Wikipedia:Nzọr ogbako

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        <username>Zita Zage (WMDE)</username>
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&lt;!-- Discussion notice starts --&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: #ff0; margin: 0 0 3px 0; padding: 0 2px 0 2px;&quot;&gt;[[Wikipedia talk:Ogbako Ọtú|'''Ihü ákíkó''']] dị maka okwu. Biko doséré okwu ébéahụ. Omemé gi detụ na ihü nkà.
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;!-- Header bar starts --&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;toccolours&quot; id=&quot;siteNotice&quot;&quot;&gt;
[[Wikipedia:Requests_for_Adminship|Requests for Adminship]] | [[Wikipedia:Request_for_Bot_status|Request for Bot approval]] | [[:Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing _translation|Articles for Translation]] | [[:Category:Article nke ntakiri|Articles needing expansion]]&lt;/div&gt;

{{Íshí Nzọr Inglish}}
{{Ihe Anyi gi me}}

==Administrator access==
I would like to be an administrator on this Igbo wikipedia. '''[[User:Ukabia|Álúsí Wikipedia Ìgbo]]''' - [[User talk:Ukabia|okwú na ókà]] 17:21, 10 Önwa Asaa 2011 (UTC)

I would love to be an administrator on ig.wikipedia. The admin tools would be useful in order to fight vandalism on ig.wikipedia, improve the main page etc. [[Ọbanife:Blossom Ozurumba|Blossom Ozurumba]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Blossom Ozurumba|talk]]) 11:36, 1 Önwa Asáto 2017 (UTC)


I would love to be an administrator on ig.wikipedia. The admin tools would be useful in organizing the page,  fight vandalism on ig.wikipedia, improve articles etc. [[Ọbanife:Oby Ezeilo|Oby Ezeilo]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Oby Ezeilo | Oby Ezeilo]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Oby Ezeilo|talk]]) 17:35, 1 Ọnwaìrinàotù 2020 (UTC)

&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;

[[Category:Wikipedia]]
I would love to be an administrator on ig.wikipedia. The admin tools would be useful in correcting certain misspelt words which change the meaning of words in Igbo and hence reduce the interpretation and make the page difficult to use. 
--[[Ọbanife:Chioma Onyema|Chioma Onyema]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Chioma Onyema|talk]]) 08:46, 6 Ọnwaàsaà 2021 (UTC)

== Improving the translation support for the Igbo Wikipedia ==

''Sorry about not being able to write in Igbo. I hope someone can translate this!''

[[:mw:Content translation|Content translation]] has been successful in supporting the translation process on many Wikipedia communities, and we want to help additional wikis with potential to grow using translation as part of [[:mw:Content translation/Boost|a new initiative]].

Content translation facilitates the creation of Wikipedia articles by translating content from other languages. It has been used already to create more than half a million articles. In addition, the tool provides [[:mw:Help:Content translation/Translating/Translation quality|mechanisms to encourage the creation of good quality content]], preventing the publication of lightly edited machine translations. In general, our analysis shows that the translations produced are [[:mw:Content_translation/Deletion_statistics_comparison|less likely to be deleted than the articles started from scratch]].

Igbo Wikipedia editors have used Content translation to create [[Special:CXStats|more than three hundred articles]]. Given the size of the editing community, we think that there is potential to use translation to create more articles, expand existing ones, and attract new editors that learn how to make productive edits. Translation can help the community to reduce the language gap with other languages and grow the number of editors in a sustainable way. In order to achieve this goal, we want to collaborate with you to make Content translation more visible in the Igbo Wikipedia and support new ways to translate.

As a first step, during the next weeks we plan to enable Content translation by default on the Igbo Wikipedia. That will make it easy for users to discover the tool [[:mw:Help:Content_translation/Starting|through several entry points]]. However, users not interested in translation will still be able to disable it from their preferences.

Please feel free to share any comment in this conversation thread.

Thanks! --[[Ọbanife:Aaharoni-WMF|Amir E. Aharoni (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Aaharoni-WMF|talk]]) 13:04, 4 Ọnwaìrinàotù 2020 (UTC)

Wwyx

Ụmụ nnem na ụmụ nnam, edeyerem akwụkwọ na meta wikipedia ka fa nyem ikike ma ye kwam ego ịji new ruọ oru. Biko kwado nu mu. Ebe ịga afu ya bu na https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Grants:Project/Rapid/Igboanude/Female_Creators_on_Igbo_Wikipedia --[[Ọbanife:Igboanude|Igboanude]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Igboanude|talk]]) 07:50, 4 Ọnwaàtọ 2021 (UTC)

I applied for a rapid grant to do a wikidata project on Nigerian female producers etc. the link is attached. I seek your advice and support. https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Grants:Project/Rapid/Offordile234/Nigerian_Female_Film_Producers,_Directors_and_Actors_on_Wikidata --[[Ọbanife:Offordile234|Offordile234]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Offordile234|talk]]) 21:23, 10 Ọnwaàtọ 2021 (UTC)

I applied for a rapid grant to add content and improve existing content in wikidata about Nigerian religious leaders and the churches. I will like your comments and if approved your participation. the link is https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Grants:Project/Rapid/Chuks_Zilo/Nigerian_Religious_Institutions_on_Wikidata  --[[Ọbanife:Chuks Zilo|Chuks Zilo]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Chuks Zilo|talk]]) 20:23, 12 Ọnwaànọ 2021 (UTC)

E debeyerem akwụkwọ ka eyem ego ịji rụọ ọrụ. The link is https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Grants:Project/Rapid/Obihoja/Permanent_Secretaries_and_Directors_General/Training Please comment and advice. --[[Ọbanife:Obihoja|Obihoja]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Obihoja|talk]]) 11:50, 8 Ọnwaìse 2021 (UTC)

E tiyerem akwụkwọ ka ndị wikipedia yem ego maka ọrụ ịtiye foto na ụda onu nịme Igbo Wiktionary. Biko kwadom. Ebe ntịyere ya bụ na https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Grants:Project/Rapid/Igboanude/Pictures_and_Voice_Notes_in_Igbo_Wiktionary  --[[Ọbanife:Igboanude|Igboanude]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Igboanude|talk]]) 11:03, 12 Ọnwaìse 2021 (UTC)

I applied for a project in wikidata. I will will appreciate your comment and support. the project link is https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Grants:Project/Rapid/Chuks_Zilo/CEOs_of_Quoted_Companies_in_Nigeria --[[Ọbanife:Chuks Zilo|Chuks Zilo]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Chuks Zilo|talk]]) 13:13, 5 Ọnwa itoolu 2021 (UTC)

== Ịma Ọkwa Obodo Maka Ọrụ M ==

Ezigbo mmadu niile,

Ọ ga-amasị m ịkọrọ unu niile gbasara [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Grants:Project/Rapid/Clarissagum/Mahadum_Federal_na_Steeti,_Polytechnics_na_K%E1%BB%8Dleji_nke_Mm%E1%BB%A5ta_na_Na%E1%BB%8Bjir%E1%BB%8Ba Mahadum Federal na Steeti, Polytechnics na Kọleji nke Mmụta na Naịjirịa].

Daalụ maka nkwado gị niile.

[[Ọbanife:Clarissagum|Clarissagum]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Clarissagum|talk]]) 21:21, 9 Ọnwa itoolu 2021 (UTC)

== Photowalk of Minna, Niger state ==

Ndewo ndi nkem,
Pls find attached my [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Grants:Project/Rapid/OtuNwachinemere/Photowalk_of_Minna,_Niger_State_Nigeria#Activities project grant] request for your endorsement and collaboration.
Thanks --[[Ọbanife:OtuNwachinemere|OtuNwachinemere]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:OtuNwachinemere|talk]]) 12:48, 15 Ọnwa itoolu 2021 (UTC)

==META WIKI INTERFACE TRANSLATION==
I have applied for translation of the meta wiki interface translation for Igbo Wiktionary which is still in the incubator. your contribution and support will be appreciated. https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Grants:Project/Rapid/Obihoja/Igbo_Language_MetaWiki_interface_translation  --[[Ọbanife:Obihoja|Obihoja]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Obihoja|kwuo]]) 07:45, 15 Ọnwa iri 2021 (UTC)

== Ịma Ọkwa Maka Ọrụ M ==

Ndewo onye ọ bụla,

Ọ ga-amasị m ịkọrọ unu niile gbasara [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Grants:Project/Rapid/Clarissagum/%E1%BB%A4m%E1%BB%A5_Nwanyi_nd%E1%BB%8B_Nkuzi_na_nd%E1%BB%8B_Nch%E1%BB%8Dp%E1%BB%A5ta_n%27%E1%BB%A5l%E1%BB%8D_Akw%E1%BB%A5kw%E1%BB%8D_Mmuta_di_elu_nke_Na%E1%BB%8Bjir%E1%BB%8Ba Ụmụ Nwanyi ndị Nkuzi na ndị Nchọpụta n'ụlọ Akwụkwọ Mmuta di elu nke Naịjirịa].

Daalụ maka nkwado gị niile.

[[Ọbanife:Clarissagum|Clarissagum]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Clarissagum|kwuo]]) 10:15, 14 Ọnwa iri na otù 2021 (UTC)

== Deployment of FLORES Machine Translation to Igbo Wikipedia ==

Ndewo nụ ndị ọma!

Apologies as this message is not in your native language, {{Int:Please-translate}}.

The WMF Language team has added another machine translation (MT) support for the Content Translation in Igbo Wikipedia called FLORES. This means that you can choose to use [https://ai.facebook.com/blog/the-flores-101-data-set-helping-build-better-translation-systems-around-the-world/ FLORES machine translation] when translating Wikipedia articles to Igbo using [https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation the Content Translation tool].
 
The FLORES Machine Translation service is provided by an [https://ai.facebook.com/ AI research team at Meta] through a free for use API key that allows the Content Translation to access the service on the FLORES server for an evaluation trial period. This MT is set as optional; in your Wikipedia, which means you can choose not to use it as your preferred initial translator. If you decide to use this service, you can select &quot;FLORES&quot; from the &quot;Initial Translation&quot; dropdown menu where you will find other existing machine translation services on the sidebar.
 
The Wikimedia Foundation has worked out an agreement that allows the use of FLORES without compromising Wikipedia’s policies about attribution of rights, your privacy as a user, and brand representation. You can find more information about the FLORES Machine translation on [[mw:Content_translation/Machine_Translation/Flores#Summary_of_our_agreement_with_Meta|this page]].
 
Please note that the use of the FLORES MT is optional. However, we would want your community to:
*use it to improve the quality of the Machine Translation service; and
*[[mw:Talk:Content_translation|provide feedback]] about its quality and ask any questions you might have about this addition.
 
We trust that this addition is a good support to the Content Translations tool towards having better quality articles in Igbo Wikipedia.
 
Daalụ nụ! 

[[Ọbanife:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:UOzurumba (WMF)|kwuo]]) 12:02, 7 Ọnwa abụọ 2022 (UTC)

== Making Flores a default Machine Translation for three months in Igbo Wikipedia ==

Ndewo nụ ndi nkem!

The WMF Language team would like to make [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Content_translation/Machine_Translation/Flores Flores], provided by an [https://ai.facebook.com/ AI research team at Meta], the default machine translation support in your Wikipedia Content Translation tool for a test period of 3 months.

The above experiment will help us determine how useful the Machine Translation is for your community more reliably. By setting Flores as the default service, we expect more content to be created by using it and the data about its quality to be more representative. We plan to effect this change on 11th April 2022 unless your community has an objection not to make the FLORES the default Machine translation. 

It is okay if individuals decide to select their default service, which would also be helpful to understand user preferences. However, we would encourage you to use it. After three months, we would revert to the initial default machine translation unless your community thinks otherwise. 

We thank you for your support and look forward to the outcome of this test.

[[Ọbanife:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:UOzurumba (WMF)|kwuo]]) 18:48, 28 Ọnwa atọ 2022 (UTC) On behalf of the WMF Language team.


I have recently applied for a grant on training and competition for senior citizens. it is a proposal to bring in more senior citizens to join the wikipedia family. it will be a training and competion for participating seniors. will appreciate your suggestions.--[[Ọbanife:Igboanude|Igboanude]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Igboanude|kwuo]]) 14:55, 26 Ọnwa ise 2022 (UTC)

== Reverting to Google as the default Machine Translation in Igbo Wikipedia ==

Ndewo ndi nkem!

Three months ago, the WMF Language team set the [[mw:Content_translation/Machine_Translation/Flores|Flores]] Machine Translation (MT) support as the default in your Wikipedia which just ended.

So, we want to revert to the initial default Machine translation support for the Content translation tool in Zulu Wikipedia unless there are objections from your community to retain the Flores as your default MT.

We will wait two weeks for your feedback in this thread on the above, and If there are no objections to reverting to the [[mw:Help:Content_translation/Translating/Initial_machine_translation#Google_Translate|Google Translate]], we will make the Google MT the default translation in your Content translation tool after the 25th of July, 2022.

Thank you so much, and we look forward to your feedback.

[[Ọbanife:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:UOzurumba (WMF)|kwuo]]) 12:40, 12 Ọnwa asaa 2022 (UTC) On hehalf of the WMF Language team.

:Dear @[[Ọbanife:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] thank you for the update. Speaking for myself and from feedback from other community members, Flores has more accurate translations than Google Translate and we would prefer to keep Flores as default.
:Thank you! [[Ọbanife:Tochiprecious|Tochiprecious]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Tochiprecious|kwuo]]) 15:54, 12 Ọnwa asaa 2022 (UTC)
::Thank you @[[Ọbanife:Tochiprecious|Tochiprecious]] for the feedback. This means we will not be reverting to Google since the community prefers Flores because it is more accurate. We will leave Flores as the default Machine Translation, while the Google Machine translation will be optional.
::Best regards. [[Ọbanife:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:UOzurumba (WMF)|kwuo]]) 19:06, 12 Ọnwa asaa 2022 (UTC)

== &quot;Talk page&quot; ==

Hi!

At a translatewiki training on July 30, there was a side discussion about the right word to use for &quot;Talk&quot;, &quot;Talk page&quot;, &quot;Discussion&quot;, etc.

&quot;Talk page&quot; refers to pages on which editors discuss the following things:
* The article—how to write it, what to include, what to exclude, what terminology to use, etc.
* General Wikipedia matters—policies, style, appointing administrators, etc.
* Direct conversations with users (&quot;user talk page&quot;).

As a general comment, in English, the words &quot;discussion&quot; and &quot;talk&quot; are used for this, but it's actually the same thing, and can be translated with the same word in Igbo.

The words that I can see here are:
* Mkparita ụka
* nkàta
* Akíkó
* Nkpata okà
* Kuwa akíkó
* kwuo
* okwu

There may also be other words that I haven't noticed.

I recommend choosing consistent translations for &quot;talk&quot; and &quot;talk page&quot;, and using them consistently. [[Ọbanife:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Amire80|kwuo]]) 11:05, 31 Ọnwa asaa 2022 (UTC)

:Thank you for this recommendation @[[Ọbanife:Amire80|Amire80]]. Best, [[Ọbanife:Tochiprecious|Tochiprecious]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Tochiprecious|kwuo]]) 14:40, 5 Ọnwa asatọ 2022 (UTC)

== Atụmatụ ịgbanwe aha &quot;talk spaces&quot; anyị  ==

Ndewo ụmụnne! Ọ ga-amasị m ịtụ aro ka anyị gbanwee aha 'talk spaces' n'asụsụ Igbo site na &quot;Okwu&quot; gaa na &quot;Ṅkàtá&quot;, n'ihi na ọ dị m ka &quot;Ṅkàtá&quot; na-akọwa ọrụ ya nke ọma karịa 'Okwu'. Ewelitere nke a n'oge usoro nkwado maka Wiktionary Igbo na Wikiquote na Meta. Iji gbanwee nke a, anyị kwesịrị igosi ebe anyị nwere nkwenye maka ngbanwe a, yabụ biko kwupụta echiche gị banyere mgbanwe a n'okpuru - ọ bụrụ na ịnwere nkwenye maka ngbanwe a n'ime izu ole na ole a n'abia, anyị nwere ike ịrịọ ka ha gbanwee ya. Ọ bụrụ na anyị kpebie ịgbanwe aha ndị ahụ, aha ochie nọ ebe a ga-aga n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ na njikọ, mana ọ gaghị abụ aha na-egosipụta na ibe okwu. Mee ka m mara ihe ị chere! Ya gazie! [[Ọbanife:Tochiprecious|Tochiprecious]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Tochiprecious|kwuo]]) 15:01, 5 Ọnwa asatọ 2022 (UTC)

:Ọ ga adị ezigbo mkpa ma ha mgbanwe ibe okwu dị na Wikipidia anyị. E kweyere m nke ọma ka e mee mgbanwe a. [[Ọbanife:Olugold|Olugold]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Olugold|kwuo]]) 15:12, 5 Ọnwa asatọ 2022 (UTC)
::Imeela na nzaghachi gị @[[Ọbanife:Olugold|Olugold]] [[Ọbanife:Tochiprecious|Tochiprecious]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Tochiprecious|kwuo]]) 11:18, 6 Ọnwa asatọ 2022 
(UTC)

:Ọ di mmá kà anyị gbanwee áhà ndi a. E kwenyere m. [[Ọbanife:Kingsley Nkem|Kingsley Nkem]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Kingsley Nkem|kwuo]]) 08:35, 6 Ọnwa asatọ 2022 (UTC)
::Ndewo na nkwado gị @[[Ọbanife:Kingsley Nkem|Kingsley Nkem]] [[Ọbanife:Tochiprecious|Tochiprecious]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Tochiprecious|kwuo]]) 11:18, 6 Ọnwa asatọ 2022 (UTC)

:E kwenyere m na mgbanwe aha a n'ihi na &quot;Nkàta&quot; ka kọwaa ya karịa &quot;okwu. [[Ọbanife:Uzoejinwa|Uzoejinwa]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Uzoejinwa|kwuo]]) 9:22, 6 Ọnwa asatọ 2022 (UTC)

:A nam eche na &quot;Nkàtá&quot; kọwara ihe a na-ekwu maka ya karịa &quot;Okwu&quot;. N'ihi nke a, e kwenyere m na mgbanwe a. [[Ọbanife:Timzy D&amp;#39;Great|Timzy D&amp;#39;Great]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Timzy D&amp;#39;Great|kwuo]]) 08:49, 6 Ọnwa asatọ 2022 (UTC)
::Eziokwu ka ikwuru @[[Ọbanife:Timzy D'Great|Timzy D'Great]] [[Ọbanife:Tochiprecious|Tochiprecious]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Tochiprecious|kwuo]]) 11:19, 6 Ọnwa asatọ 2022 (UTC)

:Ọ bụ ihe ziri ezi ime ya bụ ḿgbánwè. &quot;Ńkàtá&quot; kasịrị daba adaba nke ọma karịa &quot;Okwu&quot;. Ekwenyere m na nke ahụ. [[Ọbanife:Daberechi16|Dabere16]]
([[Okwu Ọbanife: Daberechi16|kwuo]]) 11:02, 6 Satọnafọ 2022 (UTC)

:Ọ dị mma maka &quot;Nkàta&quot; bụ aha ya kpọmkwem ma kakwa wee kọwaa ya nke oma karịa &quot;okwu. [[Ọbanife:Onyinyeonuoha|Achukwu Onyinye]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Onyinyeonuoha|kwuo]]) 1:11, 6 Ọnwa asatọ 2022 (UTC)

: This change is a welcome development since it is a known fact that language is dynamic; hence Igbo language is no exception to this dynamism and as such, ''Nkata'' captures the content of the discussion. [[Ọbanife:Iwuala Lucy|Iwuala Lucy]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Iwuala Lucy|kwuo]]) 13:37, 6 Ọnwa asatọ 2022 (UTC)
:Ọ di mmá kà anyị gbanwee áhà ndi a. E kwenyere m na nke a [[Ọbanife:Lebron jay|Lebron jay]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Lebron jay|kwuo]]) 14:04, 6 Ọnwa asatọ 2022 (UTC)

:E kwenyere m ka a gbanwee áhà a site N'okwụ baa na ńkàtá maka ọ dabara nke ọma. [[Jabinekene:Ekene Amaechi|Ekene Amaechi]]  04:00, 6 Ọnwa asatọ 2022 (UTC)

I agree to the change of the name ọ f &quot;Talk Places&quot; to &quot;Nkata&quot; because it gives to real meaning of the word in Igbo Language rather than&quot;talk&quot; [[Ọbanife:Chikeme Chizurum|Chikeme Chizurum]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Chikeme Chizurum|kwuo]]) 02:55, 8 Ọnwa asatọ  2022 (UTC)

==Usoro ọdide asụsụ Igbo==
===Ndakọrịta Udaume (Vowel Harmony)===
Ndakọrịta Udaume bụ usoro iwu odide Igbo wubere na ụdaume Igbo ga-agbaso mgbe eji ha emebe mkpụrụokwu maọbụ ekwu okwu.
N'asụsụ Igbo e nwere ụdaume asatọ, Ha bụ '''''a e i ị o ọ u ụ'''''. E kere Ụdaume ndị a ụzọ abụọ .
1) Ụdamfe/Otu A: a  ị  ọ  ụ. Otu A nwere kpọm n'okpuru ha ma ewepụ a
2) Ụdaarọ/Otu E: e  i  o  u. Otu E enweghị kpọm n'okpuru ha
Iwu megidere na mgbe ọbụla ụdaume si n'otu nke ọbula na-emebe okwu, mara na mkpụrụokwu ahụ ga ejupụta na ụdaume si n'otu ahụ.
Ọmụmaatụ: 
Okwu ndị si n'Otu A---
Ọgụ (fight)
Ụdọ (rope)
Azịza (broom)
ịgba (Drum) 
          
Okwu ndị si n'Otu E---
Ezi (Pig) 
Udo (peace)
Iko (Cup)
Olulu (Pit)
===Ede ụdaume na-ada iwu ndakọrịta===
1) Aha mmadụ:
Ọbiageli
Ijeọma
Chigaekwu
Chukwuma 
wee dịrị gawa
2) Okwu ọkpụ: Okwu ndị nna anyị ha na-ekwu ọkpụtọrọkpụ dịka: Ngaji
                                                            Omenala
                                                            Dibịa
                                                            Ụdaume
Ọ dị mkpa ịghọta iwu ndakọrịta Ụdaume nke ọma iji mata ma ghọta ụfọdụ mgbanwe dị n'ụtọasụsụ Igbo.

== STUDY ON WHY WIKIPEDIA IS NOT BEING USED IN NIGERIAN CLASSROOM ==
The Igbo Language and Culture Institute has applied for a project to conduct a research on Overcoming Challenges of Introducing Wikipedia in Nigeria Classroom. your suggestions will be appreciated. --[[Ọbanife:Obihoja|Obihoja]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Obihoja|kwuo]]) 10:36, 19 Ọgọọst 2022 (UTC)

== The name of this page ==

Hi!

What should be the name of this page: &quot;Nzọr ogbako&quot;, &quot;Ogbako otú&quot;, or something else? [[Ọbanife:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Amire80|kwuo]]) 07:40, 23 Ọktoba 2022 (UTC)

== Namespace names ==

Hi,

I spoke to @[[Ọbanife:Oby Ezeilo|Oby Ezeilo]], and she found many mistakes in the names of namespaces on this wiki.

This problem needs a thorough solution. As a first step, I'd love to know the Igbo Wikipedia's community opinion about several terms. For each of the following terms, there must be one consistent term used everywhere, because all these words are very common and important:

;Special
:This must be the translation of the word &quot;special&quot; in &quot;special page&quot;. (The word &quot;page&quot; is not needed, only &quot;special&quot;.) The current translation is &quot;Ihü kárírí&quot;, and it's probably incorrect. Oby Ezeilo's suggestion is &quot;Ọpụrụiche&quot;.
;Talk ''or'' Discussion
:&quot;Talk pages&quot; or &quot;Discussion pages&quot; are pages where editors have discussions about articles or about other topics. For example, &quot;Talk:Nigeria&quot; is the talk page of the article &quot;Nigeria&quot;, and &quot;User talk:Amire80&quot; is the personal talk page of User:Amire80. In English, the words &quot;Talk&quot; and &quot;Discussion&quot; are both used, but it's the same thing, so you can use one word in Igbo. The current translation is &quot;Okwu&quot;, and Oby Ezeilo's suggestion is &quot;Ńkàtá&quot;.
;User
:A user is anyone who uses the wiki as a reader or an editor. The current word is &quot;Ọbanife&quot;. Oby Ezeilo recommends the word &quot;Ojiarụ&quot;.
;File
:Files on Wikipedia usually store photos, videos, or documents. The current word is &quot;Usòrò&quot;, and it's probably wrong. What should be the correct translation?
;Template
:A template is a piece of text or code that can be embedded in other pages. Common examples of templates are infoboxes, citations, tags at the top of the article, etc. The current word is &quot;Àtụ&quot;. Is it good?
;Help
:Help pages are pages that explain how to use Wikipedia. Some examples of English-language help pages: [[:w:en:Help:Recent changes|Help:Recent changes]], [[:w:en:Help:Table|Help:Table]], etc. The current word is &quot;Nkwadọ&quot;, and Oby Ezeilo recommends &quot;Enyemaka&quot;.
;Category
:A category is a group of pages that have a similar topic. For example, the Wikipedia articles about [[:w:en:Leymah Gbowee|Leymah Gbowee]], [[:w:en:Andrei Sakharov|Andrei Sakharov]], and [[:w:en:Alva Myrdal|Alva Myrdal]] all belong to the &quot;Nobel Peace Prize laureates&quot; category in the English Wikipedia, and are automatically listed on that category's page: [[:w:en:Category:Nobel Peace Prize laureates|Category:Nobel Peace Prize laureates]]. The current word is &quot;Òtù&quot;, and Oby Ezeilo recommends &quot;Katigori&quot;.

What do other Igbo Wikipedia editors think? How should these words be written in Igbo?

Here's the list again, briefly:
* Special
* Talk
* User
* File
* Template
* Help
* Category

Please reply here.

Once everyone agrees on these terms' translation, it will be possible to write correct translations for all the namespace names.

Thank you! :) [[Ọbanife:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Amire80|kwuo]]) 08:13, 23 Ọktoba 2022 (UTC)

:Hello Amir, thank you for this question. After so much deliberation in our community, we voted this: 


Here's the list, 

* Special -Ọpụrụiche
* Talk - Ṅkàtá
* User -Ojiarụ
* File -Faịlụ
* Template -Templeeti 
* Help -Enyemaka
* Category - Otú
Thank you!
[[Ọbanife:Tochiprecious|Tochiprecious]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Tochiprecious|kwuo]]) 17:04, 24 Ọktoba 2022 (UTC)

:I highly support the introduction of these newly translated words. [[Ọbanife:Kingsley Nkem|Kingsley Nkem]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Kingsley Nkem|kwuo]]) 18:21, 24 Ọktoba 2022 (UTC)
:I Strongly support the use of these terms Tochiprecious listed above. Thanks [[Ọbanife:Olugold|Olugold]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Olugold|kwuo]]) 18:22, 24 Ọktoba 2022 (UTC)

I am in support of the names translation, because it will be of a great help to our community.
[[Ọbanife: Senator Choko|Senator Choko]] ([[Okwu ọbanife: Senator Choko|kwuo]]) 18:16, 24 Ọktoba 2022 (UTC)

:Effecting these changes on the page will make it more understandable to the users. I'm in support of these new developments. [[Ọbanife:Iwuala Lucy|Iwuala Lucy]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Iwuala Lucy|kwuo]]) 18:03, 24 Ọktoba 2022 (UTC)
::I support this.. I support the new name translation brought up here [[Ọbanife:Sayvhior|Sayvhior]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Sayvhior|kwuo]]) 19:55, 24 Ọktoba 2022 (UTC)

::I support those new translations to be put to use.  [[Ọbanife:Daberechi16|Daberechi16]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Daberechi16|kwuo]]) 12:36, 25 Ọktoba 2022 (UTC)

:I strongly support these changes as it makes them more understandable. [[Ọbanife:Timzy D&amp;#39;Great|Timzy D&amp;#39;Great]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Timzy D&amp;#39;Great|kwuo]]) 09:06, 25 Ọktoba 2022 (UTC)

== Upcoming vote on the revised Enforcement Guidelines for the Universal Code of Conduct ==

Hello all,

In mid-January 2023, the [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Revised_enforcement_guidelines|Enforcement Guidelines]] for the [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] will undergo a second community-wide ratification vote. This follows [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines/Voting/Results|the March 2022 vote]], which resulted in a majority of voters supporting the Enforcement Guidelines. During the vote, participants helped highlight important community concerns. The Board’s [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Community_Affairs_Committee|Community Affairs Committee]] requested that these areas of concern be reviewed.

The volunteer-led [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Drafting_committee#Revisions_Committee_members|Revisions Committee]] worked hard reviewing community input and making changes. They updated areas of concern, such as training and affirmation requirements, privacy and transparency in the process, and readability and translatability of the document itself.

The revised Enforcement Guidelines can be viewed '''[[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Revised_enforcement_guidelines|here]]''', and a comparison of changes can be found '''[[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Revised_enforcement_guidelines/Comparison|here]]'''.

'''How to vote?'''

Beginning '''January 17, 2023''', voting will be open. '''[[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Revised_enforcement_guidelines/Voter_information|This page on Meta-wiki]]''' outlines information on how to vote using SecurePoll.

'''Who can vote?'''

The '''[[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Revised_enforcement_guidelines/Voter_information#Voting_eligibility|eligibility requirements]]''' for this vote are the same as for the Wikimedia Board of Trustees elections. See the voter information page for more details about voter eligibility. If you are an eligible voter, you can use your Wikimedia account to access the voting server.

'''What happens after the vote?'''

Votes will be scrutinized by an independent group of volunteers, and the results will be published on Wikimedia-l, the Movement Strategy Forum, Diff and on Meta-wiki. Voters will again be able to vote and share concerns they have about the guidelines. The Board of Trustees will look at the levels of support and concerns raised as they look at how the Enforcement Guidelines should be ratified or developed further.

On behalf of the UCoC Project Team, 

[[Ọbanife:Zuz (WMF)|Zuz (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Zuz (WMF)|ṅkátá]]) 08:59, 10 Jenụwarị 2023 (UTC)

== Universal Code of Conduct revised enforcement guidelines vote results ==

The recent community-wide vote on the [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Revised_enforcement_guidelines|Universal Code of Conduct revised Enforcement Guidelines]] has been tallied and scrutinized. Thank you to everyone who participated.

After 3097 voters from 146 Wikimedia communities voted, the results are 76% in support of the Enforcement Guidelines, and 24% in opposition. [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Revised_enforcement_guidelines/Voting_statistics|Statistics]] for the vote are available. A more detailed summary of comments submitted during the vote will be published soon.

From here, the results and comments collected during this vote will be submitted to the Board of Trustees for their review. The current expectation is that the Board of Trustees review process will complete in March 2023. We will update you when their review process is completed.

On behalf of the UCoC Project Team,

[[Ọbanife:Zuz (WMF)|Zuz (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Zuz (WMF)|ṅkátá]]) 22:54, 16 Febụwarị 2023 (UTC)

== Community feedback cycle about updating the Wikimedia Terms of use starts ==

Hello everyone,

[[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_department|Wikimedia Foundation Legal Department]] is organizing a feedback-cycle with community members to discuss updating the Wikimedia Terms of Use.

[[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Terms_of_Use|The Terms of Use (ToU)]] are the legal terms that govern the use of websites hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation. We will be gathering your feedback on a draft proposal from February through April. The draft will be translated into several languages, with written feedback accepted in any language.

This update comes in response to several things:

* Implementing the Universal Code of Conduct
* Updating project text to the Creative Commons BY-SA 4.0 license
* Proposal for better addressing undisclosed paid editing
* Bringing our terms in line with current and recently passed laws affecting the Foundation, including the European Digital Services Act

As part of the feedback cycle two office hours will be held, the first on March 2, the second on April 4.

For further information, please consult:

* The [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_department/2023_ToU_updates/Proposed_update|proposed update of the ToU by comparison]]
* The page for your [[metawiki:Talk:Terms_of_use|feedback]]
* Information about [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_department/2023_ToU_updates/Office_hours|the office hours]]

On behalf of the Wikimedia Foundation Legal Team,

[[Ọbanife:Zuz (WMF)|Zuz (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Zuz (WMF)|ṅkátá]]) 13:00, 21 Febụwarị 2023 (UTC)

== Reminder: Office hours about updating the Wikimedia Terms of Use ==

: ''[[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_department/2023_ToU_updates/Office_hours/Reminder|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
: [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_department/2023_ToU_updates/Office_hours/Reminder|More languages]] ''•'' [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Wikimedia+Foundation+Legal+department%2F2023+ToU+updates%2FOffice+hours%2FReminder&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= Please help translate to your language]

Hello everyone,

This a reminder that the [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_department|Wikimedia Foundation Legal Department]] is hosting [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_department/2023_ToU_updates/Office_hours|office hours]] with community members about [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_department/2023_ToU_updates/Proposed_update|updating the Wikimedia Terms of Use]].

The office hours will be held today, '''March 2, from 17:00 UTC to 18:30 UTC.''' See for more [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_department/2023_ToU_updates/Office_hours|details here on Meta]].

Another office hours will be held on April 4.

We hereby kindly invite you to participate in the discussion. Please note that this meeting will be held in English language and led by the members of the Wikimedia Foundation Legal Team, who will take and answer your questions. Facilitators from the Movement Strategy and Governance Team will provide the necessary assistance and other meeting-related services.

On behalf of the Wikimedia Foundation Legal Team,

[[Ọbanife:Zuz (WMF)|Zuz (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Zuz (WMF)|ṅkátá]]) 11:55, 2 Maachị 2023 (UTC)

== Board of Trustees have ratified the UCoC Enforcement Guidelines ==
: ''[[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Revised_enforcement_guidelines/Announcement_-_Board_ratification|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
: [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Revised_enforcement_guidelines/Announcement_-_Board_ratification|More languages]] ''•'' [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Universal+Code+of+Conduct%2FRevised+enforcement+guidelines%2FAnnouncement+-+Board+ratification&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= Please help translate to your language]

Hello all, an important update on the UCoC Enforcement Guidelines:

The vote on the Enforcement Guidelines in January 2023 showed a majority approval of the Enforcement Guidelines. There were 369 comments received and a detailed summary of the comments will be published shortly. Just over three-thousand (3097) voters voted and 76% approved of the Enforcement Guidelines. You can view the '''[[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Revised_enforcement_guidelines/Voting_statistics|vote statistics on Meta-wiki]]'''.

As the support increased, this signifies to the Board that the current version has addressed some of the issues indicated during the last review in 2022. The Board of Trustees voted to ratify the Enforcement Guidelines. The [[foundation:Resolution:Approval_of_Universal_Code_of_Conduct_Enforcement_Guidelines|resolution can be found on Foundation wiki]] and you can read more about the [[wmfblog:2023/03/21/the-enforcement-guidelines-received-strong-support-from-the-community-what-happens-next/|process behind the 2023 Enforcement Guidelines review on Diff.]]

There are some next steps to take with the important recommendations provided by the Enforcement Guidelines. More details will come soon about timelines. Thank you for your interest and participation.

On behalf of the UCoC Project Team,

[[Ọbanife:Zuz (WMF)|Zuz (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Zuz (WMF)|ṅkátá]]) 22:01, 23 Maachị 2023 (UTC)

== Elections Committee: Call for New Members ==

Hello everyone,

The [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections_committee|Wikimedia Foundation elections committee]] (Elections Committee) is, from today until April 24, seeking an additional 2–4 members to help facilitate the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustee (Board) selection process.

The 2024 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees election is being planned. New members are invited to join the Elections Committee. The Elections Committee oversees the Board of Trustees community seat selection process. Join the committee and contribute your valuable skills and ideas to the Trustee selection process.

There are eight community- and affiliate-selected seats on [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Board_of_Trustees|the Wikimedia Foundation Board]]. The wider Wikimedia community votes for community members to occupy these seats. In 2024, the Elections Committee will oversee this selection process for the community- and affiliate-selected seats with expiring terms. This process will be supported by the Wikimedia Foundation.

Elections Committee members sign up for three-year terms and will be asked to [[phab:L37|sign a confidentiality agreement]]. Members can expect to contribute 2–5 hours per week before the selection process and 5–8 hours per week during the selection process.

As an Elections Committee member, you will be responsible for:

* Attending online meetings between now and the next election (mid-2024)
* Attending onboarding and online training in May–June 2023
* Working with the Committee to fulfill its [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Elections_Committee_Charter|other responsibilities]]

New members should have the following qualities:

* Fluency in English
* Responsiveness to email collaboration
* Knowledge of the movement and movement governance

If you would like to volunteer for this role, please '''submit your candidacy by April 24, 2023 23:59 [[:en:Anywhere_on_Earth|AoE (Anywhere on Earth)]] on [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections_committee/Nominations/2023|this Meta-Wiki page]]'''.

You can [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Board_noticeboard/Wikimedia_Foundation_Elections_Committee_-_2023_Call_for_New_Members|'''read the full announcement here''']]. Thank you in advance for your interest! If you are not interested but know someone who might be, share this message with them. Please let me know if you have questions.

On behalf of the Elections Committee,

[[Ọbanife:Zuz (WMF)|Zuz (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Zuz (WMF)|ṅkátá]]) 22:16, 14 Eprel 2023 (UTC)

== End of the Movement Charter ratification methodology community review ==

Hello,

The Movement Charter Drafting Committee has concluded its first community review of the methodology draft, which will be used to ratify the Movement Charter in 2024.

This community review included [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Movement_Charter|feedback collection on Meta]], on the [https://forum.movement-strategy.org/t/movement-charter-ratification-methodology-community-review-from-10-28-april-2023/2930/6 Movement Strategy forum] as well as two [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Community_Consultation|conversation hours]] with communities and one conversation with the Committees of the Wikimedia projects. MCDC greatly appreciates everyone's input. The recording of the ratification methodology presentation is here and [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Community_Consultation/Notes_and_documentation|documentation can be accessed here]]. The timeline of the next steps of the methodology is [https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3AMC_Ratification_Methodology_-_April_2023.pdf&amp;page=33 provided here].

The WMF support team will produce a report on the community input in May. MCDC will incorporate the feedback and share an updated version of the ratification methodology in August 2023. The MCDC will continue to outreach to stakeholders regarding the updated methodology in late 2023.

Thank you for your participation!

On behalf of the Movement Charter Drafting Committee,

[[Ọbanife:Zuz (WMF)|Zuz (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Zuz (WMF)|ṅkátá]]) 16:40, 3 Mee 2023 (UTC)

==Dates==
I've fixed up the templates {{Tlx|Birth date and age}} {{Tlx|Death date and age}} and possibly a few more to use Igbo month names.  

* I need to translate &quot;aged&quot; as in &quot;Nwürü	11 Novemba 2002 (aged 82)&quot;.  What word should I use?
* I've used Eprelụ should this be Eprel?

Let me know if there are any problems and I'll do my best to fix them.

[[Ọbanife:Rich Farmbrough|Rich Farmbrough]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Rich Farmbrough|ṅkátá]]) 21:35, 13 Maachị 2024 (UTC)

== Ozi maka atụmatụ ndi Wikimedia Foundation nke afọ 2024-25 ==

Ndewo nụ ndi nkem!

Ndi Wikimedia Foundation ebidola ihazi atụmatụ na ebumunuche ga eduzi ọrụ anyi ndi Wikimedia na afọ 2024-25. Eji mụ ohere na egosi  anyi  ozi onye isi nke Prodọktụ na Teknọlọji onye nke a na akpọ Selena Deckelmann dere gbasara atụmatụ na ebumunuche afọ ọhuru anyi na abanye na Wikimedia. Ndi Wikimedia Foundation si na ọdi oke mkpa ka anyi gụọ ebumunuche ha maka afọ 2024-25 ma gwa ha uche gi, ma jụọ kwa ha ajụjụ gbasara atụmatụ na ebumunuche ha deputara. Inwere ike iji asụsụ ọbula di gi nma (igbo ma ọbu na English) ide puta uche gi ma juọ ha ajụjụ ebea. 

[[User:UOzurumba_(WMF)| UOzurumba (WMF)]], ma ọbụ Mazi [[User:Udehb-WMF|Benedict]] ga elegide ihụ akwụkwọ a, ma nyere aka ziruo ha ozi, ma zaa ajuju ọbula inwere. Biko guọ ozi ya ebea, ma ọbụ ebe nzisa ozi nke [[wmfblog:2024/02/20/thinking-about-annual-planning-in-the-wikimedia-foundations-product-and-technology-department/|Diff]] na nke ọzọ a na akpọ [[metawiki:Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2024-2025/Goals/Infrastructure|Meta]].


Daalụ nụ! -[[Ọbanife:Udehb-WMF|Udehb-WMF]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Udehb-WMF|ṅkátá]]) 17:35, 14 Maachị 2024 (UTC)

== Making Google translate the default machine translation support in Igbo Wikipedia ==

Ndewo n&lt;u&gt;ụ&lt;/u&gt; ndi Igbo Wikipedians!

Apologies, as this message is not in your language. &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Please-translate}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

The [[mw:Wikimedia_Language_engineering|WMF Language team]] proposes temporarily making Google Translate the default machine translation for your Wikipedia. Some months ago we set MinT, the new Wikimedia Foundation machine translation service, as the default for your language. However, we plan to revert this change. This is because we are [[phab:T363563|working on improving the reference support]] and fixing some bugs causing referencing issues when using MinT to translate.

During this period, contributors can still use the MinT by selecting it as an optional service. However, we want to limit its use to reduce the effect of using it as it is thereby imposing more work on translators to correct the issues manually. 

Please let us know in this thread if your community objects to our proposal and would rather have MinT as default, irrespective of our improvement plans. Rest assured, changing the default machine translation support is a temporary measure. We will notify you once we finish [[phab:T363569|the work]] and revert to MinT.

We appreciate your understanding and cooperation on this change. Daalụ nụ!

[[Ọbanife:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:UOzurumba (WMF)|ṅkátá]]) 19:19, 30 Eprel 2024 (UTC) On behalf of the WMF Language team.

:@[[Ọbanife:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] Thank you for the information, I am in support making Google translate temporarily the default machine translation for our Wikipedia. [[User:Akwugo|Akwugo]] ([[User talk:Akwugo|talk]])  20:54, 30 Eprel 2024 (UTC)
:Dear @[[Ọbanife:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]], thanks for the heads-up. I believe the Google translate can be temporarily used for the Igbo Wikipedia - but to be changed as soon as possible the MinT is up. [[Ọbanife:Iwuala Lucy|Iwuala Lucy]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Iwuala Lucy|ṅkátá]]) 04:08, 1 Mee 2024 (UTC)
:Thanks @[[Ọbanife:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] for this notice. The referencing errors also occur while using Google Translate... It's a good thing your team is working towards fixing these errors, you can go ahead with the plan. [[Ọbanife:Olugold|Olugold]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Olugold|ṅkátá]]) 07:30, 1 Mee 2024 (UTC)
:Thank you, @[[Ọbanife:Akwugo|Akwugo]], @[[Ọbanife:Iwuala Lucy|Iwuala Lucy]] and @[[Ọbanife:Olugold|Olugold]], for your response. I will let the WMF Language team know your take on this. 
:Best regards
:[[Ọbanife:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:UOzurumba (WMF)|ṅkátá]]) 19:20, 1 Mee 2024 (UTC)

== Plans to enable MinT for Wiki readers in Igbo Wikipedia ==

Ndewo ndi Igbo Wikipedians,

The [[mw:Wikimedia_Language_engineering|WMF Language team]] has been working on [[mw:MinT#MinT_for_wiki_readers|MinT for Wiki Readers]]. This feature will allow communities to access more content that is only available in other languages with machine translation in Wikipedia. The initial version of this feature is ready, and we would like the Igbo Wikipedia to be the first to test and have this feature since the Igbo community has been using MinT frequently to create translations. For this, our team would like you to read about the feature and [https://ig.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ih%C3%BC_k%C3%A1r%C3%ADr%C3%AD:AutomaticTranslation '''test it'''] so you can:

* Ask us questions
* Tell us how to improve the feature
* Give us your feedback on enabling it in your Wikipedia

'''About the feature'''

The MinT for Wiki Readers is a feature that will allow readers of Igbo Wikipedia to expand their reading options and knowledge beyond the language they are familiar with in Wikipedia. For instance, if someone is interested in a topic or content that only exists in the Japanese language and the person is not familiar with the language. While using the mobile web version of Wikipedia, the reader can access the machine translation version of that content in the Igbo language from the language selector or the article's footer (as shown in the image below). 
{{Gallery
| align        = center
| height       =450
| width        =200
| whitebg      = no
| noborder     = yes
| File:MinT MVP Language Selector entry point video.webm|Language selector entry point.
| File:MinT_MVP_Article_footer_entry_point.png|Article footer entry point
}}

These machine-generated translations of content are clearly identified as such, and the human-created content is surfaced and recommended if available.

This feature is in its initial development. It is an early and functional version, and many aspects will be improved based on your community member's feedback on what works and what can be improved to better support your needs as readers.

'''How to try the tool'''

Before we enable this feature in your Wikipedia by the 17th June 2024, we invite members of your community to try MinT for Wiki Readers in Igbo Wikipedia at [https://ig.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:AutomaticTranslation Special:AutomaticTranslation] and give us early feedback in this thread or on [[mw:Talk:MinT#Feedback_from_the_Igbo_Wikipedians_about_MinT_for_Wikipedia_Readers|this talk page]]. Our team would like to know your impression on:

* How do you use the feature
* Anything we should consider for our plans to enable it?
* Your ideas for improving it.

We greatly appreciate your time and effort in testing this tool. We eagerly look forward to your valuable feedback and questions, which will be instrumental in the further development of this feature. Thank you.

[[Ọbanife:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:UOzurumba (WMF)|ṅkátá]]) 20:06, 10 Jụn 2024 (UTC) On behalf of the WMF Language team.

== Temporary accounts may be rolled out in late October ==

Hello everyone. We are the Wikimedia Foundation [[mediawikiwiki:Trust_and_Safety_Product|Trust and Safety Product]] team, working on digital security and online privacy issues. We are here to let you know about [[mediawikiwiki:Trust_and_Safety_Product/Temporary_Accounts|temporary accounts for unregistered (logged-out) editors]]. '''Later this month, we will be rolling them out on several pilot wikis, who will have the chance to test and share comments to improve the feature before it is deployed on all wikis in mid-2025.'''

'''This change is especially relevant to the logged-out editors and the more experienced community members like patrollers and admins – anyone who uses IP addresses when blocking users and keeping the wikis safe.'''

'''Based on data we have analyzed, we believe that Igbo Wikipedia is a great candidate for being a pilot.''' We wanted to share more about what temporary accounts are, what change they bring, why we think you would be a good piloting community, and what we can do together to make sure this change goes smoothly for everyone affected.

'''Legal mandate for this work'''

The Foundation’s Legal team requires that we change the ways in which logged-out editors interact with the wikis, and how their personal data is handled. The result is the creation of temporary accounts. We are doing it to keep up with legal changes and with the ways many people expect websites to operate, and to minimize risks to logged-out editors. ([[mediawikiwiki:Trust_and_Safety_Product/Temporary_Accounts/FAQ#Why_are_you_working_on_temporary_accounts_at_all?|See more on the legal aspect in our FAQ]] and the [[mediawikiwiki:Trust_and_Safety_Product/Temporary_Accounts/Updates/Legal#July_2021|2021 update from the Legal team]].)

'''How temporary accounts work'''
[[File:Temporary account banner and empty talk page.png|thumb|400px]]
Any time a logged-out user publishes an edit on this wiki, a cookie will be set in this user's browser, and a temporary account tied with this cookie will be automatically created. This account's name will follow the pattern: ~2024-1234567 (a tilde, current year, a number). On pages like Recent Changes or page history, this name will be displayed. The cookie will expire 90 days after the account creation date. As long as the cookie exists, all edits made by this user from this device will be attributed to this temporary account. It will be the same account even if the IP address changes, unless the user clears their cookies or uses a different device or web browser. A record of the IP address used at the time of each edit will be stored for 90 days after the edit. However, only some logged-in users will be able to see it.

What does this mean for different groups of users?

{{hidden|For logged-out editors|ta1 = left|bg1 = #eaecf0|
* This increases privacy: currently, if you do not use a registered account to edit, then everybody can see the IP address for the edits you made, even after 90 days. That will no longer be possible on this wiki.
* If you use a temporary account to edit from different locations in the last 90 days (for example at home and at a coffee shop), the edit history and the IP addresses for all those locations will now be recorded together, for the same temporary account. Users who [[foundation:Policy:Access_to_temporary_account_IP_addresses|meet the relevant requirements]] will be able to view this data. If this creates any personal security concerns for you, please contact talktohumanrights at wikimedia.org for advice.
}}
{{hidden|For community members interacting with logged-out editors|ta1 = left|bg1 = #eaecf0|
* A temporary account is uniquely linked to a device. In comparison, an IP address can be shared with different devices and people (for example, different people at school or at work might have the same IP address).
* Compared to the current situation, it will be safer to assume that a temporary user's talk page belongs to only one person, and messages left there will be read by them. As you can see in the screenshot, temporary account users will receive notifications. It will also be possible to thank them for their edits, ping them in discussions, and invite them to get more involved in the community.
}}
{{hidden|For users who use IP address data to moderate and maintain the wiki|ta1 = left|bg1 = #eaecf0|
* '''For patrollers''' who track persistent abusers, investigate violations of policies, etc.: Users who [[foundation:Policy:Access_to_temporary_account_IP_addresses|meet the requirements]] will be able to reveal temporary users' IP addresses and all contributions made by temporary accounts from a specific IP address or range (&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Special:IPContributions]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;). They will also have access to useful information about the IP addresses thanks to the [[mediawikiwiki:Trust_and_Safety_Product/IP_Info|IP Info]] feature. Many other pieces of software have been built or adjusted to work with temporary accounts, including AbuseFilter, global blocks, Global User Contributions, and more. (For information for volunteer developers on how to update the code of your tools – see the last part of the message.)
* '''For admins blocking logged-out editors''':
** It will be possible to block many abusers by just blocking their temporary accounts. A blocked person won't be able to create new temporary accounts quickly if the admin selects the [[mediawikiwiki:Autoblock|autoblock]] option.
** It will still be possible to block an IP address or IP range.
* We are and will be working with other users with advanced permissions, like stewards.  With useful feedback from these users, we have updated tools and scheduled deployments around these updates.
* Temporary accounts will not be retroactively applied to contributions made before the deployment. On Special:Contributions, you will be able to see existing IP user contributions, but not new contributions made by temporary accounts on that IP address. Instead, you should use Special:IPContributions for this.
}}

'''Why we think the Igbo Wikipedia community will be a good pilot'''

In late October, we aim to deploy on approximately 10 small and medium-sized wikis. The goal is to ensure all critical functionality (patroller workflows, tools etc.) for temporary accounts work as expected. For that to happen, we want to make sure that people are comfortable with the changed functionality. We will do our best to support the piloting communities. After deploying and improving the functionality, we will keep temporary accounts here, and later, roll them out on more wikis.

We have pre-selected potential good pilots based on different factors. For example, we considered the following statistics and technical limitations: numbers of active IPs, editors, admins, IP edits per month, and lack of blockers related to the configuration of a given wiki. Human connections are even more important, and by that, we mean: availability of colleagues like @[[Ọbanife:Udehb-WMF|Benedict]], potential ambassadors and technical members of the respective communities, and communication with affiliates and hubs and their community support projects. Based on all these factors, we believe that Igbo Wikipedia will be a good pilot.

'''What we would ask of you and next steps'''

* If you'd like to learn more about temporary accounts, please ask! We will gladly address your questions, suggestions, and other thoughts!
* If you know of any tools, bots, gadgets etc. using data about IP addresses or being available for logged-out users, you may want to test if they work on [[testwiki:Main_Page|testwiki]] or [[test2wiki:Main_Page|test2wiki]]. If you are a volunteer developer, [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Trust_and_Safety_Product/Temporary_Accounts/For_developers|read our documentation for developers]], and in particular, the section on [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Trust_and_Safety_Product/Temporary_Accounts/For_developers#How_should_I_update_my_code?|how your code might need to be updated]].
* If you want to test the temporary account experience, for example just to check what it feels like, go to testwiki or test2wiki and edit without logging in.
* Tell us if you know of any difficulties that need to be addressed. We will try to help, and if we are not able, we will consider the available options, including not piloting here on Igbo Wikipedia.

Before we deploy on the first pilots, we will complete some work. This includes creating a new public dashboard presenting the impact of temporary accounts on communities ([[phab:T357763|T357763]]), building a mechanism which will automatically give the eligible users the right to reveal IP addresses ([[phab:T327913|T327913]]), and [[phab:project/view/7289/|some other tasks]].

To learn more about the project, check out [[mediawikiwiki:Trust_and_Safety_Product/Temporary_Accounts/FAQ|our FAQ]] – you will find many useful answers there. You may also [[mediawikiwiki:Trust_and_Safety_Product/Temporary_Accounts/Updates|look at the latest updates]] and [[mediawikiwiki:Newsletter:T&amp;S_Product_projects|subscribe to our new newsletter]]. If you'd like to talk to me (Szymon) off-wiki, you will find me on Discord and Telegram. Thank you! [[User:NKohli_(WMF)|NKohli (WMF)]] and [[Ọbanife:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|ṅkátá]]) 23:14, 4 Ọktoba 2024 (UTC)

== Proposal to enable the &quot;Contribute&quot; entry point in Igbo Wikipedia ==

{{Int:Hello}} Igbo Wikipedians,

Apologies as this message is not in your language. {{Int:please-translate}}.

The [[mediawikiwiki:Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization|WMF Language and Product Localization]] team proposes enabling an entry point called &quot;Contribute&quot; to your Wikipedia.

The [[:bn:বিশেষ:Contribute|Contribute]] entry point is based on collaborative work with other product teams in the Wikimedia Foundation on [[mediawikiwiki:Edit_Discovery|Edit discovery]], which validated the entry point as a persistent and constant path that contributors took to discover ways to contribute content in Wikipedia.

Therefore, enabling this entry point in your Wikipedia will help contributors quickly discover available tools and immediately click to start using them. This entry point is designed to be a central point for discovering contribution tools in Igbo Wikipedia.

'''Who can access it'''

Once it is enabled in your Wikipedia, newcomers can access the entry point automatically by just logging into their account, click on the User drop-down menu and choose the &quot;Contribute&quot; icon, which takes you to another menu where you will find a self-guided description of what you can do to contribute content, as shown in the image below. An option to &quot;view contributions&quot; is also available to access the list of your contributions.

[[Faịlụ:Mobile_Contribute_Page.png|link=https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Mobile_Contribute_Page.png|Mobile Contribute Page]]                             [[Faịlụ:Mobile_contribute_menu_(detailed).png|link=https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Mobile_contribute_menu_(detailed).png|Mobile contribute menu (detailed)]]

For experienced contributors, the Contribute icon is not automatically shown in their User drop-down menu. They will still see the &quot;Contributions&quot; option unless they change it to the &quot;Contribute&quot; manually.

This feature is available in four Wikipedia (Albanian, Malayalam, Mongolian, and Tagalog). We have gotten valuable feedback that helped us improve its discoverability. Now, it is ready to be enabled in other Wikis. One major improvement was to [[phab:T369041|make the entry point optional for experienced contributors]] who still want to have the &quot;Contributions&quot; entry point as default.          

We plan to enable it '''on mobile''' for Wikis, where the Section translation tool is enabled. In this way, we will provide a main entry point to the mobile translation dashboard, and the exposure can still be limited by targeting only the mobile platform for now. If there are no objections to having the entry point for mobile users from your community, we will enable it by 20th November 2024.

We welcome your feedback and questions in this thread on our proposal to enable it here. Suppose there are no objections, we will deploy the &quot;Contribute&quot; entry point in your Wikipedia.

We look forward to your response soon.

Thank you!

On behalf of the WMF Language and Product Localization team. [[Ojiarụ:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:UOzurumba (WMF)|ṅkátá]]) 01:38, 7 Novemba 2024 (UTC)

== An improved dashboard for the Content Translation tool ==

{{Int:hello}} Igbo Wikipedians,

Apologies as this message is not in your language, {{Int:please-translate}}.

The [[mediawikiwiki:Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization|Language and Product Localization team]] has improved the [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&amp;campaign=contributionsmenu&amp;to=es&amp;filter-type=automatic&amp;filter-id=previous-edits&amp;active-list=suggestions&amp;from=en#/ Content Translation dashboard] to create a consistent experience for all contributors using mobile and desktop devices. The improved translation dashboard allows all logged-in users of the tool to enjoy a consistent experience regardless of their type of device.

With a harmonized experience, logged-in desktop users now have access to the capabilities shown in the image below.
[[Faịlụ:Content_Translation_new-dashboard.png|alt=|center|thumb|576x576px|Notice that in this screenshot, the new dashboard allows: Users to adjust suggestions with the &quot;For you&quot; and &quot;...More&quot; buttons to select general topics or community-created collections (like the example of Climate topic).  Also, users can use translation to create new articles (as before) and expand existing articles section by section. You can see how suggestions are provided in the new dashboard  in two groups (&quot;Create new pages&quot; and &quot;Expand with new sections&quot;)-one for each activity.]]
[[Faịlụ:Content_Translation_dashboard_on_desktop.png|alt=|center|thumb|577x577px|In the current dashboard, you will notice that you can't adjust suggestions to select topics or community-created collections. Also, you can't expand on existing articles by translating new sections.]]
We will implement this improvement on your wiki '''on Monday, March 10th, 2025''' and subsequently for other Wikipedias. We plan to roll it out on all wikis and remove the current dashboard '''by May 2025'''.

We look forward to your feedback after using the new dashboard. Please reach out with any questions regarding your experience with the enhanced dashboard in this thread.

Thank you!

On behalf of the Language and Product Localization team. [[Ojiarụ:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:UOzurumba (WMF)|ṅkátá]]) 06:03, 5 Maachị 2025 (UTC)

== Please block Donaldbert ==

Please block [[Ojiarụ:Donaldbert]] for their actions at [[Vargaći]], recreating a previously-deleted item and removing deletion tags. Note that this user also edits as [[Ojiarụ:Berlindrag]] and is indefinitely blocked at Wikidata for abuse of multiple accounts and promotion of this entity. [[Ojiarụ:Bovlb|Bovlb]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:Bovlb|ṅkátá]]) 16:50, 4 Jụn 2025 (UTC)

:It looks like they may also be editing as [[Ojiarụ:Smith.886]]. [[Ojiarụ:Bovlb|Bovlb]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:Bovlb|ṅkátá]]) 18:56, 4 Jụn 2025 (UTC)
:{{done}} [[Ojiarụ:King ChristLike|King ChristLike]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:King ChristLike|ṅkátá]]) 23:23, 5 Jụn 2025 (UTC)

== Ndozi ntụgharị asụsụ ==

Ndewo ndi Igbo Wikipedians. Ana m atụ aro ka anyị dezie ntụgharị asụsụ nke “Talk” site na Ṅkàtá iji gosipụta nke ọma ka Ńkàtá. Nke a ga-akwalite nhazi ọkwa ma melite ogo na ọrụ a. Biko kwadoo arịrịọ a.  Daalụ [[Ojiarụ:King ChristLike|King ChristLike]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:King ChristLike|ṅkátá]]) 14:24, 17 Ọktoba 2025 (UTC))
* A kwadosiri m árò a ike maka nchekwa asụsụ Igbo. Nke ọbụla a na-asụpe, a sụpee ya ọfụma [[Ojiarụ:Goodymeraj|Goodymeraj]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:Goodymeraj|ṅkátá]]) 19:07, 17 Ọktoba 2025 (UTC)

:A kwadoro m nhazi a, n’ihi na nsụpe nke a bụ nke kacha mma. Daalụnụ  [[User:Sayvhior|&lt;span style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;text-shadow:#009200 0.3em 0.4em 1.0em,#009200 -0.2em -0.2em 1.0em;color:#009200&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Sayvhior&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:Sayvhior|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#ff0000&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Talk&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 19:49, 17 Ọktoba 2025 (UTC)
:Ana m akwado nke a makana ọ bu ihe dị mma.  [[Ọpụrụiche:Contributions/&amp;#126;2025-29202-75|&amp;#126;2025-29202-75]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:&amp;#126;2025-29202-75|talk]]) 03:55, 18 Ọktoba 2025 (UTC)
:Ana m akwado nke a makana ọ bu ihe dị mma [[Ojiarụ:Philip Emeka|Philip Emeka]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:Philip Emeka|ṅkátá]]) 05:48, 18 Ọktoba 2025 (UTC)
:Ana m akwado ya nke ukwuu maka na ọ tozuru ya [[Ojiarụ: Iwuala Chisom|Iwuala Chisom]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:Iwuala Chisom|ṅkátá]]) 08:11, 18 Ọktoba 2025 (UTC)

*Ana m akwado nke a makana ọ bu ihe dị mma. [[User:Senator Choko|&lt;span style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;text-shadow:#009200 0.3em 0.4em 1.0em,#009200 -0.2em -0.2em 1.0em;color:#009200&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Senator Choko&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:Senator Choko|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#ff0000&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Talk&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 21:35, 18 Ọktoba 2025 (UTC)

:A na m akwado nhazi a. Ọ bụ ezigbo arọ  [[Ojiarụ:Epiphanus Jide|Epiphanus Jide]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:Epiphanus Jide|ṅkátá]]) 18:19, 19 Ọktoba 2025 (UTC)

== Will you help us test an updated Databox? ==

''Apologies for posting in English - you can help by translating it''

Hello everyone, recently an update has been made to the [[Module:Databox|Module:Databox]] / [[Template:Databox|Template:Databox]] page with the following changes:

* A Wikidata logo and link to the connected Wikidata Item


* New parameters &lt;code&gt;useImage=&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;excludeProperties=&lt;/code&gt; can be invoked in the source code to give a greater degree of control on what the Databox displays.
** '''&lt;code&gt;useImage=&lt;/code&gt;''' choose a different [[d:Property:P18|image(P18)]] to display in the Databox.&lt;br&gt; Example: &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Databox|useImage=Hubble_Ultra_Deep_Field_part d.jpg}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
** '''&lt;code&gt;excludeParameters=&lt;/code&gt;''' hides selected Properties (and values) in from displaying in the current Databox.&lt;br&gt;Example: &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Databox|excludeProperties=P1290,P66}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;
 

* The parameters can be combined, separated by a pipe |:&lt;br&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;code&gt;Databox|'''useImage='''image_file.jpg|'''excludeProperties='''P123}}&lt;/code&gt;

=== How can you help? ===
Please help us by playing with the new features, adding Databoxes to Articles and using the new parameters (if it is good for the article). Mostly we just want to collect feedback on whether this is a positive change, is useful, interrupts your editing workflows and / or causes any issues or bugs.

Only the first change (Wikidata Logo+Link) will automatically apply to existing Databoxes (may take upto 30 days from this post) or after any edit to a page with a Databox (including null-edits).

The two Parameters will only show if the &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Databox}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; wikitext is edited with the new parameter code.&lt;br&gt;[[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Databox#Changes_to_Databox|Find instructions to do that here]].&lt;br&gt;
Any questions, please feel free to reply here or add them to the [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Databox|Talk page]].&lt;br&gt;
Thank you, - [[Ojiarụ:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|ṅkátá]]) 18:25, 4 Novemba 2025 (UTC) on behalf of the [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects|Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects]] Team

== Invitation to a survey ==

Dear contributors to Wikipedia in Igbo,

Apologies for posting in English! 

My name is Mali, and as a part of my PhD program at the University of Oslo, Norway, I am investigating young language communities from less digitized languages on Wikipedia and other Wikimedia projects.

I have previously spoken to some contributors from the Igbo community, and it has been really interesting. Now I wish to expand my understanding of this community by inviting you to take a survey about your experiences as Wikipedia-editors.  

You find the survey here: https://nettskjema.no/a/577121

The survey should take around 10  minutes. I invite you to write freely about your experiences in the open questions.   

If you complete the survey before the 15&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; of December you have the possibility to win an electronic gift card worth 10 USD. Winners will be contacted directly after the survey. 


Feel free to contact me for further questions, directly on Wiki or on my email malikb@ifi.uio.no

Thank you! [[Ojiarụ:Malikbr|Malikbr]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:Malikbr|ṅkátá]]) 11:49, 9 Disemba 2025 (UTC)

== Ọkwa maka bot flag request ==

Ndewo nnụ 👋

E tinyela m 'bot flag request' maka nnabata onye ohuru na Igbo Wikipedia.
Bot a ga-enye aka nabata ndị ọrụ ọhụrụ ma duzie ha otu ha ga-esi malite itinye aka.
Biko lelee ya ma kesaa echiche unu:
👉[[Wikipedia:Bots/Requests_for_approval/DolphybBot]]

Daalụ 🙏  [[Ojiarụ:Dolphyb|Dolphyb]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Dolphyb|ṅkátá]]) 13:42, 8 Eprel 2026 (UTC)

==  [[User:King ChristLike]] for Bureaucrat nomination ==

E ji m aṅụrị na-ahọpụta [[User:King ChristLike]] maka ọkwa Bureaucrat na ọrụ a.

Dịka onye nchịkwa, o gosipụtara nduzi siri ike, mkpebi ziri ezi, na nkwado maka otu ebe ọ na-akwado ma ndị ndezi ọhụrụ ma ndị ndezi nwere agba. Ọ na-egosipụta nghọta doro anya nke amụma Wikimedia na usoro otu, ekwere m na o nwere iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe na ikike dị mkpa iji jee ozi nke ọma dị ka Bureaucrat.

Eji m obi m niile na-akwado ma na-ahọpụta ya maka ọrụ a.


'''Bekee'''

I am happy to nominate [[User:King ChristLike]] for Bureaucrat on this project.

As an administrator, he has shown strong leadership, sound judgement, and dedication to community growth while supporting both new and experienced editors. He demonstrates a clear understanding of Wikimedia policies and community processes, and I believe he has the integrity and competence needed to serve effectively as a Bureaucrat.

I wholeheartedly support and recommend him for this role. [[Ojiarụ:Tochiprecious|Tochiprecious]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Tochiprecious|ṅkátá]]) 14:21, 1 Mee 2026 (UTC)

:Daalụ @[[Ojiarụ:Tochiprecious|Tochiprecious]] maka ịhọpụta m. Anam anabata ya nke ọma. [[Ojiarụ:King ChristLike|King ChristLike]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:King ChristLike|ṅkátá]]) 16:27, 1 Mee 2026 (UTC)
::I vote in support of this nomination. He has shown a great deal of leadership skills and has a great eye for details. [[Ojiarụ:Vivian Amalachukwu|Vivian Amalachukwu]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Vivian Amalachukwu|ṅkátá]]) 16:43, 1 Mee 2026 (UTC)
::Am also nominating King Christlike for Bureaucrat nomination..he has proven to be a great assist in contributing to the growth of wikipedia not just Igbo wikipedia but wikipedia as a whole [[Ojiarụ:Edozie Ojekwe|Edozie Ojekwe]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Edozie Ojekwe|ṅkátá]]) 16:47, 1 Mee 2026 (UTC)
::I support this nomination because,he is a great leader not only igbo Wikipedia but Wikipedia as whole, he tries his best to see that new people gets the hang of how things are done in Wikipedia [[Ojiarụ:Anastesia chi|Anastesia chi]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Anastesia chi|ṅkátá]]) 09:03, 13 Mee 2026 (UTC)
:Ana m akwado [[User:King ChristLike]], maka ọkwa nke ahọpụtara ya.  [[User:Sayvhior|&lt;span style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;text-shadow:#ffe900 0.3em 0.4em 1.0em,#ffe900 -0.2em -0.2em 1.0em;color:#009200&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Sayvhior&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:Sayvhior|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#ff0000&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Talk&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 16:50, 1 Mee 2026 (UTC)
:Strong Support [[Ojiarụ:Dolphyb|Dolphyb]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Dolphyb|ṅkátá]]) 17:29, 1 Mee 2026 (UTC)
::He has consistently demonstrated excellent leadership, good judgment, and a strong commitment to the growth of the community, while actively supporting both new and experienced contributors. His solid understanding of Wikimedia policies and community procedures, along with his integrity and capability, make him well suited for the Bureaucrat role. I fully endorse and support [[User:King ChristLike]] nomination. [[Ojiarụ:Mbah Victor Chukwuemerie|Mbah Victor Chukwuemerie]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Mbah Victor Chukwuemerie|ṅkátá]]) 17:42, 1 Mee 2026 (UTC)
:User:King ChristLike has demonstrated a high level of competence and reliability in supporting the Igbo Wikimedians community and its project. Granting him the Bureaucrat right will ensure that the impact of his contribution and commitment is reflected across boards. I hereby endorse him for this role. [[Ojiarụ:Chinemeremprince|Chinemeremprince]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Chinemeremprince|ṅkátá]]) 22:15, 1 Mee 2026 (UTC)
:'''Support''' [[Ojiarụ:Wikipedian12512(alt)|Wikipedian12512(alt)]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Wikipedian12512(alt)|ṅkátá]]) 13:02, 2 Jụn 2026 (UTC)
[[User:King ChristLike]] has shown concern and support for the Igbo Wikimedians Community.I hereby give my support to him. [[User:Chiziqa|Chiziqa]]

[[Ojiarụ:Chinemeremprince|Chinemeremprince]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Chinemeremprince|ṅkátá]]) 16:44, 1 Mee 2026 (UTC)

[[Ojiarụ:Philip Emeka|Philip Emeka]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Philip Emeka|ṅkátá]]) I hereby vote in support of [[user:king_ChristLike]] for the bureaucrat nomination. He is good at what he does and I believe he would perform the best if given the opportunity.[[Ojiarụ:Philip Emeka|Philip Emeka]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Philip Emeka|ṅkátá]]) 18:17, 1 Mee 2026 (UTC)

[[User:King ChristLike]] has demonstrated a high level of competence and reliability in supporting the Igbo Wikimedians community and its project. Granting him the Bureaucrat right will ensure that the impact of his contribution and commitment is reflected across boards. I hereby '''endorse''' him for this role.[[Ojiarụ:Lucy Iwuala|Lucy Iwuala]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Lucy Iwuala|ṅkátá]]) 19:56, 1 Mee 2026 (UTC)

His commitment, contributions, teamwork, and willingness to support others in Wikimedia projects makes him a strong and deserving candidate. I strongly vote in support of [[User:King ChristLike]] for the bureaucrat nomination. 
[[Ojiarụ:Sylvaline39 |Sylvaline39]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Sylvaline39|ṅkátá]]) 10:25,1 Mee 2026 (UTC)

[[User:King ChristLike]] Is someone who leads by example. He is hardworking, reliable and always willing to support others. Whether it is in teamwork, leadership, or communication. He has proven time and time again that he have what it takes to serve effectively. I proudly nominate King ChristLike for the bureaucrat nomination.
[[Ojiarụ:Iwuala chisom|Iwuala chisom]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ: Iwuala chisom|ṅkátá]]) 11:14,2 Mee 2026 (UTC)

I am proud to endorse this nomination as [[User:King ChristLike]] has shown and is still on that path of supporting and ensuring that editors do the right thing, the right way. He is also passionate about Open source knowledge and he is duly deserving of this opportunity. [[Ojiarụ:Aminwa 21|Aminwa 21]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Aminwa 21|ṅkátá]]) 22:18, 3 Mee 2026 (UTC)

A true definition of leadership! I strongly endorse [[User:King ChristLike] for this position. [[Ojiarụ: Senator Choko|Senator Choko]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ: Senator Choko|ṅkátá]]) 21:10, 6 Mee 2026 (UTC)

:A na m akwado:@[[Ojiarụ:King ChristLike|King ChristLike]] maka ọkwa a n'ihi na a maara m na ọ ga-emeli ihe dị na ya [[Ojiarụ:Geraldine Kene|Geraldine Kene]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Geraldine Kene|ṅkátá]]) 06:49, 13 Mee 2026 (UTC)

'''Kwado''' — A na m akwado nhọpụta a. [[User:King ChristLike]] na-arụsi ọrụ ike, ghọtakwara iwu ndị ahụ, ma na-ekwurịta okwu nke ọma na obodo Wikimedia ndị ọzọ na ndị editọ. Atụkwasịrị m ya obi na ngwaọrụ bureaucrat. Nke a bụ votu m nye ya. 

'''Support''' — I support this nomination. [[User:King ChristLike]] is active, understands the policies, and communicates well with other wikimedia communities and editors. I trust him with bureaucrat tools. This is a vote for him.
[[Ojiarụ:Emmanuel Obiajulu|Emmanuel Obiajulu]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Emmanuel Obiajulu|ṅkátá]]) 07:17, 13 Mee 2026 (UTC)
*I '''strongly support''' this initiative. More technical hands are needed on the Igbo Wikipedia space which will help tackle alot of pending activities. I look forward to seeing more technical volunteers. --[[Ojiarụ:Olugold|Olugold]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Olugold|ṅkátá]]) 08:30, 13 Mee 2026 (UTC)

*I '''strongly support''' Akwadosiri m nke a ike n'ihi na Maazi Christlike egosila ụdịrị odogwu ọbụ site na mbọ niile ọ na-agba iji kwalite asụsu Igbo.[[Ojiarụ:Oby Ezeilo|Oby Ezeilo]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Oby Ezeilo|ṅkátá]]) 12:05, 14 Mee 2026 (UTC)

== It's Wiki Loves Pride... ==

Tagging some users:

@[[Ojiarụ:Tochiprecious|Tochiprecious]], @[[Ojiarụ:King ChristLike|King ChristLike]], @[[Ojiarụ:Lucy Iwuala|Lucy Iwuala]], @[[Ojiarụ:Oby Ezeilo|Oby Ezeilo]], @[[Ojiarụ:Mbah Victor Chukwuemerie|Mbah Victor Chukwuemerie]], @[[Ojiarụ:Sayvhior|Sayvhior]].


Currently, it is June, which means that it is Wiki Loves Pride month!

Due to this, I think that the ig.wikipedia should spend more of its time on some of the main LBGTQIAP2+ articles, translating them from the en.wikipedia (or another language) including:

Gay

Lesbian

Bisexual

Pride (LBGTQ)

Pride parade

LBGTQ

etc.


Thank you!


&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;sub&gt;Side note: Is there a better translation for LBGTQ in Igbo than just keeping it as is?&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; [[Ojiarụ:Wikipedian12512(alt)|Wikipedian12512(alt)]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Wikipedian12512(alt)|ṅkátá]]) 18:55, 2 Jụn 2026 (UTC)

:@[[Ojiarụ:Wikipedian12512(alt)|Wikipedian12512(alt)]] at the moment, we use it as it is. However, in the context of the various nomenclatures it embodies, we translate according to the context it is being used. [[Ojiarụ:Lucy Iwuala|Lucy Iwuala]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Lucy Iwuala|ṅkátá]]) 00:20, 3 Jụn 2026 (UTC)
:@[[Ojiarụ:Wikipedian12512(alt)|Wikipedian12512(alt)]] yes, we are aware of the Wiki Loves Pride campaign and plan to respond to the call for Nodes. [[Ojiarụ:Lucy Iwuala|Lucy Iwuala]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Lucy Iwuala|ṅkátá]]) 00:21, 3 Jụn 2026 (UTC)
::Okay. I’ll make a short translation now for others to expand upon. [[Ojiarụ:Wikipedian12512|Wikipedian12512]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Wikipedian12512|ṅkátá]]) 01:32, 3 Jụn 2026 (UTC)

== Automated Citation Maintenance Bot  ==

Ndewo umunne. We're proposing to build a bot that automatically detects and fixes common citation and reference errors on the Igbo Wikipedia, thereby improving article quality and reducing manual maintenance. Your feedback and support is highly appreciated. [[Ojiarụ:King ChristLike|King ChristLike]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:King ChristLike|ṅkátá]]) 15:49, 21 Jụn 2026 (UTC)

:Greate idea [[Ojiarụ:Matino183|Matino183]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Matino183|ṅkátá]]) 03:26, 1 Septemba 2026 (UTC)
:Awesome. This will help alot [[Ojiarụ:Kayxiero1|Kayxiero1]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Kayxiero1|ṅkátá]]) 14:22, 4 Septemba 2026 (UTC)

== Igbo Wikipedia dị ka obodo nnwale maka Abstract Wikipedia ==

Ndewo nu ndi Igbo Wikipedia.

Ndị otu Abstract Wikipedia na Wikifunctions ga-achọ ka ha na Wikipedia rụkọ ọrụ dịka otu nnwale

Abstract Wikipedia bụ ngwa ọrụ Wikimedia ọhụrụ ezubere imepụta akụkọ nwere asụsụ onwe ya. Enwere ike ịtụgharị ndị a na-akpaghị aka n'ọtụtụ asụsụ site na iji Wikifunctions. Nke a ga-enyere anyị aka itolite ọdịnaya ngwa ngwa na oghere ihe ọmụmụ dị nso, n'ihi na otu a ejirila Lexemes na Wikifunctions arụ ọrụ, nke bụ isi nke Abstract Wikipedia.

Anyị na-achọ nzaghachị na nkwado:

1. Ị na-akwado Igbo Wikipedia isonye dịka otu nnwale n'ebe Wikipedia Abstract nọ?

2. I nwere nchegbu ọ bụla ma ọ bụ aro?

3. Ị ga-esonye n'ọgbakọ ụlọ ọrụ ma ọ bụ ọzụzụ n'akụkụ nke a? 


Daalụ maka ntinye aka gị.


&gt;&gt; English 


Hello Igbo Wikipedians.

The Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions teams would like to work with Igbo Wikipedia as a pilot community.

Abstract Wikipedia is a new Wikimedia project aimed at creating language-independent articles. These can be automatically rendered into many languages using Wikifunctions. This will help us grow content faster and close knowledge gaps, because the community is already active with Lexemes and Wikifunctions, which are the core of Abstract Wikipedia.

We are seeking feedback and approval:

1. Do you support Igbo Wikipedia joining as a pilot community for Abstract Wikipedia?

2. Do you have any concerns or suggestions?

3. Would you join a capacity building workshop or training session in this regard? 


Thank you for your contribution. [[Ojiarụ:King ChristLike|King ChristLike]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:King ChristLike|ṅkátá]]) 21:11, 27 Ọgọọst 2026 (UTC)

:@[[Ojiarụ:King ChristLike|King ChristLike]] Daalụ maka iwetere anyị ozi a, daalụkwa unu nye ndị otu Abstract Wikipedia maka ịchọ ka anyị rụkọọ ọrụ a. Nke a kwekọrọ na atụmatụ nke otu ndị ọrụ Wikimedians nke Igbo nke e mere iji mechie oghere ihe ọmụma. Ana m atụ anya ọgbakọ iwuli ikike na otu ọ ga-esi kwado otu anyị ka o too ọdịnaya ngwa ngwa na nke ziri ezi. Ana m akwado nke a.  [[Ojiarụ:Lucy Iwuala|Lucy Iwuala]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Lucy Iwuala|ṅkátá]]) 12:22, 28 Ọgọọst 2026 (UTC)

This is a great privilege for our community to join the pilot, I am available for capacity building workshop.  [[Ojiarụ:Macocobovi|Macocobovi]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Lucy Iwuala|ṅkátá]]) 11:08, 31 Ọgọọst 2026 (UTC)

I support this move. This will be a great opportunity for the Igbo Wikimedians Community, I will definitely join the training. [[Ojiarụ:Ogalihillary|Ogalihillary]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Ogalihillary|ṅkátá]]) 22:06, 7 Septemba 2026 (UTC)

I welcome this proposal, and I will be glad to join the capacity building workshop. [[Ojiarụ: Wayit|Wayit]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ: Wayit|ṅkátá]]) 16:21, 8 Septemba 2026 (UTC+1)

This is a very nice idea, what a wonderful privileged,I can't wait to take part in the capacity building workshop. [[Ojiarụ: Naanalong Dorcas Dakyap|Naanalong Dorcas Dakyap]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ: Naanalong Dorcas Dakyap|ṅkátá]]) 16:28, 9 Septemba 2026 (UTC+1)

== Acceptance of the collaboration  ==

This is a good idea and I will be part of the capacity building workshop on this regard  [[Ojiarụ:Obasi Ogbeyialu Precious|Obasi Ogbeyialu Precious]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Obasi Ogbeyialu Precious|ṅkátá]]) 12:34, 28 Ọgọọst 2026 (UTC)

== I support  ==

I support Igbo Wikipedia joining the Abstract Wikipedia pilot. I believe it will help expand Igbo content and close knowledge gaps. I would also be interested in participating in the capacity-building workshop or training.
Thank you for the opportunity. [[Ojiarụ:Menetie1|Menetie1]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Menetie1|ṅkátá]]) 11:23, 3 Septemba 2026 (UTC)

== Edit Wikidata Items on mobile devices (Turn on beta in your Preferences settings) ==
''(Apologies for typing in English)''

Did you know that you can edit any Wikidata statement directly from your mobile device, just like on desktop?

Since April 2026 all datatypes are now supported for mobile editing. To try it out, make sure the beta feature is still enabled in your Preferences ([https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures Beta features] --&gt; &quot;Edit Wikidata Items on mobile devices&quot;). Then visit any Item on your mobile.

Please test it and share your feedback while it's still in beta, so we can refine it for you before it goes live in the coming weeks. If you run into issues or have feedback, please share it on the project talk page: [[d:Wikidata talk:Usability and usefulness/Item editing experience/Mobile editing of statements|Mobile editing of statements]].

Happy editing on mobile.
--[[Ojiarụ:Zita Zage (WMDE)|Zita Zage (WMDE)]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Zita Zage (WMDE)|ṅkátá]]) 10:24, 5 Ọktoba 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>9m7hdzsa69k6dn6qsjsjefgwopxrnuy</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7437</id>
    <revision>
      <id>734887</id>
      <parentid>727395</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-04T22:29:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>SafariScribe</username>
        <id>18560</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Wepụrụ mgbanwe [[Special:Diff/727395|727395]] nke [[Special:Contributions/Ifenomenal|Ifenomenal]] ([[User talk:Ifenomenal|talk]]) mere; Wikidata is an unreliable source.</comment>
      <origin>734887</origin>
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      <text bytes="156539" sha1="pz3kfixxcj6qc257zm2ya2pliobux7j" xml:space="preserve">[[Usòrò:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie (2015).png|thumb|Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie]]
'''Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie''' ({{Audio|Ig-Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie.ogg|Audio}}; 15 September 1977) bụ onye odee akwụkwọ si na mba [[Nigeria]].

Amuru Adichie na obodo [[Enugu]]. Ọ gara akwụkwọ na [[Mahadum nke Nigeria]]. N'ebe ahụ, oji otu afọ na ọkara wee gụọ akwụkwọ gbasara ọgwụ. Ọ hapụrụ mba Naijiria gaba mba [[Amerika]] mgbe odi afo iri na-iteghete. Na mba Amerika, o bidoro akwụkwo na [[Drexel University]] nke di na [[Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania]]. Site n'ebe ahụ, ọgụkwara na [[Eastern Connecticut State University]], [[Johns Hopkins University]], na [[Yale University]].

Ọtụtụ n'ime akwụkwọ Adichie degara nwere ngalaba obibi na [[Nsukka]] ebe azulitere ya na ntakiri. Ọbụ mgbe ọ na agụ akwụkwọ na mahadum ka obidoro debe akwụkwo. Ọ buru ụzọ dee akwukwo abụ ana-akpọ ''Decisions'' n'afọ 1997, nke n'eso ya bụ ''For Love of Biafra'' n'afọ 1998. Ọ turu ugo na mmara ndị mmadu mgbe ọdechara akwụkwọ akụkọ izizi ya bụ ''[[Purple Hibiscus]]''. Adichie akpọla [[Chinua Achebe]] na [[Buchi Emecheta]] ndị ndu ya na ihe odide. Ihe ndị odegoro gbasara ukwu na ndọrọ ndọrọ jikọtara ndị ọcha na ndị ojii okachasi site na [[Ndị Igbo|ala Igbo]].

Adichie ma ekwu okwu ọha. Ọnyekwala ọtụtụ okwu mmechi na mmeghe akwụkwo mahadum di iche iche nke gụnyere [[Williams College]] (2017), [[Harvard University]] (2018), na [[American University]] (2019). Ọnyere okwu ndị [[TEDx]] ana-akpọ &quot;The Danger of a Single Story&quot; n'afọ 2009 ya na &quot;We Should All Be Feminists&quot; n'afọ 2012. Ụfọdụ okwu ya ka onye na ede ma na eto egwu [[Beyoncé]] tinyere na egwu ya akpọrọ ''Flawless''. Adichie atụrụla ọtụtụ ugo na ngalaba ịgụ akwụkwọ na ide akwụkwọ dịka [[MacArthur Fellowship]] n'afọ 2008 ma nnabata na otu ndị [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]] n'afọ 2017.

== Ndụ na mmalite ==
Aha enyere Adichie mgbe amụrụ ya bụ aha bekee Grace.&lt;ref name=&quot;punchng&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |last=Olonilua |first=Ademola |date=2 January 2021 |title=ICYMI: My parents did not name me Chimamanda, says author, Adichie |url=https://punchng.com/my-parents-did-not-name-me-chimamanda-says-author-adichie/ |access-date=25 March 2025 |newspaper=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Amụrụ ya na 15 September n'afọ 1977 dika nwatakịrị nke ise na obodo [[Enugu]] nke Nigeria. Nne na nna ya bu [[ndi Igbo]].{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}}{{sfn|Akinyoade|2021}} Nna ya bụ [[James Nwoye Adichie]] onye Abba, obodo nke di na ora [[Anambra]]. Nne ya bụ Grace Odigwe, onye [[Umunnachi]].{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}} Nna ya gụrụ mathematics na mahadum ana-akpọ [[University College, Ibadan]] ma tupu ọgụchaa akwụkwọ n'afọ 1957, ọ nụrụ Grace na 15 April n'afọ 1963,{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}} wee kpọrọ ya jee [[Berkeley, California|Berkeley]] ebe ọgụrụ akwụkwọ maka ngalaba PhD na [[University of California|Mahadum nke Kalifornia]].{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Mgbe ha nọ na mba Amerika, nne na nna Adichie mụtara ụmụaka nwaanyị abuo: ljeoma Rosemary na Uchenna.{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}} Nna ya lotara mba Nigeria ma bido ọrụ nkụzi na [[University of Nigeria, Nsukka|Mahadum nke Naijiria]] n'afo 1966.{{sfn|''The Sun''|2020}} Nne ya bidoro akwụkwọ mahadum nke ya n'afọ 1964 na [[Merritt College]] nke di na [[Oakland, California|Oakland]], California ebe ọ nwetara ngalaba na agụmakwụkwọ sociology mechakwaa nwetakwa ngalaba anthropology nke sitere na Mahadum nke Naijiria.{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}}{{sfn|Martin|2014}}

Mgbe [[Agha Biafra]] bidoro n'afọ 1967, nna Adichie malitere ịrụ ọrụ na Biafran Manpower Directorate nke bu ụlọ ọrụ [[Biafra]].{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Nne na nna ukwu Adichie nwụrụ na agha ahu.{{sfn|Adichie|2006}} Mgbe agha ahu kwụsịrị n'afọ 1970, nna ya laghachiri na Mahadum nke Naijiria,{{sfn|''The Sun''|2020}}{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} ebe nne ya, onye ruru ọrụ na Enugu wee rue afọ 1973, bia bụrụ onye ọrụ na ndị isi ebe ahu; ọ mechara bụrụ [[Registrar (education)|registrar]] ma burukwa onye izi bu nwaanyị malitere ya bu ọrụ.{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}}{{sfn|Martin|2014}} Adichie nọrọ n'ụlọ obibi Mahadum nke Naijiria, n'ụlọ odee akwụkwọ bụ [[Chinua Achebe]] biri ikpeazụ.{{sfn|Murray|2007}} Umunne ya bụ Ijeoma Rosemary, Uchenna &quot;Uche&quot;, Chukwunweike &quot;Chuks&quot;, Okechukwu &quot;Okey&quot;, na Kenechukwu &quot;Kene&quot;.{{sfn|Anya|2005}}{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}}

Dika nwatakịrị, Adichie gụrụ naanị akwụkwọ akụkọ edere na-asụsụ bekee ọ kachasị nke [[Enid Blyton]].{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Akwukwo ndị ọzọ ọgụrụ dika nwatakịrị gụnyere akwụkwọ ebe ndị akoro akụkọ ha bụ ndị ọcha, ma nwee anya na-acha anụnụ anụnụ. Ha niile bu maka mba Britain.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}}{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} Mgbe o ruru afọ iri, ọ chọpụtara n'onwe ya akụkọ gbasara ndị [[Afrịka]]. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ dịka ''[[Things Fall Apart]]'' nke Chinua Achebe,{{sfn|Murray|2007}} ''[[The African Child]]'' nke [[Camara Laye]],{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} ''[[Weep Not, Child]]'' nke [[Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o]] dere, na ''[[The Joys of Motherhood]]'' nke [[Buchi Emecheta]] dere.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} N'afọ iri na atọ ejiri mụọ ya, Adichie bidoro ịgụ akwụkwọ akụkọ nna ya degara gbasara [[Biafra]]. Na njem ha na eje kwa afọ na obodo ha bụ Abba, ọ hụgara ụlọ gbachara ọkụ na mkpụrụ egbe gbachara nchara jupụtara na ala; ihe niile a bụ ihe ga enyere ya aka iji dee ụfọdụ akwụkwọ akụkọ ya.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}}

Na nnata Sakramenti nke Nkwenye ana akpọ Konfameshọn na ụka Katoliki, Adichie zara Amanda. Ọbụ aha ahu k'ọzara n'akwụkwọ ya ndi mbu.&lt;ref name=&quot;punchng&quot;/&gt;{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}}{{sfn|Anya|2005}} N'agụmakwụkwọ ya, a kụziiri Adichie ihe n'asụsụ Igbo ya na Bekee.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}} Ọ bụ ezie na asụsụ Igbo abụghị ihe a ma ama, ọ gara n'ihu na-amụ asụsụ ahụ n'oge niile ọ nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Ọ gụchara akwụkwọ sekọndrị ya n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na Mahadum Nigeria, wee nweta akara ugo mmụta kacha elu nke sitere na otu [[West African Examinations Council]] (WAEC){{sfn|Anya|2005}} na ihe nrite agụmakwụkwọ.{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}} A nabatara ya na Mahadum nke Nigeria, ebe ọ gụrụ ọgwụ na ọrụ ọgwụ (medicine and pharmacy) ruo otu afọ na ọkara.{{sfn|Agbo|2018b}} Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ maka ''The Compass'', nke bu magazin mahadum nke ụmụ akwụkwọ na-elekọta.{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} N'afọ 1997, mgbe ọ dị afọ 19, Adichie bipụtara ''Decisions'', nke bu nchịkọta uri, ma mesịa kwaga United States,{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} ka ọ gụọ maka ọmụmụ gbasara nkwukọrịta (Mass communications) na [[Drexel University]] dị na [[Philadelphia]], Pennsylvania.{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}}{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} N'afọ 1998, o dere egwuregwu a na-akpọ ''For Love of Biafra'', nke bụ mbọ mbụ o gbara iji nyochaa isiokwu gbasara agha.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} E dere ọrụ ndị a mbụ n'okpuru aha bụ́ Amanda N. Adichie.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}}

Afọ abụọ ka ọ kwagara United States, ọ gbanwere gaa [[Eastern Connecticut State University]] dị na [[Willimantic, Connecticut]], ebe ya na nwanne ya nwanyị bụ Ijeoma, onye nke bụkwa dọkịta, bi.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}} N'afọ 2000, Adichie bipụtara obere akụkọ ya akpọrọ &quot;My Mother, the Crazy African&quot;,{{sfn|Adichie|2000}} nke na-atụle nsogbu ndị na-ebilite mgbe mmadụ na-ebi n'etiti omenala abụọ dị nnọọ iche n'ebe ibe ha nọ.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|pages=297–298}} Mgbe ọ gụchara nzere mbụ ya na mahadum, ọ gara n'ihu n'ọmụmụ ihe ya ma na-achụkwa ọrụ ide ihe n'otu oge ahụ.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} Mgbe ọ nọ n'afọ ikpeazụ ya na Eastern Connecticut, ọ na-ede edemede maka akwụkwọ akụkọ mahadum ahụ bụ ''Campus Lantern.''{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} Ọ nwetara nzere bachelọ ya n'ọkwa kachasị elu (nke a maara dị ka ''[[summa cum laude]]'') na ngalaba sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ya na ngalaba nkwukọrịta dị ka obere ngalaba ọmụmụ, n'afọ 2001.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} Ọ nwetara nzere mastas na ide akụkọ ifo (creative writing) site na [[Johns Hopkins University]] n'afọ 2003,{{sfn|Braimah|2018}}{{sfn|Krieger|2015}} ma n'ime afọ abụọ sochirinụ, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka Hodder Fellow na [[Princeton University]], ebe ọ kụziri ihe gbasara mmalite ide akụkọ ifo.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}}{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}} Ọ malitere ọmụmụ ihe na [[Yale University]], ma gụchaa nzere mastas nke abụọ na ngalaba ọmụmụ gbasara Afrịka (African studies) n'afọ 2008.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} N'otu afọ ahụ, Adichie nwetara onyinye [[MacArthur Fellowship]],{{sfn|Irvine|2008}} tinyere ihe nrite agụmakwụkwọ ndị ọzọ, gụnyere ohere mmemme [[Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University]] maka afọ 2011–2012.{{sfn|Okachie|2011}}

== Ọrụ ==
===2003: Mmalite odide akwụkwọ na mbipụta izizi===
Mgbe ọ na-agụ akwụkwọ na mba Amerịka, Adichie malitere odide akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya, ''[[Purple Hibiscus]]''. {{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} mgbe ọ dechara ya, ozigara akwụkwọ edemede ya nye ụlọ ọrụ mbipụta akwụkwọ na ndị na-ede akwụkwọ, ndị jụrụ ya ma ọ bụ rịọ ya ka ọ gbanwee ọnọdụ akwụkwọ ahụ site na Afrịka gaa na Amerịka, ka o wee mee ka ọ mara ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ nke ọma. N'ikpeazụ, Djana Pearson Morris, onye nnọchi anya odee akwụkwọ n'ihu ndị mbiputa akwụkwọ na-arụ ọrụ na Pearson Morris na Belt Literary Management, nabatara akwụkwọ edemede ahụ.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Ọ bụ ezie na Morris ghọtara na ahịa ga-esiri ike ebe Adichie bụ onye ojii mana ọ bụghị onye Africa-America ma ọ bụ onye Caribbean, o nyefere ya ndị mbipụta akwụkwọ ahụ ruo mgbe [[Algonquin Books]], obere ụlọ ọrụ nọọrọ onwe ya, nabatara ma bipụta ya na 2003. Na 2004, [[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ na United Kingdom, ebe [[Kachifo Limited]] bipụtara ya na Naịjirịa.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2018}} N'oge ahụ, Adichie were onye nnọchi anya akwụkwọ Sarah Chalfant nke [[Andrew Wylie (onye nnọchi anya akwụkwọ)|Wylie Agency]] ka ọ nọchite anya ya. Atụgharịala ''Purple Hibiscus'' n'ihe karịrị asụsụ iri anọ.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}}

===2006–2012: mbipụta akwụkwọ akụkọ nke abụọ na atọ===
Mgbe akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya gasịrị, Adichie malitere ide nke abụọ ya ''[[Half of a Yellow Sun]]'', nke ọ rụrụ ọrụ na ya ruo afọ anọ. N'ihi na akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ gbasaara [[agha Biafra]],{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}{{sfn|McGrath|2006}} Adichie jiri akụkọ nna ya gbasara ya bu agha, tinyere ịgụ akwụkwọ ndị ọzọ nke gụnyere akwụkwọ akụkọ [[Buchi Emecheta]] nke afọ 1982 nke ana-akpọ ''[[Ebe Biafra Na-aga]]''.{{sfn|McGrath|2006}}{{sfn|Busby|2017}} E bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ n'afọ 2006 site n'aka [[Vintage Books|Anchor Books]], akara azụmaahịa nke [[Alfred A. Knopf]], onye wepụtakwara akwụkwọ ahụ n'okpuru akara Vintage nke di na Kanada. E bipụtara ya ọzọkwa na mba France dịka {{lang|fr|L'autre moitié du soleil}} n'afọ 2008 site n'aka [[Éditions Gallimard]].{{sfn|Madueke|2019|page=49}}

Mgbe ọ na-emecha mmemme Hodder na MacArthur n'afọ 2008, Adichie malitere ịchịkọta akụkọ ndị dị mkpirikpi o bipụtalarị na magazin dị iche iche.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Akụkọ iri na abụọ ka chịkọtara n'akwụkwọ nke atọ ya na nchịkọta akụkọ obere akụkọ mbụ ya, ''[[The Thing Around Your Neck]]'', nke Knopf bipụtara n'afọ 2009.{{sfn|''Kirkus Reviews''|2009}} N'otu afọ ahụ, o nyere nkuzi ndi [[TED (conference)|TED]] nke akpọrọ &quot;[[The Dangers of a Single Story]]&quot;.{{sfn|Wagner|2015}}

Na 15 Maachị 2012, Adichie ghọrọ onye kacha nta n'ime ndị kacha nta n'ime [[Commonwealth Foundation|Commonwealth Lecture]].{{sfn|Calkin|2013}}{{sfn|Stephen-David|2013}} E mere ihe ngosi a na [[Guildhall, London|Guildhall]] na London, na-ekwu maka isiokwu bụ &quot;Ịjikọ Omenala&quot;.{{sfn|Stephen-David|2013}} Na 2012 kwa, o kwuru okwu isiokwu ya bụ &quot;[[Anyị Kwesịrị Ịbụ Ndị Na-eme Ihe n'Ụzọ Ụmụ Nwanyị (okwu)|Anyị Kwesịrị Ịbụ Ndị Na-eme Ihe n'Ụzọ Ụmụ Nwanyị]]&quot; maka TEDxEuston na London.{{sfn|Wagner|2015}}{{sfn|Behrmann|2017|p=316}}

===2013–2019: ''Americanah'' na ''Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions''===
[[File:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie at a signing in Berlin, Germany on 16 May 2014 (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|alt=Nwanyị nọ ọdụ n'oche na-abịanye aka n'akwụkwọ, gbara ya gburugburu site na ìgwè mmadụ ndị ọzọ|Adichie n'oge ịgụ na ịbị aka n'akwụkwọ ọrụ ya ''[[Americanah]]'' na [[Berlin]], Germany (2014)]]
Akwụkwọ akụkọ nke atọ Adichie dere by ''[[Americanah]]'' nke e bipụtara na 14 Mee n'afọ 2013 site n'aka Alfred A. Knopf.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} E bipụtara ya na France site n'aka [[Éditions Gallimard]] na 2015.{{sfn|''France 24''|2015}} Ọ bụ onye edemede nleta na [[Mahadum Michigan–Flint]] na 2014. Usoro nleta ndị edemede Afrịka a ma ama/Ndị nka Afrịka na ndị Africa bi na mba ọzọ chọrọ ka ọ soro ụmụ akwụkwọ na ndị nkuzi si ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na mahadum, ndị na-akwado ọbá akwụkwọ ọha na eze dị n'ógbè ahụ, na obodo ahụ dum na mkparịta ụka, ogbako, na nkuzi ndị tụlere ''Purple Hibiscus'', ''Americanah'', na ahụmịhe ide ihe nkeonwe ya. E tinyere obere ihe nkiri sitere na okwu ya bụ &quot;Ihe Ize Ndụ nke Akụkọ Otu&quot; na &quot;Anyị Kwesịrị Ịbụ Ndị Na-eme Ihe Ike n'Ụmụ Nwanyị&quot; n'ụfọdụ ihe omume ma kparịta ya n'isiokwu ajụjụ na azịza mgbe e mechara ihe ngosi ya dị iche iche.{{sfn|Ememyonu|2017|p=3}}

Na 2015, Adichie kwuru okwu mmalite maka [[Wellesley College]].{{sfn|Anasuya|2015}} O so hazie [[PEN World Voices|PEN World Voices Festival of International Literature]] nke 2015 na New York City, ya na onye nduzi ememme ahụ bụ Laszlo Jakab Orsos.{{sfn|Lee|2015}}{{sfn|Sefa-Boakye|2015}} O mechiri emume ahụ site na nkuzi ya bụ &quot;Arthur Miller Freedom to Write&quot; gbasara mmachibido iwu na mmegide megide ikpe na-ezighị ezi.{{sfn|Lee|2015}}

N'afọ 2015, Adichie dere ozi email nye enyi ya ma mechaa tinye ya na [[Facebook]] na 2016. Okwu ndị e kwuru gbasara post ahụ mere ka o kweta ịtụgharị post ahụ ka ọ bụrụ akwụkwọ, ''[[Dear Ijeawele, ma ọ bụ A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions]]'',{{sfn|Greenberg|2017}} nke e bipụtara na 2017.{{sfn|Bhuta|2018|p=319}} Na 2016, [[BBC]] kpọrọ ya ka ọ bịa na ''[[Newsnight]]'' ma kwuo echiche ya gbasara ntuli aka nke [[Donald Trump]] nke 2016]. Mgbe ọ rutere na studio ahụ, a gwara ya na usoro ahụ ga-abụ arụmụka n'etiti ya na [[R. Emmett Tyrrell, Jr.]], onye na-akwado Trump na [[onye nchịkọta akụkọ]] nke ''[[The American Spectator]]'', magazin nchekwa.{{sfn|Pearce|2017}}{{sfn|Cain|2016}} Mgbe ọ chọrọ ịpụ na ajụjụ ọnụ ahụ, o kpebiri ịga n'ihu n'ihi na ọ chọrọ ịtụle echiche ya gbasara otu enweghị ikike akụ na ụba si mee ka Trump merie.{{sfn|Pearce|2017}} Arụmụka ahụ ghọrọ ihe mmegide mgbe Tyrrell kwuru, sị: &quot;Anaghị m azaghachi mmetụta uche dị ka nwanyị a,&quot;{{sfn|Cain|2016}} wee kwupụta na &quot;Trump abụghị onye ịkpa ókè agbụrụ&quot;.{{sfn|''Mgbọrọgwụ''|2016}} Adichie jụrụ okwu ya, dịka ọmụmaatụ na-ezo aka na nkwupụta Trump na Onyeikpe [[Gonzalo P. Curiel]] enweghị ike ịnọ n'ihu n'okwu ahụ ''[[Trump Mahadum#Low megide Mahadum Trump, LLC|Low megide Mahadum Trump]]'' n'ihi ihe nketa ya na Mexico.{{sfn |''Mkpọrọgwụ''|2016}} Mgbe arụmụka ahụ gasịrị, o dere na ibe Facebook ya na ọ dị ya ka BBC na-eche ya ihu, na ha &quot;ji aghụghọ [na-agba ya] megide onye na-akwado Trump&quot; iji mepụta ntụrụndụ mmegide. Na nzaghachi, BBC rịọrọ mgbaghara maka ịghara ịgwa ya ụdị ajụjụ ọnụ ahụ, mana o kwuru na ha chepụtara mmemme ahụ iji nye echiche ziri ezi.{{sfn|Cain|2016}}

[[Faịlụ:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie 2020 (cropped).jpg|alt=Nwanyị guzoro n'elu ikpo okwu. E nwere mbadamba ihe n'elu ikpo okwu ebe ọ na-agụ ihe.|left|thumb|Adichie n'elu ikpo okwu onye na-ekwu okwu n'oge {{ill|Congreso Futuro|es}}, [[Santiago]], Chile, na 2020]]
Adichie kwuru okwu Eudora Welty nke abụọ kwa afọ na 8 Nọvemba 2017 na [[Lincoln Theatre (Washington, D.C.)|Lincoln Theatre]] na Washington, D.C.{{sfn|Luckett|2018|p=155}} N'afọ ahụ, o kwukwara okwu na nnọkọ mba ofesi nke e mere na Mahadum Johns Hopkins gbasara adịghị ike nke olileanya n'ihu ọnọdụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị dị ugbu a.{{sfn|Pearce|2017}} Adichie na [[Hillary Clinton]] kwuru okwu PEN World Voices Festival nke 2018, Arthur Miller Freedom to Write Lecture na [[Cooper Union]] na Manhattan. Ọ bụ ezie na okwu a lekwasịrị anya n'ihe gbasara ụmụ nwanyị na nnyocha, ajụjụ Adichie mere gbasara ihe mere profaịlụ Clinton [[Twitter]] ji malite site na &quot;nwunye&quot; kama ihe ndị o mere ghọrọ isi ihe ndị mgbasa ozi na-elekwasị anya, {{sfn|Abimbola|2018}}{{sfn|Grady|2018}}{{sfn|Adebayo|2018}} kpaliri Clinton ịgbanwe akụkọ ndụ ya na Twitter.{{sfn|Adebayo|2018}} Mgbe e mesịrị n'afọ ahụ, o kwuru okwu na [[Frankfurt Book Fair]] na Germany gbasara imebi usoro nke na-eme ka olu ụmụ nwanyị ghara ịdị mma.{{sfn|Saeed|2018}} Na 2019, dịka akụkụ nke usoro nkuzi nke Chancellor, o kwuru okwu &quot;Onye edemede, onye na-eche echiche, onye na-achọ ihe: onye na-egosi ndụ&quot; na Langford Auditorium nke [[Vanderbilt University]]. Okwu ahụ lekwasịrị anya n'ọganihu ya dịka onye na-akọ akụkọ, na ihe kpatara ya ji emeso enweghị nha anya n'usoro iji mepụta ụwa nke na-agụnye mmadụ niile.{{sfn|Gonçalves|2019}} Adichie abụrụla onye isi okwu n'ọtụtụ ogbako ụwa.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|pp=218–219}} Na 2018, o kwuru okwu na Mgbakọ Mba Nile nke Igbo nke asaa kwa afọ.{{sfn|Ekpo|2018}} O kwuru okwu na Mgbakọ Ọrụ Ndị Mmadụ nke Hilton nke [[Conrad N. Hilton Foundation]] na 2019.{{sfn|Rios|2019}} O kwuru okwu gbasara ime ihe ike na nkuzi Gabriel García Márquez nke mbụ na [[Cartagena, Colombia]] n'otu afọ ahụ.{{sfn|Rojas|2019}} Adichie bụ onye Afrịka mbụ kwuru okwu na Ụbọchị Klas nke [[Yale University]], ebe o kwuru okwu nkuzi n'afọ 2019.{{sfn|''Vanguard''|2019}}

===2020–ugbu a: Mbipụta akwụkwọ ụmụaka, mgbasa ọrụ===
Na 2020, Adichie bipụtara &quot;Zikora&quot;, akụkọ dị mkpirikpi gbasara mmekọahụ na ịbụ nne na-alụbeghị di,{{sfn|Law|2020}} na edemede akpọrọ &quot;Ndetu na Iru újú&quot; na ''[[The New Yorker]]'', mgbe nna ya nwụsịrị. O gbasaa edemede ahụ ka ọ bụrụ [[Ndetu gbasara mwute|akwụkwọ nke otu aha ahụ]] nke [[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] bipụtara n'afọ sochirinụ.{{sfn|Iju Mmiri|2021a}}{{sfn|Lozada|2021}} N'afọ 2020, Adichie bipụtara ''[[We Should All Be Feminists]]'' na mbipụta maka ụmụaka, nke Leire Salaberria sere.{{sfn|''Diario de Sevilla''|2020}} E nyere ikike maka ntụgharị ya maka mbipụta na asụsụ Croatian, French, Korean, Portuguese, na Spanish.{{sfn|''Foreign Rights Catalog''|2021|p=109}} O kwuru okwu isi okwu na 2020 {{ill|Congreso Futuro|es}} (Ọgbakọ Ọdịnihu) na [[Santiago]], Chile.{{sfn|Espinoza Cárdenas|2020}} Ọ bụ onye isi okwu n'emume akwụkwọ mba ụwa nke Reykjavik nke afọ 2021 nke emere na sinima {{lang|is|Háskólbíó}} na [[Mahadum nke Iceland]], ma kwuo okwu ahụ bụ &quot;In Pursuit of Joy: On Storytelling, Feminism, and Changing My Mind&quot;.{{sfn|''RIKK''|2021}} Na 30 Nọvemba 2022, Adichie kwuru okwu mbụ n'ime [[BBC]] nke afọ 2022 [[Reith Lectures]], nke sitere n'okwu [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] nke &quot;[[Four Freedoms]]&quot; kpaliri.{{sfn|BBC Radio|2022}}

Adichie ji otu afọ na ọkara rụọ ọrụ n'akwụkwọ mbụ ya nke ụmụ ya, ''[[Mama's Sleeping Scarf]]'', nke e dere na 2019 ma bipụta ya na 2023 site na ya. [[HarperCollins]] n'okpuru aha njirimara &quot;Nwa Grace na James&quot;.{{efn|Aha njirimara &quot;Nwa Grace na James&quot; bụ nraranye Adichie nyere ndị mụrụ ya, dịka Nwa pụtara &quot;child&quot; n'asụsụ bekee.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2022}}{{sfn|Ibeh|2022}}}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2022}} Ihe osise maka akwụkwọ a bụ nke Joelle Avelino, onye di mba Congo na Angola.{{sfn|Ibeh|2022}} N'afọ 2025, Adichie bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ ''[[Dream Count]]'', nke bụ akụkọ gbasara ụmụ nwanyị anọ si Africa, bụ ndị ndụ ha na-ejikọta ọnụ ka ha na-eche ihu ịhụnanya, mfu, na ntachi obi n'ofe Naịjirịa na Amerịka.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Cummins |first=Anthony |date=2 Maachị 2025 |title=Dream Count nke Chimamanda Ngozi Nyocha Adichie - mkparịta ụka doro anya na ndị enyi |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/mar/02/dream-count-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-review-candid-conversations-with-friends |access-date=8 Maachị 2025 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe ewepụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ a, Adichie malitere njem nleta ụlọ na Naịjirịa, yana mmemme ndị dị mkpa emere na Lagos (June 27), Abuja (Julaị 3), na Enugu (Julaị 5).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-08-05 |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Njem Nrọ Adichie nke Ịlaghachi n'Ụlọ: Akwụkwọ Akụkọ Foto |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2025/08/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-dream-count-homecoming-tour-a-photo-diary/ |access-date=2026-07-07 |website=Brittle Paper |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dịka akụkụ nke njem ya, Adichie jere ozi dị ka ọkà okwu dị mkpa na [[Things Fall Apart Festival]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Egbejule |first=Eromo |last2=Chijioke |first2=Arinze |date=2025-07-09 |title=‘Anyị ga-adị n'otu’: Mkpu Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie na emume akwụkwọ Naịjirịa |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/jul/09/we-must-unite-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-nigerian-literature-festival-igbo-culture |access-date=2026-07-07 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Adeduyite |first=Okiki |date=2025-05-14 |title=Chimamanda Adichie ga-abụ isi okwu maka emume Things Fall Apart nke 2025 na Enugu |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-to-headline-2025-things-fall-apart-festival-in-enugu/ |access-date=2026-07-07 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ụdị na isiokwu ==
=== Ụdị ide ihe ===
Adichie ji ma Igbo ma Bekee mee ihe n'ọrụ ya,{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|pages=73–74}} yana ahịrịokwu Igbo e gosiri na italics, wee soro ya na ntụgharị Bekee.{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|page=78}} Ọ na-eji ihe atụ iji kpalite ahụmịhe mmetụta uche,{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=296}} dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọbịbịa nke eze iji maa ndị ọchịchị na ndị ndú okpukpe aka na ''Purple Hibiscus'' na-anọchite anya [[Palm Sunday]].{{sfn|Dube|2019|page=225}} Ojiji ya nke asụsụ na-ezo aka na ''[[Things Fall Apart]]'' nke Achebe na-akpọku ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ ya ncheta ọrụ ya.{{sfn|Dube|2019|pages=226–227}} N'otu aka ahụ, aha Kambili, agwa dị na ''Purple Hibiscus'', na-akpọ &quot;{{lang|ig|i biri ka m biri}}&quot; (&quot;Dị Ndụ ma Ka Ndụ&quot;), aha egwu nke onye egwu Igbo [[Oliver De Coque]].{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=7}} Iji kọwaa ọnọdụ tupu agha na mgbe agha gasịrị, ọ na-esi n'ezi ihe gaa n'ọkacha njọ dịka a hụrụ na ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', ebe otu n'ime ndị agwa ya malitere site n'imepe friji wee hụ oroma, biya, na &quot;ọkụkọ na-egbuke egbuke&quot;. Ndị a dị iche na nke e mesịrị na akwụkwọ akụkọ ebe otu n'ime ndị agwa ya nwụrụ n'ihi agụụ, a manyekwara ndị ọzọ iri àkwá na ngwere ntụ ntụ.{{sfn|Mbah|2015|page=352}} Adichie na-ejikarị ebe ndị dị adị na ndị ama ama akụkọ ihe mere eme dọta ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ n'akụkọ ya.{{sfn|Ejikeme|2017|p=312}}

N'ịmepụta agwa, Adichie na-ejikarị echiche ya eme ihe iji tụnyere ọdịiche dị n'etiti omenala ọdịnala na nke ọdịda anyanwụ.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=295}} Akụkọ ya na-egosikarị omenala ndị dara ada, ọkachasị ndị na-ahapụ agwa ya n'ọnọdụ dị njọ n'etiti nhọrọ ọjọọ.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=305}} Mgbe ụfọdụ, ọ na-emepụta agwa dị ka [[archetype]] nke akụkụ ụfọdụ nke omume omenala iji mepụta [[Foil (akụkọ)|foil]] maka agwa dị mgbagwoju anya karị.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=297}}

==== Omenala ndi Igbo ====
Adichie na-enye ndị odide ya aha a na-akpọkarị maka agbụrụ e bu n'obi, dịka [[Muhammad (aha)|Mohammed]] maka agwa Alakụba.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|pages=5–6}} Maka ndị Igbo, ọ na-emepụta aha ndị na-egosi omenala aha Igbo ma na-egosipụta àgwà, àgwà, na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|pages=2–3}} Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na ''Ọkara nke Anyanwụ Odo'', aha agwa ahụ bụ Ọlanna pụtara n'ezie &quot;Ọlaedo Chineke&quot;, mana Nwankwọ na-ekwu na &quot;ọla&quot; pụtara ihe dị oke ọnụ ahịa ebe &quot;nna&quot; pụtara Chineke nna ma ọ bụ nne na nna.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=5}} Site n'ịhapụ aha Igbo a ma ama, Adichie na-eme ka ndị odide ya nwee ọtụtụ agbụrụ, okike na ọtụtụ, zuru ụwa ọnụ. personas.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=3}} Ọ naghị eji aha Bekee eme ihe maka agwa Afrịka mana, mgbe ọ na-eme ya, ọ bụ ngwaọrụ iji gosipụta àgwà ma ọ bụ omume ọjọọ.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|p=4}}

Adichie jiri ihe osise sitere na ọdịnala ọnụ Igbo mee ihe iji gosipụta eziokwu n'ụdị [[akụkọ ifo akụkọ ihe mere eme]].{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|pages=18–19}} Ọ na-emebi omenala n'ụzọ dị iche na akwụkwọ ọdịnala Afrịka, ebe ọ bụ na ụmụ nwanyị na-ede akwụkwọ anaghị anọghị na Naịjirịa [[Canon (ụkpụrụ bụ isi)|akwụkwọ edemede]],{{sfn|Hewett|2005|page=77}} na a na-elegharakarị ndị inyom anya ma ọ bụ na-eje ozi dị ka ihe nkwado maka ndị ikom na-etinye aka na ndụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na akụ na ụba nke obodo ahụ.{{sfn|Vanzanten|2015|pages=87–88}} Ụdị ejiji ya na-elekwasịkarị anya na ụmụ nwanyị siri ike ma na-agbakwụnye echiche nwoke na nwanyị na isiokwu ndị ndị edemede ndị ọzọ nyochaburu, dị ka ọchịchị ndị ọchịchị, okpukperechi, na mmekọrịta ike.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|page=80}}{{sfn|Vanzanten|2015|page=90}}

Adichie na-ekewakarị ndị odide n'ime klaasị mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya iji gosipụta enweghị nghọtahie na usoro ọdịnala.{{sfn|Ndula|2017|pp=32}}{{sfn|Sharobeem|2015|p=26}} Site n'iji akụkọ sitere n'aka ndị odide nke akụkụ dị iche iche nke ọha mmadụ, dịka ọ na-ekwughachi n'okwu TED ya, &quot;Ihe Ize Ndụ nke Akụkọ Otu&quot;, ọ na-ezipụ ozi na enweghị otu eziokwu gbasara ihe gara aga.{{sfn|Ejikeme|2017|p=309}} Adichie na-agba ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ ya ume ka ha mata ọrụ nke ha nye ibe ha, na ikpe na-ezighị ezi dị n'ụwa.{{sfn|Carotenuto|2017|p=173}} Ọkà mmụta Naịjirịa bụ Stanley Ordu na-akọwa echiche nwanyị Adichie dị ka [[Nwanyị|onye na-achọ ụmụ nwanyị]] n'ihi na nyocha ya banyere usoro nna ochie gafere mmeso mmekọahụ megide ụmụ nwanyị na [[Misandry|onye na-achọghị nwoke]], kama ile anya na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na akụ na ụba, ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. na nsogbu agbụrụ ụmụ nwanyị na-eche ihu iji lanarị ma soro ụmụ nwoke na-arụkọ ọrụ.{{sfn|Ordu|2021|pp=61–63}} Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na ''Purple Hibiscus'', agwa Anti Ifeoma na-egosi echiche nwanyị site n'ime ka ndị ezinụlọ niile rụọ ọrụ dịka otu na nkwenye, ka e wee jiri talent onye ọ bụla mee ihe ruo n'ókè kachasị elu ha nwere.{{sfn|Ordu|2021|p=70}}

N'ọrụ ya dịka ide ihe na ikwu okwu n'ihu ọha, Adichie tinyere ihe ọchị, ma jiri okwu [[anecdote]]s, okwu njakịrị na okwu mkparị mee ka otu echiche pụta ìhè.{{sfn|Anasuya|2015}}{{sfn|Anthony|2023}} Adichie etolitela echiche [[Pan-Africanism|Pan-Africanist]] nke oge a gbasara okwu gbasara okike, na-ebelata mmasị n'ụzọ ndị ọdịda anyanwụ si ahụ Afrịka ma na-enwekwu mmasị n'otú Afrịka si ahụ onwe ya.{{sfn|Dabiri|2015}}

=== Isiokwu di iche iche ===
N'ime mkparịta ụka Adichie na onye edemede Kenya [[Binyavanga Wainaina]] na 2011, o kwuru na isi ihe dị n'ọrụ ya bụ ịhụnanya.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=111}} Site n'iji arụmụka ndị inyom &quot;[[Onye ahụ bụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị]]&quot;, ịhụnanya n'ọrụ ya na-egosipụtakarị site na njirimara omenala, njirimara onwe onye na ọnọdụ mmadụ, na otu esemokwu mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị si emetụta atọ ahụ.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=112}} Adichie na-enyochakarị njikọ nke klaasị, omenala, okike, (mgbe-) ọchịchị alaeze ukwu gasịrị, ike, agbụrụ na okpukperechi.{{sfn|Dube|2019|page=222}} Ọgụ bụ isiokwu kachasị mkpa n'akwụkwọ ndị Afrịka,{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=76}} ọrụ ya na-agbaso omenala ahụ site n'inyocha ezinụlọ, obodo, na mmekọrịta.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|pp=79–80}} Nnyocha ya gafere esemokwu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na mgba maka ikike, ma na-enyochakarị ụmụ mmadụ.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=90}} Ọtụtụ n'ime ihe odide ya na-ekwu maka otu ndị odide ya si eme ka ha na ndị nwere mwute dị na ndụ ha{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=84}} na otu ha si agbanwe site n'ịbụ ndị na-enweghị olu na ndị na-enweghị olu gaa n'inwe ike onwe ha na inwe ike ịkọ akụkọ nke ha.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|pp=85–86}}

Ọrụ Adichie na-enyochakarị njirimara omenala,{{sfn|Tunca|2010|p=295}} karịsịa njirimara Igbo nke na-eme emume asụsụ Igbo na [[omenala Igbo|omenala]], ma na-egosi ịhụnanya mba Afrịka, n'ozuzu ya.{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|p=74}} Ide ihe ya bụ mkparịta ụka ebumnobi ya na ndị ọdịda anyanwụ, ebumnuche iweghachite ùgwù na mmadụ nke ndị Afrịka.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|p=111}} Isi okwu na-emegharị n'ọrụ Adichie bụ Agha Biafra. Agha ahụ bụ &quot;oge doro anya&quot; n'akụkọ ihe mere eme mgbe ọchịchị Naịjirịa gasịrị, inyocha esemokwu ahụ na-egosi ụzọ e si hazie njirimara mba ahụ. ''Ọkara nke Anyanwụ Odo'', ọrụ ya dị mkpa n'agha ahụ, na-egosi etu amụma, nrụrụ aka, nkwenye okpukpe na esemokwu si mee ka a chụpụ ndị Igbo wee manye ha ịbanyeghachi na mba ahụ.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=79}}{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=5}} Ihe abụọ a mere nwere ihe si na ya pụta, Adichie na-egosikwa agha ahụ dị ka ọnyá na-agwọbeghị n'ihi na ndị isi ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị anaghị achọ idozi nsogbu ndị kpalitere ya.{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=3}}

Mahadum Naịjirịa, Nsukka pụtara ọzọ n'akwụkwọ akụkọ Adichie iji gosi mgbanwe agụmakwụkwọ n'ịzụlite mmụọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ma gosipụta mkpali nke [[Pan-Africanism|Pan-African psychology]] na ọchịchọ maka nnwere onwe na ''Half of a Yellow Sun''. Ọ pụtara na ''Purple Hibiscus'' na ''Americanah'' dị ka ebe ụmụ akwụkwọ na-eguzogide ọchịchị aka ike site na [[nnupụisi obodo]] na [[Mkpesa|nkwenye]].{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=20}} Mahadum ahụ na-akụzi akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ndị ọchịchị ma na-emepụta ụzọ isi lụso mgbagwoju anya ya ọgụ site na [[ihe ọmụma ọdịnala|ihe ọmụma ndị obodo]],{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=21}} site n'ịghọta na akwụkwọ ndị ọchịchị na-akọ naanị akụkụ nke akụkọ ahụ ma na-ebelata onyinye ndị Africa.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=22}} Adichie gosipụtara nke a na ''Ọkara Anyanwụ Odo'', mgbe onye nkuzi mgbakọ na mwepụ {{lang|ig|Odenigbo|italics=no}}, kọwara nwa okorobịa ya n'ụlọ, {{lang|ig|Ugwu|italics=no}}, na ọ ga-amụta n'ụlọ akwụkwọ na [[Niger] otu nwoke ọcha aha ya bụ [[Mungo Park (onye na-enyocha)|Mungo Park]] chọtara Osimiri]], ọ bụ ezie na ndị obodo ahụ azụọla azụ̀ n'osimiri ahụ ruo ọtụtụ ọgbọ. Agbanyeghị, Odenigbo dọrọ Ugwu aka ná ntị na, ọ bụ ezie na akụkọ banyere nchọpụta Park bụ ụgha, ọ ghaghị iji azịza na-ezighi ezi mee ihe ma ọ bụghị ya, ọ ga-ada ule ya.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=21}}

Ọrụ Adichie gbasara [[ndị Africa bi na mba ọzọ]] na-enyocha isiokwu nke ịbụ onye otu, mgbanwe na ịkpa ókè mgbe niile.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=296}} A na-egosikarị nke a dị ka agụụ imekọ ihe ọnụ ma a na-egosipụta ya site na ndị odide na-agbanwe aha ha,{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=297}} isiokwu a na-ahụkarị na akụkọ ifo Adiche, nke na-egosi ihu abụọ.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|pages=299–300}} Site n'iji isiokwu nke mbata na ọpụpụ, ọ nwere ike ịmepụta mkparịta ụka gbasara otu esi agbanwe echiche na njirimara nke ndị odide ya site na ibi na mba ọzọ na izute omenala dị iche iche.{{sfn|Bragg|2017|p=130}}

N'ime &quot;Dear Ijeawele ma ọ bụ A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions&quot; ọ tụlere isiokwu njirimara nke na-apụta na &quot;Purple Hibiscus&quot;', &quot;Half of a Yellow Sun&quot;', na &quot;The Thing Around Your Neck&quot; dịka echiche efu nke ọdịdị ahụ ụmụ nwanyị ojii, ntutu isi ha na ihe ha na-eme.{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=1–2}} &quot;Dear Ijeawele&quot; na-emesi ike mkpa ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke iji aha ndị Africa eme ihe,{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=2–3}} ịjụ [[Mkpawa dabere na agba akpụkpọ ahụ|agba]],{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=3–4}} na-egosipụta nnwere onwe ikwu okwu n'otú ha si eyi ntutu isi ha (gụnyere ịjụ ịchọ ịmata ihe gbasara ya){{sfn|Sebola|2022|p=5}} na izere [[commodification]], dị ka ule alụmdi na nwunye, nke Na-ebelata uru nwanyị gaa na nke ihe nrite, na-ahụ naanị uru ya dị ka nwunye nwoke.{{sfn|Sebola|2022|p=6}} Ndị inyom ya na-ajụkarị ka a kọwaa ha site na echiche ndị na-adịghị mma ma na-achọ ike ụmụ nwanyị.{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=6–7}}

Ọrụ Adichie na-ekwukarị banyere nchọpụta ezinụlọ n'etiti ọgbọ dị iche iche, na-enye ya ohere inyocha ahụmịhe dị iche iche nke mmegbu na nnwere onwe. Na ''Purple Hibiscus'' na &quot;[[Onye Akụkọ Ihe Mere Eme Isi]]&quot;, Adichie lere isiokwu ndị a anya site na iji ezinụlọ dị ka obere ihe nnọchianya nke ime ihe ike.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|p=26}} Mmekọahụ ụmụ nwanyị, ma n'ime mmekọrịta alụmdi na nwunye nna ochie na n'èzí alụmdi na nwunye, bụ isiokwu Adichie na-ejikarị enyocha mgbagwoju anya na ókèala ịhụnanya. Ọrụ ya na-ekwu maka nwoke idina nwoke n'ihe gbasara alụmdi na nwunye n'akụkọ dịka &quot;Transition to Glory&quot;, na isiokwu ndị a machibidoro iwu dịka mmetụta ịhụnanya maka ndị ụkọchukwu na &quot;Purple Hibiscus&quot;, yana ịrata enyi nwoke enyi ya na &quot;Light Skin&quot;. Ịpụ nwa,{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=81}} ịbụ nne na nsogbu nke ịbụ nwanyị bụ isiokwu ndị na-apụta ìhè n'ọrụ Adichie, a na-enyochakwa ha mgbe niile n'ihe gbasara Iso Ụzọ Kraịst, [[nna nna]], na atụmanya mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=80}}{{sfn|Roifah|2021|p=179}}{{sfn|Daniels|2022|p=54}} Dịka ọmụmaatụ, n'akụkọ dị mkpirikpi &quot;Zikora&quot;, ọ na-ekwu maka akụkụ ndị dị ndụ, omenala na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke ịghọ nne na atụmanya ndị a na-atụ anya n'aka ụmụ nwanyị.{{sfn|Roifah|2021|p=179}} Akụkọ ahụ na-enyocha ọdịda nke mgbochi ime na afọ ime a na-atụghị anya ya, ịhapụ onye òtù ọlụlụ ya, ịbụ nne na-alụbeghị di, nrụgide mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na nsogbu njirimara Zikora, na mmetụta dị iche iche ọ na-enwe gbasara ịghọ onye nne.{{sfn|Roifah|2021|pp=182–183}}

Isiokwu ndị na-apụtakarị bụ mgbaghara na aghụghọ, dịka ọ dị na ''Ọkara Anyanwụ Odo'', mgbe Olanna gbaghaara onye hụrụ ya n'anya ekwesịghị ntụkwasị obi, ma ọ bụ mkpebi Ifemelu ikewapụ onwe ya na enyi ya nwoke na ''Americanah''.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=112}} Nnyocha Adichie banyere agha na-eme ka a mata otú akụkụ abụọ nke esemokwu ọ bụla si eme ihe ike na ọ dịghị akụkụ ọ bụla na-ata ụta maka ime ihe ike na-apụta. Akụkọ ya na-egosi na ihe ọmụma na nghọta nke klaasị na agbụrụ dị iche iche dị mkpa iji mepụta obodo dị iche iche nwere ọtụtụ agbụrụ dị iche iche.{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=5}} Ụdị ime ihe ike ndị ọzọ bụ isiokwu ugboro ugboro na ''Purple Hibiscus'', ''Ọkara nke Anyanwụ Odo'' na ''Ihe Gbara Olu Gị'';{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=5}}{{sfn|Hewett|2005|pp=79–80}} isiokwu ndị a na-egosi ike zuru ụwa ọnụ, ma ọ bụ mmetụta na ngosipụta n'ime ọha mmadụ nke iji ya eme ihe n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi.{{sfn|Carotenuto|2017|p=173}}

== Echiche ==
=== Ejiji ===
[[File:Ms. magazine Cover - Summer 2014.jpg|thumb|alt=Front cover of a print magazine|Adichie on the cover of ''[[Ms. (magazine)|Ms.]]'' in 2014]]
Adichie, n'isiokwu e dere na 2014 maka ''[[Elle (magazine)|Elle]]'',{{sfn|Adichie|2014}} dere na &quot;ụmụ nwanyị chọrọ ka a na-ewere ha nke ọma kwesịrị igosi na ha dị mkpa site n'enweghị mmasị n'ọdịdị ha.&quot;{{sfn|Mannur|2017|p=411}} Dịka o si kwuo, echiche ndị ọdịda anyanwụ dị iche na otú e si zụlite ya na Naịjirịa ebe nlebara anya mmadụ na ejiji na-adabere na oke ùgwù na nsọpụrụ ọha mmadụ ga-enye ya.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=216}} O kwuru na a na-ekpe ndị mmadụ ikpe otú ha si eyi uwe.{{sfn|Mannur|2017|p=412}} N'ịghọta mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ịma mma, ejiji, ụdị na enweghị nha anya na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, Adichie malitere ịkwado [[ahụ dị mma]] dị ka ụzọ isi nweta [[Agency (sociology)|agency]].{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=216}}{{sfn|Mannur|2017|p=412}}

Agụnyere Adichie na ''[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]''{{'}}s 2016 [[International Best Wressing Hall of Fame List|International Best-Wered List]], ma kpọọ [[Michelle Obama]] dị ka onye a ma ama n'ụdị ejiji ya.{{sfn|''Vanity Fair''|2016|p=144}}{{sfn|Safronova|2016}} N'afọ ahụ, [[Maria Grazia Chiuri]], onye nduzi okike nwanyị mbụ nke ụlọ ọrụ ejiji French [[Dior]], gosipụtara na nchịkọta mbụ ya uwe elu T-shirt nwere aha okwu TED nke Adichie, &quot;Anyị Kwesịrị Ịbụ Ihe Niile Ndị Na-eme Ihe Banyere Ụmụ Nwanyị&quot;.{{sfn|Brockes|2017}}{{sfn|Medrano|2016}} O juru Adichie anya mgbe ọ matara na Dior enwebeghị nwanyị na-achị ngalaba ihe okike ya ma kweta ịrụkọ ọrụ ọnụ na Chiuri, onye kpọrọ ya òkù dịka onye ọbịa a na-asọpụrụ ka ọ nọdụ n'ahịrị ihu nke ihe ngosi ụlọ ọrụ ahụ n'oge oge opupu ihe ubi nke 2016 [[Izu Ejiji Paris]].{{sfn|Medrano|2016}}{{sfn|Brockes|2017}}{{sfn|Ryan|2017}} Ọkà mmụta Matthew Lecznar kwuru na Adichie na-amakarị echiche ndị na-adịghị mma gbasara ụmụ nwanyị aka site na ntụnyere na ejiji. O kwuru na ikwe ka Dior gosipụta ederede ya bụ ụzọ dị mma isi jiri ụdị mgbasa ozi dị iche iche zie ozi ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, kamakwa ịzụlite aha ya dị ka &quot;ihe ngosi transmedia&quot; nwere ọtụtụ akụkụ ọgụgụ isi, akwụkwọ na ejiji.{{sfn|Lecznar|2017|p=168}} Ọ ghọrọ ihu nke [[Boots (ụlọ ọrụ)#Nke. 7 Protect &amp; Perfect Intense Beauty Serum|Nke 7]], ngalaba ihe ịchọ mma nke ụlọ ahịa ọgwụ Britain [[Boots (ụlọ ọrụ)|Boots]].{{sfn|Weatherford|2016}} N'ozi Facebook ya nke afọ 2016 nke akpọrọ ''Dear Ijeawele, ma ọ bụ Ihe ngosi ụmụ nwanyị n'ime aro iri na ise'', Adichie rụrụ ụka na ibelata ịdị mma nwanyị na ngosipụta ya site na ejiji na etemeete bụ &quot;akụkụ nke omenala nke ịkpa oke mmekọahụ&quot;.{{sfn|Safronova|2016}}

Na 8 Mee 2017, Adichie kwupụtara mkpọsa &quot;Wear Nigerian&quot; ya na ibe Facebook ya.{{sfn|Idowu|2017}}{{sfn|Hobdy|2020}} O hiwere akaụntụ [[Instagram]] nke ụmụnne ya nwanyị Chisom na Amaka jisiri ike,{{sfn|Idowu|2017}} wee nweta ihe dị ka 600,000 Ndị na-eso ụzọ.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=218}} Dịka Adichie si kwuo, ebumnuche ya bụ inyere aka chebe ihe nketa omenala Naịjirịa site n'igosipụta ụdị ọrụ aka na ojiji nke usoro, ihe na ákwà ọhụrụ e ji aka rụọ nke ndị na-emepụta ihe na Naịjirịa na-eji.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=217}} O meriri [[Shorty Awards|Shorty Award]] na 2018 maka mkpọsa ahụ,{{sfn|Agbo|2018a}} na na 2019 ahọpụtara ya dịka otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị iri na ise ga-apụta na mkpuchi nke ''[[British Vogue]]'' na mbipụta nke onye ọbịa deziri nke [[Meghan, Duchess nke Sussex]].{{sfn|''The Irish Times''|2019}} Na mkparịta ụka 2021 na [[Düsseldorfer Schauspielhaus]] ya na onye bụbu Chancellor nke Germany, [[Angela Merkel]], na ndị nta akụkọ [[Miriam Meckel]] na [[Léa Steinacker]], Adichie kwuru na ọ na-ejikarị ejiji akụziri ndị mmadụ gbasara ụdịdị dị iche iche.{{sfn|Gopalakrishnan|2021}}

=== Nkwerechi ===
Ọ bụ ezie na a zụlitere Adichie dịka [[Ụka Katọlik|Katọlik]], ọ na-ewere echiche ya, ọkachasị ndị gbasara echiche ụmụ nwanyị, dị ka ihe na-emegide okpukperechi ya mgbe ụfọdụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Raised Catholic |url=https://www.chimamanda.com/external_articles/raised-catholic/ |access-date=3 Maachị 2026 |website=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ka esemokwu okpukperechi bilitere na Naịjirịa n'etiti Ndị Kraịst na Ndị Alakụba na 2012, ọ gbara ndị ndu ume ka ha kwusaa ozi udo na ịdị n'otu.{{sfn|Shariatmadari|2012}} Adichie kwuru na mmekọrịta ya na Katọlik dị mgbagwoju anya n'ihi na ọ na-amata omenala dịka Katọlik, mana ọ na-eche na ilekwasị anya na ego na ikpe ọmụma nke Chọọchị adabaghị na ụkpụrụ ya.{{sfn|Augoye|2021}}

Na mmemme 2017 na [[Mahadum Georgetown]], o kwuru na ọdịiche dị n'echiche dị n'etiti ndị Katọlik na Ndị ndu [[Church Mission Society]] kpatara nkewa n'obodo Naịjirịa n'oge ọ bụ nwata, nakwa na ọ hapụrụ chọọchị ahụ n'oge e mere emume nhọpụta nke [[Pope Benedict XVI]] na 2005.{{sfn|Pongsajapan|2017}} O kwetara na ozizi [[Pope Francis]], onye a họpụtara na 2013, na ọmụmụ nwa ya nwanyị na 2016 dọtara ya azụ n'okpukpe Katọlik ma kpalie mkpebi ya ịzụlite nwa ya dị ka onye Katọlik.{{sfn|Pongsajapan|2017}} Ka ọ na-erule 2021, Adichie kwuru na ya bụ [[Onye Kraịst aha ya bụ onye Katọlik]] ma na-aga naanị [[Mass n'ime Chọọchị Katọlik|Mass]] mgbe ọ hụrụ [[Onye Kraịst na-aga n'ihu|obodo na-aga n'ihu]] nke lekwasịrị anya n'ịkwalite ụmụ mmadụ. O mere ka o doo anya na &quot;Echere m na m bụ onye na-enweghị ike ịmata ihe dị na ya ma na-ajụ ajụjụ&quot;.{{sfn|Augoye|2021}}

N'afọ ahụ, e bipụtara echiche ya gbasara akwụkwọ ozi Pope Francis ''[[Fratelli tutti]]'' n'asụsụ Itali na mbipụta nke ise nke ọnwa Julaị nke akwụkwọ akụkọ Vatican ''[[L'Osservatore Romano]]''.{{sfn|Sarr|2021}}{{sfn|Adichie|2021}} N'isiokwu ya nke afọ 2021 bụ &quot;{{lang|it|Sognare come un'unica umanità|italics=no}}&quot; (&quot;Ịrọ nrọ dị ka mmadụ na-alụbeghị di&quot;), Adichie chetara na a na-akatọ ya n'olili nne ya maka ịkatọ ilekwasị anya na Chọọchị n'ego, mana o kwetakwara na emume Katọlik nyere ya nkasi obi n'oge iru újú ya.{{sfn|Sarr|2021}}

=== Ikike nwoke idina nwoke na nwoke ===
Adichie bụ onye na-akwado [[ikike LGBT na Afrịka]] ma na-akwado [[ikike LGBT na Naịjirịa]].{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=818}}{{sfn|Crockett|2017}} Mgbe Naịjirịa tinyere iwu megidere nwoke idina nwoke na nwanyị na 2014, ọ so n'ime ndị edemede Naịjirịa jụrụ iwu ahụ, na-akpọ ya ihe megidere iwu, ikpe na-ezighị ezi na &quot;ihe dị ịtụnanya nye mba nwere ọtụtụ nsogbu n'ezie&quot;. O kwuru na ndị toro eto na-egosi ibe ha ịhụnanya emerụghị ọha mmadụ ahụ, kama na iwu ahụ &quot;ga-eduga na mpụ ime ihe ike&quot;.{{sfn|Useni|2014}} Adichie bụ ezigbo enyi na onye edemede Kenya [[Binyavanga Wainaina]] onye pụtara n'ihu ọha na 2014.{{sfn|Malec|2017}}{{sfn|Iju Mmiri|2019}} Onye edemede Bernard Dayo kwuru na [[ihe ọmụma]] Adichie gwara Wainaina na 2019 dọtara mmụọ nke &quot;onye na-akwado LGBTQ [nke] ụwa akwụkwọ Africa ebe a ka na-emeso nwoke idina nwoke dị ka echiche dị nro.&quot;{{sfn|Dayo|2019}}

=== Ntinye nwoke na nwanyị site na nwoke ===
Kemgbe afọ 2017, Adichie na-akparịta ụka n'ihu ọha mgbe ụfọdụ gbasara okwu gbasara transgender, ụfọdụ na-ebokwa ya ebubo na ọ bụ [[transphobia]].{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=354}} N'ajụjụ ọnụ [[Channel 4]] nke afọ 2017, Adichie kwuru na ahụmịhe nke nwanyị &quot;biri ndụ dịka nwoke, nwere ihe ùgwù ụwa nyere ụmụ nwoke&quot; abụghị otu ahụmịhe ahụ dịka &quot;nwanyị nke, site na mbido, biri n'ụwa dịka nwanyị&quot;.{{sfn|Ring|2022}}{{sfn|Crockett|2017}} N'ihe o dere na Facebook, o dere na ụmụ nwanyị transgender na ahụmịhe ụmụ nwanyị ndị ọzọ dị iche, mmadụ nwekwara ike ikweta ọdịiche ndị ahụ na-enweghị imebi ma ọ bụ belata ahụmịhe ndụ nke otu ọ bụla.{{sfn|Crockett|2017}} O mesiri ike na a na-eme ka ụmụ agbọghọ na-akpakọrịta n'ụzọ ndị na-emebi uru onwe ha, nke nwere mmetụta na-adịgide adịgide ná ndụ ha niile, ebe ụmụ nwoke na-erite uru site na uru nke ihe ùgwù nwoke, tupu mgbanwe.{{sfn|Crockett|2017}}{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=820}}

Esemokwu ahụ pụtara ọzọ na 2020 mgbe Adichie kwupụtara nkwado maka [[J. Edemede K. Rowling]] gbasara okike na mmekọahụ, mgbe ọ kpọrọ ya &quot;ihe ezi uche dị na ya&quot; n'oge ajụjụ ọnụ ya na akwụkwọ akụkọ Britain, ''The Guardian''.{{sfn|Allardice|2020}}{{sfn|Okafor|2020}} Ajụjụ ọnụ ahụ kpalitere mmeghachi omume [[Twitter]] site n'aka ndị nkatọ echiche ya, nke gụnyere onye gụsịrị akwụkwọ na otu n'ime [[Ọrụ Ndị Odee (ọrụ)|Ọrụ Ide Ihe]] nke Adichie, [[Akwaeke Emezi]].{{sfn|Akhabau|2020}}{{sfn|Okafor|2020}} Na nzaghachi, Adichie dere &quot;Ọ Bụ Ihe Ọjọọ: Echiche Eziokwu n'Akụkụ Atọ&quot; wee biputere ya na weebụsaịtị ya na June 2021, na-akatọ ojiji nke mgbasa ozi ọha iji kwupụta mkpesa.{{sfn|Iju Mmiri|2021b}}{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=354}} Ihe ndị a N'ọnwa, ụmụ akwụkwọ obodo LGBT na [[Mahadum Cape Town]], South Africa, jụrụ ikwu okwu ihu ọha ya n'ogige ha.{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=354}} Adichie kwuru na ajụjụ ọnụ ya na [[Otosirieze Obi-Young]] na Septemba na &quot;ihe mwute dị ukwuu&quot; maka mmeghachi omume ahụ nakwa na n'oge esemokwu ahụ, ọ gụrụ ihe ọ bụla ọ hụrụ na isiokwu trans iji nyere ya aka ịghọta ihe na-eme.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}}

Na ngwụcha afọ 2022, Adichie nwetara nkatọ ọzọ maka echiche ya mgbe ọ gbasịrị ajụjụ ọnụ ọzọ na &quot;The Guardian&quot; mgbe ọ sịrị, &quot;Ya mere, onye yiri nwanne m nwoke—ọ na-asị, 'Abụ m nwanyị', wee banye n'ime ụlọ ịsa ahụ ụmụ nwanyị, otu nwanyị wee sị, 'Ị gaghị anọ ebe a', ọ nọkwa &quot;Ndị na-agbanwe agbanwe na-akpọ mmadụ asị?&quot;{{sfn|Ring|2022}}{{sfn|Williams|2022}}{{sfn|Baska|2022}} Magazin ahụ ''[[PinkNews]]'' kwuru na Adichie &quot;anaghị enwe mmetụta&quot; nakwa na ọ na-eji &quot;okwu ọjọọ&quot;.{{sfn|Baska|2022}} Ọkammụta Cheryl Stobie kwuru na Adichie kwadoro &quot;echiche nkewa nke okike&quot;.{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=355}} Onye nchọpụta B. Camminga kwuru na aha Adichie mere ka okwu ya banyere ụmụ nwanyị trans na-akpọ mmadụ asị dịkwuo elu ma mechie olu ụmụ nwanyị Africa ndị ọzọ, ma ndị trans na ndị cis, ọnụ.{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=819}}

== Ndụ nkeonwe ==
Adichie bụ onye ụka [[Katọlik]].{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Na nwata, ya na ezinaulo ya na-eje ụka na St. Paul, Abba.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Ọ bi na mba Amerika{{sfn|Pearce|2017}} ma nwekwa ụlọ na Naijiria.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}

N'afọ 2009, ọ lụrụ Ivara Esege.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Ha nwere ụmụ atọ; amụrụ nwa ha nwanyị n'afọ 2016,{{sfn|Chutel|2016}} ya na ejima nwoke n'afọ 2024 site na ụzọ surrogacy dịka Adichie si kwuo n'ajụjụ ọnụ ndị ''[[The Guardian]]'' jụrụ ya.{{sfn|Edwardes|2025}}{{sfn|Lee|2025}} Otu n'ime ejima ahụ nke aha ya bụ Nkanu Nnamdi nwụrụ na 7 January 2026 mgbe ọ dị ọnwa 21, mgbe ọ rịasịrị ọrịa.{{sfn|Ige|2026}}{{sfn|Glynn|2026}} Adichie kwuru ihe kpatara ọnwụ nwa ya nwoke bụ nleghara anya ahụike nke ụlọọgwụ Euracare dị na Lagos, ebe anabatara Nkanu. Akụkụ nke nleghara anya ahụ, dịka ya si kwuo, gụnyere ịjụ ikuku, na ime ka nwatakịrị ahụ daa jụụ nke butere [[njide obi]]. N'agbanyeghi ulọọgwụ ahụ gosiri mwute ha na-eje onwu nwa Adichie nọ, ha ekwetaghi ebubo ndị ahụ.{{sfn|Okafor|2026}} A malitere nnyocha gbasara ọnwụ Nkanu na 14 Eprel 2026.{{sfn|Ewokor|2026}} Emesịri kwụsị ya bụ nyocha n'ihi ntinye aka nke aatụghị anya ya sitere n'aka ọkaiwu ukwu nke Steeti Lagos.{{sfn|Oduah|2026}}

Na 2 Mee 2015, a tọọrọ nna Adichie ma mesịa tọhapụ ya ụbọchị ole na ole ka e mesịrị.{{sfn|Lee|2015}} Nna ya nwụrụ n'ihi ọrịa n'afọ 2020 ebe nne ya, n'oge ọrịa [[COVID-19]],{{sfn|Broom|2021}} nwụrụ n'afo 2021.{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}}

== Ihe ncheta ==
=== Mmetụta oha ===
[[Larissa MacFarquhar]] nke ''The New Yorker'' kwuru na Adichie &quot;a na-ewere ya dị ka otu n'ime ndị edemede akwụkwọ akụkọ kacha mkpa na nke mbụ n'ọgbọ ya&quot;.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Asụgharịala ọrụ ya n'ihe karịrị asụsụ 30.{{sfn|Luckett|2018|p=155}} Obi-Young Otosirieze kwuru n'akụkọ mkpuchi ya gbasara Adichie maka magazin Naịjirịa ''[[Open Country Mag]]'' na Septemba 2021, na &quot;akwụkwọ akụkọ ya... mebiri mgbidi n'akwụkwọ mbipụta. ''Purple Hibiscus'' gosiri na e nwere ahịa mba ụwa maka akụkọ ifo ndị Africa mgbe Achebe gasịrị [na] ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' gosiri na ahịa ahụ nwere ike ichebara akụkọ ihe mere eme ndị Africa echiche&quot;.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} N'isiokwu mbụ e bipụtara na ''[[Brittle Paper]]'', o kwuru na ''Half of a Yellow Akwụkwọ akụkọ Sun''{{'}}s wepụtara na 2006 rere mkpụrụ 500,000, ihe atụ nke ihe ịga nke ọma n'ahịa maka akwụkwọ, tupu Ọktoba 2009 na UK naanị.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2017}} Akwụkwọ akụkọ ya bụ 'Americanah' rere mkpụrụ 500,000 na US n'ime afọ abụọ nke ewepụtara ya na 2013.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2017}}{{sfn|Germain|2015}} {{Ruo|2022}}, &quot;The Danger of a Single Story&quot; enwetala ihe karịrị nde 27.{{sfn|Kumolu|2022}} Ruo 1 Septemba 2023, okwu ahụ bụ otu n'ime mkparịta ụka TED 25 kachasị elele n'oge niile.{{sfn|Assheton|2023}}

Dịka Lisa Allardice, onye nta akụkọ na-ede maka ''The Guardian'', Adichie si kwuo. ghọrọ &quot;nwa agbọghọ mara mma maka echiche ụmụ nwanyị nke oge a mgbe okwu TED Talk ya nke afọ 2012 bụ́ 'Anyị Kwesịrị Ịbụ Ndị Nwanyị' batara n'ọkwa dị iche iche ma kesaa ya n'ụdị akwụkwọ nye ụmụaka niile dị afọ 16 na Sweden&quot;.{{sfn|Allardice|2020}} Adichie aghọọla &quot;onye ama ama n'ụwa niile maka ụmụ nwanyị&quot; na &quot;onye na-eche echiche ọha&quot; dịka onye nta akụkọ Lauren Alix Brown si kwuo.{{sfn|Brown|2017}} Akụkụ nke okwu TEDx nke Adichie bụ́ &quot;Anyị Kwesịrị Ịbụ Ndị Nwanyị&quot; ka e tinyere n'abụ &quot;[[Flawless (Abụ Beyoncé)|Flawless]]&quot; nke [[Beyoncé]] dere na 13 Disemba 2013.{{sfn|Kiene|2016}} Adichie kwuru okwu megide ndị nkatọ bụ́ ndị mechara jụọ onye ọbụ abụ ahụ akwụkwọ ikike ịbụ onye inyom n'ihi na ọ na-eji mmekọahụ ya &quot;eme ka anya nwoke na nwoke dị mma&quot;. N'ịgbachitere Beyoncé, Adichie kwuru, sị: &quot;Onye ọ bụla kwuru na ha bụ ndị inyom nwere ọbara ọbara.&quot;{{sfn|Danielle|2014}}

Ọkà mmụta Matthew Lecznar kwuru na ọkwa Adichie dị ka &quot;otu n'ime ndị edemede na ndị inyom nwere ọtụtụ ihe a ma ama n'oge a&quot; nyere ya ohere iji onye ama ama ya &quot;gosipụta ike nke uwe ma nye ndị mmadụ ike site na ọnọdụ dị iche iche ịnakwere [ejiji]... nke nwere ihe niile metụtara ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke njirimara&quot;.{{sfn|Lecznar|2017|p=169}} Ndị ọkà mmụta Floriana Bernardi na Enrica Picarelli kwuru na nkwado ya maka ụlọ ọrụ ejiji Naịjirịa nyere aka itinye Naịjirịa &quot;n'ihu&quot; n'ime mmegharị iji ejiji dị ka usoro ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị a ma ama n'ụwa niile nke inye ike.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=220}} [[Toyin Falola]], prọfesọ akụkọ ihe mere eme, na nyocha nke agụmakwụkwọ na Naịjirịa, katọrọ amụma nke ibuli ndị ọkà mmụta elu n'oge. O kwuru na agụmakwụkwọ, ọkachasị n'ihe gbasara ụmụ mmadụ, kwesịrị ịma aka n'iwu na usoro iji mee ka nkwekọrịta mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ụmụ amaala na gọọmentị sikwuo ike. O tụrụ aro ka a na-elekwasị anya site n'ịkwado ndị ọkà mmụta bụ ndị na-emetụta ndị ọkà mmụta ndị ọzọ gaa n'ịkwado ndị ọkà mmụta na-eji nkà ha enyere steeti aka ma na-eje ozi dị ka ndị ndụmọdụ nye ndị ntorobịa Naịjirịa. Adichie so n'ime ndị o chere na ha ruru eru dị ka &quot;ndị dike nwere ọgụgụ isi&quot;, bụ ndị &quot;kwalitere ókè nke mgbanwe mmekọrịta ọha na eze&quot;.{{sfn|Olaopa|2022}}

[[File:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie - mural Ciudad Lineal (cropped).jpg|thumb|287x287px|Adichie on the [[Concepción Feminist Mural]] in [[Madrid]], Spain]]
E tinyere akwụkwọ Adichie nke akpọrọ &quot;Half of a Yellow Sun&quot; n'ime [[Half of a Yellow Sun (fim)|fim nke otu aha ahụ]] nke [[Biyi Bandele]] duziri na 2013.{{sfn|Felperin|2013}} Na 2018, e tinyere eserese Adichie na [[mgbidi mgbidi]] na Municipal Sport Center na [[Concepción (Madrid)|Concepción barrio]] nke [[Madrid]], ya na ụmụ nwanyị iri na anọ ndị ọzọ. Ndị agbata obi họpụtara ụmụ nwanyị iri na ise ahụ iji gosipụta ọrụ ụmụ nwanyị na akụkọ ntolite ma jee ozi dị ka ihe nnọchianya nke nha anya. Ndị bi n'ógbè ahụ meriri ihe ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na-eme iji wepụ ihe osise ahụ na 2021 site na mkpesa nke mbinye aka a nakọtara.{{sfn|''El Mundo''|2021}}

Luke Ndidi Okolo, onye nkuzi na [[Nnamdi Azikiwe University]] kwuru:{{sfn|Okolo|2016|p=12}}

{{Blockquote|text=Adichie dere na-akọwa isiokwu na isiokwu doro anya ma dị elu. Mana isiokwu na isiokwu abụghị ihe ọhụrụ na akwụkwọ akụkọ Afrịka. Ihe dị iche na ihe dị iche na ihe osise Chimamanda Adichie nke Purple Hibiscus bụ ụdị ejiji ya - nhọrọ ya nke atụmatụ asụsụ na akwụkwọ, yana usoro ojiji nke atụmatụ ndị ahụ na njikọta dị egwu nke echiche na echiche nke ndị odide.}}

Ọrụ Adichie enwetala otuto dị ukwuu na ọtụtụ ihe nrite.{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|page=75}}{{sfn|Hewett|2005|page=75}} Ndị nkatọ akwụkwọ dịka Daria Tunca dere na ọrụ Adichie dị mkpa nke ukwuu ma kwuo na ọ bụ olu dị mkpa na [[Ọgbọ nke Atọ nke Ndị Ode Akwụkwọ Naịjirịa]],{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=306}} ebe Izuu Nwankwọ kpọrọ atụmatụ aha Igbo ya mepụtara dị ka &quot;ụdị nka&quot;, nke o mere ka ọ zuo oke n'ọrụ ya.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=3}} O toro ikike ya itinye asụsụ Igbo na ihe ọ pụtara na Ederede Bekee n'emeghị ka akụkọ ahụ ghara ịdị mma ma ọ bụ gbagọọ akụkọ ahụ.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=8}} N'ikpe nke [[Ernest Emenyonu]], otu n'ime ndị ọkà mmụta kacha pụta ìhè na [[akwụkwọ Igbo]],{{sfn|Igwe|2017|p=7}} Adichie bụ &quot;olu kacha elu ma na-adọrọ mmasị n'oge ya&quot; ma ọ kọwara ya dị ka &quot;onye na-akọ akụkọ kacha elu n'Africa&quot;.{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=2}} [[Toyin Falola]], prọfesọ akụkọ ihe mere eme, toro ya na ndị edemede ndị ọzọ, dị ka &quot;ndị dike nwere ọgụgụ isi&quot;.{{sfn|Olaopa|2022}} Leslie Gray Streeter nke ''[[The Independent]]'' kwuru na echiche Adichie banyere iru újú &quot;na-eme ka mmetụta uche a zuru ụwa ọnụ na-atọ ụtọ, nke bụkwa otu n'ime ndị kacha nwee ihe ọmụma zuru ụwa ọnụ. zere.&quot;{{sfn|Streter|2021}} A maara ya nke ọma dịka &quot;ada akwụkwọ Chinua Achebe&quot;.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=109}} Jane Shilling nke ''[[Daily Telegraph]]'' kpọrọ ya &quot;onye na-eme ka akụkọ dị mfe dịka abụ nnụnụ&quot;.{{sfn|Shilling|2009}}

Adichie enwetala otuto dị ukwuu maka okwu na nkuzi ya.{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=818}}{{sfn|Anasuya|2015}}{{sfn|Wagner|2015}} Prọfesọ mgbasa ozi na nkwukọrịta Erika M. Behrmann, onye nyochachara okwu Adichie nke TEDxEuston, &quot;Anyị Kwesịrị Ịbụ Ndị Na-eme Ihe n'Ụmụ Nwanyị&quot; toro ya dịka &quot;onye nwere onyinye n'akụkọ&quot;, onye nwere ike iso ya kparịta ụka nke ọma. ndị na-ege ntị.{{sfn|Behrmann|2017|p=315}} Agbanyeghị, Behrmann katọrọ enweghị mkparịta ụka n'okwu ahụ gbasara akụkụ dị iche iche nke njirimara ndị mmadụ na ntụkwasị obi Adichie na okwu abụọ (nwoke/nwanyị, nwoke/nwanyị, nwoke/nwanyị), nke hapụrụ &quot;obere ohere iche echiche na inyocha otu ndị transgender na ndị na-eme ihe n'omume ụmụ nwanyị&quot; si enye aka ma ọ bụ emetụta ha site na omume ụmụ nwanyị.{{sfn|Behrmann|2017|p=316}} Emenyonu kwuru na &quot;okwu ya, blọgụ, echiche ya na mgbasa ozi ọha, edemede na nkọwa, nkuzi ogbako maka ndị edemede na-eto eto na mkparịta ụka nkuzi... gbasaa ma kọwaa ọrụ ya dị ka onye edemede&quot;.{{sfn|Ememyonu|2017|p=1}} Ọkà mmụta Grace Musila kwuru na akara Adiche gụnyere aha ya dị ka onye edemede, onye ọha na eze, na onye na-emepụta ejiji, nke mere ka ikike ya na echiche ya dịkwuo elu karịa agụmakwụkwọ. okirikiri.{{sfn|Musila|2020|p=807}}

=== Otito Ihe ndị odere ===
{{Main|Ndepụta ihe nrite na nhọpụta nke Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie natara}}
Adichie nwetara [[MacArthur Fellowship]] na 2008,{{sfn|Irvine|2008}} ya na ihe nrite agụmakwụkwọ ya ndị ọzọ gụnyere 2011–2012 Fellowship nke [[Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study na Harvard University]].{{sfn|Okachie|2011}} Na 2002, a họpụtara ya maka [[Caine Prize for African Writing]] maka akụkọ ya bụ &quot;Ị nọ n'Amerịka&quot;.{{sfn|Anya|2005}}{{sfn|Caine Prize|2009}} O meririkwa asọmpi akụkọ mkpụmkpụ [[BBC World Service]] maka &quot;That Harmattan Morning&quot;, ebe akụkọ mkpụmkpụ ya bụ &quot;The American Embassy&quot; meriri na 2003 [[O. Ihe nrite Henry]] na ihe nrite David T. Wong International Short Story Prize site na [[PEN International]].{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}}

Akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya nke afọ 2003, ''Purple Hibiscus'', nabatara nke ọma, wee nweta nyocha dị mma.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2018}} Akwụkwọ a rere nke ọma ma nye ya ihe nrite [[Commonwealth Foundation prize|Commonwealth Writers' Prize]] maka Akwụkwọ Kachasị Mma (2005), [[Hurston/Wright Legacy Award]], a kpọkwara ya aha maka [[Women's Prize for Fiction|Orange Prize for Fiction]] (2004).{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2018}} ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' (2006) nwetara ihe nrite ọzọ otuto, gụnyere mmeri nke ihe nrite Orange maka akụkọ ifo na 2007,{{sfn|Majendie|2007}} [[International Nonino Prize]] (2009),{{sfn|Medeossi|2009}}{{sfn|Ogwude|2011|p=122}} na [[Anisfield-Wolf Book Award]].{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}} Nchịkọta akụkọ Adichie ''The Thing Around Your Neck'' bụ onye nke abụọ na [[Dayton Literary Peace Prize]] maka 2010.{{sfn|Richardson|2011|pp=114–115}} Otu akụkọ sitere n'akwụkwọ ahụ, &quot;Ceiling&quot;, gụnyere na ''[[The Best American Short Storys 2011]]''.{{sfn|Sam-Duru|2014}} ''Americanah'' e depụtara n'ime ''[[The New York Times]]'' &quot;Akwụkwọ iri kacha mma nke 2013&quot;,{{sfn|''Nduzi''|2018}}{{sfn|''The New York Times''|2013}} wee merie [[National Book Critics Circle Award]] (2014),{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}}{{sfn|''National Book Critics''|2014}}{{sfn|Iju Mmiri|2014}} na [[One City One Book]] (2017).{{sfn|Weller|2017}} Akwụkwọ ya ''Dear Ijeawele'', nke a sụgharịrị n'asụsụ French dị ka {{lang|fr|Chère Ijeawele, ou un manifeste pour une éducation féministe}}, meriri [[Madame Figaro#Grand Prix Littéraire (nnukwu ihe nrite akwụkwọ)|Le Grand Prix de l'Héroïne Madame Figaro]] dị na ngalaba akwụkwọ akụkọ kacha mma na 2017.{{sfn|''TheCable''|2017}}{{sfn|Chela|2017}}

[[File:Chimamanda Adichie 11.09.10 (5248097626).jpg|220px|thumb|right|alt=A Black woman with short, curly hair speaks into a microphone in a warmly lit room. She is wearing a black and white striped dress and layered necklaces. Behind her are wooden-framed windows and decorative cobwebs on the wall. A water pitcher sits on the table in front of her, and there are people in the audience.|Adichie at an event related to her book ''[[The Thing Around Your Neck]]'', 2010]]

Adichie so n'ime ndị ikpeazụ nke [[Andrew Carnegie Medal for Excellence in Fiction]] (2014).{{sfn|Italie|2014}} O meriri [[Barnard Medal of Distinction]] (2016),{{sfn|Jaschik|2016}} na [[W. E. B. Du Bois Medal]] (2022), ihe nrite kachasị elu n'ihe gbasara ọmụmụ ihe ndị Afrịka na ndị Afrịka Amerịka site na [[Mahadum Harvard]].{{sfn|Edeme|2022a}} E depụtara ya na ''[[The New Yorker]]''{{'}}s &quot;20 Under 40&quot; ndị edemede na 2010, na 2014 ahọpụtara ya maka [[Africa39]], ọrụ nke [[Hay Festival] malitere.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/booksblog/2014/apr/10/port-harcourt-world-book-capital-2014-africa-39 |title=Africa39: Otu anyị si họrọ ndị edemede maka Port Harcourt World Book Capital 2014|first=Margaret|last=Busby|newspaper=The Guardian|date= 10 Eprel 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{sfn|''Nduzi''|2018}} A kpọrọ ya aha na ndepụta ''[[Oge 100]]''' na 2015,{{sfn|Jones|2015}} ma nọrọ na ndepụta ''[[Akụkọ Afrịka]]''{{'}}s nke &quot;100 Ndị Afrịka Kachasị Kpatara Aka&quot; na 2019.{{sfn|''Ventures Africa''|2019}} Na 2018, a họpụtara ya dị ka onye meriri na [[PEN Pinter Prize]], nke na-amata ndị edemede ọrụ akwụkwọ ha na-ekpughe eziokwu site na nyocha dị mkpa nke ndụ na ọha mmadụ. Onye natara ihe nrite ahụ ga-ahọpụta onye meriri ihe nrite ahụ, Pinter International Writer of Courage Award, nke Adichie kpọrọ [[Waleed Abulkhair]], ọkaiwu [[Saudi Arabia]] na onye na-akwado ikike mmadụ.{{sfn|Iju Mmiri|2018a}}{{sfn|Iju Mmiri|2018b}} Ihe nrite ụmụ nwanyị maka akụkọ ifo, nke a maara na mbụ dị ka ihe nrite Orange, họpụtara mmadụ iri abụọ na ise maka onye meriri ya iji sọpụrụ emume ncheta afọ iri abụọ na ise ya na 2020; &quot;Half of a Yellow Sun&quot; nke Adichie meriri ihe nrite ahụ.{{sfn|Iju Mmiri|2020}}

Na 2017, a họpụtara Adichie dị ka otu n'ime ndị otu ọhụrụ 228 e tinyere n'ime klas nke 237 nke [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]], nke mere ka ọ bụrụ onye Naijiria nke abụọ e nyere nsọpụrụ ahụ mgbe [[Wole Soyinka]] gasịrị.{{sfn|Ayo-Aderele|2017}} Ruo Maachị 2022, Adichie enwetala nzere nsọpụrụ 16 site na mahadum{{sfn|''Guardian Nigeria''|2022}} Onyeisiala Naịjirịa [[Muhammadu Buhari]] họpụtara ya dị ka onye natara [[Order of the Federal Republic]] na 2022,{{sfn | Ufuoma | 2022}} mana Adichie jụrụ ọkwa mba ahụ.{{sfn|Olaiya|2022}} Na 30 Disemba 2022, e nyere Adichie nsọpụrụ site n'inye [[ndị isi Naịjirịa|aha nke &quot;Odeluwa&quot;]], ọkwa onyeisi, site n'aka obodo ya bụ Abba na [[Anambra State]], nke mere ka ọ bụrụ nwanyị mbụ natara ọkwa onyeisi na Abba.{{sfn|Edeme|2022b}}{{sfn|Okogba|2023}}

== Ndekọ akwụkwọ ==

=== Akwụkwọ akụkọ ===
* {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Purple Hibiscus]] |publisher=[[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] |year=2003 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=London |ref=none}}
* {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Half of a Yellow Sun]] |publisher=[[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] |year=2006 |isbn=978-1-4000-4416-0 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=London |author-mask=2 |ref=none}}
* {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Americanah]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2013 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}}
* {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Dream Count]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2025 |isbn=978-0-593-80272-4 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}}

=== Nchịkọta akụkọ dị mkpirikpi ===

* {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[The Thing Around Your Neck]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2009 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}}

=== Akwụkwọ ncheta ===

* {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Notes on Grief]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2021 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}}

=== Akwụkwọ ndị na-abụghị akụkọ ifo ===

* {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[We Should All Be Feminists]] |publisher=[[Anchor Books]] |year=2014 |isbn=978-1-101-91176-1 |edition=paperback 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}}
* {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2017 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}}

== Edensibia ==
===Notes===
{{notelist}}
===Citations===
{{Reflist}}
===Sources===
{{Refbegin|30em}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Abba |first1=Abba A. |title=Remediating Biafra: Adichie's Half of a Yellow Sun as a Symbolic Vehicle of Postwar Reconciliation |journal=[[Research in African Literatures]] |date=Winter 2021 |volume=51 |issue=4 |pages=1–17 |doi=10.2979/reseafrilite.51.4.01 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/3/article/798051/pdf |access-date=2 May 2024 |publisher=[[Indiana University Press]] |location=Bloomington, Indiana |issn=0034-5210 |oclc=9144124984 |url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required |via=[[Project Muse]]}}
* {{cite news |last=Abimbola |first=Oluwakemi |title=Chimamanda Adichie Tackles Hillary Clinton over Twitter Bio |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-tackles-hillary-clinton-over-twitter-bio/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Punch]] |date=23 April 2018 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153337/https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-tackles-hillary-clinton-over-twitter-bio/ |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |last=Adebayo |first=Bukola |title=Hillary Clinton Has Changed Her Twitter Bio and It Does Not Start with Wife |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/04/24/africa/chimamanda-adichie-hillary-clinton-wife-africa/index.html |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[CNN]] |date=2 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153338/https://edition.cnn.com/2018/04/24/africa/chimamanda-adichie-hillary-clinton-wife-africa/index.html |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite web | last=Adeduyite | first=Okiki | title=Chimamanda Adichie to headline 2025 Things Fall Apart festival in Enugu | website=[[The Punch]] | date=14 May 2025 | url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-to-headline-2025-things-fall-apart-festival-in-enugu/ | access-date=14 July 2026 }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Adichie |first1=Amanda Ngozi |title=My Mother, the Crazy African |journal=In Posse Review |date=2000 |volume=Multi-Ethnic Anthology |url=http://www.webdelsol.com/InPosse/anthology_index.htm |publisher=Spectrum Publishers |location=San Francisco, California |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331193207/http://www.webdelsol.com/InPosse/anthology_index.htm |archive-date=31 March 2024 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=Truth and Lies |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2006/sep/16/fiction.society |access-date=31 March 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |location=London, UK |date=15 September 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331225357/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2006/sep/16/fiction.society |archive-date=31 March 2024 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite web |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=Why Can't a Smart Woman Love Fashion? |url=https://www.elle.com/fashion/personal-style/a12670/personal-essay-on-style-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=29 April 2024 |website=[[Elle (magazine)|Elle.com]] |date=20 February 2014 |publisher=[[Hearst Magazines|Hearst Magazines Digital Media]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240407214558/https://www.elle.com/fashion/personal-style/a12670/personal-essay-on-style-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=7 April 2024 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozie |title=Sognare come un'unica umanità |url=https://www.osservatoreromano.va/it/news/2021-07/quo-149/sognare-br-come-un-unica-umanita.html |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[L'Osservatore Romano]] |date=5 July 2021 |location=Vatican City |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126084417/https://www.osservatoreromano.va/it/news/2021-07/quo-149/sognare-br-come-un-unica-umanita.html |archive-date=26 November 2022 |language=Italian |trans-title=Dreaming as a Single Humanity |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |last=Agbo |first=Njideka |title=Chimamanda Adichie Wins Shorty Awards Literature Prize |url=https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-wins-shorty-awards-literature-prize/ |access-date=13 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=19 April 2018a |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210621050746/https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-wins-shorty-awards-literature-prize/ |archive-date=21 June 2021 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |last=Agbo |first=Njideka |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: The Fearless Writer |url=https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-the-fearless-writer/ |access-date=3 April 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=26 September 2018b |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240403164300/https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-the-fearless-writer/ |archive-date=3 April 2024 |url-status=live }}
*{{cite news |last=Akhabau |first=Izin |title=Akwaeke Emezi: Non-binary Author Shares Heartbreak at Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.voice-online.co.uk/entertainment/books/2020/11/18/akwaeke-emezi-non-binary-author-shares-heartbreak-at-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=19 November 2020 |work=[[The Voice (British newspaper)|The Voice]] |date=18 November 2020 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://archive.today/20201125215845/https://www.voice-online.co.uk/entertainment/books/2020/11/18/akwaeke-emezi-non-binary-author-shares-heartbreak-at-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=25 November 2020 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |last=Akinyoade |first=Akinwale |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Reveals How She Came about the Name 'Chimamanda' |url=https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-reveals-how-she-came-about-the-name-chimamanda/ |access-date=17 April 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=5 January 2021 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240425005651/https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-reveals-how-she-came-about-the-name-chimamanda/ |archive-date=25 April 2024 |url-status=live }}
*{{cite news |last=Allardice |first=Lisa |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'America under Trump felt like a personal loss' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/14/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-america-under-trump-felt-like-a-personal-loss |access-date=15 November 2020 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=14 November 2020 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://archive.today/20201115211512/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/14/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-america-under-trump-felt-like-a-personal-loss |archive-date=15 November 2020 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite web |last=Anasuya |first=Shreya Ila |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Speaks as Well as She Writes, Maybe Better |url=https://scroll.in/article/735501/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-speaks-as-well-as-she-writes-maybe-better |access-date=10 May 2024 |website=[[Scroll.in]] |date=20 June 2015 |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230605010346/https://scroll.in/article/735501/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-speaks-as-well-as-she-writes-maybe-better |archive-date=5 June 2023 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite web |title=Announcing the National Book Critics Awards Finalists for Publishing Year 2013 |url=http://bookcritics.org/blog/archive/announcing-the-national-book-critics-awards-finalists |access-date=14 January 2014 |website=bookcritics.org |publisher=[[National Book Critics Circle]] |date=14 January 2014 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140115014055/http://bookcritics.org/blog/archive/announcing-the-national-book-critics-awards-finalists |archive-date=15 January 2014 |ref={{sfnref|National Book Critics|2014}} }}
* {{cite news |last=Anthony |first=Joseph |title=Exploring the Literary Genius of Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://heraldngr.com/2023/04/exploring-the-literary-genius-of-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |access-date=27 March 2024 |work=[[The Herald (Nigeria)|Herald Nigeria]] |date=9 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327113929/https://heraldngr.com/2023/04/exploring-the-literary-genius-of-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |archive-date=27 March 2024 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite magazine |last=Anya |first=Ike |title=In the Footsteps of Achebe: Enter Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.africanwriter.com/in-the-footsteps-of-achebe-enter-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=31 March 2024 |magazine=African Writer |date=15 October 2005 |publisher=African Writer Magazine |location=Williamstown, New Jersey |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004131649/https://www.africanwriter.com/in-the-footsteps-of-achebe-enter-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=4 October 2023 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |last=Assheton |first=Richard |title=What the Outspoken Author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Told Me at Dinner |url=https://www.thetimes.com/culture/books/article/what-the-outspoken-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-told-me-at-dinner-kgm3gtdjw |access-date=22 May 2024 |work=[[The Times]] |date=1 September 2023 |location=London, UK }}
* {{cite news |last=Augoye |first=Jayne |title=Why I Stopped Attending Catholic Churches in Nigeria — Chimamanda Adichie |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/434475-why-i-stopped-attending-catholic-churches-in-nigeria-chimamanda-adichie.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=[[Premium Times]] |date=2 January 2021 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240509112927/https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/434475-why-i-stopped-attending-catholic-churches-in-nigeria-chimamanda-adichie.html |archive-date=9 May 2024 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |last=Ayo-Aderele |first=Adesola |title=Chimamanda Elected into US Academy of Arts and Science |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-elected-into-us-academy-of-arts-and-science/ |access-date=8 February 2021 |newspaper=[[The Punch]] |date=12 April 2017 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126061829/https://punchng.com/chimamanda-elected-into-us-academy-of-arts-and-science/ |archive-date=26 January 2022 |url-status=live }}
*{{cite news |last=Baska |first=Maggie |title=Author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Doubles Down on Anti-trans Views |url=https://www.thepinknews.com/2022/12/01/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-trans-women/ |access-date=19 March 2024 |work=[[PinkNews]] |date=1 December 2022 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231230131704/https://www.thepinknews.com/2022/12/01/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-trans-women/ |archive-date=30 December 2023 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite journal |last=Behrmann |first=Erika M. |title=Book and Media Reviews: Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi. 'We Should All Be Feminists', TEDxEuston Talk. |doi=10.1080/07491409.2017.1334456 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07491409.2017.1334456?scroll=top&amp;needAccess=true |access-date=11 May 2024 |journal=[[Women's Studies in Communication]] |date=July 2017 |volume=40 |issue=3 |pages=315–316 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire |issn=0749-1409 |oclc=7082968906 |url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required|via=[[Taylor &amp; Francis]]}}
*{{cite book |last1=Bernardi |first1=Floriana |last2=Picarelli |first2=Enrica |editor1-last=Paulicelli |editor1-first=Eugenia |editor1-link=Eugenia Paulicelli |editor2-last=Manlow |editor2-first=Veronica |editor3-last=Wissinger |editor3-first=Elizabeth |title=The Routledge Companion to Fashion Studies |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0Lo8EAAAQBAJ&amp;dq=The%20Routledge%20Companion%20to%20Fashion%20Studies%2C%20adichie&amp;pg=PT228 |date=2022 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire |chapter=[[DOI:10.4324/9780429264405-22|22. Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie as Fashion Icon: Addressing Nationalism and Feminism with Style]] |pages=215–222 |doi=10.4324/9780429264405-22 |isbn=978-0-367-20956-8 }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Bhuta |first1=Aishwarya |title=Book Review: Adichie, C.N., ''Dear Ijeawele, or a Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions'', London: Fourth Estate, 2017. 80 pages, ₹250. ISBN 978-0-00-824103-2 |journal=[[Indian Journal of Gender Studies]] |date=June 2018 |volume=25 |issue=2 |pages=319–323 |doi=10.1177/0971521518761445 |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0971521518761445 |access-date=9 May 2024 |publisher=[[SAGE Publications]] |location=Thousand Oaks, California |issn=0971-5215 |oclc=7651369612 |url-access=subscription }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Bragg |first1=Beauty |title=Racial Identification, Diaspora Subjectivity, and Black Consciousness in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Americanah and Helen Oyeyemi's Boy, Snow, Bird |journal=[[South Atlantic Review]] |date=Winter 2017 |volume=82 |issue=4 |pages=121–138 |jstor=90017450 |issn=0277-335X |oclc=9970616626}}
* {{cite web |last=Braimah |first=Ayodale |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie (1977–) |url=https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/adichie-chimamanda-ngozi-1977/ |access-date=16 August 2022 |website=[[BlackPast.org|BlackPast]] |date=13 February 2018 |publisher=BlackPast.org |location=Seattle, Washington |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220810173946/https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/adichie-chimamanda-ngozi-1977/ |archive-date=10 August 2022 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |last=Brockes |first=Emma |author-link=Emma Brockes |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'Can people please stop telling me feminism is hot?' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/mar/04/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-stop-telling-me-feminism-hot |access-date=22 August 2017 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=4 March 2017 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190903133059/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/mar/04/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-stop-telling-me-feminism-hot |archive-date=3 September 2019 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |last=Broom |first=Sarah M. |author-link=Sarah M. Broom |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'My Madness Will Now Bare Itself' |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/09/books/review/notes-on-grief-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |access-date=30 April 2024 |url-access=limited |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=9 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502021205/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/09/books/review/notes-on-grief-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |archive-date=2 May 2024 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite web |last=Brown |first=Lauren Alix |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'Sometimes it feels like the universe is conspiring against me' |website=Quartz |date=11 December 2017 |url=https://qz.com/quartzy/1133732/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-talks-about-feminism-and-raising-her-daughter-in-a-gendered-world |access-date=14 May 2024 }}
* {{cite web | last=Busby | first=Margaret | author-link=Margaret Busby | title=Africa39: how we chose the writers for Port Harcourt World Book Capital 2014 | website=[[The Guardian]] | date=10 April 2014 | url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/booksblog/2014/apr/10/port-harcourt-world-book-capital-2014-africa-39 | access-date=14 July 2026 | location=London, UK }}
* {{cite news |last=Busby |first=Margaret |author-link=Margaret Busby |title=Buchi Emecheta Obituary |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/feb/03/buchi-emecheta-obituary |access-date=14 November 2020 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=3 February 2017 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170204094646/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/feb/03/buchi-emecheta-obituary |archive-date=4 February 2017 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |last=Cain |first=Sian |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Slams BBC 'Ambush' with Trump Supporter |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/nov/28/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-slams-bbc-ambush-with-trump-supporter-newsnight |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=28 November 2016 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153327/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/nov/28/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-slams-bbc-ambush-with-trump-supporter-newsnight |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |last=Calkin |first=Jessamy |title=Love in the Time of Cornrows: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie on Her New Novel |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/authorinterviews/9968921/Love-in-the-time-of-cornrows-Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-on-her-new-novel.html |access-date=11 May 2024 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=6 April 2013 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207182012/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/authorinterviews/9968921/Love-in-the-time-of-cornrows-Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-on-her-new-novel.html |archive-date=7 December 2023 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite journal |last=Camminga |first=B. |title=Disregard and Danger: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie and the Voices of Trans (And Cis) African Feminists |doi=10.1177/0038026120934695 |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0038026120934695 |access-date=8 May 2024 |journal=[[The Sociological Review]] |date=July 2020 |volume=68 |issue=4 |pages=817–833 |publisher=[[Sage Publishing]] |location=Thousand Oaks, California |issn=0038-0261 |oclc=8643495664 |url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required|via=[[Sage Publishing|SAGE Journals]]}}
* {{cite book |last1=Carotenuto |first1=Silvana |editor1-last=Ememyonu |editor1-first=Ernest N. |editor-link=Ernest Emenyonu |title=A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |date=2017 |publisher=[[James Currey]] |location=Woodbridge, Suffolk |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXkVvgAACAAJ&amp;pg=PA18 |chapter=12. 'A Kind of Paradise' Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Claim to Agency, Responsibility &amp; Writing |pages=169–184 |chapter-url=https://unora.unior.it/retrieve/handle/11574/171405/29601/Companion%20to%20Chimamanda%20first%20proofs%20inc%20re-run%20Appendix-%20S%20Carotenuto.pdf |isbn=978-1-84701-162-6 }}
* {{cite magazine |last=Chela |first=Efemia |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Named a Nouvelle Héroïne of Literature in France |url=https://johannesburgreviewofbooks.com/2017/08/07/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-named-a-nouvelle-heroine-of-literature-in-france/ |access-date=15 May 2024 |magazine=[[The Johannesburg Review of Books]] |date=7 August 2017 |publisher=Ben Williams Publishing |location=Johannesburg, South Africa |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240221180302/https://johannesburgreviewofbooks.com/2017/08/07/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-named-a-nouvelle-heroine-of-literature-in-france/ |archive-date=21 February 2024 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |title=Chimamanda Adichie – Quintessence of a Literary Icon |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201808060087.html |access-date=6 May 2024 |work=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]] |agency=[[AllAfrica]] |date=5 August 2018 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |id={{Gale|A550692546}} |ref={{sfnref|''Leadership''|2018}} }}
* {{cite magazine |title=Chimamanda Adichie Schools White Man: 'You Don't Get To Define Racism' |url=https://www.theroot.com/watch-chimamanda-adichie-schools-white-man-you-don-t-1790857702 |access-date=20 May 2024 |magazine=[[The Root (magazine)|The Root]] |date=12 November 2016 |publisher=[[G/O Media]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153327/https://www.theroot.com/watch-chimamanda-adichie-schools-white-man-you-don-t-1790857702 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The Root''|2016}} }}
*{{cite news |title=Chimamanda Adichie Wins French Literary Award |url=https://www.thecable.ng/chimamanda-adichie-wins-french-literary-award/ |access-date=15 May 2024 |work=[[TheCable]] |date=6 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517085832/https://www.thecable.ng/chimamanda-adichie-wins-french-literary-award |archive-date=17 May 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''TheCable''|2017}} }}
* {{cite news |title=Chimamanda Makes History as First African to Speak at Yale's Class Day |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/05/chimamanda-makes-history-as-first-african-to-speak-at-yales-class-day/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] |date=20 May 2019 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181154/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/05/chimamanda-makes-history-as-first-african-to-speak-at-yales-class-day/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Vanguard''|2019}} }}
* {{cite news |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, a Pride to Africa, a Treasure to the World |url=https://businessday.ng/offduty/article/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-a-pride-to-africa-a-treasure-to-the-world-2/ |access-date=23 March 2024 |work=[[Business Day (Nigeria)|Business Day]] |date=24 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323124934/https://businessday.ng/offduty/article/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-a-pride-to-africa-a-treasure-to-the-world-2/ |archive-date=23 March 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Business Day''|2016}} }}
* {{cite | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Dream Count Homecoming Tour: A Photo Diary | date=5 August 2025 | url=https://brittlepaper.com/2025/08/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-dream-count-homecoming-tour-a-photo-diary/ |website=[[Brittle Paper]]| language=en-US | ref={{sfnref|''Brittle Paper''|2025}} | access-date=14 July 2026}}
* {{cite news |title=Chimamanda's Mother for Burial May 1 |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/03/17/chimamandas-mother-for-burial-may-1/ |access-date=12 March 2022 |work=[[This Day]] |date=16 March 2021 |location=Apapa, Lagos |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522165155/https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/03/17/chimamandas-mother-for-burial-may-1/ |archive-date=22 May 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''This Day''|2021}} }}
* {{cite news |title=Chimamanda to Receive 16th Honorary PhD from the Catholic University of Louvain Belgium |url=https://guardian.ng/news/nigeria/chimamanda-to-receive-16th-honorary-phd-from-the-catholic-university-of-louvain-belgium/ |access-date=22 March 2022 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=22 March 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220322100849/https://guardian.ng/news/nigeria/chimamanda-to-receive-16th-honorary-phd-from-the-catholic-university-of-louvain-belgium/ |archive-date=22 March 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Guardian Nigeria''|2022}} }}
* {{cite news |last=Chutel |first=Lynsey |title=Award-Winning Author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Has Had a Baby, Not That It's Anyone's Business |url=http://qz.com/722822/award-winning-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-has-had-a-baby-not-that-its-anyones-business/ |access-date=3 July 2016 |work=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]] |date=3 July 2016 |publisher=[[G/O Media]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160704125129/http://qz.com/722822/award-winning-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-has-had-a-baby-not-that-its-anyones-business/ |archive-date=4 July 2016 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite web |last=Crockett |first=Emily |title=The Controversy over Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie and Trans Women, Explained |url=https://www.vox.com/identities/2017/3/15/14910900/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-transgender-women-comments-apology |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |date=15 March 2017 |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240325165825/https://www.vox.com/identities/2017/3/15/14910900/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-transgender-women-comments-apology |archive-date=25 March 2024 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite web | last=Cummins | first=Anthony | title=Dream Count by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie review – candid conversations with friends | website=[[The Guardian]] | date=2 March 2025 | url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/mar/02/dream-count-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-review-candid-conversations-with-friends | access-date=14 July 2026 }}
* {{cite magazine |title=Curriculum Vitae: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://magazine.krieger.jhu.edu/2015/11/curriculum-vitae-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=1 April 2024 |magazine=A &amp; S Magazine |date=Fall 2015 |volume=13 |issue=1 |publisher=Zanvyl Krieger School of Arts &amp; Sciences, [[Johns Hopkins University]] |location=Baltimore, Maryland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002220404/https://magazine.krieger.jhu.edu/2015/11/curriculum-vitae-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=2 October 2023 |ref={{sfnref|Krieger|2015}} }}
* {{cite book |last1=Dabiri |first1=Emma |author-link=Emma Dabiri |editor1-last=Beyer |editor1-first=Theresa |editor2-last=Burkhalter |editor2-first=Thomas |editor3-last=Liechti |editor3-first=Hannes |title=Seismographic Sounds: Visions of a New World |date=2015 |publisher=Norient |location=Berne, Switzerland |chapter=Re-Imagining Gender in Nigeria |chapter-url=https://norient.com/stories/gender-in-nigeria?topic=97 |isbn=978-3-9524496-0-8}}
* {{cite web |last=Danielle |first=Britni |date=2014-03-20 |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Defends Beyoncé: 'Whoever Says They're Feminist is Bloody Feminist' |url=http://www.clutchmagonline.com/2014/03/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-defends-beyonce-asks-shouldnt-women-sexuality/ |website=Clutch Magazine Online |location=Houston, Texas |publisher=Sutton Media |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140325224952/http://www.clutchmagonline.com/2014/03/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-defends-beyonce-asks-shouldnt-women-sexuality/ |archive-date=2014-03-25 |access-date=2026-04-25 |accessdate=2026-07-14 |archivedate=2014-04-23 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140423173503/http://www.clutchmagonline.com/2014/03/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-defends-beyonce-asks-shouldnt-women-sexuality/ }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Daniels |first1=Juliana |title=Alternative Feminism: Interrogating Marriage and Motherhood in Chimamanda Ngozie Adichie's ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' and ''Purple Hibiscus'' |journal=The International Journal of Humanities Education |date=2022 |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=53–66 |doi=10.18848/2327-0063/CGP/v21i01/53-66 |publisher=Common Ground Research Network, [[University of Illinois]] |location=Champaign, Illinois |issn=2327-0063 |oclc=9695413750 |id={{ProQuest|2743806195}}}}
* {{cite web |last=Dayo |first=Bernard |title=Read Chimamanda Adichie's Elegantly Moving Tribute to Binyavanga Wainaina and Cry with Us |url=https://ynaija.com/read-chimamanda-adichies-elegantly-moving-tribute-to-binyavanga-wainaina-and-cry-with-us/ |access-date=23 March 2024 |website=[[YNaija]] |date=28 May 2019 |publisher=Generation Y! |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200821225008/https://ynaija.com/read-chimamanda-adichies-elegantly-moving-tribute-to-binyavanga-wainaina-and-cry-with-us/ |archive-date=21 August 2020 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite journal |last=Dube |first=Musa W. |author-link=Musa Dube |title=Purple Hibiscus: A Postcolonial Feminist Reading |url=https://doaj.org/article/e1e37b7a0049415e8f108572b16ad66a |doi=10.7832/46-2-311 |journal=Missionalia |date=April 2019 |volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=222–235 |publisher=[[Stellenbosch University]] |location=Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa |issn=0256-9507 |oclc=8081262364 |doi-access=free }}
* {{cite news |last=Edeme |first=Victoria |title=Chimamanda Adichie Receives Harvard's Highest Honour |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-receives-harvards-highest-honour/ |access-date=5 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Punch]] |date=7 October 2022a |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505231800/https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-receives-harvards-highest-honour/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |last=Edeme |first=Victoria |date=30 December 2022b |title=Pictorial: Chimamanda Adichie receives chieftaincy title in hometown |work=Punch |url=https://punchng.com/pictorial-chimamanda-adichie-receives-chieftaincy-title-in-hometown/ |access-date=11 October 2024 }}
* {{cite news |last=Edwardes |first=Charlotte |date=15 February 2025 |title='Cancel culture? We should stop it. End of story': Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie on backlash, writer's block – and her new baby twins |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/feb/15/cancel-culture-we-should-stop-it-end-of-story-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-on-backlash-writers-block-and-her-two-new-babies |access-date=4 March 2025 }}
* {{cite book |last1=Egbunike |first1=Louisa Uchum |editor1-last=Ememyonu |editor1-first=Ernest N. |editor-link=Ernest Emenyonu |title=A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |date=2017 |publisher=[[James Currey]] |location=Woodbridge, Suffolk |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXkVvgAACAAJ&amp;pg=PA18 |chapter=1. Narrating the Past: Orality, History &amp; the Production of Knowledge in the Works of Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |pages=15–30 |isbn=978-1-84701-162-6}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Ejikeme |first1=Anene |title=The Women of Things Fall Apart, Speaking from a Different Perspective: Chimamanda Adichie's Headstrong Storytellers |journal=Meridians |date=2017 |volume=15 |issue=2 |pages=307–329 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/3/article/672856/pdf |access-date=1 May 2024 |publisher=[[Duke University Press]] |location=Durham, North Carolina |doi=10.2979/meridians.15.2.02 |issn=1536-6936 |oclc=8870766018 |url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required |via=[[Project Muse]]}}
* {{cite web |last=Ekpo |first=Nathan Nathaniel |title='British Women did not own properties, but Igbo Women could trade and own properties'—Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.modernghana.com/nollywood/34094/british-women-did-not-own-properties-but-igbo-women-could.html |access-date=20 May 2024 |website=[[ModernGhana]] |date=7 May 2018 |publisher=Modern Ghana Media Communication Ltd. |location=Accra, Ghana |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517181401/https://www.modernghana.com/nollywood/34094/british-women-did-not-own-properties-but-igbo-women-could.html |archive-date=17 May 2024 |url-status=live }}
*{{cite news |title=El madrileño barrio de la Concepción se une para exigir que no se toque un mural feminista |url=https://www.elmundo.es/madrid/2021/01/24/600da5da21efa05b308b4641.html |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[El Mundo (Spain)|El Mundo]] |agency=[[EFE]] |date=24 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240514214712/https://www.elmundo.es/madrid/2021/01/24/600da5da21efa05b308b4641.html |archive-date=14 May 2024 |location=Madrid, Spain |language=Spanish |trans-title=The Madrid Neighborhood of la Concepción Unites to Demand That a Feminist Mural Not Be Touched |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''El Mundo''|2021}} }}
* {{cite book |last1=Ememyonu |first1=Ernest N. |author-link=Ernest Emenyonu |editor1-last=Ememyonu |editor1-first=Ernest N. |title=A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |date=2017 |publisher=[[James Currey]] |location=Woodbridge, Suffolk |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXkVvgAACAAJ&amp;pg=PA3 |chapter=Introduction |pages=1–14 |isbn=978-1-84701-162-6}}
* {{cite news |last=Erezi |first=Dennis |title=Chimamanda Adichie Delivers Lecture at American University Commencement Ceremony |url=https://guardian.ng/news/chimamanda-adichie-delivers-lecture-at-american-university-commencement-ceremony/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=13 May 2019 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181144/https://guardian.ng/news/chimamanda-adichie-delivers-lecture-at-american-university-commencement-ceremony/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live }}
*{{cite news |last1=Espinoza Cárdenas |first1=Natalia |title=El feminismo da el vamos a Congreso Futuro con charla de Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: &quot;Hay que abrirse a conocer las otras historias&quot; |url=https://www.elmostrador.cl/destacado/2020/01/13/el-feminismo-da-el-vamos-a-congreso-futuro-con-charla-de-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-hay-que-abrirse-a-conocer-las-otras-historias/ |access-date=17 May 2024 |work=[[El Mostrador]] |date=13 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240514214710/https://www.elmostrador.cl/destacado/2020/01/13/el-feminismo-da-el-vamos-a-congreso-futuro-con-charla-de-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-hay-que-abrirse-a-conocer-las-otras-historias/ |archive-date=14 May 2024 |location=Providencia, Chile |language=Spanish |trans-title=Feminism Kicks Off the Future Congress with a Talk by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'We have to be open to knowing the other stories' |url-status=live }}
* {{cite web | last=Ewokor | first=Chris | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Nigeria to hold inquest into death of author's toddler | website=[[BBC]] | date=26 February 2026 | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cwygr2nzdp9o | access-date=14 July 2026 | location=London, UK }}
* {{cite web |last=Felperin |first=Leslie |title=''Half of a Yellow Sun'': London Review |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=11 October 2013 |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/a-yellow-sun-london-review-647828/ |access-date=23 April 2024 |location=Los Angeles, California |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120195053/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/a-yellow-sun-london-review-647828/ |archive-date=20 November 2023 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Wins US National Book Critics Circle Award |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/mar/14/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-national-book-critics-circle-awards |access-date=7 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=14 March 2014 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116001615/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/mar/14/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-national-book-critics-circle-awards |archive-date=16 January 2024 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Wins PEN Pinter Prize |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/jun/12/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wins-pen-pinter-prize |access-date=15 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=12 June 2018a |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240104065757/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/jun/12/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wins-pen-pinter-prize |archive-date=4 January 2024 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Accepts PEN Pinter Prize with Call to Speak Out |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/oct/09/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-accepts-pen-pinter-prize-with-call-to-speak-out |access-date=15 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=9 October 2018b |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802141640/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/oct/09/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-accepts-pen-pinter-prize-with-call-to-speak-out |archive-date=2 August 2023 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |last1=Flood |first1=Alison |title=Binyavanga Wainaina, Kenyan Author and Gay Rights Activist, Dies Aged 48 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/may/22/binyavanga-wainaina-kenyan-author-and-gay-rights-activist-dies-aged-48 |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=22 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230628153712/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/may/22/binyavanga-wainaina-kenyan-author-and-gay-rights-activist-dies-aged-48 |archive-date=28 June 2023 |location=London, UK |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Voted Women's Prize 'Winner of Winners' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/12/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-half-of-a-yellow-sun-voted-womens-prize-winner-of-winners |access-date=19 May 2021 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=12 November 2020 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240105135522/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/12/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-half-of-a-yellow-sun-voted-womens-prize-winner-of-winners |archive-date=5 January 2024 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie to Publish Memoir about Her Father's Death |url=http://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/feb/11/Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-to-publish-memoir-about-her-fathers-death |access-date=27 February 2021 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=11 February 2021a |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230916054818/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/feb/11/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-to-publish-memoir-about-her-fathers-death |archive-date=16 September 2023 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title='It is obscene': Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Pens Blistering Essay against Social Media Sanctimony |url=http://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/jun/16/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-social-media-sanctimony |access-date=30 June 2021 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=16 June 2021b |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629185700/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/jun/16/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-social-media-sanctimony |archive-date=29 June 2021 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite web |title=Four Speakers to Deliver the BBC Radio 4 Reith Lectures 2022 |url=https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/2022/bbc-radio-4-reith-lectures |access-date=2 December 2022 |website=Media Centre |publisher=[[BBC]] |date=30 September 2022 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323035233/https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/2022/bbc-radio-4-reith-lectures |archive-date=23 March 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|BBC Radio|2022}} }}
*{{cite news |last1=Germain |first1=Nicolas |title=Video: Nigerian Author's 'Americanah' Comes to France |url=https://www.france24.com/en/20150123-video-literature-nigerian-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-published-france |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[France 24]] |date=23 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221017231904/https://www.france24.com/en/20150123-video-literature-nigerian-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-published-france |archive-date=17 October 2022 |location=Paris, France |url-status=live }}
* {{cite web | last=Glynn | first=Paul | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Nigerian author 'devastated' by death of young son | website=[[BBC]] | date=8 January 2026 | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c62wx32re2po | access-date=14 July 2026 | location=London, UK }}
* {{cite news |last=Gonçalves |first=Emily |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Talks Feminism and Story-Telling |url=https://vanderbilthustler.com/2019/11/22/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-talks-feminism-and-story-telling/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[The Vanderbilt Hustler]] |date=22 November 2019 |publisher=[[Vanderbilt University]] |location=Nashville, Tennessee |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507030142/https://vanderbilthustler.com/2019/11/22/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-talks-feminism-and-story-telling/ |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite web |last=Gopalakrishnan |first=Manasi |title=Merkel Speaks with Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.dw.com/en/angela-merkel-and-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-in-conversation/a-59131973 |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[Deutsche Welle]] |date=9 September 2021 |location=Bonn, Germany |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231009030959/https://www.dw.com/en/angela-merkel-and-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-in-conversation/a-59131973 |archive-date=9 October 2023 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite web |last=Grady |first=Constance |title=Hillary Clinton and Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Talk Censorship, Feminism, and Pizzagate |url=https://www.vox.com/culture/2018/4/24/17271638/hillary-clinton-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-arthur-miller-freedom-write-pen-america-world-voices |access-date=20 May 2024 |website=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |date=24 April 2018 |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153327/https://www.vox.com/culture/2018/4/24/17271638/hillary-clinton-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-arthur-miller-freedom-write-pen-america-world-voices |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |last=Greenberg |first=Zoe |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Blueprint for Feminism |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/15/books/chimamanda-ngozi-adiche-dear-ijeawele.html |access-date=22 March 2024 |url-access=limited |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=15 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615032303/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/15/books/chimamanda-ngozi-adiche-dear-ijeawele.html |archive-date=15 June 2018 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Hewett |first1=Heather |title=Coming of Age: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie and the Voice of the Third Generation |journal=English in Africa |date=May 2005 |volume=32 |issue=1 |pages=73–97 |jstor=40239030 |issn=0376-8902 |oclc=5878056558}}
* {{cite web |last=Hobdy |first=Dominique |title=Why 'Americanah' Author Chimamanda Ngozi Is All About Nigerian Designers |url=https://www.essence.com/fashion/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wear-nigerian/ |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[Essence (magazine)|Essence.com]] |date=26 October 2020 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507151043/https://www.essence.com/fashion/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wear-nigerian/ |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite magazine |last=Ibeh |first=Chukwuebuka |title=Chimamanda Adichie Debuts Children's Book Under the Pseudonym Nwa Grace James |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2022/04/chimamanda-adichie-debuts-childrens-book-under-the-pseudonym-nwa-grace-james/ |access-date=1 April 2023 |magazine=[[Brittle Paper]] |date=7 April 2022 |publisher=[[Ainehi Edoro]] |location=Chicago, Illinois |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401065833/https://brittlepaper.com/2022/04/chimamanda-adichie-debuts-childrens-book-under-the-pseudonym-nwa-grace-james/ |archive-date=1 April 2023 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |last=Idowu |first=Torera |title=This Is Why Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Is Only Wearing Nigerian Brands |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2017/05/09/africa/chimamanda-wear-nigerian-campaign/index.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=[[CNN]] |date=9 May 2017 |location=Atlanta, Georgia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507151042/https://edition.cnn.com/2017/05/09/africa/chimamanda-wear-nigerian-campaign/index.html |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite web | last=Ige | first=Olugbenga | title=Chimamanda Adichie loses 21-month-old son | website=[[The Punch]] | date=8 January 2026 | url=https://punchng.com/breaking-chimamanda-adichie-loses-son/ | access-date=14 July 2026 | location=Lagos, Nigeria }}
* {{cite journal |editor1-last=Igwe |editor1-first=Chidi |title=Profile: Professor Ernest Nneji Ememyonu |journal=ISA Newsletter |date=Winter 2017 |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=7–10 |url=https://www.igbostudies.org/images/newsletter/isa-newsletter-winter-2017.pdf |access-date=2 May 2024 |publisher=Igbo Studies Association |location=Milwaukee, Wisconsin |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240402022840/https://www.igbostudies.org/images/newsletter/isa-newsletter-winter-2017.pdf |archive-date=2 April 2024 |issn=2375-9720 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |last=Irvine |first=Lindesay |title=Adichie Wins a $500,000 Genius Grant |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2008/sep/24/fiction.awardsandprizes |access-date=22 March 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=24 September 2008 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240322201112/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2008/sep/24/fiction.awardsandprizes |archive-date=22 March 2024 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Ishaya |first1=Yusuf Tsojon |last2=Gunn |first2=Michael |title=Graphology as Style in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's ''The Thing Around Your Neck'' |url=https://www.ajol.info/index.php/lwati/article/view/224185/211488 |journal=LWATI: A Journal of Contemporary Research |date=March 2022 |volume=19 |issue=1 |pages=69–86 |publisher=Universal Academic Services |location=Beijing, China |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109035543/https://www.ajol.info/index.php/lwati/article/download/224185/211488 |archive-date=9 November 2022 |url-status=live |issn=1813-2227 }}
* {{cite web |last=Italie |first=Hillel |title=Tartt, Goodwin Awarded Carnegie Medals |url=http://seattletimes.com/html/books/2023957398_apxbookscarnegiemedals.html |access-date=1 July 2014 |work=[[The Seattle Times]] |agency=[[Associated Press]] |date=30 June 2014 |location=Seattle, Washington |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715012821/http://seattletimes.com/html/books/2023957398_apxbookscarnegiemedals.html |archive-date=15 July 2014 }}
* {{cite news |title=James Nwoye Adichie (1932&amp;nbsp;– 2020) |url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/james-nwoye-adichie-1932-2020/ |access-date=20 May 2021 |newspaper=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]] |date=3 July 2020 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522165157/https://www.sunnewsonline.com/james-nwoye-adichie-1932-2020/ |archive-date=22 May 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The Sun''|2020}} }}
* {{cite web |last=Jaschik |first=Scott |title=Debate at Barnard over Selection of Commencement Speaker |url=https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2016/02/29/debate-barnard-over-selection-commencement-speaker |access-date=7 May 2024 |website=[[Inside Higher Ed]] |date=28 February 2016 |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507165545/https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2016/02/29/debate-barnard-over-selection-commencement-speaker |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite magazine |last=Jones |first=Radhika |author-link=Radhika Jones |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: The World's 100 Most Influential People |url=http://time.com/3823296/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-2015-time-100/ |access-date=14 December 2015 |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=16 April 2015 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120210148/http://time.com/3823296/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-2015-time-100/ |archive-date=20 November 2015 }}
* {{cite web |title=Keynote: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://rikk.hi.is/en/opinn-fyrirlestur-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |website=RIKK |date=7 September 2021 |publisher=Reykjavík Institute for Gender, Equality and Difference |location=Reykjavík, Iceland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517223941/https://rikk.hi.is/en/opinn-fyrirlestur-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=17 May 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|RIKK|2021}} }}
*{{cite news |last=Kiene |first=Aimée |title=Ngozi Adichie: Beyoncé's Feminism Isn't My Feminism |url=http://www.volkskrant.nl/boeken/ngozi-adichie-beyonce-s-feminism-isn-t-my-feminism~a4390684/ |access-date=20 November 2020 |url-access=subscription |work=[[De Volkskrant]] |date=7 October 2016 |location=Amsterdam, Netherlands }}
* {{cite news |last=Kumolu |first=Charles |title=Chimamanda: From Pushing Boundaries to Harvard's Highest Honour |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] |date=2 October 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/10/chimamanda-from-pushing-boundaries-to-harvards-highest-honour/ |access-date=22 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240515170059/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/10/chimamanda-from-pushing-boundaries-to-harvards-highest-honour/ |archive-date=15 May 2024 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |last=Law |first=Katie |title=Zikora: A Short Story by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Review: A Taut Tale of Sexism and Single Motherhood |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/culture/books/zikora-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-book-review-a4573312.html |access-date=6 November 2020 |newspaper=[[Evening Standard]] |date=29 October 2020 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407183223/https://www.standard.co.uk/culture/books/zikora-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-book-review-a4573312.html |archive-date=7 April 2023 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Lecznar |first1=Matthew |title=Texts, Talks and Tailoring: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Fashion Politics |journal=[[Celebrity Studies]] |date=February 2017 |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=167–171 |doi=10.1080/19392397.2016.1275324 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19392397.2016.1275324 |access-date=13 May 2024 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire |issn=1939-2397 |oclc=7181681870 |url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required|via=[[Taylor &amp; Francis]]}}
* {{cite web | last=Lee | first=Helena | title=Dream Count by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: interview and release date | website=[[Harper's Bazaar#Harper's Bazaar UK|Harper's BAZAAR]] | date=5 March 2025 | url=https://www.harpersbazaar.com/uk/culture/a63957572/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-interview-dream-count/ | access-date=14 July 2026 | location=London, UK }}
* {{cite news |last=Lee |first=Nicole |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'Fear of Causing Offence Becomes a Fetish' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/may/11/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-fear-causing-offence-a-fetish |access-date=23 April 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=11 May 2015 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231102142352/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/may/11/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-fear-causing-offence-a-fetish |archive-date=2 November 2023 }}
*{{cite news |title=Libros infantiles para celebrar el Día de la Mujer |url=https://www.diariodesevilla.es/vivirensevilla/Libros-infantiles-celebrar-Dia-Mujer_0_1443155914.html |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[Diario de Sevilla]] |date=6 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221205144422/https://www.diariodesevilla.es/vivirensevilla/Libros-infantiles-celebrar-Dia-Mujer_0_1443155914.html |archive-date=5 December 2022 |location=Seville, Spain |language=Spanish |trans-title=Children's Books to Celebrate Women's Day |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Diario de Sevilla''|2020}} }}
* {{cite news |last=Lozada |first=Carlos |author-link=Carlos Lozada (journalist) |title=In Grieving for Her Father, a Novelist Discovers the Failure of Words |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2021/05/06/adichiegrief/ |access-date=17 June 2021 |url-access=limited |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=6 May 2021 |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210618195627/https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2021/05/06/adichiegrief/ |archive-date=18 June 2021 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite journal |last=Luckett |first=Jeanne B. |title=Practical Matters |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/212/article/700238/pdf |access-date=20 May 2024 |doi=10.1353/ewr.2018.0012 |journal=Eudora Welty Review |date=Spring 2018 |volume=10 |pages=155–163 |publisher=[[University of Pennsylvania Press]] |location=Philadelphia, Pennsylvania |issn=1947-3370 |oclc=9983914051 |url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required |via=[[Project Muse]]}}
* {{cite magazine |last=MacFarquhar |first=Larissa |author-link=Larissa MacFarquhar |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Comes to Terms with Global Fame |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2018/06/04/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-comes-to-terms-with-global-fame |access-date=17 June 2021 |url-access=limited |magazine=[[The New Yorker|New Yorker.com]] |date=28 May 2018 |location=New York City, New York }}
* {{cite journal |last=Madueke |first=Sylvia Ijeoma |title=On Translating Postcolonial African Writing: French Translation of Chimamanda Adichie's Half of a Yellow Sun |url=https://doaj.org/article/70e665defd2c44a894279e67311f3d6a |doi=10.21992/tc29446 |journal=TranscUlturAl |volume=11 |issue=1 |date=August 2019 |pages=49–66 |publisher=[[University of Alberta]] |location=Edmonton, Alberta |issn=1920-0323 |oclc=8615550149 |doi-access=free }}
* {{cite news |last=Majendie |first=Paul |title=Nigerian Author Wins Top Women's Fiction Prize |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/entertainmentNews/idUSL0627938220070606/ |access-date=7 May 2024 |work=[[Reuters]] |date=9 August 2007 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802141704/https://www.reuters.com/article/entertainmentNews/idUSL0627938220070606 |archive-date=2 August 2023 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite magazine |last=Malec |first=Jennifer |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Pays Touching Tribute to Binyavanga Wainaina: 'A great and rare and genuine talent' |url=https://johannesburgreviewofbooks.com/2017/07/26/the-jrb-daily-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-pays-touching-tribute-to-binyavanga-wainaina-a-great-and-rare-and-genuine-talent/ |access-date=21 February 2021 |magazine=[[The Johannesburg Review of Books]] |date=26 July 2017 |publisher=Ben Williams Publishing |location=Johannesburg, South Africa |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202193256/https://johannesburgreviewofbooks.com/2017/07/26/the-jrb-daily-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-pays-touching-tribute-to-binyavanga-wainaina-a-great-and-rare-and-genuine-talent/ |archive-date=2 December 2020 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite journal |last=Mannur |first=Anita |title=The Danger of a Singular Fashion: Studies of Race, Fashion, and Beauty in American Studies |doi=10.1353/aq.2017.0034 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/1/article/663338/pdf |access-date=9 May 2024 |journal=[[American Quarterly]] |date=June 2017 |volume=69 |issue=2 |pages=411–420 |publisher=[[Johns Hopkins University Press]] |location=Baltimore, Marylan |jstor=26360860 |issn=0003-0678 |oclc=7075078562 |url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required|via=[[Project Muse]]}}
* {{cite web |last=Martin |first=Michel |author-link=Michel Martin |title=Feminism Is Fashionable for Nigerian Writer Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.npr.org/2014/03/18/291133080/news-maker |access-date=5 April 2018 |website=[[Tell Me More]] |publisher=[[NPR]] |date=18 March 2014 |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190928211656/https://www.npr.org/2014/03/18/291133080/news-maker |archive-date=28 September 2019 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Mbah |first1=Victor Chukwudi |title=Themes and Techniques in African Novel: A Review of Ngozi Chimamanda Adichie's Half of a Yellow Sun |journal=Ansu Journal of Language and Literary Studies |date=2015 |volume=1 |issue=2 |pages=345–359 |url=https://ezenwaohaetorc.org/journals/index.php/AJLLS/article/view/215 |access-date=28 April 2024 |publisher=[[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University]] |location=Uli, Anambra, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231116025502/https://ezenwaohaetorc.org/journals/index.php/AJLLS/article/view/215 |archive-date=16 November 2023 |issn=2465-7352 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |last=McGrath |first=Charles |author-link=Charles McGrath (critic) |title=No Life Away from Her Books |url=https://www.theage.com.au/entertainment/books/no-life-away-from-her-books-20061008-ge39zh.html |access-date=22 April 2024 |url-access=limited |work=[[The Age]] |agency=[[The New York Times|New York Times Agency]] |date=8 October 2006 |location=Melbourne, Australia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240416174943/https://www.theage.com.au/entertainment/books/no-life-away-from-her-books-20061008-ge39zh.html |archive-date=16 April 2024 |url-status=live }}
*{{cite news |last1=Medeossi |first1=Paolo |title=Amore e guerraal tempo del Biafra |url=https://messaggeroveneto.gelocal.it/udine/cronaca/2009/01/29/news/amore_e_guerraal_tempo_del_biafra-4054228/ |access-date=17 May 2024 |work=[[Messaggero Veneto]] |date=29 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517131110/https://messaggeroveneto.gelocal.it/udine/cronaca/2009/01/29/news/amore_e_guerraal_tempo_del_biafra-4054228/ |archive-date=17 May 2024 |location=Udine, Italy |language=Italian |trans-title=Love and War in the Time of Biafra |url-status=live }}
* {{cite magazine |last=Medrano |first=Kastalia |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Continues To Be the Hero We Need |url=https://time.com/4587844/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-elle-fashion-week/ |access-date=9 May 2024 |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=1 December 2016 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231220063359/https://time.com/4587844/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-elle-fashion-week/ |archive-date=20 December 2023 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |title=Meghan Markle Puts Sinéad Burke on the Cover of Vogue's September Issue |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/fashion/meghan-markle-puts-sin%C3%A9ad-burke-on-the-cover-of-vogue-s-september-issue-1.3970604 |access-date=31 July 2019 |newspaper=[[The Irish Times]] |date=29 July 2019 |location=Dublin, Ireland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190729141808/https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/fashion/meghan-markle-puts-sin%C3%A9ad-burke-on-the-cover-of-vogue-s-september-issue-1.3970604 |archive-date=29 July 2019 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The Irish Times''|2019}} }}
* {{cite book |last=Mullane |first=Janet |editor-last=Trudeau |editor-first=Lawrence J. |title=Contemporary Literary Criticism |volume=364 |date=2014 |publisher=[[Cengage Group|Cengage Learning]] |location=Farmington Hills, Michigan |chapter=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |chapter-url=https://www.gale.com/intl/databases-explored/literature/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie |isbn=978-1-4144-9987-1}}
* {{cite news |last=Murray |first=Senan |title=The New Face of Nigerian Literature? |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/6731387.stm |access-date=26 August 2022 |work=[[BBC News]] |date=8 June 2007 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221122124722/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/6731387.stm |archive-date=22 November 2022 |url-status=live }}
*{{cite journal |last1=Musila |first1=Grace A. |title=Review: Ernest E. Emenyonu (editor), A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie. Woodbridge: James Currey (hb £30 – 978 1 84701 162 6; pb £17.99 – 978 1 84701 241 8). 2017, xii + 300 pp. |journal=[[Africa (journal)|Africa]] |date=August 2020 |volume=90 |issue=4 |pages=805–807 |doi=10.1017/S0001972020000467 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/A67F660512A187CF243A562962E5C76D/S0001972020000467a.pdf/ernest-e-emenyonu-editor-a-companion-to-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-woodbridge-james-currey-hb-pound30-978-1-84701-162-6-pb-pound1799-978-1-84701-241-8-2017-xii-300-pp.pdf |access-date=18 May 2024 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |location=Cambridge, Cambridgeshire |issn=0001-9720 |oclc=8639113471 }}
* {{cite book |last1=Ndula |first1=Janet |editor1-last=Ememyonu |editor1-first=Ernest N. |editor-link=Ernest Emenyonu |title=A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |date=2017 |publisher=[[James Currey]] |location=Woodbridge, Suffolk |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXkVvgAACAAJ&amp;pg=PA18 |chapter=2. Deconstructing Binary Oppositions of Gender in ''Purple Hibiscus '': A Review of Religious/Traditional Superiority &amp; Silence |pages=31–44 |isbn=978-1-84701-162-6}}
* {{cite journal |last=Nwankwọ |first=Izuu |title=Traditions of Naming in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Fiction |url=https://www.postcolonial.org/index.php/pct/article/download/2803/2612 |journal=Postcolonial Text |volume=18 |issue=3 |pages=1–17 |date=2023 |publisher=[[Sorbonne Paris North University]] |location=Villetaneuse, France |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240330225125/https://www.postcolonial.org/index.php/pct/article/download/2803/2612 |archive-date=30 March 2024 |issn=1705-9100 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite magazine |last=Obi-Young |first=Otosirieze |author-link=Otosirieze Obi-Young |title=As Sales Approach the Million Mark, Is Americanah Now Adichie's Signature Novel? |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2017/03/sales-approach-million-mark-americanah-adichies-signature/ |access-date=1 April 2023 |magazine=[[Brittle Paper]] |date=27 March 2017 |publisher=[[Ainehi Edoro]] |location=Chicago, Illinois |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327030356/https://brittlepaper.com/2017/03/sales-approach-million-mark-americanah-adichies-signature/ |archive-date=27 March 2024 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite magazine |last=Obi-Young |first=Otosirieze |author-link=Otosirieze Obi-Young |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Purple Hibiscus Turns 15: The Best Moments of a Modern Classic |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2018/10/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-purple-hibiscus-turns-15-the-best-moments-of-a-modern-classic/ |access-date=27 March 2024 |magazine=[[Brittle Paper]] |date=15 October 2018 |publisher=[[Ainehi Edoro]] |location=Chicago, Illinois |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327030329/https://brittlepaper.com/2018/10/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-purple-hibiscus-turns-15-the-best-moments-of-a-modern-classic/ |archive-date=27 March 2024 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite magazine |last=Obi-Young |first=Otosirieze |author-link=Otosirieze Obi-Young |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Is in a Different Place Now |url=https://opencountrymag.com/cover-story-sept-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-is-in-a-different-place-now/ |access-date=31 March 2024 |magazine=[[Open Country Mag]] |date=20 September 2021 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230602084010/https://opencountrymag.com/cover-story-sept-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-is-in-a-different-place-now/ |archive-date=2 June 2023 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite magazine |last=Obi-Young |first=Otosirieze |author-link=Otosirieze Obi-Young |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Children's Picture Book Coming in 2023 |url=https://opencountrymag.com/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-childrens-picture-book-coming-in-2023/ |access-date=1 April 2023 |website=Open Country Mag |date=4 April 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401065834/https://opencountrymag.com/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-childrens-picture-book-coming-in-2023/ |archive-date=1 April 2023 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite web | last=Oduah | first=Henry | title=Coroner suspends inquest into death of Chimamanda's son | website=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] | date=5 May 2026 | url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2026/05/coroner-suspends-inquest-into-death-of-chimamandas-son/ | access-date=14 July 2026 | location=Lagos, Nigeria }}
*{{cite journal |last1=Ogwude |first1=Sophia O. |title=History and Ideology in Chimamanda Adichie's Fiction |journal=[[Tydskrif vir Letterkunde]] |date=February 2011 |volume=48 |issue=1 |pages=110–123 |doi=10.4314/tvl.v48i1.63824 |url=https://scielo.org.za/pdf/tvl/v48n1/v48n1a09.pdf |access-date=17 May 2024 |publisher=[[University of Pretoria]] |location=Pretoria, South Africa |issn=0041-476X |oclc=923961739 }}
* {{cite web |last=Okachie |first=Leonard |title=Chimamanda Selected as Radcliffe Fellow |url=https://www.radcliffe.harvard.edu/news/in-news/chimamanda-selected-radcliffe-fellow |access-date=16 January 2017 |website=[[Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study|Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study News]] |date=19 May 2011 |publisher=[[Harvard University]] |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |archive-date=16 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191016180456/https://www.radcliffe.harvard.edu/news/in-news/chimamanda-selected-radcliffe-fellow |accessdate=14 July 2026 |archivedate=16 October 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191016180456/https://www.radcliffe.harvard.edu/news/in-news/chimamanda-selected-radcliffe-fellow }}
* {{cite web |last=Okafor |first=Chinedu |title=Chimamanda Adichie Comes under Same Fire as Rowling over Transphobia |url=https://ynaija.com/Chimamanda-Adichie-comes-under-same-fire-as-rowling-over-transphobia/ |access-date=20 November 2020 |website=[[YNaija]] |date=17 November 2020 |publisher=Generation Y! |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://archive.today/20201120105742/https://ynaija.com/chimamanda-adichie-comes-under-same-fire-as-rowling-over-transphobia/ |archive-date=20 November 2020 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite web | last=Okafor | first=Makuochi | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's family accuses Euracare Hospital of negligence over son's death | website=[[BBC]] | date=10 January 2026 | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c0lx09e618yo | access-date=11 January 2026 }}
* {{cite web | last=Okogba | first=Emmanuel | title=Chimamanda becomes first woman to receive chieftaincy title in hometown | website=Vanguard News | date=1 January 2023 | url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2023/01/chimamanda-becomes-first-woman-to-receive-chieftaincy-title-in-hometown/ | access-date=16 February 2025 }}
* {{cite journal |last=Okolo |first=Luke Ndudi |title=Thematic and Stylistic Analysis of Chimamanda Adichie's Purple Hibiscus |url=https://journals.ezenwaohaetorc.org/index.php/AJLLS/article/view/236 |access-date=23 April 2024 |journal=Ansu Journal of Language and Literary Studies |volume=1 |issue=3 |date=2016 |pages=1–13 |publisher=[[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University]] |location=Uli, Anambra, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240324124655/https://journals.ezenwaohaetorc.org/index.php/AJLLS/article/view/236 |archive-date=24 March 2024 |issn=2465-7352 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |last=Olaiya |first=Tope Templer |title=Chimamanda Adichie Did Not Accept National Honour, Team Confirms |url=https://editor.guardian.ng/news/chimamanda-adichie-did-not-accept-national-honour-team-confirms/ |access-date=14 October 2022 |work=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=13 October 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802142103/https://editor.guardian.ng/news/chimamanda-adichie-did-not-accept-national-honour-team-confirms/ |archive-date=2 August 2023 }}
* {{cite news |last=Olaopa |first=Tunji |title=An Encounter with Toyin Falola: Between Celebration and Canonization of Intellectuals |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2022/11/27/an-encounter-with-toyin-falola-between-celebration-and-canonization-of-intellectuals/ |access-date=4 December 2022 |work=[[This Day]] |date=27 November 2022 |location=Apapa, Lagos |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204235846/https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2022/11/27/an-encounter-with-toyin-falola-between-celebration-and-canonization-of-intellectuals/ |archive-date=4 December 2022 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite web | last=Olonilua | first=Ademola | title=ICYMI: My parents did not name me Chimamanda, says author, Adichie | website=[[The Punch]] | date=2 January 2021 | url=https://punchng.com/my-parents-did-not-name-me-chimamanda-says-author-adichie/ | access-date=14 July 2026 | location=Lagos, Nigeria }}
* {{cite journal |last=Ordu |first=Stanley |title=Womanism and Patriarchy in Chimamanda Adichie's ''Purple Hibiscus'' |url=https://www.litinfinite.com/wp-content/uploads/7_Stanley-Ordu-_61_73.pdf |access-date=3 May 2022 |doi=10.47365/litinfinite.3.2.2021.61-73 |journal=Litinfinite Journal |volume=3 |issue=2 |date=December 2021 |pages=61–73 |publisher=Supriyo Chakraborty Penprints Publications |location=Kolkata, India |issn=2582-0400 |oclc=9455975886 }}
* {{cite news |last=Parnass |first=Larry |title=Nigerian Author Adichie Urges Williams Grads to Commit to Social Justice |url=https://www.berkshireeagle.com/archives/nigerian-author-adichie-urges-williams-grads-to-commit-to-social-justice/article_83ec0753-03f4-5353-abb9-9e2d01a8cc15.html |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[The Berkshire Eagle]] |date=4 June 2017 |location=Pittsfield, Massachusetts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181145/https://www.berkshireeagle.com/archives/nigerian-author-adichie-urges-williams-grads-to-commit-to-social-justice/article_83ec0753-03f4-5353-abb9-9e2d01a8cc15.html |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |last=Pazzanese |first=Christina |title=Adichie: 'Protect and Value the Truth': Class Day Speaker Urges Graduating Seniors to Embrace That Principle in Their Own Lives |url=https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2018/05/harvards-class-day-speaker-urges-students-to-protect-and-value-the-truth-in-their-own-lives/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[Harvard Gazette]] |date=24 May 2018 |publisher=[[Harvard University]] |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181153/https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2018/05/harvards-class-day-speaker-urges-students-to-protect-and-value-the-truth-in-their-own-lives/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |last=Pearce |first=Katie |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Talks Politics, Race, and Writing at Johns Hopkins |url=https://hub.jhu.edu/2017/02/09/chimamanda-adichie-fas-hopkins/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=The Hub |date=9 February 2017 |publisher=[[Johns Hopkins University]] |location=Baltimore, Maryland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181145/https://hub.jhu.edu/2017/02/09/chimamanda-adichie-fas-hopkins/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |last=Pongsajapan |first=Robert |title=Award-Winning Author Adichie Explores Faith, Feminism at Georgetown Event |url=https://www.georgetown.edu/news/award-winning-author-adichie-explores-faith-feminism-at-georgetown-event/ |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=Georgetown University News |date=17 March 2017 |publisher=[[Georgetown University]] |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231001085251/https://www.georgetown.edu/news/award-winning-author-adichie-explores-faith-feminism-at-georgetown-event/ |archive-date=1 October 2023 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite web |title=Previous Winners |url=http://www.caineprize.com/winners_02.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091212075827/http://www.caineprize.com/winners_02.php |archive-date=12 December 2009 |website=[[Caine Prize]] |date=2009 |publisher=The Caine Prize for African Writing |location=London, UK |ref={{sfnref|Caine Prize|2009}} |accessdate=14 July 2026 |archivedate=12 August 2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130812074229/http://www.caineprize.com/winners_02.php }}
* {{cite magazine |last=Richardson |first=Catherine |title=Dayton Literary Peace Prize |url=https://go.gale.com/ps/anonymous?id=GALE%7CA247445488 |access-date=7 May 2024 |magazine=[[Poets &amp; Writers Magazine]] |volume=39 |issue=1 |date=January–February 2011 |publisher=[[Poets &amp; Writers|Poets &amp; Writers Inc.]] |location=New York City, New York |issn=0891-6136 |id={{Gale|A247445488}} }}
* {{cite web |last=Ring |first=Trudy |title=Novelist Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Goes Anti-Trans Again |url=https://www.advocate.com/transgender/2022/12/02/novelist-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-goes-anti-trans-again |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[The Advocate (magazine)|Advocate.com]] |date=2 December 2022 |publisher=Pride Media |location=Los Angeles, California |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510185048/https://www.advocate.com/transgender/2022/12/02/novelist-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-goes-anti-trans-again |archive-date=10 May 2024 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite magazine |last=Rios |first=Carmen |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Warns Humanitarians About the Danger of a Single Story |url=http://msmagazine.com/2019/10/21/the-danger-of-a-single-story-at-our-borders-and-in-our-movements/ |access-date=10 May 2024 |magazine=[[Ms. (magazine)|Ms.]] |date=21 October 2019 |publisher=[[Feminist Majority Foundation|Liberty Media for Women, LLC]] |location=Arlington, Virginia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240511180515/http://msmagazine.com/2019/10/21/the-danger-of-a-single-story-at-our-borders-and-in-our-movements/ |archive-date=11 May 2024 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Roifah |first1=Miftahur |title=Becoming a Mother: The Transition to Motherhood in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's 'Zikora' |journal=Prosodi |date=October 2021 |volume=15 |issue=2 |pages=178–185 |doi=10.21107/prosodi.v15i2.12184 |url=https://journal.trunojoyo.ac.id/prosodi/article/view/12184 |access-date=3 May 2024 |publisher=[[University of Trunojoyo Madura]] |location=Bangkalan, Indonesia |issn=1907-6665 |doi-access=free }}
*{{cite news |last1=Rojas |first1=Juan Carlos |title=Chimamanda vino al Hay Festival para reivindicar a la mujer negra |url=https://www.eltiempo.com/colombia/otras-ciudades/chimamanda-vino-al-hay-festival-para-reivindicar-a-la-mujer-negra-de-cartagena-y-coloambia-322564 |access-date=17 May 2024 |work=[[El Tiempo (Colombia)|El Tiempo]] |date=4 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231201062218/https://www.eltiempo.com/colombia/otras-ciudades/chimamanda-vino-al-hay-festival-para-reivindicar-a-la-mujer-negra-de-cartagena-y-coloambia-322564 |archive-date=1 December 2023 |location=Bogotá, Colombia |language=Spanish |trans-title=Chimamanda Came to the Hay Festival to Vindicate Black Women |url-status=live }}
* {{cite web |last=Ryan |first=Lisa |title=Here's Why Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Is Wearing Only Nigerian Brands |url=https://www.thecut.com/2017/05/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wear-nigerian-fashion.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[The Cut (New York)|The Cut]] |date=8 May 2017 |publisher=[[New York (magazine)|New York Magazine]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231205212547/https://www.thecut.com/2017/05/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wear-nigerian-fashion.html |archive-date=5 December 2023 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |last=Saeed |first=Saeed |title=Frankfurt Book Fair Discussions Focus on Female Authors, Diversity and Responsibility of Publishers |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/arts-culture/books/frankfurt-book-fair-discussions-focus-on-female-authors-diversity-and-responsibility-of-publishers-1.780496 |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[The National (Abu Dhabi)|The National]] |date=15 October 2018 |location=Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519161331/https://www.thenationalnews.com/arts-culture/books/frankfurt-book-fair-discussions-focus-on-female-authors-diversity-and-responsibility-of-publishers-1.780496 |archive-date=19 May 2024 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |last=Safronova |first=Valeriya |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Talks Beauty, Femininity and Feminism |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/28/fashion/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-boots-no7-makeup.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |url-access=limited |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=28 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240322210719/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/28/fashion/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-boots-no7-makeup.html |archive-date=22 March 2024 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |last=Sam-Duru |first=Prisca |title=Chimamanda Adichie, a Growing Literary Prodigy |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/01/chimamanda-adichie-growing-literary-prodigy/ |access-date=23 April 2024 |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] |date=22 January 2014 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802142100/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/01/chimamanda-adichie-growing-literary-prodigy/ |archive-date=2 August 2023 |url-status=live }}
*{{cite news |last1=Sarr |first1=Lucie |title=African Feminist Reflects on 'Fratelli Tutti' in Vatican Paper |url=https://www.ncronline.org/news/people/african-feminist-reflects-fratelli-tutti-vatican-paper |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[National Catholic Reporter]] |date=4 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231202110622/https://www.ncronline.org/news/people/african-feminist-reflects-fratelli-tutti-vatican-paper |archive-date=2 December 2023 |location=Kansas City, Missouri |url-status=live }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Sebola |first1=Moffat |title=Some Reflections on Selected Themes in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Fiction and Her Feminist Manifesto |journal=Literator |date=May 2022 |volume=43 |issue=1 |doi=10.4102/lit.v43i1.1723 |url=https://literator.org.za/index.php/literator/article/view/1723 |access-date=4 May 2024 |publisher=Bureau for Scholarly Journals |location=Potchefstroom, South Africa |issn=0258-2279 |oclc=9627424976 |doi-access=free }}
* {{cite web |last=Sefa-Boakye |first=Jennifer |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Co-Curates PEN World Voices Festival in NYC with Focus on African Literature |url=https://pen.org/press-clip/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-co-curates-pen-world-voices-festival-in-nyc-with-focus-on-african-literature/ |access-date=23 April 2024 |website=[[PEN America]] |date=17 February 2015 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231102152943/https://pen.org/press-clip/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-co-curates-pen-world-voices-festival-in-nyc-with-focus-on-african-literature/ |archive-date=2 November 2023 |url-status=live |accessdate=14 July 2026 |archivedate=2 November 2023 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231102152943/https://pen.org/press-clip/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-co-curates-pen-world-voices-festival-in-nyc-with-focus-on-african-literature/ }}
* {{cite news |last=Shariatmadari |first=David |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Religious Leaders Must Help End Nigeria Violence |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jan/13/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-nigeria-leaders |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=13 January 2012 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200129154612/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jan/13/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-nigeria-leaders |archive-date=29 January 2020 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Sharobeem |first1=Heba M. |title=Space as the Representation of Cultural Conflict and Gender Relations in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's ''The Thing Around Your Neck'' |journal=Rocky Mountain Review |date=Spring 2015 |volume=69 |issue=1 |pages=18–36 |doi=10.1353/rmr.2015.a580802 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/143/article/580802/pdf |access-date=1 May 2024 |publisher=Rocky Mountain Modern Language Association |location=Pullman, Washington |issn=1948-2825 |oclc=7791796472 |url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required |via=[[Project Muse]]}}
* {{cite news |last=Shilling |first=Jane |title=The Thing Around Your Neck by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Review |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/bookreviews/5094748/The-Thing-Around-Your-Neck-by-Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-Review.html |access-date=29 April 2024 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=2 April 2009 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329094106/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/bookreviews/5094748/The-Thing-Around-Your-Neck-by-Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-Review.html |archive-date=29 March 2024 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |last=Stephen-David |first=Pembi |title=Chimamanda Adichie – Toeing the Line of Literary Giants |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201306070144.html |access-date=17 May 2024 |work=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]] |agency=[[AllAfrica]] |date=7 June 2013 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |id={{Gale|A332826978}} }}
*{{cite journal |last1=Stobie |first1=Cheryl |title=Taking wing: Vulnerability and queer/trans resistance in ''The Thirty Names of Night'' by Zeyn Joukhadar |journal=Safundi |date=October 2021 |volume=22 |issue=4 |pages=353–374 |doi=10.1080/17533171.2022.2062173 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17533171.2022.2062173 |access-date=14 May 2024 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire |issn=1543-1304 |oclc=9619990616 |url-access=subscription }}
* {{cite news |last=Streeter |first=Leslie Gray |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Notes on Grief Captures the Bewildering Messiness of Loss – Review |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/reviews/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-notes-on-grief-b1846822.html |access-date=23 April 2024 |work=[[The Independent]] |date=16 May 2021 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230902021830/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/reviews/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-notes-on-grief-b1846822.html |archive-date=2 September 2023 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |title=The 10 Best Books of 2013 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/15/books/review/the-10-best-books-of-2013.html |access-date=23 April 2024 |url-access=limited |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=4 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240418002846/https://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/15/books/review/the-10-best-books-of-2013.html |archive-date=18 April 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The New York Times''|2013}} }}
* {{cite magazine |title=The 2016 International Best Dressed List |url=https://archive.vanityfair.com/article/2016/10/the-2016-international-best-dressed-list |access-date=9 May 2024 |magazine=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]] |date=1 October 2016 |pages=125–151 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240424093349/https://archive.vanityfair.com/article/2016/10/the-2016-international-best-dressed-list |archive-date=24 April 2024 |issn=0733-8899 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Vanity Fair''|2016}} }}
* {{cite web |title=The Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Parents' Memoirs (2) Knowing Each Other before You Marry |url=https://sunnewsonline.com/the-chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-parents-memoirs-2-knowing-each-other-before-you-marry/ |interviewer=Chika Abanobi |access-date=1 April 2024 |website=[[Sun News (Nigeria)|The Sun]] |date=14 September 2019 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240401152741/https://sunnewsonline.com/the-chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-parents-memoirs-2-knowing-each-other-before-you-marry/ |archive-date=1 April 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The Sun''|2019}} }}
* {{cite web |title=The Thing Around Your Neck: Stories |url=https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/the-thing-around-your-neck/ |access-date=14 August 2022 |website=[[Kirkus Reviews|Kirkus Reviews.com]] |date=1 May 2009 |publisher=Kirkus Media |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814121050/https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/the-thing-around-your-neck/ |archive-date=14 August 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Kirkus Reviews''|2009}} }}
* {{cite web |title=Top 10 Nigerians in Africa Report's 100 Most Influential Africans |url=http://venturesafrica.com/top-10-nigerians-in-africa-reports-100-most-influential-africans/ |access-date=5 January 2021 |website=Ventures Africa |date=9 October 2019 |location=Maitama, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220321064651/https://venturesafrica.com/top-10-nigerians-in-africa-reports-100-most-influential-africans/ |archive-date=21 March 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Ventures Africa''|2019}} |last1=Africa |first1=Ventures }}
* {{cite book |last=Tunca |first=Daria |editor1-last=Gyssels |editor1-first=Kathleen |editor2-last=Ledent |editor2-first=Bénédicte |title=Présence africaine en Europe et au-delà |trans-title=African Presence in Europe and Beyond |date=2010 |publisher=[[Éditions L'Harmattan]] |location=Paris, France |chapter=Of French Fries and Cookies: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Diasporic Short Fiction |chapter-url=https://orbi.uliege.be/bitstream/2268/33339/1/Tunca_Adichie_African.pdf |pages=291–309 |isbn=978-2-296-12803-3}}
* {{cite book |last=Tunca |first=Daria |editor1-last=Gates Jr |editor1-first=Henry Louis |editor1-link=Henry Louis Gates Jr. |editor2-last=Akyeampong |editor2-first=Emmanuel K. |editor2-link=Emmanuel K. Akyeampong |title=Dictionary of African Biography |volume=1: Abach-Brand |date=2011 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York, New York |chapter=Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi (1977) |pages=94–95 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=39JMAgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA94 |isbn=978-0-19-538207-5}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Tunca |first1=Daria |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie as Chinua Achebe's (Unruly) Literary Daughter: The Past, Present, and Future of 'Adichebean' Criticism |journal=[[Research in African Literatures]] |date=Winter 2018 |volume=49 |issue=4 |pages=107–126 |doi=10.2979/reseafrilite.49.4.08 |jstor=10.2979/reseafrilite.49.4.08 |hdl=2268/233956 |issn=0034-5210 |oclc=9969832851 |url=https://orbi.uliege.be/bitstream/2268/233956/1/Tunca_Adichie_Achebe_RAL.pdf }}
* Urujzian, Vero-Ekpris Gladstone. &quot;Proverbs and metaphors as discursive strategies in selected novels by Achebe and Adichie.&quot; ''LWATI: A Journal of Contemporary Research'' 20, no. 1 (2023): 72–86.
* {{cite web |last=Ufuoma |first=Vincent |title=Buhari to Confer National Honours on Chimamanda Adichie, 436 Others |url=https://www.icirnigeria.org/buhari-to-confers-national-award-on-chimamanda-adichie-436-others/ |access-date=7 May 2024 |website=International Centre for Investigative Reporting |date=2 October 2022 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507165542/https://www.icirnigeria.org/buhari-to-confers-national-award-on-chimamanda-adichie-436-others/ |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |editor-last=Useni |editor-first=Mohammed |title=Anti-Gay Law: Chimamanda Adichie Writes, 'Why can't he just be like everyone else?' |url=http://newswirengr.com/2014/02/19/anti-gay-law-chimamanda-adichie-writes-why-cant-he-just-be-like-everyone-else/ |access-date=21 February 2021 |agency=[[NewswireNGR]] |date=19 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231209073447/https://newswirengr.com/2014/02/19/anti-gay-law-chimamanda-adichie-writes-why-cant-he-just-be-like-everyone-else/ |archive-date=9 December 2023 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Vanzanten |first1=Susan |title='The Headstrong Historian': Writing with Things Fall Apart |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_research-in-african-literatures_summer-2015_46_2/page/85 |journal=[[Research in African Literatures]] |date=Summer 2015 |volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=85–103 |doi=10.2979/reseafrilite.46.2.85 |jstor=10.2979/reseafrilite.46.2.85 |issn=0034-5210 |oclc=5827202813}}
* {{cite web | title=Video: Nigerian author's 'Americanah' comes to France | website=[[France 24]] | date=23 January 2015 | location=[[Paris]], France | url=https://www.france24.com/en/20150123-video-literature-nigerian-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-published-france | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251223090705/https://www.france24.com/en/20150123-video-literature-nigerian-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-published-france | archive-date=23 December 2025 | url-status=live | ref={{sfnref|France 24|2015}} | access-date=23 December 2025 }}
* {{cite magazine |last=Wagner |first=Erica |author-link=Erica Wagner |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'I Wanted To Claim My Own Name' |url=https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-novelist-ted-speaker-interview |access-date=10 May 2024 |magazine=[[British Vogue]] |date=3 November 2015 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231018140532/https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-novelist-ted-speaker-interview |archive-date=18 October 2023 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite web |last=Weatherford |first=Ashley |title=Chimamanda Adichie Talks Black Hair and the Narrow Definition of Beauty |url=https://www.thecut.com/2016/12/chimamanda-adichie-on-black-hair-and-redefining-beauty.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[The Cut (New York)|The Cut]] |date=8 December 2016 |publisher=[[New York (magazine)|New York Magazine]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130085834/https://www.thecut.com/2016/12/chimamanda-adichie-on-black-hair-and-redefining-beauty.html |archive-date=30 November 2023 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite web |last=Weller |first=Chris |title=New Yorkers Just Selected a Book for the Entire City to Read in America's Biggest Book Club |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/one-book-one-new-york-book-club-2017-3 |access-date=22 March 2024 |website=[[Business Insider|Business Insider UK]] |date=16 March 2017 |location=London, UK |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171024040152/http://uk.businessinsider.com/one-book-one-new-york-book-club-2017-3 |archive-date=24 October 2017 }}
*{{cite journal |title='We Should All Be Feminists' |journal=Foreign Rights Catalog: Books for Kids and Teens |date=January–June 2021 |page=109 |url=https://www.penguinrandomhousegrupoeditorial.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/foreign-rights-kids-teens-2021-first-semester-penguinrandomhousegrupoeditorial.pdf |access-date=19 May 2024 |publisher=[[Penguin Random House]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519184758/https://www.penguinrandomhousegrupoeditorial.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/foreign-rights-kids-teens-2021-first-semester-penguinrandomhousegrupoeditorial.pdf |archive-date=19 May 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Foreign Rights Catalog''|2021}} }}
* {{cite news |last=Williams |first=Zoe |author1-link=Zoe Williams (writer) |title='I believe literature is in peril': Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Comes Out Fighting for Freedom of Speech |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2022/nov/28/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-bbc-reith-lecture-freedom-truth-trans-rights |access-date=19 March 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=28 November 2022 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240319123047/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2022/nov/28/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-bbc-reith-lecture-freedom-truth-trans-rights |archive-date=19 March 2024 |url-status=live }}
{{Refend}}

== Links n'aga n'ezi==
{{commons|Category:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie|Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie}}

* Website nke [http://chimamanda.com/ Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie]
* [http://www.l3.ulg.ac.be/adichie/index.html The Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Website], English Department of the University of Liège, [[Belgium]]


{{DEFAULTSORT:Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi}}
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
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[[Otú:Ndị amụrụ n'afọ 1977]]</text>
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      <text bytes="156563" sha1="s9vjj8p2os0jowb6rn64mcuxsii8psy" xml:space="preserve">[[Usòrò:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie (2015).png|thumb|Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie]]
'''Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie''' ({{Audio|Ig-Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie.ogg|Audio}}; 15 September 1977) bụ onye odee akwụkwọ si na mba [[Nigeria]].

Amuru Adichie na obodo [[Enugu]]. Ọ gara akwụkwọ na [[Mahadum nke Nigeria]]. N'ebe ahụ, oji otu afọ na ọkara wee gụọ akwụkwọ gbasara ọgwụ. Ọ hapụrụ mba Naijiria gaba mba [[Amerika]] mgbe odi afo iri na-iteghete. Na mba Amerika, o bidoro akwụkwo na [[Drexel University]] nke di na [[Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania]]. Site n'ebe ahụ, ọgụkwara na [[Eastern Connecticut State University]], [[Johns Hopkins University]], na [[Yale University]].

Ọtụtụ n'ime akwụkwọ Adichie degara nwere ngalaba obibi na [[Nsukka]] ebe azulitere ya na ntakiri. Ọbụ mgbe ọ na agụ akwụkwọ na mahadum ka obidoro debe akwụkwo. Ọ buru ụzọ dee akwukwo abụ ana-akpọ ''Decisions'' n'afọ 1997, nke n'eso ya bụ ''For Love of Biafra'' n'afọ 1998. Ọ turu ugo na mmara ndị mmadu mgbe ọdechara akwụkwọ akụkọ izizi ya bụ ''[[Purple Hibiscus]]''. Adichie akpọla [[Chinua Achebe]] na [[Buchi Emecheta]] ndị ndu ya na ihe odide. Ihe ndị odegoro gbasara ukwu na ndọrọ ndọrọ jikọtara ndị ọcha na ndị ojii okachasi site na [[Ndị Igbo|ala Igbo]].

Adichie ma ekwu okwu ọha. Ọnyekwala ọtụtụ okwu mmechi na mmeghe akwụkwo mahadum di iche iche nke gụnyere [[Williams College]] (2017), [[Harvard University]] (2018), na [[American University]] (2019). Ọnyere okwu ndị [[TEDx]] ana-akpọ &quot;The Danger of a Single Story&quot; n'afọ 2009 ya na &quot;We Should All Be Feminists&quot; n'afọ 2012. Ụfọdụ okwu ya ka onye na ede ma na eto egwu [[Beyoncé]] tinyere na egwu ya akpọrọ ''Flawless''. Adichie atụrụla ọtụtụ ugo na ngalaba ịgụ akwụkwọ na ide akwụkwọ dịka [[MacArthur Fellowship]] n'afọ 2008 ma nnabata na otu ndị [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]] n'afọ 2017.

== Ndụ na mmalite ==
Aha enyere Adichie mgbe amụrụ ya bụ aha bekee Grace.&lt;ref name=&quot;punchng&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |last=Olonilua |first=Ademola |date=2 January 2021 |title=ICYMI: My parents did not name me Chimamanda, says author, Adichie |url=https://punchng.com/my-parents-did-not-name-me-chimamanda-says-author-adichie/ |access-date=25 March 2025 |newspaper=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Amụrụ ya na 15 September n'afọ 1977 dika nwatakịrị nke ise na obodo [[Enugu]] nke Nigeria. Nne na nna ya bu [[ndi Igbo]].{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}}{{sfn|Akinyoade|2021}} Nna ya bụ [[James Nwoye Adichie]] onye Abba, obodo nke di na ora [[Anambra]]. Nne ya bụ Grace Odigwe, onye [[Umunnachi]].{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}} Nna ya gụrụ mathematics na mahadum ana-akpọ [[University College, Ibadan]] ma tupu ọgụchaa akwụkwọ n'afọ 1957, ọ nụrụ Grace na 15 April n'afọ 1963,{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}} wee kpọrọ ya jee [[Berkeley, California|Berkeley]] ebe ọgụrụ akwụkwọ maka ngalaba PhD na [[University of California|Mahadum nke Kalifornia]].{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Mgbe ha nọ na mba Amerika, nne na nna Adichie mụtara ụmụaka nwaanyị abuo: ljeoma Rosemary na Uchenna.{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}} Nna ya lotara mba Nigeria ma bido ọrụ nkụzi na [[University of Nigeria, Nsukka|Mahadum nke Naijiria]] n'afo 1966.{{sfn|''The Sun''|2020}} Nne ya bidoro akwụkwọ mahadum nke ya n'afọ 1964 na [[Merritt College]] nke di na [[Oakland, California|Oakland]], California ebe ọ nwetara ngalaba na agụmakwụkwọ sociology mechakwaa nwetakwa ngalaba anthropology nke sitere na Mahadum nke Naijiria.{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}}{{sfn|Martin|2014}}

Mgbe [[Agha Biafra]] bidoro n'afọ 1967, nna Adichie malitere ịrụ ọrụ na Biafran Manpower Directorate nke bu ụlọ ọrụ [[Biafra]].{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Nne na nna ukwu Adichie nwụrụ na agha ahu.{{sfn|Adichie|2006}} Mgbe agha ahu kwụsịrị n'afọ 1970, nna ya laghachiri na Mahadum nke Naijiria,{{sfn|''The Sun''|2020}}{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} ebe nne ya, onye ruru ọrụ na Enugu wee rue afọ 1973, bia bụrụ onye ọrụ na ndị isi ebe ahu; ọ mechara bụrụ [[Registrar (education)|registrar]] ma burukwa onye izi bu nwaanyị malitere ya bu ọrụ.{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}}{{sfn|Martin|2014}} Adichie nọrọ n'ụlọ obibi Mahadum nke Naijiria, n'ụlọ odee akwụkwọ bụ [[Chinua Achebe]] biri ikpeazụ.{{sfn|Murray|2007}} Umunne ya bụ Ijeoma Rosemary, Uchenna &quot;Uche&quot;, Chukwunweike &quot;Chuks&quot;, Okechukwu &quot;Okey&quot;, na Kenechukwu &quot;Kene&quot;.{{sfn|Anya|2005}}{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}}

Dika nwatakịrị, Adichie gụrụ naanị akwụkwọ akụkọ edere na-asụsụ bekee ọ kachasị nke [[Enid Blyton]].{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Akwukwo ndị ọzọ ọgụrụ dika nwatakịrị gụnyere akwụkwọ ebe ndị akoro akụkọ ha bụ ndị ọcha, ma nwee anya na-acha anụnụ anụnụ. Ha niile bu maka mba Britain.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}}{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} Mgbe o ruru afọ iri, ọ chọpụtara n'onwe ya akụkọ gbasara ndị [[Afrịka]]. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ dịka ''[[Things Fall Apart]]'' nke Chinua Achebe,{{sfn|Murray|2007}} ''[[The African Child]]'' nke [[Camara Laye]],{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} ''[[Weep Not, Child]]'' nke [[Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o]] dere, na ''[[The Joys of Motherhood]]'' nke [[Buchi Emecheta]] dere.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} N'afọ iri na atọ ejiri mụọ ya, Adichie bidoro ịgụ akwụkwọ akụkọ nna ya degara gbasara [[Biafra]]. Na njem ha na eje kwa afọ na obodo ha bụ Abba, ọ hụgara ụlọ gbachara ọkụ na mkpụrụ egbe gbachara nchara jupụtara na ala; ihe niile a bụ ihe ga enyere ya aka iji dee ụfọdụ akwụkwọ akụkọ ya.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}}

Na nnata Sakramenti nke Nkwenye ana akpọ Konfameshọn na ụka Katoliki, Adichie zara Amanda. Ọbụ aha ahu k'ọzara n'akwụkwọ ya ndi mbu.&lt;ref name=&quot;punchng&quot;/&gt;{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}}{{sfn|Anya|2005}} N'agụmakwụkwọ ya, a kụziiri Adichie ihe n'asụsụ Igbo ya na Bekee.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}} Ọ bụ ezie na asụsụ Igbo abụghị ihe a ma ama, ọ gara n'ihu na-amụ asụsụ ahụ n'oge niile ọ nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Ọ gụchara akwụkwọ sekọndrị ya n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na Mahadum Nigeria, wee nweta akara ugo mmụta kacha elu nke sitere na otu [[West African Examinations Council]] (WAEC){{sfn|Anya|2005}} na ihe nrite agụmakwụkwọ.{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}} A nabatara ya na Mahadum nke Nigeria, ebe ọ gụrụ ọgwụ na ọrụ ọgwụ (medicine and pharmacy) ruo otu afọ na ọkara.{{sfn|Agbo|2018b}} Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ maka ''The Compass'', nke bu magazin mahadum nke ụmụ akwụkwọ na-elekọta.{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} N'afọ 1997, mgbe ọ dị afọ 19, Adichie bipụtara ''Decisions'', nke bu nchịkọta uri, ma mesịa kwaga United States,{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} ka ọ gụọ maka ọmụmụ gbasara nkwukọrịta (Mass communications) na [[Drexel University]] dị na [[Philadelphia]], Pennsylvania.{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}}{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} N'afọ 1998, o dere egwuregwu a na-akpọ ''For Love of Biafra'', nke bụ mbọ mbụ o gbara iji nyochaa isiokwu gbasara agha.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} E dere ọrụ ndị a mbụ n'okpuru aha bụ́ Amanda N. Adichie.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}}

Afọ abụọ ka ọ kwagara United States, ọ gbanwere gaa [[Eastern Connecticut State University]] dị na [[Willimantic, Connecticut]], ebe ya na nwanne ya nwanyị bụ Ijeoma, onye nke bụkwa dọkịta, bi.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}} N'afọ 2000, Adichie bipụtara obere akụkọ ya akpọrọ &quot;My Mother, the Crazy African&quot;,{{sfn|Adichie|2000}} nke na-atụle nsogbu ndị na-ebilite mgbe mmadụ na-ebi n'etiti omenala abụọ dị nnọọ iche n'ebe ibe ha nọ.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|pages=297–298}} Mgbe ọ gụchara nzere mbụ ya na mahadum, ọ gara n'ihu n'ọmụmụ ihe ya ma na-achụkwa ọrụ ide ihe n'otu oge ahụ.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} Mgbe ọ nọ n'afọ ikpeazụ ya na Eastern Connecticut, ọ na-ede edemede maka akwụkwọ akụkọ mahadum ahụ bụ ''Campus Lantern.''{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} Ọ nwetara nzere bachelọ ya n'ọkwa kachasị elu (nke a maara dị ka ''[[summa cum laude]]'') na ngalaba sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ya na ngalaba nkwukọrịta dị ka obere ngalaba ọmụmụ, n'afọ 2001.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} Ọ nwetara nzere mastas na ide akụkọ ifo (creative writing) site na [[Johns Hopkins University]] n'afọ 2003,{{sfn|Braimah|2018}}{{sfn|Krieger|2015}} ma n'ime afọ abụọ sochirinụ, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka Hodder Fellow na [[Princeton University]], ebe ọ kụziri ihe gbasara mmalite ide akụkọ ifo.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}}{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}} Ọ malitere ọmụmụ ihe na [[Yale University]], ma gụchaa nzere mastas nke abụọ na ngalaba ọmụmụ gbasara Afrịka (African studies) n'afọ 2008.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} N'otu afọ ahụ, Adichie nwetara onyinye [[MacArthur Fellowship]],{{sfn|Irvine|2008}} tinyere ihe nrite agụmakwụkwọ ndị ọzọ, gụnyere ohere mmemme [[Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University]] maka afọ 2011–2012.{{sfn|Okachie|2011}}

== Ọrụ ==
===2003: Mmalite odide akwụkwọ na mbipụta izizi===
Mgbe ọ na-agụ akwụkwọ na mba Amerịka, Adichie malitere odide akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya, ''[[Purple Hibiscus]]''. {{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} mgbe ọ dechara ya, ozigara akwụkwọ edemede ya nye ụlọ ọrụ mbipụta akwụkwọ na ndị na-ede akwụkwọ, ndị jụrụ ya ma ọ bụ rịọ ya ka ọ gbanwee ọnọdụ akwụkwọ ahụ site na Afrịka gaa na Amerịka, ka o wee mee ka ọ mara ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ nke ọma. N'ikpeazụ, Djana Pearson Morris, onye nnọchi anya odee akwụkwọ n'ihu ndị mbiputa akwụkwọ na-arụ ọrụ na Pearson Morris na Belt Literary Management, nabatara akwụkwọ edemede ahụ.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Ọ bụ ezie na Morris ghọtara na ahịa ga-esiri ike ebe Adichie bụ onye ojii mana ọ bụghị onye Africa-America ma ọ bụ onye Caribbean, o nyefere ya ndị mbipụta akwụkwọ ahụ ruo mgbe [[Algonquin Books]], obere ụlọ ọrụ nọọrọ onwe ya, nabatara ma bipụta ya na 2003. Na 2004, [[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ na United Kingdom, ebe [[Kachifo Limited]] bipụtara ya na Naịjirịa.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2018}} N'oge ahụ, Adichie were onye nnọchi anya akwụkwọ Sarah Chalfant nke [[Andrew Wylie (onye nnọchi anya akwụkwọ)|Wylie Agency]] ka ọ nọchite anya ya. Atụgharịala ''Purple Hibiscus'' n'ihe karịrị asụsụ iri anọ.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}}

===2006–2012: mbipụta akwụkwọ akụkọ nke abụọ na atọ===
Mgbe akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya gasịrị, Adichie malitere ide nke abụọ ya ''[[Half of a Yellow Sun]]'', nke ọ rụrụ ọrụ na ya ruo afọ anọ. N'ihi na akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ gbasaara [[agha Biafra]],{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}{{sfn|McGrath|2006}} Adichie jiri akụkọ nna ya gbasara ya bu agha, tinyere ịgụ akwụkwọ ndị ọzọ nke gụnyere akwụkwọ akụkọ [[Buchi Emecheta]] nke afọ 1982 nke ana-akpọ ''[[Ebe Biafra Na-aga]]''.{{sfn|McGrath|2006}}{{sfn|Busby|2017}} E bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ n'afọ 2006 site n'aka [[Vintage Books|Anchor Books]], akara azụmaahịa nke [[Alfred A. Knopf]], onye wepụtakwara akwụkwọ ahụ n'okpuru akara Vintage nke di na Kanada. E bipụtara ya ọzọkwa na mba France dịka {{lang|fr|L'autre moitié du soleil}} n'afọ 2008 site n'aka [[Éditions Gallimard]].{{sfn|Madueke|2019|page=49}}

Mgbe ọ na-emecha mmemme Hodder na MacArthur n'afọ 2008, Adichie malitere ịchịkọta akụkọ ndị dị mkpirikpi o bipụtalarị na magazin dị iche iche.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Akụkọ iri na abụọ ka chịkọtara n'akwụkwọ nke atọ ya na nchịkọta akụkọ obere akụkọ mbụ ya, ''[[The Thing Around Your Neck]]'', nke Knopf bipụtara n'afọ 2009.{{sfn|''Kirkus Reviews''|2009}} N'otu afọ ahụ, o nyere nkuzi ndi [[TED (conference)|TED]] nke akpọrọ &quot;[[The Dangers of a Single Story]]&quot;.{{sfn|Wagner|2015}}

Na 15 Maachị 2012, Adichie ghọrọ onye kacha nta n'ime ndị kacha nta n'ime [[Commonwealth Foundation|Commonwealth Lecture]].{{sfn|Calkin|2013}}{{sfn|Stephen-David|2013}} E mere ihe ngosi a na [[Guildhall, London|Guildhall]] na London, na-ekwu maka isiokwu bụ &quot;Ịjikọ Omenala&quot;.{{sfn|Stephen-David|2013}} Na 2012 kwa, o kwuru okwu isiokwu ya bụ &quot;[[Anyị Kwesịrị Ịbụ Ndị Na-eme Ihe n'Ụzọ Ụmụ Nwanyị (okwu)|Anyị Kwesịrị Ịbụ Ndị Na-eme Ihe n'Ụzọ Ụmụ Nwanyị]]&quot; maka TEDxEuston na London.{{sfn|Wagner|2015}}{{sfn|Behrmann|2017|p=316}}

===2013–2019: ''Americanah'' na ''Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions''===
[[File:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie at a signing in Berlin, Germany on 16 May 2014 (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|alt=Nwanyị nọ ọdụ n'oche na-abịanye aka n'akwụkwọ, gbara ya gburugburu site na ìgwè mmadụ ndị ọzọ|Adichie n'oge ịgụ na ịbị aka n'akwụkwọ ọrụ ya ''[[Americanah]]'' na [[Berlin]], Germany (2014)]]
Akwụkwọ akụkọ nke atọ Adichie dere by ''[[Americanah]]'' nke e bipụtara na 14 Mee n'afọ 2013 site n'aka Alfred A. Knopf.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} E bipụtara ya na France site n'aka [[Éditions Gallimard]] na 2015.{{sfn|''France 24''|2015}} Ọ bụ onye edemede nleta na [[Mahadum Michigan–Flint]] na 2014. Usoro nleta ndị edemede Afrịka a ma ama/Ndị nka Afrịka na ndị Africa bi na mba ọzọ chọrọ ka ọ soro ụmụ akwụkwọ na ndị nkuzi si ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na mahadum, ndị na-akwado ọbá akwụkwọ ọha na eze dị n'ógbè ahụ, na obodo ahụ dum na mkparịta ụka, ogbako, na nkuzi ndị tụlere ''Purple Hibiscus'', ''Americanah'', na ahụmịhe ide ihe nkeonwe ya. E tinyere obere ihe nkiri sitere na okwu ya bụ &quot;Ihe Ize Ndụ nke Akụkọ Otu&quot; na &quot;Anyị Kwesịrị Ịbụ Ndị Na-eme Ihe Ike n'Ụmụ Nwanyị&quot; n'ụfọdụ ihe omume ma kparịta ya n'isiokwu ajụjụ na azịza mgbe e mechara ihe ngosi ya dị iche iche.{{sfn|Ememyonu|2017|p=3}}

Na 2015, Adichie kwuru okwu mmalite maka [[Wellesley College]].{{sfn|Anasuya|2015}} O so hazie [[PEN World Voices|PEN World Voices Festival of International Literature]] nke 2015 na New York City, ya na onye nduzi ememme ahụ bụ Laszlo Jakab Orsos.{{sfn|Lee|2015}}{{sfn|Sefa-Boakye|2015}} O mechiri emume ahụ site na nkuzi ya bụ &quot;Arthur Miller Freedom to Write&quot; gbasara mmachibido iwu na mmegide megide ikpe na-ezighị ezi.{{sfn|Lee|2015}}

N'afọ 2015, Adichie dere ozi email nye enyi ya ma mechaa tinye ya na [[Facebook]] na 2016. Okwu ndị e kwuru gbasara post ahụ mere ka o kweta ịtụgharị post ahụ ka ọ bụrụ akwụkwọ, ''[[Dear Ijeawele, ma ọ bụ A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions]]'',{{sfn|Greenberg|2017}} nke e bipụtara na 2017.{{sfn|Bhuta|2018|p=319}} Na 2016, [[BBC]] kpọrọ ya ka ọ bịa na ''[[Newsnight]]'' ma kwuo echiche ya gbasara ntuli aka nke [[Donald Trump]] nke 2016]. Mgbe ọ rutere na studio ahụ, a gwara ya na usoro ahụ ga-abụ arụmụka n'etiti ya na [[R. Emmett Tyrrell, Jr.]], onye na-akwado Trump na [[onye nchịkọta akụkọ]] nke ''[[The American Spectator]]'', magazin nchekwa.{{sfn|Pearce|2017}}{{sfn|Cain|2016}} Mgbe ọ chọrọ ịpụ na ajụjụ ọnụ ahụ, o kpebiri ịga n'ihu n'ihi na ọ chọrọ ịtụle echiche ya gbasara otu enweghị ikike akụ na ụba si mee ka Trump merie.{{sfn|Pearce|2017}} Arụmụka ahụ ghọrọ ihe mmegide mgbe Tyrrell kwuru, sị: &quot;Anaghị m azaghachi mmetụta uche dị ka nwanyị a,&quot;{{sfn|Cain|2016}} wee kwupụta na &quot;Trump abụghị onye ịkpa ókè agbụrụ&quot;.{{sfn|''Mgbọrọgwụ''|2016}} Adichie jụrụ okwu ya, dịka ọmụmaatụ na-ezo aka na nkwupụta Trump na Onyeikpe [[Gonzalo P. Curiel]] enweghị ike ịnọ n'ihu n'okwu ahụ ''[[Trump Mahadum#Low megide Mahadum Trump, LLC|Low megide Mahadum Trump]]'' n'ihi ihe nketa ya na Mexico.{{sfn |''Mkpọrọgwụ''|2016}} Mgbe arụmụka ahụ gasịrị, o dere na ibe Facebook ya na ọ dị ya ka BBC na-eche ya ihu, na ha &quot;ji aghụghọ [na-agba ya] megide onye na-akwado Trump&quot; iji mepụta ntụrụndụ mmegide. Na nzaghachi, BBC rịọrọ mgbaghara maka ịghara ịgwa ya ụdị ajụjụ ọnụ ahụ, mana o kwuru na ha chepụtara mmemme ahụ iji nye echiche ziri ezi.{{sfn|Cain|2016}}

[[Faịlụ:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie 2020 (cropped).jpg|alt=Nwanyị guzoro n'elu ikpo okwu. E nwere mbadamba ihe n'elu ikpo okwu ebe ọ na-agụ ihe.|left|thumb|Adichie n'elu ikpo okwu onye na-ekwu okwu n'oge {{ill|Congreso Futuro|es}}, [[Santiago]], Chile, na 2020]]
Adichie kwuru okwu Eudora Welty nke abụọ kwa afọ na 8 Nọvemba 2017 na [[Lincoln Theatre (Washington, D.C.)|Lincoln Theatre]] na Washington, D.C.{{sfn|Luckett|2018|p=155}} N'afọ ahụ, o kwukwara okwu na nnọkọ mba ofesi nke e mere na Mahadum Johns Hopkins gbasara adịghị ike nke olileanya n'ihu ọnọdụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị dị ugbu a.{{sfn|Pearce|2017}} Adichie na [[Hillary Clinton]] kwuru okwu PEN World Voices Festival nke 2018, Arthur Miller Freedom to Write Lecture na [[Cooper Union]] na Manhattan. Ọ bụ ezie na okwu a lekwasịrị anya n'ihe gbasara ụmụ nwanyị na nnyocha, ajụjụ Adichie mere gbasara ihe mere profaịlụ Clinton [[Twitter]] ji malite site na &quot;nwunye&quot; kama ihe ndị o mere ghọrọ isi ihe ndị mgbasa ozi na-elekwasị anya, {{sfn|Abimbola|2018}}{{sfn|Grady|2018}}{{sfn|Adebayo|2018}} kpaliri Clinton ịgbanwe akụkọ ndụ ya na Twitter.{{sfn|Adebayo|2018}} Mgbe e mesịrị n'afọ ahụ, o kwuru okwu na [[Frankfurt Book Fair]] na Germany gbasara imebi usoro nke na-eme ka olu ụmụ nwanyị ghara ịdị mma.{{sfn|Saeed|2018}} Na 2019, dịka akụkụ nke usoro nkuzi nke Chancellor, o kwuru okwu &quot;Onye edemede, onye na-eche echiche, onye na-achọ ihe: onye na-egosi ndụ&quot; na Langford Auditorium nke [[Vanderbilt University]]. Okwu ahụ lekwasịrị anya n'ọganihu ya dịka onye na-akọ akụkọ, na ihe kpatara ya ji emeso enweghị nha anya n'usoro iji mepụta ụwa nke na-agụnye mmadụ niile.{{sfn|Gonçalves|2019}} Adichie abụrụla onye isi okwu n'ọtụtụ ogbako ụwa.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|pp=218–219}} Na 2018, o kwuru okwu na Mgbakọ Mba Nile nke Igbo nke asaa kwa afọ.{{sfn|Ekpo|2018}} O kwuru okwu na Mgbakọ Ọrụ Ndị Mmadụ nke Hilton nke [[Conrad N. Hilton Foundation]] na 2019.{{sfn|Rios|2019}} O kwuru okwu gbasara ime ihe ike na nkuzi Gabriel García Márquez nke mbụ na [[Cartagena, Colombia]] n'otu afọ ahụ.{{sfn|Rojas|2019}} Adichie bụ onye Afrịka mbụ kwuru okwu na Ụbọchị Klas nke [[Yale University]], ebe o kwuru okwu nkuzi n'afọ 2019.{{sfn|''Vanguard''|2019}}

===2020–ugbu a: Mbipụta akwụkwọ ụmụaka, mgbasa ọrụ===
Na 2020, Adichie bipụtara &quot;Zikora&quot;, akụkọ dị mkpirikpi gbasara mmekọahụ na ịbụ nne na-alụbeghị di,{{sfn|Law|2020}} na edemede akpọrọ &quot;Ndetu na Iru újú&quot; na ''[[The New Yorker]]'', mgbe nna ya nwụsịrị. O gbasaa edemede ahụ ka ọ bụrụ [[Ndetu gbasara mwute|akwụkwọ nke otu aha ahụ]] nke [[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] bipụtara n'afọ sochirinụ.{{sfn|Iju Mmiri|2021a}}{{sfn|Lozada|2021}} N'afọ 2020, Adichie bipụtara ''[[We Should All Be Feminists]]'' na mbipụta maka ụmụaka, nke Leire Salaberria sere.{{sfn|''Diario de Sevilla''|2020}} E nyere ikike maka ntụgharị ya maka mbipụta na asụsụ Croatian, French, Korean, Portuguese, na Spanish.{{sfn|''Foreign Rights Catalog''|2021|p=109}} O kwuru okwu isi okwu na 2020 {{ill|Congreso Futuro|es}} (Ọgbakọ Ọdịnihu) na [[Santiago]], Chile.{{sfn|Espinoza Cárdenas|2020}} Ọ bụ onye isi okwu n'emume akwụkwọ mba ụwa nke Reykjavik nke afọ 2021 nke emere na sinima {{lang|is|Háskólbíó}} na [[Mahadum nke Iceland]], ma kwuo okwu ahụ bụ &quot;In Pursuit of Joy: On Storytelling, Feminism, and Changing My Mind&quot;.{{sfn|''RIKK''|2021}} Na 30 Nọvemba 2022, Adichie kwuru okwu mbụ n'ime [[BBC]] nke afọ 2022 [[Reith Lectures]], nke sitere n'okwu [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] nke &quot;[[Four Freedoms]]&quot; kpaliri.{{sfn|BBC Radio|2022}}

Adichie ji otu afọ na ọkara rụọ ọrụ n'akwụkwọ mbụ ya nke ụmụ ya, ''[[Mama's Sleeping Scarf]]'', nke e dere na 2019 ma bipụta ya na 2023 site na ya. [[HarperCollins]] n'okpuru aha njirimara &quot;Nwa Grace na James&quot;.{{efn|Aha njirimara &quot;Nwa Grace na James&quot; bụ nraranye Adichie nyere ndị mụrụ ya, dịka Nwa pụtara &quot;child&quot; n'asụsụ bekee.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2022}}{{sfn|Ibeh|2022}}}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2022}} Ihe osise maka akwụkwọ a bụ nke Joelle Avelino, onye di mba Congo na Angola.{{sfn|Ibeh|2022}} N'afọ 2025, Adichie bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ ''[[Dream Count]]'', nke bụ akụkọ gbasara ụmụ nwanyị anọ si Africa, bụ ndị ndụ ha na-ejikọta ọnụ ka ha na-eche ihu ịhụnanya, mfu, na ntachi obi n'ofe Naịjirịa na Amerịka.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Cummins |first=Anthony |date=2 Maachị 2025 |title=Dream Count nke Chimamanda Ngozi Nyocha Adichie - mkparịta ụka doro anya na ndị enyi |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/mar/02/dream-count-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-review-candid-conversations-with-friends |access-date=8 Maachị 2025 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe ewepụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ a, Adichie malitere njem nleta ụlọ na Naịjirịa, yana mmemme ndị dị mkpa emere na Lagos (June 27), Abuja (Julaị 3), na Enugu (Julaị 5).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-08-05 |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Njem Nrọ Adichie nke Ịlaghachi n'Ụlọ: Akwụkwọ Akụkọ Foto |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2025/08/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-dream-count-homecoming-tour-a-photo-diary/ |access-date=2026-07-07 |website=Brittle Paper |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dịka akụkụ nke njem ya, Adichie jere ozi dị ka ọkà okwu dị mkpa na [[Things Fall Apart Festival]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Egbejule |first=Eromo |last2=Chijioke |first2=Arinze |date=2025-07-09 |title=‘Anyị ga-adị n'otu’: Mkpu Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie na emume akwụkwọ Naịjirịa |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/jul/09/we-must-unite-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-nigerian-literature-festival-igbo-culture |access-date=2026-07-07 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Adeduyite |first=Okiki |date=2025-05-14 |title=Chimamanda Adichie ga-abụ isi okwu maka emume Things Fall Apart nke 2025 na Enugu |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-to-headline-2025-things-fall-apart-festival-in-enugu/ |access-date=2026-07-07 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ụdị na isiokwu ==
=== Ụdị ide ihe ===
Adichie ji ma Igbo ma Bekee mee ihe n'ọrụ ya,{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|pages=73–74}} yana ahịrịokwu Igbo e gosiri na italics, wee soro ya na ntụgharị Bekee.{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|page=78}} Ọ na-eji ihe atụ iji kpalite ahụmịhe mmetụta uche,{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=296}} dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọbịbịa nke eze iji maa ndị ọchịchị na ndị ndú okpukpe aka na ''Purple Hibiscus'' na-anọchite anya [[Palm Sunday]].{{sfn|Dube|2019|page=225}} Ojiji ya nke asụsụ na-ezo aka na ''[[Things Fall Apart]]'' nke Achebe na-akpọku ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ ya ncheta ọrụ ya.{{sfn|Dube|2019|pages=226–227}} N'otu aka ahụ, aha Kambili, agwa dị na ''Purple Hibiscus'', na-akpọ &quot;{{lang|ig|i biri ka m biri}}&quot; (&quot;Dị Ndụ ma Ka Ndụ&quot;), aha egwu nke onye egwu Igbo [[Oliver De Coque]].{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=7}} Iji kọwaa ọnọdụ tupu agha na mgbe agha gasịrị, ọ na-esi n'ezi ihe gaa n'ọkacha njọ dịka a hụrụ na ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', ebe otu n'ime ndị agwa ya malitere site n'imepe friji wee hụ oroma, biya, na &quot;ọkụkọ na-egbuke egbuke&quot;. Ndị a dị iche na nke e mesịrị na akwụkwọ akụkọ ebe otu n'ime ndị agwa ya nwụrụ n'ihi agụụ, a manyekwara ndị ọzọ iri àkwá na ngwere ntụ ntụ.{{sfn|Mbah|2015|page=352}} Adichie na-ejikarị ebe ndị dị adị na ndị ama ama akụkọ ihe mere eme dọta ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ n'akụkọ ya.{{sfn|Ejikeme|2017|p=312}}

N'ịmepụta agwa, Adichie na-ejikarị echiche ya eme ihe iji tụnyere ọdịiche dị n'etiti omenala ọdịnala na nke ọdịda anyanwụ.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=295}} Akụkọ ya na-egosikarị omenala ndị dara ada, ọkachasị ndị na-ahapụ agwa ya n'ọnọdụ dị njọ n'etiti nhọrọ ọjọọ.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=305}} Mgbe ụfọdụ, ọ na-emepụta agwa dị ka [[archetype]] nke akụkụ ụfọdụ nke omume omenala iji mepụta [[Foil (akụkọ)|foil]] maka agwa dị mgbagwoju anya karị.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=297}}

==== Omenala ndi Igbo ====
Adichie na-enye ndị odide ya aha a na-akpọkarị maka agbụrụ e bu n'obi, dịka [[Muhammad (aha)|Mohammed]] maka agwa Alakụba.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|pages=5–6}} Maka ndị Igbo, ọ na-emepụta aha ndị na-egosi omenala aha Igbo ma na-egosipụta àgwà, àgwà, na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|pages=2–3}} Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na ''Ọkara nke Anyanwụ Odo'', aha agwa ahụ bụ Ọlanna pụtara n'ezie &quot;Ọlaedo Chineke&quot;, mana Nwankwọ na-ekwu na &quot;ọla&quot; pụtara ihe dị oke ọnụ ahịa ebe &quot;nna&quot; pụtara Chineke nna ma ọ bụ nne na nna.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=5}} Site n'ịhapụ aha Igbo a ma ama, Adichie na-eme ka ndị odide ya nwee ọtụtụ agbụrụ, okike na ọtụtụ, zuru ụwa ọnụ. personas.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=3}} Ọ naghị eji aha Bekee eme ihe maka agwa Afrịka mana, mgbe ọ na-eme ya, ọ bụ ngwaọrụ iji gosipụta àgwà ma ọ bụ omume ọjọọ.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|p=4}}

Adichie jiri ihe osise sitere na ọdịnala ọnụ Igbo mee ihe iji gosipụta eziokwu n'ụdị [[akụkọ ifo akụkọ ihe mere eme]].{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|pages=18–19}} Ọ na-emebi omenala n'ụzọ dị iche na akwụkwọ ọdịnala Afrịka, ebe ọ bụ na ụmụ nwanyị na-ede akwụkwọ anaghị anọghị na Naịjirịa [[Canon (ụkpụrụ bụ isi)|akwụkwọ edemede]],{{sfn|Hewett|2005|page=77}} na a na-elegharakarị ndị inyom anya ma ọ bụ na-eje ozi dị ka ihe nkwado maka ndị ikom na-etinye aka na ndụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na akụ na ụba nke obodo ahụ.{{sfn|Vanzanten|2015|pages=87–88}} Ụdị ejiji ya na-elekwasịkarị anya na ụmụ nwanyị siri ike ma na-agbakwụnye echiche nwoke na nwanyị na isiokwu ndị ndị edemede ndị ọzọ nyochaburu, dị ka ọchịchị ndị ọchịchị, okpukperechi, na mmekọrịta ike.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|page=80}}{{sfn|Vanzanten|2015|page=90}}

Adichie na-ekewakarị ndị odide n'ime klaasị mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya iji gosipụta enweghị nghọtahie na usoro ọdịnala.{{sfn|Ndula|2017|pp=32}}{{sfn|Sharobeem|2015|p=26}} Site n'iji akụkọ sitere n'aka ndị odide nke akụkụ dị iche iche nke ọha mmadụ, dịka ọ na-ekwughachi n'okwu TED ya, &quot;Ihe Ize Ndụ nke Akụkọ Otu&quot;, ọ na-ezipụ ozi na enweghị otu eziokwu gbasara ihe gara aga.{{sfn|Ejikeme|2017|p=309}} Adichie na-agba ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ ya ume ka ha mata ọrụ nke ha nye ibe ha, na ikpe na-ezighị ezi dị n'ụwa.{{sfn|Carotenuto|2017|p=173}} Ọkà mmụta Naịjirịa bụ Stanley Ordu na-akọwa echiche nwanyị Adichie dị ka [[Nwanyị|onye na-achọ ụmụ nwanyị]] n'ihi na nyocha ya banyere usoro nna ochie gafere mmeso mmekọahụ megide ụmụ nwanyị na [[Misandry|onye na-achọghị nwoke]], kama ile anya na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na akụ na ụba, ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. na nsogbu agbụrụ ụmụ nwanyị na-eche ihu iji lanarị ma soro ụmụ nwoke na-arụkọ ọrụ.{{sfn|Ordu|2021|pp=61–63}} Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na ''Purple Hibiscus'', agwa Anti Ifeoma na-egosi echiche nwanyị site n'ime ka ndị ezinụlọ niile rụọ ọrụ dịka otu na nkwenye, ka e wee jiri talent onye ọ bụla mee ihe ruo n'ókè kachasị elu ha nwere.{{sfn|Ordu|2021|p=70}}

N'ọrụ ya dịka ide ihe na ikwu okwu n'ihu ọha, Adichie tinyere ihe ọchị, ma jiri okwu [[anecdote]]s, okwu njakịrị na okwu mkparị mee ka otu echiche pụta ìhè.{{sfn|Anasuya|2015}}{{sfn|Anthony|2023}} Adichie etolitela echiche [[Pan-Africanism|Pan-Africanist]] nke oge a gbasara okwu gbasara okike, na-ebelata mmasị n'ụzọ ndị ọdịda anyanwụ si ahụ Afrịka ma na-enwekwu mmasị n'otú Afrịka si ahụ onwe ya.{{sfn|Dabiri|2015}}

=== Isiokwu di iche iche ===
N'ime mkparịta ụka Adichie na onye edemede Kenya [[Binyavanga Wainaina]] na 2011, o kwuru na isi ihe dị n'ọrụ ya bụ ịhụnanya.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=111}} Site n'iji arụmụka ndị inyom &quot;[[Onye ahụ bụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị]]&quot;, ịhụnanya n'ọrụ ya na-egosipụtakarị site na njirimara omenala, njirimara onwe onye na ọnọdụ mmadụ, na otu esemokwu mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị si emetụta atọ ahụ.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=112}} Adichie na-enyochakarị njikọ nke klaasị, omenala, okike, (mgbe-) ọchịchị alaeze ukwu gasịrị, ike, agbụrụ na okpukperechi.{{sfn|Dube|2019|page=222}} Ọgụ bụ isiokwu kachasị mkpa n'akwụkwọ ndị Afrịka,{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=76}} ọrụ ya na-agbaso omenala ahụ site n'inyocha ezinụlọ, obodo, na mmekọrịta.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|pp=79–80}} Nnyocha ya gafere esemokwu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na mgba maka ikike, ma na-enyochakarị ụmụ mmadụ.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=90}} Ọtụtụ n'ime ihe odide ya na-ekwu maka otu ndị odide ya si eme ka ha na ndị nwere mwute dị na ndụ ha{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=84}} na otu ha si agbanwe site n'ịbụ ndị na-enweghị olu na ndị na-enweghị olu gaa n'inwe ike onwe ha na inwe ike ịkọ akụkọ nke ha.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|pp=85–86}}

Ọrụ Adichie na-enyochakarị njirimara omenala,{{sfn|Tunca|2010|p=295}} karịsịa njirimara Igbo nke na-eme emume asụsụ Igbo na [[omenala Igbo|omenala]], ma na-egosi ịhụnanya mba Afrịka, n'ozuzu ya.{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|p=74}} Ide ihe ya bụ mkparịta ụka ebumnobi ya na ndị ọdịda anyanwụ, ebumnuche iweghachite ùgwù na mmadụ nke ndị Afrịka.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|p=111}} Isi okwu na-emegharị n'ọrụ Adichie bụ Agha Biafra. Agha ahụ bụ &quot;oge doro anya&quot; n'akụkọ ihe mere eme mgbe ọchịchị Naịjirịa gasịrị, inyocha esemokwu ahụ na-egosi ụzọ e si hazie njirimara mba ahụ. ''Ọkara nke Anyanwụ Odo'', ọrụ ya dị mkpa n'agha ahụ, na-egosi etu amụma, nrụrụ aka, nkwenye okpukpe na esemokwu si mee ka a chụpụ ndị Igbo wee manye ha ịbanyeghachi na mba ahụ.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=79}}{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=5}} Ihe abụọ a mere nwere ihe si na ya pụta, Adichie na-egosikwa agha ahụ dị ka ọnyá na-agwọbeghị n'ihi na ndị isi ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị anaghị achọ idozi nsogbu ndị kpalitere ya.{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=3}}

Mahadum Naịjirịa, Nsukka pụtara ọzọ n'akwụkwọ akụkọ Adichie iji gosi mgbanwe agụmakwụkwọ n'ịzụlite mmụọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ma gosipụta mkpali nke [[Pan-Africanism|Pan-African psychology]] na ọchịchọ maka nnwere onwe na ''Half of a Yellow Sun''. Ọ pụtara na ''Purple Hibiscus'' na ''Americanah'' dị ka ebe ụmụ akwụkwọ na-eguzogide ọchịchị aka ike site na [[nnupụisi obodo]] na [[Mkpesa|nkwenye]].{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=20}} Mahadum ahụ na-akụzi akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ndị ọchịchị ma na-emepụta ụzọ isi lụso mgbagwoju anya ya ọgụ site na [[ihe ọmụma ọdịnala|ihe ọmụma ndị obodo]],{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=21}} site n'ịghọta na akwụkwọ ndị ọchịchị na-akọ naanị akụkụ nke akụkọ ahụ ma na-ebelata onyinye ndị Africa.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=22}} Adichie gosipụtara nke a na ''Ọkara Anyanwụ Odo'', mgbe onye nkuzi mgbakọ na mwepụ {{lang|ig|Odenigbo|italics=no}}, kọwara nwa okorobịa ya n'ụlọ, {{lang|ig|Ugwu|italics=no}}, na ọ ga-amụta n'ụlọ akwụkwọ na [[Niger] otu nwoke ọcha aha ya bụ [[Mungo Park (onye na-enyocha)|Mungo Park]] chọtara Osimiri]], ọ bụ ezie na ndị obodo ahụ azụọla azụ̀ n'osimiri ahụ ruo ọtụtụ ọgbọ. Agbanyeghị, Odenigbo dọrọ Ugwu aka ná ntị na, ọ bụ ezie na akụkọ banyere nchọpụta Park bụ ụgha, ọ ghaghị iji azịza na-ezighi ezi mee ihe ma ọ bụghị ya, ọ ga-ada ule ya.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=21}}

Ọrụ Adichie gbasara [[ndị Africa bi na mba ọzọ]] na-enyocha isiokwu nke ịbụ onye otu, mgbanwe na ịkpa ókè mgbe niile.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=296}} A na-egosikarị nke a dị ka agụụ imekọ ihe ọnụ ma a na-egosipụta ya site na ndị odide na-agbanwe aha ha,{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=297}} isiokwu a na-ahụkarị na akụkọ ifo Adiche, nke na-egosi ihu abụọ.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|pages=299–300}} Site n'iji isiokwu nke mbata na ọpụpụ, ọ nwere ike ịmepụta mkparịta ụka gbasara otu esi agbanwe echiche na njirimara nke ndị odide ya site na ibi na mba ọzọ na izute omenala dị iche iche.{{sfn|Bragg|2017|p=130}}

N'ime &quot;Dear Ijeawele ma ọ bụ A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions&quot; ọ tụlere isiokwu njirimara nke na-apụta na &quot;Purple Hibiscus&quot;', &quot;Half of a Yellow Sun&quot;', na &quot;The Thing Around Your Neck&quot; dịka echiche efu nke ọdịdị ahụ ụmụ nwanyị ojii, ntutu isi ha na ihe ha na-eme.{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=1–2}} &quot;Dear Ijeawele&quot; na-emesi ike mkpa ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke iji aha ndị Africa eme ihe,{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=2–3}} ịjụ [[Mkpawa dabere na agba akpụkpọ ahụ|agba]],{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=3–4}} na-egosipụta nnwere onwe ikwu okwu n'otú ha si eyi ntutu isi ha (gụnyere ịjụ ịchọ ịmata ihe gbasara ya){{sfn|Sebola|2022|p=5}} na izere [[commodification]], dị ka ule alụmdi na nwunye, nke Na-ebelata uru nwanyị gaa na nke ihe nrite, na-ahụ naanị uru ya dị ka nwunye nwoke.{{sfn|Sebola|2022|p=6}} Ndị inyom ya na-ajụkarị ka a kọwaa ha site na echiche ndị na-adịghị mma ma na-achọ ike ụmụ nwanyị.{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=6–7}}

Ọrụ Adichie na-ekwukarị banyere nchọpụta ezinụlọ n'etiti ọgbọ dị iche iche, na-enye ya ohere inyocha ahụmịhe dị iche iche nke mmegbu na nnwere onwe. Na ''Purple Hibiscus'' na &quot;[[Onye Akụkọ Ihe Mere Eme Isi]]&quot;, Adichie lere isiokwu ndị a anya site na iji ezinụlọ dị ka obere ihe nnọchianya nke ime ihe ike.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|p=26}} Mmekọahụ ụmụ nwanyị, ma n'ime mmekọrịta alụmdi na nwunye nna ochie na n'èzí alụmdi na nwunye, bụ isiokwu Adichie na-ejikarị enyocha mgbagwoju anya na ókèala ịhụnanya. Ọrụ ya na-ekwu maka nwoke idina nwoke n'ihe gbasara alụmdi na nwunye n'akụkọ dịka &quot;Transition to Glory&quot;, na isiokwu ndị a machibidoro iwu dịka mmetụta ịhụnanya maka ndị ụkọchukwu na &quot;Purple Hibiscus&quot;, yana ịrata enyi nwoke enyi ya na &quot;Light Skin&quot;. Ịpụ nwa,{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=81}} ịbụ nne na nsogbu nke ịbụ nwanyị bụ isiokwu ndị na-apụta ìhè n'ọrụ Adichie, a na-enyochakwa ha mgbe niile n'ihe gbasara Iso Ụzọ Kraịst, [[nna nna]], na atụmanya mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=80}}{{sfn|Roifah|2021|p=179}}{{sfn|Daniels|2022|p=54}} Dịka ọmụmaatụ, n'akụkọ dị mkpirikpi &quot;Zikora&quot;, ọ na-ekwu maka akụkụ ndị dị ndụ, omenala na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke ịghọ nne na atụmanya ndị a na-atụ anya n'aka ụmụ nwanyị.{{sfn|Roifah|2021|p=179}} Akụkọ ahụ na-enyocha ọdịda nke mgbochi ime na afọ ime a na-atụghị anya ya, ịhapụ onye òtù ọlụlụ ya, ịbụ nne na-alụbeghị di, nrụgide mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na nsogbu njirimara Zikora, na mmetụta dị iche iche ọ na-enwe gbasara ịghọ onye nne.{{sfn|Roifah|2021|pp=182–183}}

Isiokwu ndị na-apụtakarị bụ mgbaghara na aghụghọ, dịka ọ dị na ''Ọkara Anyanwụ Odo'', mgbe Olanna gbaghaara onye hụrụ ya n'anya ekwesịghị ntụkwasị obi, ma ọ bụ mkpebi Ifemelu ikewapụ onwe ya na enyi ya nwoke na ''Americanah''.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=112}} Nnyocha Adichie banyere agha na-eme ka a mata otú akụkụ abụọ nke esemokwu ọ bụla si eme ihe ike na ọ dịghị akụkụ ọ bụla na-ata ụta maka ime ihe ike na-apụta. Akụkọ ya na-egosi na ihe ọmụma na nghọta nke klaasị na agbụrụ dị iche iche dị mkpa iji mepụta obodo dị iche iche nwere ọtụtụ agbụrụ dị iche iche.{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=5}} Ụdị ime ihe ike ndị ọzọ bụ isiokwu ugboro ugboro na ''Purple Hibiscus'', ''Ọkara nke Anyanwụ Odo'' na ''Ihe Gbara Olu Gị'';{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=5}}{{sfn|Hewett|2005|pp=79–80}} isiokwu ndị a na-egosi ike zuru ụwa ọnụ, ma ọ bụ mmetụta na ngosipụta n'ime ọha mmadụ nke iji ya eme ihe n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi.{{sfn|Carotenuto|2017|p=173}}

== Echiche ==
=== Ejiji ===
[[File:Ms. magazine Cover - Summer 2014.jpg|thumb|alt=Front cover of a print magazine|Adichie on the cover of ''[[Ms. (magazine)|Ms.]]'' in 2014]]
Adichie, n'isiokwu e dere na 2014 maka ''[[Elle (magazine)|Elle]]'',{{sfn|Adichie|2014}} dere na &quot;ụmụ nwanyị chọrọ ka a na-ewere ha nke ọma kwesịrị igosi na ha dị mkpa site n'enweghị mmasị n'ọdịdị ha.&quot;{{sfn|Mannur|2017|p=411}} Dịka o si kwuo, echiche ndị ọdịda anyanwụ dị iche na otú e si zụlite ya na Naịjirịa ebe nlebara anya mmadụ na ejiji na-adabere na oke ùgwù na nsọpụrụ ọha mmadụ ga-enye ya.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=216}} O kwuru na a na-ekpe ndị mmadụ ikpe otú ha si eyi uwe.{{sfn|Mannur|2017|p=412}} N'ịghọta mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ịma mma, ejiji, ụdị na enweghị nha anya na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, Adichie malitere ịkwado [[ahụ dị mma]] dị ka ụzọ isi nweta [[Agency (sociology)|agency]].{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=216}}{{sfn|Mannur|2017|p=412}}

Agụnyere Adichie na ''[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]''{{'}}s 2016 [[International Best Wressing Hall of Fame List|International Best-Wered List]], ma kpọọ [[Michelle Obama]] dị ka onye a ma ama n'ụdị ejiji ya.{{sfn|''Vanity Fair''|2016|p=144}}{{sfn|Safronova|2016}} N'afọ ahụ, [[Maria Grazia Chiuri]], onye nduzi okike nwanyị mbụ nke ụlọ ọrụ ejiji French [[Dior]], gosipụtara na nchịkọta mbụ ya uwe elu T-shirt nwere aha okwu TED nke Adichie, &quot;Anyị Kwesịrị Ịbụ Ihe Niile Ndị Na-eme Ihe Banyere Ụmụ Nwanyị&quot;.{{sfn|Brockes|2017}}{{sfn|Medrano|2016}} O juru Adichie anya mgbe ọ matara na Dior enwebeghị nwanyị na-achị ngalaba ihe okike ya ma kweta ịrụkọ ọrụ ọnụ na Chiuri, onye kpọrọ ya òkù dịka onye ọbịa a na-asọpụrụ ka ọ nọdụ n'ahịrị ihu nke ihe ngosi ụlọ ọrụ ahụ n'oge oge opupu ihe ubi nke 2016 [[Izu Ejiji Paris]].{{sfn|Medrano|2016}}{{sfn|Brockes|2017}}{{sfn|Ryan|2017}} Ọkà mmụta Matthew Lecznar kwuru na Adichie na-amakarị echiche ndị na-adịghị mma gbasara ụmụ nwanyị aka site na ntụnyere na ejiji. O kwuru na ikwe ka Dior gosipụta ederede ya bụ ụzọ dị mma isi jiri ụdị mgbasa ozi dị iche iche zie ozi ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, kamakwa ịzụlite aha ya dị ka &quot;ihe ngosi transmedia&quot; nwere ọtụtụ akụkụ ọgụgụ isi, akwụkwọ na ejiji.{{sfn|Lecznar|2017|p=168}} Ọ ghọrọ ihu nke [[Boots (ụlọ ọrụ)#Nke. 7 Protect &amp; Perfect Intense Beauty Serum|Nke 7]], ngalaba ihe ịchọ mma nke ụlọ ahịa ọgwụ Britain [[Boots (ụlọ ọrụ)|Boots]].{{sfn|Weatherford|2016}} N'ozi Facebook ya nke afọ 2016 nke akpọrọ ''Dear Ijeawele, ma ọ bụ Ihe ngosi ụmụ nwanyị n'ime aro iri na ise'', Adichie rụrụ ụka na ibelata ịdị mma nwanyị na ngosipụta ya site na ejiji na etemeete bụ &quot;akụkụ nke omenala nke ịkpa oke mmekọahụ&quot;.{{sfn|Safronova|2016}}

Na 8 Mee 2017, Adichie kwupụtara mkpọsa &quot;Wear Nigerian&quot; ya na ibe Facebook ya.{{sfn|Idowu|2017}}{{sfn|Hobdy|2020}} O hiwere akaụntụ [[Instagram]] nke ụmụnne ya nwanyị Chisom na Amaka jisiri ike,{{sfn|Idowu|2017}} wee nweta ihe dị ka 600,000 Ndị na-eso ụzọ.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=218}} Dịka Adichie si kwuo, ebumnuche ya bụ inyere aka chebe ihe nketa omenala Naịjirịa site n'igosipụta ụdị ọrụ aka na ojiji nke usoro, ihe na ákwà ọhụrụ e ji aka rụọ nke ndị na-emepụta ihe na Naịjirịa na-eji.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=217}} O meriri [[Shorty Awards|Shorty Award]] na 2018 maka mkpọsa ahụ,{{sfn|Agbo|2018a}} na na 2019 ahọpụtara ya dịka otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị iri na ise ga-apụta na mkpuchi nke ''[[British Vogue]]'' na mbipụta nke onye ọbịa deziri nke [[Meghan, Duchess nke Sussex]].{{sfn|''The Irish Times''|2019}} Na mkparịta ụka 2021 na [[Düsseldorfer Schauspielhaus]] ya na onye bụbu Chancellor nke Germany, [[Angela Merkel]], na ndị nta akụkọ [[Miriam Meckel]] na [[Léa Steinacker]], Adichie kwuru na ọ na-ejikarị ejiji akụziri ndị mmadụ gbasara ụdịdị dị iche iche.{{sfn|Gopalakrishnan|2021}}

=== Nkwerechi ===
Ọ bụ ezie na a zụlitere Adichie dịka [[Ụka Katọlik|Katọlik]], ọ na-ewere echiche ya, ọkachasị ndị gbasara echiche ụmụ nwanyị, dị ka ihe na-emegide okpukperechi ya mgbe ụfọdụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Raised Catholic |url=https://www.chimamanda.com/external_articles/raised-catholic/ |access-date=3 Maachị 2026 |website=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ka esemokwu okpukperechi bilitere na Naịjirịa n'etiti Ndị Kraịst na Ndị Alakụba na 2012, ọ gbara ndị ndu ume ka ha kwusaa ozi udo na ịdị n'otu.{{sfn|Shariatmadari|2012}} Adichie kwuru na mmekọrịta ya na Katọlik dị mgbagwoju anya n'ihi na ọ na-amata omenala dịka Katọlik, mana ọ na-eche na ilekwasị anya na ego na ikpe ọmụma nke Chọọchị adabaghị na ụkpụrụ ya.{{sfn|Augoye|2021}}

Na mmemme 2017 na [[Mahadum Georgetown]], o kwuru na ọdịiche dị n'echiche dị n'etiti ndị Katọlik na Ndị ndu [[Church Mission Society]] kpatara nkewa n'obodo Naịjirịa n'oge ọ bụ nwata, nakwa na ọ hapụrụ chọọchị ahụ n'oge e mere emume nhọpụta nke [[Pope Benedict XVI]] na 2005.{{sfn|Pongsajapan|2017}} O kwetara na ozizi [[Pope Francis]], onye a họpụtara na 2013, na ọmụmụ nwa ya nwanyị na 2016 dọtara ya azụ n'okpukpe Katọlik ma kpalie mkpebi ya ịzụlite nwa ya dị ka onye Katọlik.{{sfn|Pongsajapan|2017}} Ka ọ na-erule 2021, Adichie kwuru na ya bụ [[Onye Kraịst aha ya bụ onye Katọlik]] ma na-aga naanị [[Mass n'ime Chọọchị Katọlik|Mass]] mgbe ọ hụrụ [[Onye Kraịst na-aga n'ihu|obodo na-aga n'ihu]] nke lekwasịrị anya n'ịkwalite ụmụ mmadụ. O mere ka o doo anya na &quot;Echere m na m bụ onye na-enweghị ike ịmata ihe dị na ya ma na-ajụ ajụjụ&quot;.{{sfn|Augoye|2021}}

N'afọ ahụ, e bipụtara echiche ya gbasara akwụkwọ ozi Pope Francis ''[[Fratelli tutti]]'' n'asụsụ Itali na mbipụta nke ise nke ọnwa Julaị nke akwụkwọ akụkọ Vatican ''[[L'Osservatore Romano]]''.{{sfn|Sarr|2021}}{{sfn|Adichie|2021}} N'isiokwu ya nke afọ 2021 bụ &quot;{{lang|it|Sognare come un'unica umanità|italics=no}}&quot; (&quot;Ịrọ nrọ dị ka mmadụ na-alụbeghị di&quot;), Adichie chetara na a na-akatọ ya n'olili nne ya maka ịkatọ ilekwasị anya na Chọọchị n'ego, mana o kwetakwara na emume Katọlik nyere ya nkasi obi n'oge iru újú ya.{{sfn|Sarr|2021}}

=== Ikike nwoke idina nwoke na nwoke ===
Adichie bụ onye na-akwado [[ikike LGBT na Afrịka]] ma na-akwado [[ikike LGBT na Naịjirịa]].{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=818}}{{sfn|Crockett|2017}} Mgbe Naịjirịa tinyere iwu megidere nwoke idina nwoke na nwanyị na 2014, ọ so n'ime ndị edemede Naịjirịa jụrụ iwu ahụ, na-akpọ ya ihe megidere iwu, ikpe na-ezighị ezi na &quot;ihe dị ịtụnanya nye mba nwere ọtụtụ nsogbu n'ezie&quot;. O kwuru na ndị toro eto na-egosi ibe ha ịhụnanya emerụghị ọha mmadụ ahụ, kama na iwu ahụ &quot;ga-eduga na mpụ ime ihe ike&quot;.{{sfn|Useni|2014}} Adichie bụ ezigbo enyi na onye edemede Kenya [[Binyavanga Wainaina]] onye pụtara n'ihu ọha na 2014.{{sfn|Malec|2017}}{{sfn|Iju Mmiri|2019}} Onye edemede Bernard Dayo kwuru na [[ihe ọmụma]] Adichie gwara Wainaina na 2019 dọtara mmụọ nke &quot;onye na-akwado LGBTQ [nke] ụwa akwụkwọ Africa ebe a ka na-emeso nwoke idina nwoke dị ka echiche dị nro.&quot;{{sfn|Dayo|2019}}

=== Ntinye nwoke na nwanyị site na nwoke ===
Kemgbe afọ 2017, Adichie na-akparịta ụka n'ihu ọha mgbe ụfọdụ gbasara okwu gbasara transgender, ụfọdụ na-ebokwa ya ebubo na ọ bụ [[transphobia]].{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=354}} N'ajụjụ ọnụ [[Channel 4]] nke afọ 2017, Adichie kwuru na ahụmịhe nke nwanyị &quot;biri ndụ dịka nwoke, nwere ihe ùgwù ụwa nyere ụmụ nwoke&quot; abụghị otu ahụmịhe ahụ dịka &quot;nwanyị nke, site na mbido, biri n'ụwa dịka nwanyị&quot;.{{sfn|Ring|2022}}{{sfn|Crockett|2017}} N'ihe o dere na Facebook, o dere na ụmụ nwanyị transgender na ahụmịhe ụmụ nwanyị ndị ọzọ dị iche, mmadụ nwekwara ike ikweta ọdịiche ndị ahụ na-enweghị imebi ma ọ bụ belata ahụmịhe ndụ nke otu ọ bụla.{{sfn|Crockett|2017}} O mesiri ike na a na-eme ka ụmụ agbọghọ na-akpakọrịta n'ụzọ ndị na-emebi uru onwe ha, nke nwere mmetụta na-adịgide adịgide ná ndụ ha niile, ebe ụmụ nwoke na-erite uru site na uru nke ihe ùgwù nwoke, tupu mgbanwe.{{sfn|Crockett|2017}}{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=820}}

Esemokwu ahụ pụtara ọzọ na 2020 mgbe Adichie kwupụtara nkwado maka [[J. Edemede K. Rowling]] gbasara okike na mmekọahụ, mgbe ọ kpọrọ ya &quot;ihe ezi uche dị na ya&quot; n'oge ajụjụ ọnụ ya na akwụkwọ akụkọ Britain, ''The Guardian''.{{sfn|Allardice|2020}}{{sfn|Okafor|2020}} Ajụjụ ọnụ ahụ kpalitere mmeghachi omume [[Twitter]] site n'aka ndị nkatọ echiche ya, nke gụnyere onye gụsịrị akwụkwọ na otu n'ime [[Ọrụ Ndị Odee (ọrụ)|Ọrụ Ide Ihe]] nke Adichie, [[Akwaeke Emezi]].{{sfn|Akhabau|2020}}{{sfn|Okafor|2020}} Na nzaghachi, Adichie dere &quot;Ọ Bụ Ihe Ọjọọ: Echiche Eziokwu n'Akụkụ Atọ&quot; wee biputere ya na weebụsaịtị ya na June 2021, na-akatọ ojiji nke mgbasa ozi ọha iji kwupụta mkpesa.{{sfn|Iju Mmiri|2021b}}{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=354}} Ihe ndị a N'ọnwa, ụmụ akwụkwọ obodo LGBT na [[Mahadum Cape Town]], South Africa, jụrụ ikwu okwu ihu ọha ya n'ogige ha.{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=354}} Adichie kwuru na ajụjụ ọnụ ya na [[Otosirieze Obi-Young]] na Septemba na &quot;ihe mwute dị ukwuu&quot; maka mmeghachi omume ahụ nakwa na n'oge esemokwu ahụ, ọ gụrụ ihe ọ bụla ọ hụrụ na isiokwu trans iji nyere ya aka ịghọta ihe na-eme.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}}

Na ngwụcha afọ 2022, Adichie nwetara nkatọ ọzọ maka echiche ya mgbe ọ gbasịrị ajụjụ ọnụ ọzọ na &quot;The Guardian&quot; mgbe ọ sịrị, &quot;Ya mere, onye yiri nwanne m nwoke—ọ na-asị, 'Abụ m nwanyị', wee banye n'ime ụlọ ịsa ahụ ụmụ nwanyị, otu nwanyị wee sị, 'Ị gaghị anọ ebe a', ọ nọkwa &quot;Ndị na-agbanwe agbanwe na-akpọ mmadụ asị?&quot;{{sfn|Ring|2022}}{{sfn|Williams|2022}}{{sfn|Baska|2022}} Magazin ahụ ''[[PinkNews]]'' kwuru na Adichie &quot;anaghị enwe mmetụta&quot; nakwa na ọ na-eji &quot;okwu ọjọọ&quot;.{{sfn|Baska|2022}} Ọkammụta Cheryl Stobie kwuru na Adichie kwadoro &quot;echiche nkewa nke okike&quot;.{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=355}} Onye nchọpụta B. Camminga kwuru na aha Adichie mere ka okwu ya banyere ụmụ nwanyị trans na-akpọ mmadụ asị dịkwuo elu ma mechie olu ụmụ nwanyị Africa ndị ọzọ, ma ndị trans na ndị cis, ọnụ.{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=819}}

== Ndụ nkeonwe ==
Adichie bụ onye ụka [[Katọlik]].{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Na nwata, ya na ezinaulo ya na-eje ụka na St. Paul, Abba.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Ọ bi na mba Amerika{{sfn|Pearce|2017}} ma nwekwa ụlọ na Naijiria.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}

N'afọ 2009, ọ lụrụ Ivara Esege.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Ha nwere ụmụ atọ; amụrụ nwa ha nwanyị n'afọ 2016,{{sfn|Chutel|2016}} ya na ejima nwoke n'afọ 2024 site na ụzọ surrogacy dịka Adichie si kwuo n'ajụjụ ọnụ ndị ''[[The Guardian]]'' jụrụ ya.{{sfn|Edwardes|2025}}{{sfn|Lee|2025}} Otu n'ime ejima ahụ nke aha ya bụ Nkanu Nnamdi nwụrụ na 7 January 2026 mgbe ọ dị ọnwa 21, mgbe ọ rịasịrị ọrịa.{{sfn|Ige|2026}}{{sfn|Glynn|2026}} Adichie kwuru ihe kpatara ọnwụ nwa ya nwoke bụ nleghara anya ahụike nke ụlọọgwụ Euracare dị na Lagos, ebe anabatara Nkanu. Akụkụ nke nleghara anya ahụ, dịka ya si kwuo, gụnyere ịjụ ikuku, na ime ka nwatakịrị ahụ daa jụụ nke butere [[njide obi]]. N'agbanyeghi ulọọgwụ ahụ gosiri mwute ha na-eje onwu nwa Adichie nọ, ha ekwetaghi ebubo ndị ahụ.{{sfn|Okafor|2026}} A malitere nnyocha gbasara ọnwụ Nkanu na 14 Eprel 2026.{{sfn|Ewokor|2026}} Emesịri kwụsị ya bụ nyocha n'ihi ntinye aka nke aatụghị anya ya sitere n'aka ọkaiwu ukwu nke Steeti Lagos.{{sfn|Oduah|2026}}

Na 2 Mee 2015, a tọọrọ nna Adichie ma mesịa tọhapụ ya ụbọchị ole na ole ka e mesịrị.{{sfn|Lee|2015}} Nna ya nwụrụ n'ihi ọrịa n'afọ 2020 ebe nne ya, n'oge ọrịa [[COVID-19]],{{sfn|Broom|2021}} nwụrụ n'afo 2021.{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}}

== Ihe ncheta ==
=== Mmetụta oha ===
[[Larissa MacFarquhar]] nke ''The New Yorker'' kwuru na Adichie &quot;a na-ewere ya dị ka otu n'ime ndị edemede akwụkwọ akụkọ kacha mkpa na nke mbụ n'ọgbọ ya&quot;.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Asụgharịala ọrụ ya n'ihe karịrị asụsụ 30.{{sfn|Luckett|2018|p=155}} Obi-Young Otosirieze kwuru n'akụkọ mkpuchi ya gbasara Adichie maka magazin Naịjirịa ''[[Open Country Mag]]'' na Septemba 2021, na &quot;akwụkwọ akụkọ ya... mebiri mgbidi n'akwụkwọ mbipụta. ''Purple Hibiscus'' gosiri na e nwere ahịa mba ụwa maka akụkọ ifo ndị Africa mgbe Achebe gasịrị [na] ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' gosiri na ahịa ahụ nwere ike ichebara akụkọ ihe mere eme ndị Africa echiche&quot;.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} N'isiokwu mbụ e bipụtara na ''[[Brittle Paper]]'', o kwuru na ''Half of a Yellow Akwụkwọ akụkọ Sun''{{'}}s wepụtara na 2006 rere mkpụrụ 500,000, ihe atụ nke ihe ịga nke ọma n'ahịa maka akwụkwọ, tupu Ọktoba 2009 na UK naanị.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2017}} Akwụkwọ akụkọ ya bụ 'Americanah' rere mkpụrụ 500,000 na US n'ime afọ abụọ nke ewepụtara ya na 2013.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2017}}{{sfn|Germain|2015}} {{Ruo|2022}}, &quot;The Danger of a Single Story&quot; enwetala ihe karịrị nde 27.{{sfn|Kumolu|2022}} Ruo 1 Septemba 2023, okwu ahụ bụ otu n'ime mkparịta ụka TED 25 kachasị elele n'oge niile.{{sfn|Assheton|2023}}

Dịka Lisa Allardice, onye nta akụkọ na-ede maka ''The Guardian'', Adichie si kwuo. ghọrọ &quot;nwa agbọghọ mara mma maka echiche ụmụ nwanyị nke oge a mgbe okwu TED Talk ya nke afọ 2012 bụ́ 'Anyị Kwesịrị Ịbụ Ndị Nwanyị' batara n'ọkwa dị iche iche ma kesaa ya n'ụdị akwụkwọ nye ụmụaka niile dị afọ 16 na Sweden&quot;.{{sfn|Allardice|2020}} Adichie aghọọla &quot;onye ama ama n'ụwa niile maka ụmụ nwanyị&quot; na &quot;onye na-eche echiche ọha&quot; dịka onye nta akụkọ Lauren Alix Brown si kwuo.{{sfn|Brown|2017}} Akụkụ nke okwu TEDx nke Adichie bụ́ &quot;Anyị Kwesịrị Ịbụ Ndị Nwanyị&quot; ka e tinyere n'abụ &quot;[[Flawless (Abụ Beyoncé)|Flawless]]&quot; nke [[Beyoncé]] dere na 13 Disemba 2013.{{sfn|Kiene|2016}} Adichie kwuru okwu megide ndị nkatọ bụ́ ndị mechara jụọ onye ọbụ abụ ahụ akwụkwọ ikike ịbụ onye inyom n'ihi na ọ na-eji mmekọahụ ya &quot;eme ka anya nwoke na nwoke dị mma&quot;. N'ịgbachitere Beyoncé, Adichie kwuru, sị: &quot;Onye ọ bụla kwuru na ha bụ ndị inyom nwere ọbara ọbara.&quot;{{sfn|Danielle|2014}}

Ọkà mmụta Matthew Lecznar kwuru na ọkwa Adichie dị ka &quot;otu n'ime ndị edemede na ndị inyom nwere ọtụtụ ihe a ma ama n'oge a&quot; nyere ya ohere iji onye ama ama ya &quot;gosipụta ike nke uwe ma nye ndị mmadụ ike site na ọnọdụ dị iche iche ịnakwere [ejiji]... nke nwere ihe niile metụtara ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke njirimara&quot;.{{sfn|Lecznar|2017|p=169}} Ndị ọkà mmụta Floriana Bernardi na Enrica Picarelli kwuru na nkwado ya maka ụlọ ọrụ ejiji Naịjirịa nyere aka itinye Naịjirịa &quot;n'ihu&quot; n'ime mmegharị iji ejiji dị ka usoro ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị a ma ama n'ụwa niile nke inye ike.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=220}} [[Toyin Falola]], prọfesọ akụkọ ihe mere eme, na nyocha nke agụmakwụkwọ na Naịjirịa, katọrọ amụma nke ibuli ndị ọkà mmụta elu n'oge. O kwuru na agụmakwụkwọ, ọkachasị n'ihe gbasara ụmụ mmadụ, kwesịrị ịma aka n'iwu na usoro iji mee ka nkwekọrịta mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ụmụ amaala na gọọmentị sikwuo ike. O tụrụ aro ka a na-elekwasị anya site n'ịkwado ndị ọkà mmụta bụ ndị na-emetụta ndị ọkà mmụta ndị ọzọ gaa n'ịkwado ndị ọkà mmụta na-eji nkà ha enyere steeti aka ma na-eje ozi dị ka ndị ndụmọdụ nye ndị ntorobịa Naịjirịa. Adichie so n'ime ndị o chere na ha ruru eru dị ka &quot;ndị dike nwere ọgụgụ isi&quot;, bụ ndị &quot;kwalitere ókè nke mgbanwe mmekọrịta ọha na eze&quot;.{{sfn|Olaopa|2022}}

[[File:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie - mural Ciudad Lineal (cropped).jpg|thumb|287x287px|Adichie on the [[Concepción Feminist Mural]] in [[Madrid]], Spain]]
E tinyere akwụkwọ Adichie nke akpọrọ &quot;Half of a Yellow Sun&quot; n'ime [[Half of a Yellow Sun (fim)|fim nke otu aha ahụ]] nke [[Biyi Bandele]] duziri na 2013.{{sfn|Felperin|2013}} Na 2018, e tinyere eserese Adichie na [[mgbidi mgbidi]] na Municipal Sport Center na [[Concepción (Madrid)|Concepción barrio]] nke [[Madrid]], ya na ụmụ nwanyị iri na anọ ndị ọzọ. Ndị agbata obi họpụtara ụmụ nwanyị iri na ise ahụ iji gosipụta ọrụ ụmụ nwanyị na akụkọ ntolite ma jee ozi dị ka ihe nnọchianya nke nha anya. Ndị bi n'ógbè ahụ meriri ihe ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na-eme iji wepụ ihe osise ahụ na 2021 site na mkpesa nke mbinye aka a nakọtara.{{sfn|''El Mundo''|2021}}

Luke Ndidi Okolo, onye nkuzi na [[Nnamdi Azikiwe University]] kwuru:{{sfn|Okolo|2016|p=12}}

{{Blockquote|text=Adichie dere na-akọwa isiokwu na isiokwu doro anya ma dị elu. Mana isiokwu na isiokwu abụghị ihe ọhụrụ na akwụkwọ akụkọ Afrịka. Ihe dị iche na ihe dị iche na ihe osise Chimamanda Adichie nke Purple Hibiscus bụ ụdị ejiji ya - nhọrọ ya nke atụmatụ asụsụ na akwụkwọ, yana usoro ojiji nke atụmatụ ndị ahụ na njikọta dị egwu nke echiche na echiche nke ndị odide.}}

Ọrụ Adichie enwetala otuto dị ukwuu na ọtụtụ ihe nrite.{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|page=75}}{{sfn|Hewett|2005|page=75}} Ndị nkatọ akwụkwọ dịka Daria Tunca dere na ọrụ Adichie dị mkpa nke ukwuu ma kwuo na ọ bụ olu dị mkpa na [[Ọgbọ nke Atọ nke Ndị Ode Akwụkwọ Naịjirịa]],{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=306}} ebe Izuu Nwankwọ kpọrọ atụmatụ aha Igbo ya mepụtara dị ka &quot;ụdị nka&quot;, nke o mere ka ọ zuo oke n'ọrụ ya.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=3}} O toro ikike ya itinye asụsụ Igbo na ihe ọ pụtara na Ederede Bekee n'emeghị ka akụkọ ahụ ghara ịdị mma ma ọ bụ gbagọọ akụkọ ahụ.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=8}} N'ikpe nke [[Ernest Emenyonu]], otu n'ime ndị ọkà mmụta kacha pụta ìhè na [[akwụkwọ Igbo]],{{sfn|Igwe|2017|p=7}} Adichie bụ &quot;olu kacha elu ma na-adọrọ mmasị n'oge ya&quot; ma ọ kọwara ya dị ka &quot;onye na-akọ akụkọ kacha elu n'Africa&quot;.{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=2}} [[Toyin Falola]], prọfesọ akụkọ ihe mere eme, toro ya na ndị edemede ndị ọzọ, dị ka &quot;ndị dike nwere ọgụgụ isi&quot;.{{sfn|Olaopa|2022}} Leslie Gray Streeter nke ''[[The Independent]]'' kwuru na echiche Adichie banyere iru újú &quot;na-eme ka mmetụta uche a zuru ụwa ọnụ na-atọ ụtọ, nke bụkwa otu n'ime ndị kacha nwee ihe ọmụma zuru ụwa ọnụ. zere.&quot;{{sfn|Streter|2021}} A maara ya nke ọma dịka &quot;ada akwụkwọ Chinua Achebe&quot;.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=109}} Jane Shilling nke ''[[Daily Telegraph]]'' kpọrọ ya &quot;onye na-eme ka akụkọ dị mfe dịka abụ nnụnụ&quot;.{{sfn|Shilling|2009}}

Adichie enwetala otuto dị ukwuu maka okwu na nkuzi ya.{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=818}}{{sfn|Anasuya|2015}}{{sfn|Wagner|2015}} Prọfesọ mgbasa ozi na nkwukọrịta Erika M. Behrmann, onye nyochachara okwu Adichie nke TEDxEuston, &quot;Anyị Kwesịrị Ịbụ Ndị Na-eme Ihe n'Ụmụ Nwanyị&quot; toro ya dịka &quot;onye nwere onyinye n'akụkọ&quot;, onye nwere ike iso ya kparịta ụka nke ọma. ndị na-ege ntị.{{sfn|Behrmann|2017|p=315}} Agbanyeghị, Behrmann katọrọ enweghị mkparịta ụka n'okwu ahụ gbasara akụkụ dị iche iche nke njirimara ndị mmadụ na ntụkwasị obi Adichie na okwu abụọ (nwoke/nwanyị, nwoke/nwanyị, nwoke/nwanyị), nke hapụrụ &quot;obere ohere iche echiche na inyocha otu ndị transgender na ndị na-eme ihe n'omume ụmụ nwanyị&quot; si enye aka ma ọ bụ emetụta ha site na omume ụmụ nwanyị.{{sfn|Behrmann|2017|p=316}} Emenyonu kwuru na &quot;okwu ya, blọgụ, echiche ya na mgbasa ozi ọha, edemede na nkọwa, nkuzi ogbako maka ndị edemede na-eto eto na mkparịta ụka nkuzi... gbasaa ma kọwaa ọrụ ya dị ka onye edemede&quot;.{{sfn|Ememyonu|2017|p=1}} Ọkà mmụta Grace Musila kwuru na akara Adiche gụnyere aha ya dị ka onye edemede, onye ọha na eze, na onye na-emepụta ejiji, nke mere ka ikike ya na echiche ya dịkwuo elu karịa agụmakwụkwọ. okirikiri.{{sfn|Musila|2020|p=807}}

=== Otito Ihe ndị odere ===
{{Main|Ndepụta ihe nrite na nhọpụta nke Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie natara}}
Adichie nwetara [[MacArthur Fellowship]] na 2008,{{sfn|Irvine|2008}} ya na ihe nrite agụmakwụkwọ ya ndị ọzọ gụnyere 2011–2012 Fellowship nke [[Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study na Harvard University]].{{sfn|Okachie|2011}} Na 2002, a họpụtara ya maka [[Caine Prize for African Writing]] maka akụkọ ya bụ &quot;Ị nọ n'Amerịka&quot;.{{sfn|Anya|2005}}{{sfn|Caine Prize|2009}} O meririkwa asọmpi akụkọ mkpụmkpụ [[BBC World Service]] maka &quot;That Harmattan Morning&quot;, ebe akụkọ mkpụmkpụ ya bụ &quot;The American Embassy&quot; meriri na 2003 [[O. Ihe nrite Henry]] na ihe nrite David T. Wong International Short Story Prize site na [[PEN International]].{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}}

Akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya nke afọ 2003, ''Purple Hibiscus'', nabatara nke ọma, wee nweta nyocha dị mma.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2018}} Akwụkwọ a rere nke ọma ma nye ya ihe nrite [[Commonwealth Foundation prize|Commonwealth Writers' Prize]] maka Akwụkwọ Kachasị Mma (2005), [[Hurston/Wright Legacy Award]], a kpọkwara ya aha maka [[Women's Prize for Fiction|Orange Prize for Fiction]] (2004).{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2018}} ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' (2006) nwetara ihe nrite ọzọ otuto, gụnyere mmeri nke ihe nrite Orange maka akụkọ ifo na 2007,{{sfn|Majendie|2007}} [[International Nonino Prize]] (2009),{{sfn|Medeossi|2009}}{{sfn|Ogwude|2011|p=122}} na [[Anisfield-Wolf Book Award]].{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}} Nchịkọta akụkọ Adichie ''The Thing Around Your Neck'' bụ onye nke abụọ na [[Dayton Literary Peace Prize]] maka 2010.{{sfn|Richardson|2011|pp=114–115}} Otu akụkọ sitere n'akwụkwọ ahụ, &quot;Ceiling&quot;, gụnyere na ''[[The Best American Short Storys 2011]]''.{{sfn|Sam-Duru|2014}} ''Americanah'' e depụtara n'ime ''[[The New York Times]]'' &quot;Akwụkwọ iri kacha mma nke 2013&quot;,{{sfn|''Nduzi''|2018}}{{sfn|''The New York Times''|2013}} wee merie [[National Book Critics Circle Award]] (2014),{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}}{{sfn|''National Book Critics''|2014}}{{sfn|Iju Mmiri|2014}} na [[One City One Book]] (2017).{{sfn|Weller|2017}} Akwụkwọ ya ''Dear Ijeawele'', nke a sụgharịrị n'asụsụ French dị ka {{lang|fr|Chère Ijeawele, ou un manifeste pour une éducation féministe}}, meriri [[Madame Figaro#Grand Prix Littéraire (nnukwu ihe nrite akwụkwọ)|Le Grand Prix de l'Héroïne Madame Figaro]] dị na ngalaba akwụkwọ akụkọ kacha mma na 2017.{{sfn|''TheCable''|2017}}{{sfn|Chela|2017}}

[[File:Chimamanda Adichie 11.09.10 (5248097626).jpg|220px|thumb|right|alt=A Black woman with short, curly hair speaks into a microphone in a warmly lit room. She is wearing a black and white striped dress and layered necklaces. Behind her are wooden-framed windows and decorative cobwebs on the wall. A water pitcher sits on the table in front of her, and there are people in the audience.|Adichie at an event related to her book ''[[The Thing Around Your Neck]]'', 2010]]

Adichie so n'ime ndị ikpeazụ nke [[Andrew Carnegie Medal for Excellence in Fiction]] (2014).{{sfn|Italie|2014}} O meriri [[Barnard Medal of Distinction]] (2016),{{sfn|Jaschik|2016}} na [[W. E. B. Du Bois Medal]] (2022), ihe nrite kachasị elu n'ihe gbasara ọmụmụ ihe ndị Afrịka na ndị Afrịka Amerịka site na [[Mahadum Harvard]].{{sfn|Edeme|2022a}} E depụtara ya na ''[[The New Yorker]]''{{'}}s &quot;20 Under 40&quot; ndị edemede na 2010, na 2014 ahọpụtara ya maka [[Africa39]], ọrụ nke [[Hay Festival] malitere.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/booksblog/2014/apr/10/port-harcourt-world-book-capital-2014-africa-39 |title=Africa39: Otu anyị si họrọ ndị edemede maka Port Harcourt World Book Capital 2014|first=Margaret|last=Busby|newspaper=The Guardian|date= 10 Eprel 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{sfn|''Nduzi''|2018}} A kpọrọ ya aha na ndepụta ''[[Oge 100]]''' na 2015,{{sfn|Jones|2015}} ma nọrọ na ndepụta ''[[Akụkọ Afrịka]]''{{'}}s nke &quot;100 Ndị Afrịka Kachasị Kpatara Aka&quot; na 2019.{{sfn|''Ventures Africa''|2019}} Na 2018, a họpụtara ya dị ka onye meriri na [[PEN Pinter Prize]], nke na-amata ndị edemede ọrụ akwụkwọ ha na-ekpughe eziokwu site na nyocha dị mkpa nke ndụ na ọha mmadụ. Onye natara ihe nrite ahụ ga-ahọpụta onye meriri ihe nrite ahụ, Pinter International Writer of Courage Award, nke Adichie kpọrọ [[Waleed Abulkhair]], ọkaiwu [[Saudi Arabia]] na onye na-akwado ikike mmadụ.{{sfn|Iju Mmiri|2018a}}{{sfn|Iju Mmiri|2018b}} Ihe nrite ụmụ nwanyị maka akụkọ ifo, nke a maara na mbụ dị ka ihe nrite Orange, họpụtara mmadụ iri abụọ na ise maka onye meriri ya iji sọpụrụ emume ncheta afọ iri abụọ na ise ya na 2020; &quot;Half of a Yellow Sun&quot; nke Adichie meriri ihe nrite ahụ.{{sfn|Iju Mmiri|2020}}

Na 2017, a họpụtara Adichie dị ka otu n'ime ndị otu ọhụrụ 228 e tinyere n'ime klas nke 237 nke [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]], nke mere ka ọ bụrụ onye Naijiria nke abụọ e nyere nsọpụrụ ahụ mgbe [[Wole Soyinka]] gasịrị.{{sfn|Ayo-Aderele|2017}} Ruo Maachị 2022, Adichie enwetala nzere nsọpụrụ 16 site na mahadum{{sfn|''Guardian Nigeria''|2022}} Onyeisiala Naịjirịa [[Muhammadu Buhari]] họpụtara ya dị ka onye natara [[Order of the Federal Republic]] na 2022,{{sfn | Ufuoma | 2022}} mana Adichie jụrụ ọkwa mba ahụ.{{sfn|Olaiya|2022}} Na 30 Disemba 2022, e nyere Adichie nsọpụrụ site n'inye [[ndị isi Naịjirịa|aha nke &quot;Odeluwa&quot;]], ọkwa onyeisi, site n'aka obodo ya bụ Abba na [[Anambra State]], nke mere ka ọ bụrụ nwanyị mbụ natara ọkwa onyeisi na Abba.{{sfn|Edeme|2022b}}{{sfn|Okogba|2023}}

== Ndekọ akwụkwọ ==

=== Akwụkwọ akụkọ ===
* {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Purple Hibiscus]] |publisher=[[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] |year=2003 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=London |ref=none}}
* {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Half of a Yellow Sun]] |publisher=[[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] |year=2006 |isbn=978-1-4000-4416-0 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=London |author-mask=2 |ref=none}}
* {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Americanah]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2013 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}}
* {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Dream Count]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2025 |isbn=978-0-593-80272-4 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}}

=== Nchịkọta akụkọ dị mkpirikpi ===

* {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[The Thing Around Your Neck]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2009 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}}

=== Akwụkwọ ncheta ===

* {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Notes on Grief]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2021 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}}

=== Akwụkwọ ndị na-abụghị akụkọ ifo ===

* {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[We Should All Be Feminists]] |publisher=[[Anchor Books]] |year=2014 |isbn=978-1-101-91176-1 |edition=paperback 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}}
* {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2017 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}}

== Edensibia ==
===Notes===
{{notelist}}
===Citations===
{{Reflist}}
===Sources===
{{Refbegin|30em}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Abba |first1=Abba A. |title=Remediating Biafra: Adichie's Half of a Yellow Sun as a Symbolic Vehicle of Postwar Reconciliation |journal=[[Research in African Literatures]] |date=Winter 2021 |volume=51 |issue=4 |pages=1–17 |doi=10.2979/reseafrilite.51.4.01 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/3/article/798051/pdf |access-date=2 May 2024 |publisher=[[Indiana University Press]] |location=Bloomington, Indiana |issn=0034-5210 |oclc=9144124984 |url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required |via=[[Project Muse]]}}
* {{cite news |last=Abimbola |first=Oluwakemi |title=Chimamanda Adichie Tackles Hillary Clinton over Twitter Bio |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-tackles-hillary-clinton-over-twitter-bio/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Punch]] |date=23 April 2018 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153337/https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-tackles-hillary-clinton-over-twitter-bio/ |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |last=Adebayo |first=Bukola |title=Hillary Clinton Has Changed Her Twitter Bio and It Does Not Start with Wife |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/04/24/africa/chimamanda-adichie-hillary-clinton-wife-africa/index.html |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[CNN]] |date=2 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153338/https://edition.cnn.com/2018/04/24/africa/chimamanda-adichie-hillary-clinton-wife-africa/index.html |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite web | last=Adeduyite | first=Okiki | title=Chimamanda Adichie to headline 2025 Things Fall Apart festival in Enugu | website=[[The Punch]] | date=14 May 2025 | url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-to-headline-2025-things-fall-apart-festival-in-enugu/ | access-date=14 July 2026 }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Adichie |first1=Amanda Ngozi |title=My Mother, the Crazy African |journal=In Posse Review |date=2000 |volume=Multi-Ethnic Anthology |url=http://www.webdelsol.com/InPosse/anthology_index.htm |publisher=Spectrum Publishers |location=San Francisco, California |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331193207/http://www.webdelsol.com/InPosse/anthology_index.htm |archive-date=31 March 2024 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=Truth and Lies |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2006/sep/16/fiction.society |access-date=31 March 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |location=London, UK |date=15 September 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331225357/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2006/sep/16/fiction.society |archive-date=31 March 2024 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite web |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=Why Can't a Smart Woman Love Fashion? |url=https://www.elle.com/fashion/personal-style/a12670/personal-essay-on-style-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=29 April 2024 |website=[[Elle (magazine)|Elle.com]] |date=20 February 2014 |publisher=[[Hearst Magazines|Hearst Magazines Digital Media]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240407214558/https://www.elle.com/fashion/personal-style/a12670/personal-essay-on-style-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=7 April 2024 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozie |title=Sognare come un'unica umanità |url=https://www.osservatoreromano.va/it/news/2021-07/quo-149/sognare-br-come-un-unica-umanita.html |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[L'Osservatore Romano]] |date=5 July 2021 |location=Vatican City |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126084417/https://www.osservatoreromano.va/it/news/2021-07/quo-149/sognare-br-come-un-unica-umanita.html |archive-date=26 November 2022 |language=Italian |trans-title=Dreaming as a Single Humanity |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |last=Agbo |first=Njideka |title=Chimamanda Adichie Wins Shorty Awards Literature Prize |url=https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-wins-shorty-awards-literature-prize/ |access-date=13 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=19 April 2018a |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210621050746/https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-wins-shorty-awards-literature-prize/ |archive-date=21 June 2021 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |last=Agbo |first=Njideka |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: The Fearless Writer |url=https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-the-fearless-writer/ |access-date=3 April 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=26 September 2018b |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240403164300/https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-the-fearless-writer/ |archive-date=3 April 2024 |url-status=live }}
*{{cite news |last=Akhabau |first=Izin |title=Akwaeke Emezi: Non-binary Author Shares Heartbreak at Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.voice-online.co.uk/entertainment/books/2020/11/18/akwaeke-emezi-non-binary-author-shares-heartbreak-at-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=19 November 2020 |work=[[The Voice (British newspaper)|The Voice]] |date=18 November 2020 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://archive.today/20201125215845/https://www.voice-online.co.uk/entertainment/books/2020/11/18/akwaeke-emezi-non-binary-author-shares-heartbreak-at-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=25 November 2020 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |last=Akinyoade |first=Akinwale |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Reveals How She Came about the Name 'Chimamanda' |url=https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-reveals-how-she-came-about-the-name-chimamanda/ |access-date=17 April 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=5 January 2021 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240425005651/https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-reveals-how-she-came-about-the-name-chimamanda/ |archive-date=25 April 2024 |url-status=live }}
*{{cite news |last=Allardice |first=Lisa |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'America under Trump felt like a personal loss' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/14/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-america-under-trump-felt-like-a-personal-loss |access-date=15 November 2020 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=14 November 2020 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://archive.today/20201115211512/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/14/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-america-under-trump-felt-like-a-personal-loss |archive-date=15 November 2020 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite web |last=Anasuya |first=Shreya Ila |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Speaks as Well as She Writes, Maybe Better |url=https://scroll.in/article/735501/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-speaks-as-well-as-she-writes-maybe-better |access-date=10 May 2024 |website=[[Scroll.in]] |date=20 June 2015 |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230605010346/https://scroll.in/article/735501/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-speaks-as-well-as-she-writes-maybe-better |archive-date=5 June 2023 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite web |title=Announcing the National Book Critics Awards Finalists for Publishing Year 2013 |url=http://bookcritics.org/blog/archive/announcing-the-national-book-critics-awards-finalists |access-date=14 January 2014 |website=bookcritics.org |publisher=[[National Book Critics Circle]] |date=14 January 2014 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140115014055/http://bookcritics.org/blog/archive/announcing-the-national-book-critics-awards-finalists |archive-date=15 January 2014 |ref={{sfnref|National Book Critics|2014}} }}
* {{cite news |last=Anthony |first=Joseph |title=Exploring the Literary Genius of Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://heraldngr.com/2023/04/exploring-the-literary-genius-of-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |access-date=27 March 2024 |work=[[The Herald (Nigeria)|Herald Nigeria]] |date=9 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327113929/https://heraldngr.com/2023/04/exploring-the-literary-genius-of-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |archive-date=27 March 2024 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite magazine |last=Anya |first=Ike |title=In the Footsteps of Achebe: Enter Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.africanwriter.com/in-the-footsteps-of-achebe-enter-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=31 March 2024 |magazine=African Writer |date=15 October 2005 |publisher=African Writer Magazine |location=Williamstown, New Jersey |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004131649/https://www.africanwriter.com/in-the-footsteps-of-achebe-enter-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=4 October 2023 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |last=Assheton |first=Richard |title=What the Outspoken Author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Told Me at Dinner |url=https://www.thetimes.com/culture/books/article/what-the-outspoken-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-told-me-at-dinner-kgm3gtdjw |access-date=22 May 2024 |work=[[The Times]] |date=1 September 2023 |location=London, UK }}
* {{cite news |last=Augoye |first=Jayne |title=Why I Stopped Attending Catholic Churches in Nigeria — Chimamanda Adichie |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/434475-why-i-stopped-attending-catholic-churches-in-nigeria-chimamanda-adichie.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=[[Premium Times]] |date=2 January 2021 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240509112927/https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/434475-why-i-stopped-attending-catholic-churches-in-nigeria-chimamanda-adichie.html |archive-date=9 May 2024 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |last=Ayo-Aderele |first=Adesola |title=Chimamanda Elected into US Academy of Arts and Science |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-elected-into-us-academy-of-arts-and-science/ |access-date=8 February 2021 |newspaper=[[The Punch]] |date=12 April 2017 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126061829/https://punchng.com/chimamanda-elected-into-us-academy-of-arts-and-science/ |archive-date=26 January 2022 |url-status=live }}
*{{cite news |last=Baska |first=Maggie |title=Author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Doubles Down on Anti-trans Views |url=https://www.thepinknews.com/2022/12/01/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-trans-women/ |access-date=19 March 2024 |work=[[PinkNews]] |date=1 December 2022 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231230131704/https://www.thepinknews.com/2022/12/01/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-trans-women/ |archive-date=30 December 2023 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite journal |last=Behrmann |first=Erika M. |title=Book and Media Reviews: Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi. 'We Should All Be Feminists', TEDxEuston Talk. |doi=10.1080/07491409.2017.1334456 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07491409.2017.1334456?scroll=top&amp;needAccess=true |access-date=11 May 2024 |journal=[[Women's Studies in Communication]] |date=July 2017 |volume=40 |issue=3 |pages=315–316 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire |issn=0749-1409 |oclc=7082968906 |url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required|via=[[Taylor &amp; Francis]]}}
*{{cite book |last1=Bernardi |first1=Floriana |last2=Picarelli |first2=Enrica |editor1-last=Paulicelli |editor1-first=Eugenia |editor1-link=Eugenia Paulicelli |editor2-last=Manlow |editor2-first=Veronica |editor3-last=Wissinger |editor3-first=Elizabeth |title=The Routledge Companion to Fashion Studies |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0Lo8EAAAQBAJ&amp;dq=The%20Routledge%20Companion%20to%20Fashion%20Studies%2C%20adichie&amp;pg=PT228 |date=2022 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire |chapter=[[DOI:10.4324/9780429264405-22|22. Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie as Fashion Icon: Addressing Nationalism and Feminism with Style]] |pages=215–222 |doi=10.4324/9780429264405-22 |isbn=978-0-367-20956-8 }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Bhuta |first1=Aishwarya |title=Book Review: Adichie, C.N., ''Dear Ijeawele, or a Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions'', London: Fourth Estate, 2017. 80 pages, ₹250. ISBN 978-0-00-824103-2 |journal=[[Indian Journal of Gender Studies]] |date=June 2018 |volume=25 |issue=2 |pages=319–323 |doi=10.1177/0971521518761445 |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0971521518761445 |access-date=9 May 2024 |publisher=[[SAGE Publications]] |location=Thousand Oaks, California |issn=0971-5215 |oclc=7651369612 |url-access=subscription }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Bragg |first1=Beauty |title=Racial Identification, Diaspora Subjectivity, and Black Consciousness in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Americanah and Helen Oyeyemi's Boy, Snow, Bird |journal=[[South Atlantic Review]] |date=Winter 2017 |volume=82 |issue=4 |pages=121–138 |jstor=90017450 |issn=0277-335X |oclc=9970616626}}
* {{cite web |last=Braimah |first=Ayodale |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie (1977–) |url=https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/adichie-chimamanda-ngozi-1977/ |access-date=16 August 2022 |website=[[BlackPast.org|BlackPast]] |date=13 February 2018 |publisher=BlackPast.org |location=Seattle, Washington |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220810173946/https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/adichie-chimamanda-ngozi-1977/ |archive-date=10 August 2022 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |last=Brockes |first=Emma |author-link=Emma Brockes |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'Can people please stop telling me feminism is hot?' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/mar/04/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-stop-telling-me-feminism-hot |access-date=22 August 2017 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=4 March 2017 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190903133059/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/mar/04/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-stop-telling-me-feminism-hot |archive-date=3 September 2019 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |last=Broom |first=Sarah M. |author-link=Sarah M. Broom |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'My Madness Will Now Bare Itself' |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/09/books/review/notes-on-grief-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |access-date=30 April 2024 |url-access=limited |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=9 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502021205/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/09/books/review/notes-on-grief-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |archive-date=2 May 2024 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite web |last=Brown |first=Lauren Alix |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'Sometimes it feels like the universe is conspiring against me' |website=Quartz |date=11 December 2017 |url=https://qz.com/quartzy/1133732/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-talks-about-feminism-and-raising-her-daughter-in-a-gendered-world |access-date=14 May 2024 }}
* {{cite web | last=Busby | first=Margaret | author-link=Margaret Busby | title=Africa39: how we chose the writers for Port Harcourt World Book Capital 2014 | website=[[The Guardian]] | date=10 April 2014 | url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/booksblog/2014/apr/10/port-harcourt-world-book-capital-2014-africa-39 | access-date=14 July 2026 | location=London, UK }}
* {{cite news |last=Busby |first=Margaret |author-link=Margaret Busby |title=Buchi Emecheta Obituary |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/feb/03/buchi-emecheta-obituary |access-date=14 November 2020 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=3 February 2017 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170204094646/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/feb/03/buchi-emecheta-obituary |archive-date=4 February 2017 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |last=Cain |first=Sian |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Slams BBC 'Ambush' with Trump Supporter |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/nov/28/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-slams-bbc-ambush-with-trump-supporter-newsnight |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=28 November 2016 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153327/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/nov/28/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-slams-bbc-ambush-with-trump-supporter-newsnight |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |last=Calkin |first=Jessamy |title=Love in the Time of Cornrows: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie on Her New Novel |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/authorinterviews/9968921/Love-in-the-time-of-cornrows-Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-on-her-new-novel.html |access-date=11 May 2024 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=6 April 2013 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207182012/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/authorinterviews/9968921/Love-in-the-time-of-cornrows-Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-on-her-new-novel.html |archive-date=7 December 2023 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite journal |last=Camminga |first=B. |title=Disregard and Danger: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie and the Voices of Trans (And Cis) African Feminists |doi=10.1177/0038026120934695 |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0038026120934695 |access-date=8 May 2024 |journal=[[The Sociological Review]] |date=July 2020 |volume=68 |issue=4 |pages=817–833 |publisher=[[Sage Publishing]] |location=Thousand Oaks, California |issn=0038-0261 |oclc=8643495664 |url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required|via=[[Sage Publishing|SAGE Journals]]}}
* {{cite book |last1=Carotenuto |first1=Silvana |editor1-last=Ememyonu |editor1-first=Ernest N. |editor-link=Ernest Emenyonu |title=A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |date=2017 |publisher=[[James Currey]] |location=Woodbridge, Suffolk |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXkVvgAACAAJ&amp;pg=PA18 |chapter=12. 'A Kind of Paradise' Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Claim to Agency, Responsibility &amp; Writing |pages=169–184 |chapter-url=https://unora.unior.it/retrieve/handle/11574/171405/29601/Companion%20to%20Chimamanda%20first%20proofs%20inc%20re-run%20Appendix-%20S%20Carotenuto.pdf |isbn=978-1-84701-162-6 }}
* {{cite magazine |last=Chela |first=Efemia |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Named a Nouvelle Héroïne of Literature in France |url=https://johannesburgreviewofbooks.com/2017/08/07/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-named-a-nouvelle-heroine-of-literature-in-france/ |access-date=15 May 2024 |magazine=[[The Johannesburg Review of Books]] |date=7 August 2017 |publisher=Ben Williams Publishing |location=Johannesburg, South Africa |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240221180302/https://johannesburgreviewofbooks.com/2017/08/07/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-named-a-nouvelle-heroine-of-literature-in-france/ |archive-date=21 February 2024 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |title=Chimamanda Adichie – Quintessence of a Literary Icon |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201808060087.html |access-date=6 May 2024 |work=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]] |agency=[[AllAfrica]] |date=5 August 2018 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |id={{Gale|A550692546}} |ref={{sfnref|''Leadership''|2018}} }}
* {{cite magazine |title=Chimamanda Adichie Schools White Man: 'You Don't Get To Define Racism' |url=https://www.theroot.com/watch-chimamanda-adichie-schools-white-man-you-don-t-1790857702 |access-date=20 May 2024 |magazine=[[The Root (magazine)|The Root]] |date=12 November 2016 |publisher=[[G/O Media]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153327/https://www.theroot.com/watch-chimamanda-adichie-schools-white-man-you-don-t-1790857702 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The Root''|2016}} }}
*{{cite news |title=Chimamanda Adichie Wins French Literary Award |url=https://www.thecable.ng/chimamanda-adichie-wins-french-literary-award/ |access-date=15 May 2024 |work=[[TheCable]] |date=6 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517085832/https://www.thecable.ng/chimamanda-adichie-wins-french-literary-award |archive-date=17 May 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''TheCable''|2017}} }}
* {{cite news |title=Chimamanda Makes History as First African to Speak at Yale's Class Day |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/05/chimamanda-makes-history-as-first-african-to-speak-at-yales-class-day/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] |date=20 May 2019 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181154/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/05/chimamanda-makes-history-as-first-african-to-speak-at-yales-class-day/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Vanguard''|2019}} }}
* {{cite news |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, a Pride to Africa, a Treasure to the World |url=https://businessday.ng/offduty/article/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-a-pride-to-africa-a-treasure-to-the-world-2/ |access-date=23 March 2024 |work=[[Business Day (Nigeria)|Business Day]] |date=24 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323124934/https://businessday.ng/offduty/article/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-a-pride-to-africa-a-treasure-to-the-world-2/ |archive-date=23 March 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Business Day''|2016}} }}
* {{cite | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Dream Count Homecoming Tour: A Photo Diary | date=5 August 2025 | url=https://brittlepaper.com/2025/08/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-dream-count-homecoming-tour-a-photo-diary/ |website=[[Brittle Paper]]| language=en-US | ref={{sfnref|''Brittle Paper''|2025}} | access-date=14 July 2026}}
* {{cite news |title=Chimamanda's Mother for Burial May 1 |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/03/17/chimamandas-mother-for-burial-may-1/ |access-date=12 March 2022 |work=[[This Day]] |date=16 March 2021 |location=Apapa, Lagos |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522165155/https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/03/17/chimamandas-mother-for-burial-may-1/ |archive-date=22 May 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''This Day''|2021}} }}
* {{cite news |title=Chimamanda to Receive 16th Honorary PhD from the Catholic University of Louvain Belgium |url=https://guardian.ng/news/nigeria/chimamanda-to-receive-16th-honorary-phd-from-the-catholic-university-of-louvain-belgium/ |access-date=22 March 2022 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=22 March 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220322100849/https://guardian.ng/news/nigeria/chimamanda-to-receive-16th-honorary-phd-from-the-catholic-university-of-louvain-belgium/ |archive-date=22 March 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Guardian Nigeria''|2022}} }}
* {{cite news |last=Chutel |first=Lynsey |title=Award-Winning Author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Has Had a Baby, Not That It's Anyone's Business |url=http://qz.com/722822/award-winning-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-has-had-a-baby-not-that-its-anyones-business/ |access-date=3 July 2016 |work=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]] |date=3 July 2016 |publisher=[[G/O Media]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160704125129/http://qz.com/722822/award-winning-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-has-had-a-baby-not-that-its-anyones-business/ |archive-date=4 July 2016 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite web |last=Crockett |first=Emily |title=The Controversy over Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie and Trans Women, Explained |url=https://www.vox.com/identities/2017/3/15/14910900/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-transgender-women-comments-apology |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |date=15 March 2017 |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240325165825/https://www.vox.com/identities/2017/3/15/14910900/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-transgender-women-comments-apology |archive-date=25 March 2024 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite web | last=Cummins | first=Anthony | title=Dream Count by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie review – candid conversations with friends | website=[[The Guardian]] | date=2 March 2025 | url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/mar/02/dream-count-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-review-candid-conversations-with-friends | access-date=14 July 2026 }}
* {{cite magazine |title=Curriculum Vitae: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://magazine.krieger.jhu.edu/2015/11/curriculum-vitae-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=1 April 2024 |magazine=A &amp; S Magazine |date=Fall 2015 |volume=13 |issue=1 |publisher=Zanvyl Krieger School of Arts &amp; Sciences, [[Johns Hopkins University]] |location=Baltimore, Maryland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002220404/https://magazine.krieger.jhu.edu/2015/11/curriculum-vitae-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=2 October 2023 |ref={{sfnref|Krieger|2015}} }}
* {{cite book |last1=Dabiri |first1=Emma |author-link=Emma Dabiri |editor1-last=Beyer |editor1-first=Theresa |editor2-last=Burkhalter |editor2-first=Thomas |editor3-last=Liechti |editor3-first=Hannes |title=Seismographic Sounds: Visions of a New World |date=2015 |publisher=Norient |location=Berne, Switzerland |chapter=Re-Imagining Gender in Nigeria |chapter-url=https://norient.com/stories/gender-in-nigeria?topic=97 |isbn=978-3-9524496-0-8}}
* {{cite web |last=Danielle |first=Britni |date=2014-03-20 |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Defends Beyoncé: 'Whoever Says They're Feminist is Bloody Feminist' |url=http://www.clutchmagonline.com/2014/03/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-defends-beyonce-asks-shouldnt-women-sexuality/ |website=Clutch Magazine Online |location=Houston, Texas |publisher=Sutton Media |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140325224952/http://www.clutchmagonline.com/2014/03/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-defends-beyonce-asks-shouldnt-women-sexuality/ |archive-date=2014-03-25 |access-date=2026-04-25 |accessdate=2026-07-14 |archivedate=2014-04-23 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140423173503/http://www.clutchmagonline.com/2014/03/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-defends-beyonce-asks-shouldnt-women-sexuality/ }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Daniels |first1=Juliana |title=Alternative Feminism: Interrogating Marriage and Motherhood in Chimamanda Ngozie Adichie's ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' and ''Purple Hibiscus'' |journal=The International Journal of Humanities Education |date=2022 |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=53–66 |doi=10.18848/2327-0063/CGP/v21i01/53-66 |publisher=Common Ground Research Network, [[University of Illinois]] |location=Champaign, Illinois |issn=2327-0063 |oclc=9695413750 |id={{ProQuest|2743806195}}}}
* {{cite web |last=Dayo |first=Bernard |title=Read Chimamanda Adichie's Elegantly Moving Tribute to Binyavanga Wainaina and Cry with Us |url=https://ynaija.com/read-chimamanda-adichies-elegantly-moving-tribute-to-binyavanga-wainaina-and-cry-with-us/ |access-date=23 March 2024 |website=[[YNaija]] |date=28 May 2019 |publisher=Generation Y! |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200821225008/https://ynaija.com/read-chimamanda-adichies-elegantly-moving-tribute-to-binyavanga-wainaina-and-cry-with-us/ |archive-date=21 August 2020 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite journal |last=Dube |first=Musa W. |author-link=Musa Dube |title=Purple Hibiscus: A Postcolonial Feminist Reading |url=https://doaj.org/article/e1e37b7a0049415e8f108572b16ad66a |doi=10.7832/46-2-311 |journal=Missionalia |date=April 2019 |volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=222–235 |publisher=[[Stellenbosch University]] |location=Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa |issn=0256-9507 |oclc=8081262364 |doi-access=free }}
* {{cite news |last=Edeme |first=Victoria |title=Chimamanda Adichie Receives Harvard's Highest Honour |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-receives-harvards-highest-honour/ |access-date=5 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Punch]] |date=7 October 2022a |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505231800/https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-receives-harvards-highest-honour/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |last=Edeme |first=Victoria |date=30 December 2022b |title=Pictorial: Chimamanda Adichie receives chieftaincy title in hometown |work=Punch |url=https://punchng.com/pictorial-chimamanda-adichie-receives-chieftaincy-title-in-hometown/ |access-date=11 October 2024 }}
* {{cite news |last=Edwardes |first=Charlotte |date=15 February 2025 |title='Cancel culture? We should stop it. End of story': Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie on backlash, writer's block – and her new baby twins |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/feb/15/cancel-culture-we-should-stop-it-end-of-story-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-on-backlash-writers-block-and-her-two-new-babies |access-date=4 March 2025 }}
* {{cite book |last1=Egbunike |first1=Louisa Uchum |editor1-last=Ememyonu |editor1-first=Ernest N. |editor-link=Ernest Emenyonu |title=A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |date=2017 |publisher=[[James Currey]] |location=Woodbridge, Suffolk |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXkVvgAACAAJ&amp;pg=PA18 |chapter=1. Narrating the Past: Orality, History &amp; the Production of Knowledge in the Works of Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |pages=15–30 |isbn=978-1-84701-162-6}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Ejikeme |first1=Anene |title=The Women of Things Fall Apart, Speaking from a Different Perspective: Chimamanda Adichie's Headstrong Storytellers |journal=Meridians |date=2017 |volume=15 |issue=2 |pages=307–329 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/3/article/672856/pdf |access-date=1 May 2024 |publisher=[[Duke University Press]] |location=Durham, North Carolina |doi=10.2979/meridians.15.2.02 |issn=1536-6936 |oclc=8870766018 |url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required |via=[[Project Muse]]}}
* {{cite web |last=Ekpo |first=Nathan Nathaniel |title='British Women did not own properties, but Igbo Women could trade and own properties'—Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.modernghana.com/nollywood/34094/british-women-did-not-own-properties-but-igbo-women-could.html |access-date=20 May 2024 |website=[[ModernGhana]] |date=7 May 2018 |publisher=Modern Ghana Media Communication Ltd. |location=Accra, Ghana |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517181401/https://www.modernghana.com/nollywood/34094/british-women-did-not-own-properties-but-igbo-women-could.html |archive-date=17 May 2024 |url-status=live }}
*{{cite news |title=El madrileño barrio de la Concepción se une para exigir que no se toque un mural feminista |url=https://www.elmundo.es/madrid/2021/01/24/600da5da21efa05b308b4641.html |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[El Mundo (Spain)|El Mundo]] |agency=[[EFE]] |date=24 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240514214712/https://www.elmundo.es/madrid/2021/01/24/600da5da21efa05b308b4641.html |archive-date=14 May 2024 |location=Madrid, Spain |language=Spanish |trans-title=The Madrid Neighborhood of la Concepción Unites to Demand That a Feminist Mural Not Be Touched |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''El Mundo''|2021}} }}
* {{cite book |last1=Ememyonu |first1=Ernest N. |author-link=Ernest Emenyonu |editor1-last=Ememyonu |editor1-first=Ernest N. |title=A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |date=2017 |publisher=[[James Currey]] |location=Woodbridge, Suffolk |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXkVvgAACAAJ&amp;pg=PA3 |chapter=Introduction |pages=1–14 |isbn=978-1-84701-162-6}}
* {{cite news |last=Erezi |first=Dennis |title=Chimamanda Adichie Delivers Lecture at American University Commencement Ceremony |url=https://guardian.ng/news/chimamanda-adichie-delivers-lecture-at-american-university-commencement-ceremony/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=13 May 2019 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181144/https://guardian.ng/news/chimamanda-adichie-delivers-lecture-at-american-university-commencement-ceremony/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live }}
*{{cite news |last1=Espinoza Cárdenas |first1=Natalia |title=El feminismo da el vamos a Congreso Futuro con charla de Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: &quot;Hay que abrirse a conocer las otras historias&quot; |url=https://www.elmostrador.cl/destacado/2020/01/13/el-feminismo-da-el-vamos-a-congreso-futuro-con-charla-de-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-hay-que-abrirse-a-conocer-las-otras-historias/ |access-date=17 May 2024 |work=[[El Mostrador]] |date=13 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240514214710/https://www.elmostrador.cl/destacado/2020/01/13/el-feminismo-da-el-vamos-a-congreso-futuro-con-charla-de-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-hay-que-abrirse-a-conocer-las-otras-historias/ |archive-date=14 May 2024 |location=Providencia, Chile |language=Spanish |trans-title=Feminism Kicks Off the Future Congress with a Talk by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'We have to be open to knowing the other stories' |url-status=live }}
* {{cite web | last=Ewokor | first=Chris | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Nigeria to hold inquest into death of author's toddler | website=[[BBC]] | date=26 February 2026 | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cwygr2nzdp9o | access-date=14 July 2026 | location=London, UK }}
* {{cite web |last=Felperin |first=Leslie |title=''Half of a Yellow Sun'': London Review |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=11 October 2013 |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/a-yellow-sun-london-review-647828/ |access-date=23 April 2024 |location=Los Angeles, California |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120195053/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/a-yellow-sun-london-review-647828/ |archive-date=20 November 2023 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Wins US National Book Critics Circle Award |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/mar/14/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-national-book-critics-circle-awards |access-date=7 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=14 March 2014 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116001615/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/mar/14/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-national-book-critics-circle-awards |archive-date=16 January 2024 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Wins PEN Pinter Prize |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/jun/12/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wins-pen-pinter-prize |access-date=15 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=12 June 2018a |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240104065757/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/jun/12/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wins-pen-pinter-prize |archive-date=4 January 2024 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Accepts PEN Pinter Prize with Call to Speak Out |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/oct/09/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-accepts-pen-pinter-prize-with-call-to-speak-out |access-date=15 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=9 October 2018b |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802141640/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/oct/09/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-accepts-pen-pinter-prize-with-call-to-speak-out |archive-date=2 August 2023 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |last1=Flood |first1=Alison |title=Binyavanga Wainaina, Kenyan Author and Gay Rights Activist, Dies Aged 48 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/may/22/binyavanga-wainaina-kenyan-author-and-gay-rights-activist-dies-aged-48 |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=22 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230628153712/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/may/22/binyavanga-wainaina-kenyan-author-and-gay-rights-activist-dies-aged-48 |archive-date=28 June 2023 |location=London, UK |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Voted Women's Prize 'Winner of Winners' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/12/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-half-of-a-yellow-sun-voted-womens-prize-winner-of-winners |access-date=19 May 2021 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=12 November 2020 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240105135522/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/12/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-half-of-a-yellow-sun-voted-womens-prize-winner-of-winners |archive-date=5 January 2024 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie to Publish Memoir about Her Father's Death |url=http://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/feb/11/Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-to-publish-memoir-about-her-fathers-death |access-date=27 February 2021 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=11 February 2021a |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230916054818/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/feb/11/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-to-publish-memoir-about-her-fathers-death |archive-date=16 September 2023 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title='It is obscene': Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Pens Blistering Essay against Social Media Sanctimony |url=http://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/jun/16/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-social-media-sanctimony |access-date=30 June 2021 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=16 June 2021b |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629185700/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/jun/16/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-social-media-sanctimony |archive-date=29 June 2021 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite web |title=Four Speakers to Deliver the BBC Radio 4 Reith Lectures 2022 |url=https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/2022/bbc-radio-4-reith-lectures |access-date=2 December 2022 |website=Media Centre |publisher=[[BBC]] |date=30 September 2022 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323035233/https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/2022/bbc-radio-4-reith-lectures |archive-date=23 March 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|BBC Radio|2022}} }}
*{{cite news |last1=Germain |first1=Nicolas |title=Video: Nigerian Author's 'Americanah' Comes to France |url=https://www.france24.com/en/20150123-video-literature-nigerian-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-published-france |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[France 24]] |date=23 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221017231904/https://www.france24.com/en/20150123-video-literature-nigerian-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-published-france |archive-date=17 October 2022 |location=Paris, France |url-status=live }}
* {{cite web | last=Glynn | first=Paul | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Nigerian author 'devastated' by death of young son | website=[[BBC]] | date=8 January 2026 | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c62wx32re2po | access-date=14 July 2026 | location=London, UK }}
* {{cite news |last=Gonçalves |first=Emily |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Talks Feminism and Story-Telling |url=https://vanderbilthustler.com/2019/11/22/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-talks-feminism-and-story-telling/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[The Vanderbilt Hustler]] |date=22 November 2019 |publisher=[[Vanderbilt University]] |location=Nashville, Tennessee |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507030142/https://vanderbilthustler.com/2019/11/22/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-talks-feminism-and-story-telling/ |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite web |last=Gopalakrishnan |first=Manasi |title=Merkel Speaks with Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.dw.com/en/angela-merkel-and-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-in-conversation/a-59131973 |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[Deutsche Welle]] |date=9 September 2021 |location=Bonn, Germany |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231009030959/https://www.dw.com/en/angela-merkel-and-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-in-conversation/a-59131973 |archive-date=9 October 2023 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite web |last=Grady |first=Constance |title=Hillary Clinton and Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Talk Censorship, Feminism, and Pizzagate |url=https://www.vox.com/culture/2018/4/24/17271638/hillary-clinton-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-arthur-miller-freedom-write-pen-america-world-voices |access-date=20 May 2024 |website=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |date=24 April 2018 |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153327/https://www.vox.com/culture/2018/4/24/17271638/hillary-clinton-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-arthur-miller-freedom-write-pen-america-world-voices |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |last=Greenberg |first=Zoe |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Blueprint for Feminism |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/15/books/chimamanda-ngozi-adiche-dear-ijeawele.html |access-date=22 March 2024 |url-access=limited |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=15 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615032303/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/15/books/chimamanda-ngozi-adiche-dear-ijeawele.html |archive-date=15 June 2018 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Hewett |first1=Heather |title=Coming of Age: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie and the Voice of the Third Generation |journal=English in Africa |date=May 2005 |volume=32 |issue=1 |pages=73–97 |jstor=40239030 |issn=0376-8902 |oclc=5878056558}}
* {{cite web |last=Hobdy |first=Dominique |title=Why 'Americanah' Author Chimamanda Ngozi Is All About Nigerian Designers |url=https://www.essence.com/fashion/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wear-nigerian/ |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[Essence (magazine)|Essence.com]] |date=26 October 2020 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507151043/https://www.essence.com/fashion/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wear-nigerian/ |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite magazine |last=Ibeh |first=Chukwuebuka |title=Chimamanda Adichie Debuts Children's Book Under the Pseudonym Nwa Grace James |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2022/04/chimamanda-adichie-debuts-childrens-book-under-the-pseudonym-nwa-grace-james/ |access-date=1 April 2023 |magazine=[[Brittle Paper]] |date=7 April 2022 |publisher=[[Ainehi Edoro]] |location=Chicago, Illinois |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401065833/https://brittlepaper.com/2022/04/chimamanda-adichie-debuts-childrens-book-under-the-pseudonym-nwa-grace-james/ |archive-date=1 April 2023 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |last=Idowu |first=Torera |title=This Is Why Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Is Only Wearing Nigerian Brands |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2017/05/09/africa/chimamanda-wear-nigerian-campaign/index.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=[[CNN]] |date=9 May 2017 |location=Atlanta, Georgia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507151042/https://edition.cnn.com/2017/05/09/africa/chimamanda-wear-nigerian-campaign/index.html |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite web | last=Ige | first=Olugbenga | title=Chimamanda Adichie loses 21-month-old son | website=[[The Punch]] | date=8 January 2026 | url=https://punchng.com/breaking-chimamanda-adichie-loses-son/ | access-date=14 July 2026 | location=Lagos, Nigeria }}
* {{cite journal |editor1-last=Igwe |editor1-first=Chidi |title=Profile: Professor Ernest Nneji Ememyonu |journal=ISA Newsletter |date=Winter 2017 |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=7–10 |url=https://www.igbostudies.org/images/newsletter/isa-newsletter-winter-2017.pdf |access-date=2 May 2024 |publisher=Igbo Studies Association |location=Milwaukee, Wisconsin |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240402022840/https://www.igbostudies.org/images/newsletter/isa-newsletter-winter-2017.pdf |archive-date=2 April 2024 |issn=2375-9720 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |last=Irvine |first=Lindesay |title=Adichie Wins a $500,000 Genius Grant |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2008/sep/24/fiction.awardsandprizes |access-date=22 March 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=24 September 2008 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240322201112/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2008/sep/24/fiction.awardsandprizes |archive-date=22 March 2024 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Ishaya |first1=Yusuf Tsojon |last2=Gunn |first2=Michael |title=Graphology as Style in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's ''The Thing Around Your Neck'' |url=https://www.ajol.info/index.php/lwati/article/view/224185/211488 |journal=LWATI: A Journal of Contemporary Research |date=March 2022 |volume=19 |issue=1 |pages=69–86 |publisher=Universal Academic Services |location=Beijing, China |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109035543/https://www.ajol.info/index.php/lwati/article/download/224185/211488 |archive-date=9 November 2022 |url-status=live |issn=1813-2227 }}
* {{cite web |last=Italie |first=Hillel |title=Tartt, Goodwin Awarded Carnegie Medals |url=http://seattletimes.com/html/books/2023957398_apxbookscarnegiemedals.html |access-date=1 July 2014 |work=[[The Seattle Times]] |agency=[[Associated Press]] |date=30 June 2014 |location=Seattle, Washington |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715012821/http://seattletimes.com/html/books/2023957398_apxbookscarnegiemedals.html |archive-date=15 July 2014 }}
* {{cite news |title=James Nwoye Adichie (1932&amp;nbsp;– 2020) |url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/james-nwoye-adichie-1932-2020/ |access-date=20 May 2021 |newspaper=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]] |date=3 July 2020 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522165157/https://www.sunnewsonline.com/james-nwoye-adichie-1932-2020/ |archive-date=22 May 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The Sun''|2020}} }}
* {{cite web |last=Jaschik |first=Scott |title=Debate at Barnard over Selection of Commencement Speaker |url=https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2016/02/29/debate-barnard-over-selection-commencement-speaker |access-date=7 May 2024 |website=[[Inside Higher Ed]] |date=28 February 2016 |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507165545/https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2016/02/29/debate-barnard-over-selection-commencement-speaker |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite magazine |last=Jones |first=Radhika |author-link=Radhika Jones |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: The World's 100 Most Influential People |url=http://time.com/3823296/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-2015-time-100/ |access-date=14 December 2015 |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=16 April 2015 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120210148/http://time.com/3823296/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-2015-time-100/ |archive-date=20 November 2015 }}
* {{cite web |title=Keynote: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://rikk.hi.is/en/opinn-fyrirlestur-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |website=RIKK |date=7 September 2021 |publisher=Reykjavík Institute for Gender, Equality and Difference |location=Reykjavík, Iceland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517223941/https://rikk.hi.is/en/opinn-fyrirlestur-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=17 May 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|RIKK|2021}} }}
*{{cite news |last=Kiene |first=Aimée |title=Ngozi Adichie: Beyoncé's Feminism Isn't My Feminism |url=http://www.volkskrant.nl/boeken/ngozi-adichie-beyonce-s-feminism-isn-t-my-feminism~a4390684/ |access-date=20 November 2020 |url-access=subscription |work=[[De Volkskrant]] |date=7 October 2016 |location=Amsterdam, Netherlands }}
* {{cite news |last=Kumolu |first=Charles |title=Chimamanda: From Pushing Boundaries to Harvard's Highest Honour |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] |date=2 October 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/10/chimamanda-from-pushing-boundaries-to-harvards-highest-honour/ |access-date=22 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240515170059/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/10/chimamanda-from-pushing-boundaries-to-harvards-highest-honour/ |archive-date=15 May 2024 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |last=Law |first=Katie |title=Zikora: A Short Story by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Review: A Taut Tale of Sexism and Single Motherhood |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/culture/books/zikora-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-book-review-a4573312.html |access-date=6 November 2020 |newspaper=[[Evening Standard]] |date=29 October 2020 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407183223/https://www.standard.co.uk/culture/books/zikora-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-book-review-a4573312.html |archive-date=7 April 2023 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Lecznar |first1=Matthew |title=Texts, Talks and Tailoring: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Fashion Politics |journal=[[Celebrity Studies]] |date=February 2017 |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=167–171 |doi=10.1080/19392397.2016.1275324 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19392397.2016.1275324 |access-date=13 May 2024 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire |issn=1939-2397 |oclc=7181681870 |url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required|via=[[Taylor &amp; Francis]]}}
* {{cite web | last=Lee | first=Helena | title=Dream Count by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: interview and release date | website=[[Harper's Bazaar#Harper's Bazaar UK|Harper's BAZAAR]] | date=5 March 2025 | url=https://www.harpersbazaar.com/uk/culture/a63957572/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-interview-dream-count/ | access-date=14 July 2026 | location=London, UK }}
* {{cite news |last=Lee |first=Nicole |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'Fear of Causing Offence Becomes a Fetish' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/may/11/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-fear-causing-offence-a-fetish |access-date=23 April 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=11 May 2015 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231102142352/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/may/11/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-fear-causing-offence-a-fetish |archive-date=2 November 2023 }}
*{{cite news |title=Libros infantiles para celebrar el Día de la Mujer |url=https://www.diariodesevilla.es/vivirensevilla/Libros-infantiles-celebrar-Dia-Mujer_0_1443155914.html |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[Diario de Sevilla]] |date=6 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221205144422/https://www.diariodesevilla.es/vivirensevilla/Libros-infantiles-celebrar-Dia-Mujer_0_1443155914.html |archive-date=5 December 2022 |location=Seville, Spain |language=Spanish |trans-title=Children's Books to Celebrate Women's Day |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Diario de Sevilla''|2020}} }}
* {{cite news |last=Lozada |first=Carlos |author-link=Carlos Lozada (journalist) |title=In Grieving for Her Father, a Novelist Discovers the Failure of Words |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2021/05/06/adichiegrief/ |access-date=17 June 2021 |url-access=limited |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=6 May 2021 |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210618195627/https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2021/05/06/adichiegrief/ |archive-date=18 June 2021 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite journal |last=Luckett |first=Jeanne B. |title=Practical Matters |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/212/article/700238/pdf |access-date=20 May 2024 |doi=10.1353/ewr.2018.0012 |journal=Eudora Welty Review |date=Spring 2018 |volume=10 |pages=155–163 |publisher=[[University of Pennsylvania Press]] |location=Philadelphia, Pennsylvania |issn=1947-3370 |oclc=9983914051 |url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required |via=[[Project Muse]]}}
* {{cite magazine |last=MacFarquhar |first=Larissa |author-link=Larissa MacFarquhar |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Comes to Terms with Global Fame |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2018/06/04/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-comes-to-terms-with-global-fame |access-date=17 June 2021 |url-access=limited |magazine=[[The New Yorker|New Yorker.com]] |date=28 May 2018 |location=New York City, New York }}
* {{cite journal |last=Madueke |first=Sylvia Ijeoma |title=On Translating Postcolonial African Writing: French Translation of Chimamanda Adichie's Half of a Yellow Sun |url=https://doaj.org/article/70e665defd2c44a894279e67311f3d6a |doi=10.21992/tc29446 |journal=TranscUlturAl |volume=11 |issue=1 |date=August 2019 |pages=49–66 |publisher=[[University of Alberta]] |location=Edmonton, Alberta |issn=1920-0323 |oclc=8615550149 |doi-access=free }}
* {{cite news |last=Majendie |first=Paul |title=Nigerian Author Wins Top Women's Fiction Prize |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/entertainmentNews/idUSL0627938220070606/ |access-date=7 May 2024 |work=[[Reuters]] |date=9 August 2007 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802141704/https://www.reuters.com/article/entertainmentNews/idUSL0627938220070606 |archive-date=2 August 2023 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite magazine |last=Malec |first=Jennifer |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Pays Touching Tribute to Binyavanga Wainaina: 'A great and rare and genuine talent' |url=https://johannesburgreviewofbooks.com/2017/07/26/the-jrb-daily-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-pays-touching-tribute-to-binyavanga-wainaina-a-great-and-rare-and-genuine-talent/ |access-date=21 February 2021 |magazine=[[The Johannesburg Review of Books]] |date=26 July 2017 |publisher=Ben Williams Publishing |location=Johannesburg, South Africa |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202193256/https://johannesburgreviewofbooks.com/2017/07/26/the-jrb-daily-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-pays-touching-tribute-to-binyavanga-wainaina-a-great-and-rare-and-genuine-talent/ |archive-date=2 December 2020 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite journal |last=Mannur |first=Anita |title=The Danger of a Singular Fashion: Studies of Race, Fashion, and Beauty in American Studies |doi=10.1353/aq.2017.0034 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/1/article/663338/pdf |access-date=9 May 2024 |journal=[[American Quarterly]] |date=June 2017 |volume=69 |issue=2 |pages=411–420 |publisher=[[Johns Hopkins University Press]] |location=Baltimore, Marylan |jstor=26360860 |issn=0003-0678 |oclc=7075078562 |url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required|via=[[Project Muse]]}}
* {{cite web |last=Martin |first=Michel |author-link=Michel Martin |title=Feminism Is Fashionable for Nigerian Writer Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.npr.org/2014/03/18/291133080/news-maker |access-date=5 April 2018 |website=[[Tell Me More]] |publisher=[[NPR]] |date=18 March 2014 |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190928211656/https://www.npr.org/2014/03/18/291133080/news-maker |archive-date=28 September 2019 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Mbah |first1=Victor Chukwudi |title=Themes and Techniques in African Novel: A Review of Ngozi Chimamanda Adichie's Half of a Yellow Sun |journal=Ansu Journal of Language and Literary Studies |date=2015 |volume=1 |issue=2 |pages=345–359 |url=https://ezenwaohaetorc.org/journals/index.php/AJLLS/article/view/215 |access-date=28 April 2024 |publisher=[[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University]] |location=Uli, Anambra, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231116025502/https://ezenwaohaetorc.org/journals/index.php/AJLLS/article/view/215 |archive-date=16 November 2023 |issn=2465-7352 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |last=McGrath |first=Charles |author-link=Charles McGrath (critic) |title=No Life Away from Her Books |url=https://www.theage.com.au/entertainment/books/no-life-away-from-her-books-20061008-ge39zh.html |access-date=22 April 2024 |url-access=limited |work=[[The Age]] |agency=[[The New York Times|New York Times Agency]] |date=8 October 2006 |location=Melbourne, Australia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240416174943/https://www.theage.com.au/entertainment/books/no-life-away-from-her-books-20061008-ge39zh.html |archive-date=16 April 2024 |url-status=live }}
*{{cite news |last1=Medeossi |first1=Paolo |title=Amore e guerraal tempo del Biafra |url=https://messaggeroveneto.gelocal.it/udine/cronaca/2009/01/29/news/amore_e_guerraal_tempo_del_biafra-4054228/ |access-date=17 May 2024 |work=[[Messaggero Veneto]] |date=29 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517131110/https://messaggeroveneto.gelocal.it/udine/cronaca/2009/01/29/news/amore_e_guerraal_tempo_del_biafra-4054228/ |archive-date=17 May 2024 |location=Udine, Italy |language=Italian |trans-title=Love and War in the Time of Biafra |url-status=live }}
* {{cite magazine |last=Medrano |first=Kastalia |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Continues To Be the Hero We Need |url=https://time.com/4587844/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-elle-fashion-week/ |access-date=9 May 2024 |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=1 December 2016 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231220063359/https://time.com/4587844/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-elle-fashion-week/ |archive-date=20 December 2023 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |title=Meghan Markle Puts Sinéad Burke on the Cover of Vogue's September Issue |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/fashion/meghan-markle-puts-sin%C3%A9ad-burke-on-the-cover-of-vogue-s-september-issue-1.3970604 |access-date=31 July 2019 |newspaper=[[The Irish Times]] |date=29 July 2019 |location=Dublin, Ireland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190729141808/https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/fashion/meghan-markle-puts-sin%C3%A9ad-burke-on-the-cover-of-vogue-s-september-issue-1.3970604 |archive-date=29 July 2019 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The Irish Times''|2019}} }}
* {{cite book |last=Mullane |first=Janet |editor-last=Trudeau |editor-first=Lawrence J. |title=Contemporary Literary Criticism |volume=364 |date=2014 |publisher=[[Cengage Group|Cengage Learning]] |location=Farmington Hills, Michigan |chapter=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |chapter-url=https://www.gale.com/intl/databases-explored/literature/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie |isbn=978-1-4144-9987-1}}
* {{cite news |last=Murray |first=Senan |title=The New Face of Nigerian Literature? |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/6731387.stm |access-date=26 August 2022 |work=[[BBC News]] |date=8 June 2007 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221122124722/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/6731387.stm |archive-date=22 November 2022 |url-status=live }}
*{{cite journal |last1=Musila |first1=Grace A. |title=Review: Ernest E. Emenyonu (editor), A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie. Woodbridge: James Currey (hb £30 – 978 1 84701 162 6; pb £17.99 – 978 1 84701 241 8). 2017, xii + 300 pp. |journal=[[Africa (journal)|Africa]] |date=August 2020 |volume=90 |issue=4 |pages=805–807 |doi=10.1017/S0001972020000467 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/A67F660512A187CF243A562962E5C76D/S0001972020000467a.pdf/ernest-e-emenyonu-editor-a-companion-to-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-woodbridge-james-currey-hb-pound30-978-1-84701-162-6-pb-pound1799-978-1-84701-241-8-2017-xii-300-pp.pdf |access-date=18 May 2024 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |location=Cambridge, Cambridgeshire |issn=0001-9720 |oclc=8639113471 }}
* {{cite book |last1=Ndula |first1=Janet |editor1-last=Ememyonu |editor1-first=Ernest N. |editor-link=Ernest Emenyonu |title=A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |date=2017 |publisher=[[James Currey]] |location=Woodbridge, Suffolk |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXkVvgAACAAJ&amp;pg=PA18 |chapter=2. Deconstructing Binary Oppositions of Gender in ''Purple Hibiscus '': A Review of Religious/Traditional Superiority &amp; Silence |pages=31–44 |isbn=978-1-84701-162-6}}
* {{cite journal |last=Nwankwọ |first=Izuu |title=Traditions of Naming in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Fiction |url=https://www.postcolonial.org/index.php/pct/article/download/2803/2612 |journal=Postcolonial Text |volume=18 |issue=3 |pages=1–17 |date=2023 |publisher=[[Sorbonne Paris North University]] |location=Villetaneuse, France |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240330225125/https://www.postcolonial.org/index.php/pct/article/download/2803/2612 |archive-date=30 March 2024 |issn=1705-9100 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite magazine |last=Obi-Young |first=Otosirieze |author-link=Otosirieze Obi-Young |title=As Sales Approach the Million Mark, Is Americanah Now Adichie's Signature Novel? |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2017/03/sales-approach-million-mark-americanah-adichies-signature/ |access-date=1 April 2023 |magazine=[[Brittle Paper]] |date=27 March 2017 |publisher=[[Ainehi Edoro]] |location=Chicago, Illinois |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327030356/https://brittlepaper.com/2017/03/sales-approach-million-mark-americanah-adichies-signature/ |archive-date=27 March 2024 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite magazine |last=Obi-Young |first=Otosirieze |author-link=Otosirieze Obi-Young |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Purple Hibiscus Turns 15: The Best Moments of a Modern Classic |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2018/10/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-purple-hibiscus-turns-15-the-best-moments-of-a-modern-classic/ |access-date=27 March 2024 |magazine=[[Brittle Paper]] |date=15 October 2018 |publisher=[[Ainehi Edoro]] |location=Chicago, Illinois |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327030329/https://brittlepaper.com/2018/10/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-purple-hibiscus-turns-15-the-best-moments-of-a-modern-classic/ |archive-date=27 March 2024 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite magazine |last=Obi-Young |first=Otosirieze |author-link=Otosirieze Obi-Young |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Is in a Different Place Now |url=https://opencountrymag.com/cover-story-sept-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-is-in-a-different-place-now/ |access-date=31 March 2024 |magazine=[[Open Country Mag]] |date=20 September 2021 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230602084010/https://opencountrymag.com/cover-story-sept-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-is-in-a-different-place-now/ |archive-date=2 June 2023 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite magazine |last=Obi-Young |first=Otosirieze |author-link=Otosirieze Obi-Young |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Children's Picture Book Coming in 2023 |url=https://opencountrymag.com/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-childrens-picture-book-coming-in-2023/ |access-date=1 April 2023 |website=Open Country Mag |date=4 April 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401065834/https://opencountrymag.com/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-childrens-picture-book-coming-in-2023/ |archive-date=1 April 2023 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite web | last=Oduah | first=Henry | title=Coroner suspends inquest into death of Chimamanda's son | website=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] | date=5 May 2026 | url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2026/05/coroner-suspends-inquest-into-death-of-chimamandas-son/ | access-date=14 July 2026 | location=Lagos, Nigeria }}
*{{cite journal |last1=Ogwude |first1=Sophia O. |title=History and Ideology in Chimamanda Adichie's Fiction |journal=[[Tydskrif vir Letterkunde]] |date=February 2011 |volume=48 |issue=1 |pages=110–123 |doi=10.4314/tvl.v48i1.63824 |url=https://scielo.org.za/pdf/tvl/v48n1/v48n1a09.pdf |access-date=17 May 2024 |publisher=[[University of Pretoria]] |location=Pretoria, South Africa |issn=0041-476X |oclc=923961739 }}
* {{cite web |last=Okachie |first=Leonard |title=Chimamanda Selected as Radcliffe Fellow |url=https://www.radcliffe.harvard.edu/news/in-news/chimamanda-selected-radcliffe-fellow |access-date=16 January 2017 |website=[[Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study|Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study News]] |date=19 May 2011 |publisher=[[Harvard University]] |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |archive-date=16 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191016180456/https://www.radcliffe.harvard.edu/news/in-news/chimamanda-selected-radcliffe-fellow |accessdate=14 July 2026 |archivedate=16 October 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191016180456/https://www.radcliffe.harvard.edu/news/in-news/chimamanda-selected-radcliffe-fellow }}
* {{cite web |last=Okafor |first=Chinedu |title=Chimamanda Adichie Comes under Same Fire as Rowling over Transphobia |url=https://ynaija.com/Chimamanda-Adichie-comes-under-same-fire-as-rowling-over-transphobia/ |access-date=20 November 2020 |website=[[YNaija]] |date=17 November 2020 |publisher=Generation Y! |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://archive.today/20201120105742/https://ynaija.com/chimamanda-adichie-comes-under-same-fire-as-rowling-over-transphobia/ |archive-date=20 November 2020 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite web | last=Okafor | first=Makuochi | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's family accuses Euracare Hospital of negligence over son's death | website=[[BBC]] | date=10 January 2026 | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c0lx09e618yo | access-date=11 January 2026 }}
* {{cite web | last=Okogba | first=Emmanuel | title=Chimamanda becomes first woman to receive chieftaincy title in hometown | website=Vanguard News | date=1 January 2023 | url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2023/01/chimamanda-becomes-first-woman-to-receive-chieftaincy-title-in-hometown/ | access-date=16 February 2025 }}
* {{cite journal |last=Okolo |first=Luke Ndudi |title=Thematic and Stylistic Analysis of Chimamanda Adichie's Purple Hibiscus |url=https://journals.ezenwaohaetorc.org/index.php/AJLLS/article/view/236 |access-date=23 April 2024 |journal=Ansu Journal of Language and Literary Studies |volume=1 |issue=3 |date=2016 |pages=1–13 |publisher=[[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University]] |location=Uli, Anambra, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240324124655/https://journals.ezenwaohaetorc.org/index.php/AJLLS/article/view/236 |archive-date=24 March 2024 |issn=2465-7352 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |last=Olaiya |first=Tope Templer |title=Chimamanda Adichie Did Not Accept National Honour, Team Confirms |url=https://editor.guardian.ng/news/chimamanda-adichie-did-not-accept-national-honour-team-confirms/ |access-date=14 October 2022 |work=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=13 October 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802142103/https://editor.guardian.ng/news/chimamanda-adichie-did-not-accept-national-honour-team-confirms/ |archive-date=2 August 2023 }}
* {{cite news |last=Olaopa |first=Tunji |title=An Encounter with Toyin Falola: Between Celebration and Canonization of Intellectuals |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2022/11/27/an-encounter-with-toyin-falola-between-celebration-and-canonization-of-intellectuals/ |access-date=4 December 2022 |work=[[This Day]] |date=27 November 2022 |location=Apapa, Lagos |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204235846/https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2022/11/27/an-encounter-with-toyin-falola-between-celebration-and-canonization-of-intellectuals/ |archive-date=4 December 2022 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite web | last=Olonilua | first=Ademola | title=ICYMI: My parents did not name me Chimamanda, says author, Adichie | website=[[The Punch]] | date=2 January 2021 | url=https://punchng.com/my-parents-did-not-name-me-chimamanda-says-author-adichie/ | access-date=14 July 2026 | location=Lagos, Nigeria }}
* {{cite journal |last=Ordu |first=Stanley |title=Womanism and Patriarchy in Chimamanda Adichie's ''Purple Hibiscus'' |url=https://www.litinfinite.com/wp-content/uploads/7_Stanley-Ordu-_61_73.pdf |access-date=3 May 2022 |doi=10.47365/litinfinite.3.2.2021.61-73 |journal=Litinfinite Journal |volume=3 |issue=2 |date=December 2021 |pages=61–73 |publisher=Supriyo Chakraborty Penprints Publications |location=Kolkata, India |issn=2582-0400 |oclc=9455975886 }}
* {{cite news |last=Parnass |first=Larry |title=Nigerian Author Adichie Urges Williams Grads to Commit to Social Justice |url=https://www.berkshireeagle.com/archives/nigerian-author-adichie-urges-williams-grads-to-commit-to-social-justice/article_83ec0753-03f4-5353-abb9-9e2d01a8cc15.html |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[The Berkshire Eagle]] |date=4 June 2017 |location=Pittsfield, Massachusetts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181145/https://www.berkshireeagle.com/archives/nigerian-author-adichie-urges-williams-grads-to-commit-to-social-justice/article_83ec0753-03f4-5353-abb9-9e2d01a8cc15.html |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |last=Pazzanese |first=Christina |title=Adichie: 'Protect and Value the Truth': Class Day Speaker Urges Graduating Seniors to Embrace That Principle in Their Own Lives |url=https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2018/05/harvards-class-day-speaker-urges-students-to-protect-and-value-the-truth-in-their-own-lives/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[Harvard Gazette]] |date=24 May 2018 |publisher=[[Harvard University]] |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181153/https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2018/05/harvards-class-day-speaker-urges-students-to-protect-and-value-the-truth-in-their-own-lives/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |last=Pearce |first=Katie |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Talks Politics, Race, and Writing at Johns Hopkins |url=https://hub.jhu.edu/2017/02/09/chimamanda-adichie-fas-hopkins/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=The Hub |date=9 February 2017 |publisher=[[Johns Hopkins University]] |location=Baltimore, Maryland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181145/https://hub.jhu.edu/2017/02/09/chimamanda-adichie-fas-hopkins/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |last=Pongsajapan |first=Robert |title=Award-Winning Author Adichie Explores Faith, Feminism at Georgetown Event |url=https://www.georgetown.edu/news/award-winning-author-adichie-explores-faith-feminism-at-georgetown-event/ |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=Georgetown University News |date=17 March 2017 |publisher=[[Georgetown University]] |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231001085251/https://www.georgetown.edu/news/award-winning-author-adichie-explores-faith-feminism-at-georgetown-event/ |archive-date=1 October 2023 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite web |title=Previous Winners |url=http://www.caineprize.com/winners_02.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091212075827/http://www.caineprize.com/winners_02.php |archive-date=12 December 2009 |website=[[Caine Prize]] |date=2009 |publisher=The Caine Prize for African Writing |location=London, UK |ref={{sfnref|Caine Prize|2009}} |accessdate=14 July 2026 |archivedate=12 August 2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130812074229/http://www.caineprize.com/winners_02.php }}
* {{cite magazine |last=Richardson |first=Catherine |title=Dayton Literary Peace Prize |url=https://go.gale.com/ps/anonymous?id=GALE%7CA247445488 |access-date=7 May 2024 |magazine=[[Poets &amp; Writers Magazine]] |volume=39 |issue=1 |date=January–February 2011 |publisher=[[Poets &amp; Writers|Poets &amp; Writers Inc.]] |location=New York City, New York |issn=0891-6136 |id={{Gale|A247445488}} }}
* {{cite web |last=Ring |first=Trudy |title=Novelist Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Goes Anti-Trans Again |url=https://www.advocate.com/transgender/2022/12/02/novelist-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-goes-anti-trans-again |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[The Advocate (magazine)|Advocate.com]] |date=2 December 2022 |publisher=Pride Media |location=Los Angeles, California |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510185048/https://www.advocate.com/transgender/2022/12/02/novelist-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-goes-anti-trans-again |archive-date=10 May 2024 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite magazine |last=Rios |first=Carmen |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Warns Humanitarians About the Danger of a Single Story |url=http://msmagazine.com/2019/10/21/the-danger-of-a-single-story-at-our-borders-and-in-our-movements/ |access-date=10 May 2024 |magazine=[[Ms. (magazine)|Ms.]] |date=21 October 2019 |publisher=[[Feminist Majority Foundation|Liberty Media for Women, LLC]] |location=Arlington, Virginia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240511180515/http://msmagazine.com/2019/10/21/the-danger-of-a-single-story-at-our-borders-and-in-our-movements/ |archive-date=11 May 2024 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Roifah |first1=Miftahur |title=Becoming a Mother: The Transition to Motherhood in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's 'Zikora' |journal=Prosodi |date=October 2021 |volume=15 |issue=2 |pages=178–185 |doi=10.21107/prosodi.v15i2.12184 |url=https://journal.trunojoyo.ac.id/prosodi/article/view/12184 |access-date=3 May 2024 |publisher=[[University of Trunojoyo Madura]] |location=Bangkalan, Indonesia |issn=1907-6665 |doi-access=free }}
*{{cite news |last1=Rojas |first1=Juan Carlos |title=Chimamanda vino al Hay Festival para reivindicar a la mujer negra |url=https://www.eltiempo.com/colombia/otras-ciudades/chimamanda-vino-al-hay-festival-para-reivindicar-a-la-mujer-negra-de-cartagena-y-coloambia-322564 |access-date=17 May 2024 |work=[[El Tiempo (Colombia)|El Tiempo]] |date=4 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231201062218/https://www.eltiempo.com/colombia/otras-ciudades/chimamanda-vino-al-hay-festival-para-reivindicar-a-la-mujer-negra-de-cartagena-y-coloambia-322564 |archive-date=1 December 2023 |location=Bogotá, Colombia |language=Spanish |trans-title=Chimamanda Came to the Hay Festival to Vindicate Black Women |url-status=live }}
* {{cite web |last=Ryan |first=Lisa |title=Here's Why Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Is Wearing Only Nigerian Brands |url=https://www.thecut.com/2017/05/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wear-nigerian-fashion.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[The Cut (New York)|The Cut]] |date=8 May 2017 |publisher=[[New York (magazine)|New York Magazine]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231205212547/https://www.thecut.com/2017/05/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wear-nigerian-fashion.html |archive-date=5 December 2023 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |last=Saeed |first=Saeed |title=Frankfurt Book Fair Discussions Focus on Female Authors, Diversity and Responsibility of Publishers |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/arts-culture/books/frankfurt-book-fair-discussions-focus-on-female-authors-diversity-and-responsibility-of-publishers-1.780496 |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[The National (Abu Dhabi)|The National]] |date=15 October 2018 |location=Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519161331/https://www.thenationalnews.com/arts-culture/books/frankfurt-book-fair-discussions-focus-on-female-authors-diversity-and-responsibility-of-publishers-1.780496 |archive-date=19 May 2024 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |last=Safronova |first=Valeriya |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Talks Beauty, Femininity and Feminism |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/28/fashion/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-boots-no7-makeup.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |url-access=limited |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=28 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240322210719/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/28/fashion/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-boots-no7-makeup.html |archive-date=22 March 2024 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |last=Sam-Duru |first=Prisca |title=Chimamanda Adichie, a Growing Literary Prodigy |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/01/chimamanda-adichie-growing-literary-prodigy/ |access-date=23 April 2024 |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] |date=22 January 2014 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802142100/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/01/chimamanda-adichie-growing-literary-prodigy/ |archive-date=2 August 2023 |url-status=live }}
*{{cite news |last1=Sarr |first1=Lucie |title=African Feminist Reflects on 'Fratelli Tutti' in Vatican Paper |url=https://www.ncronline.org/news/people/african-feminist-reflects-fratelli-tutti-vatican-paper |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[National Catholic Reporter]] |date=4 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231202110622/https://www.ncronline.org/news/people/african-feminist-reflects-fratelli-tutti-vatican-paper |archive-date=2 December 2023 |location=Kansas City, Missouri |url-status=live }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Sebola |first1=Moffat |title=Some Reflections on Selected Themes in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Fiction and Her Feminist Manifesto |journal=Literator |date=May 2022 |volume=43 |issue=1 |doi=10.4102/lit.v43i1.1723 |url=https://literator.org.za/index.php/literator/article/view/1723 |access-date=4 May 2024 |publisher=Bureau for Scholarly Journals |location=Potchefstroom, South Africa |issn=0258-2279 |oclc=9627424976 |doi-access=free }}
* {{cite web |last=Sefa-Boakye |first=Jennifer |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Co-Curates PEN World Voices Festival in NYC with Focus on African Literature |url=https://pen.org/press-clip/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-co-curates-pen-world-voices-festival-in-nyc-with-focus-on-african-literature/ |access-date=23 April 2024 |website=[[PEN America]] |date=17 February 2015 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231102152943/https://pen.org/press-clip/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-co-curates-pen-world-voices-festival-in-nyc-with-focus-on-african-literature/ |archive-date=2 November 2023 |url-status=live |accessdate=14 July 2026 |archivedate=2 November 2023 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231102152943/https://pen.org/press-clip/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-co-curates-pen-world-voices-festival-in-nyc-with-focus-on-african-literature/ }}
* {{cite news |last=Shariatmadari |first=David |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Religious Leaders Must Help End Nigeria Violence |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jan/13/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-nigeria-leaders |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=13 January 2012 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200129154612/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jan/13/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-nigeria-leaders |archive-date=29 January 2020 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Sharobeem |first1=Heba M. |title=Space as the Representation of Cultural Conflict and Gender Relations in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's ''The Thing Around Your Neck'' |journal=Rocky Mountain Review |date=Spring 2015 |volume=69 |issue=1 |pages=18–36 |doi=10.1353/rmr.2015.a580802 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/143/article/580802/pdf |access-date=1 May 2024 |publisher=Rocky Mountain Modern Language Association |location=Pullman, Washington |issn=1948-2825 |oclc=7791796472 |url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required |via=[[Project Muse]]}}
* {{cite news |last=Shilling |first=Jane |title=The Thing Around Your Neck by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Review |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/bookreviews/5094748/The-Thing-Around-Your-Neck-by-Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-Review.html |access-date=29 April 2024 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=2 April 2009 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329094106/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/bookreviews/5094748/The-Thing-Around-Your-Neck-by-Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-Review.html |archive-date=29 March 2024 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |last=Stephen-David |first=Pembi |title=Chimamanda Adichie – Toeing the Line of Literary Giants |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201306070144.html |access-date=17 May 2024 |work=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]] |agency=[[AllAfrica]] |date=7 June 2013 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |id={{Gale|A332826978}} }}
*{{cite journal |last1=Stobie |first1=Cheryl |title=Taking wing: Vulnerability and queer/trans resistance in ''The Thirty Names of Night'' by Zeyn Joukhadar |journal=Safundi |date=October 2021 |volume=22 |issue=4 |pages=353–374 |doi=10.1080/17533171.2022.2062173 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17533171.2022.2062173 |access-date=14 May 2024 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire |issn=1543-1304 |oclc=9619990616 |url-access=subscription }}
* {{cite news |last=Streeter |first=Leslie Gray |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Notes on Grief Captures the Bewildering Messiness of Loss – Review |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/reviews/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-notes-on-grief-b1846822.html |access-date=23 April 2024 |work=[[The Independent]] |date=16 May 2021 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230902021830/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/reviews/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-notes-on-grief-b1846822.html |archive-date=2 September 2023 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |title=The 10 Best Books of 2013 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/15/books/review/the-10-best-books-of-2013.html |access-date=23 April 2024 |url-access=limited |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=4 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240418002846/https://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/15/books/review/the-10-best-books-of-2013.html |archive-date=18 April 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The New York Times''|2013}} }}
* {{cite magazine |title=The 2016 International Best Dressed List |url=https://archive.vanityfair.com/article/2016/10/the-2016-international-best-dressed-list |access-date=9 May 2024 |magazine=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]] |date=1 October 2016 |pages=125–151 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240424093349/https://archive.vanityfair.com/article/2016/10/the-2016-international-best-dressed-list |archive-date=24 April 2024 |issn=0733-8899 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Vanity Fair''|2016}} }}
* {{cite web |title=The Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Parents' Memoirs (2) Knowing Each Other before You Marry |url=https://sunnewsonline.com/the-chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-parents-memoirs-2-knowing-each-other-before-you-marry/ |interviewer=Chika Abanobi |access-date=1 April 2024 |website=[[Sun News (Nigeria)|The Sun]] |date=14 September 2019 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240401152741/https://sunnewsonline.com/the-chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-parents-memoirs-2-knowing-each-other-before-you-marry/ |archive-date=1 April 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The Sun''|2019}} }}
* {{cite web |title=The Thing Around Your Neck: Stories |url=https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/the-thing-around-your-neck/ |access-date=14 August 2022 |website=[[Kirkus Reviews|Kirkus Reviews.com]] |date=1 May 2009 |publisher=Kirkus Media |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814121050/https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/the-thing-around-your-neck/ |archive-date=14 August 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Kirkus Reviews''|2009}} }}
* {{cite web |title=Top 10 Nigerians in Africa Report's 100 Most Influential Africans |url=http://venturesafrica.com/top-10-nigerians-in-africa-reports-100-most-influential-africans/ |access-date=5 January 2021 |website=Ventures Africa |date=9 October 2019 |location=Maitama, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220321064651/https://venturesafrica.com/top-10-nigerians-in-africa-reports-100-most-influential-africans/ |archive-date=21 March 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Ventures Africa''|2019}} |last1=Africa |first1=Ventures }}
* {{cite book |last=Tunca |first=Daria |editor1-last=Gyssels |editor1-first=Kathleen |editor2-last=Ledent |editor2-first=Bénédicte |title=Présence africaine en Europe et au-delà |trans-title=African Presence in Europe and Beyond |date=2010 |publisher=[[Éditions L'Harmattan]] |location=Paris, France |chapter=Of French Fries and Cookies: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Diasporic Short Fiction |chapter-url=https://orbi.uliege.be/bitstream/2268/33339/1/Tunca_Adichie_African.pdf |pages=291–309 |isbn=978-2-296-12803-3}}
* {{cite book |last=Tunca |first=Daria |editor1-last=Gates Jr |editor1-first=Henry Louis |editor1-link=Henry Louis Gates Jr. |editor2-last=Akyeampong |editor2-first=Emmanuel K. |editor2-link=Emmanuel K. Akyeampong |title=Dictionary of African Biography |volume=1: Abach-Brand |date=2011 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York, New York |chapter=Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi (1977) |pages=94–95 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=39JMAgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA94 |isbn=978-0-19-538207-5}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Tunca |first1=Daria |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie as Chinua Achebe's (Unruly) Literary Daughter: The Past, Present, and Future of 'Adichebean' Criticism |journal=[[Research in African Literatures]] |date=Winter 2018 |volume=49 |issue=4 |pages=107–126 |doi=10.2979/reseafrilite.49.4.08 |jstor=10.2979/reseafrilite.49.4.08 |hdl=2268/233956 |issn=0034-5210 |oclc=9969832851 |url=https://orbi.uliege.be/bitstream/2268/233956/1/Tunca_Adichie_Achebe_RAL.pdf }}
* Urujzian, Vero-Ekpris Gladstone. &quot;Proverbs and metaphors as discursive strategies in selected novels by Achebe and Adichie.&quot; ''LWATI: A Journal of Contemporary Research'' 20, no. 1 (2023): 72–86.
* {{cite web |last=Ufuoma |first=Vincent |title=Buhari to Confer National Honours on Chimamanda Adichie, 436 Others |url=https://www.icirnigeria.org/buhari-to-confers-national-award-on-chimamanda-adichie-436-others/ |access-date=7 May 2024 |website=International Centre for Investigative Reporting |date=2 October 2022 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507165542/https://www.icirnigeria.org/buhari-to-confers-national-award-on-chimamanda-adichie-436-others/ |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |editor-last=Useni |editor-first=Mohammed |title=Anti-Gay Law: Chimamanda Adichie Writes, 'Why can't he just be like everyone else?' |url=http://newswirengr.com/2014/02/19/anti-gay-law-chimamanda-adichie-writes-why-cant-he-just-be-like-everyone-else/ |access-date=21 February 2021 |agency=[[NewswireNGR]] |date=19 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231209073447/https://newswirengr.com/2014/02/19/anti-gay-law-chimamanda-adichie-writes-why-cant-he-just-be-like-everyone-else/ |archive-date=9 December 2023 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Vanzanten |first1=Susan |title='The Headstrong Historian': Writing with Things Fall Apart |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_research-in-african-literatures_summer-2015_46_2/page/85 |journal=[[Research in African Literatures]] |date=Summer 2015 |volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=85–103 |doi=10.2979/reseafrilite.46.2.85 |jstor=10.2979/reseafrilite.46.2.85 |issn=0034-5210 |oclc=5827202813}}
* {{cite web | title=Video: Nigerian author's 'Americanah' comes to France | website=[[France 24]] | date=23 January 2015 | location=[[Paris]], France | url=https://www.france24.com/en/20150123-video-literature-nigerian-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-published-france | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251223090705/https://www.france24.com/en/20150123-video-literature-nigerian-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-published-france | archive-date=23 December 2025 | url-status=live | ref={{sfnref|France 24|2015}} | access-date=23 December 2025 }}
* {{cite magazine |last=Wagner |first=Erica |author-link=Erica Wagner |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'I Wanted To Claim My Own Name' |url=https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-novelist-ted-speaker-interview |access-date=10 May 2024 |magazine=[[British Vogue]] |date=3 November 2015 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231018140532/https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-novelist-ted-speaker-interview |archive-date=18 October 2023 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite web |last=Weatherford |first=Ashley |title=Chimamanda Adichie Talks Black Hair and the Narrow Definition of Beauty |url=https://www.thecut.com/2016/12/chimamanda-adichie-on-black-hair-and-redefining-beauty.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[The Cut (New York)|The Cut]] |date=8 December 2016 |publisher=[[New York (magazine)|New York Magazine]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130085834/https://www.thecut.com/2016/12/chimamanda-adichie-on-black-hair-and-redefining-beauty.html |archive-date=30 November 2023 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite web |last=Weller |first=Chris |title=New Yorkers Just Selected a Book for the Entire City to Read in America's Biggest Book Club |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/one-book-one-new-york-book-club-2017-3 |access-date=22 March 2024 |website=[[Business Insider|Business Insider UK]] |date=16 March 2017 |location=London, UK |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171024040152/http://uk.businessinsider.com/one-book-one-new-york-book-club-2017-3 |archive-date=24 October 2017 }}
*{{cite journal |title='We Should All Be Feminists' |journal=Foreign Rights Catalog: Books for Kids and Teens |date=January–June 2021 |page=109 |url=https://www.penguinrandomhousegrupoeditorial.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/foreign-rights-kids-teens-2021-first-semester-penguinrandomhousegrupoeditorial.pdf |access-date=19 May 2024 |publisher=[[Penguin Random House]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519184758/https://www.penguinrandomhousegrupoeditorial.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/foreign-rights-kids-teens-2021-first-semester-penguinrandomhousegrupoeditorial.pdf |archive-date=19 May 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Foreign Rights Catalog''|2021}} }}
* {{cite news |last=Williams |first=Zoe |author1-link=Zoe Williams (writer) |title='I believe literature is in peril': Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Comes Out Fighting for Freedom of Speech |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2022/nov/28/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-bbc-reith-lecture-freedom-truth-trans-rights |access-date=19 March 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=28 November 2022 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240319123047/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2022/nov/28/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-bbc-reith-lecture-freedom-truth-trans-rights |archive-date=19 March 2024 |url-status=live }}
{{Refend}}

== Links n'aga n'ezi==
{{commons|Category:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie|Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie}}

* Website nke [http://chimamanda.com/ Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie]
* [http://www.l3.ulg.ac.be/adichie/index.html The Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Website] sitere na ngalaba asụsụ Bekee nke [[Mahadum nke Liège]] dị na mba [[Belgium]]


{{DEFAULTSORT:Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi}}
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
[[Òtù:Ndị Igbo]]
[[Òtù:Ndi Afrika nke Amerika]]
[[Otú:Odee akwụkwọ si Naijiria]]
[[Òtù:Ndi Amerika]]
[[Otú:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria gụrụ akwụkwọ]]
[[Otú:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria]]
[[Otú:Ndị amụrụ n'afọ 1977]]</text>
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      <text bytes="156569" sha1="5vyi9i5h13ay390oe2e9v009yrqznla" xml:space="preserve">[[Usòrò:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie (2015).png|thumb|Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie]]
'''Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie''' ({{Audio|Ig-Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie.ogg|Audio}}; 15 September 1977) bụ onye odee akwụkwọ si na mba [[Nigeria]].

Amuru Adichie na obodo [[Enugu]]. Ọ gara akwụkwọ na [[Mahadum nke Nigeria]]. N'ebe ahụ, oji otu afọ na ọkara wee gụọ akwụkwọ gbasara ọgwụ. Ọ hapụrụ mba Naijiria gaba mba [[Amerika]] mgbe odi afo iri na-iteghete. Na mba Amerika, o bidoro akwụkwo na [[Drexel University]] nke di na [[Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania]]. Site n'ebe ahụ, ọgụkwara na [[Eastern Connecticut State University]], [[Johns Hopkins University]], na [[Yale University]].

Ọtụtụ n'ime akwụkwọ Adichie degara nwere ngalaba obibi na [[Nsukka]] ebe azulitere ya na ntakiri. Ọbụ mgbe ọ na agụ akwụkwọ na mahadum ka obidoro debe akwụkwo. Ọ buru ụzọ dee akwukwo abụ ana-akpọ ''Decisions'' n'afọ 1997, nke n'eso ya bụ ''For Love of Biafra'' n'afọ 1998. Ọ turu ugo na mmara ndị mmadu mgbe ọdechara akwụkwọ akụkọ izizi ya bụ ''[[Purple Hibiscus]]''. Adichie akpọla [[Chinua Achebe]] na [[Buchi Emecheta]] ndị ndu ya na ihe odide. Ihe ndị odegoro gbasara ukwu na ndọrọ ndọrọ jikọtara ndị ọcha na ndị ojii okachasi site na [[Ndị Igbo|ala Igbo]].

Adichie ma ekwu okwu ọha. Ọnyekwala ọtụtụ okwu mmechi na mmeghe akwụkwo mahadum di iche iche nke gụnyere [[Williams College]] (2017), [[Harvard University]] (2018), na [[American University]] (2019). Ọnyere okwu ndị [[TEDx]] ana-akpọ &quot;The Danger of a Single Story&quot; n'afọ 2009 ya na &quot;We Should All Be Feminists&quot; n'afọ 2012. Ụfọdụ okwu ya ka onye na ede ma na eto egwu [[Beyoncé]] tinyere na egwu ya akpọrọ ''Flawless''. Adichie atụrụla ọtụtụ ugo na ngalaba ịgụ akwụkwọ na ide akwụkwọ dịka [[MacArthur Fellowship]] n'afọ 2008 ma nnabata na otu ndị [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]] n'afọ 2017.

== Ndụ na mmalite ==
Aha enyere Adichie mgbe amụrụ ya bụ aha bekee Grace.&lt;ref name=&quot;punchng&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |last=Olonilua |first=Ademola |date=2 January 2021 |title=ICYMI: My parents did not name me Chimamanda, says author, Adichie |url=https://punchng.com/my-parents-did-not-name-me-chimamanda-says-author-adichie/ |access-date=25 March 2025 |newspaper=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Amụrụ ya na 15 September n'afọ 1977 dika nwatakịrị nke ise na obodo [[Enugu]] nke Nigeria. Nne na nna ya bu [[ndi Igbo]].{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}}{{sfn|Akinyoade|2021}} Nna ya bụ [[James Nwoye Adichie]] onye Abba, obodo nke di na ora [[Anambra]]. Nne ya bụ Grace Odigwe, onye [[Umunnachi]].{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}} Nna ya gụrụ mathematics na mahadum ana-akpọ [[University College, Ibadan]] ma tupu ọgụchaa akwụkwọ n'afọ 1957, ọ nụrụ Grace na 15 April n'afọ 1963,{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}} wee kpọrọ ya jee [[Berkeley, California|Berkeley]] ebe ọgụrụ akwụkwọ maka ngalaba PhD na [[University of California|Mahadum nke Kalifornia]].{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Mgbe ha nọ na mba Amerika, nne na nna Adichie mụtara ụmụaka nwaanyị abuo: ljeoma Rosemary na Uchenna.{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}} Nna ya lotara mba Nigeria ma bido ọrụ nkụzi na [[University of Nigeria, Nsukka|Mahadum nke Naijiria]] n'afo 1966.{{sfn|''The Sun''|2020}} Nne ya bidoro akwụkwọ mahadum nke ya n'afọ 1964 na [[Merritt College]] nke di na [[Oakland, California|Oakland]], California ebe ọ nwetara ngalaba na agụmakwụkwọ sociology mechakwaa nwetakwa ngalaba anthropology nke sitere na Mahadum nke Naijiria.{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}}{{sfn|Martin|2014}}

Mgbe [[Agha Biafra]] bidoro n'afọ 1967, nna Adichie malitere ịrụ ọrụ na Biafran Manpower Directorate nke bu ụlọ ọrụ [[Biafra]].{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Nne na nna ukwu Adichie nwụrụ na agha ahu.{{sfn|Adichie|2006}} Mgbe agha ahu kwụsịrị n'afọ 1970, nna ya laghachiri na Mahadum nke Naijiria,{{sfn|''The Sun''|2020}}{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} ebe nne ya, onye ruru ọrụ na Enugu wee rue afọ 1973, bia bụrụ onye ọrụ na ndị isi ebe ahu; ọ mechara bụrụ [[Registrar (education)|registrar]] ma burukwa onye izi bu nwaanyị malitere ya bu ọrụ.{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}}{{sfn|Martin|2014}} Adichie nọrọ n'ụlọ obibi Mahadum nke Naijiria, n'ụlọ odee akwụkwọ bụ [[Chinua Achebe]] biri ikpeazụ.{{sfn|Murray|2007}} Umunne ya bụ Ijeoma Rosemary, Uchenna &quot;Uche&quot;, Chukwunweike &quot;Chuks&quot;, Okechukwu &quot;Okey&quot;, na Kenechukwu &quot;Kene&quot;.{{sfn|Anya|2005}}{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}}

Dika nwatakịrị, Adichie gụrụ naanị akwụkwọ akụkọ edere na-asụsụ bekee ọ kachasị nke [[Enid Blyton]].{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Akwukwo ndị ọzọ ọgụrụ dika nwatakịrị gụnyere akwụkwọ ebe ndị akoro akụkọ ha bụ ndị ọcha, ma nwee anya na-acha anụnụ anụnụ. Ha niile bu maka mba Britain.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}}{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} Mgbe o ruru afọ iri, ọ chọpụtara n'onwe ya akụkọ gbasara ndị [[Afrịka]]. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ dịka ''[[Things Fall Apart]]'' nke Chinua Achebe,{{sfn|Murray|2007}} ''[[The African Child]]'' nke [[Camara Laye]],{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} ''[[Weep Not, Child]]'' nke [[Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o]] dere, na ''[[The Joys of Motherhood]]'' nke [[Buchi Emecheta]] dere.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} N'afọ iri na atọ ejiri mụọ ya, Adichie bidoro ịgụ akwụkwọ akụkọ nna ya degara gbasara [[Biafra]]. Na njem ha na eje kwa afọ na obodo ha bụ Abba, ọ hụgara ụlọ gbachara ọkụ na mkpụrụ egbe gbachara nchara jupụtara na ala; ihe niile a bụ ihe ga enyere ya aka iji dee ụfọdụ akwụkwọ akụkọ ya.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}}

Na nnata Sakramenti nke Nkwenye ana akpọ Konfameshọn na ụka Katoliki, Adichie zara Amanda. Ọbụ aha ahu k'ọzara n'akwụkwọ ya ndi mbu.&lt;ref name=&quot;punchng&quot;/&gt;{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}}{{sfn|Anya|2005}} N'agụmakwụkwọ ya, a kụziiri Adichie ihe n'asụsụ Igbo ya na Bekee.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}} Ọ bụ ezie na asụsụ Igbo abụghị ihe a ma ama, ọ gara n'ihu na-amụ asụsụ ahụ n'oge niile ọ nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Ọ gụchara akwụkwọ sekọndrị ya n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na Mahadum Nigeria, wee nweta akara ugo mmụta kacha elu nke sitere na otu [[West African Examinations Council]] (WAEC){{sfn|Anya|2005}} na ihe nrite agụmakwụkwọ.{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}} A nabatara ya na Mahadum nke Nigeria, ebe ọ gụrụ ọgwụ na ọrụ ọgwụ (medicine and pharmacy) ruo otu afọ na ọkara.{{sfn|Agbo|2018b}} Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ maka ''The Compass'', nke bu magazin mahadum nke ụmụ akwụkwọ na-elekọta.{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} N'afọ 1997, mgbe ọ dị afọ 19, Adichie bipụtara ''Decisions'', nke bu nchịkọta uri, ma mesịa kwaga United States,{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} ka ọ gụọ maka ọmụmụ gbasara nkwukọrịta (Mass communications) na [[Drexel University]] dị na [[Philadelphia]], Pennsylvania.{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}}{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} N'afọ 1998, o dere egwuregwu a na-akpọ ''For Love of Biafra'', nke bụ mbọ mbụ o gbara iji nyochaa isiokwu gbasara agha.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} E dere ọrụ ndị a mbụ n'okpuru aha bụ́ Amanda N. Adichie.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}}

Afọ abụọ ka ọ kwagara United States, ọ gbanwere gaa [[Eastern Connecticut State University]] dị na [[Willimantic, Connecticut]], ebe ya na nwanne ya nwanyị bụ Ijeoma, onye nke bụkwa dọkịta, bi.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}} N'afọ 2000, Adichie bipụtara obere akụkọ ya akpọrọ &quot;My Mother, the Crazy African&quot;,{{sfn|Adichie|2000}} nke na-atụle nsogbu ndị na-ebilite mgbe mmadụ na-ebi n'etiti omenala abụọ dị nnọọ iche n'ebe ibe ha nọ.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|pages=297–298}} Mgbe ọ gụchara nzere mbụ ya na mahadum, ọ gara n'ihu n'ọmụmụ ihe ya ma na-achụkwa ọrụ ide ihe n'otu oge ahụ.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} Mgbe ọ nọ n'afọ ikpeazụ ya na Eastern Connecticut, ọ na-ede edemede maka akwụkwọ akụkọ mahadum ahụ bụ ''Campus Lantern.''{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} Ọ nwetara nzere bachelọ ya n'ọkwa kachasị elu (nke a maara dị ka ''[[summa cum laude]]'') na ngalaba sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ya na ngalaba nkwukọrịta dị ka obere ngalaba ọmụmụ, n'afọ 2001.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} Ọ nwetara nzere mastas na ide akụkọ ifo (creative writing) site na [[Johns Hopkins University]] n'afọ 2003,{{sfn|Braimah|2018}}{{sfn|Krieger|2015}} ma n'ime afọ abụọ sochirinụ, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka Hodder Fellow na [[Princeton University]], ebe ọ kụziri ihe gbasara mmalite ide akụkọ ifo.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}}{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}} Ọ malitere ọmụmụ ihe na [[Yale University]], ma gụchaa nzere mastas nke abụọ na ngalaba ọmụmụ gbasara Afrịka (African studies) n'afọ 2008.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} N'otu afọ ahụ, Adichie nwetara onyinye [[MacArthur Fellowship]],{{sfn|Irvine|2008}} tinyere ihe nrite agụmakwụkwọ ndị ọzọ, gụnyere ohere mmemme [[Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University]] maka afọ 2011–2012.{{sfn|Okachie|2011}}

== Ọrụ ==
===2003: Mmalite odide akwụkwọ na mbipụta izizi===
Mgbe ọ na-agụ akwụkwọ na mba Amerịka, Adichie malitere odide akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya, ''[[Purple Hibiscus]]''. {{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} mgbe ọ dechara ya, ozigara akwụkwọ edemede ya nye ụlọ ọrụ mbipụta akwụkwọ na ndị na-ede akwụkwọ, ndị jụrụ ya ma ọ bụ rịọ ya ka ọ gbanwee ọnọdụ akwụkwọ ahụ site na Afrịka gaa na Amerịka, ka o wee mee ka ọ mara ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ nke ọma. N'ikpeazụ, Djana Pearson Morris, onye nnọchi anya odee akwụkwọ n'ihu ndị mbiputa akwụkwọ na-arụ ọrụ na Pearson Morris na Belt Literary Management, nabatara akwụkwọ edemede ahụ.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Ọ bụ ezie na Morris ghọtara na ahịa ga-esiri ike ebe Adichie bụ onye ojii mana ọ bụghị onye Africa-America ma ọ bụ onye Caribbean, o nyefere ya ndị mbipụta akwụkwọ ahụ ruo mgbe [[Algonquin Books]], obere ụlọ ọrụ nọọrọ onwe ya, nabatara ma bipụta ya na 2003. Na 2004, [[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ na United Kingdom, ebe [[Kachifo Limited]] bipụtara ya na Naịjirịa.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2018}} N'oge ahụ, Adichie were onye nnọchi anya akwụkwọ Sarah Chalfant nke [[Andrew Wylie (onye nnọchi anya akwụkwọ)|Wylie Agency]] ka ọ nọchite anya ya. Atụgharịala ''Purple Hibiscus'' n'ihe karịrị asụsụ iri anọ.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}}

===2006–2012: mbipụta akwụkwọ akụkọ nke abụọ na atọ===
Mgbe akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya gasịrị, Adichie malitere ide nke abụọ ya ''[[Half of a Yellow Sun]]'', nke ọ rụrụ ọrụ na ya ruo afọ anọ. N'ihi na akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ gbasaara [[agha Biafra]],{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}{{sfn|McGrath|2006}} Adichie jiri akụkọ nna ya gbasara ya bu agha, tinyere ịgụ akwụkwọ ndị ọzọ nke gụnyere akwụkwọ akụkọ [[Buchi Emecheta]] nke afọ 1982 nke ana-akpọ ''[[Ebe Biafra Na-aga]]''.{{sfn|McGrath|2006}}{{sfn|Busby|2017}} E bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ n'afọ 2006 site n'aka [[Vintage Books|Anchor Books]], akara azụmaahịa nke [[Alfred A. Knopf]], onye wepụtakwara akwụkwọ ahụ n'okpuru akara Vintage nke di na Kanada. E bipụtara ya ọzọkwa na mba France dịka {{lang|fr|L'autre moitié du soleil}} n'afọ 2008 site n'aka [[Éditions Gallimard]].{{sfn|Madueke|2019|page=49}}

Mgbe ọ na-emecha mmemme Hodder na MacArthur n'afọ 2008, Adichie malitere ịchịkọta akụkọ ndị dị mkpirikpi o bipụtalarị na magazin dị iche iche.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Akụkọ iri na abụọ ka chịkọtara n'akwụkwọ nke atọ ya na nchịkọta akụkọ obere akụkọ mbụ ya, ''[[The Thing Around Your Neck]]'', nke Knopf bipụtara n'afọ 2009.{{sfn|''Kirkus Reviews''|2009}} N'otu afọ ahụ, o nyere nkuzi ndi [[TED (conference)|TED]] nke akpọrọ &quot;[[The Dangers of a Single Story]]&quot;.{{sfn|Wagner|2015}}

Na 15 Maachị 2012, Adichie ghọrọ onye kacha nta n'ime ndị kacha nta n'ime [[Commonwealth Foundation|Commonwealth Lecture]].{{sfn|Calkin|2013}}{{sfn|Stephen-David|2013}} E mere ihe ngosi a na [[Guildhall, London|Guildhall]] na London, na-ekwu maka isiokwu bụ &quot;Ịjikọ Omenala&quot;.{{sfn|Stephen-David|2013}} Na 2012 kwa, o kwuru okwu isiokwu ya bụ &quot;[[Anyị Kwesịrị Ịbụ Ndị Na-eme Ihe n'Ụzọ Ụmụ Nwanyị (okwu)|Anyị Kwesịrị Ịbụ Ndị Na-eme Ihe n'Ụzọ Ụmụ Nwanyị]]&quot; maka TEDxEuston na London.{{sfn|Wagner|2015}}{{sfn|Behrmann|2017|p=316}}

===2013–2019: ''Americanah'' na ''Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions''===
[[File:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie at a signing in Berlin, Germany on 16 May 2014 (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|alt=Nwanyị nọ ọdụ n'oche na-abịanye aka n'akwụkwọ, gbara ya gburugburu site na ìgwè mmadụ ndị ọzọ|Adichie n'oge ịgụ na ịbị aka n'akwụkwọ ọrụ ya ''[[Americanah]]'' na [[Berlin]], Germany (2014)]]
Akwụkwọ akụkọ nke atọ Adichie dere by ''[[Americanah]]'' nke e bipụtara na 14 Mee n'afọ 2013 site n'aka Alfred A. Knopf.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} E bipụtara ya na France site n'aka [[Éditions Gallimard]] na 2015.{{sfn|''France 24''|2015}} Ọ bụ onye edemede nleta na [[Mahadum Michigan–Flint]] na 2014. Usoro nleta ndị edemede Afrịka a ma ama/Ndị nka Afrịka na ndị Africa bi na mba ọzọ chọrọ ka ọ soro ụmụ akwụkwọ na ndị nkuzi si ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na mahadum, ndị na-akwado ọbá akwụkwọ ọha na eze dị n'ógbè ahụ, na obodo ahụ dum na mkparịta ụka, ogbako, na nkuzi ndị tụlere ''Purple Hibiscus'', ''Americanah'', na ahụmịhe ide ihe nkeonwe ya. E tinyere obere ihe nkiri sitere na okwu ya bụ &quot;Ihe Ize Ndụ nke Akụkọ Otu&quot; na &quot;Anyị Kwesịrị Ịbụ Ndị Na-eme Ihe Ike n'Ụmụ Nwanyị&quot; n'ụfọdụ ihe omume ma kparịta ya n'isiokwu ajụjụ na azịza mgbe e mechara ihe ngosi ya dị iche iche.{{sfn|Ememyonu|2017|p=3}}

Na 2015, Adichie kwuru okwu mmalite maka [[Wellesley College]].{{sfn|Anasuya|2015}} O so hazie [[PEN World Voices|PEN World Voices Festival of International Literature]] nke 2015 na New York City, ya na onye nduzi ememme ahụ bụ Laszlo Jakab Orsos.{{sfn|Lee|2015}}{{sfn|Sefa-Boakye|2015}} O mechiri emume ahụ site na nkuzi ya bụ &quot;Arthur Miller Freedom to Write&quot; gbasara mmachibido iwu na mmegide megide ikpe na-ezighị ezi.{{sfn|Lee|2015}}

N'afọ 2015, Adichie dere ozi email nye enyi ya ma mechaa tinye ya na [[Facebook]] na 2016. Okwu ndị e kwuru gbasara post ahụ mere ka o kweta ịtụgharị post ahụ ka ọ bụrụ akwụkwọ, ''[[Dear Ijeawele, ma ọ bụ A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions]]'',{{sfn|Greenberg|2017}} nke e bipụtara na 2017.{{sfn|Bhuta|2018|p=319}} Na 2016, [[BBC]] kpọrọ ya ka ọ bịa na ''[[Newsnight]]'' ma kwuo echiche ya gbasara ntuli aka nke [[Donald Trump]] nke 2016]. Mgbe ọ rutere na studio ahụ, a gwara ya na usoro ahụ ga-abụ arụmụka n'etiti ya na [[R. Emmett Tyrrell, Jr.]], onye na-akwado Trump na [[onye nchịkọta akụkọ]] nke ''[[The American Spectator]]'', magazin nchekwa.{{sfn|Pearce|2017}}{{sfn|Cain|2016}} Mgbe ọ chọrọ ịpụ na ajụjụ ọnụ ahụ, o kpebiri ịga n'ihu n'ihi na ọ chọrọ ịtụle echiche ya gbasara otu enweghị ikike akụ na ụba si mee ka Trump merie.{{sfn|Pearce|2017}} Arụmụka ahụ ghọrọ ihe mmegide mgbe Tyrrell kwuru, sị: &quot;Anaghị m azaghachi mmetụta uche dị ka nwanyị a,&quot;{{sfn|Cain|2016}} wee kwupụta na &quot;Trump abụghị onye ịkpa ókè agbụrụ&quot;.{{sfn|''Mgbọrọgwụ''|2016}} Adichie jụrụ okwu ya, dịka ọmụmaatụ na-ezo aka na nkwupụta Trump na Onyeikpe [[Gonzalo P. Curiel]] enweghị ike ịnọ n'ihu n'okwu ahụ ''[[Trump Mahadum#Low megide Mahadum Trump, LLC|Low megide Mahadum Trump]]'' n'ihi ihe nketa ya na Mexico.{{sfn |''Mkpọrọgwụ''|2016}} Mgbe arụmụka ahụ gasịrị, o dere na ibe Facebook ya na ọ dị ya ka BBC na-eche ya ihu, na ha &quot;ji aghụghọ [na-agba ya] megide onye na-akwado Trump&quot; iji mepụta ntụrụndụ mmegide. Na nzaghachi, BBC rịọrọ mgbaghara maka ịghara ịgwa ya ụdị ajụjụ ọnụ ahụ, mana o kwuru na ha chepụtara mmemme ahụ iji nye echiche ziri ezi.{{sfn|Cain|2016}}

[[Faịlụ:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie 2020 (cropped).jpg|alt=Nwanyị guzoro n'elu ikpo okwu. E nwere mbadamba ihe n'elu ikpo okwu ebe ọ na-agụ ihe.|left|thumb|Adichie n'elu ikpo okwu onye na-ekwu okwu n'oge {{ill|Congreso Futuro|es}}, [[Santiago]], Chile, na 2020]]
Adichie kwuru okwu Eudora Welty nke abụọ kwa afọ na 8 Nọvemba 2017 na [[Lincoln Theatre (Washington, D.C.)|Lincoln Theatre]] na Washington, D.C.{{sfn|Luckett|2018|p=155}} N'afọ ahụ, o kwukwara okwu na nnọkọ mba ofesi nke e mere na Mahadum Johns Hopkins gbasara adịghị ike nke olileanya n'ihu ọnọdụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị dị ugbu a.{{sfn|Pearce|2017}} Adichie na [[Hillary Clinton]] kwuru okwu PEN World Voices Festival nke 2018, Arthur Miller Freedom to Write Lecture na [[Cooper Union]] na Manhattan. Ọ bụ ezie na okwu a lekwasịrị anya n'ihe gbasara ụmụ nwanyị na nnyocha, ajụjụ Adichie mere gbasara ihe mere profaịlụ Clinton [[Twitter]] ji malite site na &quot;nwunye&quot; kama ihe ndị o mere ghọrọ isi ihe ndị mgbasa ozi na-elekwasị anya, {{sfn|Abimbola|2018}}{{sfn|Grady|2018}}{{sfn|Adebayo|2018}} kpaliri Clinton ịgbanwe akụkọ ndụ ya na Twitter.{{sfn|Adebayo|2018}} Mgbe e mesịrị n'afọ ahụ, o kwuru okwu na [[Frankfurt Book Fair]] na Germany gbasara imebi usoro nke na-eme ka olu ụmụ nwanyị ghara ịdị mma.{{sfn|Saeed|2018}} Na 2019, dịka akụkụ nke usoro nkuzi nke Chancellor, o kwuru okwu &quot;Onye edemede, onye na-eche echiche, onye na-achọ ihe: onye na-egosi ndụ&quot; na Langford Auditorium nke [[Vanderbilt University]]. Okwu ahụ lekwasịrị anya n'ọganihu ya dịka onye na-akọ akụkọ, na ihe kpatara ya ji emeso enweghị nha anya n'usoro iji mepụta ụwa nke na-agụnye mmadụ niile.{{sfn|Gonçalves|2019}} Adichie abụrụla onye isi okwu n'ọtụtụ ogbako ụwa.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|pp=218–219}} Na 2018, o kwuru okwu na Mgbakọ Mba Nile nke Igbo nke asaa kwa afọ.{{sfn|Ekpo|2018}} O kwuru okwu na Mgbakọ Ọrụ Ndị Mmadụ nke Hilton nke [[Conrad N. Hilton Foundation]] na 2019.{{sfn|Rios|2019}} O kwuru okwu gbasara ime ihe ike na nkuzi Gabriel García Márquez nke mbụ na [[Cartagena, Colombia]] n'otu afọ ahụ.{{sfn|Rojas|2019}} Adichie bụ onye Afrịka mbụ kwuru okwu na Ụbọchị Klas nke [[Yale University]], ebe o kwuru okwu nkuzi n'afọ 2019.{{sfn|''Vanguard''|2019}}

===2020–ugbu a: Mbipụta akwụkwọ ụmụaka, mgbasa ọrụ===
Na 2020, Adichie bipụtara &quot;Zikora&quot;, akụkọ dị mkpirikpi gbasara mmekọahụ na ịbụ nne na-alụbeghị di,{{sfn|Law|2020}} na edemede akpọrọ &quot;Ndetu na Iru újú&quot; na ''[[The New Yorker]]'', mgbe nna ya nwụsịrị. O gbasaa edemede ahụ ka ọ bụrụ [[Ndetu gbasara mwute|akwụkwọ nke otu aha ahụ]] nke [[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] bipụtara n'afọ sochirinụ.{{sfn|Iju Mmiri|2021a}}{{sfn|Lozada|2021}} N'afọ 2020, Adichie bipụtara ''[[We Should All Be Feminists]]'' na mbipụta maka ụmụaka, nke Leire Salaberria sere.{{sfn|''Diario de Sevilla''|2020}} E nyere ikike maka ntụgharị ya maka mbipụta na asụsụ Croatian, French, Korean, Portuguese, na Spanish.{{sfn|''Foreign Rights Catalog''|2021|p=109}} O kwuru okwu isi okwu na 2020 {{ill|Congreso Futuro|es}} (Ọgbakọ Ọdịnihu) na [[Santiago]], Chile.{{sfn|Espinoza Cárdenas|2020}} Ọ bụ onye isi okwu n'emume akwụkwọ mba ụwa nke Reykjavik nke afọ 2021 nke emere na sinima {{lang|is|Háskólbíó}} na [[Mahadum nke Iceland]], ma kwuo okwu ahụ bụ &quot;In Pursuit of Joy: On Storytelling, Feminism, and Changing My Mind&quot;.{{sfn|''RIKK''|2021}} Na 30 Nọvemba 2022, Adichie kwuru okwu mbụ n'ime [[BBC]] nke afọ 2022 [[Reith Lectures]], nke sitere n'okwu [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] nke &quot;[[Four Freedoms]]&quot; kpaliri.{{sfn|BBC Radio|2022}}

Adichie ji otu afọ na ọkara rụọ ọrụ n'akwụkwọ mbụ ya nke ụmụ ya, ''[[Mama's Sleeping Scarf]]'', nke e dere na 2019 ma bipụta ya na 2023 site na ya. [[HarperCollins]] n'okpuru aha njirimara &quot;Nwa Grace na James&quot;.{{efn|Aha njirimara &quot;Nwa Grace na James&quot; bụ nraranye Adichie nyere ndị mụrụ ya, dịka Nwa pụtara &quot;child&quot; n'asụsụ bekee.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2022}}{{sfn|Ibeh|2022}}}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2022}} Ihe osise maka akwụkwọ a bụ nke Joelle Avelino, onye di mba Congo na Angola.{{sfn|Ibeh|2022}} N'afọ 2025, Adichie bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ ''[[Dream Count]]'', nke bụ akụkọ gbasara ụmụ nwanyị anọ si Africa, bụ ndị ndụ ha na-ejikọta ọnụ ka ha na-eche ihu ịhụnanya, mfu, na ntachi obi n'ofe Naịjirịa na Amerịka.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Cummins |first=Anthony |date=2 Maachị 2025 |title=Dream Count nke Chimamanda Ngozi Nyocha Adichie - mkparịta ụka doro anya na ndị enyi |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/mar/02/dream-count-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-review-candid-conversations-with-friends |access-date=8 Maachị 2025 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe ewepụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ a, Adichie malitere njem nleta ụlọ na Naịjirịa, yana mmemme ndị dị mkpa emere na Lagos (June 27), Abuja (Julaị 3), na Enugu (Julaị 5).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-08-05 |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Njem Nrọ Adichie nke Ịlaghachi n'Ụlọ: Akwụkwọ Akụkọ Foto |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2025/08/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-dream-count-homecoming-tour-a-photo-diary/ |access-date=2026-07-07 |website=Brittle Paper |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dịka akụkụ nke njem ya, Adichie jere ozi dị ka ọkà okwu dị mkpa na [[Things Fall Apart Festival]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Egbejule |first=Eromo |last2=Chijioke |first2=Arinze |date=2025-07-09 |title=‘Anyị ga-adị n'otu’: Mkpu Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie na emume akwụkwọ Naịjirịa |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/jul/09/we-must-unite-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-nigerian-literature-festival-igbo-culture |access-date=2026-07-07 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Adeduyite |first=Okiki |date=2025-05-14 |title=Chimamanda Adichie ga-abụ isi okwu maka emume Things Fall Apart nke 2025 na Enugu |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-to-headline-2025-things-fall-apart-festival-in-enugu/ |access-date=2026-07-07 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ụdị na isiokwu ==
=== Ụdị ide ihe ===
Adichie ji ma Igbo ma Bekee mee ihe n'ọrụ ya,{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|pages=73–74}} yana ahịrịokwu Igbo e gosiri na italics, wee soro ya na ntụgharị Bekee.{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|page=78}} Ọ na-eji ihe atụ iji kpalite ahụmịhe mmetụta uche,{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=296}} dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọbịbịa nke eze iji maa ndị ọchịchị na ndị ndú okpukpe aka na ''Purple Hibiscus'' na-anọchite anya [[Palm Sunday]].{{sfn|Dube|2019|page=225}} Ojiji ya nke asụsụ na-ezo aka na ''[[Things Fall Apart]]'' nke Achebe na-akpọku ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ ya ncheta ọrụ ya.{{sfn|Dube|2019|pages=226–227}} N'otu aka ahụ, aha Kambili, agwa dị na ''Purple Hibiscus'', na-akpọ &quot;{{lang|ig|i biri ka m biri}}&quot; (&quot;Dị Ndụ ma Ka Ndụ&quot;), aha egwu nke onye egwu Igbo [[Oliver De Coque]].{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=7}} Iji kọwaa ọnọdụ tupu agha na mgbe agha gasịrị, ọ na-esi n'ezi ihe gaa n'ọkacha njọ dịka a hụrụ na ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', ebe otu n'ime ndị agwa ya malitere site n'imepe friji wee hụ oroma, biya, na &quot;ọkụkọ na-egbuke egbuke&quot;. Ndị a dị iche na nke e mesịrị na akwụkwọ akụkọ ebe otu n'ime ndị agwa ya nwụrụ n'ihi agụụ, a manyekwara ndị ọzọ iri àkwá na ngwere ntụ ntụ.{{sfn|Mbah|2015|page=352}} Adichie na-ejikarị ebe ndị dị adị na ndị ama ama akụkọ ihe mere eme dọta ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ n'akụkọ ya.{{sfn|Ejikeme|2017|p=312}}

N'ịmepụta agwa, Adichie na-ejikarị echiche ya eme ihe iji tụnyere ọdịiche dị n'etiti omenala ọdịnala na nke ọdịda anyanwụ.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=295}} Akụkọ ya na-egosikarị omenala ndị dara ada, ọkachasị ndị na-ahapụ agwa ya n'ọnọdụ dị njọ n'etiti nhọrọ ọjọọ.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=305}} Mgbe ụfọdụ, ọ na-emepụta agwa dị ka [[archetype]] nke akụkụ ụfọdụ nke omume omenala iji mepụta [[Foil (akụkọ)|foil]] maka agwa dị mgbagwoju anya karị.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=297}}

==== Omenala ndi Igbo ====
Adichie na-enye ndị odide ya aha a na-akpọkarị maka agbụrụ e bu n'obi, dịka [[Muhammad (aha)|Mohammed]] maka agwa Alakụba.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|pages=5–6}} Maka ndị Igbo, ọ na-emepụta aha ndị na-egosi omenala aha Igbo ma na-egosipụta àgwà, àgwà, na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|pages=2–3}} Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na ''Ọkara nke Anyanwụ Odo'', aha agwa ahụ bụ Ọlanna pụtara n'ezie &quot;Ọlaedo Chineke&quot;, mana Nwankwọ na-ekwu na &quot;ọla&quot; pụtara ihe dị oke ọnụ ahịa ebe &quot;nna&quot; pụtara Chineke nna ma ọ bụ nne na nna.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=5}} Site n'ịhapụ aha Igbo a ma ama, Adichie na-eme ka ndị odide ya nwee ọtụtụ agbụrụ, okike na ọtụtụ, zuru ụwa ọnụ. personas.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=3}} Ọ naghị eji aha Bekee eme ihe maka agwa Afrịka mana, mgbe ọ na-eme ya, ọ bụ ngwaọrụ iji gosipụta àgwà ma ọ bụ omume ọjọọ.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|p=4}}

Adichie jiri ihe osise sitere na ọdịnala ọnụ Igbo mee ihe iji gosipụta eziokwu n'ụdị [[akụkọ ifo akụkọ ihe mere eme]].{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|pages=18–19}} Ọ na-emebi omenala n'ụzọ dị iche na akwụkwọ ọdịnala Afrịka, ebe ọ bụ na ụmụ nwanyị na-ede akwụkwọ anaghị anọghị na Naịjirịa [[Canon (ụkpụrụ bụ isi)|akwụkwọ edemede]],{{sfn|Hewett|2005|page=77}} na a na-elegharakarị ndị inyom anya ma ọ bụ na-eje ozi dị ka ihe nkwado maka ndị ikom na-etinye aka na ndụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na akụ na ụba nke obodo ahụ.{{sfn|Vanzanten|2015|pages=87–88}} Ụdị ejiji ya na-elekwasịkarị anya na ụmụ nwanyị siri ike ma na-agbakwụnye echiche nwoke na nwanyị na isiokwu ndị ndị edemede ndị ọzọ nyochaburu, dị ka ọchịchị ndị ọchịchị, okpukperechi, na mmekọrịta ike.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|page=80}}{{sfn|Vanzanten|2015|page=90}}

Adichie na-ekewakarị ndị odide n'ime klaasị mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya iji gosipụta enweghị nghọtahie na usoro ọdịnala.{{sfn|Ndula|2017|pp=32}}{{sfn|Sharobeem|2015|p=26}} Site n'iji akụkọ sitere n'aka ndị odide nke akụkụ dị iche iche nke ọha mmadụ, dịka ọ na-ekwughachi n'okwu TED ya, &quot;Ihe Ize Ndụ nke Akụkọ Otu&quot;, ọ na-ezipụ ozi na enweghị otu eziokwu gbasara ihe gara aga.{{sfn|Ejikeme|2017|p=309}} Adichie na-agba ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ ya ume ka ha mata ọrụ nke ha nye ibe ha, na ikpe na-ezighị ezi dị n'ụwa.{{sfn|Carotenuto|2017|p=173}} Ọkà mmụta Naịjirịa bụ Stanley Ordu na-akọwa echiche nwanyị Adichie dị ka [[Nwanyị|onye na-achọ ụmụ nwanyị]] n'ihi na nyocha ya banyere usoro nna ochie gafere mmeso mmekọahụ megide ụmụ nwanyị na [[Misandry|onye na-achọghị nwoke]], kama ile anya na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na akụ na ụba, ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. na nsogbu agbụrụ ụmụ nwanyị na-eche ihu iji lanarị ma soro ụmụ nwoke na-arụkọ ọrụ.{{sfn|Ordu|2021|pp=61–63}} Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na ''Purple Hibiscus'', agwa Anti Ifeoma na-egosi echiche nwanyị site n'ime ka ndị ezinụlọ niile rụọ ọrụ dịka otu na nkwenye, ka e wee jiri talent onye ọ bụla mee ihe ruo n'ókè kachasị elu ha nwere.{{sfn|Ordu|2021|p=70}}

N'ọrụ ya dịka ide ihe na ikwu okwu n'ihu ọha, Adichie tinyere ihe ọchị, ma jiri okwu [[anecdote]]s, okwu njakịrị na okwu mkparị mee ka otu echiche pụta ìhè.{{sfn|Anasuya|2015}}{{sfn|Anthony|2023}} Adichie etolitela echiche [[Pan-Africanism|Pan-Africanist]] nke oge a gbasara okwu gbasara okike, na-ebelata mmasị n'ụzọ ndị ọdịda anyanwụ si ahụ Afrịka ma na-enwekwu mmasị n'otú Afrịka si ahụ onwe ya.{{sfn|Dabiri|2015}}

=== Isiokwu di iche iche ===
N'ime mkparịta ụka Adichie na onye edemede Kenya [[Binyavanga Wainaina]] na 2011, o kwuru na isi ihe dị n'ọrụ ya bụ ịhụnanya.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=111}} Site n'iji arụmụka ndị inyom &quot;[[Onye ahụ bụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị]]&quot;, ịhụnanya n'ọrụ ya na-egosipụtakarị site na njirimara omenala, njirimara onwe onye na ọnọdụ mmadụ, na otu esemokwu mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị si emetụta atọ ahụ.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=112}} Adichie na-enyochakarị njikọ nke klaasị, omenala, okike, (mgbe-) ọchịchị alaeze ukwu gasịrị, ike, agbụrụ na okpukperechi.{{sfn|Dube|2019|page=222}} Ọgụ bụ isiokwu kachasị mkpa n'akwụkwọ ndị Afrịka,{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=76}} ọrụ ya na-agbaso omenala ahụ site n'inyocha ezinụlọ, obodo, na mmekọrịta.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|pp=79–80}} Nnyocha ya gafere esemokwu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na mgba maka ikike, ma na-enyochakarị ụmụ mmadụ.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=90}} Ọtụtụ n'ime ihe odide ya na-ekwu maka otu ndị odide ya si eme ka ha na ndị nwere mwute dị na ndụ ha{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=84}} na otu ha si agbanwe site n'ịbụ ndị na-enweghị olu na ndị na-enweghị olu gaa n'inwe ike onwe ha na inwe ike ịkọ akụkọ nke ha.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|pp=85–86}}

Ọrụ Adichie na-enyochakarị njirimara omenala,{{sfn|Tunca|2010|p=295}} karịsịa njirimara Igbo nke na-eme emume asụsụ Igbo na [[omenala Igbo|omenala]], ma na-egosi ịhụnanya mba Afrịka, n'ozuzu ya.{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|p=74}} Ide ihe ya bụ mkparịta ụka ebumnobi ya na ndị ọdịda anyanwụ, ebumnuche iweghachite ùgwù na mmadụ nke ndị Afrịka.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|p=111}} Isi okwu na-emegharị n'ọrụ Adichie bụ Agha Biafra. Agha ahụ bụ &quot;oge doro anya&quot; n'akụkọ ihe mere eme mgbe ọchịchị Naịjirịa gasịrị, inyocha esemokwu ahụ na-egosi ụzọ e si hazie njirimara mba ahụ. ''Ọkara nke Anyanwụ Odo'', ọrụ ya dị mkpa n'agha ahụ, na-egosi etu amụma, nrụrụ aka, nkwenye okpukpe na esemokwu si mee ka a chụpụ ndị Igbo wee manye ha ịbanyeghachi na mba ahụ.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=79}}{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=5}} Ihe abụọ a mere nwere ihe si na ya pụta, Adichie na-egosikwa agha ahụ dị ka ọnyá na-agwọbeghị n'ihi na ndị isi ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị anaghị achọ idozi nsogbu ndị kpalitere ya.{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=3}}

Mahadum Naịjirịa, Nsukka pụtara ọzọ n'akwụkwọ akụkọ Adichie iji gosi mgbanwe agụmakwụkwọ n'ịzụlite mmụọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ma gosipụta mkpali nke [[Pan-Africanism|Pan-African psychology]] na ọchịchọ maka nnwere onwe na ''Half of a Yellow Sun''. Ọ pụtara na ''Purple Hibiscus'' na ''Americanah'' dị ka ebe ụmụ akwụkwọ na-eguzogide ọchịchị aka ike site na [[nnupụisi obodo]] na [[Mkpesa|nkwenye]].{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=20}} Mahadum ahụ na-akụzi akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ndị ọchịchị ma na-emepụta ụzọ isi lụso mgbagwoju anya ya ọgụ site na [[ihe ọmụma ọdịnala|ihe ọmụma ndị obodo]],{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=21}} site n'ịghọta na akwụkwọ ndị ọchịchị na-akọ naanị akụkụ nke akụkọ ahụ ma na-ebelata onyinye ndị Africa.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=22}} Adichie gosipụtara nke a na ''Ọkara Anyanwụ Odo'', mgbe onye nkuzi mgbakọ na mwepụ {{lang|ig|Odenigbo|italics=no}}, kọwara nwa okorobịa ya n'ụlọ, {{lang|ig|Ugwu|italics=no}}, na ọ ga-amụta n'ụlọ akwụkwọ na [[Niger] otu nwoke ọcha aha ya bụ [[Mungo Park (onye na-enyocha)|Mungo Park]] chọtara Osimiri]], ọ bụ ezie na ndị obodo ahụ azụọla azụ̀ n'osimiri ahụ ruo ọtụtụ ọgbọ. Agbanyeghị, Odenigbo dọrọ Ugwu aka ná ntị na, ọ bụ ezie na akụkọ banyere nchọpụta Park bụ ụgha, ọ ghaghị iji azịza na-ezighi ezi mee ihe ma ọ bụghị ya, ọ ga-ada ule ya.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=21}}

Ọrụ Adichie gbasara [[ndị Africa bi na mba ọzọ]] na-enyocha isiokwu nke ịbụ onye otu, mgbanwe na ịkpa ókè mgbe niile.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=296}} A na-egosikarị nke a dị ka agụụ imekọ ihe ọnụ ma a na-egosipụta ya site na ndị odide na-agbanwe aha ha,{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=297}} isiokwu a na-ahụkarị na akụkọ ifo Adiche, nke na-egosi ihu abụọ.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|pages=299–300}} Site n'iji isiokwu nke mbata na ọpụpụ, ọ nwere ike ịmepụta mkparịta ụka gbasara otu esi agbanwe echiche na njirimara nke ndị odide ya site na ibi na mba ọzọ na izute omenala dị iche iche.{{sfn|Bragg|2017|p=130}}

N'ime &quot;Dear Ijeawele ma ọ bụ A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions&quot; ọ tụlere isiokwu njirimara nke na-apụta na &quot;Purple Hibiscus&quot;', &quot;Half of a Yellow Sun&quot;', na &quot;The Thing Around Your Neck&quot; dịka echiche efu nke ọdịdị ahụ ụmụ nwanyị ojii, ntutu isi ha na ihe ha na-eme.{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=1–2}} &quot;Dear Ijeawele&quot; na-emesi ike mkpa ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke iji aha ndị Africa eme ihe,{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=2–3}} ịjụ [[Mkpawa dabere na agba akpụkpọ ahụ|agba]],{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=3–4}} na-egosipụta nnwere onwe ikwu okwu n'otú ha si eyi ntutu isi ha (gụnyere ịjụ ịchọ ịmata ihe gbasara ya){{sfn|Sebola|2022|p=5}} na izere [[commodification]], dị ka ule alụmdi na nwunye, nke Na-ebelata uru nwanyị gaa na nke ihe nrite, na-ahụ naanị uru ya dị ka nwunye nwoke.{{sfn|Sebola|2022|p=6}} Ndị inyom ya na-ajụkarị ka a kọwaa ha site na echiche ndị na-adịghị mma ma na-achọ ike ụmụ nwanyị.{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=6–7}}

Ọrụ Adichie na-ekwukarị banyere nchọpụta ezinụlọ n'etiti ọgbọ dị iche iche, na-enye ya ohere inyocha ahụmịhe dị iche iche nke mmegbu na nnwere onwe. Na ''Purple Hibiscus'' na &quot;[[Onye Akụkọ Ihe Mere Eme Isi]]&quot;, Adichie lere isiokwu ndị a anya site na iji ezinụlọ dị ka obere ihe nnọchianya nke ime ihe ike.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|p=26}} Mmekọahụ ụmụ nwanyị, ma n'ime mmekọrịta alụmdi na nwunye nna ochie na n'èzí alụmdi na nwunye, bụ isiokwu Adichie na-ejikarị enyocha mgbagwoju anya na ókèala ịhụnanya. Ọrụ ya na-ekwu maka nwoke idina nwoke n'ihe gbasara alụmdi na nwunye n'akụkọ dịka &quot;Transition to Glory&quot;, na isiokwu ndị a machibidoro iwu dịka mmetụta ịhụnanya maka ndị ụkọchukwu na &quot;Purple Hibiscus&quot;, yana ịrata enyi nwoke enyi ya na &quot;Light Skin&quot;. Ịpụ nwa,{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=81}} ịbụ nne na nsogbu nke ịbụ nwanyị bụ isiokwu ndị na-apụta ìhè n'ọrụ Adichie, a na-enyochakwa ha mgbe niile n'ihe gbasara Iso Ụzọ Kraịst, [[nna nna]], na atụmanya mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=80}}{{sfn|Roifah|2021|p=179}}{{sfn|Daniels|2022|p=54}} Dịka ọmụmaatụ, n'akụkọ dị mkpirikpi &quot;Zikora&quot;, ọ na-ekwu maka akụkụ ndị dị ndụ, omenala na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke ịghọ nne na atụmanya ndị a na-atụ anya n'aka ụmụ nwanyị.{{sfn|Roifah|2021|p=179}} Akụkọ ahụ na-enyocha ọdịda nke mgbochi ime na afọ ime a na-atụghị anya ya, ịhapụ onye òtù ọlụlụ ya, ịbụ nne na-alụbeghị di, nrụgide mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na nsogbu njirimara Zikora, na mmetụta dị iche iche ọ na-enwe gbasara ịghọ onye nne.{{sfn|Roifah|2021|pp=182–183}}

Isiokwu ndị na-apụtakarị bụ mgbaghara na aghụghọ, dịka ọ dị na ''Ọkara Anyanwụ Odo'', mgbe Olanna gbaghaara onye hụrụ ya n'anya ekwesịghị ntụkwasị obi, ma ọ bụ mkpebi Ifemelu ikewapụ onwe ya na enyi ya nwoke na ''Americanah''.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=112}} Nnyocha Adichie banyere agha na-eme ka a mata otú akụkụ abụọ nke esemokwu ọ bụla si eme ihe ike na ọ dịghị akụkụ ọ bụla na-ata ụta maka ime ihe ike na-apụta. Akụkọ ya na-egosi na ihe ọmụma na nghọta nke klaasị na agbụrụ dị iche iche dị mkpa iji mepụta obodo dị iche iche nwere ọtụtụ agbụrụ dị iche iche.{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=5}} Ụdị ime ihe ike ndị ọzọ bụ isiokwu ugboro ugboro na ''Purple Hibiscus'', ''Ọkara nke Anyanwụ Odo'' na ''Ihe Gbara Olu Gị'';{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=5}}{{sfn|Hewett|2005|pp=79–80}} isiokwu ndị a na-egosi ike zuru ụwa ọnụ, ma ọ bụ mmetụta na ngosipụta n'ime ọha mmadụ nke iji ya eme ihe n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi.{{sfn|Carotenuto|2017|p=173}}

== Echiche ==
=== Ejiji ===
[[File:Ms. magazine Cover - Summer 2014.jpg|thumb|alt=Front cover of a print magazine|Adichie on the cover of ''[[Ms. (magazine)|Ms.]]'' in 2014]]
Adichie, n'isiokwu e dere na 2014 maka ''[[Elle (magazine)|Elle]]'',{{sfn|Adichie|2014}} dere na &quot;ụmụ nwanyị chọrọ ka a na-ewere ha nke ọma kwesịrị igosi na ha dị mkpa site n'enweghị mmasị n'ọdịdị ha.&quot;{{sfn|Mannur|2017|p=411}} Dịka o si kwuo, echiche ndị ọdịda anyanwụ dị iche na otú e si zụlite ya na Naịjirịa ebe nlebara anya mmadụ na ejiji na-adabere na oke ùgwù na nsọpụrụ ọha mmadụ ga-enye ya.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=216}} O kwuru na a na-ekpe ndị mmadụ ikpe otú ha si eyi uwe.{{sfn|Mannur|2017|p=412}} N'ịghọta mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ịma mma, ejiji, ụdị na enweghị nha anya na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, Adichie malitere ịkwado [[ahụ dị mma]] dị ka ụzọ isi nweta [[Agency (sociology)|agency]].{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=216}}{{sfn|Mannur|2017|p=412}}

Agụnyere Adichie na ''[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]''{{'}}s 2016 [[International Best Wressing Hall of Fame List|International Best-Wered List]], ma kpọọ [[Michelle Obama]] dị ka onye a ma ama n'ụdị ejiji ya.{{sfn|''Vanity Fair''|2016|p=144}}{{sfn|Safronova|2016}} N'afọ ahụ, [[Maria Grazia Chiuri]], onye nduzi okike nwanyị mbụ nke ụlọ ọrụ ejiji French [[Dior]], gosipụtara na nchịkọta mbụ ya uwe elu T-shirt nwere aha okwu TED nke Adichie, &quot;Anyị Kwesịrị Ịbụ Ihe Niile Ndị Na-eme Ihe Banyere Ụmụ Nwanyị&quot;.{{sfn|Brockes|2017}}{{sfn|Medrano|2016}} O juru Adichie anya mgbe ọ matara na Dior enwebeghị nwanyị na-achị ngalaba ihe okike ya ma kweta ịrụkọ ọrụ ọnụ na Chiuri, onye kpọrọ ya òkù dịka onye ọbịa a na-asọpụrụ ka ọ nọdụ n'ahịrị ihu nke ihe ngosi ụlọ ọrụ ahụ n'oge oge opupu ihe ubi nke 2016 [[Izu Ejiji Paris]].{{sfn|Medrano|2016}}{{sfn|Brockes|2017}}{{sfn|Ryan|2017}} Ọkà mmụta Matthew Lecznar kwuru na Adichie na-amakarị echiche ndị na-adịghị mma gbasara ụmụ nwanyị aka site na ntụnyere na ejiji. O kwuru na ikwe ka Dior gosipụta ederede ya bụ ụzọ dị mma isi jiri ụdị mgbasa ozi dị iche iche zie ozi ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, kamakwa ịzụlite aha ya dị ka &quot;ihe ngosi transmedia&quot; nwere ọtụtụ akụkụ ọgụgụ isi, akwụkwọ na ejiji.{{sfn|Lecznar|2017|p=168}} Ọ ghọrọ ihu nke [[Boots (ụlọ ọrụ)#Nke. 7 Protect &amp; Perfect Intense Beauty Serum|Nke 7]], ngalaba ihe ịchọ mma nke ụlọ ahịa ọgwụ Britain [[Boots (ụlọ ọrụ)|Boots]].{{sfn|Weatherford|2016}} N'ozi Facebook ya nke afọ 2016 nke akpọrọ ''Dear Ijeawele, ma ọ bụ Ihe ngosi ụmụ nwanyị n'ime aro iri na ise'', Adichie rụrụ ụka na ibelata ịdị mma nwanyị na ngosipụta ya site na ejiji na etemeete bụ &quot;akụkụ nke omenala nke ịkpa oke mmekọahụ&quot;.{{sfn|Safronova|2016}}

Na 8 Mee 2017, Adichie kwupụtara mkpọsa &quot;Wear Nigerian&quot; ya na ibe Facebook ya.{{sfn|Idowu|2017}}{{sfn|Hobdy|2020}} O hiwere akaụntụ [[Instagram]] nke ụmụnne ya nwanyị Chisom na Amaka jisiri ike,{{sfn|Idowu|2017}} wee nweta ihe dị ka 600,000 Ndị na-eso ụzọ.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=218}} Dịka Adichie si kwuo, ebumnuche ya bụ inyere aka chebe ihe nketa omenala Naịjirịa site n'igosipụta ụdị ọrụ aka na ojiji nke usoro, ihe na ákwà ọhụrụ e ji aka rụọ nke ndị na-emepụta ihe na Naịjirịa na-eji.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=217}} O meriri [[Shorty Awards|Shorty Award]] na 2018 maka mkpọsa ahụ,{{sfn|Agbo|2018a}} na na 2019 ahọpụtara ya dịka otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị iri na ise ga-apụta na mkpuchi nke ''[[British Vogue]]'' na mbipụta nke onye ọbịa deziri nke [[Meghan, Duchess nke Sussex]].{{sfn|''The Irish Times''|2019}} Na mkparịta ụka 2021 na [[Düsseldorfer Schauspielhaus]] ya na onye bụbu Chancellor nke Germany, [[Angela Merkel]], na ndị nta akụkọ [[Miriam Meckel]] na [[Léa Steinacker]], Adichie kwuru na ọ na-ejikarị ejiji akụziri ndị mmadụ gbasara ụdịdị dị iche iche.{{sfn|Gopalakrishnan|2021}}

=== Nkwerechi ===
Ọ bụ ezie na a zụlitere Adichie dịka [[Ụka Katọlik|Katọlik]], ọ na-ewere echiche ya, ọkachasị ndị gbasara echiche ụmụ nwanyị, dị ka ihe na-emegide okpukperechi ya mgbe ụfọdụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Raised Catholic |url=https://www.chimamanda.com/external_articles/raised-catholic/ |access-date=3 Maachị 2026 |website=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ka esemokwu okpukperechi bilitere na Naịjirịa n'etiti Ndị Kraịst na Ndị Alakụba na 2012, ọ gbara ndị ndu ume ka ha kwusaa ozi udo na ịdị n'otu.{{sfn|Shariatmadari|2012}} Adichie kwuru na mmekọrịta ya na Katọlik dị mgbagwoju anya n'ihi na ọ na-amata omenala dịka Katọlik, mana ọ na-eche na ilekwasị anya na ego na ikpe ọmụma nke Chọọchị adabaghị na ụkpụrụ ya.{{sfn|Augoye|2021}}

Na mmemme 2017 na [[Mahadum Georgetown]], o kwuru na ọdịiche dị n'echiche dị n'etiti ndị Katọlik na Ndị ndu [[Church Mission Society]] kpatara nkewa n'obodo Naịjirịa n'oge ọ bụ nwata, nakwa na ọ hapụrụ chọọchị ahụ n'oge e mere emume nhọpụta nke [[Pope Benedict XVI]] na 2005.{{sfn|Pongsajapan|2017}} O kwetara na ozizi [[Pope Francis]], onye a họpụtara na 2013, na ọmụmụ nwa ya nwanyị na 2016 dọtara ya azụ n'okpukpe Katọlik ma kpalie mkpebi ya ịzụlite nwa ya dị ka onye Katọlik.{{sfn|Pongsajapan|2017}} Ka ọ na-erule 2021, Adichie kwuru na ya bụ [[Onye Kraịst aha ya bụ onye Katọlik]] ma na-aga naanị [[Mass n'ime Chọọchị Katọlik|Mass]] mgbe ọ hụrụ [[Onye Kraịst na-aga n'ihu|obodo na-aga n'ihu]] nke lekwasịrị anya n'ịkwalite ụmụ mmadụ. O mere ka o doo anya na &quot;Echere m na m bụ onye na-enweghị ike ịmata ihe dị na ya ma na-ajụ ajụjụ&quot;.{{sfn|Augoye|2021}}

N'afọ ahụ, e bipụtara echiche ya gbasara akwụkwọ ozi Pope Francis ''[[Fratelli tutti]]'' n'asụsụ Itali na mbipụta nke ise nke ọnwa Julaị nke akwụkwọ akụkọ Vatican ''[[L'Osservatore Romano]]''.{{sfn|Sarr|2021}}{{sfn|Adichie|2021}} N'isiokwu ya nke afọ 2021 bụ &quot;{{lang|it|Sognare come un'unica umanità|italics=no}}&quot; (&quot;Ịrọ nrọ dị ka mmadụ na-alụbeghị di&quot;), Adichie chetara na a na-akatọ ya n'olili nne ya maka ịkatọ ilekwasị anya na Chọọchị n'ego, mana o kwetakwara na emume Katọlik nyere ya nkasi obi n'oge iru újú ya.{{sfn|Sarr|2021}}

=== Ikike nwoke idina nwoke na nwoke ===
Adichie bụ onye na-akwado [[ikike LGBT na Afrịka]] ma na-akwado [[ikike LGBT na Naịjirịa]].{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=818}}{{sfn|Crockett|2017}} Mgbe Naịjirịa tinyere iwu megidere nwoke idina nwoke na nwanyị na 2014, ọ so n'ime ndị edemede Naịjirịa jụrụ iwu ahụ, na-akpọ ya ihe megidere iwu, ikpe na-ezighị ezi na &quot;ihe dị ịtụnanya nye mba nwere ọtụtụ nsogbu n'ezie&quot;. O kwuru na ndị toro eto na-egosi ibe ha ịhụnanya emerụghị ọha mmadụ ahụ, kama na iwu ahụ &quot;ga-eduga na mpụ ime ihe ike&quot;.{{sfn|Useni|2014}} Adichie bụ ezigbo enyi na onye edemede Kenya [[Binyavanga Wainaina]] onye pụtara n'ihu ọha na 2014.{{sfn|Malec|2017}}{{sfn|Iju Mmiri|2019}} Onye edemede Bernard Dayo kwuru na [[ihe ọmụma]] Adichie gwara Wainaina na 2019 dọtara mmụọ nke &quot;onye na-akwado LGBTQ [nke] ụwa akwụkwọ Africa ebe a ka na-emeso nwoke idina nwoke dị ka echiche dị nro.&quot;{{sfn|Dayo|2019}}

=== Ntinye nwoke na nwanyị site na nwoke ===
Kemgbe afọ 2017, Adichie na-akparịta ụka n'ihu ọha mgbe ụfọdụ gbasara okwu gbasara transgender, ụfọdụ na-ebokwa ya ebubo na ọ bụ [[transphobia]].{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=354}} N'ajụjụ ọnụ [[Channel 4]] nke afọ 2017, Adichie kwuru na ahụmịhe nke nwanyị &quot;biri ndụ dịka nwoke, nwere ihe ùgwù ụwa nyere ụmụ nwoke&quot; abụghị otu ahụmịhe ahụ dịka &quot;nwanyị nke, site na mbido, biri n'ụwa dịka nwanyị&quot;.{{sfn|Ring|2022}}{{sfn|Crockett|2017}} N'ihe o dere na Facebook, o dere na ụmụ nwanyị transgender na ahụmịhe ụmụ nwanyị ndị ọzọ dị iche, mmadụ nwekwara ike ikweta ọdịiche ndị ahụ na-enweghị imebi ma ọ bụ belata ahụmịhe ndụ nke otu ọ bụla.{{sfn|Crockett|2017}} O mesiri ike na a na-eme ka ụmụ agbọghọ na-akpakọrịta n'ụzọ ndị na-emebi uru onwe ha, nke nwere mmetụta na-adịgide adịgide ná ndụ ha niile, ebe ụmụ nwoke na-erite uru site na uru nke ihe ùgwù nwoke, tupu mgbanwe.{{sfn|Crockett|2017}}{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=820}}

Esemokwu ahụ pụtara ọzọ na 2020 mgbe Adichie kwupụtara nkwado maka [[J. Edemede K. Rowling]] gbasara okike na mmekọahụ, mgbe ọ kpọrọ ya &quot;ihe ezi uche dị na ya&quot; n'oge ajụjụ ọnụ ya na akwụkwọ akụkọ Britain, ''The Guardian''.{{sfn|Allardice|2020}}{{sfn|Okafor|2020}} Ajụjụ ọnụ ahụ kpalitere mmeghachi omume [[Twitter]] site n'aka ndị nkatọ echiche ya, nke gụnyere onye gụsịrị akwụkwọ na otu n'ime [[Ọrụ Ndị Odee (ọrụ)|Ọrụ Ide Ihe]] nke Adichie, [[Akwaeke Emezi]].{{sfn|Akhabau|2020}}{{sfn|Okafor|2020}} Na nzaghachi, Adichie dere &quot;Ọ Bụ Ihe Ọjọọ: Echiche Eziokwu n'Akụkụ Atọ&quot; wee biputere ya na weebụsaịtị ya na June 2021, na-akatọ ojiji nke mgbasa ozi ọha iji kwupụta mkpesa.{{sfn|Iju Mmiri|2021b}}{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=354}} Ihe ndị a N'ọnwa, ụmụ akwụkwọ obodo LGBT na [[Mahadum Cape Town]], South Africa, jụrụ ikwu okwu ihu ọha ya n'ogige ha.{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=354}} Adichie kwuru na ajụjụ ọnụ ya na [[Otosirieze Obi-Young]] na Septemba na &quot;ihe mwute dị ukwuu&quot; maka mmeghachi omume ahụ nakwa na n'oge esemokwu ahụ, ọ gụrụ ihe ọ bụla ọ hụrụ na isiokwu trans iji nyere ya aka ịghọta ihe na-eme.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}}

Na ngwụcha afọ 2022, Adichie nwetara nkatọ ọzọ maka echiche ya mgbe ọ gbasịrị ajụjụ ọnụ ọzọ na &quot;The Guardian&quot; mgbe ọ sịrị, &quot;Ya mere, onye yiri nwanne m nwoke—ọ na-asị, 'Abụ m nwanyị', wee banye n'ime ụlọ ịsa ahụ ụmụ nwanyị, otu nwanyị wee sị, 'Ị gaghị anọ ebe a', ọ nọkwa &quot;Ndị na-agbanwe agbanwe na-akpọ mmadụ asị?&quot;{{sfn|Ring|2022}}{{sfn|Williams|2022}}{{sfn|Baska|2022}} Magazin ahụ ''[[PinkNews]]'' kwuru na Adichie &quot;anaghị enwe mmetụta&quot; nakwa na ọ na-eji &quot;okwu ọjọọ&quot;.{{sfn|Baska|2022}} Ọkammụta Cheryl Stobie kwuru na Adichie kwadoro &quot;echiche nkewa nke okike&quot;.{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=355}} Onye nchọpụta B. Camminga kwuru na aha Adichie mere ka okwu ya banyere ụmụ nwanyị trans na-akpọ mmadụ asị dịkwuo elu ma mechie olu ụmụ nwanyị Africa ndị ọzọ, ma ndị trans na ndị cis, ọnụ.{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=819}}

== Ndụ nkeonwe ==
Adichie bụ onye ụka [[Katọlik]].{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Na nwata, ya na ezinaulo ya na-eje ụka na St. Paul, Abba.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Ọ bi na mba Amerika{{sfn|Pearce|2017}} ma nwekwa ụlọ na Naijiria.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}

N'afọ 2009, ọ lụrụ Ivara Esege.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Ha nwere ụmụ atọ; amụrụ nwa ha nwanyị n'afọ 2016,{{sfn|Chutel|2016}} ya na ejima nwoke n'afọ 2024 site na ụzọ surrogacy dịka Adichie si kwuo n'ajụjụ ọnụ ndị ''[[The Guardian]]'' jụrụ ya.{{sfn|Edwardes|2025}}{{sfn|Lee|2025}} Otu n'ime ejima ahụ nke aha ya bụ Nkanu Nnamdi nwụrụ na 7 January 2026 mgbe ọ dị ọnwa 21, mgbe ọ rịasịrị ọrịa.{{sfn|Ige|2026}}{{sfn|Glynn|2026}} Adichie kwuru ihe kpatara ọnwụ nwa ya nwoke bụ nleghara anya ahụike nke ụlọọgwụ Euracare dị na Lagos, ebe anabatara Nkanu. Akụkụ nke nleghara anya ahụ, dịka ya si kwuo, gụnyere ịjụ ikuku, na ime ka nwatakịrị ahụ daa jụụ nke butere [[njide obi]]. N'agbanyeghi ulọọgwụ ahụ gosiri mwute ha na-eje onwu nwa Adichie nọ, ha ekwetaghi ebubo ndị ahụ.{{sfn|Okafor|2026}} A malitere nnyocha gbasara ọnwụ Nkanu na 14 Eprel 2026.{{sfn|Ewokor|2026}} Emesịri kwụsị ya bụ nyocha n'ihi ntinye aka nke aatụghị anya ya sitere n'aka ọkaiwu ukwu nke Steeti Lagos.{{sfn|Oduah|2026}}

Na 2 Mee 2015, a tọọrọ nna Adichie ma mesịa tọhapụ ya ụbọchị ole na ole ka e mesịrị.{{sfn|Lee|2015}} Nna ya nwụrụ n'ihi ọrịa n'afọ 2020 ebe nne ya, n'oge ọrịa [[COVID-19]],{{sfn|Broom|2021}} nwụrụ n'afo 2021.{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}}

== Ihe ncheta ==
=== Mmetụta oha ===
[[Larissa MacFarquhar]] nke ''The New Yorker'' kwuru na Adichie &quot;a na-ewere ya dị ka otu n'ime ndị edemede akwụkwọ akụkọ kacha mkpa na nke mbụ n'ọgbọ ya&quot;.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Asụgharịala ọrụ ya n'ihe karịrị asụsụ 30.{{sfn|Luckett|2018|p=155}} Obi-Young Otosirieze kwuru n'akụkọ mkpuchi ya gbasara Adichie maka magazin Naịjirịa ''[[Open Country Mag]]'' na Septemba 2021, na &quot;akwụkwọ akụkọ ya... mebiri mgbidi n'akwụkwọ mbipụta. ''Purple Hibiscus'' gosiri na e nwere ahịa mba ụwa maka akụkọ ifo ndị Africa mgbe Achebe gasịrị [na] ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' gosiri na ahịa ahụ nwere ike ichebara akụkọ ihe mere eme ndị Africa echiche&quot;.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} N'isiokwu mbụ e bipụtara na ''[[Brittle Paper]]'', o kwuru na ''Half of a Yellow Akwụkwọ akụkọ Sun''{{'}}s wepụtara na 2006 rere mkpụrụ 500,000, ihe atụ nke ihe ịga nke ọma n'ahịa maka akwụkwọ, tupu Ọktoba 2009 na UK naanị.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2017}} Akwụkwọ akụkọ ya bụ 'Americanah' rere mkpụrụ 500,000 na US n'ime afọ abụọ nke ewepụtara ya na 2013.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2017}}{{sfn|Germain|2015}} {{Ruo|2022}}, &quot;The Danger of a Single Story&quot; enwetala ihe karịrị nde 27.{{sfn|Kumolu|2022}} Ruo 1 Septemba 2023, okwu ahụ bụ otu n'ime mkparịta ụka TED 25 kachasị elele n'oge niile.{{sfn|Assheton|2023}}

Dịka Lisa Allardice, onye nta akụkọ na-ede maka ''The Guardian'', Adichie si kwuo. ghọrọ &quot;nwa agbọghọ mara mma maka echiche ụmụ nwanyị nke oge a mgbe okwu TED Talk ya nke afọ 2012 bụ́ 'Anyị Kwesịrị Ịbụ Ndị Nwanyị' batara n'ọkwa dị iche iche ma kesaa ya n'ụdị akwụkwọ nye ụmụaka niile dị afọ 16 na Sweden&quot;.{{sfn|Allardice|2020}} Adichie aghọọla &quot;onye ama ama n'ụwa niile maka ụmụ nwanyị&quot; na &quot;onye na-eche echiche ọha&quot; dịka onye nta akụkọ Lauren Alix Brown si kwuo.{{sfn|Brown|2017}} Akụkụ nke okwu TEDx nke Adichie bụ́ &quot;Anyị Kwesịrị Ịbụ Ndị Nwanyị&quot; ka e tinyere n'abụ &quot;[[Flawless (Abụ Beyoncé)|Flawless]]&quot; nke [[Beyoncé]] dere na 13 Disemba 2013.{{sfn|Kiene|2016}} Adichie kwuru okwu megide ndị nkatọ bụ́ ndị mechara jụọ onye ọbụ abụ ahụ akwụkwọ ikike ịbụ onye inyom n'ihi na ọ na-eji mmekọahụ ya &quot;eme ka anya nwoke na nwoke dị mma&quot;. N'ịgbachitere Beyoncé, Adichie kwuru, sị: &quot;Onye ọ bụla kwuru na ha bụ ndị inyom nwere ọbara ọbara.&quot;{{sfn|Danielle|2014}}

Ọkà mmụta Matthew Lecznar kwuru na ọkwa Adichie dị ka &quot;otu n'ime ndị edemede na ndị inyom nwere ọtụtụ ihe a ma ama n'oge a&quot; nyere ya ohere iji onye ama ama ya &quot;gosipụta ike nke uwe ma nye ndị mmadụ ike site na ọnọdụ dị iche iche ịnakwere [ejiji]... nke nwere ihe niile metụtara ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke njirimara&quot;.{{sfn|Lecznar|2017|p=169}} Ndị ọkà mmụta Floriana Bernardi na Enrica Picarelli kwuru na nkwado ya maka ụlọ ọrụ ejiji Naịjirịa nyere aka itinye Naịjirịa &quot;n'ihu&quot; n'ime mmegharị iji ejiji dị ka usoro ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị a ma ama n'ụwa niile nke inye ike.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=220}} [[Toyin Falola]], prọfesọ akụkọ ihe mere eme, na nyocha nke agụmakwụkwọ na Naịjirịa, katọrọ amụma nke ibuli ndị ọkà mmụta elu n'oge. O kwuru na agụmakwụkwọ, ọkachasị n'ihe gbasara ụmụ mmadụ, kwesịrị ịma aka n'iwu na usoro iji mee ka nkwekọrịta mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ụmụ amaala na gọọmentị sikwuo ike. O tụrụ aro ka a na-elekwasị anya site n'ịkwado ndị ọkà mmụta bụ ndị na-emetụta ndị ọkà mmụta ndị ọzọ gaa n'ịkwado ndị ọkà mmụta na-eji nkà ha enyere steeti aka ma na-eje ozi dị ka ndị ndụmọdụ nye ndị ntorobịa Naịjirịa. Adichie so n'ime ndị o chere na ha ruru eru dị ka &quot;ndị dike nwere ọgụgụ isi&quot;, bụ ndị &quot;kwalitere ókè nke mgbanwe mmekọrịta ọha na eze&quot;.{{sfn|Olaopa|2022}}

[[File:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie - mural Ciudad Lineal (cropped).jpg|thumb|287x287px|Adichie on the [[Concepción Feminist Mural]] in [[Madrid]], Spain]]
E tinyere akwụkwọ Adichie nke akpọrọ &quot;Half of a Yellow Sun&quot; n'ime [[Half of a Yellow Sun (fim)|fim nke otu aha ahụ]] nke [[Biyi Bandele]] duziri na 2013.{{sfn|Felperin|2013}} Na 2018, e tinyere eserese Adichie na [[mgbidi mgbidi]] na Municipal Sport Center na [[Concepción (Madrid)|Concepción barrio]] nke [[Madrid]], ya na ụmụ nwanyị iri na anọ ndị ọzọ. Ndị agbata obi họpụtara ụmụ nwanyị iri na ise ahụ iji gosipụta ọrụ ụmụ nwanyị na akụkọ ntolite ma jee ozi dị ka ihe nnọchianya nke nha anya. Ndị bi n'ógbè ahụ meriri ihe ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na-eme iji wepụ ihe osise ahụ na 2021 site na mkpesa nke mbinye aka a nakọtara.{{sfn|''El Mundo''|2021}}

Luke Ndidi Okolo, onye nkuzi na [[Nnamdi Azikiwe University]] kwuru:{{sfn|Okolo|2016|p=12}}

{{Blockquote|text=Adichie dere na-akọwa isiokwu na isiokwu doro anya ma dị elu. Mana isiokwu na isiokwu abụghị ihe ọhụrụ na akwụkwọ akụkọ Afrịka. Ihe dị iche na ihe dị iche na ihe osise Chimamanda Adichie nke Purple Hibiscus bụ ụdị ejiji ya - nhọrọ ya nke atụmatụ asụsụ na akwụkwọ, yana usoro ojiji nke atụmatụ ndị ahụ na njikọta dị egwu nke echiche na echiche nke ndị odide.}}

Ọrụ Adichie enwetala otuto dị ukwuu na ọtụtụ ihe nrite.{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|page=75}}{{sfn|Hewett|2005|page=75}} Ndị nkatọ akwụkwọ dịka Daria Tunca dere na ọrụ Adichie dị mkpa nke ukwuu ma kwuo na ọ bụ olu dị mkpa na [[Ọgbọ nke Atọ nke Ndị Ode Akwụkwọ Naịjirịa]],{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=306}} ebe Izuu Nwankwọ kpọrọ atụmatụ aha Igbo ya mepụtara dị ka &quot;ụdị nka&quot;, nke o mere ka ọ zuo oke n'ọrụ ya.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=3}} O toro ikike ya itinye asụsụ Igbo na ihe ọ pụtara na Ederede Bekee n'emeghị ka akụkọ ahụ ghara ịdị mma ma ọ bụ gbagọọ akụkọ ahụ.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=8}} N'ikpe nke [[Ernest Emenyonu]], otu n'ime ndị ọkà mmụta kacha pụta ìhè na [[akwụkwọ Igbo]],{{sfn|Igwe|2017|p=7}} Adichie bụ &quot;olu kacha elu ma na-adọrọ mmasị n'oge ya&quot; ma ọ kọwara ya dị ka &quot;onye na-akọ akụkọ kacha elu n'Africa&quot;.{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=2}} [[Toyin Falola]], prọfesọ akụkọ ihe mere eme, toro ya na ndị edemede ndị ọzọ, dị ka &quot;ndị dike nwere ọgụgụ isi&quot;.{{sfn|Olaopa|2022}} Leslie Gray Streeter nke ''[[The Independent]]'' kwuru na echiche Adichie banyere iru újú &quot;na-eme ka mmetụta uche a zuru ụwa ọnụ na-atọ ụtọ, nke bụkwa otu n'ime ndị kacha nwee ihe ọmụma zuru ụwa ọnụ. zere.&quot;{{sfn|Streter|2021}} A maara ya nke ọma dịka &quot;ada akwụkwọ Chinua Achebe&quot;.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=109}} Jane Shilling nke ''[[Daily Telegraph]]'' kpọrọ ya &quot;onye na-eme ka akụkọ dị mfe dịka abụ nnụnụ&quot;.{{sfn|Shilling|2009}}

Adichie enwetala otuto dị ukwuu maka okwu na nkuzi ya.{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=818}}{{sfn|Anasuya|2015}}{{sfn|Wagner|2015}} Prọfesọ mgbasa ozi na nkwukọrịta Erika M. Behrmann, onye nyochachara okwu Adichie nke TEDxEuston, &quot;Anyị Kwesịrị Ịbụ Ndị Na-eme Ihe n'Ụmụ Nwanyị&quot; toro ya dịka &quot;onye nwere onyinye n'akụkọ&quot;, onye nwere ike iso ya kparịta ụka nke ọma. ndị na-ege ntị.{{sfn|Behrmann|2017|p=315}} Agbanyeghị, Behrmann katọrọ enweghị mkparịta ụka n'okwu ahụ gbasara akụkụ dị iche iche nke njirimara ndị mmadụ na ntụkwasị obi Adichie na okwu abụọ (nwoke/nwanyị, nwoke/nwanyị, nwoke/nwanyị), nke hapụrụ &quot;obere ohere iche echiche na inyocha otu ndị transgender na ndị na-eme ihe n'omume ụmụ nwanyị&quot; si enye aka ma ọ bụ emetụta ha site na omume ụmụ nwanyị.{{sfn|Behrmann|2017|p=316}} Emenyonu kwuru na &quot;okwu ya, blọgụ, echiche ya na mgbasa ozi ọha, edemede na nkọwa, nkuzi ogbako maka ndị edemede na-eto eto na mkparịta ụka nkuzi... gbasaa ma kọwaa ọrụ ya dị ka onye edemede&quot;.{{sfn|Ememyonu|2017|p=1}} Ọkà mmụta Grace Musila kwuru na akara Adiche gụnyere aha ya dị ka onye edemede, onye ọha na eze, na onye na-emepụta ejiji, nke mere ka ikike ya na echiche ya dịkwuo elu karịa agụmakwụkwọ. okirikiri.{{sfn|Musila|2020|p=807}}

=== Otito Ihe ndị odere ===
{{Main|Ndepụta ihe nrite na nhọpụta nke Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie natara}}
Adichie nwetara [[MacArthur Fellowship]] na 2008,{{sfn|Irvine|2008}} ya na ihe nrite agụmakwụkwọ ya ndị ọzọ gụnyere 2011–2012 Fellowship nke [[Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study na Harvard University]].{{sfn|Okachie|2011}} Na 2002, a họpụtara ya maka [[Caine Prize for African Writing]] maka akụkọ ya bụ &quot;Ị nọ n'Amerịka&quot;.{{sfn|Anya|2005}}{{sfn|Caine Prize|2009}} O meririkwa asọmpi akụkọ mkpụmkpụ [[BBC World Service]] maka &quot;That Harmattan Morning&quot;, ebe akụkọ mkpụmkpụ ya bụ &quot;The American Embassy&quot; meriri na 2003 [[O. Ihe nrite Henry]] na ihe nrite David T. Wong International Short Story Prize site na [[PEN International]].{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}}

Akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya nke afọ 2003, ''Purple Hibiscus'', nabatara nke ọma, wee nweta nyocha dị mma.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2018}} Akwụkwọ a rere nke ọma ma nye ya ihe nrite [[Commonwealth Foundation prize|Commonwealth Writers' Prize]] maka Akwụkwọ Kachasị Mma (2005), [[Hurston/Wright Legacy Award]], a kpọkwara ya aha maka [[Women's Prize for Fiction|Orange Prize for Fiction]] (2004).{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2018}} ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' (2006) nwetara ihe nrite ọzọ otuto, gụnyere mmeri nke ihe nrite Orange maka akụkọ ifo na 2007,{{sfn|Majendie|2007}} [[International Nonino Prize]] (2009),{{sfn|Medeossi|2009}}{{sfn|Ogwude|2011|p=122}} na [[Anisfield-Wolf Book Award]].{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}} Nchịkọta akụkọ Adichie ''The Thing Around Your Neck'' bụ onye nke abụọ na [[Dayton Literary Peace Prize]] maka 2010.{{sfn|Richardson|2011|pp=114–115}} Otu akụkọ sitere n'akwụkwọ ahụ, &quot;Ceiling&quot;, gụnyere na ''[[The Best American Short Storys 2011]]''.{{sfn|Sam-Duru|2014}} ''Americanah'' e depụtara n'ime ''[[The New York Times]]'' &quot;Akwụkwọ iri kacha mma nke 2013&quot;,{{sfn|''Nduzi''|2018}}{{sfn|''The New York Times''|2013}} wee merie [[National Book Critics Circle Award]] (2014),{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}}{{sfn|''National Book Critics''|2014}}{{sfn|Iju Mmiri|2014}} na [[One City One Book]] (2017).{{sfn|Weller|2017}} Akwụkwọ ya ''Dear Ijeawele'', nke a sụgharịrị n'asụsụ French dị ka {{lang|fr|Chère Ijeawele, ou un manifeste pour une éducation féministe}}, meriri [[Madame Figaro#Grand Prix Littéraire (nnukwu ihe nrite akwụkwọ)|Le Grand Prix de l'Héroïne Madame Figaro]] dị na ngalaba akwụkwọ akụkọ kacha mma na 2017.{{sfn|''TheCable''|2017}}{{sfn|Chela|2017}}

[[File:Chimamanda Adichie 11.09.10 (5248097626).jpg|220px|thumb|right|alt=A Black woman with short, curly hair speaks into a microphone in a warmly lit room. She is wearing a black and white striped dress and layered necklaces. Behind her are wooden-framed windows and decorative cobwebs on the wall. A water pitcher sits on the table in front of her, and there are people in the audience.|Adichie at an event related to her book ''[[The Thing Around Your Neck]]'', 2010]]

Adichie so n'ime ndị ikpeazụ nke [[Andrew Carnegie Medal for Excellence in Fiction]] (2014).{{sfn|Italie|2014}} O meriri [[Barnard Medal of Distinction]] (2016),{{sfn|Jaschik|2016}} na [[W. E. B. Du Bois Medal]] (2022), ihe nrite kachasị elu n'ihe gbasara ọmụmụ ihe ndị Afrịka na ndị Afrịka Amerịka site na [[Mahadum Harvard]].{{sfn|Edeme|2022a}} E depụtara ya na ''[[The New Yorker]]''{{'}}s &quot;20 Under 40&quot; ndị edemede na 2010, na 2014 ahọpụtara ya maka [[Africa39]], ọrụ nke [[Hay Festival] malitere.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/booksblog/2014/apr/10/port-harcourt-world-book-capital-2014-africa-39 |title=Africa39: Otu anyị si họrọ ndị edemede maka Port Harcourt World Book Capital 2014|first=Margaret|last=Busby|newspaper=The Guardian|date= 10 Eprel 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{sfn|''Nduzi''|2018}} A kpọrọ ya aha na ndepụta ''[[Oge 100]]''' na 2015,{{sfn|Jones|2015}} ma nọrọ na ndepụta ''[[Akụkọ Afrịka]]''{{'}}s nke &quot;100 Ndị Afrịka Kachasị Kpatara Aka&quot; na 2019.{{sfn|''Ventures Africa''|2019}} Na 2018, a họpụtara ya dị ka onye meriri na [[PEN Pinter Prize]], nke na-amata ndị edemede ọrụ akwụkwọ ha na-ekpughe eziokwu site na nyocha dị mkpa nke ndụ na ọha mmadụ. Onye natara ihe nrite ahụ ga-ahọpụta onye meriri ihe nrite ahụ, Pinter International Writer of Courage Award, nke Adichie kpọrọ [[Waleed Abulkhair]], ọkaiwu [[Saudi Arabia]] na onye na-akwado ikike mmadụ.{{sfn|Iju Mmiri|2018a}}{{sfn|Iju Mmiri|2018b}} Ihe nrite ụmụ nwanyị maka akụkọ ifo, nke a maara na mbụ dị ka ihe nrite Orange, họpụtara mmadụ iri abụọ na ise maka onye meriri ya iji sọpụrụ emume ncheta afọ iri abụọ na ise ya na 2020; &quot;Half of a Yellow Sun&quot; nke Adichie meriri ihe nrite ahụ.{{sfn|Iju Mmiri|2020}}

Na 2017, a họpụtara Adichie dị ka otu n'ime ndị otu ọhụrụ 228 e tinyere n'ime klas nke 237 nke [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]], nke mere ka ọ bụrụ onye Naijiria nke abụọ e nyere nsọpụrụ ahụ mgbe [[Wole Soyinka]] gasịrị.{{sfn|Ayo-Aderele|2017}} Ruo Maachị 2022, Adichie enwetala nzere nsọpụrụ 16 site na mahadum{{sfn|''Guardian Nigeria''|2022}} Onyeisiala Naịjirịa [[Muhammadu Buhari]] họpụtara ya dị ka onye natara [[Order of the Federal Republic]] na 2022,{{sfn | Ufuoma | 2022}} mana Adichie jụrụ ọkwa mba ahụ.{{sfn|Olaiya|2022}} Na 30 Disemba 2022, e nyere Adichie nsọpụrụ site n'inye [[ndị isi Naịjirịa|aha nke &quot;Odeluwa&quot;]], ọkwa onyeisi, site n'aka obodo ya bụ Abba na [[Anambra State]], nke mere ka ọ bụrụ nwanyị mbụ natara ọkwa onyeisi na Abba.{{sfn|Edeme|2022b}}{{sfn|Okogba|2023}}

== Ndekọ akwụkwọ ==

=== Akwụkwọ akụkọ ===
* {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Purple Hibiscus]] |publisher=[[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] |year=2003 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=London |ref=none}}
* {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Half of a Yellow Sun]] |publisher=[[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] |year=2006 |isbn=978-1-4000-4416-0 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=London |author-mask=2 |ref=none}}
* {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Americanah]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2013 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}}
* {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Dream Count]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2025 |isbn=978-0-593-80272-4 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}}

=== Nchịkọta akụkọ dị mkpirikpi ===

* {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[The Thing Around Your Neck]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2009 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}}

=== Akwụkwọ ncheta ===

* {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Notes on Grief]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2021 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}}

=== Akwụkwọ ndị na-abụghị akụkọ ifo ===

* {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[We Should All Be Feminists]] |publisher=[[Anchor Books]] |year=2014 |isbn=978-1-101-91176-1 |edition=paperback 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}}
* {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2017 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}}

== Edensibia ==
===Notes===
{{notelist}}
===Citations===
{{Reflist}}
===Nrụtụ aka===
{{Refbegin|30em}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Abba |first1=Abba A. |title=Remediating Biafra: Adichie's Half of a Yellow Sun as a Symbolic Vehicle of Postwar Reconciliation |journal=[[Research in African Literatures]] |date=Winter 2021 |volume=51 |issue=4 |pages=1–17 |doi=10.2979/reseafrilite.51.4.01 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/3/article/798051/pdf |access-date=2 May 2024 |publisher=[[Indiana University Press]] |location=Bloomington, Indiana |issn=0034-5210 |oclc=9144124984 |url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required |via=[[Project Muse]]}}
* {{cite news |last=Abimbola |first=Oluwakemi |title=Chimamanda Adichie Tackles Hillary Clinton over Twitter Bio |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-tackles-hillary-clinton-over-twitter-bio/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Punch]] |date=23 April 2018 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153337/https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-tackles-hillary-clinton-over-twitter-bio/ |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |last=Adebayo |first=Bukola |title=Hillary Clinton Has Changed Her Twitter Bio and It Does Not Start with Wife |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/04/24/africa/chimamanda-adichie-hillary-clinton-wife-africa/index.html |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[CNN]] |date=2 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153338/https://edition.cnn.com/2018/04/24/africa/chimamanda-adichie-hillary-clinton-wife-africa/index.html |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite web | last=Adeduyite | first=Okiki | title=Chimamanda Adichie to headline 2025 Things Fall Apart festival in Enugu | website=[[The Punch]] | date=14 May 2025 | url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-to-headline-2025-things-fall-apart-festival-in-enugu/ | access-date=14 July 2026 }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Adichie |first1=Amanda Ngozi |title=My Mother, the Crazy African |journal=In Posse Review |date=2000 |volume=Multi-Ethnic Anthology |url=http://www.webdelsol.com/InPosse/anthology_index.htm |publisher=Spectrum Publishers |location=San Francisco, California |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331193207/http://www.webdelsol.com/InPosse/anthology_index.htm |archive-date=31 March 2024 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=Truth and Lies |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2006/sep/16/fiction.society |access-date=31 March 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |location=London, UK |date=15 September 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331225357/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2006/sep/16/fiction.society |archive-date=31 March 2024 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite web |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=Why Can't a Smart Woman Love Fashion? |url=https://www.elle.com/fashion/personal-style/a12670/personal-essay-on-style-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=29 April 2024 |website=[[Elle (magazine)|Elle.com]] |date=20 February 2014 |publisher=[[Hearst Magazines|Hearst Magazines Digital Media]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240407214558/https://www.elle.com/fashion/personal-style/a12670/personal-essay-on-style-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=7 April 2024 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozie |title=Sognare come un'unica umanità |url=https://www.osservatoreromano.va/it/news/2021-07/quo-149/sognare-br-come-un-unica-umanita.html |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[L'Osservatore Romano]] |date=5 July 2021 |location=Vatican City |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126084417/https://www.osservatoreromano.va/it/news/2021-07/quo-149/sognare-br-come-un-unica-umanita.html |archive-date=26 November 2022 |language=Italian |trans-title=Dreaming as a Single Humanity |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |last=Agbo |first=Njideka |title=Chimamanda Adichie Wins Shorty Awards Literature Prize |url=https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-wins-shorty-awards-literature-prize/ |access-date=13 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=19 April 2018a |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210621050746/https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-wins-shorty-awards-literature-prize/ |archive-date=21 June 2021 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |last=Agbo |first=Njideka |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: The Fearless Writer |url=https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-the-fearless-writer/ |access-date=3 April 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=26 September 2018b |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240403164300/https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-the-fearless-writer/ |archive-date=3 April 2024 |url-status=live }}
*{{cite news |last=Akhabau |first=Izin |title=Akwaeke Emezi: Non-binary Author Shares Heartbreak at Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.voice-online.co.uk/entertainment/books/2020/11/18/akwaeke-emezi-non-binary-author-shares-heartbreak-at-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=19 November 2020 |work=[[The Voice (British newspaper)|The Voice]] |date=18 November 2020 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://archive.today/20201125215845/https://www.voice-online.co.uk/entertainment/books/2020/11/18/akwaeke-emezi-non-binary-author-shares-heartbreak-at-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=25 November 2020 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |last=Akinyoade |first=Akinwale |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Reveals How She Came about the Name 'Chimamanda' |url=https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-reveals-how-she-came-about-the-name-chimamanda/ |access-date=17 April 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=5 January 2021 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240425005651/https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-reveals-how-she-came-about-the-name-chimamanda/ |archive-date=25 April 2024 |url-status=live }}
*{{cite news |last=Allardice |first=Lisa |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'America under Trump felt like a personal loss' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/14/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-america-under-trump-felt-like-a-personal-loss |access-date=15 November 2020 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=14 November 2020 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://archive.today/20201115211512/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/14/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-america-under-trump-felt-like-a-personal-loss |archive-date=15 November 2020 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite web |last=Anasuya |first=Shreya Ila |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Speaks as Well as She Writes, Maybe Better |url=https://scroll.in/article/735501/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-speaks-as-well-as-she-writes-maybe-better |access-date=10 May 2024 |website=[[Scroll.in]] |date=20 June 2015 |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230605010346/https://scroll.in/article/735501/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-speaks-as-well-as-she-writes-maybe-better |archive-date=5 June 2023 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite web |title=Announcing the National Book Critics Awards Finalists for Publishing Year 2013 |url=http://bookcritics.org/blog/archive/announcing-the-national-book-critics-awards-finalists |access-date=14 January 2014 |website=bookcritics.org |publisher=[[National Book Critics Circle]] |date=14 January 2014 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140115014055/http://bookcritics.org/blog/archive/announcing-the-national-book-critics-awards-finalists |archive-date=15 January 2014 |ref={{sfnref|National Book Critics|2014}} }}
* {{cite news |last=Anthony |first=Joseph |title=Exploring the Literary Genius of Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://heraldngr.com/2023/04/exploring-the-literary-genius-of-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |access-date=27 March 2024 |work=[[The Herald (Nigeria)|Herald Nigeria]] |date=9 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327113929/https://heraldngr.com/2023/04/exploring-the-literary-genius-of-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |archive-date=27 March 2024 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite magazine |last=Anya |first=Ike |title=In the Footsteps of Achebe: Enter Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.africanwriter.com/in-the-footsteps-of-achebe-enter-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=31 March 2024 |magazine=African Writer |date=15 October 2005 |publisher=African Writer Magazine |location=Williamstown, New Jersey |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004131649/https://www.africanwriter.com/in-the-footsteps-of-achebe-enter-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=4 October 2023 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |last=Assheton |first=Richard |title=What the Outspoken Author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Told Me at Dinner |url=https://www.thetimes.com/culture/books/article/what-the-outspoken-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-told-me-at-dinner-kgm3gtdjw |access-date=22 May 2024 |work=[[The Times]] |date=1 September 2023 |location=London, UK }}
* {{cite news |last=Augoye |first=Jayne |title=Why I Stopped Attending Catholic Churches in Nigeria — Chimamanda Adichie |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/434475-why-i-stopped-attending-catholic-churches-in-nigeria-chimamanda-adichie.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=[[Premium Times]] |date=2 January 2021 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240509112927/https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/434475-why-i-stopped-attending-catholic-churches-in-nigeria-chimamanda-adichie.html |archive-date=9 May 2024 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |last=Ayo-Aderele |first=Adesola |title=Chimamanda Elected into US Academy of Arts and Science |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-elected-into-us-academy-of-arts-and-science/ |access-date=8 February 2021 |newspaper=[[The Punch]] |date=12 April 2017 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126061829/https://punchng.com/chimamanda-elected-into-us-academy-of-arts-and-science/ |archive-date=26 January 2022 |url-status=live }}
*{{cite news |last=Baska |first=Maggie |title=Author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Doubles Down on Anti-trans Views |url=https://www.thepinknews.com/2022/12/01/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-trans-women/ |access-date=19 March 2024 |work=[[PinkNews]] |date=1 December 2022 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231230131704/https://www.thepinknews.com/2022/12/01/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-trans-women/ |archive-date=30 December 2023 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite journal |last=Behrmann |first=Erika M. |title=Book and Media Reviews: Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi. 'We Should All Be Feminists', TEDxEuston Talk. |doi=10.1080/07491409.2017.1334456 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07491409.2017.1334456?scroll=top&amp;needAccess=true |access-date=11 May 2024 |journal=[[Women's Studies in Communication]] |date=July 2017 |volume=40 |issue=3 |pages=315–316 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire |issn=0749-1409 |oclc=7082968906 |url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required|via=[[Taylor &amp; Francis]]}}
*{{cite book |last1=Bernardi |first1=Floriana |last2=Picarelli |first2=Enrica |editor1-last=Paulicelli |editor1-first=Eugenia |editor1-link=Eugenia Paulicelli |editor2-last=Manlow |editor2-first=Veronica |editor3-last=Wissinger |editor3-first=Elizabeth |title=The Routledge Companion to Fashion Studies |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0Lo8EAAAQBAJ&amp;dq=The%20Routledge%20Companion%20to%20Fashion%20Studies%2C%20adichie&amp;pg=PT228 |date=2022 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire |chapter=[[DOI:10.4324/9780429264405-22|22. Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie as Fashion Icon: Addressing Nationalism and Feminism with Style]] |pages=215–222 |doi=10.4324/9780429264405-22 |isbn=978-0-367-20956-8 }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Bhuta |first1=Aishwarya |title=Book Review: Adichie, C.N., ''Dear Ijeawele, or a Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions'', London: Fourth Estate, 2017. 80 pages, ₹250. ISBN 978-0-00-824103-2 |journal=[[Indian Journal of Gender Studies]] |date=June 2018 |volume=25 |issue=2 |pages=319–323 |doi=10.1177/0971521518761445 |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0971521518761445 |access-date=9 May 2024 |publisher=[[SAGE Publications]] |location=Thousand Oaks, California |issn=0971-5215 |oclc=7651369612 |url-access=subscription }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Bragg |first1=Beauty |title=Racial Identification, Diaspora Subjectivity, and Black Consciousness in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Americanah and Helen Oyeyemi's Boy, Snow, Bird |journal=[[South Atlantic Review]] |date=Winter 2017 |volume=82 |issue=4 |pages=121–138 |jstor=90017450 |issn=0277-335X |oclc=9970616626}}
* {{cite web |last=Braimah |first=Ayodale |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie (1977–) |url=https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/adichie-chimamanda-ngozi-1977/ |access-date=16 August 2022 |website=[[BlackPast.org|BlackPast]] |date=13 February 2018 |publisher=BlackPast.org |location=Seattle, Washington |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220810173946/https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/adichie-chimamanda-ngozi-1977/ |archive-date=10 August 2022 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |last=Brockes |first=Emma |author-link=Emma Brockes |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'Can people please stop telling me feminism is hot?' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/mar/04/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-stop-telling-me-feminism-hot |access-date=22 August 2017 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=4 March 2017 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190903133059/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/mar/04/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-stop-telling-me-feminism-hot |archive-date=3 September 2019 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |last=Broom |first=Sarah M. |author-link=Sarah M. Broom |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'My Madness Will Now Bare Itself' |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/09/books/review/notes-on-grief-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |access-date=30 April 2024 |url-access=limited |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=9 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502021205/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/09/books/review/notes-on-grief-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |archive-date=2 May 2024 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite web |last=Brown |first=Lauren Alix |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'Sometimes it feels like the universe is conspiring against me' |website=Quartz |date=11 December 2017 |url=https://qz.com/quartzy/1133732/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-talks-about-feminism-and-raising-her-daughter-in-a-gendered-world |access-date=14 May 2024 }}
* {{cite web | last=Busby | first=Margaret | author-link=Margaret Busby | title=Africa39: how we chose the writers for Port Harcourt World Book Capital 2014 | website=[[The Guardian]] | date=10 April 2014 | url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/booksblog/2014/apr/10/port-harcourt-world-book-capital-2014-africa-39 | access-date=14 July 2026 | location=London, UK }}
* {{cite news |last=Busby |first=Margaret |author-link=Margaret Busby |title=Buchi Emecheta Obituary |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/feb/03/buchi-emecheta-obituary |access-date=14 November 2020 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=3 February 2017 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170204094646/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/feb/03/buchi-emecheta-obituary |archive-date=4 February 2017 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |last=Cain |first=Sian |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Slams BBC 'Ambush' with Trump Supporter |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/nov/28/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-slams-bbc-ambush-with-trump-supporter-newsnight |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=28 November 2016 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153327/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/nov/28/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-slams-bbc-ambush-with-trump-supporter-newsnight |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |last=Calkin |first=Jessamy |title=Love in the Time of Cornrows: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie on Her New Novel |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/authorinterviews/9968921/Love-in-the-time-of-cornrows-Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-on-her-new-novel.html |access-date=11 May 2024 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=6 April 2013 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207182012/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/authorinterviews/9968921/Love-in-the-time-of-cornrows-Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-on-her-new-novel.html |archive-date=7 December 2023 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite journal |last=Camminga |first=B. |title=Disregard and Danger: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie and the Voices of Trans (And Cis) African Feminists |doi=10.1177/0038026120934695 |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0038026120934695 |access-date=8 May 2024 |journal=[[The Sociological Review]] |date=July 2020 |volume=68 |issue=4 |pages=817–833 |publisher=[[Sage Publishing]] |location=Thousand Oaks, California |issn=0038-0261 |oclc=8643495664 |url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required|via=[[Sage Publishing|SAGE Journals]]}}
* {{cite book |last1=Carotenuto |first1=Silvana |editor1-last=Ememyonu |editor1-first=Ernest N. |editor-link=Ernest Emenyonu |title=A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |date=2017 |publisher=[[James Currey]] |location=Woodbridge, Suffolk |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXkVvgAACAAJ&amp;pg=PA18 |chapter=12. 'A Kind of Paradise' Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Claim to Agency, Responsibility &amp; Writing |pages=169–184 |chapter-url=https://unora.unior.it/retrieve/handle/11574/171405/29601/Companion%20to%20Chimamanda%20first%20proofs%20inc%20re-run%20Appendix-%20S%20Carotenuto.pdf |isbn=978-1-84701-162-6 }}
* {{cite magazine |last=Chela |first=Efemia |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Named a Nouvelle Héroïne of Literature in France |url=https://johannesburgreviewofbooks.com/2017/08/07/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-named-a-nouvelle-heroine-of-literature-in-france/ |access-date=15 May 2024 |magazine=[[The Johannesburg Review of Books]] |date=7 August 2017 |publisher=Ben Williams Publishing |location=Johannesburg, South Africa |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240221180302/https://johannesburgreviewofbooks.com/2017/08/07/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-named-a-nouvelle-heroine-of-literature-in-france/ |archive-date=21 February 2024 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |title=Chimamanda Adichie – Quintessence of a Literary Icon |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201808060087.html |access-date=6 May 2024 |work=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]] |agency=[[AllAfrica]] |date=5 August 2018 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |id={{Gale|A550692546}} |ref={{sfnref|''Leadership''|2018}} }}
* {{cite magazine |title=Chimamanda Adichie Schools White Man: 'You Don't Get To Define Racism' |url=https://www.theroot.com/watch-chimamanda-adichie-schools-white-man-you-don-t-1790857702 |access-date=20 May 2024 |magazine=[[The Root (magazine)|The Root]] |date=12 November 2016 |publisher=[[G/O Media]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153327/https://www.theroot.com/watch-chimamanda-adichie-schools-white-man-you-don-t-1790857702 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The Root''|2016}} }}
*{{cite news |title=Chimamanda Adichie Wins French Literary Award |url=https://www.thecable.ng/chimamanda-adichie-wins-french-literary-award/ |access-date=15 May 2024 |work=[[TheCable]] |date=6 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517085832/https://www.thecable.ng/chimamanda-adichie-wins-french-literary-award |archive-date=17 May 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''TheCable''|2017}} }}
* {{cite news |title=Chimamanda Makes History as First African to Speak at Yale's Class Day |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/05/chimamanda-makes-history-as-first-african-to-speak-at-yales-class-day/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] |date=20 May 2019 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181154/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/05/chimamanda-makes-history-as-first-african-to-speak-at-yales-class-day/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Vanguard''|2019}} }}
* {{cite news |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, a Pride to Africa, a Treasure to the World |url=https://businessday.ng/offduty/article/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-a-pride-to-africa-a-treasure-to-the-world-2/ |access-date=23 March 2024 |work=[[Business Day (Nigeria)|Business Day]] |date=24 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323124934/https://businessday.ng/offduty/article/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-a-pride-to-africa-a-treasure-to-the-world-2/ |archive-date=23 March 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Business Day''|2016}} }}
* {{cite | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Dream Count Homecoming Tour: A Photo Diary | date=5 August 2025 | url=https://brittlepaper.com/2025/08/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-dream-count-homecoming-tour-a-photo-diary/ |website=[[Brittle Paper]]| language=en-US | ref={{sfnref|''Brittle Paper''|2025}} | access-date=14 July 2026}}
* {{cite news |title=Chimamanda's Mother for Burial May 1 |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/03/17/chimamandas-mother-for-burial-may-1/ |access-date=12 March 2022 |work=[[This Day]] |date=16 March 2021 |location=Apapa, Lagos |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522165155/https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/03/17/chimamandas-mother-for-burial-may-1/ |archive-date=22 May 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''This Day''|2021}} }}
* {{cite news |title=Chimamanda to Receive 16th Honorary PhD from the Catholic University of Louvain Belgium |url=https://guardian.ng/news/nigeria/chimamanda-to-receive-16th-honorary-phd-from-the-catholic-university-of-louvain-belgium/ |access-date=22 March 2022 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=22 March 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220322100849/https://guardian.ng/news/nigeria/chimamanda-to-receive-16th-honorary-phd-from-the-catholic-university-of-louvain-belgium/ |archive-date=22 March 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Guardian Nigeria''|2022}} }}
* {{cite news |last=Chutel |first=Lynsey |title=Award-Winning Author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Has Had a Baby, Not That It's Anyone's Business |url=http://qz.com/722822/award-winning-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-has-had-a-baby-not-that-its-anyones-business/ |access-date=3 July 2016 |work=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]] |date=3 July 2016 |publisher=[[G/O Media]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160704125129/http://qz.com/722822/award-winning-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-has-had-a-baby-not-that-its-anyones-business/ |archive-date=4 July 2016 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite web |last=Crockett |first=Emily |title=The Controversy over Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie and Trans Women, Explained |url=https://www.vox.com/identities/2017/3/15/14910900/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-transgender-women-comments-apology |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |date=15 March 2017 |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240325165825/https://www.vox.com/identities/2017/3/15/14910900/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-transgender-women-comments-apology |archive-date=25 March 2024 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite web | last=Cummins | first=Anthony | title=Dream Count by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie review – candid conversations with friends | website=[[The Guardian]] | date=2 March 2025 | url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/mar/02/dream-count-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-review-candid-conversations-with-friends | access-date=14 July 2026 }}
* {{cite magazine |title=Curriculum Vitae: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://magazine.krieger.jhu.edu/2015/11/curriculum-vitae-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=1 April 2024 |magazine=A &amp; S Magazine |date=Fall 2015 |volume=13 |issue=1 |publisher=Zanvyl Krieger School of Arts &amp; Sciences, [[Johns Hopkins University]] |location=Baltimore, Maryland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002220404/https://magazine.krieger.jhu.edu/2015/11/curriculum-vitae-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=2 October 2023 |ref={{sfnref|Krieger|2015}} }}
* {{cite book |last1=Dabiri |first1=Emma |author-link=Emma Dabiri |editor1-last=Beyer |editor1-first=Theresa |editor2-last=Burkhalter |editor2-first=Thomas |editor3-last=Liechti |editor3-first=Hannes |title=Seismographic Sounds: Visions of a New World |date=2015 |publisher=Norient |location=Berne, Switzerland |chapter=Re-Imagining Gender in Nigeria |chapter-url=https://norient.com/stories/gender-in-nigeria?topic=97 |isbn=978-3-9524496-0-8}}
* {{cite web |last=Danielle |first=Britni |date=2014-03-20 |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Defends Beyoncé: 'Whoever Says They're Feminist is Bloody Feminist' |url=http://www.clutchmagonline.com/2014/03/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-defends-beyonce-asks-shouldnt-women-sexuality/ |website=Clutch Magazine Online |location=Houston, Texas |publisher=Sutton Media |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140325224952/http://www.clutchmagonline.com/2014/03/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-defends-beyonce-asks-shouldnt-women-sexuality/ |archive-date=2014-03-25 |access-date=2026-04-25 |accessdate=2026-07-14 |archivedate=2014-04-23 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140423173503/http://www.clutchmagonline.com/2014/03/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-defends-beyonce-asks-shouldnt-women-sexuality/ }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Daniels |first1=Juliana |title=Alternative Feminism: Interrogating Marriage and Motherhood in Chimamanda Ngozie Adichie's ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' and ''Purple Hibiscus'' |journal=The International Journal of Humanities Education |date=2022 |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=53–66 |doi=10.18848/2327-0063/CGP/v21i01/53-66 |publisher=Common Ground Research Network, [[University of Illinois]] |location=Champaign, Illinois |issn=2327-0063 |oclc=9695413750 |id={{ProQuest|2743806195}}}}
* {{cite web |last=Dayo |first=Bernard |title=Read Chimamanda Adichie's Elegantly Moving Tribute to Binyavanga Wainaina and Cry with Us |url=https://ynaija.com/read-chimamanda-adichies-elegantly-moving-tribute-to-binyavanga-wainaina-and-cry-with-us/ |access-date=23 March 2024 |website=[[YNaija]] |date=28 May 2019 |publisher=Generation Y! |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200821225008/https://ynaija.com/read-chimamanda-adichies-elegantly-moving-tribute-to-binyavanga-wainaina-and-cry-with-us/ |archive-date=21 August 2020 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite journal |last=Dube |first=Musa W. |author-link=Musa Dube |title=Purple Hibiscus: A Postcolonial Feminist Reading |url=https://doaj.org/article/e1e37b7a0049415e8f108572b16ad66a |doi=10.7832/46-2-311 |journal=Missionalia |date=April 2019 |volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=222–235 |publisher=[[Stellenbosch University]] |location=Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa |issn=0256-9507 |oclc=8081262364 |doi-access=free }}
* {{cite news |last=Edeme |first=Victoria |title=Chimamanda Adichie Receives Harvard's Highest Honour |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-receives-harvards-highest-honour/ |access-date=5 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Punch]] |date=7 October 2022a |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505231800/https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-receives-harvards-highest-honour/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |last=Edeme |first=Victoria |date=30 December 2022b |title=Pictorial: Chimamanda Adichie receives chieftaincy title in hometown |work=Punch |url=https://punchng.com/pictorial-chimamanda-adichie-receives-chieftaincy-title-in-hometown/ |access-date=11 October 2024 }}
* {{cite news |last=Edwardes |first=Charlotte |date=15 February 2025 |title='Cancel culture? We should stop it. End of story': Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie on backlash, writer's block – and her new baby twins |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/feb/15/cancel-culture-we-should-stop-it-end-of-story-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-on-backlash-writers-block-and-her-two-new-babies |access-date=4 March 2025 }}
* {{cite book |last1=Egbunike |first1=Louisa Uchum |editor1-last=Ememyonu |editor1-first=Ernest N. |editor-link=Ernest Emenyonu |title=A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |date=2017 |publisher=[[James Currey]] |location=Woodbridge, Suffolk |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXkVvgAACAAJ&amp;pg=PA18 |chapter=1. Narrating the Past: Orality, History &amp; the Production of Knowledge in the Works of Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |pages=15–30 |isbn=978-1-84701-162-6}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Ejikeme |first1=Anene |title=The Women of Things Fall Apart, Speaking from a Different Perspective: Chimamanda Adichie's Headstrong Storytellers |journal=Meridians |date=2017 |volume=15 |issue=2 |pages=307–329 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/3/article/672856/pdf |access-date=1 May 2024 |publisher=[[Duke University Press]] |location=Durham, North Carolina |doi=10.2979/meridians.15.2.02 |issn=1536-6936 |oclc=8870766018 |url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required |via=[[Project Muse]]}}
* {{cite web |last=Ekpo |first=Nathan Nathaniel |title='British Women did not own properties, but Igbo Women could trade and own properties'—Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.modernghana.com/nollywood/34094/british-women-did-not-own-properties-but-igbo-women-could.html |access-date=20 May 2024 |website=[[ModernGhana]] |date=7 May 2018 |publisher=Modern Ghana Media Communication Ltd. |location=Accra, Ghana |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517181401/https://www.modernghana.com/nollywood/34094/british-women-did-not-own-properties-but-igbo-women-could.html |archive-date=17 May 2024 |url-status=live }}
*{{cite news |title=El madrileño barrio de la Concepción se une para exigir que no se toque un mural feminista |url=https://www.elmundo.es/madrid/2021/01/24/600da5da21efa05b308b4641.html |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[El Mundo (Spain)|El Mundo]] |agency=[[EFE]] |date=24 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240514214712/https://www.elmundo.es/madrid/2021/01/24/600da5da21efa05b308b4641.html |archive-date=14 May 2024 |location=Madrid, Spain |language=Spanish |trans-title=The Madrid Neighborhood of la Concepción Unites to Demand That a Feminist Mural Not Be Touched |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''El Mundo''|2021}} }}
* {{cite book |last1=Ememyonu |first1=Ernest N. |author-link=Ernest Emenyonu |editor1-last=Ememyonu |editor1-first=Ernest N. |title=A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |date=2017 |publisher=[[James Currey]] |location=Woodbridge, Suffolk |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXkVvgAACAAJ&amp;pg=PA3 |chapter=Introduction |pages=1–14 |isbn=978-1-84701-162-6}}
* {{cite news |last=Erezi |first=Dennis |title=Chimamanda Adichie Delivers Lecture at American University Commencement Ceremony |url=https://guardian.ng/news/chimamanda-adichie-delivers-lecture-at-american-university-commencement-ceremony/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=13 May 2019 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181144/https://guardian.ng/news/chimamanda-adichie-delivers-lecture-at-american-university-commencement-ceremony/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live }}
*{{cite news |last1=Espinoza Cárdenas |first1=Natalia |title=El feminismo da el vamos a Congreso Futuro con charla de Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: &quot;Hay que abrirse a conocer las otras historias&quot; |url=https://www.elmostrador.cl/destacado/2020/01/13/el-feminismo-da-el-vamos-a-congreso-futuro-con-charla-de-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-hay-que-abrirse-a-conocer-las-otras-historias/ |access-date=17 May 2024 |work=[[El Mostrador]] |date=13 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240514214710/https://www.elmostrador.cl/destacado/2020/01/13/el-feminismo-da-el-vamos-a-congreso-futuro-con-charla-de-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-hay-que-abrirse-a-conocer-las-otras-historias/ |archive-date=14 May 2024 |location=Providencia, Chile |language=Spanish |trans-title=Feminism Kicks Off the Future Congress with a Talk by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'We have to be open to knowing the other stories' |url-status=live }}
* {{cite web | last=Ewokor | first=Chris | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Nigeria to hold inquest into death of author's toddler | website=[[BBC]] | date=26 February 2026 | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cwygr2nzdp9o | access-date=14 July 2026 | location=London, UK }}
* {{cite web |last=Felperin |first=Leslie |title=''Half of a Yellow Sun'': London Review |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=11 October 2013 |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/a-yellow-sun-london-review-647828/ |access-date=23 April 2024 |location=Los Angeles, California |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120195053/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/a-yellow-sun-london-review-647828/ |archive-date=20 November 2023 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Wins US National Book Critics Circle Award |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/mar/14/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-national-book-critics-circle-awards |access-date=7 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=14 March 2014 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116001615/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/mar/14/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-national-book-critics-circle-awards |archive-date=16 January 2024 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Wins PEN Pinter Prize |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/jun/12/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wins-pen-pinter-prize |access-date=15 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=12 June 2018a |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240104065757/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/jun/12/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wins-pen-pinter-prize |archive-date=4 January 2024 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Accepts PEN Pinter Prize with Call to Speak Out |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/oct/09/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-accepts-pen-pinter-prize-with-call-to-speak-out |access-date=15 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=9 October 2018b |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802141640/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/oct/09/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-accepts-pen-pinter-prize-with-call-to-speak-out |archive-date=2 August 2023 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |last1=Flood |first1=Alison |title=Binyavanga Wainaina, Kenyan Author and Gay Rights Activist, Dies Aged 48 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/may/22/binyavanga-wainaina-kenyan-author-and-gay-rights-activist-dies-aged-48 |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=22 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230628153712/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/may/22/binyavanga-wainaina-kenyan-author-and-gay-rights-activist-dies-aged-48 |archive-date=28 June 2023 |location=London, UK |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Voted Women's Prize 'Winner of Winners' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/12/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-half-of-a-yellow-sun-voted-womens-prize-winner-of-winners |access-date=19 May 2021 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=12 November 2020 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240105135522/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/12/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-half-of-a-yellow-sun-voted-womens-prize-winner-of-winners |archive-date=5 January 2024 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie to Publish Memoir about Her Father's Death |url=http://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/feb/11/Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-to-publish-memoir-about-her-fathers-death |access-date=27 February 2021 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=11 February 2021a |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230916054818/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/feb/11/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-to-publish-memoir-about-her-fathers-death |archive-date=16 September 2023 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title='It is obscene': Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Pens Blistering Essay against Social Media Sanctimony |url=http://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/jun/16/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-social-media-sanctimony |access-date=30 June 2021 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=16 June 2021b |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629185700/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/jun/16/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-social-media-sanctimony |archive-date=29 June 2021 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite web |title=Four Speakers to Deliver the BBC Radio 4 Reith Lectures 2022 |url=https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/2022/bbc-radio-4-reith-lectures |access-date=2 December 2022 |website=Media Centre |publisher=[[BBC]] |date=30 September 2022 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323035233/https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/2022/bbc-radio-4-reith-lectures |archive-date=23 March 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|BBC Radio|2022}} }}
*{{cite news |last1=Germain |first1=Nicolas |title=Video: Nigerian Author's 'Americanah' Comes to France |url=https://www.france24.com/en/20150123-video-literature-nigerian-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-published-france |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[France 24]] |date=23 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221017231904/https://www.france24.com/en/20150123-video-literature-nigerian-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-published-france |archive-date=17 October 2022 |location=Paris, France |url-status=live }}
* {{cite web | last=Glynn | first=Paul | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Nigerian author 'devastated' by death of young son | website=[[BBC]] | date=8 January 2026 | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c62wx32re2po | access-date=14 July 2026 | location=London, UK }}
* {{cite news |last=Gonçalves |first=Emily |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Talks Feminism and Story-Telling |url=https://vanderbilthustler.com/2019/11/22/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-talks-feminism-and-story-telling/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[The Vanderbilt Hustler]] |date=22 November 2019 |publisher=[[Vanderbilt University]] |location=Nashville, Tennessee |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507030142/https://vanderbilthustler.com/2019/11/22/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-talks-feminism-and-story-telling/ |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite web |last=Gopalakrishnan |first=Manasi |title=Merkel Speaks with Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.dw.com/en/angela-merkel-and-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-in-conversation/a-59131973 |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[Deutsche Welle]] |date=9 September 2021 |location=Bonn, Germany |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231009030959/https://www.dw.com/en/angela-merkel-and-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-in-conversation/a-59131973 |archive-date=9 October 2023 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite web |last=Grady |first=Constance |title=Hillary Clinton and Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Talk Censorship, Feminism, and Pizzagate |url=https://www.vox.com/culture/2018/4/24/17271638/hillary-clinton-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-arthur-miller-freedom-write-pen-america-world-voices |access-date=20 May 2024 |website=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |date=24 April 2018 |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153327/https://www.vox.com/culture/2018/4/24/17271638/hillary-clinton-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-arthur-miller-freedom-write-pen-america-world-voices |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |last=Greenberg |first=Zoe |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Blueprint for Feminism |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/15/books/chimamanda-ngozi-adiche-dear-ijeawele.html |access-date=22 March 2024 |url-access=limited |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=15 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615032303/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/15/books/chimamanda-ngozi-adiche-dear-ijeawele.html |archive-date=15 June 2018 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Hewett |first1=Heather |title=Coming of Age: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie and the Voice of the Third Generation |journal=English in Africa |date=May 2005 |volume=32 |issue=1 |pages=73–97 |jstor=40239030 |issn=0376-8902 |oclc=5878056558}}
* {{cite web |last=Hobdy |first=Dominique |title=Why 'Americanah' Author Chimamanda Ngozi Is All About Nigerian Designers |url=https://www.essence.com/fashion/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wear-nigerian/ |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[Essence (magazine)|Essence.com]] |date=26 October 2020 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507151043/https://www.essence.com/fashion/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wear-nigerian/ |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite magazine |last=Ibeh |first=Chukwuebuka |title=Chimamanda Adichie Debuts Children's Book Under the Pseudonym Nwa Grace James |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2022/04/chimamanda-adichie-debuts-childrens-book-under-the-pseudonym-nwa-grace-james/ |access-date=1 April 2023 |magazine=[[Brittle Paper]] |date=7 April 2022 |publisher=[[Ainehi Edoro]] |location=Chicago, Illinois |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401065833/https://brittlepaper.com/2022/04/chimamanda-adichie-debuts-childrens-book-under-the-pseudonym-nwa-grace-james/ |archive-date=1 April 2023 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |last=Idowu |first=Torera |title=This Is Why Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Is Only Wearing Nigerian Brands |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2017/05/09/africa/chimamanda-wear-nigerian-campaign/index.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=[[CNN]] |date=9 May 2017 |location=Atlanta, Georgia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507151042/https://edition.cnn.com/2017/05/09/africa/chimamanda-wear-nigerian-campaign/index.html |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite web | last=Ige | first=Olugbenga | title=Chimamanda Adichie loses 21-month-old son | website=[[The Punch]] | date=8 January 2026 | url=https://punchng.com/breaking-chimamanda-adichie-loses-son/ | access-date=14 July 2026 | location=Lagos, Nigeria }}
* {{cite journal |editor1-last=Igwe |editor1-first=Chidi |title=Profile: Professor Ernest Nneji Ememyonu |journal=ISA Newsletter |date=Winter 2017 |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=7–10 |url=https://www.igbostudies.org/images/newsletter/isa-newsletter-winter-2017.pdf |access-date=2 May 2024 |publisher=Igbo Studies Association |location=Milwaukee, Wisconsin |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240402022840/https://www.igbostudies.org/images/newsletter/isa-newsletter-winter-2017.pdf |archive-date=2 April 2024 |issn=2375-9720 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |last=Irvine |first=Lindesay |title=Adichie Wins a $500,000 Genius Grant |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2008/sep/24/fiction.awardsandprizes |access-date=22 March 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=24 September 2008 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240322201112/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2008/sep/24/fiction.awardsandprizes |archive-date=22 March 2024 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Ishaya |first1=Yusuf Tsojon |last2=Gunn |first2=Michael |title=Graphology as Style in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's ''The Thing Around Your Neck'' |url=https://www.ajol.info/index.php/lwati/article/view/224185/211488 |journal=LWATI: A Journal of Contemporary Research |date=March 2022 |volume=19 |issue=1 |pages=69–86 |publisher=Universal Academic Services |location=Beijing, China |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109035543/https://www.ajol.info/index.php/lwati/article/download/224185/211488 |archive-date=9 November 2022 |url-status=live |issn=1813-2227 }}
* {{cite web |last=Italie |first=Hillel |title=Tartt, Goodwin Awarded Carnegie Medals |url=http://seattletimes.com/html/books/2023957398_apxbookscarnegiemedals.html |access-date=1 July 2014 |work=[[The Seattle Times]] |agency=[[Associated Press]] |date=30 June 2014 |location=Seattle, Washington |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715012821/http://seattletimes.com/html/books/2023957398_apxbookscarnegiemedals.html |archive-date=15 July 2014 }}
* {{cite news |title=James Nwoye Adichie (1932&amp;nbsp;– 2020) |url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/james-nwoye-adichie-1932-2020/ |access-date=20 May 2021 |newspaper=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]] |date=3 July 2020 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522165157/https://www.sunnewsonline.com/james-nwoye-adichie-1932-2020/ |archive-date=22 May 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The Sun''|2020}} }}
* {{cite web |last=Jaschik |first=Scott |title=Debate at Barnard over Selection of Commencement Speaker |url=https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2016/02/29/debate-barnard-over-selection-commencement-speaker |access-date=7 May 2024 |website=[[Inside Higher Ed]] |date=28 February 2016 |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507165545/https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2016/02/29/debate-barnard-over-selection-commencement-speaker |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite magazine |last=Jones |first=Radhika |author-link=Radhika Jones |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: The World's 100 Most Influential People |url=http://time.com/3823296/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-2015-time-100/ |access-date=14 December 2015 |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=16 April 2015 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120210148/http://time.com/3823296/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-2015-time-100/ |archive-date=20 November 2015 }}
* {{cite web |title=Keynote: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://rikk.hi.is/en/opinn-fyrirlestur-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |website=RIKK |date=7 September 2021 |publisher=Reykjavík Institute for Gender, Equality and Difference |location=Reykjavík, Iceland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517223941/https://rikk.hi.is/en/opinn-fyrirlestur-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=17 May 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|RIKK|2021}} }}
*{{cite news |last=Kiene |first=Aimée |title=Ngozi Adichie: Beyoncé's Feminism Isn't My Feminism |url=http://www.volkskrant.nl/boeken/ngozi-adichie-beyonce-s-feminism-isn-t-my-feminism~a4390684/ |access-date=20 November 2020 |url-access=subscription |work=[[De Volkskrant]] |date=7 October 2016 |location=Amsterdam, Netherlands }}
* {{cite news |last=Kumolu |first=Charles |title=Chimamanda: From Pushing Boundaries to Harvard's Highest Honour |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] |date=2 October 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/10/chimamanda-from-pushing-boundaries-to-harvards-highest-honour/ |access-date=22 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240515170059/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/10/chimamanda-from-pushing-boundaries-to-harvards-highest-honour/ |archive-date=15 May 2024 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |last=Law |first=Katie |title=Zikora: A Short Story by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Review: A Taut Tale of Sexism and Single Motherhood |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/culture/books/zikora-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-book-review-a4573312.html |access-date=6 November 2020 |newspaper=[[Evening Standard]] |date=29 October 2020 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407183223/https://www.standard.co.uk/culture/books/zikora-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-book-review-a4573312.html |archive-date=7 April 2023 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Lecznar |first1=Matthew |title=Texts, Talks and Tailoring: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Fashion Politics |journal=[[Celebrity Studies]] |date=February 2017 |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=167–171 |doi=10.1080/19392397.2016.1275324 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19392397.2016.1275324 |access-date=13 May 2024 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire |issn=1939-2397 |oclc=7181681870 |url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required|via=[[Taylor &amp; Francis]]}}
* {{cite web | last=Lee | first=Helena | title=Dream Count by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: interview and release date | website=[[Harper's Bazaar#Harper's Bazaar UK|Harper's BAZAAR]] | date=5 March 2025 | url=https://www.harpersbazaar.com/uk/culture/a63957572/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-interview-dream-count/ | access-date=14 July 2026 | location=London, UK }}
* {{cite news |last=Lee |first=Nicole |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'Fear of Causing Offence Becomes a Fetish' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/may/11/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-fear-causing-offence-a-fetish |access-date=23 April 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=11 May 2015 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231102142352/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/may/11/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-fear-causing-offence-a-fetish |archive-date=2 November 2023 }}
*{{cite news |title=Libros infantiles para celebrar el Día de la Mujer |url=https://www.diariodesevilla.es/vivirensevilla/Libros-infantiles-celebrar-Dia-Mujer_0_1443155914.html |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[Diario de Sevilla]] |date=6 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221205144422/https://www.diariodesevilla.es/vivirensevilla/Libros-infantiles-celebrar-Dia-Mujer_0_1443155914.html |archive-date=5 December 2022 |location=Seville, Spain |language=Spanish |trans-title=Children's Books to Celebrate Women's Day |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Diario de Sevilla''|2020}} }}
* {{cite news |last=Lozada |first=Carlos |author-link=Carlos Lozada (journalist) |title=In Grieving for Her Father, a Novelist Discovers the Failure of Words |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2021/05/06/adichiegrief/ |access-date=17 June 2021 |url-access=limited |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=6 May 2021 |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210618195627/https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2021/05/06/adichiegrief/ |archive-date=18 June 2021 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite journal |last=Luckett |first=Jeanne B. |title=Practical Matters |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/212/article/700238/pdf |access-date=20 May 2024 |doi=10.1353/ewr.2018.0012 |journal=Eudora Welty Review |date=Spring 2018 |volume=10 |pages=155–163 |publisher=[[University of Pennsylvania Press]] |location=Philadelphia, Pennsylvania |issn=1947-3370 |oclc=9983914051 |url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required |via=[[Project Muse]]}}
* {{cite magazine |last=MacFarquhar |first=Larissa |author-link=Larissa MacFarquhar |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Comes to Terms with Global Fame |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2018/06/04/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-comes-to-terms-with-global-fame |access-date=17 June 2021 |url-access=limited |magazine=[[The New Yorker|New Yorker.com]] |date=28 May 2018 |location=New York City, New York }}
* {{cite journal |last=Madueke |first=Sylvia Ijeoma |title=On Translating Postcolonial African Writing: French Translation of Chimamanda Adichie's Half of a Yellow Sun |url=https://doaj.org/article/70e665defd2c44a894279e67311f3d6a |doi=10.21992/tc29446 |journal=TranscUlturAl |volume=11 |issue=1 |date=August 2019 |pages=49–66 |publisher=[[University of Alberta]] |location=Edmonton, Alberta |issn=1920-0323 |oclc=8615550149 |doi-access=free }}
* {{cite news |last=Majendie |first=Paul |title=Nigerian Author Wins Top Women's Fiction Prize |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/entertainmentNews/idUSL0627938220070606/ |access-date=7 May 2024 |work=[[Reuters]] |date=9 August 2007 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802141704/https://www.reuters.com/article/entertainmentNews/idUSL0627938220070606 |archive-date=2 August 2023 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite magazine |last=Malec |first=Jennifer |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Pays Touching Tribute to Binyavanga Wainaina: 'A great and rare and genuine talent' |url=https://johannesburgreviewofbooks.com/2017/07/26/the-jrb-daily-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-pays-touching-tribute-to-binyavanga-wainaina-a-great-and-rare-and-genuine-talent/ |access-date=21 February 2021 |magazine=[[The Johannesburg Review of Books]] |date=26 July 2017 |publisher=Ben Williams Publishing |location=Johannesburg, South Africa |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202193256/https://johannesburgreviewofbooks.com/2017/07/26/the-jrb-daily-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-pays-touching-tribute-to-binyavanga-wainaina-a-great-and-rare-and-genuine-talent/ |archive-date=2 December 2020 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite journal |last=Mannur |first=Anita |title=The Danger of a Singular Fashion: Studies of Race, Fashion, and Beauty in American Studies |doi=10.1353/aq.2017.0034 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/1/article/663338/pdf |access-date=9 May 2024 |journal=[[American Quarterly]] |date=June 2017 |volume=69 |issue=2 |pages=411–420 |publisher=[[Johns Hopkins University Press]] |location=Baltimore, Marylan |jstor=26360860 |issn=0003-0678 |oclc=7075078562 |url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required|via=[[Project Muse]]}}
* {{cite web |last=Martin |first=Michel |author-link=Michel Martin |title=Feminism Is Fashionable for Nigerian Writer Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.npr.org/2014/03/18/291133080/news-maker |access-date=5 April 2018 |website=[[Tell Me More]] |publisher=[[NPR]] |date=18 March 2014 |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190928211656/https://www.npr.org/2014/03/18/291133080/news-maker |archive-date=28 September 2019 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Mbah |first1=Victor Chukwudi |title=Themes and Techniques in African Novel: A Review of Ngozi Chimamanda Adichie's Half of a Yellow Sun |journal=Ansu Journal of Language and Literary Studies |date=2015 |volume=1 |issue=2 |pages=345–359 |url=https://ezenwaohaetorc.org/journals/index.php/AJLLS/article/view/215 |access-date=28 April 2024 |publisher=[[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University]] |location=Uli, Anambra, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231116025502/https://ezenwaohaetorc.org/journals/index.php/AJLLS/article/view/215 |archive-date=16 November 2023 |issn=2465-7352 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |last=McGrath |first=Charles |author-link=Charles McGrath (critic) |title=No Life Away from Her Books |url=https://www.theage.com.au/entertainment/books/no-life-away-from-her-books-20061008-ge39zh.html |access-date=22 April 2024 |url-access=limited |work=[[The Age]] |agency=[[The New York Times|New York Times Agency]] |date=8 October 2006 |location=Melbourne, Australia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240416174943/https://www.theage.com.au/entertainment/books/no-life-away-from-her-books-20061008-ge39zh.html |archive-date=16 April 2024 |url-status=live }}
*{{cite news |last1=Medeossi |first1=Paolo |title=Amore e guerraal tempo del Biafra |url=https://messaggeroveneto.gelocal.it/udine/cronaca/2009/01/29/news/amore_e_guerraal_tempo_del_biafra-4054228/ |access-date=17 May 2024 |work=[[Messaggero Veneto]] |date=29 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517131110/https://messaggeroveneto.gelocal.it/udine/cronaca/2009/01/29/news/amore_e_guerraal_tempo_del_biafra-4054228/ |archive-date=17 May 2024 |location=Udine, Italy |language=Italian |trans-title=Love and War in the Time of Biafra |url-status=live }}
* {{cite magazine |last=Medrano |first=Kastalia |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Continues To Be the Hero We Need |url=https://time.com/4587844/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-elle-fashion-week/ |access-date=9 May 2024 |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=1 December 2016 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231220063359/https://time.com/4587844/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-elle-fashion-week/ |archive-date=20 December 2023 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |title=Meghan Markle Puts Sinéad Burke on the Cover of Vogue's September Issue |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/fashion/meghan-markle-puts-sin%C3%A9ad-burke-on-the-cover-of-vogue-s-september-issue-1.3970604 |access-date=31 July 2019 |newspaper=[[The Irish Times]] |date=29 July 2019 |location=Dublin, Ireland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190729141808/https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/fashion/meghan-markle-puts-sin%C3%A9ad-burke-on-the-cover-of-vogue-s-september-issue-1.3970604 |archive-date=29 July 2019 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The Irish Times''|2019}} }}
* {{cite book |last=Mullane |first=Janet |editor-last=Trudeau |editor-first=Lawrence J. |title=Contemporary Literary Criticism |volume=364 |date=2014 |publisher=[[Cengage Group|Cengage Learning]] |location=Farmington Hills, Michigan |chapter=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |chapter-url=https://www.gale.com/intl/databases-explored/literature/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie |isbn=978-1-4144-9987-1}}
* {{cite news |last=Murray |first=Senan |title=The New Face of Nigerian Literature? |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/6731387.stm |access-date=26 August 2022 |work=[[BBC News]] |date=8 June 2007 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221122124722/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/6731387.stm |archive-date=22 November 2022 |url-status=live }}
*{{cite journal |last1=Musila |first1=Grace A. |title=Review: Ernest E. Emenyonu (editor), A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie. Woodbridge: James Currey (hb £30 – 978 1 84701 162 6; pb £17.99 – 978 1 84701 241 8). 2017, xii + 300 pp. |journal=[[Africa (journal)|Africa]] |date=August 2020 |volume=90 |issue=4 |pages=805–807 |doi=10.1017/S0001972020000467 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/A67F660512A187CF243A562962E5C76D/S0001972020000467a.pdf/ernest-e-emenyonu-editor-a-companion-to-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-woodbridge-james-currey-hb-pound30-978-1-84701-162-6-pb-pound1799-978-1-84701-241-8-2017-xii-300-pp.pdf |access-date=18 May 2024 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |location=Cambridge, Cambridgeshire |issn=0001-9720 |oclc=8639113471 }}
* {{cite book |last1=Ndula |first1=Janet |editor1-last=Ememyonu |editor1-first=Ernest N. |editor-link=Ernest Emenyonu |title=A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |date=2017 |publisher=[[James Currey]] |location=Woodbridge, Suffolk |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXkVvgAACAAJ&amp;pg=PA18 |chapter=2. Deconstructing Binary Oppositions of Gender in ''Purple Hibiscus '': A Review of Religious/Traditional Superiority &amp; Silence |pages=31–44 |isbn=978-1-84701-162-6}}
* {{cite journal |last=Nwankwọ |first=Izuu |title=Traditions of Naming in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Fiction |url=https://www.postcolonial.org/index.php/pct/article/download/2803/2612 |journal=Postcolonial Text |volume=18 |issue=3 |pages=1–17 |date=2023 |publisher=[[Sorbonne Paris North University]] |location=Villetaneuse, France |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240330225125/https://www.postcolonial.org/index.php/pct/article/download/2803/2612 |archive-date=30 March 2024 |issn=1705-9100 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite magazine |last=Obi-Young |first=Otosirieze |author-link=Otosirieze Obi-Young |title=As Sales Approach the Million Mark, Is Americanah Now Adichie's Signature Novel? |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2017/03/sales-approach-million-mark-americanah-adichies-signature/ |access-date=1 April 2023 |magazine=[[Brittle Paper]] |date=27 March 2017 |publisher=[[Ainehi Edoro]] |location=Chicago, Illinois |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327030356/https://brittlepaper.com/2017/03/sales-approach-million-mark-americanah-adichies-signature/ |archive-date=27 March 2024 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite magazine |last=Obi-Young |first=Otosirieze |author-link=Otosirieze Obi-Young |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Purple Hibiscus Turns 15: The Best Moments of a Modern Classic |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2018/10/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-purple-hibiscus-turns-15-the-best-moments-of-a-modern-classic/ |access-date=27 March 2024 |magazine=[[Brittle Paper]] |date=15 October 2018 |publisher=[[Ainehi Edoro]] |location=Chicago, Illinois |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327030329/https://brittlepaper.com/2018/10/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-purple-hibiscus-turns-15-the-best-moments-of-a-modern-classic/ |archive-date=27 March 2024 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite magazine |last=Obi-Young |first=Otosirieze |author-link=Otosirieze Obi-Young |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Is in a Different Place Now |url=https://opencountrymag.com/cover-story-sept-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-is-in-a-different-place-now/ |access-date=31 March 2024 |magazine=[[Open Country Mag]] |date=20 September 2021 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230602084010/https://opencountrymag.com/cover-story-sept-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-is-in-a-different-place-now/ |archive-date=2 June 2023 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite magazine |last=Obi-Young |first=Otosirieze |author-link=Otosirieze Obi-Young |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Children's Picture Book Coming in 2023 |url=https://opencountrymag.com/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-childrens-picture-book-coming-in-2023/ |access-date=1 April 2023 |website=Open Country Mag |date=4 April 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401065834/https://opencountrymag.com/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-childrens-picture-book-coming-in-2023/ |archive-date=1 April 2023 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite web | last=Oduah | first=Henry | title=Coroner suspends inquest into death of Chimamanda's son | website=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] | date=5 May 2026 | url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2026/05/coroner-suspends-inquest-into-death-of-chimamandas-son/ | access-date=14 July 2026 | location=Lagos, Nigeria }}
*{{cite journal |last1=Ogwude |first1=Sophia O. |title=History and Ideology in Chimamanda Adichie's Fiction |journal=[[Tydskrif vir Letterkunde]] |date=February 2011 |volume=48 |issue=1 |pages=110–123 |doi=10.4314/tvl.v48i1.63824 |url=https://scielo.org.za/pdf/tvl/v48n1/v48n1a09.pdf |access-date=17 May 2024 |publisher=[[University of Pretoria]] |location=Pretoria, South Africa |issn=0041-476X |oclc=923961739 }}
* {{cite web |last=Okachie |first=Leonard |title=Chimamanda Selected as Radcliffe Fellow |url=https://www.radcliffe.harvard.edu/news/in-news/chimamanda-selected-radcliffe-fellow |access-date=16 January 2017 |website=[[Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study|Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study News]] |date=19 May 2011 |publisher=[[Harvard University]] |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |archive-date=16 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191016180456/https://www.radcliffe.harvard.edu/news/in-news/chimamanda-selected-radcliffe-fellow |accessdate=14 July 2026 |archivedate=16 October 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191016180456/https://www.radcliffe.harvard.edu/news/in-news/chimamanda-selected-radcliffe-fellow }}
* {{cite web |last=Okafor |first=Chinedu |title=Chimamanda Adichie Comes under Same Fire as Rowling over Transphobia |url=https://ynaija.com/Chimamanda-Adichie-comes-under-same-fire-as-rowling-over-transphobia/ |access-date=20 November 2020 |website=[[YNaija]] |date=17 November 2020 |publisher=Generation Y! |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://archive.today/20201120105742/https://ynaija.com/chimamanda-adichie-comes-under-same-fire-as-rowling-over-transphobia/ |archive-date=20 November 2020 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite web | last=Okafor | first=Makuochi | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's family accuses Euracare Hospital of negligence over son's death | website=[[BBC]] | date=10 January 2026 | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c0lx09e618yo | access-date=11 January 2026 }}
* {{cite web | last=Okogba | first=Emmanuel | title=Chimamanda becomes first woman to receive chieftaincy title in hometown | website=Vanguard News | date=1 January 2023 | url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2023/01/chimamanda-becomes-first-woman-to-receive-chieftaincy-title-in-hometown/ | access-date=16 February 2025 }}
* {{cite journal |last=Okolo |first=Luke Ndudi |title=Thematic and Stylistic Analysis of Chimamanda Adichie's Purple Hibiscus |url=https://journals.ezenwaohaetorc.org/index.php/AJLLS/article/view/236 |access-date=23 April 2024 |journal=Ansu Journal of Language and Literary Studies |volume=1 |issue=3 |date=2016 |pages=1–13 |publisher=[[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University]] |location=Uli, Anambra, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240324124655/https://journals.ezenwaohaetorc.org/index.php/AJLLS/article/view/236 |archive-date=24 March 2024 |issn=2465-7352 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |last=Olaiya |first=Tope Templer |title=Chimamanda Adichie Did Not Accept National Honour, Team Confirms |url=https://editor.guardian.ng/news/chimamanda-adichie-did-not-accept-national-honour-team-confirms/ |access-date=14 October 2022 |work=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=13 October 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802142103/https://editor.guardian.ng/news/chimamanda-adichie-did-not-accept-national-honour-team-confirms/ |archive-date=2 August 2023 }}
* {{cite news |last=Olaopa |first=Tunji |title=An Encounter with Toyin Falola: Between Celebration and Canonization of Intellectuals |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2022/11/27/an-encounter-with-toyin-falola-between-celebration-and-canonization-of-intellectuals/ |access-date=4 December 2022 |work=[[This Day]] |date=27 November 2022 |location=Apapa, Lagos |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204235846/https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2022/11/27/an-encounter-with-toyin-falola-between-celebration-and-canonization-of-intellectuals/ |archive-date=4 December 2022 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite web | last=Olonilua | first=Ademola | title=ICYMI: My parents did not name me Chimamanda, says author, Adichie | website=[[The Punch]] | date=2 January 2021 | url=https://punchng.com/my-parents-did-not-name-me-chimamanda-says-author-adichie/ | access-date=14 July 2026 | location=Lagos, Nigeria }}
* {{cite journal |last=Ordu |first=Stanley |title=Womanism and Patriarchy in Chimamanda Adichie's ''Purple Hibiscus'' |url=https://www.litinfinite.com/wp-content/uploads/7_Stanley-Ordu-_61_73.pdf |access-date=3 May 2022 |doi=10.47365/litinfinite.3.2.2021.61-73 |journal=Litinfinite Journal |volume=3 |issue=2 |date=December 2021 |pages=61–73 |publisher=Supriyo Chakraborty Penprints Publications |location=Kolkata, India |issn=2582-0400 |oclc=9455975886 }}
* {{cite news |last=Parnass |first=Larry |title=Nigerian Author Adichie Urges Williams Grads to Commit to Social Justice |url=https://www.berkshireeagle.com/archives/nigerian-author-adichie-urges-williams-grads-to-commit-to-social-justice/article_83ec0753-03f4-5353-abb9-9e2d01a8cc15.html |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[The Berkshire Eagle]] |date=4 June 2017 |location=Pittsfield, Massachusetts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181145/https://www.berkshireeagle.com/archives/nigerian-author-adichie-urges-williams-grads-to-commit-to-social-justice/article_83ec0753-03f4-5353-abb9-9e2d01a8cc15.html |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |last=Pazzanese |first=Christina |title=Adichie: 'Protect and Value the Truth': Class Day Speaker Urges Graduating Seniors to Embrace That Principle in Their Own Lives |url=https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2018/05/harvards-class-day-speaker-urges-students-to-protect-and-value-the-truth-in-their-own-lives/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[Harvard Gazette]] |date=24 May 2018 |publisher=[[Harvard University]] |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181153/https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2018/05/harvards-class-day-speaker-urges-students-to-protect-and-value-the-truth-in-their-own-lives/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |last=Pearce |first=Katie |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Talks Politics, Race, and Writing at Johns Hopkins |url=https://hub.jhu.edu/2017/02/09/chimamanda-adichie-fas-hopkins/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=The Hub |date=9 February 2017 |publisher=[[Johns Hopkins University]] |location=Baltimore, Maryland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181145/https://hub.jhu.edu/2017/02/09/chimamanda-adichie-fas-hopkins/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |last=Pongsajapan |first=Robert |title=Award-Winning Author Adichie Explores Faith, Feminism at Georgetown Event |url=https://www.georgetown.edu/news/award-winning-author-adichie-explores-faith-feminism-at-georgetown-event/ |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=Georgetown University News |date=17 March 2017 |publisher=[[Georgetown University]] |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231001085251/https://www.georgetown.edu/news/award-winning-author-adichie-explores-faith-feminism-at-georgetown-event/ |archive-date=1 October 2023 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite web |title=Previous Winners |url=http://www.caineprize.com/winners_02.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091212075827/http://www.caineprize.com/winners_02.php |archive-date=12 December 2009 |website=[[Caine Prize]] |date=2009 |publisher=The Caine Prize for African Writing |location=London, UK |ref={{sfnref|Caine Prize|2009}} |accessdate=14 July 2026 |archivedate=12 August 2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130812074229/http://www.caineprize.com/winners_02.php }}
* {{cite magazine |last=Richardson |first=Catherine |title=Dayton Literary Peace Prize |url=https://go.gale.com/ps/anonymous?id=GALE%7CA247445488 |access-date=7 May 2024 |magazine=[[Poets &amp; Writers Magazine]] |volume=39 |issue=1 |date=January–February 2011 |publisher=[[Poets &amp; Writers|Poets &amp; Writers Inc.]] |location=New York City, New York |issn=0891-6136 |id={{Gale|A247445488}} }}
* {{cite web |last=Ring |first=Trudy |title=Novelist Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Goes Anti-Trans Again |url=https://www.advocate.com/transgender/2022/12/02/novelist-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-goes-anti-trans-again |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[The Advocate (magazine)|Advocate.com]] |date=2 December 2022 |publisher=Pride Media |location=Los Angeles, California |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510185048/https://www.advocate.com/transgender/2022/12/02/novelist-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-goes-anti-trans-again |archive-date=10 May 2024 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite magazine |last=Rios |first=Carmen |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Warns Humanitarians About the Danger of a Single Story |url=http://msmagazine.com/2019/10/21/the-danger-of-a-single-story-at-our-borders-and-in-our-movements/ |access-date=10 May 2024 |magazine=[[Ms. (magazine)|Ms.]] |date=21 October 2019 |publisher=[[Feminist Majority Foundation|Liberty Media for Women, LLC]] |location=Arlington, Virginia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240511180515/http://msmagazine.com/2019/10/21/the-danger-of-a-single-story-at-our-borders-and-in-our-movements/ |archive-date=11 May 2024 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Roifah |first1=Miftahur |title=Becoming a Mother: The Transition to Motherhood in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's 'Zikora' |journal=Prosodi |date=October 2021 |volume=15 |issue=2 |pages=178–185 |doi=10.21107/prosodi.v15i2.12184 |url=https://journal.trunojoyo.ac.id/prosodi/article/view/12184 |access-date=3 May 2024 |publisher=[[University of Trunojoyo Madura]] |location=Bangkalan, Indonesia |issn=1907-6665 |doi-access=free }}
*{{cite news |last1=Rojas |first1=Juan Carlos |title=Chimamanda vino al Hay Festival para reivindicar a la mujer negra |url=https://www.eltiempo.com/colombia/otras-ciudades/chimamanda-vino-al-hay-festival-para-reivindicar-a-la-mujer-negra-de-cartagena-y-coloambia-322564 |access-date=17 May 2024 |work=[[El Tiempo (Colombia)|El Tiempo]] |date=4 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231201062218/https://www.eltiempo.com/colombia/otras-ciudades/chimamanda-vino-al-hay-festival-para-reivindicar-a-la-mujer-negra-de-cartagena-y-coloambia-322564 |archive-date=1 December 2023 |location=Bogotá, Colombia |language=Spanish |trans-title=Chimamanda Came to the Hay Festival to Vindicate Black Women |url-status=live }}
* {{cite web |last=Ryan |first=Lisa |title=Here's Why Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Is Wearing Only Nigerian Brands |url=https://www.thecut.com/2017/05/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wear-nigerian-fashion.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[The Cut (New York)|The Cut]] |date=8 May 2017 |publisher=[[New York (magazine)|New York Magazine]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231205212547/https://www.thecut.com/2017/05/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wear-nigerian-fashion.html |archive-date=5 December 2023 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |last=Saeed |first=Saeed |title=Frankfurt Book Fair Discussions Focus on Female Authors, Diversity and Responsibility of Publishers |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/arts-culture/books/frankfurt-book-fair-discussions-focus-on-female-authors-diversity-and-responsibility-of-publishers-1.780496 |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[The National (Abu Dhabi)|The National]] |date=15 October 2018 |location=Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519161331/https://www.thenationalnews.com/arts-culture/books/frankfurt-book-fair-discussions-focus-on-female-authors-diversity-and-responsibility-of-publishers-1.780496 |archive-date=19 May 2024 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |last=Safronova |first=Valeriya |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Talks Beauty, Femininity and Feminism |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/28/fashion/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-boots-no7-makeup.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |url-access=limited |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=28 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240322210719/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/28/fashion/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-boots-no7-makeup.html |archive-date=22 March 2024 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |last=Sam-Duru |first=Prisca |title=Chimamanda Adichie, a Growing Literary Prodigy |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/01/chimamanda-adichie-growing-literary-prodigy/ |access-date=23 April 2024 |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] |date=22 January 2014 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802142100/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/01/chimamanda-adichie-growing-literary-prodigy/ |archive-date=2 August 2023 |url-status=live }}
*{{cite news |last1=Sarr |first1=Lucie |title=African Feminist Reflects on 'Fratelli Tutti' in Vatican Paper |url=https://www.ncronline.org/news/people/african-feminist-reflects-fratelli-tutti-vatican-paper |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[National Catholic Reporter]] |date=4 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231202110622/https://www.ncronline.org/news/people/african-feminist-reflects-fratelli-tutti-vatican-paper |archive-date=2 December 2023 |location=Kansas City, Missouri |url-status=live }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Sebola |first1=Moffat |title=Some Reflections on Selected Themes in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Fiction and Her Feminist Manifesto |journal=Literator |date=May 2022 |volume=43 |issue=1 |doi=10.4102/lit.v43i1.1723 |url=https://literator.org.za/index.php/literator/article/view/1723 |access-date=4 May 2024 |publisher=Bureau for Scholarly Journals |location=Potchefstroom, South Africa |issn=0258-2279 |oclc=9627424976 |doi-access=free }}
* {{cite web |last=Sefa-Boakye |first=Jennifer |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Co-Curates PEN World Voices Festival in NYC with Focus on African Literature |url=https://pen.org/press-clip/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-co-curates-pen-world-voices-festival-in-nyc-with-focus-on-african-literature/ |access-date=23 April 2024 |website=[[PEN America]] |date=17 February 2015 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231102152943/https://pen.org/press-clip/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-co-curates-pen-world-voices-festival-in-nyc-with-focus-on-african-literature/ |archive-date=2 November 2023 |url-status=live |accessdate=14 July 2026 |archivedate=2 November 2023 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231102152943/https://pen.org/press-clip/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-co-curates-pen-world-voices-festival-in-nyc-with-focus-on-african-literature/ }}
* {{cite news |last=Shariatmadari |first=David |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Religious Leaders Must Help End Nigeria Violence |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jan/13/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-nigeria-leaders |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=13 January 2012 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200129154612/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jan/13/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-nigeria-leaders |archive-date=29 January 2020 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Sharobeem |first1=Heba M. |title=Space as the Representation of Cultural Conflict and Gender Relations in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's ''The Thing Around Your Neck'' |journal=Rocky Mountain Review |date=Spring 2015 |volume=69 |issue=1 |pages=18–36 |doi=10.1353/rmr.2015.a580802 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/143/article/580802/pdf |access-date=1 May 2024 |publisher=Rocky Mountain Modern Language Association |location=Pullman, Washington |issn=1948-2825 |oclc=7791796472 |url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required |via=[[Project Muse]]}}
* {{cite news |last=Shilling |first=Jane |title=The Thing Around Your Neck by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Review |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/bookreviews/5094748/The-Thing-Around-Your-Neck-by-Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-Review.html |access-date=29 April 2024 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=2 April 2009 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329094106/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/bookreviews/5094748/The-Thing-Around-Your-Neck-by-Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-Review.html |archive-date=29 March 2024 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |last=Stephen-David |first=Pembi |title=Chimamanda Adichie – Toeing the Line of Literary Giants |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201306070144.html |access-date=17 May 2024 |work=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]] |agency=[[AllAfrica]] |date=7 June 2013 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |id={{Gale|A332826978}} }}
*{{cite journal |last1=Stobie |first1=Cheryl |title=Taking wing: Vulnerability and queer/trans resistance in ''The Thirty Names of Night'' by Zeyn Joukhadar |journal=Safundi |date=October 2021 |volume=22 |issue=4 |pages=353–374 |doi=10.1080/17533171.2022.2062173 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17533171.2022.2062173 |access-date=14 May 2024 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire |issn=1543-1304 |oclc=9619990616 |url-access=subscription }}
* {{cite news |last=Streeter |first=Leslie Gray |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Notes on Grief Captures the Bewildering Messiness of Loss – Review |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/reviews/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-notes-on-grief-b1846822.html |access-date=23 April 2024 |work=[[The Independent]] |date=16 May 2021 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230902021830/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/reviews/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-notes-on-grief-b1846822.html |archive-date=2 September 2023 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |title=The 10 Best Books of 2013 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/15/books/review/the-10-best-books-of-2013.html |access-date=23 April 2024 |url-access=limited |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=4 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240418002846/https://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/15/books/review/the-10-best-books-of-2013.html |archive-date=18 April 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The New York Times''|2013}} }}
* {{cite magazine |title=The 2016 International Best Dressed List |url=https://archive.vanityfair.com/article/2016/10/the-2016-international-best-dressed-list |access-date=9 May 2024 |magazine=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]] |date=1 October 2016 |pages=125–151 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240424093349/https://archive.vanityfair.com/article/2016/10/the-2016-international-best-dressed-list |archive-date=24 April 2024 |issn=0733-8899 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Vanity Fair''|2016}} }}
* {{cite web |title=The Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Parents' Memoirs (2) Knowing Each Other before You Marry |url=https://sunnewsonline.com/the-chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-parents-memoirs-2-knowing-each-other-before-you-marry/ |interviewer=Chika Abanobi |access-date=1 April 2024 |website=[[Sun News (Nigeria)|The Sun]] |date=14 September 2019 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240401152741/https://sunnewsonline.com/the-chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-parents-memoirs-2-knowing-each-other-before-you-marry/ |archive-date=1 April 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The Sun''|2019}} }}
* {{cite web |title=The Thing Around Your Neck: Stories |url=https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/the-thing-around-your-neck/ |access-date=14 August 2022 |website=[[Kirkus Reviews|Kirkus Reviews.com]] |date=1 May 2009 |publisher=Kirkus Media |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814121050/https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/the-thing-around-your-neck/ |archive-date=14 August 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Kirkus Reviews''|2009}} }}
* {{cite web |title=Top 10 Nigerians in Africa Report's 100 Most Influential Africans |url=http://venturesafrica.com/top-10-nigerians-in-africa-reports-100-most-influential-africans/ |access-date=5 January 2021 |website=Ventures Africa |date=9 October 2019 |location=Maitama, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220321064651/https://venturesafrica.com/top-10-nigerians-in-africa-reports-100-most-influential-africans/ |archive-date=21 March 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Ventures Africa''|2019}} |last1=Africa |first1=Ventures }}
* {{cite book |last=Tunca |first=Daria |editor1-last=Gyssels |editor1-first=Kathleen |editor2-last=Ledent |editor2-first=Bénédicte |title=Présence africaine en Europe et au-delà |trans-title=African Presence in Europe and Beyond |date=2010 |publisher=[[Éditions L'Harmattan]] |location=Paris, France |chapter=Of French Fries and Cookies: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Diasporic Short Fiction |chapter-url=https://orbi.uliege.be/bitstream/2268/33339/1/Tunca_Adichie_African.pdf |pages=291–309 |isbn=978-2-296-12803-3}}
* {{cite book |last=Tunca |first=Daria |editor1-last=Gates Jr |editor1-first=Henry Louis |editor1-link=Henry Louis Gates Jr. |editor2-last=Akyeampong |editor2-first=Emmanuel K. |editor2-link=Emmanuel K. Akyeampong |title=Dictionary of African Biography |volume=1: Abach-Brand |date=2011 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York, New York |chapter=Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi (1977) |pages=94–95 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=39JMAgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA94 |isbn=978-0-19-538207-5}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Tunca |first1=Daria |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie as Chinua Achebe's (Unruly) Literary Daughter: The Past, Present, and Future of 'Adichebean' Criticism |journal=[[Research in African Literatures]] |date=Winter 2018 |volume=49 |issue=4 |pages=107–126 |doi=10.2979/reseafrilite.49.4.08 |jstor=10.2979/reseafrilite.49.4.08 |hdl=2268/233956 |issn=0034-5210 |oclc=9969832851 |url=https://orbi.uliege.be/bitstream/2268/233956/1/Tunca_Adichie_Achebe_RAL.pdf }}
* Urujzian, Vero-Ekpris Gladstone. &quot;Proverbs and metaphors as discursive strategies in selected novels by Achebe and Adichie.&quot; ''LWATI: A Journal of Contemporary Research'' 20, no. 1 (2023): 72–86.
* {{cite web |last=Ufuoma |first=Vincent |title=Buhari to Confer National Honours on Chimamanda Adichie, 436 Others |url=https://www.icirnigeria.org/buhari-to-confers-national-award-on-chimamanda-adichie-436-others/ |access-date=7 May 2024 |website=International Centre for Investigative Reporting |date=2 October 2022 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507165542/https://www.icirnigeria.org/buhari-to-confers-national-award-on-chimamanda-adichie-436-others/ |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |editor-last=Useni |editor-first=Mohammed |title=Anti-Gay Law: Chimamanda Adichie Writes, 'Why can't he just be like everyone else?' |url=http://newswirengr.com/2014/02/19/anti-gay-law-chimamanda-adichie-writes-why-cant-he-just-be-like-everyone-else/ |access-date=21 February 2021 |agency=[[NewswireNGR]] |date=19 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231209073447/https://newswirengr.com/2014/02/19/anti-gay-law-chimamanda-adichie-writes-why-cant-he-just-be-like-everyone-else/ |archive-date=9 December 2023 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Vanzanten |first1=Susan |title='The Headstrong Historian': Writing with Things Fall Apart |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_research-in-african-literatures_summer-2015_46_2/page/85 |journal=[[Research in African Literatures]] |date=Summer 2015 |volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=85–103 |doi=10.2979/reseafrilite.46.2.85 |jstor=10.2979/reseafrilite.46.2.85 |issn=0034-5210 |oclc=5827202813}}
* {{cite web | title=Video: Nigerian author's 'Americanah' comes to France | website=[[France 24]] | date=23 January 2015 | location=[[Paris]], France | url=https://www.france24.com/en/20150123-video-literature-nigerian-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-published-france | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251223090705/https://www.france24.com/en/20150123-video-literature-nigerian-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-published-france | archive-date=23 December 2025 | url-status=live | ref={{sfnref|France 24|2015}} | access-date=23 December 2025 }}
* {{cite magazine |last=Wagner |first=Erica |author-link=Erica Wagner |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'I Wanted To Claim My Own Name' |url=https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-novelist-ted-speaker-interview |access-date=10 May 2024 |magazine=[[British Vogue]] |date=3 November 2015 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231018140532/https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-novelist-ted-speaker-interview |archive-date=18 October 2023 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite web |last=Weatherford |first=Ashley |title=Chimamanda Adichie Talks Black Hair and the Narrow Definition of Beauty |url=https://www.thecut.com/2016/12/chimamanda-adichie-on-black-hair-and-redefining-beauty.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[The Cut (New York)|The Cut]] |date=8 December 2016 |publisher=[[New York (magazine)|New York Magazine]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130085834/https://www.thecut.com/2016/12/chimamanda-adichie-on-black-hair-and-redefining-beauty.html |archive-date=30 November 2023 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite web |last=Weller |first=Chris |title=New Yorkers Just Selected a Book for the Entire City to Read in America's Biggest Book Club |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/one-book-one-new-york-book-club-2017-3 |access-date=22 March 2024 |website=[[Business Insider|Business Insider UK]] |date=16 March 2017 |location=London, UK |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171024040152/http://uk.businessinsider.com/one-book-one-new-york-book-club-2017-3 |archive-date=24 October 2017 }}
*{{cite journal |title='We Should All Be Feminists' |journal=Foreign Rights Catalog: Books for Kids and Teens |date=January–June 2021 |page=109 |url=https://www.penguinrandomhousegrupoeditorial.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/foreign-rights-kids-teens-2021-first-semester-penguinrandomhousegrupoeditorial.pdf |access-date=19 May 2024 |publisher=[[Penguin Random House]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519184758/https://www.penguinrandomhousegrupoeditorial.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/foreign-rights-kids-teens-2021-first-semester-penguinrandomhousegrupoeditorial.pdf |archive-date=19 May 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Foreign Rights Catalog''|2021}} }}
* {{cite news |last=Williams |first=Zoe |author1-link=Zoe Williams (writer) |title='I believe literature is in peril': Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Comes Out Fighting for Freedom of Speech |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2022/nov/28/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-bbc-reith-lecture-freedom-truth-trans-rights |access-date=19 March 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=28 November 2022 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240319123047/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2022/nov/28/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-bbc-reith-lecture-freedom-truth-trans-rights |archive-date=19 March 2024 |url-status=live }}
{{Refend}}

== Links n'aga n'ezi==
{{commons|Category:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie|Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie}}

* Website nke [http://chimamanda.com/ Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie]
* [http://www.l3.ulg.ac.be/adichie/index.html The Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Website] sitere na ngalaba asụsụ Bekee nke [[Mahadum nke Liège]] dị na mba [[Belgium]]


{{DEFAULTSORT:Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi}}
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
[[Òtù:Ndị Igbo]]
[[Òtù:Ndi Afrika nke Amerika]]
[[Otú:Odee akwụkwọ si Naijiria]]
[[Òtù:Ndi Amerika]]
[[Otú:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria gụrụ akwụkwọ]]
[[Otú:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria]]
[[Otú:Ndị amụrụ n'afọ 1977]]</text>
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      <comment>Wepụrụ mgbanwe [[Special:Diff/730050|730050]] nke [[Special:Contributions/King ChristLike|King ChristLike]] ([[User talk:King ChristLike|talk]]) mere</comment>
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    <title>Onome Ebi</title>
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      <text bytes="6773" sha1="qoe5z9ntwruv6yb5b33xcrsdbvnzcx1" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}} 
'''Onome Ebi''' bụ onye [[Naijiria|na]] - agbachitere bọọlụ Naịjirịa na- agbara Henan Jianye bọọlụ ugbu a n'asọmpị iko ndị inyom China na ndị otu Naịjirịa, Super Falcons. Na 2019 ọ ghọrọ onye egwuregwu bọọlụ Afrịka nke mbụ gbara bọọlụ na ndorondoro ise nke FIFA World cups.

== Ọrụ klọb ==
Ọ gbara bọọlụ Bayelsa Queens FC na asọmpi ụmụnwaanyị nke Naịjirịa tupu ọ kwaga Piteå IF na Djurgårdens IF na [[Sweden|Sweden na]] Damallsvenskan . Ebi kwuru &quot;Enwere m obi ụtọ ịnọ na Turkey n'ihi ihu igwe dị mma. Ga Sweden bụ egwuregwu bọọlụ dị iche, ebe ihu igwe jụrụ oyi mere ka o siere m ike ịgba bọọlụ nke ọma. Dị onye na-amu amu nke Njikọ Swedish mere m ka m malite a laghachi Turkey maka Ataşehir Belediyespor FC na Njikọ Mbụ . &quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;newtelegraph&quot;/&gt;

Ọ na-egwuri egwu maka ndị [[Turkéy|Turkish]] Düvenciler Lisesispor na Ataşehir Belediyespor na Njikọ Mbụ . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Super Falcons' Onome Ebi wins Turkish league title|url=http://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/4093/nigeria/2012/06/14/3174534/super-falcons-onome-ebi-wins-turkish-league-title|publisher=Goal.com|accessdate=10 November 2016|date=14 June 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; O mere ya njiko onye mmeri nke mbụ na ọgust afọ 2012 mgbe ọ na-egwu Ataşehir Belediyespor. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Onome Ebi|url=http://www.uefa.com/teamsandplayers/players/player=250031287/profile/index.html|publisher=UEFA|accessdate=10 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170526154729/http://www.uefa.com/teamsandplayers/players/player=250031287/profile/index.html|archive-date=26 May 2017|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ laghachiri na Sweden Damallsvenskan na 2013 ka ogwuro ndi Sunnanå SK tupu ọ gaa [[Belarus]] igwuregwu maka FC Minsk na njiko Belarusian Premier . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/4110/nigerians-abroad/2015/04/18/10879022/nigerian-trio-help-fk-minsk-win-belarus-women-super-cup|title=Nigerian trio help FK Minsk win Belarus Women Super Cup|publisher=Goal.com|accessdate=29 June 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe ọ nọ ebe ahụ, ọ bụ onye otu ndị otu meriri njiko Premier nke Belarus, iko ụmụ nwanyị Belarus na Super Cup nke Belarusia ugboro abụọ. &lt;ref name=&quot;newtelegraph&quot;/&gt;

N'egwuregwu bọọlụ na asọmpi mba ụwa, Ebi n'agba dị ka ọnụọgụ ise na otu n'ihi mkpa ọ dị maka ya. Mgbe ọ bịarutere Minsk, akara jersey ahụ, ya mere ọ rịọrọ maka ọnụọgụ iri ise na isekama. &lt;ref name=&quot;newtelegraph&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Onome Ebi: No Regrets Dropping Out Of School To Play Soccer|url=https://newtelegraphonline.com/onome-ebi-no-regrets-dropping-school-play-soccer/|accessdate=10 November 2016|work=New Telegraph|date=24 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161111064301/https://newtelegraphonline.com/onome-ebi-no-regrets-dropping-school-play-soccer/|archive-date=11 November 2016|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ na-egwu egwu ugbu a na ngalaba nke abụọ nke China bụ Henan Huishang, ebe ọ bịanyere aka n'afọ 2018.

== Ọrụ mba ụwa ==
Ebi bụ onye otu mba na naijiria. na abali isii n'onwa Jụlai afọ 2019, ọ ghọrọ onye mbụ Afrịka n'agba bọọlụ nke ọgugu ise &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.goal.com/en/news/nigerias-onome-ebi-makes-african-history-with-fifth-womens-world-/1ufj402t0guw91uzvkl7kvrkft|title=Nigeria's Onome Ebi makes African history with fifth Women's World Cup appearance {{!}} Goal.com|work=www.goal.com|accessdate=2019-06-13}}&lt;/ref&gt; ndorondoro nke FIFA World Cup, na-ekere òkè dị na 2003, 2007, 2011 na 2015, 2019 mbipụta nke FIFA Women World Cup na 2008 Beijing Olimpik . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/statisticsandrecords/players/player=190157/|title=FIFA player stats|accessdate=29 June 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Games of the XXIX. Olympiad|url=http://www.rsssf.com/tableso/ol2008f-women-det.html|accessdate=10 November 2016|date=18 September 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ebi bụkwa onye otu ndị otu egwuregwu Naịjirịa na 2008, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Nigeria/Ghana: 2008 African Women Championship – Super Falcons Begin Campaign Against Ghana Today|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200811180993.html|accessdate=10 November 2016|date=11 November 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt; 2010, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Falcons go headlong for women’s title on SuperSport|url=http://www.bloemfonteincelticfc.co.za/articles.aspx?Id=382040|publisher=Bloemfontein Celtic|accessdate=10 November 2016|date=28 October 2010|archivedate=10 May 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170510120106/http://www.bloemfonteincelticfc.co.za/articles.aspx?Id=382040}}&lt;/ref&gt; 2012, 2014, 2016 na 2018 nke Afrika Women's Championship, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Falcons’ Onome Ebi joins other pros in camp|url=http://m.news24.com.ng/nigeria/Sport/Football/Falcons-Onome-Ebi-joins-other-pros-in-camp-20121016|accessdate=10 November 2016|date=16 October 2012|archive-date=11 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161111063620/http://m.news24.com.ng/nigeria/Sport/Football/Falcons-Onome-Ebi-joins-other-pros-in-camp-20121016|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Minsk Release Esther Sunday &amp; Onome Ebi for AWC|url=http://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/4093/nigerian-football/2014/09/29/5142661/minsk-release-esther-sunday-onome-ebi-for-awc|publisher=Goal.com|accessdate=10 November 2016|date=29 September 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; meriri asọmpi ahụ ugboro anọ 2010, 2014 ) 2016 na 2018 . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=African International Competitions|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/africa/9049468.stm|accessdate=10 November 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Nigeria reclaim African women's title|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/29739296|accessdate=10 November 2016|date=25 October 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ukpono ==

=== Klọb ===

; Ataşehir Belediyespor

* Ndi Nwanyi Nwanyi Turkish nke mbu (2): 2011–12, 2012–13

* Belarusian Premier League (1): 2014
* Iko ndi Belarusia (1): 2014
* Nnukwu iko nke ụmụ nwanyị Belarus (2): 2014, 2015

=== mba ===

; Naijiria

* Egwuregwu Ndị Nwanyi Africa (4): 2010, 2014, 2016, 2018

Ebe nke anọ: 2012

'''Onyinye Ndi Onwe'''

* NFF-Aiteo Nwanyị Player Of The Year: 2018 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/onome-ebi-wins-2018-nff-womens-player-of-the-year-award/16izczr91zruh126hu8nb7kf7j|title=Onome Ebi wins 2018 NFF Women's Player of the Year award {{!}} Goal.com|last=Correspondent|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ebe m si nwete ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== Njikọ dị na mpụga ==

* Onome Ebi – FIFA competition record
* Onome Ebi – UEFA competition record
* Onome Ebi at SvFF (in Swedish)
* Onome Ebi at Soccerway
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'''''Phone Swap''''' bụ ihe nkiri ihe ịhụnanya na-atọ ọchị nke Naịjirịa nke afọ 2012 nke [[Kemi Adesoye]] dere, nke Kunle Afolayan duziri ma mepụta ya. O gosiputara [[Nse Ikpe-Etim|Nse Ikpe Etim]], Wale Ojo, [[Joke Silva]], Chika Okpala, [[Lydia Forson]] na Hafeez Oyetoro. Emere ihe nkiri a mgbe a meere obere mgbasa ozi sitere na ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi iji mepụta ihe nkiri nke ga-ebipụ afọ 15 ruo 45. &lt;ref name=&quot;Daily Independent, Nigeria&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://dailyindependentnig.com/2012/11/wakeup-call-kunle-afolayans-phone-swap/|title=Wakeup call … Kunle Afolayan's Phone Swap|publisher=Daily Independent, Nigeria|work=Daily Independent Newspaper|date=22 October 2013|accessdate=20 April 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ na-akọ akụkọ banyere Mary, onye na-emepụta ejiji nwere obi ụtọ na-arụ ọrụ n'okpuru onye isi siri ike, na Akin, onye mpako, onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na onye isi azụmahịa. Ha gbanwere ekwentị ha na mberede n'ọdụ ụgbọ elu na-ekwo ekwo, nke na-eduga n'ịgbanwe ebe ha na-aga na mkpa ọ dị inye aka na-arụ ọrụ nke ibe ha.

''A mepụtara Phone Swap'' na Lagos wee mee ya na mmekorita ya na Globacom na BlackBerry . Ọ nwetakwara nkwado ego n'aka Meelk Properties, IRS Airlines, Seven-up Bottling Company, Honeywell Flour Mill na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ. Édémédé ihe nkiri wéré afọ abụọ, mgbe mmepụta na emecha mmepụta nkebi wéré izu isii na ọnwa atọ n'otu. &lt;ref name=&quot;My Daily Newswatch, Nigeria&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.mydailynewswatchng.com/2013/01/26/afolayan-strikes-gold-with-phone-swap/|title=Afolayan strikes gold with Phone Swap|publisher=My Daily Newswatch, Nigeria|work=My Daily Newswatch Newspaper|date=22 October 2013|accessdate=20 April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215024032/http://www.mydailynewswatchng.com/2013/01/26/afolayan-strikes-gold-with-phone-swap/|archivedate=December 15, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ihe nkiri ahụ nwetara otuto dị egwu ma nwee nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma na ụlọ ọrụ igbe. &lt;ref name=&quot;Phone Swap excels in Box Office&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2012/04/phone-swap-excels-in-box-office/|title=Phone Swap excels in Box Office|publisher=Vanguard|work=Vanguard Newspaper|date=13 April 2012|accessdate=20 April 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ natara nhọpụta 4 na 8th Africa Movie Academy Awards nke gụnyere ụdị ihe nkiri Naijiria kacha mma wee nweta mmeri na mmepụta ihe. &lt;ref name=&quot;AMAA&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.ama-awards.com/awards/2012|title=AMAA Nominees and Winners 2012|publisher=AMA Awards|work=Africa Movie Academy Awards - Africa Film Academy|accessdate=22 April 2014|year=2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140214081938/http://ama-awards.com/awards/2012|archivedate=14 February 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Atụmatụ ==
Mary ( [[Nse Ikpe-Etim|Nse Ikpe Etim]] ) bụ onye na-emepụta ejiji na-arụrụ onye isi ike, Alexis, bụ onye na-ejikarị otuto maka atụmatụ ya. Nna ya nọ n'obodo nta ahụ kpọrọ Mary na ekwentị banyere nsogbu alụmdi na nwunye metụtara nwanne ya nwanyị na di ya. Mary ga laghachi n'obodo nta ahụ ka ezinụlọ ga-ekwurịta nsogbu ahụ ma ọ bụ naanị Mary ka nwanne ya nwanyị na-ege ntị. Alexis agaghị enye Mary ikike ịhapụ ọrụ ọ bụ ezie na Mary na-ekwusi ike na ya nwere ike mezue uwe ahụ mgbe ọ na-apụ. Alexis ekwetaghị. Mary chọpụtara na enyi ya nwoke alụọla nwaanyị, ya na ehi nwoke wee kewapụ. Alexis nwere ọmịiko n'ebe Mary nọ ma hapụ ya ka ọ hapụ ọrụ iji dozie nsogbu ya. Alexis gbatara Mary tiketi ụgbọ elu ka uzuzu na uyi na-eme njem n'ala mgbe nile ghara imebi uwe e nyere Mary 

Akin (Wale Ojo) na ndị ọrụ ibe ya na-ese okwu mgbe niile n'ọrụ ya, ya na nne ya na enyi ya nwanyị adịghị emekọrịta ihe. Onye isi ya na-eche banyere omume ya n'oge na-adịbeghị anya, n'ihi omume ya, a kewapuru ya ka ọ ghara ịma ebe ụlọ ọrụ na-ewe mme mme, dịka ọtụtụ ndị kwenyere na ọ na-achọ ikpughe omume ọjọọ nke ndị ọrụ ibe ya ka o wee nweta ọkwa nke CEO . Akin na-agwa onye inyeaka ya, Alex (Hafeez Oyetoro) ka ọ chọpụta ebe a ga-esi laghachi azụ n'ụzọ ọ bụla. Akin rutere n'ụlọ otu ụbọchị wee hụ enyi nwanyị ya, Gina ( [[Lydia Forson]] ) ka mmanya na-egbu ya ma megharịakwa ọnụ ụlọ ahụ. Akin were iwe wee jụọ maka igodo ụlọ ya. Gina were iwe, nye ya igodo wee pụọ n'ụlọ na-ebo ya ebubo.

Akin gawa ọdụ ụgbọ elu wee depụta tiketi ụgbọ elu na Abuja. Mary nọkwa n'ọdụ ụgbọ elu wee dabanyere Akin na eme ọsịsọ ya. Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ozi batara n'ime ekwentị Akin na-ejide aha 'Alex' na-asị &quot;fega Owerri nke oma&quot;. N'iche na ozi ahụ bụ onye inyeaka ya, ọ gara ngwa ngwa ịde akwụkwọ tiketi na Owerri. Mary, amaghị uma wee n'ahịrịa tiketi ya na ebe ana nye tiketi na Abuja wee kwụọ ụgwọ tiketi. N'ime ụgbọ elu ahụ, Akin hụrụ mgbanwe ụda ekwentị n'akpa ya wee chọpụta na ekwentị abụghị nke ya. Ọ na-agwa onye na-elekọta ụgbọ elu ahụ, mana ọ gafeela. Mary jụrụ onye ọrụ ụgbọ elu oge ụgbọ elu ga eru Owerri ọ wee gwa ya na ụgbọ elu ahụ na-efega Abuja ọ bụghị Owerri.

Akin bịarutere Owerri wee rịọ maka tiketi ọ ji aga Abuja, mana a gwara ya na o nweghị ụgbọ elu ga-aga Abuja maka ụbọchị ahụ. Mary bịarutere Abuja wee kpọọ nọmba ya n'ekwentị dị ya n'aka. Ọ gwara Akin na ọ nọ n’Abuja, ha abụọ kpebie ka ha chọta ụzọ isi pụọ. Akin gwara Mary ka ọ gaa n'ụlọ nne ya dị n'Abuja, Akin hụkwara onwe ya n'ụlọ nna Mary bụ ụlọ ochie. Nwanne Mary, Cynthia [[Ada Ameh|(Ada Ameh]]) kowara nna ha(Chika Okpaka) na Akin dika enyi nwoke Mary. A na-anabatakwara Mary na-obi ụtọ site na nne Akin, Kike ( [[Joke Silva]] ) na o kwenyere na Mary bụ enyi nwanyị Akin. Mary nwara ịkọwara ya ihe merenụ, ma obi dị ya ụtọ nke ukwuu ige ntị. Ọ na-esiri Akin ike ime mgbanwe n'ụzọ dị n'ime obodo: Ọ na-arịọ ezinụlọ ka ha nye ya ndụdụ na ngaji ka oji rie nri 'olulo' ha na-achị ya ọchị, Ọ naghị enwe ike ịrahụ ụra na ndị ọzọ n'elu akwa ọ wee hie ụra na ihụ mpụta ụlọ. . Ọ siri ya ike ịrahụ ụra na ihu mpụta ụlọ n'ihi anwụnta. O biliri kpọọ Mary kama ha kparịtara ọtụtụ ihe dị ka mmehie nwanne ya nwaanyị bụ na ọ na-eti di ya ihe, eboro ya ebubo na ọ dọrọ di ya aka na amụ oge a. Mary gwara Akin ka ọ gwa Cynthia okwu n’aha ya n’ihi na o chere na Cynthia ga-ege ya ntị maka Cynthia dika ọ nabatara ya. Akin rịọkwara Mary ka ọ gaa mme mme ụlọ ọrụ n'aha ya. Ọ gwara ya na naanị ihe ọ ga-eme bụ inye onyeisi oche ozi dị na kaadị ebe nchekwa ekwentị ya. Akin na-agwa Cynthia okwu, ọ kweere ịkpa àgwà n'ụzọ kwesịrị ekwesị na nzukọ ezinụlọ na ịmalite ịkpa àgwà ọma n'ụlọ iji chekwaa ọdịnihu nke ụmụ ya. Na nzụkọ ahụ ọ gbuuru ikpere n'ala nye ndị okenye ma rịọ onye ọ bụla n'ihi na ọ nọ na ọnọdụ uche ma mechaa bewe ákwá

Mary na-akwado maka oriri nke Kike haziri na-egosi na o nweghị ihe ọ ga-eyi, ya mere o kpebiri ịkwa ákwà Alexis nyere ya ka ọ rụọ ọrụ. N'ụzọ dị mwute, ọ na-ezute onye nwe uwe ahụ na nnọkọ ahụ; na nchegbu ya ịgbapụ, ọ dabara n'ọdọ mmiri. O mechara kwe onye ahịa ahụ nkwa ịme uwe ọzọ maka onye ahịa n'okpuru ahịrị uwe ya. Akin na Mary malitere ịkpọ ibe ha ugboro ugboro. N'oge a na-akpọ na ekwentị, Mary gwara Akin banyere Gina na-akpọ ya na-ebo ya ebubo na ọ napụrụ enyi ya nwoke. Akin zara site n'ịsị &quot;Ọ ga-amasị gị ịbụ?&quot; ma ha abụọ bịaruru nso site n'oge ahụ. N'ụbọchị nke abụọ nke mmemme ụlọ ọrụ, Mary matara onye isi oche ọhụrụ bụ Kike. Ọ gwara Mary na ya nwetara òkè ndị ahụ iji nweta uche Akin. Ọ na-añụkarị mmanya, nke ahụ mebiekwara ụlọ ya, nke ahụ bụ isi ihe mere Akin achọghị ka ya na ya nwee mmekọrịta ọzọ. Mary gwara ya na ozugbo Akin chọpụtara na ọ bụzi onyeisi oche, ọ ga-agba arụkwaghịm, ọ dụrụ ya ọdụ ka ọ kpọọ ya kama gwa ya okwu. Nne Akin gere ndụmọdụ ahụ wee kpọọ Akin. Akin chere na ọ bụ Mary wee gwa ya ka ọ ghara inye onyeisi oche ozi ahụ ọzọ - Ọ nụrụ olu nne ya wee nwaa ipiyu ekwentị, mana nne ya malitere ịrịọ mgbaghara maka ihe niile o mere, obi ruru ya ala ka nne ya malitere ito ya. Mary kpọrọ Alexis ka ọ gwa ya na uwe ahụ mebiri emebi wee gwa ya na ọ na-agba arụkwaghịm.

Akin zutere Mary n'ọdụ ụgbọ elu Lagos. Ha abụọ na-amụmụ ọnụ ọchị ma nyeghachi ibe ha ekwentị ha. Akin na-enyere Mary aka iburu akpa ya wee lee ya ọmarịcha anya. Ha abụọ banyere n'ụgbọ ala Akin ka kredit na-apụta.

== Nkedo ==

*[[Nse Ikpe-Etim|Nse Ikpe Etim]] as Mary Oyenokwe
*[[Wale Ojo]] as Akin Cole
*[[Joke Silva]] as Kike Cole
*Chika Okpala as Mary's Father
*Ada Ameh as Cynthia
*[[Lydia Forson]] as Gina
*Chika Chukwu as Hussana
*[[Afeez Oyetoro|Hafeez Oyetoro]] as Alex Ojo
*Chris Iheuwa as Tony
*Charles Billion as Alpha
*Jay Jay Coker as Omega
*Jadesola Durotoye as C.E.O
*Sophia Chioma Onyekwo as Alexis
*Bose Oshin as Mrs Ibekwe
*Christopher John as Cynthia's husband
*Toyin Onormor as Tony's wife
*Jara as Seamstress 1
*Biola as Seamstress 2

== Mmepụta ==

=== Mmepe ===
''Atụrụ'' ime Phone Swap bidoro mgbe obere oge sitere na ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi, bụ ndị na-ewere atụmatụ n'aha [[Samsung]] imepụta ihe nkiri ga-ebipụ afọ 15 ruo 45. Ndị mmadụ na ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche webatara edemede iri, mana edemede Afolayan mechara merie asọmpi ahụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;Punch&quot; /&gt; N'agbanyeghị na Samsung mechara kwụsị ọrụ ahụ, Kunle Afolayan gara n'ihu ịrịọ ego n'aka ndị isi ndị ọzọ na-akwado ya n'ihi na ọ chọsiri ike imechi ọrụ ahụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;Daily Independent, Nigeria&quot; /&gt; Afolayan kwenyere na n'agbanyeghị na ihe nkiri ahụ abụghị &quot;arty&quot; dị ka ''The Figurine'', ọ nwekwara ike ime nke ọma na igbe igbe n'ihi na ọ bụ ihe nkiri azụmahịa. &lt;ref name=&quot;Punch&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.punchng.com/feature/midweek-revue/swapping-sam-loco-with-zebrudaya-for-comedy-sake/|title=Swapping Sam Loco with Zebrudaya for comedy sake|publisher=Punch NG|work=Punch Newspaper|date=13 March 2012|accessdate=25 April 2014|author=Augoye, Jayne|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140425041622/http://www.punchng.com/feature/midweek-revue/swapping-sam-loco-with-zebrudaya-for-comedy-sake/|archivedate=25 April 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Otú ọ dị, Afolayan kpebiri ịpụnarị ihe nkiri slapstick, bụ nke ghọrọ omenala maka ụdị ntọ ọchị na Nollywood. &lt;ref name=&quot;Gaurdian&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/filmblog/2012/oct/30/kunle-afolayan-nollywood-cinema|title=Out of Africa: Kunle Afolayan bids to bring Nollywood cinema to the world|work=The Guardian|date=30 October 2012|accessdate=14 September 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; O kwukwara na nlegharị anya ndị nta akụkọ nke ihe nkiri ahụ na Legọs na nhọrọ nke ụdị egwuregwu na-atọ ọchị dabara n'ọkwa a na-achọ ime ka ụlọ ọrụ ya na-emepụta ihe dị iche iche; ihe nkiri abụọ gara aga sitere na Golden Effects Studios abụwo ihe na-akpali akpali, yabụ na Phone ''Swap'' bụ iji gosi na ụlọ ọrụ ya anaghị agba ọsọ n'okporo ụzọ otu ụzọ. &lt;ref name=&quot;Dailytimes&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.dailytimes.com.ng/article/dial-c-chaos|title=Dial C for Chaos|publisher=Daily Times NG|work=Daily Times Newspaper|date=3 March 2012|accessdate=25 April 2014|author=Ajao, Aderinsola|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140425053718/http://www.dailytimes.com.ng/article/dial-c-chaos|archivedate=April 25, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kemi Adesoye na Afolayan chepụtara echiche akụkọ maka ihe nkiri ahụ; na usoro edemede na-ewe ngụkọta oge nke afọ abụọ. &lt;ref name=&quot;My Daily Newswatch, Nigeria&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Adeyemo, Adeola&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2012/04/19/his-new-movie-phone-swap-beat-hollywood-blockbusters-in-nigerian-cinemas-find-out-how-award-winning-filmmaker-kunle-afolayan-did-it/|title=His New Movie &quot;Phone Swap&quot; Beat Hollywood Blockbusters in Nigerian Cinemas: Find Out How Award Winning Filmmaker Kunle Afolayan Did It!|publisher=Bella Naija|date=19 April 2012|accessdate=20 April 2014|author=Adeyemo, Adeola}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kunle Afolayan kwuru na ndị ọchụnta ego adịchaghị anabata atụmatụ azụmahịa ya. &lt;ref name=&quot;My Daily Newswatch, Nigeria&quot; /&gt; Otú ọ dị, ihe nkiri ahụ mesịrị nweta nkwado ego site n'aka ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi dị ka Globacom na BlackBerry . A na-abịakwutekwa ụfọdụ ụdị ka ha sonye na mmepụta na ụfọdụ n'ime ha mere ntinye ngwaahịa. Ụlọ ọrụ ndị dị otú ahụ gụnyere: Meelk Properties, IRS Airlines, Seven-up Bottling Company, Berrys' Couture, Honeywell Flour Mill na Maclean . &lt;ref name=&quot;9aijabooksandmovies&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://9aijabooksandmovies.wordpress.com/2012/03/20/phone-swap-by-kunle-afolayan-receives-thunderous-applause-at-the-lagos-premiere/|title=Phone Swap by Kunle Afolayan: Receives Thunderous applause at the Lagos premiere!|publisher=9aijabooksandmovies|work=9aija books and movies|date=20 March 2012|accessdate=20 April 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nke a nyere aka weta ego nke ihe nkiri ahụ site na iri atọ &lt;ref name=&quot;Dailytimes&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Adeyemo, Adeola&quot; /&gt; ruo iri anọ. &lt;ref name=&quot;Gaurdian&quot; /&gt;

=== Nkedo ===
Onye ndu nwoke, Akin weere na mbu maka Joseph Benjamin mana o mechara wetuo ya mgbe achọpụtara na nso nso a ka ejikọtara ya dị ka di na nwunye ya na onye ndú ihe nkiri [[Nse Ikpe-Etim|Nse Etim]] bịanyere aka na ya maka ''Mr. na Mrs.'', ihe nkiri nke a na mmepụta n'oge ahụ ma wepụtakwa ya na March 2012. Akpọrọ [[Jim Iyke]] ka ọ rụọ ọrụ a mana ọ nọghị n'oge ahụ - agbapụ ''ụgbọ elu ikpeazụ na Abuja'', ya mere Wale Ojo mechara bụrụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri ọhụrụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;Punch&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Dailytimes&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Okon,Augusta*&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://9aijabooksandmovies.wordpress.com/2012/04/25/phone-swap-movie-review/|title=Phone Swap : Movie Review|publisher=9aija books and movies|date=25 April 2012|accessdate=20 April 2014|author=Okon,Augusta*}}&lt;/ref&gt; Edere agwa nna Mary maka Sam loco Efe. Otú ọ dị, onye na-eme ihe nkiri nwụrụ na 7 August 2011 n'ihi ọrịa Asthma &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2011/08/sam-loco-efe-how-he-died-his-unfulfilled-dream/|title=Sam Loco Efe: How he died, his unfulfilled dream|publisher=Vanguard|work=Vanguard Newspapers|date=8 August 2011|accessdate=21 April 2014|author=Amadi Ogbonna}}&lt;/ref&gt; tupu e mee ihe nkiri na Chika Okpala bịanyere aka n'akwụkwọ iji dochie onye omee ahụ nwụrụ anwụ. A kwanyere Sam Loco ugwu site n'ịrara ihe nkiri ahụ na ncheta ya na kredit mmeghe nke ihe nkiri ahụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;My Daily Newswatch, Nigeria&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Punch&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Dailytimes&quot; /&gt;

Ada Ameh, bụ onye [[Ȯra Benue|Benue]] na [[Nse Ikpe-Etim|Nse Ikpe Etim]] nke [[Ȯra Akwa Ibom|Akwa Ibom]] ga-amụ [[Asụ̀sụ̀ Ìgbò|asụsụ Igbo]] nke [[Òwèrè|Owerri]] ruo ọnwa isii tupu mmalite nke foto isi ka ọ dabara na mkpụrụedemede Cynthia na Mary; bụ ndị e gosiri na ha abụọ bụ ụmụafọ Owerri. &lt;ref name=&quot;Okon,Augusta*&quot; /&gt; Etim n'ajụjụ ọnụ ya na akwụkwọ akụkọ Leadership nwere kwuru sị: &quot;Abụghị m onye rookie ma a bịa n'asụsụ Igbo mana ruo mgbe a na- ''eme Phone Swap'', ọ dịghị m mkpa ịsụ asụsụ Igbo dịka nwa afọ. M ga-ekweta na ọ siri m ike, n'ihi na aghaghị m ịmụta otu olumba. Enwere m obi ụtọ maka ahụmịhe ahụ, n'agbanyeghị. Asụsụ Igbo bụ ihe na-atọ ụtọ nke ukwuu, ọ na-atọkwa m ụtọ nke ukwuu na usoro mmụta ya.&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;Dailytimes&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://leadership.ng/entertainment/345278/nse-ikpe-etim-superwoman-redefining-nollywood|title=Nse Ikpe-Etim: 'The Superwoman' Redefining Nollywood|publisher=Leadership|work=Leadership Newspaper|date=14 February 2014|accessdate=20 April 2014|author=Rufus, Jumoke|archivedate=28 March 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140328023702/http://leadership.ng/entertainment/345278/nse-ikpe-etim-superwoman-redefining-nollywood}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Director, Afolayan, nwere nnukwu esemokwu ya na Globacom, gbasara ihe nkedo Hafeez Oyetoro na ihe nkiri ahụ. Ka ọ hụchara ndezi nke mbụ nke ihe nkiri ahụ, Mike Adenuga rịọrọ ka chụpụ Oyetoro n'ahịrị nkedo, na ihe nkiri ka agbawee ya na onye ọzọ na-eme ihe nkiri. Nke a bụ n'ihi na Oyetoro bụ onye nnochite anya aha maka Etisalat Nigeria n'oge ahụ, bu isi asọmpi n'ahịa mgbasa ozi Naijiria. Otú ọ dị, Afolayan jụrụ, na nkwenye na ịhapụ Oyetoro &quot;ga-egbu&quot; ihe nkiri ahụ. N'ihi nke a, Globacom wepụrụ ego ya na ihe nkiri ahụ ma emezigharịghị nkwekọrịta nnọchi anya Afolayan na ụlọ ọrụ ahụ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://thenationonlineng.net/new/october-1-and-other-tales/|title=October 1 and other tales|publisher=The Nation|date=29 November 2014|accessdate=5 April 2015|author=Yishau, Olukorede}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ịse ihe nkiri ===
Ihe nkiri malitere na Badagry &lt;ref name=&quot;Rice, Andrew&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/26/magazine/nollywood-movies.html?pagewanted=all&amp;_r=0|title=A Scorsese in Lagos: The Making of Nigeria's Film Industry|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=26 February 2012|accessdate=24 March 2015|author=Rice, Andrew}}&lt;/ref&gt; n'Ogostu, tupu ọ kwaga [[Lagos]] ; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2012/04/19/his-new-movie-phone-swap-beat-hollywood-blockbusters-in-nigerian-cinemas-find-out-how-award-winning-filmmaker-kunle-afolayan-did-it/|title=His New Movie &quot;Phone Swap&quot; Beat Hollywood Blockbusters in Nigerian Cinemas: Find Out How Award Winning Filmmaker Kunle Afolayan Did It!|publisher=bellanaija.com|date=13 April 2012|accessdate=20 March 2015|author=Adeyemo, Adeola}}&lt;/ref&gt; a gbara ihe nkiri ahụ n'ime izu isii na mmepụta ihe were ọnwa atọ. Dị ka Afolayan si kwuo, ịse ihe nkiri a kacha sie ike bụ ịrụzi ime ụgbọ elu na ọdụ ụgbọ elu nke a esere n'awa iri abụọ na anọ n'enweghị nkwụsịtụ; &lt;ref name=&quot;My Daily Newswatch, Nigeria&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Adeyemo, Adeola&quot; /&gt; Pat Nebo na ndị otu ya rụgharịrị ụlọ ụgbọ elu na studiyo. &lt;ref name=&quot;Rice, Andrew&quot; /&gt;

== Egwu na ụda egwu ==
[[Category:Articles with hAudio microformats]]
[[Category:Album infoboxes lacking a cover]]
[[Category:Album articles lacking alt text for covers]]
[[Category:Articles with hAudio microformats]]
N'Eprel 2012, Golden Effects Pictures weputara ụda egwu mbụ nke ''Phone Swap'' maka nbudata dijitalụ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://tooxclusive.com/music/phone-swap-official-soundtracks/|title=Phone Swap – Official Soundtracks|publisher=tooXclusive|work=Too Exclusive|date=17 April 2012|accessdate=25 April 2014|author=Tyler}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.mp3naija.com.ng/music/mp3/1816|title=Truth - Truth Fate OST- Movie Phone Swap|publisher=mp3naija.com|work=MP3 Naija|date=18 April 2014|accessdate=25 April 2014|author=Jaydee}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.gidilounge.com/music/audio-soundtrack-of-the-award-winning-phoneswap-movie/|title=[AUDIO] SoundTrack of the award winning PhoneSwap movie|publisher=Gidi Lounge|work=Gidi Lounge|date=17 April 2012|accessdate=25 April 2014|author=Deji|archivedate=24 September 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924022131/http://www.gidilounge.com/music/audio-soundtrack-of-the-award-winning-phoneswap-movie/}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

''Ụda egwu Phone swap'' mejupụtara egwu atọ mbụ nke Truth deputara, Adekunle &quot;Nodash&quot; Adejuyigbe na Oyinkansola, Truth mebere ya na Oyinkansola na egwu oge ochie nke Eze Sunny Adé wepụtara. Egwu na akara bụ Truth mere ya na iji ukwe na udu ọdịnala ndị Naijiria na-ejikarị maka akara ndabere ihe nkiri. Egwu ndị a gụnyere obere egwu, egwu na-ewelite ngwa ngwa na egwu ọdịnala, mana ewedara ya ka ọ bụrụ obere ihe na-akụ nwayọ nwayọ na mpaghara ụfọdụ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://flickhunter.blogspot.com/2013/02/phone-swap.html|title=TBFF Film Review - Phone Swap|publisher=Flick Hunter|work=Flick Hunter|date=18 February 2013|accessdate=25 April 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Otu n'ime egwu &quot; ''Fate'' &quot; bụ otu ọrụ mbụ sitere na onye na-emepụta egwu, Truth &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2012/04/23/from-the-phone-swap-ost-listen-to-truth-fate-has-a-plan/|title=From The Phone Swap Original Soundtrack, Listen to Truth – Fate Has A Plan|publisher=BellaNaija.com|work=Bella Naija|date=23 April 2012|accessdate=25 April 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.jaguda.com/2012/04/23/truth-presents-fate-has-a-plan-phone-swap-soundtrack/|title=Truth Presents: Fate Has a Plan [Phone Swap Soundtrack]|publisher=Jaguda.com|date=23 April 2012|accessdate=25 April 2014|author=Ayo|archivedate=26 April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140426215234/http://www.jaguda.com/2012/04/23/truth-presents-fate-has-a-plan-phone-swap-soundtrack/}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://notjustok.com/2012/04/20/truth-fate-has-a-plan-phone-swap-soundtrack/|title=Truth – Fate Has A Plan (Phone Swap Soundtrack)|publisher=NotJustOk.com|work=Not Just OK|date=20 April 2012|accessdate=25 April 2014|author=OG, Demola|archivedate=26 April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140426215412/http://notjustok.com/2012/04/20/truth-fate-has-a-plan-phone-swap-soundtrack/}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://kaaf.com/2012/04/Truth--Fate-Has-A-Plan-Phone-Swap-Soundtrack-90325|title=Truth – Fate Has A Plan (Phone Swap Soundtrack)|publisher=Kaaf.com|work=Kaaf|date=20 April 2014|accessdate=25 April 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ndepụta egwu ===
{{track listing|headline=|extra_column=Singer(s)|total_length=16:30|title1=Life is beautiful|extra1=Truth|length1=3:33|title2=Fate|extra2=Truth|length2=3:29|title3=With You|extra3=Oyinkansola|length3=4:15|title4=Ma jaiye Oni|extra4=[[King Sunny Adé]]|length4=5:08}}

== Egosiputa ==
A tọhapụrụ ụgbọala na-adọkpụ nke mbụ nke ''ekwentị Swap'' na 1 Disemba 2011 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2011/12/05/on-the-must-watch-list-the-first-official-trailer-for-kunle-afolayans-new-film-phone-swap/|title=On the Must Watch List! The First Official Trailer for Kunle Afolayan's New Film &quot;Phone Swap&quot;|publisher=BellaNaija|work=Bella Naija|date=5 December 2011|accessdate=22 April 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://nollywoodmindspace.com/2011/12/02/kunle-afolayan-releases-phone-swap-trailer/|title=Kunle Afolayan Releases &quot;Phone Swap&quot; Trailer|publisher=Nollywood by Mindspace|work=Nollywood by Mindspace|date=2 December 2011|accessdate=22 April 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; na nke abụọ a tọhapụrụ na 22 February 2012. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.1976ad.com/2012/02/23/kunle-afolayan-releases-the-second-official-trailer-for-his-movie-phone-swap/|title=Kunle Afolayan releases the second official trailer for his movie &quot;Phone Swap&quot;.|publisher=1976AD.com|work=1976AD|date=23 February 2012|accessdate=22 April 2014|archivedate=25 February 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120225175647/http://www.1976ad.com/2012/02/23/kunle-afolayan-releases-the-second-official-trailer-for-his-movie-phone-swap/}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.nigeriafilms.com/news/15946/10/kunle-afolayan-releases-official-trailer-2-of-phon.html|title=Kunle Afolayan Releases Official Trailer 2 of Phone Swap|publisher=NigeriaFilms.com|work=Nigeria Films|date=23 February 2012|accessdate=22 April 2014|author=Dauda, Bola|archivedate=25 April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140425064924/http://www.nigeriafilms.com/news/15946/10/kunle-afolayan-releases-official-trailer-2-of-phon.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; E gosiputara ihe nkiri a n'ememme ihe nkiri dị iche iche &lt;ref name=&quot;My Daily Newswatch, Nigeria&quot; /&gt; tupu ya emechaa pụta na EXPO hall, Eko Hotels and suites, Lagos na 17 Maachị 2012. &lt;ref name=&quot;9aijabooksandmovies&quot; /&gt; A tọhapụrụ ya na mba na 30 Maachị 2012, &lt;ref name=&quot;Dailytimes&quot; /&gt; nwere ihe ngosi [[Ghana]] na 5 Eprel 2012 ma emesịa wepụta ya mba ụwa na 10 Nọvemba 2012. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.nigerianwatch.com/ents/nollywoodwatch/2371-nollywood-movie-phone-swap-to-premiere-in-london-on-november-10|title=Nollywood movie Phone Swap to premiere in London on November 10|publisher=Nigerian Watch|work=Nigerian Watch Newspaper|date=4 November 2012|accessdate=20 April 2014|archivedate=22 February 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222031432/http://www.nigerianwatch.com/ents/nollywoodwatch/2371-nollywood-movie-phone-swap-to-premiere-in-london-on-november-10}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Phone Swap&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Phone Swap|url=http://www.filmdates.co.uk/films/4980-phone-swap/|publisher=Film Dates|accessdate=18 February 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; A tọhapụrụ ya n'ahịa ndị na-abụghị omenala dị ka [[Japan]], &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Phone Swap Release info|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2198109/releaseinfo?ref_=tt_ov_inf|publisher=Internet Movie Data Base|accessdate=18 February 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Germany, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.africavenir.org/news-archive/newsdetails/datum/2014/04/04/deutschlandpremiere-der-nollywood-komoedie-phone-swap-von-kunle-afolayan-donnerstag-8-mai-2014.html|title=German Premiere of Awarded Nollywood-Comedy &quot;Phone Swap&quot; by Kunle Afolayan, Thursday, 8 May 2014, 20h00, Hackesche Höfe Kino|publisher=AfricaVenir International|work=Africa Venir|date=4 April 2014|accessdate=21 April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140425064339/http://www.africavenir.org/news-archive/newsdetails/datum/2014/04/04/deutschlandpremiere-der-nollywood-komoedie-phone-swap-von-kunle-afolayan-donnerstag-8-mai-2014.html|archivedate=April 25, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Ndia|India]], [[Brazil]] na Athens. &lt;ref name=&quot;thenet1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://thenet.ng/2014/05/net-exclusive-kunle-afolayan-opens-up-on-his-new-film-and-relocation-plans/|title=NET EXCLUSIVE: Kunle Afolayan opens up on his new film and relocation plans|publisher=The Net|work=The Nigerian Entertainment Today Magazine|date=19 May 2014|accessdate=21 June 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140622081057/http://thenet.ng/2014/05/net-exclusive-kunle-afolayan-opens-up-on-his-new-film-and-relocation-plans/|archivedate=22 June 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ ezie na ewepụtara ihe nkiri ahụ na [[Obodoézè Nà Ofú|United Kingdom]] na 10 Nọvemba 2012, &lt;ref name=&quot;Phone Swap&quot; /&gt; ọ megharịrị malite na 16 ruo 24 Maachị 2013. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://ohtvbox.com/have-an-ace-night-out/|title=OHBoX Presents African Cinema Experience (ACE)|publisher=OHtvBox|work=OHTV|date=19 February 2013|accessdate=22 April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140425040829/http://ohtvbox.com/have-an-ace-night-out/|archivedate=April 25, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ihe nkiri a megharịrị na Naijiria n'oge emume Ramadan site na 18 ruo 21 Ọgọst 2012. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://thenet.ng/2012/08/watch-phone-swap-this-ramadan-holiday/|title=Watch Phone Swap this Ramadan holiday|publisher=The Net|work=The Nigerian Entertainment Today|date=15 August 2012|accessdate=21 June 2014|author=Alonge, Osagie}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nnabata ==

=== Nnabata dị mkpa ===
A zutere ihe nkiri ahụ na nyocha kachasị mma. Nollywood Reinvented toro osise ihe nkiri, ihe ọchị aghụghọ na ịhụnanya. Ọ bụ ezie na o kwuru na ihe nkiri ahụ gosipụtara ọnọdụ na-ezighị ezi, o nyere ọkwa 68% wee kwubie: &quot;Otu ihe dị ukwuu banyere ihe nkiri ahụ bụ njikọ mmetụta uche ọ na-emepụta n'etiti ndị na-ekiri ya na 'di na nwunye', ndị na-ekiri na ndị na-agụ akụkọ n'otu n'otu, na agwa onye ọ bụla na ọ bụghị naanị Mary na Akin. Na njedebe nke ihe nkiri ahụ, ọ naghị adị gị ka ị hụla ihe nkiri ọzọ. Ọ nwere mmetụta na-adịgide adigide nke naanị ihe nkiri ole na ole nwere ike ịmepụta. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ihe nkiri ndị ahụ ga-eme ka ị na-alọghachi na ya site n'oge ruo n'oge.&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.nollywoodreinvented.com/2014/03/phone-swap.html|title=Phone Swap - Nollywood Reinvented|publisher=[[Nollywood Reinvented]]|work=[[Nollywood Reinvented]]|date=13 March 2014|accessdate=21 April 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Augusta Okon nke ''akwụkwọ 9aija na ihe nkiri tokwara osise ihe nkiri,'' ojiji asụsụ, imepụta ihe, ndezi na ụda ụda mana ọ gbadara n'ala maka mgbasa ozi pụtara ìhè na ihe nkiri ahụ. O nyere ihe nkiri ahụ ọkwa nke 4 n'ime 5 kpakpando ise wee kwubie: &quot;Phone Swap bụ ihe na-enweghị mgbagha bụ ihe nkiri na-atọ ọchị na Nollywood, na-akwọ ụgbọ mmiri n'oké osimiri nke dị iche na ọgụgụ isi, na nnukwu ọrụ ya na-eti mpako n'ikuku ma na-atụ aka na ya. Otu eziokwu… O welitere ụlọ ihe nkiri na Nollywood ọzọ!&quot; . &lt;ref name=&quot;Okon,Augusta*&quot; /&gt; Kemi Filani toro osise ihe nkiri, ndezi, mmepe agwa, edemede na nkwado nke ihe nkiri ahụ; o kwubiri, &quot;Phone Swap jupụtara na oke ịchị ọchị ma na-egosi otú ndị na-atụghị anya na ndị mmadụ nwere ike ime mgbanwe n'ọnọdụ na ọnọdụ ndị a na-atụghị anya ya. Ihe nkiri m nwere ike ịkwado.&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;Filani, Kemi*&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.kemifilani.com/2013/09/i-finally-watched-phone-swap-and-i.html|title=I FINALLY watched Phone Swap and I didn't like it!!!|publisher=Kemi Filani|date=September 2013|accessdate=20 April 2014|author=Filani, Kemi*}}&lt;/ref&gt; NollywoodForever nyere ya akara ngosi nke ọma wee kwubie na &quot;. . . Ọ bụ ihe na-atọ ọchị, ọ dị akọ, ọ na-ihe na emetụta obi na ihe ndị ọzọ. &quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Phone Swap {{!}} Nigerian Movie {{!}} Nollywood Forever Movie Reviews|url=http://nollywoodforever.com/phone-swap/|work=nollywoodforever.com|accessdate=2021-11-09|archivedate=2013-07-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130710032539/http://nollywoodforever.com/phone-swap/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dami Elebe nke ''Connect Nigeria'' toro ntụzịaka na ịdepụta ihe nkiri ahụ wee sị &quot;Obi abụọ adịghị ya, nke a bụ ihe nkiri ị ji mpako gosi. Ọ bụ ihe nkiri mere nke ọma na anyị enweghị ike ichere maka mmekorita ọzọ site n'aka ha (ndị na-eme ihe nkiri) n'ọdịnihu.&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;connectNigeria&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://connectnigeria.com/articles/2012/03/20/movie-review-phone-swap-excels/|title=Movie Review: Phone Swap Excels!|publisher=ConnectNigeria|work=Connect Nigeria|date=20 March 2012|accessdate=22 April 2014|author=Elebe, Dami|archivedate=10 April 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150410235808/http://connectnigeria.com/articles/2012/03/20/movie-review-phone-swap-excels/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Andrew Rice nke akwụkwọ akụkọ The New York Times kwuru, sị: &quot;Kunle Afolayan chọrọ imenye gị ụjọ, ọ chọrọ ime gị obi ụtọ, ọ chọrọ ime ka ị chịa ọchị, mana nke kachasị, ọ ga-achọ ka ị kwụsịtụ ekweghị ekwe gị - na nkata ya, nke na-adịkarị n'elu, kamakwa banyere ihe ga-ekwe omume na Africa.&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/26/magazine/nollywood-movies.html?_r=2&amp;pagewanted=all&amp;|title=A Scorsese in Lagos|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=23 February 2012|accessdate=22 April 2014|author=Rice, Andrew}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shari Bollers nke Afridiziak kwuru, &quot;Ekepụtara ihe odide niile iji mee ka ndị na-ege ntị nwee mmasị na ha na iso ha chịa ọchị. Site n'ịgbanwe asụsụ abụọ nke obodo na Bekee, ọ dị mfe ịgbaso. Ọ bụ ihe nkiri nke gụnyere mmadụ niile wee mee ka anyị nwee ọchị. Ma onye Naijiria ma ọ bụ na ọ bụghị, ị ga-ahụ ihe nkiri a na-atọ ọchị.&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.afridiziak.com/theatrenews/reviews/nov2012/phone-swap-directed-by-kunle-afolayan.html|title=Phone Swap directed by Kunle Afolayan, OHTV screening at the BFI|publisher=Afridiziak|date=4 November 2012|accessdate=22 April 2014|author=Bollers, Shari}}&lt;/ref&gt; Caitlin Pearson nke ''The Africa Channel'' kwuru, sị: &quot;Ihe na-eme atụmatụ nke ''Phone Swap na-'' etinye aka bụ ihe ngosi sitere na ndị n'ime ihe nkiri ámá ámá, na ihe ngosi dị na sinima ya nke na-enye anyị ohere ịhụ Nigeria karịa ihe nkiri Nollywood ọ bụla nwere ike ịtụ anya ya. &lt;ref name=&quot;The africa Channel&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.theafricachannel.co.uk/african-odysseys-bfi-film-africa-2012-phone-swap-review/|title=Phone Swap review - The Africa Channel UK|publisher=The africa Channel|work=The africa Channel, UK|date=10 November 2012|accessdate=22 April 2014|author=Pearson, Caitlin|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150126023854/http://www.theafricachannel.co.uk/african-odysseys-bfi-film-africa-2012-phone-swap-review/|archive-date=26 January 2015|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Francis McKay nke Flick Hunter nyere kpakpando 3 n'ime 4 ma kwubie: &quot;Kunle Afolayan mere ihe nkiri a na-ekiri nke ọma nke nwere akụkọ ọma na ihe nkiri nke ndị omere abụọ nwere nkà duziri. Ihe nkiri a bụ ezigbo nnọchite anya Naịjirịa. . &quot; . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://flickhunter.blogspot.ca/2013/02/phone-swap.html|title=TBFF Film Review - Phone Swap|publisher=Flick Hunter|date=18 February 2013|accessdate=10 May 2014|author=McKay, Francis}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kemi Filani kwuru banyere ihe ngosi dị mma nke ụmụ nwanyị na ihe nkiri ahụ: &quot;Ahụrụ m ụzọ e si egosipụta ụmụ nwanyị. Maka mgbanwe, ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria siri ike, mara ihe ma maa mma. Ọ bụ ezie na ndị inyom nọ na ihe nkiri a nwere ntụpọ, dị ka mmadụ ọ bụla ọzọ, e gosikwara na ha dị mma ma maa mma.&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;Filani, Kemi*&quot; /&gt; Dami Elebe toro nkà ime ihe nkiri nke ndị isi abụọ ahụ na fim ahụ: &quot;Nse Ikpe-Etim ruru ọrụ ihe nkiri a ofụma, ịkpọ okwu zuru oke na klas. Wale Ojo abụghị onye ndu Nollywood. Ọ bụghị nwa okorobịa na-ekpo ọkụ nke anyị na-achọkarị ilegide anya, kama ọ bụ ezigbo nwoke tozuru okè anyị na-achọkwa ịnụ. Ọ gbakọtara n'ọrụ ya nke ọma wee gosi na ọ bụghị otu ihe nkiri dị ịtụnanya kama ọ bụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri nke ga-adịru ndụ na Nollywood.&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;connectNigeria&quot; /&gt; Caitlin Pearson kwuru banyere nka nka nke Wale Ojo site n'ikwu, sị: &quot;Ojo na-amasi n'ezie n'ichegharị ya dị ka onye na-eme ihe nkiri n'ịrụ ọrụ a, ma na-achịkwa àgwà ọjọọ nke Akin na mmetụta ọmịiko&quot;. O tokwara agwa Hafiz Oyetoro mma site n'ikwu na &quot;ọrụ kacha na-atọ ọchị na nke na-atọ ụtọ bụ nke Hafiz Oyetoro bụ onye na-arụ ọrụ enyemaka Akin Alex. Àgwà Alex dị n'ezigbo nguzozi n'etiti ndị na-erubere isi na ndị na-adịghị mma bụ ihe na-atọ ụtọ ikiri.&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;The africa Channel&quot; /&gt;

=== Ụlọ ọrụ igbe-ego enwetere ===
''Phone Swap'' nwere ihe ịga nke ọma nke ukwuu n'ụlọ ọrụ igbe. Ihe nkiri a dekọrọ ₦3,720,000 na ngwụcha izu mmalite. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/08/half-yellow-sun-sets-new-box-office-record/|title=Half of a Yellow Sun sets new box office record|publisher=Vanguard Newspaper|date=6 August 2014|accessdate=31 October 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; O tolitere chaatị ahụ n'izu mbụ nke ntọhapụ ya na Naijiria site na ị nweta ₦20,713,503, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.youflymagonline.com/2012/07/23/oc-box-office-news-phone-swap-leads-the-pack-in-first-half/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120819003622/http://www.youflymagonline.com/2012/07/23/oc-box-office-news-phone-swap-leads-the-pack-in-first-half/|archivedate=19 August 2012|title=OC Box Office News – Phone Swap Leads the Pack in First Half|publisher=You Fly Magazine Online|work=You Fly Magazine|date=23 July 2012|accessdate=22 April 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/nigerian-box-office-obi-emelonyes-last-flight-to-abuja-dominating-the-charts|title=Nigerian Box Office: Obi Emelonye's 'Last Flight To Abuja' Dominating The Charts|publisher=Shadow and Act - IndieWire|work=[[Indiewire]]|date=18 October 2012|accessdate=22 April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140426233507/http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/nigerian-box-office-obi-emelonyes-last-flight-to-abuja-dominating-the-charts|archivedate=26 April 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; etipu ihe nkiri dị ka ''Wrath of the Titans'' na ''John carter'' . Ekwuru na nke a bụ n'ihi ọnụ ọgụgụ ngosi oge enyere na Phone ''Swap'' na-egosi ugboro 6 na ụbọchị na ulo ihe nkiri. A kọkwara na ihe nkiri ahụ nwere ọtụtụ nyocha maka ụlọ ọrụ na ụdị. &lt;ref name=&quot;Phone Swap excels in Box Office&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.360nobs.com/2012/04/phone-swap-beats-wraths-of-the-titans-john-carter-and-other-hollywood-films-in-box-office/|title=Phone Swap beats Wraths of the Titans, John carter and Other Hollywood Films in Box Office|publisher=360Nobs.com|work=360Nobs|date=11 April 2012|accessdate=20 April 2014|archivedate=30 October 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131030054415/http://www.360nobs.com/2012/04/phone-swap-beats-wraths-of-the-titans-john-carter-and-other-hollywood-films-in-box-office/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọzọkwa, ihe nkiri ahụ nwetara nhọpụta na Africa Movie Academy Awards obere oge tupu ewepụtara ihe nkiri izugbe. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2012/04/phone-swap-excels-in-box-office/|title=Phone Swap excels in Box Office|publisher=Vanguard|work=Vanguard Newspaper|date=13 April 2012|accessdate=24 March 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ihe nrite ===
Ihe nkiri ahụ nwetara aha anọ na 8th Africa Movie Academy Awards gụnyere ụdị ihe nkiri Nigeria kacha mma . O mechara nweta ihe nrite maka Achievement in Production Design. Ọ natara nhọpụta kachasị na 2012 Best of Nollywood Awards na nhọpụta iri wee nweta ihe nrite maka Best Production Set; Nse Ikpe Etim nwetakwara ihe nrite maka onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha mma n'ihe nkiri bekee. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://thenet.ng/2012/11/who-won-what-at-the-best-of-nollywood-awards-2012/|title=Who won what at the Best of Nollywood Awards 2012|publisher=The Net NG|work=Nigerian Entertainment Today|date=12 November 2012|accessdate=26 April 2014|author=Jasanya, Olamide}}&lt;/ref&gt; Phone ''Swap'' nwetakwara ọtụtụ nhọpụta na ọtụtụ mmeri na 2013 Nollywood Movies Awards na ngụkọta nke iri na abụọ nhọpụta wee nweta ihe nrite maka ihe nkiri kacha mma, Onye n'ime ihe nkiri kacha na-akwado ọrụ nke Hafeez Oyetoro, Onye n'ime ihe nkiri nwanyị kacha akwado ọrụ nke Ada Ameh, onye kacha ese ihe nkiri, Ihe onyonyo izizi izizi na ihe nkiri kacha elu nke afọ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://dailystar.com.ng/2013/10/13/nma2013-full-list-winners-nollywood-movies-awards/|title=NMA2013: Full list of winners at the Nollywood Movies Awards|publisher=Daily Star|work=Daily Star|date=13 October 2013|accessdate=25 April 2014|author=Kaymi|archivedate=16 October 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131016054408/http://dailystar.com.ng/2013/10/13/nma2013-full-list-winners-nollywood-movies-awards/}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.premiumnigerianmovies.com/list-of-winners-nollywood-movies-awards-2013-2065/|title=List of Winners: Nollywood Movies Awards 2013|publisher=Premium Nigerian Movies|work=Premium Nigerian Movies|accessdate=25 April 2014|archivedate=26 April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140426234039/http://www.premiumnigerianmovies.com/list-of-winners-nollywood-movies-awards-2013-2065/}}&lt;/ref&gt; A họpụtara ya maka ihe nrite asatọ na 2013 Golden Icons Academy Movie Awards, ebe Kunle Afolayan meriri ụdị onye isi kachasị mma.
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%&quot;
|+Ndepụta Ihe nrite zuru ezu
!Ihe nrite
! Ubochi mmemme
!Udi
!Ndị nwetere na ndị a hoputara
!Nsonaazụ
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Africa Film Academy &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; (8th Africa Movie Academy Awards)&lt;ref name=&quot;AMAA&quot; /&gt;
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |22 Eprel 2012
|Ihe nkiri kacha mma
|Kunle Afolayan
| {{nom}}
|-
|Nkà ihe nkiri a mmepụta nke oma
|Pat Nebo
| {{won}}
|-
|Onye n'ime ihe nkiri kacha akwado na ọrụ
|Hafeez Oyetoro
| {{nom}}
|-
|Onye n'ime ihe nkiri kacha edu oru
|Wale Ojo
| {{nom}}
|-
|Abuja International Film Festival &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; (2012 Golden Jury Awards)&lt;ref name=&quot;IMDB&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2198109/awards?ref_=tt_awd|title=Phone Swap - Awards|publisher=Internet Movie Database|work=IMDb|accessdate=20 April 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;The Net&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://thenet.ng/2012/09/nigeria-leads-the-pack-again-at-the-abuja-international-film-festival/|title=Nigeria leads the pack again at the Abuja International Film Festival|publisher=The NET|work=Nigerian Entertainment Today|date=28 September 2012|accessdate=25 April 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Septemba 2012
|Best Film
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Kunle Afolayan
| {{won}}
|-
|Abuja International Film Festival &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; (2012 Festival Prize)&lt;ref name=&quot;IMDB&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;The Net&quot; /&gt;
|Nduzi ihe nkiri pụrụ iche
| {{won}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;10&quot; |BON Magazine &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; (2012 Best of Nollywood Awards)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://nollywoodmindspace.com/2012/09/09/best-of-nollywood-awards-list-of-nominees/|title=BON WINNERS|accessdate=23 March 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141015035529/http://nollywoodmindspace.com/2012/09/09/best-of-nollywood-awards-list-of-nominees/|archivedate=15 October 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| rowspan=&quot;10&quot; |11 Novemba 2012
|Onye n'ime ihe nkiri nwanyị kacha mma na ọrụ ndu -Bekee
|[[Nse Ikpe-Etim|Nse Ikpe Etim]]
| {{won}}
|-
|Onye n'ime ihe nkiri kacha akwado na ihe nkiri Bekee
|Hafeez Oyetoro
| {{nom}}
|-
|Onye n'ime ihe nkiri kacha edu na ihe nkiri Bekee
|Wale Ojo
| {{nom}}
|-
|Onye nduzi nke afọ
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Kunle Afolayan
| {{nom}}
|-
|Ihe nkiri nke afọ
| {{nom}}
|-
|Igosi ihe nkiri nke afọ
|[[Kemi Adesoye]]
| {{nom}}
|-
|Ịse ihe nkiri nke afọ
|Yinka Edward
| {{nom}}
|-
|Ihe nkiri kacha enwe ụda egwu
|Biodun Oni, Eilam Hoffman
| {{nom}}
|-
|Ihe nkiri a meziri nke ọma
|Yemi Jolaoso
| {{nom}}
|-
|Ihe nkiri kacha nwee ndị mmepụta ihe
|Pat Nebo
| {{won}}
|-
|MultiChoice &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; (2013 Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.bellanaija.com/tag/2013-africa-magic-viewers-choice-awards/|title=AMVCA 2013 WINNERS|accessdate=22 March 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|9 Maachị 2013
|Ihe nkiri kacha mma (ntọ ọchị)
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Kunle Afolayan
| {{nom}}
|-
|NollywoodWeek Paris &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; (2013 NollywoodWeek Paris Awards)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.nollywoodweek.com/edition-2013/|title=Edition 2013|publisher=NollywoodWeek Paris|date=June 2013|accessdate=24 March 2015|archivedate=10 June 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150610005638/http://www.nollywoodweek.com/edition-2013/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Jụnu 2013
|Ihe nrite ọha chọrọ
| {{won}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;12&quot; |Nollywood Movies Network &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; (2013 Nollywood Movies Awards)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.360nobs.com/2013/10/nma2013-nollywood-movies-awards-2013-winners-full-list/|title=NMA 2013 Winners|publisher=360nobs|accessdate=24 March 2014|archivedate=29 November 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129060437/http://www.360nobs.com/2013/10/nma2013-nollywood-movies-awards-2013-winners-full-list/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| rowspan=&quot;12&quot; |12 Ọktoba 2013
|Ihe nkiri kacha mma
| {{won}}
|-
|Onye n'ime ihe nkiri kacha edu na orụ
|Wale Ojo
| {{nom}}
|-
|Onye n'ime ihe nkiri kacha akwado na ọrụ
|Hafeez Oyetoro
| {{won}}
|-
|Onye n'ime ihe nkiri nwanyị kacha akwado na ọrụ
|Ada Ameh
| {{won}}
|-
|Onye nduzi kacha mma
|Kunle Afolayan
| {{nom}}
|-
|Ihe nkiri a meziri nke ọma
|Yemi Jolaoso
| {{nom}}
|-
|Ihe nkiri a sere nke oma
|Yinka Edward
| {{won}}
|-
|Ihe ngosi mbụ kacha mma
|[[Kemi Adesoye]]
| {{won}}
|-
|Ihe nkiri kacha mma na ejiji
|Titi Aluko
| {{nom}}
|-
|Ihe nkiri kacha wee ndị Nkà
|Pat Nebo
| {{nom}}
|-
|Kacha nwee ụda egwu
|Truth
| {{nom}}
|-
|Ihe nkiri kacha na Box office
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Kunle Afolayan
| {{won}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;8&quot; |Golden Icons Magazine &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; (2013 Golden Icons Academy Movie Awards)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.ngtrends.com/2013/08/full-lists-of-nominees-for-the-2013-golden-icons-academy-movie-awards-giama-awards/|title=Full Lists Of Nominees For The 2013 Golden Icons Academy Movie Awards (GIAMA)|publisher=NG Trends|date=20 August 2013|accessdate=16 August 2014|author=Ayex Money}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.360nobs.com/2013/10/full-list-of-winners-for-giama-2013/|title=Full List of Winners for Golden Icons Academy Movie Awards 2013 Released|publisher=360nobs.com|work=360 Nobs|date=24 October 2013|accessdate=16 August 2014|author=Cole, Mistah}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| rowspan=&quot;8&quot; |19 Ọktoba 2013
|Best Motion Picture
| {{nom}}
|-
|Kacha nduzi
| {{won}}
|-
|Kacha n'ise ihe nkiri
|Yinka Edward, Alfred Chia
| {{nom}}
|-
|Kacha ntọ ọchị
|Kunle Afolayan
| {{nom}}
|-
|Kacha ime ihe nkiri 
|[[Nse Ikpe-Etim|Nse Ikpe Etim]]
| {{nom}}
|-
|Onye n'ime ihe nkiri kwekariri nkwà (onye n'ime ihe nkiri ofu kacha mma)
|Wale Ojo
| {{nom}}
|-
|Ihe igosi mbụ kacha 3
|[[Kemi Adesoye]]
| {{nom}}
|-
|Onye mmepụta ihe nkiri kacha mma na afọ
|Kunle Afolayan
| {{nom}}
|}

== Mgbasa ozi ụlọ ==
N'Ogustu 2012, a mara ọkwa na OHTV enwetala ikike TV maka ''Phone Swap'' . A tọhapụrụ ya na nyiwe VOD; gụnyere OHTV, Ibaka TV, na [https://web.archive.org/web/20190830203848/https://watch.demandafrica.com/details/phone-swap-movie Demand Africa] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/uk-usa-rights-to-nigerian-kunle-afolayans-rom-com-phone-swap-acquired-by-ohtv|title=UK &amp; USA Rights To Nigerian Kunle Afolayan's Rom-Com 'Phone Swap' Acquired By OHTV|publisher=IndieWire|date=12 August 2012|accessdate=20 April 2014|author=Obenson, Tambay A.|archivedate=22 December 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141222122207/http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/uk-usa-rights-to-nigerian-kunle-afolayans-rom-com-phone-swap-acquired-by-ohtv}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.ibakatv.com/movie/phone-swap|title=Phone Swap - Ibaka TV|accessdate=22 April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140423084022/http://www.ibakatv.com/movie/phone-swap|archivedate=April 23, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; E wepụtara ihe nkiri a na DVD na 15 Disemba 2014. &lt;ref name=&quot;news24&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.news24.com.ng/Entertainment/News/Kunle-Afolayan-set-to-release-Phone-Swap-in-DVD-20141208|title=Kunle Afolayan set to release Phone Swap in DVD|publisher=News 24|date=8 December 2014|accessdate=22 December 2014|archivedate=22 December 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141222130914/http://www.news24.com.ng/Entertainment/News/Kunle-Afolayan-set-to-release-Phone-Swap-in-DVD-20141208}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.punchng.com/entertainment/saturday-beats/phone-swap-tango-with-me-now-on-dvd/|title=Phone Swap, Tango with Me now on DVD|publisher=The Punch NG|date=20 December 2014|accessdate=22 December 2014|archivedate=22 December 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141222122836/http://www.punchng.com/entertainment/saturday-beats/phone-swap-tango-with-me-now-on-dvd/}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://thenet.ng/2014/12/g-media-releases-phone-swap-tango-with-me-on-dvd/|title=G-Media releases 'Phone Swap,' 'Tango with Me' on DVD|publisher=The NET NG|date=15 December 2014|accessdate=22 December 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Afolayan kwuru n'ajụjụ ọnụ na-igbu oge na ntọhapụ DVD bụ n'ihi atụmatụ inwe usoro nkesa nke ọma maka DVD ka o wee belata mmebi iwu nwebisiinka nke ihe nkiri ahụ n'ọkwa kacha nta. &lt;ref name=&quot;thenet1&quot; /&gt; G-Media na-ekesa DVD, &lt;ref name=&quot;leadership&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://leadership.ng/entertainment/396306/g-media-releases-phone-swap-tango-dvd|title=G-Media Releases Phone Swap, Tango With Me On DVD|publisher=Leadership Newspaper|date=19 December 2014|accessdate=22 December 2014|author=Nda-Isaiah, Solomon|archivedate=22 December 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141222123550/http://leadership.ng/entertainment/396306/g-media-releases-phone-swap-tango-dvd}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://businessdayonline.com/2014/12/phone-swap-tango-with-me-goes-on-dvd/#.VJdbBf8BDA|title='Phone Swap', 'Tango with Me' goes on DVD|publisher=BusinessDay Online|date=19 December 2014|accessdate=22 December 2014|archivedate=23 December 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223145606/http://businessdayonline.com/2014/12/phone-swap-tango-with-me-goes-on-dvd/#.VJdbBf8BDA}}&lt;/ref&gt; na-egosipụtakwa ihe efu dị ka &quot;otu asi mee ihe nkiri&quot; na &quot;Ime nke. . &quot; . &lt;ref name=&quot;news24&quot; /&gt; E wepụtakwara ngwugwu DVD pụrụ iche nke akpọrọ &quot; ''Kunle Afolayan's Collection'' &quot; nke nwere ihe nkiri abụọ ndị ọzọ Kunle Afolayan duziri. &lt;ref name=&quot;leadership&quot; /&gt;

== Hụkwa ==

* Ndepụta ihe nkiri Naijiria nke 2012

== Nsidee ==
 {{reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Official website
* {{IMDb title|2198109|Phone Swap}} 
* Phone Swap 
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20190830203848/https://watch.demandafrica.com/details/phone-swap-movie Gbanwee ekwentị] na [https://watch.demandafrica.com/ ọchịchọ Africa]
[[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>October 1 (film)</title>
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'''''Ọktoba 1''''' bụ ihe nkiri 2014 Nigerian ihe nkiri mkpali obi Ihe gbasara ahụike uche gbara ọchịchịrị nke Tunde Babalola dere, nke Kunle Afolayan mebere ma duzie ya. Ọ gosiputara Sadiq Daba, Kayode Olaiya, David Bailie, [[Kehinde Bankole]], [[Kanayo O. Kanayo]], Fabian Adeoye Lojede, Nick Rhys, Kunle Afolayan, Femi Adebayo, [[Bimbo Manuel]], Ibrahim Chatta and introducing Demola Adedoyin; ọ na-egosipụtakwa ọdịdị pụrụ iche site na [[Deola Sagoe]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.october1movie.com/synopsis-2/|title=Synopsis; October 1 – A Kunle Afolayan Movie|publisher=October1movie.com|accessdate=2014-03-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220005731/http://www.october1movie.com/synopsis-2/|archivedate=2013-12-20}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ihe nkiri a, nke edobere na Colonial Nigeria, na-akọ akụkọ Danladi Waziri (Sadiq Daba), onye uwe ojii sitere na Northern Nigeria bụ onye ezigara n'obodo dịpụrụ adịpụ nke Akote na Western Nigeria iji nyochaa ikpe igbu ụmụ nwanyị na-emekarị na obodo. ma dozie ihe omimi ahụ tupu ebulie ọkọlọtọ Naijiria na October 1, ụbọchị nnwere onwe Naijiria .

Onye isi ihe nkiri ahụ, Dan Waziri, nyere ihe ịma aka karịsịa n'oge nkedo, ebe onye nduzi nwere ọdịdị pụrụ iche ọ chọrọ maka agwa ahụ; Emechara họrọ Daba maka ọrụ ahụ mgbe enyochachara nyocha, wee bụrụ nlọghachi ya na nnukwu onyonyo mgbe ihe karịrị afọ iri nke mere na-anọghị na ụlọ ọrụihr nkiri. &lt;ref name=&quot;channels&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xjp3ebLtQ5I|title=EN- Kunle Afolayan Speaks On New Flick ''October 1''|publisher=[[YouTube]]|work=YouTube|accessdate=29 May 2014|author=Channels TV}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ihe nkiri ahụ nwetara nkwado site n'aka [[Ȯra Lagos|gọọmentị Lagos State]], Toyota Nigeria, Elizade Motors, Guinness na Sovereign Trust Insurance. &lt;ref name=&quot;Smart Monkey TV.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ec312lnylF8|title=Kunle Afolayan on his latest film October 1 - An eve of independence thriller|publisher=[[YouTube]]|work=YouTube|accessdate=29 May 2014|author=Smart Monkey TV.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; A gbara ya na [[Lagos|Legọs]] na [[Ȯra Ondo|Ondo steeti]] ihe karịrị ụbọchị iri anọ site na iji  RED Cameras, &lt;ref name=&quot;Tribune&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.tribune.com.ng/arts-culture/item/13496-october-1-another-quality-offering-from-kunle-afolayan|title=October 1: Another quality offering from Kunle Afolayan|publisher=Tribune Nigeria|work=Tribune Newspaper|date=17 August 2014|accessdate=18 August 2014|archivedate=19 August 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819061907/http://www.tribune.com.ng/arts-culture/item/13496-october-1-another-quality-offering-from-kunle-afolayan}}&lt;/ref&gt; ka ọnwa anọ gachara. Emepụta imepụta ihe nkiri ahụ site na Pat Nebo, onye sokwala Afolayan rụkọọ ọrụ n'ọrụ ihe nkiri ya gara aga; ya na ndị otu ya mere ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ọkara nke ihe eji eme ihe na fim ahụ, ebe ihe ndị ọzọ dị ka ihe nkiri telivishọn sitere na 1950, Nkenke egbe na ụgbọ ala ochie, Ka a nwetara ma megharịa maka ihe nkiri ahụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;allafric&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201408110152.html?page=2|title=Nigeria: October 1 Will Open New Chapter in My Life - Kunle Afolayan|publisher=allAfrica.com|work=AllAfrica|date=9 August 2014|accessdate=18 August 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;dstv&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://africamagic.dstv.com/2013/10/08/kunle-afolayan-talks-up-october-1st/|title=Kunle Afolayan talks up October 1st|publisher=Africa Magic|work=[[DStv]]|date=8 October 2013|accessdate=22 June 2014|author=Akande, Peju}}&lt;/ref&gt; Golden Effects sokwa [[Deola Sagoe|Haute Couture rụkọọ ọrụ]] iji nye ejiji a yiri na fim ahụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;nation paper&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://thenationonlineng.net/new/2m-budget-movie-afolayan-hits-location/|title=$2m-budget movie: Afolayan hits location|publisher=The Nation|work=The Nation Newspaper|date=10 August 2013|accessdate=22 June 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;the nation newspaper&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://thenationonlineng.net/new/we-need-more-sponsors-says-kunle-afolayan-on-2m-budget-movie/|title=We need more sponsors, says Kunle Afolayan on $2m- budget movie|publisher=The Nation Nigeria|work=The Nation Newspaper|date=25 August 2013|accessdate=29 May 2014|author=Akande, Victor}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mgbe ọtụtụ ntọhapụ yigharịrị, ihe nkiri ahụ nwere ọtụtụ ihe ngosi pụrụ iche ma mesịa malite na 28 September 2014; &lt;ref name=&quot;allAfrica.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201408110152.html|title=Nigeria: October 1 Will Open New Chapter in My Life - Kunle Afolayan|publisher=allAfrica.com|work=AllAfrica|date=9 August 2014|accessdate=18 August 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; mmalite ya nke akpọrọ &quot;'60s&quot;, chọrọ ndị ọbịa ka ha jiri ejiji na edozi isi sitere na 1960s. &lt;ref name=&quot;bella&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2014/09/29/the-stars-come-out-60s-style-first-photos-from-the-lagos-premiere-of-kunle-afolayans-october-1/|title=The Stars Come Out 60s Style! First Photos from the Lagos Premiere of Kunle Afolayan's &quot;October 1&quot;|publisher=bellanaija.com|work=Bella Naija|date=29 September 2014|accessdate=2 October 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ihe ngosi mbụ ahụ nyekwara nlegharị anya nke setịpụ, ma gosipụtakwa ihe eji eme ihe na ihe eji eme ihe nkiri. &lt;ref name=&quot;allafricanews&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201410100664.html|title=Nigeria: How Afolayan's October 1 Excavated Rare Museum Pieces in Lagos|publisher=allAfrica.com|work=The Guardian|accessdate=11 October 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; A zutere ihe nkiri ahụ na nnabata dị oke egwu dị mma, &lt;ref name=&quot;this day&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/a-movie-with-a-royal-touch/187134/|title=A MOVIE WITH A ROYAL TOUCH|publisher=This Day Live|work=This Day Newspaper|date=24 August 2014|accessdate=14 September 2014|author=Kan, Toni|archivedate=14 September 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140914044044/http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/a-movie-with-a-royal-touch/187134/}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Sodasandpopcorn&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2014/10/08/sodas-popcorn-movie-review-october-1/|title=Sodas &amp; Popcorn Movie Review: October 1|publisher=Sodas and Popcorn|work=Bella Naija|date=8 October 2014|accessdate=9 October 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;ynaija&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://ynaija.com/movie-review-october-1-shining-example-nollywood-rising/|title=Review: Why you should be very proud of @KunleAfolayan's October 1|publisher=YNaija!|date=October 2014|accessdate=16 October 2014|author=Okiche, Wilfred}}&lt;/ref&gt; -etokarị maka mmepụta ya, ihe nkiri sinima na nyocha nke isiokwu gụnyere agbụrụ, &lt;ref name=&quot;weekly trust&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://weeklytrust.com.ng/index.php/magazine-cover/13221-sadiq-daba-i-can-t-be-part-of-kannywood|title=Sadiq Daba I can't be part of Kannywood|publisher=Weekly Trust|work=Weekly Trust Newspaper|date=13 July 2013|accessdate=29 May 2014|author=Alhassan, Amina|archivedate=2 May 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502062712/http://weeklytrust.com.ng/index.php/magazine-cover/13221-sadiq-daba-i-can-t-be-part-of-kannywood}}&lt;/ref&gt; Western imperialism, &lt;ref name=&quot;punch&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.punchng.com/feature/midweek-revue/ive-spent-over-n200m-on-october-1-afolayan/|title=I've spent over N200m on October 1 – Afolayan|publisher=The Punch NG|work=The Punch Newspaper|date=13 August 2014|accessdate=18 August 2014|author=Augoye, Jane|archivedate=19 August 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819155641/http://www.punchng.com/feature/midweek-revue/ive-spent-over-n200m-on-october-1-afolayan/}}&lt;/ref&gt; pedophilia, &lt;ref name=&quot;punch&quot; /&gt; [[nwoke idina nwoke]], &lt;ref name=&quot;punch&quot; /&gt; Nigeria jikọrọ ọnụ, &lt;ref name=&quot;punch&quot; /&gt; na ime ka njikọ siri ike n'etiti omenala ọdịda anyanwụ na ihe kpatara ọgụ Boko Haram nke oge a . &lt;ref name=&quot;punch&quot; /&gt;

== Atụmatụ ==
Ihe nkiri a meghere site na onyonyo nke otu nwa agbọghọ nke otu nwoke ọ maghị dinara ya n'ike. Onye nyocha Danladi Waziri ( Sadiq Daba ) na-akpọ ndị agha Briten na-achị ka o wepụta akwụkwọ nke nchoputa ya banyere usoro igbu ọchụ na-amaghị nwoke nke mere na Akote. Ihe nkiri a na-atụgharị azụ azụ, dịka onye nyocha Waziri na-akọ akụkọ ya maka ihe ọ chọpụtara na ahụmahụ ya site na ọbịbịa ya n'obodo Akote; Sergeant Afonja (Kayode Aderupoko) nabatara ya nke ọma. Mgbe o rutere n'ámá obodo, Danladi hụrụ ka ndị obodo na-eme ememe onye na-agba ịnyịnya, bụ onye Afonja mechara mara na ọ bụ Prince Aderopo (Demola Adedoyin). Ọ ka si n’obodo ahụ lọta, dị ka onye mbụ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na mahadum n’obodo ahụ. Danladi na-achọpụta myirịta anụ ahụ na ọnọdụ ọnọdụ n'ime ụmụ agbọghọ na-amaghị nwoke nwụrụ anwụ, ma chepụta na ọ ga-abụrịrị igbu mmadụ. Danladi na Afonja gara n'ihu na nyocha ha; Ndị ọrụ ahụ gbara Agbekoya ( Kunle Afolayan ) ajụjụ ọnụ, onye bụ onye nwe ugbo ebe e gburu nwanyu ahụ. Agbekoya na-agọnarị ihe ọ bụla gbasara ihe omume butere igbu mmadụ ma emesịa tọhapụ ya site n'aka onye nleba anya Waziri n'ihi ihe mgbochi asụsụ dị n'etiti ha.

Ihe nkiri a na-alaghachi azụ n'oge a, ka Danladi na-emechi akụkọ ya na ndị ọrụ Britain. Ndị uwe ojii megidere ọchịchọ ya ikwu eziokwu banyere onye bụ ezigbo onye na-egbu ya ma na-agwa ya ka ọ ghara ịgwa onye ọ bụla banyere ya. Ọ na-ala azụ ekweta ihe ha na-arịọ maka nnwere onwe udo.

== Nkedo ==

* Sadiq Daba ka onye nyocha Danladi Waziri
* Kayode Aderupoko dị ka Inspector Sunday Afonja
* Demola Adedoyin dị ka Prince Aderopo
* [[Kehinde Bankole]] dị ka Miss Tawa
* Kunle Afolayan as Agbekoya
* Fabian Adeoye Lojede as Corporal Omolodun
* [[Kanayo O. Kanayo]] dị ka Okafor
* Ibrahim Chatta dị ka Sumonu
* Bimbo Manuel dị ka Canon Kuforiji
* Femi Adebayo dị ka Banji
* Abiodun Aleja dị ka Olaitan
* Nick Rhys dị ka Winterbottom
* [[Deola Sagoe]] dị ka [[Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti]]
* David Bailie dị ka Ackerman
* Colin David Reese dị ka Reverend Dowling
* Lawrence Stubbings dị ka Tomkins
* Ifayemi Elebuibon dị ka Baba Ifa
* [[Meg Otanwa]] dị ka Yejide &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://m.imdb.com/title/tt3206616/fullcredits/cast?ref_=m_tt_cl_sc|title=Full Cast and Crew: October 1 (2014)|publisher=[[IMDb]]|accessdate=November 12, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mmepụta ==

=== Mmepe ===
Kunle Afolayan chọrọ akụkọ e debere n'obere obodo; o mere ka ndị ode akwụkwọ nyefe edemede tupu ya ezute Tunde Babalola bụ onye mechara dee edemede maka ihe nkiri ahụ. Edere edemede ahụ na mbụ ya na aha ''Dust,''&lt;ref name=&quot;Jasanya, Olamide&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://thenet.ng/2014/05/net-exclusive-kunle-afolayan-opens-up-on-his-new-film-and-relocation-plans/|title=NET EXCLUSIVE: Kunle Afolayan opens up on his new film and relocation plans|publisher=The NET|work=The Nigerian Entertainment Today|date=19 May 2014|accessdate=22 June 2014|author=Jasanya, Olamide|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140622081057/http://thenet.ng/2014/05/net-exclusive-kunle-afolayan-opens-up-on-his-new-film-and-relocation-plans/|archivedate=22 June 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; ọkachasị n'ihi na edobere akụkọ ahụ n'obodo nwere uzuzu nke ukwuu. &lt;ref name=&quot;punch&quot;/&gt; N'agbanyeghị na Afolayan achọghị ịrụ nnukwu ọrụ mmefu ego n'oge ahụ, ọ maara na o nweghị nhọrọ, ebe ọ chọrọ ịkọwa ọhụụ onye edemede nke ọma n'ihi na ọ bụ &quot;ihe nkiri mba nke nwere mmasị zuru ụwa ọnụ&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;Jasanya, Olamide&quot; /&gt; O kwuputara na akụkọ nke ''October 1'' masịrị ya n'ihi na ọ bụ akwụkwọ mpempe akwụkwọ, nke ọ na-emetụbeghị mbụ na &quot;ọ dịkwa mkpa maka ọnọdụ Naijiria dị ugbu a&quot;. N'ihi ya, o kpebiri inyocha ihe nkiri ahụ site n'ịgbakwụnye echiche nke ya na edemede ndị ọzọ nke edemede ahụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;channels&quot;/&gt; N'ajụjụ ọnụ, Afolayan mere ka ọ pụta ìhè na ''October 1'' abụghị naanị ihe nkiri ntụrụndụ, kamakwa ọ na-enye nkọwa: &quot;Maka ndị agadi, karịsịa ndị bụ akụkụ nke nnwere onwe, ha ga-enwe ike ịhụ onwe ha na ihe nkiri a. Maka ndị na-eto eto ọ bụ ikpo okwu maka ọtụtụ n'ime ha na-amaghị akụkọ Naijiria.&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;dstv&quot;/&gt; O kwukwara na: &quot;Anyị chọrọ ka ndị na-eto eto mara ebe anyị si na ndị okenye mara ma anyị na-aga n'ụzọ ziri ezi&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;Akinwale, Funsho&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://theeagleonline.com.ng/top-celebrities-laud-kunle-afolayans-october-1-film/|title=Top celebrities laud Kunle Afolayan's ;October 1' film|publisher=The Eagle Online|work=The Eagle Newspaper|date=22 May 2014|accessdate=29 May 2014|author=Akinwale, Funsho}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Nkedo ===

Dị ka Afolayan si kwuo, ekwesịrị ịkpachapụ anya n'oge ihe nkedo n'ihi na ọ bụ otu n'ime isi ihe nwere ike ịme ma ọ bụ mebie ihe nkiri dị ka ''October 1'' . &lt;ref name=&quot;Channels TV&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xjp3ebLtQ5I|title=EN- Kunle Afolayan Speaks On New Flick ''October 1''|publisher=[[YouTube]]|work=YouTube|accessdate=29 May 2014|author=Channels TV}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nleta ihe nkiri ahụ nke mere na 6 June 2013 na Golden Effects Studios dị [[Ikeja|n'Ikeja]] dekọrọ ihe karịrị mmadụ 1000 bịara. &lt;ref name=&quot;The Nation&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Akande, Victor&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://thenationonlineng.net/new/kunle-afolayan-releases-poster-for-october-1/|title=Kunle Afolayan releases poster for October 1|publisher=The Nation|work=The Nation Newspaper|date=13 July 2013|accessdate=22 June 2014|author=Akande, Victor}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kunle Afolayan dị ka n'ihe nkiri ya gara aga e gosiri na ''October 1'' dị ka onye ọrụ ugbo nke aha ya bụ Agbekoya. Maka ọrụ ya, ọ ga-ahapụ ntutu ya ruo oge ụfọdụ ka o wee hapụ ya ka ọ too. O kwukwara na mkparịtaụka ya na Toni Kan na Peju Akande na Africa Magic na-agwakwa ụfọdụ ndị na-eme ihe nkiri ka ha hapụ ntutu na ajị ha ihe dị ka otu afọ maka ihe nkiri a. &lt;ref name=&quot;Akande, Peju; Kan, Toni&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://africamagic.dstv.com/2013/10/08/kunle-afolayan-talks-up-october-1st/|title=Kunle Afolayan talks up October 1st|publisher=Africa Magic|work=[[DStv]]|date=8 October 2013|accessdate=22 June 2014|author=Akande, Peju}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ịse ihe nkiri ===
Ihe nkiri nke echere na mbụ maka Julaị malitere n'Ogustu 2013, ebe ọgụgụ mbụ nke ndị na-eme ihe nkiri na-ewere ọnọdụ na 5 Ọgustu,  mgbe ọnwa anọ nke mbido mmeputa. Ise ihe nkiri a malitere na ochie Railway Quarters dị na Lagos ebe ha si na Ilara-Mokin, obere obodo dị na Ondo State; Onye nduzi ya na ụfọdụ ndị ọrụ na ndị ọzọ gara Ilara-Mokin ka ha chọọ ebe a ga ese ihe nkiri a na May 2013.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jasanya, Olamide&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Akande, Victor&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;thenationonlineng.net&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://thenationonlineng.net/new/we-need-more-sponsors-says-kunle-afolayan-on-2m-budget-movie/|title=We need more sponsors, says Kunle Afolayan on $2m- budget movie|publisher=The Nation Nigeria|work=The Nation Newspaper|date=25 August 2013|accessdate=29 May 2014|author=Akande, Victor}}&lt;/ref&gt; Emekwara ihe nkiri na Federal College of Agriculture, Akure na obere obodo gbara agbata obi gburugburu Akure.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jasanya, Olamide&quot; /&gt; Toyota Nigeria nyere ụgbọ njem maka ihe nkedo, ndị ọrụ na ịse ihe nkiri n'oge niile a na-ese foto.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jasanya, Olamide&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;The Nation&quot;/&gt; Ọ nyekwara ebe obibi maka nkedo na ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri mgbe ha na-agbapụ na Ilara-Mokin, nke bụ obodo nke onye isi oche nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ. Ejiri igwefoto RED gbaa ihe nkiri a.&lt;ref name=&quot;Tribune&quot;/&gt;E wepụrụ ihe nrụpụta ọgbara ọhụrụ ewepụtara n'oge ise foto bụ isi n'usoro dijitalụ n'oge nrụpụta.&lt;ref name=&quot;Tribune&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;punch&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/encomiums-for-kunle-afolayan-8217-s-october-1/186527/|title=ENCOMIUMS FOR KUNLE AFOLAYAN'S OCTOBER 1|publisher=This Day Live|work=This Day Newspaper|date=17 August 2014|accessdate=18 August 2014|archivedate=19 August 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819090447/http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/encomiums-for-kunle-afolayan-8217-s-october-1/186527/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nhazi ==
[[Usòrò:Morris_minor_october_1.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb| Otu n'ime ụgbọ ala ochie eji na ''October 1'' ; Morris Minor nke 1964, nke Pristine Automobile, Nigeria weghachiri ya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.pristineautosng.com/index.php/gallery?page=7|title=Pristine Automobile Body Shop - Gallery|publisher=Pristine Automobile Body Shop|work=Pristine Automobile|accessdate=23 June 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]
Ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ọkara nke ihe eji eme ihe na ''October 1'' site na Pat Nebo, onye nduzi nkà na ndị otu ya. &lt;ref name=&quot;allafric&quot;/&gt; A na-esikwa na [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|United States]] [[Obodoézè Nà Ofú|na United Kingdom]] weta ihe nkwado, gụnyere ihe onyonyo na nkenke egbe si na afọ iri ise dịka ha adịghị na Nigeria. Mgbe o degara ndị ọrụ uwe ojii Naịjirịa ọtụtụ akwụkwọ ozi ka ha rịọ maka ngwa agha na ihe eji eme ihe ochie, a chọpụtara na ngalaba ahụ edebeghị ihe ochie ya, nke mere na ebibiela ọtụtụ ihe ndị mere eme. &lt;ref name=&quot;Akande, Peju; Kan, Toni&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.dailytrust.com.ng/sunday/index.php/the-arts/18929-how-kunle-afolayan-made-october-1-rock|title=How Kunle Afolayan made &quot;October 1&quot; rock|publisher=Daily Trust|date=7 December 2014|accessdate=30 March 2015|author=Ibrahim, Abubakar Adam|archivedate=2 April 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402120841/http://www.dailytrust.com.ng/sunday/index.php/the-arts/18929-how-kunle-afolayan-made-october-1-rock}}&lt;/ref&gt; Enweghị ụgbọ ala Toyota na Naijiria n'ime afọ iri isii; nke a mere ka Toyota Nigeria ghara inye ihe eji eme ihe nkiri. &lt;ref name=&quot;Jasanya, Olamide&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;The Nation&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://thenationonlineng.net/new/2m-budget-movie-afolayan-hits-location/|title=$2m-budget movie: Afolayan hits location|publisher=The Nation|work=The Nation Newspaper|date=10 August 2013|accessdate=22 June 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ụfọdụ ụgbọ ala ochie ndị e ji mee ihe nkiri bụ ndị e nwetara na Naijiria; Ọtụtụ n'ime ha emezigharịrị maka ndị nwe ya ka e were ha mee ihe na fim ahụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;allafric&quot; /&gt; A na-edobe ihe eji eme ihe na fim ahụ ugbu a na Golden Effects Studios ma nwee ike ịgbazite ndị na-ese ihe nkiri ndị ọzọ nwere ike ịchọ ha n'ọdịnihu. E nwekwara ihe ngosi na mmalite nke ihe nkiri ahụ na-egosipụta ihe ochie eji eme ihe na ''October 1'' . &lt;ref name=&quot;Akande, Peju; Kan, Toni&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Owambe&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.owambe.com/blog/blog/2014/09/30/photos-from-the-lagos-premiere-of-kunle-afolayans-october-1-movie%E2%80%B3/|title=Photos from the Lagos premiere of Kunle Afolayan's &quot;October 1 movie&quot;|publisher=Owambe.com|work=Owambe Nigeria|date=30 September 2014|accessdate=2 October 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Uda egwu ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Aha
! Onye na-ese ihe
! Ihe ndetu
! Ref
|-
|Sunny Day
| Yvonne Denobis
| nke Yvonne Denobis dere&lt;br /&gt;nke Kulanen Ikyo mebere ya&lt;br /&gt; Site n'ikike nke GraceFM eweghachitere VOL 1
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt3206616/soundtrack?ref_=tt_trv_snd|title=October 1 (2014) - Soundtracks - IMDB|publisher=IMDB|accessdate=6 March 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| &quot;Mama E&quot;
| Victor Abimbola Olaiya
|
|-
| &quot;Ba Ko Daya&quot;
| Victor Abimbola Olaiya
|
|}

== Mmepụta izizi ==

=== Nkwalite ===
N'oge ịse foto nke ''October 1'', Mmalite foto na-mgbe niile wepụtara na ọha site na fim si na-elekọta mmadụ media peeji nke. &lt;ref name=&quot;The Nation&quot;/&gt; E wepụtara akwụkwọ mmado mbụ maka ihe nkiri a na 9 June 2013, bụ nke na-egosi nchikota nke ọkọlọtọ Naijiria na Britain nke obodo oge ochie na-akwado. &lt;ref name=&quot;Nollywood by Mindspace&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://nollywoodmindspace.com/2013/07/09/first-poster-for-kunle-afolayans-october-1-released/|title=First Poster for Kunle Afolayan's 'October 1′ Released|publisher=Nollywood by Mindspace|work=Nollywood By Mindspace|date=9 July 2013|accessdate=22 June 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Akande, Victor&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/first-poster-for-nigerian-helmer-kunle-afolayans-next-the-2-million-thriller-october-1|title=First Poster For Nigerian Helmer Kunle Afolayan's Next - The $2 million Thriller 'October 1'|publisher=Shadow and Act|work=IndieWire|date=11 July 2013|accessdate=22 June 2014|author=Obenson, Tambay A.|archivedate=6 October 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006132023/http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/first-poster-for-nigerian-helmer-kunle-afolayans-next-the-2-million-thriller-october-1}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na 11 Septemba 2013, Golden Effects kpugheere akwụkwọ mmado agwa maka ihe nkiri ahụ n'ụlọ ọrụ Toyota dị na Lagos; Ndị na-eme ihe na mmemme ahụ gụnyere onye isi ụlọ ọrụ Toyota Nigeria na Lagos State Secretary Permanent Secretary nke ọrụ pụrụ iche. &lt;ref name=&quot;The Nation&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;thenationonlineng.net&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://nigeriana.org/blog/21727.html|title=Kunle Afolayan Unveils Character Posters For October 1 – PHOTOS|publisher=Nigeriana Online News|work=Nigeriana|date=11 September 2013|accessdate=29 May 2014|archivedate=5 June 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140605052734/http://nigeriana.org/blog/21727.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://soarnaija.com/photos-kunle-afolayan-unveils-character-posters-for-october-1/|title=PHOTOS Kunle Afolayan unveils character posters for October 1|publisher=SoarNaija|work=Soar Naija|date=11 September 2013|accessdate=29 May 2014|archivedate=5 June 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140605050912/http://soarnaija.com/photos-kunle-afolayan-unveils-character-posters-for-october-1/}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Mgbolu, Charles&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201309121305.html|title=Nigeria: Kunle Afolayan Reveals More Characters in October 1 Film|publisher=all Africa.com|work=Vanguard Newspaper|date=11 September 2013|accessdate=22 June 2014|author=Mgbolu, Charles}}&lt;/ref&gt; E wepụtara ụgbọala na-adọkpụ nke mbụ nke ihe nkiri ahụ na 1 Ọktoba 2013, ụbọchị nnwere onwe nke iri ise na atọ nke Naijiria, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.360nobs.com/2013/10/watch-the-official-trailer-for-kunle-afolayans-october-1-video/|title=Watch The Official Trailer For Kunle Afolayan's October 1 [VIDEO]|publisher=360Nobs.com|work=360 Nobs|date=1 October 2013|accessdate=23 April 2014|author=George, Wana|archivedate=5 June 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140605052326/http://www.360nobs.com/2013/10/watch-the-official-trailer-for-kunle-afolayans-october-1-video/}}&lt;/ref&gt; ụbọchị ebidobere ka e wepụta ihe nkiri ahụ n'onwe ya; &lt;ref name=&quot;Alhassan, Amina&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://wakatiafrica.com/?p=stories&amp;id=3790|title=Nigeria: 'October 1st' Set to Revolutionize African Cinema'|publisher=Wakati Africa|work=Wakati Africa|date=1 June 2013|accessdate=22 June 2014|author=Alhassan, Amina|archivedate=19 August 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819083924/http://wakatiafrica.com/?p=stories&amp;id=3790}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Mgbolu, Charles&quot; /&gt; mgbasa ozi ihe nkiri a nwetara ihe nrite &quot;Best Fiction Film Trailer&quot; na 2013 International Movie Trailers Festival Awards. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/01/kunle-afolayans-oct-1-trailer-wins-award/|title=Kunle Afolayan's 'Oct 1′ trailer wins award|publisher=Vanguard|work=Vanguard Newspaper|date=6 January 2014|accessdate=21 April 2014|author=Mgbolu, Charles}}&lt;/ref&gt; A tọhapụrụ ihe nkiri na ihe ngosi ihe nkiri na YouTube na 27 Ọgọst 2014. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://bunmiodunowo.com/watch-the-teaser-of-kunle-afolayans-movie-october-1-movie/|title=Watch The Teaser Of Kunle Afolayan's Movie 'OCTOBER 1 MOVIE'|date=27 August 2014|accessdate=14 September 2014|author=Odunowo, Bunmi|archivedate=14 October 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141014063650/http://bunmiodunowo.com/watch-the-teaser-of-kunle-afolayans-movie-october-1-movie/}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://pulse.ng/movies/movie-premiere-alert-kunle-afolayan-set-to-premiere-october-1-id3085434.html|title=Kunle Afolayan Set to Premiere 'October 1'|publisher=Pulse NG|work=Pulse|date=27 August 2014|accessdate=14 September 2014|author=Izuzu, Chidumga|archivedate=14 September 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140914044504/http://pulse.ng/movies/movie-premiere-alert-kunle-afolayan-set-to-premiere-october-1-id3085434.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ngosi izizi na mmepụta ===
''October 1 pụtara'' na EXPO Center, Eko Hotel and Suites na 28 Septemba 2014; isiokwu nke mmemme ahụ bụ &lt;nowiki&gt;'''&lt;/nowiki&gt;60s&lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt;, n'ihi ya, ọtụtụ ndị ama ama jiri ejiji ndị mgbe ochie.  &lt;ref name=&quot;bella&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://pulse.ng/movies/october-1-photos-from-kunle-afolayans-movie-premiere-id3162406.html|title=Photos From Kunle Afolayan's Movie Premiere|publisher=Pulse NG|work=Pulse|accessdate=2 October 2014|author=29 September 2014|archivedate=1 October 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141001041822/http://pulse.ng/movies/october-1-photos-from-kunle-afolayans-movie-premiere-id3162406.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; E nwere ihe ngosi nka na ngosi izizi, nke na-enye njem nleta nke setịpụ, ma gosipụtakwa uwe na ihe eji eme ihe nkiri. &lt;ref name=&quot;allafricanews&quot;/&gt; A na-agbasakwa mmemme na kapeeti uhie na ọwa Africa Magic DStv. &lt;ref name=&quot;campusbeep&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://campusbeep.com/why-kunle-afolayans-october-1-will-be-no1-at-box-office/|title=Why Kunle Afolayan's October 1 will be No1 at Box Office|publisher=Campus Beep|date=29 September 2014|accessdate=5 April 2015|archivedate=11 April 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150411183209/http://campusbeep.com/why-kunle-afolayans-october-1-will-be-no1-at-box-office/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ebu ụzọ wepụta ihe nkiri a na sinima ahọpụtara na 1 Ọktoba 2014, ma mee ka sinima bulite ọnụ ahịa tiketi ha. &lt;ref name=&quot;campusbeep&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2014/09/30/murder-mystery-justice-independence-tripican-com-presents-the-kunle-afolayan-movie-october-1/|title=Murder, Mystery, Justice, Independence! Tripican.com presents the Kunle Afolayan Movie – &quot;October 1&quot;|publisher=bellanaija.com|work=Bella Naija|date=30 September 2014|accessdate=2 October 2014|author=Tripican.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gara na mwepụta izugbe na 3 October 2014. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.tribune.com.ng/friday-treat/item/13962-kunle-afolayan-s-october-1-movie-set-for-cinemas/13962-kunle-afolayan-s-october-1-movie-set-for-cinemas|title=Kunle Afolayan's October 1 movie set for cinemas|publisher=Tribune|work=[[Nigerian Tribune]]|date=22 August 2014|accessdate=2 October 2014|author=Ige, Rotimi|archivedate=6 October 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006144806/http://www.tribune.com.ng/friday-treat/item/13962-kunle-afolayan-s-october-1-movie-set-for-cinemas/13962-kunle-afolayan-s-october-1-movie-set-for-cinemas}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://9aijabooksandmovies.wordpress.com/2014/08/19/october-1-by-kunle-afolayan-hits-nigerian-cinemas-october-1st-2014/|title=October 1 By Kunle Afolayan: Hits Nigerian Cinemas October 1st 2014!|publisher=9aijabooksandmovies|date=19 August 2014|accessdate=2 October 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''A na-enyocha October 1'' na 2014 Cultural Confidence, [[New York City|New York]] na 11 October 2014; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/usa-premiere-set-for-nigerian-filmmaker-kunle-afolayans-1960s-set-thriller-october-1-20141009|title=USA Premiere Set for Nigerian Filmmaker Kunle Afolayan's 1960s-Set Thriller 'October 1'|publisher=Shadow and Act|work=[[IndieWire]]|date=9 October 2014|accessdate=17 October 2014|author=Obenson, Tambay A.|archivedate=20 October 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020180827/http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/usa-premiere-set-for-nigerian-filmmaker-kunle-afolayans-1960s-set-thriller-october-1-20141009}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.blackfilm.com/read/2014/10/kunle-afolayans-october-1-to-screen-on-oct-11-at-nollywood-diaspora-film-series/|title=Kunle Afolayan's &quot;October 1&quot; To Screen On Oct. 11 At Nollywood Diaspora Film Series|publisher=blackfilm.com|date=11 October 2014|accessdate=17 October 2014|author=Morales, Wilson|archivedate=20 October 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020084340/http://www.blackfilm.com/read/2014/10/kunle-afolayans-october-1-to-screen-on-oct-11-at-nollywood-diaspora-film-series/}}&lt;/ref&gt; ahọpụtara ya n'ihu ọha maka 2014 Africa International Film Festival, ebe a kọrọ na a na-ere tiketi mgbe niile. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.informationng.com/2014/10/classic-movie-october-1-to-battle-for-award-at-afriff-2014.html|title=Classic Movie — 'October 1′ To Battle For Award At AFRIFF 2014|publisher=Information Nigeria|date=10 October 2014|accessdate=11 October 2014|author=Nicholas}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.dailytimes.com.ng/article/kunle-afolayan-produced-movie-october-1-screening-sold-out|title=Kunle Aolayan Produced Movie, 'October 1' Screening Sold Out!|publisher=Daily Times|date=12 November 2014|accessdate=5 April 2015|author=Opeoluwani, Akintayo|archivedate=20 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230320235751/https://www.naijanews.com/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Emere ihe nkiri a na United Kingdom na 3 November 2014 na 2014 Film Africa Festival na [[London]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.filmafrica.org.uk/october-1-uk-premiere/|title=October 1 UK PREMIERE|publisher=Film Africa|accessdate=9 November 2014|archivedate=9 November 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141109020343/http://www.filmafrica.org.uk/october-1-uk-premiere/}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''October 1'' meghekwara izu ihe nkiri Africa nke anọ na [[Greece|Gris]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201402241841.html|title=Nigeria: Afolayan Represents Nigeria At Greece African Film Festival|publisher=allAfrica.com|date=22 February 2015|accessdate=27 March 2015|author=Alhassan, Amina}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://thenationonlineng.net/new/october-1-goes-to-egypt/|title=October 1 goes to Egypt|publisher=The Nation|accessdate=27 March 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nnabata ==

=== Nnabata dị mkpa ===
Ihe nkiri ahụ kemgbe a tọhapụrụ ya, ndị na-akatọ ihe nkiri nabatara nke ọma. Nollywood Reinvented kwadoro ihe nkiri ahụ 72% wee too ya maka echiche nganga ọ na-ahapụ onye na-ekiri ya na njedebe. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=October 1|url=https://www.nollywoodreinvented.com/2015/04/october-1.html|work=Nollywood Reinvented}}&lt;/ref&gt; Toni Kan nke ThisDay toro sinima ya, akụkọ na nkedo ya, kwubiri na: &quot; ''October 1 na-'' akpalite ọtụtụ ajụjụ ma na-enye azịza ole na ole ma ihe na-enweghị mgbagha bụ na na njedebe nke ihe nkiri ahụ mgbe e wepụrụ foto nke Queen, Kunle. Afolayan, nwa Ade Love, echiri eze”. &lt;ref name=&quot;this day&quot;/&gt; Onyeka Nwelue nke akwụkwọ akụkọ The Trent, toro ụdị nka nke ihe nkiri ahụ, ozi ndị dị nro ya, wee kwubie: “Mazi Afolayan na-etinye eziokwu n'ime akụkọ ifo iji mepụta ọṅụ ebighị ebi n'ọrụ a. Ọ bụghị onye na-atụ egwu ịgagharị, ọ na-eme ya nke ọma. Ọ na-ewe oge iji kee ihe. Ọ na-ewepụta oge iji ghọta ndị ọ na-eme ihe nkiri. ''N'agbanyeghị otú Ọktọba 1'' nwere ọgụgụ isi na-akpali akpali, onye ọ bụla nwere ike ịnụ ụtọ ya. N'ikpeazụ, mmadụ nwere ike ikwu n'ụzọ dị mfe, Mazị Afolayan nke ''October 1'' bụ maka onye ọ bụla hụrụ nnukwu ihe nkiri n'anya&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.thetrentonline.com/movie-review-october-1st-kunle-afolayan-film-onyeka-nwelue/|title=Movie Review: October 1st – A Kunle Afolayan Film, By Onyeka Nwelue|publisher=The Trent Online Newspaper|work=The Trent|date=7 October 2014|accessdate=7 October 2014|author=Nwelue, Onyeka}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sodas na Popcorn, toro usoro mmepụta ya, ihe ngosi sitere n'aka ndị na-eme ihe nkiri, iji ejiji, ma kọwaakwa sinima dị ka &quot;ọrụ nka kacha mma n'akụkọ ihe mere eme cinematic Nigeria&quot;. Ọ jara ihe nkiri ahụ mma maka nlebara anya ya na nkọwa wee kwubie: &quot;O doro anya na Afolayan nwere ọhụụ doro anya nke ihe ọ zubere ime ma kpalie ndị na-eme ihe nkiri ya iji nye ọrụ kacha mma ị ga-atụ anya n'aka ha. Otú ọ dị, ebube nke ihe nkiri ahụ dị n'eziokwu na akụkọ ahụ adịghị atụ egwu ịga ebe ahụ: nyochaa isiokwu ndị na-adịghị agafe agafe nke okpukpe, agbụrụ agbụrụ, nrụrụ aka, mmegbu, ihe mgbu na ihe ùgwù. Ihe nkiri a na-egosi na awa 2 mana enwere obi nkoropụ zuru oke na ọchị-ruo n'akụkụ gị-na-emerụ ahụ iji mee ka ị nọrọ na nsọtụ oche gị.&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;Sodasandpopcorn&quot;/&gt;

== Ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi Reflex (Nlebanya ihe nkiri) ==
Ị nwere ike ilele nlebanya dị oke egwu na YouTube: &lt;big&gt;'''mmejọ 12 pụtara ìhè na October 1''' site n'aka Dangambo, Hassan&lt;/big&gt;

== Box Office ==
''October 1'' nwere nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma na Box Office. O nwetara ihe ruru nde ₦60 na sinima, &lt;ref name=&quot;Nation nigeria&quot; /&gt; ka ọ bụrụ ihe nkiri Naịjirịa nke abụọ na-akpata ego na sinima Naijiria n'oge ewepụtara ya, jikọtara ya na ''Half of a Yellow Sun.'' N’ihe dị ka n’ọnwa Jenụwarị afọ 2015, akwụkwọ ''akụkọ bụ́ The Nation na-'' eme atụmatụ na ''October 1'' enwetawo ihe karịrị nde ₦140, bụ́ mgbe e ji ego a na-enweta n’ụlọ ọrụ n’ụlọ ọrụ chịkọta ihe ndị e nwetara site n’ọtụtụ nyocha pụrụ iche ya. &lt;ref name=&quot;Nation nigeria&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://thenationonlineng.net/new/october-1-commercial-arty-films/|title=October 1: Between commercial and arty films|publisher=The Nation|date=January 2015|accessdate=12 February 2015|author=Akande, Victor}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ajụjụ ọnụ ya na ''Nigerian Entertainment Today'' na Febụwarị 2015, Afolayan kwukwara na ihe nkiri ahụ enwetala ihe karịrị nde ₦100 n'ime ọnwa isii. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://thenet.ng/2015/02/weve-made-over-n100m-with-october-1-in-6months-kunle-afolayan/|title='We've made over N100m with October 1 in 6months' – Kunle Afolayan|publisher=The NET|date=21 February 2015|accessdate=5 April 2015|author=Collins, Tadeniawo}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe nrite ==
''Ọktoba 1'' meriri ihe nrite atọ na 2014 Africa International Film Festival, gụnyere ihe nrite maka &quot;Ihe nkiri kachasị mma&quot;, &quot;Ihe nkiri kachasị mma&quot; na &quot;Onye na-eme ihe nkiri kachasị egosi&quot; maka Sadiq Daba; ''October 1'' bụ ihe nkiri nwere ọtụtụ ihe nrite na mmemme ahụ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.360nobs.com/2014/11/african-international-film-festival-2014-the-awards-the-glamour-see-full-list-of-winners/|title=African International Film Festival 2014: The Awards, The Glamour; See Full List OF Winners|publisher=360nobs.com|accessdate=20 November 2014|archivedate=29 November 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129061116/http://www.360nobs.com/2014/11/african-international-film-festival-2014-the-awards-the-glamour-see-full-list-of-winners/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ihe nkiri ahụ na-edugakwa na 2015 Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards, na-emeri  onyinye 9 n'ime 12 nhọpụta, gụnyere onyinye maka &quot;Ihe nkiri kachasị mma nke afọ&quot;, &quot;Onye isi ihe nkiri kachasị mma&quot; na &quot;Onye na-eme ihe nkiri kachasị mma&quot; maka Kehinde Bankole. &lt;ref name=&quot;AMVCA winners announced&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.dstv.com/News/AMVCA-winners-announced/126405|title=AMVCA winners announced|accessdate=9 March 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150417012639/http://www.dstv.com/News/AMVCA-winners-announced/126405|archivedate=17 April 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%&quot;
|+Ndepụta ihe nrite zuru oke
! Ihe nrite
! Ụbọchị emume
! Ụdị
! Ndị nnata na ndị ahọpụtara
! Nsonaazụ
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | 2014 Africa International Film Festival &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://afriff.com/afriff-2014-winners/|title=2014 Winners|publisher=afriff.com|accessdate=20 November 2014|archivedate=11 September 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150911022932/http://afriff.com/afriff-2014-winners/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | Nọvemba 16, 2014
| Ihe nkiri kacha mma
| Kunle Afolayan 
| {{Won}}
|-
| Egwuregwu enyo kacha mma
| Tunde Babalola 
| {{Won}}
|-
| Onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha mma
| Sadiq Daba 
| {{Won}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Ememme Ihe nkiri Pan African (PAFF)&lt;br /&gt;(2015 PAFF Awards) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.paff.org/festivals/paff-la/special-events/filmmakers-awards-brunch/|title=Filmmaker Brunch|publisher=PAFF|accessdate=27 March 2015|archivedate=19 March 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150319052643/http://www.paff.org/festivals/paff-la/special-events/filmmakers-awards-brunch/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Ọnwa Abụọ 16, 2015
| Njirimara nkọwa kacha mma
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | Kunle Afolayan
|{{Nom}}
|-
| Ihe nrite ndị mmemme – Njirimara akụkọ 
| {{Won}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;12&quot; | Multichoice ( 2015 Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards ) &lt;ref name=&quot;AMVCA winners announced&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://stargist.com/lists/2015-africa-magic-viewers-choice-awards-amvcas-see-list-nominees/|title=List Of The 2015 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards (AMVCAs) Nominees|publisher=StarGist|work=[[DStv]]|date=13 December 2014|accessdate=7 February 2015|archivedate=10 September 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160910030050/http://stargist.com/lists/2015-africa-magic-viewers-choice-awards-amvcas-see-list-nominees/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| rowspan=&quot;12&quot; | Maachị 7, 2015
| Ihe nkiri kacha mma nke afọ 
| {{Won}}
|-
| Onye isi ihe nkiri kacha mma 
| {{Won}}
|-
| Ihe nkiri kacha mma (Ihe nkiri) | {{Nom}}
|-
| Onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha mma na ihe nkiri
| [[Kehinde Bankole]] 
| {{Won}}
|-
| Onye ndezi ụda kacha mma
| Kulanen Ikyo 
| {{Won}}
|-
| Onye nchịkọta akụkọ ihe nkiri kacha mma
| Mike Steve Adeleye 
| {{Nom}}
|-
| Onye isi ihe nka kacha mma
| Pat Nebo 
| {{Won}}
|-
| Ihe nkiri cinematograph kacha mma
| Yinka Edward 
| {{Nom}}
|-
| Onye nrụpụta ejiji kacha mma
| [[Deola Sagoe]], Obijie Oru 
| {{Won}}
|-
| Onye ode akwụkwọ ihe nkiri kacha mma
| Tunde Babalola 
| {{Won}}
|-
| Onye nrụpụta ọkụ kacha mma
| Lanre Omofaye 
| {{Won}}
|-
| Onye na-eme etemeete kacha mma
| Dị nsọ 
| {{Won}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;8&quot; | Ụlọ akwụkwọ ihe nkiri Africa&lt;br /&gt; ( 11th Africa Movie Academy Awards )
| rowspan=&quot;8&quot; | Septemba 26, 2015
| Ihe nkiri kacha mma
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Kunle Afolayan 
| {{Nom}}
|-
| Onye nduzi kacha mma 
| {{Nom}}
|-
| Onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha mma n'ọrụ na-eduga
| Sadiq Daba 
| {{Won}}
|-
| Onye na-eme ihe nkiri kachasị mma
| Demola Adedoyin 
| {{Nom}}
|-
| Ihe nkiri Naijiria kacha mma
| Kunle Afolayan 
| {{Won}}
|-
| Mmeri na Ndezi
| Mike Steve Adeleye 
| {{Nom}}
|-
| Mmeri na Nhazi Eke
| Deola Sagoe, Obijie Oru 
| {{Won}}
|-
| Mmeri na imepụta mmepụta
| Yinka Edward 
| {{Nom}}
|}

Sadiq Daba na N'ajụjụ ọnụ kwuru, sị: &quot;Ọ [October 1] na-agafe na Nigeria dum wee laghachi n'oge ọchịchị anyị. Ọ na-ekwu maka mmekọrịta agbụrụ anyị na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ.&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://weeklytrust.com.ng/index.php/magazine-cover/13221-sadiq-daba-i-can-t-be-part-of-kannywood|title=Sadiq Daba I can't be part of Kannywood|publisher=Weekly Trust|work=Weekly Trust Newspaper|date=13 July 2013|accessdate=29 May 2014|author=Alhassan, Amina|archivedate=2 May 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502062712/http://weeklytrust.com.ng/index.php/magazine-cover/13221-sadiq-daba-i-can-t-be-part-of-kannywood}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ihe nkiri a na-enyocha okwu gbasara Paedophilia, na-egosi otu nwata nwoke, Koya ka onye ndú okpukpe ọdịda anyanwụ, Fada Dowling, onye e chere na ọ bụ onye nlekọta nke ụkpụrụ omume ọha na eze na-akparị ya. ￼￼Nke a na-eme ka uKoya jide kwere na &quot;n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ mmụta bụ ihe ọjọọ&quot;, a slogan dị ka biko Haram. Tunde Babalola, onye odee edemede, Achoro m i banye  Isiokwu ndị mmadụ achọghị ikwu. A chorom ede ihe ndị mmadụ chọrọ ikwu. Ọ kara m mma ede ihe dị mgbasara  ise okwu ma bụrụ ihe ndị madụ ga na-eji okwu ya na ọtụtụ izu uka&lt;ref name=&quot;Tribune&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;punch&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;News Wire&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://newswirengr.com/2014/10/14/must-read-newswirengr-reviews-much-talked-about-movie-october-1-by-kunle-afolayan/|title=Must READ: NewsWireNGR Reviews Much Talked About Movie 'October 1′ By Kunle Afolayan|publisher=News Wire|date=14 October 2014|accessdate=5 April 2015|author=Ogwo, Augustine|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150411212534/http://newswirengr.com/2014/10/14/must-read-newswirengr-reviews-much-talked-about-movie-october-1-by-kunle-afolayan/|archive-date=11 April 2015|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://thenationonlineng.net/new/october-1-and-other-tales/|title=October 1 and other tales|publisher=The Nation|date=29 November 2014|accessdate=5 April 2015|author=Yishau, Olukorede}}&lt;/ref&gt; Victor Akande nke akwụkwọ akụkọ bụ́ The Nation na-ekwu, sị: “October 1 depụtara ụzọ ụmụ okorobịa abụọ na-akpasu usoro ihe si eme (agụmakwụkwọ Western ) ) ha na-atụ anya na ọ ga-eme ka ha bụrụ ezigbo mmadụ, mana nke na-emecha mebie nzụlite ọdịnala ha; Nke ka njọ, site n'aka ndị nwoke nwere otu nwoke na nwanyị&quot;.ha na-atụ anya na ọ ga-eme ka ha bụrụ ezigbo mmadụ, mana nke na-emecha mebie nzụlite omenala ha; Nke ka njọ, site n'aka ndị nwoke nwere otu nwoke&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://thenationonlineng.net/new/as-we-await-october-1/|title=As we await October 1|publisher=The Nation|accessdate=14 September 2014|author=Akande, Victor}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mgbasa ozi ụlọ ==
N'ọnwa Disemba 2014, ''ewepụtara October 1'' na ọrụ DStv Explora Video-na-achọ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://pulse.ng/movies/october-1-kunle-afolayans-movie-now-on-box-office-id3352499.html|title=Kunle Afolayan's movie now on Box Office|publisher=Pulse NG|date=17 December 2014|accessdate=23 December 2014|author=Izuzu, Chimdumga|archivedate=23 December 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223133752/http://pulse.ng/movies/october-1-kunle-afolayans-movie-now-on-box-office-id3352499.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na Jenụwarị 2015, a mara ọkwa na Netflix enwetala ikike nkesa n'ịntanetị zuru ụwa ọnụ maka ihe nkiri ahụ ma echere na ọ ga-amalite mpụta mbụ n'elu ikpo okwu na Machị 2015. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://e247mag.com/nollywood-rising-kunle-afolayan-clinches-global-deal-with-netflix-goes-to-luxor/|title=NOLLYWOOD RISING: KUNLE AFOLAYAN CLINCHES GLOBAL DEAL WITH NETFLIX, GOES TO LUXOR|date=22 January 2015|accessdate=22 January 2015|archivedate=12 March 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150312115634/http://e247mag.com/nollywood-rising-kunle-afolayan-clinches-global-deal-with-netflix-goes-to-luxor/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hụkwa ==

* [[Ndepụta ihe nkiri Naijiria nke 2014]]

== Nsidee ==
 {{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Official website
* {{IMDb title|3206616|October 1}}
[[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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    <title>Patricia Akwashiki</title>
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'''Patricia Naomi Akwashiki''' (amuru 2 Novemba 1953) ka a hoputara Senator maka Nasarawa North Senatorial District nke [[Ȯra Nasarawa|Nasarawa State]], [[Naijiria|Nigeria]], were oru na 29 Mee 2007. Ọ bụ onye otu [[Peoples Democratic Party|People's Democratic Party]] (PDP). &lt;ref name=&quot;nassnig&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.nassnig.org/senate/member.php?senator=94&amp;page=1&amp;state=26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303193436/http://www.nassnig.org/senate/member.php?senator=94&amp;page=1&amp;state=26|archivedate=2016-03-03|publisher=National Assembly of Nigeria|title=Sen. Patricia N. Akwashiki|accessdate=2010-06-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Akwashiki nwetara BA na Education na Mahadum Ahmadu Bello, Zaria na 1982. Ọ banyere n'ụlọ ọrụ ụlọ akụ, bụ́ ebe ọ ghọrọ onye isi nchịkwa. &lt;ref name=&quot;nassnig&quot;/&gt; A hoputara ya na ogbako nke ise (2003-2007) nke Ulo Nnochi Anya n'elu ikpo okwu [[Peoples Democratic Party|People's Democratic Party]] (PDP). Ọ dara nhọpụta PDP maka e zọọ ọkwa nke abụọ, ma nyefee ya na [[All Nigeria People's Party|All Nigeria Peoples Party]] (ANPP), nke ọ meriri ntuliaka n'afọ 2007 dị ka Senator ndi Nasarawa North. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200904280618.html|title=Akwashiki - Senator Without Constituency?|work=Daily Independent|date=28 April 2009|accessdate=2010-06-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka ọ were oche ya na Senate na Mee 2007, a họpụtara Akwashiki na kọmitii na steeti &amp; Local Government, Inter-Parliamentary Affairs, Communications, Banking, Insurance &amp; Other Financial Institutions and Women and Youth. &lt;ref name=&quot;nassnig&quot;/&gt; N'ime nyocha etiti oge nke ndị omebe iwu na May 2009, ThisDay kwuru na ọ kwadoro ụgwọ iji megharia Code of Conduct Bureau ma nye aka nke ọma na arụmụka na plenary na kọmitii ọrụ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200905250350.html?viewall=1|title=An Improved Senate, But Some Uninspiring Senators...|work=ThisDay|date=24 May 2009|accessdate=2010-06-09}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ọnwa Jenụarị afọ 2010 ọ laghachiri na PDP, na-ekwu maka ikpe na-ezighị ezi na enweghị uche nke ndị odeakwụkwọ mba ANPP na esemokwu otu na mpaghara steeti nke pati ahụ dịka ihe kpatara ya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201001250926.html|title=Why I Dumped ANPP - Senator Akwashiki|work=Leadership|author=Andrew Oota|date=23 January 2010|accessdate=2010-06-09}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na Maachị 2015, Onye isi ala [[Goodluck Jonathan]] họpụtara Senator Patricia Akwashiki ka ọ bụrụ onye minista mgbasa ozi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://newswirengr.com/2015/03/18/breaking-jonathan-appoints-senator-patricia-akwashiki-minister-of-information-obanikoro-foreign-affairs/|title=Breaking; Jonathan Appoints Senator Patricia Akwashiki Minister Of Information, Obanikoro Foreign Affairs|date=18 March 2015|accessdate=8 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160326094911/http://newswirengr.com/2015/03/18/breaking-jonathan-appoints-senator-patricia-akwashiki-minister-of-information-obanikoro-foreign-affairs/|archive-date=26 March 2016|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka ọ were oche ya na Senate na Mee 2007, a họpụtara Akwashiki na kọmitii na steeti &amp; Local Government, Inter-Parliamentary Affairs, Communications, Banking, Insurance &amp; Other Financial Institutions and Women and Youth. &lt;ref name=&quot;nassnig&quot;/&gt; N'ime nyocha etiti oge nke ndị omebe iwu na May 2009, ThisDay kwuru na ọ kwadoro ụgwọ iji megharia Code of Conduct Bureau ma nye aka nke ọma na arụmụka na plenary na kọmitii ọrụ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200905250350.html?viewall=1|title=An Improved Senate, But Some Uninspiring Senators...|work=ThisDay|date=24 May 2009|accessdate=2010-06-09}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ọnwa Jenụarị afọ 2010 ọ laghachiri na PDP, na-ekwu maka ikpe na-ezighị ezi na enweghị uche nke ndị odeakwụkwọ mba ANPP na esemokwu otu na mpaghara steeti nke pati ahụ dịka ihe kpatara ya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201001250926.html|title=Why I Dumped ANPP - Senator Akwashiki|work=Leadership|author=Andrew Oota|date=23 January 2010|accessdate=2010-06-09}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na Maachị 2015, Onye isi ala [[Goodluck Jonathan]] họpụtara Senator Patricia Akwashiki ka ọ bụrụ onye minista mgbasa ozi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://newswirengr.com/2015/03/18/breaking-jonathan-appoints-senator-patricia-akwashiki-minister-of-information-obanikoro-foreign-affairs/|title=Breaking; Jonathan Appoints Senator Patricia Akwashiki Minister Of Information, Obanikoro Foreign Affairs|date=18 March 2015|accessdate=8 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160326094911/http://newswirengr.com/2015/03/18/breaking-jonathan-appoints-senator-patricia-akwashiki-minister-of-information-obanikoro-foreign-affairs/|archive-date=26 March 2016|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;Ka ọ were oche ya na Senate na Mee 2007, a họpụtara Akwashiki ka ọ bụrụ kọmitii na steeti &amp; Local Government, Inter-Parliamentary Affairs, Communications, Banking, Insurance &amp; Other Financial Institutions and Women and Youth. N'ime nyocha etiti oge nke ndị omebe iwu na May 2009, ThisDay kwuru na ọ kwadoro ụgwọ iji megharia Code of Conduct Bureau ma nye aka nke ọma na arụmụka na plenary na kọmitii ọrụ. N'ọnwa Jenụarị afọ 2010 ọ laghachiri na PDP, na-ekwu maka ikpe na-ezighị ezi na enweghị uche nke ndị odeakwụkwọ mba ANPP na esemokwu otu na mpaghara steeti nke pati ahụ dịka ihe kpatara ya.

Ka ọ were oche ya na Senate na Mee 2007, a họpụtara Akwashiki na kọmitii na steeti &amp; Local Government, Inter-Parliamentary Affairs, Communications, Banking, Insurance &amp; Other Financial Institutions and Women and Youth. &lt;ref name=&quot;nassnig&quot;/&gt; N'ime nyocha etiti oge nke ndị omebe iwu na May 2009, ThisDay kwuru na ọ kwadoro ụgwọ iji megharia Code of Conduct Bureau ma nye aka nke ọma na arụmụka na plenary na kọmitii ọrụ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200905250350.html?viewall=1|title=An Improved Senate, But Some Uninspiring Senators...|work=ThisDay|date=24 May 2009|accessdate=2010-06-09}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ọnwa Jenụarị afọ 2010 ọ laghachiri na PDP, na-ekwu maka ikpe na-ezighị ezi na enweghị uche nke ndị odeakwụkwọ mba ANPP na esemokwu otu na mpaghara steeti nke pati ahụ dịka ihe kpatara ya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201001250926.html|title=Why I Dumped ANPP - Senator Akwashiki|work=Leadership|author=Andrew Oota|date=23 January 2010|accessdate=2010-06-09}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na Maachị 2015, Onye isi ala [[Goodluck Jonathan]] họpụtara Senator Patricia Akwashiki ka ọ bụrụ onye minista mgbasa ozi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://newswirengr.com/2015/03/18/breaking-jonathan-appoints-senator-patricia-akwashiki-minister-of-information-obanikoro-foreign-affairs/|title=Breaking; Jonathan Appoints Senator Patricia Akwashiki Minister Of Information, Obanikoro Foreign Affairs|date=18 March 2015|accessdate=8 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160326094911/http://newswirengr.com/2015/03/18/breaking-jonathan-appoints-senator-patricia-akwashiki-minister-of-information-obanikoro-foreign-affairs/|archive-date=26 March 2016|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2018 Akwashiki kwuputara mmasị ịzọ ọkwa gọvanọ steeti Nasarawa na-ebu amụma na ọ ga-abụ nwaafọ nwanyị mbụ a họpụtara na-achị Naijiria mana o wetaghị tiketi otu ya maka ịzọ ọkwa ọchịchị n'afọ 2019. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/09/2019-ill-be-nigerias-first-female-elected-governor-akwashiki/|title=2019: I'll be Nigeria's first female elected governor - Akwashiki|date=2018-09-08|work=Vanguard News|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-02-22}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://punchng.com/2019-election-female-candidate-can-emerge-governor-senator/|title=2019 election: Female candidate can emerge governor –Senator|work=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-02-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ebensidee ==
Template:Refill{{Nigerian Senators of the 6th National Assembly}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Akwashiki, Patricia}}

[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
[[Òtù:Category:Ụmụ nwanyị ndị minista gọọmenti Naijiria]]
[[Òtù:Category:Ndị minista mgbasa ozi na nzikọrịta ozi nke Naijiria]]
[[Òtù:Category:Ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria narị afọ nke 21]]
[[Òtù:Category:Ndị ndọrọndọrọ ọchịchị Naijiria nke narị afọ nke iri abụọ na otu]]
[[Òtù:Category:Ndị otu ụlọ omebe iwu (Nigeria)]]
[[Òtù:Category:Ndị otu Peoples Democratic Party nke Senate (Nigeria)]]
[[Òtù:Category:Ndị si Nasarawa State]]
[[Òtù:Category:Ndi amuru na 1953]]
[[Òtù:Category:Ndị otu Senate (Nigeria)]]</text>
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    <title>Regina Benjamin</title>
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[[Usòrò:Dr. Regina Benjamin, US Surgeon General, US Department of Health and Human Services.jpg|thumb]]
'''Regina Marcia Benjamin''' (amuru Ọktoba 26, 1956) bu dibia America na onye u osote onye isi ochichi na US Public Health Service Commissioned Corps onye jere ozi dika 18th Surgeon General nke United States . &lt;ref name=&quot;benjaminbio&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/14/health/policy/14surgeon.html|title=Dọkịta sitere na Bayou|ụbọchị = July 14, 2009|work=The New York Times|first=Gardiner|author=Harris|accessdate=February 11, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;Benjamin bu ụzọ duzie ụlọọgwụ ngwaọrụ na-enye akwụkwọ na-enye na Bayou La Batre, Alabama, wee jee ozi na bọọdụ ndị ọrụ maka Schoollọ Akwụkwọ Ọgwụ nke Morehouse .'''Regina Marcia Benjamin''' (amuru Ọktoba 26, 1956) bu dibiabia America na onye u osote onye isi ochichi na US Public Health Service Commissioned Corps onye jere ozi dika 18th Surgeon General nke United States . &lt;ref name=&quot;benjaminbio&quot; /&gt; Benjamin bu ụzọ duzie ụlọọgwụ nlekọta ahụike na-anaghị akwụ ụgwọ na Bayou La Batre, Alabama, wee jee ozi na bọọdụ ndị nlekọta maka Schoollọ Akwụkwọ Ọgwụ nke Morehouse .

== Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ ==
[[Usòrò:Dr. Regina Benjamin, U.S. Surgeon General 1.jpg|thumb]]
A mụrụ Benjamin na Mobile, Alabama na Ọktoba 26, n'afọ otú pụkụ narị iteghete na iri ise na isii.

. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.huliq.com/3257/83446/regina-benjamin-picked-surgeon-general|title=Regina Benjamin Picked as Surgeon General|first=Michael|author=Santo|date=July 13, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Fairhope High School na Fairhope, Alabama, wee gaa mahadum na Xavier University of Louisianake dị n na New Orleans, &lt;ref name=&quot;Curr Bio&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Current Biography Yearbook 2010|year=2010|publisher=H.W. Wilson|location=Ipswich, MA|isbn=9780824211134|pages=[https://archive.org/details/currentbiography2010unse/page/30 30–33]|chapter=Benjamin, Regina|chapterurl=https://archive.org/details/currentbiography2010unse/page/30}}&lt;/ref&gt; ebe amụrụ ya na isi Gamma Alpha nke Delta Sigma Theta sorority. Ọ bụkwa onye otu klas nke abụọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Morehouse School of Medicine . &lt;ref name=&quot;benjaminbio&quot; /&gt; Ọ nwetara akara ugo mmụta MD ya na Mahadum Alabama na Birmingham wee gụchaa ebe obibi ya na nchịkọta ezinụlọ na Medical Center nke Central Georgia . &lt;ref name=&quot;benjaminbio&quot; /&gt; Banyere aihuta a dị ka onye mbụ n'ime ezinụlọ ya ịga ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụike, o kwuru na &quot;Ahụtụbeghị m dọkịta ojii tupu m aga mahadum.&quot;  Mgbe ọ banyere n'ọrụ ahụike naanị na Bayou La Batre, Alabama, Benjamin rụrụ ọrụ ruo ọtụtụ afọ na ụlọ mberede na ebe a na-elekọta ndị agadi iji kwado ọrụ ya. Mgbe ọ natara MBA site na Freeman School of Business na Tulane University, ọ gbanwere ụkwara ọ ọrụ ya n ka oburu zie ọ ọgwụ ahụike ime obodo. &lt;ref name=&quot;Genius-2009-07-13&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Obama Taps 'Genius' Doctor, Katrina Victim for Surgeon General|date=July 13, 2009|publisher=Fox News Channel|url=http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2009/07/13/obama-taps-alabama-doctor-surgeon-general/|work=article|accessdate=July 13, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090715162352/http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2009/07/13/obama-taps-alabama-doctor-surgeon-general/|archive-date=July 15, 2009|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
Benjamin bụ onye bụbu onye otu onye isi maka ahụike ime obodo na kọleji nke ọgwụ na Mahadum South Alabama, ebe ọ na-elekọta ihe na-eme na AHEC Alabama wee n'duzie ihe na-eme na Telemedicine ya. Ọ jere ozi dị ka onye isi oche nke Medical Association of the State of Alabama (MASA) n'afọ pụkụ abụọ na abụọ . Nafo otú pụkụ narị iteghete na iri iteghete na ise, a họpụtara ya na ndị isi oche nke American Medical Association, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ dọkịta mbụ n'okpuru afọ iri anọ nakwa nwaanyị mbụ African-American nke a a ga-ahọpụta. Ọ rụkwara ọrụ na Board of Trustees nke Mahadum Florida A &amp; M, nke Gọvanọ Florida Jeb Bush họpụtara.  Site n'afọ pụkụ abụọ na asatọ ruo n'afọ pụkụ abụọ na iteghete ọ jere ozi dị ka Onye isi oche nke Board of Trustees of Federation of State Medical Boards, otu mba na-anaghị akwụ ụgwọ na-anọchite anya bọọdụ ahụike na osteopathic 70 nke United States na ókèala ya. &lt;ref&gt;Benjamin RM. Planting Seeds of Excellence. ''Journal of Medical Licensure and Discipline''. 95(1):3–4. 2009.&lt;/ref&gt;

Benjamin bụ onye diplomate nke American Board of Practice Family and Fellow of American Academy of Family Physicians . Ọ bụ onye Kellogg National Fellow yana onye ndu Rockefeller na-esote ọgbọ. Ọ jerela ozi na bọọdụ na kọmitii gụnyere Kaiser Commission on Medicaid na ndị anaghị akwụ ụgwọ; Ahụike Katọlik East; Medical Association nke steeti Alabama; Alabama Board of Medical Examiners; Kọmitii steeti Alabama nke ahụike ọha; Mobile County Medical Society; Alabama Rural Health Association; Ọchịchị Alabama; Mpaghara mkpanaka Red Cross; Mercy Medical; Ụlọ Azụmahịa Mobile; United Way of Mobile; Ndị dọkịta maka ikike mmadụ ; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://physiciansforhumanrights.org/about/annual-report/pdf/ar02_pt4.pdf|title=Physicians for Human Rights - About PHR|accessdate=July 15, 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110408051001/http://physiciansforhumanrights.org/about/annual-report/pdf/ar02_pt4.pdf|archivedate=April 8, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; na Deep South Girl Scout Council. &lt;ref name=&quot;bayoubenjamin&quot;&gt;[https://archive.today/20130414141408/http://www.bayouclinic.org/default.aspx?id=21 Regina M. Benjamin, MD – Bayou Clinic Homepage]&lt;/ref&gt;

Onye na-ahụ maka ahụike na United States Secretary nke na-ahụ maka ahụike na onye ọrụ mmadụ Donna Shalala họpụtara ya na kọmitii na-emeziwanye ụlọ nyocha ụlọ ọgwụ na Council of Graduate Medical Education, ọ bụkwa onye so na &quot;Kọmitii 3.&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;bayoubenjamin&quot;/&gt; Na Alabama, ọ na-arụbu ọrụ dịka osote onye isi oche nke Gọvanọ Commission on Aging, ma bụrụkwa onye so na Gọvanọ Health Care Reform Task Force na Gọvanọ Task Force màkà Ahụ Ike Ụmụaka. &lt;ref name=&quot;bayoubenjamin&quot; /&gt;

Ọ bụ onye ndụmọdụ ana-akwụ ụgwọ maka [[Burger King]], kwadoro inye ndụmọdụ nri na onyinye ha. 

Ebibiri ụlọ ọgwụ Benjamin nafo pụkụ abụọ na ise site na Hurricane Katrina na n'afọ pụkụ abụọ na isii site na ọkụ n'ụbọchị Afọ Ọhụrụ, otu ụbọchị tupu echere ịmaliteghachi. O mere akụkọ mgbe o wughachiri ụlọ ọgwụ nke ugboro abụọ. &lt;ref name=&quot;Genius-2009-07-13&quot;/&gt;

Na Maachị 10, n'afọ pụkụ abụọ na iri na isii, a mara ọkwa na Benjamin ga-elekọta ọgbakọ ''nghọta'' CKD nke National Kidney Foundation. Edebere nzuko a maka ọdịda nke 2016, ọ bụkwa akụkụ nke mmemme mgbochi CKD ọhụrụ nke National ''Kidney'' Foundation, atụmatụ ọtụtụ afọ nke na-achọ ibuli nyocha na njikwa ọrịa akụrụ na-adịghị ala ala (CKD) n'ihu ahịrị nke ahụike mgbochi. Usoro ahụike US. Na mgbakwunye na Dr. Benjamin, ndepụta nke ndị a kpọrọ òkù gụnyere, ma ọnweghị oke na, ndị ọkachamara ahụike, nnukwu usoro nlekọta ahụike, ọrụ ụlọ nyocha, otu nkwado, ndị ọkachamara ụlọ ọrụ nkà na ụzụ, na gọọmentị na ndị na-ere ahịa ahịa. Ha ga-ezukọ iji mepụta ụzọ ọhụrụ iji merie ihe mgbochi ndị na-egbochi nchoputa ọrịa akụrụ n'oge. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.kidney.org/news/former-surgeon-general-regina-m-benjamin-chair-national-kidney-foundation%E2%80%99s-chronic-kidney|title=Former Surgeon General Regina M. Benjamin to Chair National Kidney Foundation's Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention Initiative|date=March 10, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ebumnuche nke nzukọ a bụ ịmepụta atụmatụ doro anya, nke jikọrọ ọnụ nke ga-emepụta ụzọ maka mgbanwe nke ga-ebuli echiche mba ahụ banyere ọrịa akụrụ ma mepụta omenala ebe nchọpụta mbụ dịkwa mkpa.

N'onwa Julaị n'afọ pụkụ abụọ na iri na isii, Benjamin sonyeere Board of Directors of Darkness to Light, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.d2l.org/former-u-s-surgeon-general-and-executive-director-of-the-beau-biden-foundation-for-the-protection-of-children-join-darkness-to-light-board/|title=Former U.S. Surgeon General and Executive Director of the Beau Biden Foundation for the Protection of Children Join Darkness To Light Board - Darkness to Light|date=2016-09-15|work=Darkness to Light|accessdate=2018-06-05|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; onye na-akwado mba na-akwadoghị maka igbochi mmetọ ụmụaka. &quot;Nke a abụghị naanị okwu maka otu ezinụlọ ma ọ bụ obodo - ọ bụ okwu ahụike ọha na eze na-emetụta ọha mmadụ n'ozuzu,&quot; Benjamin kwuru banyere okwu mmetọ ụmụaka.

=== Bayou La Batre Rural Health Clinic ===
Benjamin bụ onye nchoputa na onye isi oche nke Bayou La Batre Rural Health Clinic na Bayou La Batre, Alabama, obere obodo ntakiri n'akụkụ Gulf Coast. Benjamin bụ isiokwu nke akwụkwọ akụkọ Reader's Digest nke depụtara mgbalị ya iji wughachi ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ mgbe Ajọ Ifufe Katrina gasịrị . 

=== Surgeon General nke United States ===
[[Usòrò:President_Barack_Obama_with_Surgeon_General_nominee_Regina_Benjamin_07-13-09.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb| Benjamin na-anabata nhọpụta nke President [[Barack Obama|Obama]] maka US Surgeon General na July 2009.]]
N'ọnwa Julaị 13, n'afọ pụkụ abụọ na iteghete, Onye isi ala [[Barack Obama]] kwupụtara nhọrọ nke Benjamin maka ọkwa nke Surgeon General nke United States &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://blogs.abcnews.com/politicalpunch/2009/07/the-doctor-is-finally-in-obama-to-name-regina-benjamin-for-surgeon-general.html|title=The Doctor Is (Finally) In: Obama To Nominate Regina Benjamin as Surgeon General|publisher=ABC News}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB124749440449132729|title=Surgeon General Is Designated|first=Jane|author=Zhang|date=July 14, 2009|accessdate=February 11, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-obama-surgeongeneral-idUSTRE56C3HI20090713|title=Obama picks Regina Benjamin as U.S. surgeon general|date=July 13, 2016|publisher=Reuters}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.nbcnews.com/id/31929715|title=Obama on health care policy: 'No free lunch'|date=July 16, 2009|publisher=NBC News}}&lt;/ref&gt; yana dịka onye isi ahụike na ngalaba na -ahụ maka ahụike ọha mgbe niile. . &lt;ref name=&quot;confirm&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://senatus.wordpress.com/2009/10/29/senate-confirms-regina-benjamin-as-surgeon-general/|title=Senate Confirms Regina Benjamin as Surgeon General|date=October 29, 2009|publisher=Senatus}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'onwa Ọktoba 7, n'afọ pụkụ abụọ na iteghete, Kọmitii Senate nke United States kwadoro Benjamin niile maka ahụike, agụmakwụkwọ, ọrụ na ụgwọ ezumike nka .  Ndị omebe iwu United States kwadoro Benjamin na Ọktoba 29, N'afọ pụkụ abụọ na iteghete. &lt;ref name=&quot;confirm&quot; /&gt;

Benjamin nabatara nhọpụta Onye isi ala, ma mee ka o doo anya na enweghị afọ ojuju ya na usoro nlekọta ahụike dị ugbu a, n'ihe gbasara ịnweta yana ọnụ ahịa. &lt;ref name=&quot;benjaminbio&quot; /&gt; N'ịnabata nhọpụta ya, Benjamin kọwara ihe isi ike ya chere ọrịa na ọrịa chere ezinụlọ ya ihu. O kwuru na ọnwụ nke nwanne ya nwoke, bụ onye nwụrụ HIV, nakwa dị ka nna ya, bụ onye nwụrụ n'ihi ọbara mgbali elu na ọrịa shuga, na nne ya nke nwụrụ n'ihi na akpa ume cancer, ihe niile, o kwuru, bụ &quot;oria a gaegbochi nwụ&quot;. 

N'onwa Jenụwarị n'afọ pụkụ abụọ na iri, Benjamin wepụtara akwụkwọ mbụ ya, nke isiokwu ya bụ &quot;The Surgeon General's Vision for a Healthy and Fit Nation.&quot; N'ime ya, ọ kọwapụtara usoro dị egwu nke ndị America buru ibu na oke ibu, ma nyekwa ụkpụrụ maka mbọ ntọala ime mgbanwe na-akwalite ahụike na ịdịmma ezinụlọ na obodo.  Ọrụ ya na mpaghara a gara n'ihu. Otu mmemme gbara ụmụ nwanyị nwere agba ume ka ha na-emega ahụ nke ukwuu ma ghara ịwụpụ mgbatị ahụ n'ihi egwu nke &quot;imebi ntutu ha&quot; nyere $5,000 onye meriri n'asọmpi ntutu dị mma na ahụike. Ekọwapụtara nke a n'ajụjụ ọnụ NPR . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/2012/08/08/158419580/surgeon-general-dont-let-hair-get-in-the-way|title=Surgeon General: Don't Let Hair Get In The Way}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ime ajụjụ ọnụ a, a tụlere ọtụtụ mmemme ndị ọzọ, gụnyere mkpọsa megide oke ibu, na mkpọsa &quot;Obi nde&quot; iji gbochie otu nde nkụchi obi kwa afọ.

N'onwa Jenụwarị 20, n'afọ pụkụ abụọ na iri na otu, Dr. Benjamin nyere ''The Surgeon General's Call to Action to support Breast feeding'', nke bụ akwụkwọ nchịkọta sayensị dabeere na sayensị iji kpalie ime ihe n'ịkwalite ọnụego nwa ara na United States. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.hhs.gov/surgeongeneral/reports-and-publications/index.html|title=Reports and Publications|date=July 19, 2006}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ kpọkuru akụkụ niile dị n'ime ọha mmadụ ka ha wepụ ihe mgbochi na-enye nwa ara ma na-amụba mmalite nke inye nwa ara, ogologo oge, na nke pụrụ iche - bụ nke bụ isiokwu mgbasa ozi ahụike ọha na eze ihe karịrị afọ iri atọ gara aga. Ọbụghị naanị akwụkwọ a nyere ihe omume na atụmatụ mmejuputa zuru oke, mana ọ matakwara nkwado nke ndị ezinaụlọ, obodo, ndị dọkịta, sistemu ahụike, na ndị were were n'ọrụ dị ka ihe dị mkpa maka akụkọ ịga nke ọma inye nwa ara. Nkeji otú, mkpa inye nwa ara, gosipụtara ozi gbasara oke ihe egwu dị n'ahụ ike dịịrị ndị nne na ụmụ ha metụtara ị naghị enye ara, yana uru akụ na ụba na gburugburu ebe obibi maka ịhọrọ inye ara. Nkeji abụọ, Ọnụọgụgụ nke inye nwa ara, nyere ozi gbasara usoro mba ụwa na ọnụego inye nwa ara, ma kọwapụta ndịiche na-adịgide adịgide a na-ahụ na omume inye nwa ara. Nkeji atọ, Ihe mgbochi na-enye nwa ara na United States, chọpụtara adịghị ike na ihe ọmụma, nrụgide mmekọrịta ọha na eze na ịzụ ahịa, ezughị ezu nkwado sitere n'aka ndị ezinụlọ na ndị enyi, imebiga ihe ókè nke ara nwanyị, na-edozi nsogbu na lactation, ịlaghachi n'ọrụ na ịchọta nlekọta ụmụaka kwesịrị ekwesị, yana dị ka ọrụ nlekọta ahụike kewara ekewa na nnabata nke atumatu ma ọ bụ omume a na-eme n'oge na-egbochi mmalite inye nwa ara, ogologo oge, na ewepu. Nkeji anọ, Ịnye ara site na Echiche Ahụike Ọha, haziri ọdịiche dị na ihe ọmụma, mmetụta omenala, enweghị nkwekọrịta ụlọ ọgwụ, ihe ịma aka, na ajụjụ a na-azaghị n'ofe ụlọ ọrụ kachasị mma iji dozie nsogbu ndị a chọpụtara. Nkeji ise, oku ime ihe, ewepụtara ọrụ dịịrị ngalaba ọ bụla n'ime ọha ma nyekwa usoro mmejuputa iwu chọrọ iji nweta ebumnuche obodo maka inye ara. Enwere ihe omume iri abụo yana atụmatụ mmejuputa iri ise na abụọ kwadoro. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK52682/|title=The Surgeon General's Call to Action to Support Breastfeeding|series=Publications and Reports of the Surgeon General|year=2011|publisher=Office of the Surgeon General (US)}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'onwa September, n'afọ pụkụ abụọ na iri na abụọ, Surgeon General Benjamin wepụtara &quot;The 2012 National Strategy for Suicide Prevention, a akụkọ sitere na US Surgeon General na Action Alliance&quot;. Akụkọ a tụlere ihe mgbaru ọsọ iri na atọ na
[[Usòrò:Regina Benjamin official portrait.jpg|thumb|Foto gọọmentị Regina Benjamin]]
a ebumnoiri isii m0 maka ibelata igbu onwe onye n'ime airi so sochirinụ. N'apụkụ0abụọ na abụọ, 2, Dọkịta Ọkachamara David Satcher wepụtara atụmatụ mba mbụ maka igbochi igbu onwe ya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/library/reports/national-strategy-suicide-prevention/index.html|title=National Strategy for Suicide Prevention: Goals and Objectives for Action, 2012|author=SG|date=April 5, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;  

Benjamin gbara arụkwaghịm n'ọkwa nke US Surgeon General na Julaị 16, 2013. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.publichealthnewswire.org/?p=7789|date=June 12, 2013|work=Public Health Newswire|publisher=American Public Health Association|title=Surgeon General Regina Benjamin announces resignation|author=David|accessdate=July 27, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160328011111/http://www.publichealthnewswire.org/?p=7789|archivedate=March 28, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Nkatọ ====
E kwuwo na nkwado ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị o nyere maka ime ime dị ka isi iyi nke esemokwu, ebe Benjamin bụ onye Katọlik, Chọọchị Katọlik na-emegidekwa ime otú ahụ. Agbanyeghị, ọ nwetakwara ihe nrite n'aka [[Pope Benedict XVI]] .  Benjamin na-anọdụkwa na bọọdụ nke Catholic Health Association  ma na-arụsi ọrụ ike na ụlọ ụka obodo ya.  Benjamin jere ozi na bọọdụ ndị nlekọta nke Òtù Ahụ Ike Katọlik. Lloyd Dean kwadoro ya, onye isi oche nke Catholic Healthcare West, usoro ụlọ ọgwụ kachasị na California, onye wepụtara nkwupụta na-ekwu na ọ &quot;nwere obi ụtọ&quot; maka nhọpụta ya. 

N'oge usoro nkwenye ya, ndị nkatọ chọkwara ime ka ibu nke Benjamin bụrụ isi iyi nke esemokwu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Health/regina-bejamin-surgeon-general-nominee-overweight/story?id=8129947|title=Benjamin: Too Heavy to Be Nation's Top Doc?|publisher=ABC News|date=July 2, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;reginacia&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.al.com/news/press-register/metro.ssf?/base/news/1254993360186020.xml&amp;coll=3|title=Mobile, Alabama Real-Time News - al.com|accessdate=September 14, 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121006164702/http://www.al.com/news/press-register/metro.ssf?%2Fbase%2Fnews%2F1254993360186020.xml&amp;coll=3|archivedate=October 6, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;

''Onye na-ede akwụkwọ akụkọ nri New York Times'' Mark Bittman kwuru na Benjamin, &quot;dị ka ọtụtụ n'ime ndị bu ya ụzọ&quot;, zeere esemokwu, ma zere ịkatọ ụlọ ọrụ. Akụkọ 2010, ka o kwuru, na-ata &quot;ndị ọ metụtara&quot; ụta maka iri oke nri na anaghị emega ahụ nke ọma, ebe ha na-eleghara ire ahịa nri junk anya, yana ihe akaebe sayensị maka ntinye nke nri ndị na-atọ ụtọ na oke ibu. 

== Ihe nrite ==
Na 1998, ọ bụ onye United States nwetara onyinye nrite [[Nelson Mandela]] maka ahụike na ikike mmadụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;Genius-2009-07-13&quot;/&gt;

Akpọrọ Benjamin aha site na &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwtQ&quot;&gt;magazin TIME&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; dị ka otu n'ime &quot;Nation's 50 Future Leaders Age 40 and Under.&quot; E gosipụtara ya na akwụkwọ ''akụkọ New York Times'', &quot;Angel in a White Coat,&quot; wee họrọ ya &quot;Onye nke izu&quot; site na ABC 's World News Tonight with Peter Jennings, &quot;Nwanyị nke Afọ&quot; site na CBS Morning a . na &quot;Nwanyị nke Afọ&quot; site na magazin ndị mmadụ . E gosikwara ya na mkpuchi December 1999 nke ''Clarity Magazine'' wee nweta 2000 National Careing Award, nke sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ mama Teresa . &lt;ref name=&quot;bayoubenjamin&quot;/&gt;

N'afọ 2006, [[Pope Benedict XVI]] nyere ya obe nke popu Pro Ecclesia et Pontifice . 

Na 2008, a kpọrọ Benjamin aha otu n'ime ndị ndu kacha mma America site na US News &amp;amp;amp; World Report . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.usnews.com/articles/news/best-leaders/2008/11/19/americas-best-leaders-regina-benjamin-small-town-primary-care-physician.html|title=America's Best Leaders – Regina Benjamin|accessdate=July 13, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na Septemba 2008, ọ bụ otu n'ime klas nke 25 nke afọ ahụ na MacArthur Fellows Programme, nke a na-akpọ &quot;Genius Awards,&quot; na-enweta onyinye sitere na John D. na Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation nke ga-abụrịrị $ 500,000 n'ime oge. afọ ise. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.usnews.com/articles/news/national/2009/07/13/obama-names-regina-benjamin-as-surgeon-general.html|title=Obama Names Regina Benjamin as Surgeon General}}&lt;/ref&gt; Otú ọ dị, dị ka onye ọrụ gọọmenti etiti, ọ kwụsịrị ịnakwere MacArthur Fellows stipend mgbe ọ nabatara ọnọdụ dị ka Surgeon General. 
{|
|[[File:Office_of_HHS_ID_Badge.png|77x77px]]&lt;/img&gt; baajị nke Ọfịs Secretary of Health and Human Services
|-
|[[File:USPHSCC_Surgeon_General_Badge.png|78x78px]]&lt;/img&gt; Surgeon General nke United States baajị
|-
|[[File:Public_Health_Service_Regular_Corps_Ribbon.png|60x60px]]&lt;/img&gt; Ribbon ndị ọrụ ahụike ọha
|-
|[[File:Ribbon.Crossproecclesiaetpontifice.jpg|60x60px]]&lt;/img&gt; Pro Ecclesia et Pontifice Award
|-
|}
N'afọ 2009, ọ natara ihe nrite nturu ugo American Medical Association Foundation Leadership Award .

N'afọ  2010, e nyere ya nzere nsọpụrụ nke Dọkịta Sayensị si Dartmouth College na emume mmalite ya.

Na Mee 8, 2010, e nyere ya nzere nsọpụrụ nke Doctorate of Pharmacy site na Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences na mmemme mmalite mmalite 130 nke kọleji emere na Empire State Plaza na Albany, New York .

Na Satọde, Mee 15, 2010, Dr. Benjamin nwetara nzere nsọpụrụ nke Dọkịta Sayensị na Mahadum Tulane.

N'October 7, Nafo 2010, ọ natara onyinye nturu ugo Trumpeter site na National Consumers League na-amata afọ ole ọ rụrụ ọrụ iji kwalite ahụike mba ahụ.

Na May 28, 2011, ọ natara akara nsọpụrụ nke Doctorate of Humane Letters site na Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, o nyefere adreesị maka mmalite 205 nke ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ.

Na Mee 18, 2012, ọ nwetara akara ugo mmụta nsọpụrụ nke Doctorate of Science na Mahadum Rochester Medical Center 's School of Medicine and Dentistry. O nyekwara adreesị mmalite.

N'onwa Mee 9, 2014, ọ natara Nichols-Chancellor's Medal site na Mahadum Vanderbilt wee kwuo okwu na mmemme ụbọchị Senior University.

Na Mee 14, 2016, ọ nwetara akara ugo mmụta nsọpụrụ na kọleji Elizabethtown . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://lancasteronline.com/news/local/give-of-yourself-dr-regina-benjamin-tells-elizabethtown-college-graduates/article_5929997e-1a18-11e6-acd6-73886354c6ab.html|title=Give of yourself, Dr. Regina Benjamin tells Elizabethtown College graduates|publisher=Lancaster Online|first=Tim|author=Stuhldreher|date=May 14, 2016|accessdate=February 11, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170730180123/http://lancasteronline.com/news/local/give-of-yourself-dr-regina-benjamin-tells-elizabethtown-college-graduates/article_5929997e-1a18-11e6-acd6-73886354c6ab.html|archive-date=July 30, 2017|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndensibia ==

[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
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'''Ụmụnwanyị gbara ọsọ ndụ''' na-eche ihe ịma aka gbasara nwoke na nwanyị ihu n'ịga ndụ kwa ụbọchị n'oge ọ bụla nke ahụmịhe mbugharị ha.&lt;ref name=&quot;unhcr.org&quot;/&gt; Ihe ịma aka ndị a na-ahụkarị maka ụmụnwanyị niile gbara ọsọ ndụ, n'agbanyeghị data ndị ọzọ gbasara ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ, bụ ịnweta ahụike na mmetọ ahụ na ọnọdụ ịkpa ókè, ime ihe ike mmekọahụ, na ịzụ ahịa mmadụ bụ ndị a na-ahụkarị.&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Indra|first=Doreen|date=1987|title=Gender: a key dimension of the refugee experience|journal=Canada's Journal on Refugees|volume=6}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ma ọ bụrụgodị na ụmụnwanyị aghọghị ndị omume ndị dị otú ahụ metụtara, ha na-echekarị mmetọ na ileghara mkpa na ahụmịhe ha anya, nke na-eduga na nsonaazụ dị mgbagwoju anya gụnyere ịda mbà n'obi, mmechuihu, na mmerụ ahụ ike uche na nke anụ ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20100710030746/http://www.theirc.org/forgotten-frontline-effects-war-women International Rescue Committee. The Forgotten Frontline: The Effects of War on Women.] Retrieved 14 November 2010.&lt;/ref&gt; Enweghị ohere ịnweta ihe onwunwe kwesịrị ekwesị site n'aka òtù enyemaka enyemaka mba ụwa na-eme ka echiche nwoke na nwanyị na-ewu ewu gburugburu ụwa, ọ bụ ezie na mgbanwe ndị na-adịbeghị anya na ntinye nwoke na nwanyị na-ezube ịlụso ihe ndị a ọgụ. 
[[Usòrò:Refugee_women_in_Chad.jpg|thumb|Ụmụnwanyị gbara ọsọ ndụ na Chad]]

== Ahụike ==
[[Usòrò:Health_clinic_at_the_camp,_in_A_Day_in_the_Life_of_a_Refugee_(24394123162).jpg|thumb|Ụlọ ọgwụ ahụike n'ime ogige ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ]]
Nsogbu ahụike nke ụmụnwanyị gbara ọsọ ndụ na-eche ihu sitere na ụkọ mmiri na [[afọ ọsịsa]], ruo nnukwu ahụ ọkụ na [[Iba|ịba]]. Ha gụnyekwara ihe ndị ọzọ sara mbara, dị ka ime ihe ike metụtara nwoke na nwanyị na ahụike nne. Ihe ndị na-ebute ọnwụ ụmụ nwanyị gbara ọsọ ndụ gụnyere [[Agụụ|erighị]] ihe na-edozi ahụ, afọ ọsịsa, ọrịa iku ume, na nsogbu ọmụmụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;UNHCR&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.un.org/en/documents/udhr|title=Reproductive Health in Refugee Situations: An Interagency Field Manual|publisher=UNHCR|accessdate=13 April 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nchegbu ahụike nke ụmụnwanyị gbara ọsọ ndụ na-emetụta ihe dị iche iche gụnyere ahụ ha, uche, na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Herrel|first=Nathaly|date=July 2005|title=Somali refugee women speak out about their needs for care during pregnancy and delivery|pmid=15236715|journal=Journal of Midwifery and Women's Health|volume=49|issue=4|pages=345–349|doi=10.1016/j.jmwh.2004.02.008}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nsogbu ahụike na nchegbu maka ụmụnwanyị gbara ọsọ ndụ juru ebe niile ma n'oge ha dị ka ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ bi n'ogige ma ọ bụ ebe mgbaba, yana ozugbo ha kwagara mba mgbaba ma ọ bụ ebe obibi.   
Ihe ndị dị n'èzí na-enye aka na nchegbu ahụike nke ụmụnwanyị gbara ọsọ ndụ gụnyere ọdịbendị na-eme ka nwoke na nwanyị dị mma, oke njem, enweghị ohere ịnweta ụlọ ọrụ ahụike, ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu n'ime ogige ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ, na ọkwa agụmakwụkwọ dị ala.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Poureslami|first=IM|date=September 20, 2004|title=Sociocultural, Environmental, and Health Challenges Facing Women and Children Living Near the Borders Between Afghanistan, Iran, and Pakistan (AIP Region)|url=http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/487825|journal=MedGenMen|volume=6|issue=3|accessdate=13 April 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.globalhealth.org/images/pdf/events/krause_041806.pdf|title=Women as Refugees: A Health Overview|publisher=Women’s Commission for Refugee Women and Children|accessdate=13 April 2011|archivedate=5 April 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110405163521/http://www.globalhealth.org/images/pdf/events/krause_041806.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.unhcr.org/pages/49c3646c1e2.html|title=Women's Concerns|publisher=UNHCR}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ahụike ịmụ nwa ===
Òtù enyemaka enyemaka mba ụwa, dị ka United Nations, kwenyere na nlekọta ọmụmụ zuru oke ga-abụ &quot;nchekwa, dị irè ... [na] ọnụ ala.&quot; Dị ka United Nations si kwuo, ọ bụ ezie na ụkpụrụ zuru ụwa ọnụ na ikike mmadụ na-akwado nnweta mkpa nlekọta ahụike nke ụmụnwanyị niile, ọrụ ndị kwekọrọ n'ụkpụrụ zuru oke mgbe ha na-akwanyere ọdịiche ọdịbendị ùgwù anaghị enyekarị ụmụnwanyị gbara ọsọ ndụ. N'ihi enweghị nlekọta ahụike ọmụmụ na-eju afọ n'ogige ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ, nsogbu metụtara ịmụ nwa na ime ime bụ otu n'ime ihe ndị na-ebute ọnwụ na ọrịa n'etiti ụmụnwanyị gbara ọsọ ndụ bi n'ogige ndị na-agafe agafe na 2010.

Ụmụnwanyị ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ ndị nke hapụrụ ebe obi  a Na-enyere ha aka ma kwaga na mba ọzọ iji nara nchekwa and nweta ebe obibi na-enwekwa nsogbu nke ịmụ nwa. Nnyocha e bipụtara na 2004 nke Journal of Midwifery na Health Women's Health chọpụtara na ụmụnwanyị gbara ọsọ ndụ bi na mba ndị bara ọgaranya na-enwe nsogbu n'inweta nlekọta ọmụmụ kwesịrị ekwesị n'ihi ịkọ nkọ, ihe mgbochi asụsụ, na enweghị nkwanye ùgwù na nghọta omenala..

=== Ahụike uche ===
Ụmụnwanyị gbara ọsọ ndụ na-echekarị ọtụtụ nsogbu ahụike uche ihu na mba ha, n'ogige ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ, na mba ndị a na-ebigharị ma ọ bụ ebe mgbaba.&lt;ref name=&quot;unhcr.org&quot;/&gt; Na mba ha, ụmụnwanyị ndị gbapụrụ ọsọ ndụ dị ka ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ nwere ike ịbụ ndị e metọrọ n'ụzọ uche ma ọ bụ n'ụzọ anụ ahụ n'ihi ihe dị iche iche, gụnyere mgbukpọ agbụrụ; ịnwa ime ihere nke ezinụlọ, obodo, ma ọ bụ ọdịbendị; ma ọ bụ maka ịbụ ndị a hụrụ dị ka &quot;ihe ize ndụ na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=The Blue room. Trauma and testimony among refugee women. A psycho-social exploration|author=Agger|first=Inger|publisher=Zed Books|year=1994}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ụdị mmegbu ndị a na-edugakarị n'ịchụpụ ma ọ bụ ịgba ọsọ, ma nwee ọchịchọ ịkpata nhụjuanya na mmerụ ahụ na ahụike uche na ọdịmma nke ụmụnwanyị gbara ọsọ ndụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot; /&gt; N'ogige ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ, ahụike uche nke ụmụnwanyị gbara ọsọ ndụ na-emetụtakwa ihe omume ịkpa ókè dabere na nwoke na nwanyị, mmekọahụ na ime ihe ike n'ụlọ, ọrụ mmanye, na ibu ọrụ dị arọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Cole|first=Ellen|date=October 2008|title=Refugee women and their mental health: Shattered societies, shattered lives|journal=Women and Therapy|volume=13|issue=1–2|pages=1–4|doi=10.1300/J015V13N01_01}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Na mba ndị mgbaba na ebe obibi, nsogbu na ahụike uche na-enwekwa n'ihi ihe mgbochi asụsụ na ọdịbendị, nchekasị nke ịgbanahụ mkpagbu na mba ha, ihe isi ike ịchọ ọgwụgwọ ahụike uche, na ohere dị ukwuu nke ihu mmegbu ihu ma e jiri ya tụnyere ndị mba ndị ọbịa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

Na nzaghachi maka ịgbapụ na mba ha, ụmụnwanyị gbara ọsọ ndụ na ndị na-achọ ebe mgbaba na-ebute nsogbu nrụgide posttraumatic (PTSD). Ọtụtụ ndị na-eme nnyocha na-ahazi ihe owuwu nke mmerụ ahụ dị ka mwakpo mmekọahụ, mmetọ anụ ahụ, ịgba akaebe ime ihe ike, ime ihe ike nke ndị mmekọ, mmerụ ahụ n'etiti mmadụ na ibe ya, mmerụ ahụ nwata, na mmerụ ahụ dị mgbagwoju anya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Gulden|first=Ashley W.|date=2016-01-01|title=How Yoga Helps Heal Interpersonal Trauma: Perspectives and Themes from 11 Interpersonal Trauma Survivors|url=https://meridian.allenpress.com/ijyt/article/26/1/21/137895/How-Yoga-Helps-Heal-Interpersonal-Trauma|journal=International Journal of Yoga Therapy|language=en|volume=26|issue=1|pages=21–31|doi=10.17761/1531-2054-26.1.21|issn=1531-2054}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Ọzọkwa, ọmụmụ nyocha na-akọwa nsogbu nrụgide posttraumatic (PTSD) dị ka ndị American Psychiatric Association depụtara.  Ụfọdụ ihe mgbaàmà nke PTSD gụnyere ahụmahụ na-enye nsogbu na nke ugboro ugboro dị ka nrọ ọjọọ ma ọ bụ ntụgharị uche, ahụmịhe siri ike nke mmetụta metụtara ihe omume ahụ, mmetụta nke ịpụ iche, izere mkpali metụtara ihe omume ahụ, mmụba nke mkpali, mgbanwe na-adịghị mma na ọnọdụ, na mmeghachi omume dị egwu. Ọ bụrụ na a hapụghị mgbaàmà, ọtụtụ ndị lanarịrị nwere ike ịda mbà n'obi, nchekasị, nsogbu itinye uche, nsogbu ihi ụra, omume iwe, iwe iwe, na ihe isi ike ịmepụta mmekọrịta dị mma na nke bara uru.

Ịgbapụ n'obodo nwere ike ịkpata nsogbu uche ogologo oge nke mmekọrịta alụmdi na nwunye na ezinụlọ. N'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, itinye ego ụmụn

nwanyị na ndụ ezinụlọ na obodo enweela mmetụta dị njọ, na-ahapụ ha n'ihe ize ndụ karịsịa maka mmetụta nke mmerụ ahụ n'ihi mmetụta na-emetụta ọrụ mụ nwanyị na mba dị iche iche. Ụmụ nwanyị nwere ọchịchọ ịzụlite ndị ọzọ na ịnọgide na-enwe mmekọrịta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Taylor|first=Shelley E.|date=2000|title=Biobehavioral responses to stress in females: Tend-and-befriend, not fight-or-flight.|url=http://doi.apa.org/getdoi.cfm?doi=10.1037/0033-295X.107.3.411|journal=Psychological Review|language=en|volume=107|issue=3|pages=411–429|doi=10.1037/0033-295X.107.3.411|issn=1939-1471}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ike a n'ikpeazụ na-enye aka na njikọ na njikọ n'ebe ndị ọzọ nọ. Mmekọrịta n'ebe ndị ọzọ nọ bụ otu n'ime mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya nke na-emetụta mgbe mmadụ nwetara PTSD. Mmetụta ndị a nwere ike ịdị njọ maka ụmụ nwanyị na-enwekarị ọganihu site na ịmepụta na ịnọgide na-enwe njikọ na ndị ọzọ. N'ụzọ dị mwute, ụmụ nwanyị gbara ọsọ ndụ na ndị na-achọ ebe mgbaba na-eche ịchụpụ ezinụlọ ihu na-eme ka mgbaàmà nke PTSD ka njọ.

Ọrụ ahụike uche ga-abara ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ uru, na ndị na-achọ ebe mgbaba dịka mgbaàmà PTSD nwere ike ịka njọ ma ọ bụrụ na a hapụghị ya. Nnyocha e mere na ụmụ nwanyị gbara ọsọ ndụ na ndị na-achọ ebe mgbaba nyochara mmetụta nke usoro ahụike uche nke otu e mere iji belata nchekasị posttraumatic maka ụmụ nwanyị Bhutanese gbara ọsọ ndụ bụ ndị biri na mba United States n'oge na-adịbeghị anya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mitschke 249–266&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Mitschke|first=Diane B.|date=May 2013|title=Common Threads: Improving the Mental Health of Bhutanese Refugee Women Through Shared Learning|url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15332985.2013.769926|journal=Social Work in Mental Health|language=en|volume=11|issue=3|pages=249–266|doi=10.1080/15332985.2013.769926|issn=1533-2985}}&lt;/ref&gt; E debere ndị sonyere n'ọtụtụ ìgwè iji chọpụta arụmọrụ nke mmemme ahụ. E kewara ụmụnwanyị n'ìgwè atọ; ìgwè abụọ nyere nsụgharị nke ntinye aka, otu ìgwè jere ozi dị ka njikwa. Nsonaazụ sitere na nyocha tupu, post, na nyocha na-esote na-egosi na ndị sonyere n'òtù ntinye aka abụọ ahụ nwere obere nchekasị, ịda mbà n'obi, nchekasị, somatization, na mgbaàmà PTSD na posttest.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mitschke 249–266&quot; /&gt; N'ụzọ na-akpali mmasị, ọganihu ahụike uche n'etiti ndị sonyere na ya gara n'ihu na nyocha ọnwa 3. N'ụzọ dị iche, ndị sonyere na nchịkwa ndị na-anataghị otu ụdị ọgwụgwọ ahụ gosipụtara mgbaàmà ahụike uche ha bịara sie ike ka oge na-aga. N'ụzọ dị mkpa, nsonaazụ ndị a na-atụ aro na usoro ahụike uche nke otu e mere iji dozie nrụgide posttraumatic nwere ike iwepụta nsonaazụ dị mma na ahụike uche nke ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ na nso nso a. Ọzọkwa, nsonaazụ ndị a na-enye nnukwu ihe akaebe na n'enweghị enyemaka, ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ a kwagara n'oge na-adịbeghị anya nwere ike inwe mbelata ahụike uche ka oge na-aga mgbe ha na-ebigharị na mba ha.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mitschke 249–266&quot; /&gt; Nnyocha ndị ọzọ banyere arụmọrụ mmemme dị mkpa iji nye nkwado dị mkpa maka ụmụ nwanyị gbara ọsọ ndụ na ndị na-achọ ebe mgbaba.

=== Nri ===
[[Agụụ|Erighị ihe na-edozi ahụ]] nke ụmụnwanyị gbara ọsọ ndụ na-egosipụta n'ụzọ dịgasị iche iche ma n'ogige ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ ma na mba mgbaba na ebe obibi.&lt;ref name=&quot;unhcr.org&quot;&gt;[http://www.unhcr.org/pages/49c3646c1e2.html The United Nations Refugee Agency. Women’s Concerns.] Retrieved 14 November 2010.&lt;/ref&gt; Nsogbu nke nchekwa nri, nghọtahie akụ na ụba na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, na ịkpa ókè n'ime ogige ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ na-enye aka na nri na ahụike nke ọtụtụ ụmụ nwanyị gbara ọsọ ndụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Pottier|first=Johan|date=December 1996|title=Why Aid Agencies Need Better Understanding of the Communities They Assist: The Experience of Food Aid in Rwandan Refugee Camps|journal=Disasters|volume=20|issue=4|pages=324–227|doi=10.1111/j.1467-7717.1996.tb01047.x|pmid=8991217}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ime nyocha nke enyemaka nri n'ogige ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ [[Rwanda]], ndị ọkachamara chọpụtara na ụlọ ọrụ enyemaka mba ụwa enweghị nchebara echiche na nlebara anya na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, akụ na ụba, na omenala nke mba ndị nọ na nsogbu nwere ike ibute enyemaka nri na-ezughị oke na nke na-ekwesịghị ekwesị, nke n'aka nke ya nwere ike ịkpata erighị nri na-edozi ahụ maka ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; N'otu aka ahụ, nnyocha egosiwo na n'agbanyeghị enweghị ọdịiche iwu n'etiti ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị gbara ọsọ ndụ, obodo ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ mba ụwa na ọbụna òtù enyemaka na-akwado ịkpa ókè dabere na nwoke na nwanyị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Johnsson|first=Anders|date=January 1989|title=The International Protection of Women Refugees A Summary of Principal Problems and Issues|journal=[[International Journal of Refugee Law]]|volume=1|issue=2|pages=221–232|doi=10.1093/ijrl/1.2.221}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nke a na-asụgharị n'erighị nri na-edozi ahụ maka ụmụ nwanyị gbara ọsọ ndụ site na enweghị ihe dị mkpa na nkesa nri yana nlekọta ahụike maka nsogbu metụtara nri na enweghị nlekọta nri.&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Dharod|first=JM|date=January 2013|title=Food insecurity: its relationship to dietary intake and body weight among Somali refugee women in the United States.|pmid=23084983|journal=Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior|volume=45|issue=1|pages=47–53|doi=10.1016/j.jneb.2012.03.006|url=http://libres.uncg.edu/ir/uncg/f/J_Dharod_Food_2013.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230605104329/http://libres.uncg.edu/ir/uncg/f/J_Dharod_Food_2013.pdf|archive-date=2023-06-05|access-date=2022-04-24|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Usòrò:South_Sudanese_refugees_being_served_food._Many_of_the_complain_of_hunger_due_to_the_food_rationing_by_World_Food_Program._PHOTO_BY_FELIX_WAROM_OKELLO.jpg|thumb|A na-enye ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ South Sudan nri. Ọtụtụ n'ime ha na-eme mkpesa maka agụụ n'ihi nri nke World Food Program]]
Nsogbu nke erighị ihe na-edozi ahụ na-adịgide na mba ndị mgbaba na ebe obibi maka ụmụ nwanyị gbara ọsọ ndụ n'agbanyeghị usoro nke ụkọ nri na enweghị agụmakwụkwọ na-edozi ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;unhcr.org&quot;/&gt; Nnyocha e mere banyere ụmụ nwanyị gbara ọsọ ndụ Somalia n'afọ 2013 chọpụtara na ọnụ ọgụgụ anụ na àkwá dị elu karịa ụmụ nwanyị gbara ọsọ ndụ karịa ọnụ ọgụgụ ụmụ nwanyị mba ọbịa, ebe ọnụ ọgụgụ nke mkpụrụ osisi na akwụkwọ nri dị ala. Nnyocha metụtara ụmụ nwanyị ndị Cambodia gbara ọsọ ndụ chọpụtara na ihe ndị na-ahụkarị maka nri na-edozi ahụ na-adịghị mma bụ ibi na nri na-enweghị nchebe, ebe ndị na-akpata ego dị ala, enweghị ụzọ akụ na ụba ịzụta nri na-edozi ahụ, na enweghị agụmakwụkwọ banyere iri nri na-edozi ahụ na mba ọhụrụ ha bi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Peterman|first=Jerusha Nelson|date=August 2010|title=Relationship between past food deprivation and current dietary practices and weight status among Cambodian refugee women in Lowell, MA.|pmid=20724691|journal=American Journal of Public Health|volume=100|issue=10|pages=1930–1937|doi=10.2105/AJPH.2009.175869}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
A na-amanyekarị ụmụ nwanyị gbara ọsọ ndụ ịrụ ọrụ n'ogige ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ site na mmesi ike nke ọrụ ọdịnala nwoke na nwanyị na echiche. Ụmụ nwanyị nọ n'ogige ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ na-abụkarị isi mmalite nke ọrụ anụ ahụ maka nchịkọta mmiri na nzacha, yana obere ọrụ ubi na ọrụ ugbo na ịkwadebe nri. N'agbanyeghị nnukwu ọrụ ha na mpaghara ndị a, a na-ewepụ ụmụ nwanyị na ndu na kọmitii na ndị na-eme atụmatụ n'ime ogige ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ ma na-ahapụ ha n'ọrụ siri ike. Ka ọ dịgodị, a na-ahụkarị ụmụ nwoke gbara ọsọ ndụ n'ọnọdụ mmetụta na ike n'ime ogige ahụ na n'etiti ụlọ ọrụ enyemaka mba ụwa.

A na-arụkwa ụmụ nwanyị gbara ọsọ ndụ n'ogige ndị na-agafe agafe, na-agụnye ma ịgba akwụna mmanye na ọrụ mmanye.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Hynes|first=Michelle|date=October 2000|title=Sexual violence against refugee women|pmid=11074947|journal=Journal of Women's Health &amp; Gender-Based Medicine|volume=9|issue=8|pages=819–823|doi=10.1089/152460900750020847}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na mgbakwunye na imebi ikike iwu nke ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ, a chọpụtala na ọrụ mmanye nke ụmụ nwanyị na-arụ n'ogige ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ na-emebi ahụ ike, uche, na ọdịmma ọha na eze.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Pittaway|first=Ellen|date=2001|title=Refugees, race, and gender: The multiple discrimination against refugee women|journal=Refuge: Canada's Journal on Refugees|volume=19}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọtụtụ mgbe, a na-achọ ụmụ nwanyị a na-arụ ọrụ ndị a na ndị ọzọ a manyere n'ihi agbụrụ ha na ọnọdụ dị ala na ọha mmadụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

== Mmekọahụ na Mmekọahụ na Mmekọahụ ==
Dị ka United Nations si kwuo, ime ihe ike dabere na nwoke na nwanyị n'ihe gbasara mwakpo megide ụmụ nwanyị gbara ọsọ ndụ bụ &quot;omume ime ihe ike ọ bụla nke na-akpata ... mmerụ ahụ, mmekọahụ, ma ọ bụ uche ma ọ bụ nhụjuanya nye ụmụ nwanyị gụnyere iyi egwu. . . . . mmanye, ma ọ bụ nnwere onwe n'ụzọ na-enweghị isi. &quot; Mwakpo ụmụ nwanyị gbara ọsọ ndụ bụ ma mmekọahụ ma na-abụghị mmekọahụ, ọ bụ ezie na ọnọdụ ime ihe ike na-egosipụtakarị n'ụdị ime ihe ike mmekọahụ maka ụmụ nwanyị gbara ọsọ ndụ.

Dị ka nnyocha e mere n'afọ 2000, ụmụ nwanyị na-enwekarị ike idina n'ike na ụdị mwakpo mmekọahụ ndị ọzọ n'oge agha na &quot;ịgbawa nke usoro mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya&quot; n'ihi ihe dị iche iche. Ihe ndị a gụnyere ọgba aghara ọha na eze, ngwakọta nke ọdịbendị na ụkpụrụ dị iche iche, ike ike zuru oke, na nkwarụ nke ụmụ nwanyị na-achọ ebe mgbaba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Isolated, afraid and forgotten: The service delivery needs and realities of immigrant and refugee women who are battered|author=MacLeod|first=Linda|publisher=National Clearinghouse on Family Violence, Health, and Welfare|year=1990|location=Ottawa, Canada}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ụzọ ime ihe ike na mwakpo mmekọahụ si egosipụta onwe ha megide ụmụ nwanyị gbara ọsọ ndụ gụnyere ịgba akwụna mmanye ma ọ bụ mmekọahụ mmanye site n'aka ndị ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ enyemaka mba ụwa / ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo, ịgba akwụna mmanye ma ọ bụ mmekọahụ mmanye site n'aka ndị otu ha n'ogige ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ, ịgba akwụna mmanye mmekọahụ mmanye mmekọahụ site n'aka ndị obodo, ndina n'ike site n'aka onye ọ bụla n'ime ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ dị n'elu, mgbanwe nke mmekọahụ maka ihe onwunwe ma ọ bụ ọrụ dị mkpa, ma ọ bụ ịnwa ịkparị nwanyị, di ya, ma ọ bụ nna ya. A na-ewere ime ihe ike mmekọahụ dị ka isiokwu a na-akwadoghị n'ọtụtụ ọdịbendị, ya mere ime ihe ike metụtara nwoke na nwanyị anaghịkwa akọ akụkọ. Ọbụna ma ọ bụrụ na ụmụ nwanyị chọrọ ịkọ ihe ike, ọ dịghị ebe ọ bụla n'ime ogige ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ ka ha ga-atụgharị.

Ụmụ nwanyị gbara ọsọ ndụ na ndị na-achọ ebe mgbaba na-eche ọ bụghị naanị ime ihe ike kamakwa mmetọ mmetụta uche. A na-akọwa mmetọ mmetụta uche dị ka omume ọ bụla ebum n'uche nke na-emebi iguzosi ike n'ezi uche nke onye ọzọ site na mmanye ma ọ bụ iyi egwu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Aguirre|first=Nicole G.|date=August 2020|title=A coding tool and abuse data for female asylum seekers|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2352340920308064|journal=Data in Brief|language=en|volume=31|pages=105912|doi=10.1016/j.dib.2020.105912|pmid=32637508}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ihe atụ nke mmetọ mmetụta uche gụnyere ịnọpụ iche n'ebe ndị ọzọ nọ, njide, njikwa ego, mkparị ọnụ, ileghara anya, iyi egwu, iyi egwu, njikwa, ịgọnahụ mmetọ nke onye ahụ, na iji obi amamikpe ma ọ bụ ihere dị ka ụdị njikwa. Nnyocha e mere na ụmụ nwanyị lanarịrị mmerụ ahụ lekwasịrị anya na ahụike uche n'etiti ndị na-achọ ebe mgbaba chọpụtara na n'etiti ụdị ime ihe ike mmekọahụ na nke nwoke na nwanyị (SGBV), 62% nke ihe ngosi ahụ nwere ụdị mmetọ mmetụta uche.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Kalt|first=Anne|date=March 2013|title=Asylum Seekers, Violence and Health: A Systematic Review of Research in High-Income Host Countries|url=http://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/10.2105/AJPH.2012.301136|journal=American Journal of Public Health|language=en|volume=103|issue=3|pages=e30–e42|doi=10.2105/AJPH.2012.301136|issn=0090-0036|pmid=23327250}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A na-elegharakarị mmetọ mmetụta uche anya n'ihi na enweghị ihe ngosi anụ ahụ. N'ime nnyocha lekwasịrị anya na njikọ dị n'etiti mmetọ mmetụta uche na mmata, ndị na-eme nnyocha chọpụtara na ndị lanarịrị na-etokarị usoro nghọta iji nagide gburugburu ebe obibi ha. Iji gbakwunye, ndị lanarịrị mmetọ mmetụta uche nwere ike ịzụlite àgwà ịgọnahụ na nkewa iji mee ka echiche na-enye nsogbu ghara ịma ma mesịa chebe onwe ha. N'ihi ya, ndị lanarịrị na-eme ka eziokwu nke ọnọdụ ha ghara ịma ma nwee ike ghara ịkọwa ọnọdụ ha dị ka mmetọ mmetụta uche ma ghara ijide njirimara nke mmetọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:14&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Keygnaert|first=Ines|date=May 2012|title=Hidden violence is silent rape: sexual and gender-based violence in refugees, asylum seekers and undocumented migrants in Belgium and the Netherlands|url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13691058.2012.671961|journal=Culture, Health &amp; Sexuality|language=en|volume=14|issue=5|pages=505–520|doi=10.1080/13691058.2012.671961|issn=1369-1058|pmid=22468763}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ụzọ dị iche, ụfọdụ ndị lanarịrị na-enwe ọtụtụ mmetụta uche, nke na-akọwawanye mgbagwoju anya nke mmetọ mmetụta uche. Usoro mgbaba ahụ mere ka ọtụtụ ụmụ nwanyị nwee mmechuihu, njide, na nsogbu mmetụta uche. Achọpụtara nsonaazụ nke nsogbu mmetụta uche na uche na ụzọ abụọ n'ụzọ atọ nke ndị sonyere. Ndị zaghachirinụ kọwara na ha 'ndị dara mbà n'obi,' 'mkpebi uche', 'ndị na-enweghị obi nkoropụ', ma ọ bụ 'enweghị nchebe.' Ọzọkwa, ndị lanarịrị ghọrọ ndị dịpụrụ adịpụ ma ghara ịtụkwasị ndị ọzọ obi. Ndị ọzọ na-emeso nchegbu, ihere, obi amamikpe, nkụda mmụọ, iwe, na ịkpọasị. Otu onye zaghachirinụ kọrọ, &quot;Ịkụ aka dị mma karịa ikwu okwu. Ihe o kwuru wutere m karịa ịkụ m ihe. Mgbe ụfọdụ, ịkụ ya dị mfe ịnagide karịa mmekpa ahụ uche. &quot; Ihe odide a dị mwute na-eme ka a mata otú eziokwu si bụrụ ihe mgbu nke ndị na-ata ahụhụ site na mmetọ anụ ahụ na nke mmetụta uche.

A na-ahụta ụfọdụ ihe ize ndụ metụtara ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ na ndị na-achọ ebe mgbaba dị ka omume na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya. Ihe ize ndụ omume gụnyere iji ọgwụ ọjọọ na mmanya na-aba n'anya, àgwà ọnụ na nke na-abụghị okwu, ịnọ naanị gị n'okporo ámá n'abalị, enweghị nkà nchebe onwe onye, na amaghị otú e si asụ asụsụ nke mba nnabata. Ụdị ihe ize ndụ omume ndị a mere ka ụmụ nwanyị nwee &quot;enweghị obi ike onwe ha&quot;, &quot;inwe mmetụta nke ọrịa uche,&quot; na &quot;enweghị ọtụtụ ụbụrụ&quot;. Otu ụzọ n'ụzọ anọ nke ndị zaghachirinụ kwenyere na ịbụ nwanyị bụkwa ihe ize ndụ, na-eduga ha n'ahụmahụ na-adịghị ike. Iji gbakwunye, ndị zaghachirinụ kọwara ihe ize ndụ dị n'ime mmadụ dị ka &quot;inwe ihe atụ ọjọọ dị ka ndị enyi na ndị nne na nna&quot; na &quot;enweghị onye ọ bụla ị ga-agakwuru&quot;. Obi abụọ adịghị ya, ngwakọta nke ihe ize ndụ ndị a na-eme ka ọtụtụ ụmụ nwanyị nwee mmetụta nke na-abaghị uru na enweghị olileanya.

Ọzọkwa, nsonaazụ nke mmetọ mmetụta uche nwere ike imetụta ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu gbasara netwọkụ mmekọrịta ha ma napụ ha ohere maka mmepe onwe onye, mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, na akụ na ụba n'ọdịnihu. Ọtụtụ mgbe, mgbe ụmụ nwanyị na-achọ ebe mgbaba na ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ na-achọ enyemaka, ha na-etinye onwe ha n'ihe ize ndụ nke ikewapụ ha na ụmụ ha, ịbụ ndị a na-akparị dị ka nwanyị, ma ọ bụ na-ewetara ezinụlọ ha ihere. Omume nke ịbịakwute enyemaka nwere ike ịkpata ihe ize ndụ dị ukwuu na ndụ ha. Ike a na-eme ka o sie ike nke ukwuu maka ndị lanarịrị (SGBV) ịchọ nkwado. A chọrọ nnyocha ndị ọzọ iji dozie mgbagwoju anya nke ịchọ enyemaka maka ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ na ndị na-achọ ebe mgbaba.

Otu atụmatụ nke UNCHR nyere banyere 2015 European refugee ‘crisis’ kwuru na ihe dịka pasent iri abụọ nke ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ na-abanye na EU bụ ụmụnwanyị.&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Freedman|first=Jane|date=2016|title=Sexual and gender-based violence against refugee women: a hidden aspect of the refugee &quot;crisis&quot;|journal=Reproductive Health Matters|volume=24|issue=47|pages=18–26|doi=10.1016/j.rhm.2016.05.003|pmid=27578335|issn=0968-8080}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ụmụ nwanyị ndị e mere ka ha bụrụ ndị na-adịghị ike n'ihi ọnọdụ ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ ha ekwuola na ndị ọrụ ókèala na-ahụ maka ilekọta ahụike na nchekwa ha dị ka ndị na-eme ihe ike gbasara mmekọahụ na nwoke na nwanyị (SGBV). Na nzaghachi, ụlọ ọrụ ndị e nyere ọrụ iji dozie SGBV dị ka Common European Asylum System (CEAS), ejikọtala ọzụzụ mmetụta nwoke na nwanyị iji mezuo ụkpụrụ mba ụwa na EU. Ndị a gụnyere 1951 Refugee Convention, Convention on the Elimination of All Discrimination Against Women, na United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325.

Otú ọ dị, nnyocha banyere okwu ahụ nke Jane Freedman mere n'afọ 2016 n'etiti ndị isi na-eme ihe nkiri dịka ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ, Frontex (ndị ọrụ European Border and Coastguard), UNCHR na òtù ndị ruuru mmadụ egosila na njikọta nke ọzụzụ mgbochi ime ihe ike nke nwoke na nwanyị arụpụtala ihe na-adịghị mma. N'ihi ya, ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ na-abanye na EU ekwuputala nchegbu nke enweghị ike ịnweta ebe obibi na ọrụ n'ogige ndị nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu dị ka ihe mgbochi dị mkpa iji hụ na nchekwa sitere na SGBV. Ụmụ nwanyị gbara ọsọ ndụ na-echekwa mmụba nke ime ihe ike na njem ha. Nke a na -emekarị n'aka ndị na -eme ka njem ha dị mfe, nke Freedman na -ezo aka na ya dị ka 'ndị na -ebubata'. Ọdịdị iwu nke ihe omume ime ihe ike ndị a na-eme ka ịkọ akụkọ sie ike ma ghara iru. Ọzọkwa, mgbanwe ugboro ugboro nke ụzọ mgbaba n'ihi mgbochi ókèala na EU na-eme ka ụmụnwanyị gbara ọsọ ndụ nwee ike ime ihe ike site n'ịbawanye oge nke ụzọ ha.

== Ịnweta Ikpe Ziri Ezi ==
Ọ dị mkpa iburu n'uche na ndina n'ike na mpụ mmekọahụ dịgasị iche site na nkọwa nke mba; ya mere, ịnweta ikpe ziri ezi nwere ike ịdị iche. Otú ọ dị, ọtụtụ ọnụ ọgụgụ zuru oke nke ịnweta ikpe ziri ezi na-aga n'ihu na:

=== N'okpuru akụkọ banyere ime ihe ike mmekọahụ megide ụmụnwanyị gbara ọsọ ndụ ===
Ọtụtụ ndị ọrụ gbara ọsọ ndụ na ndị isi nwere ike ịgọnahụ ịdị adị nke okwu ndị a n'ihi na ọ dịghị mgbe a kọrọ ha. A pụrụ ịta ụmụ nwanyị gbara ọsọ ndụ ụta maka ime ihe ike megide ha. Mkpọmasị ụmụnwanyị nke ndị bekee kpọrọ Misogyny bụ ihe zuru oke na-akọ akụkọ n'okpuru n'ihi ịchụpụ nke ịbụ onye a na-emegbu n'ụzọ mmekọahụ ma n'ọdịbendị ha na obodo ha, enwere ike iwere ya dị ka &quot;ihe ihere ịkọ akụkọ. Ọzọkwa, enweghị asụsụ iji kọọ ihe ike ahụ ma gbochie ikike ha ikwupụta ahụmịhe ha.&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=United Nations|title=Sexual Violence Against Refugees|url=https://www.refworld.org/pdfid/3ae6b33e0.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Nsogbu Iwu Steeti ===
Mgbe ụfọdụ, ụmụnwanyị gbara ọsọ ndụ anaghị ejide akwụkwọ iwu na-egosi na ha nọ na mba n'ụzọ iwu kwadoro. Ụfọdụ ezinụlọ nke ụmụnwanyị gbara ọsọ ndụ nwere ike itinye ọrụ ahụ n'aka ndị isi ezinụlọ na-ejide akwụkwọ iwu ha wee mee ka ha ghara iru. Enweghị akwụkwọ ndị a, ọtụtụ ụmụ nwanyị gbara ọsọ ndụ enweghị ohere ịnweta ọrụ iwu na ihe onwunwe dị ka ndị iwu kwadoro na mba ha. Na mgbakwunye, isi mmalite iwu maka ụmụnwanyị gbara ọsọ ndụ n'ime na n'èzí ebe ha họpụtara. na-enweghị òtù ndị ọzọ na-abụghị nke gọọmentị, United Nations' Human Rights Council ma ọ bụ ọrụ iwu ụlọ ndị ọzọ ha nwere enweghị ike ịnweta ma ọ bụ chọọ ndụmọdụ iwu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt; 

E nwekwara enweghị ntụkwasị obi n'ime gọọmentị mba ha, ya mere ọtụtụ ụmụnwanyị gbara ọsọ ndụ anaghị enwe obi iru ala ikpughe okwu a.

=== Mgbakọ otu UN ===
Nkwupụta Ihe Ndị Ruuru Mmadụ nke Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu na Ụmụ nwanyị gbara ọsọ ndụ na Nchedo Mba Nile No.39 (XXXVI) - 1985 bụ iwu mba ụwa nke na-echebe ụmụnwanyị gbara ọsọ ndụ, ụmụaka na ikike ha. Otú ọ dị, n'ihi na iwu ndị a bụ iwu mba ụwa, ha na-ebelata oke nke ijide ndị omekome) iji zaa ajụjụ n'ihi ike etiti nke usoro ikpe ziri ezi n'ụlọ ebe ikike ịnweta ikpe ziri ezi na ịkwado iwu mba ụwa dị na steeti.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sexual Assault Awareness Month: Major Risks for Women on the Move|url=https://www.refugeesinternational.org/reports/2019/4/30/sexual-assault-awareness-month-major-risks-for-women-on-the-move|accessdate=2021-02-25|work=Refugees International|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Enyemaka mmadụ ==
Ọtụtụ òtù Nongovernmental (NGOs) na òtù gọọmentị na-arụ ọrụ iji kwado ụmụnwanyị na ụmụaka gbara ọsọ ndụ.

N'afọ 1989, e bipụtara mgbalị mbụ maka enyemaka nwoke na nwanyị maka ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ na United Nations High Commission on Refugee manuals.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Vulnerable bodies : gender, the UN and the global refugee crisis|url=https://archive.org/details/vulnerablebodies0000bain|author=Baines|first=Erin|publisher=Ashgate|year=2004|location=Aldershot, Hants, England}}&lt;/ref&gt; E mepụtara atụmatụ mbụ nke itinye aka na nwanyị na enyemaka ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ iji meghachi omume na nsogbu ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ nke Guatemala, [[Bosnia na Herzegovina|Bosnia-Herzegovina]], na Rwanda.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt; Kemgbe oge ahụ, echiche nke itinye aka na nwanyị enwetala nkwado n'ọtụtụ atụmatụ enyemaka ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ, mana ndị ọkachamara kwenyere na enwere oghere n'etiti iwu ha na-akọwa na ahụmịhe nke ụmụnwanyị gbara ọsọ ndụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;

Nnyocha nke Doreen Indra chọpụtara na ọ bụ ezie na e nwere ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ na-enye ụmụnwanyị gbara ọsọ ndụ enyemaka, ọ nwere ike ọ gaghị eru ikike ya niile n'ihi enweghị ntinye ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ na mmemme na iwu ndị a chọrọ inye ha enyemaka.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=INDRA|first=DOREEN MARIE|date=1989-01-01|title=Ethnic Human Rights and Feminist Theory: Gender Implications for Refugee Studies and Practice|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-refugee-studies_1989_2_2/page/221|journal=Journal of Refugee Studies|language=en|volume=2|issue=2|pages=221–242|doi=10.1093/jrs/2.2.221|issn=0951-6328}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe a na-ewepụ ụmụnwanyị gbara ọsọ ndụ na usoro mmepe nke enyemaka mmadụ, a chọpụtara na a na-emekarị iwu gbanyere mkpọrọgwụ na echiche ọdịnala nwoke na nwanyị, si otú a na-eme ka ọrụ ọdịnala na mgbe ụfọdụ na-emerụ ahụ n'ogige ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;

Nyocha nke Linda Cipriano kpughere na ihe mgbochi ọzọ n'ime enyemaka dị irè maka ụmụnwanyị gbara ọsọ ndụ bụ na a na-agọnahụ ụmụnwanyị ọnọdụ dị ka ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ, nke n'aka nke ya na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ihe mgbochi iji nweta enyemaka dị ha mkpa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Cipriano|first=Laura|date=1993|title=Gender and Persecution: Protecting Women under International Refugee Law|journal=Journal of International Law}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kemgbe mmalite ya, nkọwa zuru ụwa ọnụ maka onye gbara ọsọ ndụ dị ka United Nations kọwara bụ onye nwere &quot;egwu nke mkpagbu n'ihi agbụrụ, okpukpe, mba, ma ọ bụ echiche ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị.&lt;ref name=&quot;unhcr.org&quot;/&gt; N'okpuru nkọwa a, a naghị echebe mkpagbu n'ihi nwoke na nwanyị na ime ihe ike mmekọahụ. Ọtụtụ mba na-agbaso asụsụ a siri ike ma na-agọnahụ ụmụnwanyị ịnweta ọrụ nke ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ n'ihi ihe ndị a.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;

Kọmitii nnapụta mba ụwa na-eje ozi dị ka onye na-akwado ụmụnwanyị na gọọmentị mba ọzọ iji nye iwu gbasara ahụike na ọdịmma nke ụmụnwanyị gbara ọsọ ndụ. Ha na-akụzikwara ụmụnwoke na ụmụnwoke ka ha gbanwee omenala ime ihe ike n'ebe ụmụnwanyị nọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;theirc.org&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20120908214235/http://www.theirc.org/irc-a-glance International Rescue Committee. The IRC at a Glance.] Retrieved 14 November 2010.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Leekwa ==

* Ụmụaka gbara ọsọ ndụ

== Ebensidee ==
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'''Reynold Dash Ruffins''' (August 5, 1930 na July 11, 2021) bụ onye America na-ese ihe, onye na-ese foto, na onye na-emepụta ihe osise.&lt;ref name=&quot;Oxford&quot; /&gt; Ya na Milton Glaser, Edward Sorel, na Seymour Chwast, Ruffins guzobere Push Pin Studios na 1954. Ọ bú onye na-ese ihe osise nke ihe karịrị akwụkwọ ụmụaka iri abụọ, a makwara Ruffins maka &quot;ọdịdị ya dị iche iche, ụcha dị egwu, na mmasị maka ihe e kere eke. &quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Oxford&quot;&gt;Zipes, Jack. ''Oxford Encyclopedia of Children's Literature'' (Oxford University Press, 2006).&lt;/ref&gt; O nweela ọtụtụ ihe ngosi onwe ya ma bụrụ akụkụ nke ihe ngosi otu na Paris 'Musée du Louvre, na Milan, Bologna, na Tokyo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.avpress.com/news/newsline/ruffins-push-pin-studios-graphic-artist-dies-at-90/article_559d86a6-f33b-11eb-9bd4-672fd90d7940.html|title=Ruffins, Push Pin Studios graphic artist, dies at 90|access-date=2022-06-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210803011108/https://www.avpress.com/news/newsline/ruffins-push-pin-studios-graphic-artist-dies-at-90/article_559d86a6-f33b-11eb-9bd4-672fd90d7940.html|archive-date=2021-08-03|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Category:Articles with hCards]]

== Akụkọ ndụ ==
Ruffins gara ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị nke egwu na nka na New York City na Cooper Union. Mgbe ọ ka bụ nwa akwụkwọ na Cooper Union, ya, Seymour Chwast, Milton Glaser, na Edward Sorel, guzobere Design Plus, ụlọ ọrụ egwu na-adịteghi aka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://newdeaths.com/2021/07/13/reynold-ruffins-death-obituary-reynold-ruffins-cause-of-death/|title=Reynold Ruffins Death - Obituary, Reynold Ruffins Cause of Death|date=13 July 2021|accessdate=21 June 2022|archivedate=17 July 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210717140120/https://newdeaths.com/2021/07/13/reynold-ruffins-death-obituary-reynold-ruffins-cause-of-death/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, mmekọrịta ahụ gbanwere ma na 1954, ya na ndị gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Cooper bu Glaser, Sorel, na Chwast guzobere Push Pin Studios&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://jsantil8.blogspot.com/2014/04/reynold-ruffins-ruffling-some-feathers.html|title=History of Graphic Design Blog|author=jessilynneee|date=6 April 2014|publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://tmagazine.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/03/27/milton-glaser-by-the-numbers/?_r=0|title=Milton Glaser's Legacy|first=Jeff|author=Oloizia|publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://adcglobal.org/hall-of-fame/edward-sorel/|title=Edward Sorel|work=ADC • Global Awards &amp; Club|accessdate=2022-06-21|archivedate=2015-03-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150319005706/http://adcglobal.org/hall-of-fame/edward-sorel/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.pushpininc.com/|title=Pushpin Gallery|publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 1963, mgbe ọ hapụsịrị Push Pin, Ruffins guzobere ụlọ ọrụ imewe ọzọ na Simms Taback, mmekọrịta nke were ihe karịrị afọ iri atọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.simmstaback.com/About_Simms_Taback_-_Biography.html|title=About Simms Taback - Biography|publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ndị chọtara ya n'ihi ahịa ya gụnyere IBM, AT&amp;T, Coca-Cola, CBS, Pfizer, ''New York Times'', Time Life, Fortune, Gourmet ''Magazine'', na US Post Office.

Ruffins banyere n'ọrụ nke ihe osise akwụkwọ ụmụaka na 1969, na n'ime afọ 1970 na mmalite afọ 1980 ya na onye edemede Jane Sarnoff na-arụkọ ọrụ ugboro ugboro.&lt;ref name=&quot;Oxford&quot;&gt;Zipes, Jack. ''Oxford Encyclopedia of Children's Literature'' (Oxford University Press, 2006).&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 1991, Ruffins sonyeere Whoopi Goldberg na Herbie Hancock iji mepụta &quot;Koi na Kola Nuts,&quot; vidiyo a na-eto nke ọma maka ụmụaka nke bụ akụkụ nke usoro We All Have Tales nke Rabbit Ears Productions.

Ruffins nwụrụ n'udo n'ụlọ na Sunday July 11, 2021, ndị ezinụlọ gbara ya gburugburu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://sagharborexpress.com/artist-reynold-ruffins-of-sag-harbor-remembered-for-his-decades-of-work/|title=Artist Reynold Ruffins of Sag Harbor Remembered for His Decades of Work|date=14 July 2021|accessdate=21 June 2022|archivedate=5 October 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211005012909/https://sagharborexpress.com/artist-reynold-ruffins-of-sag-harbor-remembered-for-his-decades-of-work/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ biri na Sag Harbor, New York; nwunye ya Joan nwụrụ na 2013.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://sagharboronline.com/sagharborexpress/obituaries/joan-b-ruffins-23982|title=Archived copy|accessdate=2015-03-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402131524/http://sagharboronline.com/sagharborexpress/obituaries/joan-b-ruffins-23982|archivedate=2015-04-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ịkụzi Ihe ===
Prọfesọ emeritus na CUNY's Queens College, Ruffins akụzikwaara na School of Visual Arts, Parsons The New School for Design, ma bụrụkwa prọfesọ nleta na Mahadum Syracuse.

== Onyinye ==
Ruffins bụ onye natara onyinye Augustus St. Gaudens (nke Cooper Union gosipụtara) maka ihe ịga nke ọma nakwa maka ịbụ ọkachamara na nka. E nyekwara Ruffins Cooper Union Presidential Citation maka ọrụ ya na ọkwá ya dị elu n'ọrụ ya. Ọrụ Ruffins dugara na onyinye sitere na New York Art Directors Club na Silver Medal site na Society of Illustrators. Ruffins meriri Coretta Scott King Illustrator Honor Award na 1997 maka akwụkwọ Running the Road to ABC (nke Denize Lauture dere). Ihe osise ya maka onye edemede Haiti nwetara Maazị Ruffins nsọpụrụ mba ụwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/01/obituaries/reynold-ruffins-dead.html|title=Reynold Ruffins, Push Pin Studios Graphic Artist, Dies at 90|work=The New York Times|date=August 2021|author=Green|first=Penelope}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akwụkwọ ==
Dị ka onye na-ese ihe osise, ọ gwụla ma edepụtara ya:

* The Amazing Maze (E.P. Dutton, 1969) nke Harry Hartwick dere (nke ya na Simms Taback sere)
* Kamel: Ụgbọ mmiri nke Ọzara (HarperCollins, 1974) nke John Frederick Waters dere
* The Chess Book (Scribner, 1973) nke Jane Sarnoff dere
* The Monster Riddle Book (Scribner 1975) nke Jane Sarnoff dere
* The Code &amp; Cipher Book (MacMillan, 1975) nke Jane Sarnoff dere
* Space (Scribner, 1978) nke Jane Sarnoff dere
* ''Nwanne m nwoke anaghị enye'' Cat nri (Scribner, 1979)
* ''Misoso'': Once Upon a Time Tales from Africa (Knopf, 1994) nke Verna Aardema dere
* Running the Road to ABC (Simon &amp; Schuster, 1996) Denize Lauture dere
* Everywhere Faces Everywhere (Simon &amp; Schuster, 1997) nke James Berry dere
* ''E nwere otu agadi nwanyị riri trout''! (Henry Holt, 1998) nke Teri Sloat dere
* Onyinye nke Agụ iyi: Akụkọ Cinderella (Simon &amp; Schuster, 2000) nke Judy Sierra dere
* Marco's Run (Green Light Readers, 2001) nke Wesley Cartier dere
* ''Enyi'' maka Eze Amadou (Houghton Mifflin, 2006) nke Robert McKissack dere

== Ihe edeturu ==
{{Reflist}}

== Ebensidee ==

* Chwast, Seymour, The Push Pin Graphic (Chronicle Books, 2004)  
* Meggs, Phillip. A History of Graphic Design (NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1983)  
* Patton, Sharon F. African American Art (Oxford University Press, 1998)  
* 200 ''Afọ'' nke American Illustration (NY: Random House, 1977)  

== Njikọ mpụga ==
 

* Official website</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Moneoa Moshesh</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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[[Category:Articles with hCards]]
'''Moneoa Moshesh-Sowazi''' (amụrụ (1989-11-06) n'abalị isii nke ọnwa Nọvemba  afọ 1989), bụ onye na-agụ egwu na onye na-ede egwu na South Africa na onye na'eme ihe nkiri nke a maara dị ka '''Moneoa''' .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=9 August 2017|title=Moneoa Moshesh|url=https://afternoonexpress.co.za/guests/moneoa-moshesh/3230|accessdate=17 December 2021|work=[[Afternoon Express]]|archivedate=17 December 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211217071155/https://afternoonexpress.co.za/guests/moneoa-moshesh/3230}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bịara bụrụ onye a ma ama mgbe ọ wepụtara egwu ya, bụ ''Is'Bhanxa'' na Pretty Disaster, nke ikpeazụ ya na Da Capo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Njoki|first=Eunice|date=30 November 2020|title=Moneoa Moshesh bio: age, family, songs, acting, nominations, awards, profile.|work=briefly.co.za|url=https://briefly.co.za/88557-moneoa-moshesh-bio-age-family-songs-acting-nominations-awards-profile.html|accessdate=17 December 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

O meela ihe nkiri ghetto nke na-agbasa na  Johannesburg na gburugburu  Sophia Town na 1958 megide mmanye iwu akpọrọ 'Back of the Moon' ebe ọ gosipụtara ''&lt;nowiki/&gt;'Eve Msomi'&lt;nowiki/&gt;'' n'akụkụ ''&lt;nowiki/&gt;'S'Dumo Mtshali'''.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Back of the Moon on Showmax|url=https://www.showmax.com/eng/movie/rk272gsu-back-of-the-moon|accessdate=17 December 2021|work=[[Showmax]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Zietsman|first=Gabi|date=30 August 2019|title=Back of the Moon|work=[[News24 (website)|News24]]|url=https://www.news24.com/channel/movies/reviews/back-of-the-moon-20190829-2|accessdate=17 December 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Birjalal|first=Alyssia|date=13 September 2019|title='Back of the Moon' has Sophiatown rising in winning style|work=[[Independent Online (South Africa)|IOL]]|url=https://www.iol.co.za/amp/entertainment/back-of-the-moon-has-sophiatown-rising-in-winning-style-32811244|accessdate=17 December 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndepụta egwu ==

=== Ndepụta nke Studio Albums ===
. Coming from Going to (201)

.Ndịm Li (2014)

.Ndịm Li (Super Deluxe)

(White)(2014)

.Ziphi Inkomo(2018)

== Ihe nkiri ==

=== Telivishọn ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Afọ
!Aha ya
!Ọrụ
!Ihe edeturu
!Ref.
|-
| rowspan=&quot;10&quot; |Ihe Ndị Dị Mkpa
|#Karektasseason 1)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ya onwe ya
|Onye Nleta A Ma Ama
| rowspan=&quot;11&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Moneoa Moshesh-Sowazi, Television Roles|url=https://www.tvsa.co.za/actors/viewactor.aspx?actorid=16641|accessdate=17 December 2021|work=www.tvsa.co.za|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211217071152/https://www.tvsa.co.za/actors/viewactor.aspx?actorid=16641|archive-date=17 December 2021|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|10 n'elu 10 oge 2)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|Onye na-akọwa ihe
|-
|Esemokwu nke ndị ukwe South Africa(oge 2)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|Onye nduzi ukwe
|-
|Isi(Baja oge 3&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;)
|[[Actor|Onye na-eme ihe nkiri]]
|-
|Rhythm Cityseason 1)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|Jesse
|Onye na-akwado ya
|-
|Oge nke Bantu bụ: Oge&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; nke 1)
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ya onwe ya
|Onye Nleta Egwú
|-
|Oge 1&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; nke Remix(SA
|Onyeikpe Ndị Nleta
|-
|Oge&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Okporo ụzọ nke 1)
|Ntsiki / Dodo
|[[Actor|Ịbawanye]]
|-
|SAMAs
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ya onwe ya
|Onye na-eme ihe nkiri
|-
|Zaziwa(Season 4)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|Onye ọbịa
|-
|2013
|Zabalza(oge 2)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|Onye a ma ama
|-
|}

=== Ihe nkiri ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; 
!Afọ
!Aha ya
!Ọrụ
!Ihe edeturu
!Ref.
|-
|2019
|''N'azụ Ọnwa''
|Eve Msomi
|Onye bụ isi
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Back of the Moon release dates|work=thebomb.co.za|url=https://thebomb.co.za/back-of-the-moon/|accessdate=17 December 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Back of the Moon film details|url=https://www.moviesite.co.za/2019/0906/back-of-the-moon.html|accessdate=17 December 2021|work=www.moviesite.co.za}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
|-
|}

== Onyinye na nhọpụta ==

=== Ihe nrite Egwú Ụwa ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Afọ
!Ememe mmeri
!Ihe nrite
!Onye natara / Ọrụ a họpụtara
!Nsonaazụ
!Ref.
|-
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |2014
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |Ihe nrite Egwú Ụwa
|Abụ Kasị Mma n'Ụwa
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |''Karịa Gị''
|{{Nom}}
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |
|-
|Vidio Kasị Mma n'Ụwa
|{{Nom}} 
|-
|Ihe Omume Kasị Mma n'Ụwa
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ya onwe ya
|{{Nom}} 
|-
|Ihe nrite egwu ụwa maka onye na-eme ihe ntụrụndụ kachasị mma n'ụwa n'afọ
|{{Nom}} 
|-
|Nwanyị Na-eme Ihe nkiri Kasị Mma n'Ụwa
|{{Nom}} 
|-
|}

=== Onyinye Egwú South Africa ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Afọ
!Ememe mmeri
!Ihe nrite
!Onye natara / Ọrụ a họpụtara
!Nsonaazụ
!Ref.
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2015
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |SAMAs
|Nwanyị Na-ese Ihe nke Afọ
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |''Ndim Lo''
|{{Nom}}
|
|-
|Album R&amp;B/Soul/Reggae kacha mma
|{{Nom}} 
|
|-
|}

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==
* [https://twitter.com/Moneoa Moneoa] on Twitter 
* {{IMDb name|nm10524648}}

[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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    <title>Nadia Hamza</title>
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'''Nadia Hamza''' (amụrụ na 1939 na Port Said) bụ onye nduzi ihe nkiri Egypt, onye na-emepụta ihe na onye na-ede ihe nkiri.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Nadia Hamza: The First Woman Film Director in Egypt|url=http://www.alraidajournal.com/index.php/ALRJ/article/view/1368|journal=Al-Raida Journal|language=en|pages=13–14|issn=0259-9953|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125231910/http://alraidajournal.com/index.php/ALRJ/article/view/1368|archive-date=2021-01-25|access-date=2022-06-26|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tupu ọ malite ọrụ nduzi, Hamza rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye edemede, onye enyemaka na onye na-emepụta ihe.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Dictionary of African Filmmakers|url=https://archive.org/details/dictionaryafrica00arme|author=Armes|first=Roy|publisher=Indiana University Press|year=2008|location=Bloomington, USA|pages=[https://archive.org/details/dictionaryafrica00arme/page/n88 74]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ ghọrọ onye nduzi na onye edemede nke na-aga nke ọma nke a maara maka ime ihe nkiri na ndị inyom na-ekwu maka ọchịchọ na ahụmịhe ụmụ nwanyị. N'afọ 1994, o guzobere ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta nke ya, Seven Stars Studio ma malite iso ndị ọzọ na-eme ihe nkiri n'Ijipt rụkọọ ọrụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Nadia kwenyere na ndị nduzi nwanyị dị iche na ndị nwoke ibe ha n'ihe gbasara isiokwu nke ihe nkiri na otu ha si eji igwefoto. A maara ya maka igosi ụmụ nwanyị na ịma echiche ọha na eze banyere ụmụ nwanyị na-arụ ọrụ aka. A na-egosipụta àgwà nwanyị ya dị ka ndị mmeri ma lekwasị anya na nsogbu ụmụ nwanyị, ọkachasị ụmụ nwanyị na-arụ ọrụ.

== Oge ọ malitere ==
A mụrụ Nadia n'obodo Port Said, North nke Cairo na 1939. Hamza rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nta akụkọ na ngalaba nka nke akwụkwọ akụkọ 'Al Goumhouriah' mgbe ezinụlọ ya kwagara Cairo. O mechara chọta ọrụ na magazin Egypt nke a ma ama, 'Al Kawakeb' nke dugara ya na ndị na-ese ihe, ndị na-eme ihe nkiri, ndị na-emepụta ihe na ndị nduzi ihe nkiri. Ọ gara ọmụmụ ihe na edemede ihe nkiri na Cinema Institute wee bụrụ onye na-enyere onye nkuzi ya Niazi Mustafa aka onye bụkwa onye nduzi ihe nkiri.&lt;ref name=&quot;:22&quot; /&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
Ihe ngosi mbụ ya ọrụ nduzi izizi ya, Sea of Fantasy / Bahr al-awham (1984), bụ nke ndị nkatọ ihe nkiri North Africa na Middle East toro. Nadia malitere iduzi ma mepụta ihe ọhụrụ kwa afọ na Women/ Al-Nisa na 1985, Women Behind Bars/ Nisa Khalfa al-qoudban na 1986, A Womanī's Greed/Hiq Imraī'ah na 1987, The Woman and the Law/ Al-Marī'ah wa-I-qanoun na Women, Alas!/ ''Imraʹah li-I-asaf'' na 1988. Hamza nwetara ụgwọ ọrụ mbụ ya dị ka onye na-enyere Niazi Mustafa aka na 'Saghira Ala Al Hobb' (1966). Hamza mechara bụrụ onye a maara dị ka onye na-eme ihe nkiri ụmụ nwanyị nke a maara maka igosi ụmụ nwanyị dịka ha dị, karịa ihe oyiyi a ma ama na ihe ngosi ndị Ijipt.&lt;ref name=&quot;:32&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kGikCgAAQBAJ&amp;q=nadia+hamza+egyptian+director&amp;pg=PA13|title=Women Screenwriters: An International Guide|author=Nelmes|first=Jill|date=2015-09-29|publisher=Springer|isbn=9781137312372|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe nkiri ==
'''Onye na-emepụta'''

* ''The Peacock/Al Tawoos (1982)''

'''Onye nduzi'''

* ''Oké Osimiri nke Fantasy/ Bahr al-awham (1984)''
* ''Ụmụ nwanyị/ Al-Nisa (1985)''
* ''Women behind Bars/ Nisa Khalfa al-qoudban (1986)''
* ''A Woman's Greed/Hiq Imraʹah (1987)''
* ''Nwaanyị na Iwu / Al-Marʹah wa-I-qanoun (1988)''
* ''N'ụzọ dị mwute, nwanyị/ Imraʹah li-asaf (1988)''
* ''Ma'araket Alnaqeeb Nadia'' (1990)
* Nesaa Sa'aleek (1991)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.google.ca/search?sa=X&amp;q=Nesaa+Sa'aleek&amp;stick=H4sIAAAAAAAAAOPgE-LSz9U3KKswNMzIUYKyDXJzjbUkspOt9AtS8wtyUoFUUXF-nlVufllmajEAygsYnzQAAAA&amp;ved=0ahUKEwjtm-7JtM7ZAhVO-qwKHWJ6AGoQmxMIggEoATAT&amp;biw=1280&amp;bih=627|title=Nesaa Sa'aleek - Google Search|work=www.google.ca|language=en|accessdate=2018-03-02}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
* ''Emra'a Wa Emra' a'' (1995)
* ''Wehyat Alby Wa Afraho'' (2000)

'''Onye na-enyere onye nduzi aka'''

* ''&lt;nowiki/&gt;'Saghira Ala Al Hobb (1966)''

== Ebensidee ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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'''Najjar Abdul-Musawwir''' (amụrụ n'ubochí irí abụọ na isé n'ọnwa Ọktoba, 1958) bụ ónyé Africa-America na-ese ihe na prọfesọ nke ihe osise na akụkọ ihe méré eme. E gosipụtara ọrụ ya gburugburu ụwa, gụnyere na United States, Europe, Africa, na Eshia. Ọ na-akụzi na Southern Illinois University Carbondale's School of Art and Design.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://cola.siu.edu/artanddesign/faculty-staff/faculty-directory/studio/najjar-abdul-musawwir.php|publisher=Southern Indiana University|title=Najjar Abdul-Musawwir|accessdate=2020-07-24|archivedate=2020-07-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200724204948/https://cola.siu.edu/artanddesign/faculty-staff/faculty-directory/studio/najjar-abdul-musawwir.php}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ ==
Najjar Abdul-Musawwir tolitere na mpụga [[Chicago]], [[Ilinoi|Illinois]] na mpaghara Harvey.&lt;ref name=&quot;Green&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Green|first=Chanda|title=Seeing the possibilities: Najjar Abdul-Musawwir paints, teaches -- and hopes -- for generations to come|url=https://thesouthern.com/lifestyles/magazine/artists/seeing-the-possibilities-najjar-abdul-musawwir-paints-teaches----and-hopes--/article_7fdbc550-f17f-5cf4-af70-2ee6a61052c9.html|accessdate=2020-07-24|publisher=The Southern Illinoisan|date=2014-05-23}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ na-echeta na mbụ na-enwe mmasị na nka nka nkè nnà ya na nwá nwanne ya mèrè mgbè ọ dị ihe dị ka afọ asaa ma ọ bụ asatọ. Mana oge ọ hụrụ nka n'anya bụ na klas nke anọ, mgbè ọrụ nka ụlọ akwụkwọ nke gụnyere itinye oji n'elu agba ndị ọzọ na eserese pensụl, wee kpochapụ oji iji kpughee agba n'okpuru. O jiri ógè ahụ tụnyere &quot;ónyé ọkà mmụta sayensị na-achọpụta penicillin&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;BAA&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.blackartinamerica.com/index.php/2020/01/15/from-prison-to-professor-the-life-times-of-najjar-abdul-musawwir/|publisher=Black Art in America|title=From Prison to Professor - The Life and Times of Najjar Abdul-Musawwir|accessdate=2020-07-24|archivedate=2020-07-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200724222944/https://www.blackartinamerica.com/index.php/2020/01/15/from-prison-to-professor-the-life-times-of-najjar-abdul-musawwir/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị, a kpọgara Abdul-Musawwir n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị ọcha, Thornridge High School na Dolton, [[Ilinoi|Illinois]], ebe ọ nọrọ ógè ya na otu egwuregwu mmega ahụ, ebe ọ bụ ónyé nwetara ọla edo, na n'ọbá akwụkwọ, ebe ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ nka. Otú ọ dị, n'akụkụ abụọ a, ọ bụ onye ịkpa ókè agbụrụ lekwasịrị anya. A na-ebibi nka nke ya mgbe ụfọdụ, na-eme ka ndị nkụzi ya kwere na ọ naghị arụ ọrụ ụlọ ya. Ọ nwetakwara ịkpa ókè agbụrụ n'otu egwuregwu mmega ahụ, ebe ndị otu ya ga-eme nsị n'uwe ya. N'ikpeazụ, ọ kwụsịrị ụlọ akwụkwọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;BAA&quot;/&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
Ụdị nka bụ isi nke Abdul-Musawwir bụ eserese na eserese, ọ na-arụkwa ọrụ n'ụdị nka abstract, abstract expressionism, na realism. Ihe osise ya na-egosipụta njirimara ya dị ka ónyé Alakụba na ónyé Africa America yana mmasị ya na akụkọ ihe méré eme nke Islam, Africa, na Africa America. Otu n'ime ndị isi nwere mmetụta bụ ónyé nkụzi WSIU Robert Paulson. Abdul-Musawwir kwuru, sị, &quot;Ọ bụrụ na e nwere onye ọ bụla kụziiri m otú e si ese ihe, na ịhụ, na iji nwee ekele màkà agba, ọ bụ Bob Paulson&quot;. Ónyé nkụzi ọzọ nwere mmetụta bụ Larry Bernstein.

== Ihe ngosi ==
Abdul-Musawwir apụtala na gallery na ngosi na United States, Europe, Africa, na Eshia, gụnyere:

* Ihe ngosi onwé ónyé &quot;State of Triple-Consciousness&quot; na Clemens Fine Arts Center Gallery na West Kentucky Community and Technical College (2019)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=SIU Touch of Nature Environmental Center: ‘Black Migrations’ is the theme for SIU’s Black History Month commemoration|url=https://carbondalereporter.com/stories/511768766-siu-touch-of-nature-environmental-center-black-migrations-is-the-theme-for-siu-s-black-history-month-commemoration|publisher=Carbondale Reporter|date=2019-02-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Otu akụkụ na ihe ngosi &quot;Visions of Our 44th President,&quot; nke gara gburugburu US wee bụrụ akụkụ nke nchịkọta na-adịgide adịgide nke Charles H. Wright Museum of African American History (2012)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Visions of Our 44th President|url=https://www.44thpresident.us/|accessdate=2020-07-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ihe ngosi onwe onye na-ewepụta uche onye na-ese ihe: Ihe osise na ihe osise nke Najar na Surplus Gallery (2011)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Abdul-Musawwir to present gallery talk|url=https://thesouthern.com/entertainment/arts-and-theatre/abdul-musawwir-to-present-gallery-talk/article_75771b50-eadf-11e0-ac2d-001cc4c002e0.html|publisher=The Southern Illinoisan|date=2011-09-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726224110/https://thesouthern.com/entertainment/arts-and-theatre/abdul-musawwir-to-present-gallery-talk/article_75771b50-eadf-11e0-ac2d-001cc4c002e0.html|archive-date=2020-07-26|access-date=2022-06-26|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ihe ngosi onwé ónyé, &quot;Muhammad na-ekwu: Na-echekwa olu America,&quot; na ebe obibi na Tuanku Fauziah Museum and Gallery, Mahadum Sayensị, Malaysia (2011)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Son of the Diaspora Journeying Home|url=http://www.imancentral.org/updates/son-of-the-diaspora-journeying-home-2054/|accessdate=2020-07-26|archivedate=2024-12-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241224172122/http://www.imancentral.org/updates/son-of-the-diaspora-journeying-home-2054/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ihe ngosi onwe onye &quot;From Chains to Change,&quot; na Carbondale Civic Center Corridor Gallery na nkwado nke African American Museum of Southern Illinois (2009)&lt;ref name=&quot;CCA&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=CCA weaves a cultural tapestry throughout the region|url=https://thesouthern.com/entertainment/arts-and-theater/cca-weaves-a-cultural-tapestry-throughout-the-region/article_70c6cae5-e4fb-5f13-822d-bda94da1a200.html|publisher=The Southern Illinoisan|date=2009-08-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220626053125/https://thesouthern.com/entertainment/arts-and-theater/cca-weaves-a-cultural-tapestry-throughout-the-region/article_70c6cae5-e4fb-5f13-822d-bda94da1a200.html|archive-date=2022-06-26|access-date=2022-06-26|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ihe ngosi onwe onye na Mahadum Bilkent na Ankara, [[Turkéy|Turkey]] (2008)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Abdul-Musawwir takes art, experiences to Turkey|url=https://news.siu.edu/2008/03/031108amh8052.php|publisher=Southern Illinois University|date=2008-03-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ onwe onye ==
O nwèrè ụmụ nwanyị anọ ma lụọ Khaleelah.&lt;ref name=&quot;BAA&quot;/&gt;

== Ihe odide ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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[[File:Okpa served.jpg|thumb|Okpa served]]
[[Usòrò:Okpa_nsukka.jpg|thumb|Okpa nsukka]]
'''Okpa''' {{Audio|LL-Q33578 (ibo)-King ChristLike-Okpa.wav|Audio}} (nke a na-akpọ Ọkpa) bụ nri dị ụtọ nke ndị [[Ndị Ìgbò|Igbo]] na-akwadebe na ụdị agwa pụrụ iche a maara dị ka mkpụrụ osisi Bambara.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-09-07|title=Nigerian Okpa –How to make Okpa Food|url=https://besthomediet.com/how-to-make-okpa-food-beans-bambara-nuts/|accessdate=2022-05-21|work=besthomediet|language=en-US|archivedate=2022-06-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220628162642/https://besthomediet.com/how-to-make-okpa-food-beans-bambara-nuts/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Chinedu|first=Saint|date=2022-01-06|title=Reasons Why Your Diet Needs Bambara Nut Pudding (Okpa)|url=https://siwesbeginner.com/bambara-nut-pudding-okpa/|accessdate=2022-05-21|language=en-US|archivedate=2022-05-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220524161916/https://siwesbeginner.com/bambara-nut-pudding-okpa/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Lete|first=Nky Lily|date=2013-07-12|title=Okpa : How to make Okpa|url=https://www.nigerianfoodtv.com/okpa-how-to-make-okpa/|accessdate=2022-05-21|work=Nigerian Food TV|language=en-us}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị na steeti Enugu ma kewaa ya dị ka nri ọdịnala Naịjirịa n'ihi ọdịdị ya pụrụ iche. Ọ bụghị naanị ndị Igbo, agbụrụ ndị ọzọ na-ewere ya na Akamu ma ọ bụ rie ya naanị ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nigerian Okpa, Okpa di Oku, Okpa Wawa|url=https://www.allnigerianrecipes.com/beans/okpa/|accessdate=2022-05-21|work=All Nigerian Recipes|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=admin|title=Nigerian Cuisine: Okpa; How to make Okpa|url=https://www.chubmagazine.com/2018/01/11/nigerian-cuisine-okpa-how-to-make-okpa/|accessdate=2022-05-21|work=C.Hubmagazine|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Aha Igbo ndị ọzọ maka Okpa gụnyere; ịgba na Ntucha. A maara ya dị ka Gurjiya ma ọ bụ kwaruru n'asụsụ Hausa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2016-07-05|title=OKPA|url=https://www.thepretendchef.com/okpa/|accessdate=2022-06-09|work=The Pretend Chef|language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ihe ndị bụ isi mejupụtara ya gụnyere; ntụ ọka nut Bambara, mmanụ nkwụ, crayfish, [[Ńnú|nnu]] na ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=OrientDailyNews|date=2017-08-25|title=Okpa|url=https://orientdailynews.com/news/okpa/|accessdate=2022-05-21|work=Orient Daily News|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2015-05-25|title=Moi Moi (Moin Moin)|url=https://www.myactivekitchen.com/moi-moi-moin-moin/|accessdate=2022-05-21|work=My Active Kitchen|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ihe gbasara nri, okpa nwere ihe dịka 16.92% crude protein, 4.93% abụba, 26.62% carbohydrate na 216.28kcal ike uru, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ otu n'ime ihe ndị kachasị mma.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Adumanya, Obi-Adumanya, and Nwachukwu|date=2012|title=The proximate analysis and sensory evaluation of &quot;Okpa&quot; prepared with fluted pumpkin and scent leaves|url=http://repository.ruforum.org/system/tdf/Adumanya%2C%20O.C.U.%20et%20al.1_0.pdf?file=1&amp;type=node&amp;id=33065&amp;force=|journal=Canadian Journal on Scientific and Industrial Research|volume=3|issue=4|pages=175–178}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Nwadi|first=Oluchukwu M.M.|date=March 2020|title=Enrichment of food blends with bambara groundnut flour: Past, present, and future trends|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/leg3.25|journal=Legume Science|language=en|volume=2|issue=1|doi=10.1002/leg3.25|issn=2639-6181}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ndị a bụ ụzọ isi kwadebe Okpa:

* A na-asa na nnu ahịhịa unere / plantain e ji kpuchie Okpa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2018-10-14|title=How To Make Okpa|url=https://guardian.ng/life/how-to-make-nigerian-okpa/|accessdate=2022-05-29|work=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US|archivedate=2022-05-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220521073453/https://guardian.ng/life/how-to-make-nigerian-okpa/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Kwadebe ngwakọta nke ntụ ọka Okpa, crayfish, nnu na ihe na-atọ ụtọ n'ime nnukwu efere, tinye [[Nmanu nri|mmanụ nkwụ]] dị mma, gwakọta ya na spatula na ebu ruo mgbe ị nwetara agba odo na-acha ọbara ọbara.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=|title=How To Make Okpa|url=http://www.nircle.com/cdr/post/7294-how-to-make-okpa|accessdate=2022-05-21|work=|language=english|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250425121324/https://nircle.com/cdr/post/7294-how-to-make-okpa|archive-date=2025-04-25|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2018-10-14|title=How To Make Okpa|url=https://guardian.ng/life/how-to-make-nigerian-okpa/|accessdate=2022-05-21|work=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US|archivedate=2022-05-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220521071543/https://guardian.ng/life/how-to-make-nigerian-okpa/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Tinye mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ n'ime ngwakọta ahụ yana ose a gwakọtara agwakọta, wee jiri spatula osisi mee ka ọ dị larịị ruo mgbe ọ dị nro.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=30 easy and tasty okpa recipes by home cooks|url=https://cookpad.com/ng/search/okpa|accessdate=2022-05-21|work=Cookpad|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Foods|first=Safe Journey|title=How to cook Okpa Di Oku/Okpa WaWa, Using Bambara Nut (Okpa) Flour|url=https://www.safejourneyfoods.com.au/blogs/recipes/how-to-cook-okpa-di-oku-okpa-wawa-using-bambara-nut-okpa-flour|accessdate=2022-05-21|work=Safe Journey Foods|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Fụchie ngwakọta ahụ n'ime akwụkwọ ma ọ bụ obere akpa polythene.
* Mgbe ị gbasịrị mmiri n'ime ite, tinye Okpa a na-ekpuchi ekpuchi ma kwe ka ọ na-esi ísì ụtọ ruo ma ọ dịkarịa ala otu awa. Okpa ga-esi ike mgbe esichara ya.
* Jiri nri na-ekpo ọkụ na custard, oatmeal, ma ọ bụ pap.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=NAIJACHEF|date=2018-11-17|title=How to Prepare Okpa|url=https://nigerianrecipes.net/how-to-prepare-okpa/|accessdate=2022-05-21|work=All Nigerian Food Recipes|language=en-US|archivedate=2022-05-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523055849/https://nigerianrecipes.net/how-to-prepare-okpa/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2016-11-21|title=Okpa - African Food Network|url=https://afrifoodnetwork.com/recipes/okpa/|accessdate=2022-05-21|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ebenside ==

[[Òtù:Igbo cuisine]]

== Preparations ==

A na-akwadebe okpa site n'ịsa unere ma ọ bụ akwụkwọ plantain iji kpuchie ya. A na-emekwa ya site na ịgwakọta ntụ ọka okpa, crayfish, [[nnu]], na ihe oriri na nnukwu efere. A na-agbakwunye mmanụ nkwụ, a na-ejikwa spatula mee ihe iji nweta ụcha na-acha ọbara ọbara.

== Ihe osise ==

&lt;gallery class=&quot;center&quot; widths=&quot;350px&quot; heights=&quot;250px&quot;&gt;
Faịlụ:Okpa_for_sale.jpg
Faịlụ:Adeolu_segun_26_okpa_seller.jpg
Faịlụ:Bambara_Beans.jpg
Faịlụ:Vigna_subterranea_(4350578751).jpg|alt=Bambara groundnuts used in preparing Okpa
&lt;/gallery&gt;</text>
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[[Usòrò:Korea 2004-01-04 NASA MODIS Aqua 250m.jpg|thumb|Korea]]
Korea bụ mpaghara ala dị n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ Eshia.  Kemgbe 1945, e kewara ya n'etiti mba abụọ, na ma ọ bụ n'akụkụ nke iri atọ na asatọ, North Korea ( Democratic People's Republic of Korea) na South Korea ( Republic of Korea).  Korea nwere Peninsula Korea, Jeju Island, na ọtụtụ obere agwaetiti dị nso na peninsula.  Ókèala ala ahụ bụ China n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ yana Russia n'akụkụ ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ.  Ọ bụ Korea Strait na Oké Osimiri Japan (Osimiri ọwụwa anyanwụ) kewapụrụ ya na Japan n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ.￼</text>
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[[Usòrò:Korea 2004-01-04 NASA MODIS Aqua 250m.jpg|thumb|Korea]]
Korea bụ mpaghara ala dị n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ Eshia.  Kemgbe 1945, e kewara ya n'etiti mba abụọ, na ma ọ bụ n'akụkụ nke iri atọ na asatọ, North Korea ( Democratic People's Republic of Korea) na South Korea ( Republic of Korea).  Korea nwere Peninsula Korea, Jeju Island, na ọtụtụ obere agwaetiti dị nso na peninsula.  Ókèala ala ahụ bụ China n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ yana Russia n'akụkụ ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ.  Ọ bụ Korea Strait na Oké Osimiri Japan (Osimiri ọwụwa anyanwụ) kewapụrụ ya na Japan n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ.￼

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[[Usòrò:Korea 2004-01-04 NASA MODIS Aqua 250m.jpg|thumb|Korea]]
'''Korea''' bụ mpaghara ala dị n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ Eshia.  Kemgbe 1945, e kewara ya n'etiti mba abụọ, na ma ọ bụ n'akụkụ nke iri atọ na asatọ, North Korea ( Democratic People's Republic of Korea) na South Korea ( Republic of Korea).  Korea nwere Peninsula Korea, Jeju Island, na ọtụtụ obere agwaetiti dị nso na peninsula.  Ókèala ala ahụ bụ China n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ yana Russia n'akụkụ ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ.  Ọ bụ Korea Strait na Oké Osimiri Japan (Osimiri ọwụwa anyanwụ) kewapụrụ ya na Japan n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ.￼

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[[Usòrò:Korea 2004-01-04 NASA MODIS Aqua 250m.jpg|thumb|Korea]]
'''Korea''' bụ mpaghara ala dị n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ Eshia.  Kemgbe 1945, e kewara ya n'etiti mba abụọ, na ma ọ bụ n'akụkụ nke iri atọ na asatọ, [[North Korea]] ( Democratic People's Republic of Korea) na [[South Korea]] ( Republic of Korea).  Korea nwere Peninsula Korea, Jeju Island, na ọtụtụ obere agwaetiti dị nso na peninsula.  Ókèala ala ahụ bụ China n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ yana Russia n'akụkụ ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ.  Ọ bụ Korea Strait na Oké Osimiri Japan (Osimiri ọwụwa anyanwụ) kewapụrụ ya na Japan n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ.￼

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'''Natália Pedro da Costa Umbelina Neto''' (3 Nọvemba 1951) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị si [[São Tomé and Príncipe|São Tomé na Príncipe]], onye jere ozi dị ka minista mba ọzọ n'etiti afọ 2012 ruo afọ 2014.

N'etiti afọ 1990 ruo afọ 1999, Umbelina Neto bụ odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke UNESCO National Commission na São Tomé na Príncipe. 

N'afọ 2007, ọ nwetara Ph.D. na akụkọ ihe mere eme na Mahadum&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Natália Pedro da Costa Umbelina Neto|url=http://www.degois.pt/visualizador/curriculum.jsp?key=4549831550097569|work=Portal DeGóis - Plataforma Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia|accessdate=4 January 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Aix-Marseille na ọmụmụ nke mmekọrịta ọha na eze na akụ na ụba nke São Tomé na Príncipe n'etiti afọ 1853 ruo afọ 1903.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Les îles São Tomé et Príncipe (1853-1903) : de l'abolition de l'esclavage à la généralisation des travailleurs sous contrat , les Serviçaes / Natália Pedro da Costa Umbelina Neto ; sous la direction de Colette Dubois - Sudoc|url=http://www.sudoc.fr/124520006|work=www.sudoc.fr|accessdate=4 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220910134322/https://www.sudoc.fr/124520006|archive-date=10 September 2022|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ebenside ==

[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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    <title>Princess Kara</title>
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'''Princess Kara''' (amụrụ n'afọ 2000) bụ onye Naijirịa na-atụba discus. O meriri ma National Championships na African Under 20 Championships na 2019. Ihe kacha mma ya bụ 50.07 (  3+1⁄4 in).

== Ọrụ ==
Kara sonyere na 2016 National Youth Games ma sọọ mpi na triple jump na shot put.

Kara ritere ọla edo na ịgba ọsọ na 2018 National Sports Festival (NSF) na [[Abuja]].&lt;ref name=&quot;NNN&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Modupe|first=Oremule|title=I’m aiming for World Championship standards in discus – Kara|url=https://nnn.com.ng/im-aiming-for-world-championship-standards-in-discus-kara/|accessdate=10 May 2020|work=NNN NEWS NIGERIA|date=26 June 2019|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2019, ọ meriri ma asọmpi mba n'okpuru afọ 20 na asọmpi African Under 20, malite ịma [[Chinwe Okoro]] na [[Chioma Onyekwere]] aka maka ọnọdụ mbụ na Naijirịa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Breakout&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Maduewesi|first=Christopher|title=Nigeria's 10 Breakout Athletes in 2018 (Part 1)|url=https://www.makingofchamps.com/2018/12/29/nigerias-10-breakout-athletes-in-2018-part-1/|work=MAKING OF CHAMPIONS|accessdate=10 May 2020|date=29 December 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na Under 20 African Championships (nke e mere  Abidjan), o dekọrọ ihe kachasị mma nke 50.04 m (164  in), nke meriri akara kachasị elu ya n'oge gara aga karịa mita ise.&lt;ref name=&quot;SNS&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Ayodeji|first=Ayodeji|title=Princess Kara clocks PB to claim Discus Gold as Team Nigeria win five medals on Day 3 of CAA U18 &amp; U20 Champs|url=https://saveoursports.ng/princess-kara-clocks-pb-to-claim-discus-gold-as-team-nigeria-win-five-medals-on-day-3-of-caa-u18-u20-champs/|work=Save Nigeria Sport|accessdate=10 May 2020|date=19 April 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe ahụ, o setịpụrụ ihe kachasị mma nke onwe ya nke 50.07 (  3+1⁄4 in) na ule iru eru maka 2019 All Africa Games, mechara bụrụ onye nke ise n'egwuregwu ahụ  ịtụba 49.85 (  6+1⁄2 in). O nwetakwara mmeri na 2019 National Championships.&lt;ref name=&quot;WA&quot;&gt;{{World Athletics}}&lt;/ref&gt;

O sonyere na Central Arizona College, ebe ọ meriri NJCAA Division I Outdoor discus titles n'usoro na 2021 na 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.pinalcentral.com/casa_grande_dispatch/local_sports/discus-princess-cacs-kara-wins-national-title/article_562e77ff-4164-54e9-9c94-1f147df30cf3.html|title=Discus Princess: CAC's Kara wins national title|work=[[Casa Grande Dispatch]]|first=Ed|author=Petruska|date=14 May 2021|accessdate=16 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220616231022/https://www.pinalcentral.com/casa_grande_dispatch/local_sports/discus-princess-cacs-kara-wins-national-title/article_562e77ff-4164-54e9-9c94-1f147df30cf3.html|archive-date=16 June 2022|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.pinalcentral.com/casa_grande_dispatch/local_sports/kara-has-record-breaking-showing-at-nationals-for-cac/article_9fc809a2-9197-5c25-941d-f72fd55a949d.html|title=Kara has record breaking showing at nationals for CAC|work=[[Casa Grande Dispatch]]|first=Ed|author=Petruska|date=23 May 2022|accessdate=16 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220625092928/https://www.pinalcentral.com/casa_grande_dispatch/local_sports/kara-has-record-breaking-showing-at-nationals-for-cac/article_9fc809a2-9197-5c25-941d-f72fd55a949d.html|archive-date=25 June 2022|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe odide ==
{{Reflist}}{{Authority control}}
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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    <title>Ndepụta ụkọ mmiri ozuzo nke Keetchī Biram</title>
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      <text bytes="3357" sha1="846spc0swtbetg2e4lbu7xk53nafjyi" xml:space="preserve">Nkọwa ụkọ mmiri ozuzo nke KeetchīByram (nke '''a maara dị ka KBDI'''), nke John Keetch na George Byram mepụtara n'afọ 1968 màkà Ngalaba Ọrụ Ugbo nke United States, bụ ihe atụ nke ọnọdụ ụkọ mmiri. A na-ejikarị ya eme ihe màkà ebumnuche nke ịkọ ọdịnihu na ịdị njọ nkè ọkụ ọhịa. A na-agbakọ ya dabere na mmiri ozuzo, okpomọkụ ikuku, na ihe ndị ọzọ na-emetụta ihu igwe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|url=http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/viewpub.jsp?index=40|title=A Drought Index for Forest Fire Control|author=Keetch, John J.|journal=Res. Pap. Se-38. Asheville, Nc: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southeastern Forest Experiment Station. 35 P|year=1968|volume=038|accessdate=August 11, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050108204548/http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/viewpub.jsp?index=40|archive-date=January 8, 2005|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

KBDI bụ atụmatụ nke ụkọ mmiri nke ala, nke bụ mmiri dị mkpà iji mee ka mmiri nke ala ruo ikike ya zuru oke. Nnukwu ụkọ mmiri dị n'ala pụtara na e nwèrè obere mmiri màkà evaporation ma ọ bụ ọsụsọ osisi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Finkele|first=Klara|title=National gridded drought factors and comparison of two soil moisture deficit formulations used in prediction of Forest Fire Danger Index in Australia|journal=Australian Meteorological Magazine|date=September 2006|volume=55|issue=3|pages=183–197}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nkè a na-eme n'ọnọdụ nke oke ọkọchị, ma nwee mmetụta dị ukwuu na omume ọkụ.

Na United States, a na-egosipụta ya dị ka ihe dị iche site na efu ruo narị asatọ, na-ezo aka na otu narị nke sentimita nke ụkọ mmiri; na mba ndị na-eji usoro metric, a na'egosipụta ya site na 0 gaa na narị abụọ, na-ezo áhà milimita.&lt;ref name=&quot;behaviour&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Weather and Bushfire Behaviour|url=https://www.rfs.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0020/23537/Bush-Fire-Bulletin-LIFTOUT-WeatherandBushFireBehaviour.pdf|publisher=NSW Rural Fire Service|accessdate=20 March 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Ọnụ ọgụgụ ndepụta (otu narị sentimita)
!Ọnụ ọgụgụ ndepụta (millimeters)
!Mmetụta ya&lt;ref name=&quot;behaviour&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.wfas.net/index.php/keetch-byram-index-moisture--drought-49|title=Keetch-Byram Drought Index|accessdate=2023-04-28|archivedate=2023-04-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230428180235/https://www.wfas.net/index.php/keetch-byram-index-moisture--drought-49}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|0200
|50 na-adị
|Ala dị mmiri. 0 na-anọchite anya ala jupụtara kpamkpam.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://twc.tamu.edu/docs/TFS_KBDI_Update.pdf|accessdate=20 April 2022|title=Real-time Drought Assessment System of Texas A&amp;M Forest Service}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|200 na 400
|50 na 100
|Akụkụ akwụkwọ na-amalite ịcha.
|-
|400600
|100 na 150
|Ihe mkpofu dị ala na-enye aka n'ike ọkụ ma na-ere ọkụ nke ọma.
|-
|600 800
|150 na 200
|A na-ejikọta ya na oke ọkọchị na oke ọkụ.
|}

== Hụkwa ==

* Usoro Ntụziaka Ihe Iche Ọkụ Mba
* Nkọwa nke ụkọ mmiri ozuzo Palmer
* McArthur Forest Fire Danger Index
* 1988 revision nke akwụkwọ ahụ, &quot;A drought index for forest fire control. &lt;nowiki&gt;http://www.srs.fs.fed.us/pubs/rp/rp_se273.pdf&lt;/nowiki&gt;

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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[[Usòrò:Forests Monitor official logo.svg|thumb|forests monitor official logo.svg]]
[[Usòrò:Youth Forest Monitoring Program (9271741894).jpg|thumb|Youth forest monitoring program (9271741894).jpg]]
Forests Monitor bụ òtù na-abụghị nke gọọmentị nke e guzobere na Cambridge, England, n'afọ 1993, iji kwado ndị na-adabere n'oké ọhịa ma mee ka ọha na eze mara banyere mmetụta ọjọọ nke mmebi ọhịa ụlọ ọrụ nwere na ndị bi n'oké osimiri ndị a na gburugburu ebe obibi na-akwado ha, gụnyere ọtụtụ osisi na anụmanụ. Ebumnobi ha bụ inye ndị NGO na otu ụmụ amaala nwere mmasị nyocha nyocha gbasara ụlọ ọrụ ọhịa na ihe ha na-eme, wee kwado ma nyekwa ndị omume ọjọọ aka.  Forests Monitor bụ ụlọ ọrụ anaghị akwụ ụgwọ, na-abụghị nke gọọmentị.

Forests Monitor na-enyekwa aka na nhazi amụma oke ọhịa nke mba ụwa na nke mba site na usoro zuru ụwa ọnụ dịka UNFF na usoro mmanye iwu na ọchịchị mpaghara (FLEG) dị ka African FLEG na ENA FLEG.  Akuko nkwenye maka ịda ogbenye echekwabara 2007-07-31 na igwe Wayback mebere n'etiti Forests Monitor na The Rainforest Foundation na-ekwu okwu ndị a.

== Ihe omume ==
Forests Monitor bụ òtù na-eduga na ọrụ ugbu a nke nlekota oru oke ọhịa na Republic of Congo, na-arụ ọrụ na mmekorita ya na REM (Resource Extraction Monitoring).

Forests Monitor tinyere [https://web.archive.org/web/20181229110032/http://www.ucl.ac.uk/excites/ UCL ExCiteS] mepụtara beta version nke ngwa mkpanaka dị ka akụkụ nke ọrụ ha na Republic of Congo, nke na-enyere obodo ndị dị n'ógbè ahụ aka nyochaa ọrụ ọhịa gburugburu obodo ha.  Ọ bụ ezie na ngwa ewepụtara na webụsaịtị ụlọ ọrụ ahụ bụ naanị ụdị beta, ikike ahụ bụ Apache 2 mepere emepe, ebumnuche ya bụ ịgba ndị otu ndị ọzọ ume ka ha jiri usoro a nyere ndị mmadụ aka ichekwa gburugburu mpaghara ha.

Forests Monitor kwadoro nguzobe nke ntụkwasị obi ọrụ ebere, Forests Monitor Charitable Trust. Forests Monitor Charitable Trust kwụsịrị ọrụ n'afọ 2011. Forests Monitor Ltd (òtù na-enweghị uru) na-aga n'ihu na ọrụ ya.

Forests Monitor arụla ọtụtụ ọrụ n'ụwa niile iji nyocha na ịkwalite mmata maka ụlọ ọrụ ọhịa.  Mpaghara ekpuchiri gụnyere:

* [[Democratic Republic of the Congo|Democratic Republic of Congo]]
* [[Republic of the Congo|Republic of Congo]]
* [[Kameroon|Cameroon]]
* Papua New Guinea
* [[Malaysia]]
* Solomon Islands
* Siberia
* [[Liberia]]

== Hụkwa ==

* Ịkụ osisi n'ụzọ iwu na-akwadoghị
* Ntọala Oké Ọhịa Mmiri
* Nnyocha Nchịkọta Ihe Ndị Dị Ndụ

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [http://www.forestsmonitor.org Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Forest Monitor]
* Forests Monitor mbipụta E debere  Wayback Machine
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20230814034433/https://rem.org.uk/ Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Nnyocha Nchịkọta Ihe onwunwe]
* [http://www.rainforestfoundationuk.org Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Rainforest Foundation]</text>
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    <title>Njem na Naịjirịa</title>
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[[Usòrò:Templo_Osun3.jpg|thumb|Temple nke chi nwanyị Yoruba Oshun dị na Osun-Osogbo, ihe na-adọrọ mmasị ndị pilgrim na ndị njem nlegharị anya.￼]]
[[Usòrò:Yankari_Elephants.jpg|thumb|African Bush elephants na Yankari National Park, Bauchi State]]
 
.&lt;ref name=&quot;suntra&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|first=Maurice|author=Archibong|title=Nigeria: Gold mine waiting to be tapped|url=http://www.sunnewsonline.com/webpages/features/travels/2004/mar/18/travels-mar18-01.htm|work=The Sun Online|publisher=The Sun Publishing Ltd.|accessdate=21 June 2007|date=18 March 2004}}&lt;/ref&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nigeria Tourism Statistics 1995-2022|url=https://www.macrotrends.net/countries/NGA/nigeria/tourism-statistics|accessdate=31 January 2022|work=www.macrotrends.net|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220131200641/https://www.macrotrends.net/countries/NGA/nigeria/tourism-statistics|archive-date=31 January 2022|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;Njem nlegharị anya na Naijiria gbadoro ụkwụ na mmemme, n'ihi oke agbụrụ dị na mba ahụ, ma gụnyekwara oke ọhịa mmiri ozuzo, savannah, mmiri mmiri na ihe ndị ọzọ na-adọrọ mmasị.[1]  Ndị njem nlegharị anya ji ijeri US$2.6 na Naịjirịa n'afọ 2015. Nke a gbadara ruo ijeri US$1.5 na 2017,[2] eleghị anya n'ihi mmụba nke ọgụ Boko Haram nke afọ 2015.

== Ihe Ndị Na-adọrọ Adọrọ ==
Abuja bụ ebe ọtụtụ ogige ntụrụndụ na ebe akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ nwere nke kacha ibu bụ Millennium Park.  Ọ bụ onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ Manfredi Nicoletti mere Millennium Park ma United Kingdom's Elizabeth II meghere ya na Disemba 2003.Ogige ntụrụndụ ọzọ dị na Lifecamp Gwarimpa; nso ebe obibi nke Minista nke Federal Capital Territory. Ogige ntụrụndụ ahụ dị n'elu ugwu dịtụ elu nke nwere ụlọ egwuregwu dị ka ụlọ ikpe Basketball na Badminton ogige ntụrụngwa ọzọ bụ ogige ntorobịa obodo, ọ dị na wuse 2 ma bụrụ ebe obibi nke ọtụtụ ihe na-adọrọ mmasị n'èzí na n'ime ụlọ dị ka sinima 4D, astro-turf, ogige tennis, ámá egwuregwu paintball na ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ dị iche iche.

Lagos nwere ọtụtụ họtel site na kpakpando atọ ruo kpakpando ise, yana ngwakọta nke họtel ndị dị n'ógbè dị ka Eko Hotels na Suites, Federal Palace Hotel na franchises nke ọtụtụ mba dị ka Intercontinental Hotel, Sheraton na Four Points by Hilton. Ebe ndị ọzọ na-adọrọ mmasị gụnyere Tafawa Balewa Square, [[Festac Town|obodo Festac]], Nike Art Gallery, Freedom Park, Lagos na Cathedral Church of Christ, Lagos.

Kemgbe afọ 2005, ụgbọ ala na-arịgo mita 870 (2,850 ) site na ala ruo n'elu ala dị larịị na-enye ndị nleta ọhụụ mara mma mgbe ha na-agafe okporo ụzọ na-agbagharị agbagharị ruo n'ihu.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mEstuFytabk Building the Obudu Mountain cable car] - YouTube&lt;/ref&gt; A na-ahụ ebe ezumike ahụ na Obudu Plateau, nso n'ókè [[Kameroon|Cameroon]] n'akụkụ ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Cross River State, ihe dịka kilomita 110 (68 mi) n'ebe ọwụwa Anyanwụ  obodo [[Ogoja]] na kilomita 65 (40 mi) site n'obodo [[Obudu]] na Obanliku Local Government Area  Cross River Steeti.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.inecnigeria.org/newsview.php?news=15&amp;newsid=330|title=Archived copy|accessdate=16 September 2010|archiveurl=https://swap.stanford.edu/20110114223819/http%3A//www.inecnigeria.org/newsview.php?news%3D15%26newsid%3D330|archivedate=14 January 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Ọ dị ihe dị ka minit 30 site n'obodo Obudu ma dị ihe dị na kilomita 332 (206 mi) site na Calabar, isi obodo Cross River State.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://obuducattleranch.info/booking-a-holiday/|title=Obudu Cattle Ranch .Info ''An independent review of the Obudu Cattle Ranch''|accessdate=2023-06-11|archivedate=2022-10-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221012192543/http://obuducattleranch.info/booking-a-holiday/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọrụ ụgbọ elu dị na [[Bebi Airstrip|ọdụ]] ụgbọ elu Bebi nke dị n'etiti obodo Obudu na ebe ezumike. N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, ụlọ ahụ ahụla ọtụtụ ndị njem nleta Naijiria na mba ụwa n'ihi mmepe nke ụlọ ọrụ ndị njem nlegharị anya site na Gọọmentị Cross-River State, nke gbanwere ụlọ ahụ ka ọ bụrụ ebe ezumike a ma ama na ebe ezumike ndị njem nlele na Naijiria.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://obuducattleranch.info/obudu-ranch-places|title=Sights at Obudu|accessdate=2023-06-11|archivedate=2022-10-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221012192543/http://obuducattleranch.info/obudu-ranch-places}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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[[Usòrò:Fitbit_Alta_HR_landscape.jpg|thumb|250x250px|Fitbit Alta HR, ngwaọrụ a na-eyi nke nwere ike ilekọta ụra mmadụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Song|first=Victoria|date=March 27, 2017|title=Fitbit Alta HR Review|work=[[PC Magazine]]|url=https://www.pcmag.com/reviews/fitbit-alta-hr|accessdate=December 27, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]
'''Nnyocha ura bu uzo esi enyichasi ura mmadu, nke kachasi ntule njem na ihe omume. Ngwa na enyocha ura mmadu ka ana akpo Enyo ura. Ngwa ga enyocha ura mmadu gunyere nnyechaonwe enyo ura, Enyo nke etinyere na akwa ndina,ekwe nti,ogu oge nke ana agba na aka na ihe ndi ozo ana eyi na ahu.'''.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=O'Boyle|first=Britta|date=August 17, 2020|title=What is sleep tracking, how does it work and what devices offer it?|work=Pocket-lint|url=https://www.pocket-lint.com/fitness-trackers/news/153363-what-is-sleep-tracking-how-does-it-work-and-what-devices-offer-it|accessdate=December 27, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Kenney|first=Briley|date=January 27, 2015|title=What Is a Sleep Tracker and Why Would You Need One?|work=Smartwatches.org|url=https://smartwatches.org/learn/sleep-trackers-need-one/|accessdate=December 27, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Do Sleep Trackers Really Work?|url=https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/wellness-and-prevention/do-sleep-trackers-really-work|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190424162235/https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/wellness-and-prevention/do-sleep-trackers-really-work|archivedate=April 24, 2019|accessdate=December 27, 2020|work=[[Johns Hopkins Medicine]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Millard|first=Elizabeth|date=January 19, 2018|title=Is There Really Any Benefit to Tracking Your Sleep?|url=https://www.menshealth.com/health/a19546727/sleep-tracker-benefits/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180920060549/https://www.menshealth.com/health/a19546727/sleep-tracker-benefits/|archivedate=September 20, 2018|accessdate=December 27, 2020|work=[[Men's Health (British magazine)|Men’s Health]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;'''er'''.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

Ụfọdụ ndị na-achọpụta ụra nwere ike ịchọpụta ọkwa nke ụra mmadụ (ụra dị mfe, ụra miri emi, ụra REM), ogologo / oge ụra mmadụ, ogo ụra mmadụ, na ịdị n'otu nke ụra mmadụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt; Ụfọdụ ndị na-achọpụta ụra na-enye ihe ndị ọzọ, dị ka &quot;ụra ụra&quot; nke na-egosi etu mmadụ si hie ụra nke ọma, &quot;ihe mgbaàmà amamihe&quot; nke na'akpọte mmadụ n'ime oge a kapịrị ọnụ dabere na ọnọdụ ụra onye ahụ, na ikike ịchọpụta oke ìhè na / ma ọ bụ okpomọkụ dị n'ime ụlọ ihi ụra onye ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

Ka ọ na-erule 2017, a na-eme atụmatụ na 10% nke ndị okenye na [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|United States]] na-eji usoro ahụike na / ma ọ bụ ihe na-eso ụra mgbe niile.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Glazer Baron|first=Kelly|date=February 15, 2017|title=Orthosomnia: Are Some Patients Taking the Quantified Self Too Far?|url=https://jcsm.aasm.org/doi/10.5664/jcsm.6472|journal=[[Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine]]|volume=13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220124224651/https://jcsm.aasm.org/doi/10.5664/jcsm.6472|archive-date=January 24, 2022|access-date=July 13, 2023|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=MacMillan|first=Amanda|date=April 27, 2018|title=What Is Orthosomnia? All About the New Sleep Disorder You've Never Heard Of|work=[[Health.com]]|url=https://www.health.com/condition/sleep/what-is-orthosomnia|accessdate=December 28, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ịdị irè ==
Dr. Alan Schwartz, onye nduzi nke Sleep Disorders Center na Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, kwuru na ọ bụ ezie na ngwaọrụ ndị na-eso ụra nwere ike ịba uru maka inyere mmadụ aka ịmata usoro n'àgwà ụra ha, ha enweghị ike ịlele ụra mmadụ n'onwe ha n'adịghị ka ọmụmụ ụra.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt; Kama nke ahụ, dị ka Schwartz si kwuo, &quot;Ihe ka ọtụtụ n'ime ngwaọrụ ndị na-eso ụra na-eme ka ụfọdụ mara etu ị na-ehi ụra n'ezie. &quot; nakwa na ozi onye na-eso ụzọ na-enye onye na-eji ya kwesịrị iwere &quot;na mkpụrụ nnu&quot;, mana ọ gbakwunyere na onye na-ese ihe ka ga-enye gị ihe ị ga-eche echiche&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

Dr. W. Chris Winter, onye ndụmọdụ ụra nke Men's Health na onye dere The Sleep Solution: Why Your Sleep Is Broken and How to Fix O kwuru na ngwaọrụ nyocha ụra data na-enye nwere ike ịba uru nakwa na ndị na-achụ nta na-arụ ọrụ dị mma nke inye nghọta banyere usoro ụra mmadụ ka oge na-aga, dịka oge niile mmadụ nwere ike ihi ụra.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;/&gt; Otú ọ dị, Winter kwukwara na ndị na-achọpụta ihe nwere ike ịlụ ọgụ iji chọpụta ọkwa ụra mmadụ nọ na ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; Dr. Isha Gupta, onye na-ahụ maka akwara na IGEA Brain &amp; Spine kwuru na ngwaọrụ ndị na-agbaso ụra na-enye ụzọ dị mma iji nweta echiche zuru oke banyere oge mmadụ na-eteta n'abalị, ogologo oge ọ na-ewe mmadụ ihi ụra, na data nke nwere ike inyere mmadụ aka idozi omume ha, dị ka ịtọ oge ihi ụra n'oge ma ọ bụ idebe ụlọ ihi ụra ha dị jụụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; Otú ọ dị, dị ka Gupta si kwuo, enwere nchegbu na ndị na-eso ụzọ na-atụle ụra gabigara ókè mgbe ahụ mmadụ ka dị na obi mmadụ ahụ ejirila nwayọ, mana onye ahụ anaghị ehi ụra n'ezie.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=A Comprehensive Guide To Top White Noise Machines|url=https://sleepstellar.com/a-comprehensive-guide-to-top-white-noise-machines/|accessdate=2023-07-09|work=sleepstellar.com|archivedate=2023-07-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230709065056/https://sleepstellar.com/a-comprehensive-guide-to-top-white-noise-machines/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Raphael Vallat, onye nchọpụta postdoctoral na Center for Human Sleep Science na Mahadum California, Berkeley, tụrụ aro ka ndị mmadụ ghara inyocha data ụra ha site na ngwaọrụ na-enyocha ụra mgbe niile, na-ekwu na ọ &quot;nwere ike ịgbanwe nghọta nke ụra gị&quot; na &quot;Ị nwere ike iche: 'Oh, gosh, anaghị m ehi ụra nke ọma. Ike gwụrụ m? Enwere m obi ọjọọ?'&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=X. Chen|first=Brain|date=July 17, 2019|title=The Sad Truth About Sleep-Tracking Devices and Apps|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/17/technology/personaltech/sleep-tracking-devices-apps.html|accessdate=December 27, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

In a study published in the Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine on February 15, 2017, researchers from Rush University Medical College and Northwestern University’s Feinberg School of Medicine found that the three patients involved in the study using sleep tracking devices complained about the sleep data that was collected by applications and devices from Nike, [[Apple Inc.|Apple]], Fitbit and other companies.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Zraick|first=Karen|date=June 13, 2019|title=That Sleep Tracker Could Make Your Insomnia Worse|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/13/health/sleep-tracker-insomnia-orthosomnia.html|accessdate=December 27, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot;/&gt; The researchers also found that the patients involved spent excessive time in bed in order to increase their &quot;sleep numbers&quot;, which may have actually made their insomnia worse.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; The researchers involved in the study warned that sleep tracking devices could provide inaccurate data and worsen insomnia in the person using the device by making them unhealthily obsessed with achieving perfect sleep, a condition the researchers called orthosomnia, which they coined in the study.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;

== Hụkwa ==

== Ede nsi bia ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Òtù:Ahụ ike]]</text>
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    <title>Mattrise ikuku</title>
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[[Usòrò:Guest_Bed_Type_Air_Mattress_With_Fake_Felt.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Mattress ikuku dị ka a ga-eji mee ihe maka ebe obibi ndị ọbịa nwa oge]]
Mattrise ikuku bụ mattrise ikuku ma ọ bụ ebe ihi ụra.

N'ihi ịdị elu yá na ụdị nke ụwa họrọ site n'ime ndị kasị dị umeala, a na-ejikarị ya eme ihe dị ka ihe eji egwuri egwu mmiri ma ọ bụ ngwaọrụ flotation, na mba ụfọdụ, gụnyere [[Obodoézè Nà Ofú|UK]] na South Africa, a na'akpọ lilo (&quot;'''Li-lo'''&quot; bụ akara ahịa a kapịrị ọnụ - nke sitere na ahịrịokwu &quot;na-ala ala&quot;) ma ọ bụ Readybed.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=lilo|url=http://www.askoxford.com/concise_oed/lilo|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120719223225/http://www.askoxford.com/concise_oed/lilo|archivedate=July 19, 2012|work=Compact Oxford English Dictionary|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2009|accessdate=2009-05-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Maka ihi ụra ==
[[Usòrò:Konrad_Kyeser,_Bellifortis,_Clm_30150,_Tafel_16,_Blatt_83r_(Ausschnitt).jpg|thumb|Mattrise ikuku mbụ nke onye injinia Germany bụ Konrad Kyeser (ihe dị ka 1405)]]
Mattress ikuku, nke a makwaara dị ka lgwe ikuku  ma ọ bụ àkwà ikuku, bụ mattress na-afụli elu nke e ji polyvinyl chloride (PVC) ma ọ bụ plastik urethane ma ọ bụ rọba mee.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.thesaurus.com/browse/air%20mattress|title=Synonyms for &quot;air mattress&quot;|work=www.thesaurus.com|accessdate=2017-05-07}}&lt;/ref&gt; Enwere ike ịbelata ọnụ nke ndị Kraịst Oge mbụ Nile dị ka ndị mmadụ n'ihe ndị mere n'oge ochie nakwa ijikọta matarasị ahụ ma buru ya ma ọ bụ chekwaa ya n'ụdị dị obere. A na-eme ka ha na-afụli elu site na ịfụ n'ime valvụ, ma ọ bụ site na ntuziaka ma ọ bụ mgbapụta eletrik. Ụfọdụ na-afụli elu na-akpaghị aka mgbe a na-emeghe valvụ, ruo nrụgide ụfọdụ na inflation ọzọ aka ma ọ bụ site na mgbapụta.

matarasị ikuku eme ihe maka ogige ntụrụndụ, iji ụlọ eme ihe nwa oge ma ọ bụ oge zuru oke, a pụkwara imeziwanye ya iji jikọta ndị mere n'oge ochie nakwa ike ịbelata ọtụtụ ojiji (dịka, ogige ntụgharị na ojiji ndị ọbịa) ebe ndị ọzọ bụ otu nzube. Mattresses ikuku nwere ike ịnwe ọdịdị a haziri nke ahazi, dị ka ịkpụ ndị mmadụ n'ihe banyere ụkpụrụ ndị ziri ezi ntụziaka oriri ụkwụ maka iji ya mee ihe na mpaghara ibu nke ụgbọala pickup ma ọ bụ SUV.

Ogwe ụra dị arọ, nke dị obere ma dị arọ ma bụrụ nke dị arọ maka ime ụlọikwuu na ime njem azụ, ma nwee ike ịnwe ihe mkpuchi na nchekwa onwe lekwasịrị ụmụ ndị ikom abụọ ahụ n'ebe ụfụfụ n'okpuru ụlọ ikuku. Ụlọ ikuku dị elu na-eji rọba vulcanized, kpuchie ya na ákwà ma ọ bụ polyurethane na mkpokoro ákwà ọ bụ akọrọ (ing). Àkwà ikuku na-adịgide adịgide ga-adị ka àkwà site n'ime  nkịtị ma e wezụga inwe hose (otu ụlọ ikuku) ma ọ bụ hoses (ọnụ ụlọ ikuku abụọ) na-apụta n'isi àkwà. A ga-ejikọta eriri ndị a na ngwaọrụ ikuku, nke nwere mmasị nwanyị Mmekọahụ ike ọzụzụ ihe mepụtara site na iji bịa na ímé ihe ọ bụla n'ime anyị si egosi ịhụnanya n'ebe nile na ímé ihe ọ na ímé ihe ọ ga abụ ọma valvụ abụọ, nke ga-enwe njikwa (s) dịpụrụ adịpụ ka onye ọ bụla wee nwee ike idozi nkwụsi ike nke akụkụ ya na mkpa nke ya. Enwere ike idozi nkwụsi ike ahụ n'elu ma ọ bụ n'ala, site na ịpị bọtịnụ dị mfe, na remote (s).

Otu ụlọ ọrụ nchekwa gọọmentị USA adọla aka ná ntị megide ikwe ka ụmụ ọhụrụ na-ehi ụra na matarasị ikuku, n'ihi na ha nwere ike ịdị nro ma na-eme ka ụmụaka dị obere (karịsịa ndị na-erubeghị ọnwa 8) ghara iku ume n'ime oghere ma ọ bụ mgbe ha nọ n'etiti matarasị na ala àkwà. Tụkwasị na nke a, e nweela ọtụtụ nnyocha gọọmentị na iwu ndị e mere n'oge na-adịbeghị anya n'ihi ọdịdị na-egbu egbu nke phthalate plasticizers dị n'ime ọtụtụ akwa ikuku PVC vinyl na ngwaahịa vinyl ndị ọzọ dị nro.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=The polyvinyl chloride debate: Why PVC remains a problematic material|url=https://noharm-europe.org/sites/default/files/documents-files/6807/2021-06-23-PVC-briefing-FINAL.pdf|journal=[[European Commission]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; European Union emeela mgbalị yiri nke ahụ iji gbochie ojiji nke ihe vinyl na ihe egwuregwu na ihe ndina.&lt;ref&gt;[http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/consumers/consumer_safety/l32033_en.htm europa.eu/legislation_summaries/consumers/consumer_safety/l32033_en.htm].&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Àkwà ikuku ===
Mattresses ikuku buru ibu, nke dị mgbagwoju anya (nke a maara dị ka &quot;ihe ndina ikuku&quot; n'ebe ndị na-asụ Bekee na Britain) abịala n'ahịa n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya nke e bu n'obi maka iji ndị ọbịa ma ọ bụ dị ka àkwà na-adịgide adịgide n'ime ụlọ ihi ụra.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/air-bed|title=Air bed definition and meaning {{!}} Collins English Dictionary|work=www.collinsdictionary.com|language=en|accessdate=2018-04-10}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ogologo àkwà maka àkwà ikuku nwa oge sitere na ejima ruo n'ogo eze, mana ndị na-emepụta àkwà ndị ọbịa ole na ole na-enye ọnụ ọgụgụ eze ka a na-ere ọtụtụ àkwà ifufe ndị ọbịa na mpụga United States ebe matarasị ndị eze abụghị ọkọlọtọ. Ọtụtụ ebe ikuku na-adịgide adịgide na-eji akwa na ihe ndina dị mfe ịchọta. California King (ma ọ bụ Western King) ákwà na ihe ndina nwere ike isi ike ịchọta ebe ọ bụ na e bu ụzọ chepụta nha a maka ụlọ ọrụ mmiri.

A na-ebuli ndị ọbịa e welitere elu ma ọ bụ àkwà nwa oge n'ala iji mee ka ndị ọrụ ghara ịnọ n'ala ma nye ahụmịhe matarasị ọdịnala. Ọ bụ ezie na àkwà ikuku 'ebuli elu' dị n'ala, emeghị ha maka iji ha mee ihe n'oge niile, ebe ala nke àkwà ahụ bụ ụlọ ikuku ọ bụghị ntọala siri ike.

=== Uru ahụike ===
Mattresses ikuku nwekwara ike imeziwanye ndụ (ma nwee ike inye ụfọdụ enyemaka) maka ndị na-arịa azụ mgbu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Radwan|first=Ahmed|title=Effect of different mattress designs on promoting sleep quality, pain reduction, and spinal alignment in adults with or without back pain; systematic review of controlled trials|journal=Sleep Health|volume=1|issue=4|pages=257–267|doi=10.1016/j.sleh.2015.08.001|pmid=29073401|year=2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Monsein|first=M.|date=2000-09-11|title=Short-term outcomes of chronic back pain patients on an airbed vs innerspring mattresses|journal=MedGenMed: Medscape General Medicine|volume=2|issue=3|pages=E36|issn=1531-0132|pmid=11104482}}&lt;/ref&gt; Inwe ikike idozi nkwụsi ike nke matarasị iji nweta ọdịdị ahụ dị iche iche, nha, na ịdị arọ, nwere ike ịbụ ihe na usoro ọgwụgwọ. A na-eji matarasị ikuku eme ihe mgbe ụfọdụ iji chebe ndị nọ n'àkwà pụọ na ọnyá nrụgide, nke nwere ike ịkpata ọnyá na-eyi ndụ egwu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://airbed.org/health|title=Health - Airbed.org|work=Airbed.org|accessdate=2018-05-27|language=en-US|archive-date=2018-05-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180528052117/https://airbed.org/health|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tụkwasị na nke a, matarasị ikuku arụpụtara na-enweghị ihe ndị nwere ike ịhapụ VOCs ma ọ bụ ihe ndị ọzọ na-egbu egbu site na usoro nrụpụta (nke nwere ike ime ka nsogbu ahụ na ụmụaka ma ọ bụ ndị ọzọ na'ahụ anya) dị.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20170222133054/http://www.arb.ca.gov/research/health/healthup/Sep08.pdf &quot;Indoor Chemicals Linked to Respiratory and Allergic Effects in Children&quot;], California EPA, 2008.&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Usòrò:Air_mattress.JPG|thumb|Mattrise ikuku n'ụdị ekwentị mkpanaaka.]]

=== Dị ka ihe eji egwuri egwu na mmiri ===
Okwu ikuku mattress nwekwara ike izo aka na ọdọ mmiri mmiri ma ọ bụ ihe eji egwuri egwu n'ụsọ osimiri, nke nwere akpa ikuku na ọtụtụ (na-abụkarị anọ ma ọ bụ ise) tubes na-agba ọsọ. A na-akpọkwa ya &quot;lilo&quot; (UK, AUS, NZ, SA), &quot;ụgbọ mmiri ikuku&quot;, &quot;ụgbọelu ikuku&quot;, &quot;ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ&quot;, ma ọ bụ &quot;ụgbọ (ing) mat (ike) &quot;, a na-eji ya ala n'elu mmiri. E debara aha Li-Lo maka ngwaahịa ihe rubberised na UK na 19 Apr 1944 na USA na 25 Sep 1947 site na P. B. Cow na Co Ltd.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://tsdrapi.uspto.gov/ts/cd/casedocs/bundle.pdf?rn=506119,506369,506403,506473,506495,506497,506519,506520,506537,506589,506599,506797,507097,507098,507542,507652,507686,507764,507788,507789,507880,507883,507885,507886,507887&amp;category=RC|title=US Patent Office|date=Sep 1947|work=US Patent and Trademark Office|accessdate=15 Sep 2016|archivedate=12 October 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161012141444/https://tsdrapi.uspto.gov/ts/cd/casedocs/bundle.pdf?rn=506119,506369,506403,506473,506495,506497,506519,506520,506537,506589,506599,506797,507097,507098,507542,507652,507686,507764,507788,507789,507880,507883,507885,507886,507887&amp;category=RC}}&lt;/ref&gt;  A na-akpọsa matarasị ikuku na-afụli elu maka ntụrụndụ dị ka otu n'ime ngwaahịa Li-Lo na British Industries Fair na London 1949.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/P._B._Cow_and_Co|title=P. B. Cow and Co|date=1949|work=Grace's Guide to British Industrial History|accessdate=15 Sep 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ ezie na ọ na-eyi ihe ndina ikuku, a naghị ewu ya nke ọma ma ọ nwere ike ọ gaghị adịgide na-afụli elu n'abalị niile, na-eme ka ọ ghara ịdị irè maka iji ya dị ka àkwà.

== Ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe ==
&quot;Ụra ikuku&quot; a na-agbanwe agbanwe na-adịgide adịgide ghọrọ ihe a ma ama karịsịa mgbe onye isi ahịa Select Comfort malitere nnukwu mkpọsa ahịa n'ihe dị ka afọ 2001.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://bedtimesmagazine.com//2006/06/whats-in-the-air/|title=What's in the air? {{!}} BedTimes|author=Nelles|first=Barbara|work=bedtimesmagazine.com|accessdate=2016-03-08|date=June 2006}}&lt;/ref&gt; Comfortaire rụrụ ebe ikuku mbụ ahụ na 1981, nke Select Comfort mechara zụta, na Jenụwarị 2013 maka $ 15.5m.  Select Comfort mara ọkwa na Machị 30, 2017, na ha na-akwụsị ahịa mkpọsa nke atọ, nke Comfortaire Line nke ngwaahịa, na-emechi Comfortaire Brand.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://bedtimesmagazine.com/2017/04/select-comfort-end-sales-comfortaire/|title=Select Comfort to End Sales of Comfortaire to Retailers|date=2017-04-27|accessdate=2023-07-15|archivedate=2023-07-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230715205926/https://bedtimesmagazine.com/2017/04/select-comfort-end-sales-comfortaire/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ndị nrụpụta ndị ọzọ gụnyere Boyd Specialty, InnoMax, na American National.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.laduenews.com/living/a-sleep-success-story-the-bedroom-store/article_d7d836da-d96d-5d14-b376-e41bd3dc2cab.html|title=A Sleep Success Story: The Bedroom Store|author=Dexter|first=Robyn|work=Ladue News|accessdate=2016-03-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308115358/http://www.laduenews.com/living/a-sleep-success-story-the-bedroom-store/article_d7d836da-d96d-5d14-b376-e41bd3dc2cab.html|archive-date=2016-03-08|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Ebe ikuku dị ọnụ ala nke a na-eji eme ogige ma ọ bụ ndị ọbịa gụnyere Aerobed, nke ụlọ ọrụ Jarden The Coleman Company rere.

== Hụkwa ==

* Ndepụta nke ngwaahịa ndị a na-emepụta na ikuku

== Ntụaka ==
&lt;references group=&quot;&quot; responsive=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;/references&gt;

== Njikọ mpụga ==
{{Authority control}}</text>
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{| class=&quot;infobox vcard&quot;
|+ class=&quot;infobox-title fn org&quot; id=&quot;4&quot; |Resource Extraction Monitoring
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-image logo&quot; |
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;padding-right:0.6em;&quot; |Founded
| class=&quot;infobox-data note&quot; |2003
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;padding-right:0.6em;&quot; |Type
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Non-governmental organization]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;padding-right:0.6em;&quot; |Focus
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Natural Resource|Natural resource extraction]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;padding-right:0.6em;&quot; |Location
| class=&quot;infobox-data label&quot; |&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Plainlist/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlist&quot;&gt;
* Cambridge, [[Obodoézè Nà Ofú|UK]]
&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;padding-right:0.6em;&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;&quot;&gt;Ebe e jere ozi &lt;/div&gt;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Ụwa Nile
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;padding-right:0.6em;&quot; |Ụzọ e si eme ihe
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Nlekọta ọhịa n'onwe ya, iwulite ikike
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;padding-right:0.6em;&quot; |Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[https://web.archive.org/web/20230814034433/https://rem.org.uk/ www.rem.org.uk]
|}
Resource Extraction Monitoring (REM) bụ ọgbakọ anaghị akwụ ụgwọ na-enye nleba anya nke onwe ya iji hụ na etinyere iwu gbasara mwepu ihe ndị sitere n'okike. Ndị ọkachamara nwere ihe karịrị afọ iri na ise nke ahụmahụ nleba anya tọrọ ntọala ya na 2003. Isi ụlọ ọrụ dị na UK, yana ụlọ ọrụ mpaghara na mba ebe nnukwu ọrụ na-eme.

Nzukọ ahụ na-edozi ọdịiche dị n'etiti gọọmentị, NGO gburugburu ebe obibi na ikike mmadụ na obodo ndị dị n'ógbè, ndị na-enye onyinye na ngalaba onwe site n'inye ozi ziri ezi na nke kwesịrị ekwesị gbasara nkwekọrịta na ojiji nke ihe onwunwe. REM abụghị òtù lobbying ma ọ nweghị atụmatụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, mana ọ na-arụsi ọrụ ike na nyocha na iwepụta okwu nke ọchịchị na nghọta n'oge mmejuputa oru ngo.

== Ihe omume ==
Nnyocha nchọpụta ihe onwunwe na òtù mmekọ, Forest Monitor, na-enyocha mmebi ọhịa na [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] (DRC). Ọrụ a nọ ugbu a n'ọkwa nke abụọ. A họpụtara REM dị ka onye na-ahụ maka iwu na ọchịchị ọhịa na DRC maka ọnwa 25, malite na Disemba 2010.

Nzukọ ahụ nwekwara ọrụ na mba ndị ọzọ, gụnyere:

* [[Kameroon|Cameroon]]
* [[Liberia]]
* [[Republic of the Congo|Republic of Congo]]
* Sri Lanka
* [[Tanzania]]

== Hụkwa ==

* [[Onye Nlekọta Ọhịa]]
* Ịkụ osisi n'ụzọ iwu na-akwadoghị
* Nlekọta Ọhịa n'onwe ya

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [http://rem.org.uk/independent-monitoring.html Nkọwa nke Nlekọta Onwe Ya]
* [http://www.forestsmonitor.org Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Forest Monitor]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20230814034433/https://rem.org.uk/ Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Reource Extraction Monitoring]
* REM IM-FLEG Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Cameroon (French) E debere  Wayback Machine
* [http://www.observation-congo.info/ REM IM-FLEG Republic of Congo Website (French)]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20230723194057/http://www.observation-rdc.info/ REM IM-FLEG Democratic Republic of Congo Website (French)]</text>
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    <title>Orthosomnia</title>
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'''Orthosomnia''' bụ okwu ahụike maka nchegbu na-adịghị mma maka ihi ụra zuru oke.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Zraick|first=Karen|date=June 13, 2019|title=That Sleep Tracker Could Make Your Insomnia Worse|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/13/health/sleep-tracker-insomnia-orthosomnia.html|accessdate=December 27, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ndị na-eme nchọpụta si na Rush University Medical College na Northwestern University's Feinberg School of Medicine chepụtara okwu a na nyocha nke e bipụtara na Febụwarị 15, 2017 na Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine nke akpọrọ &quot;Orthosomnia: Are Some Patients Taking the Quantified Self Too Far?&quot; ebe ndị nchọpụta na eme ka anyị si nọrọ na ụdị nke chọpụtara na ndị ọrịa atọ ahụ na-ehi ụra na-ebiga oge ókè n'àkwà iji mụbaa &quot;ọnụ ọgụgụ [[Nnyocha ụra|ụra]]&quot; ha, nke nwere ike ime ka Insomnia ha ka njọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=X. Chen|first=Brain|date=July 17, 2019|title=The Sad Truth About Sleep-Tracking Devices and Apps|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/17/technology/personaltech/sleep-tracking-devices-apps.html|accessdate=December 27, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Glazer Baron|first=Kelly|date=February 15, 2017|title=Orthosomnia: Are Some Patients Taking the Quantified Self Too Far?|url=https://jcsm.aasm.org/doi/10.5664/jcsm.6472|journal=[[Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine]]|volume=13|issue=2|pages=351–354|doi=10.5664/jcsm.6472|pmid=27855740|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220124224651/https://jcsm.aasm.org/doi/10.5664/jcsm.6472|archive-date=January 24, 2022|access-date=July 28, 2023|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=MacMillan|first=Amanda|date=April 27, 2018|title=What Is Orthosomnia? All About the New Sleep Disorder You've Never Heard Of|work=[[Health.com]]|url=https://www.health.com/condition/sleep/what-is-orthosomnia|accessdate=December 28, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dr. Sabra Abbott, onye enyemaka prọfesọ nke neurology na Mahadum Northwestern na otu n'ime ndị nchọpụta na-etinye aka na nyocha ahụ, chọpụtara na mbụ Orthosomnia mgbe ndị ọzọ ụra mbụ Nile nke ụwa ya na ndị ọrụ ibe ya malitere inwe &quot;ọtụtụ ndị ọrịa na-abata na ihe omume nke na-emezughị nkọwa ọdịnala nke ehighị ụra, mana nke ahụ ka na-eme ka ha na-ehi ụra n'abalị&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt; Abbott chọpụtakwara na n'ihi na ndị na-arịa ọrịa Orthosomnia na-adabere na ngwaọrụ ha na-enyocha ụra, &quot;ha na-ebibi ụra ha n'ezie&quot; n'ihu na ụdị ke amụta site na iji n'ihi ya, ha anaghị atụ ihe onye na-enyo ha weere dị ka &quot;ezi&quot; ụra.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Hụkwa ==

* Orthorexia nervosa

== Ntụaka ==
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Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services

Abbreviation	IPBES

Formation	2012; 11 years ago

Type	Platform

Legal status	Active

Headquarters	Bonn, Germany

Head	Chair of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services

Ana María Hernández Salgar

Website	www.ipbes.net

 Politics portal

The Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) bụ nzukọ gọọmentị na-emekọ ihe ọnụ nke e guzobere iji melite interface n'etiti sayensị na iwu na nsogbu nke biodiversity na [[ọrụ gburugburu ebe obibi]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.ipbes.net|title=IPBES|author=&lt;!--Not stated--&gt;|accessdate=28 June 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190627065419/https://www.ipbes.net/|archivedate=27 June 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ebumnuche ya bụ ịrụ ọrụ yiri nke Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/01/120120010357.htm|title=Biodiversity crisis is worse than climate change, experts say|date=January 20, 2012|work=[[ScienceDaily]]|accessdate=September 11, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ntọala na mmalite mmepe ==
N'afọ 2010, mkpebi nke nnọkọ nke iri isii na ise nke Nzukọ Ezumezu nke Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu gbara United Nations Environment Programme ume ka ha kpọọ nzukọ zuru ezu iji guzobe IPBES.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Vadrot|first=Alice B. M.|date=1 March 2018|title=Why are social sciences and humanities needed in the works of IPBES? A systematic review of the literature|journal=Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research|volume=31|issue=Suppl 1|pages=78–100|doi=10.1080/13511610.2018.1443799|issn=1351-1610|pmid=29706803}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Duraiappah|first=Anantha Kumar|date=September 2011|title=The Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services: opportunities for the social sciences|journal=Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research|language=en|volume=24|issue=3|pages=217–224|doi=10.1080/13511610.2011.592052|issn=1351-1610}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2013, a nabatara usoro echiche mbụ maka nzukọ zuru oke nke IPBES.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Site na 29 Eprel ruo 4 Mee 2019, ndị nnọchiteanya nke ndị otu 132 nke IPBES zutere na Paris, France, iji nata akụkọ zuru ezu&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://ipbes.net/global-assessment|title=Global Assessment Report on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services|date=2019|publisher=IPBES|accessdate=December 6, 2020|archivedate=January 12, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220112000727/https://ipbes.net/global-assessment}}&lt;/ref&gt; nke IPB ES ma nabata nchịkọta ya maka ndị na-eme iwu. Na 6 Mee 2019, a tọhapụrụ nchịkọta peeji 40.&lt;ref name=&quot;IPBES&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Media Release: Nature's Dangerous Decline 'Unprecedented'; Species Extinction Rates 'Accelerating'|work=IPBES|date=5 May 2019|url=https://www.ipbes.net/news/Media-Release-Global-Assessment|accessdate=6 May 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.ru.nl/english/news-agenda/news/vm/management/2019/nature-decline-unprecedented-human-history-1/|title=Nature's decline 'unprecedented' in human history: 1 million species threatened with extinction|work=Radboud University|accessdate=2019-06-28|archivedate=2021-07-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210712071159/https://www.ru.nl/english/news-agenda/news/vm/management/2019/nature-decline-unprecedented-human-history-1/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Usòrò:IPBESCF.svg|thumb|Usoro Echiche IPBES&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Díaz|first=Sandra|date=June 2015|title=The IPBES Conceptual Framework — connecting nature and people|journal=Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability|language=en|volume=14|pages=1–16|doi=10.1016/j.cosust.2014.11.002|issn=1877-3435}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Díaz|first=Sandra|date=January 2018|title=Assessing nature's contributions to people|url=https://archive.org/details/science_2018-01-19_359_6373/page/270|journal=Science|language=en|volume=359|issue=6373|pages=270–272|doi=10.1126/science.aap8826|pmid=29348221|issn=0036-8075}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
]]

== Akụkọ 2020 ==
N'abalị iri abụọ na itoolu n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2020, nzukọ ahụ wepụtara akụkọ mbido site na Zenodo na ogbako ya, nke emere n'ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ na ụbọchị iri abụọ na otu n'ọnwarị n'afọ 2020 nke na-atụ aro atụmatụ maka imekọ ihe ọnụ mba ụwa iji belata ihe ize ndụ maka ọrịa na-efe efe.&lt;ref&gt;Daszak, Peter;  das Neves, C.;  Amuasi, J.;  Hayman, D.;  Kuiken, T.;  Roche, B.;  Zambrana-Torrelio, C.;  Buss, P.;  Dundarova, H.;  Feferholtz, Y.;  Foldvari, G.;  Igbinosa, E.;  Junglen, S.;  Liu, Q.;  Suzan, G.;  Uhart, M.; Wannous, C.;  Woolaston, K.; Mosig Reidl, P.; O'Brien, K.;  Pascual, U.;  Stoett, P.;  Li, H.;  Ngo, H. T., ''[https://zenodo.org/record/4158500 Workshop Report on Biodiversity and Pandemics of the Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES)]'', [[Zenodo]], October 29, 2020&lt;/ref&gt; Ibelata ugboro ole ọrịa na-efe efe na oke nke ọrịa na-egbu egbu site na mmejuputa iwu zuru ụwa ọnụ bụ ebumnuche nke nzukọ ahụ. Otu isiokwu banyere akụkọ ahụ ka Medical News Today bipụtara na Nọvemba 7, 2020, nke na-akọwa ozi dị na akụkọ ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;Huzar, Timothy, ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20230522134106/https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/international-report-lays-out-plan-to-escape-from-the-pandemic-era International report lays out plan to 'escape from the pandemic era']'', [[Medical News Today]], November 7, 2020&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akụkọ 2021 na IPCC ==
Na June nke 2021, IPBES na IPCC wepụtara akụkọ ọmụmụ ihe na-akwado na ụdị dị iche iche na mgbanwe ihu igwe. Ọmụmụ ihe ahụ wepụtara akụkọ nchịkọta na-ekpuchi nsonaazụ na akụkọ sayensị dị peeji 250.

== Onyinye ==

=== Ihe nrite Gulbenkian maka Humanity na 2022 ===
 
N'ọnwa Ọktoba 2022, IPBES na IPCC kesara onyinye Gulbenkian maka mmadụ, n'ihi na òtù abụọ ahụ dị n'etiti gọọmentị &quot;na-emepụta ihe ọmụma sayensị, na-eme ka ọha mmadụ mara, ma na-agwa ndị na-eme mkpebi ka ha mee nhọrọ ka mma maka ịlụso mgbanwe ihu igwe ọgụ na ọnwụ nke ụdị dị iche iche&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;GulbenkianPrize&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://gulbenkian.pt/en/news/2022-gulbenkian-prize-for-humanity-distinguishes-ipbes-and-ipcc/|title=2022 Gulbenkian Prize for Humanity distinguishes IPBES and IPCC|date=13 October 2022|accessdate=13 October 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hụkwa ==

* [[Nkwekọrịta Banyere Ụdị Dị iche iche|Nkwekọrịta Banyere Ụdị Ihe Ndị Dị Ndụ]]
* Ngalaba Gọọmentị Na-ahụ Maka Mgbanwe Ihu igwe
* Usoro Nchịkọta Gburugburu Ebe Obibi na Akụnụba

== Ihe odide ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20190627065419/https://www.ipbes.net/ ipbes.net]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20230820094253/https://www.ipbes.net/sites/default/files/2020-02/ipbes_global_assessment_report_summary_for_policymakers_en.pdf Nchịkọta maka ndị na-eme iwu, nke Global Assessment Report on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services]
* [[doi:10.5281/zenodo.3831673|[Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Akụkọ nyocha ụwa na Biodiversity na Ọrụ Ecosystem. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]Ọpụpụ ọzọ Odeakwụkwọ IPBES.]]</text>
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'''Nlekọta ọhịa''' onwe ya (IFM) bụ ngwá ọrụ maka ịtụle na iwusi nkwenye iwu ike na ngalaba ọhịa n'ụwa niile. Site n'ịgbakwunye ọrụ mmanye iwu ọhịa na ebumnuche na ntụkwasị obi ọha na eze nke onye nke atọ nwere onwe ya, IFM nwere ike imeziwanye nghọta n'oge na adịghị anya ka ọ na enye aka na mmepe nke usoro iwu na nhazi maka nlekọta ọhịa.

E mesiri nghọta ike dị ka ihe dị mkpa na ''Mbelata'' ''[[Igbukpọ osisi|Mgbukpọ]]'' site na ''Mgbukwu'' ọhịa na Mgbụgba Ọhịa ([[Usoro REDD nke United Nations|REDD]]) site na UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) na Conference of the Parties (COP-15) na Copenhagen na Disemba 2009 ''na'' mkpebi ya gbasara nduzi usoro maka usoro nlekota ọhịa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Methodological Guidance|publisher=UNFCC|url=http://unfccc.int/files/na/application/pdf/cop15_ddc_auv.pdf|accessdate=2009-12-28}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ụkpụrụ Ndị Dị na ya ==
Global Witness akọwaala IFM dị ka “iji onye nke atọ nọọrọ onwe ya na, site na nkwekọrịta ya na ndị ọchịchị steeti, na enye nleba anya nrube isi n'iwu, na nleba anya na ntụzịaka na usoro mmanye iwu ọhịa.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.globalwitness.org/media_library_detail.php/140/en/a_guide_to_independent_forest_monitoring|title=Global Witness. (2005). ''A Guide to Independent Forest Monitoring''.|accessdate=2007-03-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070208173806/http://www.globalwitness.org/media_library_detail.php/140/en/a_guide_to_independent_forest_monitoring|archivedate=2007-02-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;

IFM gbadoro ụkwụ na nguzobe nke mmekorita n'etiti 'ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọbịa' nke na ahụ maka nlekọta nke mpaghara ọhịa na ụlọ ọrụ nlekota oru ahọpụtara. Ọrụ bụ isi nke onye nleba anya bụ ime nyocha ubi iji hụ ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ mmanye iwu na idekọ ihe omume iwu na akwadoghị n'ime ọhịa na azụmaahịa metụtara ya. Nnyocha ndị a na ebute mbipụta akwụkwọ ikike gbasara ọrụ ọhịa, bụ nke emere ka ọ dịrị ọkwa niile nke gọọmentị, ụlọ ọrụ na ọha mmadụ.

Site n'ileba anya na mmanye iwu ọhịa, IFM na-enyere aka ịchọpụta usoro ọrụ iwu na akwadoghị na nrụrụ aka. Ndị na enyocha na atụ anya na a ga eme  akaebe ha ma na echebe onwe ha pụọ na nguzogide siri ike maka ọchịchị ka mma.

== Ojiji ==
E meela IFM na Cambodia, [[Kameroon|Cameroon]], [[Republic of the Congo|Republic of Congo]], Honduras, na Nicaragua, ma mee ya n'ọtụtụ mba ndị ọzọ.

A na akpọkwa IFM Independent Monitoring, Independent Observation, na Third Party Observation.

== Ihe odide ==

=== Ihe edeturu ===
{{Reflist}}

=== Ịgụ ihe ọzọ ===

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20230814034433/https://rem.org.uk/ Nnyocha Nchịkọta Ihe] onwunwe, Nnyocha Onwe Ya
* Peeji [http://www.globalwitness.org/ifm IFM] na Global Witness
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070426060753/http://www.observation-cameroun.info/ Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Cameroon IFM]
* Ọrụ Verifor nke Overseas Development Institute na usoro nkwenye iwu nke ọhịa gụnyere mkparịta ụka nke IFM

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* IllegalLogging.info, ebe nrụọrụ weebụ na-enye ozi ndabere banyere isi okwu na arụmụka mkpesa iwu na-akwadoghị
{{Forestry}}</text>
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    <title>Oké ọhịa Ngong</title>
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Ọhịa Ngong bụ otu nime ọhịa okike ole na ole dị nisi obodo Kenya. Nịbụ nke dị kilomita 6 (3.7 mi) site na mpaghara azụmahịa etiti  Nairobi, Ọhịa Ngong dị na Ngong Hills nokporo ụzọ Ngong.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://softkenya.com/kenya/ngong-forest/|title=Ngong Forest|date=2011-08-24|work=Softkenya.com|accessdate=2017-05-10|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180103133423/https://softkenya.com/kenya/ngong-forest/|archive-date=2018-01-03|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nịbụ nke Ngong Road Forest Sanctuaries naachịkwa, ebe obibi a nke osisi ndị a bụ ebe obibi nke ọtụtụ anụ ọhịa, gụnyere [[Ágụ|agụ owuru]], hyenas nwere ntụpọ, na Cape bushbucks.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.victoriasafaris.com/kenya/excursions.html|title=Ngong Forest Walks, Ngong Forest Tours, Excursions in Ngong Forest, Nairobi Tours, Nairobi Safdari Walk, Nairobi Orphanage, Nairobi Charity Tours, Kibera Slum Tours, Kibera Charity Tours, Kibera Pro Poor Tours|work=www.victoriasafaris.com|accessdate=2017-05-10|archivedate=2016-11-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161105135414/http://www.victoriasafaris.com/kenya/excursions.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ụmụ anụmanụ ndị ọzọ bi na ya gụnyere ugo, owls, agwọ, na ọtụtụ nnụnụ na anụ ndị ọzọ naakpụ akpụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://runningwild.co.ke/running-wild-road-map/ngong-forest-sanctuary|title=Hidden Tranquility at the Ngong Forest Sanctuary - Running Wild|date=2015-11-29|work=Running Wild|accessdate=2017-05-10|language=en-US|archive-date=2017-07-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170720215321/http://runningwild.co.ke/running-wild-road-map/ngong-forest-sanctuary|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọhịa Ngong, nke gbatịrị ruo Rift Valley Province, enweela [[Igbukpọ osisi|mgbukpọ]] ọhịa nihi ebe obibi nke Karen na Ngong, yana mmepe nke Lenana School na Ngong Racecourse. Ihe omume ndị a belatara 2,926.6 hekta mbụ nke Ngong Forest (7,232 acres) ruo 1,224 hekta ugbu a (3,020 acres).

== Ihe odide ==
{{Reflist}} 
 </text>
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|+ class=&quot;infobox-title fn org&quot; id=&quot;4&quot; |REScoop.eu
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-image logo&quot; |[[File:REScoopeu_logo.png|frameless]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;padding-right:0.6em;&quot; |Founded
| class=&quot;infobox-data note&quot; |2011&lt;span class=&quot;noprint&quot;&gt;&amp;#x3B;&amp;#x20;12&amp;nbsp;years ago&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;(&lt;span class=&quot;bday dtstart published updated&quot;&gt;2011&lt;/span&gt;)&lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Antwerp]], [[Flanders]], Belgium
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;padding-right:0.6em;&quot; |Founder
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Dirk Vansintjan
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;padding-right:0.6em;&quot; |Type
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[non-governmental organization]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;padding-right:0.6em;&quot; |Purpose
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[energy democracy]], [[renewable energy]], and [[cooperatives]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;padding-right:0.6em;&quot; |Headquarters
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Antwerp, Belgium
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;padding-right:0.6em;&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;&quot;&gt;Region served &lt;/div&gt;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Europe
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;padding-right:0.6em;&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;&quot;&gt;Main organ&lt;/div&gt;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Board of directors]], elected by the [[Annual General Meeting]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;padding-right:0.6em;&quot; |Website
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[https://www.rescoop.eu/ www.rescoop.eu]
|}
REScoop.eu bụ European federation of renewable energy cooperatives, nke e guzobere na 2011.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Rescoop.eu|url=http://www.managenergy.net/actors/4889|work=European Commission Directorate-General for Energy: ManagEnergy Initiative|accessdate=29 January 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;

{{As of|April 2016}} it has 20 member organisations (either individual REScoops or regional REScoop federations) in 11 European Member States, representing 1,240 individual REScoops and their 300,000 citizens.&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20160609203142/https://rescoop.eu/renewable-energy-citizen-initiatives/leading REScoop members&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ bụ ụlọ ọrụ Belgian Ecopower na-ahụ maka nlekọta ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Foundation of REScoop.eu|url=http://www.ecopower.be/index.php/rescoopeu|work=Ecopower|accessdate=29 January 2012|date=17 March 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120121074527/http://www.ecopower.be/index.php/rescoopeu|archive-date=21 January 2012|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na Disemba 24, 2013, European federation of groups and cooperatives of citizens for renewable energy (REScoop.EU) guzobere n'ụzọ iwu n'okpuru iwu mba Belgium na oke Europe. Omume iwu a bụ isi okwu iji kwalite ọrụ nke European federation ma bụrụ ntọala iji wuo njikọ aka siri ike nke European renewable energy.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://rescoop.eu/european-federation|title=European federation {{!}} REScoop.eu|work=rescoop.eu|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140315001738/http://www.rescoop.eu/european-federation|archivedate=2014-03-15}} &lt;/ref&gt;

REScoop bụ oge dị mkpirikpi maka Renewable Energy Source Cooperative.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Renewable energy source cooperatives|work=University of Liege, Centre for Social Economy|year=2010|url=http://www.ces.ulg.ac.be/en_GB/research-2/social-entrepreneurship/cooperatives|accessdate=29 January 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọnọdụ na mkpọsa ==
REScoop.eu na-akwado maka usoro ike dị iche iche, nke a na-eme ka ọ dị ọhụrụ, nke dị irè, nke dị ọcha na nke [[Ike na-adịgide adịgide|na-adịgide adịgide]] na ụmụ amaala na isi ya, na-ezo aka na mgbanwe ike dị ka &quot;mgbanwe ike na ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya&quot;.

== Ihe odide ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Official website</text>
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[[Usòrò:Obi_of_Onitsha.jpg|alt=Photo of the current Obi of Onitsha; His Royal Majesty, Igwe Alfred Achebe in his white regalia.|thumb|Foto nke Obi nke Onitsha ugbu a; Eze Ukwu, Igwe Alfred Achebe na uwe ọcha ya.]]
'''Obi nke Onitsha''' bụ onye ndú ọdịnala nke [[Onịchạ|Onitsha]], Anambra Steeti, ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Naijiria. Gọọmentị steeti na nke gọọmentị etiti nke [[Naijiria]] nabatara ọkwa Obi, a na-ahụkwa Obi dị ka onye nnọchi anya ndị Onitsha na steeti na gọọmentị gọọmentị. Obi nke ugbu a bụ Eze Igwe [[Alfred Achebe|Nnaemeka Alfred Ugochukwu Achebe]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://dailymedia.com.ng/biographyprofilehistory-21st-obi-onitsha-anambra-state-igwe-nnanyelugo-alfred-nnaemeka-achebe/|title=Biography/Profile/History Of  The 21st Obi of Onitsha, Anambra State &quot;Igwe Nnanyelugo Alfred Nnaemeka Achebe&quot; – Daily Media|work=dailymedia.com.ng|language=en-US|accessdate=2017-04-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171004191210/http://dailymedia.com.ng/biographyprofilehistory-21st-obi-onitsha-anambra-state-igwe-nnanyelugo-alfred-nnaemeka-achebe/|archivedate=2017-10-04}}&lt;/ref&gt;


== Ọrụ ==
Achebe wepụrụ dị ka onye nduzi ụlọ ọrụ mmepe mmanụ ala Shell. N'afọ 2015 ọ ghọrọ Chancellor nke Ahmadu Bello University Zaria&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Sub-editor|date=2022-07-24|title=Obi of Onitsha (Alfred Achebe): Biography, Age, Wife, Children, Net Worth and Source of Wealth|url=https://newswirengr.com/2022/07/24/obi-of-onitsha-alfred-achebe-biography-age-wife-children-net-worth-and-source-of-wealth/|accessdate=2023-06-15|work=NewsWireNGR|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230902134847/https://newswirengr.com/2022/07/24/obi-of-onitsha-alfred-achebe-biography-age-wife-children-net-worth-and-source-of-wealth/|archive-date=2023-09-02|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndepụta nke ndị eze Onitsha ==
{{Plainlist|* (Eze) Chima (Mid-16th century)
* Oreze (16th–17th century)
* Chimaevi (17th century)
* Chimukwu (17th century)
* Chimaezi (17th century)
* Nafia (17th century)
* Tasia (17th century)
* Eze Aroli (17th–18th century)
* Chimedie (18th century)
* Omozele (18th century)
* Ezeolisa (18th century)
* Ijelekpe (18th–19th century)
* Udogwu (C. 1820)
* Akazue (1840–1873)
* Diali (1873–1874)
* Anazonwu (1874–1899)
* Samuel Okosi (1901–1931)
* James Okosi (1935–1961)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.amightytree.org/okosi_funeral/announcements/formal_announcements.html|title=Formal Annoncements|date=Sep 28, 2007|website=web.archive.org|accessdate=Apr 23, 2023|archivedate=September 28, 2007|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928043645/http://www.amightytree.org/okosi_funeral/announcements/formal_announcements.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Joseph Okwudili Onyejekwe (1962–1970)
* Ofala Okechukwu Okagbue (1970–2001)
* [[Alfred Achebe]] (2002–present)}}

== Ihe odide ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==
Media related to Obi of Onitsha at Wikimedia Commons

* [http://www.sunnewsonline.com/webpages/features/citysun/2004/oct/27/citysun-27-10-2004-001.htm Obi nke Onitsha na-eme emume Ofala Day - Nigeria Sun online]
* [https://imeobionitsha.org/sovereigns/ imeobionitsha.org]</text>
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N' ọnwa Jun afọ 2020, ụgbọ ala nwa nwanne Erakat bụ Ahmed zutere ebe ndị agha na-enyocha na West Bank dị nso na Abu Dis, mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ndị agha Israel gbara ya égbè ma gbuo ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2020-06-23/israeli-troops-kill-palestinian-who-attempted-car-ramming-in-west-bank-police|title=Palestinian Driver Shot Dead After Alleged Car-Ramming on Israeli Police|work=US News|date=June 23, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ndị uwe ojii ahụ kwadoro omume ha dị ka iji chebe onwe ha, na-ekwu na Ahmed nwara ịba ụgbọala ya n' ime ha, mana Noura agbaghaala na nke a.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.democracynow.org/2020/6/24/noura_erakat|title=Palestinian Scholar Noura Erakat: Israeli Forces Killed My Cousin on His Sister's Wedding Day|work=[[Democracy Now!]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Forensic Architecture na Al-Haq malitere nyocha banyere ogbugbu Ahmed site na iji 3D modeling, fieldwork, geolocation, synchronization, OSINT, na nyocha onyinyo, wee kwubie na mmetụ ụgbọ ala ahụ na ebe nyocha ahụ bụ ihe mberede, na ịgba égbè Israel bụ igbu ọchụ na-enweghị ikpe na iji ike na-egbu egbu eme ihe n' ụzọ gabigara ókè, nakwa na ndị agha Israel agọnahụrụ Ahmed nlekọta ahụike ngwa ngwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://forensic-architecture.org/investigation/the-extrajudicial-execution-of-ahmad-erekat/|title=The Extrajudicial Execution of Ahmed Erakat}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Usòrò:Noura Erakat at New America Foundation event.jpg|alt= Noura Erakat at New America Foundation event.jpg|thumb]]

=== Akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ ===

* ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20231016122037/https://tadweenpublishing.com/blogs/news/9500099-new-book-aborted-state-the-un-initiative-and-new-palestinian-junctures Ọchịchị A Na-ewepụ Egwu? Ihe Omume UN na Nzukọ Ndị Ọhụrụ nke Palestine]'' Ya na Mouin Rabbani dezigharịrị, 2013.
* Ikpe ziri ezi maka ụfọdụ: Iwu na Ajụjụ nke Palestine.

* &quot;[https://ssrn.com/abstract=2402251 Ndị] gbara ọsọ ndụ na Palestine na Nnupụisi Siria: Imejupụta oghere nchebe n' oge ndị ọzọ a manyere ịkwaga ebe ọzọ&quot;. Oxford Journal of International Refugee Law, Forthcoming.
* &quot;Ọbịbịa Ọhụrụ n 'oge Obama: Mmetụta nke igbu ọchụ a na-achọ n' Iwu Nchebe Onwe Onye&quot;. Arizona Law Review, Forthcoming.
* &quot;[https://ssrn.com/abstract=2218572 US v]. Red Cross: Customary International Humanitarian Law &amp; Universal Jurisdiction. Denver Journal of International Law and Policy 41 Denv. J. Int'l L. &amp; Pol'y 225 (Winter 2013).
* &quot;Ọ bụghị ihe na-ezighi ezi, ọ bụ iwu na-akwadoghị: Ịtọpụ mgbochi Gaza n'etiti Iwu Mba Nile na Nzaghachi UN. &quot; UCLA Journal of Islamic and Near Eastern Law, Mpịakọta nke 11, Nke 37, 2011-2012.
* &quot;[https://ssrn.com/abstract=2218807 Operation Cast Lead]: The Elusive Quest for Self-Defense in International Law&quot;. 36 Rutgers L. Rec. 164 (2009).
* &quot;Ịkwado esemokwu Arab-Israeli: The Politicization of U.S. Federal Courtrooms&quot; 2 Berkeley Journal of Middle Eastern &amp; Islamic Law 27 (2009).

* &quot;U.S. kwesịrị ịkwụsị ịkwado Israel, ma ọ bụ hapụ ndị ọzọ ka ha zụọ udo&quot;. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]
* &quot;Ọrụ Israel abụghị maka nchekwa: Echiche na-emegide&quot;. USA Taa, July 31, 2014.
* &quot;[http://www.thenation.com/article/180783/five-israeli-talking-points-gaza-debunked Ebe] Ikwu Israel ise na Gaza - A kpughere ya&quot;. The Nation, July 25, 2014.
* &quot;Ihe ike na-eme n'ụlọ ikpe: BDS na Movement to Resist Erasure&quot;. ''Los Angeles'' Review of Books, March 16, 2014.

* Egwu kachasị njọ nke Israel bụ nke ime obodo, ọ bụghị Hamas ma ọ bụ Iran, ka onye bụbu praịm minista Ehud Barak CBC kwuru, June 5, 2018
* To The Point: &quot;A New Shot at Peace Talks: Ọ ga-adị iche n'oge a?&quot;  [Ihe e dere n' ala ala peeji]
* N' èzí Beijing: &quot;Palestine na-achọ ka ọ bụrụ steeti na UN&quot;. China Radio International, November 21, 2012.

* &quot;[https://web.archive.org/web/20231013153621/https://www.gazaincontext.com/film.html Gaza] in context&quot;.&quot;, gazaincontext.com, July 2016.
* &quot;Ịgba aghara n' usoro na ụkpụrụ nke agha n'akụkụ abụọ nke esemokwu Middle East&quot;. PBS NewsHour, July 24, 2014.
* &quot;Gaza Debate: Dị ka ndị Palestine na-anwụ n' elu 100, Ònye ga-ata ụta maka ime ihe ike na-arịwanye elu? [http://www.democracynow.org/2014/7/11/gaza_debate_as_palestinian_deaths_top Gịnị ka a pụrụ ime?].&quot; Democracy Now!, July 11, 2014.
* Na Chris Hayes: &quot;Obama mechiri njem mbụ ọ gara Israel dị ka onye isi ala&quot;. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]
* Up na Chris Hayes: &quot;Ihe kpatara ime ihe ike na Israel na Gaza&quot;. MSNBC, November 17, 2012.
* &quot;Iwu dị n' akụkụ ndị a: Mkparịta ụka. WNET (PBS Iri na Atọ)
{{Reflist}} 

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20141017152315/http://ncc.gmu.edu/ncc-connect/october-2014/faculty-highlight Akụkọ ndụ] - Mahadum George Mason
* Noura Erakat on Twitter 
{{Authority control}}
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'''Ngozi Therese Chuma-Udeh''' (/ŋgɔzi tə&quot;ri:zə tʃu:mə ude/) bụ [[Ndị Naijiria|onye Naijiria]] prọfesọ nke Bekee (African and comparative literature stress). Ọ bụ onye nkuzi, ọkà okwu, ọkà mmụta, onye edemede, onye na-ede uri, na onye na-eme ihe maka ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụaka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Rapheal|date=2022-09-03|title=Ngozi Chuma-Udeh: Education is not a scam|url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/ngozi-chuma-udeh-education-is-not-a-scam/|accessdate=2023-02-23|work=The Sun Nigeria|language=en-us}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-ekwu okwu na Mahadum [[Anambra Steeti|steeti Anambra]] (nke bụzi [[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University|Mahadum Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu]]) site na 2012 ruo 2017 ma bụrụ ugbu a Kọmishọna maka Ngalaba Mmụta nke Anambra steeti na odeakwụkwọ, Anambra State Education Advisory Board.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Home|url=https://anambraministryofeducation.com/|accessdate=2023-02-23|work=Anambra Ministry of Education`|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=About Prof. Ngozi ChumaUdeh|url=http://ngozichumaudeh.ng/Home/AboutProfChumaUdeh|accessdate=2023-02-23|work=ngozichumaudeh.ng|archivedate=2023-02-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230223140946/http://ngozichumaudeh.ng/Home/AboutProfChumaUdeh}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mmụta ==
Chuma-Udeh gara Mahadum nke Port Harcourt, ebe ọ natara B,A. na asụsụ Bekee na akwụkwọ / akwụkwọ. Ọ kwagara [[Mahadum Nnamdi Azikiwe]], ebe ọ nwetara MA na asụsụ Bekee na akwụkwọ / akwụkwọ ozi na PhD na akwụkwọ ntụnyere.

== Ọrụ ==
Chuma-Udeh bụ onye nchịkọta akụkọ na Sentinel Literary Quarterly, United Kingdom.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=To New Beginnings {{!}} Sentinel Literary Quarterly|url=https://sentinelquarterly.com/current-issue-2/to-new-beginnings/|accessdate=2023-02-23|language=en-US|archivedate=2023-02-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230223140949/https://sentinelquarterly.com/current-issue-2/to-new-beginnings/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sentinel Literary Quarterly {{!}} The Magazine of World Literature. ISSN 1756-0349 (Print), ISSN 1753-6499 (Online) {{!}} Page 97|url=https://sentinelquarterly.com/page/97/|accessdate=2023-03-01|language=en-US|archivedate=2023-03-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301101845/https://sentinelquarterly.com/page/97/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onye isi ngalaba nke Bekee, [[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University|Mahadum]] steeti Anambra maka oge abụọ. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka Coordinator General English Studies, Anambra State University maka oge abụọ; Associate Dean of Arts; Dean Faculty of Arts na oche, Local Organizing Committee for Faculty and Arts International Conferences.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://ngozichumaudeh.ng/Home/AboutProfChumaUdeh|title=About Prof. Ngozi ChumaUdeh|work=ngozichumaudeh.ng|accessdate=2023-09-29|archivedate=2023-02-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230223140950/http://ngozichumaudeh.ng/Home/AboutProfChumaUdeh}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ngozi bụkwa onye nchịkọta akụkọ / onye nyocha maka PMLA (Journal of the Modern Language Association MLA); onye nchịkọta akụkọ, ''ANSU Journal of Integrated Knowledge na'' onye nchịkọta akụkọ ibe, ANSU Magazine of Arts and Social Science, Anambra State University.

N'abalị iri na otu n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2022, gọvanọ nke Anambra Steeti, Prọfesọ. [[Charles Soludo|Charles Chukwuma Soludo]], họpụtara Chuma-Udeh dị ka Kọmishọna Mmụta nke Anambra State.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=NewsWireNGR|date=2022-03-29|title=Soludo appoints 20 commissioners in Anambra – Complete List|url=https://newswirengr.com/2022/03/29/soludo-appoints-20-commissioners-in-anambra-complete-list/|accessdate=2023-02-23|work=NewsWireNGR|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230223202906/https://newswirengr.com/2022/03/29/soludo-appoints-20-commissioners-in-anambra-complete-list/|archive-date=2023-02-23|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akwụkwọ ndị a họọrọ ==

=== Akụkọ ndị a na-ede na akwụkwọ akụkọ ===

* {{Cite journal|author=Chuma-Udeh|first=Ngozi|date=2017-09-02|title=X-raying the implications of conflict management, justice and human dignity of women under war situations in the African literary context|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/21674736.2018.1424385|journal=Journal of the African Literature Association|language=en|volume=11|issue=3|pages=339–354|doi=10.1080/21674736.2018.1424385}}
* &quot;Unoka: Nwoke na-arịa ọrịa na Code of Traditional Society na Chinua Achebe's Things Fall Apart&quot;.Okike: Akwụkwọ akụkọ Africa nke edemede ọhụrụ. Nke 51, July, 2014.p 240-255
* &quot;Onye obi abụọ&quot;. Okike: Akwụkwọ akụkọ Africa nke ederede ọhụrụ. N0. 50. Ọktoba, 2013. (Ncheta mbipụta na nsọpụrụ nke onye nchịkọta akụkọ, Prọfesọ Chinua Achebe.)
* &quot;The Niger Delta, Environment, Women and Politics of Survival in Kaine Agary's Yellow Yellow. &quot; Akwụkwọ edemede gburugburu ebe obibi: Regreening African Landscapes. (Ed site na Okuyade), African Heritage Press, New York.
* &quot;Ovid's Pyramus and Thisbe na Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet: Didacticism versus Emotionalism in the Ill-Fated Lover Motif&quot;. Sentinel Literary Quarterly of World Literature, London&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=July-September 2012 {{!}} Sentinel Literary Quarterly|url=https://sentinelquarterly.com/july-september-2012/|accessdate=2023-02-23|language=en-US|archivedate=2023-02-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230223202905/https://sentinelquarterly.com/july-september-2012/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Akwụkwọ ndị a họọrọ ===

* Akwụkwọ edemede Caribbean (Ihe odide na Ihe gbara ya gburugburu). Rex Charles and Patricks Publishers, Nimo. 450 peeji
* Atụmanya banyere Shakespeare. Malchjay Publishers. peeji 168
* Chuma-Udeh Ngozi na Ifejirika Echezona. Nnyocha Bekee: Eziokwu, Ụkpụrụ, na Ụkpụrụ (2 Mpịakọta), Onitsha: Ndị na-ebipụta akwụkwọ mbụ nke Africa
* Nabata na Literary World, I na II. Ndị na-ebipụta akwụkwọ Malchjay
* Omume na Nsogbu na Akwụkwọ Naijiria. Ndị na-ebipụta akwụkwọ Malchjay Onitsha. peeji 360

=== Akụkọ ifo ndị a họọrọ ===

* Forlorn Fate (A Niger Delta Statement). Ndị na-ebipụta akwụkwọ Enugu
* ''Ojadili'', a Igbo Epic (A translation). Onitsha: Ndị na-ebipụta Malchjay
* ''Mmekọrịta aka nke onye isi ala''. Nimo: Rex Charles na Patricks
* ''Nrọ'' nke nwata. Nimo: Rex Charles na Patricks
* ''Abụ nke Enweghị olileanya''. Nchịkọta nke uri. Ndị na-ebipụta akwụkwọ Malchjay
* ''Njem'' nke Okwukwe. ''Egwuregwu. Nkwado nke Catholic Women Organization dị ka 2010 Conference Drama'' Ndị na-ebipụta akwụkwọ Malchjay
* ''Mmetụta nke'' ụtụtụ ọhụrụ. Onitsha: Ndị na-ebipụta Malchjay
* ''Ndị nkuzi'' na Strike. Ndị Africana Mbụ na-ebipụta

=== Akụkọ ifo ụmụaka ===

* Mgbapụ nke Amara. Malchjay Publishers, Onitsha. peeji nke 34.
* Amara Obere Enyemaka Ụlọ. Malchjay Publishers, Onitsha. 35 peeji
* Nnapụta nke Amara. Malchjay Publishers, Onitsha. 36 peeji
* Amara Na-aga Ụlọ Akwụkwọ. Malchjay Publishers, Onitsha. 74 peeji

== Onyinye ==

* A na-akpọ ya Kọmishọna Na-eme nke ọma maka agụmakwụkwọ na South East Nigeria site na Schools Debate Nigeria&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-07-18|title=Anambra Carts away Three Awards at National Debate Championship, Set to Represent Nigeria in Dubai - Anambra Ministry of Education|url=https://anambraministryofeducation.com/2023/07/18/anambra-carts-away-three-awards-at-national-debate-championship-set-to-represent-nigeria-in-dubai/|accessdate=2023-09-17|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
* 2022 Ihe nrite nke Onye Ama&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=EDU. COMM. PROF. CHUMA-UDEH BAGS ASATU EMINENT PERSONALITY AWARDS – City Radio Fm 89.7 Onitsha|url=https://www.cityradiofm897.com.ng/edu-comm-prof-chuma-udeh-bags-asatu-eminent-personality-awards/|accessdate=2023-09-17|language=en-US|archivedate=2023-09-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230929094302/https://www.cityradiofm897.com.ng/edu-comm-prof-chuma-udeh-bags-asatu-eminent-personality-awards/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ihe nrite West African maka akụkọ ifo ụmụaka nke oge a nke National Youths Renaissance haziri, Nigeria
* Onye mmeri nke Association of African Women Writers' Masterpiece 2010 Award, Dakar, Senegal, 2010
* Onye mmeri nke West African Writers' Children's Literary Renaissance Award, Takoradi Ghana,2005

== Ihe odide ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [https://www.linkedin.com/in/professor-ngozi-chuma-udeh-a998a534 Ngozi Chuma-Udeh] na Linkedln
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'''Valerian Maduka Okeke''' (amụrụ na 20 Ọktoba n'afọ 1953) bụ onye ụkọchukwu Katoliki nke di mba [[Naijiria]]. Ọ bụ Achịbishọp nke {{ill|Archdiocese nke Onitsha|en}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.familiam.org/famiglia_eng/culture/00006789_Nigeria_is_Increasingly_Pro_Life.html|title=Nigeria is Increasingly Pro-Life|work=Pontifical Council for the Family|access-date=18 June 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;
== Ndụ na mmalite==
Okeke bu onye [[Umudioka]] nke di na [[Anambra Steeti]]. Echiri ya ụkọchukwu n'ọnwa Julaị 11 n'afọ 1981 site n'aka {{ill|Francis Arinze|en}}.&lt;ref name=&quot;Cheney 2018&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Cheney|first=David M.|title=Archbishop Valerian Maduka Okeke &amp;#91;Catholic-Hierarchy&amp;#93;|work=Catholic-Hierarchy|date=30 August 2018|url=http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bokekev.html|accessdate=20 April 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Mgbe a họpụtara Okeke, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nnọchi anya uka na Holy Trinity Cathedral, Onitsha, n'okpuru nnukwu ukọchukwu {{ill|Emmanuel Otteh|en}}. Ọrụrụ ọrụ dịka onye isi ukọchukwu na Our Lady of Seven Sorrows' Parish nke Umuoji (1983- 1986). Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onyeisi ụlọakwụkwọ {{ill|Bigard Memorial Seminary|en}} nke di na [[Enugu]], tupu {{ill|Pope John Paul II|en}} hoputara ya dika nnukwu ukọchukwu n'ọnwa Nọvemba 28 n'afọ 2001. Oburu ụzọ bụrụ Co-adjutor Archbishop n'onwa Febụwarị 9 n'afọ 2002 site n'aka {{ill|Osvaldo Padilla|en}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.onitsha-archdiocese.org/archbishop|title=Archbishop|work=www.onitsha-archdiocese.org|access-date=21 April 2019|archivedate=22 August 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180822014647/https://www.onitsha-archdiocese.org/archbishop}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
Kemgbe a họpụtara ya, Okeke jere ozi na kọmitii dị iche iche nke Nzukọ Bishọp Katọlik nke Naijiria, yana dịka onyeisi oche nke Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Ihe Ndị Nlekọta, Secretariat Katọlik na Naijiria na 2017. Nzukọ Bishọp Katọlik nke Naijiria&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.cbcn-ng.org/newsdetail.php?tab=729|title=Catholic Bishops Conference of Nigeria (CBCN)|work=www.cbcn-ng.org|accessdate=21 April 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ugbu a, ọ bụ onye isi oche nke Kọmitii Nzukọ Bishọp Katọlik na Seminaries.

Ọ lekọtara mmụba nke ọnụ ọgụgụ parishes na Onitsha Archdiocese site na 70 ruo 183 karịa afọ 15.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/10/transcript-of-grace-a-tribute-to-archbishop-valerian-okeke-65/|title=TRANSCRIPT OF GRACE: A tribute to Archbishop Valerian Okeke @ 65|date=2018-10-20|work=Vanguard News|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-06-18}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.onitsha-archdiocese.org/about-us/statistics|title=Statistics|work=www.onitsha-archdiocese.org|accessdate=2019-06-18}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ hụla nraranye nke ọtụtụ ụka na archdiocese.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://kikistalk.com/archbishop-okeke-dedicates-ebube-muonsos-10000-capacity-church-parish/|title=Archbishop Okeke dedicates Ebube Muonso's 10,000 Capacity Church Parish|author=http://karensan|date=2018-12-30|work=KIKI'S TALK|language=en-GB|accessdate=2019-06-18|archivedate=2021-10-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211023132845/http://kikistalk.com/archbishop-okeke-dedicates-ebube-muonsos-10000-capacity-church-parish/}}&lt;/ref&gt; O nwere ndị ụkọchukwu na diocese nke Belleville, Illinois. Belleville, Illinois&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://bellevillemessenger.org/|title=Diocese welcomes two new Nigerian priests|work=The Messenger|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-06-18}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kọntaktị ya gbasaa na Obodo Igbo na Ozone Park, Queens, New York, ebe ọ dọtara ihe karịrị 400 karịsịa ndị Igbo maka ọrụ nkwenye. Ogige Ogige Igbo Ozone, Queens Nkwado&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://thetablet.org/nigerian-prelate-celebrates-igbo-mass-in-s-ozone-park/|title=Nigerian Prelate Celebrates Igbo Mass in S. Ozone Park (with slideshow)|date=2016-06-15|work=The Tablet|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-06-18}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Okeke n'onwe ya na-eleta ụlọ mkpọrọ Onitsha ugboro atọ kwa afọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://guardian.ng/tag/valerian-okeke/|title=Archbishop celebrates birthday in prison|author=Ekpunobi|first=Dom|date=24 October 2017|work=guardian.ng|accessdate=2019-06-18|archivedate=2019-12-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191222083621/https://guardian.ng/tag/valerian-okeke/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://newmail-ng.com/obi-celebrates-christmas-with-prisoners-motherless-babies/|title=Obi celebrates Christmas with prisoners, motherless babies|author=Okoro|first=Anslem|date=2018-12-25|work=New Mail Nigeria|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-06-18}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Site na Achịbishọp Valerian Okeke Foundation (AVOF) ọ nwere ike iziga ndị nnọchi anya na-eto eto na mba ndị dị ka Ghana. Ghana&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.championnews.com.ng/archbishop-okeke-urges-youths-to-be-good-ambassadors/|title=Archbishop Okeke urges youths to be good ambassadors|author=Onyejekwe|first=Percy|date=18 June 2019|work=Champion Newspapers}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe odide ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
[[Òtù:Ndị Igbo]]</text>
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'''Valerian Maduka Okeke''' (amụrụ na 20 Ọktoba n'afọ 1953) bụ onye ụkọchukwu Katoliki nke di mba [[Naijiria]]. Ọ bụ Archbishop nke {{ill|Archdiocese of Onitsha|en}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.familiam.org/famiglia_eng/culture/00006789_Nigeria_is_Increasingly_Pro_Life.html|title=Nigeria is Increasingly Pro-Life|work=Pontifical Council for the Family|access-date=18 June 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ na mmalite==
Okeke bu onye [[Umudioka]] nke di na [[Anambra Steeti]]. Echiri ya ụkọchukwu n'ọnwa Julaị 11 n'afọ 1981 site n'aka {{ill|Francis Arinze|en}}.&lt;ref name=&quot;Cheney 2018&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Cheney|first=David M.|title=Archbishop Valerian Maduka Okeke &amp;#91;Catholic-Hierarchy&amp;#93;|work=Catholic-Hierarchy|date=30 August 2018|url=http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bokekev.html|accessdate=20 April 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Mgbe a họpụtara Okeke, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nnọchi anya uka na Holy Trinity Cathedral, Onitsha, n'okpuru nnukwu ukọchukwu {{ill|Emmanuel Otteh|en}}. Ọrụrụ ọrụ dịka onye isi ukọchukwu na Our Lady of Seven Sorrows' Parish nke Umuoji (1983- 1986). Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onyeisi ụlọakwụkwọ {{ill|Bigard Memorial Seminary|en}} nke di na [[Enugu]], tupu {{ill|Pope John Paul II|en}} hoputara ya dika nnukwu ukọchukwu n'ọnwa Nọvemba 28 n'afọ 2001. Oburu ụzọ bụrụ Co-adjutor Archbishop n'onwa Febụwarị 9 n'afọ 2002 site n'aka {{ill|Osvaldo Padilla|en}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.onitsha-archdiocese.org/archbishop|title=Archbishop|work=www.onitsha-archdiocese.org|access-date=21 April 2019|archivedate=22 August 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180822014647/https://www.onitsha-archdiocese.org/archbishop}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
Kemgbe a họpụtara ya, Okeke jere ozi na kọmitii dị iche iche nke Nzukọ ndị nnukwu ukọchukwu nke Naijiria, ma dịka onyeisi oche nke ngalaba na-ahụ maka ihe ndị nlekọta, Secretariat Katọlik na Naijiria na 2017.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.cbcn-ng.org/newsdetail.php?tab=729|title=Catholic Bishops Conference of Nigeria (CBCN)|work=www.cbcn-ng.org|access-date=21 April 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ọchịchị ya, ọnụọgụgụ ụlọuka dị na Archdiocese nke Onitsha sitere na 70 ruo 183.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/10/transcript-of-grace-a-tribute-to-archbishop-valerian-okeke-65/|title=TRANSCRIPT OF GRACE: A tribute to Archbishop Valerian Okeke @ 65|date=2018-10-20|work=Vanguard News|language=en-US|access-date=2019-06-18}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.onitsha-archdiocese.org/about-us/statistics|title=Statistics|work=www.onitsha-archdiocese.org|access-date=2019-06-18}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Okeke na-eleta ndị no n'ụlọ mkpọrọ nke Onitsha ugboro atọ kwa afọ. Obu ebe ahụ ka ona-eme mmemme ncheta ọmụmụ ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://guardian.ng/tag/valerian-okeke/|title=Archbishop celebrates birthday in prison|last=Ekpunobi|first=Dom|date=24 October 2017|work=guardian.ng|accessdate=2019-06-18|archivedate=2019-12-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191222083621/https://guardian.ng/tag/valerian-okeke/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://newmail-ng.com/obi-celebrates-christmas-with-prisoners-motherless-babies/|title=Obi celebrates Christmas with prisoners, motherless babies|author=Okoro|first=Anslem|date=2018-12-25|work=New Mail Nigeria|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-06-18}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
[[Òtù:Ndị Igbo]]</text>
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    <title>Nọọsụ na-amụ nwa</title>
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      <text bytes="4291" sha1="7b5uylr7566m0gye2ex8lvw12d1mj5a" xml:space="preserve">[[Faịlụ:British midwife Kirsty Lowe weighs a newborn baby at an IOM clinic in the Kutupalong camp for Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh.jpg|thumb|Noose na -amụ nwa]]
 

'''onye nọọsụ na-amụ nwa''' bụ ma onye nọọsụ (na-abụkarị onye nọọchị edebanyere aha) na onye na-amụ ime, ebe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ nọọsụ ma na-amụ ụmụ nke na-eduga n'ịrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nọọlụ na-amụmụ nwa mgbe ụfọdụ na-enweta asambodo na nka. Ndị nọọsụ na-ahụ maka ịmụ nwa na-elekọta ụmụ nwanyị n'oge ndụ ha niile, gụnyere n'oge ime na oge ha amuchara, yana nlekọta ụmụ nwanyị na [[Ibelata ịmụ ọtụtụ ụmụ|igbochi ọmụmụ]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nurse Midwife|publisher=Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science|url=https://college.mayo.edu/academics/explore-health-care-careers/careers-a-z/nurse-midwife/|accessdate=10 July 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Omume ==
Ndị nọọsụ na-amụ nwa nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ dị ka ndị na-ahụ maka ahụike maka ụmụ nwanyị ma na-enyekarị nlekọta ahụike maka ndị inyom nwere ahụike, ndị a na-ewere ahụike na ọmụmụ ha dị ka ihe na-enweghị mgbagwoju anya karịa nnukwu ihe ize ndụ, yana ụmụ ọhụrụ ha. Ụmụ nwanyị nwere nnukwu ihe ize ndụ nke ime ime nwere ike ịnata uru nke nlekọta ịmụ nwa site n'aka onye nọọsụ na-amụ nwa na mmekorita ya na dọkịta. Nọọsụ na-amụ nwa nwere ike ịrụkọ ọrụ ọnụ ma ọ bụ na mmekorita ya na onye na-ahụ maka ịmụ nwa na onye na'ahụ maka ụmụ nwanyị, onye na-enye ndụmọdụ na enyemaka nye ndị ọrịa na-enwe nsogbu ma ọ bụ nwere Akụkọ ahụike dị mgbagwoju anya ma ọ bụ ọrịa. Ha na-enye nlekọta ahụike maka ahụike mmekọahụ, ebe ha na-ahụkwa ụmụ nwanyị maka nyocha oge niile ma nwee ike ịmalite ụdị mgbochi afọ ime niile.

Ndị nọọsụ na-amụ nwa na-arụ ọrụ n'ụlọ ọgwụ na ụlọ ọgwụ onwe onye ma nwee ike ịmụ ụmụ n'ụlọ ọmụmụ ma gaa ọmụmụ n'ụlọ. Ụfọdụ na-arụ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ dị ka ndị prọfesọ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Role of a Certified Nurse Midwife|url=http://nursingonline.uc.edu/the-role-of-a-certified-nurse-midwife/|work=University of Cincinnati Online Master of Science in Nursing|accessdate=2019-08-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170509150124/http://nursingonline.uc.edu/the-role-of-a-certified-nurse-midwife/|archivedate=2017-05-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;Ha nwere ike ide ọgwụ, ọgwụgwọ, ngwaọrụ ahụike, usoro ọgwụgwọ na nyocha. Ha nwekwara ike inye ụmụ nwanyị nlekọta ahụike site na oge uto site na nsọpụ, gụnyere nlekọta maka nwa ọhụrụ ha (neonatology), antepartum, intrapartum, postpartum na nlekọta gynecological na-abụghị nke ịwa ahụ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=18.4. Midwife practice guidelines.|url=http://www.pacode.com/secure/data/049/chapter18/s18.4.html|work=The Pennsylvania Code|accessdate=24 September 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.pacode.com/secure/data/049/chapter18/s18.4.html|title=49 Pa. Code § 18.4. Midwife practice guidelines}}&lt;/ref&gt;N'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, ndị na-amụ nwa nwekwara ike ilekọta nwoke nke nwanyị ha na-arịa ọrịa n'akụkụ ọrịa na-ebute site na mmekọahụ na ahụike ọmụmụ. Na United States, ihe na-erughị otu pasent nke ndị nọọsụ na-amụ nwa bụ ụmụ nwoke.&lt;ref name=&quot;Pilkenton 2008&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Midwifery: A career for men in nursing|author=Pilkenton|first=Deanna|date=February 2008|journal=Men in Nursing|doi=10.1097/01.MIN.0000310888.82818.15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://travelnursing.io/|title=Travel Nurse Company|access-date=2023-10-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240302085923/https://travelnursing.io/|archive-date=2024-03-02|url-status=dead}} Friday, 9 April 2021&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hụkwa ==

* Mary Breckinridge, Onye guzobere Ọrụ Nọọsụ FrontierỌrụ Nọọsụ Na-ahụ Maka Ógbè
* Nọọsụ nwere asambodo (United States) 
* [[Ọmụmụ nwa|Ịmụ Nwa]]
* Doula
* Nọọsụ
* Nọọsụ na-amụ nwa

== Ihe odide ==
{{Reflist}}{{Nursing}}{{Authority control}}</text>
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[[Category:Articles with hCards]]
Duro Oni (Yorùbá: Dúró Òní; amụrụ na Disemba 15, 1952 na [[Minna]]) bụ onye Naijiria prọfesọ nke Ihe nkiri na [[University of Lagos|Mahadum Lagos]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Professor Duro ONI|url=http://staffprofile.unilag.edu.ng/?emd_person=professor-duro-oni|accessdate=2022-08-08|work=Staff Profile|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808070219/http://staffprofile.unilag.edu.ng/?emd_person=professor-duro-oni|archive-date=2022-08-08|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Professor Duro Oni is New President of Nigerian Academy of Letters|url=https://unilag.edu.ng/?p=9575|accessdate=2022-08-08|work=University of Lagos|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=About the Nigerian Academy of Letters|url=https://nalonline.org.ng/about/|accessdate=2022-08-08|work=Nigerian Academy of Letters|language=en-US|archivedate=2022-08-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808070821/https://nalonline.org.ng/about/}}&lt;/ref&gt; bụ onye isi oche nke Nigerian Academy of Letters. Mmasị nyocha &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Duro Oni|url=https://nalonline.org.ng/duro-oni/|accessdate=2022-08-08|work=Nigerian Academy of Letters|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; dị na mpaghara nke imepụta ihe nkiri na ịma mma, ọkụ n'elu ikpo okwu, akwụkwọ na nkatọ, ọmụmụ ọdịbendị na Ụlọ ọrụ ihe nkiri Naijiria / [[Nollywood]]. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; [2]

== Agụmakwụkwọ na Ọrụ ==
Oni nwetara diplọma na Drama na Mahadum nke Ibadan na 1973. O mechara nweta nzere Bachelor na Master of Fine Arts na Performing Arts Design na Technology site na California Institute of the Arts. O nwetara nzere doctorate ya na Theatre Arts na Mahadum Ibadan .

&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Afejuku|first=Tony|date=2022-08-05|title=On 24th convocation of Nigerian Academy of Letters|url=https://guardian.ng/opinion/on-24th-convocation-of-nigerian-academy-of-letters/|accessdate=2022-08-08|work=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US|archivedate=2022-08-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808071157/https://guardian.ng/opinion/on-24th-convocation-of-nigerian-academy-of-letters/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt;'ọnwa Ọgọstụ 2021, mgbe ọ rụchara ọrụ dị ka osote onye isi oche nke Academy site na 2018 ruo 2021, a nabatara Oni dị ka onye isi oche of the Nigerian Academy of Letters, na-anọchi Francis Egbokhare. Site na 2013 ruo 2017, Duro Oni bụ osote osote onye isi ala (Management Services) nke Mahadum Lagos site na 2013 ruo 2017. Tupu mgbe ahụ, ọ bụ Dean nke Faculty of Arts nke mahadum site na 2009 ruo 2013, na Onye isi nke Ngalaba nke Creative Arts site na 2006 ruo 2009. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; rụkwara ọrụ dị ka Chief Executive Officer nke Centre for Black and African Arts and Civilization site na 2000 ruo 2006. Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onye nduzi nke Confucius Institute na Mahadum Lagos site na 2008 ruo 2009. Duro Oni lara ezumike nká &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Professor Duro Oni Clocks 70, Bows out of Active Service in Blaze of Glory|date=27 June 2023|url=https://unilag.edu.ng/?p=17455|access-date=4 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231107174752/https://unilag.edu.ng/?p=17455|archive-date=7 November 2023|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mahadum Lagos na Disemba 15, 2022 mgbe ọ dị afọ 70 mgbe afọ 42 nke ịrụsi ọrụ ike gasịrị. [1]

Site na 1990 ruo 1991, Oni jere ozi dị ka onye ndụmọdụ pụrụ iche nye Minista Naijiria nke Ọdịbendị na Ọdịmma Ọha, yana dị ka onye ọka ndụmọdụ pụrụ iche maka Minista Naịjirịa nke Ndị Ntorobịa na Egwuregwu site na 1991 na 1992. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Udo|first=Mary|date=2017-03-07|title=ONI, Prof. Duro|url=https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/oni-prof-duro/|accessdate=2022-08-08|work=Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Oni bụ onye nduzi nke Mahadum Lagos' Centre for Cultural Studies site na 1992 ruo 1997. Ọ malitere ma mepụta mmemme nzere bachelọ na Creative Arts, na Chinese Studies na 1997 na 2013 n'otu n'otu. 

Tupu &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=British Council Nigeria|date=20 January 2020|title=Thanks to you Professor Duro Oni - Cultural guru and distinguished scholar|url=https://www.britishcouncil.org.ng/blog/man-arts-man-letters-man-humanities|work=British Council Nigeria|accessdate=4 November 2023|archivedate=4 November 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231104025219/https://www.britishcouncil.org.ng/blog/man-arts-man-letters-man-humanities}}&lt;/ref&gt; gụọ akwụkwọ masta ya na California, Oni bụ onye na-ahụ maka ihe nkiri na [[Mahadum nke Ahmadu Bello|Mahadum Ahmadu Bello]], Zaria n'etiti afọ 1973 na 1975, mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, a họpụtara ya maka mmemme British Council Artists Fellowship na 1975. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Professor duro oni department of creative arts, university of lagos|url=https://sckool.org/professor-duro-oni-department-of-creative-arts-university-of-l.html|accessdate=2022-08-08|work=sckool.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akwụkwọ ndị e bipụtara ==
Oni ebipụtala ọtụtụ akwụkwọ edemede na mpịakọta edepụtara, n'etiti ha bụ:

* ''Okwu ndị dị egwu: Ihe nkiri na Ọdịbendị na Mmepe Mba'' (2017) 
* ''The Soyinka Impulse: Essays on Wole Soyinka'' edere ya na Bisi Adigun (2019) na
* Nnukwu karịa Frame II ya: Critical Studies and Reflections on Olu Obafemi (2021).

''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Omoniyi|first=Tope|date=2009|title=Negotiating youth identity in a transnational context in Nigeria|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02533950802684678|journal=Social Dynamics|volume=35|issue=1|pages=1–18|doi=10.1080/02533950802684678|issn=0253-3952}}&lt;/ref&gt;'' deela edemede ndị ọkà mmụta na akwụkwọ akụkọ agụmakwụkwọ ndị a na-enyocha dịka ''African Performance Review, Social Dynamics,'' na ndị ọzọ.

&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Ododo|first=Sunday Enessi|url=https://lasu.edu.ng/publications/arts/olusola_fosudo_bk_027.pdf|title=Fireworks for a Lighting Aesthetician: Essays and Tributes in Honour of Duro Oni @ 60|publisher=Centre for Black and African Arts and Civilization (CBAAC)|year=2012|isbn=9789785115659|location=Lagos|archive-date=2022-08-08|access-date=2023-11-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808171810/https://lasu.edu.ng/publications/arts/olusola_fosudo_bk_027.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;'afọ 2012, e bipụtara festschrift, Njem akpọrọ Fireworks for a Lighting Aesthetician: Essays and Tributes in Honour of Duro Oni @ 60, iji sọpụrụ agụmakwụkwọ Oni.

== Ihe odide ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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    <title>Peter Imoesi</title>
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      <text bytes="12930" sha1="jul2hgtytuypsx3kjxhbrjipsda3f0e" xml:space="preserve">&lt;references responsive=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;/references&gt;{{Databox}}
 
[[Category:Articles with hCards]]
'''Peter Ikhianosimhe Imoesi''' bụ [[Ndị Naijiria|Onye Naijiria]] na-ahụ maka akwara na onye na-eme nchọpụta na Institute of Medical Sciences na Mahadum Aberdeen. O nwere nzere PhD na sayensị ahụike (translational neuroscience) site na School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition na Mahadum Aberdeen . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Work Profile: Peter Imoesi (University of Aberdeen)|url=https://www.abdn.ac.uk/people/peter.imoesi/#about|work=abdn.ac.uk}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=University of Aberdeen|title=MRC Discovery Projects- Peter Imoesi|url=https://www.abdn.ac.uk/rowett/research/peter-ikhianosimhe-imoesi-1014.php|work=abdn.ac.uk|publisher=The Rowett Institute|accessdate=25 January 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Imoesi2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|doi=10.3389/fnmol.2019.00259|title=Rapid Action of Retinoic Acid on the Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal Axis|year=2019|author=Imoesi|first=Peter I.|journal=Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience|volume=12|pmid=31736706}}&lt;/ref&gt; bụ onye a ma ama maka nyocha ya na mpaghara na hypothalamus na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na vitamin A homeostasis.

Imoesi, edepụtara ya n'etiti ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị ojii magburu onwe ha gburugburu ụwa, 2021.&lt;ref&gt;[https://hellobio.com/blog/black-history-month-2021-celebrating-black-scientists.html Listed among Excellent Black Scientist around the world], additional text.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Sam Roome PhD|title=interviews-with-scientists-peter-ikhianosimhe-imoesi|url=https://hellobio.com/blog/interviews-with-scientists-peter-ikhianosimhe-imoesi.html|work=hellobio.com|accessdate=25 January 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=The Choice Of Deploying COVID-19 Vaccine In Nigeria And The Science|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/commentary-the-choice-of-deploying-covid-19-vaccine-in-nigeria-and-the-science/|accessdate=5 September 2021|publisher=Nigerian Tribune}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=PUNCH|title=Nigeria should begin pool testing for COVID-19 –Neuroscientist|url=https://healthwise.punchng.com/nigeria-should-begin-pool-testing-for-covid-19-neuroscientist/|accessdate=23 January 2022|publisher=healthwise.punchng.com|date=May 20, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=TVC|title=Why Covid-19 individual testing won't work in Nigeria- Dr Peter Imoesi|url=https://tvcentertainment.tv/2020/05/19/why-covid-19-individual-testing-wont-work-in-nigeria-dr-peter-imoesi/|accessdate=23 January 2022|publisher=tvcentertainment.tv|date=20 May 2020|archive-date=23 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220123202625/https://tvcentertainment.tv/2020/05/19/why-covid-19-individual-testing-wont-work-in-nigeria-dr-peter-imoesi/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=CBNAFRICA|title=Peter Imoesi: Why Nigeria should rethink its COVID-19 testing approach|url=https://www.cnbcafrica.com/2020/peter-imoesi-why-nigeria-should-rethink-its-covid-19-testing-approach/|accessdate=23 January 2022|publisher=www.cnbcafrica.com|date=22 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=University of Aberdeen|title=Thank you for contributing to the Covid-19 effort|url=https://www.abdn.ac.uk/staffnet/news/14002/?dm_i=5EH4%2C76QF%2C2MQH45%2CRR1F%2C1&amp;fbclid=IwAR32S_PHV9NqxvJ24VKAKvAyGW3Zz_kRB2nChU5UqiuOtToKl-JdIHilDg4|accessdate=20 January 2022|publisher=www.abdn.ac.uk}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=News Central Africa|title=COVID-19 Vaccine and What Africans Should Know – Dr Imoesi|url=https://newscentral.africa/2021/01/13/covid-19-and-what-africans-should-know-dr-imoesi/|accessdate=10 January 2022|publisher=newscentral.africa|archive-date=23 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220123224113/https://newscentral.africa/2021/01/13/covid-19-and-what-africans-should-know-dr-imoesi/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; gara n'ihu na-akụziri ọha na eze ihe gbasara Ịgba ọgwụ mgbochi COVID-19 na isiokwu ndị ọzọ metụtara ahụike site na ndụmọdụ maka ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi ndị isi Africa na Africa na Naịjirịa.

== Akụkọ ndụ ==

=== Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ ===
A mụrụ Imoesi na Auchi, Edo steeti, Naịjirịa, ebe nna ya Sir Peter Idinokhia Imoesi, na nne ya Eunice Imoesi bụ ndị nkụzi a ma ama n'obodo ya na [[Ȯra Edo|Edo Steeti]]. Imoesi gụrụ akwụkwọ na Okpodu Primary School, Ayogwiri, Auchi Edo State; na agụmakwụkwọ sekọndrị ya na [[Ikeja]] High School na Ebenezer Comprehensive High School, Lagos State. Ọ nwetara BSc. ya. Biochemistry site na Mahadum Ambrose Alli, Nigeria. Ọ bịarutere [[Obodoézè Nà Ofú|United Kingdom]] na 2012 iji kwalite ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ ya ebe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Distinction na Molecular Biology MSc na Mahadum Hertfordshire, England. Ọ nwetara PhD ya na Translational Neuroscience site na Mahadum Aberdeen ebe o gosipụtara na hypothalamus nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ dị mkpa na Vitamin A homeostasis, echiche ọhụrụ nke a na-atụlebeghị na mbụ. O mekwara nchọpụta ọhụrụ na ibelata ọrụ nke protein na-ejikọta retinol 4 (Rbp4) na nucleus arcuate nke òké, nwere ike ịgbanwe mgbanwe na ịdị arọ nke ahụ na nri. &lt;ref name=&quot;Imoesi2019&quot;/&gt; bụ ọkachamara na ọrịa Neurodegenerative, Nchọpụta ọgwụ, ọmụmụ oke ibu na njikwa nke hypothalamus, Biomolecule Homeostasis dịka vitamin A homeostasis.

== Ọrụ ==
A họpụtara Imoesi na ngalaba na ngalaba sayensị kemịkal, Mahadum Samuel Adegboyega. Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onye nhazi nyocha mmemme maka ngalaba Biochemistry site na 2014 ruo 2016. N'oge ahụ, a họpụtakwara ya dịka osote onyeisi oche, nyocha usoro mmụta nke Ngalaba Biochemistry na onye otu Editorial Board; College of Basic and Applied Sciences Journal na ndị ọzọ.   &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2023)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;]]''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

Imoesi na-adụ ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ na òtù ndị na-abụghị nke gọọmentị na Naijiria na karịa na COVID-19 na isiokwu ndị ọzọ metụtara ahụike. O biputara nyocha banyere usoro nyocha kachasị dị irè, ọkachasị maka kọntinent Afrịka.   Imoesi &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=STEM Ambassador 15 hours of engagement 2020/2021 was issued by STEM Learning to Peter Imoesi.|url=https://www.credly.com/badges/3517ec72-e1e7-400a-884b-22518999dfd5|accessdate=2022-04-05|work=Credly|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; onye nnọchi anya [[STIM|STEM]] ugbu a, North of Scotland, United Kingdom ebe ọ na-akụziri ụmụaka ụlọ akwụkwọ banyere mkpa dị ngwa iji mụọ STEM ma chụsoo ọrụ STEM.

Ugbu a, Imoesi bụ onye nyocha na School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Mahadum Aberdeen. Ọ na-eme nnyocha banyere ọrịa neurodegenerative dịka ọrịa Alzheimer; na nnyocha ya na-elekwasị anya na ntọhapụ glutamate na synapse nke ụdị òké Tau transgenic nke na-eṅomi otu ọrịa ahụike ahụike dịka nke ọrịa Alzheimer na Frontotemporal Dementia. Ọ na-etinye aka na nkuzi na nkuzi nke ụmụ akwụkwọ ahụike na Biomedical na School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Mahadum Aberdeen.

Ọ bụ onye na-enye onyinye ahụike maka ọtụtụ ọwa akụkọ gụnyere CBN Africa, Channels, AIT, TVC, News Central Africa, Galaxy TV.   &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2023)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;]]''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

== Nkwado ==

=== Onyinye ===
 

* 2016-2019 - Elphinstone PhD Scholarship Award, Mahadum Aberdeen.   &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2022)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;]]''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;
* 2018 - The Sir Richard Stapley Education Trust Fund.
* 2018 - Onyinye Nnyocha Ọrụ Mbido, MRC@Discovery Aberdeen
* 2018 - International Conference Travel Fund - British Society for Neuroendocrinology
* 2017 - Early Career Researcher Travel Grant (BSN).
* 2017 - Sir Richard Stapley Education Trust.

=== Nhọpụta ===

* 2022 - University of Aberdeen Excellence Awards.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nominations 2022 {{!}} Students {{!}} The University of Aberdeen|url=https://www.abdn.ac.uk/students/academic-life/nominations-2022-5928.php?dm_i=5EH4,HOHJ,2MQH45,21U1V,1#panel5932|accessdate=2022-04-05|work=www.abdn.ac.uk}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==

=== Akwụkwọ ===

* {{Cite book|author=Imoesi|first=Peter|url=https://www.drimoesi.com/2007/03/absolute-success-best-seller.html#more|title=Absolute Success|publisher=Identity Shift International.|year=2007|isbn=|location=Lagos, Nigeria|accessdate=2022-04-05}}

=== Isiokwu ===

* {{Cite news|author=Imoesi|first=Peter|date=|title=The Choice of Deploying COVID-19 Vaccine In Nigeria &amp; The Science|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/commentary-the-choice-of-deploying-covid-19-vaccine-in-nigeria-and-the-science/|work=Nigeria Tribune|accessdate=2022-04-05}}
* {{Cite news|author=Imoesi|first=Peter|date=|title=Pool Testing The Best Strategy For Nigeria|url=https://politicsnigeria.com/pool-testing-the-best-strategy-for-nigeria-in-the-fight-against-covid-19/|work=Politics Nigeria|accessdate=2022-04-06|archive-date=2021-12-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211214041924/https://politicsnigeria.com/pool-testing-the-best-strategy-for-nigeria-in-the-fight-against-covid-19/|url-status=dead}}
* {{Cite news|author=Moshood|first=Yusuf|date=|title=Nigeria Should Begin Pool Testing For Covid-19 NeuroScientist|url=https://healthwise.punchng.com/nigeria-should-begin-pool-testing-for-covid-19-neuroscientist/|work=Punch Health Wise|accessdate=2022-04-06}}
* {{Cite news|author=Imoesi|first=Peter|date=|title=Opinion: The choice of deploying Covid-19 vaccine in Nigeria and the Science|url=https://newswirengr.com/2021/01/09/opinion-the-choice-of-deploying-covid-19-vaccine-in-nigeria-and-the-science/|work=News Wire NGR|accessdate=2022-04-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406110124/https://newswirengr.com/2021/01/09/opinion-the-choice-of-deploying-covid-19-vaccine-in-nigeria-and-the-science/|archive-date=2022-04-06|url-status=dead}}
* {{Cite news|author=Imoesi|first=Peter|date=|title=Covid-19 and the peculiarity of Nigeria|url=https://www.pulse.ng/news/local/covid-19-and-the-peculiarity-of-nigeria/d1xbdf7|work=Pulse.ng|accessdate=2022-04-06}}
* {{Cite news|author=Imoesi|first=Peter|date=|title=Addressing COVID-19 stigmatization in Nigeria|url=https://www.pulse.ng/news/local/addressing-covid-19-stigmatisation-in-nigeria/y67wejd|work=Pulse.ng|accessdate=2022-04-06}}
* {{Cite news|author=Imoesi|first=Peter|date=|title=Addressing COVID-19 stigmatization in Nigeria|url=https://newswirengr.com/2020/06/17/addressing-covid-19-stigmatisation-in-nigeria/?fbclid=IwAR2D62w2RUFkdKaJZiBuEF5atXNxeZ5shgekShN24T4aY8wUJQM9UTedxEs|work=NewswireNGR|accessdate=2022-04-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406103524/https://newswirengr.com/2020/06/17/addressing-covid-19-stigmatisation-in-nigeria/?fbclid=IwAR2D62w2RUFkdKaJZiBuEF5atXNxeZ5shgekShN24T4aY8wUJQM9UTedxEs|archive-date=2022-04-06|url-status=dead}}
* {{Cite news|author=Imoesi|first=Peter|date=|title=Nigeria need to develop a different model to tackle the spread of Covid-19|url=https://newswirengr.com/2020/04/11/nigeria-needs-to-develop-a-different-model-to-tackle-the-spread-of-covid-19-peter-imoesi/?fbclid=IwAR2EdVJcWcv3Bbswykn7abgH2RnCAwHBqW7vovTAGdMChmWPkmA_zMdCyPc|work=NewswireNGR|accessdate=2022-04-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105071930/https://newswirengr.com/2020/04/11/nigeria-needs-to-develop-a-different-model-to-tackle-the-spread-of-covid-19-peter-imoesi/?fbclid=IwAR2EdVJcWcv3Bbswykn7abgH2RnCAwHBqW7vovTAGdMChmWPkmA_zMdCyPc|archive-date=2023-11-05|url-status=dead}}
* {{Cite news|author=Imoesi|first=Peter|date=|title=The Choice and the Science of deploying COVID-19 vaccines in Nigeria|url=https://newswirengr.com/2021/01/25/the-choice-and-the-science-of-deploying-covid-19-vaccines-in-nigeria/|work=NewswireNGR|accessdate=2022-04-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226122529/https://newswirengr.com/2021/01/25/the-choice-and-the-science-of-deploying-covid-19-vaccines-in-nigeria/|archive-date=2021-02-26|url-status=dead}}

== Ihe odide ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [https://www.abdn.ac.uk/staffnet/news/14002/?dm_i=5EH4%2C76QF%2C2MQH45%2CRR1F%2C1&amp;fbclid=IwAR32S_PHV9NqxvJ24VKAKvAyGW3Zz_kRB2nChU5UqiuOtToKl-JdIHilDg4 Ekele maka inye aka na mbọ COVID-19] Mahadum Aberdeen
* Explorathon - Dr Peter Imoesi na Mahadum nke Aberdeen institute nke sayensị ahụike njem
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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      <text bytes="1332" sha1="dlptl7m1fe3w1pplfqcxnjr8f5eurys" xml:space="preserve">'''Net radiometer''' bụ ụdị actinometer eji tụọ ụzarị ụgbụ (NR) n'elu ụwa maka ngwa meteorological.  Aha net radiometer na-egosipụta eziokwu na ọ na-atụle ọdịiche dị n'etiti radieshon ala/na-abata na elu/ pụta site na Ụwa.  A na-ejikarị ya eme ihe na ngalaba nke ecophysiology.
[[Usòrò:Hukseflux_netto_radiometer_nr01_photo.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|400x400px|4-component net radiometer na-egosi isi ihe ndị mejupụtara ngwá ọrụ ahụ: 2 pyranometers (nke nwere dome, otu a na-ahụ anya n'aka nri na-eche ihu n'elu na nke abụọ n'aka aka nri na-ele anya n'okpuru kpuchiri ya site na ọta radiation ọcha n'elu ya) na 2 pyrgeometers (windo dị larịị, ọzọ otu a na'elu) na otu gbara ọchịchịrị (na-eche ihu). Dimensions: dayameta nke pyranometer dome bụ 20 mm.]]

== Hụkwa ==

* radiometer
* pyranometer
* pyrgeometer
* irradiance
* [http://www.meteo-technology.com/solar.htm Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke Meteo-Technology]

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Nkọwapụta, eserese na foto site na Hukseflux Thermal Sensors, [http://www.hukseflux.com www.Hukseflux.com]
* Nkọwapụta site na Delta OHM [https://web.archive.org/web/20231215232044/https://www.deltaohm.com/ www.deltaohm.com]
* [http://www.kippzonen.com www.kippzonen.com]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Oge elekere nke mbara igwe</title>
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      <text bytes="53713" sha1="pr8lmdoh1kakp8zil8i09lxkcge28um" xml:space="preserve">[[Usòrò:Czech-2013-Prague-Astronomical_clock_face.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Ihu elekere mbara igwe nke Prague, na Old Town SquareObodo Ochie]]
Oge '''elekere''' nke mbara igwe, elekere, ma ọ bụ '''orloj''' bụ elekere nwere usoro pụrụ iche na dials iji gosipụta ozi gbasara mbara igwe, dị ka ọnọdụ nke Anyanwụ, [[Ọnwa]], [[Ìgwè kpakpando]] [[Zodiac|zodiacal]], na mgbe ụfọdụ nnukwu [[mbara ala]].
[[Usòrò:Astrario_Dondi_05869_01_dia_-_Museo_scienza_e_tecnologia_Milano.jpg|thumb|astrarium nke onye Italy na-enyocha mbara igwe na onye dọkịta Giovanni Dondi dell'Orologio mere gosipụtara awa, kalenda kwa afọ, na ngagharị nke mbara ala, Anyanwụ na Ọnwa.&lt;br /&gt;Nrụzigharị nke oge a na Museo Nazionale Scienza e Tecnologia Leonardo da Vinci, Milan, Ịtali; ọ dị ihe dị ka mita atọ n'ịdị elu.]]
A na eji okwu ahụ eme ihe iji zoo aka na elekere ọ bụla nke na egosi, na mgbakwunye na oge nke ụbọchị, ozi gbasara mbara igwe. Nke a nwere ike ịgụnye ọnọdụ nke Anyanwụ na Ọnwa n'eluigwe, afọ na usoro ọnwa, ọnọdụ nke Aanyanwụ na akara zodiac dị ugbu a, oge sidereal, na data ndị ọzọ dị ka akara ọnwa maka igosi eclipses), ma ọ bụ map kpakpando na agbagharị agbagharị. E kwesịghị ịgbagwoju okwu ahụ anya na ''onye na achịkwa mbara igwe'', elekere dị elu ma ọ bụghị ya, elekere pendulum nkịtị nke a na eji na ụlọ nyocha.

Oge elekere ndị na enyocha mbara igwe na anọchite anya Usoro anyanwụ site na iji ihe nlereanya geocentric. A na ejikarị diski ma ọ bụ okirikiri na anọchite anya ụwa, nke dị n'etiti usoro anyanwụ, akara n'etiti etiti nke akara ahụ. A na anọchite anya anyanwụ site na okirikiri ọla edo (dị ka ọ pụtara na mbụ na [[Usoro Antikythera]], laa azụ na narị afọ nke abụọ BC), gosipụtara na ọ na agba gburugburu ụwa otu ugboro n'ụbọchị gburugburu awa iri abụọ na anọ. Echiche a kwekọrọ na ahụmịhe kwa ụbọchị na echiche ụwa nke Europe tupu oge Copernican.

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
 
[[Usòrò:Louis_de_Bruges_in_front_of_an_astronomical_clock_Henri_Suso,_Horloge_de_Sapience_1470-1480.jpg|thumb|Onye na elekọta ụlọ na onye na ahụ maka akwụkwọ Louis nke Gruuthuse n'ihu elekere mbara igwe. Henri Suso, elekere nke Sapience, 1470-1480]]
[[Usoro Antikythera]] bụ kọmputa analog kachasị ochie a maara na onye bu ụzọ na elekere mbara igwe. Ndokwa &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Freeth|first=Tony|date=2021-03-12|title=A Model of the Cosmos in the ancient Greek Antikythera Mechanism|journal=Scientific Reports|language=en|volume=11|issue=1|pages=5821|doi=10.1038/s41598-021-84310-w|pmid=33712674|issn=2045-2322}}&lt;/ref&gt; mgbagwoju anya nke ọtụtụ gears na gear trains nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ dịka ịchọpụta ọnọdụ nke anyanwụ, [[ọnwa]] na [[mbara ala]], ịkọ ọdịda anyanwụ na ihe ndị ọzọ na eme na mbara igwe na ịchọpụta ụbọchị nke [[Egwuregwu Olympic|Egwuregwu Olimpik]]. Nnyocha &lt;ref&gt;PBS (2013). [https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/ancient/ancient-computer.html ''NOVA'': &quot;Ancient Computer&quot;]. Retrieved 4 April 2013.&lt;/ref&gt; 2011 na 2012 mere ka otu ndị ọkachamara na eme nchọpụta kwuo na elekere mbara igwe nke Europe sitere na teknụzụ nke usoro Antikythera.

Na narị afọ nke iri na otu, onye China na ahụ maka elekere, onye injinia na ahụ Maka igwe, na onye na ahụ banyere mbara igwe Su Song mepụtara elekere igwe nke mmiri na eduzi maka ụlọ elu elekere ya nke Kaifeng City. A maara Su Song maka itinye usoro mgbapụ na nke mbụ a maara na enweghị njedebe na enyefe ike maka ụlọ elu elekere ya na armillary sphere iji rụọ ọrụ. Ndị Alakụba na enyocha mbara igwe na ndị injinia nke oge a rụkwara ọtụtụ elekere dị iche iche ziri ezi maka iji ya mee ihe na ụlọ nyocha ha,  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZDejQaioG00C&amp;pg=PA47|title=Early Orientalism|isbn=9781136578915|author=Kalmar|first=Ivan|date=17 June 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;  dị ka elekere [[Astrolabe|astrolabic]] nke Ibn al-Shatir na mmalite narị afọ nke iri na anọ. &lt;ref&gt;David A. King (1983). &quot;The Astronomy of the Mamluks&quot;, ''[[Isis (journal)|Isis]]'' '''74''' (4), p. 531-555 [545–546].&lt;/ref&gt; 

A ghọtachaghị mmepe mbụ nke elekere igwe na Europe, mana enwere nkwekọrịta zuru oke na site na 1300-1330 enwere elekere igwe (nke arọ na enye ike karịa mmiri na iji mgbapụ) nke e bu n'uche maka ebumnuche abụọ: maka mgbaàmà na ọkwa (dịka oge nke ọrụ na ihe omume ọha na eze), na maka ịkpụzi usoro anyanwụ. Nke ikpeazụ bụ mmepe a na apụghị izere ezere n'ihi na ndị na enyocha mbara igwe na ndị na'agụ kpakpando jiri [[astrolabe]] mee ihe, ọ bụkwa ihe dị otú o kwesịrị itinye elekere elekere na plate na agbagharị iji mepụta ihe nlereanya na arụ ọrụ nke usoro anyanwụ. Onye America na akọ akụkọ ihe mere eme Lynn White Jr. nke Mahadum Princeton dere, sị: &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=White|first=Lynn Jr.|title=Medieval Technology and Social Change|year=1966|publisher=Oxford Press}}, p.122-123&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot; heights=&quot;200px&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left&quot;&gt;
Usòrò:Planetarium_2000.jpg|alt=Christiaan van der Klaauw [nl]Planetarium 2000|''Christiaan van der Klaauw[nl]Planetarium 2000&lt;br /&gt;''
Usòrò:Ulysse-Nardin_MG_2565.jpg|alt=Ulysse Nardin Astrolabium Galileo Galilei|Ulysse Nardin__ibo____ibo____ibo__ Ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ''Astrolabium Galileo Galilei''
Usòrò:Cosmosign.jpg|alt=Citizen Cosmosign|''Ihe Omume Obodo''
Usòrò:Moonsign.JPG|alt=Citizen Moonsign|''Ihe ịrịba ọnwa ama nke nwa amaala''
&lt;/gallery&gt;Oge elekere mbara igwe nke onye England na eme mgbakọ na mwepụ na onye ụkọchukwu Richard nke Wallingford mepụtara na St Albans n'oge 1330s, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Whyte|first=Nicholas|title=The Astronomical Clock of Richard of Wallingford|publisher=personal website|url=http://www.nicholaswhyte.info/row.htm|accessdate=24 April 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080504082935/http://www.nicholaswhyte.info/row.htm|archivedate=4 May 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt; na nke onye dọkịta na onye na enyocha mbara igwe nke oge ochie nke [[Italy|Ịtali]] Giovanni Dondi dell&quot;Orologio mepụtara na Padua n'etiti 1348 na 1364 &lt;ref name=&quot;Astrarium&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Burnett-Stuart|first=George|title=De Dondi's Astrarium|work=Almagest|publisher=Computastat Group Ltd.|url=http://www.almagest.co.uk/middle/astrar.htm|accessdate=21 April 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080530194815/http://www.almagest.co.uk/middle/astrar.htm|archivedate=30 May 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt; bụ ọrụ nka nke ụdị ha. Ha adịghịzi adị, mana nkọwa zuru ezu nke imewe na owuwu ha ka dị, a rụpụtakwara ya n'oge a. oge elekere Wallingford nwere ike igosi anyanwụ, ọnwa (afọ, oge, na node), kpakpando na mbara ala, ma nwee, na mgbakwunye, wiil nke ihu ọma na ihe na egosi ọnọdụ nke eriri mmiri na London Bridge. Oge elekere &lt;ref name=&quot;Astrarium&quot; /&gt; Dondi bụ ihe owuwu nwere ihu asaa nwere akụkụ 107 na agagharị agagharị, na egosi ọnọdụ anyanwụ, ọnwa, na mbara ala ise, yana ụbọchị oriri okpukpe.

Ma elekere ndị a, na ndị ọzọ dị ka ha, nwere ike ịbụ ndị na ezighị ezi karịa ka ndị na emepụta ha ga achọ. O nwere ike ịbụ na a gbakọrọ ọnụ ọgụgụ gear nke ọma, mana mmepụta ha karịrị ikike igwe nke oge ahụ, ha anaghị arụkwa ọrụ n'ụzọ a pụrụ ịdabere na ya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Mechanism for a bell tower clock with verge escapement and foliot|url=https://mostre.museogalileo.it/motoperpetuo/en/after-leonardo/between-uncertainty-and-fraud/mechanism-for-a-bell-tower-clock-with-verge-escapement-and-foliot.html|accessdate=2022-11-08|work=mostre.museogalileo.it}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Verge and Foliot Escapement|url=https://digital.library.cornell.edu/catalog/ss:29272029|accessdate=2022-11-08|work=digital.library.cornell.edu|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;, n'adịghị ka ọrụ ụkwụ dị mgbagwoju anya, usoro idebe oge n'ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ elekere ndị a niile ruo na narị afọ nke iri na isii bụ ụzọ dị mfe na follet escapement, nke nwere njehie nke ọ dịkarịa ala ọkara awa n'ụbọchị.

E wuru elekere ndị na enyocha mbara igwe dị ka ihe ngosi ma ọ bụ ihe ngosi, iji mee ka ọ dịkwuo mma ma ọ bụ mee ka ọ mara. Ihe ịma aka nke iwu ihe ndị a magburu onwe ha pụtara na ndị na eme elekere ga anọgide na emepụta ha, iji gosipụta nkà na ụzụ ha na akụ na ụba ndị na akwado ha. Ozi nkà ihe ọmụma nke eluigwe na ala a haziri ahazi, nke kwekọrọ n'echiche Gothic nke ụwa, na enyere aka ịkọwa ewu ewu ha.

Mmasị na arịwanye elu na nkà mmụta mbara igwe n'oge narị afọ nke iri na asatọ mere ka mmasị na elekere mbara igwe, obere maka ozi nkà ihe ọmụma, maka ozi ziri ezi nke mbara igwe nke elekere ndị na achịkwa pendulum nwere ike igosi.

== Nkọwa zuru oke ==
&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Burnett-Stuart|first=George|title=Astronomical Clocks of the Middle Ages: A guided tour|work=Almagest|publisher=Computastat Group, Ltd.|url=http://www.almagest.co.uk/middle/astclk.htm|accessdate=24 April 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080402123301/http://www.almagest.co.uk/middle/astclk.htm|archivedate=2 April 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt; bụ ezie na elekere nke ọ bụla dị iche, ha nwere ihe ụfọdụ yiri ya.

=== Oge nke ụbọchị ===
[[Usòrò:Astroclock-24hourdial.svg|thumb|Otu esi akọwa dial analog nke awa 24.]]
[[Usòrò:Astroclock-stereographic.png|thumb|Ihe ngosi stereographic sitere na North Pole.]]
Ọtụtụ elekere ndị na ahụ maka mbara igwe nwere elekere iri abụọ na anọ na-agba gburugburu ọnụ ọnụ, nke a na ede nọmba site na I ruo XII wee si na I ruo na XII ọzọ. A na egosi oge dị ugbu a site na bọọlụ ọla edo ma ọ bụ foto nke anyanwụ na njedebe nke ihe ngosi. Oge ehihie dị n'ógbè ahụ na abụkarị n'elu akara, na etiti abalị na ala. A naghị eji aka nkeji eme ihe.

Ihe ngosi anyanwụ ma ọ bụ aka na enye ihe ngosi nke ma Azimut na ịdị elu nke anyanwụ. Maka azimuth (na ebu site n'ebe ugwu), elu nke akara ahụ na egosi South, na isi VI abụọ nke akara East na West. Maka ịdị elu, elu bụ zenith na isi abụọ VI na VI na akọwa horizon.  (Nke a bụ maka elekere ndị na enyocha mbara igwe e mere maka iji ya mee ihe na mpaghara ugwu.) Nkọwa a ziri ezi na equinoxes, n'ezie.

Na foto nke elekere Prague nke egosiri n'elu isiokwu ahụ, oge nke aka anyanwụ gosipụtara bụ ihe dịka 9am (IX na nọmba ndị Rom), ma ọ bụ ihe dịka awa nke 13 (oge Italian na nọmba Arabic).

A na anọchite anya afọ ahụ site na akara iri na abụọ nke [[zodiac]], nke a haziri ma ọ bụ dị ka okirikiri dị n'ime elekere iri abụọ na anọ, ma ọ bụ dọrọ ya na obere okirikiri, nke bụ ngosipụta nke [[ecliptic]], ụzọ anyanwụ na mbara ala gafere igwe, na mbara igwe nke ụwa.

A na atụle ụgbọ elu ecliptic n'ihu elekere ahụ, ma, n'ihi akụkụ ntụgharị nke ụwa na agbadata na mbara igwe ya, a na ewepụ ya n'etiti ma yie ka ọ gbagọrọ agbagọ. Ebe a na atụle Ihe ngosi stereographic bụ North pole; na [[Astrolabe|astrolabes]] South pole bụ ihe a na ahụkarị.

Ihe ngosi ecliptic na eme otu ntụgharị zuru oke n'ime awa 23 na nkeji 56 (ụbọchị sidereal), ya mere ọ ga eji nwayọọ nwayọọ pụọ na oge na aka awa, jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ na aga n'ihu n'afọ.

Iji chọta ụbọchị, chọta ebe aka awa ma ọ bụ diski anyanwụ na agafe akara ecliptic: nke a na egosi akara kpakpando dị ugbu a, ebe anyanwụ dị ugbu a na ecliptic. Ebe nkwonkwo ahụ ji nwayọọ nwayọọ na agagharị gburugburu akara ecliptic n'ime afọ, ka Anyanwụ na esi n'otu akara kpakpando gaa na nke ọzọ.

Na eserese na egosi ihu elekere dị n'aka nri, diski anyanwụ agafeela n'ime Aries (mpi ebule), ebe ọ hapụrụ Pisces. Ya mere, ụbọchị ahụ bụ ngwụcha Machị ma ọ bụ mmalite Eprel.

Ọ bụrụ na akara zodiac na agba gburugburu n'ime aka awa, ma ọ bụ mgbaaka a na agbagharị iji kwekọọ na aka awa, ọ bụ aka ọzọ, na agba ọsọ otu ugboro n'afọ, nke na ezo aka na akara zodia nke Anyanwụ ugbu a.

=== Ọnwa ===
Mgbaaka ma ọ bụ mgbaaka na egosi nọmba 1 ruo 29 ma ọ bụ 30 na egosi afọ ọnwa: ọnwa ọhụrụ bụ 0, waxes na ejupụta n'ihe dị ka ụbọchị 15, wee belata ruo 29 maọbụ 30. A na egosi oge ahụ mgbe ụfọdụ site na ụwa na agbagharị ma ọ bụ hemisphere ojii, ma ọ bụ windo nke na ekpughe akụkụ nke ọdịdị ojii na agba gburugburu n'okpuru.

=== Akara awa ===

=== Akụkụ ya ===
Ndị na agụ kpakpando tinyere ihe dị mkpa n'otú e si hazie anyanwụ, ọnwa, na mbara ala ma dozie ha n'eluigwe. Ọ bụrụ na mbara ala ụfọdụ pụtara n'akụkụ triangle, hexagon, ma ọ bụ square, ma ọ bụrụ na ha na emegide ma ọ bụ na esote ibe ha, a na eji akụkụ kwesịrị ekwesị iji chọpụta ihe omume ahụ pụtara. Na elekere ụfọdụ ị nwere ike ịhụ akụkụ ndị a na ahụkarị - triangle, square, na hexagon - nke e sere n'ime diski etiti, na akara ọ bụla nke akara maka akụkụ ahụ, ị nwekwara ike ịhụ ihe ịrịba ama maka njikọ na mmegide. Na [[astrolabe]], enwere ike ịhazi akụkụ dị iche iche na mbara ala ọ bụla. Otú ọ dị, na elekere, diski nwere akụkụ ahụ enweghị ike ịtụgharị na uche, yabụ ha na egosipụtakarị naanị akụkụ nke Anyanwụ ma ọ bụ Ọnwa.

Na Torre dell'Orologio, elekere Brescia dị n'ebe ugwu Ịtali, triangle, square, na kpakpando dị n'etiti akara ngosi ahụ na egosi akụkụ ndị a (nke atọ, nke anọ, na nke isii) nke (ma eleghị anya) ọnwa.

=== Aka &quot;Dragon&quot;: amụma chi jiri n'ehihie na n'akụkụ ọnwa ===
Ọnwa anaghị anọ n'otu mbara ala ahụ dị ka ụwa na agba anyanwụ gburugburu mana ọ na agafe ya n'ebe abụọ. Ọnwa na agafe ụgbọ elu ecliptic ugboro abụọ n'ọnwa, otu ugboro mgbe ọ na arịgo n'elu ụgbọelu ahụ, na ọzọ ụbọchị 15 ma ọ bụ karịa mgbe ọ na'okpuru ecliptic. Ebe abụọ a bụ ebe ndị na arịgo na ndị na agbadata ọnwa. Ikpuchi anyanwụ na ọnwa ga eme naanị mgbe ọnwa dị nso n'otu n'ime nodes ndị a n'ihi na n'oge ndị ọzọ ọnwa dị elu ma ọ bụ dị ala nke ukwuu ka a ghara ịhụ chi jiri n'ehihie n'ụwa.

Ụfọdụ elekere ndị na enyocha mbara igwe na edekọ ọnọdụ nke ọnwa na ogologo pointer nke na agafe dial, na ogologo ya gbatịrị n'akụkụ abụọ nke dial iji gosipụta ebe abụọ dị iche na anyanwụ ma ọ bụ lunar dial. Aka a na akpọ &quot;dragọn&quot; na eme otu ntụgharị zuru oke gburugburu akara ecliptic ọ bụla afọ iri na itoolu. &amp;nbsp;A na Agha ya mma mgbe ụfọdụ na onyinyo nke agwọ ma ọ bụ ezé (Grik: drakon) na ọnụ ya na ọdụ ya na emetụ aka n'èzí, nke a na akpọ Latin: &quot;caput draconam&quot; na Latin: &quot;cauda draconam' ọbụlagodi na a hapụrụ dragọn ahụ (ekwesịghị ịgbagwoju anya na aha yiri nke ngalaba abụọ nke ìgwè kpakpando Serpens).

N'oge Oge chi jiri n'ehihie n'afọ abụọ, akara anyanwụ na adaba ma ọ bụ ọnụ ma ọ bụ ọdụ dragọn. Mgbe aka dragọn na ọnwa zuru ezu kwekọrọ, ọnwa dị n'otu mbara ala ahụ dị ka Ụwa na Anyanwụ, ya mere enwere ezigbo ohere na a ga ahụ chi jiri n'ehihie n'otu akụkụ nke Ụwa. Mgbe ọnwa ọhụrụ na aka dragọn ahụ jikọtara, enwere ohere dị mma na chi jiri n'ehihie nwere ike ịhụ n'ebe ọ bụla n'ụwa.

=== Injin Cosmic nke Su Song ===
Ebe ngosi nka sayensị (London) nwere ihe nlereanya nke 'Cosmic Engine', nke Su Song, onye China polymath, mepụtara ma wuo na China na 1092. Nnukwu ụlọ elu elekere hydromechanical a dị ihe dị ka mita iri n'ịdị elu (ihe dị ka ụkwụ 30) ma gosipụta mgbapụ elekere ma jiri wiil na agbagharị ma ọ bụ mmiri na ada na mmiri mercury, nke na-ajụ oyi na okpomọkụ dị ala karịa mmiri, na enye ohere ịrụ ọrụ elekere n'oge ihu igwe oyi. E nwere ihe yiri elekere Su Song nke zuru oke na Republic of China (Taiwan) 's National Museum of Natural Science, obodo Taichung. Ihe oyiyi &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.nmns.edu.tw/nmns_eng/04exhibit/permanent/tower.htm|title=National Museum of Natural Science -&gt; Exhibition -&gt; Permanent Exhibits|work=nmns.edu.tw|accessdate=9 October 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224052953/http://www.nmns.edu.tw/nmns_eng/04exhibit/permanent/tower.htm|archivedate=24 February 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; zuru oke, nke na arụ ọrụ nke ọma, ihe dịka mita 12 (39 ụkwụ) n'ịdị elu, e wuru ya site na nkọwa mbụ nke Su Song na eserese igwe.

=== Astrarium nke Giovanni Dondi dell'Orologio ===
[[Giovanni Dondi dell'Orologio]]&quot;&gt;Astrarium nke Giovanni Dondi dell'Orologio bụ elekere dị mgbagwoju anya nke kpakpando rụrụ n'etiti 1348 na 1364 na Padova, Ịtali, site n'aka dọkịta na onye na eme elekere Giovanni Dondi della'Orologío. Astrarium nwere ihu asaa na 107 na agagharị agagharị; ọ gosipụtara ọnọdụ nke anyanwụ, ọnwa na mbara ala ise a maara mgbe ahụ, yana ụbọchị oriri okpukpe. Astrarium ahụ dị ihe dị ka mita 1 n'ịdị elu, ma nwee akụkụ asaa nke ọla ma ọ bụ ígwè na adabere na ụkwụ 7 dị ka mkpịsị ụkwụ. Akụkụ dị n'okpuru nyere akara awa 24 na nnukwu ịgbà kalenda, na egosi ememe ndị a na eme na chọọchị, ememe ndị na agagharị agagharị, na ọnọdụ na zodiac nke ọnwa na arịgo. Akụkụ dị n'elu nwere dials 7, nke ọ bụla dị ihe dị ka sentimita 30 n'obosara, na egosi data ọnọdụ maka Primum Mobile, Venus, Mercury, ọnwa, Saturn, Jupiter, na Mars. &amp;nbsp;N'elu akara awa iri abụọ na anọ bụ akara nke Primum Mobile, nke a na akpọ ya n'ihi na ọ na emegharị mmegharị nke kpakpando na mmegharị nke anyanwụ kwa afọ na ndabere nke kpakpadas. Nke ọ bụla n'ime 'planetary' dials jiri elekere dị mgbagwoju anya mepụta ihe nlereanya ziri ezi nke mmegharị mbara ala. Ndị a kwekọrịtara nke ọma ma na echiche Ptolemaic ma na nchọpụta. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, akara Dondi maka Mercury na eji ọtụtụ ụkwụ dị n'etiti, gụnyere: wiil nwere ezé 146, na wiil nwere ezere 63 n'ime (na eche ihu n'ime) nke nwere ezé ezé 20.

== Oge elekere dị n'ime ==

=== Oge elekere Rasmus Sørnes ===
[[Usòrò:RasmusSornesClock.jpg|thumb|Oge elekere Rasmus Sørnes.]]
O doro anya na ọ bụ ihe mgbagwoju anya nke ụdị ya e wuru, nke ikpeazụ n'ime ngụkọta nke elekere anọ nke mbara igwe nke onye [[Norway]] Rasmus Sørnes (1893-1967), mepụtara ma mee, a na akọwa ya site na mgbagwoju ya dị elu nke dị n'ime mkpuchi nke nwere nha dị ala nke 0.70 x 0.60 x 2.10 m. Ihe ndị a gụnyere ebe anyanwụ na ọnwa na ọnwa na agbanyeghi oge ecliporian, oge okirikiri ụwa, oge okpomọkụ, oge okike okirikiri okirikiri, oge okpokoro anyanwụ, oge okpuru ala, oge okorobịa okirikiri nke okirikiri 800 A na eji ọla kọpa na ọla edo kpuchie ụkwụ niile. A na etinye ọlaọcha na dials. Oge elekere ahụ nwere pendulum electromechanical.

Sørnes mekwara ngwá ọrụ ndị dị mkpa ma dabere ọrụ ya na nchọpụta nke ya. Ebe egosiri ya na Time Museum na Rockford, Illinois (ebe ọ bụ na emechiri ya), na Chicago Museum of Science and Industry, e rere elekere ahụ na 2002 ma amabeghị ebe ọ dị ugbu a. A na egosipụta elekere Rasmus Sørnes Astronomical Clock No. 3, ihe bu ụzọ na elekere Chicago, ngwaọrụ ya, ikike ikike, eserese, onyokomita, na ihe ndị ọzọ na Borgarsyssel Museum na Sarpsborg, Norway.

=== Oge elekere tebụl ===
Ka ọ dị ugbu a, Edmund Scientific n'etiti ndị na-ere ahịa ndị ọzọ na enye elekere Tellurium, ikekwe elekere igwe nke mbụ a ga ere n'ìgwè.

Na [[Japan]], Tanaka Hisashige mere elekere afọ Myriad na 1851.&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot; heights=&quot;200px&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left&quot;&gt;
Usòrò:Riga_-_House_of_the_Blackheads_-_Astronomical_clock.jpg|alt=Rebuilt clock on the House of the Blackheads (Riga)|Oge elekere na wughachiri n'Ụlọ Blackheads (Riga)__ibo____ibo____ibo__ Ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ
&lt;/gallery&gt;

=== Ihe nche ===
N'oge na adịbeghị anya, onye na eme elekere n'onwe ya bụ Christiaan van der Klaauw [nl] mepụtara astrolabe aka, &quot;Astrolabium&quot; na mgbakwunye na &quot;Planetarium 2000&quot;, &quot;Eclipse 2001&quot; na &quot;Real Moon&quot;. Ulysse Nardin na erekwa ọtụtụ elekere aka, &quot; Astrolabium,&quot; &quot;Planetorium&quot;, na &quot;Tellurium J. Kepler&quot;.&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot; heights=&quot;200px&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left&quot;&gt;
Usòrò:Großmeisterpalast_Valletta_Astronomische_Uhr.jpg|alt=Grandmaster's Palace, Valletta|Obí Eze Ukwu, Valletta
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Ihe atụ site na mba ==

=== Austria ===

* Innsbruck Oge elekere mbara igwe dị na gable nke 17-19 Maria-Theresien-Strasse bụ nke narị afọ nke 20 nke elekere mbara ala nke Ulm Rathaus . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.patrimoine-horloge.fr/as-innsbruck.html|work=patrimoine-horloge.fr|title=Innsbruck (Autriche)|accessdate=10 March 2020|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Peuerbach &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.peuerbach.at/Astrolabiumuhr|work=peuerbach.at|title=Astrolabiumuhr|accessdate=15 March 2020|language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt; ụlọ nzukọ obodo Peuerbach nwere elekere astrolabe, nke buru ibu nke astrolabe mbụ nke Georg von Peuerbach nke 1457. [1]

=== Belgium ===

* Bern Zytglogge bụ elekere kpakpando a ma ama na narị afọ iri na ise nke dị n'ụlọ elu nke oge ochie.
* Otu elekere nke narị afọ nke iri na isii nke na egosi zodiac na ụbọchị nke izu na mgbanaka dị n'ime elekere elekere iri na abụọ, na bọl nke ọnwa n'elu:
** Bremgarten  elekere nke Spittelturm [de], nke etinyere na 1558.
** Diessenhofen Oge elekere nke Siegelturm, nke etinyere na 1546.
** Mellingen.  elekere nke Zeitturm [de], nke etinyere na 1554.
** &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.patrimoine-horloge.fr/as-schaffhausen.html|work=patrimoine-horloge.fr|title=Schaffhausen (Suisse)|accessdate=9 March 2020|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;[[:de:Joachim Habrecht|nke]]&amp;#x5D;&quot; data-linkid=&quot;675&quot; href=&quot;./Schaffhausen&quot; id=&quot;mwA-k&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Schaffhausen&quot;&gt;Schaffhausen: Oge elekere nke Joachim Habrecht [de] na gable nke Fronwagturm, nke arụnyere na 1564, nwere aka ise, gụnyere ihe ngosi nke ọnọdụ anyanwụ na ọnwa na zodiac, na aka dragọn na egosi akara ọnwa.
* Sion: Oge elekere nke Sion dị n'ụlọ nzukọ obodo ahụ sitere na 1667-68. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.patrimoine-horloge.fr/as-sion.html|work=patrimoine-horloge.fr|title=Sion (Suisse)|accessdate=9 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; rụnyere usoro ya ugbu a na 1902. [1]
* Ịgba chaa chaa &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.patrimoine-horloge.fr/as-solothurn.html|work=patrimoine-horloge.fr|title=Soleure – Solothurn (Suisse)|accessdate=9 March 2020|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;mwA_c&quot; style=&quot;font-size:85%; font-style: normal; &quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;#x5B;[[:de:Lorenz Liechti|nke]]&amp;#x5D; elekere mbara igwe a, nke Lorenz Liechti [de] na Joachim Habrecht [de] tinyere na 1545 iji dochie anya nke mbụ nke 1452, na egosi ọnọdụ nke anyanwụ na ọnwa na zodiac.
* Winterthur A rụnyere elekere kpakpando a na 1529. A kwaturu ụlọ ahụ o nwere n'afọ 1870. Oge elekere ahụ &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.patrimoine-horloge.fr/as-winterthur.html|work=patrimoine-horloge.fr|title=Winterthur (Suisse)|accessdate=9 March 2020|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; ihe ngosi ugbu a na Museum Lindengut . [1]
* Zug: A rụnyere elekere mbara igwe nke Zytturm na 1574. Kalenda ya na egosi zodiac, oge ọnwa, ụbọchị izu na okirikiri afọ.
&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot; heights=&quot;200px&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left&quot;&gt;
Usòrò:AstroClockArnemuiden.jpg|alt=Arnemuiden clock showing high and low water(hoog and laag)|Arnemuidenelekere na-egosi mmiri dị elu na nke dị ala (hoog na va)&lt;br /&gt;
Usòrò:Planetarium_Franeker_(36)_(29621381347).jpg|alt=The Eise Eisinga Planetarium in Franeker|Eise Eisinga Planetarium dị naFraneker
&lt;/gallery&gt;

=== Croatia ===

* Dubrovnik Ụlọ Elu Dubrovnik Bell nke e wuru na 1444 nwere elekere kemgbe e kere ya, ọ bụ ezie na n'ihi mmebi ala ọma jijiji, a gbanwere ụlọ elu ahụ na elekere ahụ na 1929. Bọl ọnwa na-agbagharị na egosi oge ọnwa.
&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot; heights=&quot;200px&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left&quot;&gt;
Usòrò:Astronomical_clock_0910.jpg|alt=Oslo City Hall|Ụlọ Nzukọ Obodo Oslo
&lt;/gallery&gt;

=== Czech Republic ===
&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot; heights=&quot;200px&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left&quot;&gt;
Usòrò:13_Danzig_(36).jpg|Gdańsk
Usòrò:Ratusz3zegar.jpg|alt=Wrocław Town Hall|Ụlọ Nzukọ Obodo Wrocław
&lt;/gallery&gt;

* Prague Oge elekere mbara igwe nke Prague na Old Town Hall bụ otu n'ime elekere ndị a ma ama na mbara igwe. E wuchara akụkụ etiti ya na 1410, a gbakwunyere kalenda kalenda na 1490. A rụzigharịrị elekere ahụ mgbe e mebiri ya n'oge [[World War II|Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ]], na 1979. N'otu awa, Ọnwụ na akụ oge, ndịozi iri na abụọ na apụta n'ọnụ ụzọ n'elu elekere.
* Olomouc Oge elekere mbara igwe nke Olomouc na Town Hall bụ ihe atụ a na adịghị ahụkebe nke elekere mbara ala nke heliocentric. N'ịbụ nke akụkọ ifo dere na 1422, mana nke mbụ a kpọtụrụ aha n'akụkọ ihe mere eme na 1517, a na emezigharị elekere ahụ ihe dịka otu ugboro na narị afọ ọ bụla; na 1898 a gbanwere astrolabe na ihe nlereanya heliocentric nke usoro anyanwụ. N'ịbụ nke ndị agha [[Jémanị|Germany]] na alaghachi azụ mebiri nke ukwuu na 1945, a rụgharịrị elekere ahụ n'ụdị nke ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na 1955, n'okpuru ọchịchị Kọmunist. A na eji ndị na eme egwuregwu, ndị ọrụ, ndị ọrụ ugbo, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị, na ndị ọzọ nọ n'òtù ndị na enweghị ọrụ dochie ndị okpukpe na ndị eze.
* Litomyšl Ụlọ elu nke Old Town Hall nwere elekere mbara igwe nke art nouveau, nke arụnyere na 1907. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|work=Czech Tourism|title=Litomyšl astronomical clock|url=https://www.czechtourism.com/a/litomysl-astronomical-clock/|accessdate=8 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ọ bụ onye amụma. A rụnyere elekere mbara igwe n'ụlọ elu nke New Town Hall na 1910.
* Kryštofovo Údolí. Oge elekere mbara igwe Kryštofovo Údolí bụ elekere mbara ala nke oge a (nke emere na 2008), nke e wuru n'ime ụlọ ọrụ eletrik.
* Hojsova Stráž E meghere elekere na enyocha mbara igwe n'ọhịa Bohemian n'afọ 2017. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Orloj Šumava Hojsova Stráž|url=http://www.orloj-sumava-hojsovastraz.cz/en_GB/|accessdate=24 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; nwere akara ngosi na egosi oge awa 24, ụbọchị na zodiac, na oge ọnwa, na akara ngosi map kpakpando na aka dragọn, ma na egosi mgbe anyanwụ na-apụta na ọdịda anyanwụ.
* Třebíč Na Třebíč Astronomical Observatory, elekere nke oge a nke na egosi oge n'obodo ukwu ụwa, oge ọwụwa anyanwụ na ọdịda anyanwụ, ụbọchị na zodiac, na usoro mbara ala.
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] The Temple &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.zamek-steknik.cz/en/tipy-na-vylet/37221-about-hop-and-beer-temple-in-zatec|work=zamek-steknik.cz|title=About Hop and Beer temple in Žatec|accessdate=11 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hops and Beer , a museum and amusement complex dedicated to beer, nwere a astronomical elekere onyonyo on zodiac indication on illustrated the annual process of beer production.
&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot; heights=&quot;200px&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left&quot;&gt;
Usòrò:Stará_Bystrica1.jpg|Stará Bystrica
&lt;/gallery&gt;

=== Denmark ===
&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot; heights=&quot;200px&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left&quot;&gt;
Usòrò:Lunds_astronomiska_ur-2.jpg|alt=Lund astronomical clock|Oge elekere nke mbara igwe
Usòrò:Nottebäcks_kyrka_014.JPG|alt=Nottebäck church clock|Oge elekere chọọchị Nottebäck
Usòrò:Rinkaby_kyrka_int15.jpg|alt=Rinkaby church clock|Oge elekere chọọchịRinkaby
&lt;/gallery&gt;

=== France ===
&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot; heights=&quot;200px&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left&quot;&gt;
Usòrò:Zytglogge_04.jpg|Zytglogge, Bern
Usòrò:Zeitglockenturm_03.JPG|alt=Solothurn|Ịgba Ọsọ Ndụ
Usòrò:Detail_Siegelturm_Diessenhofen.jpg|Siegelturm, Diessenhofen
Usòrò:Schaffhausen_-_Fronwagplatz_2010-05-31_16-17-26.JPG|Fronwagturm, Schaffhausen
Usòrò:Zug_-_Zytturm_2010-06-18_18-00-00_ShiftN.jpg|Zytturm, Zug
Usòrò:Sion,_hôtel_de_ville,_horologe_astronomique_-_ch.jpg|alt=Sion|Zaịọn
&lt;/gallery&gt;

* Auxerre Oge elekere nke narị afọ nke iri na ise na Tour de l'Horloge  nwere aka anyanwụ nke awa iri abụọ na anọ na aka ọnwa nke na emechi mgbanwe n'Ụbọchị ọnwa nke awa iri anọ na anọ na nkeji iri ise, ma na egosi oge ọnwa na bọl ọnwa na agbagharị.
* Ọmarịcha osisi Oge elekere nke Beauvais na Cathedral Beauvais, nke Auguste-Lucien Vérité  wuru n'afọ 1865-1868, nwere akara ngosi 52 nke na egosi oge ọwụwa anyanwụ, ọdịda anyanwụ, ọwụwa ọnwa, ọdịda ọnwa, usoro ọnwa, solstices, ọnọdụ mbara ala, oge dị ugbu a n'obodo 18 gburugburu ụwa, na oge ebili mmiri. 68 automata ya na eme mkpebi Ikpe Ikpeazụ n'otu awa.
* Ịnọ ọnụ Ọ bụ Auguste-Lucien Vérité wuru elekere mbara igwe Besançon na Katidral Besançon (1860). Ihe ngosi 70 ya na enye ihe ngosi 122.
* Bourges A rụnyere elekere mbara igwe nke Bourges na Katidral Bourges na 1424. Ọ na egosi zodiac, na oge ọnwa na afọ.
* Chartres Oge elekere mbara igwe nke Chartres  na Katidral Chartres bụ elekere astrolabe, nke etinyere na 1528. A rụzigharịrị ya, usoro eletrik dochie ya, na 2009.
* Haguenau Ihu ụlọ ngosi Alsacien na egosipụta elekere mbara igwe, nke oge a nke elekere Ulm Rathaus.
* Lyon E wuru elekere mbara igwe nke Lyon na Katidral Lyon na 1661, na anọchi anya nke mbụ nke narị afọ nke iri na anọ. Ọ nwere akara astrolabe na akara kalenda.
* Munster Chọọchị nke Saint-Léger nwere elekere nke okike, nke arụnyere na 2008. Ọ na egosi oge, ụbọchị izu, ọnwa na zodiac, na oge ọnwa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.petit-patrimoine.com/fiche-petit-patrimoine.php?id_pp=68226_9|work=petit-patrimoine.com/|title=L'Horloge de la Création dans l'église Saint-Léger à Munster|accessdate=10 March 2020|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ploërmel Ploërmel astronomical clock, nke e wuru 1850-1855, nwere elekere astronomical nwere dials 10 na [[orrery]].
* Rouen Gros Horloge nwere mmegharị e wuru na 1389, ya na akara agbakwunyere na 1529. Ọ na egosi oge ọnwa na gburugburu na agbagharị n'elu akara ahụ, na ụbọchị izu na oghere dị na ala nke akara ahụ.
* Saint-Omer Saint-Omer astronomical clock  na Saint-Omers Cathedral bụ astrolabe clock nke 1558.
* Strasbourg Oge elekere nke Strasbourg bụ elekere nke atọ dị na Katidral Strasbourg, na esote ndị bu ya ụzọ na narị afọ nke iri na anọ na nke iri na isii. N'ịbụ nke Jean-Baptiste Schwilgué wuru site na 1838 ruo 1843, ọ na egosi ọtụtụ ọrụ mbara igwe na kalenda (gụnyere ihe a na eche na ọ bụ igwe mbụ zuru oke nke computus dị mkpa iji gbakọọ Ista) na ọtụtụ akpaaka.
* Versailles Oge elekere mbara igwe Passemant dị n'obí eze Versailles dị nso na Paris bụ elekere mbara ala rococo nke na anọdụ n'elu ala marble. O were afọ iri na abụọ maka onye na eme elekere na onye injinia iwu ma nye ya Louis nke Iri na Ise na 1754.
&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot; heights=&quot;200px&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left&quot;&gt;
Usòrò:Wells_clock.jpg|alt=Wells Cathedral clock|Oge elekere nke Wells Cathedral
Usòrò:Exeter_Cathedral_astronomical_clock.jpg|alt=Exeter Cathedral astronomical clock|Oge elekere mbara igwe nke Exeter Katidral
Usòrò:Astronomical_clock,_Ottery_St_Mary's.jpg|alt=Ottery St Mary astronomical clock|Ottery St Mary elekere mbara igwe
Usòrò:Hampton_Court_Avri_2009_33.jpg|alt=Hampton Court astronomical clock|Oge elekere mbara igwe nke Hampton Court
Usòrò:Astronomical_Clock_(7569108538).jpg|alt=York Minster astronomical clock|York Minster elekere mbara igwe
Usòrò:Clock-Calendar_on_Bracken_House_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1304709.jpg|alt=Bracken House, London astrological clock, with its blue circle showing the Signs of the Zodiac.|Bracken House, elekere kpakpando nke London, na okirikiri ya na-acha anụnụ anụnụ na-egosi[[Zodiac|Ihe ịrịba ama nke Zodiac]].
&lt;/gallery&gt;

=== Georgia ===

* Batumi Ihu ụlọ National Bank nke &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://georgiaabout.com/2014/04/03/astronomical-clock-in-batumi/|work=Georgia About|title=Astronomical Clock in Bantumi|date=3 April 2014|accessdate=12 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; na Europe Square nwere elekere mbara igwe dabere na elekere dị na Mantua, nke na egosi ọnọdụ anyanwụ na ọnwa na zodiac, na oge ọnwa.

=== Germany ===
&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot; heights=&quot;200px&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left&quot;&gt;
Usòrò:Zimmertoren_in_Lier_Belgium.jpg|alt=Zimmer tower in Lier, Belgium|Ụlọ elu Zimmerna Lier, BelgiumỊgha ụgha, Belgium
Usòrò:Sint-Truiden,_Begijnhof,_museum02.jpg|alt=Sint-Truiden clock|Oge elekereSint-Truiden
&lt;/gallery&gt;

* Otu ìgwè elekere mbara igwe nke dị n'ime nke narị afọ nke iri na anọ, nke iri na ise na nke iri na isii na chọọchị nke obodo Hanseatic League dị n'ebe ugwu Germany, nke a maara dị ka elekere Hanseatic (ìgwè ahụ gụnyekwara elekere na Gdańsk, ugbu a na [[Poland]]). 
** Bad Doberan Na Doberan Minster, Nikolaus Lilienfeld tinyere elekere astrolabe na 1390. Naanị akara ahụ dị ndụ, nke dị ugbu a n'elu ọnụ ụzọ ọdịda anyanwụ.
** Lübeck Oge elekere nke St. Mary's Church, nke e wuru na 1561-1566, mebiri na bọmbụ Lübeck na 1942. Oge elekere dị ugbu a bụ nke Paul Behrens dochiri, nke arụnyere na 1967.
** Münster Oge elekere mbara igwe nke Münster nke 1540 na Katidral Münster, nke e ji akara zodiac e ji aka mee chọọ mma, nke naachọpụta ngagharị nke mbara ala, na-akpọ ụda glockenspiel n'ehihie ọ bụla.
** Rostock Rostock astronomical clock na St. Mary's Church nke sitere na 1472, nke Hans Düringer wuru. Oge nwere oge kwa ụbọchị, zodiac, ọnwa, na ọnwa. Site na nchekwa data eletrọniki a raara nye &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.aur.uni-rostock.de/en/ Repository for the Rostock Astronomical Clock]&lt;/ref&gt; elekere a edere nke ọma.
** Akara. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|work=Stadtgemeinde Stendal|title=Die Astronomische Uhr|url=http://www.stadtgemeinde-stendal.de/gemeinden/st.-marien/die-astronomische-uhr/|accessdate=14 March 2020|language=de|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191117145803/http://www.stadtgemeinde-stendal.de/gemeinden/st.-marien/die-astronomische-uhr/|archive-date=17 November 2019|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; St. Mary's Church [de], elekere mbara igwe nke afọ 1580, nke e wughachiri na 1856 (ma onye na-eme elekere mebiri ya), ma weghachite ya na 1977. [1]
** Stralsund. Oge elekere mbara igwe dị na St. Nicholas' Church bụ elekere astrolabe nke Nikolaus Lilienfeld tinyere na 1394. Ọ naghị arụ ọrụ kemgbe narị afọ nke iri na isii.
** Tangermünde Na St. Stephan, Tangermünde , elekere mbara igwe nke 2023 nke Volker Schulz na Thomas Leu rụrụ.
** Wismar  elekere mbara igwe nke narị afọ nke iri na ise na St. Mary's Church [de] mebiri site na bọmbụ na 1945.
* Otu elekere nke narị afọ nke iri na isii n'ihu ụlọ nzukọ obodo dị n'ebe ndịda Germany, nke nwere akara awa iri na abụọ, akara ọnwa, na akara kalenda na-egosi ọnọdụ anyanwụ na ọnwa na zodiac, na aka dragọn:
** Esslingen bụ Neckar  Clock of Esslingen Old Town Hall [de], nke e wuru na 1581-1586.
** Heilbronn [[:de:Rathaus (Heilbronn)|nke]]&amp;#x5D;-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;mwAmU&quot; style=&quot;font-size:85%; font-style: normal; &quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;#x5B;[[:de:Kunstuhr (Heilbronn)|nke]]&amp;#x5D;&lt;nowiki&gt; cx-link&quot; data-linkid=&quot;476&quot; data-mw='{&quot;parts&quot;:[{&quot;template&quot;:{&quot;target&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Interlanguage link&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;./Template:Interlanguage_link&quot;},&quot;params&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Kunstuhr (Heilbronn)&quot;},&quot;lt&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Kunstuhr&quot;},&quot;2&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;de&quot;},&quot;3&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Kunstuhr (Heilbronn)&quot;}},&quot;i&quot;:0}}]}' data-mw-i18n='{&quot;title&quot;:{&quot;lang&quot;:&quot;x-page&quot;,&quot;key&quot;:&quot;red-link-title&quot;,&quot;params&quot;:[&quot;Kunstuhr (Heilbronn)&quot;]}}' data-ve-no-generated-contents=&quot;true&quot; href=&quot;./Kunstuhr_(Heilbronn)?action=edit&amp;redlink=1&quot; id=&quot;mwAmQ&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Kunstuhr (Heilbronn)&quot; typeof=&quot;mw:Transclusion mw:LocalizedAttrs&quot;&gt;Kunstuhr [de] nke Heilbronn Town Hall [de] ya na Isaac Habrecht, nke arụnyere na 1579-1580.&lt;/nowiki&gt;
** Tübingen  elekere nke Tübingen Town Hall [de], nke etinyere na 1510.
** Ulm.  elekere mbara igwe nke narị afọ nke iri na isii nke Ulm Town Hall [de] nwere usoro astrolabe nke awa iri abụọ na anọ, ọ bụ ezie na a na-ekwughachi zodiac dị ka mgbanaka na-agbagharị agbagharị nke ihe osise ọlaedo, na mgbanaka dị n'èzí nke dial bụ mgbanaka isi awa iri na abụọ.
* Cologne &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|work=koelner-planetarium.de/|title=Astronomische Uhr|url=http://www.koelner-planetarium.de/tour/astrouhr.html|accessdate=15 March 2020|language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt; Cologne Planetarium [de], elekere mbara igwe nke oge a nke na-egosi awa n'oge nkịtị na oge sidereal, oge ọnwa, ọnọdụ anyanwụ na ọnwa na zodiac, na ntụgharị nke ụwa dịka ihe nlereanya geocentric si dị.
* Esslingen bụ Neckar &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|work=24hourtime.info|title=Festo Harmonices Mundi|date=27 June 2006|url=https://24hourtime.info/2006/06/27/festo-harmonices-mundi/|accessdate=14 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;'isi ụlọ ọrụ Festo, Prọfesọ Hans Scheurenbrand ewuola Harmonices Mundi (nke aha ya sitere n'akwụkwọ Kepler nke otu aha ahụ), nke nwere elekere mbara igwe, elekere oge ụwa, na 74 bell glockenspiel. [1]
* Görlitz Görlitz Town Hall [-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;mwAoM&quot; style=&quot;font-size:85%; font-style: normal; &quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;#x5B;[[:de:Rathaus Görlitz|nke]]&amp;#x5D;] na Church of St Peter na St Paul [de] nwere elekere narị afọ nke iri na isii nke na-egosi oge ọnwa.
* Munich Old Town Hall na Deutsches Museum nwere elekere nke na-egosi oge ọnwa na bọọlụ na-agbagharị, na zodiac na mgbanaka a na-akwụsi ike n'ime elekere iri na abụọ.
* Schramberg Ụlọ Nzukọ Obodo nwere elekere mbara igwe arụnyere &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|work=schramberg.de|title=Die astronomische Uhr am Rathaus|url=https://www.schramberg.de/de/Unsere-Stadt/Die-Stadt/Sehenswertes/Architektur/Rathausuhr|accessdate=14 March 2020|language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt; 1913. [1] Ihe ngosi ya yiri elekere nke Ulm (ma e wezụga na mgbanaka elekere dị n'èzí bụ awa iri abụọ na anọ), na mgbanaka astrolabe nke a na-emegharị dị ka mgbanaka zodiac ọla edo.
* Stuttgart  elekere nke oge a n'ụlọ elu nke Stuttgart Town Hall [de] na-egosi oge ọnwa na ụbọchị izu.
* Ikpuru. Ụlọ elu elekere Worms Town Hall [] nwere kalenda nke oge a nke na-egosi ọnwa, ọnọdụ anyanwụ na ọnwa na zodiac, oge ọnwa, ma nwee aka dragọn.
&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot; heights=&quot;200px&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left&quot;&gt;
Usòrò:Dubrovnik_(128).JPG|Dubrovnik
&lt;/gallery&gt;

=== Hungary ===

* &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://turizmus.szekesfehervar.hu/catalog/details/223/lang/en|work=Székesfehérvár Turizmus|title=Clockworks and Clock Museum|accessdate=11 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;Budapest: A contemporary astronomical clock with automata, at the Clock Museum.
&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot; heights=&quot;200px&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left&quot;&gt;
Usòrò:Jens_Olsens_front.jpg|alt=Jens Olsen's World Clock, Copenhagen|Oge elekere ụwa nke Jens Olsen, Copenhagen
&lt;/gallery&gt;&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot; heights=&quot;200px&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left&quot;&gt;
Usòrò:2012--DSC_0346-Tour-de-l'Horloge-à-Auxerre.jpg|alt=Tour de l'Horloge, Auxerre|Ụlọ elekere, AuxerreÀkwà
Usòrò:Bourges_Cathédrale_1231.jpg|alt=Bourges astronomical clock in Bourges Cathedral|Oge elekere na-enyocha mbara igwena Katidral BourgesKatidral Bourges
Usòrò:Chartres_-_Horloge_astro_03.jpg|alt=Clock at Chartres Cathedral|elekere naChartres Katidral
Usòrò:Lyon_-_Cathédrale_Saint-Jean_-_Horloge_Astronomique.jpg|alt=Lyon astronomical clock in Lyon Cathedral|Oge elekere nke LyonnaKatidral Lyon
Usòrò:Strasbourg_Cathedral_Astronomical_Clock_-_Diliff.jpg|alt=Strasbourg astronomical clock in Strasbourg Cathedral|Oge elekere mbara igwe nke Strasbourg naKatidral Strasbourg
Usòrò:Picardie_Beauvais4_tango7174.jpg|alt=Beauvais astronomical clock in Beauvais Cathedral|Oge elekere nke BeauvaisnaKatidral Beauvais
&lt;/gallery&gt;

* Arezzo. The clock of the {{Interlanguage link|Palazzo della Fraternita dei Laici|it}}, installed in 1552, shows the moon phase and age.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|work=Around Arezzo|title=The Astronomical Clock in Piazza Grande|url=http://www.aroundarezzo.it/en/the-astronomical-clock-in-piazza-grande/|accessdate=7 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Bassano del Grappa. 24-hour dial with zodiac indication on the Palazzo del Municipio, first installed in 1430, reconstructed by Bartolomeo Ferracina in 1747.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|work=comune.bassano.vi.it|title=Municipio e loggetta municipale|url=http://www.comune.bassano.vi.it/Vivi-la-citta/Da-vedere/Architetture/Municipio-e-loggetta-municipale|accessdate=8 March 2020|language=it}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Brescia. Astronomical clock dated {{circa|1540–1550}} in the Torre dell'Orologio.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.flickr.com/photos/cienne/114273233/ Brescia, Italy – The clock tower] at flickr.com&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.shutterstock.com/pic-95163037/stock-photo-renaissance-astronomical-clock-in-brescia-italy-displays-hours-moon-phases-and-the.html|title=Stock Photos, Royalty-Free Images and Vectors|work=shutterstock.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Clusone. Fanzago's astronomical clock at the {{Interlanguage link|Palazzo Comunale, Clusone|it|Palazzo comunale (Clusone)|lt=Palazzo Comunale}}, built by Pietro Fanzago in 1583.
* Cremona. The 16th-century astronomical clock of the Torrazzo, the bell tower of Cremona Cathedral, is the largest medieval clock in Europe.
* Macerata. An astronomical clock installed in the {{Interlanguage link|Torre Civica, Macerata|it|Torre civica (Macerata)|lt=Torre Civica}}, a modern replica of the original clock of 1571, which shows the orbits of the planets.
* Mantua. Astronomical clock was installed in 1473 in the Torre dell'Orologio of the Palazzo della Ragione.
* Merano. Clock tower at the entrance to [[:de:Friedhöfe in Meran|Merano town cemetery]], installed in 1908 by Philipp Hörz of Ulm, with a calendar dial showing the month, zodiac, and moon phase.
* Messina. The Messina astronomical clock in the tower of Messina Cathedral. Multi-dial clock equipped with complex automata. Constructed between 1930 and 1933 by the Ungerer Company of Strasbourg. It is one of the largest astronomical clocks in the world.
* Padua. 15th-century astronomical clock in the Torre dell'Orologio.
* Rimini. The clock tower on Piazza Tre Martiri has a calendar dial installed in 1750&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|work=Rimini Turismo|title=Piazza Tre Martiri|url=https://www.riminiturismo.it/en/visitatori/scopri-il-territorio/arte-e-cultura/piazze/piazza-tre-martiri|accessdate=8 March 2020|archivedate=26 July 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726103308/https://www.riminiturismo.it/en/visitatori/scopri-il-territorio/arte-e-cultura/piazze/piazza-tre-martiri}}&lt;/ref&gt; showing the date, zodiac, and moon phase and age.
* Soncino. 24-hour dial with zodiac indication in the town hall. The terracotta zodiac dial dates from 1977.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|work=Soncino Turismo|title=Palazzo comunale e Torre Civica|url=http://www.soncino.org/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=28&amp;Itemid=1|accessdate=8 March 2020|language=it|archivedate=26 July 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726103518/http://www.soncino.org/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=28&amp;Itemid=1}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Trapani. Astronomical clock of 1596 in the Porta Oscura, with a dial for the hours and the zodiac, and a lunar dial.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|work=Turismo Trapani|title=Porta Oscura e Torre dell'Orologio|url=http://www.turismo.trapani.it/it/1542/porta-oscura-e-torre-dell-orologio.html|accessdate=8 March 2020|language=it}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Venice. St Mark's Clock, in the clocktower on St Mark's Square, was built and installed by Gian Paulo and Gian Carlo Rainieri, father and son, between 1496 and 1499.
&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot; heights=&quot;200px&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left&quot;&gt;
Usòrò:Stralsund,_Nikolaikirche,_Astronomische_Uhr_(2012-12-29)_1,_by_Klugschnacker_in_Wikipedia.jpg|alt=St. Nicholas' Church, Stralsund|Chọọchị St. Nicholas, Stralsund
Usòrò:Rostock_Marienkirche_Astronomische_Uhr_2011-02-12.jpg|alt=St. Mary's Church, Rostock|Chọọchị St. Mary, Rostock
Usòrò:WLM-DE-NW-2018-Münster-Dom-Astronomische_Uhr-4101.jpg|alt=Münster Cathedral|Katidral Münster
Usòrò:Lübeck_Marienkirche_-_Astronomische_Uhr_070311.jpg|alt=St. Mary's Church, Lübeck|Chọọchị St. Mary, Lübeck
Usòrò:Ulm_-_panoramio_(14).jpg|Ulm
Usòrò:Astronomische_Uhr_Deutsches_Museum_Muenchen-1.jpg|alt=Deutsches Museum, Munich|Ebe Ngosi Ihe Mgbe Ochie nke Deutsches, Munich
&lt;/gallery&gt;

=== Latvia ===

* &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.diariodeleon.es/articulo/cultura/cuando-leon-era-dueno-tiempo/201906230400001901082.html|work=Diario de León|title=Cuando León era dueño del tiempo|date=23 June 2019|accessdate=12 March 2020|language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;Astorga: Ihu dị n'ime elekere nke Astorga Cathedral nwere akara awa 24 nke na oge ọnwa na ụbọchị.
&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot; heights=&quot;200px&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left&quot;&gt;
Usòrò:Szekesfehervar_Historical_Facade_Clock_Closeup_01.JPG|Budapest
&lt;/gallery&gt;

* Valletta &lt;ref name=&quot;vassallo-history&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://vassallohistory.wordpress.com/time-keeping/clock-towers/|work=Maltese History &amp; Heritage|title=Clock Towers|date=31 August 2013|accessdate=12 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; elekere nke Obí Eze Ukwu, nke arụnyere na 1745, na egosi oge, ụbọchị, ọnwa, na oge ọnwa, ma nwee mgbịrịgba nke ndị jacquemarts anọ kụrụ.
* Malta nwere ọtụtụ elekere ụka nke na egosi ihe ngosi kalenda na dials dị iche iche, gụnyere nke St John's Co-Cathedral, Valletta; St Paul's Cathedral, Mdina; Rotunda nke Mosta; na Church of St Bartholomew, Għargħur . &lt;ref name=&quot;vassallo-history&quot; /&gt;
&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot; heights=&quot;200px&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left&quot;&gt;
Usòrò:Cremona-Orologio_astronomico_sul_Torrazzo_perspec.jpg|Cremona
Usòrò:Torre_dell'Orologio2.JPG|Mantua
Usòrò:Brescia_astro_clock.jpg|Brescia
Usòrò:Padova_Piazza_dei_Signori_Torre_dell'Orologio_Zifferblatt_1.jpg|Padua
Usòrò:Venezia_Torre_dell'Orologio_Tierkreis_5.jpg|Venice
Usòrò:Messina_duomo_tower_2.JPG|Messina
&lt;/gallery&gt;

* Arnemuiden Oge elekere chọọchị nke narị afọ nke iri na isii na Arnemuiden na egosi oge ọnwa na oge oke mmiri.
* Franeker Eise Eisinga Planetarium, nke e wuru na 1774-1781, bụ elekere elekere na nke mbara igwe nke na egosi mmegharị nke usoro anyanwụ.
&lt;references responsive=&quot;0&quot;&gt;&lt;/references&gt;

=== Norway ===

* Oslo Oge elekere nke narị afọ nke 20 na Oslo City Hall.

* Gdańsk Na Chọọchị St. Mary, e nwere elekere mbara igwe Gdańsk nke sitere na 1464 ruo 1470, nke Hans Düringer nke Toruń wuru. E wughachiri ya mgbe afọ 1945 gasịrị.
* Wrocław Oge elekere nke narị afọ nke iri na isii na egosi oge ọnwa na Wrocław Town Hall.

* Stará Bystrica: E wuru elekere na enyocha mbara igwe n'ụdị nke Our Lady of Sorrows n'ọma ahịa obodo na 2009. Akụkụ mbara igwe nke elekere ahụ nwere [[astrolabe]] na egosipụta ihe ịrịba ama ndị na agụ kpakpando, ọnọdụ nke Anyanwụ na Ọnwa, na usoro ọnwa. Ihe oyiyi ya na akpaaka ya na egosi ndị Slovakian akụkọ ihe mere eme na okpukpe. &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.orloj.eu/cs/orloje_2.htm Pražský orloj – Orloje v zahraničí] (Prague Astronomical Clock – Foreign clocks, in Czech)&lt;/ref&gt; na achịkwa elekere ahụ site na kọmputa site na iji akara DCF77. 

=== Spain ===

* Riga: Oge elekere dị n'ihu ụlọ Blackheads na egosi oge, ụbọchị, ọnwa, ụbọchị izu, na oge ọnwa.

* Lund: elekere mbara igwe Lund na Katidral Lund na [[Sweden]], (Horologium mirabile Lundense) mere n'ihe dị ka 1425, ma eleghị anya site n'aka onye na eme elekere Nicolaus Lilienveld na Rostock. Mgbe echekwara ya kemgbe 1837, e weghachiri ya ma weghachite ya na 1923. Naanị akụkụ dị n'elu, nke mbara igwe bụ nke mbụ, ebe ụfọdụ n'ime akụkụ ndị ọzọ fọdụrụnụ nke oge ochie nwere ike ịhụ na ebe ngosi ihe mgbe ochie Katidral. Mgbe ọ na akpọ, mmadụ nwere ike ịnụ ''Na Dulci Jubilo'' site na obere organ na chọọchị ahụ, ebe ihe oyiyi osisi asaa, na-anọchite anya ndị majị atọ na ndị na ejere ha ozi, na-agafe.
* Fjelie : Emil Ahrent, onye ụkọchukwu obodo ahụ, wuru ma nye Fjelie Church elekere na 1946.
* Nottebäck : K.L. Lundén, onye ụkọchukwu obodo ahụ, tinyere elekere na enyocha mbara igwe na Nottebäck Church  na 1954.
* Rinkaby: A rụnyere elekere mbara igwe na Rinkaby Church n'afọ ndị 1950. A na eji elekere oge ochie eme ya, ọ bụ onye na-ahụ maka ọkụ eletrik n'ógbè ahụ mere ya.

=== Switzerland ===

* Ịgha ụgha. Ụlọ elu Zimmer nwere elekere mbara igwe nke Louis Zimmer tinyere na 1930. Na mkpịsị aka iri na abụọ gbara elekere etiti gburugburu, ọ na enye ihe ngosi gụnyere oge gburugburu ụwa, ụbọchị, oge ọnwa, na nhazi oge oge, ma gụnye elekere mmiri.
* &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.patrimoine-horloge.fr/as-senzeille.html|work=patrimoine-horloge.fr|title=Senzeille (Belgique)|accessdate=10 March 2020|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;[Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Oge elekere mbara igwe Senzeilles  bụ nke Lucien Charloteaux ji aka ya gụrụ n'etiti afọ 1896 na 1912. Oge elekere ụlọ nke dị n'ime igbe osisi, ọ na enye ihe ngosi gụnyere oge anyanwụ, nke etiti na nke sidereal gburugburu ụwa, ọnọdụ nke ìgwè kpakpando na mbara ala, na ọdịdị nke Halley's Comet.
* Sint-Truiden Oge elekere mbara igwe nke Kamiel Festraets [nl] rụrụ n'etiti 1937 na 1942 dị ugbu a na Festraets Museum.

=== United Kingdom ===

* A group of four famous astronomical clocks in the West Country, dating from the 14th and 15th centuries, all of which show the 24-hour time and the moon phase:
** Exeter. The Exeter Cathedral astronomical clock ({{circa|1484}})
** Ottery St Mary. The Ottery St Mary astronomical clock (15th century)
** Wells. The Wells Cathedral clock (1386–1392)
** Wimborne Minster. The Wimborne Minster astronomical clock (14th century)
* Durham. Prior Castell's Clock in Durham Cathedral, installed between 1494 and 1519.
* Hampton Court Palace. The Hampton Court astronomical clock (1540) is on the interior façade of the Main Gatehouse. It is a fine early example of a pre-Copernican astronomical clock.
* Leicester. The Leicester University astronomical clock (1989) is on the Rattray Lecture Theatre opposite the Physics department.
* [[London]]. The [[Astrology|astrological clock]] of Bracken House was installed in 1959, and depicts the [[Zodiac|Signs of the Zodiac]].
* Snowshill. The Nychthemeron Clock, installed in the garden of Snowshill Manor in Gloucestershire.
* St Albans. A modern clock dating from 1995, built from notes by Richard of Wallingford held in the Bodleian Library, Oxford. On display in St Albans Cathedral.
* York. The York Minster astronomical clock, an astronomical clock installed in 1955 as a memorial to airmen killed in [[World War II]], shows the positions of the sun and stars from the perspective of a pilot flying over York. It was damaged by fire in 1984, and is not currently working.

== Hụkwa ==

* [[Astrolabe]]
* Astrarium
* Oge Oge Ogologo Ugbu a, nke a na-akpọkwa elekere 10,000 afọ''Oge elekere 10,000''
* Ụdị usoro anyanwụ
* Torquetum

== Ihe edeturu ==

== Ihe odide ==

* {{Cite book|author=Needham|first=Joseph|authorlink=Joseph Needham|year=1986|series=[[Science and Civilization in China]]|title=Physics and Physical Technology, Part 2, Mechanical Engineering|location=Taipei|publisher=Caves Books Ltd}}
* {{Cite book|author=North|first=John|authorlink=John North (historian)|year=2005|title=God's Clockmaker, Richard of Wallingford and the invention of time|publisher=Hambledon and London}}
* Borgarsyssel Museum, Sarpsborg, mbipụta Norwegian nke afọ 2003, na mbipụta Bekee nke afọ 2008 (nke dị na ebe ngosi ihe mgbe ochie).{{Cite book|author=Sørnes|first=Tor|authorlink=Tor Sørnes|year=2008|title=The Clockmaker Rasmus Sørnes}}
* {{Cite book|author=King|first=Henry|year=1978|title=Geared to the Stars: the evolution of planetariums, orreries, and astronomical clocks|url=https://archive.org/details/gearedtostarsevo00king|publisher=University of Toronto Press}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [http://www.haveyouseenthisclock.com/ Nchọgharị maka Rasmus Sørnes elekere nke anọ]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20151019094954/http://www.orloj600let.cz/ Oge Ndị Na-enyocha Ihe Ndị Dị na Ụzọ Mmiri nke Prague]
* [https://astrologyclock.net/ Oge elekere nke oge a, nke dị n'ịntanetị]
* Les Cadrans Solaires (Sundials), na-egosikwa elekere mbara igwe nke Europe  (n'asụsụ French)  
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110526125010/http://www.moonlightclock.com/ MoonlightClock.com - Oge elekere ndị e ji aka mee]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160420190118/http://www.toerisme-sint-truiden.be/Festraets-astronomical-clock.html Oge elekere mbara igwe]
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. &lt;ref name=&quot;The Guardian Nigeria&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Nigeria|first=Guardian|title=Modesinuola is Next Movie Star|url=https://guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/modesinuola-is-next-movie-star/|work=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|accessdate=10 June 2023|date=24 December 2016|archivedate=10 June 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230610100843/https://guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/modesinuola-is-next-movie-star/}}&lt;/ref&gt;Modesinuola Ogundiwin bụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri Naijiria, mara maka ọrụ ya dị ka Kanyinsola Adeleke na Showmax izizi telenovela Nigeria usoro Wura .  [1] Na 24 Disemba 2016, ekwuputara ya onye mmeri nke akara 12th nke Next Movie Star reality show.

== Ndụ mmalite na ọrụ ==
Modesinuola Ogundiwin si Ogun State, Nigeria.  O nwere nwanne ejima aha ya bu Mowasinuola.  Na 2015, ọ akụkọ ọrụ ya dị ka onye na-ede blọgụ iro;  na-egosi egwu na ihe nkiri, mgbe ị na-eji ngalaba ngalaba blọgụ &lt;nowiki&gt;http://atokede.blogspot.com/&lt;/nowiki&gt; .  Tupu 2016, ọ-ekiri onye na-arụsi ọrụ ike ma soro na Movie Star na-esote, ihe ngosi maka nkà ọhụrụ na ọrụ ime ihe.  N'otu awụ ahụ, a mara ọkwa na ọ bụ onye mmeri nke akara nke iri na nke ihe ngosi ahụ.  [1] N'afọ 2018, ọ pụtara ihe nkiri Nollywood ya bụ Trauma, nke ya mere.

Na 2021, o mere mpụta mbụ ya na Iwa Eda, ihe nkiri ihe nkiri Rok Studios .  [1] N'otu apụ ahụ, Ndani TV kpọbatara ya, ka ọ kpọmkwem usoro ihe nkiri Rumor Has It, nke atọ dị ka Amara.  [2] Na 2023, onye isi ihe nkedo nke Wura, bụ Showmax original telenovela, were ya n'akwa, ebe ọ gbara Kanyinsola Adeleke.  N'ịgbaso ọrụ ya na Wura, ọ sere na-arụ ụka site n'aka ndị Fans nke usoro ahụ na-esochi ya na onye na-eme ihe nkiri Scarlet Gomez, bụ onye na-egwu Wura.

Na 8 Julaị 2023, Modesinuola gbara egwu na ''Romoke's Demon'', ihe nkiri ihe nkiri [[Rok Studios]] ewepụtara na Rok2. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Romoke’s Demon|url=https://www.rokchannels.tv/rok2/romokes-demon/|work=Rok|accessdate=6 August 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe nkiri ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Afọ
! Ihe nkiri Igwe onyonyo
! Ọrụ
! Ihe ndetu
|-
| 2023
| ''[[Wura (usoro ihe omume TV)|Wura]]''
| Kanyinsola Adeleke
| Telenovela
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 2021
| ''Rumor nwere ya''
| Amara
| Ihe nkiri
|-
| ''Okoto: Usoro''
| Hadiza
| Ihe nkiri
|}

== Ntụaka ==
{{Reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ogundiwin, Modesinola}}
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    <title>Immaculate Nwaogu</title>
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Immaculate Nwaogu (amuru 28 Novemba 1970) bu onye egwuregwu bọọlụ aka Naijiria.Ọ gbara asọmpi na asọmpi ụmụ nwanyị na 1992 Summer Olympics.&lt;ref name=&quot;SportsRef&quot;&gt;{{cite Sports-Reference |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/nw/immaculate-nwaogu-1.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200418081703/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/nw/immaculate-nwaogu-1.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=18 April 2020 |title=Immaculate Nwaogu Olympic Results |accessdate=22 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Edensibia ==
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[[Otú:Ndị amụrụ n’afọ 1970]]
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{| class=&quot;infobox biography vcard&quot;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-above&quot; style=&quot;font-size:125%;&quot; |&lt;div class=&quot;fn&quot; style=&quot;display:inline-block&quot;&gt;Evelyn Oputu&lt;/div&gt;
|- class=&quot;infobox-data&quot;
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; | Amụrụ
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;div class=&quot;nickname&quot; style=&quot;display:inline&quot;&gt; Evelyn Ndali oputa&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/br&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; Ọnwa Nke Asatọ 13, 1948&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/br&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;birthplace&quot; style=&quot;display:inline&quot;&gt; Delta steeti&lt;/div&gt;
|- class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot;
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; | Alma&amp;nbsp;nne 
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |
|}
'''Evelyn Ndali Oputu''' (amuru Ọgọst 13, 1949) bu onye omebe iwu [[Ndị Naijiria|nke Naijiria]], na onye bu onye isi njikwa nke The Bank of Industry . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://youthsng.com/2017/02/17/evelyn-ndali-oputu-our-influencer/|title=EVELYN NDALI OPUTU: – OUR INFLUENCER – YOUTHSNG|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-03-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ ==
Oputu malitere akwukwo na St. Teresa College, [[Ibadan]] na 1960 wee gawa Federal School of Arts and Science Lagos iji nweta asambodo Senior Secondary n'etiti 1965 na 1967. Ọ nwetara nzere B.Sc. nzere na nchịkwa azụmahịa site na [[University of Lagos|Mahadum Lagos]] n'etiti 1972 na 1975 wee nweta diploma na Mass General Management na Harvard Business School, Boston na 1987. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://realnewsmagazine.net/milestone/birthday-evelyn-oputu/|title=Birthday [Evelyn Oputu]|author=publisher|work=Realnews Magazine|date=11 August 2017|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-03-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
Ọ malitere ọrụ ụlọ akụ na 1976 na ICON Merchant Bank Ltd. wee sonye na International Merchant Bank (IMB) na 1982 ebe ọ na-arụ ọrụ site na Treasury and Financial Division of the Capital Market, yana ebe ọrụ ndụmọdụ na ego. Na 1991, ọ ghọrọ onye isi nchịkwa, First Bank of Nigeria n'etiti 1991 na 1997 ma mesịa jee ozi dị ka Chief Executive Officer, Managing Director nke The Bank of Industry Limited site na December 2005 ruo April 2014. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://businessday.ng/women-hub/article/evelyn-ndali-oputu-a-success-story-of-breaking-through-the-glass-ceiling/|title=Evelyn Ndali Oputu, a success story of breaking through the 'glass ceiling'|date=2014-08-15|work=Businessday NG|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-03-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe nrite na nnabata ==
Ihe nrite gụnyere: &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.inspireforgreatness.com/mentorship/104-evelyn-oputa.html|title=Ms. Evelyn N. Oputa, OON|work=www.inspireforgreatness.com|accessdate=2020-03-09|archivedate=2017-02-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170206152822/http://inspireforgreatness.com/mentorship/104-evelyn-oputa.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* Order of Nigeria site n'aka [[Ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke Nigeria|gọọmenti etiti Naijiria]]
* Onye na-akụ ego nke afọ 2013 nke ''akwụkwọ akụkọ The Sun''
* Onye isi nchịkwa ndị ndu (CEO) nke afọ 2012 site ''n'akwụkwọ akụkọ The Leadership''

== Edensibia ==

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*Lawyer
*entrepreneur
}}|years_active=2017–present|known_for=|notable_works=}}

'''Aisha Ochuwa Tella''' (amụrụ na 22 Eprel, 1994) bụ onye ọka iwu na onye ọchụnta ego Naijiria. Ọ bụkwa onye guzobere EBAO, ụlọ ọrụ ejiji Naijiria nke e guzobere na 2017. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-04-05|title=Trailblazing Women: Celebrating Top 5 Young Female Entrepreneurs|url=https://leadership.ng/trailblazing-women-celebrating-top-5-young-female-entrepreneurs/|accessdate=2023-11-03|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ mbido ==
A mụrụ Aisha Ochuwa Tella na 22 Eprel, 1994 na Lagos Steeti, Nigeria mana o si Auchi, Edo Steeti. Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ praịmarị na sekọndrị na Lagos Steeti..&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Telegraph|first=New|date=2023-01-21|title=Aisha Ochuwa Tella: From legal career to luxury jewellery business|url=https://newtelegraphng.com/aisha-ochuwa-tella-from-legal-career-to-luxury-jewellery-business/|accessdate=2023-11-03|work=New Telegraph|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ka e mesịrị, ọ nwetara diploma na Criminology na LL.B degree na nke abụọ Class Upper Division- ha abụọ na Babcock University, Nigeria.

== Ọrụ ==
Ochuwa chọrọ mgbe niile ịbanye &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Online|first=Tribune|date=2023-07-14|title=Author, entrepreneur, Aisha Ochuwa publishes guide to starting online business|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/author-entrepreneur-aisha-ochuwa-publishes-guide-to-starting-online-business/|accessdate=2023-11-03|work=Tribune Online|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; azụmaahịa. N'afọ 2010, ọ malitere dị ka onye na-ere ọla mgbe ọ nọ n'afọ mbụ ya na Mahadum Babcock. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na mahadum na 2015, ọ gara [[Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Iwu Nigeria|Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Iwu Naijiria]] wee gụsịrị akwụkwọ n'afọ 2016. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Nigeria|first=Guardian|date=2022-10-17|title=I started my business with just #150 – Aisha Ochuwa Tella|url=https://guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/just-human/i-started-my-business-with-just-150-aisha-ochuwa-tella/|accessdate=2023-11-03|work=The Guardian Nigeria News – Nigeria and World News|language=en-US|archivedate=2023-11-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231103082046/https://guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/just-human/i-started-my-business-with-just-150-aisha-ochuwa-tella/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Our Attorneys|url=https://prescottparsons.com/attorneys/|work=Prescott Parsons Law Firm|accessdate=2024-03-12|archivedate=2024-03-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240302193455/https://prescottparsons.com/attorneys/}}&lt;/ref&gt;'oge na-adịghị anya, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye ọka iwu azụmahịa na ụlọ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọka iwu na Lagos. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Olagoke|first=Bode|date=2023-04-03|title=Shining stars of Nigerian Jewellery: Top 5 Jewellers redefining craftsmanship|url=https://blueprint.ng/shining-stars-of-nigerian-jewellery-top-5-jewellers-redefining-craftsmanship/|accessdate=2023-11-03|work=Blueprint Newspapers Limited|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Why I pioneered a mentorship program — Aisha-Ochuwa|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/10/why-i-pioneered-a-mentorship-program-aisha-ochuwa-tella/|work=Vanguard Newspaper}}&lt;/ref&gt;N'afọ 2017, o guzobere ụlọ ọrụ nke ya EBAO, ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta ọla. [1] [2]

&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Nigeria|first=Guardian|date=2023-03-12|title=NYWEEN: Celebrating inspirational women and fostering equality|url=https://guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/nyween-celebrating-inspirational-women-and-fostering-equality/|accessdate=2023-11-03|work=The Guardian Nigeria News – Nigeria and World News|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dika onye ọka iwu, Ochuwa na-arụ ọrụ na [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]] na United Kingdom. Ọ bụ onye otu Nigeria Bar Association na Chartered Institute of Arbitration (UK).   &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;]]''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

Na Septemba 2022, Ochuwa meriri DENSA Awards maka Nwanyị Kasị arụpụta Ihe n'Afọ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Nigeria|first=Guardian|date=2023-03-15|title=DENSA Awards 2022: Celebrating excellence and positive change in Nigeria's industries|url=https://guardian.ng/arts-2/densa-awards-2022-celebrating-excellence-and-positive-change-in-nigerias-industries/|accessdate=2023-11-03|work=The Guardian Nigeria News – Nigeria and World News|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ nwetakwara African Brand Award site na Silverbird Group dị ka Top Leading &amp; Innovative Luxury Jewellery Brand nke afọ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Rapheal|date=2023-03-15|title=Aisha Tella bags Young Entrepreneur Award at Yes Awards 2022|url=https://sunnewsonline.com/aisha-tella-bags-young-entrepreneur-award-at-yes-awards-2022/|accessdate=2023-11-03|work=The Sun Nigeria|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; A makwaara ya dị ka Onye Ọchụnta ego Na-eto eto nke Afọ na YEIS Awards 2022. [1] &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Rapheal|date=2023-08-16|title=Exploring Insights of a Budding Author: Aisha Ochuwa’s journey|url=https://sunnewsonline.com/exploring-insights-of-a-budding-author-aisha-ochuwas-journey-from-entrepreneur/|accessdate=2023-11-03|work=The Sun Nigeria|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; N' ọnwa Eprel 2023, edepụtara ya n'etiti ụmụ nwanyị ise ọchụnta ego kacha elu na Nigeria n'akụkụ Mo Abudu na Hilda Bacci site na onye ndu.Na Julaị 2023, o wepụtara akwụkwọ akpọrọ A Guide to Starting An Online Business [1]

== Edensibia ==
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Prọfesọ Olayinka Ramota Karim FNIFST (akpa 11 Jenụarị 1968) bụ onye Muhammadu Naijiria ọ bụ Prọfesọ nke nri nri na 4th substantive Vice-chancellor nke Fountain University Osogbo . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Tribune|first=Online|date=9 January 2023|title=Female professor, Olayinka Karim emerges Fountain University new VC|publisher=tribune|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/female-professor-olayinka-karim-emerges-fountain-university-vc/|accessdate=9 January 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Vice Chancellor – Fountain University Osogbo|url=https://fuo.edu.ng/the-vice-chancellor/|accessdate=2024-03-02|language=en-US|archivedate=2024-03-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240302142136/https://fuo.edu.ng/the-vice-chancellor/}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2024|title=KARIM Ramota OLAYINKA|url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Karim-Olayinka}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Prof. Ramota Karim Emerges 4th Vice Chancellor of Fountain University - THISDAYLIVE|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2023/01/14/prof-ramota-karim-emerges-4th-vice-chancellor-of-fountain-university|accessdate=2024-03-02|work=www.thisdaylive.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ ==
.Prof. (Mrs.) Olayinka Ramota Karim akwụkwọ na Ijebu Ode, Ogun State Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị Ansarudeen n'etiti 1975 na Muslim Girls' High School abụọ na Ijebu-ode.  [1] Ọ bụ onye akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta (FUNAB), Ogun State ebe ọ a akara akara ugo ojiji iji na Sayensị Nri na Nkà na ẹzẹ na 1992. N'afọ 1995 ọ gụchara Master of Science in Food Technology.  na Mahadum Ibadan, Oyo State.  na Dọkịta nke Nkà Ihe Ọmụma na Sayensị Nri na Teknụzụ Nri (Nhazi nri na njikwa ogo) na 2005 sikwa na FUNAB

== Ọrụ ==
&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Oyeniran|first=Apata|date=2023-04-19|title=I Will Berth A New, Vibrant, Global Fountain University, Says Prof. Ramota Karim|url=https://independent.ng/i-will-berth-a-new-vibrant-global-fountain-university-says-prof-ramota-karim/|accessdate=2024-03-02|work=Independent Newspaper Nigeria|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;O sonyeere nke Mahadum Ilorin, dị ka onye nkuzi ukwu na 2008, Department of Home Economics and Food Science.  Na የውስጥ, 9 Jenụwarị 2023, Onye isi oche Council na Pro-Chancellor nke Mahadum ahụ, Dr. Awa Ibraheem ewere nhọpụta nke Prọfesọ Olayinka Ramota Karim dị ka onye isi oche nke anọ nke Mahadum ahụ.

== Mbipụta ==

# Na-enyocha ogo akpu echekwara na mmepụta Gari &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Evaluating stored cassava quality in gari production|url=https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&amp;hl=en&amp;user=gAB2w0gAAAAJ&amp;citation_for_view=gAB2w0gAAAAJ:LO7wyVUgiFcC|accessdate=2024-03-02|work=scholar.google.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Njirimara Chemical nke Raw na Processed Breadfruit (Treculia africana) Mkpụrụ ntụ ọka &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Chemical properties of raw and processed breadfruit (Treculia africana) seed flour|url=https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&amp;hl=en&amp;user=gAB2w0gAAAAJ&amp;citation_for_view=gAB2w0gAAAAJ:BJbdYPG6LGMC|accessdate=2024-03-02|work=scholar.google.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Mmetụta dị iche iche na ọdịnaya mmiri dị na ụfọdụ akụrụngwa injinia nke Paddy Rice &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Effect of variety and moisture content on some engineering properties of paddy rice|url=https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&amp;hl=en&amp;user=gAB2w0gAAAAJ&amp;citation_for_view=gAB2w0gAAAAJ:IjCSPb-OGe4C|accessdate=2024-03-02|work=scholar.google.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Njirimara physicochemical nke mgwakota agwa siri ike &quot;Amala&quot; akwadoro site na Plantain (Musa Paradisca) ntụ ọka na Moringa (Moringa Oleifera) akwukwo ntụ ntụ &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF STIFF DOUGH “AMALA” PREPARED FROM PLANTAIN (MUSA PARADISCA) FLOUR AND MORINGA (MORINGA OLEIFERA) LEAF POWDER|url=https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&amp;hl=en&amp;user=gAB2w0gAAAAJ&amp;citation_for_view=gAB2w0gAAAAJ:ILKRHgRFtOwC|accessdate=2024-03-02|work=scholar.google.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Mkpụrụ Gari na ngwakọta kemịkalụ nke mgbọrọgwụ akpu echekwabara site na iji usoro ọdịnala &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Gari yield and chemical composition of cassava roots stored using traditional methods|url=https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&amp;hl=en&amp;user=gAB2w0gAAAAJ&amp;citation_for_view=gAB2w0gAAAAJ:d1gkVwhDpl0C|accessdate=2024-03-02|work=scholar.google.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Àgwà dị nso, ịnweta na mmetụta mmetụta nke 'amala' kwadebere site na ntụ ọka yam nke e ji ntụ akwụkwọ moringa wusie ike &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Proximate, mineral and sensory qualities of ‘amala’prepared from yam flour fortified with moringa leaf powder|url=https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&amp;hl=en&amp;user=gAB2w0gAAAAJ&amp;citation_for_view=gAB2w0gAAAAJ:YsMSGLbcyi4C|accessdate=2024-03-02|work=scholar.google.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Àgwà ọma nke Weevil (Callosobruchus maculatus) Ngwaahịa cCowpea (Vigna unguiculata) emetụtara &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Quality attributes of weevils (Callosobruchus maculatus) infested cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) products|url=https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&amp;hl=en&amp;user=gAB2w0gAAAAJ&amp;citation_for_view=gAB2w0gAAAAJ:epqYDVWIO7EC|accessdate=2024-03-02|work=scholar.google.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Biscuit na-eme ntụ ọka sitere na ọka wheat na plantain na ọkwa dị iche iche nke mfri eke &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Biscuit making potentials of flours from wheat and plantain at different stages of ripeness|url=https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&amp;hl=en&amp;user=gAB2w0gAAAAJ&amp;citation_for_view=gAB2w0gAAAAJ:9Nmd_mFXekcC|accessdate=2024-03-02|work=scholar.google.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Arụmọrụ, Profaịlụ Ozu na Nkwụsi Ike Oxidative nke ọkụkọ Broiler na-enye nri mkpụrụ osisi Baobab Haziri &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Performance, Carcass Profile and Oxidative Stability of Broiler chickens fed Processed Baobab Seed Meal|url=https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&amp;hl=en&amp;user=gAB2w0gAAAAJ&amp;citation_for_view=gAB2w0gAAAAJ:XvxMoLDsR5gC|accessdate=2024-03-02|work=scholar.google.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Ụzọ dị egwu maka Model Kinetic nke Ascorbic Acid nbibi n'oge akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ nke ikuku pineapple emechara &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=A dynamic method for kinetic model of ascorbic acid degradation during air dehydration of pretreated pineapple slices|url=https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&amp;hl=en&amp;user=gAB2w0gAAAAJ&amp;citation_for_view=gAB2w0gAAAAJ:9yKSN-GCB0IC|accessdate=2024-03-02|work=scholar.google.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ntụaka ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
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'''Betta Chimaobim Edu''' (amụrụ na 27 Ọktoba 1986) bụ onye ndọrọndọrọ ọchịchị Naijiria.Ọ jere ozi dịka onye ndu ụmụ nwanyị mba nke All Progressive Congress.Ọ bụ Kọmishọna na-ahụ maka ahụike Cross River steeti ruo mgbe ọ gbara arụkwaghịm n'afọ 2022.Ọ bụkwa onye isi oche mba Nigeria Health Commissioners Forum. &lt;ref name=&quot;punchng&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-03-27|title=Betta Edu emerges youngest APC national women leader.|url=https://punchng.com/betta-edu-emerges-youngest-apc-national-women-leader/|accessdate=2022-04-04|work=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://punchng.com/betta-edu-emerges-youngest-apc-national-women-leader/|title=Betta Edu emerges youngest APC national women leader|date=27 March 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=|date=2022-03-25|title=Sources: Betta Edu faces disqualification from APC convention over section 84(2)|url=https://www.thecable.ng/sources-betta-edu-faces-disqualification-from-apc-convention-over-section-8412|accessdate=2023-05-28|work=TheCable|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-10-06|title=Health commissioners hold forum on primary health care funding|url=https://businessday.ng/news/article/health-commissioners-hold-forum-on-primary-health-care-funding/|accessdate=2023-07-09|work=Businessday NG|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ekiti Health Commissioner Rallies Colleagues against Brain Drain - THISDAYLIVE|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2022/05/06/ekiti-health-commissioner-rallies-colleagues-against-brain-drain|accessdate=2023-07-09|work=www.thisdaylive.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=1 August 2020|title=Dr Betta Edu emerges as the National Chairman of Nigeria Commissioners for Health Forum|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/08/dr-betta-edu-emerges-as-the-national-chairman-of-nigeria-commissioners-for-health-forum/|accessdate=28 May 2023|work=Vanguard Nigera}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Agụmakwụkwọ ==
Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ sekọndrị ya na 2001 na Federal Government Girls College, [[Calabar]] wee nweta akara ugo mmụta mbụ ya na ọgwụ na ịwa ahụ na Mahadum Calabar na 2009. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-07-27|title=Tinubu Appoints 36-Year-Old Harvard Certified Betta Edu, Others As Ministers – Independent Newspaper Nigeria|url=https://independent.ng/tinubu-appoints-36-year-old-harvard-certified-betta-edu-others-as-ministers/|accessdate=2023-07-27|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ nwere Post Graduate Diploma na Public Health for Developing Countries site na [[London]] School Hygiene &amp;amp;amp; Tropical Medicine, nzere masta na Public Health in Developing Countris site na London Academy of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Profile of Wike, El-Rufai, Umahi, Betta Edu and odas wey make Tinubu ministerial list|work=BBC News Pidgin|url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-66322325|accessdate=2023-07-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
N'afọ 2015, Edu ghọrọ onye kachasị nta a họpụtara dịka onye ndụmọdụ pụrụ iche nye Gọvanọ Ukwu nke Cross River State [[Benedict Bengioushuye Ayade|Benedict Ayade]] na Community and Primary Healthcare . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=|date=2015-12-26|title=Gov Ben Ayade Breaks Record Again, Appoints Youngest Special Adviser In Nigeria|url=https://www.calitown.com/gov-ben-ayade-breaks-record-again-appoints-youngest-special-adviser-in-nigeria/|accessdate=2023-05-28|work=calitown|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2020, ọ ghọrọ onyeisi oche nke [[Ȯra Cross River|Cross River State]] COVID-19 Taskforce . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Abang|first=Mike|date=2021-12-14|title=Cross River has best COVID-19 response in Nigeria - Commissioner|url=https://businessday.ng/news/article/cross-river-has-best-covid-19-response-in-nigeria-commissioner/|accessdate=2022-10-15|work=Businessday NG|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Dr Betta Edu emerges as National Chairman of Nigeria Commissioners for Health Forum {{!}} The Paradise News|url=https://theparadise.ng/dr-betta-edu-emerges-as-national-chairman-of-nigeria-commissioners-for-health-forum/|accessdate=2022-01-05|work=theparadise.ng|language=en-US|archivedate=2022-01-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220105000245/https://theparadise.ng/dr-betta-edu-emerges-as-national-chairman-of-nigeria-commissioners-for-health-forum/}}&lt;/ref&gt;'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ ahụ, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye isi oche nke National Chairman nke Nigeria Health Commissioners Forum . [1]

Edu bụ onye otu Royal School of Public Health na African Institute of Public Health Professionals . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=24 November 2022|title=Betta Edu, others emerge Fellow African Institute of Public Health in Cairo Egypt|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/11/betta-edu-others-emerge-fellow-african-institute-of-public-health-in-cairo-egypt/|accessdate=28 May 2023|work=Vanguard Nigeria}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Betta Edu ghọrọ onye ndu nwanyị mba kacha nta nke All Progressives Congress (APC) na Maachị 2022. &lt;ref name=&quot;punchng&quot;/&gt;

&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Cyril|date=2023-01-01|title=2023: APC national women leader mobilises in Cross River for Tinubu|url=https://sunnewsonline.com/2023-apc-national-women-leader-mobilises-in-cross-river-for-tinubu/|accessdate=2023-07-13|work=The Sun Nigeria|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;Betta dị ka onye isi ụmụ nwanyị APC na mba n'oge mkpọsa ntuli aka izugbe Naijiria 2023 mesiri ụmụ nwanyị obi ike na pasent 35 nke President Bola Tinubu.

N'ọnwa Julaị 2023, ndị isi ụmụ nwanyị nke All Progressives Congress (APC) gafee steeti 36 niile dị na Naịjirịa gụnyere nke [[Federal Capital Territory (Nigeria)|Federal Capital Territory (FCT)]] mere ntuli aka nke ntụkwasị obi na Betta Edu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Online|first=Tribune|date=2023-07-14|title=Members pass 'vote of confidence' on APC national women leader|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/members-pass-vote-of-confidence-on-apc-national-women-leader/|accessdate=2023-07-17|work=Tribune Online|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ha mere nke a n'oge ha gara leta Onye isi ala [[Bola Tinubu|Bola Ahmed Tinubu]] na Presidential Villa, Abuja . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Cyril|date=2023-07-14|title=36 Women Leaders Pass &quot;Vote of Confidence&quot; on APC National Women Leader|url=https://sunnewsonline.com/36-women-leaders-pass-vote-of-confidence-on-apc-national-women-leader/|accessdate=2023-07-17|work=The Sun Nigeria|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọzọkwa na Julaị 2023, Gọọmentị etiti nke Naịjirịa site na [[Maryam Babangida]] National Center For Women Development nke DG [[Asabe Vilita Bashir]] duziri, na mmekorita ya na Ministry of Women Affairs and Social Development nyere Betta Edu onyinye nke Ịdị Mma na idu ndú maka itinye okike na ike ụmụ nwanyị. Nke &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Nigeria|first=Guardian|date=2023-07-19|title=FG honours APC National Women Leader, Edu with merit award|url=https://editor.guardian.ng/news/fg-honours-apc-national-women-leader-edu-with-merit-award/|accessdate=2023-07-20|work=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US|archivedate=2023-07-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230720061552/https://editor.guardian.ng/news/fg-honours-apc-national-women-leader-edu-with-merit-award/}}&lt;/ref&gt; a bụ iji kwado mkpebi ya ịkwado ihe kpatara inye ụmụ nwanyị, ụmụaka, na ndị ọzọ na-adịghị ike na Naịjirịa ike. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Oyoyo|first=Igho|date=2023-07-19|title=APC National Women Leader, Betta Edu, Honoured With MBNCWD Merit Award|url=https://leadership.ng/apc-national-women-leader-betta-edu-honoured-with-mbncwd-merit-award/|accessdate=2023-07-20|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Omogbolagun|first=Tope|date=2023-07-27|title=FULL LIST: Senate unveils Tinubu's 28 ministerial nominees|url=https://punchng.com/full-list-senate-unveils-tinubus-28-ministerial-nominees/|accessdate=2023-07-27|work=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;N'ọnwa Julaị afọ 2023, Onye isi ala [[Bola Tinubu|Bola Ahmed Tinubu]] họpụtara Betta Edu ka ọ bụrụ onye minista dịka Ndị omeiwu Naijiria kpughere mmadụ iri abụọ na asatọ a họpụtara maka nhọpụta ndị minista. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Wike, El-Rufai, Umahi, Alake, odas make Tinubu ministerial list|work=BBC News Pidgin|url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-66300394|accessdate=2023-07-27}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-07-27|title=Tinubu appoints youngest minister in fourth Republic, 36-year-old Dr Betta Edu {{!}} ThisNigeria|url=https://thisnigeria.com/tinubu-appoints-youngest-minister-in-fourth-republic-36-year-old-dr-betta-edu/|accessdate=2023-07-28|work=thisnigeria.com|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Cyril|date=2023-07-27|title=Dr. Betta Edu emerges first female Minister from Cross River and Youngest Minister in Nigeria|url=https://sunnewsonline.com/dr-betta-edu-emerges-first-female-minister-from-cross-river-and-youngest-minister-in-nigeria/|accessdate=2023-07-28|work=The Sun Nigeria|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;-eme ka ọ bụrụ nwanyị minista mbụ si Cross River Steeti na onye minista kachasị nta na Federal Executive Council of Nigeria na mba nke anọ nke Naịjirịa.

N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2023, a ṅụrụ Betta iyi dị ka minista na-ahụ maka ihe gbasara enyemaka na mbelata ịda ogbenye na ndị omebe iwu niile nọchiri ya dị ka onye ndú ụmụ nwanyị nke mba &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-08-22|title=Humanitarian Minister assumes office, reassures Nigerians speedy results|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/humanitarian-minister-assumes-office-reassures-nigerians-speedy-results/|accessdate=2023-08-26|work=Tribune Online|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-08-21|title=Wale Edun, Keyamo, Betta Edu take oath of office as ministers|url=https://www.thecable.ng/just-in-umahi-keyamo-betta-edu-take-oath-of-office-as-ministers|accessdate=2023-08-26|work=TheCable|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Folorunsho-Francis|first=Adebayo|date=2023-08-23|title=APC NWC replaces Kyari, Betta Edu with Dalori, Idele|url=https://punchng.com/just-in-apc-nwc-replaces-kyari-betta-edu-with-dalori-idele/|accessdate=2023-08-26|work=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe nrite ==

* Nigeria Quintessential Woman Award, Federal Ministry of Women Affairs and Social Development (2020) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-07-25|title=Federal Ministry of Women Affairs Honors Dr. Betta Edu with award of excellence|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/07/federal-ministry-of-women-affairs-honors-dr-betta-edu-with-award-of-excellence/|accessdate=2022-01-04|work=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-07-25|title=Cross River Health Commissioner, Betta Edu, to receive Award of Excellence|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/promoted/405085-cross-river-health-commissioner-betta-edu-to-receive-award-of-excellence.html|accessdate=2023-01-10|work=Premium Times|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Onyinye nke Ịdị Mma, National Youth Council of Nigeria (2020) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=19 August 2020|title=Youth Day: National Youth Council of Nigeria Says Dr Betta Edu is &quot;Hero Of COVID-19.&quot;|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/08/youth-day-national-youth-council-of-nigeria-says-dr-betta-edu-is-hero-of-covid-19/|accessdate=28 May 2023|work=Vanguard Nigeria}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-11-07|title=Cross River Health Commissioner, Betta Edu wins 2020 'medical expert of the Year' award|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/11/cross-river-health-commissioner-betta-edu-wins-2020-medical-expert-of-the-year-award/|accessdate=2022-01-04|work=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; ahụike nke Afọ (2020) [1]
* Onyinye nke ịdị mma &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-07-19|title=FG Honours Edu With Excellence In Gender Inclusion Award – Independent Newspaper Nigeria|url=https://independent.ng/fg-honours-edu-with-excellence-in-gender-inclusion-award/|accessdate=2023-07-20|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; itinye aka na Mmekọahụ, Federal Ministry of Women Affairs (2023) [1]
* Afọ 2020: Kọmishọna nke Afọ&quot; UN-SDG

== esemokwu ==
A kwụsịtụrụ ya dị ka Minista na-ahụ maka ọrụ ebere na mbelata ịda ogbenye mgbe ebubo na ọ bụ nde Naira 585 ($ 640,000; £ 500,000) na ozi ya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=BBC|first=BBC|title=Betta Edu: Nigerian poverty minister suspended over money in personal bank account|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-67914673|accessdate=2024-01-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-03-27|title=COVID-19: Why There Are No Ventilators At Isolation Center - Betta Edu|url=https://crossriverwatch.com/2020/03/covid-19-why-there-are-no-ventilators-at-isolation-center-betta-edu/|accessdate=2023-05-28|work=CrossRiverWatch|language=en-US|archivedate=2023-08-31|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230831120655/https://crossriverwatch.com/2020/03/covid-19-why-there-are-no-ventilators-at-isolation-center-betta-edu/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-07-06|title=CROSS RIVER NMA WITHDRAWS SERVICES OVER STATE'S COVID-19 HANDLING|url=https://medicalworldnigeria.com/post/Cross-River-NMA-Withdraws-Services-Over-States-COVID-19-Handling?pid=44221/|accessdate=2023-01-10|work=Medical World Nigeria|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-05-25|title=NMA Can't Pass Vote Of No Confidence On Me, C'River Commissioner|url=https://tnnonline.info/nma-cant-pass-vote-of-no-confidence-on-me-criver-commissioner/|accessdate=2023-01-10|work=Today's News Now|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;N'afọ 2020, E boro Edu ebubo ibipute foto adịgboroja nke ndị na-ekuku ikuku.Ndị otu ahụike Naịjirịa na Cross River steeti wepụrụ votu enweghị ntụkwasị obi n'Edu maka ebubo omume ọjọọ ndị ọkachamara na-ebo ya n'ihe gbasara ọrịa COVID-19.Edu kwuru na votu enweghị ntụkwasị obi bụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị.N'afọ 2022, n'oge ọ na-azọ ọkwa ka ọ bụrụ onyeisi ụmụ nwanyị mba APC,  e boro Edu ebubo na ọ na-eme omume rụrụ arụ.

&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Okafor|first=Chiamaka|date=2024-01-08|title=BREAKING: Humanitarian Ministry Scandal: Tinubu suspends Betta Edu|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/657050-breaking-humanitarian-ministry-scandal-tinubu-suspends-betta-edu.html|accessdate=2024-01-08|work=Premium Times Nigeria|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Tolu-Kolawole|first=Deborah|date=2024-01-08|title=BREAKING: Tinubu suspends Betta Edu over N585m scandal|url=https://punchng.com/breaking-tinubu-suspends-betta-edu-over-n585m-scandal/|accessdate=2024-01-08|work=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na 8Jenụwarị 2024, Onye isi ala [[Bola Tinubu|Bola Ahmed Tinubu]] kwụsịtụrụ ya n'ọkwa ya dị ka minista na-ahụ maka ihe gbasara ọrụ ebere na ibelata ịda ogbenye maka ihe a na-ekwu na ọ bụ nde mmadụ iri ise na ise na-eme n'ụlọ ọrụ ahụ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2024-01-08|title=Betta Edu: Nigerian poverty minister suspended over money in personal bank account|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-67914673|accessdate=2024-01-08|work=BBC News|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; isi ala Tinubu rịọrọ Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) maka nyocha zuru oke.

== Edensibia ==
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'''Angela Ajodo''' (amụrụ 30 Disemba 1972) bụ onye ọkpọ aka bọọlụ Naijiria. ọ gbara n'asọmpi 1992 Summer Olympics.. 

== Bọọlụ aka ==
 

== Edensibia ==
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{{Infobox officeholder|name=Pat LaMarche|birth_name=Patricia Helen LaMarche|birth_date={{birth date and age|1960|11|26}}|birth_place=[[Providence, Rhode Island|Providence]], [[Rhode Island]], [[United States|U.S.]]|death_date=|death_place=|party=[[Green Party of the United States|Green]]|spouse=Chad Bruce|children=2|education=[[Boston College]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]])&lt;br&gt;[[University of Amsterdam]]|image=[[File:Me becky john katahdin street (cropped).jpg|thumb|Pat LaMarche]]}}

'''Patricia Helen LaMarche''' (amuru na Nọvemba 26, 1960) bu onye ndọrọndọrọ ọchịchị America na onye ndọrọndọrọ ya na Green Party nke United States ; Ọ bụ onye ndoro-ndoro ochichi onye isi oche nke pati ahụ na 2004 United States ntuli aka onye isi ala, ya na [[David Cobb (onye na-eme ngagharị iwe)|David Cobb]] dịka onye ndoro-ndoro ochichi ya, ma bụrụ otu n'ime ndị isi oche asaa nke kọmitii mba nke pati ahụ, a họpụtara ya n'ọkwa ahụ na July 24, 2005. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.gp.org/press/pr_2005_07_26.shtml|title=2005.07.26: New Co-Chairs Elected|work=gp.org|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929092112/http://www.gp.org/press/pr_2005_07_26.shtml|archivedate=September 29, 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ mbido ==
LaMarche na Providence, Rhode Island, nke anọ n'ime foto ise.  O tolitere n’ebe a na-arụ ụlọ n’obodo ahụ.  [1] Nne na nna nne ya bụ ndị si ndiida Ireland kwabata.  [2] Nna ya, Paul Henri LaMarche, bụ nri, na nne ya, Genevieve (née Judge), bụ ike n'oge ahụ ma àgwà onye n'ihe nke steeti Maine na-arụ ọrụ.  Mgbe akara ahụ kwagara Bangor, Maine, na 1970s, LaMarche debara aha na John Bapst Memorial High School ebe ọ mmụta akwụkwọ n'ụdị elu nke klas ya.  Ọ gbara akwụkwọ afọ na anọ Boston

LaMarche laghachiri na Maine na 1982, n'afọ sokwa ya, ọ lụrụ Michael Russell. Ọ mụrụ ụmụ abụọ: Rebecca na 1985 na John na 1987. Patricia na Michael gbara alụkwaghịm na 1990. N'ọgwụgwụ 1980, ọ kwagara n'ọhịa mgbasa ozi wee were ya n'ọrụ na telivishọn na redio dị iche iche na mpaghara Bangor. LaMarche akụzierela mmekọrịta ọha na eze na ụlọ akwụkwọ nkwukọrịta nke Husson College wee buru isi Bangor isi nke Network Miracle ụmụaka .

X .

== Ndụ ọha ==
Ruo mgbe ọhụrụ nke mgbasa ozi osote onye isi ala ya, LaMarche na-arụ ọrụ site na ụlọ ọrụ redio obodo dị na Maine n'okpuru pseudonym nke Genny Judge;  Otú ọ dị, nke a malitere na nhọpụta ya

&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.upalapress.com/|title=Upala Press|work=upalapress.com|accessdate=2024-04-04|archivedate=2022-03-31|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331062139/http://www.upalapress.com/}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Na September 5, 2004, LaMarche na- Sign na ọ ga-eleta ma ihie n'ịhụn na ebe nchekwa ebe obibi na ime ihe ike n'ihe na United States niile &quot;iji dɔta uche gaa na ndị bi na nstụ nsogbu.&quot;  Mgbasa ozi ahụ ọpụpụ aha LaMarche nke a &quot;Njeịịgharị aka ekpe.&quot;  Hapụ na America, [1] Akwụkwọ LaMarche nke na-akọ njem ya na ebe nchekwa ndị America na-ahụ ebe obibi, ụgbọ na October 5, 2006, nke Upsala Press

=== 1998 ntuli aka gọvanọ ===
N'afọ 1998, LaMarchere ya ka ọ bụrụ onye ụgbọ okporo ígwè site n'aka ndị na-akwado Green Party na Maine Green Independent Party nominee.  N'agbanyeghị na ọ na-ebuli $20,000, egwu LaMarche meri 7% nke votu ahụ.  N'ihi na ajụ ya ihe mgba 5% nke akpọ votu, ọ opera mbụ na mere ihe mere eme nke steeti Maine iji nhọrọ aka maka otu ndị agha.

=== Nhoputa ndi ochichi nke 2006 ===
. Na December 8, 2005, LaMarche ọkọya na tiketi Maine Green Independent Party maka nhoputa ndi ochichi nke 2006 Maine ebo onye isi ochichi Democrat John Baldacci .  [1] Ọkwa ya nkwado, n'etiti ndị ọzọ, nke Chris Miller, onye bụbu onye agha , Democratic maka ibu onye primaries.  LaMarche bụ otu n'ime ndị Candidates Maine atọ bụ ndị were ọkụ nke Maine's Clean Election Act, mgbasa ozi na- ụtụ isi nke na- ndị na-eme atụmatụ aka na ego ọha ma ọ bụrụ na ha zutere ihe 2,500  $ 5 onyinye [2] Na November 2006, LaMarche ikike 51,992 votes (9.56% ) na ngwaahịa Maine maka nri

Ọbá akwụkwọ Congress na-edobe webụsaịtị LaMarche maka Gọvanọ na-adịgide adịgide site n'ọbá akwụkwọ nhoputa ndi ochichi 2006. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.pat2006.com/press/2006/oct/pr2006-10-07.php|title=pat2006.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929104912/http://www.pat2006.com/press/2006/oct/pr2006-10-07.php|archivedate=September 29, 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt; Saịtị ahụ nwetakwara ọtụtụ onyinye, gụnyere The Golden Dot Award as Best Local Campaign Website nke mkpọsa 2006 na ọgbakọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị n'ịntanetị kwa afọ emere na Washington, DC, na Machị 15, 2007, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://polc.ipdi.org/GoldenDots/shortlist.htm|title=Politics Online Conference 2007|accessdate=2007-06-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070307110152/http://polc.ipdi.org/GoldenDots/shortlist.htm|archivedate=March 7, 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt; Award Pollie sitere na American Association of Political Consultants (AAPC) na ngalaba webụsaịtị gubernatorial, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.theaapc.org/content/pollieawards/2007/2007_Winners.pdf|title=Archived copy|accessdate=2007-06-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070807004252/http://www.theaapc.org/content/pollieawards/2007/2007_Winners.pdf|archivedate=August 7, 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt; na An Honourable Mention sitere na AAPC maka teknụzụ mkpanaka ejiri na mkpọsa LaMarche. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.gp.org/press/pr_2007_03_21.shtml|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070329175601/http://www.gp.org/press/pr_2007_03_21.shtml|archivedate=2007-03-29|title=2007.03.21: LaMarche Website Wins Awards|work=gp.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nkwado na-enweghị ebe obibi na mmemme ==

=== #MemorialBlanket ===
N'afọ 2021, LaMarche kwuru okwu n'ememme ngụsị akwụkwọ maka ndị ọ na-achị nsogbu akụ na eji bụ ndị ga-ewere klas njikwa ego iji ụlọ ha na-ahụ ibi ndụ.  Mgbe o chetara nhazi ahụ na ọ dịghị onye nwere ike ịgbatị otu penny zuru oke iji na-enwe maka inwe obere pennies iji asụsụ - LaMarche kelere ndị nkụzi akwụkwọ ma wepụta oge mara ha nke ọma.  Otu ihe nwere ike na-adịgide adịgide, ngwaọrụ na ngwaọrụ adị ya nke nrọ ga-agụnye akwa akwa ụbọchị.  N'ịga n'iche n' ahụ, LaMarche ngosi na ya nwere ike ike nrụnye nka nke ga-enye ya nhọrọ ime nke ahụ ... NA ichetara obodo ya na ngwaọrụ ebe obibi na-egbu.  N'ezie - kwa awụ, n'ịbụ ndị ego ebe obibi, ndị na-akwado mba ahụ na-echeta ndị na-efunahụ n'okporo ụzọ ámá.  Disemba 21 - ụbọchị kacha ogologo n'afọ - bụ ụbọchị ahụ.  Matthew Best, Max Donnelly na Marsha Roscoe nwanne mbi LaMarche.  Site n'ọnụ nke ọtụtụ ndị omenkà na ndị ọrụ afọ, ha gbakọrọ aka wepụta blanketị 219 e ji aka mee, n'otu ụzọ, iji mee emume dị nsso.

N'afọ 2022, ọrụ ahụ la ike.  Oge a LaMarche haziri ihe omume ahụ iji mee ka West Lawn nke US Capitol mara mma .  Site na onyinye mmesapụ aka sitere na Evangelical Lutheran Church of America yana Nkwado ya na ọtụtụ puku ndị ọrụ afọ, nrụnye nka #memorialblanket mere n'ihu ụlọ kacha ike na mbara ala.

Emebere ọrụ #memorialblanket nke atọ maka Disemba 21, 2023 na State Capitol na Harrisburg. Ozi ndị ọzọ dị na www.memorialblanket.org

== Ọrụ ndị ọzọ ==
Site na 2007 ruo 2011, LaMarche dere otu kọlụm syndicated kwa izu nke ọmụmụ ike ịgụ na ahịrị na Bangor Daily News .  LaMarche bụkwa onye na-enye aka maka ozi ịntanetị na saịtị. New Clear Vision yana onye nke aka na Huffington Post

Tinyere akwụkwọ ya, LaMarche bụ osote onye isi oche nke Safe Harbour, ebe nchekwa ebe obibi dabere na Carlisle, Pennsylvania ruo ọtụtụ afọ.  Ọ la dị iche na Maine na June 2011, ebe Stephen King nyere ya nhọrọ echere okwu ngosi &quot; ihe na-adabere n'aka ekpe &quot;.  Ya na onye mgbasa ozi ya, Don Cookson, LaMarche ụdị na ihe ngosi WZON The Pulse ụtụtụ ise kwa izu.  Na Nọvemba 2011, iji welite ego dabara adaba na onyunyo sitere n'aka Stephen King iji nye ụmụ oyi maka Mainers na-Maye, LaMarche ፈተ ya ibi otu izu ibi na &quot;Hobbit Hole&quot; n'Ụdị, n'agbanyeghị ikike Maine  nwere nkwado.  O kwu ike ihe ahụ na 2012, na-enweta ọtụtụ puku dollar na onya.  Mgbasa ozi ikpeazụ ya na ihe nkiri ụtụtụ bụ Nọvemba 16, 2012

Mgbe ọ la mfe na Pennsylvania, ya na Rick Smith rụkọrọ ọrụ na Rick Smith Show si Harrisburg.  LaMarche na Smith gara njem dị kilomita 9800 nke US, na-agbasa ozi n'iji wee jiri akwụkwọ nke abụọ ya, Papa, Gịnị bụ klaas etiti?  Ọ na-arụ ọrụ iji nyere aka ike ogbenye na Appalachia

LaMarche na onye na-akwado ndị na-Maye ebe obibi, Diane Nilan, na-eme njem mgbe nile na-ekwu okwu maka ụlọ ọrụ na mahadum ,amaama na-eto eto n'etiti ndị kasị daa ogbenye bi America.  Ha na-ezo aka na onwe ha dị ka ụmụ ọhụrụ nke iwe dị ka ụtụ maka nkuzi dị mkpa nke John Steinbeck nyere n'iche ya bụ The Grapes of Wrath

&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Staff|first=Sentinel|title=Author Profile: Pat LaMarche|url=https://cumberlink.com/entertainment/local-scene/author-profile-pat-lamarche/article_052937c3-bc20-5843-b541-74394e662dfe.html|work=The Sentinel|date=June 19, 2019|language=en|access-date=April 4, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240404031602/https://cumberlink.com/entertainment/local-scene/author-profile-pat-lamarche/article_052937c3-bc20-5843-b541-74394e662dfe.html|archive-date=April 4, 2024|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;Na June 2019, LaMarche edi akwụkwọ, Magic Diary site na Sunbury Press

Na 2020, Sunbury Press ndị ሰሙ ndị LaMarche na- njikọ ifo ለመለየት ogbenye na United States - usoro nke akwụkwọ o dere na-esochi ọchịchị ya maka osote onye isi ala.  Akwụsịkwaghị ya na America na- መሪ anya onye nta ndị n'ime na n'ahụ ndụ ndụ ebe obibi

Akwụkwọ diski LaMarche, Priscilla the Princess of the Park, ahụ bụ nke otu usoro nke anọ, [1] na-ahụ maka ngwaọrụ ebe obibi site n'anya agadi na ndị na-eto eto ọ na-emeta enyi na akwụkwọ  .  Ndị na- uru uru, Charles Bruce Foundation ndidi ya

Akwụkwọ akwụkwọ ozi ọhụrụ, Kursid Kids, bụ fim ya na nwa ya dị afụ mgbe ahụ, Ronan Russell.  Ọ na-achọta ala dị obere na echiche echiche na pusi iche iche nke nwere ike ekiri ebe obibi

=== Jenụwarị 2023 - Stringer maka mgbama Bucks County ===
LaMarche na-amalite ikpuchi iti Harrisburg maka akwụkwọ mpaghara mpaghara Philadelphia.  Edemede mbụ nke na Jenụwarị 25

== Ihe odide ala ala peeji ==
{{Reflist}}

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060101204537/http://www.pat2006.com/ Onye ọrụ Pat LaMarche maka weebụsaịtị Gọvanọ]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110423232827/http://new.bangordailynews.com/author/pat-lamarche/ Kọlụm LaMarche maka akụkọ Bangor Daily]
* [http://www.huffingtonpost.com/pat-lamarche LaMarche dị ka onye ntinye aka na Huffington Post]
* [https://www.authorsguild.net/services/members/2846 Ibe profaịlụ Ndị Guild ndị ode akwụkwọ]
* Appearances  
* Appearances   (alt)
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{{s-ppo}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Winona LaDuke]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Green Party of the United States|Green]] nominee for [[Vice President of the United States]]|years=[[2004 United States presidential election|2004]]}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Rosa Clemente]]}}
{{s-end}}
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[[Usòrò:A_view_of_Karton_city_from_Gazela_bridge.JPG|thumb|300x300px| Echiche nke obodo Karton site na akwa Gazela tupu nchụpụ ahụ]]
&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.slobodnaevropa.org/content/karton_siti_raseljen/1811649.html U Beogradu raseljen “Karton siti”]&lt;/ref&gt;Obodoboodu ( Serbian : Картон сити, Karton siti ) bụ akwụkwọ na-adịghị mma, ma ọ bụ nkewapụtara na mpaghara dị ka akwụkwọ ọcha, n'ụzọ bụ isi mkpọmkpọ ebe n'isi obodo Serbia .  Ọ dị na obodo Belgrade nke Novi Beograd .  A ịchụpụ ya kpamkpam ma ndị ya na 2009

== Nkwazi ==
Ọtụtụ n'ime ụlọ ndị dị n'ime obodo Cardboard ka e wuru, dị ka aha ya na-egosi, site na kaadiboodu ma ọ bụ ihe ndị ọzọ na-ahụ ewu ewu, dị ka plywood ma ọ bụ akpa nylon .  Ebe obibi ahụ akara obodo (ụzọ ụzọ, mmiri pọmpụ, nchekwa mmiri, ọkụ eletrịka).

Ebe obibi ahụ dị n'okpuru àkwà mmiri Gazela na Stari železnički .  Ndozi ahụ dị kilomita ole na ole site na ogbe ndida Belgrade, dị nso na Block 19 na Block 20, na n'ụzọ dị iche na họtel akwụkwọ ise Hyatt Regency Belgrade na Continental Hotel Belgrade

Enwere mmadụ 986 bi na obodo Cardboard (ụmụ nwoke 501; ụmụ nwanyị 485) nke 278 n'ime ha bụ ụmụaka bi na &quot;ụlọ&quot; 237 dịka ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị isi obodo mere na August 2007. 
[[Usòrò:Typical_family_house_in_karton_city.jpg|thumb|300x300px| Ụlọ a na-ahụkarị nke dị na obodo Karton]]
The City Government mara ọkwa na 2005 na ọ ga-Ppụ ndị bi na akwụkwọ n'ime ọhụrụ, mere nke nwa oge akpa ụlọ na mpaghara agbata nke Dr Ivan Ribar na Blokovi .  Enwetaghị ụgwọ a site na Nkwado nke ndị bi na mpaghara ahụ.  Ha iya ka obodo ahụ gbasasa ndị bi na mpaghara ahụ dum, na Dedinje, agbata obi kacha baa n'ọnụ na Belgrade na nchekwa ndị mmadụ n'enyeghị ha ọrụ ma ọ bụ ndị nkwado eme ihe ọ lla.  Ha kwuru na ihe ya bụ egwuregwu obodo ahụ ka ha tọhapụ ala ahụ maka ọrụ ọrụ.  Ụfọdụ ndị NGO dịgasị iche obodo ahụ, na-akpọkwa ndị na-eme chere na ha bụ ike ike, ma ụfọdụ na-egosi na-egosi nke obodo ahụ tụpụtara ihe mma, n'ụzọ akụ na-ahụ na nke ọha mmadụ.  Mgbe ọtụtụ ọnwa nke ọnụ na-eche iwe iwe, obodo ahụ anụ nchụpụ ahụ

Na Julaị 2007, uzo obodo [1] kwuputara uzo ha ibuputa ezinarọ 245 e mere ngosi na nwere mmadụ 1,500 site na nhazi ahụ n'oge opupu ihe ubi 2008, n'ihi nhazi nke akwa mmiri Gazela .  Otú ọ dị, e nyeghị data otú na ebe a ga-esi kwaga ebe obibi, ma ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị bi na nhazi ahụ ahụ n'August 2007&lt;ref&gt;[[Politika]] daily, August 2, 2007, p.8&lt;/ref&gt;

Na Mee 2009, e mere mkpebi na a ga-achụpụ Carboard City n'ọgwụgwụ June (ngụkọta ezinụlọ 176). A gwara ezinaụlọ na a ga-achụpụ ha n'obodo ahụ n'ime ụbọchị iri anọ na ise. Ezinụlọ ndị bi na Belgrade, 112 n'ime ha, ka a ga-achụpụ nwa oge n'ime arịa ndị a ga-etinye n'ofe mpaghara Belgrade, ebe ezinụlọ 62 fọdụrụnụ ga-eweghachite n'ógbè ha si malite ma bụrụ ọrụ gọọmentị. Ezinụlọ ndị bi na Belgrade ga-enwe ikike inweta enyemaka mmadụ, ebe naanị ọnọdụ bụ na ụmụ ha ga-agarịrị ụlọ akwụkwọ. A mara ọkwa na nwughari na nrụzi nke àkwà mmiri Gazela nwere ike ịmalite ozugbo nchụpụ ahụ gasịrị. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.blic.rs/beograd.php?id%3D93217|title=Blic Online &amp;#124; Beograd &amp;#124; Grad raseljava &quot;Karton siti&quot;|accessdate=2009-09-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090825082741/http://www.blic.rs/beograd.php?id=93217|archivedate=2009-08-25}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'August 31, 2009, a chụpụrụ obodo kaadiboodu kpam kpam, ma ezinaụlọ niile ebigharịrị na obodo Belgrade ise, ma ọ bụ laghachi na mpaghara ebe ha si na mpụga Belgrade.

== Hụkwa ==

* Rome na Serbia

== Ntụaka ==

* ''Beograd - atụmatụ grada'' ; M@gic M@p, 2006; 
&lt;references /&gt;

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20241211165905/http://www.beogradgazela.net/en/das_buch.php Beograd Gazela - Nduzi njem na ọnụ ụlọ.] Akwụkwọ akụkọ obodo kaadiboodu n'akụkụ àkwà mmiri Gazela.
[[Òtù:Ịda ogbenye]]</text>
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    <title>Mpaghara Transgender</title>
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[[Usòrò:Compton's_Transgender_Cultural_District_20190728.jpg|thumb| Ihe ụzọ na-agụ &quot;Compton's Transgender Cultural District&quot; na-ama nke okporo ụzọ Eddy na Mason na Tenderloin.  A na-eji agba na-agbara, pink na ọcha na-ese okporo osisi ndị dị n'azụ .]]
mgbaàmà Transgender, nke a na-akpọbu Compton's Transgender Cultural District, bụ mpaghara transgender izizi ama n'ụzọ iwu n'ụwa.  Akpọrọ aha mgbe izizi izizi nke transgender na ndị na-eso ụzọ na-esolite ntolite United States, Compton's Cafeteria riot nke 1966, mpaghara ahụ okpukpe ihe isii na ndị na-eme egwuregwu Tenderloin, San Francisco, wee gbara Market Street ka ngosipụta abụọ nke Sixth Street.  Ọ bụ Honey Mahogany, Janetta Johnson, na Aria Sa'id akwụkwọ ya&lt;ref name=&quot;sfweek-6feb2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Sawyer|first=Nuala|title=The First Transgender District in the Nation Gets a New Director|url=http://www.sfweekly.com/news/the-first-transgender-district-in-the-nation-gets-a-new-director/|accessdate=June 21, 2019|work=[[SF Weekly]]|date=February 6, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190621141502/http://www.sfweekly.com/news/the-first-transgender-district-in-the-nation-gets-a-new-director/|archive-date=June 21, 2019|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;forbes-26feb2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Tovar|first=Virgie|title=First Ever Transgender Cultural District Co-Founded By #XLBossLady Aria Sa'id|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/virgietovar/2019/02/26/first-ever-transgender-cultural-district-co-founded-by-xlbosslady-aria-said/|accessdate=June 21, 2019|work=[[Forbes]]|date=February 26, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;npr-28jan2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Veltman|first=Chloe|title=San Francisco's Storied Transgender Community Now Has An Official Home|url=https://www.npr.org/2019/01/28/687733897/san-franciscos-storied-transgender-community-now-has-an-official-home|accessdate=June 21, 2019|work=[[NPR]]|date=January 28, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;guardian-21jun2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Levin|first=Sam|title=Compton's Cafeteria riot: a historic act of trans resistance, three years before Stonewall|url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2019/jun/21/stonewall-san-francisco-riot-tenderloin-neighborhood-trans-women|accessdate=June 21, 2019|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=June 21, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;sfexam-26jun2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Rodriguez|first=Joe Fitzgerald|title=SF posts new street signs and trans Pride flags across Compton's Transgender Cultural District|url=https://www.sfexaminer.com/the-city/sf-posts-new-street-signs-and-trans-pride-flags-across-comptons-transgender-cultural-district/|accessdate=June 26, 2019|work=[[San Francisco Examiner]]|date=June 26, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190626174537/https://www.sfexaminer.com/the-city/sf-posts-new-street-signs-and-trans-pride-flags-across-comptons-transgender-cultural-district/|archive-date=June 26, 2019|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;cnn-23may2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=America's first transgender cultural district|url=https://www.cnn.com/videos/us/2019/05/23/san-francisco-tenderloin-transgender-community-pride-digi-prod.cnn|accessdate=July 19, 2019|work=[[CNN]]|date=May 23, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Honey Mahogany jere ozi dị ka onye isi nchịkwa mbụ nke Transgender District, Aria Sa'id sochiri ya. N'August 2023, Breonna McCree na Carlo Gomez Arteaga weghaara ọrụ dịka ndị isi ngalaba. &lt;ref name=&quot;bar-30aug2023&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Ferrannini|first=John|title=New trans district EDs excited to build community power|url=https://www.ebar.com/story.php?ch=News&amp;sc=News&amp;id=327971|accessdate=August 30, 2023|work=[[Bay Area Reporter]]|date=August 30, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;out-20nov2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Willis|first=Raquel|title=How We Can End the Violence Against Trans Women of Color|url=https://www.out.com/print/2019/11/20/how-we-can-end-violence-against-trans-women-color|accessdate=November 22, 2019|work=[[Out (magazine)|Out]]|date=November 20, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;Ndị otu San Francisco Board of Supervisors hibere mpaghara omenala site na iwu na 2017. N'afọ Julaị afọ 2019, bọọdụ ahụ ekenyela $300,000 na ego iji kwado mpaghara.  [1] mpaghara akwadoro maka 2020 ụlọ ụlọ ọrụ nke ga-enye ọrụ maka ndị trans mpaghara

Na Machị 2020, mpaghara ahụ kwupụtara mgbanwe aha ka ọ bụrụ naanị Mpaghara Transgender. Onye isi nchịkwa Aria Sa'id kọwara na ha achọghị &quot;ịga n'ihu na-asọpụrụ [Gene Compton] na ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ ya&quot;, n'ihi na &quot;ọ bụ nnukwu ihe kpatara eji nwụde ndị eze nwanyị, ndị queer na trans folks&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;bar-20mar2020&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Ferrannini|first=John|title=Online Extra: SF transgender district drops cafeteria owner's name|url=https://www.ebar.com/news/latest_news//289682/online_extra:_sf_transgender_district_drops_cafeteria_owners_name|accessdate=March 20, 2020|work=[[Bay Area Reporter]]|date=March 20, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;bar-21apr2022&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Bajko|first=Matthew|title=Political Notes: Panel switches supervisorial home for SF transgender district|url=https://www.ebar.com/news/latest_news//314908|accessdate=May 26, 2022|work=[[Bay Area Reporter]]|date=April 21, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;N'April 2022, San Francisco Redistricting Task Force nakweere ma mpaghara ọhụrụ nke bufere ọtụtụ mpaghara Transgender site na District 6 ruo District 5, kpasuo ụfọdụ ndị otu obodo iwe. &lt;ref name=&quot;kron-29apr2022&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Ferrannini|first=John|title=Task force OKs final controversial map of SF districts|url=https://www.kron4.com/news/bay-area/task-force-oks-final-controversial-map-of-sf-districts/|accessdate=May 26, 2022|work=[[KRON-TV]]|date=April 29, 2022|archive-date=May 27, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220527004518/https://www.kron4.com/news/bay-area/task-force-oks-final-controversial-map-of-sf-districts/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na Mee 2022, mpaghara ahụ mara ọkwa na ha ga- ranar na mmemme nganga nke Obodo na Ógbè San Francisco na-akwado.  Mkpebi a bụ nzaghachi nye onye isi obodo London Breed na- ranar na nganga nganga 2022, na-eso asị San Francisco Pride machibido ndị uwe ojii ime njem n'uwe.  [1] N'elu ọkọlọtọ nke obodo nta na ogbako ndị nta akụkọ na June 2, Mayor Breed mara ɔkwa na Nganga erutela ... ya na ndị uwe ojii, na ọ ga-agakwa ọzọ na-ahụ ahụ.  Onye isi mpaghara Transgender Aria Sa'id gara n'ịkwalite ọkọlọtọ mgbe ọ matachara ọhụrụ ọhụrụ ahụ  . &lt;ref name=&quot;bar-2jun2022&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Burkett|first=Eric|title=After SF Pride, police reach compromise, Mayor Breed, gay supe Dorsey to march in parade|url=https://www.ebar.com/index.php?id=316123|accessdate=June 2, 2022|work=[[Bay Area Reporter]]|date=June 2, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na June 2022, Board of Supervisors tozuru oke iji wepụta njikọ nke okporo ụzọ Turk na Taylor dị na mpaghara ahụ ka ọ bụrụ akara ngosi akụkọ ihe mere eme. &lt;ref name=&quot;bar-7jun2022&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Burkett|first=Eric|title=SF supervisors unanimously vote to support historic intersection in Trans district|url=https://www.ebar.com/index.php?id=316260|accessdate=June 8, 2022|work=[[Bay Area Reporter]]|date=June 7, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ntụaka ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

[[Òtù:Ịda ogbenye]]</text>
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'''Reginald Reynolds Amponsah''' (30 Disemba 1919 - 3 June 2009) bụ onye ọkpụite Ghana na onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke nzuko omeiwu mbụ nke Republic nke Abụọ na-anọchite anya mpaghara Mampong North na mpaghara Ashanti nke Ghana.  Ọ bụ onye minista steeti na gọọmentị Busia.

== Mmụta ==
Amponsah gụsịrị akwụkwọ sekọndrị ya na Achimota School n'afọ 1942. Ọ bụ onye isi ụlọ akwụkwọ n'afọ ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;buried&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|date=2009-06-20|title=R R Amponsah to be buried on September 3|work=GhanaWeb|publisher=|url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/artikel.php?ID=167189|accessdate=2010-06-08}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'etiti ndị enyi ya bụ Victor Owusu, K. B. Asante, na Silas Dodu. E nyere ya agụmakwụkwọ iji mụọ ite ite na Stoke na Trent na [[Obodoézè Nà Ofú|United Kingdom]]. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Reginald Reynolds Amponsah|url=http://rr-amponsah.gonetoosoon.org/memorial/|accessdate=2008-06-08|publisher=GoneTooSoon.|archivedate=2011-07-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726123212/http://rr-amponsah.gonetoosoon.org/memorial/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ==

=== Republic mbụ ===
Amponsah na-emegide United Party na mba mbụ. Gọọmentị Kwame Nkrumah, e boro ya ebubo na ọ na-akpa nkata ịkwatu ọchịchị Convention People's Party tinyere Victor Owusu, Apaloo, William Ofori Atta, Dzenkle Dzewu Joe Appiah na Major Awhaitey. N'oge a na-agba BBC ajụjụ ọnụ, o kwuru banyere njide ya na 1958 na &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.graphicghana.com/news/page.php?news=1962|title=R.R. Amponsah Is Dead|accessdate=2010-06-08|date=2009-06-10|author=Lucy Adoma Yeboah|publisher=Daily Graphic Online|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419020944/http://www.graphicghana.com/news/page.php?news=1962|archive-date=2012-04-19|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Otu onye uwe ojii Britain bịakwutere m wee sị &quot;a na-ejide gị&quot;, &quot;O wepụrụ egbe sị&quot; bịa ozugbo ma ọ bụ m ga-afụpụ isi gị.&quot;

A tụrụ Amponsah mkpọrọ n'ebughị ụzọ kpee ya ikpe n'okpuru Iwu Mkpọrọ. Ọ nọrọ ebe ahụ site na 1958 ruo mgbe a kwaturu ọchịchị na 24 Febụwarị 1966 nke mere ka gọọmentị Kwame Nkrumah daa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Hayford Atta-Krufi|date=2009-06-15|title=NPP UK and Ireland Mourns R. R. Amponsah|work=GhanaWeb|publisher=|url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/diaspora/artikel.php?ID=163741|accessdate=2010-06-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Republik nke Abụọ ===
Kofi Abrefa Busia họpụtara Amponsah dị ka Minista na-ahụ maka ala, akụrụngwa, ọhịa na anụ ọhịa na gọọmentị Progress Party ya. E mechara họpụta ya ka ọ bụrụ Minista agụmakwụkwọ ma malite usoro maka mgbanwe na agụmakwụkwọ bụ isi na Ghana.&lt;ref name=&quot;buried&quot;/&gt;

=== Republic nke anọ ===
N'oge mba nke anọ, ọ bụ onyeisi oche nke Council of Elders of New Patriotic Party (NPP).  O nwere mmetụta n'ịchịkọta otu dị iche iche n'ime NPP ruo n'afọ 2008 ntuli aka onye isi ala na ụlọ omeiwu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.thestatesmanonline.com/pages/news_detail.php?section=1&amp;newsid=791|title=R R Amponsah unites Yilo Krobo NPP|accessdate=2010-06-08|author=Peter Abban|date=2006-10-04|publisher=StatesmanOnline}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe omume ndị ọzọ ==
Amponsah bụ onyeisi oche nke ụlọ ọrụ ụgbọ elu Ghana Airways na-adịghịzi adị n'afọ ndị afọ 1960. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Encyclopedia of African airlines|author=Guttery|first=Ben R.|year=1998|publisher=McFarland &amp; Co Inc|isbn=978-0-7864-0495-7|pages=291|url=https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/search?index=books&amp;linkCode=qs&amp;keywords=0786404957|accessdate=2010-08-23}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ onwe ==
A mụrụ Amponsah na Daaman nso Asante Mampong na Sekyere West District nke Ashanti Region nke Ghana. Ọ lụrụ di ma nwee ụmụ anọ. E liri ya na 3 Septemba 2009 na Adudwan, nke dịkwa nso na Asante Mampong . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.ghanamma.com/latest-news/9776-rr-amponsah-goes-home.html|title=RR Amponsah Goes Home|accessdate=2010-08-23|date=2009-09-04|author=Kwaku Oteng|publisher=GhanaMma.com|archive-date=2009-09-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090908014823/http://www.ghanamma.com/latest-news/9776-rr-amponsah-goes-home.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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| caption        = 
| director       = Djibril Diop Mambéty
| producer       = Waka Films, Maag Daan, Renardes Productions
| writer         = Djibril Diop Mambéty
| based_on       = 
| starring       = Lissa Baléra, Tayerou M’Baye, Oumou Samb, Moussa Baldé, Dieynaba Laam, Martin N’Gom
| music          = Wasis Diop
| screenplay     = Djibril Diop Mambéty
| cinematography = Jacques Besse
| editing        = Sarah Taouss-Matton
| studio         = 
| distributor    = California Newsreel California Newsreel Productions
| released       = {{Film date|1999|2|01|International Film Festival Rotterdam}}
| runtime        = 45'
| country        = Senegal
| language       = Wolof
}}La Petite Vendeuse de Soleil (ma ọ bụ The Little Girl Who Sold the Sun) bụ Ihe nkiri ihe nkiri Ndị Senegal nke 1999, nke Djibril [[Diop Mambéty]] duziri na nke gosipụtara na mgbe mbu nke ọbọdọ ọ nwụsịrị na 1998.

La Petite Vendeuse de Soleil bụ ihe nkiri na-ebuli ndụ na nkwa a hụrụ n'etiti ndị Senegal nkịtị. Ọ na-egosi nwa agbọghọ na-arịọ arịrịọ, Sili, onye bụkwa onye nwere nkwarụ, onye na-eji ntinye maka nkà mmụta sayensị nnyocha mkpara, jiri obi ike na-agafe obodo nke ihe mgbochi, na-aghọ nwa agbọghọ mbụ na-ere akwụkwọ akụkọ mba &quot;Le Soleil&quot; n'asọmpi nke ndị na-ere ahịa akwụkwọ akụkọ ụmụ nwoke. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Pittsburgh|first=40 W. North Ave|title=Sembène Film Festival: The Little Girl Who Sold the Sun (Senegal)|url=https://www.alphabetcity.org/events/sembene-film-festival-the-little-girl-who-sold-the-sun-senegal/|accessdate=2020-11-24|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-01-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210116183016/https://www.alphabetcity.org/events/sembene-film-festival-the-little-girl-who-sold-the-sun-senegal/}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Mambéty raara ihe nkiri ikpeazụ a nye &quot;obi ike nke ụmụaka nọ n'okporo ámá&quot;.  Ndị na-abụghị ndị ọkachamara na-eme ihe nkiri na-eme nke ọma na ntinye aka nke ụmụaka nọ n'okporo ámá.

E gosipụtara ya dị ka akụkụ nke International Forum of New Cinema na 49th Berlin International Film Festival na 1999 na dị ka isite na akụkụ ọzara nke ya nke New York Film Festival na 2019. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Classics and Rediscoveries at the New York Film Festival|url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2019/09/30/classics-and-rediscoveries-at-the-new-york-film-festival|accessdate=2020-11-24|work=The New Yorker|language=en-us}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E bu n'obi na La Petite Vendeuse de Soleil bụ ihe nkiri nke abụọ n'ime ụkpụrụ ezubere mmadụ trilogy n'okpuru aha, Tales of Ordinary People . Otú ọ dị, ọnwụ mberede nke Mambety na 1998 gbochiri mmezu nke ihe nkiri nke atọ.

== Nkọwa ==
Na Dakar, ire akwụkwọ akụkọ n'okporo ámá bụ ọrụ ụmụ nwoke na-arụ mgbe niile. Mana otu ụtụtụ, Sili, nwa okorobịa na-arịọ arịrịọ, na-agbagha iwu ahụ pụrụ iche. Afọ ya ejighị n'aka, n'agbata afọ 10 na 13, ọ na-agagharị n'okporo ámá site n'enyemaka nke mkpara ya. Ọ rịọrọ maka enyemaka n'otu ebe nkiri Miami na egosi na ụmụ okorobịa ahụ na-ere akwụkwọ ha, mana taa ha na-awakpo ya ma ọ dara, na-atụgharị ugboro onabatara ajụjụ ugboro. Nke ahụ bụ; ya onwe ya ga-ere akwụkwọ akụkọ malite echi.

== Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri ==

* Lissa Balera dị ka &quot;Sili&quot;
* Dieynaba Laam dị ka &quot;Nne nne&quot;
* Tayerou M'Baye dị ka &quot;Babou Seck&quot;
* Martin N'Gom dị ka &quot;Onye ndú Gang&quot;
* Oumou Samb dị ka &quot;Nwanyị Na-enweghị Nkwado&quot;

== Ntọhapụ ==
La Petite Vendeuse de Soleil malitere na 1 Febụwarị 1999 na International Film Festival Rotterdam ma meghee na mmemme ihe nkiri ndị ọzọ na ụbọchị ndị e nyere n'okpuru ebe a.
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!Ógbè
!Ụbọchị a tọhapụrụ ya
!Ememme
|-
! style=&quot;background: #ccccff;&quot; |[[Netherlands]]
| style=&quot;background: #f7f8ff; white-space: nowrap;&quot; |1 Febụwarị 1999
| style=&quot;background: #f7f8ff; white-space: nowrap;&quot; |Emume ihe nkiri mba ụwa nke Rotterdam
|-
! style=&quot;background: #ccccff;&quot; |[[Jémanị|Germany]]
| style=&quot;background: #f7f8ff; white-space: nowrap;&quot; |20 Febụwarị 1999
| style=&quot;background: #f7f8ff; white-space: nowrap;&quot; |Emume Ihe nkiri Mba Nile nke Berlin&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.berlinale.de/en/archiv/jahresarchive/1999/02_programm_1999/02_Programm_1999.html|title=Berlinale Archive – Annual Archives – 1999 Programme|publisher=Berlin International Film Festival|accessdate=2011-01-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! style=&quot;background: #ccccff; white-space: nowrap;&quot; |[[New Zealand]]
| style=&quot;background: #f7f8ff; white-space: nowrap;&quot; |27 Julaị 1999
| style=&quot;background: #f7f8ff; white-space: nowrap;&quot; |Emume ihe nkiri Wellington
|-
! style=&quot;background: #ccccff;&quot; |[[Kánada|Canada]]
| style=&quot;background: #f7f8ff; white-space: nowrap;&quot; |12 Septemba 1999
| style=&quot;background: #f7f8ff; white-space: nowrap;&quot; |Emume Ihe nkiri Mba Nile nke Toronto
|-
! style=&quot;background: #ccccff;&quot; |[[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|U.S.A.]]
| style=&quot;background: #f7f8ff; white-space: nowrap;&quot; |Ọktoba 1999
| style=&quot;background: #f7f8ff; white-space: nowrap;&quot; |Emume Ihe nkiri Mba Nile nke Chicago
|-
! style=&quot;background: #ccccff;&quot; |[[Hong Kong]]
| style=&quot;background: #f7f8ff; white-space: nowrap;&quot; |21 Eprel 2000
| style=&quot;background: #f7f8ff; white-space: nowrap;&quot; |Emume ihe nkiri mba ụwa nke Hong Kong
|-
! style=&quot;background: #ccccff;&quot; |[[Norway]]
| style=&quot;background: #f7f8ff; white-space: nowrap;&quot; |1 Mee 2002
| style=&quot;background: #f7f8ff; white-space: nowrap;&quot; |Kristiansand International Children's Film Festival
|}

=== Ịtọhapụ Ụlọ ===
A tọhapụrụ La Petite Vendeuse de Soleil (The Little Girl who Sold the Sun) na DVD jikotara na ya na ọhụrụ Le Franc ma California Newsreel Productions na-ekesa ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.newsreel.org/video/TALES-OF-ORDINARY-PEOPLE|title=California Newsreel – TALES OF ORDINARY PEOPLE|publisher=California Newsreel|accessdate=2011-01-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nzaghachi nkatọ ==
Nzaghachi ndị nkatọ na ihe nkiri ahụ dị mma. Onye nyocha màkà ọmúmúThe New York Times, A.O. Scott kọwara ihe nkiri ahụ dị ka &quot;ọrụ magburu onwe ya nke ụmụ mmadụ&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9903E6DA103AF937A15752C1A9669C8B63|title=With Ties to Africa but Varied Lives All Their Own|work=NYTimes.com|first=A. O.|author=Scott|date=24 November 2000}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* &quot;Ihe nkiri ikpeazụ nke onye Senegal na-eme ihe nkiri Djibril Diop Mambéty (1945-98) bụ akụkọ ifo na-atọ ọchị n'ahịa banyere nwa agbọghọ nwere nkwarụ, nwa nwa nke onye na-agụ egwu n'okporo ámá kpuru ìsì, onye na-eme onwe ya ka ọ bụrụ onye na-ere akwụkwọ akụkọ. Akara ahụ na-efe efe, ihe atụ ahụ dịkwa oke. &quot;Olu Obodo
* &quot;Rọm nke Djibril Diop Mambety agbaala karịa ihe ngosi, na-efe efe dị ka anyanwụ na-eri anụ&quot;. - Ecrans d'AfriqueIhe nkiri ndị e sere n'Afrịka

== Ndị a nabatara ==
La Petite Vendeuse de Soleil nwetara onyinye na nhọpụta dị iche iche, na nhọpụta na ngalaba sitere na mmata nke ihe nkiri ahụ n'onwe ya na edemede ya, ntụziaka na nhazi ya, na ọhụrụ kpakpando nke ọbọdọ na mpaghara na arụmọrụ nke onye na-eme ihe nkiri, Lissa Balera. A họpụtara ya dị ka otu n'ime ihe nkiri iri kachasị mma nke afọ 2000 site na Village Voice.
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable plainrowheaders&quot;
!Afọ
!Emume Ihe nkiri
!Ihe nrite
!Ụdị
!Ndị natara ya
!Nsonaazụ
|-
! rowspan=&quot;6&quot; |1999
|Emume Cinema nke Mba Nile nke Castellinaria
|Nkwupụta Pụrụ Iche
|Ime ihe nkiri
|Lissa Balera| {{Won}}
|-
|International Biennal maka Egwú Ihe nkiri
|Ihe nrite mba ụwa maka ihe nkiri na egwu mgbasa ozi
|Nkwupụta Pụrụ Iche
|Wasis Diop| {{Won}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Namur International Festival of French-Speaking Film
|Ihe nrite nkwalite ACCT
|Onye na-eme ihe nkiri / Onye na-ese ihe nkiri nke South
|Lissa Balera| {{Won}}
|-
|Golden Bayard
|Ihe nkiri kacha mma (Ihe nkiri kacha mma nke Francophone) 
|[[Diop Mambéty]]| {{Nom}}
|-
|Ihe nrite pụrụ iche nke ndị ọka ikpe
|
|[[Diop Mambéty]]| {{Won}}
|-
|Ihe nrite Procirep
|
|[[Diop Mambéty]]| {{Won}}
|-
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2000
|Aspen Shortsfest
|Ellen
|
|[[Diop Mambéty]]| {{Won}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.aspenfilm.org/index.php/sf-archives/63-shortsfest-2000/312-shortsfest-2000-awards |title=Shortsfest 2000 Awards |access-date=2011-01-29 |archive-date=2012-03-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120310090932/http://www.aspenfilm.org/index.php/sf-archives/63-shortsfest-2000/312-shortsfest-2000-awards |url-status=dead |accessdate=2024-05-12 |archivedate=2012-03-10 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120310090932/http://www.aspenfilm.org/index.php/sf-archives/63-shortsfest-2000/312-shortsfest-2000-awards }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Emume ihe nkiri ụmụaka nke Chicago International
|Ihe nrite ndị okenye
|Ihe nkiri dị mkpirikpi ma ọ bụ vidiyo - Ihe nkiri
|[[Diop Mambéty]]| {{Won}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.cicff.org/bin/file/docs/Award%20List%202000.pdf |title=17th ANNUAL CHICAGO INTERNATIONAL CHILDREN'S FILM FESTIVAL 2000 AWARDS |publisher=CICFF |access-date=2011-01-29 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120504130440/http://www.cicff.org/bin/file/docs/Award%20List%202000.pdf |archive-date=2012-05-04 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Emume ihe nkiri Pan African nke Los Angeles
|Nke kacha mma
|
|[[Diop Mambéty]]| {{Won}}
|-
|}

== Ihe odide ==
{{Reflist}}

; Akwụkwọ

* {{Cite web|url=http://www.newsreel.org/guides/francpetite.htm|title=LE FRANC and LA PETITE VENDEUSE DE SOLEIL – Notes for Viewing the Film|publisher=California Newsreel|accessdate=2011-01-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101211093658/http://www.newsreel.org/guides/francpetite.htm|archive-date=2010-12-11|url-status=dead}}
* {{Cite web|url=http://www.users.interport.net/n/e/newsreel/films/petiteve.htm|title=petite vendeuse de Soleil (The Little Girl Who Sold the Sun)|accessdate=2011-01-29}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Nwaanyị Na-ere AnyanwụnaAllMovie
* {{IMDb title|0196848}}
* Nwaanyị Na-ere AnyanwụnaTomato rere ure
* Nwaanyị Na-ere AnyanwụnaEbe nchekwa data ihe nkiri TCM
*
{{Djibril Diop Mambéty}}
[[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
      <sha1>9ymhdagudghi4vffsbgn3ebflta18hv</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ntuli aka nke ụlọ ndị nnọchi anya Naijiria na 2015 na Lagos Steeti</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="60508" sha1="iinzoedjqycjilj2ns1s6bc0rji86vp" xml:space="preserve">{{Election box begin no change|title=2015 Nigerian House of Representatives election in Lagos State}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change|party=All Progressives Congress|candidate=Taofeek Adaranijo|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box hold with party link no change|winner=All Progressives Congress}}
{{Election box end}}E mere ntuli aka 2015 nke ụlọ ndị nnọchi anya Naijiria na [[Ȯra Lagos|Lagos Steeti]] na onwa Machị 28, 2015, iji họpụta ndị otu Ụlọ Ndị Nnọchiteanya ka ha nọchite anya Lagos Steeti, Naijiria.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Lagos APC loses seven House of Reps seats to PDP and Accord Party|date=April 8, 2015|url=https://encomium.ng/lagos-apc-loses-seven-house-of-reps-seats-to-pdp-and-accord-party/|accessdate=2021-10-30|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nchịkọta ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Mmekọrịta
! colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Nnukwu oriri
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ngụkọta
|-
| style=&quot;background-color:{{party color|All Progressives Congress}}&quot; |
| style=&quot;background-color:{{party color|Action Congress of Nigeria}}&quot; |
| style=&quot;background-color:{{party color|Accord (Nigeria)}}&quot; |
| style=&quot;background-color:{{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}&quot; |
|-
![[All Progressives Congress|APC]]
![[Action Congress|ACN]]
!A
![[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]
|-
!Tupu Nhọrọ
| -
|24
| -
| -
|24
|-
!Mgbe A Na-ahọrọ Ya
|17
| -
|1
|6
|24
|-
|}

== Nchịkọta ==
{| class=&quot;sortable wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:95%;line-height:14px;&quot;
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Mpaghara
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |[[Incumbent|Onye nọ n'ọkwa]]
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Nnukwu oriri
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Onye nnọchi anya a họpụtara
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Nnukwu oriri
|-
|Agege
|Samuel Babatunde Adejare
| style=&quot;background:{{party color|Action Congress of Nigeria}};&quot; |
|[[Action Congress|ACN]]
|Taofeek Adaranijo
| style=&quot;background:{{party color|All Progressives Congress}};&quot; |
|[[All Progressives Congress|APC]]
|-
|Ajeromi/Ifelodun
|Taiwo Oyewole Adenekan
| style=&quot;background:{{party color|Action Congress of Nigeria}};&quot; |
|[[Action Congress|ACN]]
|Rita Orji
| style=&quot;background:{{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}};&quot; |
|[[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]
|-
|Alimosho
|Adeola Solomon
| style=&quot;background:{{party color|Action Congress of Nigeria}};&quot; |
|[[Action Congress|ACN]]
|Olufemi Adebanjo
| style=&quot;background:{{party color|All Progressives Congress}};&quot; |
|[[All Progressives Congress|APC]]
|-
|Amuwo Odofin
|Olukolu Ganiyu
| style=&quot;background:{{party color|Action Congress of Nigeria}};&quot; |
|[[Action Congress|ACN]]
|Oghene Egoh
| style=&quot;background:{{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}};&quot; |
|[[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]
|-
|Apapa
|Adewale Babatunde
| style=&quot;background:{{party color|Action Congress of Nigeria}};&quot; |
|[[Action Congress|ACN]]
|Ayodeji Josef
| style=&quot;background:{{party color|All Progressives Congress}};&quot; |
|[[All Progressives Congress|APC]]
|-
|Badagry
|Arinola Nabamiro
| style=&quot;background:{{party color|Action Congress of Nigeria}};&quot; |
|[[Action Congress|ACN]]
|Bamgbose Josef
| style=&quot;background:{{party color|All Progressives Congress}};&quot; |
|[[All Progressives Congress|APC]]
|-
|Epe
|Lanre Odubotei
| style=&quot;background:{{party color|Action Congress of Nigeria}};&quot; |
|[[Action Congress|ACN]]
|Tasir Raji
| style=&quot;background:{{party color|All Progressives Congress}};&quot; |
|[[All Progressives Congress|APC]]
|-
|Eti-Osa
|Babajide Hazeez
| style=&quot;background:{{party color|Action Congress of Nigeria}};&quot; |
|[[Action Congress|ACN]]
|Babajide Hazeez
| style=&quot;background:{{party color|All Progressives Congress}};&quot; |
|[[All Progressives Congress|APC]]
|-
|Ibeju-Lekki
|Abayomi Ayeola
| style=&quot;background:{{party color|Action Congress of Nigeria}};&quot; |
|[[Action Congress|ACN]]
|Abayomi Abdul-Kabir Ayeola
| style=&quot;background:{{party color|All Progressives Congress}};&quot; |
|[[All Progressives Congress|APC]]
|-
|Ifako/Ijaiye
|Ogunnisi Micheal Abayomi
| style=&quot;background:{{party color|Action Congress of Nigeria}};&quot; |
|[[Action Congress|ACN]]
|Adewale Oluwatayo
| style=&quot;background:{{party color|All Progressives Congress}};&quot; |
|[[All Progressives Congress|APC]]
|-
|Ikeja
|[[Abiodun James Faleke|Abiodun Faleke]]
| style=&quot;background:{{party color|Action Congress of Nigeria}};&quot; |
|[[Action Congress|ACN]]
|[[Abiodun James Faleke|Abiodun Faleke]]
| style=&quot;background:{{party color|All Progressives Congress}};&quot; |
|[[All Progressives Congress|APC]]
|-
|Ikorodu
|[[Abike Dabiri]]
| style=&quot;background:{{party color|Action Congress of Nigeria}};&quot; |
|[[Action Congress|ACN]]
|Babajimi Benson
| style=&quot;background:{{party color|All Progressives Congress}};&quot; |
|[[All Progressives Congress|APC]]
|-
|Kosofe
|Jacob Ekundayo
| style=&quot;background:{{party color|Action Congress of Nigeria}};&quot; |
|[[Action Congress|ACN]]
|Agunsoye Oluwarotimi
| style=&quot;background:{{party color|All Progressives Congress}};&quot; |
|[[All Progressives Congress|APC]]
|-
|Àgwàetiti Lagos nke Mbụ
|Olajumoke Abiodun Okoya
| style=&quot;background:{{party color|Action Congress of Nigeria}};&quot; |
|[[Action Congress|ACN]]
|[[Enitan Badru]]
| style=&quot;background:{{party color|All Progressives Congress}};&quot; |
|[[All Progressives Congress|APC]]
|-
|Àgwàetiti Lagos nke Abụọ
|Balogun Yakub Abiodun
| style=&quot;background:{{party color|Action Congress of Nigeria}};&quot; |
|[[Action Congress|ACN]]
|Balogun Yakub Abiodun
| style=&quot;background:{{party color|All Progressives Congress}};&quot; |
|[[All Progressives Congress|APC]]
|-
|Lagos Mainland
|Monsuru Alao Owolabi
| style=&quot;background:{{party color|Action Congress of Nigeria}};&quot; |
|[[Action Congress|ACN]]
|Jimoh Abdul
| style=&quot;background:{{party color|All Progressives Congress}};&quot; |
|[[All Progressives Congress|APC]]
|-
|Mushin nke Mbụ
|David Kako bụ
| style=&quot;background:{{party color|Action Congress of Nigeria}};&quot; |
|[[Action Congress|ACN]]
|David Kako bụ
| style=&quot;background:{{party color|Accord (Nigeria)}};&quot; |
|A
|-
|Mushin nke Abụọ
|Ganiyu Adunjoye Hamzat
| style=&quot;background:{{party color|Action Congress of Nigeria}};&quot; |
|[[Action Congress|ACN]]
|Bolaji Ayinla
| style=&quot;background:{{party color|All Progressives Congress}};&quot; |
|[[All Progressives Congress|APC]]
|-
|Anya
|Isiaka Oluwatoyin
| style=&quot;background:{{party color|Action Congress of Nigeria}};&quot; |
|[[Action Congress|ACN]]
|Tajudeen Obasa
| style=&quot;background:{{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}};&quot; |
|[[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]
|-
|Oshodi/Isolo nke Mbụ
|Fatai Moruf Akinderu
| style=&quot;background:{{party color|Action Congress of Nigeria}};&quot; |
|[[Action Congress|ACN]]
|Mutiu Shadimu
| style=&quot;background:{{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}};&quot; |
|[[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]
|-
|Oshodi/Isolo nke Abụọ
|Muniru Abiodun Hakeem
| style=&quot;background:{{party color|Action Congress of Nigeria}};&quot; |
|[[Action Congress|ACN]]
|Tony Nwulu
| style=&quot;background:{{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}};&quot; |
|[[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]
|-
|Shomolu
|Ayodeji Labib Jakande
| style=&quot;background:{{party color|Action Congress of Nigeria}};&quot; |
|[[Action Congress|ACN]]
|Oyewole Diya
| style=&quot;background:{{party color|All Progressives Congress}};&quot; |
|[[All Progressives Congress|APC]]
|-
|Nnukwu ihe osise
|[[Femi Gbaja Biamila|Femi Gbajabiamila]]
| style=&quot;background:{{party color|Action Congress of Nigeria}};&quot; |
|[[Action Congress|ACN]]
|[[Femi Gbaja Biamila|Femi Gbajabiamila]]
| style=&quot;background:{{party color|All Progressives Congress}};&quot; |
|[[All Progressives Congress|APC]]
|-
|Nnukwu ihe osise nke Abụọ
|Kazeem Ali Babatunde
| style=&quot;background:{{party color|Action Congress of Nigeria}};&quot; |
|[[Action Congress|ACN]]
|Olatunji Soyinka
| style=&quot;background:{{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}};&quot; |
|[[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]
|}

== Nsonaazụ ==

=Agege ===
Onye na-azọ ọkwa onyeisiala nke APC bụ Taofeek Adaranijo Atunwa meriri ntuli aka ahụ, na-emeri ndị ọzọ na-azọrọ ọkwa onyeisiales. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2016-04-06|title=President Buhari Will Get Final Details Of 2016 Budget This Week: Says Legislator|url=https://guardian.ng/life/whatsnew/president-buhari-will-get-final-details-of-2016-budget-this-week-says-legislator/|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US|archivedate=2020-08-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804175302/https://guardian.ng/life/whatsnew/president-buhari-will-get-final-details-of-2016-budget-this-week-says-legislator/}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2018-06-07|title=Biography Of Taofeek Adaranijo|url=https://www.medianigeria.com/biography-of-taofeek-adaranijo/|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=Media Nigeria|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Why we exchanged blows at National Assembly,APC law maker, Hon. Adaranijo justifies fracas|date=June 25, 2015|url=http://enco

=== Ajeromi/Ifelodun ===
Onye na-azọ ọkwa onyeisiala na PDP bụ Rita Orji meriri ntuli aka ahụ, na-emeri ndị ọzọ na-azọrọ ọkwa onyeisiale. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nigeria ScoreCard|url=https://www.nigeriascorecard.com/representative/view/barr-(mrs)-rita-orji/244|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=www.nigeriascorecard.com|archivedate=2021-10-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211030093521/https://www.nigeriascorecard.com/representative/view/barr-(mrs)-rita-orji/244}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2018-01-14|title=APC Unity Forum mobilises for 2019|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/apc-unity-forum-mobilises-2019/|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=The Nation Newspaper|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=23 Apr 2018|title=2019: PDP Reps from Lagos want auto ticket|url=https://www.pressreader.com/nigeria/daily-trust/20180423/281728385119839|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=Daily Trust}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2015-07-19|title=Nigeria: I'll Document Ajegunle's Plight to United Nations - Lawmaker|url=https://fojusi.com/directory/news/nigeria-ill-document-ajegunles-plight-to-united-nations-lawmaker/|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=Fojusi|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-10-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211030132055/https://fojusi.com/directory/news/nigeria-ill-document-ajegunles-plight-to-united-nations-lawmaker/}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Lagos APC loses seven House of Reps seats to PDP and Accord Party|date=April 8, 2015|url=https://encomium.ng/lagos-apc-loses-seven-house-of-reps-seats-to-pdp-and-accord-party/|accessdate=2021-10-30|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2015-10-04|title=My challenges as an Ajegunle lawmaker - Reps member|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/ssouth-west/191021-my-challenges-as-an-ajegunle-lawmaker-reps-member.html|accessdate=2021-10-30|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Election: Court Orders INEC To Announce House Of Reps Result For Ajeromi/Ifelodun Constituency|url=https://www.channelstv.com/2019/04/06/election-court-orders-inec-to-announce-house-of-reps-result-for-ajeromi-ifelodun-constituency/|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=Channels Television}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Chirkpi|first=Lizzy|date=2019-04-30|title=Rep Rita Orji loses reelection bid to represent Ajeromi/Ifelodu federal constituency|url=https://orderpaper.ng/rep-rita-orji-loses-reelection-bid-to-represent-ajeromi-ifelodu-federal-constituency/|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=ORDER PAPER|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-10-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211030093525/https://orderpaper.ng/rep-rita-orji-loses-reelection-bid-to-represent-ajeromi-ifelodu-federal-constituency/}}&lt;/ref&gt; [7] [8] [6] [7] [6] [7] 18 [6] 20 [6] [7]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Rita Orji:Happy Birthday Bash to Ajeromi-Ifelodun Female Legislator|url=https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/news/230691/rita-orjihappy-birthday-bash-to-ajeromi-ifelodun-female-leg.html|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=Nigerian Voice}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2019-04-05|title=Orji hails judiciary over Ajeromi/Ifelodun federal constituency inconclusive poll|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/orji-hails-judiciary-over-ajeromi-ifelodun-federal-constituency-inconclusive-poll/|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=Tribune Online|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=PDP wins House of Reps election in Ajeromi-Ifelodun LGA|url=https://www.onepageafrica.com/2015/03/30/pdp-candidate-emerges-winner-in-ajeromi/|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=One Page Africa|date=June 4, 2020|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Executive has taken over functions of legislature, judiciary in Nigeria –Ex-Reps member, Rita Orji|url=https://www.newtelegraphng.com/executive-has-taken-over-functions-of-legislature-judiciary-in-nigeria-ex-reps-member-rita-orji/|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=New Telegraph|date=January 23, 2021|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2018-09-30|title=Hon. Rita Orji empowers Ajeromi-Ifelodun youths|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/09/hon-rita-orji-empowers-ajeromi-ifelodun-youths/|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Rita Orji: The Iron Lady Of Grassroots Politics|url=https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/news/204174/rita-orji-the-iron-lady-of-grassroots-politics.html|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=Nigerian Voice}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Igbo Candidates Win Lagos Reps Seats - P.M. News|url=https://pmnewsnigeria.com/2015/03/31/igbo-candidates-win-lagos-reps-seats/|accessdate=2021-10-30|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-05-21|title=Electoral violence is the major cause of women staying away from politics in Nigeria — Rita Orji|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/electoral-violence-is-the-major-cause-of-women-staying-away-from-politics-in-nigeria-rita-orji/|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=Tribune Online|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Public offices held by Rita Orji in Nigeria|url=https://citizensciencenigeria.org/public-offices/persons/rita-orji|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=citizensciencenigeria.org|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Members Ajeromi-Ifelodun House of Representatives, National Assembly from 1999–2021|url=https://citizensciencenigeria.org/public-offices/positions/5fe0fafe8da2d812a6c7b761/|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=citizensciencenigeria.org|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Oladele|first=David|date=2019-04-05|title=Court judgement: Declare me winner now - Rep Orji tells INEC|url=https://www.legit.ng/1231741-court-judgement-declare-winner-rep-orji-tells-inec.html|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=Legit.ng - Nigeria news.|language=en|archivedate=2021-10-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211030093521/https://www.legit.ng/1231741-court-judgement-declare-winner-rep-orji-tells-inec.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=You are being redirected...|url=https://9jalegal.com.ng/ill-document-ajegunles-plight-to-united-nations-lawmaker/|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=9jalegal.com.ng|archivedate=2021-10-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211030093522/https://9jalegal.com.ng/ill-document-ajegunles-plight-to-united-nations-lawmaker/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-06-04|title=PDP mourns with former Rep, Rita Orji, over mother's death|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/06/pdp-mourns-with-former-rep-rita-orji-over-mothers-death/|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Election box begin no change|title=2015 Nigerian House of Representatives election in Lagos State}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change|party=All Progressives Congress|candidate=Olufemi Adebanjo|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box hold with party link no change|winner=All Progressives Congress}}
{{Election box end}}

=== Alimosho ===
Onye na-azọ ọkwa onyeisiala nke APC bụ Olufemi Adebanjo meriri ntuli aka ahụ, na-emeri ndị ọzọ na-azọrọ ọkwa onyeisiales. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title='My goodwill and that of my party gave me victory at the poll' – Hon. Femi Adebanco|date=April 21, 2015|url=https://encomium.ng/my-goodwill-and-that-of-my-party-gave-me-victory-at-the-poll-hon-femi-adebanjo/|accessdate=2021-10-30|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2018-06-07|title=Biography Of Olufemi Adebanjo|url=https://www.medianigeria.com/biography-of-olufemi-adebanjo/|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=Media Nigeria|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2018-03-31|title=Alimosho APC leaders laud Ambode over completion of 21 Lagos-Ogun boundary roads|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/03/965751/|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2016-06-19|title=Election Violence: APC Chieftains Advocate Prosecution of Alleged Killers of Members|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2016/06/19/election-violence-apc-chieftains-advocate-prosecution-of-alleged-killers-of-members/|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=THISDAYLIVE|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Akinola|first=Wale|date=2019-03-03|title=Reps member reveals how Dogara allegedly prevented him from speaking for 4 years|url=https://www.legit.ng/1225170-how-dogara-prevented-airing-views-4-years-reps-member.html|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=Legit.ng - Nigeria news.|language=en|archivedate=2021-10-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211030115422/https://www.legit.ng/1225170-how-dogara-prevented-airing-views-4-years-reps-member.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nigeria ScoreCard|url=https://www.nigeriascorecard.com/representative/view/olufemi-bandele-adebanjo/229|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=www.nigeriascorecard.com|archivedate=2021-10-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211030115422/https://www.nigeriascorecard.com/representative/view/olufemi-bandele-adebanjo/229}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Ogunsemore|first=John|date=2019-02-25|title=Adebanjo Wins Re-Election Into Alimosho Federal Constituency Seat|url=https://ourcommunity.ng/adebanjo-wins-re-election-into-alimosho-federal-constituency-seat/|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=Our Community|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-10-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211030115422/https://ourcommunity.ng/adebanjo-wins-re-election-into-alimosho-federal-constituency-seat/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2018-05-28|title=Free Wi-Fi centre opens in Alimosho LG|url=http://communitystandard.com.ng/free-wi-fi-centre-opens-in-alimosho-lg/|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=Community Standard|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-10-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211030115423/http://communitystandard.com.ng/free-wi-fi-centre-opens-in-alimosho-lg/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2018-10-10|title=APC National Assembly Primaries: Hon. Gbajabiamila, Hon. Taiwo, Hon. Benson, Prince Sanusi, Others Secure House of Reps Tickets -|url=http://www.theimpactnewspaper.com/2018/10/10/apc-national-assembly-primaries-hon-gbajabiamila-hon-taiwo-hon-benson-prince-sanusi-others-secure-house-of-reps-tickets/|accessdate=2021-10-30|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Election box begin no change|title=2015 Nigerian House of Representatives election in Lagos State}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change|party=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|candidate=Oghene Egoh|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box hold with party link no change|winner=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}
{{Election box end}}

=== Amuwo Odofin ===
Onye  ọtu nke PDP bụ Oghene Egoh meriri ntuli aka ahụ, na-emeri ndị ọzọ zokwara. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2015-04-11|title=Elected House Of Rep Member Escapes Assassination Attempt In Lagos|url=https://www.naijaloaded.com.ng/news/elected-house-of-rep-member-escapes-assassination-attempt-in-lagos|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=Naijaloaded|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-11-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211104035255/https://www.naijaloaded.com.ng/news/elected-house-of-rep-member-escapes-assassination-attempt-in-lagos}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2016-11-19|title=Lawmaker condemns facilities at Kirikiri prison|url=https://dailytrust.com/lawmaker-condemns-facilities-at-kirikiri-prison|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=Daily Trust|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=31 May 2016|title=PDP is Uniting all Factions, Says Egoh|url=https://www.pressreader.com/nigeria/thisday/20160531/281951722069880|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=This Day}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2017-02-27|title=Rep empowers Amuwo-Odofin widows|url=http://megalagos.org/news/rep-empowers-amuwo-odofin-widows/|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=MegaLagos.org|language=en-GB|archivedate=2021-10-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211030132108/http://megalagos.org/news/rep-empowers-amuwo-odofin-widows/}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2015-06-15|title=Lagos non-indigenes can contest, win elections - New lawmaker|url=https://thecitizenng.com/lagos-non-indigenes-can-contest-win-elections-new-lawmaker/|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=TheCitizen - It's all about you|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2018-01-19|title=Rep Oghene Egoh urges Nigerians to be law abiding, uphold unity|url=https://www.today.ng/news/politics/rep-oghene-egoh-urges-nigerians-law-abiding-uphold-unity-63053|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=TODAY|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2017-07-22|title=Lagos LG Polls: PDP candidates are running on the party's platform- Oghene -Egoh|url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/lagos-lg-polls-pdp-candidates-are-running-on-the-partys-platform-oghene-egoh/|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=The Sun Nigeria|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2019-03-07|title=Hon Oghene Egoh Clinches Return Ticket In Amuwo-Odofin|url=https://festaconline.com.ng/hon-oghene-egoh-clinches-return-ticket-in-amuwo-odofin/|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=FestacOnline|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Odunsi|first=Wale|date=2017-07-20|title=Oghene Egoh is an ingrate - PDP blasts Rep member for attacking Makarfi|url=https://dailypost.ng/2017/07/20/oghene-egoh-ingrate-pdp-blasts-rep-member-attacking-makarfi/|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=Daily Post Nigeria|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2018-11-06|title=Uwheru Monarch Lauds Achievements Of Oghene Egoh Of Lagos Rep|url=https://urhobotoday.com/uwheru-monarch-lauds-achievements-of-oghene-egoh-of-lagos-rep/|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=Urhobo Today|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2018-10-08|title=Egoh wins PDP Reps primaries in Amuwo Odofin|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/10/egoh-wins-pdp-reps-primaries-in-amuwo-odofin/|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nigeria ScoreCard|url=https://www.nigeriascorecard.com/representative/view/oghene-emma-egoh/236|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=www.nigeriascorecard.com|archivedate=2021-10-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211030132106/https://www.nigeriascorecard.com/representative/view/oghene-emma-egoh/236}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Election box begin no change|title=2015 Nigerian House of Representatives election in Lagos State}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change|party=All Progressives Congress|candidate=Ayodeji Joseph|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box hold with party link no change|winner=All Progressives Congress}}
{{Election box end}}

=== Apapa ===
Onye  ọtu nke APC bụ Ayodeji Joseph meriri ntuli aka ahụ, na-emerikwa ndị ọzọ zọkwara.. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2018-02-19|title=Lawmaker urges youths to shun crime|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/lawmaker-urges-youths-shun-crime-2/|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=The Nation Newspaper|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Members Apapa House of Representatives, National Assembly from 1999–2021|url=https://citizensciencenigeria.org/public-offices/positions/5fe0fafd8da2d812a6c7b737|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=citizensciencenigeria.org|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Public offices held by Ayodeji Joseph in Nigeria|url=https://citizensciencenigeria.org/public-offices/persons/ayodeji-joseph/|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=citizensciencenigeria.org|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2015-12-03|title=Reps Member, Ayodeji Joseph Praises Ambode On Security|url=https://www.thegazellenews.com/news/reps-member-ayodeji-joseph-praises-ambode-on-security/|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=The Gazelle News|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-10-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211030133756/https://www.thegazellenews.com/news/reps-member-ayodeji-joseph-praises-ambode-on-security/}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2015-09-17|title=PDP loses bid to upturn Hon. Ayodeji's election to House of Reps, Apapa Constituency|url=https://insidemainland.com/2015/09/17/pdp-loses-bid-to-upturn-hon-adedejis-election-to-house-of-reps-apapa-constituency/|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=InsideMainland|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2015-08-13|title=Finding Permanent Solution To Apapa Gridlock Is My Major Concern - Hon. Ayodeji Joseph|url=http://www.completenewsng.com/finding-permanent-solution-to-apapa-gridlock-is-my-major-concern-hon-ayodeji-joseph/|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=Complete News|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nigeria ScoreCard|url=https://www.nigeriascorecard.com/representative/view/ayodeji-adebayo-joseph/230|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=www.nigeriascorecard.com|archivedate=2021-10-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211030133755/https://www.nigeriascorecard.com/representative/view/ayodeji-adebayo-joseph/230}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2018-06-06|title=Biography Of Ayodeji Joseph|url=https://www.medianigeria.com/biography-of-ayodeji-joseph/|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=Media Nigeria|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Apapa Federal Constituency: Hon. Ayodeji Joseph Is The Best Man For The Job – Tomori – Abusidiqu|url=https://www.abusidiqu.com/apapa-federal-constituency-hon-ayodeji-joseph-is-the-best-man-for-the-job-tomori/|accessdate=2021-10-30|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-10-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211030133757/https://www.abusidiqu.com/apapa-federal-constituency-hon-ayodeji-joseph-is-the-best-man-for-the-job-tomori/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2014-11-04|title=Ayodeji Joseph: Legacies of a robust achiever, by Uthman Giwa -|url=https://theeagleonline.com.ng/ayodeji-joseph-legacies-of-a-robust-achiever-by-uthman-giwa/|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=The Eagle Online|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Election box begin no change|title=2015 Nigerian House of Representatives election in Lagos State}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change|party=All Progressives Congress|candidate=Bamgbose Joseph|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box hold with party link no change|winner=All Progressives Congress}}
{{Election box end}}

=== Badagry ===
Onye  ọu nke APC bụ Bamgbose Joseph meriri ntuli aka ahụ, na-emeri ndị ọzọ zọkwara.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nigeria ScoreCard|url=https://www.nigeriascorecard.com/representative/view/bamgbose-joseph-h/234|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=www.nigeriascorecard.com|archivedate=2021-10-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211030145038/https://www.nigeriascorecard.com/representative/view/bamgbose-joseph-h/234}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2018-06-07|title=Biography Of Joseph Bamgbose|url=https://www.medianigeria.com/biography-of-joseph-bamgbose/|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=Media Nigeria|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-04-09|title=HON. BAMGBOSE HONTONYON JOSEPH v. MR. BABATUNDE HUNPE &amp; ORS (2019)|url=https://lawcarenigeria.com/hon-bamgbose-hontonyon-joseph-v-mr-babatunde-hunpe-ors-2019/|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=LawCareNigeria|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Lagos APC Primaries: Tension in Badagry over non-release of result - P.M. News|url=https://pmnewsnigeria.com/2018/10/10/lagos-apc-primaries-tension-in-badagry-over-non-release-of-result/|accessdate=2021-10-30|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=Apr 15, 2020|title=Ex-lawmaker donates food items|url=https://www.pressreader.com/nigeria/the-nation-nigeria/20200415/281672552073837|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211030145040/https://www.pressreader.com/nigeria/the-nation-nigeria/20200415/281672552073837|archivedate=Oct 30, 2021|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=The Nation}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Members Badagry House of Representatives, National Assembly from 1999–2021|url=https://citizensciencenigeria.org/public-offices/positions/5fe0faf58da2d812a6c7b582|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=citizensciencenigeria.org|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Public offices held by Joseph Bamgbose in Nigeria|url=https://citizensciencenigeria.org/public-offices/persons/5feb8a46f8c7352c52566cbe/|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=citizensciencenigeria.org|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Election box begin no change|title=2015 Nigerian House of Representatives election in Lagos State}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change|party=All Progressives Congress|candidate=Tasir Raji|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box hold with party link no change|winner=All Progressives Congress}}
{{Election box end}}

=== Epe ===
Onye ọ tu APC bụ Tasir Raji meriri ntuli aka ahụ, na-emeri ndị ọzọ zọ kwara.{{Election box begin no change|title=2015 Nigerian House of Representatives election in Lagos State}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change|party=All Progressives Congress|candidate=Babajide Hazeez|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box hold with party link no change|winner=All Progressives Congress}}
{{Election box end}}

=== Eti-Osa ===
Onye otu APC bụ Babajide Hazeez meriri ntuli aka ahụ, na-emeri ndị ọzọ zokwara. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title='Why I'm going to House of Reps' - Ghanamma.com|url=https://www.ghanamma.com/2011/03/26/why-im-going-to-house-of-reps/|accessdate=2021-10-30|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-10-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211030160353/https://www.ghanamma.com/2011/03/26/why-im-going-to-house-of-reps/}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=#RecallNASS {{!}} No Confidence In Lagos Reps|date=August 23, 2015|url=https://recallnass.com/2015/08/23/no-confidence-in-lagos-reps/|accessdate=2021-10-30|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-10-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211030160354/https://recallnass.com/2015/08/23/no-confidence-in-lagos-reps/}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2016-04-15|title=We did not pad Code of Conduct Bureau budget - Hon. Akinloye|url=https://homelandnewsng.com/other-news/3668-we-did-not-pad-code-conduct-bureau-budget-hon-akinloye|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=Homeland News|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-10-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211030160354/https://homelandnewsng.com/other-news/3668-we-did-not-pad-code-conduct-bureau-budget-hon-akinloye}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2018-09-07|title=Akinloye Hazeez Babajide Biography and Detailed Profile|url=http://www.politiciansdata.com/content/akinloye-hazeez-babajide/|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=Politicians Data|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2018-06-07|title=Biography Of Akinloye Babajide|url=https://www.medianigeria.com/biography-of-akinloye-babajide/|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=Media Nigeria|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Public offices held by Hazeez Babajide Akinloye in Nigeria|url=https://citizensciencenigeria.org/public-offices/persons/hazeez-babajide-akinloye/|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=citizensciencenigeria.org|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Members Eti Osa House of Representatives, National Assembly from 1999–2021|url=https://citizensciencenigeria.org/public-offices/positions/5fe0faf98da2d812a6c7b665|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=citizensciencenigeria.org|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Election box begin no change|title=2015 Nigerian House of Representatives election in Lagos State}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change|party=All Progressives Congress|candidate=Abayomi Abdul-Kabir Ayeola|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box hold with party link no change|winner=All Progressives Congress}}
{{Election box end}}

=== Ibeju-Lekki ===
Onye nke APC bụ Abayomi Abdul-Kabir Ayeola meriri ntuli aka ahụ, na-emeri ndị ọzọ zokwara. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2018-12-30|title=Lagos Rep member, Ayeola, dies|url=https://punchng.com/lagos-rep-member-ayeola-dies/|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2019-01-16|title=Senate adjourns plenary in honour of late Rep, Ayeola|url=https://punchng.com/breaking-senate-adjourns-plenary-in-honour-of-late-rep-ayeola/|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nigeria ScoreCard|url=https://www.nigeriascorecard.com/representative/view/bamgbose-joseph-h/234|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=www.nigeriascorecard.com|archivedate=2021-10-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211030145038/https://www.nigeriascorecard.com/representative/view/bamgbose-joseph-h/234}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2019-01-16|title=Reps adjourn sitting in honour of late colleague, former president Shehu Shagari|url=https://thenewsguru.com/nigeria-news/reps-adjourn-sitting-honour-late-colleague-former-president-shehu-shagari/|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=TheNewsGuru|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Adesanya|first=Adeleke|date=2016-10-21|title=Nigerians should thank Aisha Buhari for saying the truth – Hon. Abayomi|url=https://www.thepointng.com/nigerians-should-thank-aisha-buhari-for-saying-the-truth-hon-abayomi/|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=The Point|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2018-12-30|title=Federal Lawmaker Dies In Lagos|url=https://www.solacebase.com/2018/12/30/federal-lawmaker-dies-in-lagos/|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=SolaceBase|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Ehiabhi|first=Vincent|date=2015-03-19|title=US VP Calls Jonathan About Use Of Card Reader, Read What He Said|url=https://www.legit.ng/405410-what-us-vp-told-jonathan-about-use-of-card-reader.html|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=Legit.ng - Nigeria news.|language=en|archivedate=2021-10-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211030170113/https://www.legit.ng/405410-what-us-vp-told-jonathan-about-use-of-card-reader.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=We'll ensure dividend of democracy is evenly shared – Ambode …Celebrates Eid-El-Kabir with Ibeju Lekki Community|url=https://globalpatriotnews.com/well-ensure-dividend-of-democracy-is-evenly-shared-ambode-celebrates-eid-el-kabir-with-ibeju-lekki-community/|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=Global Patriot Newspapers|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-10-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211030170119/https://globalpatriotnews.com/well-ensure-dividend-of-democracy-is-evenly-shared-ambode-celebrates-eid-el-kabir-with-ibeju-lekki-community/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2019-01-16|title=2019 Budget: Reps for Second Reading Thursday|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/2019-budget-reps-second-reading-thursday/|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=The Nation Newspaper|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2014-02-10|title=Lagos State Governor Fashola uses Dangote to entice Ibeju Lekki Chiefs to Surrender Lands|url=http://pointblanknews.com/pbn/news/lagos-state-governor-fashola-uses-dangote-to-entice-ibeju-lekki-chiefs-to-surrender-lands/|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=Pointblank News|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2019-01-17|title=Reps begin debate on 2019 budget today|url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/reps-begin-debate-on-2019-budget-today/|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=The Sun Nigeria|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2018-12-30|title=Breaking! Ibeju-Lekki House of Representatives Member, Abayomi Aiyeola Is Dead|url=https://blackboxnigeria.com/breaking-ibeju-lekki-house-of-representatives-member-abayomi-aiyeola-is-dead/|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=Blackbox Nigeria|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2018-12-30|title=Lagos House of Reps member, Abayomi Ayeola dies|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/12/lagos-house-of-reps-member-abayomi-ayeola-dies/|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2018-12-31|title=House Loses Lagos Lawmaker, Ayeola|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2018/12/31/house-loses-lagos-lawmaker-ayeola/|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=THISDAYLIVE|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2015-03-18|title=Why PDP is still afraid of card reader - Rep Ayeola|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2015/03/why-pdp-is-still-afraid-of-card-reader-rep-ayeola/|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Election box begin no change|title=2015 Nigerian House of Representatives election in Lagos State}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change|party=All Progressives Congress|candidate=[[Abiodun Faleke]]|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box hold with party link no change|winner=All Progressives Congress}}
{{Election box end}}

=== Ifako/Ijaiye ===
Onye na-azọ ọkwa onyeisiala nke APC bụ Adewale Oluwatayo meriri ntuli aka ahụ, na-emeri ndị ọzọ zokwara.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2016-07-21|title=Lagos Rep, Adewale Oluwatayo is dead|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/07/lagos-rep-adewale-oluwatayo-dead/|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2016-07-23|title=Ifako-Ijaye Federal Constituency, Lagos mourn Adewale|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/07/ifako-ijaye-federal-constituency-lagos-mourn-adewale/|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2016-07-21|title=House of Reps Member Adewale Oluwatayo Passes On|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2016/07/house-of-reps-member-adewale-oluwatayo-passes-on/|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=BellaNaija|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Members Ifako-Ijaiye House of Representatives, National Assembly from 1999 - 2021|url=https://citizensciencenigeria.org/public-offices/positions/5feb8a0af8c7352c5256632c/|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=citizensciencenigeria.org|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Public offices held by Adewale Oluwatayo in Nigeria|url=https://citizensciencenigeria.org/public-offices/persons/adewale-oluwatayo|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=citizensciencenigeria.org|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2016-07-21|title=Lagos Rep, Adewale, dies|url=https://punchng.com/lagos-rep-dies/|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Election box begin no change|title=2015 Nigerian House of Representatives election in Lagos State}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change|party=All Progressives Congress|candidate=Babajimi Benson|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box hold with party link no change|winner=All Progressives Congress}}
{{Election box end}}

=== Ikeja ===
Onye na-azọ ọkwa onyeisiala nke APC bụ [[Abiodun James Faleke|Abiodun Faleke]] meriri ntuli aka ahụ, na-emeri ndị ọzọ na-azọkwa.{{Election box begin no change|title=2015 Nigerian House of Representatives election in Lagos State}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change|party=All Progressives Congress|candidate=Agunsoye Oluwarotimi|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box hold with party link no change|winner=All Progressives Congress}}
{{Election box end}}

=== Ikorodu ===
Onye na-azọ ọkwa onyeisiala nke APC bụ Babajimi Benson meriri ntuli aka ahụ, na-emeri ndị ọzọ na-azọkwa onye isi ala. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-03-26|title=Hon. Babajimi Benson: The People's Representative|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/03/26/hon-babajimi-benson-the-peoples-representative/|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=THISDAYLIVE|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Vincent|first=Lucky|date=2015-01-21|title=I Will Bring Change To Ikorodu - Jimi Benson|url=https://www.legit.ng/368100-i-will-bring-development-to-ikorodu-jimi-benson.html|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=Legit.ng - Nigeria news.|language=en|archivedate=2021-10-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211030195858/https://www.legit.ng/368100-i-will-bring-development-to-ikorodu-jimi-benson.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=none|url=https://www.pressreader.com/nigeria/thisday/20150816/282935269063176|accessdate=2021-10-30}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Aina|first=Idris|date=2018-10-04|title=Ikorodu lawmaker secures second term ticket unopposed|url=https://insidemainland.com/2018/10/04/ikorodu-lawmaker-secures-second-term-ticket-unopposed/|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=InsideMainland|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Buhari, Jimi Benson In Early Lead In Ikorodu|date=March 28, 2015|url=https://www.newsheadlines.com.ng/pm-newspapers/2015/03/28/buhari-jimi-benson-in-early-lead-in-ikorodu/|accessdate=2021-10-30|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-10-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211030195903/https://www.newsheadlines.com.ng/pm-newspapers/2015/03/28/buhari-jimi-benson-in-early-lead-in-ikorodu/}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Election box begin no change|title=2015 Nigerian House of Representatives election in Lagos State}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change|party=All Progressives Congress|candidate=[[Enitan Badru]]|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box hold with party link no change|winner=All Progressives Congress}}
{{Election box end}}

=== Kosofe ===
Onye ndọrọndọrọ ọchịchị APC bụ Agunsoye Oluwarotimi meriri na ntuli aka ahụ, merie ndị otu pati ndị ọzọ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2015-11-22|title=Sherifat O. Hassan &amp; Anor V. Agunsoye Oluwarotimi Ojo &amp; 2 Ors|url=https://legalpediaonline.com/sherifat-o-hassan-anor-v-agunsoye-oluwarotimi-ojo-2-ors/|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=Legalpedia|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-10-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211030200713/https://legalpediaonline.com/sherifat-o-hassan-anor-v-agunsoye-oluwarotimi-ojo-2-ors/}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=2019 Elections Battle: The Politicians to beat in Kosofe - P.M. News|url=https://pmnewsnigeria.com/2018/09/05/2019-elections-battle-the-politicians-to-beat-in-kosofe/|accessdate=2021-10-30|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2016-02-26|title=CITY Exclusive : The Man Kosofe People Loves - &quot; Hon Rotimi Agunsoye Is Worthy Of Emulation &quot;|url=https://thecitypulsenews.com/city-exclusive-the-man-kosofe-people-loves-hon-rotimi-agunsoye-is-worthy-of-emulation/|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=TheCityPulseNews.com|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2017-12-01|title=Why Lagos is working under Ambode — Rep Agunsoye|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/12/lagos-working-ambode-rep-agunsoye/|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2018-12-08|title=Why Rotimi Agunsoye Got A Return Ticket|url=http://www.citypeopleonline.com/why-rotimi-agunsoye-got-a-return-ticket/|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=City People Magazine|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Public offices held by Oluwarotimi Agunsoye in Nigeria|url=https://citizensciencenigeria.org/public-offices/persons/oluwarotimi-agunsoye|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=citizensciencenigeria.org|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Members Kosofe House of Representatives, National Assembly from 1999 - 2021|url=https://citizensciencenigeria.org/public-offices/positions/5feb8a0af8c7352c5256632f/|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=citizensciencenigeria.org|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2018-06-07|title=Biography Of Oluwarotimi Agunsoye|url=https://www.medianigeria.com/biography-of-oluwarotimi-agunsoye/|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=Media Nigeria|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2018-10-05|title=Lagos APC Senatorial primaries: Aspirant escapes death as Ashafa, Osinowo's supporters clash|url=https://www.blueprint.ng/lagos-apc-senatorial-primaries-aspirant-escapes-death-as-ashafa-osinowos-supporters-clash/|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=Blueprint Newspapers Limited|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2018-07-01|title=Asiwaju Frontliners Honours Hon. Agunsoye With Legislative Leadership Award|url=https://pmexpressng.com/asiwaju-frontliners-honours-hon-agunsoye-legislative-leadership/|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=P.M.EXPRESS|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Election box begin no change|title=2015 Nigerian House of Representatives election in Lagos State}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change|party=All Progressives Congress|candidate=[[Balogun Yakub Abiodun]]|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box hold with party link no change|winner=All Progressives Congress}}
{{Election box end}}

=== Àgwàetiti Lagos nke Mbụ ===
Onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị APC [[Enitan Badru|bụ Enitan Badru]] meriri ntuli aka ahụ, meriri ndị otu pati ndị ọzọ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Why PDP is Afraid of PVC – Badru|url=https://thenewtimespress.com/archives/516|accessdate=2021-10-30|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Akiolu, Jakande sons lose House of Reps bid|date=December 18, 2014|url=https://encomium.ng/akiolu-jakande-sons-lose-house-of-reps-bid/|accessdate=2021-10-30|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2015-03-29|title=APC wins 2 federal constituencies on Lagos Island|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2015/03/apc-wins-2-federal-constituencies-on-lagos-island/|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2015-03-29|title=APC wins two House of Reps seat in Lagos|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/ssouth-west/179972-apc-wins-two-house-of-reps-seat-in-lagos.html|accessdate=2021-10-30|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2015-03-29|title=APC candidates declared winners of 2 federal constituencies in Lagos|url=https://www.pulse.ng/news/politics/election-results-apc-candidates-declared-winners-of-2-federal-constituencies-in-lagos/n0yj1pm|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=Pulse Nigeria|language=en|archivedate=2021-10-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211030201704/https://www.pulse.ng/news/politics/election-results-apc-candidates-declared-winners-of-2-federal-constituencies-in-lagos/n0yj1pm}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2015-03-29|title=Elections 2015 Results: APC wins 2 federal constituencies on Lagos Island|url=https://guardian.ng/news/elections-2015-results-apc-wins-2-federal-constituencies-on-lagos-island/|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Members Lagos Island I House of Representatives, National Assembly from 1999–2021|url=https://citizensciencenigeria.org/public-offices/positions/5fe0faf38da2d812a6c7b543/|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=citizensciencenigeria.org|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Public offices held by Akanni Enitan Dolapo-Badru in Nigeria|url=https://citizensciencenigeria.org/public-offices/persons/akanni-enitan-dolapo-badru|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=citizensciencenigeria.org|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Election box begin no change|title=2015 Nigerian House of Representatives election in Lagos State}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change|party=All Progressives Congress|candidate=Jimoh Abdul|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box hold with party link no change|winner=All Progressives Congress}}
{{Election box end}}

=== Àgwàetiti Lagos nke Abụọ ===
Onye otu APC Balogun Yakub Abiodun meriri na ntuliaka ahụ, meriri ndị otu ndorondoro ochichi  ọzọ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Members Lagos Island II House of Representatives, National Assembly from 1999-2021|url=https://citizensciencenigeria.org/public-offices/positions/5fe0fafd8da2d812a6c7b734/|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=citizensciencenigeria.org|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Public offices held by Yakub Abiodun Balogun in Nigeria|url=https://citizensciencenigeria.org/public-offices/persons/yakub-abiodun-balogun-5|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=citizensciencenigeria.org|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Election box begin no change|title=2015 Nigerian House of Representatives election in Lagos State}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change|party=Accord (Nigeria)|candidate=[[Dauda Kako Are]]|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box hold with party link no change|winner=Accord (Nigeria)}}
{{Election box end}}

=== Lagos Mainland ===
Onye otu APC bu Jimoh Abdul  na-azọ ọkwa onye isi ala  meriri ntuli aka ahụ, na-emeri ndị ọzọ na-azọkwa onye isi ala.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2015-04-29|title='No Internal Democracy In APC' Lagos Lawmaker, Kako Are Speaks|url=https://newswirengr.com/2015/04/29/no-internal-democracy-in-apc-lagos-lawmaker-kako-are-speaks/|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=NewsWireNGR|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211030225044/https://newswirengr.com/2015/04/29/no-internal-democracy-in-apc-lagos-lawmaker-kako-are-speaks/|archive-date=2021-10-30|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Accord Party wins Mushin Federal Constituency|date=March 30, 2015|url=https://www.newsheadlines.com.ng/pm-newspapers/2015/03/30/accord-party-wins-mushin-federal-constituency/|accessdate=2021-10-30|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-10-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211030225042/https://www.newsheadlines.com.ng/pm-newspapers/2015/03/30/accord-party-wins-mushin-federal-constituency/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2015-03-30|title=Accord Party wins Mushin Federal Constituency 1, APC Agege Federal Constituency|url=https://sundiatapost.com/accord-party-wins-mushin-federal-constituency-1-apc-agege-federal-constituency/|accessdate=2021-10-30|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2018-06-05|title=Biography Of Dauda Kako Are|url=https://www.medianigeria.com/biography-of-dauda-kako-are/|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=Media Nigeria|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2016-10-06|title=I will continue to vote for principles, says only – Kako Are|url=https://timenigeria.com/i-will-continue-to-vote-for-principles-says-only-kako-are/|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=Time Nigeria Magazine|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2016-03-23|title=Easter: Lawmaker plans to convey 2,000 picnickers to Sultan Beach|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/200694-easter-lawmaker-plans-convey-2000-picnickers-sultan-beach.html|accessdate=2021-10-30|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Members Mushin I House of Representatives, National Assembly from 1999-2021|url=https://citizensciencenigeria.org/public-offices/positions/5fe0faf38da2d812a6c7b51d|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=citizensciencenigeria.org|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Public offices held by Abayomi Dauda Kako Are in Nigeria|url=https://citizensciencenigeria.org/public-offices/persons/abayomi-dauda-kako-are/|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=citizensciencenigeria.org|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Accord Party wins Mushin Federal Constituency - P.M. News|url=https://pmnewsnigeria.com/2015/03/30/accord-party-wins-mushin-federal-constituency/|accessdate=2021-10-30|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Election box begin no change|title=2015 Nigerian House of Representatives election in Lagos State}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change|party=All Progressives Congress|candidate=[[Bolaji Ayinla]]|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box hold with party link no change|winner=All Progressives Congress}}
{{Election box end}}

=== Mushin nke Mbụ ===
Onye na-azọ ọkwa onye isi ala nke APC bụ Bolaji Ayinla meriri ntuli aka ahụ, na-emeri ndị ọzọ na-azọrọ ọkwa onye isi ala. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Public offices held by Bolaji Yusuf Ayinla in Nigeria|url=https://citizensciencenigeria.org/public-offices/persons/bolaji-yusuf-ayinla/|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=citizensciencenigeria.org|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Members Mushin II House of Representatives, National Assembly from 1999–2021|url=https://citizensciencenigeria.org/public-offices/positions/5fe0faf58da2d812a6c7b5b2|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=citizensciencenigeria.org|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title='My victory is God, hard work and sincerity'- Hon. Bolaji Yusuf Ayinla|date=April 12, 2015|url=https://encomium.ng/my-victory-is-god-hard-work-and-sincerity-hon-bolaji-yusuf-ayinla/|accessdate=2021-10-30|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2018-06-06|title=Biography Of Bolaji Ayinla|url=https://www.medianigeria.com/biography-of-bolaji-ayinla/|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=Media Nigeria|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nigeria ScoreCard|url=https://www.nigeriascorecard.com/report/federalconstituency/24/232|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=www.nigeriascorecard.com|archivedate=2021-10-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211030175941/https://www.nigeriascorecard.com/report/federalconstituency/24/232}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Election box begin no change|title=2015 Nigerian House of Representatives election in Lagos State}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change|party=Accord (Nigeria)|candidate=[[Dauda Kako Are]]|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box hold with party link no change|winner=Accord (Nigeria)}}
{{Election box end}}

=== Mushin nke Abụọ ===
Onye otu APC bụ Bolaji Ayinla meriri ntuli aka ahụ, na-emeri ndị ọzọ na-azọkwa onye isi ala. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2015-09-11|title=Hon. Tajudeen Obasa : A Patriot Keeping to his Promises|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2015/09/hon-tajudeen-obasa-a-patriot-keeping-to-his-promises/|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Public offices held by Tajudeen Adekunle Obasa in Nigeria|url=https://citizensciencenigeria.org/public-offices/persons/tajudeen-adekunle-obasa|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=citizensciencenigeria.org|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Members Ojo House of Representatives, National Assembly from 1999–2021|url=https://citizensciencenigeria.org/public-offices/positions/5fe0fb038da2d812a6c7b84b|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=citizensciencenigeria.org|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Election box begin no change|title=2015 Nigerian House of Representatives election in Lagos State}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change|party=All Progressives Congress|candidate=[[Bolaji Ayinla]]|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box hold with party link no change|winner=All Progressives Congress}}
{{Election box end}}

=== Ojo ===
Onye na-azọ ọkwa onye isi ala nke PDP bụ Tajudeen Obasa meriri ntuli aka ahụ, na-emeri ndị ọzọ na-azọkwa onye isi ala. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2015-09-11|title=Hon. Tajudeen Obasa : A Patriot Keeping to his Promises|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2015/09/hon-tajudeen-obasa-a-patriot-keeping-to-his-promises/|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Public offices held by Tajudeen Adekunle Obasa in Nigeria|url=https://citizensciencenigeria.org/public-offices/persons/tajudeen-adekunle-obasa|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=citizensciencenigeria.org|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Members Ojo House of Representatives, National Assembly from 1999–2021|url=https://citizensciencenigeria.org/public-offices/positions/5fe0fb038da2d812a6c7b84b|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=citizensciencenigeria.org|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Election box begin no change|title=2015 Nigerian House of Representatives election in Lagos State}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change|party=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|candidate=[[Tajudeen Obasa]]|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box hold with party link no change|winner=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}
{{Election box end}}

=== Oshodi/Isolo nke Mbụ ===
Onye PDP bụ Mutiu Shadimu  meriri ntuli aka ahụ, na-emeri ndị otu ndorondoro ozo.{{Election box begin no change|title=2015 Nigerian House of Representatives election in Lagos State}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change|party=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|candidate=[[Mutiu Shadimu]]|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box hold with party link no change|winner=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}
{{Election box end}}

=== Oshodi/Isolo nke Abụọ ===
Onye otu PDP  na-azọ ọkwa  bụ, Tony Nwulu meriri ntuli aka ahụ, na-emeri ndị ọzọ na-azọrọ ọkwa onye otu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2015-10-09|title=Tribunal Upholds Election Of Tony Nwulu In Lagos State|url=http://saharareporters.com/2015/10/09/tribunal-upholds-election-tony-nwulu-lagos-state|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=Sahara Reporters}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Usman|first=Samson Atekojo|date=2015-07-22|title=&quot;APC has no clear agenda at the moment&quot; - Hon. Nwulu|url=https://dailypost.ng/2015/07/22/apc-has-no-clear-agenda-at-the-moment-hon-nwulu/|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=Daily Post Nigeria|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=30 Sep 2015|title=A Promise Kept|url=https://www.pressreader.com/nigeria/thisday/20150930/281968901499169|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=This Day}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Members Oshodi-Isolo II House of Representatives, National Assembly from 1999–2021|url=https://citizensciencenigeria.org/public-offices/positions/5fe0faf88da2d812a6c7b629|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=citizensciencenigeria.org|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Public offices held by Tony Nwulu in Nigeria|url=https://citizensciencenigeria.org/public-offices/persons/tony-nwulu|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=citizensciencenigeria.org|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Election box begin no change|title=2015 Nigerian House of Representatives election in Lagos State}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change|party=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|candidate=[[Tony Nwulu]]|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box hold with party link no change|winner=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}
{{Election box end}}

=== Shomolu ===
Onye na-azọ ọkwa onye isi ala nke APC bụ Oyewole Diya meriri ntuli aka ahụ, na-emeri ndị ọzọ na-azọkwa onye isi ala.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Check veterans of Lagos Assembly|date=April 9, 2017|url=https://encomium.ng/check-veterans-of-lagos-assembly/|accessdate=2021-10-30|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Public offices held by Oyewole Diya in Nigeria|url=https://citizensciencenigeria.org/public-offices/persons/oyewole-diya/|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=citizensciencenigeria.org|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Election box begin no change|title=2015 Nigerian House of Representatives election in Lagos State}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change|party=All Progressives Congress|candidate=Oyewole Diya|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box hold with party link no change|winner=All Progressives Congress}}
{{Election box end}}

=== Nnukwu ihe osise ===
Onye na-azọ ọkwa onye isi ala nke APC bụ [[Femi Gbaja Biamila|Femi Gbajabiamila]] meriri ntuli aka ahụ, na-emeri ndị ọzọ na-azọ ọkwa onye isi ale. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2015-06-06|title=APC picks Gbajabiamila for House of Reps Speakership|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/184453-apc-picks-gbajabiamila-as-house-of-reps-speaker.html|accessdate=2021-10-30|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2015-03-30|title=Reps election: APC wins Surulere Constituency 1, PDP wins Surulere Constituency 2|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2015/03/reps-election-apc-wins-surulere-constituency-1-pdp-wins-surulere-constituency-2/|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2019-02-25|title=APC's Gbajabiamila, PDP's Soyinka win Surulere I, II in Lagos|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/02/apcs-gbajabiamila-pdps-soyinka-win-surulere-i-ii-in-lagos/|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Election box begin no change|title=2015 Nigerian House of Representatives election in Lagos State}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change|party=All Progressives Congress|candidate=[[Femi Gbajabiamila]]|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box hold with party link no change|winner=All Progressives Congress}}
{{Election box end}}

=== Nnukwu ihe osise nke Abụọ ===
Onye na-azọ ọkwa onyeisiala na PDP bụ Olatunji Soyinka meriri ntuli aka ahụ, na-emeri ndị ọzọ na-azọrọ ọkwa onyeisialas.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Members Surulere II House of Representatives, National Assembly from 1999–2021|url=https://citizensciencenigeria.org/public-offices/positions/5fe0faff8da2d812a6c7b79d/|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=citizensciencenigeria.org|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Public offices held by Shoyinka Olatunji in Nigeria|url=https://citizensciencenigeria.org/public-offices/persons/shoyinka-olatunji|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=citizensciencenigeria.org|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Election box begin no change|title=2015 Nigerian House of Representatives election in Lagos State}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change|party=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|candidate=Olatunji Soyinka|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box hold with party link no change|winner=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}
{{Election box end}}

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Maxwell Mutanda</title>
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{{Databox}}'''Maxwell Mutanda''' (amụrụ 1983) bụ onye omenkà, onye mmebe, onye nyocha imewe na onye ọchụnta ego. Ọ bụ onye nchoputa nke ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe '''Studio [D] Tale''', nke sitere na [[London]], Harare, na [[Cape Town|Cape Town, South Africa]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;AcSchloss&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Maxwell Mutanda|url=https://www.akademie-solitude.de/en/person/maxwell-mutanda/|work=Akademie Schloss Solitude|date=28 September 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mutanda na-eji kọlọji na omume ụkpụrụ ụlọ iji mee ka nhazi nsonye na -adigide.

== Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ ==
Amụrụ na Harare, Zimbabwe na 1983, Mutanda gụrụ akwụkwọ na Bartlett School of Architecture na London. &lt;ref name=&quot;Bartlett&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Bartlett alumni to participate in Chicago Architecture Biennial|url=https://www.ucl.ac.uk/bartlett/architecture/news/2015/may/bartlett-alumni-participate-chicago-architecture-biennial|work=The Bartlett School of Architecture|language=en|date=1 May 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na 2020, ọ nwetara akara ugo mmụta MSc na mmepe obodo na-adigide yana nkuzi Sheehan na Mahadum Oxford . &lt;ref name=&quot;Eyebeam&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Maxwell Mutanda|url=https://www.eyebeam.org/residents/maxwell-mutanda/|work=Eyebeam|accessdate=31 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221231184759/https://www.eyebeam.org/residents/maxwell-mutanda/|archive-date=31 December 2022|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
Muntanda kwadoro Studio [D] Akụkọ ya na onye mmebe ya, Safia Qureshi. &lt;ref name=&quot;AcSchloss&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Herald&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Hussain|first=Mehr|title=One hour with Safia Qureshi|url=http://herald.dawn.com/news/1153216/one-hour-with-safia-qureshi|accessdate=31 December 2022|publisher=Herald|date=12 August 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Magazin dị n'ịntanetị Design Indaba dere na Studio [D] Tale &quot;nnwale n'ofe ọzụzụ nwere pọtụfoliyo nke gụnyere ụkpụrụ ụlọ, nyocha obodo, mmepụta ihe ọhụrụ maka imewe na nkwukọrịta dị oke mkpa.&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.designindaba.com/profiles/maxwell-mutanda|title=Maxwell Mutanda: Multi-talented architect Maxwell Mutanda uses design to address real-world issues|publisher=Design Indaba}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ haziri nkwalite ndị na-ere ahịa maka ndị na-ere n'okporo ámá Harare na 2016. &lt;ref name=&quot;qz&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Indaba&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=A cross-continental architecture studio with solutions for Harare’s informal traders|url=http://www.designindaba.com/articles/point-view/cross-continental-architecture-studio-solutions-harare%E2%80%99s-informal-traders|work=Design Indaba|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'otu afọ ahụ, Ọ nọ na-arụ ọrụ a ụzọ ike &quot;pop-upụka&quot; mmụọ nsọ Katọlik na Philippines na-ejide uka na efu malls. &lt;ref name=&quot;qz&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://qz.com/africa/670416/a-zimbabwean-architect-builds-for-the-forgotten-economy-by-letting-people-design-for-themselves/|title=A Zimbabwean architect builds for the &quot;forgotten economy&quot; by letting people design for themselves|author=Kuo|first=Lily|publisher=Quartz|date=27 April 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mutanda nwetara mkpakọrịta site na IdeasCity New Orleans, atụmatụ nke New Museum na New York, Africa'sOut! Artist-in-Residence na Denniston Hill, New York (2018), na British Council 's ColabNowNow Residency, na Maputo, Mozambique . N'afọ 2020, ọ nwetara mkpakọrịta Eyebeam iji mụọ &quot;ọdịiche data mkpanaka na mpaghara ndịda Sahara Africa&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Small|first=Zachary|title=How Artists Are Trying to Solve the World’s Problems|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/15/arts/design/eyebeam-art-project.html|work=The New York Times|date=15 July 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nakwa na 2020, ọ natara onyinye sitere na Graham Foundation maka ọrụ ya ''(Na) Mgbanwe Ọfụfụ'' . &lt;ref name=&quot;GF&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=(In)Voluntary Mutations, Grantee: Maxwell Mutanda|url=http://grahamfoundation.org/grantees/6085-in-voluntary-mutations|work=Graham Foundation|accessdate=31 December 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ime oge 2020–2021, Mutanda nwetara mkpakọrịta sitere na Akademie Schloss Solitude . &lt;ref name=&quot;AS&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Maxwell Mutanda|url=https://www.akademie-solitude.de/en/person/maxwell-mutanda/|work=Akademie Schloss Solitude|accessdate=31 December 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe ngosi ==
E gosipụtara ọrụ Mutanda na Louisiana Museum of Modern Art, na Copenhagen, Denmark na Arc en Rêve Center d'Architecture, Bordeaux, France, abụọ na 2015. Na mgbakwunye, ọrụ Studio [D] Tale dị na Oslo Architecture Triennale na Oslo, Norway na 2019, Biennale Architettura, Venice na 2014 na 2016, Chicago Architecture Biennial na London Design Festival na 2015. &lt;ref name=&quot;GF&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Eyebeam&quot;/&gt;

== Edensibia ==
na-ejide uka na efu malls.  Mutanda nwetara mkpakọrịta site na IdeasCity New Orleans, atụmatụ nke New Museum na New York,{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [https://maxwellmutanda.com/ Weebụsaịtị gọọmentị]
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Pilipili Mulongoy</title>
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{{Databox}}'''Pilipili Mulongoy''' (February 12, 1914 &amp;#x2013; Maachị 10, 2007), kpọkwara '''Pili Pili Mulongoy''', bụ onye omenkà si [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] . A zụlitere ya na mpaghara Shaba nke Belgian Congo ma rụọ ọrụ dị ka onye na-ese anwụrụ ọkụ na onye na-ewu ụlọ n'oge ọ bụ nwata. N'ịgbaso ule ịse ihe n'otu ụlọ ọrụ dị na Élisabethville ( Lubumbashi nke oge a), Mulongoy kwadoro ọrụ ya nke ịse ihe nkiri okike n'ime afọ ole na ole sochirinụ. O mechara kuzie nkuzi na Académie des Beaux-Arts na Élisabethville. Ọrụ ya nwetara ewu ewu na Belgian Congo na karịsịa Europe. Ndị òtù ezinụlọ eze Belgium nwetara ihe osise Mulongoy. Kemgbe ọ nwụrụ na 2007, a na-egosi ihe osise Mulongoy n'ọtụtụ ihe ngosi na Africa, Europe, na North America.

== Akụkọ ndụ ==
Pilipili Mulongoy, bụkwa onye speape Pili Pili Mulongoy na aha ọmụmụ ya bụ '''Mulongoyi Nkulu Mitenga Philippe''', mụrụ na February 12, 1914, na Ankoro, obodo dị na Shaba Province nke Belgian Congo, nke a maara ugbu a dị ka [[Democratic Republic of the Congo|Democratic Republic of Congo]] ( DRC). &lt;ref name=&quot;nmaa&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://africa.si.edu/exhibits/encounters/mulongoy.htm|title=Pilipili Mulongoy|publisher=National Museum of African Art|accessdate=December 5, 2023|archivedate=October 19, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019181039/https://africa.si.edu/exhibits/encounters/mulongoy.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;radio&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.radiookapi.net/sans-categorie/2008/11/19/peinture-des-tableaux-de-feu-lartiste-pili-pili-exposes-a%25c2%25a0-lhotel-memling|title=Painting: paintings by the late artist Pili Pili exhibited at the Memling Hotel|work=Radio Okapi|date=November 19, 2008|accessdate=December 5, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nna ya bụ onye ọkụ azụ na Mulongoy buru ụzọ rụọ ọrụ dị ka onye na-akụ pọmpụ na onye na-ese ihe. &lt;ref name=&quot;lpost&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://lpost.be/2022/01/07/pili-pili-mulongoy-le-maitre-de-lart-moderne-africain-se-devoile-chez-artcurial/|title=Pili Pili Mulongoy, the Master of Modern African Art, is Revealed at Artcurial|work=L-Post|date=January 7, 2022|accessdate=December 5, 2023|author=Kerzmann, Régine|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230806160743/https://lpost.be/2022/01/07/pili-pili-mulongoy-le-maitre-de-lart-moderne-africain-se-devoile-chez-artcurial/|archive-date=August 6, 2023|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe ule eserese na Élisabethville ( Lubumbashi nke oge a), onye France kwabatara Pierre Romain Desfosses weghaara Mulongoy na 1947. &lt;ref name=&quot;radio&quot; /&gt; N'ime afọ asaa sochirinụ, Mulongoy na ndị ọzọ na-ese ihe gụnyere Mwenze Kibwanga na [[Bela Sara]] malitere ịrụ ọrụ na Defsosses' Hangar Workshop ( ''atelier du Hangar'' ) na usoro nke ha n'otu n'otu, na Mulongoy na-ahụ maka eserese ọdịdị ọdịdị, gụnyere anụmanụ na osisi. &lt;ref name=&quot;radio&quot; /&gt;  Mgbe Desfosses nwụsịrị, ndị na-ese ihe kwagara Académie des Beaux-Arts na Élisabethville ebe Mulongoy malitere nkuzi nkuzi. &lt;ref name=dalby&gt;{{cite journal | url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/1735610690 | title=Congolese artists dazzle in Paris | author=Dalby, Alexa | journal=African Banker | date=Fourth Quarter 2015 | issue=34 | pages=56–57 | access-date=2023-12-06 | archive-date=2023-12-07 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207023748/https://www.proquest.com/docview/1735610690/403CAA380F314629PQ/8?accountid=196403&amp;forcedol=true | id={{ProQuest|1735610690}} | url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
== Hụkwa ==

* [[Ihe osise Africa na nchịkọta ọdịda anyanwụ|Nkà Africa na mkpokọta Western]]
* Nkà Afrika nke oge a
* Ndepụta ndị omenkà Democratic Republic of Congo

== Ntụaka ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Nxdia</title>
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'''Nadia Ahmed''' (amuru 15 June 2000), onye amara dika '''Nxdia''', bu onye egwu alt-pop Egypt. Amụrụ na Heliopolis dị n'Ijipt, ha [lower-alpha 1] kwagara Manchester dị afọ asatọ, wee malite imepụta egwu nke ha ka ha nwetachara nkuzi ihe niile . Ahmed wepụtara &quot;IDC&quot; na mgbe ahụ EP ''N'ime anụ ahụ'', na mgbe ahụ otu &quot;Ọ masịrị Nwa nwoke&quot;, nke e depụtara na Nọmba 74 na UK Singles Sales Chart . Onye otu Loud LDN, egwu Ahmed na-eji [[Arabic]] na ụda olu eme ihe mgbe niile.

== Ndụ na ọrụ ==
A mụrụ Nadia Ahmed &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=15 questions {{!}} Interview {{!}} Nxdia {{!}} Chasing Catharsis|url=https://www.15questions.net/interview/fifteen-questions-interview-nxdia/page-1/|accessdate=21 April 2024|work=www.15questions.net}}&lt;/ref&gt; na Cairo &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; na 15 June 2000, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=goth bless turning 23 👹 (thanku everyone who's reaching out and being so so kind, im overwhelmed- in a very good way! - i always assume people will pay no mind ahaha. which would be fine! no expectations! but for the people i admire and love to go out of their way to tell me they're happy i'm here- maaaan it makes me feel like a billion zillion trillion pounds &lt;3 thanku, i love u n i appreciate you, be kind to yourself and others, always xx)|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/Ctg8H_5sn6B/|accessdate=22 April 2024|work=www.instagram.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; wee tolite n'akụkụ Roxy Cinema na Heliopolis . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Ackroyd|first=Stephen|date=19 April 2024|title=Picture imperfect: Nxdia channels a toxic situationship through a cinematic frame with her new single, 'Jennifer's Body'|url=https://readdork.com/features/nxdia-hype-cover-april24/|accessdate=21 April 2024|work=Dork|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nna nna ha bụ onye Sudan. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=UK-Based TikTok Sensation Nxdia on Rekindling Egyptian Identity|url=https://www.scenenoise.com/Features/UK-Based-TikTok-Sensation-Nxdia-on-Rekindling-Egyptian-Identity|accessdate=21 April 2024|work=www.scenenoise.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nna ha gere AC/DC na nne ha gere nti omenala Arabic omume dika Umm Kulthum, &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; ma ga-akpọrọ Ahmed gaa Free Palestine ngagharị iwe site na afọ iri na otu. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Rigotti|first=Alex|date=27 March 2024|title=Nxdia is making Arabic alt-pop to heal their inner child|url=https://www.nme.com/features/music-interviews/nxdia-artist-she-likes-a-boy-interview-radar-3608260|accessdate=21 April 2024|work=NME|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Abụ mbụ ha bụ egwu egwu gbasara [[Hawaii]], nke ha na-agabeghị; site na itoolu, egwu ha bụ gbasara njirimara na nghọta onwe onye. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Nxdia na ezinụlọ ha kwagara UK mgbe ha dị afọ asatọ, na-akwaga Manchester si Egypt; Mgbe ha bịarutere, ha malitere ịkụ ọkpọ Africa n'otu obodo dị na Hulme . &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Ebugoro ọrụ mbụ ha na [[YouTube]] na Instagram, na afọ iri na isii, ha debanyere aha na Levi Music Project, otu izu izu abụọ nke ìgwè ihe niile kụziiri ndị na-eto eto iri na abụọ ka esi emepụta egwu nke ha. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

Na 2020, ha malitere ibugo ọdịnaya na TikTok, gụnyere egwu na mkparịta ụka agbụrụ; Site na Septemba 2022, ha nwere ihe karịrị ndị debanyere aha 700,000 n'elu ikpo okwu. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt; Ha wepụtara otu, &quot;Ouch!&quot;, na 2021, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=NXDIA|url=https://focuswales.com/artists/nxdia/|accessdate=26 April 2024|work=FOCUS Wales 2024|language=en-GB|archivedate=26 April 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240426094223/https://focuswales.com/artists/nxdia/}}&lt;/ref&gt; banyere ndakpọ olileanya na iwe iwe na enyi ya, &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;/&gt; sochiri otu &quot;Gaa n'etiti Ya&quot;, ewepụtara ka emechara n'afọ ahụ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Acosta|first=Julieanne|date=23 November 2021|title=Gauntlet Mixtape Vol. 4: The best study playlist of all time|url=https://thegauntlet.ca/2021/11/22/gauntlet-mixtape-vol-4-the-best-study-playlist-of-all-time/|accessdate=26 April 2024|work=The Gauntlet|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240804164729/https://thegauntlet.ca/2021/11/22/gauntlet-mixtape-vol-4-the-best-study-playlist-of-all-time/|archive-date=4 August 2024|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ha wepụtara &quot;IDC&quot; na 2023, &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; sochiri otu EP ''N'ime anụ ahụ'' n'August ahụ, nke na-ekwu banyere imebiga ihe ókè; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=11 August 2023|title=Atwood Magazine's Weekly Roundup: August 11, 2023|url=https://atwoodmagazine.com/wr-roundup-2023-08-11/|accessdate=21 April 2024|work=Atwood Magazine|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; egwu elekwasị anya nke ikpeazụ, &quot;Mbibi&quot;, ka edere maka nsogbu ọnụ ahịa ndụ nke United Kingdom ugbu a 2021 . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=9 August 2023|title='decay' is a frustrated and endlessly creative new single from Nxdia|url=https://cloutcloutclout.com/new-music/nxdia-decay/|accessdate=21 April 2024|work=Clout|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe ha chọpụtachara akwụkwọ akụkọ ochie nke kọwara ịhụnanya nwa agbọghọ ha dị afọ iri na ụma na ndakpọ olileanya ha n'ịchọpụta na nwa nwoke masịrị ya, ha dere &quot;Ọ masịrị Nwa nwoke&quot;, &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Magnocavallo|first=Fabio|date=17 January 2024|title=Nxdia - She Likes a Boy|url=https://www.euphoriazine.com/blog/2024/01/music/tracks-nxdia-she-likes-a-boy/|accessdate=21 April 2024|work=EUPHORIA.|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; nke zoro aka na nrọ Katy Perry 's &quot; Teenage Dream &quot; . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; Ha malitere ibugo snippet nke egwu na TikTok na Nọvemba 2023 wee wepụta egwu ahụ na Jenụwarị 2024; &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwVA&quot;&gt;Mee N'onwe Gị&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; kọwara egwu ahụ dị ka &quot;ụkwe queer&quot;, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=12 January 2024|title=The Neu Bulletin (C Turtle, Fräulein, Sailor Honeymoon and more!)|url=https://diymag.com/feature/the-neu-bulletin-c-turtle-fraulein-sailor-honeymoon|accessdate=21 April 2024|work=DIY|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; na ọnwa na-esote egwu ahụ nọrọ otu izu na No. 74 na UK Singles Sales Chart. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=22 February 2024|title=NXDIA|url=https://www.officialcharts.com/artist/nxdia/|accessdate=21 April 2024|work=Official Charts|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Otu egwu na-esote, &quot;Jennifer's Body&quot;, kọwara ahụmahụ ha banyere mmekọrịta na-egbu egbu, wee wepụta aha ya na ihe nkiri Megan Fox nke otu aha ahụ n'ihi na ikiri ihe nkiri ahụ nyeere ha aka ịmepụta echiche ha. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Artist ==
N'ajụjụ ọnụ ya na ''Spotlight On'' podcast na Nọvemba 2023, Ahmed kwuru na ha gere My Chemical Romance na Fall Out Boy mgbe ha nọ n'afọ iri na ụma, na ha hụrụ ọdịdị pink na-agbanwe agbanwe, na-achọpụta ya site na vidiyo egwu ya maka &quot; Ya mere . Kedu &quot;. Ha kwukwara na ha bụ ndị na-akwado Hole na Smashing Pumpkins, nakwa na ha nọrọ oge na-enwe mmasị na mkpuchi nke egwu Arabic &quot;Betnadini Tany Leh&quot; nke Donia, n'ihi na ọ gbanweeghị egwu ya site na ya. nwoke na nwanyi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nxdia: What's It's Like as an Alt-Pop Artist Between Fluidity and Community Building|url=https://www.spotlightonpodcast.com/blog/nxdia-whats-it-like-as-an-alt-pop-artist-between-fluidity-and-community-building/|accessdate=21 April 2024|work=Spotlightonpodcast.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ha kwukwara na mkparịta ụka Julaị 2023 na ''15questions.net'' na ha gerekwa Babymetal na Jon Bellion ntị n'oge a. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;/&gt;

Ahmed gwara NME na March 2024 na ụda ha sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ dị ka Paramore, My Chemical Romance, na Atụmatụ Dị Mfe, nakwa na ha nwetara ume ọzọ site n'olu Marina Diamandis &quot;weirdly operatic&quot; na site na asụsụ abụọ nke Stromae, kpọmkwem. ịchọta ọdịdị androgynous nke ikpeazụ na vidiyo egwu &quot; Tous les mêmes &quot; na-enyere aka ịchọpụta njirimara nke ha. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt; N'ajụjụ ọnụ ya na Dork na ọnwa na-esote, ha zoro Paramore, Fall Out Boy, Stromae, na My Chemical Romance maka &quot;nnukwu egwu egwu ha, egwu na-adọrọ adọrọ ma na-enwekarị mwute, na akụkụ ụbọ akwara&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;

== Ihe ngosi ==
'''EPs'''

* ''N'ime anụ ahụ'' (2023) &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Spotify – Nxdia - Discography|url=https://open.spotify.com/artist/0Dkj3iE06TJGxGIrGCmwVf/discography/all|accessdate=11 May 2024|work=Spotify|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Ndị na-alụbeghị di'''

* &quot;Anya na m&quot; (2020) &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;/&gt;
* &quot;gbawara (dị ka afụ)&quot; (2020) &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
* &quot;Gaa n'etiti ya&quot; (2021) &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
* &quot;Oh&quot; (2021) &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
* &quot;Gịnị ka ọ dị&quot; (2023) &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
* &quot;Dopamine&quot; (2023 &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
* &quot;IDC&quot; (2023) &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
* &quot;Nwa nwoke masịrị ya&quot; (2024) &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
* &quot;Ahụ Jennifer&quot; (2024) &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;

== Ihe ndetu ==

== Ntụaka ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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    <title>Michelle Jacques (onye nlekọta)</title>
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&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Michelle Jacques|url=https://www.studiomagazine.ca/articles/2021/5/inquiries-michelle-jacques|accessdate=2022-03-15|work=Studio Magazine|language=en-CA}}&lt;/ref&gt;Michelle Jacques ( Prof. 1965) bụ onye na-ahụ maka Canada na onye nkuzi mara maka nka ya na ijikọta nka ihe metụtara eme na nke ugbu a, yana maka ozi ya nke ndị nka mpaghara.  Site na Ontario, mmalite na Toronto nye nne na nna sitere na Caribbean, bụ ndị kwagara Canada na 1960, ọ dabere na Saskatoon, Saskatchewan ugbu a. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Remai Modern names Head of Exhibitions &amp; Collections/Chief Curator|url=https://remaimodern.org/press/media-releases/remai-modern-names-head-of-exhibitions-collectionschief-curator|accessdate=2022-03-15|work=Remai Modern|language=en|archivedate=2022-06-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220609032735/https://www.remaimodern.org/press/media-releases/remai-modern-names-head-of-exhibitions-collectionschief-curator}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;gallerieswest.ca&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-12-22|title=Michelle Jacques Appointed Remai Modern Chief Curator|url=https://www.gallerieswest.ca/api/content/f121499a-4473-11eb-a0f4-1244d5f7c7c6/|accessdate=2022-03-15|work=Galleries West|language=en-ca}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[https://www.gallerieswest.ca/api/content/f121499a-4473-11eb-a0f4-1244d5f7c7c6/ &quot;Michelle Jacques Appointed Remai Modern Chief Curator&quot;]. ''Galleries West''. 2020-12-22&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2022-03-15&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Agụmakwụkwọ ==
Jacques akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na Mahadum Queen na Kingston, Ontario, ebe ọihe BA na ihe mere eme nka na akparamaagwa na Mahadum York, ebe ọ ama MA [1] ya

== Ọrụ ==
Jacques ọrụ na Art Gallery nke Ontario ọtụtụ afọ, na-ejide ɔkwan asistant Curator of Contemporary Art na Acting Curator of Canadian Art.  Ọ bụ onye isi mmemme na Center for Art Tapes na Halifax, Nova Scotia site na 2002 ruo 2004. [1] N'afọ 2012, a set ya aha ya dị ka onye isi nke Art Gallery of Greater Victoria (AGGV).  [1] Akpọrọ Jacques onye isi ihe ngosi &amp; mkpokọta/Onye isi Curator na Remai Modern na Saskatoon na 2020 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Remai Modern names Head of Exhibitions &amp; Collections/Chief Curator|url=https://remaimodern.org/press/media-releases/remai-modern-names-head-of-exhibitions-collectionschief-curator|accessdate=27 January 2021|work=Remai Modern|language=en|archivedate=26 January 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126011806/https://remaimodern.org/press/media-releases/remai-modern-names-head-of-exhibitions-collectionschief-curator}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na AGGV, ọ na-egosi ihe ngosi nke ọrụ nke ndị na-ese ihe n'oge a akpọ Carol Sawyer, Rodney Sayers na Emily Luce, Gwen MacGregor, na Hiraki Sawa, n'etiti ndị ọzọ;  na chị ụgbọ ihe ngosi nlegharị anya nke ọrụ nke ndị na-ese ihe Canada Anna Banana na Jock Macdonald .  Na ihe ngosi 2019 Ihe Na-ahụ Agbanwe, ọ chọpụtara ọrụ Emily Carr n'ịkpọ ndị Canada dịkọrọ ndụ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Unformable Things: Emily Carr and Some Canadian Modernists|url=https://aggv.ca/exhibits/unformable-things/|accessdate=2022-03-15|work=Art Gallery of Greater Victoria}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2019-03-01|title=Unformable Things: The Curator's Tour|url=https://emagazine.aggv.ca/unformable-things-the-curators-tour/|accessdate=2022-03-15|work=AGGV magazine|language=en-CA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Jacques mkpaworo isiokwu ide na curatorial na ụlọ ọrụ Mahadum NSCAD, Mahadum Toronto Mississauga, na Mahadum OCAD &lt;ref name=&quot;cbc&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Michelle Jacques|url=https://www.cbc.ca/arts/michelle-jacques-1.4722471|work=CBC Arts|accessdate=6 February 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ na-ejekwa ozi na bọọdụ nke ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ anya nkiri Vtape, Feminist Art Gallery na Mercer Union .  [1] Na 2019, a mgbaàmà ya ka ọ bụrụ onye isi oche mbụ, nsonye na mgbasa ozi, nke Association of Art Museum Curators, otu ihe na New York na-akwado ma na- ike ọrụ curatorial gburugburu ụwa.  &lt;ref name=&quot;gallerieswest.ca&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Association of Art Museum Curators: Membership Committee|url=https://www.artcurators.org/page/Mbrcomm|accessdate=March 15, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2021, ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị na-egosi na ihe nkiri mkpirisi ihe ngosi John Greyson International Dawn Chorus Day  &lt;ref&gt;Sarah Jae Leiber, [https://www.broadwayworld.com/bwwtv/article/INTERNATIONAL-DAWN-CHORUS-DAY-Premieres-April-29-20210329 &quot;International Dawn Chorus Day Premieres April 29&quot;]. ''[[Broadway World]]'', March 29, 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edemede dị egwu na nke curatorial ==
Dị ka ndọtị nke omume curatorial ya, Jacques edepụtala ma dekọọ ọtụtụ akwụkwọ katalọgụ ngosi.  O bipụtakwala edemede, njirimara na ọnụ ọgụgụ na magazin.  Nke a play ije ozi dị ka onye isi oche, onye edemede, na onye nchịkọta akụkọ na Fuse Magazine ;  na ebe aka na Chatelaine, Canadian Art, na Public Journal, n'etiti ndị ọzọ. &lt;ref name=&quot;gw&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Michelle Jacques Named Chief Curator at the AGGV|url=https://www.gallerieswest.ca/news/michelle-jacques-named-chief-curator-at-the-aggv/|accessdate=6 February 2020|work=Galleries West|date=22 August 2012|language=en-ca|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200206003436/https://www.gallerieswest.ca/news/michelle-jacques-named-chief-curator-at-the-aggv/|archive-date=6 February 2020|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Lee|first=Yaniya|title=Expanding Access: An Interview with Michelle Jacques|url=https://canadianart.ca/interviews/expanding-access-an-interview-with-michelle-jacques/|accessdate=2022-03-16|work=Canadian Art|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=May 11, 2015|title=Ask the expert: How do I start an art collection?|url=https://www.chatelaine.com/home-decor/ask-the-expert-how-do-i-start-an-art-collection/|accessdate=March 16, 2022|work=Chatelaine}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Plant Stories are Love Stories Too: Moss + Curation|url=http://www.publicjournal.ca/public-64-beyond-unsettling/|accessdate=2022-03-16|work=www.publicjournal.ca}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Asọmpi nka nwere ikike ==
Jacques anọọla dị ka onye ọka iwu n'ọtụtụ asọmpi nka. Ihe atụ na nso nso a gụnyere:

* Onyinye foto nke Scotiabank, 2021 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nominators|url=http://www.scotiabankphotoaward.com/content/scotiabank/photoaward/en/scotiabank-photography-award/nominators.html|accessdate=2022-03-15|work=www.scotiabankphotoaward.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ihe nrite nka nka nke nnu nnu, 2021 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=About|url=https://2021.saltspringartprize.ca/about/|accessdate=2022-03-15|work=The Salt Spring National Art Prize|language=en-US|archivedate=2022-01-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220125171422/https://2021.saltspringartprize.ca/about/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ihe onyinye Hnatyshyn Foundation maka ndị nka na ndị na-ahụ maka ihe nkiri Canada, 2019 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Hnatyshyn Foundation Announces $75,000 in Awards for Canadian Visual Artists and Curators|url=https://www.rjhf.com/news/releases/2019/Press%20release%20visual%20arts%202019.pdf|accessdate=March 15, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Announcing the Recipients of the 2019 Awards for Canadian Visual Artists and Curators|url=https://akimbo.ca/listings/announcing-the-recipients-of-the-2019-awards-for-canadian-visual-artists-and-curators/|accessdate=2022-03-16|work=Akimbo|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Nrite Middlebrook maka ndị na-eto eto Canada Curators, 2019 &lt;ref name=&quot;mb&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Jury – Middlebrook Prize for Young Canadian Curators|url=https://middlebrookprize.ca/about/jury/|accessdate=6 February 2020|archive-date=6 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200206001930/https://middlebrookprize.ca/about/jury/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=2019 MPfYCC Call for Submissions – Middlebrook Prize for Young Canadian Curators|url=https://middlebrookprize.ca/2019-mpfycc-call-for-submissions/|accessdate=2022-03-15|language=en-US|archive-date=2022-01-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119071103/https://middlebrookprize.ca/2019-mpfycc-call-for-submissions/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* AIMIA | AGO Photography Prize, 2011 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Aimia AGO Photography Prize 2011|url=https://ago.ca/aimia-ago-photography-prize/2011|accessdate=2022-03-15|work=Art Gallery of Ontario|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe nrite ==

* 2022 Ihe nrite Hnatyshyn Foundation maka ndị nka na ndị na-ahụ maka ihe nkiri Canada &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Hajra Waheed Wins $25,000 Award from Hnatyshyn Foundation October 26, 2022 6:27 PM|url=https://www.gallerieswest.ca/news/hajra-waheed-wins-25-000-award-from-hnatyshyn-foundation|work=www.gallerieswest.ca|publisher=Galleries West Magazine, Oct 2022|accessdate=27 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221028072906/https://www.gallerieswest.ca/news/hajra-waheed-wins-25-000-award-from-hnatyshyn-foundation/|archive-date=28 October 2022|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Na Maachị 2024 ka e nyere Jacques ihe nrite Gọvanọ General na Visual na Media Arts . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.gallerieswest.ca/news/winners-of-governor-general%E2%80%99s-awards-in-visual-and-media-arts-name/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-05-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240531234749/https://www.gallerieswest.ca/news/winners-of-governor-general%E2%80%99s-awards-in-visual-and-media-arts-name/ |archive-date=2024-05-31 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ndị Canada Council for Arts kwuru n'oge a na-enye Gọvanọ General Award &quot;Ntụnye aka Jack na ubi bụ ihe na-emepụta ihe na nke pụrụ iche kpamkpam. Site na ntinye aka na-adịghị agwụ agwụ, ọgụgụ isi, ọhụụ, amamihe, na karịa ihe niile dị mma na mmesapụ aka nke mmụọ, ọ bụ ya ihe nlere anya na-akpali akpali, onye ndụmọdụ, na onye na-eche echiche nke usoro kachasị elu, ọ na-eche echiche zuru ụwa ọnụ, n'ụzọ dị iche iche, na ọtụtụ ọzụzụ, na-agbanye mgbe niile na mpaghara na nke dị ugbu a na ogologo echiche nke akụkọ ihe mere eme. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://en.ggarts.ca/michelle-jacques |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-05-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240531230811/https://en.ggarts.ca/michelle-jacques |archive-date=2024-05-31 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ntụaka ==
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[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Natalie Lauren Sims</title>
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{{Databox}}'''Natalie Lauren Sims''' (amuru June 25, 1984), nke a makwaara ya na aha ogbo ya '''Natalie Lauren''' na aha ogbo mbu '''Suzy Rock''', bu onye egwu, onye na-ede uri, onye mmebe eserese, onye na-ese ihe, onye ode akwukwo, na onye isi egwu sitere na Tulsa, Oklahoma . Dị ka a solo artist ọ rụrụ n'ime Christian hip hop na R&amp;amp;amp;B genres, na-ewepụtara a studio album, asatọ singles, three extended plays, a mixtape, and a live extended play as well as being featured on many songs from other artists. Ọ bụkwa onye otu High Society Collective - yana Sho Baraka, Swoope, na JR - nke wepụtara album studio, ''Circa MMXI: The Collective,'' na 2012. Ọ wepụtara album studio izizi ya, ''Handle with Care'', na 2020 site na Rostrum Records . E wepụtara otu ise maka ọba ahụ: &quot;Tụgharịa uche&quot; na 2019, yana &quot;Ihe Ihe&quot;, &quot;Naanị kuku&quot;, &quot;Back to Love&quot;, na &quot;Bra Off&quot; na 2020. E wepụtara EP dị ndụ nke otu aha na 2024.

Dị ka onye na-ede abụ, kredit Sims gụnyere ndị otu Iggy Azalea &quot; Ọrụ &quot;, &quot; gbanwee ndụ gị &quot;, na &quot; Bounce &quot;, na &quot; Aga m ahụ gị &quot; site na Lecrae na-egosi Tori Kelly . Ya na enyi ya KB edeela ma rụọ ọrụ nke ukwuu, onye ya na ya mekọrịtakwara dị ka onye isi A&amp;amp;amp;R . Ihe ndị ọzọ na-ede egwú na-agụnye ihe odide maka Lecrae, Chris Brown, Sho Baraka, Christon Gray, Da' TRUTH, Tedashii, Casey J, Keke Palmer, Sean Curran, na Jackie Hill Perry, n'etiti ndị ọzọ.

Sims' visual art and graphic design credits gụnyere albums nke Deitrick Haddon, Juanita Bynum, na Casey J. Eserela ihe osise ya na Art Genesis na [[Los Angeles]] na Christie's na [[London]] .

== Akụkọ ndụ ==

=== Ọmụmụ–2009 ===
A mụrụ Natalie Lauren Sims na Tulsa, Oklahoma n'oge 1984, wee zụlite ebe ahụ dị ka ada Charles Sims, Jr. &lt;ref name=&quot;BDAY&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://twitter.com/msnatalielauren/status/84780716520517632|title=Happy Birthday to me|author=Natalie Lauren (@msnatalielauren)|publisher=Twitter|accessdate=March 1, 2016|date=June 25, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Age&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://twitter.com/msnatalielauren/status/480504045439029248|title=4 days to 30 &amp; life has no Chill.... Jeju for the night|author=Natalie Lauren (@msnatalielauren)|publisher=Twitter|accessdate=March 1, 2016|date=June 21, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Father&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://twitter.com/msnatalielauren/status/214373226149707776|title=The very fact that I woke up 2day, called my daddy who is alive &amp; clean is evidence of God's redemptive Power! Love me some Charles Sims Jr!|author=Natalie Lauren (@msnatalielauren)|publisher=Twitter|accessdate=March 1, 2016|date=June 17, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ malitere ide egwu hip hop, mgbe ọ dị afọ 11, mgbe ọ ghọrọ Onye Kraịst. mgbe ọ dị afọ 14. &lt;ref name=&quot;Interview One&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xt9gHwX-UP8|title=DFW116KB's NYE2013 Interview: Suzy Rock|author=Marshall, Christopher|publisher=YouTube|accessdate=March 1, 2016|date=January 15, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Interview Two&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wHSySPJX8bs|title=Suzy Rock – My 1st experience with Christian hip hop...|author=Sketchthej|publisher=YouTube|accessdate=March 1, 2016|date=March 26, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ malitere ọrụ hip-hop na 2002. &lt;ref name=&quot;About&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/msnatalielauren/info?tab=page_info|title=About|author=Natalie Lauren (@msnatalielauren)|publisher=Facebook|accessdate=March 1, 2016|date=July 8, 2002}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sims si na Tampa kwaga Atlanta, Georgia na 2007. N'afọ 2009, ọ zutere Iggy Azalea - onye ka na-arụ ọrụ n'okpuru aha ọmụmụ ya, Amethyst Kelly - yana ndị na-emepụta [[FKi 1st|FKi]] na Jon Jon Traxx na-ekekọrịta ohere studio abụọ. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.rapzilla.com/rz/features/10024-christian-songwriter-natalie-lauren-maneuvers-working-for-iggy-azalea-lecrae|title=Christian songwriter Natalie Lauren maneuvers working for Iggy Azalea, Lecrae|author=Daniels|first=David|date=February 4, 2015|work=[[Rapzilla]]|accessdate=March 2, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Agbanyeghị, Sims na Azalea mechara kwụsị imetụ aka mgbe Azalea kwagara Los Angeles na 2010. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Na 2009, Sims, n'okpuru moniker Suzy Rock, wepụtara mixtape nke isiokwu ya bụ ''So Gịnị'' . &lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://soundcloud.com/rapzilla/sets/suzy-rock-so-what|title=Suzy Rock – So What|author=Rapzilla|date=June 24, 2009|publisher=SoundCloud|accessdate=November 21, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Suzy Rock – &quot;Reel Em In&quot; &quot;So What&quot; &quot;I'll Go ft Deitrick Haddon&quot;|url=http://jamthehype.com/suzy-rock-qreel-em-inq-qso-whatq-qill-go-ft-detrick-haddonq/|work=Jam the Hype|accessdate=December 1, 2016|date=September 4, 2009|archivedate=December 2, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161202034904/http://jamthehype.com/suzy-rock-qreel-em-inq-qso-whatq-qill-go-ft-detrick-haddonq/}}&lt;/ref&gt; O gosikwara na egwu &quot;Runaway Train&quot; nke Rachel dere, site na album ''Nothing W/O You'' . &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.reverbnation.com/rachelmmusic/song/2119892-runaway-train-ft-suzy-rock|title=Runaway Train Ft. Suzy Rock {{!}} Rachel|author=eMinor|work=ReverbNation|accessdate=June 12, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== 2010–11 ===
Na 2010, Sims jikọrọ aka na Lecrae album ''Rehab'', na-egosi na abụ &quot;Elu&quot;, na-egosikwa Sho Baraka, na-edekọ ma nye nkwado nkwado na abụ &quot;Killa.&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.rapzilla.com/rz/music/2406-lecrae-qhighq-feat-sho-baraka-a-suzy-rock|title=Lecrae &quot;High&quot; feat. Sho Baraka &amp; Suzy Rock|author=Rood|first=Philip|date=September 2, 2010|work=Rapzilla|accessdate=November 15, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/natalie-sims-mn0002455647|title=Natalie Sims – Credits|work=[[AllMusic]]|publisher=[[All Media Guide]]|accessdate=November 15, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'otu afọ ahụ, o mere mkpuchi ahụ na Deitrick Haddon 's soundtrack album ''Happy &amp; Cursed'' ''- Voices of Unity'', nke gụnyere egwu ya &quot;Ya mere gịnị&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;blessed and cursed&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/blessed-cursed-mw0001988872|title=Blessed &amp; Cursed – Voices of Unity|work=[[AllMusic]]|publisher=[[All Media Guide]]|accessdate=November 15, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sims nyekwara ntụzịaka nka maka ọba Juanita Bynum ''More Passion'' na ihe okike maka ''ekele'' nke Myron Williams. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Na 2011, Sims dere maka ma nye aka na ''Blacklight'' site na Tedashii na ''The Good Life'' (2012) nke Trip Lee, &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; ma gosipụta na egwu &quot;Fantasy&quot; site na album ikpeazụ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.rapzilla.com/rz/news/38-backstage/4294-trip-lee-the-good-life-tracklisting|title=Trip Lee 'The Good Life' Tracklisting|author=Solis|first=Steven|date=March 8, 2012|work=Rapzilla|accessdate=November 15, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; O gosikwara na otu &lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt;Ndewo&lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt; sitere na KB's na-abia album ''Weight &amp;amp;amp; Glory'' (2012), &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.rapzilla.com/rz/music/3758-kb-qhelloq-featuring-suzy-rock|title=KB &quot;Hello&quot; feat. Suzy Rock|date=October 28, 2011|work=Rapzilla|accessdate=November 15, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; album nke o nyekwaara ufodu ide egwu. &lt;ref name=&quot;weight and glory&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/weight-glory-mw0002381352|title=Weight &amp; Glory – KB|work=[[AllMusic]]|publisher=[[All Media Guide]]|accessdate=November 15, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Egwu &quot;Church Clap&quot;, nke na-egosi Lecrae, sitere na ''Weight &amp; Glory'' bụ nke enwetara ọla edo na 2023. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Sarachik|first=Justin|date=2023-11-09|title=KB &amp; Lecrae Earn Gold Record for 'Church Clap' Song|url=https://rapzilla.com/2023-11-kb-lecrae-earn-gold-record-church-clap-song/|accessdate=2024-04-07|work=[[Rapzilla]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; O gosikwara na egwu abụọ nke [[Derek Minor|Pro]], &quot;Gbatara&quot; sitere na ''PSA Vol.'' ''2'' na &quot;Ṅụọ ihe ọṅụṅụ si iko ya&quot; site na ''ịnwụ na-adị ndụ'', &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://rapzilla.com/rz/music/freemp3s/2961-pro-psa-vol2|title=PRo 'PSA' vol.2|date=March 8, 2011|work=[[Rapzilla]]|accessdate=June 9, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Remy|first=Logan|title=Review – PRo 'Dying To Live'|url=http://www.rapzilla.com/rz/features/45-review/3504-review-pro-dying-to-live|work=[[Rapzilla]]|accessdate=June 9, 2016|date=August 20, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; abụ &quot;Survivor&quot; nke Da' TRUTH sitere na album ya ''bụ The Whole Truth'', &lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Da' T.R.U.T.H. 'The Whole Truth' Tracklisting|url=http://www.rapzilla.com/rz/news/38-backstage/3431-da-truth-the-whole-truth-tracklisting|work=[[Rapzilla]]|accessdate=June 8, 2016|date=August 4, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; &quot;Agha Agha&quot; nke Lecrae sitere na album ya ''Rehab: The Ịṅụbiga mmanya ókè ,'' &lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/rehab-the-overdose/id862828658|title=Rehab: The Overdose by Lecrae on Apple Music|date=2011|work=iTunes|accessdate=December 8, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160829025221/https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/rehab-the-overdose/id862828658|archive-date=August 29, 2016|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; na egwu Canon &quot;Poppin Off&quot; sitere na album ''Blind World.'' &lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.rapzilla.com/rz/music/freemp3s/3695-canon-blind-world|title=Canon 'Blind World'|date=October 4, 2011|work=[[Rapzilla]]|accessdate=June 9, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọzọkwa, n'afọ ahụ Sims kwadoro òtù hip hop High Society, yana Sho Baraka, JR, na Swoope . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://rapzilla.com/rz/news/1-press/3883-syntax-offers-a-taste-of-high-society|title=Syntax Offers a Taste of High Society|date=December 13, 2011|work=Rapzilla|accessdate=November 21, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Otu ahụ wepụtara otu mbụ ya, &quot;Otu Oge&quot;, na June 20, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.rapzilla.com/rz/music/freemp3s/3264-high-society-one-moment|title=High Society &quot;One Moment&quot;|date=June 20, 2011|work=Rapzilla|accessdate=November 21, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; na otu nke abụọ, &quot;Ekwensu&quot;, na Ọktoba 31, 2011. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/devil-feat.-sho-baraka-suzy/id475466642|title=Devil (feat. Sho Baraka, Suzy Rock, JR and Swoope) – Single by High Society Collective on Apple Music|work=iTunes|date=October 31, 2011|accessdate=November 21, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== 2012–13 ===
Na 2012, Sims weputara usoro egwu na nkuzi a na-akpọ ''Dirty Little Secrets'', &lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.rapzilla.com/rz/music/4701-suzy-rock-dirty-little-secrets|title=Suzy Rock 'Dirty Little Secrets: Music &amp; Teaching Series'|author=Solis|first=Steven|date=July 2, 2012|work=Rapzilla|accessdate=November 15, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://gospelbeat.com.br/gb/?p=14164|title=Suzy Rock lança novo single e a série &quot;DIRTY LITTLE SECRETS&quot; – Gospel Beat – Cultura Urbana &amp; LifeStyle Cristão|author=DHVII|date=March 7, 2012|work=Gospel Beat|language=pt|accessdate=November 15, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; na-egosi na Lecrae's mixtape ''Church Clothes'' ma nye aka na-ede abụ na album ya ''Gravity'', &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://rapzilla.com/rz/news/38-backstage/4497-lecrae-church-clothes-tracklisting-revealed|title=Lecrae 'Church Clothes' Tracklisting Revealed|author=Solis|first=Steven|date=May 8, 2012|work=Rapzilla|accessdate=December 2, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; ma nye ihe osise eserese maka Deitrick. ụda Haddon sitere na ''Mkpụrụ Obi mara mma'' . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/a-beautiful-soul-mw0002320414|title=A Beautiful Soul – Deitrick Haddon,Voices of Unity|work=[[AllMusic]]|publisher=[[All Media Guide]]|accessdate=November 15, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; High Society wepụtara ya mpụta mbụ album, ''Circa MMXI – The mkpokọta'', na January 17, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/circa-mmxi-the-collective/id493631559|title=Circa MMXI – The Collective by High Society Collective on Apple Music|work=iTunes|date=January 17, 2012|accessdate=November 21, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.jesusfreakhideout.com/cdreviews/CircaMMXI.asp|title=High Society Collective, &quot;Circa MMXI – The Collective&quot; Review|author=Weaver|first=Michael|date=February 3, 2012|work=Jesus Freak Hideout|accessdate=November 21, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.rapzilla.com/rz/features/reviews/4031-review-high-society-circa-mmxi-the-collective|title=Review – High Society 'Circa MMXI: The Collective'|author=Smith|first=Nyon|date=January 12, 2012|work=Rapzilla|accessdate=November 21, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; na nke atọ, na-abụghị album otu, &quot;Young Again&quot;, na February 14. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/young-again-single/id502998012|title=Young Again – Single by High Society Collective on Apple Music|work=iTunes|date=February 14, 2012|accessdate=November 21, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mgbe a na-ahazi ya na Tedashii na KB, Shawna Peezy, onye njikwa maka Iggy Azalea kpọtụụrụ Sims, na-arịọ ka ọ gbaga Wales iji nyere Azalea aka ide ''The New Classic'' (2014). Sims na mbụ na-ala azụ ịnara onyinye ahụ, n'ihi na ọ ga-egbutu njem nlegharị anya ya, wee nwee ahụ iru ala na ọdịnaya risqué nke Azalea wepụtara. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; Agbanyeghị, ọ natara oku sitere n'aka Sarah Stennett sitere na ndị otu njikwa na London Turn First Artists. Stennett kọwara na ụlọ ọrụ ya na-agbalị ịre ahịa ihe oyiyi Azalea. Sims ghọtara nke a na ọ pụtara ụzọ na-akpasu iwe na nke doro anya, na, na-atụ anya ka ọ bụrụ mmetụta dị mma na ọdịnaya Azalea, gbahapụrụ nkwụsị anọ ikpeazụ na njem ya wee fega Wales na December. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Mgbe obere oge ezumike na United States maka ekeresimesi gasịrị, Sims fegara London maka nnọkọ nke abụọ. O mechara dee banyere ahụmahụ ya na &quot;Ọhụrụ site na nkewa na ịda mbà n'obi m nọrọ otu ọnwa na London na obere ụlọ ọrụ 10X10 ụbọchị ụfọdụ na-ede ma na-ede ma na-ede ihe… Iri cottage pie. Abụ mbụ anyị mechara bụ Ọrụ. N'agbanyeghị ma ọ bụ na ọ bụghị. ị masịrị ọdịnaya ahụ egwu ahụ gwara Iggy akụkọ eziokwu banyere ịchụ ọgụ na ịrụsi ọrụ ike dị ka onye na-ese ihe.&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://jamthehype.com/natalie-lauren-details-relationship-iggy-azalea/|title=Natalie Lauren Details Her Relationship With Iggy Azalea|date=October 21, 2014|work=Jam the Hype|accessdate=March 3, 2016|archivedate=July 14, 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180714231453/http://jamthehype.com/natalie-lauren-details-relationship-iggy-azalea/}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://wadeoradio.com/top-10-christian-hip-hop-stories-of-2014/|title=Top 10 Christian Hip Hop Stories of 2014 {{!}} Wade-O Radio|author=Sketch the Journalist|date=December 31, 2014|work=Wade-O Radio|accessdate=November 21, 2016|archivedate=December 2, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161202034228/http://wadeoradio.com/top-10-christian-hip-hop-stories-of-2014/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sims nyere aka na egwu ise pụtara na album ahụ: &quot; Ọrụ &quot;, &quot; Bounce &quot;, &quot; Change Your Life &quot;, &quot;Just Askin&quot; na &quot;New Bitch&quot; - nke nwere aha ọrụ &quot;New Chick&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; &quot;Ọrụ&quot; rere ihe karịrị otu nde n'ime US ma bụrụ nke a kwadoro platinum, &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; mgbe &quot;Gbanwee Ndụ Gị&quot; rere ihe karịrị 500,000 mbipụta ma bụrụ nke a kwadoro ọla edo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.riaa.com/gold-platinum/?tab_active=default-award&amp;ar=Iggy+Azalea&amp;ti=Change+Your+Life#search_section|title=Gold &amp; Platinum – RIAA|work=[[Recording Industry Association of America|RIAA]]|accessdate=November 15, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sims mechara kwupụta ịkwa ụta na ngwaahịa ikpeazụ nke oge ederede ya na Azalea, na-ekwu na &quot;M mefuru ohere ịme egwu dị mkpa. Ọ bụghị na egwu ọ bụla, ma ole na ole. M furu efu nkeji atọ na 45 sekọnd na-enye aka na oke saturation. nke ịhụ ihe onwunwe n'anya, ịhụ ihe oyiyi na ọtụtụ ihe na-enweghị isi. &quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

=== 2014-2019 ===
[[Usòrò:NatalieLaurenSims2014PressPhoto.jpg|thumb| Sims na 2014]]

=== 2019 - dị ugbu a ===
Na 2019, ọ pụtara na egwu &quot;Catch 22&quot; nke Swoope na EP ''abụọ ya maka Otu.'' &lt;ref name=&quot;:16&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Catch 22 (feat. Natalie Lauren) by Swoope|url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/catch-22-feat-natalie-lauren/1451772236?i=1451772242|accessdate=August 29, 2020|work=Apple Music|date=March 15, 2019|language=en-us}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'otu afọ ahụ, na June 25, ọ wepụtara otu &quot;Meditate&quot; site na album ya na-abịa ''Handle with Care'', site na Rostrum Records .  Otu na-esote maka ọba ahụ, &quot;Ihe Ihe&quot;, arụpụtara na Jenụwarị 17, 2020.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=March 30, 2020|title=BMI Indie Spotlight: Natalie Lauren|url=https://www.bmi.com/news/entry/bmi-indie-spotlight-natalie-lauren|accessdate=August 29, 2020|work=[[Broadcast Music, Inc.|BMI]]|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dị ka Lauren si kwuo, e dere abụ ahụ maka nne ya na onye ọ bụla &quot;adịghị ahụ anya na ike gwụrụ.&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=January 17, 2020|title=Natalie Lauren Is Up To 'Something Something'|url=https://litandmore.com/natalie-lauren-is-up-to-something-something/|accessdate=August 29, 2020|work=Lit and More|language=en-US|archivedate=September 29, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929114140/https://litandmore.com/natalie-lauren-is-up-to-something-something/}}&lt;/ref&gt; A gbara vidiyo egwu maka &quot;Ihe ihe&quot; n'obodo Sims nke Tulsa, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Angele|first=Emilie|date=March 4, 2020|title='Something, Something' From Natalie Lauren Is Out Now!|url=https://conversationsabouther.net/something-something-from-natalie-lauren-is-out-now-music-news/|accessdate=August 29, 2020|work=Conversations About Her|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; wee wepụta ya na February 28, 2020. &lt;ref name=&quot;:19&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Natalie Lauren|date=February 28, 2020|title=Something Something|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S_Fxkr494bI&amp;feature=emb_title|accessdate=August 28, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ruo ọtụtụ afọ, Lauren dabere na Atlanta mana na mbido 2020 laghachiri Tulsa ilekọta nne na nna ya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Watts, Jr.|first=James D.|date=July 5, 2020|title=Tulsa native's new album encourages all to handle life 'with Care'|url=https://tulsaworld.com/entertainment/tulsa-natives-new-album-encourages-all-to-handle-life-with-care/article_a888a067-4714-5e34-9307-2214ee789b01.html|accessdate=August 29, 2020|work=[[Tulsa World]]|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na June 18, 2020, o kwuru na Facebook post: &quot;Achọrọ m ka ndụ m bụrụ ọkpụkpọ òkù ịhụnanya nke na-amanye ndị ọzọ ịtụle na inyocha Chineke. Nke a bụ oghere dị nchebe iji bụrụ onwe gị na ọkwa niile, ọṅụ, nuances, ajụjụ., Mgbu, nnwere onwe nke na-abịa na ịbụ: Black, Christian, Doubtful, Broken, Creative, Woman, Bi / Queer, Ajụjụ, Independent, Artist, Undecided, Conflicting and still being like m. Nke a abụghị ohere niile azịza ma ọ bụ kpebie ma ọ bụ ohere inyocha onwe gị na onye kere gị site na nka, egwu na mkparịta ụka dị n'ime obodo a.&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Lauren|first=Natalie|date=June 18, 2020|title=Natalie Lauren – There's a lot of new people around so I'd...|url=https://www.facebook.com/msnatalielauren/posts/4542816935732183|accessdate=September 2, 2020|work=Facebook|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E wepụtara otu nke atọ, &quot;Just Breathe&quot;, na Mee 29, 2020. &lt;ref name=&quot;:20&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Just Breathe – Single by Natalie Lauren|url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/just-breathe-single/1512884072|accessdate=August 29, 2020|work=Apple Music|date=May 29, 2020|language=en-us|archivedate=December 16, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201216223202/https://music.apple.com/us/album/just-breathe-single/1512884072}}&lt;/ref&gt; &quot;Back to Love&quot; sochiri na Juneteenth (June 19), 2020.  &lt;ref name=&quot;:22&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Watts, Jr.|first=James D.|date=June 18, 2020|title=Tulsa recording artist Natalie Lauren to release new single on Juneteenth|url=https://tulsaworld.com/entertainment/tulsa-recording-artist-natalie-lauren-to-release-new-single-on-juneteenth/article_60d37c6d-bd22-5c9c-839f-6ab9810c8e3f.html|accessdate=August 29, 2020|work=[[Tulsa World]]|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lauren kọwara echiche egwu dị ka &quot;ụbọchị mbụ nke Black Summer ebe anyị nwere onwe anyị ka anyị nwee obi ụtọ na nchekwa ọzọ n'ụlọ nke ndị anyị. Egwu ahụ bụ akụkọ ihe mere eme ma juputara na ememe na-atụgharị uche na agụụ.&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;:22&quot; /&gt; Na Julaị 1, 2020, ewepụtara otu nke ise na ọba ahụ, akpọrọ &quot;Bra Off&quot;.  Isi okwu nke abụ ahụ, dị ka Lauren si kwuo, na-ekwusi ike na ụmụ nwanyị ekwesịghị ịbụ ndị na-edo onwe ha n'okpuru mmekọahụ, mkparị, mwakpo, na mmekọahụ mgbe ha na-adịghị eyi bra . Ọ na-akpọkwa ụmụ nwanyị ka ha nwee afọ ojuju n'emeghị &quot;ime&quot; na &quot;dị naanị ihe efu dị ka ụmụ nwanyị.&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Ceres|first=Celeste Daniella|date=July 7, 2020|title=Natalie Lauren's &quot;Bra Off&quot; invites Black women to embrace their natural selves|url=https://earmilk.com/2020/07/07/natalie-laurens-bra-off-invites-black-women-to-embrace-their-natural-selves/|accessdate=August 29, 2020|work=EARMILK|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; E wepụtara ''Handle with Care'' na Julaị 17, 2020, site na Rostrum Records. &lt;ref name=&quot;:24&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Handle With Care by Natalie Lauren|url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/handle-with-care/1519949404|accessdate=August 29, 2020|work=Apple Music|date=July 17, 2020|language=en-us|archivedate=November 1, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101132703/https://music.apple.com/us/album/handle-with-care/1519949404}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sims kwuru banyere album ahụ: &quot;E nwere ọtụtụ obodo m bụ akụkụ nke na ịhụnanya. Obodo ojii, ndị na-eso Jizọs, obodo LGBTQ niile na-ekere òkè dị ukwuu na ndụ m, achọrọ m ka egwu m bụrụ nkwado na ịhụnanya. ha niile site na nka.&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;:110&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Ceres|first=Celeste Daniella|date=July 23, 2020|title=Natalie Lauren speaks on creating art for Black people and the power of being present on 'Handle With Care' [Interview]|url=https://earmilk.com/2020/07/23/natalie-lauren-speaks-on-creating-art-for-black-people-and-the-power-of-being-present-on-handle-with-care-interview/|accessdate=August 30, 2020|work=EARMILK|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na Septemba 16, 2022, o kwuputara njikọ aka ya na Chelsea Tyler Hall. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=September 16, 2022|title=Natalie Lauren on Instagram: &quot;here's to a soft life with you @chelseytylerhall. i love you. #engaged @larisastingaphotography thank you a million! #proposal&quot;|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/Cikrbzsued2/|accessdate=2022-11-13|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ihe osise Lauren &quot;Pink Dream&quot; bụ Mashonda Tifrere họpụtara dị ka otu n'ime ihe osise iri na ise e depụtara maka ''Notes to Self'', nke egosiri na Christie's na London site na Machị 28, 2023 ruo Eprel 14, 2023, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=April 3, 2023|title=Tulsa Artist Natalie Lauren Embodies Female Sovereignty in London Exhibition 'Note to Self'|url=https://www.ebony.com/tulsa-artist-natalie-lauren-note-to-self-exhibition/|accessdate=2024-04-07|work=[[Ebony (magazine)|EBONY]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Osborne|first=Deon|date=2023-03-31|title=Tulsa artist takes dreams to Christie's in London|url=http://theblackwallsttimes.com/2023/03/31/tulsa-artist-takes-black-girl-magic-to-christies-in-london/|accessdate=2024-04-07|work=[[Black Wall Street Times]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; wee gosipụta ya na Tulsa's 2023. Ememme Juneteenth . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Freed|first=Blayklee|date=2023-08-31|title=Beyond what is: Natalie Lauren’s work makes room for duality|url=https://www.tulsapeople.com/city-desk/beyond-what-is-natalie-lauren-s-work-makes-room-for-duality/article_986bccca-469c-11ee-b760-6f1607504737.html|accessdate=2024-04-07|work=TulsaPeople Magazine|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240407195421/https://www.tulsapeople.com/city-desk/beyond-what-is-natalie-lauren-s-work-makes-room-for-duality/article_986bccca-469c-11ee-b760-6f1607504737.html|archive-date=2024-04-07|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọrụ Lauren agba agba wee tinye ya na Tifrere's Art Jenesis &quot;100 Days of Summer&quot; ngosi na [[Los Angeles]] site na Julaị 26, 2023 ruo Ọgọst 5, 2023. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Tarver|first=Keisha M.|date=July 27, 2023|title=Mashonda Tifrere Debuts &quot;Art Genesis: 100 Days of Summer&quot; Exhibition - Hype Off Life magazine|url=https://hypeofflife.com/blog/mashonda-tifrere-100-days-of-summer|accessdate=2024-04-07|work=Hype Off Life|language=en-US|archivedate=2024-04-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240407195420/https://hypeofflife.com/blog/mashonda-tifrere-100-days-of-summer}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na Maachị 22, 2024, Lauren wepụtara ụdị EP dị ndụ nke ''Handle with Care'' . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Handle With Care (Live) - EP|url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/handle-with-care-live-ep/1736146676|accessdate=April 6, 2024|archivedate=April 6, 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240406151912/https://music.apple.com/us/album/handle-with-care-live-ep/1736146676}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Natalie Lauren|url=https://www.mutualart.com/Artist/Natalie-Lauren/2FA630C6DE71724F|accessdate=April 7, 2024|work=Mutual Art}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe ngosi ==
 

== Ekele ndị ọzọ ==

== Ntụaka ==
&quot;, &quot; Bounce &quot;, &quot; Change Your Life &quot;, &quot;Just Askin&quot; na &quot;New Bitch&quot; - nke nwere aha ọrụ &quot;New Chick&quot;.  &quot;Ọrụ&quot; rere ihe karịrị otu nde n'ime US ma bụrụ nke a kwadoro platinum,   mgbe &quot;Gbanwee Ndụ Gị&quot; rere ihe karịrị 500,000 mbipụta ma bụrụ nke a&quot;, &quot; [[Bounce (abụ Iggy Azalea)|Bounce]] &quot;, &quot; [[Gbanwee ndụ gị (abụ Iggy Azalea)|Change Your Life]] &quot;, &quot;Just Askin&quot; na &quot;New Bitch&quot; - nke nwere aha ọrụ &quot;New Chick&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.rapzilla.com/rz/features/10024-christian-songwriter-natalie-lauren-maneuvers-working-for-iggy-azalea-lecrae|title=Christian songwriter Natalie Lauren maneuvers working for Iggy Azalea, Lecrae|author=Daniels|first=David|date=February 4, 2015|work=[[Rapzilla]]|accessdate=March 2, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; &quot;Ọrụ&quot; rere ihe karịrị otu nde n'ime US ma bụrụ [[Asambodo RIAA|nke a kwadoro platinum]], &lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:14&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://jamthehype.com/natalie-lauren-details-relationship-iggy-azalea/|title=Natalie Lauren Details Her Relationship With Iggy Azalea|date=October 21, 2014|work=Jam the Hype|accessdate=March 3, 2016|archivedate=July 14, 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180714231453/http://jamthehype.com/natalie-lauren-details-relationship-iggy-azalea/}}&lt;/ref&gt; mgbe &quot;Gbanwee Ndụ Gị&quot; rere ihe karịrị 500,000 mbipụta ma bụrụ nke a{{Reflist|30em}}
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
[[Òtù:Articles with hCards]]
[[Òtù:Short description is different from Wikidata]]
[[Òtù:Articles with short description]]
[[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Oras (ụlọ ọrụ)</title>
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      <text bytes="2939" sha1="oo1ddu7ylon42gg9xttl5jorpocpj40" xml:space="preserve">'''Oras Oy''' bụ onye Finland na-emepụta paịpụ na Kichin.&lt;ref name=&quot;oras.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.oras.com/en/consumer/company/Pages/Oras.aspx|title=Oras at a glance|publisher=Oras|accessdate=May 3, 2012|archivedate=May 19, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120519171026/http://www.oras.com/en/consumer/company/pages/oras.aspx}}&lt;/ref&gt; Erkki Paasikivi guzobere ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na Rauma na 1945.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.kansallisbiografia.fi/talousvaikuttajat/?iid=2190|title=Vuorineuvos Pekka Paasikivi (1944–)|author=Vahe, Juha|date=September 5, 2008|work=[[Kansallisbiografia]]|publisher=[[Finnish Literature Society]]|language=Finnish|accessdate=May 3, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Oras bụ ónyé ọtú nke nke anọ kachasị emepụta paucet na Europe, ọ nwèkwàrà na ahụ pasent 30-80 nke òkè ahịa na Finland.&lt;ref name=&quot;talouselama&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.talouselama.fi/uutiset/paasikiven+iloiset+velikullat+tarttuvat+kemiraan/a2047527|title=Paasikiven iloiset velikullat tarttuvat Kemiraan|author=Kullas, Emilia|date=October 12, 2007|work=Talouselämä|publisher=Talentum|language=Finnish|accessdate=May 3, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; ụlọ ọrụ ahụ nwere ụlọ ọrụ abụọ, nke dị na Olesno, Poland na Rauma. &lt;ref name=&quot;oras.com&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://yle.fi/uutiset/oras_keskittaa_tuotantoaan_raumalle_ja_puolaan/2200413|title=Oras keskittää tuotantoaan Raumalle ja Puolaan|date=December 7, 2010|publisher=[[Yle]]|language=Finnish|accessdate=May 3, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nchịkọta ==
Isi ụlọ ọrụ Oras dị na Rauma na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ya dị na Finland, Poland, Germany na Czech na Republic.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.orasgroup.com/fi/yritys/|title=Oras Group|access-date=2024-07-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181229031716/https://www.orasgroup.com/fi/yritys/|archive-date=2018-12-29|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2012, ọ were ihe dịka mmadụ 920 n'ọrụ na Europe, nke ihe dịka ndị ọsọ ghọrọ ike akụkọ nke ọrụ 600 na ndị ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ na Finland. &lt;ref name=&quot;Taloussanomat_Oras&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://yritys.taloussanomat.fi/y/oras-oy/rauma/1988049-0/|title=Oras - Yrityshaku|work=Taloussanomat|publisher=Sanoma News|accessdate=April 28, 2011|archivedate=March 21, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120321041639/http://yritys.taloussanomat.fi/y/oras-oy/rauma/1988049-0/}}&lt;/ref&gt; A na-esikwa na Europe na Nweta nkasi na ihe ndị a na-emepụta na ihe ndị a. Oras nwere ụlọ ọrụ ahịa nke ya n'ihe karịrị mba 15 dị na Europe. Ụdị Oras kachasị mkpa bụ Oras na Hansa.&lt;ref name=&quot;VM&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20110407205655/http://www.vm.fi/vm/fi/03_tiedotteet_ja_puheet/01_tiedotteet/20110328Tuotta32803/name.jsp Valtiovarainministeriö: Tuottavuuden pyöreä pöytä jakoi vuoden 2011 tuottavuusyhteistyökunniamaininnat], 28.3.2011&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nrutuaka ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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    <title>Mohammed Arrhioui</title>
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{{Infobox person|name=Mohammed Arrhioui &lt;br&gt; {{lang|ar|محمد ارغيوي}}|image=Studioarrhioui.jpg|birth_date={{birth date and age|1995|4|13}}|birth_place=[[Oujda, Morocco|Oujda]], Morocco|occupation=[[{{!}}visual artist]], activist|awards=|education=School of Fine Arts of Casablanca|years_active=2019–present|website=[https://www.mohammedarrhioui.com/]}}

'''Mohammed Arrhioui''' (Arabic: محمد أرغيوي), amụrụ na 1995, bụ omenkà Moroccan. Ọ bi ma na-arụ ọrụ na Casablanca, Morocco. Onye gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Casablanca School of Fine Arts, ụlọ ọrụ French họpụtara ya maka ebe obibi nka mbụ ya dị ka akụkụ nke mmemme Labo Résilience.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Mohammed Arrhioui : Une exploration artistique émotionnelle au cœur de la condition humaine|url=https://www.pagesafrik.com/mohammed-arrhioui-une-exploration-artistique-emotionnelle-au-coeur-de-la-condition-humaine/|work=www.pagesafrik.com|date=2023-08-28|accessdate=2024-07-08|language=fr-FR|author=Pagesafrik.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Ndụ na ọrụ ==
Mohammed Arrhioui, amuru na 1995, Ọ bi na-arụ ọrụ na Casablanca (Morocco).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Mohammed Arrhioui - Biography, Shows, Articles &amp; More|url=https://www.artsy.net/artist/mohammed-arrhioui|work=Artsy|accessdate=2024-07-08|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ dị ka onye na-ese ihe &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=IN CONVERSATION WITH MOHAMMED ARRHIOUI|url=https://systemagazine.wordpress.com/2024/08/29/in-conversation-with-mohammed-arrhioui/|date=2024-08-29|accessdate=2024-08-30|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ==
Ọrụ nka Mohammed Arrhioui lekwasịrị anya n'ịchọpụta adịghị ike nke mmadụ na ihe nnọchianya ya. A na-eji ọrụ ya mara site n'okwu jupụtara na obi umeala, na-ekpughe nhụjuanya nke ime ahụ na nhụjuanya ha. Site n'iji ihe atụ eme ihe nke eggshells, ọ na-anọchi anya akpụkpọ ahụ mmadụ, gbawara agbawa iji kpughee ọnyá dị omimi nke onwe. Ngosipụta ya nke ihe mgbu, ihe gbasara onwe ya na mmekọrịta chiri anya, na-eme ka ọdịdị dị iche iche nke omenala dịkwuo mma. Ihe osise ihe atụ Mohammed Arrhioui si otú a na-enyo enyo adịghị ike nke ụmụ mmadụ na ngosipụta anụ ahụ na-esi na ya pụta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Maroc: l’Exposition fascinante de Mohammed Arrhioui à la Galerie African Arty Casablanca|url=https://www.pagesafrik.com/maroc-lexposition-fascinante-de-mohammed-arrhioui-a-la-galerie-african-arty-casablanca/|work=www.pagesafrik.com|date=2024-07-05|accessdate=2024-07-08|language=fr-FR|author=Pagesafrik.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Mohammed Arrhioui's Compelling Exhibition at African Arty Casablanca|url=https://www.nighty.ma/mohamed-arrhiouis-compelling-exhibition-at-african-arty-casablanca/|work=Nighty - The First Nightlife Magazine in Morocco|date=2024-07-02|accessdate=2024-07-08|language=en-GB|author=Nighty}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.maroc.ma/fr/actualites/prix-national-des-arts-plastiques-les-noms-des-laureats-devoiles|work=https://www.maroc.ma|title=Archive copy|accessdate=2024-07-08|archivedate=2023-02-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227015303/https://www.maroc.ma/fr/actualites/prix-national-des-arts-plastiques-les-noms-des-laureats-devoiles}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Mohammed Arrhioui|url=https://moroccanpaintings.com/collections/mohammed-arrhioui|work=Moroccan Paintings|accessdate=2024-07-08|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Arrhioui Mohammed|url=https://vosartistes.com/artiste/arrhioui-mohammed/?lang=es|work=VOSARTISTES.COM|accessdate=2024-07-08|language=fr-FR}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Mohammed Arrhioui {{!}} Artist Overview {{!}} MutualArt|url=https://www.mutualart.com/Artist/Mohammed-Arrhioui/E220788DCD4C4CC7|work=www.mutualart.com|accessdate=2024-07-08|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe ngosi mkpokọta ==

* 2024: Ụdị &amp; Akụrụngwa, Ụlọ ihe nkiri Arty Africa, Casablanca, Morocco&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Vernissage &quot;Formes et Matières&quot;African Arty Casablanca|url=https://www.decoactuelle.ma/vernissage-formes-et-matieresafrican-arty-casablanca/|work=DECO ACTUELLE|date=2024-06-21|accessdate=2024-07-08|language=fr-FR|author=Hicham}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2024: Onyinye, Galerie Duende Art Projects, Antwerp, Belgium&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=THE GIFT {{!}} 1 - 29 June 2024 - Overview|url=https://www.duendeartprojects.com/exhibitions/26-the-gift-a-celebration-of-art-and-life/overview/|work=Duende Art Projects|accessdate=2024-07-08|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2023: Ndị na-agafe agafe, Galerie Duende Art Projects, Antwerp, Belgium&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=PAN AMSTERDAM 2023 {{!}} Mohammed Arrhioui, Anonymous Artist...|url=https://galleryviewer.com/fr/exposition/4576/pan-amsterdam-2023|work=galleryviewer.com|accessdate=2024-07-08|language=FR}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2023: Ncheta na ọnụ ụzọ, 1-54 Art ngosi, Noir Sur Blanc Gallery, Marrakech, Morocco
* 2022: Nrite mba maka nka plastik, Bab Rouah Gallery, Rabat, Morocco&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.maroc.ma/fr/actualites/prix-national-des-arts-plastiques-les-noms-des-laureats-devoiles|work=https://www.maroc.ma|accessdate=27/12/2022|title=Archive copy|archivedate=2023-02-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227015303/https://www.maroc.ma/fr/actualites/prix-national-des-arts-plastiques-les-noms-des-laureats-devoiles}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2022: Art Art in Perspective, Prestigia Anfa Real Estate Gallery, Casablanca, Morocco&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://prestigia-morocco.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/page0032.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2022: Convergences 2, Villa des Arts, Casablanca, Morocco&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Convergences II|url=https://www.villadesarts.ma/expositions/convergences-ii.html|work=Villa des Arts Maroc|accessdate=2024-07-08|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2021: Polymorphism, Escape3 Gallery, Cape Town, South Africa&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Polymorphism at Escap3 Gallery {{!}} Art.co.za Art Exhibition Listings|url=https://www.art.co.za/exhibitions/polymorphism-at-escap3-gallery|work=www.art.co.za|accessdate=2024-07-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2021: Plurielles Matters, Galerie Abla Aabou, Rabat, Morocco&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Matières plurielles – Abla Ababou galerie - A+E Magazine|url=https://aemagazine.ma/abla-ababou-galerie-matieres-plurielles/|work=aemagazine.ma|date=2021-11-08|accessdate=2024-07-08|language=fr-FR|author=Frou Akalay}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2021: Ụzọ Serapeum, Escape3 Gallery, Cape Town, South Africa
* 2020: Ihe ngosi mkpokọta n'ịntanetị &quot;Fine Arts Solidaires Maroc&quot;
* 2018: Ihe ngosi otu, Osisi nke Higher School of Fine Arts, Casablanca, Morocco
* 2016: Ihe ngosi mkpokọta, ihe ngosi nke Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Hassania nke Ọrụ Ọha, Casablanca, Morocco

== Foires&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; ==

* 2024: AKAA (A makwaara dị ka Africa) Galerie Duende Art Projects, Paris, France [https://www.lequotidiendelart.com/articles/26350-leur-première-fois-à-akaa.html]
* 2023: PAN AMSTERDAM, Galerie Duende Art Projects, Amsterdam, Netherlands

== Prix&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; ==

* 2022: National Prize for Plastic Arts, Ministry of Youth, Culture and Communication, Morocco
* 2022: Nrite mpaghara mbụ maka nka plastik, ndị nnọchi anya mpaghara nke Ministry of Culture, mpaghara Casablanca-Settat, Morocco

== Ọrụ ebipụtara ==

*[https://www.atoflow.com/artiste/ma/cas/autres/163-mohammed-arrhioui/213-coquille-doeuf-et-resine-sur-panneau '''Coquille d'Oeuf et Résine sur Panneau''']

== References ==
&lt;references responsive=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;/references&gt;

== External links ==

* https://www.mohammedarrhioui.com/
* https://akaafair.com/artistes/
* https://montresso.com/Montresso-Artists/mohammed-arrhioui/index.html
* https://web.archive.org/web/20240708183925/https://africarty.com/artists/mohammed-arrhioui-artist/
* https://www.atoflow.com/artiste/ma/cas/autres/163-mohammed-arrhioui/213-coquille-doeuf-et-resine-sur-panneau
* https://www.artsy.net/article/artsy-editorial-african-arty-nurtures-emerging-talent-casablanca
* https://www.duendeartprojects.com/artists/118-mohammed-arrhioui/overview/
* https://web.archive.org/web/20240708183418/https://escap3gallery.com/artists/mohammed-arrhioui
* https://web.archive.org/web/20241226131955/https://www.artwell.ma/arrhioui-mohammed/
* https://www.ablaababou.com/mohammed-arrhioui
* https://www.artsy.net/artist/mohammed-arrhioui
* https://isni.org/isni/0000000508343443
* https://viaf.org/viaf/34167440525788531608/
* https://www.calameo.com/books/00403431700347457b909
* https://laplateforme55.org/author/mohammed-arrhioui/
[[Ihü kárírí:Categories|Ụdàkọ]]: 

* [[:Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ|Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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    <title>MiRA Resource Center maka ndị isi ojii, ndị mbịarambịa na ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ</title>
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MiRA Resource Center for Black, Immigrant and Refugee Women bụ norwegian NGO tọrọ ntọala na 1989, nke na-arụ ọrụ iji meziwanye ọnọdụ ibi ndụ nke ụmụ nwanyị si mba ọzọ kwabata na ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ na Norway. Onye guzobere na onye isi nchịkwa nke etiti ahụ bụ Fakhra Salimi. A na-akwụ ụgwọ MiRA Centre kpọmkwem maka mmefu ego steeti norway. Ọ bụ otu n'ime òtù iri na ise n'okpuru nkwado eze nke Queen Sonja nke Norway [1]       i&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20240727092155/https://www.royalcourt.no/artikkel.html?tid=28742 Organisations under the patronage of HM The Queen], Royal Court of Norway&lt;/ref&gt; ma nye ya ọnọdụ ndụmọdụ pụrụ iche na United Nations Economic and Social Council na 2001. &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.un.org/press/en/2001/ngo393.doc.htm NGO committee recommends four applicants receive ecosoc conultative status], [[United Nations]]&lt;/ref&gt;

Center na-enye ndụmọdụ, nduzi, ọmụmụ ihe ma na-ahazi nzukọ ọmụmụ ihe, ma na-ekere òkè na arụmụka ọha na eze. Otu n'ime isi isiokwu ya bụ alụmdi na nwunye mmanye na okwu metụtara mmekọahụ. Ụlọ ọrụ MiRA bụ onye otu Norwegian Women's Lobby na Forum for Women and Development.    &lt;ref&gt;[http://snl.no/MiRA-Senteret MiRA-Senteret], [[Store Norske Leksikon]]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==</text>
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    <title>Nji Oumarou Nchare</title>
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      <text bytes="3707" sha1="0lomrvcy36m06w3k6xhwqhdqr1z56ur" xml:space="preserve"> {{Infobox writer &lt;!-- for more information see [[:Template:Infobox writer/doc]] --&gt;|name=Nji Oumarou Nchare|caption=|image=|pseudonym=|birth_date={{birth date and age|1964|12|25}}|birth_place=[[Foumban]], [[Cameroon]]|death_date=|death_place=|occupation=Director of Cultural Affairs, Bamum Palace and Co-Director, [[Bamum Scripts and Archives Project]]|nationality=Cameroonian|period=|genre=[[Language]], [[Culture]], [[History]] and [[Religion]]|subject=[[Bamum language]] and Shümom language|movement=|influences=|influenced=|signature=|website=}}

'''Nji Oumarou Nchare''' (amụrụ Disemba 25, 1964, na Foumban, Cameroon) bụ onye na-ahụ maka ọrụ Bamum Scripts and Archives na Foumban, Cameroon na onye isi ihe gbasara ọdịbendị na ihe ndekọ akụkọ na Bamum Palace, Foumban. Ọ bụ onye nchoputa (1978) nke &quot;Club Shümom&quot; na Foumban, Director nke A-ka-u-ku na Shümom School Initiative, ma na-akwado mmemme mgbasa ozi mpaghara na Radio Communautaire du Noun.

== Mmụta ==
A zụlitere Nji Oumarou Nchare na Cameroon, Africa, nwa Mbouombouo Moussa na Lipainpouo Amina. Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị gọọmentị, Njintout na Foumban, site na 1970 ruo 1976, wee nweta akara ugo mmụta mmụta dị elu na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị gọọmentị dị na Foumban. Ọ bụ n'oge ọmụmụ akwụkwọ mbụ ya na 1976 na Njintout mgbe Oumarou mụtara banyere edemede Bamum na Sultan Ibrahim Njoya. Nchare nọ na Klas 6 na ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị wee kọọrọ ya akụkọ ihe mere Sultan Ibrahim Njoya. Akụkọ banyere ihe Njoya chepụtara masịrị ya ozugbo ma onye nkụzi ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị ya amaghị ihe odide ahụ n'onwe ya. N'ikpeazụ Nchare mụrụ akwụkwọ edemede Bamum n'okpuru nduzi nke Emmanuel Ndayou Njoya, Nji Yerema Jean na André Njififen Kouendap wee tinye aka na Bamum Scripts and Archives Project.

Nchare gara n'ihu na-enweta ogo mmụta ya dị elu na Mahadum Yaoundé, Ụlọ Ọrụ Summer Institute of Linguistics na Yaoundé na Regional School of Documentation na Brazzaville, Republic of Congo. O ji akwụkwọ nzere ụlọ akwụkwọ mbụ, asambodo G.C.E nkịtị, asambodo G.C.E Advanced Level, asambodo ọmụmụ asụsụ na asambodo onye na-agụ akwụkwọ.

== Ọrụ na Ndụ ==
Nchare bụ onye isi nke Bamum Scripts and Archives Project na Archives du Palais des Rois Bamoun, Foumban. Ya na onye isi ọrụ ahụ, Konrad Tuchscherer, emeela njem n'Alaeze Bamum na-anakọta ma na-ese foto akwụkwọ ndị na-eyi egwu, mepụta ihe ncheta nke oge a maka nchekwa akwụkwọ, ma nyere aka mepụta mkpụrụedemede kọmputa na-arụ ọrụ maka edemede Bamum. Ọ na-etinye aka na ntụgharị na ndepụta nke akwụkwọ na otu ndị ntụgharị ma malite atụmatụ ịgbasa agụmakwụkwọ n'etiti ndị ntorobịa Bamum n'ụlọ akwụkwọ. N'afọ 2006, Eze nke [[Bamum people|Bamum]]_people&quot; id=&quot;mwIg&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Bamum people&quot;&gt;Ndị Bamum, El Hadj Sultan Ibrahim Mbombo Njoya, kwetara Nchare maka mbọ ya site n'inye ya utu aha Bamum &quot;Nji&quot; (&quot;Master&quot;). Nkwado a so n'otu n'ime utu aha kachasị elu na obodo Bamum, ma ozugbo enyere ya, a na-enyefe ya site n'ọgbọ ruo n'ọzọ.

Taa Nchare na nwunye ya na ụmụ ise bi na [[Kameroon|Cameroon]].

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070512130641/http://www.bamumscript.org/ Ihe odide Bamum na Ihe Nchekwa Ọrụ]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070822113249/http://www.bamumscript.org/nchare.php Akụkọ ndụ nke Nji Oumarou Nchare - Bamum Scripts and Archives Project]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Nchare, Nji Oumarou}}
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
[[Òtù:1960 births]]</text>
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    <title>Frederick Katzer</title>
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'''Frederick Xavier Katzer''' (February 7, 1844 - Julaị 20, 1903) bụ onye ụkọchukwu Katọlik si mba [[Amerika]]. Onye amụrụ na mba [[Austria]], o jere ozi dịka Archbishọp Milwaukee site n'afọ 1891 ruo 1903. Ọ rụkwarụ ọrụ dịka Bishọp nke Green Bay (1886-1891).

== Ndụ na mmalite ==
A mụrụ Katzer na February 7, 1844, na Ebensee, Upper Austria na nke Ukwu Austria (nke bụ akụkụ Austria) nye Carl na Barbara Katzer. Ezinụlọ ahụ mechara kwaga Gmunden na Upper Austria. Katzer nwetara agụmakwụkwọ ya ebe ahụ, wee hapụ mba ahụ ka ọ na-arụ ọrụ n'ụlọ ọrụ akwa.  N'afọ 1857, ọ banyere na seminarị nke ndị {{ill|Society of Jesus|en}} na [[Freinberg]] na Upper Austria iji mụọ ụwa ochie.&lt;ref name=&quot;progress&quot;/&gt;

Mgbe Katzer na-agụ akwụkwọ na seminari ndị Jesuit, o zutere Reverend Francis Pierz, onye ozi ọzọ na-arụ ọrụ na American India na State of Minnesota na Amerika. Pierz kpọrọ Kalzer ka ọ gụchaa na seminarị na Minnesota ma gaa rụọ ọrụ dị ka onye ozi ebe ahụ. Site n'enyemaka nke onyinye sitere na {{ill|Leopoldine Society of Vienna|en}}, Kalzer nwere ike ịkwụ ụgwọ maka njem ogara aga na Amerika.

Kalzer hapụrụ obodo [[New York]] n'onwa Mee n'afọ 1864 wee gaa [[Minnesota]]. N'agbanyeghị na mgbe ọ rutere ebe ahụ, {{ill|Diocese nke Saint Paul|en}} gwara ya na ọ nweghị ike ịkwado ya na agụmakwụkwọ ya; ọnụ ihe ahụ ka otu lere banye agụmakwụkwọ ndị Jesuit Di ebe ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;archdiocese&quot;/&gt; Ọ gwakwara Reverend Joseph Salzmann okwu, onye guzobere Saint Francis de Sales Seminary ọhụrụ na {{ill|Milwaukee, Wisconsin|en}}. Maka [[Diocese nke Milwaukee]] chọrọ ndị ụkọchukwu ndị ọzọ na-asụ German, Salzmann mere ka Katzer kweta imecha ọmụmụ nkà mmụta okpukpe ya ma bụrụ onye a họpụtara n'ebe ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;archdiocese&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Most Reverend Frederick Xavier Katzer, D.D.|url=https://www.archmil.org/Bishops/Former-Archbishops/Katzer.htm|website={{ill|Archdiocese of Milwaukee|en}}}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ụkọchukwu ==
[[Faịlụ:St._Francis_Xavier_Cathedral,_Green_Bay,_Wisconsin_(cropped).jpg|thumb|St. Francis Xavier Cathedral, Green Bay, Wisconsin (2013) ]]
Mgbe ọ gwụchara na Saint Francis de Sales, Katzer echiri echichi onye ụkọchukwu maka Archdiocese nke Milwaukee na Disemba 21, 1866, site n'aka Bishọp John Henni..&lt;ref name=&quot;hierarchy&quot;/&gt;

Mgbe a họpụtara ya na 1866, Saltzmann họpụtara Katzer ka ọ bụrụ onye a họpụtara na ngalaba nke Saint Francis de Sales, ebe ọ kụziri mgbakọ na mwepụ, nkà ihe ọmụma, na nkà mmụta okpukpe.&lt;ref name=&quot;progress&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|date=1897|title=Men of Progress: Wisconsin|url=https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/service/gdc/lhbum/19127/19127.pdf|location=Milwaukee|publisher=The Evening Wisconsin Company|archive-date=2025-12-20|access-date=2025-03-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251220000916/https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/service/gdc/lhbum/19127/19127.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;. Milwaukee: The Evening Wisconsin Company. 1897.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 1867, Katzer kpọtara ndị mụrụ ya na United States. ha bu ụzọ soro ya biri na seminarị, ma mesịa soro ya gaa Green Bay na Milwaukee ruo mgbe nna ya nwụrụ na 1876 na ọnwụ nne ya na 1895. 

Na Julaị 1875, e tinyere Katzer, ma ọ bụ bufee ya na Diocese ọhụrụ nke Green Bay.  Bishọp Francis Krautbauer họpụtara Kalzer ka ọ bụrụ odeakwụkwọ ya.[1]  Na 1881, a kpọrọ ya ka ọ bụrụ onye mbụ na Katidral Saint Francis Xavier ọhụrụ na Green Bay.  [2] N'otu afọ ahụ, Krautbauer họpụtara Katzer ka ọ bụrụ onye isi nke dayọsis ahụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;progress&quot; /&gt;

== Bishọp nke Green Bay ==
Mgbe Krautbauer nwụsịrị, Pope Leo XIII họpụtara Katzer ka ọ bụrụ bishọp nke atọ nke Green Bay na Julaị 13, 1886. [1] Ọ natara nsọpụrụ nke ịbụ bishọp na Septemba 21, 1886, site n'aka Archbishọp Michael Heiss, na ndị bishọp John Vertin na John Ireland bụ ndị jere ozi dịka ndị bishọp..&lt;ref name=&quot;hierarchy&quot; /&gt;

Na 1889, ndị na-akwado Nativist na Wisconsin Legislature gafere Bennett Iwu, nke chọrọ ka ụlọ akwụkwọ niile dị na Wisconsin kuzie nkuzi naanị na Bekee.  N'oge a, ụlọ akwụkwọ Katọlik dị na steeti ahụ na-akụzi na German, Polish na asụsụ ndị ọzọ kwabatara.  Katzer katọrọ iwu ahụ dị ka &quot;nzọụkwụ nke àmà na-egosi na-agbalị ịkwalite mwakpo ya na Ụka ​​ma mezuo mmegbu ya site na steeti.&quot;[1] Na nhoputa ndi ochichi nke 1890, Kalzer kwadoro onye ochichi onye ochichi Democratic George Wilbur Peck, onye mgbe a họpụtara ya wepụrụ iwu Bennett na 1891..&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;blied&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Benjamin Joseph Blied|title=Three Archbishops of Milwaukee|url=https://archive.org/details/threearchbishops0000blie|year=1955}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ime afọ ise Katzer dị ka bishọp, ọnụ ọgụgụ ụlọ akwụkwọ Katọlik dị na diocese ahụ mụbara site na 44 na ụmụ akwụkwọ 5,292 na 1886 ruo 70 na ụmụ akwụkwọ 10,785 na 1891.

== Achịbishọp nke Milwaukee ==
[[Faịlụ:James_Gibbons.jpg|thumb|247x247px|Kadinal James Gibbons (1900) ]]
[[Faịlụ:Cahensly_Peter_Paul.jpg|thumb|249x249px|Peter Cahensly (1900) ]]
[[Faịlụ:John_Ireland_(archbishop_of_Saint_Paul).jpg|thumb|249x249px|Achịbishọp John Ireland]]
Mgbe Heiss nwụsịrị na Machị 1890, ndị bishọp nke Wisconsin tụrụ aro ka mmadụ atọ na-asụ German dochie ya na Leo XIII. Ndị kachasị elu ha bụ Kalzer. Otú ọ dị, nhọpụta ya kpaliri mmeghachi omume n'etiti ndị bishọp ndị ọzọ na United States.&lt;ref name=&quot;ellis&quot;/&gt;

N'oge a, e kewara ndị isi Katọlik nke America n'ogige abụọ.

* Ogige ndị ụkọchukwu America chọrọ ka Vatican họpụta onye ụkọchụ na-asụ Bekee nke ga-enyere aka ịbata ndị mbịarambịa Wisconsin n'ime ọha mmadụ America.
* Ogige ndị Conservative, n'okwu a, ndị bishọp nọ na Wisconsin, chọrọ ka onye ụkọchukwu German chekwaa asụsụ na omenala nke ndị Germany.

Ebe Katzer si Austria, ndị America na-emegide ntuli aka ya.[1]  Archbishọp John Ireland nke St.  Dịka Paul si kwuo, akwụkwọ Kadịnal James Gibbons, okwu Katzer bụ &quot;nwoke zuru oke na onye na-eru eru be Achịbiskọp&quot;&quot;.

N'oge nzukọ nke ndị bishọp na July 1890, ogige ndị America nwere ihe ịga nke ọma n'ịmepụta ndepụta nke ndị na-abụghị ndị Germany maka ịbụ achịbishọp nke Milwaukee &lt;ref name=&quot;ellis&quot;/&gt; Ndị Conservative na ndị America zigara ndị ha họpụtara na Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith na Rom. Na Jenụwarị 30, 1891, na mmeri ndị Conservative, Leo XIII họpụtara Katzer dị ka achịbishọp nke atọ nke Milwaukee. &lt;ref name=&quot;hierarchy&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|work=Catholic-Hierarchy.org|title=Archbishop Frederick Francis Xavier Katzer|url=https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bkatzer.html}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bkatzer.html &quot;Archbishop Frederick Francis Xavier Katzer&quot;]. ''Catholic-Hierarchy.org''.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Mgbe a họpụtara ya dị ka archbishọp, Katzer pụtara dị ka onye ndu nke ogige nchekwa nchekwa, nke gụnyere Archbishọp Michael Corrigan nke New York na Bishọp Bernard McQuaid nke Rochester.[1][2]  Na 1899, ndị Conservatives nwetara mmeri ọzọ maka Testem benevolentiae nostrae, iwu Leo XIII.  Katzer gwara ndị mmadụ, &quot;Ndị a na-akpọ Americanism nwere obi ụtọ na ha nwere obi ụtọ na mkpebi nke See na-Ọ dịghị ụzọ anyị nwere ike isi mee ya.&quot;  [1] N'afọ sochirinụ, o zigara Vatican akwụkwọ ozi na-emegide nhọpụta nke Bishọp John J. Keane dị ka Archbishọp nke Dubuque..

Peter Cahensly, onye ahịa Germany bara ọgaranya, zigara Leo XIII akụkọ na-awụ akpata oyi n'ahụ n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 1891. Cahensly kwuru na ndị Katọlik kwagara na United States na-ahapụ okwukwe n'ihi enweghị ndị ụkọchukwu na ụka nke mba ha.&lt;ref name=&quot;ellis&quot;/&gt; Otú ọ dị, ọtụtụ ndị na-ekiri ihe na-emenụ na-arụ ụka banyere izi ezi nke akụkọ Cahensly, otu onye nchịkọta akụkọ akwụkwọ akụkọ boro Katzer ebubo ịbụ &quot;onye na-echebe Cahensly&quot; na &quot;na-agba izu na ike mba ọzọ&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;wanderer&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2012|title=YEARS OF STORM &amp; STRESS: Joseph Matt &amp; Americanism|url=https://www.catholicculture.org/culture/library/handouts/A-Centenary-of-Catholic-Life.pdf|work=The Wanderer}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Katzer mere ebubo ahụ megide Kadịnal Gibbons, onye ndu ndị America.  N'akwụkwọ ahụ, Katzer kwuru, sị, &quot;Echeghị m na m nwere echiche dị iche ... gịnị ka m kwenyere n'ụzọ m ga-esi nọrọ na ha?&quot;  [1] N'August 1891, Katzer gwara Gibbons na ya ewerela pallium..

Katzer bụ onye otu Archbishọp nke Ireland Faribault-Stillwater Plan.  Ọ bụ nnwale mmụta malitere na 1873 na usoro ụlọ akwụkwọ ọha nke Poughkeepsie, New York.  Dị ka atụmatụ a si dị, Archdiocese nke New York ewepụtala ọtụtụ parish na usoro ụlọ akwụkwọ ọha iji nye ụmụ akwụkwọ nkuzi okpukpe na-abụghị ụlọ akwụkwọ.[1].  Corrigan's Katzer na mmegharị mgbochi Vatican.  Na mgbakwunye na akwụkwọ ozi nke Archbishọp Michael Corrigan nke New York megide atụmatụ ahụ, a na-ewere na Ireland etinyela akụkụ abụọ nke ajụjụ nke ụlọ akwụkwọ Rome..&lt;ref name=&quot;ellis&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Ellis|first=John Tracy|title=The Life of James Cardinal Gibbons, Archbishop of Baltimore (1834-1921)|url=https://archive.org/details/lifeofjamescardi0001unse_s3h0|date=1952|location=Milwaukee|publisher=The Bruce Publishing Company|isbn=0870611445}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFEllis1952&quot;&gt;Ellis, John Tracy (1952). ''The Life of James Cardinal Gibbons, Archbishop of Baltimore (1834-1921)''. Milwaukee: The Bruce Publishing Company. [[ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0870611445|&lt;bdi&gt;0870611445&lt;/bdi&gt;]].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Katzer bụkwa onye isi na-emegide òtù nzuzo ndị na-abụghị ndị Katọlik na òtù ụmụnna maka ụmụ nwoke. Ọ kpọrọ oku ka Vatican katọọ ndị Odd Fellows, Knights of Pythias, na Sons of Temperance. Holy Office wepụtara nkatọ nke òtù ndị a na 1894, mana o nyere ndị bishọp ikike n'ịkpọsa ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;ellis&quot;/&gt;

== Ndụ na ọnwụ ==
[[Faịlụ:Frederick_Katzer.jpg|thumb|173x173px|Ebe ili Katzer dị na Saint Francis De Sales Seminary (2005) ]]
Ná mmalite nke Katzer na 1891, achịbishọp ahụ nwere ndị ụkọchukwu 227, ụlọ ụka 268, na ụlọ akwụkwọ 125 iji jeere ndị Katọlik 180,000 ozi.&lt;ref name=&quot;directory1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|date=1891|title=Sadliers' Catholic Directory, Almanac and Ordo|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uenQAAAAMAAJ|location=New York|publisher=D. J. Sadlier &amp; Company}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ka ọ na-erule afọ ikpeazụ ya dị ka achịbishọp na 1903, achịbishọn ahụ nwere ndị ụkọchukwu 329, chọọchị 321, ụlọ akwụkwọ parish 148, na ndị Katọlik 280,861. &lt;ref name=&quot;directory2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|date=1903|title=The Official Catholic Directory|url=https://archive.org/details/officialcatholic1903unse|location=New York|publisher=M. H. Wiltzius &amp; Company}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Frederick Katzer nwụrụ site na ọrịa kansa imeju na Fond du Lac, Wisconsin, na July 20, 1903.  E liri ya na obere ili ozu na ala nke Saint Francis de Sales.

== Ihe odide ==
{{Reflist}}

== Ebe e si nweta ya ==

* {{Cite book|author=Blied|first=Benjamin J.|date=1955|title=Three Archbishops of Milwaukee: Michael Heiss (1818-1890), Frederick Katzer (1844-1903), Sebastian Messmer (1847-1930)|url=https://archive.org/details/threearchbishops0000blie|pages=46–81}}
{{Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milwaukee}}{{Roman Catholic Diocese of Green Bay}}
[[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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'''Frederick Xavier Katzer''' (February 7, 1844 - Julaị 20, 1903) bụ onye ụkọchukwu Katọlik si mba [[Amerika]]. Onye amụrụ na mba [[Austria]], o jere ozi dịka Archbishọp nke Milwaukee site n'afọ 1891 ruo 1903. Ọ rụkwarụ ọrụ dịka Bishọp nke Green Bay (1886-1891).

== Ndụ na mmalite ==
A mụrụ Katzer na February 7, 1844, na Ebensee, Upper Austria na nke Ukwu Austria (nke bụ akụkụ Austria) nye Carl na Barbara Katzer. Ezinụlọ ahụ mechara kwaga Gmunden na Upper Austria. Katzer nwetara agụmakwụkwọ ya ebe ahụ, wee hapụ mba ahụ ka ọ na-arụ ọrụ n'ụlọ ọrụ akwa.  N'afọ 1857, ọ banyere na seminarị nke ndị {{ill|Society of Jesus|en}} na [[Freinberg]] na Upper Austria iji mụọ ụwa ochie.&lt;ref name=&quot;progress&quot;/&gt;

Mgbe Katzer na-agụ akwụkwọ na seminari ndị Jesuit, o zutere Reverend Francis Pierz, onye ozi ọzọ na-arụ ọrụ na American India na State of Minnesota na Amerika. Pierz kpọrọ Kalzer ka ọ gụchaa na seminarị na Minnesota ma gaa rụọ ọrụ dị ka onye ozi ebe ahụ. Site n'enyemaka nke onyinye sitere na {{ill|Leopoldine Society of Vienna|en}}, Kalzer nwere ike ịkwụ ụgwọ maka njem ogara aga na Amerika.

Kalzer hapụrụ obodo [[New York]] n'onwa Mee n'afọ 1864 wee gaa [[Minnesota]]. N'agbanyeghị na mgbe ọ rutere ebe ahụ, {{ill|Diocese nke Saint Paul|en}} gwara ya na ọ nweghị ike ịkwado ya na agụmakwụkwọ ya; ọnụ ihe ahụ ka otu lere banye agụmakwụkwọ ndị Jesuit Di ebe ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;archdiocese&quot;/&gt; Ọ gwakwara Reverend Joseph Salzmann okwu, onye guzobere Saint Francis de Sales Seminary ọhụrụ na {{ill|Milwaukee, Wisconsin|en}}. Maka [[Diocese nke Milwaukee]] chọrọ ndị ụkọchukwu ndị ọzọ na-asụ German, Salzmann mere ka Katzer kweta imecha ọmụmụ nkà mmụta okpukpe ya ma bụrụ onye a họpụtara n'ebe ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;archdiocese&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Most Reverend Frederick Xavier Katzer, D.D.|url=https://www.archmil.org/Bishops/Former-Archbishops/Katzer.htm|website={{ill|Archdiocese of Milwaukee|en}}}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ụkọchukwu ==
[[Faịlụ:St._Francis_Xavier_Cathedral,_Green_Bay,_Wisconsin_(cropped).jpg|thumb|St. Francis Xavier Cathedral, Green Bay, Wisconsin (2013) ]]
Mgbe ọ gwụchara na Saint Francis de Sales, Katzer echiri echichi onye ụkọchukwu maka Archdiocese nke Milwaukee na Disemba 21, 1866, site n'aka Bishọp John Henni..&lt;ref name=&quot;hierarchy&quot;/&gt;

Mgbe a họpụtara ya na 1866, Saltzmann họpụtara Katzer ka ọ bụrụ onye a họpụtara na ngalaba nke Saint Francis de Sales, ebe ọ kụziri mgbakọ na mwepụ, nkà ihe ọmụma, na nkà mmụta okpukpe.&lt;ref name=&quot;progress&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|date=1897|title=Men of Progress: Wisconsin|url=https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/service/gdc/lhbum/19127/19127.pdf|location=Milwaukee|publisher=The Evening Wisconsin Company|archive-date=2025-12-20|access-date=2025-03-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251220000916/https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/service/gdc/lhbum/19127/19127.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;. Milwaukee: The Evening Wisconsin Company. 1897.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 1867, Katzer kpọtara ndị mụrụ ya na United States. ha bu ụzọ soro ya biri na seminarị, ma mesịa soro ya gaa Green Bay na Milwaukee ruo mgbe nna ya nwụrụ na 1876 na ọnwụ nne ya na 1895. 

Na Julaị 1875, e tinyere Katzer, ma ọ bụ bufee ya na Diocese ọhụrụ nke Green Bay.  Bishọp Francis Krautbauer họpụtara Kalzer ka ọ bụrụ odeakwụkwọ ya.[1]  Na 1881, a kpọrọ ya ka ọ bụrụ onye mbụ na Katidral Saint Francis Xavier ọhụrụ na Green Bay.  [2] N'otu afọ ahụ, Krautbauer họpụtara Katzer ka ọ bụrụ onye isi nke dayọsis ahụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;progress&quot; /&gt;

== Bishọp nke Green Bay ==
Mgbe Krautbauer nwụsịrị, Pope Leo XIII họpụtara Katzer ka ọ bụrụ bishọp nke atọ nke Green Bay na Julaị 13, 1886. [1] Ọ natara nsọpụrụ nke ịbụ bishọp na Septemba 21, 1886, site n'aka Archbishọp Michael Heiss, na ndị bishọp John Vertin na John Ireland bụ ndị jere ozi dịka ndị bishọp..&lt;ref name=&quot;hierarchy&quot; /&gt;

Na 1889, ndị na-akwado Nativist na Wisconsin Legislature gafere Bennett Iwu, nke chọrọ ka ụlọ akwụkwọ niile dị na Wisconsin kuzie nkuzi naanị na Bekee.  N'oge a, ụlọ akwụkwọ Katọlik dị na steeti ahụ na-akụzi na German, Polish na asụsụ ndị ọzọ kwabatara.  Katzer katọrọ iwu ahụ dị ka &quot;nzọụkwụ nke àmà na-egosi na-agbalị ịkwalite mwakpo ya na Ụka ​​ma mezuo mmegbu ya site na steeti.&quot;[1] Na nhoputa ndi ochichi nke 1890, Kalzer kwadoro onye ochichi onye ochichi Democratic George Wilbur Peck, onye mgbe a họpụtara ya wepụrụ iwu Bennett na 1891..&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;blied&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Benjamin Joseph Blied|title=Three Archbishops of Milwaukee|url=https://archive.org/details/threearchbishops0000blie|year=1955}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ime afọ ise Katzer dị ka bishọp, ọnụ ọgụgụ ụlọ akwụkwọ Katọlik dị na diocese ahụ mụbara site na 44 na ụmụ akwụkwọ 5,292 na 1886 ruo 70 na ụmụ akwụkwọ 10,785 na 1891.

== Achịbishọp nke Milwaukee ==
[[Faịlụ:James_Gibbons.jpg|thumb|247x247px|Kadinal James Gibbons (1900) ]]
[[Faịlụ:Cahensly_Peter_Paul.jpg|thumb|249x249px|Peter Cahensly (1900) ]]
[[Faịlụ:John_Ireland_(archbishop_of_Saint_Paul).jpg|thumb|249x249px|Achịbishọp John Ireland]]
Mgbe Heiss nwụsịrị na Machị 1890, ndị bishọp nke Wisconsin tụrụ aro ka mmadụ atọ na-asụ German dochie ya na Leo XIII. Ndị kachasị elu ha bụ Kalzer. Otú ọ dị, nhọpụta ya kpaliri mmeghachi omume n'etiti ndị bishọp ndị ọzọ na United States.&lt;ref name=&quot;ellis&quot;/&gt;

N'oge a, e kewara ndị isi Katọlik nke America n'ogige abụọ.

* Ogige ndị ụkọchukwu America chọrọ ka Vatican họpụta onye ụkọchụ na-asụ Bekee nke ga-enyere aka ịbata ndị mbịarambịa Wisconsin n'ime ọha mmadụ America.
* Ogige ndị Conservative, n'okwu a, ndị bishọp nọ na Wisconsin, chọrọ ka onye ụkọchukwu German chekwaa asụsụ na omenala nke ndị Germany.

Ebe Katzer si Austria, ndị America na-emegide ntuli aka ya.[1]  Archbishọp John Ireland nke St.  Dịka Paul si kwuo, akwụkwọ Kadịnal James Gibbons, okwu Katzer bụ &quot;nwoke zuru oke na onye na-eru eru be Achịbiskọp&quot;&quot;.

N'oge nzukọ nke ndị bishọp na July 1890, ogige ndị America nwere ihe ịga nke ọma n'ịmepụta ndepụta nke ndị na-abụghị ndị Germany maka ịbụ achịbishọp nke Milwaukee &lt;ref name=&quot;ellis&quot;/&gt; Ndị Conservative na ndị America zigara ndị ha họpụtara na Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith na Rom. Na Jenụwarị 30, 1891, na mmeri ndị Conservative, Leo XIII họpụtara Katzer dị ka achịbishọp nke atọ nke Milwaukee. &lt;ref name=&quot;hierarchy&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|work=Catholic-Hierarchy.org|title=Archbishop Frederick Francis Xavier Katzer|url=https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bkatzer.html}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bkatzer.html &quot;Archbishop Frederick Francis Xavier Katzer&quot;]. ''Catholic-Hierarchy.org''.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Mgbe a họpụtara ya dị ka archbishọp, Katzer pụtara dị ka onye ndu nke ogige nchekwa nchekwa, nke gụnyere Archbishọp Michael Corrigan nke New York na Bishọp Bernard McQuaid nke Rochester.[1][2]  Na 1899, ndị Conservatives nwetara mmeri ọzọ maka Testem benevolentiae nostrae, iwu Leo XIII.  Katzer gwara ndị mmadụ, &quot;Ndị a na-akpọ Americanism nwere obi ụtọ na ha nwere obi ụtọ na mkpebi nke See na-Ọ dịghị ụzọ anyị nwere ike isi mee ya.&quot;  [1] N'afọ sochirinụ, o zigara Vatican akwụkwọ ozi na-emegide nhọpụta nke Bishọp John J. Keane dị ka Archbishọp nke Dubuque..

Peter Cahensly, onye ahịa Germany bara ọgaranya, zigara Leo XIII akụkọ na-awụ akpata oyi n'ahụ n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 1891. Cahensly kwuru na ndị Katọlik kwagara na United States na-ahapụ okwukwe n'ihi enweghị ndị ụkọchukwu na ụka nke mba ha.&lt;ref name=&quot;ellis&quot;/&gt; Otú ọ dị, ọtụtụ ndị na-ekiri ihe na-emenụ na-arụ ụka banyere izi ezi nke akụkọ Cahensly, otu onye nchịkọta akụkọ akwụkwọ akụkọ boro Katzer ebubo ịbụ &quot;onye na-echebe Cahensly&quot; na &quot;na-agba izu na ike mba ọzọ&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;wanderer&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2012|title=YEARS OF STORM &amp; STRESS: Joseph Matt &amp; Americanism|url=https://www.catholicculture.org/culture/library/handouts/A-Centenary-of-Catholic-Life.pdf|work=The Wanderer}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Katzer mere ebubo ahụ megide Kadịnal Gibbons, onye ndu ndị America.  N'akwụkwọ ahụ, Katzer kwuru, sị, &quot;Echeghị m na m nwere echiche dị iche ... gịnị ka m kwenyere n'ụzọ m ga-esi nọrọ na ha?&quot;  [1] N'August 1891, Katzer gwara Gibbons na ya ewerela pallium..

Katzer bụ onye otu Archbishọp nke Ireland Faribault-Stillwater Plan.  Ọ bụ nnwale mmụta malitere na 1873 na usoro ụlọ akwụkwọ ọha nke Poughkeepsie, New York.  Dị ka atụmatụ a si dị, Archdiocese nke New York ewepụtala ọtụtụ parish na usoro ụlọ akwụkwọ ọha iji nye ụmụ akwụkwọ nkuzi okpukpe na-abụghị ụlọ akwụkwọ.[1].  Corrigan's Katzer na mmegharị mgbochi Vatican.  Na mgbakwunye na akwụkwọ ozi nke Archbishọp Michael Corrigan nke New York megide atụmatụ ahụ, a na-ewere na Ireland etinyela akụkụ abụọ nke ajụjụ nke ụlọ akwụkwọ Rome..&lt;ref name=&quot;ellis&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Ellis|first=John Tracy|title=The Life of James Cardinal Gibbons, Archbishop of Baltimore (1834-1921)|url=https://archive.org/details/lifeofjamescardi0001unse_s3h0|date=1952|location=Milwaukee|publisher=The Bruce Publishing Company|isbn=0870611445}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFEllis1952&quot;&gt;Ellis, John Tracy (1952). ''The Life of James Cardinal Gibbons, Archbishop of Baltimore (1834-1921)''. Milwaukee: The Bruce Publishing Company. [[ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0870611445|&lt;bdi&gt;0870611445&lt;/bdi&gt;]].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Katzer bụkwa onye isi na-emegide òtù nzuzo ndị na-abụghị ndị Katọlik na òtù ụmụnna maka ụmụ nwoke. Ọ kpọrọ oku ka Vatican katọọ ndị Odd Fellows, Knights of Pythias, na Sons of Temperance. Holy Office wepụtara nkatọ nke òtù ndị a na 1894, mana o nyere ndị bishọp ikike n'ịkpọsa ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;ellis&quot;/&gt;

== Ndụ na ọnwụ ==
[[Faịlụ:Frederick_Katzer.jpg|thumb|173x173px|Ebe ili Katzer dị na Saint Francis De Sales Seminary (2005) ]]
Ná mmalite nke Katzer na 1891, achịbishọp ahụ nwere ndị ụkọchukwu 227, ụlọ ụka 268, na ụlọ akwụkwọ 125 iji jeere ndị Katọlik 180,000 ozi.&lt;ref name=&quot;directory1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|date=1891|title=Sadliers' Catholic Directory, Almanac and Ordo|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uenQAAAAMAAJ|location=New York|publisher=D. J. Sadlier &amp; Company}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ka ọ na-erule afọ ikpeazụ ya dị ka achịbishọp na 1903, achịbishọn ahụ nwere ndị ụkọchukwu 329, chọọchị 321, ụlọ akwụkwọ parish 148, na ndị Katọlik 280,861. &lt;ref name=&quot;directory2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|date=1903|title=The Official Catholic Directory|url=https://archive.org/details/officialcatholic1903unse|location=New York|publisher=M. H. Wiltzius &amp; Company}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Frederick Katzer nwụrụ site na ọrịa kansa imeju na Fond du Lac, Wisconsin, na July 20, 1903.  E liri ya na obere ili ozu na ala nke Saint Francis de Sales.

== Ihe odide ==
{{Reflist}}

== Ebe e si nweta ya ==

* {{Cite book|author=Blied|first=Benjamin J.|date=1955|title=Three Archbishops of Milwaukee: Michael Heiss (1818-1890), Frederick Katzer (1844-1903), Sebastian Messmer (1847-1930)|url=https://archive.org/details/threearchbishops0000blie|pages=46–81}}
{{Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milwaukee}}{{Roman Catholic Diocese of Green Bay}}
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'''Frederick Xavier Katzer''' (February 7, 1844 - Julaị 20, 1903) bụ onye ụkọchukwu Katọlik si mba [[Amerika]]. Onye amụrụ na mba [[Austria]], o jere ozi dịka Archbishọp nke Milwaukee site n'afọ 1891 ruo 1903. Ọ rụkwarụ ọrụ dịka Bishọp nke Green Bay (1886-1891).

== Ndụ na mmalite ==
A mụrụ Katzer na February 7, 1844, na Ebensee, Upper Austria na nke Ukwu Austria (nke bụ akụkụ Austria) nye Carl na Barbara Katzer. Ezinụlọ ahụ mechara kwaga Gmunden na Upper Austria. Katzer nwetara agụmakwụkwọ ya ebe ahụ, wee hapụ mba ahụ ka ọ na-arụ ọrụ n'ụlọ ọrụ akwa.  N'afọ 1857, ọ banyere na seminarị nke ndị {{ill|Society of Jesus|en}} na [[Freinberg]] na Upper Austria iji mụọ ụwa ochie.&lt;ref name=&quot;progress&quot;/&gt;

Mgbe Katzer na-agụ akwụkwọ na seminari ndị Jesuit, o zutere Reverend Francis Pierz, onye ozi ọzọ na-arụ ọrụ na American India na State of Minnesota na Amerika. Pierz kpọrọ Kalzer ka ọ gụchaa na seminarị na Minnesota ma gaa rụọ ọrụ dị ka onye ozi ebe ahụ. Site n'enyemaka nke onyinye sitere na {{ill|Leopoldine Society|en}}, Kalzer nwere ike ịkwụ ụgwọ maka njem ogara aga na Amerika.

Kalzer hapụrụ obodo [[New York]] n'onwa Mee n'afọ 1864 wee gaa [[Minnesota]]. N'agbanyeghị na mgbe ọ rutere ebe ahụ, [[Diocese nke Saint Paul (Minnesota)|Diocese nke Saint Paul]] gwara ya na ọ nweghị ike ịkwado ya na agụmakwụkwọ ya; ọnụ ihe ahụ ka otu lere banye agụmakwụkwọ ndị Jesuit Di ebe ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;archdiocese&quot;/&gt; Ọ gwakwara Reverend Joseph Salzmann okwu, onye guzobere Saint Francis de Sales Seminary ọhụrụ na {{ill|Milwaukee|en}}. Maka {{ill|Diocese nke Milwaukee|en}} chọrọ ndị ụkọchukwu ndị ọzọ na-asụ German, Salzmann mere ka Katzer kweta imecha ọmụmụ nkà mmụta okpukpe ya ma bụrụ onye ahọpụtara n'ebe ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;archdiocese&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Most Reverend Frederick Xavier Katzer, D.D.|url=https://www.archmil.org/Bishops/Former-Archbishops/Katzer.htm|website={{ill|Archdiocese of Milwaukee|en}}}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ụkọchukwu ==
[[Faịlụ:St._Francis_Xavier_Cathedral,_Green_Bay,_Wisconsin_(cropped).jpg|thumb|St. Francis Xavier Cathedral, Green Bay, Wisconsin (2013) ]]
Mgbe ọ gwụchara na Saint Francis de Sales, Katzer echiri echichi onye ụkọchukwu maka Archdiocese nke Milwaukee na Disemba 21, 1866, site n'aka Bishọp John Henni..&lt;ref name=&quot;hierarchy&quot;/&gt;

Mgbe a họpụtara ya na 1866, Saltzmann họpụtara Katzer ka ọ bụrụ onye a họpụtara na ngalaba nke Saint Francis de Sales, ebe ọ kụziri mgbakọ na mwepụ, nkà ihe ọmụma, na nkà mmụta okpukpe.&lt;ref name=&quot;progress&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|date=1897|title=Men of Progress: Wisconsin|url=https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/service/gdc/lhbum/19127/19127.pdf|location=Milwaukee|publisher=The Evening Wisconsin Company|archive-date=2025-12-20|access-date=2025-03-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251220000916/https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/service/gdc/lhbum/19127/19127.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;. Milwaukee: The Evening Wisconsin Company. 1897.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 1867, Katzer kpọtara ndị mụrụ ya na United States. ha bu ụzọ soro ya biri na seminarị, ma mesịa soro ya gaa Green Bay na Milwaukee ruo mgbe nna ya nwụrụ na 1876 na ọnwụ nne ya na 1895. 

Na Julaị 1875, e tinyere Katzer, ma ọ bụ bufee ya na Diocese ọhụrụ nke Green Bay.  Bishọp Francis Krautbauer họpụtara Kalzer ka ọ bụrụ odeakwụkwọ ya.[1]  Na 1881, a kpọrọ ya ka ọ bụrụ onye mbụ na Katidral Saint Francis Xavier ọhụrụ na Green Bay.  [2] N'otu afọ ahụ, Krautbauer họpụtara Katzer ka ọ bụrụ onye isi nke dayọsis ahụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;progress&quot; /&gt;

== Bishọp nke Green Bay ==
Mgbe Krautbauer nwụsịrị, Pope Leo XIII họpụtara Katzer ka ọ bụrụ bishọp nke atọ nke Green Bay na Julaị 13, 1886. [1] Ọ natara nsọpụrụ nke ịbụ bishọp na Septemba 21, 1886, site n'aka Archbishọp Michael Heiss, na ndị bishọp John Vertin na John Ireland bụ ndị jere ozi dịka ndị bishọp..&lt;ref name=&quot;hierarchy&quot; /&gt;

Na 1889, ndị na-akwado Nativist na Wisconsin Legislature gafere Bennett Iwu, nke chọrọ ka ụlọ akwụkwọ niile dị na Wisconsin kuzie nkuzi naanị na Bekee.  N'oge a, ụlọ akwụkwọ Katọlik dị na steeti ahụ na-akụzi na German, Polish na asụsụ ndị ọzọ kwabatara.  Katzer katọrọ iwu ahụ dị ka &quot;nzọụkwụ nke àmà na-egosi na-agbalị ịkwalite mwakpo ya na Ụka ​​ma mezuo mmegbu ya site na steeti.&quot;[1] Na nhoputa ndi ochichi nke 1890, Kalzer kwadoro onye ochichi onye ochichi Democratic George Wilbur Peck, onye mgbe a họpụtara ya wepụrụ iwu Bennett na 1891..&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;blied&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Benjamin Joseph Blied|title=Three Archbishops of Milwaukee|url=https://archive.org/details/threearchbishops0000blie|year=1955}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ime afọ ise Katzer dị ka bishọp, ọnụ ọgụgụ ụlọ akwụkwọ Katọlik dị na diocese ahụ mụbara site na 44 na ụmụ akwụkwọ 5,292 na 1886 ruo 70 na ụmụ akwụkwọ 10,785 na 1891.

== Achịbishọp nke Milwaukee ==
[[Faịlụ:James_Gibbons.jpg|thumb|247x247px|Kadinal James Gibbons (1900) ]]
[[Faịlụ:Cahensly_Peter_Paul.jpg|thumb|249x249px|Peter Cahensly (1900) ]]
[[Faịlụ:John_Ireland_(archbishop_of_Saint_Paul).jpg|thumb|249x249px|Achịbishọp John Ireland]]
Mgbe Heiss nwụsịrị na Machị 1890, ndị bishọp nke Wisconsin tụrụ aro ka mmadụ atọ na-asụ German dochie ya na Leo XIII. Ndị kachasị elu ha bụ Kalzer. Otú ọ dị, nhọpụta ya kpaliri mmeghachi omume n'etiti ndị bishọp ndị ọzọ na United States.&lt;ref name=&quot;ellis&quot;/&gt;

N'oge a, e kewara ndị isi Katọlik nke America n'ogige abụọ.

* Ogige ndị ụkọchukwu America chọrọ ka Vatican họpụta onye ụkọchụ na-asụ Bekee nke ga-enyere aka ịbata ndị mbịarambịa Wisconsin n'ime ọha mmadụ America.
* Ogige ndị Conservative, n'okwu a, ndị bishọp nọ na Wisconsin, chọrọ ka onye ụkọchukwu German chekwaa asụsụ na omenala nke ndị Germany.

Ebe Katzer si Austria, ndị America na-emegide ntuli aka ya.[1]  Archbishọp John Ireland nke St.  Dịka Paul si kwuo, akwụkwọ Kadịnal James Gibbons, okwu Katzer bụ &quot;nwoke zuru oke na onye na-eru eru be Achịbiskọp&quot;&quot;.

N'oge nzukọ nke ndị bishọp na July 1890, ogige ndị America nwere ihe ịga nke ọma n'ịmepụta ndepụta nke ndị na-abụghị ndị Germany maka ịbụ achịbishọp nke Milwaukee &lt;ref name=&quot;ellis&quot;/&gt; Ndị Conservative na ndị America zigara ndị ha họpụtara na Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith na Rom. Na Jenụwarị 30, 1891, na mmeri ndị Conservative, Leo XIII họpụtara Katzer dị ka achịbishọp nke atọ nke Milwaukee. &lt;ref name=&quot;hierarchy&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|work=Catholic-Hierarchy.org|title=Archbishop Frederick Francis Xavier Katzer|url=https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bkatzer.html}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bkatzer.html &quot;Archbishop Frederick Francis Xavier Katzer&quot;]. ''Catholic-Hierarchy.org''.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Mgbe a họpụtara ya dị ka archbishọp, Katzer pụtara dị ka onye ndu nke ogige nchekwa nchekwa, nke gụnyere Archbishọp Michael Corrigan nke New York na Bishọp Bernard McQuaid nke Rochester.[1][2]  Na 1899, ndị Conservatives nwetara mmeri ọzọ maka Testem benevolentiae nostrae, iwu Leo XIII.  Katzer gwara ndị mmadụ, &quot;Ndị a na-akpọ Americanism nwere obi ụtọ na ha nwere obi ụtọ na mkpebi nke See na-Ọ dịghị ụzọ anyị nwere ike isi mee ya.&quot;  [1] N'afọ sochirinụ, o zigara Vatican akwụkwọ ozi na-emegide nhọpụta nke Bishọp John J. Keane dị ka Archbishọp nke Dubuque..

Peter Cahensly, onye ahịa Germany bara ọgaranya, zigara Leo XIII akụkọ na-awụ akpata oyi n'ahụ n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 1891. Cahensly kwuru na ndị Katọlik kwagara na United States na-ahapụ okwukwe n'ihi enweghị ndị ụkọchukwu na ụka nke mba ha.&lt;ref name=&quot;ellis&quot;/&gt; Otú ọ dị, ọtụtụ ndị na-ekiri ihe na-emenụ na-arụ ụka banyere izi ezi nke akụkọ Cahensly, otu onye nchịkọta akụkọ akwụkwọ akụkọ boro Katzer ebubo ịbụ &quot;onye na-echebe Cahensly&quot; na &quot;na-agba izu na ike mba ọzọ&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;wanderer&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2012|title=YEARS OF STORM &amp; STRESS: Joseph Matt &amp; Americanism|url=https://www.catholicculture.org/culture/library/handouts/A-Centenary-of-Catholic-Life.pdf|work=The Wanderer}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Katzer mere ebubo ahụ megide Kadịnal Gibbons, onye ndu ndị America.  N'akwụkwọ ahụ, Katzer kwuru, sị, &quot;Echeghị m na m nwere echiche dị iche ... gịnị ka m kwenyere n'ụzọ m ga-esi nọrọ na ha?&quot;  [1] N'August 1891, Katzer gwara Gibbons na ya ewerela pallium..

Katzer bụ onye otu Archbishọp nke Ireland Faribault-Stillwater Plan.  Ọ bụ nnwale mmụta malitere na 1873 na usoro ụlọ akwụkwọ ọha nke Poughkeepsie, New York.  Dị ka atụmatụ a si dị, Archdiocese nke New York ewepụtala ọtụtụ parish na usoro ụlọ akwụkwọ ọha iji nye ụmụ akwụkwọ nkuzi okpukpe na-abụghị ụlọ akwụkwọ.[1].  Corrigan's Katzer na mmegharị mgbochi Vatican.  Na mgbakwunye na akwụkwọ ozi nke Archbishọp Michael Corrigan nke New York megide atụmatụ ahụ, a na-ewere na Ireland etinyela akụkụ abụọ nke ajụjụ nke ụlọ akwụkwọ Rome..&lt;ref name=&quot;ellis&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Ellis|first=John Tracy|title=The Life of James Cardinal Gibbons, Archbishop of Baltimore (1834-1921)|url=https://archive.org/details/lifeofjamescardi0001unse_s3h0|date=1952|location=Milwaukee|publisher=The Bruce Publishing Company|isbn=0870611445}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFEllis1952&quot;&gt;Ellis, John Tracy (1952). ''The Life of James Cardinal Gibbons, Archbishop of Baltimore (1834-1921)''. Milwaukee: The Bruce Publishing Company. [[ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0870611445|&lt;bdi&gt;0870611445&lt;/bdi&gt;]].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Katzer bụkwa onye isi na-emegide òtù nzuzo ndị na-abụghị ndị Katọlik na òtù ụmụnna maka ụmụ nwoke. Ọ kpọrọ oku ka Vatican katọọ ndị Odd Fellows, Knights of Pythias, na Sons of Temperance. Holy Office wepụtara nkatọ nke òtù ndị a na 1894, mana o nyere ndị bishọp ikike n'ịkpọsa ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;ellis&quot;/&gt;

== Ndụ na ọnwụ ==
[[Faịlụ:Frederick_Katzer.jpg|thumb|173x173px|Ebe ili Katzer dị na Saint Francis De Sales Seminary (2005) ]]
Ná mmalite nke Katzer na 1891, achịbishọp ahụ nwere ndị ụkọchukwu 227, ụlọ ụka 268, na ụlọ akwụkwọ 125 iji jeere ndị Katọlik 180,000 ozi.&lt;ref name=&quot;directory1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|date=1891|title=Sadliers' Catholic Directory, Almanac and Ordo|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uenQAAAAMAAJ|location=New York|publisher=D. J. Sadlier &amp; Company}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ka ọ na-erule afọ ikpeazụ ya dị ka achịbishọp na 1903, achịbishọn ahụ nwere ndị ụkọchukwu 329, chọọchị 321, ụlọ akwụkwọ parish 148, na ndị Katọlik 280,861. &lt;ref name=&quot;directory2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|date=1903|title=The Official Catholic Directory|url=https://archive.org/details/officialcatholic1903unse|location=New York|publisher=M. H. Wiltzius &amp; Company}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Frederick Katzer nwụrụ site na ọrịa kansa imeju na Fond du Lac, Wisconsin, na July 20, 1903.  E liri ya na obere ili ozu na ala nke Saint Francis de Sales.

== Ihe odide ==
{{Reflist}}

== Ebe e si nweta ya ==

* {{Cite book|author=Blied|first=Benjamin J.|date=1955|title=Three Archbishops of Milwaukee: Michael Heiss (1818-1890), Frederick Katzer (1844-1903), Sebastian Messmer (1847-1930)|url=https://archive.org/details/threearchbishops0000blie|pages=46–81}}
{{Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milwaukee}}{{Roman Catholic Diocese of Green Bay}}
[[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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'''Frederick Xavier Katzer''' (February 7, 1844 - Julaị 20, 1903) bụ onye ụkọchukwu Katọlik si mba [[Amerika]]. Onye amụrụ na mba [[Austria]], o jere ozi dịka Archbishọp nke Milwaukee site n'afọ 1891 ruo 1903. Ọ rụkwarụ ọrụ dịka Bishọp nke Green Bay (1886-1891).

== Ndụ na mmalite ==
A mụrụ Katzer na February 7, 1844, na {{ill|Ebensee|en}}, {{ill|Upper Austria|en}} n'ezinaulo Carl na Barbara Katzer. Ha mechara kwaga na {{ill|Gmunden|en}}. Katzer nwetara agụmakwụkwọ ya ebe ahụ, wee hapụ mba ahụ ka ọ na-arụ ọrụ n'ụlọọrụ akwa.  N'afọ 1857, ọ banyere n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ọchịchị ukochukwu nke ndị {{ill|Society of Jesus|en}} na [[Freinberg]] mana ọbụ imuta etu esi akwa akwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;progress&quot;/&gt;

Mgbe Katzer na-agụ akwụkwọ n'ebe ahụ, o zutere Reverend {{ill|Francis Pierz|en}}, onye ozi ọzọ na-arụ ọrụ na American India na [[Minnesota]]. Pierz kpọrọ Kalzer ka ọ gụchaa na seminarị na Minnesota ma gaa rụọ ọrụ dị ka onye ozi ebe ahụ. Site n'enyemaka nke onyinye sitere na {{ill|Leopoldine Society|en}}, Katzer nwere ike ịkwụ ụgwọ maka njem ọ gara aga na Amerika.

Kalzer hapụrụ obodo [[New York]] n'onwa Mee n'afọ 1864 wee gaa Minnesota. N'agbanyeghị na mgbe ọ rutere ebe ahụ, {{ill|Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis|en}} gwara ya na ọ nweghị ike ịkwado ya na agụmakwụkwọ ya; ọbụ oge ahụ ka otulere uche, wee banye agụmakwụkwọ ndị Jesuit nke di n'ebe ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;archdiocese&quot;/&gt; Ọ zutekwara Reverend {{ill|Joseph Salzmann|en}}, onye guzobere {{ill|Saint Francis de Sales Seminary|en}} na Milwaukee. Maka {{ill|Diocese nke Milwaukee|en}} chọrọ ndị ụkọchukwu ndị ọzọ na-asụ German, Salzmann mere ka Katzer kweta imecha ọmụmụ nkà mmụta okpukpe ya ma bụrụ onye ahọpụtara n'ebe ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;archdiocese&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Most Reverend Frederick Xavier Katzer, D.D.|url=https://www.archmil.org/Bishops/Former-Archbishops/Katzer.htm|website={{ill|Archdiocese of Milwaukee|en}}}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ụkọchukwu ==
[[Faịlụ:St._Francis_Xavier_Cathedral,_Green_Bay,_Wisconsin_(cropped).jpg|thumb|St. Francis Xavier Cathedral, Green Bay, Wisconsin (2013) ]]
Mgbe ọ gwụchara na Saint Francis de Sales, Katzer echiri echichi onye ụkọchukwu maka Archdiocese nke Milwaukee na Disemba 21, 1866, site n'aka Bishọp John Henni..&lt;ref name=&quot;hierarchy&quot;/&gt;

Mgbe a họpụtara ya na 1866, Saltzmann họpụtara Katzer ka ọ bụrụ onye a họpụtara na ngalaba nke Saint Francis de Sales, ebe ọ kụziri mgbakọ na mwepụ, nkà ihe ọmụma, na nkà mmụta okpukpe.&lt;ref name=&quot;progress&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|date=1897|title=Men of Progress: Wisconsin|url=https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/service/gdc/lhbum/19127/19127.pdf|location=Milwaukee|publisher=The Evening Wisconsin Company|archive-date=2025-12-20|access-date=2025-03-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251220000916/https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/service/gdc/lhbum/19127/19127.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;. Milwaukee: The Evening Wisconsin Company. 1897.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 1867, Katzer kpọtara ndị mụrụ ya na United States. ha bu ụzọ soro ya biri na seminarị, ma mesịa soro ya gaa Green Bay na Milwaukee ruo mgbe nna ya nwụrụ na 1876 na ọnwụ nne ya na 1895. 

Na Julaị 1875, e tinyere Katzer, ma ọ bụ bufee ya na Diocese ọhụrụ nke Green Bay.  Bishọp Francis Krautbauer họpụtara Kalzer ka ọ bụrụ odeakwụkwọ ya.[1]  Na 1881, a kpọrọ ya ka ọ bụrụ onye mbụ na Katidral Saint Francis Xavier ọhụrụ na Green Bay.  [2] N'otu afọ ahụ, Krautbauer họpụtara Katzer ka ọ bụrụ onye isi nke dayọsis ahụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;progress&quot; /&gt;

== Bishọp nke Green Bay ==
Mgbe Krautbauer nwụsịrị, Pope Leo XIII họpụtara Katzer ka ọ bụrụ bishọp nke atọ nke Green Bay na Julaị 13, 1886. [1] Ọ natara nsọpụrụ nke ịbụ bishọp na Septemba 21, 1886, site n'aka Archbishọp Michael Heiss, na ndị bishọp John Vertin na John Ireland bụ ndị jere ozi dịka ndị bishọp..&lt;ref name=&quot;hierarchy&quot; /&gt;

Na 1889, ndị na-akwado Nativist na Wisconsin Legislature gafere Bennett Iwu, nke chọrọ ka ụlọ akwụkwọ niile dị na Wisconsin kuzie nkuzi naanị na Bekee.  N'oge a, ụlọ akwụkwọ Katọlik dị na steeti ahụ na-akụzi na German, Polish na asụsụ ndị ọzọ kwabatara.  Katzer katọrọ iwu ahụ dị ka &quot;nzọụkwụ nke àmà na-egosi na-agbalị ịkwalite mwakpo ya na Ụka ​​ma mezuo mmegbu ya site na steeti.&quot;[1] Na nhoputa ndi ochichi nke 1890, Kalzer kwadoro onye ochichi onye ochichi Democratic George Wilbur Peck, onye mgbe a họpụtara ya wepụrụ iwu Bennett na 1891..&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;blied&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Benjamin Joseph Blied|title=Three Archbishops of Milwaukee|url=https://archive.org/details/threearchbishops0000blie|year=1955}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ime afọ ise Katzer dị ka bishọp, ọnụ ọgụgụ ụlọ akwụkwọ Katọlik dị na diocese ahụ mụbara site na 44 na ụmụ akwụkwọ 5,292 na 1886 ruo 70 na ụmụ akwụkwọ 10,785 na 1891.

== Achịbishọp nke Milwaukee ==
[[Faịlụ:James_Gibbons.jpg|thumb|247x247px|Kadinal James Gibbons (1900) ]]
[[Faịlụ:Cahensly_Peter_Paul.jpg|thumb|249x249px|Peter Cahensly (1900) ]]
[[Faịlụ:John_Ireland_(archbishop_of_Saint_Paul).jpg|thumb|249x249px|Achịbishọp John Ireland]]
Mgbe Heiss nwụsịrị na Machị 1890, ndị bishọp nke Wisconsin tụrụ aro ka mmadụ atọ na-asụ German dochie ya na Leo XIII. Ndị kachasị elu ha bụ Kalzer. Otú ọ dị, nhọpụta ya kpaliri mmeghachi omume n'etiti ndị bishọp ndị ọzọ na United States.&lt;ref name=&quot;ellis&quot;/&gt;

N'oge a, e kewara ndị isi Katọlik nke America n'ogige abụọ.

* Ogige ndị ụkọchukwu America chọrọ ka Vatican họpụta onye ụkọchụ na-asụ Bekee nke ga-enyere aka ịbata ndị mbịarambịa Wisconsin n'ime ọha mmadụ America.
* Ogige ndị Conservative, n'okwu a, ndị bishọp nọ na Wisconsin, chọrọ ka onye ụkọchukwu German chekwaa asụsụ na omenala nke ndị Germany.

Ebe Katzer si Austria, ndị America na-emegide ntuli aka ya.[1]  Archbishọp John Ireland nke St.  Dịka Paul si kwuo, akwụkwọ Kadịnal James Gibbons, okwu Katzer bụ &quot;nwoke zuru oke na onye na-eru eru be Achịbiskọp&quot;&quot;.

N'oge nzukọ nke ndị bishọp na July 1890, ogige ndị America nwere ihe ịga nke ọma n'ịmepụta ndepụta nke ndị na-abụghị ndị Germany maka ịbụ achịbishọp nke Milwaukee &lt;ref name=&quot;ellis&quot;/&gt; Ndị Conservative na ndị America zigara ndị ha họpụtara na Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith na Rom. Na Jenụwarị 30, 1891, na mmeri ndị Conservative, Leo XIII họpụtara Katzer dị ka achịbishọp nke atọ nke Milwaukee. &lt;ref name=&quot;hierarchy&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|work=Catholic-Hierarchy.org|title=Archbishop Frederick Francis Xavier Katzer|url=https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bkatzer.html}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bkatzer.html &quot;Archbishop Frederick Francis Xavier Katzer&quot;]. ''Catholic-Hierarchy.org''.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Mgbe a họpụtara ya dị ka archbishọp, Katzer pụtara dị ka onye ndu nke ogige nchekwa nchekwa, nke gụnyere Archbishọp Michael Corrigan nke New York na Bishọp Bernard McQuaid nke Rochester.[1][2]  Na 1899, ndị Conservatives nwetara mmeri ọzọ maka Testem benevolentiae nostrae, iwu Leo XIII.  Katzer gwara ndị mmadụ, &quot;Ndị a na-akpọ Americanism nwere obi ụtọ na ha nwere obi ụtọ na mkpebi nke See na-Ọ dịghị ụzọ anyị nwere ike isi mee ya.&quot;  [1] N'afọ sochirinụ, o zigara Vatican akwụkwọ ozi na-emegide nhọpụta nke Bishọp John J. Keane dị ka Archbishọp nke Dubuque..

Peter Cahensly, onye ahịa Germany bara ọgaranya, zigara Leo XIII akụkọ na-awụ akpata oyi n'ahụ n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 1891. Cahensly kwuru na ndị Katọlik kwagara na United States na-ahapụ okwukwe n'ihi enweghị ndị ụkọchukwu na ụka nke mba ha.&lt;ref name=&quot;ellis&quot;/&gt; Otú ọ dị, ọtụtụ ndị na-ekiri ihe na-emenụ na-arụ ụka banyere izi ezi nke akụkọ Cahensly, otu onye nchịkọta akụkọ akwụkwọ akụkọ boro Katzer ebubo ịbụ &quot;onye na-echebe Cahensly&quot; na &quot;na-agba izu na ike mba ọzọ&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;wanderer&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2012|title=YEARS OF STORM &amp; STRESS: Joseph Matt &amp; Americanism|url=https://www.catholicculture.org/culture/library/handouts/A-Centenary-of-Catholic-Life.pdf|work=The Wanderer}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Katzer mere ebubo ahụ megide Kadịnal Gibbons, onye ndu ndị America.  N'akwụkwọ ahụ, Katzer kwuru, sị, &quot;Echeghị m na m nwere echiche dị iche ... gịnị ka m kwenyere n'ụzọ m ga-esi nọrọ na ha?&quot;  [1] N'August 1891, Katzer gwara Gibbons na ya ewerela pallium..

Katzer bụ onye otu Archbishọp nke Ireland Faribault-Stillwater Plan.  Ọ bụ nnwale mmụta malitere na 1873 na usoro ụlọ akwụkwọ ọha nke Poughkeepsie, New York.  Dị ka atụmatụ a si dị, Archdiocese nke New York ewepụtala ọtụtụ parish na usoro ụlọ akwụkwọ ọha iji nye ụmụ akwụkwọ nkuzi okpukpe na-abụghị ụlọ akwụkwọ.[1].  Corrigan's Katzer na mmegharị mgbochi Vatican.  Na mgbakwunye na akwụkwọ ozi nke Archbishọp Michael Corrigan nke New York megide atụmatụ ahụ, a na-ewere na Ireland etinyela akụkụ abụọ nke ajụjụ nke ụlọ akwụkwọ Rome..&lt;ref name=&quot;ellis&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Ellis|first=John Tracy|title=The Life of James Cardinal Gibbons, Archbishop of Baltimore (1834-1921)|url=https://archive.org/details/lifeofjamescardi0001unse_s3h0|date=1952|location=Milwaukee|publisher=The Bruce Publishing Company|isbn=0870611445}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFEllis1952&quot;&gt;Ellis, John Tracy (1952). ''The Life of James Cardinal Gibbons, Archbishop of Baltimore (1834-1921)''. Milwaukee: The Bruce Publishing Company. [[ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0870611445|&lt;bdi&gt;0870611445&lt;/bdi&gt;]].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Katzer bụkwa onye isi na-emegide òtù nzuzo ndị na-abụghị ndị Katọlik na òtù ụmụnna maka ụmụ nwoke. Ọ kpọrọ oku ka Vatican katọọ ndị Odd Fellows, Knights of Pythias, na Sons of Temperance. Holy Office wepụtara nkatọ nke òtù ndị a na 1894, mana o nyere ndị bishọp ikike n'ịkpọsa ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;ellis&quot;/&gt;

== Ndụ na ọnwụ ==
[[Faịlụ:Frederick_Katzer.jpg|thumb|173x173px|Ebe ili Katzer dị na Saint Francis De Sales Seminary (2005) ]]
Ná mmalite nke Katzer na 1891, achịbishọp ahụ nwere ndị ụkọchukwu 227, ụlọ ụka 268, na ụlọ akwụkwọ 125 iji jeere ndị Katọlik 180,000 ozi.&lt;ref name=&quot;directory1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|date=1891|title=Sadliers' Catholic Directory, Almanac and Ordo|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uenQAAAAMAAJ|location=New York|publisher=D. J. Sadlier &amp; Company}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ka ọ na-erule afọ ikpeazụ ya dị ka achịbishọp na 1903, achịbishọn ahụ nwere ndị ụkọchukwu 329, chọọchị 321, ụlọ akwụkwọ parish 148, na ndị Katọlik 280,861. &lt;ref name=&quot;directory2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|date=1903|title=The Official Catholic Directory|url=https://archive.org/details/officialcatholic1903unse|location=New York|publisher=M. H. Wiltzius &amp; Company}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Frederick Katzer nwụrụ site na ọrịa kansa imeju na Fond du Lac, Wisconsin, na July 20, 1903.  E liri ya na obere ili ozu na ala nke Saint Francis de Sales.

== Ihe odide ==
{{Reflist}}

== Ebe e si nweta ya ==

* {{Cite book|author=Blied|first=Benjamin J.|date=1955|title=Three Archbishops of Milwaukee: Michael Heiss (1818-1890), Frederick Katzer (1844-1903), Sebastian Messmer (1847-1930)|url=https://archive.org/details/threearchbishops0000blie|pages=46–81}}
{{Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milwaukee}}{{Roman Catholic Diocese of Green Bay}}
[[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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'''Frederick Xavier Katzer''' (February 7, 1844 - Julaị 20, 1903) bụ onye ụkọchukwu Katọlik si mba [[Amerika]]. Amụrụ ya na mba [[Austria]], ebe ọ jere ozi dịka Archbishop nke {{ill|Archdiocese of Milwaukee|en}} site n'afọ 1891 ruo 1903. Ọ rụkwarụ ọrụ izizi dịka Bishọp nke {{ill|Diocese of Green Bay|en}} (1886-1891).

== Ndụ na mmalite ==
A mụrụ Katzer na February 7, 1844, na {{ill|Ebensee|en}}, {{ill|Upper Austria|en}} n'ezinaulo Carl na Barbara Katzer. Ha mechara kwaga na {{ill|Gmunden|en}}. Katzer nwetara agụmakwụkwọ ya ebe ahụ, wee hapụ mba ahụ ka ọ na-arụ ọrụ n'ụlọọrụ akwa.  N'afọ 1857, ọ banyere n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ọchịchị ukochukwu nke ndị {{ill|Society of Jesus|en}} na [[Freinberg]] mana ọbụ imuta etu esi akwa akwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;progress&quot;/&gt;

Mgbe Katzer na-agụ akwụkwọ n'ebe ahụ, o zutere Reverend {{ill|Francis Pierz|en}}, onye ozi ọzọ na-arụ ọrụ na American India na [[Minnesota]]. Pierz kpọrọ Kalzer ka ọ gụchaa na seminarị na Minnesota ma gaa rụọ ọrụ dị ka onye ozi ebe ahụ. Site n'enyemaka nke onyinye sitere na {{ill|Leopoldine Society|en}}, Katzer nwere ike ịkwụ ụgwọ maka njem ọ gara aga na Amerika.

Kalzer hapụrụ obodo [[New York]] n'onwa Mee n'afọ 1864 wee gaa Minnesota. N'agbanyeghị na mgbe ọ rutere ebe ahụ, {{ill|Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis|en}} gwara ya na ọ nweghị ike ịkwado ya na agụmakwụkwọ ya; ọbụ oge ahụ ka otulere uche, wee banye agụmakwụkwọ ndị Jesuit nke di n'ebe ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;archdiocese&quot;/&gt; Ọ zutekwara Reverend {{ill|Joseph Salzmann|en}}, onye guzobere {{ill|Saint Francis de Sales Seminary|en}} na Milwaukee. Maka {{ill|Diocese nke Milwaukee|en}} chọrọ ndị ụkọchukwu ndị ọzọ na-asụ German, Salzmann mere ka Katzer kweta imecha ọmụmụ nkà mmụta okpukpe ya ma bụrụ onye ahọpụtara n'ebe ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;archdiocese&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Most Reverend Frederick Xavier Katzer, D.D.|url=https://www.archmil.org/Bishops/Former-Archbishops/Katzer.htm|website={{ill|Archdiocese of Milwaukee|en}}}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ụkọchukwu ==
[[Faịlụ:St._Francis_Xavier_Cathedral,_Green_Bay,_Wisconsin_(cropped).jpg|thumb|St. Francis Xavier Cathedral, Green Bay, Wisconsin (2013) ]]
Mgbe ọ gwụchara na Saint Francis de Sales, Katzer echiri echichi onye ụkọchukwu maka Archdiocese nke Milwaukee na Disemba 21, 1866, site n'aka Bishọp John Henni..&lt;ref name=&quot;hierarchy&quot;/&gt;

Mgbe a họpụtara ya na 1866, Saltzmann họpụtara Katzer ka ọ bụrụ onye a họpụtara na ngalaba nke Saint Francis de Sales, ebe ọ kụziri mgbakọ na mwepụ, nkà ihe ọmụma, na nkà mmụta okpukpe.&lt;ref name=&quot;progress&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|date=1897|title=Men of Progress: Wisconsin|url=https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/service/gdc/lhbum/19127/19127.pdf|location=Milwaukee|publisher=The Evening Wisconsin Company|archive-date=2025-12-20|access-date=2025-03-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251220000916/https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/service/gdc/lhbum/19127/19127.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;. Milwaukee: The Evening Wisconsin Company. 1897.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 1867, Katzer kpọtara ndị mụrụ ya na United States. ha bu ụzọ soro ya biri na seminarị, ma mesịa soro ya gaa Green Bay na Milwaukee ruo mgbe nna ya nwụrụ na 1876 na ọnwụ nne ya na 1895. 

Na Julaị 1875, e tinyere Katzer, ma ọ bụ bufee ya na Diocese ọhụrụ nke Green Bay.  Bishọp Francis Krautbauer họpụtara Kalzer ka ọ bụrụ odeakwụkwọ ya.[1]  Na 1881, a kpọrọ ya ka ọ bụrụ onye mbụ na Katidral Saint Francis Xavier ọhụrụ na Green Bay.  [2] N'otu afọ ahụ, Krautbauer họpụtara Katzer ka ọ bụrụ onye isi nke dayọsis ahụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;progress&quot; /&gt;

== Bishọp nke Green Bay ==
Mgbe Krautbauer nwụsịrị, Pope Leo XIII họpụtara Katzer ka ọ bụrụ bishọp nke atọ nke Green Bay na Julaị 13, 1886. [1] Ọ natara nsọpụrụ nke ịbụ bishọp na Septemba 21, 1886, site n'aka Archbishọp Michael Heiss, na ndị bishọp John Vertin na John Ireland bụ ndị jere ozi dịka ndị bishọp..&lt;ref name=&quot;hierarchy&quot; /&gt;

Na 1889, ndị na-akwado Nativist na Wisconsin Legislature gafere Bennett Iwu, nke chọrọ ka ụlọ akwụkwọ niile dị na Wisconsin kuzie nkuzi naanị na Bekee.  N'oge a, ụlọ akwụkwọ Katọlik dị na steeti ahụ na-akụzi na German, Polish na asụsụ ndị ọzọ kwabatara.  Katzer katọrọ iwu ahụ dị ka &quot;nzọụkwụ nke àmà na-egosi na-agbalị ịkwalite mwakpo ya na Ụka ​​ma mezuo mmegbu ya site na steeti.&quot;[1] Na nhoputa ndi ochichi nke 1890, Kalzer kwadoro onye ochichi onye ochichi Democratic George Wilbur Peck, onye mgbe a họpụtara ya wepụrụ iwu Bennett na 1891..&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;blied&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Benjamin Joseph Blied|title=Three Archbishops of Milwaukee|url=https://archive.org/details/threearchbishops0000blie|year=1955}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ime afọ ise Katzer dị ka bishọp, ọnụ ọgụgụ ụlọ akwụkwọ Katọlik dị na diocese ahụ mụbara site na 44 na ụmụ akwụkwọ 5,292 na 1886 ruo 70 na ụmụ akwụkwọ 10,785 na 1891.

== Achịbishọp nke Milwaukee ==
[[Faịlụ:James_Gibbons.jpg|thumb|247x247px|Kadinal James Gibbons (1900) ]]
[[Faịlụ:Cahensly_Peter_Paul.jpg|thumb|249x249px|Peter Cahensly (1900) ]]
[[Faịlụ:John_Ireland_(archbishop_of_Saint_Paul).jpg|thumb|249x249px|Achịbishọp John Ireland]]
Mgbe Heiss nwụsịrị na Machị 1890, ndị bishọp nke Wisconsin tụrụ aro ka mmadụ atọ na-asụ German dochie ya na Leo XIII. Ndị kachasị elu ha bụ Kalzer. Otú ọ dị, nhọpụta ya kpaliri mmeghachi omume n'etiti ndị bishọp ndị ọzọ na United States.&lt;ref name=&quot;ellis&quot;/&gt;

N'oge a, e kewara ndị isi Katọlik nke America n'ogige abụọ.

* Ogige ndị ụkọchukwu America chọrọ ka Vatican họpụta onye ụkọchụ na-asụ Bekee nke ga-enyere aka ịbata ndị mbịarambịa Wisconsin n'ime ọha mmadụ America.
* Ogige ndị Conservative, n'okwu a, ndị bishọp nọ na Wisconsin, chọrọ ka onye ụkọchukwu German chekwaa asụsụ na omenala nke ndị Germany.

Ebe Katzer si Austria, ndị America na-emegide ntuli aka ya.[1]  Archbishọp John Ireland nke St.  Dịka Paul si kwuo, akwụkwọ Kadịnal James Gibbons, okwu Katzer bụ &quot;nwoke zuru oke na onye na-eru eru be Achịbiskọp&quot;&quot;.

N'oge nzukọ nke ndị bishọp na July 1890, ogige ndị America nwere ihe ịga nke ọma n'ịmepụta ndepụta nke ndị na-abụghị ndị Germany maka ịbụ achịbishọp nke Milwaukee &lt;ref name=&quot;ellis&quot;/&gt; Ndị Conservative na ndị America zigara ndị ha họpụtara na Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith na Rom. Na Jenụwarị 30, 1891, na mmeri ndị Conservative, Leo XIII họpụtara Katzer dị ka achịbishọp nke atọ nke Milwaukee. &lt;ref name=&quot;hierarchy&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|work=Catholic-Hierarchy.org|title=Archbishop Frederick Francis Xavier Katzer|url=https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bkatzer.html}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bkatzer.html &quot;Archbishop Frederick Francis Xavier Katzer&quot;]. ''Catholic-Hierarchy.org''.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Mgbe a họpụtara ya dị ka archbishọp, Katzer pụtara dị ka onye ndu nke ogige nchekwa nchekwa, nke gụnyere Archbishọp Michael Corrigan nke New York na Bishọp Bernard McQuaid nke Rochester.[1][2]  Na 1899, ndị Conservatives nwetara mmeri ọzọ maka Testem benevolentiae nostrae, iwu Leo XIII.  Katzer gwara ndị mmadụ, &quot;Ndị a na-akpọ Americanism nwere obi ụtọ na ha nwere obi ụtọ na mkpebi nke See na-Ọ dịghị ụzọ anyị nwere ike isi mee ya.&quot;  [1] N'afọ sochirinụ, o zigara Vatican akwụkwọ ozi na-emegide nhọpụta nke Bishọp John J. Keane dị ka Archbishọp nke Dubuque..

Peter Cahensly, onye ahịa Germany bara ọgaranya, zigara Leo XIII akụkọ na-awụ akpata oyi n'ahụ n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 1891. Cahensly kwuru na ndị Katọlik kwagara na United States na-ahapụ okwukwe n'ihi enweghị ndị ụkọchukwu na ụka nke mba ha.&lt;ref name=&quot;ellis&quot;/&gt; Otú ọ dị, ọtụtụ ndị na-ekiri ihe na-emenụ na-arụ ụka banyere izi ezi nke akụkọ Cahensly, otu onye nchịkọta akụkọ akwụkwọ akụkọ boro Katzer ebubo ịbụ &quot;onye na-echebe Cahensly&quot; na &quot;na-agba izu na ike mba ọzọ&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;wanderer&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2012|title=YEARS OF STORM &amp; STRESS: Joseph Matt &amp; Americanism|url=https://www.catholicculture.org/culture/library/handouts/A-Centenary-of-Catholic-Life.pdf|work=The Wanderer}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Katzer mere ebubo ahụ megide Kadịnal Gibbons, onye ndu ndị America.  N'akwụkwọ ahụ, Katzer kwuru, sị, &quot;Echeghị m na m nwere echiche dị iche ... gịnị ka m kwenyere n'ụzọ m ga-esi nọrọ na ha?&quot;  [1] N'August 1891, Katzer gwara Gibbons na ya ewerela pallium..

Katzer bụ onye otu Archbishọp nke Ireland Faribault-Stillwater Plan.  Ọ bụ nnwale mmụta malitere na 1873 na usoro ụlọ akwụkwọ ọha nke Poughkeepsie, New York.  Dị ka atụmatụ a si dị, Archdiocese nke New York ewepụtala ọtụtụ parish na usoro ụlọ akwụkwọ ọha iji nye ụmụ akwụkwọ nkuzi okpukpe na-abụghị ụlọ akwụkwọ.[1].  Corrigan's Katzer na mmegharị mgbochi Vatican.  Na mgbakwunye na akwụkwọ ozi nke Archbishọp Michael Corrigan nke New York megide atụmatụ ahụ, a na-ewere na Ireland etinyela akụkụ abụọ nke ajụjụ nke ụlọ akwụkwọ Rome..&lt;ref name=&quot;ellis&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Ellis|first=John Tracy|title=The Life of James Cardinal Gibbons, Archbishop of Baltimore (1834-1921)|url=https://archive.org/details/lifeofjamescardi0001unse_s3h0|date=1952|location=Milwaukee|publisher=The Bruce Publishing Company|isbn=0870611445}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFEllis1952&quot;&gt;Ellis, John Tracy (1952). ''The Life of James Cardinal Gibbons, Archbishop of Baltimore (1834-1921)''. Milwaukee: The Bruce Publishing Company. [[ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0870611445|&lt;bdi&gt;0870611445&lt;/bdi&gt;]].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Katzer bụkwa onye isi na-emegide òtù nzuzo ndị na-abụghị ndị Katọlik na òtù ụmụnna maka ụmụ nwoke. Ọ kpọrọ oku ka Vatican katọọ ndị Odd Fellows, Knights of Pythias, na Sons of Temperance. Holy Office wepụtara nkatọ nke òtù ndị a na 1894, mana o nyere ndị bishọp ikike n'ịkpọsa ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;ellis&quot;/&gt;

== Ndụ na ọnwụ ==
[[Faịlụ:Frederick_Katzer.jpg|thumb|173x173px|Ebe ili Katzer dị na Saint Francis De Sales Seminary (2005) ]]
Ná mmalite nke Katzer na 1891, achịbishọp ahụ nwere ndị ụkọchukwu 227, ụlọ ụka 268, na ụlọ akwụkwọ 125 iji jeere ndị Katọlik 180,000 ozi.&lt;ref name=&quot;directory1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|date=1891|title=Sadliers' Catholic Directory, Almanac and Ordo|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uenQAAAAMAAJ|location=New York|publisher=D. J. Sadlier &amp; Company}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ka ọ na-erule afọ ikpeazụ ya dị ka achịbishọp na 1903, achịbishọn ahụ nwere ndị ụkọchukwu 329, chọọchị 321, ụlọ akwụkwọ parish 148, na ndị Katọlik 280,861. &lt;ref name=&quot;directory2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|date=1903|title=The Official Catholic Directory|url=https://archive.org/details/officialcatholic1903unse|location=New York|publisher=M. H. Wiltzius &amp; Company}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Frederick Katzer nwụrụ site na ọrịa kansa imeju na Fond du Lac, Wisconsin, na July 20, 1903.  E liri ya na obere ili ozu na ala nke Saint Francis de Sales.

== Ihe odide ==
{{Reflist}}

== Ebe e si nweta ya ==

* {{Cite book|author=Blied|first=Benjamin J.|date=1955|title=Three Archbishops of Milwaukee: Michael Heiss (1818-1890), Frederick Katzer (1844-1903), Sebastian Messmer (1847-1930)|url=https://archive.org/details/threearchbishops0000blie|pages=46–81}}
{{Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milwaukee}}{{Roman Catholic Diocese of Green Bay}}
[[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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'''Frederick Xavier Katzer''' (February 7, 1844 - Julaị 20, 1903) bụ onye ụkọchukwu Katọlik si mba [[Amerika]]. Amụrụ ya na mba [[Austria]], ebe ọ jere ozi dịka Archbishop nke {{ill|Archdiocese of Milwaukee|en}} site n'afọ 1891 ruo 1903. Ọ rụkwarụ ọrụ izizi dịka Bishọp nke {{ill|Diocese of Green Bay|en}} (1886-1891).

== Ndụ na mmalite ==
A mụrụ Katzer na February 7, 1844, na {{ill|Ebensee|en}}, {{ill|Upper Austria|en}} n'ezinaulo Carl na Barbara Katzer. Ha mechara kwaga na {{ill|Gmunden|en}}. Katzer nwetara agụmakwụkwọ ya ebe ahụ, wee hapụ mba ahụ ka ọ na-arụ ọrụ n'ụlọọrụ akwa.  N'afọ 1857, ọ banyere n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ọchịchị ukochukwu nke ndị {{ill|Society of Jesus|en}} na [[Freinberg]] mana ọbụ imuta etu esi akwa akwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;progress&quot;/&gt;

Mgbe Katzer na-agụ akwụkwọ n'ebe ahụ, o zutere Reverend {{ill|Francis Pierz|en}}, onye ozi ọzọ na-arụ ọrụ na American India na [[Minnesota]]. Pierz kpọrọ Kalzer ka ọ gụchaa na seminarị na Minnesota ma gaa rụọ ọrụ dị ka onye ozi ebe ahụ. Site n'enyemaka nke onyinye sitere na {{ill|Leopoldine Society|en}}, Katzer nwere ike ịkwụ ụgwọ maka njem ọ gara aga na Amerika.

Kalzer hapụrụ obodo [[New York]] n'onwa Mee n'afọ 1864 wee gaa Minnesota. N'agbanyeghị na mgbe ọ rutere ebe ahụ, {{ill|Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis|en}} gwara ya na ọ nweghị ike ịkwado ya na agụmakwụkwọ ya; ọbụ oge ahụ ka otulere uche, wee banye agụmakwụkwọ ndị Jesuit nke di n'ebe ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;archdiocese&quot;/&gt; Ọ zutekwara Reverend {{ill|Joseph Salzmann|en}}, onye guzobere {{ill|Saint Francis de Sales Seminary|en}} na Milwaukee. Maka {{ill|Diocese nke Milwaukee|en}} chọrọ ndị ụkọchukwu ndị ọzọ na-asụ German, Salzmann mere ka Katzer kweta imecha ọmụmụ nkà mmụta okpukpe ya ma bụrụ onye ahọpụtara n'ebe ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;archdiocese&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Most Reverend Frederick Xavier Katzer, D.D.|url=https://www.archmil.org/Bishops/Former-Archbishops/Katzer.htm|website={{ill|Archdiocese of Milwaukee|en}}}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ụkọchukwu ==
[[Faịlụ:St._Francis_Xavier_Cathedral,_Green_Bay,_Wisconsin_(cropped).jpg|thumb|{{ill|Saint Francis Xavier Cathedral (Green Bay, Wisconsin)|en}}, 2013 ]]
Mgbe ọ gụchara na Saint Francis de Sales Seminary, echiri Katzer ụkọchukwu nke Milwaukee n'onwa Disemba 21 n'afọ 1866, site n'aka Bishọp {{ill|John Henni|en}}.&lt;ref name=&quot;hierarchy&quot;/&gt; N'afọ 1866, Saltzmann họpụtara Katzer ka ọ kụzie mgbakọ na mwepụ, nkà ihe ọmụma, na nkà mmụta okpukpe.&lt;ref name=&quot;progress&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|date=1897|title=Men of Progress: Wisconsin|url=https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/service/gdc/lhbum/19127/19127.pdf|location=Milwaukee|publisher=The Evening Wisconsin Company|archive-date=2025-12-20|access-date=2025-03-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251220000916/https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/service/gdc/lhbum/19127/19127.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 1867, Katzer kpọtara nne na nna ya ka ha soro ya biri na seminarị, ma emechaa, ha wee soro ya gaa na obodo {{ill|Green Bay|en}} ruo mgbe nna ya nwụrụ n'afọ 1876 na nne ya n'afọ 1895. 

N'ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 1875, e tinyere Katzer na Diocese ọhụrụ nke Green Bay. Bishọp {{ill|Francis Krautbauer|en}} họpụtara Kalzer ka ọ bụrụ odeakwụkwọ ya. N'afọ 1881, a kpọrọ ya ka ọ bụrụ onye mbụ n'ulo uka ọhụrụ nke ana akpọ {{ill|Saint Francis Xavier Cathedral (Green Bay, Wisconsin)|en}} N'otu afọ ahụ, Krautbauer họpụtara Katzer ka ọ bụrụ onye isi nke Diocese ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;progress&quot; /&gt;

== Bishọp nke Green Bay ==
Mgbe Krautbauer nwụsịrị, Pope Leo XIII họpụtara Katzer ka ọ bụrụ bishọp nke atọ nke Green Bay na Julaị 13, 1886. [1] Ọ natara nsọpụrụ nke ịbụ bishọp na Septemba 21, 1886, site n'aka Archbishọp Michael Heiss, na ndị bishọp John Vertin na John Ireland bụ ndị jere ozi dịka ndị bishọp..&lt;ref name=&quot;hierarchy&quot; /&gt;

Na 1889, ndị na-akwado Nativist na Wisconsin Legislature gafere Bennett Iwu, nke chọrọ ka ụlọ akwụkwọ niile dị na Wisconsin kuzie nkuzi naanị na Bekee.  N'oge a, ụlọ akwụkwọ Katọlik dị na steeti ahụ na-akụzi na German, Polish na asụsụ ndị ọzọ kwabatara.  Katzer katọrọ iwu ahụ dị ka &quot;nzọụkwụ nke àmà na-egosi na-agbalị ịkwalite mwakpo ya na Ụka ​​ma mezuo mmegbu ya site na steeti.&quot;[1] Na nhoputa ndi ochichi nke 1890, Kalzer kwadoro onye ochichi onye ochichi Democratic George Wilbur Peck, onye mgbe a họpụtara ya wepụrụ iwu Bennett na 1891..&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;blied&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Benjamin Joseph Blied|title=Three Archbishops of Milwaukee|url=https://archive.org/details/threearchbishops0000blie|year=1955}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ime afọ ise Katzer dị ka bishọp, ọnụ ọgụgụ ụlọ akwụkwọ Katọlik dị na diocese ahụ mụbara site na 44 na ụmụ akwụkwọ 5,292 na 1886 ruo 70 na ụmụ akwụkwọ 10,785 na 1891.

== Achịbishọp nke Milwaukee ==
[[Faịlụ:James_Gibbons.jpg|thumb|247x247px|Kadinal James Gibbons (1900) ]]
[[Faịlụ:Cahensly_Peter_Paul.jpg|thumb|249x249px|Peter Cahensly (1900) ]]
[[Faịlụ:John_Ireland_(archbishop_of_Saint_Paul).jpg|thumb|249x249px|Achịbishọp John Ireland]]
Mgbe Heiss nwụsịrị na Machị 1890, ndị bishọp nke Wisconsin tụrụ aro ka mmadụ atọ na-asụ German dochie ya na Leo XIII. Ndị kachasị elu ha bụ Kalzer. Otú ọ dị, nhọpụta ya kpaliri mmeghachi omume n'etiti ndị bishọp ndị ọzọ na United States.&lt;ref name=&quot;ellis&quot;/&gt;

N'oge a, e kewara ndị isi Katọlik nke America n'ogige abụọ.

* Ogige ndị ụkọchukwu America chọrọ ka Vatican họpụta onye ụkọchụ na-asụ Bekee nke ga-enyere aka ịbata ndị mbịarambịa Wisconsin n'ime ọha mmadụ America.
* Ogige ndị Conservative, n'okwu a, ndị bishọp nọ na Wisconsin, chọrọ ka onye ụkọchukwu German chekwaa asụsụ na omenala nke ndị Germany.

Ebe Katzer si Austria, ndị America na-emegide ntuli aka ya.[1]  Archbishọp John Ireland nke St.  Dịka Paul si kwuo, akwụkwọ Kadịnal James Gibbons, okwu Katzer bụ &quot;nwoke zuru oke na onye na-eru eru be Achịbiskọp&quot;&quot;.

N'oge nzukọ nke ndị bishọp na July 1890, ogige ndị America nwere ihe ịga nke ọma n'ịmepụta ndepụta nke ndị na-abụghị ndị Germany maka ịbụ achịbishọp nke Milwaukee &lt;ref name=&quot;ellis&quot;/&gt; Ndị Conservative na ndị America zigara ndị ha họpụtara na Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith na Rom. Na Jenụwarị 30, 1891, na mmeri ndị Conservative, Leo XIII họpụtara Katzer dị ka achịbishọp nke atọ nke Milwaukee. &lt;ref name=&quot;hierarchy&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|work=Catholic-Hierarchy.org|title=Archbishop Frederick Francis Xavier Katzer|url=https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bkatzer.html}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bkatzer.html &quot;Archbishop Frederick Francis Xavier Katzer&quot;]. ''Catholic-Hierarchy.org''.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Mgbe a họpụtara ya dị ka archbishọp, Katzer pụtara dị ka onye ndu nke ogige nchekwa nchekwa, nke gụnyere Archbishọp Michael Corrigan nke New York na Bishọp Bernard McQuaid nke Rochester.[1][2]  Na 1899, ndị Conservatives nwetara mmeri ọzọ maka Testem benevolentiae nostrae, iwu Leo XIII.  Katzer gwara ndị mmadụ, &quot;Ndị a na-akpọ Americanism nwere obi ụtọ na ha nwere obi ụtọ na mkpebi nke See na-Ọ dịghị ụzọ anyị nwere ike isi mee ya.&quot;  [1] N'afọ sochirinụ, o zigara Vatican akwụkwọ ozi na-emegide nhọpụta nke Bishọp John J. Keane dị ka Archbishọp nke Dubuque..

Peter Cahensly, onye ahịa Germany bara ọgaranya, zigara Leo XIII akụkọ na-awụ akpata oyi n'ahụ n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 1891. Cahensly kwuru na ndị Katọlik kwagara na United States na-ahapụ okwukwe n'ihi enweghị ndị ụkọchukwu na ụka nke mba ha.&lt;ref name=&quot;ellis&quot;/&gt; Otú ọ dị, ọtụtụ ndị na-ekiri ihe na-emenụ na-arụ ụka banyere izi ezi nke akụkọ Cahensly, otu onye nchịkọta akụkọ akwụkwọ akụkọ boro Katzer ebubo ịbụ &quot;onye na-echebe Cahensly&quot; na &quot;na-agba izu na ike mba ọzọ&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;wanderer&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2012|title=YEARS OF STORM &amp; STRESS: Joseph Matt &amp; Americanism|url=https://www.catholicculture.org/culture/library/handouts/A-Centenary-of-Catholic-Life.pdf|work=The Wanderer}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Katzer mere ebubo ahụ megide Kadịnal Gibbons, onye ndu ndị America.  N'akwụkwọ ahụ, Katzer kwuru, sị, &quot;Echeghị m na m nwere echiche dị iche ... gịnị ka m kwenyere n'ụzọ m ga-esi nọrọ na ha?&quot;  [1] N'August 1891, Katzer gwara Gibbons na ya ewerela pallium..

Katzer bụ onye otu Archbishọp nke Ireland Faribault-Stillwater Plan.  Ọ bụ nnwale mmụta malitere na 1873 na usoro ụlọ akwụkwọ ọha nke Poughkeepsie, New York.  Dị ka atụmatụ a si dị, Archdiocese nke New York ewepụtala ọtụtụ parish na usoro ụlọ akwụkwọ ọha iji nye ụmụ akwụkwọ nkuzi okpukpe na-abụghị ụlọ akwụkwọ.[1].  Corrigan's Katzer na mmegharị mgbochi Vatican.  Na mgbakwunye na akwụkwọ ozi nke Archbishọp Michael Corrigan nke New York megide atụmatụ ahụ, a na-ewere na Ireland etinyela akụkụ abụọ nke ajụjụ nke ụlọ akwụkwọ Rome..&lt;ref name=&quot;ellis&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Ellis|first=John Tracy|title=The Life of James Cardinal Gibbons, Archbishop of Baltimore (1834-1921)|url=https://archive.org/details/lifeofjamescardi0001unse_s3h0|date=1952|location=Milwaukee|publisher=The Bruce Publishing Company|isbn=0870611445}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFEllis1952&quot;&gt;Ellis, John Tracy (1952). ''The Life of James Cardinal Gibbons, Archbishop of Baltimore (1834-1921)''. Milwaukee: The Bruce Publishing Company. [[ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0870611445|&lt;bdi&gt;0870611445&lt;/bdi&gt;]].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Katzer bụkwa onye isi na-emegide òtù nzuzo ndị na-abụghị ndị Katọlik na òtù ụmụnna maka ụmụ nwoke. Ọ kpọrọ oku ka Vatican katọọ ndị Odd Fellows, Knights of Pythias, na Sons of Temperance. Holy Office wepụtara nkatọ nke òtù ndị a na 1894, mana o nyere ndị bishọp ikike n'ịkpọsa ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;ellis&quot;/&gt;

== Ndụ na ọnwụ ==
[[Faịlụ:Frederick_Katzer.jpg|thumb|173x173px|Ebe ili Katzer dị na Saint Francis De Sales Seminary (2005) ]]
Ná mmalite nke Katzer na 1891, achịbishọp ahụ nwere ndị ụkọchukwu 227, ụlọ ụka 268, na ụlọ akwụkwọ 125 iji jeere ndị Katọlik 180,000 ozi.&lt;ref name=&quot;directory1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|date=1891|title=Sadliers' Catholic Directory, Almanac and Ordo|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uenQAAAAMAAJ|location=New York|publisher=D. J. Sadlier &amp; Company}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ka ọ na-erule afọ ikpeazụ ya dị ka achịbishọp na 1903, achịbishọn ahụ nwere ndị ụkọchukwu 329, chọọchị 321, ụlọ akwụkwọ parish 148, na ndị Katọlik 280,861. &lt;ref name=&quot;directory2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|date=1903|title=The Official Catholic Directory|url=https://archive.org/details/officialcatholic1903unse|location=New York|publisher=M. H. Wiltzius &amp; Company}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Frederick Katzer nwụrụ site na ọrịa kansa imeju na Fond du Lac, Wisconsin, na July 20, 1903.  E liri ya na obere ili ozu na ala nke Saint Francis de Sales.

== Ihe odide ==
{{Reflist}}

== Ebe e si nweta ya ==

* {{Cite book|author=Blied|first=Benjamin J.|date=1955|title=Three Archbishops of Milwaukee: Michael Heiss (1818-1890), Frederick Katzer (1844-1903), Sebastian Messmer (1847-1930)|url=https://archive.org/details/threearchbishops0000blie|pages=46–81}}
{{Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milwaukee}}{{Roman Catholic Diocese of Green Bay}}
[[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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'''Frederick Xavier Katzer''' (February 7, 1844 - Julaị 20, 1903) bụ onye ụkọchukwu Katọlik si mba [[Amerika]]. Amụrụ ya na mba [[Austria]], ebe ọ jere ozi dịka Archbishop nke {{ill|Archdiocese of Milwaukee|en}} site n'afọ 1891 ruo 1903. Ọ rụkwarụ ọrụ izizi dịka Bishọp nke {{ill|Diocese of Green Bay|en}} (1886-1891).

== Ndụ na mmalite ==
A mụrụ Katzer na February 7, 1844, na {{ill|Ebensee|en}}, {{ill|Upper Austria|en}} n'ezinaulo Carl na Barbara Katzer. Ha mechara kwaga na {{ill|Gmunden|en}}. Katzer nwetara agụmakwụkwọ ya ebe ahụ, wee hapụ mba ahụ ka ọ na-arụ ọrụ n'ụlọọrụ akwa.  N'afọ 1857, ọ banyere n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ọchịchị ukochukwu nke ndị {{ill|Society of Jesus|en}} na [[Freinberg]] mana ọbụ imuta etu esi akwa akwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;progress&quot;/&gt;

Mgbe Katzer na-agụ akwụkwọ n'ebe ahụ, o zutere Reverend {{ill|Francis Pierz|en}}, onye ozi ọzọ na-arụ ọrụ na American India na [[Minnesota]]. Pierz kpọrọ Kalzer ka ọ gụchaa na seminarị na Minnesota ma gaa rụọ ọrụ dị ka onye ozi ebe ahụ. Site n'enyemaka nke onyinye sitere na {{ill|Leopoldine Society|en}}, Katzer nwere ike ịkwụ ụgwọ maka njem ọ gara aga na Amerika.

Kalzer hapụrụ obodo [[New York]] n'onwa Mee n'afọ 1864 wee gaa Minnesota. N'agbanyeghị na mgbe ọ rutere ebe ahụ, {{ill|Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis|en}} gwara ya na ọ nweghị ike ịkwado ya na agụmakwụkwọ ya; ọbụ oge ahụ ka otulere uche, wee banye agụmakwụkwọ ndị Jesuit nke di n'ebe ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;archdiocese&quot;/&gt; Ọ zutekwara Reverend {{ill|Joseph Salzmann|en}}, onye guzobere {{ill|Saint Francis de Sales Seminary|en}} na Milwaukee. Maka {{ill|Diocese nke Milwaukee|en}} chọrọ ndị ụkọchukwu ndị ọzọ na-asụ German, Salzmann mere ka Katzer kweta imecha ọmụmụ nkà mmụta okpukpe ya ma bụrụ onye ahọpụtara n'ebe ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;archdiocese&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Most Reverend Frederick Xavier Katzer, D.D.|url=https://www.archmil.org/Bishops/Former-Archbishops/Katzer.htm|website={{ill|Archdiocese of Milwaukee|en}}}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ụkọchukwu ==
[[Faịlụ:St._Francis_Xavier_Cathedral,_Green_Bay,_Wisconsin_(cropped).jpg|thumb|{{ill|Saint Francis Xavier Cathedral (Green Bay, Wisconsin)|en}}, 2013 ]]
Mgbe ọ gụchara na Saint Francis de Sales Seminary, echiri Katzer ụkọchukwu nke Milwaukee n'onwa Disemba 21 n'afọ 1866, site n'aka Bishọp {{ill|John Henni|en}}.&lt;ref name=&quot;hierarchy&quot;/&gt; N'afọ 1866, Saltzmann họpụtara Katzer ka ọ kụzie mgbakọ na mwepụ, nkà ihe ọmụma, na nkà mmụta okpukpe.&lt;ref name=&quot;progress&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|date=1897|title=Men of Progress: Wisconsin|url=https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/service/gdc/lhbum/19127/19127.pdf|location=Milwaukee|publisher=The Evening Wisconsin Company|archive-date=2025-12-20|access-date=2025-03-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251220000916/https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/service/gdc/lhbum/19127/19127.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 1867, Katzer kpọtara nne na nna ya ka ha soro ya biri na seminarị, ma emechaa, ha wee soro ya gaa na obodo {{ill|Green Bay|en}} ruo mgbe nna ya nwụrụ n'afọ 1876 na nne ya n'afọ 1895. 

N'ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 1875, e tinyere Katzer na Diocese ọhụrụ nke Green Bay. Nnukwu ukọchukwu {{ill|Francis Xavier Krautbauer|en}} họpụtara Katzer ka ọ bụrụ odeakwụkwọ ya. N'afọ 1881, a kpọrọ ya ka ọ bụrụ onye mbụ n'ulo uka ọhụrụ nke ana akpọ {{ill|Saint Francis Xavier Cathedral (Green Bay, Wisconsin)|en}} N'otu afọ ahụ, Krautbauer họpụtara Katzer ka ọ bụrụ onye isi nke Diocese ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;progress&quot; /&gt;

== Bishọp nke Green Bay ==
Mgbe Krautbauer nwụsịrị, Pope Leo XIII họpụtara Katzer ka ọ bụrụ bishọp nke atọ nke Green Bay na Julaị 13, 1886. [1] Ọ natara nsọpụrụ nke ịbụ bishọp na Septemba 21, 1886, site n'aka Archbishọp Michael Heiss, na ndị bishọp John Vertin na John Ireland bụ ndị jere ozi dịka ndị bishọp..&lt;ref name=&quot;hierarchy&quot; /&gt;

Na 1889, ndị na-akwado Nativist na Wisconsin Legislature gafere Bennett Iwu, nke chọrọ ka ụlọ akwụkwọ niile dị na Wisconsin kuzie nkuzi naanị na Bekee.  N'oge a, ụlọ akwụkwọ Katọlik dị na steeti ahụ na-akụzi na German, Polish na asụsụ ndị ọzọ kwabatara.  Katzer katọrọ iwu ahụ dị ka &quot;nzọụkwụ nke àmà na-egosi na-agbalị ịkwalite mwakpo ya na Ụka ​​ma mezuo mmegbu ya site na steeti.&quot;[1] Na nhoputa ndi ochichi nke 1890, Kalzer kwadoro onye ochichi onye ochichi Democratic George Wilbur Peck, onye mgbe a họpụtara ya wepụrụ iwu Bennett na 1891..&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;blied&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Benjamin Joseph Blied|title=Three Archbishops of Milwaukee|url=https://archive.org/details/threearchbishops0000blie|year=1955}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ime afọ ise Katzer dị ka bishọp, ọnụ ọgụgụ ụlọ akwụkwọ Katọlik dị na diocese ahụ mụbara site na 44 na ụmụ akwụkwọ 5,292 na 1886 ruo 70 na ụmụ akwụkwọ 10,785 na 1891.

== Achịbishọp nke Milwaukee ==
[[Faịlụ:James_Gibbons.jpg|thumb|247x247px|Kadinal James Gibbons (1900) ]]
[[Faịlụ:Cahensly_Peter_Paul.jpg|thumb|249x249px|Peter Cahensly (1900) ]]
[[Faịlụ:John_Ireland_(archbishop_of_Saint_Paul).jpg|thumb|249x249px|Achịbishọp John Ireland]]
Mgbe Heiss nwụsịrị na Machị 1890, ndị bishọp nke Wisconsin tụrụ aro ka mmadụ atọ na-asụ German dochie ya na Leo XIII. Ndị kachasị elu ha bụ Kalzer. Otú ọ dị, nhọpụta ya kpaliri mmeghachi omume n'etiti ndị bishọp ndị ọzọ na United States.&lt;ref name=&quot;ellis&quot;/&gt;

N'oge a, e kewara ndị isi Katọlik nke America n'ogige abụọ.

* Ogige ndị ụkọchukwu America chọrọ ka Vatican họpụta onye ụkọchụ na-asụ Bekee nke ga-enyere aka ịbata ndị mbịarambịa Wisconsin n'ime ọha mmadụ America.
* Ogige ndị Conservative, n'okwu a, ndị bishọp nọ na Wisconsin, chọrọ ka onye ụkọchukwu German chekwaa asụsụ na omenala nke ndị Germany.

Ebe Katzer si Austria, ndị America na-emegide ntuli aka ya.[1]  Archbishọp John Ireland nke St.  Dịka Paul si kwuo, akwụkwọ Kadịnal James Gibbons, okwu Katzer bụ &quot;nwoke zuru oke na onye na-eru eru be Achịbiskọp&quot;&quot;.

N'oge nzukọ nke ndị bishọp na July 1890, ogige ndị America nwere ihe ịga nke ọma n'ịmepụta ndepụta nke ndị na-abụghị ndị Germany maka ịbụ achịbishọp nke Milwaukee &lt;ref name=&quot;ellis&quot;/&gt; Ndị Conservative na ndị America zigara ndị ha họpụtara na Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith na Rom. Na Jenụwarị 30, 1891, na mmeri ndị Conservative, Leo XIII họpụtara Katzer dị ka achịbishọp nke atọ nke Milwaukee. &lt;ref name=&quot;hierarchy&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|work=Catholic-Hierarchy.org|title=Archbishop Frederick Francis Xavier Katzer|url=https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bkatzer.html}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bkatzer.html &quot;Archbishop Frederick Francis Xavier Katzer&quot;]. ''Catholic-Hierarchy.org''.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Mgbe a họpụtara ya dị ka archbishọp, Katzer pụtara dị ka onye ndu nke ogige nchekwa nchekwa, nke gụnyere Archbishọp Michael Corrigan nke New York na Bishọp Bernard McQuaid nke Rochester.[1][2]  Na 1899, ndị Conservatives nwetara mmeri ọzọ maka Testem benevolentiae nostrae, iwu Leo XIII.  Katzer gwara ndị mmadụ, &quot;Ndị a na-akpọ Americanism nwere obi ụtọ na ha nwere obi ụtọ na mkpebi nke See na-Ọ dịghị ụzọ anyị nwere ike isi mee ya.&quot;  [1] N'afọ sochirinụ, o zigara Vatican akwụkwọ ozi na-emegide nhọpụta nke Bishọp John J. Keane dị ka Archbishọp nke Dubuque..

Peter Cahensly, onye ahịa Germany bara ọgaranya, zigara Leo XIII akụkọ na-awụ akpata oyi n'ahụ n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 1891. Cahensly kwuru na ndị Katọlik kwagara na United States na-ahapụ okwukwe n'ihi enweghị ndị ụkọchukwu na ụka nke mba ha.&lt;ref name=&quot;ellis&quot;/&gt; Otú ọ dị, ọtụtụ ndị na-ekiri ihe na-emenụ na-arụ ụka banyere izi ezi nke akụkọ Cahensly, otu onye nchịkọta akụkọ akwụkwọ akụkọ boro Katzer ebubo ịbụ &quot;onye na-echebe Cahensly&quot; na &quot;na-agba izu na ike mba ọzọ&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;wanderer&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2012|title=YEARS OF STORM &amp; STRESS: Joseph Matt &amp; Americanism|url=https://www.catholicculture.org/culture/library/handouts/A-Centenary-of-Catholic-Life.pdf|work=The Wanderer}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Katzer mere ebubo ahụ megide Kadịnal Gibbons, onye ndu ndị America.  N'akwụkwọ ahụ, Katzer kwuru, sị, &quot;Echeghị m na m nwere echiche dị iche ... gịnị ka m kwenyere n'ụzọ m ga-esi nọrọ na ha?&quot;  [1] N'August 1891, Katzer gwara Gibbons na ya ewerela pallium..

Katzer bụ onye otu Archbishọp nke Ireland Faribault-Stillwater Plan.  Ọ bụ nnwale mmụta malitere na 1873 na usoro ụlọ akwụkwọ ọha nke Poughkeepsie, New York.  Dị ka atụmatụ a si dị, Archdiocese nke New York ewepụtala ọtụtụ parish na usoro ụlọ akwụkwọ ọha iji nye ụmụ akwụkwọ nkuzi okpukpe na-abụghị ụlọ akwụkwọ.[1].  Corrigan's Katzer na mmegharị mgbochi Vatican.  Na mgbakwunye na akwụkwọ ozi nke Archbishọp Michael Corrigan nke New York megide atụmatụ ahụ, a na-ewere na Ireland etinyela akụkụ abụọ nke ajụjụ nke ụlọ akwụkwọ Rome..&lt;ref name=&quot;ellis&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Ellis|first=John Tracy|title=The Life of James Cardinal Gibbons, Archbishop of Baltimore (1834-1921)|url=https://archive.org/details/lifeofjamescardi0001unse_s3h0|date=1952|location=Milwaukee|publisher=The Bruce Publishing Company|isbn=0870611445}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFEllis1952&quot;&gt;Ellis, John Tracy (1952). ''The Life of James Cardinal Gibbons, Archbishop of Baltimore (1834-1921)''. Milwaukee: The Bruce Publishing Company. [[ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0870611445|&lt;bdi&gt;0870611445&lt;/bdi&gt;]].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Katzer bụkwa onye isi na-emegide òtù nzuzo ndị na-abụghị ndị Katọlik na òtù ụmụnna maka ụmụ nwoke. Ọ kpọrọ oku ka Vatican katọọ ndị Odd Fellows, Knights of Pythias, na Sons of Temperance. Holy Office wepụtara nkatọ nke òtù ndị a na 1894, mana o nyere ndị bishọp ikike n'ịkpọsa ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;ellis&quot;/&gt;

== Ndụ na ọnwụ ==
[[Faịlụ:Frederick_Katzer.jpg|thumb|173x173px|Ebe ili Katzer dị na Saint Francis De Sales Seminary (2005) ]]
Ná mmalite nke Katzer na 1891, achịbishọp ahụ nwere ndị ụkọchukwu 227, ụlọ ụka 268, na ụlọ akwụkwọ 125 iji jeere ndị Katọlik 180,000 ozi.&lt;ref name=&quot;directory1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|date=1891|title=Sadliers' Catholic Directory, Almanac and Ordo|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uenQAAAAMAAJ|location=New York|publisher=D. J. Sadlier &amp; Company}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ka ọ na-erule afọ ikpeazụ ya dị ka achịbishọp na 1903, achịbishọn ahụ nwere ndị ụkọchukwu 329, chọọchị 321, ụlọ akwụkwọ parish 148, na ndị Katọlik 280,861. &lt;ref name=&quot;directory2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|date=1903|title=The Official Catholic Directory|url=https://archive.org/details/officialcatholic1903unse|location=New York|publisher=M. H. Wiltzius &amp; Company}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Frederick Katzer nwụrụ site na ọrịa kansa imeju na Fond du Lac, Wisconsin, na July 20, 1903.  E liri ya na obere ili ozu na ala nke Saint Francis de Sales.

== Ihe odide ==
{{Reflist}}

== Ebe e si nweta ya ==

* {{Cite book|author=Blied|first=Benjamin J.|date=1955|title=Three Archbishops of Milwaukee: Michael Heiss (1818-1890), Frederick Katzer (1844-1903), Sebastian Messmer (1847-1930)|url=https://archive.org/details/threearchbishops0000blie|pages=46–81}}
{{Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milwaukee}}{{Roman Catholic Diocese of Green Bay}}
[[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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'''Frederick Xavier Katzer''' (February 7, 1844 - Julaị 20, 1903) bụ onye ụkọchukwu Katọlik si mba [[Amerika]]. Amụrụ ya na mba [[Austria]], ebe ọ jere ozi dịka Archbishop nke {{ill|Archdiocese of Milwaukee|en}} site n'afọ 1891 ruo 1903. Ọ rụkwarụ ọrụ izizi dịka Bishọp nke {{ill|Diocese of Green Bay|en}} (1886-1891).

== Ndụ na mmalite ==
A mụrụ Katzer na February 7, 1844, na {{ill|Ebensee|en}}, {{ill|Upper Austria|en}} n'ezinaulo Carl na Barbara Katzer. Ha mechara kwaga na {{ill|Gmunden|en}}. Katzer nwetara agụmakwụkwọ ya ebe ahụ, wee hapụ mba ahụ ka ọ na-arụ ọrụ n'ụlọọrụ akwa.  N'afọ 1857, ọ banyere n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ọchịchị ukochukwu nke ndị {{ill|Society of Jesus|en}} na [[Freinberg]] mana ọbụ imuta etu esi akwa akwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;progress&quot;/&gt;

Mgbe Katzer na-agụ akwụkwọ n'ebe ahụ, o zutere Reverend {{ill|Francis Pierz|en}}, onye ozi ọzọ na-arụ ọrụ na American India na [[Minnesota]]. Pierz kpọrọ Kalzer ka ọ gụchaa na seminarị na Minnesota ma gaa rụọ ọrụ dị ka onye ozi ebe ahụ. Site n'enyemaka nke onyinye sitere na {{ill|Leopoldine Society|en}}, Katzer nwere ike ịkwụ ụgwọ maka njem ọ gara aga na Amerika.

Kalzer hapụrụ obodo [[New York]] n'onwa Mee n'afọ 1864 wee gaa Minnesota. N'agbanyeghị na mgbe ọ rutere ebe ahụ, {{ill|Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis|en}} gwara ya na ọ nweghị ike ịkwado ya na agụmakwụkwọ ya; ọbụ oge ahụ ka otulere uche, wee banye agụmakwụkwọ ndị Jesuit nke di n'ebe ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;archdiocese&quot;/&gt; Ọ zutekwara Reverend {{ill|Joseph Salzmann|en}}, onye guzobere {{ill|Saint Francis de Sales Seminary|en}} na Milwaukee. Maka {{ill|Diocese nke Milwaukee|en}} chọrọ ndị ụkọchukwu ndị ọzọ na-asụ German, Salzmann mere ka Katzer kweta imecha ọmụmụ nkà mmụta okpukpe ya ma bụrụ onye ahọpụtara n'ebe ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;archdiocese&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Most Reverend Frederick Xavier Katzer, D.D.|url=https://www.archmil.org/Bishops/Former-Archbishops/Katzer.htm|website={{ill|Archdiocese of Milwaukee|en}}}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ụkọchukwu ==
[[Faịlụ:St._Francis_Xavier_Cathedral,_Green_Bay,_Wisconsin_(cropped).jpg|thumb|{{ill|Saint Francis Xavier Cathedral (Green Bay, Wisconsin)|en}}, 2013 ]]
Mgbe ọ gụchara na Saint Francis de Sales Seminary, echiri Katzer ụkọchukwu nke Milwaukee n'onwa Disemba 21 n'afọ 1866, site n'aka Bishọp {{ill|John Henni|en}}.&lt;ref name=&quot;hierarchy&quot;/&gt; N'afọ 1866, Saltzmann họpụtara Katzer ka ọ kụzie mgbakọ na mwepụ, nkà ihe ọmụma, na nkà mmụta okpukpe.&lt;ref name=&quot;progress&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|date=1897|title=Men of Progress: Wisconsin|url=https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/service/gdc/lhbum/19127/19127.pdf|location=Milwaukee|publisher=The Evening Wisconsin Company|archive-date=2025-12-20|access-date=2025-03-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251220000916/https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/service/gdc/lhbum/19127/19127.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 1867, Katzer kpọtara nne na nna ya ka ha soro ya biri na seminarị, ma emechaa, ha wee soro ya gaa na obodo {{ill|Green Bay|en}} ruo mgbe nna ya nwụrụ n'afọ 1876 na nne ya n'afọ 1895. 

N'ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 1875, e tinyere Katzer na Diocese ọhụrụ nke Green Bay. Nnukwu ukọchukwu {{ill|Francis Xavier Krautbauer|en}} họpụtara Katzer ka ọ bụrụ odeakwụkwọ ya. N'afọ 1881, a kpọrọ ya ka ọ bụrụ onye mbụ n'ulo uka ọhụrụ nke ana akpọ {{ill|Saint Francis Xavier Cathedral (Green Bay, Wisconsin)|en}} N'otu afọ ahụ, Krautbauer họpụtara Katzer ka ọ bụrụ onye isi nke Diocese ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;progress&quot; /&gt;

== Bishọp nke Green Bay ==
Mgbe Krautbauer nwụsịrị, [[Popu Leo XIII]] họpụtara Katzer ka ọ bụrụ bishọp nke atọ nke Green Bay n'ọnwa Julaị 13 n'afọ 1886. Ọ natara nsọpụrụ nke ịbụ bishọp n'ọnwa Septemba 21 n'otu afọ ahụ, site n'aka nnukwu ukọchukwu {{ill|Michael Heiss|en}} na ndị ọzọ gụnyere {{ill|John Vertin|en}} na {{ill|John Ireland|en}}.&lt;ref name=&quot;hierarchy&quot; /&gt;

N'afọ 1889, ndị na-akwado Nativist na Wisconsin Legislature gafere Bennett Iwu, nke chọrọ ka ụlọ akwụkwọ niile dị na Wisconsin kuzie nkuzi naanị na asụsụ Bekee. N'oge a, ụlọakwụkwọ Katọlik dị na steeti ahụ na-akụzi nkuzi n'asụsụ dị icheiche nke gụnyere: German, Polish na asụsụ ndị ọzọ kwabatara.  Katzer katọrọ iwu ahụ. Na nhoputa ndi ochichi nke afọ 1890, Katzer kwadoro onye ochichi {{ill|George Wilbur Peck|en}}, onye mgbe a họpụtara ya wepụrụ iwu Bennett n'afo 1891.&lt;ref name=&quot;blied&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Benjamin Joseph Blied|title=Three Archbishops of Milwaukee|url=https://archive.org/details/threearchbishops0000blie|year=1955}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Achịbishọp nke Milwaukee ==
[[Faịlụ:James_Gibbons.jpg|thumb|247x247px|Kadinal James Gibbons (1900) ]]
[[Faịlụ:Cahensly_Peter_Paul.jpg|thumb|249x249px|Peter Cahensly (1900) ]]
[[Faịlụ:John_Ireland_(archbishop_of_Saint_Paul).jpg|thumb|249x249px|Achịbishọp John Ireland]]
Mgbe Heiss nwụsịrị na Machị 1890, ndị bishọp nke Wisconsin tụrụ aro ka mmadụ atọ na-asụ German dochie ya na Leo XIII. Ndị kachasị elu ha bụ Kalzer. Otú ọ dị, nhọpụta ya kpaliri mmeghachi omume n'etiti ndị bishọp ndị ọzọ na United States.&lt;ref name=&quot;ellis&quot;/&gt;

N'oge a, e kewara ndị isi Katọlik nke America n'ogige abụọ.

* Ogige ndị ụkọchukwu America chọrọ ka Vatican họpụta onye ụkọchụ na-asụ Bekee nke ga-enyere aka ịbata ndị mbịarambịa Wisconsin n'ime ọha mmadụ America.
* Ogige ndị Conservative, n'okwu a, ndị bishọp nọ na Wisconsin, chọrọ ka onye ụkọchukwu German chekwaa asụsụ na omenala nke ndị Germany.

Ebe Katzer si Austria, ndị America na-emegide ntuli aka ya.[1]  Archbishọp John Ireland nke St.  Dịka Paul si kwuo, akwụkwọ Kadịnal James Gibbons, okwu Katzer bụ &quot;nwoke zuru oke na onye na-eru eru be Achịbiskọp&quot;&quot;.

N'oge nzukọ nke ndị bishọp na July 1890, ogige ndị America nwere ihe ịga nke ọma n'ịmepụta ndepụta nke ndị na-abụghị ndị Germany maka ịbụ achịbishọp nke Milwaukee &lt;ref name=&quot;ellis&quot;/&gt; Ndị Conservative na ndị America zigara ndị ha họpụtara na Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith na Rom. Na Jenụwarị 30, 1891, na mmeri ndị Conservative, Leo XIII họpụtara Katzer dị ka achịbishọp nke atọ nke Milwaukee. &lt;ref name=&quot;hierarchy&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|work=Catholic-Hierarchy.org|title=Archbishop Frederick Francis Xavier Katzer|url=https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bkatzer.html}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bkatzer.html &quot;Archbishop Frederick Francis Xavier Katzer&quot;]. ''Catholic-Hierarchy.org''.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Mgbe a họpụtara ya dị ka archbishọp, Katzer pụtara dị ka onye ndu nke ogige nchekwa nchekwa, nke gụnyere Archbishọp Michael Corrigan nke New York na Bishọp Bernard McQuaid nke Rochester.[1][2]  Na 1899, ndị Conservatives nwetara mmeri ọzọ maka Testem benevolentiae nostrae, iwu Leo XIII.  Katzer gwara ndị mmadụ, &quot;Ndị a na-akpọ Americanism nwere obi ụtọ na ha nwere obi ụtọ na mkpebi nke See na-Ọ dịghị ụzọ anyị nwere ike isi mee ya.&quot;  [1] N'afọ sochirinụ, o zigara Vatican akwụkwọ ozi na-emegide nhọpụta nke Bishọp John J. Keane dị ka Archbishọp nke Dubuque..

Peter Cahensly, onye ahịa Germany bara ọgaranya, zigara Leo XIII akụkọ na-awụ akpata oyi n'ahụ n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 1891. Cahensly kwuru na ndị Katọlik kwagara na United States na-ahapụ okwukwe n'ihi enweghị ndị ụkọchukwu na ụka nke mba ha.&lt;ref name=&quot;ellis&quot;/&gt; Otú ọ dị, ọtụtụ ndị na-ekiri ihe na-emenụ na-arụ ụka banyere izi ezi nke akụkọ Cahensly, otu onye nchịkọta akụkọ akwụkwọ akụkọ boro Katzer ebubo ịbụ &quot;onye na-echebe Cahensly&quot; na &quot;na-agba izu na ike mba ọzọ&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;wanderer&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2012|title=YEARS OF STORM &amp; STRESS: Joseph Matt &amp; Americanism|url=https://www.catholicculture.org/culture/library/handouts/A-Centenary-of-Catholic-Life.pdf|work=The Wanderer}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Katzer mere ebubo ahụ megide Kadịnal Gibbons, onye ndu ndị America.  N'akwụkwọ ahụ, Katzer kwuru, sị, &quot;Echeghị m na m nwere echiche dị iche ... gịnị ka m kwenyere n'ụzọ m ga-esi nọrọ na ha?&quot;  [1] N'August 1891, Katzer gwara Gibbons na ya ewerela pallium..

Katzer bụ onye otu Archbishọp nke Ireland Faribault-Stillwater Plan.  Ọ bụ nnwale mmụta malitere na 1873 na usoro ụlọ akwụkwọ ọha nke Poughkeepsie, New York.  Dị ka atụmatụ a si dị, Archdiocese nke New York ewepụtala ọtụtụ parish na usoro ụlọ akwụkwọ ọha iji nye ụmụ akwụkwọ nkuzi okpukpe na-abụghị ụlọ akwụkwọ.[1].  Corrigan's Katzer na mmegharị mgbochi Vatican.  Na mgbakwunye na akwụkwọ ozi nke Archbishọp Michael Corrigan nke New York megide atụmatụ ahụ, a na-ewere na Ireland etinyela akụkụ abụọ nke ajụjụ nke ụlọ akwụkwọ Rome..&lt;ref name=&quot;ellis&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Ellis|first=John Tracy|title=The Life of James Cardinal Gibbons, Archbishop of Baltimore (1834-1921)|url=https://archive.org/details/lifeofjamescardi0001unse_s3h0|date=1952|location=Milwaukee|publisher=The Bruce Publishing Company|isbn=0870611445}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFEllis1952&quot;&gt;Ellis, John Tracy (1952). ''The Life of James Cardinal Gibbons, Archbishop of Baltimore (1834-1921)''. Milwaukee: The Bruce Publishing Company. [[ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0870611445|&lt;bdi&gt;0870611445&lt;/bdi&gt;]].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Katzer bụkwa onye isi na-emegide òtù nzuzo ndị na-abụghị ndị Katọlik na òtù ụmụnna maka ụmụ nwoke. Ọ kpọrọ oku ka Vatican katọọ ndị Odd Fellows, Knights of Pythias, na Sons of Temperance. Holy Office wepụtara nkatọ nke òtù ndị a na 1894, mana o nyere ndị bishọp ikike n'ịkpọsa ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;ellis&quot;/&gt;

== Ndụ na ọnwụ ==
[[Faịlụ:Frederick_Katzer.jpg|thumb|173x173px|Ebe ili Katzer dị na Saint Francis De Sales Seminary (2005) ]]
Ná mmalite nke Katzer na 1891, achịbishọp ahụ nwere ndị ụkọchukwu 227, ụlọ ụka 268, na ụlọ akwụkwọ 125 iji jeere ndị Katọlik 180,000 ozi.&lt;ref name=&quot;directory1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|date=1891|title=Sadliers' Catholic Directory, Almanac and Ordo|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uenQAAAAMAAJ|location=New York|publisher=D. J. Sadlier &amp; Company}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ka ọ na-erule afọ ikpeazụ ya dị ka achịbishọp na 1903, achịbishọn ahụ nwere ndị ụkọchukwu 329, chọọchị 321, ụlọ akwụkwọ parish 148, na ndị Katọlik 280,861. &lt;ref name=&quot;directory2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|date=1903|title=The Official Catholic Directory|url=https://archive.org/details/officialcatholic1903unse|location=New York|publisher=M. H. Wiltzius &amp; Company}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Frederick Katzer nwụrụ site na ọrịa kansa imeju na Fond du Lac, Wisconsin, na July 20, 1903.  E liri ya na obere ili ozu na ala nke Saint Francis de Sales.

== Ihe odide ==
{{Reflist}}

== Ebe e si nweta ya ==

* {{Cite book|author=Blied|first=Benjamin J.|date=1955|title=Three Archbishops of Milwaukee: Michael Heiss (1818-1890), Frederick Katzer (1844-1903), Sebastian Messmer (1847-1930)|url=https://archive.org/details/threearchbishops0000blie|pages=46–81}}
{{Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milwaukee}}{{Roman Catholic Diocese of Green Bay}}
[[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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'''Frederick Xavier Katzer''' (February 7, 1844 - Julaị 20, 1903) bụ onye ụkọchukwu Katọlik si mba [[Amerika]]. Amụrụ ya na mba [[Austria]], ebe ọ jere ozi dịka Archbishop nke {{ill|Archdiocese of Milwaukee|en}} site n'afọ 1891 ruo 1903. Ọ rụkwarụ ọrụ izizi dịka Bishọp nke {{ill|Diocese of Green Bay|en}} (1886-1891).

== Ndụ na mmalite ==
A mụrụ Katzer na February 7, 1844, na {{ill|Ebensee|en}}, {{ill|Upper Austria|en}} n'ezinaulo Carl na Barbara Katzer. Ha mechara kwaga na {{ill|Gmunden|en}}. Katzer nwetara agụmakwụkwọ ya ebe ahụ, wee hapụ mba ahụ ka ọ na-arụ ọrụ n'ụlọọrụ akwa.  N'afọ 1857, ọ banyere n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ọchịchị ukochukwu nke ndị {{ill|Society of Jesus|en}} na [[Freinberg]] mana ọbụ imuta etu esi akwa akwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;progress&quot;/&gt;

Mgbe Katzer na-agụ akwụkwọ n'ebe ahụ, o zutere Reverend {{ill|Francis Pierz|en}}, onye ozi ọzọ na-arụ ọrụ na American India na [[Minnesota]]. Pierz kpọrọ Kalzer ka ọ gụchaa na seminarị na Minnesota ma gaa rụọ ọrụ dị ka onye ozi ebe ahụ. Site n'enyemaka nke onyinye sitere na {{ill|Leopoldine Society|en}}, Katzer nwere ike ịkwụ ụgwọ maka njem ọ gara aga na Amerika.

Kalzer hapụrụ obodo [[New York]] n'onwa Mee n'afọ 1864 wee gaa Minnesota. N'agbanyeghị na mgbe ọ rutere ebe ahụ, {{ill|Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis|en}} gwara ya na ọ nweghị ike ịkwado ya na agụmakwụkwọ ya; ọbụ oge ahụ ka otulere uche, wee banye agụmakwụkwọ ndị Jesuit nke di n'ebe ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;archdiocese&quot;/&gt; Ọ zutekwara Reverend {{ill|Joseph Salzmann|en}}, onye guzobere {{ill|Saint Francis de Sales Seminary|en}} na Milwaukee. Maka {{ill|Diocese nke Milwaukee|en}} chọrọ ndị ụkọchukwu ndị ọzọ na-asụ German, Salzmann mere ka Katzer kweta imecha ọmụmụ nkà mmụta okpukpe ya ma bụrụ onye ahọpụtara n'ebe ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;archdiocese&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Most Reverend Frederick Xavier Katzer, D.D.|url=https://www.archmil.org/Bishops/Former-Archbishops/Katzer.htm|website={{ill|Archdiocese of Milwaukee|en}}}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ụkọchukwu ==
[[Faịlụ:St._Francis_Xavier_Cathedral,_Green_Bay,_Wisconsin_(cropped).jpg|thumb|{{ill|Saint Francis Xavier Cathedral (Green Bay, Wisconsin)|en}}, 2013 ]]
Mgbe ọ gụchara na Saint Francis de Sales Seminary, echiri Katzer ụkọchukwu nke Milwaukee n'onwa Disemba 21 n'afọ 1866, site n'aka Bishọp {{ill|John Henni|en}}.&lt;ref name=&quot;hierarchy&quot;/&gt; N'afọ 1866, Saltzmann họpụtara Katzer ka ọ kụzie mgbakọ na mwepụ, nkà ihe ọmụma, na nkà mmụta okpukpe.&lt;ref name=&quot;progress&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|date=1897|title=Men of Progress: Wisconsin|url=https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/service/gdc/lhbum/19127/19127.pdf|location=Milwaukee|publisher=The Evening Wisconsin Company|archive-date=2025-12-20|access-date=2025-03-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251220000916/https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/service/gdc/lhbum/19127/19127.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 1867, Katzer kpọtara nne na nna ya ka ha soro ya biri na seminarị, ma emechaa, ha wee soro ya gaa na obodo {{ill|Green Bay|en}} ruo mgbe nna ya nwụrụ n'afọ 1876 na nne ya n'afọ 1895. 

N'ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 1875, e tinyere Katzer na Diocese ọhụrụ nke Green Bay. Nnukwu ukọchukwu {{ill|Francis Xavier Krautbauer|en}} họpụtara Katzer ka ọ bụrụ odeakwụkwọ ya. N'afọ 1881, a kpọrọ ya ka ọ bụrụ onye mbụ n'ulo uka ọhụrụ nke ana akpọ {{ill|Saint Francis Xavier Cathedral (Green Bay, Wisconsin)|en}} N'otu afọ ahụ, Krautbauer họpụtara Katzer ka ọ bụrụ onye isi nke Diocese ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;progress&quot; /&gt;

== Bishọp nke Green Bay ==
Mgbe Krautbauer nwụsịrị, {{ill|Pope Leo XIII|en}} họpụtara Katzer ka ọ bụrụ bishọp nke atọ nke Green Bay n'ọnwa Julaị 13 n'afọ 1886. Ọ natara nsọpụrụ nke ịbụ bishọp n'ọnwa Septemba 21 n'otu afọ ahụ, site n'aka nnukwu ukọchukwu {{ill|Michael Heiss|en}} na ndị ọzọ gụnyere {{ill|John Vertin|en}} na {{ill|John Ireland (bishop)|en}}.&lt;ref name=&quot;hierarchy&quot; /&gt;

N'afọ 1889, ndị na-akwado {{ill|nativism|en}} no na {{ill|Wisconsin Legislature|en}} nyerere iwu {{ill|Bennett Law|en}}, nke manyere ụlọakwụkwọ niile dị na Wisconsin ikuzi nkuzi naanị na asụsụ Bekee. N'oge ahụ, ụlọakwụkwọ ndị ụka Katọlik dị na steeti ahụ na-akụzi nkuzi n'asụsụ dị icheiche nke gụnyere German, Polish na asụsụ ndị ọzọ. Katzer katọrọ iwu ahụ. Na nhoputa ndi ochichi nke afọ 1890, Katzer kwadoro onye ochichi {{ill|George Wilbur Peck|en}}, onye mgbe a họpụtara ya wepụrụ iwu Bennett n'afo 1891.&lt;ref name=&quot;blied&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Benjamin Joseph Blied|title=Three Archbishops of Milwaukee|url=https://archive.org/details/threearchbishops0000blie|year=1955}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Achịbishọp nke Milwaukee ==
[[Faịlụ:James_Gibbons.jpg|thumb|247x247px|Kadinal James Gibbons (1900) ]]
[[Faịlụ:Cahensly_Peter_Paul.jpg|thumb|249x249px|Peter Cahensly (1900) ]]
[[Faịlụ:John_Ireland_(archbishop_of_Saint_Paul).jpg|thumb|249x249px|Achịbishọp John Ireland]]
Mgbe Heiss nwụsịrị na Machị 1890, ndị bishọp nke Wisconsin tụrụ aro ka mmadụ atọ na-asụ German dochie ya na Leo XIII. Ndị kachasị elu ha bụ Kalzer. Otú ọ dị, nhọpụta ya kpaliri mmeghachi omume n'etiti ndị bishọp ndị ọzọ na United States.&lt;ref name=&quot;ellis&quot;/&gt;

N'oge a, e kewara ndị isi Katọlik nke America n'ogige abụọ.

* Ogige ndị ụkọchukwu America chọrọ ka Vatican họpụta onye ụkọchụ na-asụ Bekee nke ga-enyere aka ịbata ndị mbịarambịa Wisconsin n'ime ọha mmadụ America.
* Ogige ndị Conservative, n'okwu a, ndị bishọp nọ na Wisconsin, chọrọ ka onye ụkọchukwu German chekwaa asụsụ na omenala nke ndị Germany.

Ebe Katzer si Austria, ndị America na-emegide ntuli aka ya.[1]  Archbishọp John Ireland nke St.  Dịka Paul si kwuo, akwụkwọ Kadịnal James Gibbons, okwu Katzer bụ &quot;nwoke zuru oke na onye na-eru eru be Achịbiskọp&quot;&quot;.

N'oge nzukọ nke ndị bishọp na July 1890, ogige ndị America nwere ihe ịga nke ọma n'ịmepụta ndepụta nke ndị na-abụghị ndị Germany maka ịbụ achịbishọp nke Milwaukee &lt;ref name=&quot;ellis&quot;/&gt; Ndị Conservative na ndị America zigara ndị ha họpụtara na Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith na Rom. Na Jenụwarị 30, 1891, na mmeri ndị Conservative, Leo XIII họpụtara Katzer dị ka achịbishọp nke atọ nke Milwaukee. &lt;ref name=&quot;hierarchy&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|work=Catholic-Hierarchy.org|title=Archbishop Frederick Francis Xavier Katzer|url=https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bkatzer.html}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bkatzer.html &quot;Archbishop Frederick Francis Xavier Katzer&quot;]. ''Catholic-Hierarchy.org''.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Mgbe a họpụtara ya dị ka archbishọp, Katzer pụtara dị ka onye ndu nke ogige nchekwa nchekwa, nke gụnyere Archbishọp Michael Corrigan nke New York na Bishọp Bernard McQuaid nke Rochester.[1][2]  Na 1899, ndị Conservatives nwetara mmeri ọzọ maka Testem benevolentiae nostrae, iwu Leo XIII.  Katzer gwara ndị mmadụ, &quot;Ndị a na-akpọ Americanism nwere obi ụtọ na ha nwere obi ụtọ na mkpebi nke See na-Ọ dịghị ụzọ anyị nwere ike isi mee ya.&quot;  [1] N'afọ sochirinụ, o zigara Vatican akwụkwọ ozi na-emegide nhọpụta nke Bishọp John J. Keane dị ka Archbishọp nke Dubuque..

Peter Cahensly, onye ahịa Germany bara ọgaranya, zigara Leo XIII akụkọ na-awụ akpata oyi n'ahụ n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 1891. Cahensly kwuru na ndị Katọlik kwagara na United States na-ahapụ okwukwe n'ihi enweghị ndị ụkọchukwu na ụka nke mba ha.&lt;ref name=&quot;ellis&quot;/&gt; Otú ọ dị, ọtụtụ ndị na-ekiri ihe na-emenụ na-arụ ụka banyere izi ezi nke akụkọ Cahensly, otu onye nchịkọta akụkọ akwụkwọ akụkọ boro Katzer ebubo ịbụ &quot;onye na-echebe Cahensly&quot; na &quot;na-agba izu na ike mba ọzọ&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;wanderer&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2012|title=YEARS OF STORM &amp; STRESS: Joseph Matt &amp; Americanism|url=https://www.catholicculture.org/culture/library/handouts/A-Centenary-of-Catholic-Life.pdf|work=The Wanderer}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Katzer mere ebubo ahụ megide Kadịnal Gibbons, onye ndu ndị America.  N'akwụkwọ ahụ, Katzer kwuru, sị, &quot;Echeghị m na m nwere echiche dị iche ... gịnị ka m kwenyere n'ụzọ m ga-esi nọrọ na ha?&quot;  [1] N'August 1891, Katzer gwara Gibbons na ya ewerela pallium..

Katzer bụ onye otu Archbishọp nke Ireland Faribault-Stillwater Plan.  Ọ bụ nnwale mmụta malitere na 1873 na usoro ụlọ akwụkwọ ọha nke Poughkeepsie, New York.  Dị ka atụmatụ a si dị, Archdiocese nke New York ewepụtala ọtụtụ parish na usoro ụlọ akwụkwọ ọha iji nye ụmụ akwụkwọ nkuzi okpukpe na-abụghị ụlọ akwụkwọ.[1].  Corrigan's Katzer na mmegharị mgbochi Vatican.  Na mgbakwunye na akwụkwọ ozi nke Archbishọp Michael Corrigan nke New York megide atụmatụ ahụ, a na-ewere na Ireland etinyela akụkụ abụọ nke ajụjụ nke ụlọ akwụkwọ Rome..&lt;ref name=&quot;ellis&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Ellis|first=John Tracy|title=The Life of James Cardinal Gibbons, Archbishop of Baltimore (1834-1921)|url=https://archive.org/details/lifeofjamescardi0001unse_s3h0|date=1952|location=Milwaukee|publisher=The Bruce Publishing Company|isbn=0870611445}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFEllis1952&quot;&gt;Ellis, John Tracy (1952). ''The Life of James Cardinal Gibbons, Archbishop of Baltimore (1834-1921)''. Milwaukee: The Bruce Publishing Company. [[ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0870611445|&lt;bdi&gt;0870611445&lt;/bdi&gt;]].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Katzer bụkwa onye isi na-emegide òtù nzuzo ndị na-abụghị ndị Katọlik na òtù ụmụnna maka ụmụ nwoke. Ọ kpọrọ oku ka Vatican katọọ ndị Odd Fellows, Knights of Pythias, na Sons of Temperance. Holy Office wepụtara nkatọ nke òtù ndị a na 1894, mana o nyere ndị bishọp ikike n'ịkpọsa ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;ellis&quot;/&gt;

== Ndụ na ọnwụ ==
[[Faịlụ:Frederick_Katzer.jpg|thumb|173x173px|Ebe ili Katzer dị na Saint Francis De Sales Seminary (2005) ]]
Ná mmalite nke Katzer na 1891, achịbishọp ahụ nwere ndị ụkọchukwu 227, ụlọ ụka 268, na ụlọ akwụkwọ 125 iji jeere ndị Katọlik 180,000 ozi.&lt;ref name=&quot;directory1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|date=1891|title=Sadliers' Catholic Directory, Almanac and Ordo|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uenQAAAAMAAJ|location=New York|publisher=D. J. Sadlier &amp; Company}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ka ọ na-erule afọ ikpeazụ ya dị ka achịbishọp na 1903, achịbishọn ahụ nwere ndị ụkọchukwu 329, chọọchị 321, ụlọ akwụkwọ parish 148, na ndị Katọlik 280,861. &lt;ref name=&quot;directory2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|date=1903|title=The Official Catholic Directory|url=https://archive.org/details/officialcatholic1903unse|location=New York|publisher=M. H. Wiltzius &amp; Company}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Frederick Katzer nwụrụ site na ọrịa kansa imeju na Fond du Lac, Wisconsin, na July 20, 1903.  E liri ya na obere ili ozu na ala nke Saint Francis de Sales.

== Ihe odide ==
{{Reflist}}

== Ebe e si nweta ya ==

* {{Cite book|author=Blied|first=Benjamin J.|date=1955|title=Three Archbishops of Milwaukee: Michael Heiss (1818-1890), Frederick Katzer (1844-1903), Sebastian Messmer (1847-1930)|url=https://archive.org/details/threearchbishops0000blie|pages=46–81}}
{{Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milwaukee}}{{Roman Catholic Diocese of Green Bay}}
[[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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'''Frederick Xavier Katzer''' (February 7, 1844 - Julaị 20, 1903) bụ onye ụkọchukwu Katọlik si mba [[Amerika]]. Amụrụ ya na mba [[Austria]], ebe ọ jere ozi dịka Archbishop nke {{ill|Archdiocese of Milwaukee|en}} site n'afọ 1891 ruo 1903. Ọ rụkwarụ ọrụ izizi dịka Bishọp nke {{ill|Diocese of Green Bay|en}} (1886-1891).

== Ndụ na mmalite ==
A mụrụ Katzer na February 7, 1844, na {{ill|Ebensee|en}}, {{ill|Upper Austria|en}} n'ezinaulo Carl na Barbara Katzer. Ha mechara kwaga na {{ill|Gmunden|en}}. Katzer nwetara agụmakwụkwọ ya ebe ahụ, wee hapụ mba ahụ ka ọ na-arụ ọrụ n'ụlọọrụ akwa.  N'afọ 1857, ọ banyere n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ọchịchị ukochukwu nke ndị {{ill|Society of Jesus|en}} na [[Freinberg]] mana ọbụ imuta etu esi akwa akwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;progress&quot;/&gt;

Mgbe Katzer na-agụ akwụkwọ n'ebe ahụ, o zutere Reverend {{ill|Francis Pierz|en}}, onye ozi ọzọ na-arụ ọrụ na American India na [[Minnesota]]. Pierz kpọrọ Kalzer ka ọ gụchaa na seminarị na Minnesota ma gaa rụọ ọrụ dị ka onye ozi ebe ahụ. Site n'enyemaka nke onyinye sitere na {{ill|Leopoldine Society|en}}, Katzer nwere ike ịkwụ ụgwọ maka njem ọ gara aga na Amerika.

Kalzer hapụrụ obodo [[New York]] n'onwa Mee n'afọ 1864 wee gaa Minnesota. N'agbanyeghị na mgbe ọ rutere ebe ahụ, {{ill|Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis|en}} gwara ya na ọ nweghị ike ịkwado ya na agụmakwụkwọ ya; ọbụ oge ahụ ka otulere uche, wee banye agụmakwụkwọ ndị Jesuit nke di n'ebe ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;archdiocese&quot;/&gt; Ọ zutekwara Reverend {{ill|Joseph Salzmann|en}}, onye guzobere {{ill|Saint Francis de Sales Seminary|en}} na Milwaukee. Maka {{ill|Diocese nke Milwaukee|en}} chọrọ ndị ụkọchukwu ndị ọzọ na-asụ German, Salzmann mere ka Katzer kweta imecha ọmụmụ nkà mmụta okpukpe ya ma bụrụ onye ahọpụtara n'ebe ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;archdiocese&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Most Reverend Frederick Xavier Katzer, D.D.|url=https://www.archmil.org/Bishops/Former-Archbishops/Katzer.htm|website={{ill|Archdiocese of Milwaukee|en}}}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ụkọchukwu ==
[[Faịlụ:St._Francis_Xavier_Cathedral,_Green_Bay,_Wisconsin_(cropped).jpg|thumb|{{ill|Saint Francis Xavier Cathedral (Green Bay, Wisconsin)|en}}, 2013 ]]
Mgbe ọ gụchara na Saint Francis de Sales Seminary, echiri Katzer ụkọchukwu nke Milwaukee n'onwa Disemba 21 n'afọ 1866, site n'aka Bishọp {{ill|John Henni|en}}.&lt;ref name=&quot;hierarchy&quot;/&gt; N'afọ 1866, Saltzmann họpụtara Katzer ka ọ kụzie mgbakọ na mwepụ, nkà ihe ọmụma, na nkà mmụta okpukpe.&lt;ref name=&quot;progress&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|date=1897|title=Men of Progress: Wisconsin|url=https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/service/gdc/lhbum/19127/19127.pdf|location=Milwaukee|publisher=The Evening Wisconsin Company|archive-date=2025-12-20|access-date=2025-03-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251220000916/https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/service/gdc/lhbum/19127/19127.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 1867, Katzer kpọtara nne na nna ya ka ha soro ya biri na seminarị, ma emechaa, ha wee soro ya gaa na obodo {{ill|Green Bay|en}} ruo mgbe nna ya nwụrụ n'afọ 1876 na nne ya n'afọ 1895. 

N'ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 1875, e tinyere Katzer na Diocese ọhụrụ nke Green Bay. Nnukwu ukọchukwu {{ill|Francis Xavier Krautbauer|en}} họpụtara Katzer ka ọ bụrụ odeakwụkwọ ya. N'afọ 1881, a kpọrọ ya ka ọ bụrụ onye mbụ n'ulo uka ọhụrụ nke ana akpọ {{ill|Saint Francis Xavier Cathedral (Green Bay, Wisconsin)|en}} N'otu afọ ahụ, Krautbauer họpụtara Katzer ka ọ bụrụ onye isi nke Diocese ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;progress&quot; /&gt;

== Bishọp nke Green Bay ==
Mgbe Krautbauer nwụsịrị, {{ill|Pope Leo XIII|en}} họpụtara Katzer ka ọ bụrụ bishọp nke atọ nke Green Bay n'ọnwa Julaị 13 n'afọ 1886. Ọ natara nsọpụrụ nke ịbụ bishọp n'ọnwa Septemba 21 n'otu afọ ahụ, site n'aka nnukwu ukọchukwu {{ill|Michael Heiss|en}} na ndị ọzọ gụnyere {{ill|John Vertin|en}} na {{ill|John Ireland (bishop)|en}}.&lt;ref name=&quot;hierarchy&quot; /&gt;

N'afọ 1889, ndị na-akwado {{ill|nativism|en}} no na {{ill|Wisconsin Legislature|en}} nyerere iwu {{ill|Bennett Law|en}}, nke manyere ụlọakwụkwọ niile dị na Wisconsin ikuzi nkuzi naanị na asụsụ Bekee. N'oge ahụ, ụlọakwụkwọ ndị ụka Katọlik dị na steeti ahụ na-akụzi nkuzi n'asụsụ dị icheiche nke gụnyere German, Polish na asụsụ ndị ọzọ. Katzer katọrọ iwu ahụ. Na nhoputa ndi ochichi nke afọ 1890, Katzer kwadoro onye ochichi {{ill|George Wilbur Peck|en}}, onye mgbe a họpụtara ya wepụrụ iwu Bennett n'afo 1891.&lt;ref name=&quot;blied&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Benjamin Joseph Blied|title=Three Archbishops of Milwaukee|url=https://archive.org/details/threearchbishops0000blie|year=1955}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Achịbishọp nke Milwaukee ==
[[Faịlụ:James_Gibbons.jpg|thumb|247x247px|Kadinal James Gibbons (1900) ]]
[[Faịlụ:Cahensly_Peter_Paul.jpg|thumb|249x249px|Peter Cahensly (1900) ]]
[[Faịlụ:John_Ireland_(archbishop_of_Saint_Paul).jpg|thumb|249x249px|Achịbishọp John Ireland]]
Mgbe Heiss nwụsịrị na Machị 1890, ndị bishọp nke Wisconsin tụrụ aro ka mmadụ atọ na-asụ German dochie ya na Leo XIII. Ndị kachasị elu ha bụ Kalzer. Otú ọ dị, nhọpụta ya kpaliri mmeghachi omume n'etiti ndị bishọp ndị ọzọ na United States.&lt;ref name=&quot;ellis&quot;/&gt;

N'oge a, e kewara ndị isi Katọlik nke America n'ogige abụọ.

* Ogige ndị ụkọchukwu America chọrọ ka Vatican họpụta onye ụkọchụ na-asụ Bekee nke ga-enyere aka ịbata ndị mbịarambịa Wisconsin n'ime ọha mmadụ America.
* Ogige ndị Conservative, n'okwu a, ndị bishọp nọ na Wisconsin, chọrọ ka onye ụkọchukwu German chekwaa asụsụ na omenala nke ndị Germany.

Ebe Katzer si Austria, ndị America na-emegide ntuli aka ya.[1]  Archbishọp John Ireland nke St.  Dịka Paul si kwuo, akwụkwọ Kadịnal James Gibbons, okwu Katzer bụ &quot;nwoke zuru oke na onye na-eru eru be Achịbiskọp&quot;&quot;.

N'oge nzukọ nke ndị bishọp na July 1890, ogige ndị America nwere ihe ịga nke ọma n'ịmepụta ndepụta nke ndị na-abụghị ndị Germany maka ịbụ achịbishọp nke Milwaukee &lt;ref name=&quot;ellis&quot;/&gt; Ndị Conservative na ndị America zigara ndị ha họpụtara na Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith na Rom. Na Jenụwarị 30, 1891, na mmeri ndị Conservative, Leo XIII họpụtara Katzer dị ka achịbishọp nke atọ nke Milwaukee. &lt;ref name=&quot;hierarchy&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|work=Catholic-Hierarchy.org|title=Archbishop Frederick Francis Xavier Katzer|url=https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bkatzer.html}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bkatzer.html &quot;Archbishop Frederick Francis Xavier Katzer&quot;]. ''Catholic-Hierarchy.org''.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Mgbe a họpụtara ya dị ka archbishọp, Katzer pụtara dị ka onye ndu nke ogige nchekwa nchekwa, nke gụnyere Archbishọp Michael Corrigan nke New York na Bishọp Bernard McQuaid nke Rochester.[1][2]  Na 1899, ndị Conservatives nwetara mmeri ọzọ maka Testem benevolentiae nostrae, iwu Leo XIII.  Katzer gwara ndị mmadụ, &quot;Ndị a na-akpọ Americanism nwere obi ụtọ na ha nwere obi ụtọ na mkpebi nke See na-Ọ dịghị ụzọ anyị nwere ike isi mee ya.&quot;  [1] N'afọ sochirinụ, o zigara Vatican akwụkwọ ozi na-emegide nhọpụta nke Bishọp John J. Keane dị ka Archbishọp nke Dubuque..

Peter Cahensly, onye ahịa Germany bara ọgaranya, zigara Leo XIII akụkọ na-awụ akpata oyi n'ahụ n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 1891. Cahensly kwuru na ndị Katọlik kwagara na United States na-ahapụ okwukwe n'ihi enweghị ndị ụkọchukwu na ụka nke mba ha.&lt;ref name=&quot;ellis&quot;/&gt; Otú ọ dị, ọtụtụ ndị na-ekiri ihe na-emenụ na-arụ ụka banyere izi ezi nke akụkọ Cahensly, otu onye nchịkọta akụkọ akwụkwọ akụkọ boro Katzer ebubo ịbụ &quot;onye na-echebe Cahensly&quot; na &quot;na-agba izu na ike mba ọzọ&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;wanderer&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2012|title=YEARS OF STORM &amp; STRESS: Joseph Matt &amp; Americanism|url=https://www.catholicculture.org/culture/library/handouts/A-Centenary-of-Catholic-Life.pdf|work=The Wanderer}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Katzer mere ebubo ahụ megide Kadịnal Gibbons, onye ndu ndị America.  N'akwụkwọ ahụ, Katzer kwuru, sị, &quot;Echeghị m na m nwere echiche dị iche ... gịnị ka m kwenyere n'ụzọ m ga-esi nọrọ na ha?&quot;  [1] N'August 1891, Katzer gwara Gibbons na ya ewerela pallium..

Katzer bụ onye otu Archbishọp nke Ireland Faribault-Stillwater Plan.  Ọ bụ nnwale mmụta malitere na 1873 na usoro ụlọ akwụkwọ ọha nke Poughkeepsie, New York.  Dị ka atụmatụ a si dị, Archdiocese nke New York ewepụtala ọtụtụ parish na usoro ụlọ akwụkwọ ọha iji nye ụmụ akwụkwọ nkuzi okpukpe na-abụghị ụlọ akwụkwọ.[1].  Corrigan's Katzer na mmegharị mgbochi Vatican.  Na mgbakwunye na akwụkwọ ozi nke Archbishọp Michael Corrigan nke New York megide atụmatụ ahụ, a na-ewere na Ireland etinyela akụkụ abụọ nke ajụjụ nke ụlọ akwụkwọ Rome..&lt;ref name=&quot;ellis&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Ellis|first=John Tracy|title=The Life of James Cardinal Gibbons, Archbishop of Baltimore (1834-1921)|url=https://archive.org/details/lifeofjamescardi0001unse_s3h0|date=1952|location=Milwaukee|publisher=The Bruce Publishing Company|isbn=0870611445}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFEllis1952&quot;&gt;Ellis, John Tracy (1952). ''The Life of James Cardinal Gibbons, Archbishop of Baltimore (1834-1921)''. Milwaukee: The Bruce Publishing Company. [[ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0870611445|&lt;bdi&gt;0870611445&lt;/bdi&gt;]].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Katzer bụkwa onye isi na-emegide òtù nzuzo ndị na-abụghị ndị Katọlik na òtù ụmụnna maka ụmụ nwoke. Ọ kpọrọ oku ka Vatican katọọ ndị Odd Fellows, Knights of Pythias, na Sons of Temperance. Holy Office wepụtara nkatọ nke òtù ndị a na 1894, mana o nyere ndị bishọp ikike n'ịkpọsa ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;ellis&quot;/&gt;

== Ndụ na ọnwụ ==
[[Faịlụ:Frederick_Katzer.jpg|thumb|173x173px|Ebe ili Katzer dị na Saint Francis De Sales Seminary (2005) ]]
Ná mmalite nke Katzer na 1891, achịbishọp ahụ nwere ndị ụkọchukwu 227, ụlọ ụka 268, na ụlọ akwụkwọ 125 iji jeere ndị Katọlik 180,000 ozi.&lt;ref name=&quot;directory1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|date=1891|title=Sadliers' Catholic Directory, Almanac and Ordo|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uenQAAAAMAAJ|location=New York|publisher=D. J. Sadlier &amp; Company}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ka ọ na-erule afọ ikpeazụ ya dị ka achịbishọp na 1903, achịbishọn ahụ nwere ndị ụkọchukwu 329, chọọchị 321, ụlọ akwụkwọ parish 148, na ndị Katọlik 280,861. &lt;ref name=&quot;directory2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|date=1903|title=The Official Catholic Directory|url=https://archive.org/details/officialcatholic1903unse|location=New York|publisher=M. H. Wiltzius &amp; Company}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Frederick Katzer nwụrụ site na ọrịa kansa imeju na Fond du Lac, Wisconsin, na July 20, 1903.  E liri ya na obere ili ozu na ala nke Saint Francis de Sales.

== Ihe odide ==
{{Reflist}}

== Edensibia ==
* {{Cite book|author=Blied|first=Benjamin J.|date=1955|title=Three Archbishops of Milwaukee: Michael Heiss (1818-1890), Frederick Katzer (1844-1903), Sebastian Messmer (1847-1930)|url=https://archive.org/details/threearchbishops0000blie|pages=46–81}}</text>
      <sha1>h6qusnvp1dsihb0npdicmdkx572amzo</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Nyonin Kinsei</title>
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      <text bytes="22239" sha1="6hjao76qpoqyfih3oe6aqzgsy9pasmk" xml:space="preserve">Nyonin Kinsei (女人禁制) bụ okwu n'ozuzu maka ụdị omenala ọha na eze anụmanụ ụmụ nke a na-ahụ na [[Japan]]. &lt;ref name=&quot;ishida&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=石田瑞麿|title=例文仏教語大辞典|date=February 1997|publisher=小学館|isbn=978-4095081113}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=日本国語大辞典|date=2003-01-10|publisher=小学館|isbn=978-4095219011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=歴史民俗用語よみかた辞典|date=August 1998|publisher=[[日外アソシエーツ]]|isbn=978-4816915185}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;daijiten&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=大辞典. 第二十卷|url={{NDLDC|1873528/54}}|accessdate=2017-05-07|publisher=平凡社|pages=96, 97}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;大辞泉&quot;&gt;&quot;Daijisen.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; ịma, ọ na-ezo aka n'omenala ndị na-amachibido ụmụ ekiri n'ebe dị nss (ebe nss, ụlọ nsso, ebe nsso, ebe emee, wdg).[1][2]  N'echiche a, a na-akpọ mpaghara ahụ dị ike (ókè) ihe nkiri ụmụ.[3][4]  Ojiji bụ otu aha na mmachibido iwu ụmụ.

Ọ na-ezo aka na omenala ọha na eze nke na-amachibido ụmụ nwanyị ịbanye, isonye na, ma ọ bụ isonye n'ụzọ ọ bụla ọzọ, na-esite na ihe ndị dị iche na isi ihe ''Mmachibido iwu ụmụ nwanyị'' pụtara (dị ka a hụrụ na Kabuki).

N'ụzọ megidere nke ahụ, a na-akpọ &quot;ndị na-amachibido ndị mmadụ ịbanye&quot; Danshi Kinsei (男子禁制) (dịka, ikpe ekpere na ime emume na Utaki na Okinawa (Ryukyu Kingdom)).

== Mmegide megide iwu &quot;enweghị ụmụ nwanyị kwere&quot; ==

=== Gọọmentị Meiji ===
Na Machị 27, Meiji 5 (May 4, 1872), gọọmentị Meiji kwupụtara na Edo shogunate na ụlọ arụsị na ụlọ arụsị agaghịzi enwe ike Tokugawa Shogunate na ụlọ arụsị ya na ebe arụsị ya, n'ịgbalị ịsọ mpi na ndị ọchịchị ọdịda anyanwụ, nakweere iwu Confucianism nke &quot;ọ dịghị ụmụ nwanyị kwere&quot; (otu n'ime iwu nke nwoke na Five agaghị ekwe omume).  nọdụ ala n'otu oche mgbe ọ dị afọ asaa&quot; (usoro iwu nke Akwụkwọ nke Rites).  (Akwụkwọ nke Rites, iwu ime obodo), amachibidoro ya dị ka otu n'ime ịkpa ókè (&quot;omenala ndị gbagọrọ agbagọ&quot;) nke na-enweghị ajụjụ maka mba nke oge a na-agbalị ịsọ mpi na ndị ọchịchị ọdịda anyanwụ.

=== Iwu &quot;enweghị ụmụ nwanyị kwere&quot; nke Japan Sumo Association n'ime ring ===
Otú ọ dị, akụkụ nke Japan Sumo Association (Grand Sumo) dị iche na ndị a.  Mmalite nke Grand Sumo Tournament bụ Kanjin Grand Sumo, nke emere iji ego maka iwu na-arụ ụlọ ns na ebe nsso oge Edo.  Ka e hụ, na 1872, nnukwu kansụl nke steeti No. 98, ụlọ nsbọ na ụlọ Buddha mechiri ụmụ ekiri, mana meghere maka ịrịgo na njem ala nsso, na-enye ụmụ nwanyị ile Grand Sumo Tournament.  Japan Sumo Association ka na-amachibido ndị eji n'ime ring ma e wezụga oche ndị na-ekiri, mana nke a ma ka ndị na-akwado ụmụ na-ama ha, ebe ọ bụ na ha ngwaọrụ enwe mgbaàmà ma ọ ndị na ha bụ ndị na-ele anya mgbe niile.  E nweela ihe omume nke emetụta anụmanụ.[1]  ụfọdụ ndị nta akụkọ, ndị agha , ndị edemede, na ndị ọzọ akpọwo ka e mesoo ụmụ n'ụzọ ahụ na ụmụ nwoke ma ghara imeso ha dị ka ndị na- ọcha ọcha n'ihi ihe ihe oyiyi &quot;Ọdịnala&quot; na ndabere nke Nkeji edemede 14, Paragraf 1 nke Iwu Japan, nke ekere ókè.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2018-04-28|title=（社説）大相撲の伝統 「女人禁制」を解くとき：朝日新聞デジタル|url=https://www.asahi.com/articles/DA3S13468226.html|accessdate=2021-05-12|work=archive.is|archivedate=2018-04-28|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20180428105250/https://www.asahi.com/articles/DA3S13468226.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=論点：大相撲の「女人禁制」|url=https://mainichi.jp/articles/20180427/ddm/004/070/010000c|accessdate=2021-05-12|work=毎日新聞(2018年4月27日)|language=ja}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mgbe ọ akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na Mahadum Doshisha, Konnichiwa sonyeere mbụ sumo nke Aisin Seiki, na September 2021, onye nta si na Number Web gbara ya ndị ọnụ ma ọnụ ya ọnụ ọnụ &quot;ndị na-agba mgba sumo na-alụ njikọ mmachibido iwu a ụmụ na sumo.  ngosi nnukwu sumo, Ịgba mgba nke Mongolia, sumo amateur sumo dị ka egwuregwu, na votive sumo.  N'etiti ha, echere m na mmachibido iwu ụmụ bụ echiche nke dị naanị na sumo.  Ọ bụ ya mere anyị ji na-ekwu maka etu anyị ga-esi buru ụzọ n'usoro Olympic, kama malite n'egwú sumo.[1]  Mgbe Asahi Shimbun gbara ya ọnụ n'otu ụnwa ahụ, o kwuru, sị, &quot;Adịghị m n'uche mmachibido iwu a ndụ ụmụ na sumo n'ihi na echere m na sumo na-atọ ụtọ dị iche. (Enwere m ohere na sumo ga-etolite dị ka egwuregwu nke oge a. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=強豪実業団の女子相撲部員 「まずは世界一めざす」 今日和選手：朝日新聞デジタル|url=https://www.asahi.com/articles/ASP9K6HLQP9FOIPE01P.html|accessdate=2021-09-27|work=朝日新聞デジタル(2021年9月20日)|date=20 September 2021|language=ja|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927041152/https://www.asahi.com/articles/ASP9K6HLQP9FOIPE01P.html|archive-date=2021-09-27|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Mmegide megide mmachibido iwu ụmụ nwanyị na Omine, Nara Prefecture ===
Na Machị 27, 1872 (1872, May 4), Grand Council of State nyere ọkwa nke 98 nke afọ 5 nke Meiji (1872 May 04), nke kpọsara, &quot;A ga-emechi ụlọ arụsị na ụlọ nsọ Buddhist nye ụmụ nwanyị, na njem njem njem ugwu ugwu, a ga-ahapụkwa ya.  (October 27, 1872), ndị na-arụ ọrụ shugendo nke Ugwu Mine (Omine) na ndịda Nara Prefecture ekweghị ka ịlaghachi n'okpukpe nke Tendai Shingon [[Buddhism]] (Omine) na ndịda Nara Prefecture, ndị ọrụ shugendo na ndị na-emekọ ihe na-aga n'ihu na-anọgide na-ejigide &quot;ọ dịghị ndị inyom na-anabata ya&quot; na saịtị a  abụrụla òtù na-ebuli mmachibido iwu nke ụmụ nwanyị na-abanye n'ugwu ahụ, na n'oge gara aga, e nwere ndị inyom na-agbago ugwu ahụ na nzuzo ma ọ bụ n'agbanyeghị mmegide..

=== Echiche na a ga-anọgide na-amachibido ụmụ nwanyị iwu ===
Ozugbo Agha Pasifik, onye isi nke ndị agha aka nke weghaara Japan gara n'obodo Dorogawa, nke dị n'isi ụzọ, iji ike ka e fra ngalaba ụmụ .  N'oge ahụ, otu okenye nọ n'ahụ za ike, &quot;Ekwela ka a tọ hapụ ụmụ nke mba gị Abbeys n'aka ụmụ,&quot; ma mee ka mma iwu ahụ dịgide..

== Ebe a machibidoro ụmụ nwanyị iwu (ma ọ bụ) na nkwenkwe na omenala ndị Japan ==

=== Ugwu na ebe ndị dị nsọ ===

==== Okpukpe Buddha na ịta ahụhụ n'ugwu ====

* Ugwu Fuji (Yamanashi Prefecture na Shizuoka Prefecture) - Otú ọ dị, e wepụrụ mmachibido iwu ahụ na ngwụcha Oge Edo.
* Tateyama (Toyama Prefecture) - Otú ọ dị, e wepụrụ mmachibido iwu ahụ na 1872 (1872).
* Hakusan (Ishikawa Prefecture na Gifu Prefecture) - Otu ihe ahụ dị n'elu.
* Hiei (Shiga Prefecture, Kyoto Prefecture) - otu ihe ahụ dị n'elu.
* Ugwu Ontake (Nagano Prefecture, Gifu Prefecture) - Otú ọ dị, e wepụrụ mmachibido iwu ahụ n'ihe dị ka 1877 (afọ nke iri nke Meiji).
* Ugwu Kōya (Wakayama Prefecture) - Otú ọ dị, e wepụrụ mmachibido iwu ahụ na 1904 (afọ nke 37 nke Meiji).
* Ugwu Atọ nke Dewa (Yamagata Prefecture) - E wepụrụ mmachibido iwu ahụ na 1997 (Heisei 9). Agbanyeghị, enwere oge ọzụzụ dị iche iche maka ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị.
* Ugwu Ishizuchi (Ehime Prefecture) - Ka ọ dị ugbu a, a na-ekwe ka ụmụ nwanyị bụrụ naanị na July 1, ụbọchị ugwu ahụ meghere.
* Ugwu Ōmine (Nara Prefecture) - A na-ekpuchi ugwu ahụ dum, enwere nnukwu ihe ịrịba ama n'okporo ụzọ. E nwere òtù mmegide.
* Gozan, Dosenji Inner Temple (Okayama) - A na-ewere ụzọ ịta ahụhụ nke na-esi n'ụlọ nzukọ nne dị n'etiti Gozan gaa n'ụlọ nsọ dị n'ime ka a machibidoro ụmụ nwanyị iwu. E nwere ụzọ dị iche nke ụmụ nwanyị na-ekwe ka ha rịgoro.
* Ugwu Tateshina (Nagano Prefecture) - A na-edo Takamimusubi nsọ n'elu ugwu ahụ, mana ebe ọ bụ na ọ bụ Chi nke mmalite oge, a naghị ekwe ka ụmụ nwanyị na-arị ugwu. .

==== Shinto na usoro ofufe ugwu ndị ọzọ ====

* Okinoshima (Fukuoka Prefecture, Munakata City) - Àgwàetiti ahụ dum bụ nke onwe &lt;ref name=&quot;Routledge&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780429265976-4/world-cultural-heritage-women-exclusion-sacred-sites-japan-lindsey-dewitt|title=World Cultural Heritage and women's exclusion from sacred sites in Japan|date=2020-04-02|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-429-26597-6|language=en|doi=10.4324/9780429265976-4|author=Dewitt|first=Lindsey E.|pages=65–86}}&lt;/ref&gt; .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|chapterurl=https://doi.org/10.5040/9781350062887.ch-004|chapter=Island of Many Names, Island of No Name : Taboo and the Mysteries of Okinoshima|publisher=Bloomsbury Academic|language=en|doi=10.5040/9781350062887.ch-004|title=The Sea and the Sacred in Japan : Aspects of Maritime Religion|year=2018|isbn=978-1-3500-6288-7}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Yakushima (Kagoshima Prefecture, Yakushima Town) - A na-ewere Miyanoura na ugwu ndị ọzọ dị n'etiti agwaetiti ahụ dị ka ihe a machibidoro ụmụ nwanyị iwu. .

=== Ememme ndị metụtara Shinto ===

* Ememme Tanabe (Aomori Prefecture, Mutsu City) - N'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, a hapụrụ ụmụ nwanyị ka ha dọrọ ihe ndị ahụ, mana a machibidoro ememme ahụ iwu maka ụmụ nwanyị ma a naghị ekwe ka ha na-agbagharị na ihe ndị ahụ.
* Gantō (Akita City) - A na-ekwe ka ụmụ nwanyị sonye na emume ahụ kemgbe oge Showa, mana ọ bụ naanị ụmụ nwoke ka a na-ekwe iji jide Gantō.
* Gion Matsuri ([[Kyoto|Kyoto (obodo)]] ) - Ụfọdụ n'ime ụgbọ mmiri ahụ nwere ndị inyom na-agụ egwú, mana ndị ọzọ, dị ka ogologo mma agha na-ese n'elu n'isi nke ngagharị ahụ, machibidoro ụmụ nwanyị.
* Hakata Gion Yamakasa (Fukuoka Prefecture) - Otú ọ dị, a na-ekwe ka ụmụ agbọghọ nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ elementrị na ndị na-eto eto sonye na emume ahụ site n'ịdị ka ụmụ nwoke (shimekomi).
* Kishiwada Danjiri Festival (Osaka Prefecture, Kishiwada City) - A na-ekwe ka ụmụ nwanyị dọrọ Danjiri, mana ọ bụghị ịgba ya.
* Ịzụ ehi (Niigata Prefecture, Nagaoka City, nke bụbu Yamakoshi Village) - E wepụrụ mmachibido iwu maka ụmụ nwanyị nwe ehi ịbanye n'ógbè ahụ na Mee 4, 2018, iji dọrọ ehi gburugburu mgbe ngagharị ahụ gasịrị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=新潟・長岡の闘牛場、女性の立ち入りＯＫに 会員増加で：朝日新聞デジタル|url=https://www.asahi.com/articles/ASL5454KGL54UOHB00G.html|accessdate=2020-02-19|work=朝日新聞デジタル(2018年5月4日)|date=4 May 2018|publisher=|language=ja}}&lt;/ref&gt; .

=== Dabere na ndị otu ndị ọrụ nwere nkà pụrụ iche ===

* Sake brewery (Toji) - E nwere ugbu a Toji nwanyị.
* Na mgbanaka na Grand Sumo Tournament (Japan Sumo Association) - Dan n'èzí mgbanaka maka emume ịkpụ ntutu, onyinye, na ekele sitere na Kangen na asọmpi mpaghara, na nkwụsịtụ nwa oge nke Chibikko Sumo. 
** N'[[4 Eprel|Eprel 4]], 2018, n'oge njem na Kyoto Prefecture, Maizuru City, Maiziru Mayor Ryozo Tadami dara n'ime ring mgbe ọ na-agwa ìgwè mmadụ okwu. N'oge a, a mara ọkwa ndị ọrụ ahụike nwanyị batara n'ime ring iji nye nlekọta ahụike mberede iji pụọ na ring. Hakkaku Chancellor rịọrọ Ịgbaghara, onye nke atọ Gyoji onye mere ọkwa ahụ gbara arụkwaghịm na July nke otu afọ ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=三段目格行司の木村昌稔が辞職 - 大相撲 : 日刊スポーツ|url=https://www.nikkansports.com/battle/sumo/news/201807030000552.html|accessdate=2020-02-24|work=nikkansports.com(2018年7月3日)|publisher=|language=ja}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;DeWitt 749&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=DeWitt|first=Lindsey E.|date=September 2021|title=Japan's Sacred Sumo and the Exclusion of Women: The Olympic Male Sumo Wrestler (Part 1)|journal=Religions|language=en|volume=12|issue=9|pages=749|doi=10.3390/rel12090749}}&lt;/ref&gt; .
** &quot;Chibi Sumo&quot; na njem mpaghara akwụsịla kemgbe 2018.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=鶴竜、ちびっこ相撲の取りやめにさみしげ「盛り上がりが少ない」/デイリースポーツ online|url=https://www.daily.co.jp/general/2018/10/28/0011770146.shtml|accessdate=2020-02-24|work=デイリースポーツ online(2018年10月28日)|publisher=|language=ja}}&lt;/ref&gt; .Ihe kpatara nke a bụ na enwere nchegbu banyere Sekitori na-emerụ ahụ n'ihu ụmụ agbọghọ, ụfọdụ n'ime Sekitori, ndị gba ọtọ ma na-eyi mawashi, nwere mgbagwoju anya banyere ihe ha ga-eme mgbe ha na ụmụ agbọghọ ndị okenye na-emekọrịta ihe, ọbụlagodi na ụlọ akwụkwọ elementrị, enwere mkpesa abụọ site n'aka ndị nne na nna nke ụmụ nwoke ahụ sonyere na asọmpi ahụ na ha merụrụ ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=協会からのお知らせ 理事長談話(2018年4月28日)|url=https://www.sumo.or.jp/IrohaKyokaiInformation/detail?id=268|accessdate=2021-10-03|publisher=日本相撲協会}}&lt;/ref&gt; .Na nzukọ rikishi tupu asọmpi May 2019, ọtụtụ rikishi kpọrọ oku maka mweghachi. Yokozuna Tsururyū, onye na-eje ozi dị ka onye isi oche nke òtù ndị na-agba mgba sumo, kwuru, sị, &quot;Ihe a na-arịọkarị bụ maka njem nleta nke asọmpi ahụ. Mgbe m na-eche banyere ọdịnihu nke ụwa sumo na mmekọrịta ya na ndị ahịa, &quot;ka o kwuru, na-arịarịọ ngalaba njem.   &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=鶴竜、ちびっこ相撲復活へ改革案「相撲界の未来を」 - 大相撲 : 日刊スポーツ|url=https://www.nikkansports.com/battle/sumo/news/201905010000639.html|accessdate=2020-02-24|work=nikkansports.com(2018年4月28日)|publisher=|language=ja}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2019-05-01|title=力士会会長の鶴竜「未来のことを考えて」 普及のため、子どもの稽古再開を要望へ|url=https://www.sanspo.com/sports/news/20190501/sum19050118180010-n1.html|accessdate=2020-02-24|work=SANSPO.COM（サンスポ）|language=ja-JP|archivedate=2 May 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502104142/https://www.sanspo.com/sports/news/20190501/sum19050118180010-n1.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2019-05-02|title=力士会、ちびっこ相撲復活を！|url=https://www.sanspo.com/sports/news/20190502/sum19050205010002-n1.html|accessdate=2020-02-24|work=SANSPO.COM（サンスポ）|language=ja-JP}}&lt;/ref&gt; .

== Egwuregwu ndị a (ma ọ bụ ndị a) weere dị ka ndị a machibidoro iwu nye ụmụ nwanyị ==

* Kabuki - A na-ekwe ka ụmụaka na-eme ihe nkiri mee ihe tupu ha agaa ịhụ nsọ mbụ. Ọzọkwa, ka ọ dị ugbu a, a machibidoghị ụmụ nwanyị iwu ime ihe nkiri. 
** N'afọ 1993, Takako Matsu dị afọ iri na isii (nwa nwanyị nke abụọ nke Matsumoto Hakuō II) pụtara na Kabuki-za dị ka Oku na Bunshichi Genbei. N'afọ 2007, Mitsuko Mori pụtara na Ọgbọ nke iri na asatọ Nakamura Kanzaburō na arụmọrụ Ọktoba nke Shimbashi Embujo's &quot;Nishiki-aki Enbujo Matsuri Nakamura Kançaburō Struggle&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=錦秋演舞場祭り 中村勘三郎奮闘 十月大歌舞伎 - 新橋演舞場 (2007年10月) - 歌舞伎公演データベース|url=https://kabukidb.net/show/950|accessdate=2021-09-09|work=kabukidb.net}}&lt;/ref&gt; .Na Disemba 2017, Shinobu Terajima (nwa nwanyị nke Kikugoro Onoe VII) pụtara na 11th Ichikawa Ebizo's experimental stage show, Roppongi Kabuki, Zatoichi. Ọzọkwa, Nakamura Shidō II anọwo na-eme ihe na Cho-Kabuki na ihe oyiyi Hatsune Miku kemgbe 2019 Minami-za performance, ya na nwanyị na-agba egwú nke ụlọ akwụkwọ Fujima (ụlọ akwụkwọ Kanjuro). aha azụmahịa &quot;Hanabiraya&quot; na mgbanwe netwọk ha. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=連載「超歌舞伎 その軌跡（キセキ）と、これから」第十四回|url=https://originalnews.nico/327967|accessdate=2021-09-26|work=ニコニコニュース オリジナル(2021年8月19日)|date=19 August 2021|language=ja}}&lt;/ref&gt; .
** N'ọnwa Mee afọ 2016, Fumimi Imamura mere ihe nkiri na &quot;Bancho Sarayashiki&quot; na National Theatre of Japan. Ọ na-eme ka onye dike.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=前進座五月国立劇場公演|url=http://www.zenshinza.com/stage_guide2/2015kokuritu/index.html|accessdate=2021-08-26|work=www.zenshinza.com|archivedate=2020-11-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129162606/http://www.zenshinza.com/stage_guide2/2015kokuritu/index.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; .
** N'afọ 1983, n'okpuru nlekọta nke Umeyuki Onoe VII, Shou Satou (onye na-ede egwuregwu, onye na-ede ihe nkiri, onye nduzi, prọfesọ na Mahadum Osaka nke Arts Junior College)  Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri &quot;Onna-Kabuki Sho&quot; bụ ndị na-eme egwuregwu, nke nwere naanị ụmụ nwanyị na-eme.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=教員紹介 ｜ メディア・芸術学科 ｜ 学科案内 ｜ 大阪芸術大学短期大学部|url=https://osaka-geitan.jp/departments/mediaarts/teacher.html|accessdate=2021-06-13|work=osaka-geitan.jp|archivedate=2021-06-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210613123440/https://osaka-geitan.jp/departments/mediaarts/teacher.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ndị otu ahụ anọwo na-eme usoro &quot;ihe nkiri oge mara mma&quot; nke amụtala site na nnukwu ihe nkiri kabuki ma hazie ya ka ụmụ nwanyị mee ihe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=女歌舞伎 劇団尚公式ホームページ - 美しすぎる時代劇|url=https://www.okabuki.com/|accessdate=2021-06-13|language=ja}}&lt;/ref&gt; .Na kabuki amateur, ụmụ nwanyị na-emekwa ihe n'elu ikpo okwu, ọbụnakwa e nwere otu kabuki ụmụ nwanyị. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=全国の地芝居（地歌舞伎）調査報告書（平成27年度） {{!}} 文化庁|url=https://www.bunka.go.jp/tokei_hakusho_shuppan/tokeichosa/jishibai_jikabuki/index.html|accessdate=2021-05-19|work=www.bunka.go.jp}}&lt;/ref&gt; .
** E nwere ụlọ akwụkwọ ịgba Egwú ndị Japan nke onye na-eme ihe nkiri kabuki (onye a mụrụ n'ọkwá dị elu ma ọ bụ onye ezinụlọ) guzobere ma onye na-emepụta ihe nkiri kabuk (onye ezinụlọ) duziri ya ruo ọtụtụ ọgbọ, e nwekwara ụmụ nwanyị nke ndị na-eme egwuregwu kabuki na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ndị na-agba egwú Japan. Nwa nwanyị nke okenye na Takako Matsu nke Matsumoto Shiroko nke Abụọ bụ [[Natori (dancer)|Natori]] nke ụlọ akwụkwọ Matsumoto, ebe nwa nwanyị nke okenye da nwa nwanyị nke abụọ nke Ichikawa Danjūrō IX bụ nke abụọ na nke atọ Iemoto nke ụlọ akwụkwọ Ichikawa. Onye isi ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ ugbu a, Ichikawa Juhon (nwa nwanyị nke Ichikawa Danjūrō XI), na-arụkwa ọrụ dị ka onye na-eme ihe nkiri kabuki. Na mgbakwunye, ndị na-eme ihe nkiri kabuki na-apụta mgbe ụfọdụ dị ka ndị ọbịa na ihe ngosi Shinpa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=新派１２０周年 歌舞伎とは深い縁！|url=https://allabout.co.jp/gm/gc/203035/|accessdate=2021-01-04|work=[歌舞伎] All About(2008年5月23日)|publisher=|language=ja}}&lt;/ref&gt;、N'ihi ya, ọtụtụ ụmụ nwanyị nke ndị na-eme ihe nkiri kabuki (Kuriko Namino, Harumoto Yuka, wdg) na ndị na-emepụta ihe nkiri kabuk (Kawai Yukinojo, Kitamura Rokuro, wdg.) debanyere aha na Shinpa Theater Company.
* Nohgaku - A hapụrụ ndị na-eme ihe nkiri Noh ka ha sonye na Nohgaku Association na 1948. E nyere ndị otu Nippon Nohgaku-kai n'afọ 2004. A na-amata ndị otu Japan Nohgaku Society dị ka ndị nwere ihe onwunwe ọdịbendị dị mkpa &quot;Nohgaku&quot; (nkwado zuru oke).

== Ndị ọzọ ==

* Dị ka ihe atụ nke mmachibido iwu nwa oge nke ụmụ nwanyị, na omenala samurai, onye samurai ga-ezere ụmụ nwanyị ụbọchị atọ ma ọ bụ asaa tupu ọ banye n'agha, iji chekwaa ike ya tupu ọ pụọ (n'ezie, a machibidoro ụmụ nwanyị gburugburu samurai ụbọchị ole na ole tupu ọ banye agha).
* Ueizumi Nobutsuna dere n'akwụkwọ ya &quot;Hatsukou&quot; (The Book of War), Vol. 1, &quot;A machibidoro ịkpọbata ụmụ nwanyị n'ogige ahụ&quot;, a machibidoro ụmụ nwanyị ọbụna n'oge agha.  (Mgbe ejikọtara ya na ndị a kpọtụrụ aha n'elu, nke a pụtara na a machibidoro ụmụ nwanyị iwu site n'otu izu tupu na n'oge agha). N'etiti agha, agha ndị a na-atụghị anya ya na ndị a na'atụghị anya ha na mwakpo mberede nwere ike ime. Ewezuga nke a bụ Toyotomi Hideyoshi, onye duuru ndị agha buru ibu na mmeri nke Odawara, ya na ndị iko ya, Yodo-dono na ndị ọzọ (a mụrụ Hideyosh Yodo-dono). Buke (Japan) e ji Bushi]]). Na mgbakwunye, enwere ọtụtụ ihe atụ nke ndị isi agha na-anọnyere ndị nwunye ha n'oge Siege Warfare ma na-agbapụ.

== Danshi Kinsei (A machibidoro ụmụ nwoke iwu) ==
Ihe dị iche na ''nyonin kinsei'' bụ danshi kinsei (ọ dịghị nwoke kwere).

=== Nkwenkwe Ndị E kweere ===
Dị ka ihe atụ nke okpukpe na okwukwe, ikpe ekpere na ime ememe na Utaki na Okinawa abụwo ọrụ pụrụ iche nke ndị ụkọchukwu nwanyị a na-akpọ Noro (onye ụkọchụ) kemgbe oge ochie, a machibidoro ụmụ nwoke iwu.

Otú ọ dị, n'oge a, e nwere ọtụtụ ebe ebe a na-amachibidoghị ike n'ama nsso ahụ ma e wezụga n'oge ofufe onye, ​​mana nke a bụ ihe maka njem njem (dị ka Saiba Utaki).  Ebe nss nke Utaki, nke ndị ndu na-achịkwa, mechiri emechi machibido ya iwu maka ụmụ nwoke.

Mmachibido iwu nke ndị na-abụghị ndị eze n'obí eze zuru ụwa ọnụ. N'ọchịchị ndị China, a na-achịkwa ndị ọnaozi n'ụzọ siri ike, ọrụ ha sitere na ọrụ ndị ụkọchukwu, ọrụ dị iche iche, na ije ozi n'ụlọ ikpe, gụnyere obí eze dị n'ime, ruo na nchekwa, ọrụ nzuzo, agụmakwụkwọ nke ezinụlọ eze, na njikwa égbè.

== Hụkwa ==

* Ugwu Ōmine
* Shugendō
* Iwu
* Mmachibido iwu maka ịhụ nsọ
* Ịbụ onye inyom
* Ndị kpuru ìsì

== Ihe odide ==

* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]
* Junko Minamoto (ed.), &quot;Nyonin kinsei&quot; Q &amp; A, Kaiho Shuppansha, 2005.

=== Ihe ndị e dere n'akwụkwọ ===
{{Reflist}}
[[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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    <title>Nyambura Njoroge</title>
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      <text bytes="10691" sha1="qirbp4xjcc0ov88uvih490tbh3m2ddl" xml:space="preserve">Nyambura J. Njoroge bụ ọkà mmụta okpukpe nwanyị na Kenya na onye ndu ecumenical. Ọ bụ nwanyị Kenya mbụ e chiri echichi na Presbyterian Church of East Africa na 1982.[1] Ọ bụ onye Afrịka mbụ rụrụ ọrụ na World Alliance of Reformed Churches site na 1992 ruo 1998 mgbe ọ sonyeere World Council of Churches. Ọ bụ onye ntọala nke Circle of Concerned African Women Theology na onye otu isi Kenya.[2][3] Ọ bụ onye otu ANERELA +[4] (African Network of Religious Leaders bi na HIV na AIDS na-emetụta ma ọ bụ nke onwe ya).[5][6] O deziri Talitha Cum! Theology of African Women, with Musa Dube.[7] Na 1992, ọ ghọrọ nwanyị Afrịka mbụ nwetara nzere PhD na Seminary Theological Princeton.[8] Ọ bụ nwanyị Afrịka mbụ gụrụ nzere bachelọ na Divinity na Mahadum St.Pauls, Limuru, Kenya.

== Oge ọ malitere ==
A mụrụ Nyambura na 4 Disemba 1956 n'aka Mary Muthoni wa Waruguru na Gacomba, na Rev. Daniel Githanji wa Gitogo. Ọ bụ nwa ikpeazụ a mụrụ n'ezinụlọ nwere ụmụ nwanyị itoolu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=wfn.org {{!}} WCC Feature: Responding to HIV with faith and courage|url=https://archive.wfn.org/2012/01/msg00064.html|accessdate=2022-07-27|work=archive.wfn.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nne ya bụ onye na-amụ nwa na Nginda na Murang'a, na onye ndú na Presbyterian Church of East Africa Women's Guild &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Woman's Guild|url=https://pcea.or.ke/womans-guild/|accessdate=2024-07-09|work=Presbyterian Church Of East Africa|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; na obodo.

== Mmụta ==
N'afọ 1978, Nyambura debara aha na Mahadum St Paul, Kenya, na mbụ St. Paul's United Theological College. Ọ bụ nwanyị Africa mbụ nwetara nzere bachelọ nke Divinity.[1] Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na 1980.[2][3] Echiri ya echichi dịka onye ozi nke okwu na sacrament na Presbyterian Church of East Africa na 5 Septemba 1982. Ọ bụ nwanyị mbụ e chiri echichi na ụka.[4][5]. Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ Presbyterian Louisville na Kentucky. Na 1992, ọ ghọrọ nwanyị Afrịka mbụ nwetara PhD na Seminary Theological Princeton. Ngụ akwụkwọ ya bụ &quot;African Theology and Christian Social Ethics&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;oikoumene.org&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=AIDS: &quot;Do we have the courage to step out and take the lead?&quot;|url=https://www.oikoumene.org/news/aids-do-we-have-the-courage-to-step-out-and-take-the-lead|accessdate=2022-07-27|work=World Council of Churches|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
Nyambura bụ onye isi mmemme maka mmemme World Council of Churches' (WCC) na Ecumenical HIV and AIDS Initiatives and Advocacy tupu ọ laa ezumike nká na Jenụwarị 2022.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Lowrey|first=Stephanie|date=2020-05-22|title=9 African Women Theologians You Should Know About|url=https://theglobalchurchproject.com/african-women-theologians-you-should-know-about/|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=2021-02-08|work=The GlobalChurch Project|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Teaching men all about women|url=https://www.churchtimes.co.uk/articles/2014/11-april/features/features/teaching-men-all-about-women|accessdate=2021-02-08|work=www.churchtimes.co.uk}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Responding to HIV with faith and courage|url=https://www.oikoumene.org/news/responding-to-hiv-with-faith-and-courage|accessdate=2021-02-08|work=World Council of Churches|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na WCC's Ecumenical HIV and AIDS Initiative and Advocacy  (EHAIA) site na 2002, nke a malitere n'otu afọ ahụ dị ka Ecumenical VIH and AIDS Initiative na Africa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=HIV &amp; AIDS, Reproductive Health and Pandemics {{!}} World Council of Churches|url=https://www.oikoumene.org/what-we-do/ehaia|accessdate=2024-07-09|work=www.oikoumene.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Kemgbe afọ 2007, ọ bụ onye nhazi EHAIA maka World Council of Churches . &lt;ref name=&quot;oikoumene.org&quot; /&gt; N'oge mkparịta ụka okpukpe na HIV n'abalị nke 19th International AIDS Conference na July 21, na ndị bịara na-abụ abụ ma na-ekwe nkwa ime ihe ha ga-eme iji &quot;gbanwee&quot; megide HIV na AIDS; Nyambura kwuru na ọrịa ahụ karịrị nsogbu ahụike ma nwee mmekọrịta mmekọrịta mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya. Ọ bụ onye Afrịka mbụ rụrụ ọrụ na World Alliance of Reformed Churches site na 1992 ruo 1998 mgbe ọ sonyeere WCC. Ọ bụ onye guzobere Circle of Concerned African Women Theologians na onye otu Kenya chapter. &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Fiedler|first=NyaGondwe|title=A History of the Circle of Concerned African Women Theologians 1989-2007.|url=https://archive.org/details/historyfocircleo0000fied|publisher=Mzuni Press|year=2017|pages=[https://archive.org/details/historyfocircleo0000fied/page/59 59]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụkwa onye otu ANERELA+ (African Network of Religious Leaders na-ebi ma ọ bụ na-emetụta HIV na AIDS.  &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2013-01-01|title=Nyambura J. Njoroge|url=https://sojo.net/biography/nyambura-j-njoroge|accessdate=2021-02-08|work=Sojourners|language=EN}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Njoroge|first=Nyambura|date=2009|title=Gender, Justice, Ministry and Healing|url=https://www.progressio.org.uk/sites/default/files/HIV+gender_2009_0.pdf|journal=Progressio|volume=3|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240624205723/https://www.progressio.org.uk/sites/default/files/HIV+gender_2009_0.pdf|archive-date=2024-06-24|access-date=2025-03-18|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Talitha na nkà ihe ọmụma ==
O deziri Talitha Cum! Theology of African Women, with Musa Dube.[1] Nyambura Njoroge guzobere Talitha cum nkà mmụta okpukpe na-akwado ikike nke ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ agbọghọ, usoro ọgụ na-egbochi ike ụmụ nwanyị na mmepe gụnyere nna ochie, ikpe na-ezighị ezi nke nwoke na nwanyị, nkà mmụta okpukpe, atumatu, ọchịchị, na nhazi ọha mmadụ. Ọ bụ onye na-akwado ụmụ nwanyị na-akwado usoro ndụ ụmụ nwanyị, ụkpụrụ, na ugwu site na ịma aka omenala na mmekọrịta ọha na eze, ụkpụrụ, na usoro na-emegbu ụmụ nwanyị na-egbochi ha ịnweta ohere ndị yiri ya dị ka ndị nwoke na ọha mmadụ.

Dị ka onye otu International Network of Religious Leaders Living with and Personally Affected by HIV &amp; AIDS (INERELA +) [https://web.archive.org/web/20250222085909/https://inerela.org/about/#:~:text=INERELA%2B%20is%20an%20international%2C%20interfaith,or%20personally%20affected%20by%20HIV.], ọ bụ onye na-eme ihe megide ịkpa ókè, ịta ahụhụ, ịkpa ókè na ikpe na-ezighị ezi megide ndị HIV / AIDS metụtara, na-agba ume ọmịiko, ịhụnanya na nlekọta maka ndị merụrụ ahụ. Ọ na-aga n'ihu na-ekwusi ike ma na-ekwu maka otu nsogbu, ọrịa, na ọrịa na-efe efe dị ka HIV / AIDS na COVID-19 si emetụta ụmụ nwanyị n'etiti ọha mmadụ.

Ọ bụ onye ọsụ ụzọ n'omume ụmụ nwanyị nke Ndị Kraịst Africa maka nnwere onwe na mgbanwe site na nkà mmụta okpukpe mmegbu na nke na-eweda ala nke na-akwalite ihe kpatara nna ochie na ụka na ụlọ ọrụ nkà mmụta okpukpe. Ọ lụrụ ọgụ maka mgbanwe nke ụlọ ọrụ okpukpe na nke okpukpe dị ka ngwá ọrụ iji tọhapụ ụmụ nwanyị site na enweghị nhata, ime ihe ike, na ikpe na-ezighị ezi kama ịbụ ike na-eme ka ikpe na-enweghị nhata nwoke na nwanyị dịkwuo ukwuu. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na EHAIA na-ejikọta ụka, ndị nwere mmasị na ndị na-eme iwu iji nye nzaghachi njikọ ụka ma nye ngwọta maka ihe kpatara ọrịa na-efe efe dị ka HIV / AIDS, yana inye olileanya, ọmịiko, na nkwado maka ndị merụrụ ahụ, ìgwè ndị a na-akparaghị ókè, na ndị ọrịa HIV / AIDS metụtara maka mgbanwe nke ọha mmadụ.

== Onyinye ==
Onyinye Mercy Amba Oduyoye Global Leadership, 2019

Ihe nrite Circle Community Champion, 2019&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Juma|first=Dorcas Chebet|url=https://fis.uni-bamberg.de/handle/uniba/50019|title=That all may live! : essays in honour of Nyambura J. Njoroge|date=2021|publisher=University of Bamberg Press|isbn=978-3-86309-811-7|pages=14|doi=10.20378/irb-50019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==

* Akwụkwọ nta Nyambura nke akpọrọ &quot;In Remembrance of HER&quot; nke Ssali Publishing House, South Africa bipụtara, nwere okwu isi ya na nnọkọ agụmakwụkwọ na Mahadum Presbyterian nke East Africa (PUEA) na 5 Septemba 2022. Nzukọ ahụ mekwara ncheta afọ iri anọ nke ndị ụkọchukwu nwanyị na Presbyterian Church of East Africa.
* Njikọ Chọọchị na Mmụta Okpukpe n'Africa (2004) 
* N'elu Ahụhụ na Ịkwa Ụba: Theology of Hope and Life (2008) 
* Daughtexacerbatesrica nụrụ oku maka ikpe ziri ezi, udo, na izu oke nke ndụ (2013) 
* Ụzọ Ọhụrụ nke Ime ka Ọdịdị Ukwu dị mfe: Ihe mmụta sitere n'aka Ndị Nkụzi okpukpe Africa (2005) 
* Mgbanwe Ọzụzụ Okpukpe nke Ndị Minista (2009) 
* Nkwekọrịta Mmekọrịta Katọlik (2009) &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title='To Engage in God's Mission of Struggle for Abundant Life': Nyambura Jane Njoroge's Ecumenical Theological Education Vision for African Christianity 1 {{!}} Request PDF|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344859423|accessdate=2021-08-26|work=ResearchGate|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ntụziaka agụmakwụkwọ nkà mmụta okpukpe na ọzụzụ ndị ozi
* Mmụta nkà mmụta okpukpe na ime ihe mmụta okpukpe nkuzi sitere n'oge gara aga
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Kiama Kia Ngo: Onye African Christian Feminist Ethic of Resistance and Transformation. Legon Theological Studies Series Project na mmekorita ya na Asempa Publishers, Accra.
* Ịchọta Ụzọ Ndị Kraịst ga-esi Kwalite Ịdị n'Otu na Mmụta Okpukpe na Ọzụzụ Ndị Minista
* Theologizing n'oge Labour Pains: Women, Children and War in the Bible
* Mmụọ nke Nnupụisi na Mgbanwe
* Njikọ na Ọrụ Chineke na Africa Taa.&quot;Na Njikọ na Ọrụ Chineke n'Africa Taa: Akwụkwọ na Akụkọ nke Nkwurịta Okwu nke Ụmụ nwanyị na Ụmụ nwoke Africa nke Omenala Ndozigharị 9-15
* Mmụta Okpukpe na Chọọchị n'Africa Taa
* Ịchụ ụfụ na Ịchụ Ụfụ Ọrụ
* Olu Na-efu efu: Ụmụ nwanyị Africa na-eme nkà mmụta okpukpe
* Nkwa na Ozi nke Mmụọ Nsọ: Inye ndị Afrịka ike ịchọ izu oke nke ndụ
* Ọ bụghị nhọrọ: Ozi nwere na maka ndị nwere nkwarụ
* Gbanwee n'ebe Chineke nọ - Nwee obi ụtọ n'Olileanya
* Bịa Ugbu a, Ka Anyị Kparịtara
* Talitha Cum! ruo puku afọ ọhụrụ: nkwubi okwu
* Iweghachi Ihe Nketa Anyị nke Ike: Ịchọpụta Olu Okpukpe Anyị &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

== Edemsibia ==

[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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[[Faịlụ:Papyrus49reverso.jpg|thumb|Papyrus 49, ihe odide nke narị afọ nke atọ nke Epistle to the Ephesians]]
{{Databox}}'''Akwụkwọ ozi e degaara Ndị Efesọs''' bụ akwụkwọ nke iri nke Agba Ọhụrụ.Dịka ederede ya si kwuo, ọ bụSkiwa Pọl onyeozi dere akwụkwọ ozi ahụ, nke Ndị Kraịst nabatara n'ọdịnala. Otú ọ dị, malite na afo nke 1792, ụfọdụ ndị ọkà mmụta ekwuola na akwụkwọ ozi ahụ bụ n'ezie Deutero-Pauline, nke pụtara na ọ bụ pseudepigrapha nke e dere n'aha Pọl site n'aka onye edemede mechara nwee mmetụta siri ike n'echiche Pọl. Dị ka otu akwụkwọ sayensị si kwuo, o yikarịrị ka &quot;onye na-eso ụzọ na-eguzosi ike n'ihe dere akwụkwọ ozi ahụ iji chịkọta ozizi Pọl ma tinye ya n'ọrụ na ọnọdụ ọhụrụ afọ iri na ise ruo iri abụọ na ise mgbe ọnwụ nke onyeozi ahụ gasịrị&quot;.   &lt;ref name=&quot;Ehrman 2004 381–384&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Ehrman|first=Bart D.|authorlink=Bart D. Ehrman|title=The New Testament: A Historical Introduction to the Early Christian Writings|year=2004|publisher=Oxford|location=New York|isbn=0-19-515462-2|pages=381–84}}&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;ref name=&quot;PerrinDuling1982&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Perrin|first=Norman|authorlink=Norman Perrin|title=The New Testament: An Introduction|edition=2nd|year=1982|publisher=Harcourt Brace Jovanovich|location=New York|isbn=0-15-565726-7|pages=[https://archive.org/details/newtestamentintr0000perr_2ed/page/218 218–22]|url=https://archive.org/details/newtestamentintr0000perr_2ed/page/218}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Isiokwu ==
Dịka onye ọkà mmụta Agba Ọhụrụ Daniel Wallace si kwuo, enwere ike ikwu isiokwu ahụ n'ụzọ doro anya dịka &quot;Ndị Otu Kraịst, na-emekọrịta ihe! Nọgide na-enwe ịdị n'otu nke Kraịst mere site na ọnwụ nke ya&quot;.

Isiokwu ọzọ dị mkpa n'ime Ndị Efesọs bụ idebe ahụ Kraịst (ya bụ, Chọọchị) dị ọcha ma dịkwazi nsọ. {{S-start}}
{{S-hou|[[Pauline epistles|Pauline]] Prison [[Epistles|Epistle]]|||}}
{{S-bef|before=[[Epistle to the Galatians|Galatians]]}}
{{S-ttl|title=&lt;small&gt;[[New Testament]]&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;[[Books of the Bible]]}}
{{S-aft|after=[[Epistle to the Philippians|Philippians]]}}
{{s-end}}N'akụkụ nke abụọ nke akwụkwọ ozi ahụ, Ndị Efesọs 4:17-6:20, onye dere ya nyere ndụmọdụ bara uru banyere otu esi ebi ndụ dị nsọ, dịkwa zi ọcha, na nke sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ nke Kraịst. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ephesians+4&amp;version=NIV|title=Bible passage: Ephesians 4 – New International Version|work=Bible Gateway|accessdate=2020-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe ndị mejupụtara ya ==
Dịka ọdịnala si kwuo, Pọl onyeozi dere akwụkwọ ozi ahụ mgbe ọ nọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ na obodo Rom (n'ihe dị ka AD nke iri isii na abuo). Nke a ga-abụ ihe dịka otu oge ahụ dị ka Epistle to the Colossians (nke n'ọtụtụ ihe yiri ya) na Epistle maka Philemon. Otú ọ dị, ọtụtụ ndị ọkà mmụta nkatọ ajụla onye dere akwụkwọ ozi ahụ ma na-atụ aro na enwere ike ide ya n'etiti  afo AD iri asato na afo nari.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ehrman 2004 381–384&quot;/&gt;

=== Onye dere ya ===
{{Epistle to the Ephesians}}Amaokwu mbụ dị n'akwụkwọ ozi ahụ na-akọwazikwa Pọl dịka onye dere ya. Ọ bụ ezie na ndepụta mbụ nke akwụkwọ Agba Ọhụrụ, gụnyere iberibe Muratorian na ikekwe akwụkwọ Marcion (ma ọ bụrụ na a ga-ejikọta ya na Epistle degara Ndi Laodiceans), na-ekwu na akwụkwọ ozi ahụ bụ nke e degara Pọl, &lt;ref name=&quot;Bruce142&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Bruce|first=F. F.|authorlink=F. F. Bruce|title=The Canon of Scripture|url=https://archive.org/details/canonofscripture0000bruc|date=1988|publisher=InterVarsity Press|location=Downers Grove, IL|isbn=978-0-83081258-5|pages=[https://archive.org/details/canonofscripture0000bruc/page/142 142], 158–60}}&lt;/ref&gt; n'oge na-adịbeghị anya, enwere ike ịma aka nye onye edemede Pauline na-adabere na njikọ nke akwụkwọ ozi ahụ na-abụghị nke Ndi Pauline, ederede, na Eschatology. &lt;ref name=&quot;HarperCollinsSB&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=The HarperCollins Study Bible|url=https://archive.org/details/harpercollinsstu0000unse_m2w2|edition=rev.|date=2006|publisher=HarperCollins|location=New York|isbn=978-0-06122840-7|editor=Attridge|pages=[https://archive.org/details/harpercollinsstu0000unse_m2w2/page/1982 1982]–83}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Onye ọkà mmụta Baibulu Harold Hoehner, na-enyocha nkọwa nke nari abuo na iri asaa na iteghete e dere n'etiti afo 1519 na afo nke 2001, chọpụtara na Pesenti 54% kwadoro onye edemede Pauline, pecenti iri ató na iteghete kwubiri megide onye edemede Paulo na pesenti asaa nọgidere na-ejighị n'aka. Norman Perrin na Dennis C. Duling chọpụtara na n'ime ihe odide isii ndị ọkà mmụta nwere ikike, &quot;anọ n'ime isii ahụ na-ekpebi aha nzuzo, na abụọ ndị ọzọ (Peake's Commentary on the Bible na Jerome Biblical Commentary) ghọtara ihe isi ike n'ịnọgide na-ede Pauline. &quot;N'ezie, ihe isi ike ahụ enweghi ike ngwọta. &quot;  Onye ọkà mmụta Baibulu Raymond E. Brown na-ekwusi ike na ihe dị ka Pesenti iri asato nke ndị ọkà mmụta nkatọ na-ekpe ikpe na Pọl edeghị Ndị Efesọs. &lt;ref name=&quot;PerrinDuling1982&quot;/&gt;: p.47 

E nwezikwara echiche anọ dịkwazi mkpa na agụmakwụkwọ Baibulu nke na-ekwu maka ajụjụ onye edemede nke Pauline.

* Echiche ọdịnala na Paul dere akwụkwọ ozi ahụ na-akwado ndị ọkà mmụta gụnyere Ezra Abbot, Ragnar Asting, Markus Barth, F. F. Bruce, A. Robert, na André Feuillet, Gaugler, Grant, Harnack, Haupt, Fenton John Anthony Hort, Klijn, Johann David Michaelis, A. Van Roon, Sanders, Schille, Klyne Snodgrass, John R. W. Stott, Frank Thielman, Daniel B. Wallace, Brooke Foss Westcott, na Theodor Zahn. Maka ịgbachitere onye edemede Pauline nke Ndị Efesọs, lee Ndị Efesọs: An Exegetical Commentary, Harold Hoehner, peeji nke 2-61. &amp;nbsp;
* Ọnọdụ nke abụọ na-egosi na Pọl kwuru akwụkwọ Efesọs site na ntinye nke onye edemede ọzọ. Ụfọdụ n'ime ndị ọkà mmụta na-akwado echiche a gụnyere Albertz, Benoit, Cerfaux, Goguel, Harrison, H. J. Holtzmann, Murphy-O'Connor, na Wagenführer.
* Ìgwè nke atọ chere na o yighị ka Pọl dere Akwụkwọ Efesọs. N'etiti otu a bụ Allan, Beare, Brandon, Rudolf Bultmann, Conzelmann, Dibelius, Goodspeed, Kilsemann, J. Knox, W.L. Knox. Kümmel, K na S Lake, Marxsen, Masson, Mitton, Moffatt, Nineham, Pokorny, Schweizer, na J. Weiss.
* Ka ndị ọkà mmụta ndị ọzọ na-atụ aro na enweghị ihe akaebe doro anya. Ụfọdụ n'ime otu a bụ Cadbury, Julicher, McNeile, na Williams.

=== Ebe, ụbọchị, na ebumnuche nke ide akwụkwọ ozi ahụ ===
Ọ bụ ezie na ọtụtụ nsụgharị Bekee na-egosi na e degaara &quot;ndị senti nọkwa zi n'Efesọs&quot; (1:1), okwu &quot;n'Efesọs&quot;) apụtaghị na ihe odide kacha mma na nke mbụ nke akwụkwọ ozi ahụ, na-eduga ọtụtụ ndị nkatọ ederede, dị ka Bart Ehrman, ile okwu ndị ahụ anya dị ka interpolation.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ehrman 2004 381–384&quot;/&gt; Enweghị ihe ọ bụla e zoro aka n'ime Efesọs n'ihe odide ndị mbụ nwere ike ime ka Marcion, onye jụrụ okwukwe nke narị afọ nke abụọ nke mepụtara akwụkwọ Agba Ọhụrụ mbụ, kwere na e zigara akwụkwọ ozi ahụ na chọọchị dị na mba Laodicea. Maka nkọwa nke a, hukwazi ozi e degaara ndi Laodiceans . &lt;ref name=&quot;Bruce142&quot;/&gt;

Ọzọkwa, ọ bụrụ na a na-ewere Pọl dịka onye dere ya, ọdịdị na-abụghị nke onwe nke akwụkwọ ozi ahụ, nke na-enweghị ekele onwe onye maọbụ ihe ọ bụla na-egosi na onye dere ya nwere ihe ọmụma onwe onye banyere ndị natara ya, ekwekọghị na akụkọ dị n'Ọrụ Pọl nke nọrọ ihe karịrị afọ abụọ n' mba Efesọs.&lt;ref name=&quot;OBrien5&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=O'Brien|first=Peter T.|authorlink=Peter O'Brien (theologian)|date=1999|title=The Letter to the Ephesians|url=https://archive.org/details/lettertoephesian0000unse_i7k0|publisher=Eerdmans|location=Grand Rapids, Michigan|series=The Pillar New Testament Commentary|isbn=978-0-80283736-3|editor=Carson}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ihi ihe ndị a, ọtụtụ ndị na-ewere ndị Efesọs dịka akwụkwọ ozi dị gburugburu maka ọtụtụ ụka. &lt;ref name=&quot;OBrien5&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;HarperCollinsSB&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Snodgrass|first=Klyne|authorlink=Klyne Snodgrass|series=The NIV Application Commentary|title=Ephesians|url=https://archive.org/details/ephesians0000snod|date=1996|publisher=Zondervan|isbn=978-0-31049340-2}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jerusalem Bible na-ekwu na ụfọdụ ndị nkatọ na-eche na okwu &quot;ndị bụ&quot; ga-esochi ya na oghere iji jupụta na aha &quot;ụlọ ụka ọ bụla a na-ezigara akwụkwọ ozi ahụ&quot;.

Ọ bụrụ na Pọl bụ onye dere akwụkwọ ozi ahụ, mgbe ahụ, ọ ga-abụ na e si na Rom dee ya n'oge mbụ a tụrụ Pọl mkpọrọ,  ma eleghị anya n'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe ọ bịarutere ebe ahụ n'afọ iri isii na abuo, ya bù afọ anọ mgbe ya na ndị okenye Efesọs kewara na Miletus. Otú ọ dị, ndị ọkà mmụta na-arụ ụka na onye dere Pọl dere akwụkwọ ozi ahụ na-ekwu na ọ dị n'agbata AD afo iri asaa na iri asato.&lt;ref name=&quot;barth&quot;&gt;[[Markus Barth]], Ephesians: Introduction, Translation, and Commentary on Chapters 1–3 (New York: Doubleday &amp; Co., 1974), 50–51&lt;/ref&gt; N'ọnọdụ nke ikpeazụ, ebe onye dere ya nwere ike ịbụ n'ime chọọchị Efesọs n'onwe ya. Ignatius nke Antiọk yiri ka ọ maara nke ọma akwụkwọ ozi o degaara ndị Efesọs, ma gosipụta ọtụtụ echiche nke ya n'akwụkwọ ozi nke ya onwe ya degaara ndị mba Efesọs.

== Nkọwa ==
[[Faịlụ:São_Paulo_(1740)_-_Vieira_Lusitano_(FRESS,_Inv._848).png|thumb|''Saint Paul'', 1740, nke Vieira Lusitano sere. E gosipụtara onye nsọ ahụ na-ekwusa ozi ọma, na-ejide akụkụ nke Epistle to the Ephesians (&quot;avaritia est idolorum servitus&quot;, Eph. 5:5) n'aka ekpe ya.]]

* '''Ndị Efesọs 1:1-2.''' ekele, site na Pọl gaa na chọọchị Efesọs.
* '''Ndị Efesọs 1:3-2:10.''' Akụkọ zuru oke banyere ngọzi ndị Oziọma ahụ kpughere. Nke a gụnyere isi iyi nke ngọzi ndị a, ụzọ e si enweta ha, ihe mere e ji nye ha, na nsonaazụ ikpeazụ ha. Akụkụ nile nke Efesọs 1:3-23 nwere nanị ahịrịokwu abụọ dị ogologo ma dị mgbagwoju anya na Grik mbụ. Ọ na-ejedebe na Ekpere siri ike maka ọgaranya ime mmụọ nke ndị Efesọs.
* '''Ndị Efesọs 2:11-3:21.''' Nkọwa nke mgbanwe n'ọnọdụ ime mmụọ nke Ndị Jentaịl n'ihi ọrụ Kraịst. Ọ na-ejedebe na akụkọ banyere otu esi ahọrọ Pọl ma ruo eru ịbụ onyeozi nye ndị Jentaịl, na-enwe olileanya na nke a ga-eme ka ha ghara inwe nkụda mmụọ ma mee ka ọ kpee ekpere maka ha.
* '''Ndị Efesọs 4:1-16.''' Isiokwu banyere ịdị n'otu n'etiti onyinye dị iche iche n'etiti ndị kwere ekwe.
* '''Ndị Efesọs 4:17-6:9.''' Ntuziaka banyere ndụ nkịtị na mmekọrịta dị iche iche.
* '''Ndị Efesọs 6:10-24.''' Ihe oyiyi nke Agha ime mmụọ (gụnyere ihe atụ nke Armor of God), ọrụ nke Tychicus, na ngọzi ekele.

== Ntọala nke chọọchị ahụ di n'Efesọs ==
E dekọrọ nleta mbụ na ngwa ngwa Pọl gara Efesọs n'ime ọnwa atọ n'Ọrụ 18:19-21. Ọrụ ọ malitere n'oge a bụ nke Apollos  na Akwila ya na Priscilla gara n'ihu. Na nleta nke abụọ ya na mbido afọ sochirinụ, ọ nọrọ n'Efesọs &quot;afọ atọ&quot;, n'ihi na ọ chọpụtara na ọ bụ isi ihe maka mpaghara ọdịda anyanwụ nke Asia Minor. N'ebe a, e meghere ya &quot;ọnụ ụzọ dị ukwuu ma dịkwazi irè&quot;,  ma guzobe chọọchị ahụ ma wusie ya ike site na ịrụsi ọrụ ike n'ebe ahụ.  Site n'Efesọs, ozioma ahụ gbasara na mba ofesi &quot;ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ na mba Eshia niile. &quot;  Okwu ahụ &quot;tooro ma nwee mmeri&quot; n'agbanyeghị mmegide na mkpagbu niile ọ zutere n’uzo.

Na njem ikpeazụ ya gaa [[Jerusalem]], onyeozi ahụ rutere Miletus ma, na-akpọkọta ndị okenye nke ụka site n'Efesọs, nye ha ebubo nke ọma,  na-atụ anya na ọ gaghị ahụ ha ọzọ.

Enwere ike ịchọta ihe ndị na-esonụ yiri n'etiti akwụkwọ ozi a na ebubo Milesian:

# Ọrụ 20:19 = Ndị Efesọs 4:2. Okwu ahụ bụ &quot;obi dị ala&quot;.
# Ọrụ 20:27  = Ndị Efesọs 1:11  Okwu ahụ bụ &quot;onye ndụmọdụ&quot;, nke na-egosi atụmatụ Chineke.
# Ọrụ 20:32  = Ndị Efesọs 3:20  Ikike nke chi.
# Ọrụ 20:32 = Ndị Efesọs 2:20. Ihe owuwu dị n'elu ntọala.
# Ọrụ 20:32 = Ndị Efesọs 1:14,18 &quot;Ihe nketa nke ndị senti.

== Ebumnuche ==
Ebumnuche nke akwụkwọ ozi ahụ, na onye e dere ya, bụ ihe ọtụtụ ịkọ nkọ.:: 229  C.H. Dodd weere ya dị ka &quot;okpueze nke Paulinism. &quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;Bruce&quot; /&gt;:: 229  N'ozuzu, a mụrụ ya site na ọnọdụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na ọnọdụ nke onye edemede na ndị na-ege ntị. N'ịbụ onye malitere n'ọnọdụ nke ụka nwere ọdịbendị dị iche iche (nke bụ isi [[Jew|Ndị Juu]] na Ndị Gris), onye edemede ahụ kwuru okwu ndị dabara na okpukpe na ọdịbendị ọdịbendị di iche iche dị na obodo ahụ.   &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|&lt;span title=&quot;Your explanation here (October 2016)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;]]''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;
[[Faịlụ:Ein_Herr_Ein_Glaube_Eine_Taufe.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|227x227px|Ihe odide German nke ederede, &quot;Otu Onyenwe anyị, Otu okwukwe, Otu baptizim,&quot; (Ndị Efesọs 4:5).]]
Onye edemede ahụ na-agba chọọchị ume ugboro ugboro ka ha nabata otu echiche nke nzọpụta, nke ọ na-akọwa.

Frank Charles Thompson  na-ekwu na isi isiokwu nke ndị Efesọs bụ nzaghachi nye ndị Juu a tọghatara ọhụrụ bụ ndị na-ekewapụkarị onwe ha na ndị Jentaịl ha. Ịdị n'otu nke ụka, ọkachasị n'etiti ndị Juu na ndị Jentaịl, bụ isi okwu nke akwụkwọ ahụ.

== Nkọwa ==
Ndị Efesọs bụ ndị a ma ama maka usoro iwu ụlọ ya na Efesọs 5:22-6:9,  na-ekpuchi di-nwunye, nne na nna-nwa, na mmekọrịta nna-ohu. N'ime Ndị Efesọs 5:22, a na-agba ndị inyom ume ka ha doo di ha n'okpuru, na ndị di ka ha hụ ndị nwunye ha n'anya &quot;dị ka Kraịst hụrụ Chọọchị n'anya&quot;. Ndị ọkà mmụta okpukpe nke Ndị Kraịst, dị ka Katharine Bushnell na Jessie Penn-Lewis, na-akọwa iwu ndị a n'ihe gbasara amaokwu bu ụzọ,  maka Ndị Kraịst niile ka ha &quot;nobe onwe ha n'elu ibe ha&quot;.  Ya mere, ọ bụ ụzọ abụọ, nrubeisi nke di abụọ nye ndị nwunye na ndị nwunye na di.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Bushnell|first=Katharine|authorlink=Katharine Bushnell|title=Dr. Katharine C. Bushnell: A Brief Sketch of Her Life Work|date=December 1930|journal=Biblical Recorder|accessdate=5 July 2016|url=http://godswordtowomen.org/bushnell_brief_sketch.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160625051650/http://godswordtowomen.org/bushnell_brief_sketch.pdf|archive-date=25 June 2016|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Haddad|first=Mimi|date=Spring 2008|title=Jessie Penn-Lewis's Cross Theology: Gender Relations in the New Covenant|journal=Priscilla Papers|volume=22|issue=2|accessdate=5 July 2016|url=http://www.cbeinternational.org/sites/default/files/pp222_jplct_0.pdf|archive-date=5 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160705130500/http://www.cbeinternational.org/sites/default/files/pp222_jplct_0.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mana dị ka Peter O'Brien, prọfesọ emeritus na Moore Theological College si kwuo, nke a ga-abụ naanị ihe atụ nke nkọwa a nke nrubeisi n'ime Agba Ọhụrụ dum, n'ezie n'ihe odide Grik ọ bụla yiri ya; site na akụkọ O'Brian, okwu ahụ anaghị egosi mutuality.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=O'Brien|first=Peter T.|authorlink=Peter O'Brien (theologian)|date=1999|title=The Letter to the Ephesians|url=https://archive.org/details/lettertoephesian0000unse_i7k0|publisher=Eerdmans|location=Grand Rapids, Michigan|series=The Pillar New Testament Commentary|isbn=978-0802837363|editor=Carson|pages=[https://archive.org/details/lettertoephesian0000unse_i7k0/page/401 401]–04}}&lt;/ref&gt; Prọfesọ nke Dallas Theological Seminary Daniel Wallace ghọtara na ọ bụ ndọtị nke Efesọs 5:15-21  mgbe Mmụọ Nsọ jupụtara na ya. 

N'oge na-eduga na [[Agha Obodo America]] (1861-65), Efesọs 6:5  na mmekọrịta nna ukwu na ohu bụ otu n'ime amaokwu Bible nke ndị nwe ohu Confederate ji kwado ọnọdụ ịgba ohu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|editor=Elliott|location=Augusta, GA|title=Cotton is King and pro-slavery arguments comprising the writings of Hammond, Harper, Christy, Stringfellow, Hodge, Bledsoe, and Cartwright, on this important subject|publisher=Pritchard, Abbott &amp; Loomis|accessdate=2009-03-13|url=https://archive.org/details/cottoniskingand01harpgoog|author=Christy|first=David|year=1860}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hụkwa ==

* Akwụkwọ Ozi Mbụ e degaara Ndị Efesọs
* Ihe odide dị iche iche n'Akwụkwọ Ozi Ndị Efesọs

== Ihe Ndi edeturu ==
 

== Edensibia ==
 

* [http://www.vts.edu/ftpimages/95/download/download_group10628_id432549.pdf Nkwupụta Dị Mkpirikpi Maka Ndị Efesọs] E debere na  Wayback Machine
* Ephesians Online Reading Room - nnukwu nchịkọta nke ihe ntanetị maka Ephesians; Tyndale Seminary
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20170204170146/http://www.sermonsfortoday.org/browse_sermons/sermonsInSeries.php?series=Series%20on%20Ephesians Akwụkwọ Nsọ Nkwupụta Banyere Ndị Efesọs]
* Ndị Efesọs: Ọkpụkpọ nke Ndị Nsọ - Ozi Ndị Efesọs, Audio &amp; Podcast nke Ray Stedman
* Akwụkwọ ọdịyo nke Ephesians na  Ụdị dị iche iche 
*  

== Njikọ mpụga ==
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*  Isiokwu a gụnyere ederede sitere na mbipụta ugbu a nangalaba ọha na eze: &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mw-reference-text reference-text&quot; id=&quot;mw-reference-text-cite_note-1&quot;&gt;.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:&quot;\&quot;&quot;&quot;\&quot;&quot;&quot;'&quot;&quot;'&quot;}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url(&quot;//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg&quot;)right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url(&quot;//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg&quot;)right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url(&quot;//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg&quot;)right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url(&quot;//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg&quot;)right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;Easton, Matthew George (1897). &quot;Ndị Efesọs, Akwụkwọ Ozi e degaara ndị&quot;. Easton's Bible Dictionary (New and reviseed ed.). T. Nelson na ụmụ. 
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    <title>Nchebe Ndị Ọrịa na Naịjirịa</title>
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'''Nchebe Ndị Ọrịa na [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]]''' bụ ngalaba na-apụta n'ihi ọtụtụ mmerụ ahụ nye ndị ọrịa na [[Nlekọta ahụike ma ọ|nlekọta ahụike]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781351683456|title=Global Patient Safety: Law, Policy and Practice|date=2018-08-15|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-315-16759-6|editor=Tingle|edition=1|location=New York, NY : Routledge, 2019.|language=en|doi=10.4324/9781315167596}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mmebi ndị a na-apụta ìhè na Naijiria n'ihi na ọ bụ Mba na-emepe emepe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Overview|url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/nigeria/overview|accessdate=2025-02-05|work=World Bank|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ghaghị ime mgbalị iji gbochie, belata ma wepụ mmerụ ahụ.

== Nchịkọta dị mkpirikpi nke Naịjirịa ==
Naịjirịa nwere ala nke 9&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;,770 km2 . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nigeria: country data and statistics|url=https://www.worlddata.info/africa/nigeria/index.php|accessdate=2025-02-03|work=Worlddata.info|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ mba kacha nwee ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ n'Africa nke nwere ihe karịrị narị nde ụmụ amaala abụọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nigeria Population (2025) - Worldometer|url=https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/nigeria-population/|accessdate=2025-02-03|work=www.worldometers.info|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ihe dị ka ọkara nke ndị bi na Naịjirịa erubeghị afọ iri na itoolu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nigeria: population by gender and age 2024 {{!}} Statista|url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/1121317/age-distribution-of-population-in-nigeria-by-gender/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241213173940/https://www.statista.com/statistics/1121317/age-distribution-of-population-in-nigeria-by-gender/|archivedate=2024-12-13|accessdate=2025-02-03|work=Statista|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; atụmanya ndụ ugbu a na Naijiria bụ afọ 56.36.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nigeria Life Expectancy 1950-2025|url=https://www.macrotrends.net/global-metrics/countries/NGA/nigeria/life-expectancy|accessdate=2025-02-03|work=www.macrotrends.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A na-atụ anya na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị Naịjirịa ga-anọgide na-abawanye. Otu n'ime ihe kpatara ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ dị elu bụ ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ala nke ọnwụ (15 kwa 1000 mmadụ na 1995, dịka ọmụmaatụ) ma e jiri ya tụnyere Ọnụ ọgụgụ ọmụmụ (46 kwa 1000 na 1995, dịka dịka ọmụmaatụ). &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Orubuloye|first=I. O.|title=The demographic situation in Nigeria and prospects for fertility transition|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jid.3380070109|journal=Journal of International Development|date=1995|language=en|volume=7|issue=1|pages=135–144|doi=10.1002/jid.3380070109|pmid=12319910|issn=0954-1748}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ihi ya, a na-atụ anya na a ga-aga n'ihu na-abawanye ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ, nke na-adị mgbe niile na Naịjirịa. Ihe omuma Orubuloye banyere ọnọdụ ọnụọgụ nke Naijiria, na 1995, gosiputara ihe ụfọdụ jikọtara ọnụ na ihe kpatara ya na mmetụta ya, mmụba nke ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ, Ọnụọgụ ọmụmụ na ọnwụ, nsogbu akụ na ụba, ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na-adịghị kwụsie ike, ọnwụ ụmụaka, na iwu gọọmentị bụ ụfọdụ n’ime ihe ndị metụtara ọnọdụ ahụike.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

=== Nkwado ahụike na Naịjirịa ===
Nlekọta ahụike na Naịjirịa na-eche ihe isi ike n’ihi na ego ya ezughi oke. Nkwado ahụ sitere n’imekọrịta ego gọọmentị, ụgwọ onwe onye, na ịnshọransị. Mba ahụ nwere ihe dị ka ụlọ ọrụ ahụike 39,914, na naanị akwa ụlọ ọgwụ 0.5 maka mmadụ 1,000.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nigeria Hospital beds, 1960-2018 - knoema.com|url=https://guineab.opendataforafrica.org/atlas/Nigeria/topics/Health/Health-Service-Coverage/Hospital-beds|accessdate=2025-02-03|work=Knoema|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ nwere 0.381 na 1.7 nke ndị dọkịta na ndị nọọsụ kwa 1000 mmadụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nigeria - Physicians (per 1,000 people)|url=https://www.indexmundi.com/facts/nigeria/indicator/SH.MED.PHYS.ZS|accessdate=2025-02-03|work=www.indexmundi.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=World Bank Open Data|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.MED.NUMW.P3?locations=NG|accessdate=2025-02-03|work=World Bank Open Data}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ego ngalaba ahụike nke Naịjirịa anaghị emezu nkwa African Union nke 15% nke ngụkọta mmefu ego maka ngalaba ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=2023 Budget: Health gets highest allocation ever but fails to meet AU commitment|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/559213-2023-budget-health-gets-highest-allocation-ever-but-fails-to-meet-au-commitment.html?tztc=1|accessdate=2025-02-03|work=www.premiumtimesng.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Enweghị ego zuru oke na mmebi akụ na ụba na-ebute nsogbu ahụike a. Ọtụtụ mgbe, ego ndị dị adịghị eji ha n’amamihe. Ọnụọgụ ọmụmụ dị elu—ihe dị ka 4.92 n’otu nwanyị—na-akpata mmụba ndị bi na Naịjirịa, nke na-eme ka akụ na ụba na usoro ahụike nwee nnukwu nrụgide.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nigeria Fertility Rate 1950-2025|url=https://www.macrotrends.net/global-metrics/countries/NGA/nigeria/fertility-rate#:~:text=Chart%20and%20table%20of%20the%20Nigeria%20fertility%20rate,births%20per%20woman,%20a%201.34%25%20decline%20from%202024.|accessdate=2025-02-03|work=www.macrotrends.net|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250123020707/https://www.macrotrends.net/global-metrics/countries/NGA/nigeria/fertility-rate#:~:text=Chart%20and%20table%20of%20the%20Nigeria%20fertility%20rate,births%20per%20woman,%20a%201.34%25%20decline%20from%202024.|archive-date=2025-01-23|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nke a bụ ihe dị otú ahụ n'ihi nguzozi triangular dị n'etiti mmadụ atọ, ọnọdụ akụ na ụba na ahụike.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Ogbonna|first=Brian|title=HEALTH, POPULATION AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA; POLICY PERSPECTIVE, AND TRIANGULAR-DYNAMICS EFFECT|journal=European Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Research|volume=3|issue=4|pages=69–72}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'amaghị ama, mmụba na-aga n'ihu nke ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ enweela mmetụta akụ na ụba na, ma mee ka, ego ezughi oke nke ngalaba ahụike. Ihe atụ a na-ahụkarị bụ mmemme ahụike n'efu nke gọọmentị Osun Steeti, otu n'ime steeti 36 dị na Naịjirịa, n'ihi nsogbu akụ na ụba na 2015. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Rapheal|date=2018-06-10|title=Osun free healthcare runs into hitch|url=https://thesun.ng/osun-free-healthcare-runs-into-hitch/|accessdate=2025-02-03|work=The Sun Nigeria|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nke a dugara n'ịmepụta Public Private Partnership na ụlọ ọgwụ ụlọ ọgwụ nke steeti ahụ.

The Nigeria National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) bụ usoro gọọmentị Naijiria nabatara iji hụ na ụmụ amaala nwere ike ịnweta nlekọta ahụike dị mma ka ha na-ahụ maka nchebe ego.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=NATIONAL HEALTH INSURANCE AUTHORITY – NATIONAL HEALTH INSURANCE AUTHORITY|url=https://www.nhis.gov.ng/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250130022352/https://www.nhis.gov.ng/|archivedate=2025-01-30|accessdate=2025-02-03|work=www.nhis.gov.ng|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ebumnuche NHIS bụ iwulite ụzọ iji ruo na mmezu nke Universal Health Coverage (UHC). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Flourence|first=Marine|date=2025-01-09|title=Moving toward universal health coverage with a national health insurance program: A scoping review and narrative synthesis of experiences in eleven low- and lower-middle income countries|journal=PLOS Global Public Health|language=en|volume=5|issue=1|doi=10.1371/journal.pgph.0003651|issn=2767-3375|pmid=39787117}}&lt;/ref&gt; E nweela akụkọ ihe ịga nke ọma edere, a naghị ahapụ ọdịda. Otu n'ime adịghị ike bụ na atụmatụ ahụ anaghị ekpuchi usoro ma ọ bụ ọgwụ ụfọdụ. 

== Mmerụ ahụike ndị ọrịa na usoro nlekọta ahụike Naịjirịa ==
Ụdị mmerụ ahụ a na-ahụkarị na usoro nlekọta ahụike nke Naijiria bụ mmerụ ahụ n'ihi ọgwụgwọ gabigara ókè na mmerụ ahụ sitere na enweghị ike inye ọgwụgwọ kwesịrị ekwesị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Anjorin|first=Emmanuel Temitope|date=2023|title=Overtreatment of malaria in the Nigerian healthcare setting; prescription practice, rationale and consequences|url=https://www.panafrican-med-journal.com/content/article/45/111/full|journal=Pan African Medical Journal|language=en|volume=45|doi=10.11604/pamj.2023.45.111.31780|issn=1937-8688|pmid=37745920}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Borodo|first=Safiya Bala|title=The burden of polypharmacy and potentially inappropriate medication in Nigeria: a clarion call for deprescribing practice|journal=Bulletin of the National Research Centre|date=2022|language=en|volume=46|issue=1|doi=10.1186/s42269-022-00864-3|issn=2522-8307}}&lt;/ref&gt; Polypharmacy na-anọchite anya mmerụ ahụ sitere na ọgwụgwọ gabigara ókè.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Ọ bụghị ihe a na-ahụkarị ịhụ ọgwụ nwere ọtụtụ ọgwụ, ise ma ọ bụ karịa. Akụkọ Beers Criteria na World Health Organization banyere nchekwa ọgwụ na polypharmacy bara uru n'ịgwa mkpebi nke mmerụ ahụ n'ihi ọgwụgwọ gabigara ókè. The Beers Criteria, dị ka ngwá ọrụ, depụtara ọgwụ ndị nwere ike imerụ ahụ (karịsịa na ndị agadi). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Medications on the Beers Criteria List|url=https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/24946-beers-criteria|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241201152350/https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/24946-beers-criteria|archivedate=2024-12-01|accessdate=2025-02-03|work=Cleveland Clinic|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nchọpụta egosila mkpa Beers Criteria na ntọala ahụike Naịjirịa. Akụkọ Akande-Sholabi et al. mere ka o doo anya na polypharmacy dị elu n’etiti ndị agadi, ebe ihe dị ka 23.8% n’ime ha na-ewe ọgwụ ọtụtụ, na nkezi ọgwụ e nyere bụ anọ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Akande-Sholabi|first=Wuraola|date=2018|title=Polypharmacy and Factors Associated With Their Prevalence Among Older Patients Attending a Geriatric Centre in South-West Nigeria|url=https://www.ssrn.com/abstract=3508232|journal=SSRN Electronic Journal|language=en|doi=10.2139/ssrn.3508232|issn=1556-5068}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Enwere ike ịhụ mmerụ ahụ n'ihi enweghị ike inye ọgwụgwọ kwesịrị ekwesị, nke bụ ụdị ileghara ahụike anya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Liability And Proof Of Medical Negligence In Nigeria|url=https://www.mondaq.com/nigeria/professional-negligence/1004164/liability-and-proof-of-medical-negligence-in-nigeria|accessdate=2025-02-03|work=www.mondaq.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ ezie na ọ dịghị usoro iwu maka ịchọpụta mmerụ ahụ n'ihi enweghị ike inye ọgwụgwọ kwesịrị ekwesị na ọnọdụ ahụike na Naịjirịa, okwu, ọchụchọ na nyocha egosiwo na ọ bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Nation|first=The|date=2022-08-16|title=Rights of patients in cases of medical negligence|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/rights-of-patients-in-cases-of-medical-negligence/|accessdate=2025-02-04|work=The Nation Newspaper|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Fadare|first=Joseph|title=Prescription pattern and prevalence of potentially inappropriate medications among elderly patients in a Nigerian rural tertiary hospital|journal=Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management|date=2013|volume=9|language=en|pages=115–120|doi=10.2147/TCRM.S40120|issn=1178-203X|pmid=23516122}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ihe atụ a na-ahụkarị, site na ahụmịhe, bụ ide ọgwụ mgbochi mgbu na-abụghị steroid (NSAID) nye onye ọrịa nwere akụkọ ahụike nke Ọnyá afọ n'ihi enweghị ike ịchọ akụkọ ahụike.

Nsogbu asụsụ na ọdịbendị nwere ike ịkpalite mmerụ ahụ ndị ọrịa na Naịjirịa, n’ihi na ha na-egbochi nnweta ozi ahụike na nchekwa ndị ọrịa n’ọnọdụ ụfọdụ..&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Schouten|first=Barbara C.|title=Mitigating language and cultural barriers in healthcare communication: Toward a holistic approach|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0738399120302421|journal=Patient Education and Counseling|date=2020|language=en|volume=103|issue=12|pages=2604–2608|doi=10.1016/j.pec.2020.05.001|pmid=32423835}}&lt;/ref&gt; Naịjirịa dị iche iche ma nwee agbụrụ 371.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Ify|first=Davies Ngere|date=2024-11-13|title=Full List of all 371 Ethnic Groups in Nigeria &amp; Their States of Origin|url=https://www.withinnigeria.com/piece/2024/11/13/full-list-of-all-371-ethnic-groups-in-nigeria-their-states-of-origin/|accessdate=2025-02-04|work=PIECE — WITHIN NIGERIA|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Onye ọrụ ahụike si n'otu mpaghara nke a ga-ewebata ọhụrụ ma rụọ ọrụ na mpaghara ọzọ nwere ike ịnagide ọrụ na-emenye ụjọ na nkwurịta okwu na ndị ọrịa. Nke a nwere ike imerụ nchekwa onye ọrịa. Ọtụtụ oge, a na-adabere na ndị ntụgharị. Otú ọ dị, nke a nwere ike ịbụ ihe na-eri oge na ozi ahụ nwere ike ọ gaghị agbasa n'ụzọ zuru oke dịka ndị ọrụ ahụike tụrụ anya ya mgbe ụfọdụ. 

Ogologo oge ichere onye ọrịa bụ ihe ọzọ na-akpata mmerụ ahụ onye ọrịa na ntọala nlekọta ahụike na Naịjirịa, ọkachasị mgbe oge ichere na-egbu oge. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọrụ e bipụtara banyere oge ichere na ngalaba ọgwụ nke ụlọ ọgwụ dị elu na-ekpughe ogologo oge n'ilekọta ndị ọrịa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Afolabi|first=Margaret O|date=2005-05-23|title=Patients\' response to waiting time in an out-patient pharmacy in Nigeria|url=http://www.ajol.info/index.php/tjpr/article/view/14601|journal=Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research|volume=2|issue=2|doi=10.4314/tjpr.v2i2.14601|issn=1596-9827}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ndị ọrịa enweghị afọ ojuju na igbu oge na-ekwesịghị ekwesị.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Nke a bụ otu n'ime ihe ndị metụtara usoro nke nwere ike ibute mmerụ ahụ onye ọrịa n'ihi ike ọgwụgwụ nke ndị ọrịa nwere mgbe ha na-echere. E mere aro na a ga-etinye oge ka ukwuu na ndụmọdụ ọgwụ na obere oge na usoro nkesa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

== Mmetụta nke nkà na ụzụ na nchekwa onye ọrịa na Naịjirịa ==
Nkà ndị na-abụghị nke teknụzụ bụ usoro nkà nke otu onye ma ọ bụ otu na-akwado nkà na ụzụ a mụtara. Ha na-agụnye ajọ mbunobi, nkwurịta okwu na otu. Ha enweela mmetụta na nchekwa ndị ọrịa na usoro nlekọta ahụike Naịjirịa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Alayande|first=Barnabas Tobi|date=2024-05-16|title=Non-technical skills training for Nigerian interprofessional surgical teams: a cross-sectional survey|journal=BMC Medical Education|language=en|volume=24|issue=1|doi=10.1186/s12909-024-05550-8|issn=1472-6920|pmid=38755653}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dị ka ihe atụ, a na-akọwa mpaghara ebe nkà na ụzụ nwere mmetụta na ọrụ ọgwụ n'okpuru ebe a.

=== Mmetụta na-ezighị ezi ===
Echiche na-ezighị ezi emeela ka njehie na ihe ọjọọ mee n'ọtụtụ ebe nke ọrụ ọgwụ. Ihe ndị a gụnyere mkpebi na imepụta usoro ọgwụ, mmepe ọgwụ, ahịa ọgwụ / ire ere, mkparịta ụka na ndị ọrịa, na ndụmọdụ ọgwụ, n'etiti ndị ọzọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Esther Oleiye Itua|date=2024-03-17|title=Pharmacy Practice Standards and Challenges in Nigeria: A Comprehensive Analysis|url=https://fepbl.com/index.php/imsrj/article/view/921|journal=International Medical Science Research Journal|volume=4|issue=3|pages=295–304|doi=10.51594/imsrj.v4i3.921|issn=2707-3408}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Nkwurịta okwu ===
Nsogbu nkwurịta okwu emeela ka nchekwa ndị ọrịa bụrụ ihe egwu, ma ọ na-ebute mmerụ mgbe a na-enye ma ọ bụ na-ewepụ ọgwụ. Ọ na-eduga na njehie n’oge a na-ejupụta ọgwụ, njehie n’oge a na-adụ ndị ọrịa ọdụ banyere iji ọgwụ ha, yana ihe ize ndụ maka nchekwa n’ihi enweghị nkwurịta okwu doro anya n’etiti ndị ọrụ ahụike na ndị ọrịa. Nke a na-ebute mmerụ ahụ n’ihi na a naghị akọwara ndị ọrịa nke ọma gbasara mmetụta na nchegbu nchekwa nke ọgwụ ha.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;/&gt;

=== Ọganihu nke otu ===
Ọganihu otu nwere mmetụta na nchekwa onye ọrịa. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, asọmpi n'etiti ndị ọrụ na ngalaba ahụike Naijiria emeela ka ndị mmadụ gbaa arụkwaghịm n'ụlọ ọrụ ahụike nke mere ka ndị ọrịa nọrọ n'ihe ize ndụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Omisore|first=Akinlolu G.|title=Interprofessional Rivalry in Nigeria's Health Sector: A Comparison of Doctors and Other Health Workers' Views at a Secondary Care Center|url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0272684X17748892|journal=International Quarterly of Community Health Education|date=2017|language=en|volume=38|issue=1|pages=9–16|doi=10.1177/0272684X17748892|pmid=29264960|issn=0272-684X}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Mohammed|first=Elijah N. A.|title=Knowledge, causes, and experience of inter-professional conflict and rivalry among healthcare professionals in Nigeria|journal=BMC Health Services Research|date=2022|language=en|volume=22|issue=1|doi=10.1186/s12913-022-07664-5|issn=1472-6963|pmid=35264179}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nchegbu nke ndị ọrụ ahụike enyela aka na mmebi nke arụmọrụ ndị otu ahụike.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Nwobodo|first=Ezinne Precious|date=2023-10-24|title=Stress Management in Healthcare Organizations: The Nigerian Context|journal=Healthcare|language=en|volume=11|issue=21|doi=10.3390/healthcare11212815|issn=2227-9032|pmid=37957963}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ihe dị iche iche na-akpata nrụgide ndị a chọpụtara gụnyere ọrụ dị arọ, enweghị ùgwù, enweghị afọ ojuju na ọnọdụ ọrụ, idu ndú ọjọọ na, obere ụgwọ ọrụ maka ọrụ a rụrụ, n'etiti ndị ọzọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Onigbogi|first=CharlesBabajide|date=2019|title=Prevalence of psychosocial stress and its risk factors among health-care workers in Nigeria: A systematic review and meta-analysis|journal=Nigerian Medical Journal|language=en|volume=60|issue=5|pages=238–244|doi=10.4103/nmj.NMJ_67_19|issn=0300-1652|pmid=31844352}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe ndị mmadụ na usoro ahụike nke Naịjirịa ==
Ihe ndị mmadụ bụ ọzụzụ nke na-eburu n'uche ikike na njedebe nke ndị mmadụ na ịrụ ọrụ ma ọ bụ rụchaa ọrụ e kenyere.&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Human Factors|url=https://www.hsa.ie/eng/topics/human_factors/|accessdate=2025-02-05|work=Health and Safety Authority|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ na-aghọta na ụmụ mmadụ na-eme njehie ma na-atụle maka ịmepụta ebe ọrụ dị nchebe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2016-08-17|title=What is 'human factors'?|url=https://humanfactors101.com/about/what-is-human-factors/|accessdate=2025-02-05|work=Human Factors 101|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ịdọ aka ná ntị ahụ anaghị ahụkebe na usoro ahụike nke Naijiria ma kwesịkwa itinye ya n'ọrụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Nwanya|first=Stephen|date=2023-08-02|title=Human factors issues at selected workplaces in Nigeria: practice, status and future research needs: Review|url=https://ijooes.fe.up.pt/index.php/ijooes/article/view/2184-0954_007-001_001812|journal=International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Safety|volume=7|issue=1|pages=33–54|doi=10.24840/2184-0954_007-001_001812|issn=2184-0954}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ihe ndị mmadụ na-enyere aka ịhụ ụzọ ka mma iji hụ na nchekwa na mma, na usoro nlekọta ahụike na, nlekọta ndị ọrịa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;/&gt; Ọ na-elekwasị anya n'ịkwado ọrụ maka ndị ọrụ karịa ime ka ndị ọrụ kwekọọ n'ọrụ ahụ dị n'usoro.&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot; /&gt; Ịkwado ọrụ ahụ maka onye ọrụ bụ ụzọ dị mma iji tinye mkpịsị ụkwụ gburugburu (ọrụ ziri ezi) n'ime oghere gburugburu (na ikike kwekọrọ na onye ọrụ ahụ).

Ịdọ aka ná ntị nke mmadụ na-enyere aka ịmepụta usoro ka mma maka imeziwanye mma.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;/&gt; Na usoro nlekọta ahụike, nke a ga-eme ka nlekọta nke ndị ọrịa dị mma ma mee ka nchekwa nke ndị ọrịa ka mma. Site na atụmatụ ndị dị otú ahụ, usoro nlekọta ahụike ga-adịkwu mma iji kwadebe maka ihe ọ bụla a na-achọghị nke mmerụ ahụ a na-egbochi na / ma ọ bụ ndị na-enweghị isi maka ndị ọrịa na / maọbụ ndị ọrụ ahụike.

Ihe ndị mmadụ / ergonomics (sayensị nchekwa) na-enyere aka ịhụ ka ọganihu nke ahụike na nlekọta mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya ka mma site n'ilekwasị anya n'ịkwado ọrụ maka ndị ọrụ karịa ndị ọrụ maka ọrụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Brennan|first=Peter A|title=The role of human factors in improving patient safety|url=https://wchh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/tre.858|journal=Trends in Urology &amp; Men's Health|date=2022|language=en|volume=13|issue=3|pages=30–33|doi=10.1002/tre.858|issn=2044-3730}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=jdawson|date=2021-03-01|title=The Impact of Human Factors in Healthcare|url=https://www.usfhealthonline.com/resources/health-informatics/human-factors-in-healthcare/|accessdate=2025-02-04|work=USF Health Online|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ịmata njirimara ndị a kapịrị ọnụ nke onye ọrụ ọ bụla, ebe onye ọrụ ọwụwa anyanwụ nwere ike na ikike iche echiche dị iche iche, a ghọtara ya dị ka ụzọ kachasị mma iji mee ka ikike ha zuo oke.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Casali|first=Gianluca|title=The rise of human factors: optimising performance of individuals and teams to improve patients' outcomes|journal=Journal of Thoracic Disease|date=2019|volume=11|issue=S7|pages=S998–S1008|doi=10.21037/jtd.2019.03.50|pmid=31183182}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na mgbakwunye, ihe ọmụma banyere mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ndị mmadụ na ngwá ọrụ, ebe ọrụ, na ọrụ ọrụ dị mkpa maka nchekwa na mmelite nke onye ọrịa. Nke a n'aka nke ya ga-eduga n'imeziwanye ọdịmma mmadụ na arụmọrụ usoro nlekọta ahụike. &lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Carayon|first=Pascale|title=Human factors systems approach to healthcare quality and patient safety|journal=Applied Ergonomics|date=2014|language=en|volume=45|issue=1|pages=14–25|doi=10.1016/j.apergo.2013.04.023|pmid=23845724}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Society for Quality in Healthcare na Naịjirịa ==

== Atụmatụ ndị a tụrụ aro iji melite nchekwa nke nlekọta ahụike na Naịjirịa ==
Atụmatụ ndị a tụrụ aro ka ha baa uru maka imeziwanye nchekwa onye ọrịa gụnyere idu ndú na imeziwanye ihe ọmụma, ịchọpụta na ịmụta ihe site na njehie, ịtọ ụkpụrụ na atụmanya maka nchekwa, na itinye usoro nchekwa n'ime ụlọ ọrụ nlekọta ahụike.&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Fischhoff|first=Baruch|title=Setting Standards: A Systematic Approach to Managing Public Health and Safety Risks|url=https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/10.1287/mnsc.30.7.823|journal=Management Science|date=1984|language=en|volume=30|issue=7|pages=823–843|doi=10.1287/mnsc.30.7.823}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ihe atụ nke igosipụta idu ndú na ịkwalite ihe ọmụma bụ ndị ndú na ụlọ ọrụ nlekọta ahụike na-emepụta mmata na mmemme agụmakwụkwọ / ọzụzụ na nchekwa onye ọrịa na mkpa ya na ntọala nlekọta ahụike. Mmata banyere nchekwa onye ọrịa na Naịjirịa dị ala ugbu a.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Nwosu|first=Arinze Duke George|title=Patient safety awareness among 309 surgeons in Enugu, Nigeria: a cross-sectional survey|journal=Patient Safety in Surgery|date=2019|language=en|volume=13|issue=1|doi=10.1186/s13037-019-0216-2|issn=1754-9493|pmid=31673290}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ihe atụ a na-ahụkarị nke ịchọpụta na ịmụta ihe site na njehie bụ inwe ụdị ọgwụ na-echebe ọgwụ ebe a na-akọ ma na-agbakọta mmeghachi omume ọgwụ niile.&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Meyboom|first=Ronald H.B.|date=1999|title=Pharmacovigilance in Perspective|url=http://link.springer.com/10.2165/00002018-199921060-00001|journal=Drug Safety|language=en|volume=21|issue=6|pages=429–447|doi=10.2165/00002018-199921060-00001|pmid=10612268|issn=0114-5916}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mmeghachi omume ọjọọ nke ọgwụ bụ ihe a na-achọghị na ihe a na'atụghị anya ya site na iji ọgwụ eme ihe. Ụdị Nlekọta ọgwụ adịlarị na Naijiria mana enwere ike imeziwanye mmejuputa ya na nlekota ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Opadeyi|first=Abimbola O.|title=Assessment of the state of pharmacovigilance in the South-South zone of Nigeria using WHO pharmacovigilance indicators|journal=BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology|date=2018|language=en|volume=19|issue=1|doi=10.1186/s40360-018-0217-2|pmid=29855348}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Olowofela|first=Abimbola|title=Pharmacovigilance in Nigeria: An Overview|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s40290-015-0133-3|journal=Pharmaceutical Medicine|date=2016|language=en|volume=30|issue=2|pages=87–94|doi=10.1007/s40290-015-0133-3|issn=1178-2595}}&lt;/ref&gt; Site na data anakọtara site na ụdị ahụ, enwere ike ime ihe iji gbochie ọdịnihu nke ihe ndị a na-achọghị.&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot; /&gt;

* Ịtọ ụkpụrụ n'ozuzu ka mma karịa mkpebi ikpe site n'otu ikpe.

* Enwere ike ịkwado ụfọdụ nkà ihe ọmụma nchekwa n'ozuzu, ịhazi ihe ize ndụ na ihe ndị ọzọ na ihe ndị metụtara iwu na;

* A na-asụgharị nkà ihe ọmụma n'ụzọ ziri ezi n'okwu ọrụ. Ihe atụ nke dị otú ahụ bụ ụkpụrụ nduzi ọgwụgwọ maka [[Iba|ịba]] nke na-agụnye Artemisinin Combination Therapy (ACT) dị ka usoro ọgwụgwọ mbụ maka ịba ma wepụ Chloroquine (maka nchekwa na nlekọta dị mma). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=WHO releases new malaria guidelines for treatment and procurement of medicines|url=https://www.who.int/news/item/10-12-2010-who-releases-new-malaria-guidelines-for-treatment-and-procurement-of-medicines|accessdate=2025-02-05|work=www.who.int|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ime ntuziaka ahụ, ewepụrụ ụfọdụ ọgwụ mgbochi ịba n'ime ụmụ nwanyị dị ime.&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Al Khaja|first=Khalid A. J.|title=Drug treatment and prevention of malaria in pregnancy: a critical review of the guidelines|journal=Malaria Journal|date=2021|language=en|volume=20|issue=1|doi=10.1186/s12936-020-03565-2|issn=1475-2875|pmid=33485330}}&lt;/ref&gt; A dụrụ Sulphadoxine-Pyrimethamine ọdụ ka e jiri ya mee ihe dị ka ihe na-egbochi ịba n'ahụ ụmụ nwanyị dị ime, ọkachasị n'ógbè ịba dị ka Africa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot; /&gt;

A na-atụ aro itinye usoro dị nchebe, site na ihichapụ omume ndị na-adịghị mma na ụlọ ọrụ nlekọta ahụike n'ime ụlọ ọrụ nlekọta. Ọ nwere ike ijide n'aka na omenala nchekwa na gburugburu ahụike ebe ndị ọrụ niile maara nchekwa ma ga-eri ya dị ka ụzọ ndụ maka omume ọma.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Farokhzadian|first=Jamileh|title=The long way ahead to achieve an effective patient safety culture: challenges perceived by nurses|journal=BMC Health Services Research|date=2018|language=en|volume=18|issue=1|doi=10.1186/s12913-018-3467-1|issn=1472-6963|pmid=30134980}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nke a nwere ike ijide n'aka na ma ndị ọrụ ahụike na ndị ọrịa nọ n'ọnọdụ dị nchebe. Nhazi nke usoro nlekọta ahụike site n'enyemaka nke ihe ndị mmadụ iji hụ na nchekwa nwekwara ike inye aka.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;/&gt; Ihe ndị mmadụ / ergonomics (sayensị nchekwa) na-enyere aka ịhụ ka ọganihu nke ahụike na nlekọta mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya nwere ike iru nke ọma site na ilekwasị anya n'ịkwado ọrụ maka ndị ọrụ karịa ndị ọrụ maka ọrụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; Ịmata njirimara ndị ọrụ ọ bụla, ebe onye ọrụ ọ bụla nwere ike na ikike iche echiche dị iche iche, enwere ike iji ya mee ka ikike ndị ọrụ zuru oke.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; Na mgbakwunye, ihe ọmụma nke mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ndị mmadụ na ngwá ọrụ, gburugburu ọrụ, na ọrụ ọrụ dị mkpa maka nchekwa na mmelite nke onye ọrịa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; Nke a, n'aka nke ya, nwere ike iduga n'imeziwanye ọdịmma mmadụ na arụmọrụ nke usoro nlekọta ahụike.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; Inweta ihe ọmụma banyere echiche a nwere ike imeziwanye nchekwa na mmeziwanye mma na Naịjirịa.

== Ihe odide ==
&lt;references /&gt;
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    <title>Richard Leakey</title>
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      <text bytes="40751" sha1="bxyo83006wvo27n1s72fo2p43k55icf" xml:space="preserve">[[Faịlụ:Richard Leakey (1986).jpg|thumb|Richard Leakey]]
 

Richard Erskine Frere Leakey FRS &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Pilbeam|first=David|date=2025|title=Richard Erskine Frere Leakey. 19 December 1944—2 January 2022|journal=Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society|volume=78|pages=235–260|doi=10.1098/rsbm.2024.0040}}&lt;/ref&gt; (19 Disemba 1944 - 2 Jenụwarị 2022) bụ onye Kenya paleoanthropologist, onye na-echekwa ihe na onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Smith|first=Anthony|date=2022-01-03|title=Richard Leakey obituary|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2022/jan/03/richard-leakey-obituary|accessdate=2023-04-29}}&lt;/ref&gt; Leakey nwere ọtụtụ ọkwa gọọmentị na Kenya, ọkachasị na ụlọ akwụkwọ ihe ochie na nchekwa anụ ọhịa. Ọ bụ onye nduzi nke National Museum of Kenya. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://www.amazon.com/People-Lake-Richard-Leakey/dp/B003L1T52E|title=People of the Lake|date=January 1978|publisher=Anchor Press/Doubleday|accessdate=28 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Leakey jere ozi n'ọfịs dị ike nke odeakwụkwọ na onye isi ọrụ ọha na eze n'oge ọchịchị onye isi ala Daniel Toroitich Arap Moi.

Leakey so hiwe &quot;Turkana Basin Institute&quot; na mmekorita agụmakwụkwọ ya na Mahadum Stony Brook, ebe ọ bụ prọfesọ nkà mmụta ihe gbasara mmadụ. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dịka onyeisi oche nke Turkana Basin Institute ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-01-02|title=Richard Leakey, trailblazing conservationist and fossil hunter, dies at 77|url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/richard-leakey-trailblazing-conservationist-and-fossil-hunter-dies-at-77|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220102220913/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/richard-leakey-trailblazing-conservationist-and-fossil-hunter-dies-at-77|archivedate=2 January 2022|accessdate=2022-01-04|work=Science|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Lukpat|first=Alyssa|date=2022-01-03|title=Richard Leakey, Kenyan Fossil Hunter and Conservationist, Dies at 77|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/03/world/africa/richard-leakey-dead.html|accessdate=2022-01-04}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Oge ọ malitere ==

=== Afọ ndị mbụ ===
A mụrụ Richard Erskine Frere Leakey na 19 Disemba 1944 na Nairobi . &lt;ref name=&quot;nytobit&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Lukpat|first=Alyssa|date=2022-01-03|title=Richard Leakey, Kenyan Fossil Hunter and Conservationist, Dies at 77|language=en-US|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/03/world/africa/richard-leakey-dead.html|accessdate=2022-01-03}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dị ka obere nwa nwoke, Leakey biri na Nairobi na nne na nna ya: Louis Leakey, onye nlekọta nke Coryndon Museum, na Mary Leakey, umukalamba nke nchọpụta Leakey na Olduvai, na ụmụnne ya abụọ, Jonathan na Filip.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Richard E. Leakey Biography and Interview|work=www.achievement.org|publisher=[[Academy of Achievement]]|url=https://achievement.org/achiever/richard-leakey/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ụmụnne Leakey nwere oge nwata na-arụsi ọrụ ike. Ụmụ nwoke niile nwere ịnyịnya ibu ma bụrụ ndị otu Langata Pony Club.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Kashyap|first=Nitin|title=Kenyan Paleoanthropologist Richard Leakey Passed Away at 77 Family|url=https://www.uptobrain.com/richard-leakey-death-reason-kenyan-paleoanthropologist-richard-leakey-passed-away-at-77-family/|work=Up To Brain|accessdate=3 January 2022|date=3 January 2022|archivedate=28 June 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240628045656/https://www.uptobrain.com/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe ụfọdụ, klọb ahụ dum bụ ndị ọbịa na Leakeys maka ezumike na ezumike. Nne na nna Leakey guzobere Dalmatian Club of East Africa ma nweta ihe nrite na 1957. &lt;ref name=&quot;louis&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Louis Leakey, Famed Paleoanthropolgist and Dalmatian Fancier|url=https://nationalpurebreddogday.com/louis-leakey-famed-paleoanthropolgist-and-dalmatian-fancier/#:~:text=The%20Leakeys%20founded%20the%20Dalmatian,leopards%2C%20snakes%20and%20other%20dangers.|work=National Purebred Dog Day|accessdate=3 January 2022|date=5 August 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nkịta na ọtụtụ anụ ụlọ ndị ọzọ sooro Leakey biri n'ụlọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;louis&quot; /&gt; Ụmụ nwoke Leakey sonyere n'egwuregwu ndị okenye na ụmụaka na-eduzi, ebe ha gbalịrị iṅomi ụmụ mmadụ mbụ, na-ejide Springhare na obere antelope n'aka na Serengeti. Ha chụpụrụ ọdụm na nkịta ọhịa site na igbu iji hụ ma ha nwere ike ime ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;ancestralpassions18&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|first=Virginia|author=Morell|authorlink=Virginia Morell|title=Ancestral Passions|url=https://archive.org/details/ancestralpassion0000more_h6j1|year=1995|chapter=18: Richard Makes his Move}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Okpokoro isi gbajiri agbaji ===
N'afọ 1956, mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na otu, Leakey si n'ịnyịnya ya daa, gbajie okpokoro isi ya ma ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ nwụọ n'ihi ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;natgeo-obit&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Stone|first=Andrea|title=Richard Leakey, trailblazing conservationist and fossil hunter, dies at 77|url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/richard-leakey-trailblazing-conservationist-and-fossil-hunter-dies-at-77|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220102220913/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/richard-leakey-trailblazing-conservationist-and-fossil-hunter-dies-at-77|archivedate=2 January 2022|work=National Geographic|accessdate=3 January 2022|language=en|date=2 January 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ụzọ na-enweghị isi, ọ bụ ihe omume a zọpụtara alụmdi na nwunye nne na nna ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;natgeo-obit&quot; /&gt;Louis chebaara echiche ịhapụ Mary maka odeakwụkwọ ya, Rosalie Osborn. Ka ọgụ na Mary na-aga n'ihu n'ezinụlọ ahụ, Leakey rịọrọ nna ya ka ọ ghara ịpụ. Nke ahụ bụ ihe kpatara ya. Louis kewara na Rosalie, ezinụlọ ahụ bikwara n'udo ruo afọ ole na ole ọzọ.

=== Onye ọchụnta ego nọ n'afọ iri na ụma ===
Leakey họọrọ ịkwado onwe ya, gbaziri £500 n'aka ndị mụrụ ya maka Land Rover wee banye n'azụmahịa ịzụ ahịa na inye ihe na Kamoya Kimeu.&lt;ref name=&quot;finders&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Fossil Finders: Kamoya Kimeu|url=https://leakeyfoundation.org/fossil-finders-kamoya-kimeu/|work=The Leakey Foundation|accessdate=3 January 2022|date=13 April 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ onye na-agba ịnyịnya, onye na-arụ ọrụ n'èzí, onye na'ime Land Rover, onye na -amụ ihe mgbe ochie, na onye ndú njem,  ọ mụtara ịmata ọkpụkpụ, nkà nke niile gosipụtara ụzọ ọ na-achọghị ka ọ gaa, naanị n'ihi na nna ya nọ na ya. &lt;ref name=&quot;wapo&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Hendrickson|first=Paul|title=Drive, Luck and the Leakey Genes|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1978/10/03/drive-luck-and-the-leakey-genes/8c9410c9-b72b-45a4-bcc5-19c067790196/|work=Washington Post|accessdate=3 January 2022|date=3 October 1978}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Azụmaahịa ọkpụkpụ ghọrọ azụmaahịa safari na 1961. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Portrait: Richard Leakey|url=https://www.theguardian.com/g2/story/0,3604,565776,00.html|work=The Guardian|accessdate=3 January 2022|date=9 October 2001}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 1962, ọ nwetara ikikere onye na-anya ụgbọelu onwe ya wee gaa njem na Olduvai Gorge . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Lewin|first=Roger|title=The Old Man of Olduvai Gorge|url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-old-man-of-olduvai-gorge-69246530/|journal=Smithsonian|accessdate=3 January 2022|language=en|date=October 2002|volume=33|issue=7|pages=82–88|pmid=17211962}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ site na nyocha ụgbọ elu na-enweghị isi ka o kwuru na ikike nke ụsọ Ọdọ Mmiri Natron nwere maka paleontology. Ọ gara ịchọ fossils na Land Rover, mana ọ nweghị nke ọ bụla, ruo mgbe ndị mụrụ ya nyere [[Glynn Isaac]] ka ọ soro ya gaa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Wood|first=Bernard|title=A Very Special Archaeologist|url=https://cashp.columbian.gwu.edu/very-special-archaeologist|work=Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology|publisher=The George Washington University|accessdate=3 January 2022|date=5 October 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Louis nwere mmasị na nchọpụta ha nke ukwuu nke na o nyere ha ego National Geographic maka njem otu ọnwa. Ha nyochara na nso Peninj dị nso n'ọdọ mmiri ahụ, ebe Leakey na-ahụ maka nkọwa nchịkwa. N'ịbụ onye ike gwụrụ, ọ laghachiri Nairobi nwa oge, mana n'oge ahụ, Kamoya Kimeu chọpụtara fossil nke ''Australopithecus boisei''.&lt;ref name=&quot;finders&quot;/&gt; Njem nke abụọ mere ka Leakey chee na a na-ewepụ ya n'akụkụ kachasị mkpa nke ọrụ ahụ, nyocha sayensị.&lt;ref name=&quot;finders&quot; /&gt;

=== Alụmdi na nwunye ===
N'afọ 1964, na njem nke abụọ ya na Lake Natron, Leakey zutere onye ọkà mmụta ihe ochie aha ya bụ Margaret Cropper.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Leakey, Richard|url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/social-sciences/applied-and-social-sciences-magazines/leakey-richard|work=Encyclopedia.com|accessdate=3 January 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;Mgbe Margaret lọtara England, Leakey kpebiri ịgbaso otu a iji gụọ akwụkwọ maka nzere ma mata ya nke ọma. O mechara ihe achọrọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị n'ime ọnwa isii; ka ọ dịgodị, Margaret nwetara akara ugo mmụta ya na Mahadum Edinburgh..&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Richard Leakey obituary|url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2022/jan/03/richard-leakey-obituary|work=The Guardian|accessdate=4 January 2022|language=en|date=3 January 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gafere ule ịbanye na kọleji, mana na 1965 ya na Margaret kpebiri ịlụ ma laghachi Kenya. Nna ya nyere ya ọrụ na Centre for Prehistory and Palaeontology . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Richard Leakey|url=https://ffrf.org/ftod-cr/item/14913-richard-leakey|work=Freedom from Religion Foundation|date=19 December 1980|accessdate=3 January 2022|language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ rụrụ ọrụ igwu ala na Lake Baringo ma gaa n'ihu na azụmahịa foto safari ya, na-enweta ego zuru ezu iji zụta ụlọ na Karen, ọmarịcha ógbè Nairobi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Church|first=Lauren Belfer|title=A taste of paradise in the Kenyan wilderness|url=https://www.csmonitor.com/1984/0608/060859.html|work=Christian Science Monitor|accessdate=3 January 2022|date=8 June 1984}}&lt;/ref&gt; A mụrụ nwa ha nwanyị Anna na 1969, n'otu afọ ahụ Leakey na Margaret gbara alụkwaghịm. Ọ lụrụ onye ọrụ ibe ya Meave Epps na 1970 ma ha nwere ụmụ nwanyị abụọ, Louise (amụrụ 1972) na Samira (1974). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Lukpat|first=Alyssa|title=Richard Leakey, Kenyan Fossil Hunter and Conservationist, Dies at 77|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/03/world/africa/richard-leakey-dead.html|work=The New York Times|accessdate=4 January 2022|date=3 January 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Palaeontology ==
Richard guzobere Kenya Museum Associates (nke bụzi Kenya Museum Society) na ndị Kenya nwere mmetụta na 1955. &lt;ref name=&quot;kenyamuseum&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=About Us|url=https://www.kenyamuseumsociety.org/about-us/|work=Kenya Museum Society|accessdate=4 January 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ha bu n'uche &quot;Kenya&quot; ma melite National Museum.&lt;ref name=&quot;kenyamuseum&quot; /&gt; Ha nyere ebe ngosi ihe mgbe ochie £ 5,000, otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ nke mmefu ego ya kwa afọ, ma ọ bụrụ na ọ ga-etinye Leakey n'ọnọdụ dị mma, ọ ghọkwara onye na-ekiri ihe na bọọdụ ndị nduzi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Otieno|first=David Okelo|title=A Protective Legislation, Policy and Practice of Archaeological Heritage Management in Kenya|url=https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01149219/document|publisher=IUT des Pays de l'Adour|accessdate=4 January 2022|date=27 November 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Joel Ojal, onye ọrụ gọọmentị na-elekọta ebe ngosi ihe mgbe ochie ahụ, na onye otu Associates, nyere onye isi oche nke bọọdụ ahụ ntụziaka ka ọ malite itinye ndị Kenya na ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Morell|first=Virginia|title=Ancestral Passions: The Leakey Family and the Quest for Humankind's Beginnings|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TKatWz1z3r8C&amp;pg=PA297|publisher=Simon and Schuster|accessdate=3 January 2022|language=en|date=11 January 2011|isbn=9781439143872}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Omo ===
Atụmatụ maka ebe ngosi ihe mgbe ochie ahụ etozughị mgbe Louis, n'amaghị ama ma ọ bụ na ọ bụghị, chọtara ụzọ iji wepụ nwa ya nwoke na-[[Ethiopia|Etiopia]]&quot; id=&quot;mwwQ&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Emperor of Ethiopia&quot;&gt;Eze Ukwu n'ebe ahụ. Louis so Emperor Haile Selassie na President Jomo Kenyatta rie nri ehihie.&lt;ref name=&quot;slt&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Lavine|first=Greg|title=Skulls crown Ethiopia's place in evolutionary studies|url=https://archive.sltrib.com/story.php?ref=/healthscience/ci_2581199|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|accessdate=3 January 2022|date=22 February 2005}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mkparịta ụka ahụ tụgharịrị gaa na fossils, na Emperor chọrọ ịma ihe mere na ọ dịghị onye a hụrụ na Ethiopia. Louis mere nyocha a ka o kwe ka o gwupụta ihe n'Omo River. &lt;ref name=&quot;slt&quot; /&gt;

The expedition consisted of three contingents: French, under Camille Arambourg, American, under F. Clark Howell, and Kenyan, led by Richard.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Coppens|first=Yves|title=Camille Arambourg et Louis Leakey ou un 1/2 siècle de paléontologie africaine|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/27918393|journal=Bulletin de la Société préhistorique française|accessdate=3 January 2022|pages=291–323|language=fr|date=1979|volume=76|issue=10/12|doi=10.3406/bspf.1979.5159}}&lt;/ref&gt; Louis could not go because of his arthritis. Crossing the Omo in 1967, Leakey's contingent was attacked by crocodiles, which destroyed their wooden boat.&lt;ref name=&quot;wapo&quot;/&gt; Expedition members barely escaped with their lives. Richard radioed Louis for a new, aluminium boat, which the National Geographic Society was happy to supply.&lt;ref name=&quot;wapo&quot; /&gt;

N'ebe ahụ, Kamoya Kimeu chọtara fossil hominid. Leakey weere ya dị ka ''Homo erectus'', mana Louis kọwara ya dị ka ''Homo sapiens''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Leakey Family|url=https://leakeyfoundation.org/about/the-leakey-family/#:~:text=The%20first%20significant%20hominid%20fossil,and%20called%20it%20Zinjanthropus%20boisei.|work=The Leakey Foundation|accessdate=3 January 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ nke kachasị ochie n'ime ụdị ndị a chọtara n'oge ahụ, nke malitere na afọ 160,000, ọ bụkwa nke mbụ a chọtara na ''Homo neanderthalensis''. N'oge usoro njirimara, Leakey bịara chee na ndị ikom kọleji na-akwado ya.

=== Koobi n'èzí ===
N'oge njem Omo nke 1967, Leakey gara Nairobi ma n'ụgbọelu nloghachi onye na-anya ụgbọelu ahụ ji ụgbọelu gafee Lake Rudolph (nke a kpọrọ Lake Turkana site na 1975) iji zere égbè eluigwe.&lt;ref name=&quot;stonybrook&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Smith|first=Brian|title=The First Family of Paleoanthropology|url=https://www.stonybrook.edu/magazine/2016-spring/the-first-family-of-paleoanthropology|work=Stony Brook University|accessdate=3 January 2022|language=en|date=Spring 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Maapụ ahụ mere ka Leakey tụọ anya nkume mgbawa ugwu n'okpuru ya mana ọ hụrụ ihe ndị na-adịghị n'ime ala. Mgbe ọ gara mpaghara ahụ na Howell site na helikọpta, ọ hụrụ ngwaọrụ na ihe ndị e ji amịpụta ihe n'ebe niile. N'uche ya, ọ malitere ịmepụta ọrụ ọhụrụ..&lt;ref name=&quot;stonybrook&quot; /&gt;

N'afọ 1968, Louis na Richard gara nzukọ nke Kọmitii Nnyocha na Nnyocha nke National Geographic Society iji rịọ maka ego maka Omo.&lt;ref name=&quot;alive&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Palmer|first=Katie|title=&quot;I'M STILL ALIVE.&quot;|url=https://www.weareafricatravel.com/interviews/im-still-alive/|work=We Are Africa|accessdate=3 January 2022|date=15 May 2017|archivedate=3 January 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220103044035/https://www.weareafricatravel.com/interviews/im-still-alive/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe ọ hụrụ Louis n'anya, Richard rịọrọ kọmitii ahụ ka ha tụgharịa $25,000 e zubere maka Omo gaa n'ebe a na-egwupụta ihe ọhụrụ a ga-eme n'okpuru nduzi ya na Koobi Fora. Richard meriri, mana onyeisi oche Leonard Carmichael gwara ya na ọ ka mma ịchọta ihe ma ọ bụ ghara ịbịa &quot;na-arịọ arịrịọ n'ọnụ ụzọ anyị ọzọ&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;alive&quot; /&gt; Louis ji obiọma kelee Richard.&lt;ref name=&quot;alive&quot; /&gt;

Ka ọ na-erule n'oge ahụ, ndị Kenya na-akwado Richard jupụtara na bọọdụ nke National Museum. Ha họpụtara ya dịka onye nduzi nchịkwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=One Life|url=https://sites.google.com/a/or.books-now.com/en237/9780718122478-59tarmuGEpaji83|accessdate=3 January 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; Onye nlekọta, Robert Carcasson, gbara arụkwaghịm iji mee mkpesa,  ma hapụ Leakey na ebe ngosi ihe mgbe ochie n'okpuru iwu ya, nke ya, dị ka Louis n'ihu ya, jiri dị ka isi ọrụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;alive&quot;/&gt; Ọ bụ ezie na e nwere esemokwu enyi na enyi n'etiti Louis na Richard, mmekọrịta dị mma. Onye ọ bụla weghaara onye nke ọzọ mgbe otu na-arụsi ọrụ ike na ihe ọzọ ma ọ bụ enweghị ike, Richard gara n'ihu na-agwa nna ya ozugbo banyere nchọta hominid.&lt;ref name=&quot;alive&quot; /&gt;

Na njem mbụ gaa Allia Bay na Lake Turkana, ebe ogige Koobi Fora dị, Leakey goro ndị na-eme nchọpụta na-eto eto. Ụmụ akwụkwọ ahụ gụnyere John Harris na Bernard Wood. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Brown|first=Frank|title=Early Homo erectus skeleton from west Lake Turkana, Kenya|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/316788a0|journal=Nature|accessdate=3 January 2022|pages=788–792|language=en|doi=10.1038/316788a0|date=August 1985|volume=316|issue=6031|pmid=3929141}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ndị ọzọ nọ ebe ahụ bụ otu ndị Afrịka nọ n'okpuru Kamoya: onye na-ahụ maka ala, Paul Abel, na onye na-ese foto, Bob Campbell. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Paul Abel and Richard Leakey Walking the Shores of Lake Turkana|url=https://vdocument.in/turkana-basin-institute-a-paul-abel-and-richard-leakey-walking-the-shores.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220103044034/https://vdocument.in/turkana-basin-institute-a-paul-abel-and-richard-leakey-walking-the-shores.html|archivedate=3 January 2022|work=Turkana Basin Institute|accessdate=3 January 2022|language=en|date=3 February 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Margaret bụ onye ọkà mmụta ihe ochie. N'adịghị ka nna ya, Richard na-eduzi ogige a na-adọ aka ná ntị ma dị mma, ọ bụ ezie na, iji chọta fossils, ọ manyere njem ahụ karịa ka ọ chọrọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;aoa&quot; /&gt;
N'afọ 1969, nchọpụta nke okpokoro isi nke ''Paranthropus boisei'' kpatara nnukwu obi ụtọ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Paranthropus boisei: cranium|url=https://www.si.edu/object/3d/paranthropus-boisei-cranium:081d5e0b-7181-4ccb-bfbd-9f906930c620|work=Smithsonian Institution|accessdate=3 January 2022|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Okpokoro isi ''Homo rudolfensis'' (KNM ER 1470) na okpokoro isi ''Homo erectus'' (KNM ER 3733), nke a chọpụtara na 1972 na 1975, so n'ihe ndị kachasị mkpa a chọtara na njem Leakey gara aga.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Homo rudolfensis|url=https://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/human-fossils/species/homo-rudolfensis|work=The Smithsonian Institution's Human Origins Program|accessdate=3 January 2022|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 1978, a chọtara okpokoro isi nke ''Homo erectus'' (KNM ER 3883). &lt;ref name=&quot;aoa&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Richard Leakey, Academy Class of 2007, Part 2|url=https://achievement.org/video/richard-leakey-2/|work=Academy of Achievement|accessdate=3 January 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Donald Johanson na Leakey nwere echiche dị iche iche banyere evolushọn mmadụ. Ha nwere arụmụka na Cronkite's Universe, ihe ngosi okwu nke Walter Cronkite kwadoro, na 1981. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Lewin|first=Roger|title=Bones of Contention: Controversies in the Search for Human Origins|year=1987|publisher=[[Simon &amp; Schuster]]|isbn=0-671-52688-X|oclc=15520593|pages=[[iarchive:bonesofcontentio0000unse/page/13/mode/1up|13–14]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ Turkana ===
[[Faịlụ:Turkana_boy_-_steps_of_forensic_facial_reconstruction.jpg|thumb|Turkana Boy - nzọụkwụ nke imezigharị ihu / approximation]]
Nwa okorobịa Turkana, nke Kamoya Kimeu, onye otu ndị otu Leakeys, chọtara n'afọ 1984, bụ ọkpụkpụ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ nke Homo ergaster (ọ bụ ezie na ụfọdụ, gụnyere Leakey, na-akpọ ya erectus) onye nwụrụ afọ nde 1.6 gara aga mgbe ọ dị ihe dị ka afọ 9-12.&lt;ref name=&quot;bloomberg&quot; /&gt;. Leakey na Roger Lewin kọwara ahụmịhe nke nchọpụta a na nkọwa ha banyere ya, n'akwụkwọ ha bụ Origins Reconsidered (1992). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Leakey|first=Richard E.|title=Origins Reconsidered: In Search of What Makes Us Human|url=https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/98908/origins-reconsidered-by-richard-leakey-roger-lewin/|work=Penguin Random House|accessdate=3 January 2022|date=1 October 1993}}&lt;/ref&gt;N'oge na-adịghị anya ka achọpụtara Turkana Boy, Leakey na ndị otu ya mere nchọpụta nke okpokoro isi (KNM WT 17000, nke a maara dị ka &quot;Black Skull&quot;) nke ụdị ọhụrụ, Australopithecus aethiopicus (ma ọ bụ Paranthropus aethiopicus). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Detjen|first=Jim|title=Skull Piece Takes Man a Step Back|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1986-11-14-8603250949-story.html|work=Chicago Tribune|accessdate=3 January 2022|language=en|date=14 November 1986}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Richard hapụrụ paleontology na 1989, mana nwunye ya Meave Leakey na nwa ya nwanyị Louise Leakey na-aga n'ihu na-eme nchọpụta paleontology n'Ebe Ugwu Kenya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Meave G. Leakey|url=https://explorer-directory.nationalgeographic.org/meave-g-leakey|work=National Geographic|accessdate=3 January 2022|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Paleontologist: Dr. Louise Leakey|url=https://www.nationalgeographic.org/article/real-world-geography-louise-leakey/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200509020327/https://www.nationalgeographic.org/article/real-world-geography-louise-leakey/|archivedate=9 May 2020|work=National Geographic|accessdate=3 January 2022|language=en|date=4 April 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nchekwa ==
[[Faịlụ:Richard_Leakey_cropped.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Leakey na 2010]]
N'afọ 1989, Onyeisiala Daniel Arap Moi họpụtara Richard Leakey dị ka onyeisi ngalaba nchekwa na njikwa anụ ọhịa (WMCD) n'ihi mkpu mba ụwa gbasara ịchụ enyí na mmetụta ọ na-enwe n'anụ ọhịa Kenya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|work=Royal African Society|url=http://www.royalafricansociety.org/event/%E2%80%98kenya%E2%80%99s-wildlife-%E2%80%93-predictions-next-decade%E2%80%99-dr-richard-leakey|title='Kenya's wildlife – Predictions for the next decade' with Dr Richard Leakey|date=3 November 2015|accessdate=5 November 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ngalaba ahụ nọchiri anya Kenya Wildlife Service (KWS) na 1990, Leakey ghọkwara onyeisi oche mbụ ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Richard Erskine Leakey|url=https://www.aasciences.africa/fellow/richard-erskine-leakey|work=The African Academy of Sciences|accessdate=3 January 2022|archivedate=2 December 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221202060412/https://www.aasciences.africa/fellow/richard-erskine-leakey}}&lt;/ref&gt; Site na nzọụkwụ siri ike, Leakey mepụtara ndị na-egbochi ịchụ nta n'ụzọ iwu na-akwadoghị pụrụ iche, ndị e nyere ikike ịgba ndị na-achụ nta n&quot;ụzọ iwu na mberede.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jvI-JTP35jMC&amp;q=leakey|title=Lonely Planet Kenya|first=Anthony|author=Ham|publisher=[[Lonely Planet]]|year=2012|isbn=9781743213063}}&lt;/ref&gt; Egwu ịchụ nta n'ụzọ iwu na-akwadoghị belatara nke ukwuu. N'ịbụ onye mgbanwe Leakey nke Kenya Wildlife Service masịrị, Ụlọ Akụ̀ Ụwa kwadoro enyemaka ruru $ 140 nde.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Dr Richard Leakey: A swashbuckler with intent|url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/national/article/2001433322/dr-richard-leakey-a-swashbuckler-with-intent|work=The Standard|accessdate=3 January 2022|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Richard Leakey, Onye isi ala Moi, na WMCD mere isi akụkọ mba ụwa mgbe a gbara ụyọkọ nke tọn 12 nke ọdụ́ ọkụ na 1989 na Nairobi National Park.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Perlez|first=Jane|title=Kenya, In Gesture, Burns Ivory Tusks|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/07/19/world/kenya-in-gesture-burns-ivory-tusks.html|work=The New York Times|accessdate=3 January 2022|date=19 July 1989}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 
Ụzọ Richard Leakey si ese okwu gbasara esemokwu mmadụ na anụ ọhịa n'ogige ntụrụndụ mba emeghị ka ọ bụrụ enyi. Echiche ya bụ na ogige ntụrụndụ bụ usoro ihe ndị dị ndụ nke nwere onwe ha nke a ga-agbachi gburugburu ma gbochie ụmụ mmadụ ịbanye. Àgwà obi ike na nke na-adịghị emebi emebi nke Leakey wutekwara ọtụtụ ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị obodo ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Perlez|first=Jane|date=7 January 1990|title=Can He Save the Elephants?|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/01/07/magazine/can-he-save-the-elephants.html|accessdate=25 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Na 2016, The Perfect World Foundation kpọrọ Leakey Onye Nchekwa Ihe nke Afọ ma merie ihe nrite &quot;The Fragile Rhino&quot; na Elephant Ball na Gothenburg, Sweden.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Another great legend awarded the world's most prestigious conservation prize|url=https://news.cision.com/climate-aid-world-forum/r/another-great-legend-awarded-the-world-s-most-prestigious-conservation-prize,c3466091|work=Climate and World Forum|accessdate=3 January 2022|language=en|date=4 December 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Perfect World Award|url=https://issuu.com/theperfectworldmagazine/docs/the_perfect_world_magazine_english/s/10821636|work=The Perfect World Foundation|accessdate=3 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220103070040/https://issuu.com/theperfectworldmagazine/docs/the_perfect_world_magazine_english/s/10821636|archive-date=3 January 2022|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ihe mberede ụgbọelu ===
In 1993, a small propeller-driven plane piloted by Richard Leakey crashed, crushing his lower legs, both of which were later amputated.&lt;ref name=&quot;natgeo-obit&quot;/&gt; Sabotage was suspected but never proven.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Richard Leakey Tries to Save the Elephants—Again|url=https://www.newsweek.com/2014/09/05/richard-leakey-tries-save-elephants-again-267099.html|author=EDT|first=Graham Boynton On 08/28/14 at 6:33 AM|date=28 August 2014|work=Newsweek|language=en|accessdate=25 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; While in the hospital, Leakey told President Moi, a religious man, not to pray for him, but act on matters pending for the Kenya Wildlife Service. Thereafter, Richard Leakey walked on artificial limbs.&lt;ref name=&quot;guardian2001&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Astill|first=James|title=African warrior|url=https://www.theguardian.com/g2/story/0,3604,565776,00.html|work=The Guardian|date=9 October 2001|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Around this time the Kenyan government announced that a secret probe had found evidence of corruption and mismanagement in the Kenya Wildlife Service. An annoyed Leakey resigned publicly in a press conference in January 1994.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Lorch|first=Donatella|title=Noted Kenya Conservationist Resigning in a Political Storm|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/01/15/world/noted-kenya-conservationist-resigning-in-a-political-storm.html|work=The New York Times|accessdate=3 January 2022|date=15 January 1994}}&lt;/ref&gt; He was replaced by David Western as the head of the Kenya Wildlife Service.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Leakey Renamed KWS Director|url=https://www.awf.org/news/leakey-renamed-kws-director|work=African Wildlife Foundation|accessdate=3 January 2022|language=en|date=1 January 1998}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Richard Leakey dere banyere ahụmịhe ya na Kenya Wildlife Service n'akwụkwọ ya Wildlife Wars: My Fight to Save Africa's Natural Treasures (2001). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Leakey|first=Richard|title=Wildlife Wars: My Fight to Save Africa's Natural Treasures|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iIeWAwAAQBAJ|publisher=Macmillan|accessdate=3 January 2022|language=en|date=19 September 2001|isbn=9780312206260}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ==
[[Faịlụ:Richard_Leakey_2015_(cropped).jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Leakey na 2015]]
In May 1995, Richard Leakey joined some Kenyan intellectuals in launching a new political party – the Safina Party,&lt;ref name=&quot;reuters&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Richard Leakey, Kenyan conservationist who campaigned against ivory trade, has died|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/richard-leakey-kenyan-conservationist-who-campaigned-against-ivory-trade-has-2022-01-02/|work=Reuters|accessdate=3 January 2022|language=en|date=3 January 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; which in Swahili means &quot;[[Igbe Noa|Noah's Ark]]&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;reuters&quot; /&gt; The Safina party was routinely harassed and even its application to become an official political party was not approved until 1997.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Kenya: Current information on Safina Party, especially on arrests of its members in 1995|url=https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6ac974.html|work=Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada|accessdate=3 January 2022|language=en|date=1 April 1996}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 
In 1997, international donor institutions froze their aid to Kenya because of widespread corruption.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Donaldson|first=Andrew|title=Time for Zuma to read his obituary - OPINION {{!}} Politicsweb|url=https://www.politicsweb.co.za/opinion/its-not-to-soon-to-publish-zumas-obituary|work=Politics Web|accessdate=4 January 2022|language=en|date=7 February 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; To placate the donors, Moi appointed Richard Leakey as Cabinet Secretary and head of the civil service in 1999. Leakey's second stint in the civil service lasted two years.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Richard E. Leakey|url=https://www.simonsfoundation.org/people/richard-e-leakey/|work=Simons Foundation|accessdate=3 January 2022|date=10 January 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ chụpụrụ ndị ọrụ gọọmentị 25,000 ma nweta ego ruru nde £250 n'aka International Monetary Fund na World Bank.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Richard Leakey obituary|url=https://www.thetimes.com/uk/article/richard-leakey-obituary-ccmf6k9x2|work=[[The Times]]|accessdate=3 January 2022|language=en|date=3 January 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; However, Leakey found himself sidelined after the money arrived, and his reforms were blocked in the courts. He was sacked from his cabinet post in 2001.&lt;ref name=&quot;guardian2001&quot; /&gt;{{Cite news|author=Astill|first=James|title=African warrior|url=https://www.theguardian.com/g2/story/0,3604,565776,00.html|work=The Guardian|date=9 October 2001|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== United States ==
Leakey hapụrụ Kenya gaa US na 2002 wee ghọọ prọfesọ nke anthropology na Mahadum Stony Brook, New York. Ọ bụkwa onye isi oche nke Turkana Basin Institute . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Bjell|first=Scott|title=About TBI|url=https://www.turkanabasin.org/about/|work=Turkana Basin Institute|accessdate=3 January 2022|date=8 August 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2004, Leakey guzobere ma bụrụ onyeisi oche WildlifeDirect, otu ọrụ ebere dị na Kenya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Tribute for Dr. Richard Leakey|url=https://wildlifedirect.org/portfolio-items/tribute-for-dr-richard-leakey/?portfolioCats=77|work=WildlifeDirect|accessdate=3 January 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; E hiwere ọrụ ebere a iji nye ndị na-echekwa ihe ndị dị ndụ n'Africa nkwado ozugbo site na iji blọgụ. Nke a na-enye ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu ohere ịrụ ọrụ kpọmkwem na mmekọrịta n'ịlanarị ụfọdụ n'ime ụdị anụmanụ kacha baa uru n'ụwa. Òtù ahụ rụrụ ọrụ dị mkpa n'ịzọpụta gorilla ugwu nke Democratic Republic of Congo na Virunga National Park na Jenụwarị 2007 mgbe nnupụisi ndị nnupụisi yiri egwu iwepụ ndị nọ n'ihe ize ndụ dị ukwuu.&lt;ref name=&quot;natgeo-obit&quot;/&gt;

N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2007, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye isi oche nke Transparency International's Kenya.&lt;ref name=&quot;bloomberg&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Richard Leakey, Who Found 'Turkana Boy' Fossil, Dies at 77|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-01-03/richard-leakey-who-found-turkana-boy-fossil-dies-at-77|work=Bloomberg|accessdate=3 January 2022|date=3 January 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'otu afọ ahụ, a họpụtara Leakey ka ọ bụrụ Fellow nke Royal Society  ma nata Golden Plate Award nke American Academy of Achievement . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://royalsociety.org/uploadedFiles/Royal_Society_Content/about-us/fellowship/Fellows1660-2007.pdf|title=Royal Society- Fellows 1660–2007|publisher=Royal Society|accessdate=8 March 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement|work=www.achievement.org|publisher=[[American Academy of Achievement]]|url=https://achievement.org/our-history/golden-plate-awards/#science-exploration}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na June 2013, e nyere Leakey onyinye Isaac Asimov Science Award site na American Humanist Association . 

== Onyinye ==
Ọrụ Leakey na-eme ka a mata Afrịka dị ka ebe a mụrụ ụmụ mmadụ, nke nyere aka dị ka ihe akaebe na ụmụ mmadụ mbụ biri na kọntinent Afrịka. A maara ya dị ka onye na-eduzi mkpọsa iji kwụsị ịchụ nta na Kenya.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Ewezuga onyinye ya na ọrụ ọha na eze, a maara ya na o nyere aka nke ukwuu na ọrụ ọha; &quot;E wezụga ọrụ ya pụrụ iche na ọrụ ọha, a na-eme Dr Leakey emume maka ọrụ ya dị mkpa na ọha mmadụ nke Kenya ebe o guzobere ma nwee ihe ịga nke ọma na-elekọta ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ, &quot; ka Maazị Kenyatta kwuru.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|date=2022-01-03|title=Richard Leakey: Kenyan conservationist dies aged 77|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-59855445|accessdate=2023-04-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ịlaghachi Kenya ==
[[Faịlụ:RichardLeakeyELA.jpg|thumb|Ihe osise nke Richard Leakey (2014), nke Patrick L. Gallegos dere]]
Na 2015, Onyeisiala Uhuru Kenyatta họpụtara Leakey onyeisi oche nke bọọdụ nke Kenya Wildlife Service. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ onyeisi oche kama ịbụ onye nduzi, Leakey rụrụ ọrụ dị mkpa na amụma KWS..&lt;ref name=&quot;guardian2001&quot; /&gt;. O mere nkwekọrịta maka ịgbatị Mombasa-Nairobi Standard Gauge Railway, na-enye ohere ka ụzọ ụgbọ okporo ígwè gafee Nairobi National Park na viaduct dị mita 18 n'ogologo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Njugunah|first=Margaret|title=Kenya: SGR to Pass Over the Nairobi National Park|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201609141076.html|work=Capital FM (Nairobi)|date=14 September 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Leakey chere na viaduct ahụ ga-esetịpụ ihe nlereanya maka Afrịka ndị ọzọ n'ịkwado mmepe akụ na ụba na nchedo gburugburu ebe obibi. Otú ọ dị, ndị ọzọ na-echekwa ihe na Kenya emegidewo iwu ụgbọ okporo ígwè n'ogige ntụrụndụ ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Kahumbu|first=Paula|title=Opposing camps to hold dialogue on railway through Nairobi National Park|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/africa-wild/2016/oct/25/opposing-camps-to-hold-dialogue-on-railway-through-nairobi-national-park|work=The Guardian|date=25 October 2016|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Angelina Jolie]] ga-eduzi ihe nkiri banyere ndụ Leakey, na Leakey na mbido 2016 na-ekwupụta obi ike ya na a ga-agba ihe nkiri ahụ na Kenya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Boynton|first=Graham|title=Richard Leakey: What does Angelina Jolie see in this man?|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/film-news/11114617/Richard-Leakey-What-does-Angelina-Jolie-see-in-this-man.html|work=The Telegraph|date=23 September 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ onwe onye na ọnwụ ==
Leakey na-asụ asụsụ Kiswahili nke ọma ma na-agagharị n'etiti obodo ndị ọcha na ndị isi ojii n'enweghị nsogbu. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ naghị ekwukarị gbasara agbụrụ n'ihu ọha, ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na enweghị aha nhata nwoke na nwanyị kpasuru ya iwe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Kahumbu|first=Paula|date=2022-02-18|title=Richard Leakey (1944—2022)|url=https://archive.org/details/science_2022-02-18_375_6582/page/723|journal=Science|language=en|volume=375|issue=6582|pages=723|doi=10.1126/science.abo2200|pmid=35175803|issn=0036-8075}}&lt;/ref&gt; Leakey kwuru na ya bụ Onye na-ekweghị na Chineke  na onye na-ahụ maka ọdịmma mmadụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Leakey|first=Richard E.|title=One Life: Richard E. Leakey: An Autobiography|date=1984|publisher=Salem House Pub|isbn=978-0881620559}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Leakey si n'ezinụlọ ndị ọkà mmụta ihe ochie a ma ama. Nne ya, Mary Leakey, chọpụtara ihe akaebe na 1978 na nwoke ahụ gara n'ihu karịa ka e chere. Ya na di ya, Louis Leakey, gwupụtara okpokoro isi nke ụmụ mmadụ mbụ yiri enwe, na-enye ìhè ọhụrụ na ndị nna nna anyị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Siad|first=Arnaud|date=2022-01-02|title=World-renowned Kenyan conservationist Richard Leakey dies at 77|url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/01/02/world/richard-leakey-death/index.html|accessdate=2023-04-29|work=CNN|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A chọpụtara na Leakey nwere ọrịa akụrụ na-egbu egbu na 1969. Afọ iri ka nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ dara ọrịa nke ukwuu mana nwanne ya nwoke, Philip, gbanwere akụrụ ya, wee gbakee n'ọrịa zuru oke.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Neuman|first=Scott|date=3 January 2022|title=Famed fossil hunter and conservationist Richard Leakey dies at 77|url=https://www.npr.org/2022/01/03/1069888035/famed-fossil-hunter-and-conservationist-richard-leakey-dies-at-77|accessdate=4 January 2022|work=NPR|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ nwụrụ n'ụlọ ya na mpụga Nairobi, na 2 Jenụwarị 2022,  ihe na-erughị otu ọnwa mgbe ọ gachara afọ iri asaa na asaa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.president.go.ke/2022/01/02/message-of-condolence-from-h-e-hon-uhuru-kenyatta-following-the-death-of-former-head-of-public-service-dr-richard-leakey/|title=Message of Condolence from H.E Hon. Uhuru Kenyatta following the death of former Head of Public Service Dr Richard Leakey|first=Uhuru|author=Kenyatta|authorlink=Uhuru Kenyatta|date=2 January 2021|accessdate=12 November 2025|archivedate=2 January 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220102164141/https://www.president.go.ke/2022/01/02/message-of-condolence-from-h-e-hon-uhuru-kenyatta-following-the-death-of-former-head-of-public-service-dr-richard-leakey/}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2 January 2022|title=Renowned Kenyan conservationist Richard Leakey dies aged 77|url=https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20220102-renowned-kenyan-conservationist-richard-leakey-dies-aged-77|accessdate=2 January 2022|work=France 24|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2022/jan/02/fossil-hunter-richard-leakey-who-showed-humans-evolved-in-africa-dies-at-77|title=Fossil hunter Richard Leakey who showed humans evolved in Africa dies at 77|work=[[TheGuardian.com]]|date=2 January 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dabere na ọchịchọ ya, e liri ya n'elu ugwu dị n'akụkụ Rift Valley.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=|first=|date=2022-01-03|title=Richard Leakey Laid To Rest On A Hill Along Rift Valley|url=https://citizenwitness.co.ke/index.php/2022/01/03/richard-leakey-laid-to-rest-on-a-hill-along-rift-valley/|accessdate=2022-01-03|work=Citizen Witness|language=en|archivedate=2022-01-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220103144326/https://citizenwitness.co.ke/index.php/2022/01/03/richard-leakey-laid-to-rest-on-a-hill-along-rift-valley/}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Leakey family tree}}

== Akwụkwọ ==
[[Faịlụ:Richard_Leakey_(15202106600)_(2)_(cropped).jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Leakey na 2014]]
Ọrụ mbụ Leakey bipụtara gụnyere Origins na The People of the Lake (ha abụọ na Roger Lewin dị ka onye edemede), The Illustrated Origin of Species, na The Making of Mankind (1981).

* ''Mmalite ya''(ya na Roger Lewin) (Dutton, 1977) 
* ''Ndị Ọdọ Mmiri: Ụmụ Mmadụ na Mmalite ya'' (ya na Roger Lewin) (Anchor Press/Doubleday, 1978) 
* Ime nke Ụmụ Mmadụ (Penguin USA, 1981) 
* ''Otu Ndụ: Akụkọ ndụ'' (Salem House, 1983) 
* Origins Reconsidered (ya na Roger Lewin) (Doubleday, 1992) 
* ''Mmalite nke Ụmụ Mmadụ'' (Perseus Books Group, 1994) 
* The Sixth Extinction (ya na Roger Lewin) (Bantam Dell Pub Group, 1995) 
* Agha Anụ Ọhịa: Agha m iji chekwaa akụ okike nke Africa (ya na Virginia Morell) (St. Martin's Press, 2001) 

== Hụkwa ==

* Ndepụta nke ebe ndị e gwupụtara n'ala '' (nke nwere ndepụta njikọ) '' 
* Ndepụta nke fossils evolushọn mmadụ '' (nke nwere ihe oyiyi) '' 

== Edemsibia ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Otú:All articles with unsourced statements]]
[[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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    <title>Nkwuputa N'asụsụ Dị N'Otu</title>
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      <text bytes="40626" sha1="00p34mpz1d1xrdgwfp25i9xjz26lu0g" xml:space="preserve">''Nkwupụta'' na Asụsụ Dị n'Otu bụ nke òtù ndị ụbụrụ na-aghọ nkọ na ndị òtù na-abụghị gọọmentị nwé ndị si [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]], Croatia, Montenegro na [[Serbia]] wepụtara n'afọ 2017 bụ ndị na-arụ ọrụ n'okpuru ọkọlọtọ nke ọrụ a na-akpọ &quot;Asụsụ na Inwere onwe nke Mba&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kord2024&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Kordić|first=Snježana|editor=Motoki Nomachi; Tomasz Kamusella|title=Languages and Nationalism Instead of Empires|publisher=Routledge|series=Routledge Histories of Central and Eastern Europe|pages=172–173|chapter=Ideology Against Language: The Current Situation in South Slavic Countries|chapterurl=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/372202077|language=en|location=London|year=2024|doi=10.4324/9781003034025-11|isbn=978-0-367-47191-0|oclc=1390118985|accessdate=2024-01-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Faịlụ:Television_cameras_at_Press_conference_in_Sarajevo.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|220x220px|Nnukwu mmasị nke Ụlọ ọrụ telivishọn na nzukọ ndị nta akụkọ mere banyere ''Nkwupụta'' ahụ]]
Tupu emee ngosi ọha na eze ọ bụla, ihe karịrị ndị edemede, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị, ndị nta akụkọ, ndị na-eme mkpọsa a ma ama dị narị abụọ na ndị ọzọ si mba anọ ahụ bịanyere aka na ''Nkwupụta'' ahụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;Trudgill&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Trudgill|first=Peter|authorlink=Peter Trudgill|date=30 November 2017|title=Time to Make Four into One|url=https://archive.org/details/PeterTrudgillTimeToMakeFourIntoOne2017|publisher=The New European|accessdate=18 June 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Šipka|first=Danko|year=2019|title=Lexical layers of identity: words, meaning, and culture in the Slavic languages|location=New York|publisher=Cambridge University Press|doi=10.1017/9781108685795|isbn=978-953-313-086-6|oclc=1061308790|quote=2017, a group of over 200 intellectuals (mostly writers, actors, but also numerous linguists) published a declaration on the common language, which, among others, claimed that Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian, and Montenegrin are not separate languages but rather variants of the common language.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe e bipụtara ya, ihe karịrị mmadụ puku iri si n'akụkụ niile nke mpaghara ahụ bịanyere aka na ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Mader Skender|first=Mia|title=Die kroatische Standardsprache auf dem Weg zur Ausbausprache|language=German|chapter=Deklaracija o zajedničkom jeziku|url=https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/215815/|format=PDF|publisher=University of Zurich, Faculty of Arts, Institute of Slavonic Studies|series=UZH Dissertations|pages=81–84|location=Zurich|year=2022|doi=10.5167/uzh-215815|accessdate=2022-03-03|quote=Die Liste kann auf der genannten Seite eingesehen werden und zählt mittlerweile weit mehr als 10.000 Unterschriften.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250212225841/https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/215815/|archive-date=2025-02-12|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nkwupụta na Asụsụ Dị n'Otu bụ mgbalị iji gbochie òtù ndị nkewa na mba ndị ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|first=Sven|author=Milekić|date=30 March 2017|title=Post-Yugoslav 'Common Language' Declaration Challenges Nationalism|url=http://www.balkaninsight.com/en/article/post-yugoslav-common-language-declaration-challenges-nationalism-03-29-2017|publisher=Balkan Insight|archivedate=27 April 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170427234436/http://www.balkaninsight.com/en/article/post-yugoslav-common-language-declaration-challenges-nationalism-03-29-2017|accessdate=18 June 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ebumnuche ya bụ ịkpali mkparịta ụka banyere asụsụ na-enweghị nkewa mba na mba yana inye aka na usoro ime udo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Economist&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=J.|first=T.|date=10 April 2017|title=Is Serbo-Croatian a Language?|url=http://www.economist.com/blogs/economist-explains/2017/04/economist-explains-4|work=The Economist|accessdate=18 June 2019}} [http://www.b92.net/info/vesti/index.php?yyyy=2017&amp;mm=04&amp;dd=10&amp;nav_category=12&amp;nav_id=1248942 Alt URL]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe dị n'ime Nkwupụta ahụ ==
''Nkwupụta'' ahụ na-ekwu na Ndị Bosnia, Ndị Croatia, Ndị Montenegro na Ndị Serbia nwere otu asụsụ nke ụdị [[Pluricentric language|polycentric]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Predstavljena Deklaracija o zajedničkom jeziku|language=sh|work=TV news Vesti|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZKsSwZXw0pE|publisher=B92|date=30 March 2017|accessdate=18 June 2019}} min 0.13&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|first=Jean-Arnault|author=Dérens|date=1 July 2017|title=La langue sans nom des Balkans|language=fr|url=https://www.monde-diplomatique.fr/2017/07/DERENS/57651|work=Le Monde diplomatique|archivedate=5 July 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170705081357/http://www.monde-diplomatique.fr/2017/07/DERENS/57651|accessdate=18 March 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ na-ezo aka n'eziokwu ahụ bụ na ndị mmadụ anọ ahụ na-ekwurịta okwu nke ọma n'enweghị onye ntụgharị n'ihi nghọta ha, nke bụ echiche dị mkpa mgbe ha na-ekwu maka asụsụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Drakulić|first=Slavenka|title=U tranziciji pisci su gubitnici (intervju vodio Vladimir Matković)|language=sh|url=https://www.danas.rs/kultura/u-tranziciji-pisci-su-gubitnici/|work=Danas|archivedate=19 April 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210419153606/https://www.danas.rs/kultura/u-tranziciji-pisci-su-gubitnici/|date=30 March 2018|accessdate=18 June 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Bahrer|first=Manuel|date=1 October 2018|title=Zajednički jezik nema veze s Jugoslavijom|language=sh|url=http://bib.irb.hr/datoteka/965944.Intervju-Kosmo-2018.png|publisher=[[:de:Kosmo (Magazin)|Kosmo]]|accessdate=18 June 2019|archivedate=27 March 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327085935/http://bib.irb.hr/datoteka/965944.Intervju-Kosmo-2018.png}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Deklaracja o wspólnym języku|first=Sadowska-Lasyk|author=Kamila|language=pl|url=http://balkanistyka.org/deklaracja-o-wspolnym-jezyku-serbii-czarnogory-chorwacji-i-bosni-i-hercegowiny/|publisher=Stowarzyszenie Bałkanistyka|date=2017-03-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200220195754/http://balkanistyka.org/deklaracja-o-wspolnym-jezyku-serbii-czarnogory-chorwacji-i-bosni-i-hercegowiny/|archivedate=2020-02-20|accessdate=2023-05-07}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọzọkwa, ọ na-egosi na Iwu asụsụ dị ugbu a nke na-ekwusi ike maka ọdịiche emeela ka ọtụtụ ihe na-adịghị mma dị, nke mere na á na-amanye ''Nkwupụta'' asụsụ dị ka ụkpụrụ nke njikọ agbụrụ na mba o nọ na ya, na ụzọ isi kwado iguzosi ike n'ihe ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị.&lt;ref name=&quot;Economist&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Kordić|first=Snježana|date=26 February 2018|title=Dan materinskog jezika (intervju vodila Ines Baždalić)|language=sh|url=http://bib.irb.hr/datoteka/935897.Intervju_SK_BH_radio_26-2-2018-Ines_Badali-Epicentar.WAV|work=Radio show Epicentar|publisher=BH Radio 1|accessdate=18 June 2019|archivedate=7 August 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180807124901/http://bib.irb.hr/datoteka/935897.Intervju_SK_BH_radio_26-2-2018-Ines_Badali-Epicentar.WAV}}, min 26:12&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|first=Nikola|author=Vučić|title=Bosanski, srpski, hrvatski i &quot;logika sirovog nacionalizma&quot;|language=sh|work=TV news Dnevnik u 19|url=http://ba.n1info.com/a297253/Vijesti/Vijesti/Izjasnjavanje-roditelja-o-jeziku-u-sarajevskim-skolama.html|publisher=N1|date=14 December 2018|accessdate=18 June 2019|archivedate=20 November 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181120031155/http://ba.n1info.com/a297253/Vijesti/Vijesti/Izjasnjavanje-roditelja-o-jeziku-u-sarajevskim-skolama.html}} 2:13 min&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|first=Paula|author=Bobanović|date=14 April 2018|title=Chomsky: Hrvati, Srbi i Bošnjaci govore isti jezik|language=sh|url=https://www.express.hr/kultura/chomsky-hrvati-srbi-i-bosnjaci-govore-isti-jezik-14973|publisher=Express.hr|archivedate=7 August 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180807155526/https://www.express.hr/kultura/chomsky-hrvati-srbi-i-bosnjaci-govore-isti-jezik-14973|accessdate=18 June 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Nkwupụta'' ahụ na-ekwu na asụsụ na ndị mmadụ ekwesịghị ikwekọ, nakwa na steeti ma ọ bụ mba ọ bụla nwere ike ịhazi ụdị nke ya nke asụsụ a na-asụkarị, nakwa na ụdị anọ ahụ nwere ọnọdụ dị nhatanha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Deklaracija o zajedničkom jeziku predstavljena u Sarajevu|language=sh|work=TV news Vijesti|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cAjm5pbRwaQ|publisher=Al Jazeera|date=30 March 2017|accessdate=18 June 2019}} min 1.07&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|first=Jakov|author=Avram|title=Jezik, Deklaracija i politika|language=sh|work=TV show Kontekst|url=http://balkans.aljazeera.net/video/kontekst-jezik-deklaracija-i-politika|publisher=Al Jazeera|date=30 March 2017|archivedate=1 April 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170401174913/http://balkans.aljazeera.net/video/kontekst-jezik-deklaracija-i-politika|accessdate=18 June 2019}} [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aOR5VWn5EMs Alt URL] min 21.42&lt;/ref&gt; Nkwupụta ahụ na-akpọ oku ka e wepụ ụdị niile nke ịkpa ókè asụsụ na ịkpa ókè n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ọha na eze.&lt;ref name=&quot;MiaDuhacek&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|first=Goran|author=Duhaček|date=28 March 2017|title=Deklaracija o zajedničkom jeziku uzbunit će duhove; evo što kažu njeni potpisnici|language=sh|url=https://www.tportal.hr/kultura/clanak/deklaracija-o-zajednickom-jeziku-uzbunit-ce-duhove-evo-sto-kazu-njeni-potpisnici-20170328|publisher=T-portal|archivedate=3 April 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170403041015/https://www.tportal.hr/kultura/clanak/deklaracija-o-zajednickom-jeziku-uzbunit-ce-duhove-evo-sto-kazu-njeni-potpisnici-20170328|accessdate=18 June 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|first=Krejčí|author=Pavel|title=Декларация за общ език (Deklaracija o zajedničkom jeziku, 2017): антинационалистическа провокация или рефлексия на обективната реалност?|language=bg|journal=Balkanistic Forum|volume=33|issue=2|year=2024|issn=1310-3970|pages=298–312}}&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ na-akwadokwa nnwere onwe ịhọrọ onwe na nkwanye ùgwù maka ọdịiche asụsụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|first=Amir|author=Zukić|title=Gošća Pressinga Snježana Kordić|language=sh|work=TV show Pressing|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lwvedwnv24U|publisher=N1|date=29 March 2017|accessdate=18 June 2019}} 53:15 min&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ mba ụwa &quot;Asụsụ na Nationalisms&quot; ==
The ''Declaration'' followed the international project Languages and Nationalisms&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|first=Goran|author=Duhaček|date=14 April 2017|title=Izložba 'Izbor političkih performansa u Hrvatskoj od 2000. do danas'|language=sh|url=https://www.tportal.hr/kultura/clanak/izlozba-izbor-politickih-performansa-u-hrvatskoj-od-2000-do-danas-20170414|publisher=T-portal|archivedate=20 April 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170420020751/https://www.tportal.hr/kultura/clanak/izlozba-izbor-politickih-performansa-u-hrvatskoj-od-2000-do-danas-20170414|accessdate=18 June 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|first=Tina|author=Barbarić|date=24 October 2017|title=Ovi politički performansi obilježili su noviju hrvatsku povijest|language=sh|url=https://www.tportal.hr/kultura/clanak/evo-koji-su-politicki-perfrormansi-obiljezili-modernu-hrvatsku-povijest-foto-20171023|publisher=T-portal|archivedate=25 October 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171025182952/https://www.tportal.hr/kultura/clanak/evo-koji-su-politicki-perfrormansi-obiljezili-modernu-hrvatsku-povijest-foto-20171023|accessdate=18 June 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Bodrozic&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|first=Ivana|author=Bodrožić|authorlink=Ivana Bodrožić|date=30 March 2017|title=Govor na predstavljanju Deklaracije u Sarajevu|language=sh|url=http://www.vecernji.hr/hrvatska/bodrozic-ne-stvaramo-jugoslavenski-jezik-1159780|archivedate=1 April 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170401225127/http://www.vecernji.hr/hrvatska/bodrozic-ne-stvaramo-jugoslavenski-jezik-1159780|accessdate=18 June 2019}} [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7FQe5p3NFIo Alt URL]&lt;/ref&gt; (founded by two German foundations: [[:de:Forum Ziviler Friedensdienst|Forum Ziviler Friedensdienst]] and [[:de:Allianz Kulturstiftung|Allianz Kulturstiftung]]), within which conferences were held in the four countries during 2016, thus providing an insight into the current situation and problems.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Konferencija ''Jezici i nacionalizmi''|language=sh|work=TV show Novi dan|url=http://ba.n1info.com/a123799/Video/Info/Konferencija-Jezici-i-nacionalizmi.html|publisher=N1|date=22 November 2016|accessdate=18 June 2019|archivedate=28 December 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161228221004/http://ba.n1info.com/a123799/Video/Info/Konferencija-Jezici-i-nacionalizmi.html}} 15. min&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=28 March 2017|title=Serbokroatisch/Kroatoserbisch: neue Deklaration über gemeinsame Sprache|language=de|url=http://www.kosmo.at/serbo-kroatisch-neue-deklaration-ueber-gemeinsame-sprache/|publisher=Kosmo|archivedate=7 August 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180807155905/https://www.kosmo.at/serbo-kroatisch-neue-deklaration-ueber-gemeinsame-sprache/|accessdate=18 June 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; The project was inspired by the book ''[[:sh:Jezik i nacionalizam|Language and Nationalism]]'',&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Bugarski|first=Ranko|authorlink=Ranko Bugarski|title=&quot;The Declaration on the Common Language&quot;: A View from the Inside|journal=Aegean Working Papers in Ethnographic Linguistics|volume=2|issue=2|year=2019|doi=10.12681/awpel.22595|url=https://ejournals.epublishing.ekt.gr/index.php/awpel/article/view/22595/19212|format=PDF|accessdate=2022-07-17}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Srbi, Hrvati, Bošnjaci i Crnogorci govore istim jezikom|language=sh|work=TV show N1 na jedan|url=http://ba.n1info.com/a123713/Vijesti/Vijesti/Snjezana-Kordic-u-vezi-jezika.html|publisher=N1|date=21 November 2016|accessdate=18 June 2019|archivedate=1 December 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201043043/http://ba.n1info.com/a123713/Vijesti/Vijesti/Snjezana-Kordic-u-vezi-jezika.html}} 25 min&lt;/ref&gt; and was organized by four non-governmental organizations from each of the countries included: P.E.N. Center Bosnia-Herzegovina from Sarajevo, the Association Kurs from Split, Krokodil from Belgrade and the Civic Education Center from Podgorica.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Regionalne ekspertske konferencije: Jezici i nacionalizmi|language=sh|url=http://www.vijesti.me/caffe/regionalne-ekspertske-konferencije-jezici-i-nacionalizmi-881803|work=Vijesti|date=1 April 2016|accessdate=18 June 2019|archive-date=1 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201040852/http://www.vijesti.me/caffe/regionalne-ekspertske-konferencije-jezici-i-nacionalizmi-881803|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; An interdisciplinary series of expert conferences in Podgorica, Split, Belgrade and Sarajevo took place under participation of linguists, journalists, anthropologists and others.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Uzdizanje čistog govora vodi u lingvicizam|language=sh|url=http://www.danas.rs/drustvo.55.html?news_id=329337&amp;title=Uzdizanje+%C4%8Distog+govora+vodi+u+lingvicizam|work=Danas|archivedate=18 March 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220318081848/http://www.danas.rs/drustvo.55.html?news_id=329337&amp;title=Uzdizanje+%C4%8Distog+govora+vodi+u+lingvicizam|date=7 October 2016|accessdate=18 June 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|first=Dragan|author=Banjac|title=Kradu li nacionalisti jezik?|language=sh|url=http://balkans.aljazeera.net/vijesti/kradu-li-nacionalisti-jezik|publisher=Al Jazeera|archivedate=22 February 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170222201528/http://balkans.aljazeera.net/vijesti/kradu-li-nacionalisti-jezik|date=9 October 2016|accessdate=18 June 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Numerous audiences were also included.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Duilo|first=Dražen|title=A što ako Srbi i Hrvati imaju zajednički jezik?|language=sh|url=http://www.slobodnadalmacija.hr/scena/kultura/clanak/id/313000/a-sto-ako-srbi-i-hrvati-imaju-zajednicki-jezik|work=Slobodna Dalmacija|date=19 May 2016|accessdate=18 June 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|first=Dušan|author=Komarčević|title=Čiji je naš jezik?|work=Radio Slobodna Evropa|language=sh|url=http://www.slobodnaevropa.org/a/ciji-je-nas-jezik/28034800.html|publisher=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty|date=6 October 2016|accessdate=18 June 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; The titles of debates on the conferences were:
 
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Usoro Nzukọ ndị ọkachamara mba ụwa Asụsụ na Ịhụ Mba N'anya na 2016
!Ebe
!Aha arụmụka
!Ụbọchị
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Podgorica
|Onye ọ bụla nọ na Montenegro ọ na-asụ asụsụ dị iche?
|21 Eprel
|-
|Gịnị bụ ebumnuche nke ịbawanye ọdịiche asụsụ?
|22 Eprel
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Nkewa
|Ọgba aghara ọ na-eyi egwu ma ọ bụrụ na anyị enyeghị iwu ka anyị kwuo okwu?
|19 Mee
|-
|Gịnị ma ọ bụrụ na ndị Croatia na ndị Serbia nwere otu asụsụ?
|20 Mee
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Belgrade
|Ònye bụ onye na-ezu ohi asụsụ ahụ?
|5 Ọktoba
|-
|Echiche nke asụsụ ziri ezi
|6 Ọktoba
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sarajevo
|Nchịkwa ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke isiokwu nke asụsụ
|23 Nọvemba
|-
|Ndị na-agba akaebe dị ka ndị na-atụ ụtụ isi
|24 Nọvemba
|}

== Okike nke Nkwupụta ahụ ==
Ihe karịrị ndị ọkachamara iri atọ sonyere na idepụta ''Nkwupụta'' ahụ, ọkara n'ime ha bụ ndị ọkà mmụta asụsụ  ndị si mba dị iche iche sitere na steeti anọ ahụ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Kordić|first=Snježana|date=23 February 2018|title=Jezik kao sredstvo ideološke propagande&amp;nbsp;(intervju vodila Bojana Marić)|language=sh|url=http://bib.irb.hr/datoteka/935893.Intervju_SK_BH_radio_23-2-2018-Bojana_Mari_Otvoreni_studio.WAV|work=Radio show Otvoreni studio|publisher=BH Radio 1|accessdate=18 June 2018|archivedate=7 August 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180807155315/http://bib.irb.hr/datoteka/935893.Intervju_SK_BH_radio_23-2-2018-Bojana_Mari_Otvoreni_studio.WAV}}, min 3:00&lt;/ref&gt; Usoro ide ya ede weere ọtụtụ ọnwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;VLDerk&quot; /&gt; Atụmatụ a pụtara ozugbo nzukọ ikpeazụ e mere na Sarajevo gasịrị, mgbe ndị na-eto eto si Bosnia-Herzegovina ndị ọ metụtara bụ nkewa agụmakwụkwọ na ihe a na-akpọ &quot;ụlọ akwụkwọ abụọ n'okpuru otu ụlọ  cheputara echiche nke ide ederede nke ga-agba ume iweta mgbanwe nke Iwu asụsụ na mba anọ ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|first=Rajka|author=Glušica|title=Glušica: Ako se dobro razumijemo – govorimo jednim jezikom|language=sh|work=TV show Novi dan (host Minela Jašar)|url=http://ba.n1info.com/a145947/Vijesti/Vijesti/Glusica-Ako-se-dobro-razumijemo-govorimo-jednim-jezikom.html|publisher=N1|date=30 March 2017|accessdate=18 June 2019|quote=Cilj tih konferencija nije bio deklaracija, već se to desilo spontano na konferenciji u Sarajevu kada je predložila grupa mladih ljudi.|archivedate=1 December 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201080755/http://ba.n1info.com/a145947/Vijesti/Vijesti/Glusica-Ako-se-dobro-razumijemo-govorimo-jednim-jezikom.html}} min 1.50&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Vlašić|first=Nela|date=31 March 2017|title=Mali jezik, velika larma roda moga|language=sh|url=http://www.autograf.hr/mali-jezik-velika-larma-roda-moga/|publisher=Autograf.hr|archivedate=30 May 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170530124146/http://www.autograf.hr/mali-jezik-velika-larma-roda-moga/|accessdate=18 June 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Kordić|first=Snježana|title=Kordić: Nacionalizam se zahuktava i danas|language=sh|work=TV show Novi dan (host Alma Dautbegović-Voloder)|url=http://ba.n1info.com/a245836/Video/Kordic-Nacionalizam-se-zahuktava-i-danas.html|publisher=N1|date=27 February 2018|accessdate=18 June 2019|quote=Kao prvo da spomenem ipak, jer smo u Sarajevu, da je to bila inicijativa mladih ljudi iz Sarajeva i onda se proširila na intelektualce iz sve četiri države.|archivedate=7 August 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180807125437/http://ba.n1info.com/a245836/Video/Kordic-Nacionalizam-se-zahuktava-i-danas.html}} min 9.44&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Posteno&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|first=Duška|author=Jurišić|title=O provokaciji ili dekontaminaciji|language=sh|work=TV show Pošteno|url=http://www.federalna.ba/bhs/vijest/198793/03042017|publisher=Federalna televizija|date=3 April 2017|accessdate=18 June 2019|archivedate=11 April 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170411221148/http://www.federalna.ba/bhs/vijest/198793/03042017}} min 14.00&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Lasic&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Lasić|first=Igor|title=Četiri naziva uzgajaju zabludu o četiri jezika|language=sh|url=http://www.portalnovosti.com/snjezana-kordic-cetiri-naziva-uzgajaju-zabludu-o-cetiri-jezika|publisher=Novosti|pages=16–17|archivedate=22 January 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170122132038/http://www.portalnovosti.com/snjezana-kordic-cetiri-naziva-uzgajaju-zabludu-o-cetiri-jezika|date=13 January 2017|accessdate=18 June 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ha kpọrọ ederede ahụ Declaration on the Common Language  ma nye ya ndị ọkà mmụta asụsụ ọkachamara idegharị ya,  nke mere na e dezigharịrị Nkwuputa ahụ na Zagreb n'ọnwa ndị sochirinụ, mere na e enwere ike ịkpọ ya &quot;Nkwuputa Zagreb&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;VLDerk&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Derk|first=Denis|title=Donosi se Deklaracija o zajedničkom jeziku Hrvata, Srba, Bošnjaka i Crnogoraca|language=sh|url=http://www.vecernji.hr/hrvatska/deklaracija-o-zajednickom-jeziku-iz-zagreba-donosi-se-30-ozujka-u-sarajevu-1159142|pages=6–7|date=28 March 2017|archivedate=20 September 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170920235101/https://www.vecernji.hr/vijesti/deklaracija-o-zajednickom-jeziku-iz-zagreba-donosi-se-30-ozujka-u-sarajevu-1159142|accessdate=26 June 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Grozdanic&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Grozdanić|first=Dragan|title=Bez tlake na jeziku|language=sh|url=http://www.portalnovosti.com/bez-tlake-na-jeziku|publisher=Novosti|pages=4–6|date=31 March 2017|archivedate=8 June 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170608215103/http://www.portalnovosti.com/bez-tlake-na-jeziku|accessdate=18 June 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Derk|first=Denis|title=Lokalni političari iz zajedničkog stvorili četiri nova jezika|language=sh|url=https://www.vecernji.hr/vijesti/lokalni-politicari-iz-zajednickog-stvorili-cetiri-nova-jezika-1159671|date=31 March 2017|archivedate=21 September 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170921145909/https://www.vecernji.hr/vijesti/lokalni-politicari-iz-zajednickog-stvorili-cetiri-nova-jezika-1159671|accessdate=18 June 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dị ka ịga n'ihu nke ọrụ Languages and Nationalisms, e guzobere kọmitii nke ndị ọkachamara si mba dị iche iche sitere na mba anọ ahụ niile nke rụrụ ọrụ na mbipụta ikpeazụ nke ''Nkwupụta'' ahụ na 16 na 17 Jenụwarị 2017 na Zagreb.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lasic&quot;/&gt; Mgbe nzukọ ahụ gasịrị, e zigara ihe odide ahụ nye ihe dị ka ndị ndụmọdụ iri abụọ, ndị e tinyere atụmatụ ha n'ụdị ikpeazụ nke ederede ahụ.

== Nkwuputa N'ihu Ọha nke Nkwupụta ahụ ==
[[Faịlụ:Collecting_signatures_for_the_Declaration_on_the_Common_Language.jpg|thumb|Ịnakọta mbinye aka maka ''Nkwupụta'' ahụ]]
''Nkwupụta'' na Asụsụ A Na-ahụkarị, nke nwere mbịanye aka nke ihe karịrị mmadụ narị abụọ ndị ụbụrụ na-aghọ nkọ a ma ama &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Puhovski|first=Žarko|title=Politika u RH je najgluplje i najhisteričnije reagirala|language=sh|work=TV show Novi dan (host Tihomir Ladišić)|url=http://hr.n1info.com/a189788/Vijesti/Politika-u-RH-je-najgluplje-i-najhistericnije-reagirala.html|date=7 April 2017|archivedate=1 December 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201033945/http://hr.n1info.com/a189788/Vijesti/Politika-u-RH-je-najgluplje-i-najhistericnije-reagirala.html|publisher=N1|accessdate=18 June 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; si Croatia, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Bakotin|first=Jerko|date=15 May 2017|title=Petković ili o kenjaži|language=sh|url=http://www.portalnovosti.com/petkovic-ili-o-kenjazi|publisher=Novosti|archivedate=19 May 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519001848/http://www.portalnovosti.com/petkovic-ili-o-kenjazi|accessdate=18 June 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Montenegro, Bosnia-Herzegovina na Serbia ka e gosiri ọha na eze n'otu oge na 30 Machị 2017 na Zagreb, Podgorica, Belgrade na Sarajevo, ebe e nwere nzukọ ndị nta akụkọ na mkparịta ụka abụọ nwere isiokwu &quot;Gịnị bụ asụsụ a na-ahụkarị?&quot; yana &quot;Asụsụ na Ọdịnihu&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Savičević Ivančević|first=Olja|title=Predsjednik društva pisaca tuži novinara: Petkovića pozivaju na ostavku. &quot;To je bijedno i kukavički!&quot;|language=sh|url=http://www.lupiga.com/vijesti/predsjednik-drustva-pisaca-tuzi-novinara-petkovica-pozivaju-na-ostavku-to-je-bijedno-i-kukavicki|publisher=Lupiga|archivedate=19 November 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171119211217/http://lupiga.com/vijesti/predsjednik-drustva-pisaca-tuzi-novinara-petkovica-pozivaju-na-ostavku-to-je-bijedno-i-kukavicki|date=16 November 2017|accessdate=18 June 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe ahụ, e meghere ''Nkwupụta'' ahụ maka ndị ọzọ ịbịanye aka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=P.E.N.|date=27 March 2017|title=Deklaracija o zajedničkom jeziku|language=sh|url=http://penbih.ba/2017/03/deklaracija-o-zajednickom-jeziku/|publisher=P.E.N. BiH|archivedate=31 March 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170331085450/http://penbih.ba/2017/03/deklaracija-o-zajednickom-jeziku/|accessdate=18 June 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ime ụbọchị ole na ole sochirinụ, ihe karịrị mmadụ puku asatọ bịanyere aka na ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|first=Martin|author=Sander|date=23 May 2017|title=Nationalistisch geprägte Sprache?|language=de|url=http://bib.irb.hr/datoteka/935988.Deutschlandradio_SK_23-5-2017.mp3|publisher=Deutschlandradio|accessdate=18 June 2019|archivedate=7 August 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180807125018/http://bib.irb.hr/datoteka/935988.Deutschlandradio_SK_23-5-2017.mp3}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe ọnwa abụọ gachara, n'ime usoro nke emume subversive festival nke iri  na Zagreb, e mere Tebụl a nọrọ gbaa gburugburu banyere ''Nkwupụta'' ahụ, nke akpọrọ &quot;Asụsụ na Nnwere Onwe nke Mba&quot;.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=19 May 2017|title=Okrugli stol: Jezik i nacionalizam|language=sh|url=http://subversivefestival.com/sf17/okrugli-stol-jezik-i-nacionalizam/|publisher=10. Subversive Festival|archivedate=13 May 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170513172437/http://subversivefestival.com/sf17/okrugli-stol-jezik-i-nacionalizam/|accessdate=18 June 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe ahụ, e mere arụmụka  &quot;Gbasara Nkwuputa N'asụsụ Dị N'Otu Yana Mmụọ Ọjọọ ndị Ọzọ&quot; na Crocodile Literature Festival na Belgrade.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Tanjug|date=19 June 2017|title=Ljudi, nemojmo da se zafrkavamo, svi govorimo istim jezikom|language=sh|url=http://www.b92.net/kultura/vesti.php?yyyy=2017&amp;mm=06&amp;dd=19&amp;nav_category=1864&amp;nav_id=1273654|publisher=B92|archivedate=22 June 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170622024838/http://www.b92.net/kultura/vesti.php?yyyy=2017&amp;mm=06&amp;dd=19&amp;nav_category=1864&amp;nav_id=1273654|accessdate=18 June 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Ćirić|first=Sonja|date=22 June 2017|title=Ptičica koja ide okolo i smeta|journal=Vreme: Nedeljnik|language=sh|url=http://www.vreme.com/cms/view.php?id=1509828|issn=0353-8028|accessdate=2019-06-18}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, na Novi Sad, a haziri mkparịta ụka panel &quot;Onye Nwe Asụsụ Anyị?&quot; na Ememme Ọpụpụ yana nnọkọ &quot;Gịnị bụ ihe nrụpụta nke Nkwuputa N'asụsụ Dị N'Otu?&quot; na nzukọ edemede mba ụwa, Book Talk.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Svi govorimo naš jezik|language=sh|url=http://www.danas.rs/drustvo.55.html?news_id=350623&amp;title=%E2%80%9CSvi+govorimo+NA%C5%A0+jezik%E2%80%9D|work=Danas|archivedate=16 July 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716100101/http://www.danas.rs/drustvo.55.html?news_id=350623&amp;title=%E2%80%9CSvi+govorimo+NA%C5%A0+jezik%E2%80%9D|date=9 July 2017|accessdate=18 June 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=9 July 2017|title=Tribina: Deklaracijom o zajedničkom jeziku protiv nacionalizma|language=sh|url=http://www.autonomija.info/tribina-deklaracijom-o-zajednickom-jeziku-protiv-nacionalizma.html|publisher=Autonomija|archivedate=14 July 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170714082609/http://www.autonomija.info/tribina-deklaracijom-o-zajednickom-jeziku-protiv-nacionalizma.html|accessdate=18 June 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na Montenegro, e nwere tebụl a nọrọ gbaa gburugburu na nkwupụta ahụ n'ime usoro nke ụbọchị Njegos nke asaa. Na ngwụcha afọ 2017, a haziri mkparịta ụka &quot;Ihe a ga-eji asụsụ ahụ mee: Ònye na-asụ (ma ọ bụ na-adịghị asụ) asụsụ a na-asụkarị?&quot; na Mahadum Open nke isii na Sarajevo.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Usoro mkparịta ụka panel na nkwupụta ahụ na 2017
!Ebe
!Isiokwu Mkparịta ụka
!Ihe omume
!Ụbọchị
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Sarajevo
|Gịnị bụ Asụsụ A Na-asụ?   
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Nkwupụta nke Nkwupụta ahụ
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |March 30
|-
|Asụsụ na Ọdịnihu  
|-
|Ònye Na-asụ (ma ọ bụ Na-adịghị Asụ) Asụsụ A Na-asọpụta? &lt;sup class=&quot;citation nobold&quot; id=&quot;ref_cnone&quot;&gt;[c]&lt;/sup&gt; 
|Mahadum Open
|10 Nọvemba
|-
|Zagreb
|Asụsụ na Ịhụ Mba n'anya  
|Ememme Ndị Agha
|19 Mee
|-
|Belgrade
|Banyere Nkwupụta Banyere Asụsụ Na-asụ na Ndị Mmụọ Ọjọọ Ndị Ọzọ 
|Ememme edemede Krokodil
|June 18
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Novi Sad
|Ònye ka Asụsụ Anyị? &lt;sup class=&quot;citation nobold&quot; id=&quot;ref_fnone&quot;&gt;[f]&lt;/sup&gt; 
|Ememme Ọpụpụ
|July 8
|-
|Gịnị bụ ihe ndị Declaration on the Common Language rụzuru? &lt;sup class=&quot;citation nobold&quot; id=&quot;ref_gnone&quot;&gt;[g]&lt;/sup&gt; 
|Nkwurịta Okwu Akwụkwọ
|29 Septemba
|-
|Kotor
|Nkwupụta Banyere Asụsụ A Na-asụ  
|Ụbọchị Njegoš
|1 Septemba
|-
|}
[[Faịlụ:Snjezana_Kordic_keynote_presentation_Hokkaido_University.jpg|thumb|Okwu ihu ọha nke Snježana Kordić banyere ''Nkwupụta'' ahụ &lt;ref name=&quot;Kord2024&quot;/&gt; na nzukọ na Japan 2018 &lt;ref name=&quot;KordJapan&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=19 December 2018|title=U Japanu konferencije o jeziku i nacionalizmu|language=sh|url=https://www.tacno.net/kultura/u-japanu-konferencije-o-jeziku-i-nacionalizmu/|publisher=Tačno.net|archivedate=24 December 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224172047/https://www.tacno.net/kultura/u-japanu-konferencije-o-jeziku-i-nacionalizmu/|accessdate=18 June 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]
N'afọ 2018,ọtụtụ nkuzi n'ihu ọha na  ''Nkwuputa'' ahụ ka e mere n'ọgbakọ dị iche na Mahadum dị iche iche nke Mba ndị EU,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=25 September 2018|title=U Austriji održana konferencija o jeziku i nacionalizmu|language=sh|url=https://www.tacno.net/kultura/u-austriji-odrzana-konferencija-o-jeziku-i-nacionalizmu/|publisher=Tačno.net|archivedate=24 December 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224170555/https://www.tacno.net/kultura/u-austriji-odrzana-konferencija-o-jeziku-i-nacionalizmu/|accessdate=18 June 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=21 October 2018|title=U Pragu konferencija o jeziku|language=sh|url=https://www.tacno.net/nasi-u-svijetu/u-pragu-konferencija-o-jeziku/|publisher=Tačno.net|archivedate=24 December 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224170607/https://www.tacno.net/nasi-u-svijetu/u-pragu-konferencija-o-jeziku/|accessdate=18 June 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=17 June 2018|title=U Poznanju održana debata o jezicima i identitetima|language=sh|url=https://www.tacno.net/kultura/u-poznanju-odrzana-debata-o-jezicima-i-identitetima/|publisher=Tačno.net|archivedate=24 December 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224170558/https://www.tacno.net/kultura/u-poznanju-odrzana-debata-o-jezicima-i-identitetima/|accessdate=18 June 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Borba protiv nacionalizma: priznanje Snježani Kordić za osobu godine|work=N1 BA|language=sh|url=http://ba.n1info.com/Kultura/a306670/Borba-protiv-nacionalizma-Priznanje-Snjezani-Kordic-za-osobu-godine.html|date=30 December 2018|archivedate=3 January 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190103233740/http://ba.n1info.com/Kultura/a306670/Borba-protiv-nacionalizma-Priznanje-Snjezani-Kordic-za-osobu-godine.html|publisher=N1|accessdate=18 June 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; yana na Mahadum ndị dị na  Japan.&lt;ref name=&quot;KordJapan&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=10 December 2018|title=Poster of the Conference in Tokyo|url=http://src-h.slav.hokudai.ac.jp/jp/seminors/src/Document/2018/181210presym.pdf|publisher=Waseda University|archivedate=25 November 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181125200425/http://src-h.slav.hokudai.ac.jp/jp/seminors/src/Document/2018/181210presym.pdf|accessdate=18 June 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=13 December 2018|title=Poster of the Conference in Sapporo|url=http://src-home.slav.hokudai.ac.jp/sympo/2018winter/images/2018winterposter.pdf|publisher=Hokkaido University|archivedate=28 October 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191028155330/http://src-home.slav.hokudai.ac.jp/sympo/2018winter/images/2018winterposter.pdf|accessdate=18 June 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe a na-eme ncheta afọ nke abụọ nke ''Nkwuputa ahụ, e dowere tebụl abụọ a nọrọ gbaa gburugburu'':&lt;ref name=&quot;Wien&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=25 March 2019|title=Novi Bečki dogovor?|language=sh|url=https://www.tacno.net/kultura/novi-becki-dogovor/|publisher=Tačno.net|archivedate=21 April 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190421164340/https://www.tacno.net/kultura/novi-becki-dogovor/|accessdate=18 June 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; na Vienna &quot;Language and Nationalisms: Do We Understand Each Other?&quot; yana na Zagreb &quot;One Language or Several Languages: Discussion on the Declaration on the Common Language&quot;, nke ndị haziri ya bụ òtù ụmụ akwụkwọ nke Ngalaba nkà ihe ọmụma na Zagreb,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Jedan jezik ili više jezika: rasprava o Deklaraciji o zajedničkom jeziku|language=sh|url=https://www.facebook.com/SavezStudentskihUdruga/videos/306274900055880|work=Facebook|date=28 March 2019|accessdate=18 June 2019}} 120 min&lt;/ref&gt;  nke mechakwara hazie okwu n'ihu ọha  maka ''Nkwuputa Ahụ'' na ngalaba nkà ihe ọmụma na Zagreb.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=26 April 2019|title=UJEDINJENI FILOZOFSKI – MOZAIK RIJEČI: Interdisciplinarni skup Saveza studenata Filozofskog fakulteta u Zagrebu|url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/15IA04I2FMg4-E9Pi6XiWEzzXQnkTH7gi/view|accessdate=18 June 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndị bịanyere aka ==
[[Faịlụ:Noam_Chomsky_portrait_2017.jpg|thumb|[[Noam Chomsky]], otu n'ime ndị bịanyere aka na ''Nkwupụta'' ahụ]]
Ndị bịanyere aka na ''Nkwupụta'' ahụ gụnyere:

{{div col | colwidth = 10em}}

* [[Greville G Corbett|Greville Corbett]]
* [[Ivana Bodrožić]]
* [[Mirjana Karanović]]
* [[Sandra Benčić]]
* [[Rajko Grlić]]
* [[Svetislav Basara]]
* [[Jurica Pavičić]]
* [[Vedrana Rudan]]
* [[Olja Savičević|Olja Savičević Ivančević]]
* [[Igor Štiks]]
* [[Nadežda Čačinovič]]
* [[Ivan Ivanji]]
* [[Lenka Udovički]]
* [[Filip David]]
* [[Ognjen Sviličić]]
* [[Vladimir Arsenijević]]
* [[Srećko Horvat]]
* [[Rada Iveković]]
* [[Dino Mustafić]]
* [[Štefica Galić]]
* [[Pjer Žalica]]
* [[Dubravka Ugrešić]]
* [[Noam Chomsky]]
* [[Boris Dežulović]]
* [[Dragan Markovina]]
* [[Enver Kazaz]]
* [[Viktor Ivančić]]
* [[Oto Horvat]]
* [[Maja Herman Sekulić]]
* [[Tomislav Jakić]]
* [[Željko Ivanković]]
* [[Svetlana Lukić]]
* [[Nihad Hasanović]]
* [[Srđan Srdić]]
* [[Reuf Bajrović]]
* [[Maja Vidaković Lalić]]
* [[Vesna Teršelič]]
* [[Ivan Klajn]]
* [[Boris Bakal]]
* [[Borka Pavićević]]
* [[Jasna Šamić]]
* [[Slobodan Šnajder]]
* [[Tanja Miletić Oručević]]
* [[Senahid Halilović]]
* [[Daša Drndić]]
* [[Edvin Kanka Ćudić]]
* [[Biljana Srbljanović]]
* [[Dubravka Stojanović]]
* [[Srđan V. Tešin|Srđan Tešin]]
* [[Isidora Žebeljan]]
* [[Dino Abazović]]
* [[Aleksandar Zograf]]
* [[Mima Simić]]
* [[Sinisa Malesevic|Siniša Malešević]]
* [[Šerbo Rastoder]]
* [[Ivana Sajko]]
* [[Rastko Močnik]]
* [[Tanja Stupar-Trifunović]]
* [[Drago Pilsel]]
* [[Bojana Vunturišević]]
* [[Peter Trudgill]]
* [[Vladimir Veličković]]
* [[Srbijanka Turajlić]]
* [[Ermin Bravo]]
* [[Marko Tomaš]]
* [[Nenad Veličković]]
* [[Ranko Bugarski]]
* [[Dritan Abazović]]
* [[Izudin Bajrović]]
* [[Jasmila Žbanić]]
* [[Danko Šipka]]
* [[Balša Brković]]
* [[Stefan Bošković]]
* [[Asim Mujkić]]
* [[Florian Bieber]]
* [[Jasna Diklić]]
* [[Vesna Pešić]]
* [[Goran Marković]]
* [[Vladislav Bajac]]
* [[Stevan Filipović]]
* [[Igor Kusin]]
* [[Feđa Stojanović]]
* [[Koča Pavlović]]
* [[Milena Dragićević Šešić]]
* [[Bora Ćosić]]
* [[Tatiana Bezjak|Tatjana Bezjak]]
* [[Dragoljub Mićunović]]
* [[Stanislava Staša Zajović]]
* [[Goran Dević]]
* [[Miloš Okuka]]
* [[Lana Bastašić]]
* [[Srđa Pavlović]]
* [[Igor Galo]]
* [[Faruk Šehić]]
* [[Zvonimir Jurić]]
* [[Srđan Karanović]]
* [[Zdravko Grebo]]
* [[Lana Barić]]
* [[Aleksandar Novaković]]
* [[Maša Kolanović]]
{{div col end}}
 

== Ndị bịanyere aka na ''Nkwupụta'' ahụ - Akwụkwọ ndị a họọrọ ==
* {{cite web|last=Bahr|first=Manuel|date=2017-03-31|title=Deklaration: B/K/M/S ist eine Sprache – &quot;Ich habe unterschrieben!&quot;|trans-title=Declaration: B/C/S/M is One Language – &quot;I Have Signed!&quot;|language=de|url=https://www.kosmo.at/deklaration-bkms-ist-eine-sprache-ich-habe-unterschrieben/|publisher=Kosmo|archive-date=7 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180807124954/https://www.kosmo.at/deklaration-bkms-ist-eine-sprache-ich-habe-unterschrieben/|url-status=live|location=Vienna|access-date=18 June 2019}}
* {{cite web|last=Kordić|first=Snježana|title=Neki Srbi misle da Deklaracija favorizira Hrvate (intervju vodio Denis Derk)|trans-title=Some Serbs Think the Declaration Favors Croats (interviewed by Denis Derk)|language=sh|url=https://www.vecernji.hr/kultura/neki-srbi-misle-da-deklaracija-favorizira-hrvate-1160790|publisher=Večernji list|pages=36–37|location=Zagreb|issn=0350-5006|date=2017-04-04|archive-date=21 September 2017|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170921173932/https://www.vecernji.hr/kultura/neki-srbi-misle-da-deklaracija-favorizira-hrvate-1160790|url-status=live|access-date=18 June 2019}}
* {{cite book|last=Kordić|first=Snježana|title=Njegoševi dani 7: zbornik radova s međunarodnog naučnog skupa, Kotor 30.8.-3.9.2017|publisher=Univerzitet Crne Gore, Filološki fakultet|pages=145–152|language=sh|chapter=Reakcije na Deklaraciju o zajedničkom jeziku|trans-chapter=Reactions to the Declaration on the common language|chapter-url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication|url-status=live|location=Nikšić|year=2019|isbn=978-86-7798-062-7|ssrn=3452730|access-date=28 September 2026-04-03}}
* {{cite book|last=Tripunovski|first=Stiven|editor1-last=Grunert|editor1-first=Heiner|editor2-last=Kührer-Wielach|editor2-first=Florian|title=Grenzen im Fluss|publisher=Regensburg Schnell et Steiner|pages=30–31|chapter=Gemeinsamkeit wider Willen? Sprache im südslawischen Raum|trans-chapter=Commonality Against the Will? Language in the South Slavic Area|chapter-url=https://www.academia.edu/35250263|location=Regensburg|language=de|year=2017|isbn=978-3-7917-2940-4|oclc=1011631323|access-date=18 June 2019}}

== Hụkwa ==
* [http://jezicinacionalizmi.com/ Nkwupụta na Asụsụ A Na-ahụkarị] 
* [https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1XVGV5Z306SeDFzpdpUHhfeK-voAFdaakS48LqXfGozA/pubhtml Ndị bịanyere aka]
 

== Ihe Ndị E Deturu ==
 a. Ndị nsonye: Borka Pavićević, Rajka Glušica na Snežana Kordić, onye nduzi: Sandra Zlotrg

== Ebemsidee ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Ihe odide nke nkwupụta e debere na 9 Ọgọst 2018 na Wayback Machine (n'asụsụ Serbo-Croatian) 
* [https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1XVGV5Z306SeDFzpdpUHhfeK-voAFdaakS48LqXfGozA/pubhtml Ndepụta nke ndị bịanyere aka]
* Nzukọ ndị nta akụkọ banyere nkwupụta  Common Language na  (n'asụsụ Serbo-Croatian) 
* Vidio sitere  nzukọ Languages and Nationalisms na  (n'asụsụ Serbo-Croatian)

[[Òtù:Bosnia na Herzegovina| ]]</text>
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      <text bytes="16236" sha1="twbh2oub7gnowoxs0vl4fz95gdagol2" xml:space="preserve">&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Hlist/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Sidebar/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;Postmodern feminism bụ ngalaba nke nwanyị na-emegide isiokwu nwanyị zuru ụwa ọnụ. Dabere na nkà ihe ọmụma postmodern, nwanyị postmodern na-ajụ echiche ọdịnala gbasara okike, njirimara, na ike, ebe ọ na-ekwusi ike na mmekọrịta nke echiche ndị a.

Ndị na-ahụ maka nwanyị nke oge a na-arụ ụka na asụsụ na-ewuli eziokwu nakwa na ike agbakwunyere na ụkpụrụ ọha mmadụ, na-akpụzi njirimara na igbochi ụlọ ọrụ. Ha na-achọ ịgba mgba megide mmegide ọnụọgụ abụọ ọdịnala (dịka, nwoke / nwanyị, omenala / okike) na imebi usoro ndị na-achị achị.

Ntinye nke postmodern theory n'ime feminist theory anaghị anabata ngwa ngwa site na ụmụ nwanyị niile - ụfọdụ kwenyere na echiche postmodern na-emebi mwakpo nke femism na-anwa ịmepụta, ebe ndị ọzọ na-akwado njikọ ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Sands|first=Roberta|date=Nov 1992|title=Postmodern Feminist Theory and Social Work: A Deconstruction|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_social-work_1992-11_37_6/page/489|journal=Social Work|volume=37|pages=489|doi=10.1093/sw/40.6.831|issn=1545-6846}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mmalite ya ==

=== Derrida ===
Jacques Derrida (1930-2004) mara echiche nke otu eziokwu, eziokwu ziri ezi ma ọ bụ &quot;ihe na-egosi gafere,&quot; na-arụ ụka na a na-ewu ihe ọ pụtara site na usoro na-enweghị njedebe nke ihe ngosi ndị na-ezo aka naanị na ibe ha. O webatara echiche nke &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwLw&quot;&gt;ọdịiche&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; iji gosipụta etu asụsụ si arụ ọrụ site na ọdịiche na nkwụsịtụ na-adịgide adịgide nke nkọwa. Ọrụ ya na-emesi echiche ahụ ike na asụsụ anaghị anọchite anya eziokwu kama ọ na-arụsi ọrụ ike.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Tong|first=Rosemarie|url=https://archive.org/details/feministthoughtc00tong|title=Feminist thought : a comprehensive introduction|publisher=Westview Press|year=1989|isbn=9780429493836|location=Boulder, Colorado|pages=[https://archive.org/details/feministthoughtc00tong/page/217 217]–224|oclc=1041706991}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFTong1989&quot;&gt;Tong, Rosemarie (1989). &lt;span class=&quot;id-lock-registration&quot; title=&quot;Free registration required&quot;&gt;[[iarchive:feministthoughtc00tong|''Feminist thought : a comprehensive introduction'']]&lt;/span&gt;. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press. pp.&amp;nbsp;[[iarchive:feministthoughtc00tong/page/217|217]]–224. [[ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/9780429493836|&lt;bdi&gt;9780429493836&lt;/bdi&gt;]]. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&amp;nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1041706991 1041706991].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Foucault ===
Michel Foucault (1926-1984) lere ike anya dị ka ike na-agbasa agbasa na nke na-akpụzi echiche mmadụ. N'ime usoro ya, ike abụghị naanị mmegide kama ọ na-arụpụta ihe, na-arụ ọrụ site na ụlọ ọrụ, ụkpụrụ, na nlekota onwe onye. Ọ tụrụ aro na ịmata ike ndị a nwere ike ime ka ndị mmadụ nwee ike ịma aka ma melite echiche ha.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;/&gt;

=== Ịbụ onye inyom na France ===
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Hatnote/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;French Feminism, dị ka a maara taa, abụghị kpọmkwem ụlọ akwụkwọ echiche sitere na France, kama ọ bụ ihe Anglo-American phenomen. Ọ na-akọwa otu echiche jikọtara ya na ndị na-eche echiche na-asụ French—karịsịa Hélène Cixous, Luce Irigaray, na Julia Kristeva. Ọrụ ha gbanyere mkpọrọgwụ na Freudian na Lacanian psychoanalysis, na-elekwasị anya na ahụmahụ tupu Oedipal, nnọchiteanya nne, na ndị amaghị ihe ọ bụla.

Alice Jardine chepụtara okwu a iji kọwaa ihe na-apụta n'etiti ndị nwere ọgụgụ isi nke France na 1980, ebe a na-akọwa ọdịda nke echiche Enlightenment. Maka ndị inyom, nke a pụtara ịlaghachi n'otu arụmụka ahụ / dị iche iche site na oghere ọhụrụ. Akwụkwọ nke Toril Mo Sexual/Textual Politics (1986) gara n'ihu na-akpụzi ndị inyom French site n'ịgụnye naanị Cixous, Irigaray, na Kristeva. Mo mekwara ka ọdịiche dị n'etiti Anglo-American na French feminists: mgbe Anglo-American feminists na-achọ ịchọta &quot;echiche nwanyị&quot;, French feminists kwenyere na ọ dịghị njirimara maka ụmụ nwanyị mana na &quot;nwere ike ịmata ụmụ nwanyị ebe a na-ahụ ọdịiche na ọdịiche&quot;.

Elaine Marks, onye ọkà mmụta na ngalaba nke Women's Studies, kwuru ọdịiche ọzọ dị n'etiti ndị na-ahụ maka ụmụ nwanyị na France: Ndị na-akwado ụmụ nwanyị na French, ọkachasị ndị na-eme ihe ike, katọrọ ma wakpo usoro ndị na-abara ụmụ nwoke uru, yana ịkpọasị ụmụ nwanyị n'ozuzu ha, karịa ndị America ibe ha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/newfrenchfeminis00markrich|title=New French feminisms : an anthology|date=1980|publisher=University of Massachusetts Press|isbn=978-0870232800|editor=Marks|location=Amherst|oclc=5051713}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Echiche ==

=== Ebe asụsụ dị ===
Onye ọkà mmụta iwu Mary Joe Frug, onye guzobere otu ndị ọkà mmụta iwu a maara dị ka Fem-Crits - n'onwe ya bụ akụkụ nke usoro ọmụmụ iwu dị oke egwu - , &lt;ref name=&quot;baumgardner&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Baumgardner|first=Paul|title=Ronald Reagan, the Modern Right, and ... the Rise of the Fem-Crits|journal=Laws|volume=8|issue=4|doi=10.3390/laws8040026|date=October 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; tụrụ aro na otu &quot;ụkpụrụ&quot; nke postmodernism bụ na ahụmịhe mmadụ dị &quot;n'ụzọ na-enweghị ike ime n'ime asụsụ&quot;. A na-eji ike eme ihe ọ bụghị naanị site na nrụgide kpọmkwem, kamakwa site n'ụzọ asụsụ si emepụta ma gbochie eziokwu anyị.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Frug|first=Mary Joe|date=March 1992|title=A Postmodern Feminist Manifesto (An Unfinished Draft)|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_harvard-law-review_1992-03_105_5/page/1045|journal=Harvard Law Review|volume=105|issue=5|pages=1045–1075|doi=10.2307/1341520}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation journal cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFFrug1992&quot;&gt;Frug, Mary Joe (March 1992). &quot;A Postmodern Feminist Manifesto (An Unfinished Draft)&quot;. ''Harvard Law Review''. '''105''' (5): &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;1045–&lt;/span&gt;1075. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[[doi:10.2307/1341520|10.2307/1341520]]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&amp;nbsp;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/1341520 1341520].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; O kwukwara na n'ihi na asụsụ na-emeghe mgbe niile maka ntụgharị ọzọ, enwere ike iji ya guzogide nhazi na mgbochi a, yabụ na ọ bụ ebe nwere ike ịba uru maka ọgụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

=== Ihe na-emegide ihe dị mkpa ===
Otu onyinye mbụ na postmodern femism bụ &quot;[[A Cyborg Manifesto|Cyborg Manifesto]]&quot; nke Donna Haraway, nke na-agbagha ókèala dị mkpa n'etiti mmadụ, anụmanụ, na igwe. Haraway na-eji ihe atụ nke cyborg - ngwakọta nke igwe na ihe dị ndụ - iji kwuo na njirimara abụghị nke okike ma ọ bụ ihe ndị dị ndụ, kama ọ bụ ihe owuwu mmiri.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2018-03-06|title=After Class Writing: Haraway’s “A Cyborg Manifesto” – ENG1710 Intro to Language and Technology, SP2018|url=https://openlab.citytech.cuny.edu/elliseng1710sp2018/2018/03/06/after-class-writing-haraways-a-cyborg-manifesto/|accessdate=2025-12-27|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260106204136/https://openlab.citytech.cuny.edu/elliseng1710sp2018/2018/03/06/after-class-writing-haraways-a-cyborg-manifesto/|archive-date=2026-01-06|url-status=dead}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20260225151054/https://openlab.citytech.cuny.edu/elliseng1710sp2018/2018/03/06/after-class-writing-haraways-a-cyborg-manifesto/ &quot;After Class Writing: Haraway's &quot;A Cyborg Manifesto&quot; – ENG1710 Intro to Language and Technology, SP2018&quot;]. 2018-03-06&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2025-12-27&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Faịlụ:Donna_Haraway_2016_2.png|áká_èkpè|thumb|Ọkọ akụkọ sayensị Donna Haraway]]
Site n'ịkwatu &quot;informatics nke ịchịkwa,&quot; Haraway na-akatọ ọdịnala ọdịda anyanwụ dualisms dị ka nwoke / nwanyị, ọdịbendị / okike, na uche / ahụ, nke nwere akụkọ ihe mere eme nke nna ochie na nke ọchịchị. Ọ na-atụ aro na site na ịnakwere njirimara cyborg, ndị na-ahụ maka ụmụ nwanyị nwere ike ịgafe ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị njirimara nke oge gara aga ma kama ịmepụta njikọ dabere na ebumnuche ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ha na-emekọ ihe kama ịbụ ụdị ndụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;/&gt;

Isi ihe dị iche n'etiti feminism postmodern na alaka ndị ọzọ nke feminism bụ ikekwe arụmụka na mmekọahụ, ma ọ bụ opekempe nwoke na nwanyị, bụ n'onwe ya sitere n'asụsụ wuru, echiche dị elu na akwụkwọ Judith Butler nke 1990, Nsogbu Gender. Ha na-adọta ma na-akatọ ọrụ Simone de Beauvoir, Michel Foucault, na Jacques Lacan, yana arụmụka Irigaray na ihe anyị weere dị ka &quot;nwanyị&quot; bụ nanị ngosipụta nke ihe e wuru dị ka nwoke.

Butler na-akatọ ọdịiche nke ụmụ nwanyị gara aga mere n'etiti (nke ndụ) mmekọahụ na (nke mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya). Ha na-ajụ ihe mere anyị ji chee na ihe onwunwe (dị ka ahụ) anaghị enwe usoro nke mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya n'onwe ha. Butler na-ekwu na nke a anaghị ekwe ka a katọọ nke ọma: ọ bụ ezie na ha ghọtara na okike bụ ihe na-ewu ewu, ndị na-ahụ mkpa ụmụ nwanyị na-eche na a na-ewu ya mgbe niile n'otu ụzọ ahụ. Arụmụka Butler na-egosi na ịdị n'okpuru ụmụ nwanyị enweghị otu ihe kpatara ya ma ọ bụ otu ngwọta.

Similarly, Frug maintains that sex is not something natural, nor is it something completely determinate and definable; rather, sex is part of a system of meaning, produced by language.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; Cultural mechanisms &quot;encode the female body with meanings&quot;, and then go on to explain these meanings &quot;by an appeal to the 'natural' differences between the sexes, differences that the rules themselves help to produce&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template &quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (February 2026)&quot;&gt;page&lt;span typeof=&quot;mw:Entity&quot;&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;nbsp;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;needed&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

=== Ihe omuma ndi ozo ===
Ihe dị mkpa na usoro postmodern nke Haraway bụ echiche nke ihe ọmụma dị n'ebe dị, nke na-eje ozi dị ka nkatọ nke Anya Chineke - echiche efu nke inweta ebumnuche zuru oke, echiche na-anọpụ iche nke ụwa site n'ebe ọ bụla. Ọ na-ekwu na a na-emepụta ihe ọmụma sayensị na ọdịbendị niile site na otu echiche a kapịrị ọnụ, nakwa na ịnakwere ọnọdụ ndị a bụ naanị ụzọ isi nweta &quot;ezi ihe&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Carl Silvio- Refiguring the Radical Cyborg in Mamoru Oshii’s Ghost in the Shell|url=https://www.depauw.edu/site/sfs/backissues/77/silvio77.htm|accessdate=2025-12-27|work=www.depauw.edu|archivedate=2026-01-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260104233246/https://www.depauw.edu/site/sfs/backissues/77/silvio77.htm}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;. ''www.depauw.edu''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2025-12-27&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ihe gbasara ụmụ nwanyị nke oge a, echiche a jụrụ echiche nke &quot;ahụmahụ nwanyị&quot; zuru ụwa ọnụ, kama ịkwado nghọta dị iche iche nke eziokwu nke na-akọwa njikọ agbụrụ, klas, na teknụzụ. Usoro a na-enye ohere maka sayensị ụmụ nwanyị nke na-akatọ ajọ mbunobi akụkọ ihe mere eme ma na-etinye aka n'ụzọ miri emi na eziokwu ihe onwunwe nke ụwa na-emetụta teknụzụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;/&gt;

== Nkatọ ==
E nweela ọtụtụ nkatọ banyere ụmụ nwanyị postmodern kemgbe ọ malitere na 1990s. Ọtụtụ n'ime nkatọ ndị a sitere n'aka ndị na-akwado oge a na ndị na-ahụ maka ụmụ nwanyị na-akwado echiche nke oge a.
[[Faịlụ:Gloria_Steinem_crop.jpg|thumb|Onye na-ahụ maka ụmụ nwanyị bụ Gloria Steinem]]
Ndị nkatọ nke oge a lekwasịrị anya na isiokwu nke relativism na nihilism dị ka postmodernism kwuputara. Ha na-arụ ụka na site n'ịhapụ ụkpụrụ Enlightenment, postmodern feminism &quot;na-egbochi ohere nke ịtọhapụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị.&quot; Enwere ike ịhụ nchegbu a na ndị nkatọ dị ka Meaghan Morris, bụ ndị na-arụ ụka na ụmụ nwanyị postmodern nwere ike imebi ntọala ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke omume dabere na ọdịiche nwoke na nwanyị, site na mgbagwoju anya ya. Alison Assiter bipụtara Enlighten Women (1995) iji katọọ postmodernists na postmodern feminists n'otu aka ahụ, na-arụ ụka na a ga-enwe nlọghachi na ụkpụrụ Enlightenment na nwanyị nke oge a. Gloria Steinem akatọkwala echiche ụmụ nwanyị, na ọkachasị echiche nwanyị postmodernist, dị ka oke agụmakwụkwọ, ebe okwu dị oke egwu na enweghị ike ịbịaru nso na abaghị uru nye onye ọ bụla.

Otú ọ dị, ụfọdụ ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị bụ ndị a kpọrọ ''onwe ha'' ndị na-akwado ụmụ nwanyị nke oge a katọrọ okwu ahụ bụ &quot;postmodernism&quot;: Butler, dịka ọmụmaatụ, jụrụ okwu ahụ bụ &quot;&quot;postmodernism&quot; dị ka ihe na-edoghị anya iji nwee ihe ọ pụtara. [[Paula Moya]] na-ekwu na Butler na-enweta ịjụ a na postmodernism site na ntụgharị nke ọrụ Cherríe Moraga: &quot;Ọ na-agụ nkwupụta Moraga na 'ihe ize ndụ dị n'ịhazi mmegbu' iji pụta na anyị enweghị ụzọ anyị ga-esi kpebie n'etiti ụdị mmegbu dị iche iche - na mgbalị ọ bụla iji kọwaa ma ọ bụ mee ka ụdị mmegbu ndị mmadụ na-ata na-ata bụ na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-enweghị isi, na-achịkwa, ma ọ bụ na-achịkọta nke na-eme na-emebi na-emechi anya na-emega n' ka ọ bụrụ na-emecha, na-emeziwanye ihe ngosi nke mbụ nke ụmụ nwanyị nọ na-aghọta ya site na-eme nke ọma. Moya na-ekwu na n'ihi na Butler chere na a pụghị ịhazi ụdị mmegbu dị iche iche n'ụzọ dị mkpirikpi, na a pọdụrụ ha ma ọlị; ma mee ka ụzọ dị mkpirisi site n'ịhapụ echiche nke ọ bụghị naanị postmodernism, kamakwa ụmụ nwanyị n'ozuzu.&lt;ref&gt;Moya, Paula M. L. ''From Postmodernism, 'Realism,' and the Politics of Identity: [[Cherríe Moraga]] and [[Chicana feminism|Chicana Feminism]]'', in {{Cite book|author=Gilbert|first=Susan M.|title=Feminist literary theory and criticism : a Norton reader|url=https://archive.org/details/feministliterary0000unse_g3p1|year=2007|publisher=W.W. Norton|location=New York|isbn=9780393927900|pages=[https://archive.org/details/feministliterary0000unse_g3p1/page/787 787]–797|edition=1st|authorlink=From Postmodernism, &quot;Realism,&quot; and the Politics of Identity: Cherrie Moraga and Chicana Feminism}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hụkwa ==
 

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist|40em}}

== Akwụkwọ ==

* {{Cite book|author=Nicholson|first=Linda|title=Feminism/postmodernism|url=https://archive.org/details/feminismpostmode00nich|date=1990|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9780415900591|location=New York}}
* {{Cite book|author=Assiter|first=Alison|title=Enlightened women: modernist feminism in a postmodern age|url=https://archive.org/details/enlightenedwomen0000assi|date=1996|publisher=Routledge|location=London New York|isbn=9780415083386}}
* {{Cite book|author=Kottiswari|first=W. S.|title=Postmodern feminist writers|publisher=Sarup &amp; Sons|location=New Delhi|year=2008|isbn=9788176258210}}
* {{Cite journal|author=Williams|first=Susan|title=A Feminist Theory of Malebashing|journal=Michigan Journal of Gender &amp; Law|date=1 January 1996|volume=4|issue=1|pages=35–127|url=https://repository.law.umich.edu/mjgl/vol4/iss1/2/|issn=1095-8835}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

[[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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    <title>Michael Chidi Alozie</title>
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 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.profootball.com.ua/2009/01/23/maykl_alozie_v_afrike.html |title=ПРО ФУТБОЛ{{!}}Майкл АЛОЗИЕ: &quot;В Африке будет борщ&quot; |access-date=2026-05-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110119004020/http://www.profootball.com.ua/2009/01/23/maykl_alozie_v_afrike.html |archive-date=2011-01-19 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Faịlụ:Alozi.jpg|thumb|Michael Chidi Alozie ]]
'''Michael Chidi Alozie''' {{Audio|LL-Q33578 (ibo)-Vivian Amalachukwu-Michael Chidi Alozie.wav|Listen}}  (amụrụ n'abalị iri na isii n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 1986) bụ onye Naijiria na-agba bọọlụ nke ikpeazụ ọ gbara maka Sereď .

== Ọrụ ==
Onye na-agba bọọlụ ahụ malitere ọrụ ya na Swift Eagles na obodo ya bụ Naịjirịa wee bịanye aka na ya na Febụwarị 2004 maka Beroe Stara Zagora na Bulgaria.

=== Ukraine ===
Chidi Alozie nọrọ ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ afọ iri na Yukren. FC Metalurh Zaporizhya nke Ukren Premier League bịanyere aka na ya, ọ gbara bọọlụ afọ atọ na Volyn Lutsk.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.profootball.com.ua/2009/01/23/maykl_alozie_v_afrike.html |title=ПРО ФУТБОЛ{{!}}Майкл АЛОЗИЕ: &quot;В Африке будет борщ&quot; |access-date=2026-05-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110119004020/http://www.profootball.com.ua/2009/01/23/maykl_alozie_v_afrike.html |archive-date=2011-01-19 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Na 29 Jenụwarị 2011 ọ hapụrụ FC Metalurh Zaporizhya wee bịanye aka na PFK Sevastopol.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.ua-football.com/ukrainian/high/4d43e46c.html Официально. Майкл Алозие — игрок ФК &quot;Севастополь&quot;]&lt;/ref&gt;. N'afọ 2014, ọ hapụrụ PFK Sevastopol.

=== Slovakia ===
N'afọ 2015 Alozie bịanyere aka na Slovak ŠKF Sereď . &lt;ref&gt;[http://nitra.sme.sk/c/7933454/na-uvod-derby-sered-proti-sali.html Na úvod derby: Sereď proti Šali]. Nitra.sme.sk. 30 July 2015&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20150904030846/http://us.soccerway.com/teams/slovakia/skf-sered/14041/squad/ SKF Sered' roster for 2015-16]. soccerway.com.&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Ọrụ mba ụwa ==
N'abalị iri abụọ na itoolu n'ọnwa Disemba n'afọ 2007, a kpọrọ Alozie ka ọ bịa n'òtù egwuregwu bọọlụ nke mba Naịjirịa, &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.ua-football.com/ukrainian/first/1198925878-chidi-alozi-vyzvan-v-sbornuyu-nigerii.html Chidi Alozie is called up to the Nigerian team (Чиди Алози вызван в сборную Нигерии)]. UA-Football. 29 December 2007&lt;/ref&gt;. mana ọ dịghị mgbe ọ gbara otu egwuregwu.

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Nitrate</title>
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{{Chembox|ImageFile1=Nitrate-3D-balls.png|ImageAlt1=[[Ball-and-stick model]] of the nitrate ion|ImageClass1=bg-transparent|ImageFileR1=&lt;!-- filename lost in history?  (then L1/R1 together))--&gt;|ImageAltR1=[[Space-filling model]] of the nitrate ion|SystematicName=Nitrate|IUPACName=|OtherNames=|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo = 14797-55-8
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| UNII = T93E9Y2844
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| PubChem = 943
| SMILES = [N+](=O)([O-])[O-] 
| ChemSpiderID = 918
| InChI = 1/NO3/c2-1(3)4/q-1
| InChIKey = NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYAI
| StdInChI = 1S/NO3/c2-1(3)4/q-1
| StdInChIKey = NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
| RTECS = 
| MeSHName = 
| ChEBI = 17632}}|Section2={{Chembox Properties
| Formula = NO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt;
| N=1|O=3
| Appearance =
| Solubility = 
| ConjugateAcid = [[Nitric acid]]}}|Section3={{Chembox Hazards
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| FlashPt =
| AutoignitionPt = }}}}No&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Multiple issues/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{cs1 config|name-list-style=vanc|display-authors=6}}
{{Chembox|ImageFile1=Nitrate-3D-balls.png|ImageAlt1=[[Ball-and-stick model]] of the nitrate ion|ImageClass1=bg-transparent|ImageFileR1=&lt;!-- filename lost in history?  (then L1/R1 together))--&gt;|ImageAltR1=[[Space-filling model]] of the nitrate ion|SystematicName=Nitrate|IUPACName=|OtherNames=|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo = 14797-55-8
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| UNII = T93E9Y2844
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| PubChem = 943
| SMILES = [N+](=O)([O-])[O-] 
| ChemSpiderID = 918
| InChI = 1/NO3/c2-1(3)4/q-1
| InChIKey = NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYAI
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| StdInChIKey = NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
| RTECS = 
| MeSHName = 
| ChEBI = 17632}}|Section2={{Chembox Properties
| Formula = NO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt;
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| ConjugateAcid = [[Nitric acid]]}}|Section3={{Chembox Hazards
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'''Nitrate''' bụ [[ion]]&quot; id=&quot;mwDw&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Polyatomic ion&quot;&gt;polyatomic ion nwere Usoro kemịkal NO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;. A na-akpọ nnu nwere ion a '''nitrates'''. Nitrates bụ ihe ndị a na-ahụkarị na fetịlaịza na bọmbụ. Ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ nitrates niile na-adịghị ndụ na-agbaze na [[mmiri]]. Ihe atụ nke nitrate na-adịghị agwakọta (inorganic) bụ bismuth oxynitrate.

N'okike, ọtụtụ ụdị nje bacteria na-emepụta nitrates na gburugburu ebe obibi site na iji ammonia ma ọ bụ urea dị ka ebe ha si enweta nitrogen na ike ha ji arụ ọrụ. N'oge gara aga, a na-emepụta ngwakọta nitrate ndị e ji arụ ntụ ọkụ n'akụkọ mmalite, na enweghị isi iyi nke mineral nitrate, site na usoro ịgbaze dị iche iche site na iji mamịrị na nsị mgbe a na-enweghị ebe e si enweta nitrate sitere n'okwute ma ọ bụ n'ala, site n'usoro dị iche iche nke ịgba ụka (fermentation) nke a na-esi na mamịrị na nsị anụmanụ enweta. Mmepụta nitrate nke oge a na-elekwasị anya na nkeputa [[Ihe na-eme ka mkpụrụ osisi na-eme nri|fatịlaịza]] na mmepụta kemịkal maka ngwa dị iche iche, dị ka njikọ ọgwụ, ceramics na ichekwa anụ. Kwa afọ, a na-eji ihe dị ka nitrogen fetịlaịza nde otu narị na iri na ise eme ihe n'ụwa niile, na nitrates mejupụtara akụkụ dị ukwuu nke ọnụọgụgụ a.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Global fertilizer consumption by nutrient 1965-2021|url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/438967/fertilizer-consumption-globally-by-nutrient/|accessdate=2024-04-20|work=Statista|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ihi na nitrates na-agbaze ma dị mfe mmiri ozuzo ịwụchapụ ya n'ala,  a na-atụnyere iji ya n'ọrụ ugbo n'ụzọ gabigara ókè na nsị nri, mmetọ mmiri, na mmụba nke ebe mmiri nwụrụ anwụ. Ikpughe nitrates n'onwe ya nye ụmụ mmadụ nwere ike inwe mmetụta na ahụike: iribiga nitrates na anụ a gwọrọ agwọ ókè nwere mmetụta n'ọrịa kansa eriri afọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Corliss|first=Julie|date=2022-02-01|title=Nitrates in food and medicine: What's the story?|url=https://www.health.harvard.edu/heart-health/nitrates-in-food-and-medicine-whats-the-story|accessdate=2025-12-24|work=Harvard Health|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọdịdị kemịkal ==
[[Faịlụ:Nitrate-ion-with-partial-charges-2D.png|thumb|150x150px|Nitrate ion na ụgwọ ndị egosiri]]
Mitrate anion bụ conjugate base nke jikọtara nitric acid, nke nwere otu nitrogen atom n'etiti ya, ebe atọm oxygen  gbara ya gburugburu ma jikọta ya n'otu ụzọ na-eme ka ọdịdị ya yie nhazi trigonal planar &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=McEwen|date=1961|title=Electronic Structures and Spectra of Some Nitrogen-Oxygen Compounds|journal=Journal of Chemical Physics|volume=34|issue=2|pages=547–555|doi=10.1063/1.1700981|url=https://pubs.aip.org/aip/jcp/article-abstract/34/2/547/207635/Electronic-Structures-and-Spectra-of-Some-Nitrogen?redirectedFrom=PDF}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nitrate na-ebu formal charge of −1.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=PubChem|title=Nitrate|url=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/943|accessdate=2025-11-14|work=pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; chaji a na-esite n'ịgbakọta ụgwọ eletrik nkịtị dị n'ime ya,  chaji eletrik a na-esite n'ịgbakọta chaji eletrik nkịtị dị iche iche ebe nke ọ bụla n'ime atọm oksijin atọ ahụ na-eburu ụgwọ nke −⅔, ebe atọm nitrogen ahụ na-eburu chaji nke +1, Ngụkọta nke chaji ndị a niile na-enye iọn nitrate, nke bụ iọn nwere ọtụtụ atọm, chaji eletrik nkịtị nke −1. &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;]]''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt; A na-ejikarị nhazi a eme ihe atụ nke resonance. Dị ka isoelectronic carbonate ion, e nwere ike iji usoro resonance atọ nọchite anya ion nitrate:&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center&quot;&gt;[[Faịlụ:Nitrate-ion-resonance-2D.png|400x400px|Canonical resonance structures for the nitrate ion]]&lt;/div&gt;

== Ihe ndị mejupụtara kemịkal na biokemịkal ==
Na NO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; anion, Ọnọdụ oxidation nke atọm nitrogen dị n'etiti bụ V (+5). Nke a dabara n'ọnụọgụgụ oxidation kachasị elu nke nitrogen. Nitrate bụ oxidịza nwere ike dị ike dị ka egosipụtara site na omume ihe na-agbawa agbawa na okpomọkụ dị elu mgbe a na-agbanye ya na ammonium nitrate, ma ọ bụ ntụ ojii, nke ụzarị nke ihe na-awụ akpata oyi. N'adịghị ka [[nitric acid]]&quot;&gt;red fuming nitric acid (/N2O4), ma ọ bụ concentrated nitric acid, HNO3), nitrate na mmiri mmiri na-anọpụ iche ma ọ bụ pH dị elu bụ naanị ihe na-adịghị ike oxidizing na redox mmeghachi omume nke reducant anaghị emepụta hydrogen ion (dị ka mercury na-aga calomel). Otú ọ dị, ọ ka bụ oxidizer siri ike mgbe reducant na-emepụta hydrogen ion, dịka na oxidation nke hydrogen n'onwe ya. Nitrate kwụsiri ike na enweghị microorganisms, ma ọ bụ reductants dị ka organic matter. N'ezie, gas nitrogen na-akwụsi ike na thermodynamically na ọnụnọ nke 1 atm nke oxygen naanị n'ọnọdụ acid, ma ọ bụghị ya ga-ejikọta ya iji mepụta nitrate. A na-egosi nke a site na iwepu mmeghachi omume oxidation abụọ: &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=[[Marcel Pourbaix]] and N. [[Zubov|de Zoubov]]|editor=Marcel Pourbaix|title=Atlas of Electrochemical Equilibria in Aqueous Solutions|date=1974|pages=49, 497, 500|url=http://sunlight.caltech.edu/aic/pourbaix.pdf|chapter=Nitrogen|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241130045229/http://sunlight.caltech.edu/aic/pourbaix.pdf|archive-date=2024-11-30|access-date=2026-06-29|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;   

: &lt;nowiki&gt;N2 + 6 H2O → 2 NO−3 + 12 H+ + 10 e−       E    0     = 1.246 − 0.0709    pH    +     0.0591 10     [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]       (Ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ ezie na    N    O    3     −       )     2       P      N    2            {\displaystyle \qquad E_{0}=1.246-0.0709{\text{ pH }}+{\frac {0.0591}{10}}\log {\frac { (\mathrm {NO_{3}^{-}}) ^{2}}{P_{\mathrrm {N_{2}}}}    &lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;math&gt;\qquad E_0 = 1.246-0.0709 \text{ pH } + \frac {0.0591} {10} \log\frac{(\mathrm{NO_3^-})^2}{P_{\mathrm{N_2}}}&lt;/math&gt;

: &lt;nowiki&gt;2 H2O → O2 + 4 H+ + 4 e−       E    0     = 1.228 − 0.0591    pH    +     0.0591 4     [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]     P      O    2           {\displaystyle \qquad \qqued \qquada E_{0}=1.228-0.0591{\text{ pH }}+{\frac {0.0591}{4}}\log {P_{\mathrm {O_{2}} }}}    &lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;math&gt;\qquad\qquad\qquad E_0 = 1.228-0.0591 \text{ pH } + \frac {0.0591} 4 \log{P_{\mathrm{O_2}}}&lt;/math&gt;

Iji 0.0118 kewaa ma hazigharịa na-enye mmekọrịta nguzozi:

: &lt;math&gt;\log\frac{(\mathrm{NO_3^-})}{P_{\mathrm{N_2}}^{1/2}P_{\mathrm{O_2}}^{5/4}}=\text{ pH }-1.5&lt;/math&gt;

Otú ọ dị, n'eziokwu, nitrogen, oxygen, na mmiri anaghị agwakọta ozugbo iji mepụta nitrate. Kama nke ahụ, ihe na-ebelata dị ka hydrogen na nitrogen na-emeghachi omume iji mepụta &quot;nitrogen kwụ ọtọ&quot; dị ka ammonia, nke a na-emezi ka ọ bụrụ oxidized, site n'ịgbakwunye oxygen nke na-agbanwe ghọọ nitrate. Nitrate anaghị anọkọ n'ogo dị elu n'okike n'ihi na ọ na-emeghachi omume na ihe ndị na-ewepu oxygen site na usoro a na-akpọ denitrification (lee Nitrogen cycle).

Nje bacteria ndị na-eme denitrification na-eji nitrate dị ka ihe na-anabata elektrọn n'ikpeazụ, nke na-enyere ha aka inweta ike ha ji ebi ndụ ma na-eto nke ọma.. N'okpuru &lt;sub data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 80%;vertical-align: -0.35em&quot;&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&quot; href=&quot;./Hypoxia_(environmental)&quot; id=&quot;mwkg&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Hypoxia (environmental)&quot;&gt;Ọnọdụ anaerobic, nitrate bụ ihe na-anabata electron kachasị ike nke 4&quot; href=&quot;./Prokaryote&quot; id=&quot;mwkw&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Prokaryote&quot;&gt;prokaryote microorganisms (bacteria na archaea) maka iku ume. Di na nwunye redox NO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;/N2 dị n'elu ọkwa redox maka iku ume anaerobic, n'okpuru di na nwunye oxygen (CO=&quot;true&quot; href=&quot;./Oxygen&quot; id=&quot;mwnQ&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Oxygen&quot; typeof=&quot;mw:Transclusion&quot;&gt;O2/ ), mana n'elu di na nwunye Mn (IV) /Mn (II), Fe (III) /Fe (II), SO42&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt;/ , CO2/. N'ime mmiri okike nke microorganisms bi, nitrate bụ ụdị kemịkal na-adịghị akwụsi ike na nke na-agbanwe agbanwe n'ihi na ọ na-agbari site na nje bacteria. A ghaghị idebe ihe nnwale mmiri maka nyocha nitrate / nitrite na 4 °C n'ime ụlọ njuoyi dị ma nyochaa ya ngwa ngwa o kwere mee iji belata ọnwụ nitrate.   &amp;nbsp;

Na nzọụkwụ mbụ nke usoro denitrification, nitrate a gbazere agbaze (NO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;) na-e2&quot; href=&quot;./Redox&quot; id=&quot;mwrg&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Redox&quot;&gt;belata na nitrite (NO2&lt;sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;) site na Ọrụ enzymatic nke nje bacteria. N'ime mmiri, nitrite a gbazere agbaze, N (III), bụ oxidizer dị ike karịa nitrate, N (V), n'ihi na ọ ga-anabata obere electrons na mbelata ya anaghị egbochi karịa nke nitrate.

A makwaara mbelata Electrochemical nke nitrate nke ọma, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Zhang|first=Yixiao|date=April 2025|title=Relationships among structure, composition, and selectivity in the electrocatalytic reduction of nitrate ions|journal=Current Opinion in Electrochemistry|language=en|volume=50|doi=10.1016/j.coelec.2025.101643}}&lt;/ref&gt; ọ bụ ezie na ojiji ya maka nchekwa ike na denitrification emepebeghị emepe. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Du|first=Na|date=December 2025|title=A hidden role of the nitrate ions in nitrate-based energy storage materials|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2352152X25036199|journal=Journal of Energy Storage|language=en|volume=139|doi=10.1016/j.est.2025.118906}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'oge usoro denitrification nke ihe ndị dị ndụ, mbelata ọzọ nke nitrite na-emekwa ka ihe ọzọ dị ike oxidizing: nitric oxide (NO). NO nwere ike idozi na myoglobin, na-eme ka ụcha ọbara ọbara ya pụta ìhè. NO bụ ihe dị mkpa na-eme ka ihe dị ndụ pụta ìhè ma na-etinye aka na usoro vasodilation. N'agbanyeghị nke ahụ, ọ nwekwara ike ịmepụta free radicals na anụ ahụ, na-eme ka ha na-emebi ngwa ngwa na usoro ịka nká. Ụdị oxygen na-emeghachi omume (ROS) nke NO na-emepụta na-enye aka na nrụgide oxidative, ọnọdụ metụtara dysfunction vascular na atherogenesis.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lubos2008&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Role of oxidative stress and nitric oxide in atherothrombosis|journal=Frontiers in Bioscience|volume=13|issue=13|pages=5323–5344|date=May 2008|pmid=18508590|doi=10.2741/3084}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nchọpụta dị na nyocha kemịkal ==
A na-enyocha anion nitrate na mmiri site na ion chromatography (IC) yana anions ndị ọzọ dịkwa na ngwọta ahụ. Isi uru nke IC bụ ịdị mfe ya na nyocha n'otu oge nke anions niile dị na sampụlụ mmiri. Kemgbe mpụta nke ngwá ọrụ IC na 1980s, usoro nkewa a, tinyere ọtụtụ ihe nchọpụta, aghọwo ihe a na-ahụkarị na ụlọ nyocha kemịkal ma bụrụ usoro kachasị amasị na nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe maka nyocha nitrite.&lt;ref name=&quot;Michalski2006&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Michalski|first=Rajmund|date=2006|title=Ion chromatography as a reference method for determination of inorganic ions in water and wastewater|url=https://archive.org/details/critical-reviews-in-analytical-chemistry_2006_36_2/page/107|journal=Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry|volume=36|issue=2|issn=1040-8347|doi=10.1080/10408340600713678|pages=107–127}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'oge gara aga, mkpebi nitrate dabere na spectrophotometric na colorimetric mgbe agbakwunyere otu reagent na ngwọta iji kpughee àgwà pụrụ iche (ọ na-acha ọbara ọbara n'ihi na ọ na-amịkọrọ ìhè a na-ahụ anya na-acha anụnụ anụnụ). N'ihi mgbochi na agba nchara nke ihe ndị a gbazere agbaze (DOM: humic na fulvic acid) na-adịkarị na mmiri oghere ala, ihe ndị e ji mee ihe nwere ike imetụta uru absorbance n'ụzọ dị mfe. N'ihe banyere mgbochi na-adịghị ike, ihe na-enweghị ihe ọ bụla nke nwere naanị ihe nlele mmiri na-acha nchara nchara nwere ike zuo iji wepụ ihe ndabere a na-achọghị site na ihe nlele a tụrụ. Ọ bụrụ na agba nchara DOM siri ike, a ghaghị idozi ihe nlele mmiri, a ghaghịkwa ikewapụ ụdị nitrogen na-enweghị ihe ọ bụla tupu a tụọ ya. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, maka ihe nlele mmiri doro anya, ngwá ọrụ colorimetric na-ejigide uru nke ịdị ọnụ ala na mgbe ụfọdụ a na-ebugharị ha, na-eme ka ha bụrụ nhọrọ dị ọnụ ala maka njikwa ngwa ngwa ma ọ bụ nha ubi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Syamaladevi|first=Nandu Ashtaman‐Pillai|date=November 2025|title=Transport Matters: The Critical Role of the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER) in Accelerating Electrochemical Nitrate to Ammonia Conversion|url=https://advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/advs.202506733|journal=Advanced Science|language=en|volume=12|issue=44|doi=10.1002/advs.202506733|issn=2198-3844|pmid=40985268}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ụzọ colorimetric maka nchọpụta  nke nitrate kpọmkwem (NO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;) na-adabere na ntụgharị ya gaa na nitrite (NO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;) sochiri nyocha nitrite. mbelata nke nitrate na nitrite nwere ike ime site na ọla kọpa-cadmium alloy, metallic zinc, &lt;ref name=&quot;daAscencao2024&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=da Ascenção|first=Wellington Diego|date=2024-05-23|title=A simple, ecofriendly, and fast method for nitrate quantification in bottled water using visible spectrophotometry|journal=Toxics|volume=12|issue=6|issn=2305-6304|pmid=38922063|doi=10.3390/toxics12060383}}&lt;/ref&gt; ma ọ bụ hydrazine. Ihe kachasị ewu ewu n'ime nyocha ndị a bụ Ule Griess, ebe a na-agbanwe nitrite ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-acha uhie uhie nke dabara adaba maka nyocha UV-vis spectrophotometry. Usoro a na-eji mmeghachi omume nke nitrous acid () nke sitere na acidisation nke nitrite. Nitrous acid na-ahọrọ na-emeghachi omume na amines aromatic iji nye nnu diazonium, nke na-ejikọta ya na reagent nke abụọ iji nye [[azo dye]]&quot;&gt;azo dye. Ogologo nchọpụta bụ 0.02 ruo 2 μM.&lt;ref name=&quot;Moorcroft2001&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Detection and determination of nitrate and nitrite: a review|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_talanta_2001-06-21_54_5/page/785|journal=Talanta|volume=54|issue=5|pages=785–803|date=June 2001|pmid=18968301|doi=10.1016/S0039-9140(01)00323-X}}&lt;/ref&gt; Usoro ndị dị otú ahụ emeela ka ha kwekọọ na ihe nlele nke ihe ndị dị ndụ  na ihe nlere ala.  &lt;ref name=&quot;Ellis1998&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Nitrite and nitrate analyses: a clinical biochemistry perspective|journal=Clinical Biochemistry|volume=31|issue=4|pages=195–220|date=June 1998|pmid=9646943|doi=10.1016/S0009-9120(98)00015-0}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Guiot1975&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Guiot|first=J.|date=1975|title=Estimation of soil nitrogen reserves by determination of mineral nitrogen|url=https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/full/10.5555/19751922999|journal=Revue de l'Agriculture (Bruxelles)|volume=28|issue=5|pages=1117–1132}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Na usoro 2&quot; href=&quot;./Dimethylphenol&quot; id=&quot;mwAQ4&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Dimethylphenol&quot;&gt;dimethylphenol, a na-agbakwunye 1 mL nke sulfuric acid () na 200 μL nke ihe ngwọta a na-anwale maka nitrate. N'okpuru ọnọdụ acid siri ike, nitrate ion na-emeghachi omume na 2,6-dimethylphenol, na-emepụta ngwakọta odo, 4-nitro-2,6-dimethylephenol. Nke a na-eme site na electrophilic aromatic substitution ebe etiti nitronium (+NO2) ion na-awakpo mgbanaka aromatic nke dimethylphenol. A na-enyocha ngwaahịa a na-emepụta (ortho- ma ọ bụ para-nitro-dimethylphenol) site na iji UV-vis spectrophotometry na 345 nm dịka Iwu Lambert-Beer si dị.&lt;ref name=&quot;dimethylphenol&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=US-EPA|title=Approved method for water and wastewater analysis, 40 CFR part 136; and drinking water, 40 CFR part 141.23.|url=https://downloads.regulations.gov/EPA-HQ-OW-2011-0413-0018/content.pdf|accessdate=2025-04-14}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;HachTNTplus&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Hach Company|title=TNTplus 835/836 nitrate method 10206. Spectrophotometric measurement of nitrate in water and wastewater|url=https://downloads.regulations.gov/EPA-HQ-OW-2011-0413-0018/content.pdf|year=2025|accessdate=2025-04-14}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &amp;nbsp;

Usoro ọzọ nke colorimetric dabere na Chromotropic acid (dihydroxynaphthalene-disulfonic acid) ka West na Lyles mepụtara na 1960 maka mkpebi spectrophotometric nke nitrate anions.&lt;ref name=&quot;WestLyles1960&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=West|first=Philip W.|date=1960|title=A new method for the determination of nitrates|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0003267060800578|journal=Analytica Chimica Acta|volume=23|pages=227–232|doi=10.1016/S0003-2670(60)80057-8|issn=0003-2670}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ bụrụ na agbakwunye formic acid na ngwakọta nke brucine (alkaloid metụtara strychnine) na potassium nitrate (), ụcha ya na-acha ọbara ọbara ozugbo. A na-eji mmeghachi omume a eme ihe maka Nchọpụta colorimetric nke nitrates.&lt;ref name=&quot;Baker1967&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Baker|first=Aaron Sidney|date=1967-05-01|title=Colorimetric determination of nitrate in soil and plant extracts with brucine|url=https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/jf60153a004|accessdate=2025-03-01|journal=Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry|volume=15|issue=5|pages=802–806|language=EN|doi=10.1021/jf60153a004}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Maka nyocha kemịkal n'ịntanetị site na iji usoro na-agafe agafe, a na-ewebata ihe nnwale mmiri site na mgbapụta peristaltic na nyocha injection, a na'ejikọkwa nitrate ma ọ bụ nsị nitrite na-esi na ya apụta na reagent maka nchọpụta colorimetric ya.

== Mpụta ihe ya na mmepụta ==
A na-ahụ nnu nitrate n'ụzọ okike n'ụwa n'ebe kpọrọ nkụ dị ka nnukwu nkwakọba ihe, ọkachasị nke nitratine, isi iyi nke sodium nitrate.

A na-emepụta Nitrates site n'iwere ọtụtụ ụdị nje bacteria dị na gburugburu ebe obibi site na iji ammonia ma ọ bụ urea dị ka isi iyi nke nitrogen na isi iyi nke ike ha na-enweta n'enweghị enyemaka nke ihe ndị ọzọ. A na-emepụta ihe ndị dị na nitrate maka ntụ ọkụ n'akụkọ mmalite, na-enweghị isi iyi nke mineral nitrate, site n'usoro ịgbaze dị iche iche n'iji mamịrị na nsị.

Mgbe àmụ̀mà na-agba n'ikuku ụwa nke jupụtara na nitrogen na oksijin, ọ na-emepụta ngwakọta dị iche iche nke oxide nitrogenn, nke na-emepụta nitrous ion na nitrate ion, nke mmiri ozuzo na-awụchapụ site n'ikuku.

A na-esite na nitric acid emepụta Nitrates n'ụlọ ọrụ.

== Ojiji ya ==

=== Ọrụ ugbo ===
Nitrate bụ kemịkalụ nke na-eje ozi dị ka ụdị nitrogen bụ isi maka ọtụtụ osisi. Ihe oriri a dị mkpa na-eji osisi emepụta protein, nucleic acid, na ihe ndị ọzọ dị mkpa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=The Expected and Unexpected Roles of Nitrate Transporters in Plant Abiotic Stress Resistance and Their Regulation|journal=International Journal of Molecular Sciences|volume=19|issue=11|date=November 2018|pmid=30423982|doi=10.3390/ijms19113535}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbanwe nke nitrogen ikuku n'ime nitrate na-esite na ụfọdụ nje bacteria na àmụ̀mà dị na okirikiri nitrogen, nke na-egosipụta ikike okike nwere iji gbanwee molekụl na-adịghị arụ ọrụ n'ụdị dị oke mkpa maka mmepụta ihe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2018-11-26|title=Insight on transformation pathways of nitrogen species and functional genes expression by targeted players involved in nitrogen cycle.|journal=Impact|language=en|volume=2018|issue=8|pages=58–59|doi=10.21820/23987073.2018.8.58|issn=2398-7073}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A na-eji nitrates eme [[Ihe na-eme ka mkpụrụ osisi na-eme nri|fetịlaịza]] n'[[Oru ugbo|ọrụ ugbo]] n'ihi nnukwu ike ha nwere ịgbaze n'ime mmiri na ịdị mfe ha ịlaghachi n'okike site n'ọrụ nje na ihe ndị ọzọ dị ndụ. Isi fetịlaịza nitrate ndị a na-ejikarị eme ihe bụ ammonium, sodium, potassium, calcium, na nnu magnesium. A na-emepụta ọtụtụ ijeri kilogram kwa afọ maka ebumnuche a. Ihe nitrate pụtara karịrị ọrụ ya dị ka ihe na-edozi ahụ ebe ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ihe mgbaàmà nye osisi, na-achịkwa usoro dịka uto mgbọrọgwụ, okooko osisi, na uto  akwụkwọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Nitrate regulation of lateral root and root hair development in plants|journal=Journal of Experimental Botany|volume=71|issue=15|pages=4405–4414|date=July 2020|pmid=31796961|doi=10.1093/jxb/erz536}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ bụ ezie na nitrate bara uru maka ọrụ ugbo ebe ọ bụ na ọ na-eme ka ala na-eme nri na ihe ọkụkụ, ojiji ya gabigara ókè nwere ike ibute ịsachapụ nri ndị dị n'ala, mmetọ mmiri, na ịbawanye mpaghara mmiri nwụrụ anwụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|chapter=Concerns and Threats of Contamination on Aquatic Ecosystems|date=2020|title=Bioremediation and Biotechnology|pages=1–26|location=Cham|publisher=Springer International Publishing|language=en|doi=10.1007/978-3-030-35691-0_1|isbn=978-3-030-35690-3}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya mere, usoro ọrụ ugbo na-adịgide nke na-eme ka mmepụta ihe na nlekọta gburugburu ebe obibi dị mkpa. Mkpa Nitrate dị na gburugburu ebe obibi pụtara ìhè ebe ọ bụ na ọ na-akwado uto na mmepe nke osisi, na-enye aka na ụdị dị iche iche na nguzozi gburugburu ebe obibi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Possibilities for reducing nitrate leaching from agricultural land|url=https://archive.org/details/ambio_2002-08_31_5/page/404|journal=Ambio|volume=31|issue=5|pages=404–408|date=August 2002|pmid=12374048|doi=10.1579/0044-7447-31.5.404}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ngwá Agha ===
A na-eji nitrate eme ihe dị ka ihe na-eme ka ikuku na-agbaze, ọkachasị na bọmbụ, ebe ngwa ngwa oxidation nke ogige carbon na-atọhapụ nnukwu gas (lee ntụ ọkụ dị ka ihe atụ).

=== Ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe ===
A na-eji sodium nitrate ewepụ ikuku site na iko a gbazere agbaze na ụfọdụ ceramics. A na-eji ngwakọta nke nnu a gbazere agbaze eme ka elu nke ọla ụfọdụ sie ike.

=== Ojiji ya n'ọgwụ na imeputa ọgwụ ===
N'ihe gbasara ahụike, organic esters e nwetara na nitrate, dị ka glyceryl trinitrate, isosorbide dinitrate, na isosorbide mononitrate, eme ihe na prophylaxis na nlekọta nke acute coronary syndrome, Myocardial infarction, acute pulmonary oedema.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=The role of organic nitrates in the optimal medical management of angina|journal=e-Journal of Cardiology Practice|date=April 2017|volume=15|issue=2|url=https://www.escardio.org/Journals/E-Journal-of-Cardiology-Practice/Volume-15/The-role-of-organic-nitrates-in-the-optimal-medical-management-of-angina|accessdate=2023-10-30}}&lt;/ref&gt; A maara ụdị ọgwụ a, nke amyl nitrite sokwa na ya, dị ka nitrovasodilators.

== Mmetụta na nchekwa ==
Akụkụ abụọ nke kwesịrị ilebara anya na mmetụta nitrate bụ ndị a:

* nitrate belatara site na ọrụ microbial nke nitrate reducing bacteria bụ ihe na-ebute nitrite na mmiri na n'okpuru eriri afọ. Nitrite bụ ihe na-ebute nitrosamines na-akpata carcinogenic, na;
* site na mmepụta nke nitrite, nitrate na-emetụta [[Hemoglobin]]&quot; id=&quot;mwAZ0&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Methemoglobinemia&quot;&gt;methemoglobinemia, nsogbu nke hemoglobin na mkpụrụ ndụ ọbara uhie, karịsịa na-emetụ ụmụ ọhụrụ na ụmụaka site na iri nitrates na mmiri ọṅụṅụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=When does nitrate become a risk for humans?|journal=Journal of Environmental Quality|volume=37|issue=2|pages=291–295|year=2008|pmid=18268290|doi=10.2134/jeq2007.0177|url=https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/agronomyfacpub/102}}
&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|work=The Merck Veterinary Manual|title=Nitrate and Nitrite Poisoning: Introduction|url=http://www.merckvetmanual.com/mvm/index.jsp?cfile=htm/bc/212300.htm|accessdate=2008-12-27|archivedate=2016-03-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304001633/http://www.merckvetmanual.com/mvm/index.jsp?cfile=htm/bc/212300.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Methemoglobinemia ===
Otu n'ime ihe kachasị akpata methemoglobinemia n'ime ụmụaka ọhụrụ bụ iri nitrate na nitrite site na mmiri ma ọ bụ nri.

N'ezie, nitrates (NO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;), nke na-adịkarị n'ọtụtụ mmiri ọṅụṅụ, bụ naanị ụdị kemịkal na-ebute nitrites (NO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;), ezigbo ndị kpatara metHemoglobin. Nitrite nke a na-emepụta site na Mbelata nke nitrate (n'ụzọ ziri ezi na mmiri ọṅụṅụ, ma ọ bụ mgbe usoro mgbari nri nke nwa ọhụrụ riri ya) bụ ndị na-eme ka oxidizers dị ike karịa nitrates ma bụrụ onye na-ahụ maka oxidation nke Fe&lt;sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; n'ime Fe&lt;sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3+&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; na tetrapyrrole heme nke hemoglobin. N'ezie, anions nitrate bụ ndị oxidizers na-adịghị ike na mmiri iji nwee ike ozugbo, ma ọ bụ ma ọ dịkarịa ala ngwa ngwa, oxidize Fe2+ n'ime Fe3+, n'ihi njedebe kinetics.

Ụmụaka na-erubeghị ọnwa anọ nọ n'ihe ize ndụ dị ukwuu n'ihi na ha na-aṅụ mmiri karịa n'ibu ọ bụla ha buru, ha nwere ọrụ NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase dị ala, ha nwekwara ọkwa dị elu nke hemoglobin nwa ọhụrụ nke na-agbanwe n'ụzọ dị mfe na methemoglobin. Tụkwasị na nke a, ụmụ ọhụrụ nọ n'ihe ize ndụ dị ukwuu mgbe ha nwesịrị gastroenteritis n'ihi mmepụta nke nitrites site na nje bacteria.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|chapter=Chapter 489: Hemoglobinopathies|title=Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics|url=https://archive.org/details/nelsontextbookof0000robe|edition=21st|date=2000|publisher=Elsevier Inc.|pages=2540–2558|isbn=978-0-323-52950-1}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Otú ọ dị, ihe ndị ọzọ na-abụghị nitrates nwekwara ike imetụta ụmụ ọhụrụ na ụmụ nwanyị dị ime.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|doi=10.1111/j.1475-2743.2004.tb00344.x|title=Nitrate and human health|journal=Soil Use and Management|volume=20|issue=2|pages=98–104|year=2006}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;pmid10379005&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Infantile methemoglobinemia: reexamining the role of drinking water nitrates|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_environmental-health-perspectives_1999-07_107_7/page/583|journal=Environmental Health Perspectives|volume=107|issue=7|pages=583–6|date=July 1999|pmid=10379005|doi=10.1289/ehp.99107583}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ezie, ọtụtụ ihe ndị ọzọ dị ka Ọrịa obi cyanotic, nkwarụ obi a mụrụ na-akpata nke na-akpatakwa ikuku oxygen dị ala n'ọbara,  ma ọ bụ iwe afọ, dị ka ọrịa afọ ọsịsa, enweghị ike ịnagide protein, mmetụta metal dị arọ, wdg. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Nitrates in drinking water and methemoglobin levels in pregnancy: a longitudinal study|language=En|journal=Environmental Health|volume=9|issue=1|date=October 2010|pmid=20946657|doi=10.1186/1476-069x-9-60}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ụkpụrụ mmiri ọṅụṅụ ===
Site na Iwu na-achị Mmiri Ọṅụṅụ Dị Mma, [[Ụlọ Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Nchebe Gburugburu Ebe Obibi nke United States|Ụlọ Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Nchekwa Gburugburu Ebe Obibi nke United States]] setịpụrụ ọkwa kachasị elu nke 10 mg / L ma ọ bụ 10 ppm nke nitrate na mmiri ọṅụṅụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://safewater.zendesk.com/hc/en-us/articles/211401718-4-What-are-EPA-s-drinking-water-regulations-for-nitrate-|title=4. What are EPA's drinking water regulations for nitrate?|work=Ground Water &amp; Drinking Water|date=20 September 2016|language=en-US|accessdate=2018-11-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;&amp;nbsp;

Kọmitii Ọkachamara Na-ahụ Maka Ihe Ndị A Na-etinye n'Nri nke FAO na WHO (JECFA) wepụtara oke nitrate ion a na-anabata ka mmadụ na-aṅụ kwa ụbọchị (ADI), nke dị n'agbata 0 ruo 3.7 mg kwa kilogram ibu ahụ n'otu ụb. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Composite of Cu metal nanoparticles-multiwall carbon nanotubes-reduced graphene oxide as a novel and high performance platform of the electrochemical sensor for simultaneous determination of nitrite and nitrate|journal=Journal of Hazardous Materials|volume=324|issue=Pt B|pages=762–772|date=February 2017|pmid=27894754|doi=10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.11.055}}&lt;/ref&gt;&amp;nbsp;

=== Mmetụta na-egbu egbu n'ime mmiri ===
[[Faịlụ:Annual_mean_sea_surface_nitrate_(World_Ocean_Atlas_2009).png|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Nitrate n'elu oké osimiri sitere na Atlas nke Oké Osimiri ỤwaAtụmatụ Oké Osimiri Ụwa]]
Na Mmiri dị ọcha ma ọ bụ usoro estuarine dị nso n'ala, nitrate nwere ike iru ogo nke na-egbu azụ. Ọ bụ ezie na nitrate bụ ihe na-egbu egbu karịa ammonia, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Acute toxicity of sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate, and potassium chloride and their effects on the hemolymph composition and gill structure of early juvenile blue swimmer crabs(Portunus pelagicus Linnaeus, 1758) (Decapoda, Brachyura, Portunidae)|journal=Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry|volume=26|issue=9|pages=1955–1962|date=September 2007|pmid=17705664|doi=10.1897/07-144r.1}}&lt;/ref&gt; ọkwa karịrị ppm nitrate iri atọ nwere ike igbochi uto, mebie usoro ahụ ji alụso ọrịa ọgụ ma kpatara nrụgide na ụfọdụ ụdị mmiri. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://freshaquarium.about.com/od/watercare/a/nitrates.htm|title=Nitrates in the Aquarium|work=About.com|accessdate=October 30, 2013|author=Sharpe, Shirlie|archivedate=July 24, 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724135608/http://freshaquarium.about.com/od/watercare/a/nitrates.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nitrate toxicity ka bụ isiokwu arụmụka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Effects of potassium on nitrate mediated alterations of osmoregulation in marine crabs|journal=Aquatic Toxicology|volume=85|issue=3|pages=202–208|date=December 2007|pmid=17942166|doi=10.1016/j.aquatox.2007.09.004}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ọtụtụ ọnọdụ nke oke nitrate na usoro mmiri, isi ihe bụ mmiri na-adịghị mma, ya na mmiri na-agbapụta n'elu site na ọrụ ugbo ma ọ bụ ebe ndị mara mma nke natara fatịlaịza nitrate karịrị akarị. eutrophication na algae na-akpata anoxia na mpaghara nwụrụ anwụ. N'ihi ya, ka nitrate na-emepụta akụkụ nke ihe siri ike, a na-eji ha eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe dị ka ihe na-egosi [[Ịdị mma mmiri|ogo mmiri]].

== Mmetụta mmadụ na gburugburu ebe obibi site na ntinye nitrate ==
[[Faịlụ:Nitrate_and_Phosphate_Pacific_Ocean.jpg|thumb|Ọnụ ọgụgụ nitrate na phosphate karịrị akarị nke a tụrụ n'Oké Osimiri Pacific &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Saichun|first=Tan|date=2016|title=Satellite-Observed Transport of Dust to the East China Sea and the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre: Contribution of Dust to the Increase in Chlorophyll during Spring 2010|url=https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/7/11/152|journal=Atmosphere|language=en|volume=7|issue=11|doi=|issn=2073-4433}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]
Nitrate deposition n'ime ecosystems amụbaala nke ukwuu n'ihi ọrụ ụmụ mmadụ, ọkachasị site na itinye [[Ihe na-eme ka mkpụrụ osisi na-eme nri|fatịlaịza]] nitrogen bara ụba n'ọrụ ugbo na ikuku sitere na ọkụ ọkụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Past, Present and Future Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition|journal=Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences|volume=73|issue=5|pages=2039–2047|date=May 2016|pmid=32747838|doi=10.1175/JAS-D-15-0278.1}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kwa afọ, a na-eji ihe dị ka nde 195 nke nitrogen fatịlaịza eme ihe n'ụwa niile, na nitrates mejupụtara akụkụ dị mkpa nke ego a.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt; N'ógbè ndị nwere ọrụ ugbo siri ike, dị ka akụkụ nke US, China, na India, ojiji nke fatịlaịza nitrogen nwere ike ịgafe 200 kilogram kwa hekta.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

Mmetụta nke mmụba nke nitrate na-agbasa karịa obodo osisi iji metụta Ọnụ ọgụgụ ụmụ irighiri ihe n'ala.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Effects of nitrogen input on soil bacterial community structure and soil nitrogen cycling in the rhizosphere soil of ''Lycium barbarum'' L|journal=Frontiers in Microbiology|volume=13|date=2023-01-10|pmid=36704567|doi=10.3389/fmicb.2022.1070817}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbanwe na kemịkalụ ala na ihe oriri na-edozi ahụ nwere ike imebi usoro okike nke nitrogen fixation, nitrification, na denitrification, nke na-eduga na mgbanwe nke usoro na ọrụ nke obodo microbial. Mgbanwe a nwere ike imetụta usoro nri na ahụike gburugburu ebe obibi n'ozuzu ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Disruption of the global nitrogen cycle: A grand challenge for the twenty-first century: This article belongs to Ambio's 50th Anniversary Collection. Theme: Eutrophication|journal=Ambio|volume=50|issue=4|pages=759–763|date=April 2021|pmid=33534057|doi=10.1007/s13280-020-01429-2}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nitrate dị n'ime nri a na-eri ==
Isi iyi nke nitrate na nri mmadụ na-esite na iri nri akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, dị ka spinach na arugula. NO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; nwere ike ịdị na mmiri beetroot. Mmiri ọṅụṅụ na-anọchite anya isi iyi nitrate.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hord2009&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Food sources of nitrates and nitrites: the physiologic context for potential health benefits|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-journal-of-clinical-nutrition_2009-07_90_1/page/1|journal=The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition|volume=90|issue=1|pages=1–10|date=July 2009|pmid=19439460|doi=10.3945/ajcn.2008.27131}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nitrate a na-eri eri na-eme ka plasma nitrate dịkwuo elu site na abụọ ruo atọ, a pụkwara ịnọgide na-enwe nitrate dị elu karịa izu 2. Mmụba nke plasma nitrate na-eme ka mmepụta nke nitric oxide, NO. Nitric oxide bụ ihe mgbaàmà nke na-etinye aka, n'etiti ihe ndị ọzọ, na-achịkwa ọbara na iku ume mitochondrial.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Food, Nutrition and Sports Performance III|url=https://archive.org/details/foodnutritionspo0000unse_d7a4|publisher=Taylor &amp; Francis|year=2013|isbn=978-0-415-62792-4|location=New York}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Anụ a gwọrọ ma chekwaa ka ọ ghara imebi ngwa ngwa ===
''Ogo nitrite (NO₂⁻) mmadụ na-eri na-adaberekarị n'ọnụ ọgụgụ anụ ndị a haziri n'ụlọ ọrụ mmadụ na-eri, nakwa n'ogo nitrate''  (NO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;) agbakwunyere na anụ ndị a (becon, sausage...) iji chekwaa ha ma mee ka ha ghara imebi ngwa ngwa. Ọ bụ ezie na nitrites bụ ụdị nitrogen a na-ejikarị eme ihe na ọgwụgwọ anụ, a na-eji nitrates eme ihe ma nwee ike ịgbanwe ya ka ọ bụrụ nitrite site na microorganisms, ma ọ bụ na usoro mgbari nri, malite site na mgbasa ha na asọ na njikọ ha na microbiota nke ọnụ. Nitrites na-eduga n'ịmepụta nitrosamines na-akpata carcinogenic.&lt;ref name=&quot;pmid12421881&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Effect of white versus red meat on endogenous N-nitrosation in the human colon and further evidence of a dose response|journal=The Journal of Nutrition|volume=132|issue=11 Suppl|pages=3522S–3525S|date=November 2002|pmid=12421881|doi=10.1093/jn/132.11.3522S}}&lt;/ref&gt; Enwere ike igbochi mmepụta nke nitrosamines site na iji vitamin C Antioxidants na ụdị alpha-tocopherol nke vitamin E n'oge ọgwụgwọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;pmid22464105&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Sodium nitrite: the &quot;cure&quot; for nitric oxide insufficiency|journal=Meat Science|volume=92|issue=3|pages=274–279|date=November 2012|pmid=22464105|doi=10.1016/j.meatsci.2012.03.001}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọtụtụ ndị na-ahazi anụ na-ekwu na anụ ha (dịka bacon) bụ &quot;anụ a na-agwọghị&quot; – ma  nke a bụ naanị ụzọ mgbasa ozi ahịa, n'ihi na ọ nweghị ezigbo ihe ndabere ya: N'eziokwu, ọ dịghị ihe dịka &quot;bacon a na-agwọghị,&quot; (n'ihi na ụdị bacon a ga-abụ afọ anụ ezi e bere n'ibe ma bụrụ nke a na-emebeghị nhazi ma ọ bụ nchekwa ọ bụla).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.tastingtable.com/1132614/is-there-a-difference-between-cured-and-uncured-bacon/|title=Is There a Difference Between Cured and Uncured Bacon?|date=9 December 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to better sources. (August 2023)&quot;&gt;better&lt;span typeof=&quot;mw:Entity&quot;&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;nbsp;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;source&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span typeof=&quot;mw:Entity&quot;&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;nbsp;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;needed&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt; N'eziokwu, &quot;anụ a na-akpọ uncured&quot; bụkwa anụ e ji nitrite gwọọ ma chekwaa, ebe ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ na ọ dịghị ihe dị iche n'usoro nhazi ya. Naanị ọdịiche dị bụ ihe iwu ịkpọ aha ngwaahịa nke USDA chọrọ n'etiti nitrite sitere n'osisi akwukwo nri (dịka celery) na sodium nitrite a na-emepụta n'ụzọ ụlọ ọrụ (&quot;synthetic&quot;). Ihe atụ yiri nke a bụ &quot;sea salt&quot; vs. sodium chloride – ha abụọ bụ otu kemịkalụ ahụ kpọmkwem, naanị oke ndịiche dị n'etiti ha bụ isi mmalite ha.

Nri ndị na-egbochi ọbara mgbali elu, dị ka Nri DASH, na-enwekarị ọkwa nitrate dị elu, nke a na-ebu ụzọ belata na nitrite na asọ, dịka achọpụta na nyocha asọ, tupu ịmepụta nitric oxide (NO). &lt;ref name=&quot;Hord2009&quot;/&gt;

== Nri anụ ụlọ ==
Mgbaàmà nke nsị nitrate n'ime anụ ụlọ gụnyere mmụba obi na iku ume; n'ọnọdụ ndị dị elu, ọbara na anụ ahụ nwere ike ịghọ acha anụnụ anụnụ ma ọ bụ nchara nchara. Enwere ike ịnwale nri maka nitrate; ebe ọgwụgwọ gụnyere iwere nitrate dị ala dochie nri dị ugbu a. Ogo nitrate a na-ewere dị ka nke dị mma maka ụdị anụ ụlọ dị iche iche bụ ndị a: &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www1.agric.gov.ab.ca/$department/deptdocs.nsf/all/faq8911|title=Nitrate Risk in Forage Crops - Frequently Asked Questions|publisher=Government of Alberta|work=Agriculture and Rural Development|accessdate=October 30, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Ụdị
!%NO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;
!%NO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;-N
!%KNO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;
!Mmetụta
|-
|1
|&lt; 0.5&amp;nbsp;
|&lt; 0.12&amp;nbsp;
|&lt; 0.81&amp;nbsp;
|N'ozuzu, ọ dị mma maka ehi na atụrụ
|-
|2
|0.5–1.0
|0.12–0.23
|0.81–1.63
|Ịdọ aka ná ntị: ụfọdụ mgbaàmà ndị na-adịghị mma nwere ike ịpụta na ịnyịnya dị ime, atụrụ na ehi dị ime
|-
|3
|1.0
|0.23
|1.63
|Nsogbu nitrate dị elu: ọnwụ na ite ime nwere ike ime na ehi na atụrụ
|-
|4
|&lt; 1.23&amp;nbsp;
|&lt; 0.28&amp;nbsp;
|&lt; 2.00&amp;nbsp;
|Ọnọdụ kachasị mma maka ịnyịnya. Ejila nri dị elu nke nitrate nye ụmụ nne dị ime
|}
Ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị e nyere n'elu dabeere na ihe na-enweghị mmiri.

== Nnu na ihe ndị e si na ya nweta nke nwere njikọ covalent ==
Ọdịdị nke nitrate na ihe ndị dị na tebụl oge:{{nitrates}}

== Hụkwa ==

* Ammonium
* Eutrophication
* f-ratio na oceanography
* Ihe osise oyi
* Nitrification
* Nitratin
* Nitrite, anion NO2&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt;
* Nitrogen oxide
* Nitrogen trioxide, nke na-anọpụ iche NO3
* Peroxynitrate, OONO2&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt;
* Sodium nitrate

== Edensibịa ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}
[[Otú:Short description is different from Wikidata]]
[[Otú:Articles with short description]]
[[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Obere hydro</title>
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[[Faịlụ:Fall_in_Licq-Atherey.jpg|thumb|Obere ụlọ ọrụ ọkụ eletrik nke Licq-Athérey (Pyrénées-Atlantiques, France).]]
'''Obere mmiri''' bụ ọgbọ nke ike mmiri eletrik na obere nha ma e jiri ya tụnyere nnukwu mmiri ọdịnala. Nkọwa ziri ezi dịgasị iche site na mba, mana obere ọrụ mmiri (SHP) na-erughị 50 megawatts (MW) ma nwee ike ịkekọrịta ya site na &quot;mini&quot; (&lt;500kW), &quot;micro&quot; (&lt;100 kW), na &quot;pico&quot; (&lt;10 kW). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=What is small hydro?|url=https://www.ieahydro.org/about/past-achievements-and-completed-activities/annex-2/what-is-small-hydro|accessdate=2025-03-20|work=IEA Hydropower|archivedate=2025-10-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20251005132750/https://www.ieahydro.org/about/past-achievements-and-completed-activities/annex-2/what-is-small-hydro}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ikike kachasị elu nke mmepụta ike bụ isi ihe nke nhazi SHP. Ihe ndị dị ka ịdị elu nke mmiri, ịdị elu nke weir, ebe nchekwa, ihe owuwu na usoro ọrụ anaghị edozi n'okpuru metric a.

Ọrụ SHP etoola ngwa ngwa n'ime iri afọ abụọ gara aga. Usoro nnabata ngwa ngwa nwere ike ime ka ọ dị mfe ịzụlite na itinye aka n'ọgbọ ekesa na mpaghara ọkụ eletrik. Enwere ike wuo obere ọrụ mmiri mmiri n'ebe ndị dịpụrụ adịpụ nke ga-abụ enweghị akụ na ụba iji rụọ ọrụ site na ọkụ eletrik nke mba, ma ọ bụ na mpaghara ebe grid mba na-adịghị. Ha na-emepụta ike n'ogo kwesịrị ekwesị maka iji obodo mee ihe, na-akwalite nnwere onwe ike. Mpaghara ime obodo na-eche ihe ịma aka ihu na ntinye SHP n'ihi enweghị mgbado anya ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, data ziri ezi, na ego na-adịgide adịgide.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=UNIDO|date=2022|title=World Small Hydropower Development Report 2022|url=https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/4025088?v=pdf|journal=Global overview / United Nations Industrial Development Organization|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Aghọtabebeghị mmetụta mmekọrịta ọha na eze na gburugburu ebe obibi nke obere mmiri. Ọtụtụ mba anaghị achọ ntule mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi maka nrụnye ndị pere mpe&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Couto|first=Thiago BA|date=2018|title=Global proliferation of small hydropower plants – science and policy|url=https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/fee.1746|journal=Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment|language=en|volume=16|issue=2|pages=91–100|doi=10.1002/fee.1746|issn=1540-9309}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nkọwa ==
Ojiji nke okwu ahụ bụ &quot;small hydro&quot; dịgasị iche iche gburugburu ụwa. N'India, a na-ahazi ọrụ mmiri mmiri nwere ikike ruru 25MW dị ka ọrụ Small Hydro Power (SHP). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2018-02-20|title=Small Hydro {{!}} Ministry of New &amp; Renewable Energy {{!}} Government of India|url=http://mnre.gov.in/small-hydro|accessdate=2025-03-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180220053206/http://mnre.gov.in/small-hydro|archivedate=20 February 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na [[California]], ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri na-emepụta ọkụ eletrik nwere ikike kacha nke na-erughị 30MW bụ nkewa dị ka obere ma tozuo maka isonye na ọkọlọtọ Pọtụfoliyo ọhụrụ nke steeti. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Commission|first=California Energy|date=|title=Hydroelectric Power|url=https://www.energy.ca.gov/data-reports/california-power-generation-and-power-sources/hydroelectric-power|accessdate=2025-03-20|work=www.energy.ca.gov|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250311204835/https://www.energy.ca.gov/data-reports/california-power-generation-and-power-sources/hydroelectric-power|archive-date=2025-03-11|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Oke kachasị na-abụkarị ebe n'etiti 10 na 30MW ma gbatịa ruo 50MW na Canada, China, Pakistan na United States.
[[Faịlụ:Former_Site_of_Iron_Gate_Dam.jpg|thumb|E wuchapụrụ ebe nchekwa nke Iron Gate Dam, ebe ọrụ nwere ike ibu 18.0 MW n'afọ 2024.]]
Enwere ike itinye ọtụtụ atụmatụ ọrụ maka ọrụ mmiri nwere ike iyi otu. Ụfọdụ ọrụ SHP na-eji sistemụ mmiri na-agba ọsọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Paish|first=Oliver|date=2002-12-01|title=Small hydro power: technology and current status|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1364032102000060|journal=Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews|volume=6|issue=6|pages=537–556|doi=10.1016/S1364-0321(02)00006-0|issn=1364-0321}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ndị ọzọ, dịka Iron Gate Dam, na-eji usoro njide ihe nke na-enwe ọghọm ndị metụtara ebe nchekwa mmiri. Maka ndị na-etinye ego, ndị na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi, na ndị na-eme iwu, a na-ewere obere ọrụ mmiri dị ka ihe kacha baa uru mgbe enweghị mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi na uru a tụrụ anya ya mgbe arụchara ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Urošević|first=Branka Gvozdenac|date=2021-07-01|title=Ranking construction of small hydro power plants using multi-criteria decision analysis|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960148121004717|journal=Renewable Energy|volume=172|pages=1174–1183|doi=10.1016/j.renene.2021.03.115|issn=0960-1481}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Uru na ọghọm ya ===
Uru ndị bụ isi nke obere mmepe mmiri mmiri gụnyere ọnụ ala dị ala iji wuo yana ikike ịnọpụ na grids ọkụ etiti. Isi ihe dị n'ime n'ime obere mmepe ike mmiri gụnyere okwu gbasara ikpe ziri ezi gburugburu ebe obibi, nlekọta nchịkwa, na mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi.

N'ọtụtụ obodo ndị na-enweghị ike ịnweta ọkụ eletrik dị mkpa, obere mmiri na-enye ebe a pụrụ ịdabere na ya nke ọkụ eletrik na-agbasaghị ekewa. Ọrụ obere mmiri anaghị achọ enyemaka gọọmentị mgbe niile, oghere dị na ọchịchị na-enyekwa ohere ka e wuo ha ngwa ngwa. Ebe ọ bụ na e nwere oghere ndị a gbasara amụma, obere ike mmiri dị ka ihe a ga-emegharị emegharị, atụmatụ igbochi ihu igwe nwekwara ike imetụta ndụ obodo n'ụzọ na-adịghị mma ma ọ bụrụ na enweghị amụma obodo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Kelly-Richards|first=Sarah|date=2017-02-01|title=Governing the transition to renewable energy: A review of impacts and policy issues in the small hydropower boom|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0301421516306401|journal=Energy Policy|volume=101|pages=251–264|doi=10.1016/j.enpol.2016.11.035|issn=0301-4215}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A kabeghị amụ banyere mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi nke obere ọrụ ike mmiri. N'ime ọrụ nhazi mmiri na-agba ọsọ, ihe kacha njọ na sistemụ mmiri bụ mgbanwe usoro mmiri, mfu nke njikọta osimiri na njikọ, na mmebi ebe obibi na-emetụta azụ na macroinvertebrates.&lt;ref name=&quot;:42&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Kuriqi|first=Alban|date=2021-05-01|title=Ecological impacts of run-of-river hydropower plants—Current status and future prospects on the brink of energy transition|journal=Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews|volume=142|doi=10.1016/j.rser.2021.110833|issn=1364-0321}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Faịlụ:Small_hydro_power_plant_&quot;Sveta_Petka&quot;.IMG_0013.jpg|thumb|Ihe atụ nke obere ụlọ ọrụ mmiri, Sveta Petka.]]

== Uto ==
N'agbata afọ 2005 na 2010, China mere atụmatụ ịgbanye obodo 10,000 ọzọ n'okpuru Mmemme Electrification China Village, gụnyere itinyekwu ego na obere mmiri na photovoltaics. Site n'afọ 2010, China nwere obere nrụnye mmiri 45,000, ọkachasị n'ime ime obodo, na-emepụta Twh 160 kwa afọ. Ahụrụ ihe karịrị 50% nke obere ike mmiri dị n'ụwa n'Eshia; Otú ọ dị, otu akụkọ kwuru na &quot;Ọ ga-ekwe omume n'ọdịnihu na enwere ike ịmatakwu ikike ike mmiri na mpaghara Afrịka na America&quot;.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=World Small Hydro Power Development Report 2016|url=http://www.inshp.org/article.asp?id=471|accessdate=29 April 2015|publisher=ICSHP}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=UNIDO, ICSHP Launch Small Hydropower Knowledge Sharing Portal|url=http://energy-l.iisd.org/news/unido-icshp-launch-small-hydropower-knowledge-sharing-portal|accessdate=29 April 2015|publisher=Sustainable Energy Policy and Practice|archivedate=6 March 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306021502/http://energy-l.iisd.org/news/unido-icshp-launch-small-hydropower-knowledge-sharing-portal}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Small Hydropower, a promising technology for rural electrification|date=14 May 2013|url=http://www.energias-renovables.com/articulo/small-hydropower-a-promising-technology-for-rural-20130514|accessdate=29 April 2015|publisher=www.energias-renovables.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ime ugwu na oke ohia nke British Columbia, Canada enwere otutu saịtị dabara adaba maka mmepe mmiri. Agbanyeghị nchegbu gbasara gburugburu ebe obibi maka nnukwu mmiri mmiri mgbe 1980s kwụsịrị ịrụ ụlọ mgbochi ọhụrụ. Ihe ngwọta maka ịnagide ihe ndị na-achọsi ike bụ inye ndị na-emepụta ọkụ eletrik nọọrọ onwe ha nkwekọrịta, bụ ndị rụworo ọrụ 100 nke osimiri n'okpuru 50MW. Nrụpụta ike na-enweghị ọdọ mmiri na-adịgasị iche n'ụzọ dị egwu, mana mmiri mgbochi ochie na-ejigide ma ọ bụ hapụ mmiri ka ọ pụta ìhè n'agbanyeghị afọ. Na 2014 ndị a na-emepụta onwe ha nwetara 18,000 GWh site na 4,500 MW nke ikike.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bchydro.com/energy-in-bc/acquiring_power/meeting_energy_needs/how_power_is_acquired.html|title=About Independent Power Projects|accessdate=9 March 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160206095445/https://www.bchydro.com/energy-in-bc/acquiring_power/meeting_energy_needs/how_power_is_acquired.html|archivedate=6 February 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dị ka nke 2022, ike zuru ụwa ọnụ (maka oru ≤10 MW) bụ ihe dị ka 79.0 GW, na China na-ejide ihe karịrị 53% nke ụwa SHP arụnyere ike. N'okpuru nkọwa a (≤10 MW), ikike SHP arụnyere na-abawanye site na 11% na America site na 2019 ruo 2022. N'ihi ọdịiche mpaghara na nkọwa SHP, ọ ga-abụ na ike arụnyere SHP n'ofe ụwa dị elu karịa mkpokọta ndị a. Mba ndị dị ka China, India na Brazil, na-agbasawanye obere ikike mmiri ha na narị afọ nke 21st.&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Paish|first=Oliver|date=2002-12-01|title=Small hydro power: technology and current status|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032102000060|journal=Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews|volume=6|issue=6|pages=537–556|doi=10.1016/S1364-0321(02)00006-0|issn=1364-0321}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kọntinent ndị dị n'Eshia, Africa na Amerịka nwere ike kachasị maka obere uto mmiri.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=UNIDO|date=2022|title=World Small Hydropower Development Report 2022 :: global overview /: United Nations Industrial Development Organization|url=https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/4025088?v=pdf|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Faịlụ:AmesHydro,CO.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Ụlọ ọrụ ọkụ eletrik nke e wuru n'afọ 1895 dị nso na Telluride, Colorado .]]
Enwere ike ịtụle wiil mmiri osisi n'akụkụ osimiri dị ka ihe atụ mbụ nke &quot;obere hydro.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Jahren|first=Per|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7teSDQAAQBAJ&amp;dq=water+wheel+china+history&amp;pg=PA139|title=How Water Influences Our Lives|date=2016-11-22|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-981-10-1938-8|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ruo na narị afọ nke 17 arụmọrụ nke wiil mmiri ruru 70%. Agbanyeghị, ka mkpa maka imepụta ọkụ na-abawanye obere ọrụ ike mmiri, ewepụrụ maka nnukwu mmiri mmiri ndị ahụ site na iji turbines emebere ọhụrụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot;/&gt;

Ozizi gburugburu ebe obibi nke narị afọ nke 20 na-apụ site na nnukwu nrụpụta ike mmiri n'ihi ụbara mmata nke nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi jikọtara na mgbochi mmiri. Ọmụmaatụ nke ọrụ nbibi mmiri mmiri gara aga gụnyere mweghachi nke osimiri Elwha na Un-Dam na ngagharị osimiri Klamath na United States. Ọrụ abụọ a rụrụ arụrụ mmiri mmiri nwere ike ọgbọ na-erughị 30 MW.

== Ọgbọ ==
[[Faịlụ:HKO_Transmission_02.JPG|thumb|Akụkọ ihe mere eme Ottenbach Small Hydro nwere akụrụngwa izizi nke 1920 na Ottenbach, Switzerland, ka na-agba ọsọ maka nleta ntuziaka. ]]
[[Faịlụ:Hongping-Power-Station-5425.jpg|thumb|Ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Hongping, dị na Hongping Town, Shennongjia, nwere ihe eji arụ ọrụ maka obere ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri dị n'akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ nke Mpaghara Hubei China. Mmiri na-esi n'ugwu dị n'azụ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri, site na ọkpọkọ ojii a hụrụ na foto a ]]
Ike Hydroelectric bụ ike eletrik sitere na mmegharị mmiri. Ụlọ ọrụ hydroelectric chọrọ mmiri na-adabere na ya na ịdị elu dị elu maka mmiri ahụ ka ọ daa, nke a na-akpọ isi. Na nrụnye a na-ahụkarị, a na-enye mmiri site na mmiri mmiri site na ọkpọkọ banye na turbine. Mmiri na-asọba na turbine na-eme ka onye na-emepụta ọkụ eletrik na-atụgharị, na-eme ka mmegharị ahụ ghọọ ike eletrik.

Enwere ike ịmepụta obere ọrụ mmiri mmiri site na mmepe nke mmiri mmiri ndị dị ugbu a bụ isi ebumnuche ha bụ njikwa ide mmiri ma ọ bụ ịgba mmiri. Enwere ike ijikwa ikike mmiri wuliteghachi saịtị mmiri ochie, na-echekwa nnukwu ego na teknụzụ nwụnye dị ka penstock pipe na turbines.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Beles Hydroelectric Power Plant: Background and Construction {{!}} PDF {{!}} Hydroelectricity {{!}} Power (Physics)|url=https://www.scribd.com/document/515915310/Beles-Hydroelec|accessdate=2025-03-20|work=Scribd|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nke ọ bụla n'ime uru nchekwa ego ndị a nwere ike ime ka nlọghachi na ntinye ego maka obere saịtị mmiri dị mma iji saịtị ndị dị adị.

[[Brazil]] bụ obodo ọzọ na-etinye nnukwu ego na obere mmiri mmiri. Brazil n'onwe ya bụ onye ndu na ọgbọ hydroelectric, mba nke atọ kachasị ike mmiri n'ụwa arụnyere ikike na 79 GW, n'azụ United States na 100 GW, na China nọ n'ọnọdụ mbụ nwere 171 GW.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Martins|first=Douglas Eduardo Costa|date=2013-12-01|title=The importance of clean development mechanism for small hydro power plants|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960148113003145|journal=Renewable Energy|volume=60|pages=643–647|doi=10.1016/j.renene.2013.06.021|issn=0960-1481}}&lt;/ref&gt; A na-ewu obere ọrụ mmiri ọhụrụ iri ise na otu, ka ọ na-erule afọ 2024, na Brazil.

== Nhazi ọrụ ==
Ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ na-enye ngwungwu igwe na-emepụta turbine ahaziri ahazi na nha nha nha nke 200 kW ruo 10MW. Ihe ngwugwu &quot;mmiri ruo waya&quot; ndị a na-eme ka atụmatụ na mmepe nke saịtị dị mfe ebe ọ bụ na otu onye na-ere ahịa na-elekọta ọtụtụ akụrụngwa. N'ihi na a na-ebelata ụgwọ ọrụ injinia na-adịghị emegharị ugboro ugboro na ego mmepe na-agbasa n'ọtụtụ nkeji, ọnụahịa nke usoro ngwugwu dị otú ahụ na-ebelata. Ọ bụ ezie na a na-ejikarị ndị na-emepụta ihe na-emekọrịta ihe nke nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ ihe ọkụkụ dịpụrụ adịpụ, obere ụlọ ọrụ mmiri na-ejikọta na usoro ntanetị eletrik nwere ike iji ndị na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta akụ na ụba iji belata ọnụ ahịa ntinye ma mee ka njikwa na ọrụ dị mfe.&amp;nbsp;

Obere ọrụ &quot;agba ọsọ nke osimiri&quot; enweghị ebe a na-eme mmiri na mmiri mmiri, ọ bụ naanị ebe a na-adọba ụgbọala iji mepụta isi mmiri maka ntụgharị nke mmiri ntinye na turbine. Mmiri a na-ejighị n'aka na-asọfe n'elu weir na isi oche nwere ike ịnwe naanị nchekwa otu ụbọchị, ọ gaghị ezuru maka oge ọkọchị ma ọ bụ oyi oyi kpọnwụrụ akpọnwụ mgbe ọgbọ nwere ike ịkwụsị. Ihe kacha amasị gị bụ ịnweta ntinye n'ime ọdọ mmiri dị.

E mepụtara usoro modular &quot;micro hydrokinetic&quot; maka Ọwa mmiri.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.ge.com/reports/canal-plus-these-tiny-turbines-can-turn-man-made-waterways-into-miniature-power-plants/|title=Canal Plus: These Tiny Turbines Can Turn Man-Made Waterways Into Power Plants|author=Noon|first=Chris|date=2019-09-05|work=GE Reports|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-09-28|archivedate=2019-09-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190928031702/https://www.ge.com/reports/canal-plus-these-tiny-turbines-can-turn-man-made-waterways-into-miniature-power-plants/}}&lt;/ref&gt; &quot;Mpaghara ogbugba mmiri n'ofe U.S. etinyela ụlọ ọrụ ike n'ebe ntụgharị na mmiri dị n'ime ọwa mmiri, bụ nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe maka nha nha, iji mee ka ndị isi dị elu na ịgbasa ume ebe enwere mgbanwe dị elu n'oge usoro ọwa mmiri. &quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.hydroreview.com/2017/10/01/capturing-untapped-potential-small-hydro-in-irrigation-canals/|title=Capturing Untapped Potential: Small Hydro in Irrigation Canals|date=2017-10-01|work=Hydro Review|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-09-28|archivedate=2019-09-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190928033543/https://www.hydroreview.com/2017/10/01/capturing-untapped-potential-small-hydro-in-irrigation-canals/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mba ndị dị ka India na China nwere atumatu na-akwado obere mmiri mmiri, na usoro nhazi na-enye ohere maka iwu mmiri mmiri na mmiri mmiri. Na North America na Europe usoro nhazi usoro dị ogologo ma dị oke ọnụ iji tụlee inwe mmiri mmiri na ọdọ mmiri maka obere ọrụ.

Obere ọrụ mmiri na-enwekarị usoro gburugburu ebe obibi na ikikere ngwa ngwa, ebe ọ bụ na ngwá ọrụ na-adịkarị na mmepụta usoro, a na-eme ka ọ dị mfe ma na-emeziwanye, a na'ebelata ọrụ obodo, enwere ike ịmepụta ọrụ ndị ahụ ngwa ngwa. Obere akụkụ nke ngwá ọrụ na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo mfe ibuga n'ebe ndị dịpụrụ adịpụ na-enweghị ụzọ dị mma ma ọ bụ ụzọ ụgbọ okporo ígwè.

Otu ihe atụ nke mbelata mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi na ọdọ mmiri na ebe nchekwa mmiri dabere na nguzozi dị n'etiti mmiri iyi na mmepụta ike. Ibelata ntụgharị mmiri na-enyere gburugburu ebe obibi nke osimiri aka, mana ọ na-ebelata uru nke usoro mmiri na itinye ego (ROI). Nhazi sistemụ mmiri ga-enwerịrị nguzozi iji nọgide na-enwe ahụike nke iyi ahụ na akụnụba.

Akụkụ nke nguzozi dị n'etiti uru nke obere ọrụ mmiri na-enweta na itinye ego na nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi bụ ịdị nso nke ọrụ ahụ na grid ọkụ eletrik mba. Ka obere ọrụ mmiri na-anọpụ iche karị, otú ahụ ka owuwu ya ga-adị ọnụ ala karịa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Kuriqi|first=Alban|date=2021-05-01|title=Ecological impacts of run-of-river hydropower plants—Current status and future prospects on the brink of energy transition|journal=Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews|volume=142|doi=10.1016/j.rser.2021.110833|issn=1364-0321}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Iwu nduzi na Iwu nchịkwa ==
Nkwado gọọmentị maka obere mmiri dị iche iche site na mba. Iji kwado amụma ike mmeghari ohuru na Japan, gọọmentị na-akwalite mmepe nke ọrụ SHP dabere na obodo yana ọnụego nri dị elu na obere ọmụrụ nwa maka mbinye ego.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Alam|first=Zafar|date=2021-06-07|title=Community-Based Business on Small Hydropower (SHP) in Rural Japan: A Case Study on a Community Owned SHP Model of Ohito Agricultural Cooperative|journal=Energies|language=en|volume=14|issue=11|doi=10.3390/en14113349|issn=1996-1073}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2022, ndị omeiwu nke Bosnia na Herzegovina machibidoro obere ọrụ mmiri ruo 10 MWh na ikike mmepụta ike, na-ekwu maka mmerụ ahụ gburugburu ebe obibi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Kurtic|first=Azem|date=2022-06-07|title=Bosnia's Federation to Ban Small Hydropower Plants|url=https://balkaninsight.com/2022/06/07/bosnias-federation-to-ban-small-hydropower-plants/#:~:text=Activists%20argue%20that%20the%20construction%20of%20small,biodiversity%20and%20causes%20problems%20for%20local%20residents.&amp;text=In%202021,%20the%20119%20small%20hydropower%20plants,or%20two%20people%20each%20because%20of%20automation.|accessdate=2025-03-20|work=Balkan Insight|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Enweghị nkwekọrịta na obere nkọwa hydropower na enweghị nyocha nke mmetụta mmekọrịta na gburugburu ebe obibi emeela ka ọdịiche dị gburugburu ime iwu na mkpebi ikikere. Ihe dị ka ụzọ abụọ n'ụzọ atọ nke mba anaghị achọ usoro ikikere gburugburu ebe obibi iji wuo ma rụọ ọrụ obere ọrụ mmiri.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Couto|first=Thiago BA|date=2018|title=Global proliferation of small hydropower plants – science and policy|url=https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/fee.1746|journal=Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment|language=en|volume=16|issue=2|pages=91–100|doi=10.1002/fee.1746|issn=1540-9309}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na India, SHP ndị na-erughị 25 MW anaghị achọ Nnyocha Mmetụta Gburugburu Ebe Obibi kama ha nwere Akụkọ Ọrụ Zuru Ezu (DPR). Akụkọ ndị a na-enye ndị amụma na ndị na-eme mkpebi ozi bụ isi, na-eme ka oge maka obere mmepe mmiri dị ngwa. Usoro nhazi na nkwenye n'okpuru DPR nke India achọghị njikọ aka obodo ma ọ bụ ndụmọdụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Jumani|first=Suman|date=2017-05-01|title=Big concerns with small projects: Evaluating the socio-ecological impacts of small hydropower projects in India|journal=Ambio|language=en|volume=46|issue=4|pages=500–511|doi=10.1007/s13280-016-0855-9|issn=1654-7209|pmid=28074405}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ikpe ziri ezi nke ike ==
A na-eme ọtụtụ obere mmepe mmiri n'ime ime obodo ma ọ bụ n'ebe dịpụrụ adịpụ ebe ọ na-efu oke ego ijikọ na grid ike mba. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, mpaghara ime obodo na India ma ọ bụ mba ndị ọzọ nwere usoro mmiri na-asọ asọ na-eji obere hydro iji nye isi iyi ike mmeghari ohuru na-enweghị njikọ na grid mba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Mishra|first=Mukesh Kumar|date=2015-11-01|title=Small hydro power in India: Current status and future perspectives|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032115005572|journal=Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews|volume=51|pages=101–115|doi=10.1016/j.rser.2015.05.075|issn=1364-0321}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ikpe ziri ezi nke gburugburu ebe obibi nke obere mmepe mmiri ka a tụlere na Eshia na Amerịka. 

=== Eshia ===
N'ógbè ugwu, dịka na steeti Himachal Pradesh nke India, obere mmiri na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa n'inye obodo nta mmiri, ịgbara mmiri n'ọrụ ugbo na inye ezinụlọ mmiri. Mgbanwe nke iyi ndị a maka obere ike mmiri na-eyi egwu maka ịdị mma mmiri, inye mmiri mmiri, na ibi ndụ obodo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Erlewein|first=Alexander|date=2013-11-01|title=Disappearing rivers — The limits of environmental assessment for hydropower in India|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0195925513000760|journal=Environmental Impact Assessment Review|volume=43|pages=135–143|doi=10.1016/j.eiar.2013.07.002|issn=0195-9255}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ndị bi na Himachal Pradesh na-ekwu na uru nke ọrụ SHP mpaghara ejirila mee ihe gabiga ókè ma na-akwalite mmegide iwu megide mmepe ha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Diduck|first=Alan P.|url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781003141228|title=Advancing Environmental Justice for Marginalized Communities in India: Progress, Challenges and Opportunities|date=2021-07-21|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-003-14122-8|edition=1|location=London|language=en|doi=10.4324/9781003141228}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ime obodo Matsuguma, Japan, a rụchara obere ụlọ ọrụ mmiri 30 kW na 2020 n'okpuru mmekọrịta onwe onye na ọha. Gọọmentị ime obodo gakwuuru obodo ahụ na-akọwa ebumnuche ha inye ọkụ eletrik na mpaghara. Ndị otu obodo jikọtara aka na ụdị azụmaahịa dabere na &quot;site na obodo na maka obodo mpaghara&quot;. Site na ire ọkụ eletrik emepụtara, ndị otu obodo nwetara Ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya,  melite akụrụngwa nke obodo ahụ ma melite ọdịmma na ogo ndụ ha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=World Small Hydropower Development Report 2022|url=https://www.unido.org/WSHPDR2022|accessdate=2025-03-20|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&amp;nbsp;

=== South America ===
N'ihi na a na-ewere ọrụ SHP n'okpuru 20 MW dị ka ndị a na-agbanwe agbanwe na Chile, a na-enyekarị ha nkwado na-enweghị ndụmọdụ ụmụ amaala, na-eleghara ihe obodo chọrọ maka nnwere onwe na mkpebi onwe. Arụmụka Ralco Dam na Chile nyere ụmụ amaala Chile nkwa gọọmentị na ọ gaghịzi arụ ọrụ na elu osimiri BioBío, osimiri nke abụọ kachasị na Chile. Enweghị nlekọta ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na gburugburu ebe obibi emeela ka e mepụta ọtụtụ obere ntinye mmiri na mpaghara a, na-enye aka na esemokwu ndị ọzọ na esemokwu Mapuche.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Radwin|first=Maxwell|date=2022-11-16|title=Dam construction ignites Indigenous youth movement in southern Chile|url=https://news.mongabay.com/2022/11/dam-construction-ignites-indigenous-youth-movement-in-southern-chile/|accessdate=2025-03-20|work=Mongabay Environmental News|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Hernando-Arrese|first=Maite|date=2022-01-01|title=The micropolitical life of energy projects: A collaborative exploration of injustice and resistance to small hydropower projects in the Wallmapu, Southern Chile|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2214629621004242|journal=Energy Research &amp; Social Science|volume=83|doi=10.1016/j.erss.2021.102332|issn=2214-6296}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi ==
A naghị amụcha mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi nke obere ọrụ mmiri; mmetụta ya dabere na nhazi ọrụ nke ọ bụla. Mgbanwe na usoro mmiri nke mpaghara nwere ike ibute mfu nke njikọ osimiri na njikọta, na-eme ka ebe obibi dị njọ ma na-efunahụ ụdị dị iche iche nke azụ na macroinvertebrates.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Feio|first=Maria João|date=2023|title=Fish and macroinvertebrate assemblages reveal extensive degradation of the world's rivers|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/gcb.16439|journal=Global Change Biology|language=en|volume=29|issue=2|pages=355–374|doi=10.1111/gcb.16439|issn=1365-2486|pmid=36131677}}&lt;/ref&gt; Obere ihe mgbochi mmiri na ntụgharị mmiri na-esote nwere ike igbochi mmegharị nke azụ ma nye aka na ikuku methane sitere na biomass rere ure.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Anderson|first=Elizabeth P.|date=2006|title=Ecological consequences of hydropower development in Central America: impacts of small dams and water diversion on neotropical stream fish assemblages|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/rra.899|journal=River Research and Applications|language=en|volume=22|issue=4|pages=397–411|doi=10.1002/rra.899|issn=1535-1467}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Nautiyal&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Nautiyal|first=Himanshu|date=2020-08-20|title=Sustainability assessment of hydropower projects|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S095965262031708X|journal=Journal of Cleaner Production|volume=265|doi=10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121661|issn=0959-6526}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A na-etinye ọtụtụ obere ọrụ ike mmiri n'akụkụ osimiri mgbe ụfọdụ, mana e mebeghị nnyocha dị ukwuu gbasara mmetụta nke ọtụtụ nrụnye n'otu mpaghara. Na India, a naghị atụle mmetụta mkpokọta nke ọtụtụ ọrụ SHP tupu enye mmepe ike mmiri.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Erlewein|first=Alexander|date=2013-11-01|title=Disappearing rivers — The limits of environmental assessment for hydropower in India|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0195925513000760|journal=Environmental Impact Assessment Review|volume=43|pages=135–143|doi=10.1016/j.eiar.2013.07.002|issn=0195-9255}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na Chaịna, ndị nchọpụta chọpụtara na mmetụta nke njikọ osimiri na osimiri nwere obere ọrụ mmiri 31 karịrị mmetụta nke osimiri nwere nnukwu ọrụ anọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Kibler|first=Kelly M.|date=2013|title=Cumulative biophysical impact of small and large hydropower development in Nu River, China|url=https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/wrcr.20243|journal=Water Resources Research|language=en|volume=49|issue=6|pages=3104–3118|doi=10.1002/wrcr.20243|issn=1944-7973}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọmụmụ ihe ndị gara aga gbasara ịdịgide nke ike mmiri na-elekwasị anya na atụmatụ mwepụ gas na-ekpo ọkụ, nke na-adịkarị obere karịa sistemụ ike nkịtị ma ọ bụ nke mmeghari ohuru ndị ọzọ. Nyocha nke ịdịgide anaghị atụlekarị paramita ndị ọzọ, dị ka mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi, ojiji ala, ọnụ ahịa mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na mmetụta omenala. &lt;ref name=&quot;Nautiyal&quot; /&gt; Site na mgbanwe ihu igwe na-eyi egwu ntụkwasị obi nke osimiri na-asọ n'oge, a maghị arụmọrụ na nkwado nke obere mmiri maka mmepụta ike.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=UNIDO|date=2022|title=World Small Hydropower Development Report 2022|url=https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/4025088?v=pdf|journal=Global overview / United Nations Industrial Development Organization|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndepụta ihe nlele nke obere nrụnye gburugburu ụwa ==
'''Afrịka'''

* Zengamina, ụlọ ọrụ 700 kW na Kalene Hill, Mwinilunga District na ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ [[Zambia]]. 2008&amp;nbsp;

'''Eshia'''

* Meenvallam Small Hydroelectric Project, &lt;sup class=&quot;mw-ref reference&quot; cx-link=&quot;&quot; data-linkid=&quot;182&quot; href=&quot;./Kerala&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Kerala&quot;&gt;Kerala/2015/sep/01/meenvallam-power-projects-revenue-touches-rs-3.24-cr-807805.html&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;},&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;author&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:{&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;wt&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;A Satish&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;},&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;title&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:{&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;wt&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;Meenvallam Power Project's Revenue Touches Rs 3.24-cr&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;},&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;work&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:{&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;wt&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[The New Indian Express]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;},&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;date&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:{&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;wt&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;1 September 2015&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;},&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;access-date&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:{&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;wt&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;25 August 2021&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;}},&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;i&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:0}}]}\&quot; data-ve-no-generated-contents=\&quot;true\&quot; id=\&quot;mwA94\&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;nbsp;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;cite about=\&quot;#mwt125\&quot; class=\&quot;citation news cs1\&quot; id=\&quot;CITEREFA_Satish2015\&quot; data-ve-ignore=\&quot;\&quot;&gt;A Satish (1 September 2015). &lt;a class=\&quot;external text\&quot; href=\&quot;https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2015/sep/01/meenvallam-power-projects-revenue-touches-rs-3.24-cr-807805.html\&quot; id=\&quot;mwA98\&quot; rel=\&quot;mw:ExtLink nofollow\&quot;&gt;\&quot;Meenvallam Power Project's Revenue Touches Rs 3.24-cr\&quot;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;. &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=\&quot;mwA-A\&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=\&quot;cx-link\&quot; data-linkid=\&quot;340\&quot; href=\&quot;./The_New_Indian_Express\&quot; id=\&quot;mwA-E\&quot; rel=\&quot;mw:WikiLink\&quot; title=\&quot;The New Indian Express\&quot;&gt;The New Indian Express&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span class=\&quot;reference-accessdate\&quot; id=\&quot;mwA-I\&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=\&quot;nowrap\&quot; id=\&quot;mwA-M\&quot;&gt;25 August&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; 2021&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;.&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&quot;}}&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-41&quot; rel=&quot;dc:references&quot; typeof=&quot;mw:Extension/ref&quot;&gt;[./Small_hydro#cite_note-41 &lt;span class=&quot;mw-reflink-text&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cite-bracket&quot;&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;1&lt;span class=&quot;cite-bracket&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]&lt;/sup&gt; Palakkad district, Kerala, India. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.irtc.org.in/index.php/component/k2/item/4-meenvallom-small-hydro-project|title=IRTC - Meenvallom Small Hydro Project|accessdate=9 March 2017|archivedate=2 July 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150702160812/http://www.irtc.org.in/index.php/component/k2/item/4-meenvallom-small-hydro-project}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Bario Asal &amp; Arur Layun Micro-Hydro Community Project,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://rural-energy-borneo.blogspot.ca/2012/10/bario-asal-micro-hydro-4-years-on-and.html|title=Bario Asal Micro Hydro.. 4 years on and still going strong|date=15 October 2012|accessdate=9 March 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kelabit Highlands, Sarawak, [[Malaysia]]. 2009
* Ambangal Mini Hydro Electric Power Plant, [[Ifugao]]&quot; id=&quot;mwAUE&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Kiangan, Ifugao&quot;&gt;Kiangan, Ifugao, Philippines (2010) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.globalelectricity.org/projects/minihydro-ifugao/|title=Ifugao Ambangal Minihydro Power Plant|work=What We Do|publisher=Global Sustainable Electricity Partnership|accessdate=July 22, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Asiga River Obere Hydro Electric Power Plant, Santiago, Agusan del Norte, Philippines (2019) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.mindanews.com/business/2019/10/japanese-firm-to-build-biomass-power-project-in-butuan/|title=Japanese firm to build biomass power project in Butuan|first=Antonio|author=Colina|date=October 6, 2019|publisher=[[MindaNews]]|accessdate=July 22, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Balongbong Obere Ụlọ Ọrụ Eletrik Hydro, [[Catanduanes]]&quot; id=&quot;mwAVA&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Bato, Catanduanes&quot;&gt;Bato, Catanduanes, Philippines (1983) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.napocor.gov.ph/index.php/services/missionary-electrification/spug-plants/49-missionary-electrification/luzon/bod/386-balongbong-mini-hydro-power-plant|title=Balongbong Mini Hydro Power Plant|publisher=Small Power Utilities Group, [[National Power Corporation]]|date=August 7, 2018|accessdate=July 22, 2020|archivedate=July 22, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722134408/https://www.napocor.gov.ph/index.php/services/missionary-electrification/spug-plants/49-missionary-electrification/luzon/bod/386-balongbong-mini-hydro-power-plant}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Cantingas Obere Ụlọ Ọrụ Eletrik Hydro, [[Romblon]]&quot; id=&quot;mwAVc&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;San Fernando, Romblon&quot;&gt;San Fernando, Romblon, Philippines (2009) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.napocor.gov.ph/website_contents/2013_major_programs/2013_accomplishments.pdf|title=2013 Accomplishment Report|publisher=Small Power Utilities Group, National Power Corporation|accessdate=15 September 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304105353/http://www.napocor.gov.ph/website_contents/2013_major_programs/2013_accomplishments.pdf|archivedate=4 March 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Likud Mini Hydro Electric Power Plant, Asipulo na Kiangan, Ifugao, Philippines (2015) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.jica.go.jp/philippine/english/office/topics/news/150714.html|title=JICA, DOE inaugurate mini hydropower plant to support electricity in Ifugao, rice terraces conservation efforts|date=July 14, 2015|publisher=[[Japan International Cooperation Agency]]|accessdate=July 22, 2020|archivedate=July 22, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722155438/https://www.jica.go.jp/philippine/english/office/topics/news/150714.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* New Bataan Hydro Electric Power Plant, New Bataan, Davao de Oro, Philippines (2018) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://eurohydropower.com/the-inaugural-commissioning-of-the-euro-hydro-power-plant/|title=The Inaugural Commission of the 2.4 MW Euro Hydro Power Plant|date=17 July 2018|publisher=Euro Hydro Power (Asia) Holdings, Inc.|accessdate=July 22, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Aurora (province)|Aurora]]&quot; id=&quot;mwAWs&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;San Luis, Aurora&quot;&gt;San Luis Obere Ụlọ Ọrụ Eletrik Hydro, San Luis, Aurora, Philippines (2011) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://businessmirror.com.ph/2016/02/03/epower-to-rehab-mini-hydro-plant-in-aurora/|title=Epower to rehab mini hydro plant in Aurora|first=Lenie|author=Lectura|date=February 3, 2016|publisher=[[BusinessMirror]]|accessdate=July 22, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Villasiga Obere Ụlọ Ọrụ Eletrik Hydro, Bugasong, Antique, Philippines (2016) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.doe.gov.ph/sites/default/files/pdf/announcements/iloilo-a-bs3-04-hydo-roadmap.pdf|title=Hydropower Roadmap|first=Andresito|author=Ulgado|publisher=Renewable Energy Management Bureau, [[Department of Energy (Philippines)|Department of Energy]]|accessdate=July 22, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Pakpattan Hydro Power Project, ụlọ ọrụ 2.82 MW na Pakpattan Canal na Pakpatatan District, Pakistan 2015

'''Europe'''

* Green Valleys Project, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.thegreenvalleys.org/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=57:hydroelectric&amp;catid=37:hydro-and-bio-gas&amp;Itemid=54|title=The Green Valleys|publisher=Thegreenvalleys.org|date=2013-04-07|accessdate=2013-10-16}}&lt;/ref&gt; Brecon Beacons National Park, Wales. Onye mmeri nke £ 300K  na Big Green Challenge 2009. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/wales/mid_/7675549.stm|title=UK &amp;#124; Wales &amp;#124; Mid Wales &amp;#124; Beacons green project scoops £20k|publisher=BBC News|date=2008-10-17|accessdate=2013-10-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.biggreenchallenge.org.uk/|title=biggreenchallenge.org.uk|publisher=biggreenchallenge.org.uk|accessdate=2013-10-16|archiveurl=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20131003141523/http%3A//www.nesta.org.uk/areas_of_work/public_services_lab/environment/big_green_challenge|archivedate=2013-10-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* St Catherine, ebe National Trust dị nso na Windermere, Westmorland, United Kingdom.

'''Ebe Ugwu America'''

* Ames Hydroelectric Generating Plant, [[Colorado]], United States. Na Ndepụta nke IEEE Milestones
* Childs-Irving Hydroelectric Facilities, [[Arizona]], United States. 1916 A kwụsịrị ya ugbu a
* Snoqualmie Falls, [[Washington (nkeji obodo)|Washington]], United States. 1957
* Malibu Hydro, British Columbia, Canada. 2005
* Menihek Hydroelectric Generating Station, Newfoundland na Labrador, Canada. 1954
* Cloudworks Energy bụ otu n'ime ọtụtụ Ndị na-emepụta ike n'onwe ha nke wuru ọrụ na British Columbia, Canada

== Hụkwa ==

* Mmepụta ọkụ eletrik
* Ike mmiri
* Ike mmiri dị ala
* Micro hydro ruo 100 kW&amp;nbsp;
* Pico hydro ruo 5 kW&amp;nbsp;
* Mmiri na-eduzi ọkụ eletrik
* [[Ụlọ Ọrụ Mba Nile Na-ahụ Maka Ike Mmiri Mmiri]]

== Edensibịa ==

[[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Habibitch</title>
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        <username>Totom</username>
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      <comment>Ọ dịghị mkpa ịkpọ aha iwu nke onye a na mmalite nke isiokwu ahụ.</comment>
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[[Faịlụ:Ariadeb.jpg|thumb| Habibitch]]
'''Habibitch''', nke a maara na mbụ dị ka '''Ari de B''', bụ onye na-ese ihe na-abụghị nke dabara n'udi okike chi abụọ, onye na-agba egwu na-ewu ewu na nke iji aka agba egwu site na mmalite Franco-Algeria. Dịka onye na-akwado ọchịchị nwanyị nkwuchite ọnụ metutara ndị ghọrọ nwanyị agbanyeghi okike, ha na-agbanwe ebe ịgba egwu ka ọ bụrụ ebe ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Actualité Culture: Musique, Cinéma, Séries – Les Inrockuptibles|url=https://www.lesinrocks.com/|accessdate=2022-07-08|work=Les Inrocks|language=fr-FR}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akụkọ Ndụ ==

=== Mmalite ndụ ===
A mụrụ '''Habibitch''', onye ezigbo  aha ya bụ '''Lissia Benoufella''', n'afọ 1980, na Algiers, Algeria. Mgbe ha dị afọ anọ, ezinụụlọ ha si Kabyle biri na France iji gbanahụụ agha obodo nke na-aga n'ihu n'obodo ha. Ha na-echeta mwute nke ndị mụrụ ha nwere mgbe ha bịarutere, bụ́ ndị ha abụọ ghọrọ ndị nkụzi.

=== Ọmụmụ ihe ===
Ha tolitere na Vendée, kemgbe ha bụ nwata, ha bu n'obi ịghọ onye na-agba egwu. Mgbe ha gụchara akwụkwọ mmụta mbụ ha na ngalaba mmụta ụmụ mmadụ (nke a maara na usoro agụmakwụkwọ ndị French dị ka klas préparatoires littéraires ), ha nwetara akara ugo mmụta abụọ n'akụkọ ihe mere eme na Spanish &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; (nke yitewere  akara ugo mmụta bachelọ na akara ugo mmụta abụọ) nakwa nzere masta na [[Gender studies|ọmụmụ ihe gbasara okike]] na Sciences Po Toulouse (klas nke 2011). &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

=== Ọrụ nka ===
Habibtich chọpụtara na ọ na-eme voguing n'afọ 2011 n'oge njem ya na onye ya na ya so na-emekọ ihe  ọnụ n'oge ahụ na San Francisco. N'ebe ahụ, ha rụrụ ọrụ maka emume ihe nkiri LGBTQ ebe e gosipụtara ihe nkiri Paris is Burning, nke Jennie Livingston duziri, &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; . Nkiri ihe nkiri a n'ezie, emeela ka ihe dị egwu &quot; pụta ihe »n'ime ha.

N'afọ 2013, Habibitch gara nnyocha ọkachamara maka ụlọ akwụkwọ egwu hip hop , nke mechara kwe ka ọ banye n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ. Dị ka ndị  n'etinyelarị aka n'ọrụ nkwuchite ọnụ, ha wee na-ebi ndụ dịka ndị na-enweghi ebe obibi ma tinyekwuo aka n'ihe gbasara ndị na-akwado ndị inyom, ndị na-akwado ndị ọchịchị, na [[Anarchism|ndị na-emegide ndị ọchịchị]] dịka ndị na-akwado ndị mmadụ. Mgbe e mesịrị, ha sonyeere ndị otu Paris Ballroom na obodo ebe ha zutere Kiddy Smile, onye nwere mmasị n'ebe ha nọ ma kwe ka ha sonyere ''n'ụlọ Mizhani'' na 2015.

N'afọ 2017, ha haziri ogbako ịgba egwu mbụ ha, nke ha kpọrọ ''Deconize the Dancefloor'' &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; nke ha mechara hazie dabere na ihe omume na ebe ha nọ na ya ma na-etinye aka na ya, n'ịgbaso ụzọ nke na-ebute ụzọ &quot;itinye omume ha niile n'ọrụ n'ịgba egwu&quot; na nke dị n'etiti. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

N'otu oge ahụ, Habibitch na-achịkwa ogbako ma na-eme ka ogbako ahụ nwee ihe ngosi a na-eme. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=14 April 2021|title=Habibitch : &quot;Entre les selfies, la bouffe et les couchers de soleil, Instagram peut être une plateforme militante&quot;|url=https://www.ladn.eu/mondes-creatifs/habibitch-entre-selfies-bouffe-couchers-soleil-instagram-plateforme-militante/|accessdate=2022-07-08|work=L'ADN|language=fr-FR}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ha bụkwa nne nne nke ''House of Gorgeous Gucci'' dị na Paris, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Habibitch – CAP 74024 Magazine|url=https://www.cap74024.com/habibitch/|accessdate=2022-07-08|language=en-US|archivedate=2022-05-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220525140458/https://www.cap74024.com/habibitch/}}&lt;/ref&gt; ma na-enye klas mmalite &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; nke waacking na Parc de la Villette, na Paris. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=folie|first=à la|title=Cours de waacking par Ari de B en live !|url=https://alafolie.paris/events/cours-de-waacking-par-ari-de-b-en-live/|accessdate=2022-07-08|work=à la folie|language=fr-FR}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibịa ==
&lt;references /&gt;
 
[[Otú:Ndị na-agba Egwu si Algeria]]</text>
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    <title>Oké ọkọchị Somalia nke afọ 2017</title>
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Oké ọkọchị nke [[Somalia]] na 2017 bụ oké ọkọchị nke metụtara Somalia n'etiti ngwụcha afọ 2016 na mmalite afọ 2018, na-esote oge mmiri ozuzo dị ala na mba ahụ. Oké ọkọchị ahụ wetara ọdịda nke ihe ọkụkụ, ọnwụ anụ ụlọ, na nchụpụ,kpatara otu n'ime nnukwu nsogbu ndị mmadụ na Somalia kemgbe ụkọ mmiri ozuzo nke 2011 East Africa. N'oge ọ kachasị elu, ọ hapụrụ ihe karịrị nde mmadụ 6.2, &lt;ref name=&quot;WorldBank2020&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020|title=Summary of Chapter 3: Drought Impact|url=https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/301631594113228528/pdf/Summary-of-Chapter-3-Drought-Impact.pdf|accessdate=4 July 2026|work=documents.worldbank.org|publisher=The World Bank}}&lt;/ref&gt; ihe karịrị ọkara ndị bi na mba ahụ, na-achọ enyemaka mmadụ ma na-eche ụkọ nri ihu na ọtụtụ mmiri na-aghọ ihe a na-apụghị ịṅụ mmanya n'ihi ohere nke ibute ọrịa. &lt;ref name=&quot;aljazeera1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Drought in Somalia: Time is Running Out|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/inpictures/2017/02/drought-somalia-time-running-170213111737077.html|publisher=Al Jazeera|accessdate=26 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Faịlụ:Somalia_-_Drought_and_Displacement,_2016-2017.png|thumb|350x350px|Map nke ụkọ mmiri ozuzo na mbata na Somalia, 2017.]]
Dịka Ngalaba Ozi Ndị Mmadụ nke gọmentị US si kwuo, ihe karịrị nde mmadụ 2.9 na Somalia na-eche nsogbu ma ọ bụ ọkwa mberede nsogbu nri dị oke njọ ihu...&lt;ref name=&quot;HIUpublicdomain&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Somalia - Drought and Displacement, 2016-2017|url=https://hiu.state.gov|accessdate=4 July 2026|publisher=Humanitarian Information Unit, U.S. Department of State|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250205225311/https://hiu.state.gov/|archive-date=5 February 2025|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;. [nkọwapụta achọrọ] Somalia na-eche ihu owuwe ihe ubi nke asaa n'usoro na-adịghị mma, nkwụsi ike nri bụkwa nnukwu nsogbu. N'oge mmiri ozuzo nke Eprel ruo June, obere mmiri ozuzo mere n'ọtụtụ ebe na Somalia na Eprel, mana mmiri amalitela ma buru amụma na ọ ga-adị na Mee. [nkọwapụta achọrọ] Enweghị mmiri a na-aṅụ emeela ka ọrịa afọ ọsịsa na cholera gbasaa ngwa ngwa, a na-akọkwa ihe dị ka ikpe 32,000 kemgbe mmalite afọ. A tụrụ anya na ụmụaka nde 1.4 ga-achọ ọgwụgwọ maka nri na-adịghị mma na 2017, dịka UN Children's Fund (UNICEF) si kwuo.&lt;ref name=&quot;UNICEF2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2017|title=1.4 million Somali children risk acute malnutrition in 2017|url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2017/05/556402|accessdate=4 July 2026|publisher=UN News}}&lt;/ref&gt;
FEWS NET na-atụ anya nde mmadụ 2.9 ga-anọ n'ọnọdụ nsogbu na ọnọdụ mberede nke enweghị nri dị oke njọ ruo June 2017.&lt;ref name=&quot;FEWS2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Persistent drought in Somalia leads to major food security crisis|url=https://fews.net/east-africa/somalia/special-report/february-2017-1|accessdate=4 July 2026|publisher=FEWS NET}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Na Maachị 2017, dịka Ụlọ Ọrụ Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu maka Nhazi Ihe Ndị Gbasara Ọha Mmadụ (OCHA) si kwuo, nde mmadụ 1.75 natara enyemaka nri mba ụwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;OCHA2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=31 March 2017|title=Somalia: Drought Response - Situation Report No. 2|url=https://reliefweb.int/report/somalia/somalia-drought-response-situation-report-no-2-31-march-2017|accessdate=5 July 2026|publisher=UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA)}}&lt;/ref&gt;
FEWS NET na-atụ anya na nde mmadụ 2.9 ga-anọ n'ọnọdụ nsogbu na ọnọdụ mberede nke enweghị nri ruo June 2017.&lt;ref name=&quot;FEWS2017&quot; /&gt;
Na Maachị 2017, nde mmadụ 1.75 natara enyemaka nri mba ụwa, dịka Ụlọ Ọrụ Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu maka Nhazi Ihe Ndị Gbasara Ọha Mmadụ (OCHA) si kwuo.&lt;ref name=&quot;OCHA2017&quot; /&gt;

Site na Nọvemba 2016 ruo Machị 2017, ihe karịrị mmadụ 615,000 agbaala ọsọ n'ihi ụkọ mmiri ozuzo.&lt;ref name=&quot;UNHCR2017Appeal&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=22 March 2018|title=2017 Supplementary Appeal for the Somalia Situation|url=https://data.unhcr.org/fr/documents/download/62799|accessdate=4 July 2026|work=data.unhcr.org|publisher=UNHCR}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọtụtụ ndị ụkọ mmiri ozuzo hapụrụ ime obodo Bay, Lower Shabelle, na Sool wee biri n'obodo ukwu dị ka Mogadishu na [[Baidoa]]. Kemgbe Jenụwarị 2016, ihe dị ka ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ 56,000 bụbu ndị Somalia si n'ogige ndị gbara ọsọ ọsọ ndụ Dadaab nke Kenya laghachi Somalia site na mmemme mweghachi afọ ofufo nke UNHCR ma biri na Gedo, Bay, Lower Jubba, na Banaadir.

== Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga ==
Oké ọkọchị ahụ bịara mgbe usoro mmiri ozuzo na-adịghị mma gafee Somalia, na-eduga na ọdịda ihe ọkụkụ, ebe mmiri na-adịghị na anụ ụlọ furu efu.&lt;ref name=&quot;JRCDrought2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=17 February 2017|title=Drought in the Horn of Africa – February 2017|url=https://drought.emergency.copernicus.eu/data/reports/old/GDODroughtNews201702_Horn_of_Africa.pdf|accessdate=4 July 2026|work=drought.emergency.copernicus.eu|publisher=JRC Drought Team, European Commission – Joint Research Centre}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nke a metụtara obodo ndị dabere na ọrụ ugbo na ọzụzụ anụ ụlọ, na-ebelata mmepụta nri.

Oge ụkọ mmiri ozuzo bịara mgbe Somalia ka na-agbake site na ọtụtụ iri afọ nke esemokwu agha, ọgba aghara ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, na ọgba agha ihu igwe.&lt;ref name=&quot;WorldBank2023&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=19 June 2023|title=Somalia Shock Responsive Safety Net for Human Capital Project|url=https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/099062923035034613/pdf/P17624603756190c409e570193ea2ae944d.pdf|accessdate=4 July 2026|work=documents.worldbank.org|publisher=The World Bank}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọtụtụ nde mmadụ achọlarị enyemaka enyemaka site na mmetụta nke ụkọ mmiri ozuzo na ụnwụ nri nke 2011 East Africa, nke hapụrụ nsogbu enyemaka na mba ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;SomaliaHNO2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=24 November 2016|title=2017 Somalia Humanitarian Needs Overview|url=https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8bde1016-1670-3ebe-9924-ec931eba0662/161124_som_hno_2017.pdf|accessdate=4 July 2026|work=reliefweb.int|publisher=OCHA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na ngwụcha afọ 2016, United Nations, FEWS NET na Food and Agriculture Organization welitere mkpu na enweghị mmiri ozuzo na-eyi nchekwa nri egwu na Somalia.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=UN warns worsening food security situation in Somalia - Xinhua {{!}} English.news.cn|url=http://www.xinhuanet.com//english/2016-07/29/c_135550363.htm|accessdate=2026-07-04|work=www.xinhuanet.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2016-02-08|title=In Somalia, food security and malnutrition situation is 'alarming' – UN report {{!}} UN News|url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2016/02/521752|accessdate=2026-07-04|work=news.un.org|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe Ndị Na-akpata ya ==
Isi ihe kpatara ụkọ mmiri ozuzo ahụ bụ enweghị oge mmiri ozuzo na 2016 na mmalite 2017. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Persistent drought in Somalia leads to major food security crisis {{!}} FEWS NET|url=https://fews.net/east-africa/somalia/special-report/february-2017-1|accessdate=2026-07-04|work=fews.net|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'oge oge mmiri ozuzo nke Eprel-June na Ọktọba-Nọvemba, mmiri ozuzo e dekọrọ dị n'okpuru nkezi, nke dugara n'ọnọdụ ịta ahịhịa na-adịghị mma, belata mmepụta ihe ọkụkụ na mmụba nke ọnwụ anụ ụlọ na mba ahụ dum.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=This Is A Worsening Humanitarian Crisis That Shows No Signs Of Slowing|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/mike-adamson/hunger-crisis-africa_b_14988122.html|work=The Huffington Post|accessdate=26 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Famine fears rise as Somalia suffers worst drought in decades|url=https://www.ft.com/content/ce4d61f2-ef67-11e6-930f-061b01e23655|publisher=Financial Times|accessdate=26 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbanwe ihu igwe metụtara El Niño-Southern Oscillation nyere aka na mmiri ozuzo na-adịghị mma ma nwee ike ịbụ ihe kpatara ụkọ mmiri ozuzo ahụ.  &lt;ref name=&quot;CGIAR2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=3. El Niño–Southern Oscillation Impacts on Agriculture and the National Economy|url=https://cgspace.cgiar.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/2d6dbb72-1c39-467a-920c-fe99067b7dbb/content|accessdate=4 July 2026|work=cgspace.cgiar.org|publisher=CGSpace (CGIAR)}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Hungerkrise in Somalia: Millionen Menschen brauchen Hilfe|url=https://www.tagesschau.de/ausland/somalia-hungerkrise-101.html|publisher=Tagesschau|accessdate=26 February 2017|language=de-DE}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Okpomọkụ na-arị elu site na mgbanwe ihu igwe mekwara ka oke ọkọchị dị na mpi nke Africa site n'ịkwalite ọnwụ mmiri n'ala na ibelata ntụkwasị obi nke mmiri ozuzo oge.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Site na ọmụmụ sayensị, mgbanwe ihu igwe a emeela ka ohere nke ọnọdụ ụkọ mmiri ozuzo dị ogologo n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ Afrịka.&lt;ref name=&quot;Oxfam2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=27 April 2017|title=A climate in crisis: How climate change is making drought and humanitarian disaster worse in East Africa|url=https://www-cdn.oxfam.org/s3fs-public/mb-climate-crisis-east-africa-drought-270417-en.pdf|accessdate=4 July 2026|work=oxfam.org|publisher=Oxfam International}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọnọdụ enyemaka ==
Nke a bụ otu n'ime ọnọdụ mberede kachasị njọ na Somalia kemgbe ụnwụ nri 2011. Ka ọ na-erule n'etiti afọ 2017, ihe karịrị nde mmadụ 6.2 chọrọ enyemaka enyemaka, ebe ihe dị ka nde mmadụ 2.9 chere nsogbu ma ọ bụ ọnọdụ mberede nke enweghị nri siri ike ihu.&lt;ref name=&quot;WorldBank2020&quot; /&gt; Na 4 Machị, praịm minista Somalia bụ Hassan Ali Khaire kwupụtara na ọ dịkarịa ala mmadụ 110 nwụrụ n'ihi agụụ na afọ ọsịsa na mpaghara Bay naanị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/03/hassan-ali-khaire-famine-kills-110-days-170304183606392.html|title=Hassan Ali Khaire: Hunger, disease kill 110 in two days|publisher=Al Jazeera|date=4 March 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nsogbu ahụ kpatara ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ, ebe ọtụtụ narị puku mmadụ hapụrụ ime obodo na-achọ nri, mmiri na enyemaka enyemaka, ọkachasị ịkwaga n'obodo ukwu dị ka Mogadishu, [[Baidoa]] na [[Kismayo]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Somalia — Humanitarian Response Annual Report (2017) {{!}} Displacement Tracking Matrix|url=https://dtm.iom.int/fr/reports/somalia-%E2%80%94-humanitarian-response-annual-report-2017|accessdate=2026-07-04|work=dtm.iom.int}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ka ọ na-erule ngwụcha afọ 2017, ihe karịrị mmadụ 900,000 agbaala ọsọ n'ihi ụkọ mmiri ozuzo.&lt;ref name=&quot;OCHASitRep2March2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=31 March 2017|title=Somalia: Drought Response - Situation Report No. 2 (as of 31 March 2017)|url=https://reliefweb.int/report/somalia/somalia-drought-response-situation-report-no-2-31-march-2017|accessdate=5 July 2026|work=reliefweb.int|publisher=UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA)}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Onye nnọchi anya FAO maka Somalia kwuru na ọnọdụ dị n'ọtụtụ ime obodo, ọkachasị Bay na [[Puntland]], na-amalite iwere &quot;n'ụzọ na-echegbu onwe ya dị ka mmalite ụnwụ nri na 2010-2011&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;un1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Urgent scale-up in funding needed to stave off famine in Somalia, UN warns|url=https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=56094|accessdate=26 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Òtù Mba Nile maka Migration dọkwara aka ná ntị na ọ bụrụ na &quot;emeghị ihe ozugbo, akara ịdọ aka ná ntị n'oge na-egosi nsogbu na-arịwanye elu na Somalia nke nwere ike imebi&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;cnn1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=McKenzie|first=David|title=Somalia: 'People are dying..there's no water'|date=7 March 2017|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2017/03/07/africa/somalia-famine-united-nations/index.html|publisher=CNN|accessdate=8 March 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Hassan Saadi Noor, onye nduzi Save the Children's Country na Somalia kwuru, sị: &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Somalia reaching a 'tipping point' as signs of malnutrition among children worsen|url=https://www.savethechildren.net/article/somalia-reaching-tipping-point-signs-malnutrition-among-children-worsen|work=Save the Children International|accessdate=8 March 2017|language=en|date=21 February 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170309072416/https://www.savethechildren.net/article/somalia-reaching-tipping-point-signs-malnutrition-among-children-worsen|archivedate=9 March 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Side box/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;Na mgbakwunye na ụkọ mmiri ozuzo na ụnwụ nri, ahụike ọha na eze kara njọ n'oge ụkọ mmiri. Enweghị ike ịnweta mmiri ọṅụṅụ dị mma na ịdị ọcha nyere aka n'oké ntiwapụ nke ọrịa, dị ka ọgbụgbọ na kịtịkpa, nke gbasara.&lt;ref name=&quot;cnn1&quot; /&gt; Ụmụaka na-emetụta karịsịa, na ụlọ ọrụ enyemaka na-eme atụmatụ na ihe dị ka nde ụmụaka 1.4 ga-achọ ọgwụgwọ maka nsogbu nri na-edozi ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=UNICEF: 1.4 million Somali children risk acute malnutrition|url=https://www.dw.com/en/unicef-14-million-children-in-somalia-at-risk-of-acute-malnutrition-in-2017/a-38661501|accessdate=2026-07-04|work=dw.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2017-05-02|title=Somalia: 1.4M children to suffer acute malnutrition this year – UN agency {{!}} UN News|url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2017/05/556402|accessdate=2026-07-04|work=news.un.org|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ọnwa Machị 2017, e gosipụtara ihe karịrị mmadụ 8,400 na-arịa ọrịa ọgbụgbọ na Jenụwarị, nke gburu ndụ 200.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2017-03/11/c_136119454.htm|quote=More than 8,400 cases of the diseases have already been confirmed in 2017, 200 of which have been fatal|title=Aid agency warns of surge in cholera cases in Somalia|date=11 March 2017|publisher=Xinhua}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na 20 Machị 2017, ọ dịkarịa ala mmadụ iri abụọ na isii nwụrụ n'ihi agụụ na mpaghara Jubaland nke na-achị onwe ya nke ndịda Somalia, dị ka ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi steeti si kwuo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.shabellenews.com/2017/03/hunger-kills-dozens-in-southern-somalia-amid-drought/|title=Hunger kills dozens in Southern Somalia amid Drought|publisher=Shabelle News|date=21 March 2017|accessdate=21 March 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170324052609/http://www.shabellenews.com/2017/03/hunger-kills-dozens-in-southern-somalia-amid-drought/|archivedate=24 March 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ọnwa Julaị 2017, mmiri ọṅụṅụ na-adịghị ọcha kpatara ihe karịrị mmadụ 71,000 na-arịa ọrịa ọgbụgba ma ọ bụ afọ ọsịsa siri ike na 2017, nke kpatara ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ mmadụ 1,100 nwụrụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://learningenglish.voanews.com/a/hundreds-of-thousands-of-somalis-displaced-by-drought-conflict/3961865.html|title=Hundreds of Thousands of Somalis Displaced by Drought, Conflict|publisher=Voice of America|date=30 July 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ịkpọ oku maka nzaghachi ==

=== Nzaghachi ozugbo ===
N'ụbọchị nke abụọ n'ọnwa Febụwarị n'afọ 2017, otu onye isi ọrụ enyemaka nke United Nations na Somalia dọrọ aka ná ntị banyere ụnwụ nri n'ime ụfọdụ n'ime ebe oke ọkọchị na-enweghị enyemaka enyemaka dị ukwuu na ngwa ngwa n'ime izu ndị na-abịanụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;aljazeera1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;un1&quot; /&gt; O kwukwara na ịhapụ nzaghachi dị otú ahụ ozugbo &quot;ga-efu ndụ, bibie ihe ndị a na-eri ebi, ma nwee ike imebi ịchụso isi ihe owuwu na udo&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;un1&quot; /&gt; N'abalị asatọ n'ọnwa Machị n'afọ 2017, odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke United Nations bụ António Guterres gbara ume ka e nwee nkwado zuru ụwa ọnụ iji gbochie ụnwụ nri.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=&quot;The world must act now to stop this,&quot; UN chief Guterres says on visit to drought-hit Somalia|url=https://unsom.unmissions.org/world-must-act-now-stop-un-chief-guterres-says-visit-drought-hit-somalia|publisher=UNSOM|accessdate=8 March 2017|language=en|date=8 March 2017|archivedate=9 March 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170309070904/https://unsom.unmissions.org/world-must-act-now-stop-un-chief-guterres-says-visit-drought-hit-somalia}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Nzaghachi kwesịrị ekwesị ===
Ọ bụ ezie na a pụrụ idozi oke ọkọchị ahụ site na nzaghachi ozugbo, ụfọdụ na-atụ aro ịkọ ọdịnihu na mgbochi, ogologo oge, ọnụahịa dị mma na usoro kwesịrị ekwesị. Esther Ngumbi, onye nchọpụta na Ngalaba nke Entomology na Plant Pathology na Mahadum Auburn na [[Alabama]], na-atụ aro na a ga-eji &quot;njikọ na nkwekọrịta dị n'etiti gọọmentị na NGO&quot; mee ihe iji &quot;nyekwa ndị ọrụ ugbo aka ịnagide oke ọkọchị na ọdachi ndị ọzọ metụtara mgbanwe ihu igwe&quot;. Ọzọkwa, ọ na-ekwu na ozugbo e mezuru nke a, ụzọ ọhụrụ iji gbasaa ozi na ngwọta dịnụ nye ndị ọrụ ugbo ga-adị mkpa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=How to tackle repetitive droughts in the Horn of Africa|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2017/02/tackle-repetitive-droughts-horn-africa-170214090108648.html|publisher=Al Jazeera|accessdate=26 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mohamed Abdulkadir, onye njikwa ubi nke Save the Children, na-ekwu na nnyefe nri na-ebibi ahịa mpaghara.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Somalia: &quot;Wenn keine Hilfe kommt, werden sie sterben&quot; - heute-Nachrichten|url=http://www.heute.de/anhaltende-duerre-in-afrika-millionen-menschen-droht-der-hunger-tod-46642456.html|accessdate=26 February 2017|language=de|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170227062613/http://www.heute.de/anhaltende-duerre-in-afrika-millionen-menschen-droht-der-hunger-tod-46642456.html|archivedate=27 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Minista Federal nke German nke Economic Cooperation na Development Gerd Müller tụrụ aro ego nsogbu dị ijeri maka United Nations iji nye ya ohere ime ihe mgbochi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Mit dem Vieh verhungern die Menschen - Somalia vor der Katastrophe {{!}} Aktuell Afrika {{!}} DW.COM {{!}} 26.02.2017|url=http://www.dw.com/de/mit-dem-vieh-verhungern-die-menschen-somalia-vor-der-katastrophe/a-37720647|publisher=Deutsche Welle|accessdate=8 March 2017|language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nzaghachi ==
Kemgbe ụnwụ nri nke afọ 2011, nke a bụ otu n'ime nzaghachi enyemaka kachasị ukwuu na Somalia. Ọ gụnyere Gọọmentị Federal nke Somalia, ụlọ ọrụ United Nations, òtù enyemaka mba ụwa, gọọmentị na-enye onyinye na òtù ndị obodo. &lt;ref name=&quot;DFID2017Review&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=November 2017|title=DFID Somalia 2017 Drought Response: Real-Time Review|url=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5a8566e4e5274a2e87dc3e43/DFID_Somalia_2017_IRF_Real_Time_Review_FINAL.pdf|accessdate=5 July 2026|work=publishing.service.gov.uk|publisher=Department for International Development (DFID)}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbalị enyemaka lekwasịrị anya n'igbochi ụnwụ nri site na enyemaka nri mberede, nnyefe ego, mmemme nri na-edozi ahụ, nlekọta ahụike na mmiri na ntinye aka na ịdị ọcha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=UNICEF helps avert a famine in Somalia in 2017 {{!}} UNICEF Somalia|url=https://www.unicef.org/somalia/stories/unicef-helps-avert-famine-somalia-2017|accessdate=2026-07-04|work=www.unicef.org|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Nzaghachi gọọmentị ===
N'abalị iri abụọ na asatọ n'ọnwa Febụwarị n'afọ 2017, Onye isi ala Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed kwupụtara na ụkọ mmiri ozuzo ahụ bụ Ọdachi mba, na-enyere gọọmentị aka ịhazi akụ na ụba ma rịọ maka enyemaka mba ụwa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/02/somalia-declares-national-disaster-drought-170228163745581.html|title=Somalia declares 'national disaster' over drought|publisher=Al Jazeera|date=1 March 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gọọmentị etiti guzobere usoro nhazi mberede na mba ndị otu gọọmentị etiti na ndị mmekọ ọrụ ebere iji bute mpaghara ndị kachasị emetụta ụzọ. &lt;ref name=&quot;WorldBank2023Preparedness&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023|title=Somalia Preparedness Plan for Food and Nutrition Security|url=https://thedocs.worldbank.org/en/doc/3da165e0bcb0ed7dddba9939afb21fda-0590012023/related/Somalia-Preparedness-Plan-for-Food-and-Nutrit.pdf|accessdate=5 July 2026|work=thedocs.worldbank.org|publisher=The World Bank}}&lt;/ref&gt; A haziri enyemaka mberede site na Ministry of Humanitarian Affairs na Disaster.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=DevelopmentAid|url=https://www.developmentaid.org/|accessdate=2026-07-04|work=DevelopmentAid|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu ===
Òtù Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu haziri nzaghachi enyemaka mba ụwa site na Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ na Gọọmentị Federal nke Somalia na ụlọ ọrụ enyemaka ndị ọzọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;OCHASitRep2March2017&quot; /&gt; N'ọnwa Febụwarị 2017, UN dọrọ Somalia aka na ntị na ha na-eche nnukwu ihe ize ndụ nke ụnwụ nri ihu ọ gwụla ma enyere ha aka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=McVeigh|first=Karen|date=2017-02-03|title=Somalia famine fears prompt UN call for 'immediate and massive' reaction|url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2017/feb/03/somalia-famine-fears-un-call-immediate-massive-reaction|accessdate=2026-07-04|work=The Guardian|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Odeakwụkwọ ukwu Antonio Guterres gara Somailia na Machị 2017 wee rịọ maka nkwado mba ụwa ngwa ngwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2017-03-07|title=Secretary-General Visits Somalia {{!}} UN Photo|url=https://media.un.org/photo/en/asset/oun7/oun7142340|accessdate=2026-07-04|work=media.un.org|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

World Food Programme (WFP) gbasaa nkesa nri na enyemaka ego maka ezinụlọ ndị na-enweghị nri, &lt;ref name=&quot;WFPEvaluation2020&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=July 2020|title=Evaluation of the WFP Somalia Country Strategic Plan 2016–2018|url=https://docs.wfp.org/api/documents/WFP-0000122255/download/|accessdate=5 July 2026|work=docs.wfp.org|publisher=World Food Programme}}&lt;/ref&gt; ebe FAO kwadoro ndị ọrụ ugbo na ndị na-azụ anụ site na mkpọsa ọgwụgwọ anụ ụlọ, ọrụ anụmanụ, ntinye ọrụ ugbo yana ego mberede iji nyere aka chekwaa ihe oriri. &lt;ref name=&quot;FAO2017Drought&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2017|title=Drought in Somalia: Livelihood impact and response|url=https://openknowledge.fao.org/handle/20.500.14283/bs155e|accessdate=5 July 2026|work=openknowledge.fao.org|publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)}}&lt;/ref&gt;

United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) mụbara ọgwụgwọ maka nsogbu nri na-edozi ahụ siri ike, mkpọsa ịgba ọgwụ mgbochi, ọrụ inye mmiri na mmemme nhicha. Ha kwadokwara mmezigharị oghere, ụgbọ mmiri, mkpọsa ịdị ọcha na ọgwụgwọ mmiri iji belata mgbasa nke ọgbụgbọ na afọ ọsịsa mmiri.

Òtù Ahụ Ike Ụwa (WHO) wusiri nlekota ọrịa ike, guzobe ụlọ ọgwụ ọgbụgbọ na ọgbụgba, nye ihe ọgwụgwọ mberede ma kwado ndị otu na-eme ngwa ngwa iji chịkwaa ntiwapụ nke ọgbụba na ọrịa ndị ọzọ na-efe efe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=WHO calls for immediate action to save lives in Somalia|url=https://www.who.int/news/item/11-05-2017-who-calls-for-immediate-action-to-save-lives-in-somalia|accessdate=2026-07-04|work=www.who.int|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; International Organization for Migration (IOM) nyere nlekọta ahụike mberede site na ndị otu ahụike na-agagharị agagharị, kwadoro obodo ndị a chụpụrụ na mmiri, ịdị ọcha na ọrụ ịdị ọcha ma nyere aka na nlekota nke ndị mmadụ.

=== Òtù na-ahụ maka enyemaka mba ụwa ===
Kọmitii Mba Nile nke Red Cross (ICRC), na-arụ ọrụ n'akụkụ Somali Red Crescent Society, gbasaa enyemaka nri, mmemme ego mberede, ọrụ nri na-edozi ahụ, nlekọta ahụike na ọrụ mmiri n'ebe ndịda na etiti Somalia.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2017-04-26|title=Somalia drought emergency response in 2017 {{!}} ICRC|url=https://www.icrc.org/en/document/somalia-drought-emergency-response-2017|accessdate=2026-07-04|work=www.icrc.org|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na Jenụwarị-Eprel 2017, òtù ndị ahụ nyeere mmadụ 760,000 aka, gụnyere ikesa nri nye mmadụ 160,000, inye enyemaka ego nye ihe dị ka mmadụ 167,000, na-agwọ ihe karịrị mmadụ 12,000 ma na-akwado ọgwụgwọ ọgbụgbọ na ọrụ nlekọta ahụike. 

Òtù ndị ọzọ na-enyere ndị mmadụ aka, gụnyere Save the Children, Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF), CARE International, Islamic Relief, Concern Worldwide, Norwegian Refugee Council (NRC) na ọtụtụ òtù na-abụghị nke gọọmentị, gbasaa mmemme nri na-edozi ahụ, ọrụ nlekọta ahụike, nkwado agụmakwụkwọ, ọrụ nchebe na ọrụ mmiri na ịdị ọcha na obodo ndị ụkọ mmiri na-emetụta.&lt;ref name=&quot;aljazeera1&quot; /&gt;

=== Germany ===
Dị ka akụkọ nke 1 Mee 2017, na nleta ọ gara na mba ahụ, Minista na-ahụ maka mba ọzọ nke Germany, Sigmar Gabriel kwere nkwa na ọ ga-eme ka ọ dịkarịa ala okpukpu abụọ nke enyemaka nde euro 70 ma kwuo na mkparịta ụka ndị nta akụkọ ya na praịm minista Somalia bụ Hassan Ali Khaire na &quot;obodo mba ụwa ga-eme ihe karịa megide ọdachi ụnwụ nri ahụ. &quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Hungersnot in Somalia: Deutschland will Hilfe verdoppeln|url=https://www.tagesschau.de/ausland/gabriel-mogadischu-101.html|publisher=Tagesschau|accessdate=1 May 2017|language=de-DE}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Außenminister in Somalia: Gabriel am Horn des Hungers|work=Der Spiegel|date=May 2017|url=http://www.spiegel.de/politik/ausland/mogadischu-sigmar-gabriel-am-horn-des-hungers-in-somalia-a-1145619.html|publisher=SPIEGEL ONLINE|accessdate=1 May 2017|author=Gebauer|first=Matthias}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Germany pledges 70 million euros to aid Somalia fight hunger|url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/germany-pledges-70-million-euros-aid-somalia-fight-47132026|work=ABC News|accessdate=1 May 2017|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọzọkwa, ọ na-arịọ ndị mba ụwa ka ha ghara ile Somalia anya dị ka steeti dara ada &quot;ma dị ka steet nke na-agbasi mbọ ike iji mepụta usoro steeti a pụrụ ịdabere na ya&quot; na-enyere ya aka &quot;ịkwado nchekwa&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Germany's Gabriel makes surprise visit to Somalia|url=http://www.dw.com/en/germanys-gabriel-makes-surprise-visit-to-somalia/a-38655521|publisher=Deutsche Welle|accessdate=1 May 2017|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Njikọ Europe ===
Na Nzukọ Mba Nile na Somalia na London na 11 Mee 2017, European Union kwere nkwa nde euro 200 maka iwu obodo na mgbalị mgbake ogologo oge.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Kommentar: 17 Seiten für den Frieden {{!}} Kommentare {{!}} DW.COM {{!}} 11.05.2017|url=http://www.dw.com/de/kommentar-17-seiten-f%C3%BCr-den-frieden/a-38807226|publisher=Deutsche Welle|accessdate=14 May 2017|language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mohamed kelere ndị nyere onyinye ahụ, na-ekwusi ike n'okwu ya na Somalia chọrọ iguzo ọtọ ọzọ, ọ rịọkwara ndị sonyere na nnọkọ ahụ ka ha mee ka gọọmentị ya nwee obi ụtọ ma ọ bụrụ na ha emezughị nke a.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Welle (www.dw.com)|first=Deutsche|title=Londoner Konferenz sagt Somalia Millionenhilfe zu {{!}} DW {{!}} 11.05.2017|url=https://www.dw.com/de/londoner-konferenz-sagt-somalia-millionenhilfe-zu/a-38802505|accessdate=2021-11-21|work=DW.COM|language=de-DE}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe si na ya pụta ==
Oké ọkọchị ahụ nwere mmetụta na-adịgide adịgide maka ọdịmma mmadụ, akụ na ụba na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya. Mmiri zoro nke ọma n'oge oge mmiri ozuzo nke Eprel-June 2018, nke nyere aka na mmepụta ugbo na ọnọdụ ịta ahịhịa na mpaghara ụfọdụ. Ebe ọ bụ na ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ agwụla akụ ha n'oge ụkọ mmiri ozuzo ahụ, mgbake dị nwayọ ma sie ike.

Enyemaka enyemaka gara n'ihu n'afọ 2018 niile ka ọtụtụ nde mmadụ ka na-adabere na enyemaka na mmemme nkwado enyemaka. IDP nọgidere na-eche oke mmadụ ihu, ebe obibi na-ezughị ezu na ohere dị nta maka ọrụ ndị bụ isi na ebe obibi ndị na-enweghị ebe obibi, ebe ọtụtụ enweghị ike ịlaghachi n'ebe ha si.

== Usoro oge iheomume ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|+Ihe ndị dị mkpa mere n'oge ụkọ mmiri ozuzo nke Somalia na 2016-2018.
!Ụbọchị
!Ihe omume
!Ihe ọ pụtara
|-
|Ngwụsị afọ 2015 - Mmalite afọ 2016
|Ihe omume El Niño siri ike metụtara usoro ihu igwe gafee Horn of Africa, ọnọdụ La Niña na-adịghị ike sochiri.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Hungerkrise in Somalia: Millionen Menschen brauchen Hilfe|url=https://www.tagesschau.de/ausland/somalia-hungerkrise-101.html|publisher=Tagesschau|language=de-DE}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|O nyere aka na mmiri ozuzo na-adịghị mma n'oge ọkọchị ma setịpụ ọnọdụ maka oke ọkọchị na Somalia.
|-
|Eprel-June 2016
|Oge mmiri ozuzo nke '''Eprel-June''' dekọrọ mmiri ozuzo dị n'okpuru nkezi n'ọtụtụ Somalia.
|Mbelata mmepụta ihe ọkụkụ, ebe ịta ahịhịa na-emebi emebi na isi iyi mmiri na-adịghị mma maka ọrụ ugbo na ndị na-azụ anụ.
|-
|Ọktoba-December 2016
|Oge mmiri ozuzo nke October-December emeghị nke ọma n'ọtụtụ akụkụ nke mba ahụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;HIUpublicdomain&quot; /&gt;
|Oge mmiri ozuzo na-aga n'ihu na-eme ka enweghị nri, anụ ụlọ na ụkọ mmiri ka njọ.
|-
|Jenụwarị 2017
|Ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka ọdịmma mmadụ kọrọ na ọ na-abawanye ngwa ngwa ma na-akawanye njọ nke ọgbụgbọ na ọsịsa mmiri (AWD).  &lt;ref name=&quot;HIUpublicdomain&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;cnn1&quot; /&gt;
|gosipụtara mmetụta na-arịwanye elu nke ụkọ mmiri ozuzo na nchegbu dị elu maka ụnwụ nri.
|-
|2 Febụwarị 2017
|Òtù [[Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu]] dọrọ aka ná ntị na Somalia na-eche nnukwu ihe ize ndụ nke ụnwụ nri ihu na-enweghị enyemaka enyemaka enyemaka ozugbo.&lt;ref name=&quot;un1&quot; /&gt;
|O gosipụtara ịdọ aka ná ntị mbụ nke mba ụwa na nsogbu ahụ nwere ike ịghọ ụnwụ nri yiri nke 2011.
|-
|28 Febụwarị 2017
|Onye isi ala Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed kwupụtara ụkọ mmiri ozuzo ahụ dị ka ọdachi mba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/02/somalia-declares-national-disaster-drought-170228163745581.html|title=Somalia declares 'national disaster' over drought|publisher=Al Jazeera|date=1 March 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|O mere ka mba dịkwuo n'otu ma mee ka arịrịọ maka enyemaka mba ụwa sie ike.
|-
|Machị 2017
|Praịm Minista Hassan Ali Khaire kọrọ ọnwụ ndị metụtara agụụ na ọrịa na Bay Region, ebe odeakwụkwọ ukwu UN António Guterres gara Somalia iji kwado nkwado mba ụwa.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/03/hassan-ali-khaire-famine-kills-110-days-170304183606392.html|title=Hassan Ali Khaire: Hunger, disease kill 110 in two days|publisher=Al Jazeera|date=4 March 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=&quot;The world must act now to stop this,&quot; UN chief Guterres says on visit to drought-hit Somalia|url=https://unsom.unmissions.org/world-must-act-now-stop-un-chief-guterres-says-visit-drought-hit-somalia|publisher=UNSOM|date=8 March 2017|accessdate=31 August 2026|archivedate=9 March 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170309070904/https://unsom.unmissions.org/world-must-act-now-stop-un-chief-guterres-says-visit-drought-hit-somalia}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Dọrọ uche zuru ụwa ọnụ n'ịdị njọ nke nsogbu ahụ ma mee ka ego enyemaka na mgbalị mmeghachi omume dị ngwa.
|-
|Eprel-May 2017
|Ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọrụ enyemaka gbasaa enyemaka nri, nnyefe ego, mmemme nri na-edozi ahụ, ọrụ nlekọta ahụike, na ntinye aka mmiri na ịdị ọcha. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Somalia reaching a 'tipping point' as signs of malnutrition among children worsen|url=https://www.savethechildren.net/article/somalia-reaching-tipping-point-signs-malnutrition-among-children-worsen|work=Save the Children International|date=21 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|O nyere aka belata ọnwụ, gbochie ntiwapụ nke ọrịa ma gbochie ụnwụ nri n'ógbè ndị kachasị emetụta.
|-
|11 Mee 2017
|Na Nzukọ London na Somalia, ndị na-enye onyinye mba ụwa kwere nkwa enyemaka enyemaka enyemaka enyemaka na mmepe, gụnyere € 200 nde site na European Union. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Welle (www.dw.com)|first=Deutsche|title=Londoner Konferenz sagt Somalia Millionenhilfe zu|url=https://www.dw.com/de/londoner-konferenz-sagt-somalia-millionenhilfe-zu/a-38802505|work=DW|date=11 May 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Mmụba ego kwadoro ọrụ enyemaka mberede na atụmatụ mgbake ogologo oge.
|-
|Ọkara afọ 2017
|Ihe karịrị nde mmadụ 6.2 chọrọ enyemaka enyemaka, ihe dị ka nde mmadụ 2.9 nwere oke nsogbu nri, ihe karịrị mmadụ 900,000 agbaala ọsọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;HIUpublicdomain&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://learningenglish.voanews.com/a/hundreds-of-thousands-of-somalis-displaced-by-drought-conflict/3961865.html|title=Hundreds of Thousands of Somalis Displaced by Drought, Conflict|publisher=Voice of America|date=30 July 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Ọ nọchitere anya ọnụ ọgụgụ kachasị elu nke nsogbu enyemaka na otu n'ime ọnọdụ mberede kachasị ukwuu na Somalia kemgbe ụnwụ nri 2011.
|-
|Ná ngwụsị afọ 2017
|Enyemaka na-aga n'ihu, nhazi ka mma na mmiri ozuzo dị mma n'ebe ụfọdụ belatara ihe ize ndụ nke ụnwụ nri ozugbo.&lt;ref name=&quot;HIUpublicdomain&quot; /&gt;
|Somalia zere ụnwụ nri mba niile n'agbanyeghị oke ụkọ mmiri ozuzo.
|-
|2018
|Mmiri ozuzo ka mma n'April-June kwadoro mgbake nke ihe ọkụkụ na ịta ahịhịa, ebe enyemaka enyemaka na-aga n'ihu maka obodo ndị metụtara.
|E gosipụtara mgbanwe site na nzaghachi mberede gaa na mgbake, ọ bụ ezie na ọtụtụ nde nọgidere na-enwe nsogbu n'ihi ndị na-enweghị ebe obibi na ndị na-ebi ndụ.
|}

== Hụkwa ==

* Oké ọkọchị n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Afrịka n'afọ 2011
* Ụnwụ nri South Sudan na 2017
* Oké ọkọchị nke Horn of Africa (2020-dị ugbu a) 
* Oké ọkọchị nke Somalia (2021-dị ugbu a) 
* Nchebe nri
* Nchebe mmiri

== Edensịbịa ==
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== Njikọ mpụga ==
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* [https://web.archive.org/web/20190108225939/https://www.savethechildren.net/news/somalia/t-304 SaveTheChildren: Somalia]
* [https://unsom.unmissions.org/ Ọrụ Enyemaka nke Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu na Somalia]
* [https://www.tagesschau.de/ausland/hunger-ostafrika-101.html Agụụụ na Ostafrika - ein Nsogbu für alle], (German) 
[[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]]
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'''Nsogbu mmiri na Chile''' bụ oge oke [[ụkọ mmiri]] na ụkọ mmiri ozuzo na Chile nke malitere n'afọ 2010 na nzaghachi maka mgbanwe ihu igwe, omume ọrụ ugbo na iwu ndị dị ugbu a guzobere na mbido afọ 1980. Ọ bụ ụkọ mmiri ozuzo kachasị ogologo na Chile n'ime ihe karịrị afọ 700 ruo 1,000.

Oke ụkọ mmiri ozuzo nke malitere n'afọ 2010 emeela ka nnukwu mpaghara dị na Chile nwee ike ịdaba n'ihe ize ndụ nke ọkụ ọhịa. Na Central Chile ọtụtụ ahịhịa okike enweela mbelata chlorophyll na ume n'ihi nnukwu ụzọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;bosque&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |title=Impactos de los incendios forestales de magnitud en áreas silvestres protegidas de Chile Central |journal=[[Bosque (journal)|Bosque]] |url=https://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0717-92002023000100083&amp;lng=es&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=es |last=Faúndez Pinilla |first=Jorge |issue=2 |volume=44 |last2=Castillo Soto |first2=Miguel |doi=10.4067/s0717-92002023000100083 |year=2023 |language=Spanish |trans-title=Impacts of severe wildfires in the protected wilderness areas of central Chile |last3=Navarro Cerrillo |first3=Rafael M.|doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==

=== Akụ na ụba na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ===
Iwu nke Chile nke 1980 nke e mepụtara n'okpuru Ọchịchị aka ike nke Augusto Pinochet ghọtara mmiri dị ka ihe onwunwe onwe onye na 1980, gọọmentị ya degharịrị iwu na-achịkwa mmiri, na-enye ire na nkeonwe nke mmiri n'ụzọ yiri nke ahịa ngwaahịa. Ahịa ikike mmiri abụwo otu n'ime isi ihe mere ka mmiri dị ala n'ebe ụfọdụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-06-01 |title='Consequences will be dire': Chile's water crisis is reaching breaking point |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/jun/01/chiles-water-crisis-megadrought-reaching-breaking-point |access-date=2022-06-08 |website=[[The Guardian]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=The mystery of a disappearing lake and the struggle over water rights in Chile|date=2022-03-08 |url=https://www.dw.com/en/the-struggle-over-water-rights-in-chile-millenial-president-gabriel-boric/a-60895657 |access-date=2022-06-08 |website=[[Deutsche Welle]] |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọnọdụ akụ na ụba Chile mepụtara n'ime ihe ndị na-ewepụta mmiri na n'ihi nnwere onwe nke mmiri; ka ọ na-erule afọ 2022, ọhịa - na-anọchite anya 3% nke ngụkọta nke mba ahụ - na-eri 59% nke mmiri Chile, ọrụ ugbo na-eji 37% ma na-enye naanị 2% maka oriri mmadụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; 

=== Oké ọkọchị ===
Chile malitere inwe ụkọ mmiri ozuzo n'afọ 2010 ma ka ọ na-erule afọ 2020, mmiri ozuzo bụ 20-45% nke nkezi mba na 10-20% nkezi na mpaghara Santiago. Dị ka René D. Garreaud, nke Mahadum Chile, si kwuo, ụkọ mmiri ozuzo ahụ bụ nke kachasị njọ n'ógbè ahụ n'ime ihe karịrị 1,000 afọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-04-14 |title=A Strained Water System in Chile |url=https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/146577/a-strained-water-system-in-chile |access-date=2022-06-08 |website=[[NASA]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'oge [[Nsogbu mmiri Petorca]], a chọpụtara na 2011 na nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ ugbo na-ezu mmiri site na mmiri nke Osimiri Petorca.

Nnyocha e mere n'afọ 2018 chọpụtara na n'ime oge dị n'etiti afọ 2010 na 2014, ọkwa nri ndị dị n'ime mmiri na-esi n'osimiri dị iche iche apụta banye n'Oké Osimiri Pacific n'akụkụ etiti Chile belatara ruo ọkara nke ọkwa ha na-enwebu. 

Ka ọ na-erule 2020, ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ndị Chile 500,000 dabere na ụgbọala na-ebu mmiri na ọtụtụ iri puku anụmanụ nwụrụ site na ụkọ mmiri ozuzo. N'afọ 2021, nyocha nke Journal of Climate bipụtara kwuru na &quot;Southern Blob&quot; nke mgbanwe ihu igwe kpatara na-eme ka ụkọ mmiri ozuzo ka njọ. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2022, Chile nọ n'ọnọdụ nke iri na isii n'ime narị na iri isii na anọ maka nrụgide mmiri n'ụwa dịka Mahadum Chile si kwuo. N'ọnwa Eprel 2022, Chile guzobere atụmatụ mmiri anọ; ọkwa nke abụọ gụnyere ọkwa ọha na eze, nke atọ ga-ebelata nrụgide mmiri na ọkwa kachasị njọ ga-agbanwe nkwụsị mmiri maka awa 24.

=== Ihe omume ndị a ma ama ===

* '''1985''' - Afọ mbụ n'oge a na Osimiri Petorca na-akpọnwụ dị ka Lorena Donaire nke Modatima si kwuo.
* '''2018''' - Laguna de Aculeo bụ ọdọ mmiri kpọrọ nkụ kemgbe 2018. Ịkpọ nkụ nke ọdọ mmiri ahụ bụ n'ihi mmiri ozuzo dị n'okpuru nkezi n'ime afọ iri gara aga nakwa n'ihi ọrụ mmadụ nke na-eme ka osimiri dị iche iche na-agbanye mmiri n'okpuru ala site na aquifers, nke abụọ ahụ jupụtara n'ọdọ mmiri ahụ.
* '''2020'''
** El Teniente mine na Andes na-emechi ụfọdụ ndị na-egwe ihe ya nyere ụkọ mmiri iji mee ka ha na-aga.
* '''2022'''
** Mmiri ahụ Embalse de Peñuela kpọrọ nkụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;iagua22&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |title=El embalse chileno de Peñuelas se seca mientras la histórica sequía entra en su 13º año |url=https://www.iagua.es/noticias/redaccion-iagua/embalse-chileno-penuelas-se-seca-mientras-historica-sequia-entra-13o-ano |date=2022-06-21 |access-date=2023-01-27 |work=iagua |language=Spanish |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230128231644/https://www.iagua.es/noticias/redaccion-iagua/embalse-chileno-penuelas-se-seca-mientras-historica-sequia-entra-13o-ano |archive-date=2023-01-28 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
** Maka oge mbụ n'akụkọ ihe mere eme, a mara ọkwa atụmatụ ịnye mmiri maka Santiago.
* '''2023'''
** Maka oge mbụ, Ministri Ọrụ Ugbo kwupụtara Magallanes Region, mpaghara kachasị n'ebe ndịda Chile, na &quot;ịdọ aka ná ntị ọrụ ugbo&quot; nke ụkọ mmiri ozuzo kpatara.   Ihe omume ndị na-eduga n'ọnọdụ a bụ afọ 2022 na 2021 nke nwere mmiri ozuzo dị ala.&lt;ref name=&quot;swiss23&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |title=Chile declara por primera vez alerta por sequía en la austral Magallanes |url=https://www.swissinfo.ch/spa/chile-sequ%C3%ADa_chile-declara-por-primera-vez-alerta-por-sequ%C3%ADa-en-la-austral-magallanes/48203518 |date=2023-01-13 |access-date=2023-01-27 |work=[[Swissinfo]] |language=Spanish}}&lt;/ref&gt; 2021 karịsịa bụ afọ nke anọ kachasị akọrọ kemgbe ndekọ ihu igwe malitere.&lt;ref name=&quot;swiss23&quot; /&gt;
** Enweghị ike nke Osimiri Maipo ịgafe ọnụ ya na-esote oke mmiri ozuzo na Jenụwarị 2023 ka a na-ekwu na ọ bụ ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ala nke mmiri na-abanye n'elu mmiri kpatara.  

== Hụkwa ==

* Oké ọkọchị na Chile
* Oké Oké Oké Ozuzo nke 1968

== Edensibịa ==
{{Reflist}}

&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt; 
[[Otú:All articles with unsourced statements]]</text>
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'''[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/SafariScribe|action=edit}} Voice your opinion]'''
'''(0/0/0); Scheduled to end 17:14, [[25 Septemba]] [[2026]] (UTC)'''

{{User|USERNAME}} - Aha m bụ SafariScribe. A chọrọ m ịbụ admin n'ihi na odi nnukwu mkpa tụmadi oge ugbua ufọdụ ihe kwesịrị ka edozie; Ihe ndị ahụ kwesịrị ka-edozie dika iwepu ịhụ akwukwo (deletion), na ndị ọzọ abụghị ihe onye na enweghị ya bu akara ga emenwu. Ana m ede ma na edezikwa otutu ibe (pages) na Wikipedia a. Ọrụ admin a ga enyere m aka idozi templeeti ma Ihe ndị ọzọ kwesịrị na aga edozi. Nke a bụ ugboro abụọ m. Daalụ![[Ojiarụ:SafariScribe|SafariScribe]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:SafariScribe|ṅkátá]]) 17:14, 18 Septemba 2026 (UTC)
====Questions for candidate====
Dear candidate, thank you for offering to serve Wikipedia as an administrator. You may wish to answer the following &lt;u&gt;optional&lt;/u&gt; questions to provide guidance for participants:
:'''1.''' What admin work do you intend to take part in?
::'''A:''' Ọrụ admin karịrị akari mànà nke mu na-arunye aka karịa bu nwepu otutu ibe na-enweghi isi okachasi ndị gbara abụọ. Ọzọkwa bụ idozi ihu Wikipedia Anyị a (main page), ịdezikwa ibe dika mụ si emebu.

:'''2.''' What are your best contributions to Wikipedia, and why?
::'''A:''' Ndezi ịhụ akwukwo na ntụgharị otutu ibe site na Wikipedia asụsụ bekee.

:'''3.''' Have you been in any conflicts over editing in the past or have other users caused you stress? How have you dealt with it and how will you deal with it in the future?
::'''A:''' Oburu maka Wikipedia a, mba.

====Comments and Discussions====
* Links for USERNAME: {{usercheck-short|SafariScribe}}
----
'''Support, oppose, or abstain below this line:'''

Pinging some active community members @[[User:King ChristLike|King ChristLike]], @[[User:Olugold|Olugold]], @[[User:Oby Ezeilo|Oby Ezeilo]], @[[User:Lucy Iwuala|Lucy Iwuala]], @[[User:Vivian Amalachukwu|Vivian Amalachukwu]], @[[User:Tochiprecious|Tochiprecious]] because it appears this request has not been transcluded at [[Wikipedia:Requests for adminship]]. Please make sure there's a discussion among your community given that the admin candidate is indefinitely blocked on English Wikipedia for undisclosed paid editing per [[:en:Special:PermaLink/1364851174#Potential mass improper AfC acceptances]]. --[[Ojiarụ:Johannnes89|Johannnes89]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Johannnes89|ṅkátá]]) 20:58, 3 Ọktoba 2026 (UTC)
* Comment: Also noting that this user didn't have a successful RfA to gain community support before being granted the current admin flag they presently have which expires October 5th. [[Ojiarụ:King ChristLike|King ChristLike]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:King ChristLike|ṅkátá]]) 06:37, 4 Ọktoba 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>h1wis4ig2d7924qzbe69colbjxx5o3q</sha1>
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'''[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/SafariScribe|action=edit}} Voice your opinion]'''
'''(0/0/0); Scheduled to end 17:14, [[25 Septemba]] [[2026]] (UTC)'''

{{User|USERNAME}} - Aha m bụ SafariScribe. A chọrọ m ịbụ admin n'ihi na odi nnukwu mkpa tụmadi oge ugbua ufọdụ ihe kwesịrị ka edozie; Ihe ndị ahụ kwesịrị ka-edozie dika iwepu ịhụ akwukwo (deletion), na ndị ọzọ abụghị ihe onye na enweghị ya bu akara ga emenwu. Ana m ede ma na edezikwa otutu ibe (pages) na Wikipedia a. Ọrụ admin a ga enyere m aka idozi templeeti ma Ihe ndị ọzọ kwesịrị na aga edozi. Nke a bụ ugboro abụọ m. Daalụ![[Ojiarụ:SafariScribe|SafariScribe]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:SafariScribe|ṅkátá]]) 17:14, 18 Septemba 2026 (UTC)
====Questions for candidate====
Dear candidate, thank you for offering to serve Wikipedia as an administrator. You may wish to answer the following &lt;u&gt;optional&lt;/u&gt; questions to provide guidance for participants:
:'''1.''' What admin work do you intend to take part in?
::'''A:''' Ọrụ admin karịrị akari mànà nke mu na-arunye aka karịa bu nwepu otutu ibe na-enweghi isi okachasi ndị gbara abụọ. Ọzọkwa bụ idozi ihu Wikipedia Anyị a (main page), ịdezikwa ibe dika mụ si emebu.

:'''2.''' What are your best contributions to Wikipedia, and why?
::'''A:''' Ndezi ịhụ akwukwo na ntụgharị otutu ibe site na Wikipedia asụsụ bekee.

:'''3.''' Have you been in any conflicts over editing in the past or have other users caused you stress? How have you dealt with it and how will you deal with it in the future?
::'''A:''' Oburu maka Wikipedia a, mba.

====Comments and Discussions====
* Links for USERNAME: {{usercheck-short|SafariScribe}}
----
'''Support, oppose, or abstain below this line:'''

Pinging some active community members @[[User:King ChristLike|King ChristLike]], @[[User:Olugold|Olugold]], @[[User:Oby Ezeilo|Oby Ezeilo]], @[[User:Lucy Iwuala|Lucy Iwuala]], @[[User:Vivian Amalachukwu|Vivian Amalachukwu]], @[[User:Tochiprecious|Tochiprecious]] because it appears this request has not been transcluded at [[Wikipedia:Requests for adminship]]. Please make sure there's a discussion among your community given that the admin candidate is indefinitely blocked on English Wikipedia for undisclosed paid editing per [[:en:Special:PermaLink/1364851174#Potential mass improper AfC acceptances]]. --[[Ojiarụ:Johannnes89|Johannnes89]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Johannnes89|ṅkátá]]) 20:58, 3 Ọktoba 2026 (UTC)
* Comment: Also noting that this user didn't have a successful RfA to gain community support before being granted the current admin flag they presently have which expires October 5th. [[Ojiarụ:King ChristLike|King ChristLike]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:King ChristLike|ṅkátá]]) 06:37, 4 Ọktoba 2026 (UTC)
*:@[[Ojiarụ:King ChristLike|King ChristLike]], this is really the case of having a fellow country man stab another. So, you didn't see the instructions? Where were you that you couldn't even vote then? Even when I was granted Sysop with no one to support/oppose, I made great changes which you saw. So then, why didn't you question how possible it was to get the right? Assuming Johannes didn't tag you guys, so you don't know when one is applying for admin herein? If I were to judge, what have you been doing, if not importing from enwiki? What are other admins here doing? How can't any draw up list of admins or even modify the RFA page? Indeed! [[Ojiarụ:SafariScribe|SafariScribe]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:SafariScribe|ṅkátá]]) 22:25, 4 Ọktoba 2026 (UTC)</text>
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'''[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/SafariScribe|action=edit}} Voice your opinion]'''
'''(0/0/0); Scheduled to end 17:14, [[25 Septemba]] [[2026]] (UTC)'''

{{User|USERNAME}} - Aha m bụ SafariScribe. A chọrọ m ịbụ admin n'ihi na odi nnukwu mkpa tụmadi oge ugbua ufọdụ ihe kwesịrị ka edozie; Ihe ndị ahụ kwesịrị ka-edozie dika iwepu ịhụ akwukwo (deletion), na ndị ọzọ abụghị ihe onye na enweghị ya bu akara ga emenwu. Ana m ede ma na edezikwa otutu ibe (pages) na Wikipedia a. Ọrụ admin a ga enyere m aka idozi templeeti ma Ihe ndị ọzọ kwesịrị na aga edozi. Nke a bụ ugboro abụọ m. Daalụ![[Ojiarụ:SafariScribe|SafariScribe]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:SafariScribe|ṅkátá]]) 17:14, 18 Septemba 2026 (UTC)
====Questions for candidate====
Dear candidate, thank you for offering to serve Wikipedia as an administrator. You may wish to answer the following &lt;u&gt;optional&lt;/u&gt; questions to provide guidance for participants:
:'''1.''' What admin work do you intend to take part in?
::'''A:''' Ọrụ admin karịrị akari mànà nke mu na-arunye aka karịa bu nwepu otutu ibe na-enweghi isi okachasi ndị gbara abụọ. Ọzọkwa bụ idozi ihu Wikipedia Anyị a (main page), ịdezikwa ibe dika mụ si emebu.

:'''2.''' What are your best contributions to Wikipedia, and why?
::'''A:''' Ndezi ịhụ akwukwo na ntụgharị otutu ibe site na Wikipedia asụsụ bekee.

:'''3.''' Have you been in any conflicts over editing in the past or have other users caused you stress? How have you dealt with it and how will you deal with it in the future?
::'''A:''' Oburu maka Wikipedia a, mba.

====Comments and Discussions====
* Links for USERNAME: {{usercheck-short|SafariScribe}}
----
'''Support, oppose, or abstain below this line:'''

Pinging some active community members @[[User:King ChristLike|King ChristLike]], @[[User:Olugold|Olugold]], @[[User:Oby Ezeilo|Oby Ezeilo]], @[[User:Lucy Iwuala|Lucy Iwuala]], @[[User:Vivian Amalachukwu|Vivian Amalachukwu]], @[[User:Tochiprecious|Tochiprecious]] because it appears this request has not been transcluded at [[Wikipedia:Requests for adminship]]. Please make sure there's a discussion among your community given that the admin candidate is indefinitely blocked on English Wikipedia for undisclosed paid editing per [[:en:Special:PermaLink/1364851174#Potential mass improper AfC acceptances]]. --[[Ojiarụ:Johannnes89|Johannnes89]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Johannnes89|ṅkátá]]) 20:58, 3 Ọktoba 2026 (UTC)
* Comment: Also noting that this user didn't have a successful RfA to gain community support before being granted the current admin flag they presently have which expires October 5th. [[Ojiarụ:King ChristLike|King ChristLike]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:King ChristLike|ṅkátá]]) 06:37, 4 Ọktoba 2026 (UTC)
*:@[[Ojiarụ:King ChristLike|King ChristLike]], &lt;s&gt;this is really the case of having a fellow country man stab another&lt;/s&gt;. So, you didn't see the instructions? Where were you that you couldn't even vote then? Even when I was granted Sysop with no one to support/oppose, I made great changes which you saw. So then, why didn't you question how possible it was to get the right? Assuming Johannes didn't tag you guys, so you don't know when one is applying for admin herein? If I were to judge, what have you been doing, if not importing from enwiki? What are other admins here doing? How can't any draw up list of admins or even modify the RFA page? Indeed! [[Ojiarụ:SafariScribe|SafariScribe]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:SafariScribe|ṅkátá]]) 22:25, 4 Ọktoba 2026 (UTC)</text>
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'''[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/SafariScribe|action=edit}} Voice your opinion]'''
'''(0/0/0); Scheduled to end 17:14, [[25 Septemba]] [[2026]] (UTC)'''

{{User|USERNAME}} - Aha m bụ SafariScribe. A chọrọ m ịbụ admin n'ihi na odi nnukwu mkpa tụmadi oge ugbua ufọdụ ihe kwesịrị ka edozie; Ihe ndị ahụ kwesịrị ka-edozie dika iwepu ịhụ akwukwo (deletion), na ndị ọzọ abụghị ihe onye na enweghị ya bu akara ga emenwu. Ana m ede ma na edezikwa otutu ibe (pages) na Wikipedia a. Ọrụ admin a ga enyere m aka idozi templeeti ma Ihe ndị ọzọ kwesịrị na aga edozi. Nke a bụ ugboro abụọ m. Daalụ![[Ojiarụ:SafariScribe|SafariScribe]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:SafariScribe|ṅkátá]]) 17:14, 18 Septemba 2026 (UTC)
====Questions for candidate====
Dear candidate, thank you for offering to serve Wikipedia as an administrator. You may wish to answer the following &lt;u&gt;optional&lt;/u&gt; questions to provide guidance for participants:
:'''1.''' What admin work do you intend to take part in?
::'''A:''' Ọrụ admin karịrị akari mànà nke mu na-arunye aka karịa bu nwepu otutu ibe na-enweghi isi okachasi ndị gbara abụọ. Ọzọkwa bụ idozi ihu Wikipedia Anyị a (main page), ịdezikwa ibe dika mụ si emebu.

:'''2.''' What are your best contributions to Wikipedia, and why?
::'''A:''' Ndezi ịhụ akwukwo na ntụgharị otutu ibe site na Wikipedia asụsụ bekee.

:'''3.''' Have you been in any conflicts over editing in the past or have other users caused you stress? How have you dealt with it and how will you deal with it in the future?
::'''A:''' Oburu maka Wikipedia a, mba.

====Comments and Discussions====
* Links for USERNAME: {{usercheck-short|SafariScribe}}
----
'''Support, oppose, or abstain below this line:'''

Pinging some active community members @[[User:King ChristLike|King ChristLike]], @[[User:Olugold|Olugold]], @[[User:Oby Ezeilo|Oby Ezeilo]], @[[User:Lucy Iwuala|Lucy Iwuala]], @[[User:Vivian Amalachukwu|Vivian Amalachukwu]], @[[User:Tochiprecious|Tochiprecious]] because it appears this request has not been transcluded at [[Wikipedia:Requests for adminship]]. Please make sure there's a discussion among your community given that the admin candidate is indefinitely blocked on English Wikipedia for undisclosed paid editing per [[:en:Special:PermaLink/1364851174#Potential mass improper AfC acceptances]]. --[[Ojiarụ:Johannnes89|Johannnes89]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Johannnes89|ṅkátá]]) 20:58, 3 Ọktoba 2026 (UTC)
* Comment: Also noting that this user didn't have a successful RfA to gain community support before being granted the current admin flag they presently have which expires October 5th. [[Ojiarụ:King ChristLike|King ChristLike]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:King ChristLike|ṅkátá]]) 06:37, 4 Ọktoba 2026 (UTC)
*:@[[Ojiarụ:King ChristLike|King ChristLike]], &lt;s&gt;this is really the case of having a fellow country man stab another&lt;/s&gt;. So, you didn't see the instructions? Where were you that you couldn't even vote then? Even when I was granted Sysop with no one to support/oppose, I made great changes which you saw. So then, why didn't you question how possible it was to get the right? Assuming Johannes didn't tag you guys, so you don't know when one is applying for admin herein? If I were to judge, what have you been doing, if not importing from enwiki? What are other admins here doing? How can't any draw up list of admins or even modify the RFA page? Indeed! [[Ojiarụ:SafariScribe|SafariScribe]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:SafariScribe|ṅkátá]]) 22:25, 4 Ọktoba 2026 (UTC)
*::This is nothing about backstabbing. There are already established processes and you know them.  Yes, we need more admins on the wiki. But if any or every other user decides to have admin rights without consensus from the community, what then becomes of the wiki? I was away for a while and couldn’t support/oppose your RFA, doesn’t mean that other editors couldn’t. 
*::Also, I find your comment about the activities of other admins on here demeaning and rather unnecessary. [[Ojiarụ:King ChristLike|King ChristLike]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:King ChristLike|ṅkátá]]) 02:06, 5 Ọktoba 2026 (UTC)</text>
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'''''Malika Dumran''''' (Tamazight) bụ onye na-agụ egwú Algeria nke a maara maka onyinye ya na Egwú Berber na nkwado ya maka ikike ụmụ nwanyị na ọdịbendị.

== Ndụ ==
A mụrụ Domrane na Tizi Hibel, obodo dị na obodo Aït Mahmoud na Kabylia, [[Algeria]]. Ọ malitere ịbụ abụ mgbe ọ dị obere, na-ekere òkè na ukwe ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị ya na Tizi Ouzou.&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;

N'afọ 1969, o ritere ihe nrite ọla edo na emume Algeria.Mgbe ọ gụchara akwụkwọ dị ka nọọsụ, ọ malitere ịrụ ọrụ n'ụlọ ọgwụ, mana n'oge na-adịghị anya, o kpebiri itinye uche ya n'ọrụ ịbụ abụ, n'agbanyeghị omenala ezinụlọ na obodo ya.

N'afọ 1979, ọ gara France iji wepụta abọm mbụ ya, ''Tsuha,'' nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma mbụ ya.  O mechara bipụta ọtụtụ albọm, nke nwere abụ ndị e gosipụtara site na ọdịbendị ụmụ nwanyị na ihe asụsụ ndị Berber chọrọ. Site na 1994, o kpebiri ibi na France na ezinụlọ ya.

== Albọm ==

* ''Tsuha'' (1979) 
* ''Thayriw Themouth'' (1981) 
* NostAlgérie (1998, Arcade Records: 59 '38') 
* ''Asaru'' (2001) (Blue Silver Records) 

== Edensibịa ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt; {{Authority control}}
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    <title>Rebecca Dallis</title>
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'''Rebecca Dallis''' (Disemba 21, 1896 - Febụwarị 13, 1971) bụ onye Amerịka na-akụzi ihe ma na-akwado agụmakwụkwọ ụmụaka Afrịka Amerịka.

== Akụkọ ndụ ==
A mụrụ Rebecca Huey na Disemba 21, 1896, na Connersville, Indiana .  Dallis lụrụ William Curtis Dallis na 1923. N'afọ 1924, ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Swift Memorial Kọleji na Ndị Bachelor nke Arts na Nkuzi praịmarị . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rebecca Dallis |url=https://www.azwhf.org/copy-of-mary-russell-ferrell-colton-2 |access-date=2024-09-10 |website=AWHF |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250321034024/https://www.azwhf.org/copy-of-mary-russell-ferrell-colton-2 |archive-date=2025-03-21 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 1929, ya na di ya kwagara na Phoenix, ebe ọ na-arụ ọrụ n'ụlọ olili ozu. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 1932, ọ bụ onye nkuzi na Mobile, Arizona, obodo ndị Afrịka Amerịka.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;  .&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Cleere |first=Jan |date=2012 |title=LEGACIES OF THE PAST:HISTORIC WOMEN OF ARIZONA |url= |journal=Arizona Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies |volume=1 |pages=89–105}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị Afrịka Amerịka mbụ nwetara nzere masta n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ.

N'afọ 1935, obodo Casa Grande rụrụ ụlọ akwụkwọ dị iche, nke kewara ekewa maka ụmụ ndị ọrụ owuwe ihe ubi nke Afrịka Amerịka na-akwaga n'obodo ahụ. N'afọ 1939, Dallis ghọrọ onye nkuzi nke Southside Colored Grammar School. Ọ kụziri n'etiti ụmụ akwụkwọ iri anọ na iri asaa n'etiti ụlọ akwụkwọ ọta akara na klas nke asatọ, maka otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ nke ụgwọ ọrụ nke ndị nkuzi ọcha na ọnọdụ dara ogbenye. Ọ kụziri akụ na ụba ụlọ n'ụlọ nke ya, n'ihi enweghị ụlọ akwụkwọ maka isiokwu ahụ. Dallis na di ya kwadokwara ụmụ akwụkwọ mgbe ha gụsịrị klas nke asatọ, na-akụziri ha site na veranda ihu ya iji jide n'aka na ha nwere ike ịga ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị ma banye na kọleji. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;  Mgbe ọ mụtara na ụmụ akwụkwọ kwesịrị ịmara Spanish iji debanye aha na kọleji, o nyere iwu ka e nwee akwụkwọ ozi ma mụta ya na ụmụ akwụkwọ ya.

Dallis na di ya kụzikwaara na Stanfield, Arizona, ebe a gụrụ ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ aha nna ya, William Huey. W.C. Dallis gara n'ihu na-akụzi ebe ahụ mgbe ọ malitere ịkụzi na Southside Colored School, mesịa bụrụ onye isi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rebecca Dallis (b. 1896, d. 1971) |url=https://www.casagrandemainstreet.org/media/attachments/2021/04/22/dallis.pdf |access-date=September 9, 2024 |website=Casa Grande Main Street}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last1=Snell |first1=Dawn |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-OvBCQAAQBAJ&amp;dq=rebecca+dallis+arizona&amp;pg=PA82 |title=Casa Grande |last2=Society |first2=Casa Grande Valley Historical |date=2011-11-28 |publisher=Arcadia Publishing |isbn=978-1-4396-4982-4 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dallis kụzikwaara ụmụaka piano na Casa Grande ma kpọọ piano na agbamakwụkwọ na olili ozu.

N'afọ 1952, Casa Grande wuru ụlọ akwụkwọ dị iche iche buru ibu, East School .  A họpụtara Dallis ka ọ bụrụ onye isi nkuzi n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ọhụrụ ahụ.

N'ịhụ ọrụ Dallis na obere ihe onwunwe, nwanyị ọcha na-arụ ọrụ ugbo na nwanyị na-agba klọb, Louise Henness, malitere ịkwado njikọta. N'afọ 1960, mgbe e wepụrụ nkewa, a họpụtara Dallis ka ọ bụrụ onye isi ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ. E mere ka Dallis laa ezumike nká na 1962 n'ihi ntuziaka ezumike nkwe iwu, ọ bụ ezie na ọ nwere ike ịga n'ihu na-akụzi na Stanfield. N'ịghọta mkpa nkwado maka ezinụlọ nwere ụmụaka nwere mkpa pụrụ iche, Dallis gara Mahadum Arizona State iji mụọ ihe gbasara isiokwu ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Dallis sonyeere ndị ọrụ nke Trinity Southern Baptist Church's Spero School iji nyere ụmụaka nwere nkwarụ aka.  &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Dallis nwụrụ na Febụwarị 13, 1971. 

== Ihe Nketa ==
N'afọ 1992, e weghachiri Southside Colored School, ebe Dallis kụziri, e bufere ya n'ogige Casa Grande Valley Historical Society na Museum ma gbanwee aha ya ka ọ bụrụ Rebecca Dallis Schoolhouse.

A kpọrọ Dallis otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị ama ama na Arizona nke a na-asọpụrụ na ọrụ akụkọ ihe mere eme &quot;Making a Difference: Arizona Women Building Communities, 1900-1980.&quot;

N'afọ 2017, a nabatara Dallis n'ime Ụlọ Nzukọ Ndị Inyom nke Arizona . 

== Edensibịa ==
&lt;references /&gt;
{{Arizona Women's Hall of Fame}}
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      <text bytes="13310" sha1="geffnzjf0pszbraymbjj9fqufck0s6u" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Flag_of_Nigeria.svg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|179x179px|Flag nke Naịjirịa]]
[[File:LocationNigeria.svg|thumb|Ebe [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]] dị]]


Ndị Naijiria nwere akụkọ ihe mere eme sara mbara, ihe akaebe e gwupụtara n'ala na-egosi na ebe obibi mmadụ n'ógbè ahụ malitere ma ọ dịkarịa ala 9000 BC. A na-eche na mpaghara Benue-Cross River bụ ala nna mbụ nke Ndị Bantu na-akwaga mba ọzọ na-agbasa n'ọtụtụ etiti na ndịda Afrịka n'etiti puku afọ nke mbụ BC na puku afọ nke abụọ.

Naịjirịa bụ mba kacha nwee ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ n'[[Afrịka]] na mba nke asatọ kacha nwee ọnụnọ n'ụwa nke nwere ihe karịrị nde mmadụ 140. E depụtara mba ahụ n'etiti akụ na ụba &quot;Next Eleven&quot;, ọ bụkwa otu n'ime ndị na-eto ngwa ngwa n'ụwa na International Monetary Fund na-atụle uto nke 9% na 2008 na 8.3% na 2009  .:

A na-enye ndepụta na-esonụ dị ka nkọwa zuru ezu na ntuziaka isiokwu na Naịjirịa

== Steeti dị na Naijiria ==
E nwere steeti iri atọ na isii na Naịjirịa nke gụnyere ndị a

* Abia
* Adamawa
* Akwa ibom
* Anambra
* Bauchi
* Bayelsa
* Ezigbo
* Borno
* Osimiri gafere
* Delta
* Ebonyi
* Edo
* Ekiti
* Egugun
* Gombe
* Imo
* Jigawa
* Kaduna
* Kano
* Kastina
* Kebi
* Kogi
* Kwara
* Ọdọ Mmiri
* Nasarawa
* Niger
* Ogun
* Ondo
* Osun
* Oyo
* Mgbaghara
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Template:TOC limit/styles.css&quot; /&gt; 
[[File:Nigeria-CIA_WFB_Map.png|thumb|Map nke [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]] nwere ike ịgbasawanye]]

* Nkwupụta: /naɪˈdʒɪəriə/
* Aha mba Bekee a na-ahụkarị: [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]]
* Aha mba Bekee: Federal Republic of Nigeria[[Naijiria|Federal Republic nke Naịjirịa]]
* aha nna a na-ahụkarị: 
* Aha ndị ọrụ gọọmentị: 
* Adjective (s): Naijiria[[Ndị Naijiria|Onye Naijiria]]
* Ndị mmụọ ọjọọ: Ndị Naijiria
* [[ISO 3166-1|Koodu mba ISO]]: NG, NGA, 566
* Koodu mpaghara ISO: Lee ISO 3166-2:NG
* Koodu mba [[Intanet|Ịntanetị]] ngalaba dị elu: .ng

== Ọnọdụ ala nke Naịjirịa ==
[[File:Nigeria_Topography.png|thumb|Map nke [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]] nwere ike ịbawanye]]
[[Geography of Nigeria|Ọnọdụ ala nke Naịjirịa]]

* Naịjirịa bụ: mba
* Ndị bi na Naịjirịa: 148,093,000 - Mba nke asatọ kacha nwee ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ
* Mpaghara nke Naịjirịa: 9&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;,768 km2&amp;nbsp;
* [[c:Atlas of Nigeria|Atlas nke Naịjirịa]]

=== Ebe ===

* Naịjirịa dị n'ime mpaghara ndị a:
** Ebe Ugwu na Ebe Ọwụwa AnyanwụEbe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Ụwa
** [[Afrịka]]
*** Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ Afrịka
* [[Time zone|Oge]] mpaghara: Oge West Africa (UTC+01) 
* Ebe ndị dị oke egwu na Naịjirịa
** Elu: Chappal Waddi 2,419   
** Ala: Lagos Island -0.2 m (-1  
* Ókèala ala: 4,047 kilomita&amp;nbsp;

:: 1,690 kilomita 
:: 1,497 kilomita 
:: 773 kilomita 
:: 87 kilomita 
:* Akụkụ osimiri: [[Gulf of Guinea|Ọwara Oké Osimiri Guinea]] 853 kilomita

[[File:Nigeria_BMNG.png|thumb|Foto Satellite nke [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]]]]

* [[Ihu igwe na mpaghara Naijiria|Ọnọdụ ihu igwe nke Naịjirịa]]
* [[Ihe gbasara gburugburu ebe obibi na Niger Delta|Nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi na Naịjirịa]]
* [[List of ecoregions in Nigeria|Ecoregions na Naịjirịa]]
* Ike na-agbanwe agbanwe na Naịjirịa
* Ebe ndị a na-echebe na Naịjirịa
** Ogige ntụrụndụ nke Naịjirịa
* [[Ndụ anụ ọhịa nke Naijiria|Anụ ọhịa nke Naịjirịa]]
** Anụmanụ nke Naịjirịa
*** Nnụnụ nke Naịjirịa
*** Anụ na-enye nwa ara nke Naijiria

==== Ihe ndị e kere eke nke Naịjirịa ====

* Glaciers na Naịjirịa: ọ dịghị 
* Agwaetiti nke Naịjirịa
* Ugwu nke Naịjirịa
** [[Ala Dị larịị nke Biu|Ugwu ndị na-agbọpụta ọkụ na Naịjirịa]]
* [[Ndepụta osimiri Nigeria|Osimiri Naịjirịa]]

Olumirin Water Falls, Erin Ijesa, Oriade Local Government Area, Osun State.

* Ebe Ihe Nketa Ụwa na Naịjirịa

=== Mpaghara nke Naịjirịa ===
[[Regions of Nigeria|Mpaghara nke Naịjirịa]]

==== Ecoregions nke Naịjirịa ====
[[List of ecoregions in Nigeria|Ndepụta nke ecoregions na Naịjirịa]]

* [[List of ecoregions in Nigeria|Ecoregions na Naịjirịa]]

==== Nkewa nchịkwa nke Naịjirịa ====

===== Obodo nta nke Naịjirịa =====

* Isi obodo Naịjirịa: Abuja na isi obodo mbụ Lagos
* Obodo ndị dị na Naịjirịa
* Obodo nta nke Naịjirịa

=== Ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ nke Naịjirịa ===
Ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ nke Naịjirịa

== Gọọmentị na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke Naịjirịa ==
[[Ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke Nigeria|ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke Naịjirịa]]

* Ụdị ọchịchị: onye nnọchi anya onye isi ala nke gọọmentị etitimba
* Isi obodo Naịjirịa: [[Abuja]]
* Nhọrọ na Naịjirịa
* Òtù ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na Naịjirịa

=== Alaka gọọmentị Naịjirịa ===
[[Ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke Nigeria|Gọọmentị Naịjirịa]]

==== Ngalaba na-achị isi nke gọọmentị Naịjirịa ====

* Onye isi ala na onye isi ọchịchị: [[Onyeisi ọchịchị nke Naijiria|Onye isi ala Naijiria]], [[Bola Tinubu]]
* Kọmitii nke Naịjirịa

==== Ngalaba iwu nke gọọmentị Naịjirịa ====

* Nzukọ omebe iwu nke Naịjirịa (nke nwere ụlọ abụọ) 
** Ụlọ elu: Senate nke Naịjirịa
** Ụlọ nke ala: Ụlọ ndị nnọchi anya Naịjirịa

==== Ngalaba ikpe nke gọọmentị Naịjirịa ====
Usoro ụlọ ikpe nke Naịjirịa

* Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke Naịjirịa

=== Mmekọrịta mba ọzọ nke Naịjirịa ===
[[Foreign relations of Nigeria|Mmekọrịta mba ọzọ nke Naịjirịa]]

* Ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na Naijiria
* Ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke Naijiria

==== Ndị otu mba ụwa ====
Federal Republic of Nigeria bụ onye otu: &lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Col-begin/styles.css&quot; /&gt; 

=== Iwu na usoro na Naịjirịa ===
Iwu Naịjirịa

* Cannabis na Naịjirịa
* [[Iwu Naịjirịa]]
* Mpụ na Naịjirịa
* Ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ na Naịjirịa
** [[Ikike LGBTQ na Naịjirịa|Ikike LGBT na Naịjirịa]]
* Mmetụta iwu na Naịjirịa

=== Ndị agha nke Naịjirịa ===
[[Nigerian Armed Forces|Ndị agha nke Naịjirịa]]

* Iwu
** Onye isi ndị agha:
*** Ministri na-ahụ maka nchekwa nke Naịjirịa
* Ike
** [[Nigerian Armed Forces|Ndị agha Naịjirịa]]
** [[Nigerian Armed Forces|Ụgbọ mmiri nke Naịjirịa]]
** Ndị agha ụgbọelu nke Naịjirịa
* [[Nigerian Armed Forces|Akụkọ agha nke Naịjirịa]]

=== Gọọmentị ime obodo na Naịjirịa ===
Gọọmentị ime obodo na Naịjirịa njirimara nke gọọmentị ime ụlọ na Naịjarịa

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Naịjirịa ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Hatnote/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt; 

=== Akụkọ ihe mere eme site n'oge ===

* Tupu afọ 1500
* 1500 ruo 1800
* Oge ọchịchị ndị ọchịchị na-achị
* Mba Naịjirịa Mbụ (1963 ruo 1966) 
* [[Mba Naịjirịa nke Abụọ]] (1979 ruo 1983) 
* Mba Naịjirịa nke Atọ (1993) 
* Republic nke anọ nke Naịjirịa (1999 ruo ugbu a) 

=== Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Naịjirịa site na mpaghara ===

* Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Northern Nigeria

=== Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Naịjirịa site na isiokwu ===

* Akụkọ akụ na ụba nke Naịjirịa
* [[Nigerian Armed Forces|Akụkọ agha nke Naịjirịa]]

== Omenala nke Naijiria ==
Omenala nke Naijiria

* [[Ihe owuwu nke Naịjirịa]]
* [[Ọchịchị Naijiria|Ọchịchị Naịjirịa]]
* [[Nri Naijiria|Nri nke Naịjirịa]]
* Ememme na Naịjirịa
* Asụsụ Naịjirịa
* Mgbasa ozi na Naịjirịa
* Ebe ndebe ihe ochie na Naijiria
* Ihe nnọchianya mba Naịjirịa
** Akara agha nke Naịjirịa
** Flag nke Naịjirịa
** Abụ mba nke Naịjirịa
* [[Ndị Naijiria|Ndị Naịjirịa]]
* Ịgba akwụna na Naịjirịa
* Ezumike ọha na eze na Naijiria
* [[Religion in Nigeria|Okpukpe na Naịjirịa]]
** [[Christianity in Nigeria|Iso Ụzọ Kraịst na Naijiria]]
** [[Hinduism in Nigeria|Okpukpe Hindu na Naijiria]]
** Alakụba na Naijiria
* Ọnọdụ ọha na eze na Naijiria
* Ebe Ihe Nketa Ụwa na Naịjirịa

=== Ihe osise na Naịjirịa ===

* [[Ihe nkiri nke Naịjirịa]]
* [[Ihe ngosi nke Naijiria|Heraldry na Naịjirịa]]
* Akwụkwọ edemede nke Naijiria
* Egwú nke Naijiria
* Egwuregwu vidio na Naijiria

=== Egwuregwu na Naịjirịa ===
Egwuregwu na Naịjirịa

* Egwuregwu bọọlụ na Naijiria
* Naịjirịa n'egwuregwu Olimpik

== Akụ na ụba na akụrụngwa nke Naịjirịa ==
Ọnọdụ akụ na ụba nke Naịjirịa

* Ọnọdụ akụ na ụba, site na GDP (2007): nke 41 (nke iri anọ na otu) 
* [[Ọrụ ugbo na Naịjirịa]]
* Ụlọ akụ na Naịjirịa
* Nkwurịta okwu na Naịjirịa
** Ịntanetị na Naịjirịa
* Ụlọ ọrụ Naịjirịa
* Ego nke Naijiria: Naira
** ISO 4217: NGN
* Akụkọ akụ na ụba nke Naịjirịa
* Ike na Naịjirịa
** [[Ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ ala na Naijiria|Ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ na Naịjirịa]]
* [[Ahụike na Naịjirịa|Nlekọta ahụike na Naịjirịa]]
* [[Ụlọ ọrụ na-egwupụta ihe n'ala na Naịjirịa|Ịchụ ala na Naijiria]]
* Ụlọ Ahịa Naịjirịa
* [[Njem na Naịjirịa]]
* Njem na Naịjirịa
** Ụgbọelu na Naịjirịa
** Ụgbọ okporo ígwè na Naịjirịa
* [[Water supply and sanitation in Nigeria|Mmiri na ịdị ọcha na Naịjirịa]]

== Agụmakwụkwọ na Naijiria ==
Agụmakwụkwọ na Naijiria

== Hụkwa ==
 

* Ndepụta nke mba ụwa
* Ndepụta isiokwu ndị metụtara Naịjirịa
* Mba so na Commonwealth of Nations
* Mba so na United Nations
* Nkọwa nke Africa
* Nchịkọta nke ala
{{Clear}}

== Ihe odide ==
[https://web.archive.org/web/20130502023949/http://www.medianigeria.com/21977/creation-of-more-states-wont-solve-nigerias-problems-catholic-church-warns/ Nke a bụ nsogbu nke na-esite na nnukwu ala nke Naịjirịa]
 

* '''“Nigeria”. The World Factbook. United States Central Intelligence Agency. July 2, 2009. Archived from the original on January 9, 2021. Retrieved July 23, 2009.'''  '''“Naịjirịa”. The World Factbook. Ụlọ Ọrụ Nledo nke United States (CIA). Julaị 2, 2009. E debere otu mbipụta ochie ya n’ebe nchekwa na Jenụwarị 9, 2021. E nwetara ozi a na Julaị 23, 2009.'''
* '''McIntosh, Susan Keech, Current directions in West African prehistory. Palo Alto, Calif.: Annual Reviews Inc., 1981. 215–258 p.: ill.'''  '''McIntosh, Susan Keech, “Ụzọ ọhụrụ na nchọpụta akụkọ ihe mere eme tupu e dee akwụkwọ n’Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ Afrịka.” Palo Alto, California: Annual Reviews Inc., 1981. Peeji 215–258: nwere ihe osise.'''
* '''IMF Survey: Nigeria Needs Sustained Reforms to Build on Success'''  '''Nnyocha IMF: Naịjirịa chọrọ mgbanwe na-aga n’ihu iji wulite n’elu ihe ịga nke ọma ya.'''
* '''allAfrica.com: Africa: IMF Forecasts 9 Percent Growth for Nigeria (Page 1 of 1)'''  '''allAfrica.com: Afrịka: IMF buru amụma uto pasent 9 maka Naịjirịa (Peeji 1 n’ime 1).'''
* '''The Punch: IMF predicts 9% GDP growth rate for Nigeria Archived 2011-05-11 at the Wayback Machine'''  '''The Punch: IMF buru amụma na GDP Naịjirịa ga-eto na pasent 9. E debere ya na Wayback Machine na Mee 11, 2011.'''
* '''Welcome to Independent Newspapers Limited – A voice of your own'''  '''Nnọọ na Independent Newspapers Limited – Olu nke gị.'''
* '''“Nigerian States”. www.worldstatesmen.org. Retrieved 2026-05-17.'''  '''“Steeti Naịjirịa”. www.worldstatesmen.org. E nwetara ozi a na Mee 17, 2026.'''
* '''The only glaciers in Africa are on Mt Kenya (in Kenya), on Kilimanjaro (in Tanzania), and in the Ruwenzori Mountains (which are located in Uganda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo). See Proceedings of the Riederalp Workshop, September 1978; Actes de l'Atelier de Riederalp, septembre 1978): IAHS-AISH Publ. no. 126, 1980.'''  '''Ugwu ice (glaciers) ndị dị n’Afrịka dị naanị n’Ugwu Kenya (na Kenya), na Kilimanjaro (na Tanzania), nakwa n’Ugwu Ruwenzori (nke dị na Uganda na Democratic Republic of the Congo). Lee Proceedings of the Riederalp Workshop, Septemba 1978; Actes de l’Atelier de Riederalp, Septembre 1978: IAHS-AISH Publication Nke 126, 1980.'''

== Njikọ mpụga ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Side box/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Sister project links/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt; 

Wikimedia Atlas nke Naịjirịa

; Gọọmentị

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20200515002448/https://www.nigeria-law.org/ConstitutionOfTheFederalRepublicOfNigeria.htm Iwu nke Federal Republic of Nigeria - 1999] E debere  Wayback Machine
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20081028212819/http://www.nigeria.gov.ng/nigeria/images/interactive_map.swf Map mmekọrịta nke Naịjirịa]

; Akụkọ

* Akwụkwọ akụkọ kwa ụbọchị
* Akwụkwọ akụkọ kwa ụbọchị nke [https://web.archive.org/web/20091208004525/http://www.thisdayonline.com/ Ụbọchị A]
{{Outline footer}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Nigeria}}
[[Otú:Ndetu Nigeria]]
[[Otú:Naijiria]]</text>
      <sha1>geffnzjf0pszbraymbjj9fqufck0s6u</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>AGhA Company</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>81138</id>
    <revision>
      <id>734890</id>
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        <username>Epohgx zoegbp</username>
        <id>66531</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>https://shufunews.com/abdel-nasser-abdel-fattah/</comment>
      <origin>734890</origin>
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'''AGhA Company''' Ọ bụ ụlọ ọrụ ndị [[Ijipùtù Ọkpụ]] na-ahụ maka ngwa ụlọ, nke [[onye ọchụnta ego]] bụ [[Abdelnasser Abdelfatah]] tọrọ ntọala na Jenụwarị ،1, 1995, ma bụrụkwa ụlọ ọrụ nne nke [[AGhA Group]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=اليوم |first=الخبر |date=2025-03-29 |title=A-Agha Company is one of the most prominent Egyptian companies. |url=https://alkhabrelyoum.com/13700 |access-date=2026-10-04 |website=الخبر اليوم |language=ar}}&lt;/ref&gt;


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  <page>
    <title>AGhA Group</title>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Epohgx zoegbp</username>
        <id>66531</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ịtọlite ​​ụlọ ọrụ</comment>
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      <text bytes="1235" sha1="scpja9na1gc2ogwykk99qrvlmaqshna" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
'''''AGhA Group''''' E guzobere ụlọ ọrụ a n'ụbọchị mbụ nke ọnwa Maachị, afọ 2013; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=GAMAL |first=ISLAM |date=2023-10-03 |title=AlAgha Group is the most prominent company in Egypt for the year 2024 - بوابة مشاهير العرب Sector: GeneralChairman of the Board of Directors:Abdelnasser AbdelfattahMarket value: $94 millionSales: $88 millionEarnings: $22 millionNumber of |url=https://mashaher.net/82620 |access-date=2026-10-04 |website=بوابة مشاهير العرب |language=ar}}&lt;/ref&gt;ọ bụ ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka injinịa, inweta akụrụngwa, na iwu ihe (nke a maara dị ka EPC), nke nwere isi ụlọ ọrụ ya na Cairo, [[Ịjịpt]], ma na-arụ ọrụ n'akụkụ imepụta igwe, ngwa ụlọ, na ngwa elektrọnik.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-12-19 |title=Al-Agha Group |url=https://shufunews.com/alagha-group-company/ |access-date=2026-10-04 |website=Shufu News |language=ar}}&lt;/ref&gt;na Onye isi oche nke Board of Directors, [[Abdelnasser Abdelfatah]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-12-17 |title=Abdel Nasser Abdel Fattah |url=https://shufunews.com/abdel-nasser-abdel-fattah/ |access-date=2026-10-04 |website=Shufu News |language=ar}}&lt;/ref&gt;

{{stub}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Onye ọchụnta ego</title>
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        <username>Epohgx zoegbp</username>
        <id>66531</id>
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      <comment>Ịmepụta ibe maka onye ọchụnta ego</comment>
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'''Onye ọchụnta ego'''  Onye ọchụnta ego bụ onye guzobere, nwe, ma ọ bụ nwee oke n'ụlọ ọrụ nkeonwe (gụnyere dị ka onye na-etinye ego na mmalite azụmahịa). Ndị dị otú ahụ na-arụ ọrụ azụmahịa ma ọ bụ nke mmepụta ihe iji nweta ego na uru, site n'iji akụrụngwa dị iche iche—dị ka ndị ọrụ, ego, ihe ọmụma, na akụrụngwa anụ ahụ—kwalite mmepe na uto akụ na ụba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2026-09-28 |title=Definition of BUSINESSWOMAN |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/businesswoman |access-date=2026-10-04 |website=www.merriam-webster.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

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  <page>
    <title>Koo In-hwoi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Epohgx zoegbp</username>
        <id>66531</id>
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      <comment>Onye ọchụnta ego si Korea</comment>
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'''Koo In-hwoi'''A mụrụ ya n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 1906, ọ wee nwụọ n'ụbọchị nke 31 n'ọnwa Disemba afọ 1969. Ọ bụ [[onye ọchụnta ego]] si South Korea, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Koo Family (LG) |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/koo-family-lg/ |access-date=2026-10-05 |website=Forbes |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;bụrụkwa otu n'ime ndị tọrọ ntọala [[LG]] Group, nke bụ otu n'ime nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ ndị buru ibu (nke a na-akpọ *chaebol*) na South [[Korea]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2016-02-10 |title=[Dynasty Korea’s corporate roots] LG Group’s founders pioneered industries |url=https://www.koreajoongangdaily.com/business/dynasty-koreas-corporate-roots-lg-groups-founders-pioneered-industries/11709128 |access-date=2026-10-05 |website=koreajoongangdaily |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

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        <id>66531</id>
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'''Koo In-hwoi'''A mụrụ ya n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 1906, ọ wee nwụọ n'ụbọchị nke 31 n'ọnwa Disemba afọ 1969. Ọ bụ [[onye ọchụnta ego]] si [[South Korea]], &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Koo Family (LG) |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/koo-family-lg/ |access-date=2026-10-05 |website=Forbes |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;bụrụkwa otu n'ime ndị tọrọ ntọala [[LG]] Group, nke bụ otu n'ime nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ ndị buru ibu (nke a na-akpọ *chaebol*) na South [[Korea]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2016-02-10 |title=[Dynasty Korea’s corporate roots] LG Group’s founders pioneered industries |url=https://www.koreajoongangdaily.com/business/dynasty-koreas-corporate-roots-lg-groups-founders-pioneered-industries/11709128 |access-date=2026-10-05 |website=koreajoongangdaily |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

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  <page>
    <title>LG</title>
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        <username>Epohgx zoegbp</username>
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      <comment>Jiri '{{databox}} '''LG''' Ụlọ ọrụ a (nke a makwaara dị ka LG Group ma ọ bụ naanị LG), nke a na-akpọbu Lucky-Goldstar, bụ nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ mba ụwa nke South [[Korea]] nke [[Koo In-hwoi]] guzobere n'afọ 1947, ma bụrụkwa nke ndị ezinụlọ ya na-elekọta kemgbe ahụ. Isi ụlọ ọrụ ya dị na LG Twin Towers na mpaghara Yeouido-dong, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=LG |url=https://www.lg.co.kr/lg.co.kr%20/%20www.lg.co.kr |access-date=2026-10-05 |we...' kere ihü</comment>
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'''LG''' Ụlọ ọrụ a (nke a makwaara dị ka LG Group ma ọ bụ naanị LG), nke a na-akpọbu Lucky-Goldstar, bụ nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ mba ụwa nke South [[Korea]] nke [[Koo In-hwoi]] guzobere n'afọ 1947, ma bụrụkwa nke ndị ezinụlọ ya na-elekọta kemgbe ahụ. Isi ụlọ ọrụ ya dị na LG Twin Towers na mpaghara Yeouido-dong, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=LG |url=https://www.lg.co.kr/lg.co.kr%20/%20www.lg.co.kr |access-date=2026-10-05 |website=www.lg.co.kr |language=ko}}&lt;/ref&gt;Yeongdeungpo District, n'obodo Seoul; ọ bụkwa ya bụ ụlọ ọrụ nke isii kachasị ukwuu na South Korea n'ihe gbasara ego ha nwetara n'afọ 2023. LG na-emepụta ma na-ere ngwaahịa dị iche iche gụnyere ngwa elektrọnik, kemịkalụ, ngwa ụlọ, na ngwaahịa nkwukọrịta. Ọ nwere ụlọ ọrụ ndị na-agba n'okpuru ya n'ihe karịrị mba 80, gụnyere LG Electronics, Zenith, LG Display, LG Uplus, LG Innotek, LG Chem, LG Energy Solution, na LG AI Research.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=LG Announces Fourth-Quarter and Full-Year 2024 Financial Results |url=https://lgcorp.com/media/release/lgcorp.com%20/%20www.lgcorp.com |access-date=2026-10-05 |website=lgcorp.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=에프앤가이드 상장기업분석 |url=http://comp.wisereport.co.kr/ |access-date=2026-10-05 |website=comp.wisereport.co.kr |language=ko}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{{stub}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>LG Electronics</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-10-05T03:59:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Epohgx zoegbp</username>
        <id>66531</id>
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      <comment>Ịtọlite ​​ụlọ ọrụ ndị Korea</comment>
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'''LG Electronics''' bụ ụlọ ọrụ mba ụwa nke [[South Korea]] nke na-ahụ maka ngwaọrụ ụlọ na ngwa eletrọnịkị ndị ahịa na-eji; isi ụlọ ọrụ ya dị na Yeouido-dong, [[Seoul]], South [[Korea]]. Ọ bụ akụkụ nke [[LG Corporation]]—nke bụ nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ jikọtara ọtụtụ ngalaba (nke a maara dị ka *chaebol*) nke anọ kachasị ukwuu na South Korea—a na-ewerekwa ya mgbe niile dị ka isi ụlọ ọrụ n'ime otu ahụ, ya na ngalaba ya na-ahụ maka kemịkalụ na batrị, bụ [[LG Chem]]. Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ nwere ngalaba azụmahịa anọ: Home Appliance Solutions (HS),&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Xoilac TV - Kênh trực tiếp bóng đá tối nay với muôn vàn tiện ích |url=https://lgnewsroom.com/ |access-date=2026-10-05 |website=lgnewsroom.com |language=vi}}&lt;/ref&gt; Media and Entertainment Solutions (MS), Vehicle Solutions (VS), na Environmental Solutions (ES).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=재무하이라이트 {{!}} 재무정보 {{!}} 투자자정보 {{!}} 회사소개 |url=https://www.lge.co.kr/company/investor/highlight |access-date=2026-10-05 |website=LG전자 |language=ko}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;nowiki&gt;{{stub}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>LG Chem</title>
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    <id>81144</id>
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      <id>734939</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-05T04:16:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Epohgx zoegbp</username>
        <id>66531</id>
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      <comment>Ịtọlite ​​ụlọ ọrụ ndị Korea</comment>
      <origin>734939</origin>
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A maara ya site na mkpụmkpụ aha bụ LG Chem, ọ bụkwa ụlọ ọrụ kemịkalụ kachasị ukwuu na Korea, nke nwere isi ụlọ ọrụ ya na [[Seoul]], [[South Korea]]. Ọ nọ n'ọkwa nke itoolu n'ụwa niile n'ihe gbasara ire ngwaahịa n'afọ 2021.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Tullo |first=Alexander H. |date=2025-01-21 |title=C&amp;EN’s Global Top 50 chemical firms for 2022 |url=https://cen.acs.org/business/finance/CENs-Global-Top-50-2022/100/i26 |access-date=2026-10-05 |website=Chemical &amp; Engineering News |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe e guzobere ya na mbụ dị ka Lucky Chemical Industrial Corporation, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ lekwasịrị anya n'ịmepụta ngwaahịa ịchọ mma. Ugbu a, ọ na-arụ ọrụ naanị n'akụkụ azụmahịa n'etiti ụlọ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ ibe ha (nke a maara dị ka B2B), mgbe e kewapụrụ ngalaba na-ahụ maka ngwaahịa ndị ahịa ya ka ọ bụrụ ụlọ ọrụ dị iche nke a na-akpọ [[LG Household]] &amp; Health Care.&lt;ref&gt;[https://electrek.co/2019/04/30/lg-chem-sues-sk-innovation-stealing-electric-car-battery-trade-secrets/]LG Chem&lt;/ref&gt;
{{stub}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Seoul</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>81145</id>
    <revision>
      <id>734940</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-05T04:27:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Epohgx zoegbp</username>
        <id>66531</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ịtọlite ​​ụlọ ọrụ ndị Korea</comment>
      <origin>734940</origin>
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'''Seoul'''—nke a maara n'ụzọ gọọmentị dị ka Seoul Special Metropolitan City—bụ isi obodo na obodo kachasị ukwuu na [[South Korea]], nakwa obodo kachasị ukwuu na mpaghara Korea niile. Mpaghara obodo ukwu Seoul—nke gụnyere Seoul, Mpaghara Gyeonggi, na Incheon—pụtara dị ka mpaghara akụ na ụba obodo ukwu nke isii kachasị ukwuu n'ụwa n'afọ 2022 (na-esote New York, [[Tokyo]], &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=KOSIS |url=https://kosis.kr/statHtml/statHtml.do?sso=ok&amp;returnurl=https://kosis.kr:443/statHtml/statHtml.do?conn_path=I2&amp;tblId=DT_1C86&amp;language=en&amp;orgId=101&amp; |access-date=2026-10-05 |website=kosis.kr}}&lt;/ref&gt;Los Angeles, Paris, na London), ọ bụkwa ebe ihe karịrị ọkara nke ndị bi na South Korea bi. Ọ bụ ezie na ọnụọgụ ndị bi na Seoul ruru ihe karịrị nde mmadụ iri n'oge gara aga, ọ na-ebelata nwayọọ nwayọọ kemgbe afọ 2014, wee ruo ihe dị ka nde mmadụ 9.6 n'afọ 2024.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Population of seoul korea {{!}} |url=https://english.seoul.go.kr/seoul-views/meaning-of-seoul/4-population/ |access-date=2026-10-05 |website=Official Website of the |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
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  <page>
    <title>South Korea</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>81146</id>
    <revision>
      <id>734945</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-05T05:06:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Epohgx zoegbp</username>
        <id>66531</id>
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      <comment>South Korea dị n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Eshia. Ọ na-eweghara ọkara ndịda nke ala Korean Peninsula ma na-ekerịta oke ala ya na North Korea site n'ókè a maara dị ka Korean Demilitarized Zone.</comment>
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'''South Korea''', nke a na-akpọ Republic of Korea (ROK), bụ mba dị na East Asia. Ọ dị n'akụkụ ndịda nke Peninsula Korea ma nwee ókèala North Korea n'ofe mpaghara [[Korea]] nke a na-anaghị alụ agha, yana Oké Osimiri Odo n'akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ na Oké Osimiri Japan n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ. South Korea na-ekwu na ọ bụ naanị gọọmentị ziri ezi nke peninshula dum na agwaetiti ndị dị ya nso. O nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ dị ihe dị ka nde 52—ọkara n'ime ha bi na Seoul Isi Obodo, mpaghara obodo ukwu nke itoolu kachasị ukwuu n'ụwa site na ọnụọgụgụ mmadụ—tinyere obodo ukwu ndị ọzọ dị mkpa dịka Busan, Daegu, na Incheon.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.law.go.kr/%EB%B2%95%EB%A0%B9/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%88%98%ED%99%94%EC%96%B8%EC%96%B4%EB%B2%95/(13978,20160203)]South Korea&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=경기도 과천시 관문로 위치. 전자민원, 준법 운동, 여성포럼, 인권 광장. |url=https://www.moj.go.kr/moj/2412/subview.do? |access-date=2026-10-05 |website=경기도 과천시 관문로 위치. 전자민원, 준법 운동, 여성포럼, 인권 광장. |language=ko}}&lt;/ref&gt;

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  <page>
    <title>North Korea</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>81147</id>
    <revision>
      <id>734952</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-05T05:32:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Epohgx zoegbp</username>
        <id>66531</id>
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      <comment>North Korea, nke aha gọọmentị ya bụ Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), bụ mba dị n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Eshia. Ọ gụnyere ọkara nke ugwu nke ala a na-akpọ Korean Peninsula, ọ na-ekerịtakwa oke ya na China na Russia n'akụkụ ugwu—site n'osimiri Yalu (Amnok) na Tumen—nakwa na South Korea (nke aha gọọmentị ya bụ Republic of Korea) n'akụkụ ndịda, site n'ógbè a na-akpọ Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ).</comment>
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'''North Korea''', nke a na-akpọ n'ụzọ gọọmentị Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), bụ mba dị n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Eshia. Ọ bi n'akụkụ ugwu nke ala Korean Peninsula, ma nwee oke ala ya na [[China]] na [[Mpaghara Russia|Russia]] n'akụkụ ugwu—site n'osimiri Yalu (Amnok) na Tumen—nakwa &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Spotlighting The World Factbook as We Bid a Fond Farewell - CIA |url=https://www.cia.gov/stories/story/spotlighting-the-world-factbook-as-we-bid-a-fond-farewell/ |access-date=2026-10-05 |website=www.cia.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt;،[[South Korea]] (nke a na-akpọ n'ụzọ gọọmentị Republic of Korea) n'akụkụ ndịda, n'akụkụ mpaghara Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ). Oké Osimiri Yellow (Yellow Sea) bụ oke ala ya n'akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ, ebe Oké Osimiri Japan ([[Sea of ​​Japan]]) bụ oke ala ya n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ. Pyongyang bụ isi obodo ya na obodo ya kachasị ukwuu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=North Korea |url=https://www.state.gov/reports/2020-report-on-international-religious-freedom/north-korea/ |access-date=2026-10-05 |website=United States Department of State |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

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    <title>Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Totom</title>
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      <comment>Nabata onye ohuru na Igbo Wikipedia! (bot)</comment>
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{{Nnọọ|username=Totom|bot=[[Ojiarụ:DolphybBot|DolphybBot]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:DolphybBot|ṅkátá]]) 06:00, 5 Ọktoba 2026 (UTC)}}</text>
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