Wikipedia igwiki https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ihu_mb%E1%BB%A5 MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.23 first-letter Midia Ọpụrụiche Ńkàtá Ojiarụ Ńkàtá ojiarụ Wikipedia Ńkàtá Wikipedia Faịlụ Ńkàtá faịlụ MidiaWiki Ńkàtá MidiaWiki Templeeti Ńkàtá templeeti Enyemaka Ńkàtá enyemaka Otú Ńkàtá otú Édēchághị́ Ńkàtá Édēchághị́ TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 5 1834 736902 735645 2026-10-09T09:28:48Z MediaWiki message delivery 4554 /* Wikidata Sitelink changes in Recent Changes and Watchlist */ nkeji ohúrù 736902 wikitext text/x-wiki Any Igbo translators for the Igbo Wikipedia? -- [[User:Stevey7788|Stevey7788]] 19:08, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC) ==[[Kurów]]== Could they please write a stub http://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kur%C3%B3w - just a few sentences based on http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kur%C3%B3w ? Only 2 -5 sentences enough. Please. [[:pl:User:Pietras1988|Pietras1988]] 18:13, 24 February 2006 (UTC) :I wrote a short stub for you. Be warned: my writing Igbo is horrendous as I've never studied syntax save in my head. -- [[User:Kerowren|Iken]] 22:53, 8 December 2006 (UTC) ==[[User:YonaBot]]== Could you guys indicate your acceptance so I could request the bot flag on meta? Thanks, [[User:Yonatan|Yonatan]] 22:15, 20 May 2007 (UTC) :A [[Wikipedia:Request_for_Bot_status|request for bot status]] page has just been created. Perhaps you can add a request (and what the bot will do) -- [[User:Kerowren|Iken]] 01:09, 21 May 2007 (UTC) == [[Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/Kerowren|Request for adminship]] == Hey, if you guys could take a look at this and nominate me, that would be great. Thanks. -- [[User:Kerowren|Kerowren]]&nbsp;^{([[User talk:Kerowren|talk]]&nbsp;'''·''' [[Special:Contributions/Kerowren|contribs]])} 00:35, 25 May 2007 (UTC) == Betawiki: better support for your language in MediaWiki == Dear community. I am writing to you to promote a special wiki called [http://nike.users.idler.fi/betawiki Betawiki]. This wiki facilitates the localisation (l10n) of the MediaWiki interface. You may have changed many messages here to use your language in the interface, but if you would log in to for example the English language Wiktionary, you would not be able to use the interface as well translated as here. Infact, of the 1798 messages in the core of MediaWiki, 0 messages have been translated. Betawiki also supports the translation of messages of almost 80 extensions, with about 1050 messages. If you wish to contribute to better support of your language in MediaWiki, as well as for many MediaWiki extensions, please visit [http://nike.users.idler.fi/betawiki/Translating:Intro Betawiki], [http://nike.users.idler.fi/dev/?title=Special:Userlogin&type=signup&uselang=en create an account] and [http://nike.users.idler.fi/betawiki/Betawiki:Rights request translator priviledges]. You can see the current status of localisation of your language on [[meta:Localization_statistics|meta]] and do not forget to get in touch with others that may already be [http://nike.users.idler.fi/betawiki/Translating:Languages working on your language on Betawiki]. If you have any further questions, [http://nike.users.idler.fi/betawiki/User_talk:Siebrand please let me know on my talk page on Betawiki]. We will try and assist you as much as possible, for example by importing all messages from a local wiki for you to start with, if you so desire. You can also find us on the Freenode [[w:en:Internet Relay Chat|IRC]] network in the channel #mediawiki-i18n where we would be happy to help you get started. Thank you very much for your attention and I do hope to see some of you on [http://nike.users.idler.fi/betawiki/Etusivu Betawiki] soon! Cheers! [http://nike.users.idler.fi/betawiki/User:Siebrand Siebrand@Betawiki] 15:15, 7 October 2007 (UTC) *Currently only 0.62% of the MediaWiki messages are translated. Please help us help your language by localising MediaWiki at [http://translatewiki.net betawiki]. There is currently a program that sponsors the localisation of MediaWiki for up to EUR 200,- (for details check out betawiki). [[User:GerardM|GerardM]] 07:52, 9 March 2008 (UTC) * Currently 0.66% of the MediaWiki messages and 0.00% of the messages of the extensions used by the Wikimedia Foundation projects have been localised. Please help us help your language by localising at [http://translatewiki.net Betawiki]. This is the [http://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&namespace=8&trailer=%2Fig recent localisation activity] for your language. There is a bounty program for the localisation of your language.. Please check the details at Betawiki. Thanks, [[User:GerardM|GerardM]] 21:34, 13 April 2008 (UTC) * Currently 0.57% of the MediaWiki messages and 0.00% of the messages of the extensions used by the Wikimedia Foundation projects have been localised. Please help us help your language by localising at [http://translatewiki.net Betawiki]. This is the [http://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&namespace=8&trailer=%2Fig recent localisation activity] for your language. There is a bounty program for the localisation of your language.. Please check the details at Betawiki. Thanks, [[User:GerardM|GerardM]] 10:12, 3 August 2008 (UTC) * Currently 0.54% of the MediaWiki messages and 0.00% of the messages of the extensions used by the Wikimedia Foundation projects have been localised. Please help us help your language by localising at [http://translatewiki.net Betawiki]. This is the [http://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&namespace=8&trailer=%2Fig recent localisation activity] for your language. There is a bounty program for the localisation of your language.. Please check the details at Betawiki. Thanks, [[User:GerardM|GerardM]] 19:29, 8 September 2008 (UTC) * Currently 0.52% of the MediaWiki messages and 0.00% of the messages of the extensions used by the Wikimedia Foundation projects have been localised. Please help us help your language by localising at [http://translatewiki.net Betawiki]. This is the [http://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&namespace=8&trailer=%2Fig recent localisation activity] for your language. There is a bounty program for the localisation of your language.. Please check the details at Betawiki. Thanks, [[User:GerardM|GerardM]] 12:31, 12 October 2008 (UTC) * Currently 0.52% of the MediaWiki messages and 0.00% of the messages of the extensions used by the Wikimedia Foundation projects have been localised. Please help us help your language by localising at [http://translatewiki.net Betawiki]. This is the [http://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&namespace=8&trailer=%2Fig recent localisation activity] for your language. There is a bounty program for the localisation of your language.. Please check the details at Betawiki. Thanks, [[User:GerardM|GerardM]] 10:43, 10 November 2008 (UTC) * Currently 0.51% of the MediaWiki messages and 0.00% of the messages of the extensions used by the Wikimedia Foundation projects have been localised. Please help us help your language by localising and proof reading at [[betawiki:Special:LanguageStats/{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}|Betawiki]]. This is the [[betawiki:Special:Special:RecentChanges&namespace=8&trailer=%2F{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}|recent localisation activity]] for your language. Thanks, [[User:GerardM|GerardM]] 14:22, 14 December 2008 (UTC) * Currently 0.51% of the MediaWiki messages and 0.00% of the messages of the extensions used by the Wikimedia Foundation projects have been localised. Please help us help your language by localising and proof reading at [[betawiki:Special:LanguageStats/{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}|Betawiki]]. This is the [http://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&translations=only&trailer=/{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}} recent localisation activity] for your language. Thanks, [[User:GerardM|GerardM]] 12:17, 10 January 2009 (UTC) :PS Please help us complete [http://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&task=untranslated&group=core-mostused&language={{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}&limit=100 the most wanted messages].. == The most often used MediaWiki messages == Hoi, the most often used MediaWiki messages (less than 25% of all MediaWiki messages) are the most visible messages. They help our readers and editors the most. We are aiming to get these messages localised for as many languages as possible by the end of the year. Please help us and yourself and localise [http://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:Translate&task=untranslated&group=core-mostused&language={{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}&limit=100 these messages]. Thanks, [[User:GerardM|GerardM]] 13:24, 17 November 2008 (UTC) ==The LocalisationUpdate extension has gone live== The LocalisationUpdate extension is now enabled for all Wikimedia projects. From now on new localisations that become available in SVN will become available to your project within 24 hours. Your localisations get into SVN from [http://translatewiki.net translatewiki.net] typically within a day and at worst in two days. This is a huge improvement from the old practice where the localisations became available with new software. This could take weeks, even months. The localisations done by our community at translatewiki.net are committed to SVN typically every day. When the system messages in English are the same as the local messages, they will now be inserted in a file and are available for use in all our projects in a timely manner ===What this means for you=== Local messages have an impact on the performance of our system. It is best when messages are as much as possible part of the system messages. In order to remove unnecessary duplication, all the messages that have a local localisation and are '''exactly''' the same as the system message will be removed. What we ask you to do is to compare and proof read the messages in translatewiki.net and the local messages. You can then either remove local messages when the translatewiki.net message is to be preferred or, you can update the message at translatewiki.net. Messages that are specific to your project will have to stay as they are. You do want to check if the format and the variables of the message are still the same. ===Why localise at translatewiki.net=== When you localise at translatewiki.net, your messages will be used in all Wikimedia projects and eventually in all MediaWiki based projects. This is how we provide the standard support for your language. When messages change, at translatewiki.net you will be prompted to revisit your translations. Localising is more efficient because we have innovated the process to make you more efficient; there is text explaining about messages and we have applied AJAX technology to reduce the number of clicks you have to make. ==Translatewiki.net update== *Currently 0.46% of the MediaWiki messages and 0.00% of the messages of the extensions used by the Wikimedia Foundation projects have been localised. Please help us help your language by localising and proof reading at [[betawiki:Special:LanguageStats/{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}|translatewiki.net]]. This is the [http://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&translations=only&trailer=/{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}} recent localisation activity] for your language. Thanks, [[User:GerardM|GerardM]] 10:14, 29 September 2009 (UTC) *Currently 0.46% of the MediaWiki messages and 0.00% of the messages of the extensions used by the Wikimedia Foundation projects have been localised. Please help us help your language by localising and proof reading at [[betawiki:Special:LanguageStats/{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}|translatewiki.net]]. This is the [http://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&translations=only&trailer=/{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}} recent localisation activity] for your language. Thanks, [[User:GerardM|GerardM]] 11:53, 1 November 2009 (UTC) *Currently 0.47% of the MediaWiki messages and 0.00% of the messages of the extensions used by the Wikimedia Foundation projects have been localised. Please help us help your language by localising and proof reading at [[betawiki:Special:LanguageStats/{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}|translatewiki.net]]. This is the [http://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&translations=only&trailer=/{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}} recent localisation activity] for your language. Thanks, [[User:GerardM|GerardM]] 14:05, 7 December 2009 (UTC) *Currently 0.46% of the MediaWiki messages and 0.00% of the messages of the extensions used by the Wikimedia Foundation projects have been localised. Please help us help your language by localising and proof reading at [[betawiki:Special:LanguageStats/{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}|translatewiki.net]]. This is the [http://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&translations=only&trailer=/{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}} recent localisation activity] for your language. Thanks, [[User:GerardM|GerardM]] 12:34, 11 January 2010 (UTC) *PS Please help us complete [http://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&task=untranslated&group=core-mostused&language={{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}&limit=100 the most wanted messages].. ::Translation of this Wikipedia will now be maintained on "translatewiki.net." -- [[User talk:Kerowren|Kerowren]]&nbsp;^{([[User talk:Kerowren|talk]]&nbsp;'''·''' [[Special:Contributions/Kerowren|contribs]])} 20:42, 20 December 2009 (UTC) :::That is good news ... It will help every MediaWiki installation that uses the LocalisationUpdate extension :) [[User:GerardM|GerardM]] 12:34, 11 January 2010 (UTC) ==How can we improve the usability for your language== We expect that with the implementation of LocalisationUpdate the usability of MediaWiki for your language will improve. We are now ready to look at other aspects of usability for your language as well. There are two questions we would like you to answer: Are there issues with the new functionality of the Usability Initiative Does MediaWiki support your language properly The best way to answer the first question is to visit the translatewiki.net. Change the language to your language, select the “vector” skin and add the advanced tool bar in in the preferences and check out the new functionality. And make some changes in your user page. When there is a need to improve on the localisation, please make the [http://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:Translate&group=ext-ui-0-all necessary changes]s . It should update your localisation straight away. We would like you to report each issue individually at http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Usability_issues. When there are problems with the support of MediaWiki for your language, we really want to know about this. It is best to report each issue separately. In this way there will be no large mass of issues to resolve but we can address each issue on its own. Consider issues with the display of characters, the presentation of your script, the position of the side bar, the combination of text with other languages, scripts. It is best to try this in an environment like the prototype wiki as it provides you with a clean, basic and up to date environment. The prototype wiki is available for five languages but you can select any of them, change the preferences to your language and test out MediaWiki for your language. We would like you to report each issue individually at http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Language issues. The issues you raise will all be assessed. It is important to keep each issue separate, because this will make it easier to understand the issues and find solutions. PS This text has been approved by Naoko, Brion and Siebrand. Thanks, [[User:GerardM|GerardM]] 10:14, 29 September 2009 (UTC) ==2010 Fundraising Is Almost Here== [[File:Wikimedia_Foundation_RGB_logo_with_text.svg|80px|left]] Hello Wikipedians, I am Theo and I am working for the Wikimedia Foundation during the 2010 Fundraiser. My job is to be the liaison between your community and the Foundation. This year's fundraiser is intended to be a collaborative and global effort; we recognize that banner messages which may perform well in the United States don't necessarily translate well, or appeal to international audiences. <Br> I'm contacting you as I am currently looking for translators who are willing to contribute to this project by helping translate and localize messages into different languages and suggesting messages that would appeal to your readers on the Fundraising Meta Page. We've started the setup on [http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fundraising_2010 meta] for both [http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fundraising_2010/Messages banner submission], [http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fundraising_2010/Banner_testing statistical analysis], and [http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fundraising_2010/Committee grouping volunteers together].<br>Use the talk pages on meta, talk to your local communities, talk to others, talk to us, and add your feedback to the proposed messages as well! I look forward to working with you during this year's fundraiser. If someone could translate this message I would really appreciate it so that everyone is able to understand our goals and contribute to this year's campaign.<br> [[user:Theo (WMF)|Theo (WMF)]] 20:26, 20 Önwa Iri 2010 (UTC) ==Pending MediaWiki namespace changes== There is a request to change the names of MediaWiki namespaces for the Igbo language. As this is a change that is hard to undo, we are looking for conformation from the community that this is what you want. The changes can be found in this [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/#patch,sidebyside,3318,1,languages/messages/MessagesIg.php "Gerrit document"]. We are looking for an answer by April 5th. Thanks, [[Ọ'bànifé:Gmeijssen|Gmeijssen]] ([[Okwu ọ'bànifé:Gmeijssen|talk]]) 09:54, 25 Önwa Atọ 2012 (UTC) == Update on IPv6 == [[File:Wikimedia_Foundation_RGB_logo_with_text.svg|80px|right]] (Apologies if this message isn't in your language. Please consider translating it, as well as '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/IPv6 initiative/2012 IPv6 Day announcement|the full version of this announcement on Meta]]''') The Wikimedia Foundation is planning to do limited testing of IPv6 on June 2-3. If there are not too many problems, we may fully enable IPv6 on [http://www.worldipv6day.org/ World IPv6 day] (June 6), and keep it enabled. What this means for your project: *At least on June 2-3, 2012, you may see a small number of edits from IPv6 addresses, which are in the form "<code>2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334</code>". See e.g. [[w:en:IPv6 address]]. These addresses should behave like any other IP address: You can leave messages on their talk pages; you can track their contributions; you can block them. (See [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IPv6 initiative/2012 IPv6 Day announcement|the full version of this announcement]] for notes on range blocks.) *In the mid term, some user scripts and tools will need to be adapted for IPv6. *We suspect that IPv6 usage is going to be very low initially, meaning that abuse should be manageable, and we will assist in the monitoring of the situation. Read [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IPv6 initiative/2012 IPv6 Day announcement|the full version of this announcement]] on how to test the behavior of IPv6 with various tools and how to leave bug reports, and to find a fuller analysis of the implications of the IPv6 migration. --[[m:User:Eloquence|Erik Möller, VP of Engineering and Product Development, Wikimedia Foundation]] 01:04, 2 Önwa Isii 2012 (UTC) <small>Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Fix here]].)</small> <!-- EdwardsBot 0201 --> == 2011 Picture of the Year competition == <small>[[:commons:Commons:Picture of the Year/2011/Translations/mk|{{#language:mk}}]] • [[:commons:Commons:Picture of the Year/2011/Translations/no|{{#language:no}}]] • [[:commons:Commons:Picture of the Year/2011/Translations/pl|{{#language:pl}}]]</small> Dear Wikimedians, Wikimedia Commons is happy to announce that the ''2011 Picture of the Year competition'' is now open. We are interested in your opinion as to which images qualify to be the ''Picture of the Year 2011''. Any user registered at Commons or a Wikimedia wiki SUL-related to Commons [//toolserver.org/~pathoschild/accounteligibility/?user=&wiki=&event=24 with more than 75 edits before 1 April 2012 (UTC)] is welcome to vote and, of course everyone is welcome to view! Detailed information about the contest can be found [[:commons:Commons:Picture of the Year/2011/Introduction|at the introductory page]]. About 600 of the best of Wikimedia Common's photos, animations, movies and graphics were chosen &ndash;by the international Wikimedia Commons community&ndash; out of 12 million files during ''2011'' and are now called ''Featured Pictures''. From professional animal and plant shots to breathtaking panoramas and skylines, restorations of historically relevant images, images portraying the world's best architecture, maps, emblems, diagrams created with the most modern technology, and impressive human portraits, Commons ''Features Pictures'' of all flavors. For your convenience, we have sorted the images [[:commons:Commons:Picture of the Year/2011/Galleries|into topic categories]]. We regret that you receive this message in English; we intended to use banners to notify you in your native language but there was both, human and technical resistance. See you on Commons! --[[:commons:Commons:Picture of the Year/2011/Committee|Picture of the Year 2011 Committee]] 18:22, 5 Önwa Isii 2012 (UTC) <small>Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Fix here]].)</small> <!-- EdwardsBot 0205 --> == Help decide about more than $10 million of Wikimedia donations in the coming year == [[File:Wikimedia_Foundation_RGB_logo_with_text.svg|80px|right]] ''(Apologies if this message isn't in your language. Please consider translating it)'' Hi, As many of you are aware, the Wikimedia Board of Trustees recently initiated important changes in the way that money is being distributed within the Wikimedia movement. As part of this, a new community-led "[[m:Funds_Dissemination_Committee/Framework_for_the_Creation_and_Initial_Operation_of_the_FDC|Funds Dissemination Committee]]" (FDC) is currently being set up. Already in 2012-13, its recommendations will guide the decisions about the distribution of over 10 million US dollars among the Foundation, chapters and other [[m:Funds_Dissemination_Committee/Framework_for_the_Creation_and_Initial_Operation_of_the_FDC#Eligible_fund-seeking_entities|eligible entities]]. Now, seven capable, knowledgeable and trustworthy community members are sought to volunteer on the initial Funds Dissemination Committee. It is expected to take up its work in September. In addition, a community member is sought to be the [[m:Funds_Dissemination_Committee/Framework_for_the_Creation_and_Initial_Operation_of_the_FDC#FDC_Ombudsperson|Ombudsperson]] for the FDC process. If you are interested in joining the committee, read the [[m:Funds Dissemination Committee/Call for Volunteers|call for volunteers]]. Nominations are planned to close on August 15. --[[m:User:ASengupta_(WMF)|Anasuya Sengupta]], Director of Global Learning and Grantmaking, Wikimedia Foundation 20:09, 19 Önwa Asaa 2012 (UTC) <small>Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Fix here]].)</small> <!-- EdwardsBot 0223 --> == More opportunities for you to access free research databases == The quest to get editors free access to the sources they need is gaining momentum. * '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Credo|Credo Reference]]''' provides full-text online versions of nearly 1200 published reference works from more than 70 publishers in every major subject, including general and subject dictionaries and encyclopedias. There are '''125''' full Credo 350 accounts available, with access even to 100 more references works than in Credo's original donation. All you need is a 1-year old account with 1000 edits. Sign up [[w:en:Wikipedia:Credo#Sign-up sheet|here]]. * '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:HighBeam|HighBeam Research]]''' has access to over 80 million articles from 6,500 publications including newspapers, magazines, academic journals, newswires, trade magazines and encyclopedias. Thousands of new articles are added daily, and archives date back over 25 years covering a wide range of subjects and industries. There are '''250''' full access 1-year accounts available. All you need is a 1-year old account with 1000 edits. Sign up [[w:en:Wikipedia:HighBeam/Applications|here]]. * '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Questia|Questia]]''' is an online research library for books and journal articles focusing on the humanities and social sciences. Questia has curated titles from over 300 trusted publishers including 77,000 full-text books and 4 million journal, magazine, and newspaper articles, as well as encyclopedia entries. There will soon be '''1000''' full access 1-year accounts available. All you need is a 1-year old account with 1000 edits. Sign up [[w:en:Wikipedia:Questia#Apply here: Round 1|here]]. You might also be interested in the idea to create a central '''Wikipedia Library''' where approved editors would have access to ''all'' participating resource donors. Add your feedback to the [[m:Wikimedia Fellowships/Project Ideas/The Wikipedia Library|Community Fellowship proposal]]. Apologies for the English message ([http://translate.google.com/ translate here]). Go sign up :) --[[w:en:User:Ocaasi|Ocaasi]] ([[w:en:User talk:Ocaasi|talk]]) 02:16, 16 Önwa Asáto 2012 (UTC) <!-- EdwardsBot 0232 --> == Request for Comment: Legal Fees Assistance Program == [[File:Wikimedia_Foundation_RGB_logo_with_text.svg|80px|right]] ''I apologize for addressing you in English. I would be grateful if you could translate this message into your language.'' The Wikimedia Foundation is conducting a [[:m:Request_for_comment/Legal_Fees_Assistance_Program|request for comment]] on a [[:m:Legal_and_Community_Advocacy/Legal_Fees_Assistance_Program|proposed program]] that could provide legal assistance to users in specific support roles who are named in a legal complaint as a defendant because of those roles. We wanted to be sure that your community was aware of this discussion and would have a chance to participate in [[:m:Request_for_comment/Legal_Fees_Assistance_Program|that discussion]]. If this page is not the best place to publicize this request for comment, please help spread the word to those who may be interested in participating. (If you'd like to help translating the "request for comment", program policy or other pages into your language and don't know how the translation system works, please come by my user talk page at [[:m:User talk:Mdennis (WMF)]]. I'll be happy to assist or to connect you with a volunteer who can assist.) Thank you! --[[:m:User:Mdennis (WMF)|Mdennis (WMF)]]01:59, 6 Önwa Itolu 2012 (UTC) <small>Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Fix here]].)</small> <!-- EdwardsBot 0245 --> == Wikidata is getting close to a first roll-out == [[File:Wikimedia_Foundation_RGB_logo_with_text.svg|80px|right]] (Apologies if this message isn't in your language.) As some of you might already have heard Wikimedia Deutschland is working on a new Wikimedia project. It is called [[m:Wikidata]]. The goal of Wikidata is to become a central data repository for the Wikipedias, its sister projects and the world. In the future it will hold data like the number of inhabitants of a country, the date of birth of a famous person or the length of a river. These can then be used in all Wikimedia projects and outside of them. The project is divided into three phases and "we are getting close to roll-out the first phase". The phases are: # language links in the Wikipedias (making it possible to store the links between the language editions of an article just once in Wikidata instead of in each linked article) # infoboxes (making it possible to store the data that is currently in infoboxes in one central place and share the data) # lists (making it possible to create lists and similar things based on queries to Wikidata so they update automatically when new data is added or modified) It'd be great if you could join us, test the [http://wikidata-test.wikimedia.de demo version], provide feedback and take part in the development of Wikidata. You can find all the relevant information including an [[m:Wikidata/FAQ|FAQ]] and sign-up links for our on-wiki newsletter on [[m:Wikidata|the Wikidata page on Meta]]. For further discussions please use [[m:Talk:Wikidata|this talk page]] (if you are uncomfortable writing in English you can also write in your native language there) or point [[m:User_talk:Lydia Pintscher (WMDE)|me]] to the place where your discussion is happening so I can answer there. --[[m:User:Lydia Pintscher (WMDE)|Lydia Pintscher]] 13:23, 10 Önwa Itolu 2012 (UTC) <small>Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Fix here]].)</small> <!-- EdwardsBot 0248 --> == Upcoming software changes - please report any problems == [[File:Wikimedia_Foundation_RGB_logo_with_text.svg|80px|right]] <div dir=ltr> ''(Apologies if this message isn't in your language. Please consider translating it)'' All Wikimedia wikis - including this one - will soon be upgraded with new and possibly disruptive code. This process starts today and finishes on October 24 (see the [[mw:MediaWiki_1.21/Roadmap|upgrade schedule]] & [[mw:MediaWiki 1.21/wmf2|code details]]). Please watch for problems with: * revision diffs * templates * CSS and JavaScript pages (like user scripts) * bots * PDF export * images, video, and sound, especially scaling sizes * the CologneBlue skin If you notice any problems, please [[mw:How to report a bug|report problems]] at [[mw:Bugzilla|our defect tracker site]]. You can test for possible problems at [https://test2.wikipedia.org test2.wikipedia.org] and [https://mediawiki.org/ mediawiki.org], which have already been updated. Thanks! With your help we can find problems fast and get them fixed faster. [[mw:User:Sharihareswara (WMF)|Sumana Harihareswara, Wikimedia Foundation Engineering Community Manager]] ([[mw:User talk:Sharihareswara (WMF)|talk]]) 02:58, 16 Önwa Iri 2012 (UTC) P.S.: For the regular, smaller MediaWiki updates every two weeks, please [[mw:MediaWiki_1.21/Roadmap|watch this schedule]]. <small>Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Fix here]].)</small> </div> <!-- EdwardsBot 0278 --> == Fundraising localization: volunteers from outside the USA needed == ''Please translate for your local community'' Hello All, The Wikimedia Foundation's Fundraising team have begun our 'User Experience' project, with the goal of understanding the donation experience in different countries outside the USA and enhancing the localization of our donation pages. I am searching for volunteers to spend 30 minutes on a Skype chat with me, reviewing their own country's donation pages. It will be done on a 'usability' format (I will ask you to read the text and go through the donation flow) and will be asking your feedback in the meanwhile. The only pre-requisite is for the volunteer to actually live in the country and to have access to at least one donation method that we offer for that country (mainly credit/debit card, but also real-time banking like IDEAL, E-wallets, etc...) so we can do a live test and see if the donation goes through. ''All volunteers will be reimbursed of the donations that eventually succeed'' (and they will be low amounts, like 1-2 dollars) By helping us you are actually helping thousands of people to support our mission of free knowledge across the world. Please sing up and help us with our 'User Experience' project! :) If you are interested (or know of anyone who could be) please email ppena@wikimedia.org. All countries needed (excepting USA)! Thanks!<br /> [[wmf:User:Ppena|Pats Pena]]<br /> Global Fundraising Operations Manager, Wikimedia Foundation Sent using [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]], 17:04, 17 Önwa Iri 2012 (UTC) <!-- EdwardsBot 0280 --> == Be a Wikimedia fundraising "User Experience" volunteer! == Thank you to everyone who volunteered last year on the Wikimedia fundraising 'User Experience' project. We have talked to many different people in different countries and their feedback has helped us immensely in restructuring our pages. If you haven't heard of it yet, the 'User Experience' project has the goal of understanding the donation experience in different countries (outside the USA) and enhancing the localization of our donation pages. I am (still) searching for volunteers to spend some time on a Skype chat with me, reviewing their own country's donation pages. It will be done on a 'usability' format (I will ask you to read the text and go through the donation flow) and will be asking your feedback in the meanwhile. The only pre-requisite is for the volunteer to actually live in the country and to have access to at least one donation method that we offer for that country (mainly credit/debit card, but also real time banking like IDEAL, E-wallets, etc...) so we can do a live test and see if the donation goes through. **All volunteers will be reimbursed of the donations that eventually succeed (and they will be very low amounts, like 1-2 dollars)** By helping us you are actually helping thousands of people to support our mission of free knowledge across the world. If you are interested (or know of anyone who could be) please email ppena@wikimedia.org. All countries needed (excepting USA)!! Thanks! [[m:User:Ppena (WMF)|Pats Pena]]<br/> Global Fundraising Operations Manager, Wikimedia Foundation : Sent using [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]], 20:59, 8 Önwa Mbú 2013 (UTC) <!-- EdwardsBot 331 --> == Wikimedia sites to move to primary data center in Ashburn, Virginia. Read-only mode expected. == (Apologies if this message isn't in your language.) Next week, the Wikimedia Foundation will transition its main technical operations to a new data center in Ashburn, Virginia, USA. This is intended to improve the technical performance and reliability of all Wikimedia sites, including this wiki. There will be some times when the site will be in read-only mode, and there may be full outages; the current target windows for the migration are January 22nd, 23rd and 24th, 2013, from 17:00 to 01:00 UTC (see [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?msg=Wikimedia+data+center+migration&iso=20130122T17&ah=8 other timezones] on timeanddate.com). More information is available [https://blog.wikimedia.org/2013/01/19/wikimedia-sites-move-to-primary-data-center-in-ashburn-virginia/ in the full announcement]. If you would like to stay informed of future technical upgrades, consider [[m:Tech/Ambassadors|becoming a Tech ambassador]] and [https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/wikitech-ambassadors joining the ambassadors mailing list]. You will be able to help your fellow Wikimedians have a voice in technical discussions and be notified of important decisions. Thank you for your help and your understanding. [[:m:user:guillom|Guillaume Paumier]], via the [[:m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery system]] <small>([[:m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|wrong page? You can fix it.]])</small>. 15:23, 19 Önwa Mbú 2013 (UTC) <!-- EdwardsBot 0338 --> == Picture of the Year voting round 1 open == Dear Wikimedians, Wikimedia Commons is happy to announce that the 2012 Picture of the Year competition is now open. We're interested in your opinion as to which images qualify to be the Picture of the Year for 2012. Voting is open to established Wikimedia users who meet the following criteria: :# Users must have an account, at any Wikimedia project, which was registered '''before Tue, 01 Jan 2013 00:00:00 +0000''' [UTC]. :# This user account must have more than '''75 edits''' on '''any single''' Wikimedia project '''before Tue, 01 Jan 2013 00:00:00 +0000''' [UTC]. Please check your account eligibility at the [//toolserver.org/~pathoschild/accounteligibility/?user=&wiki=&event=27 POTY 2012 Contest Eligibility tool]. :# Users must vote with an account meeting the above requirements either on Commons or another SUL-related Wikimedia project (for other Wikimedia projects, the account must be attached to the user's Commons account through [[meta:Help:Unified login|SUL]]). Hundreds of images that have been rated Featured Pictures by the international Wikimedia Commons community in the past year are all entered in this competition. From professional animal and plant shots to breathtaking panoramas and skylines, restorations of historically relevant images, images portraying the world's best architecture, maps, emblems, diagrams created with the most modern technology, and impressive human portraits, Commons features pictures of all flavors. For your convenience, we have sorted the images into topic categories. Two rounds of voting will be held: In the first round, you can vote for as many images as you like. The first round category winners and the top ten overall will then make it to the final. In the final round, when a limited number of images are left, you must decide on the one image that you want to become the Picture of the Year. To see the candidate images just go to [[commons:Commons:Picture_of_the_Year/2012|the POTY 2012 page on Wikimedia Commons]]. Wikimedia Commons celebrates our featured images of 2012 with this contest. Your votes decide the Picture of the Year, so remember to vote in the first round by '''January 30, 2013'''. Thanks,<br /> the Wikimedia Commons Picture of the Year committee<br /> <small>This message was delivered based on [[:m:Distribution list/Global message delivery]]. Translation fetched from: [[:commons:Commons:Picture of the Year/2012/Translations/Village Pump/en]] -- [[Ọbanife:Rillke|Rillke]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Rillke|talk]]) 23:52, 22 Önwa Mbú 2013 (UTC)</small> == Help turn ideas into grants in the new IdeaLab == <div class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:Wikimedia_Foundation_RGB_logo_with_text.svg|80px|right]] ''I apologize if this message is not in your language. Please help translate it.'' *Do you have an idea for a project to improve this community or website? *Do you think you could complete your idea if only you had some funding? *Do you want to help other people turn their ideas into project plans or grant proposals? Please join us in the [[m:Grants:IdeaLab|IdeaLab]], an incubator for project ideas and Individual Engagement Grant proposals. The Wikimedia Foundation is seeking new ideas and proposals for Individual Engagement Grants. These grants fund individuals or small groups to complete projects that help improve this community. If interested, please submit a completed proposal by February 15, 2013. Please visit https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Grants:IEG for more information. Thanks! --[[m:User:Sbouterse (WMF)|Siko Bouterse, Head of Individual Engagement Grants, Wikimedia Foundation]] 20:31, 30 Önwa Mbú 2013 (UTC) <small>Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Correct it here]].)</small> </div> <!-- EdwardsBot 0344 --> == Wikidata phase 1 (language links) coming to this Wikipedia == [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] Sorry for writing in English. I hope someone can translate this locally. [[d:|Wikidata]] has been in development for a few months now. It is now time for the roll-out of the first part of it on your Wikipedia. Phase 1 is the support for the management of language links. It is already being used on the Hungarian, Hebrew, Italian and English Wikipedias. The next step is to enable the extension on all other Wikipedias. We have currently planned this for March 6. === What is Wikidata? === Wikidata is a central place to store data that you can usually find in infoboxes. Think of it as something like Wikimedia Commons but for data (like the number of inhabitants of a country or the length of a river) instead of multimedia. The first part of this project (centralizing language links) is being rolled out now. The more fancy things will follow later. === What is going to happen? === Language links in the sidebar are going to come from Wikidata in addition to the ones in the wiki text. To edit them, scroll to the bottom of the language links, and click edit. You no longer need to maintain these links by hand in the wiki text of the article. === Where can I find more information and ask questions? === Editors on en:wp have created a [[:en:Wikipedia:Wikidata|great page with all the necessary information for editors]] and there is also an [[meta:Wikidata/Deployment Questions|FAQ for this deployment]]. Please ask questions you might have on [[meta:Wikidata/Deployment Questions|the FAQ’s discussion page]]. === I want to be kept up to date about Wikidata === To stay up-to-date on everything happening around Wikidata please [[meta:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|subscribe]] to the newsletter that is delivered weekly to subscribed user’s talk pages. You can see previous editions [[meta:Wikidata/Newsletter/Archive|here]]. --[[m:User:Lydia Pintscher (WMDE)|Lydia Pintscher]] 16:08, 21 Önwa Abụọ 2013 (UTC) <small>Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Fix here]].)</small> <!-- EdwardsBot 0366 --> == Wikidata phase 1 (language links) live on this Wikipedia == [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] Sorry for writing in English. I hope someone can translate this locally. If you understand German better than English you can have a look at the announcement on [[:de:Wikipedia:Kurier]]. As I annonced 2 weeks ago, [[d:|Wikidata]] phase 1 (language links) has been deployed here today. Language links in the sidebar are coming from Wikidata in addition to the ones in the wiki text. To edit them, scroll to the bottom of the language links, and click edit. You no longer need to maintain these links by hand in the wiki text of the article. '''Where can I find more information and ask questions?''' Editors on en:wp have created a [[:en:Wikipedia:Wikidata|great page with all the necessary information for editors]] and there is also an [[meta:Wikidata/Deployment Questions|FAQ for this deployment]]. It'd be great if you could bring this to this wiki if that has not already happened. Please ask questions you might have on [[meta:Talk:Wikidata/Deployment Questions|the FAQ’s discussion page]]. '''I want to be kept up to date about Wikidata''' To stay up-to-date on everything happening around Wikidata please [[meta:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|subscribe]] to the newsletter that is delivered weekly to subscribed user’s talk pages. --[[m:User:Lydia Pintscher (WMDE)|Lydia Pintscher]] 22:59, 6 Önwa Atọ 2013 (UTC) <small>Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Fix here]].)</small> <!-- EdwardsBot 0373 --> == Updating the logo for this wiki == <div class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}.png|thumb|New logo]] Hello! As part of the update of Wikipedias logos to the new (2010) 3D puzzle globe version, we have noticed that your wiki's current logo is missing, outdated or with wrong translation. We are trying to help Wikipedias get a locally-adapted correct logo, by taking the technical difficulties on us, and in about a week from now we'll be replacing the current logo with the new one shown in [//commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Nemo_bis/Wikipedia&oldid=92391038 this gallery, with explanation]. If the translation is wrong, or there's another error in the new logo, or the community disagrees with the update, please [[m:User:Cbrown1023/Logos|update the list of logos]] or tell us on its talk. Feel free to translate this message and to move/copy/forward it where appropriate. Thanks, [[m:User:Nemo_bis|Nemo]] 13:41, 11 Önwa Atọ 2013 (UTC) </div> <!-- EdwardsBot 0377 --> == Convert complex templates to Lua to make them faster and more powerful == <small>(Please consider translating this message for the benefit of your fellow Wikimedians)</small> Greetings. As you might have seen on the [https://blog.wikimedia.org/2013/03/11/lua-templates-faster-more-flexible-pages/ Wikimedia tech blog] or the [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-ambassadors/2013-March/000171.html tech ambassadors list], a new functionality called "Lua" is being enabled on all Wikimedia sites today. [[mw:Lua|Lua]] is a scripting language that enables you to write faster and more powerful MediaWiki templates. If you have questions about how to convert existing templates to Lua (or how to create new ones), we'll be holding two support sessions on IRC next week: [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=02&min=00&sec=0&day=20&month=03&year=2013 one on Wednesday] (for Oceania, Asia & America) and [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=18&min=00&sec=0&day=22&month=03&year=2013 one on Friday] (for Europe, Africa & America); see [[m:IRC office hours]] for the details. If you can't make it, you can also get help at [[mw:Talk:Lua scripting]]. If you'd like to learn about this kind of events earlier in advance, consider becoming a [[m:Tech/Ambassadors|Tech ambassador]] by subscribing to the [https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/wikitech-ambassadors mailing list]. You will also be able to help your fellow Wikimedians have a voice in technical discussions and be notified of important decisions. [[:m:user:guillom|Guillaume Paumier]], via the [[:m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery system]]. 19:59, 13 Önwa Atọ 2013 (UTC) <small>([[:m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|wrong page? You can fix it.]])</small> <!-- EdwardsBot 0379 --> == Wikidata phase 2 (infoboxes) coming to this Wikipedia == [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] Sorry for writing in English. I hope someone can translate this. If you understand German better than English you can have a look at the announcement on [[:de:Wikipedia:Kurier]]. A while ago the first phase of [[d:|Wikidata]] was enabled on this Wikipedia. This means you are getting the language links in each article from Wikidata. It is soon time to enable the second phase of Wikidata (infoboxes) here. We have already done this on the [[http://blog.wikimedia.de/2013/03/27/you-can-have-all-the-data/ first 11 Wikipedias]] (it, he, hu, ru, tr, uk, uz, hr, bs, sr, sh) and things are looking good. The next step is English Wikipedia. This is planned for April 8. '''If everything works out fine we will deploy on all remaining Wikipedias on April 10.''' I will update [[m:Wikidata/Deployment Questions#When_will_this_be_deployed_on_my_Wikipedia.3F|this part of the FAQ]] if there are any issues forcing us to change this date. I will also sent another note to this village pump once the deployment is finished. '''What will happen once we have phase 2 enabled here?''' Once it is enabled in a few days you will be able to make use of the structured data that is available on Wikidata in your articles/infoboxes. It includes things like the symbol for a chemical element, the ISBN for a book or the top level domain of a country. (None of this will happen automatically. Someone will have to change the article or infobox template for this to happen!) '''How will this work?''' There are two ways to access the data: * Use a parser function like <nowiki>{{#property:p169}}</nowiki> in the wiki text of the article on Yahoo!. This will return “[[d:Q14086|Marissa Mayer]]” as she is the [[d:Property:P169|chief executive officer]] of the [[d:Q37093|company]]. * For more complicated things you can use Lua. The documentation for this is [[mw:Extension:WikibaseClient/Lua|here]]. We are working on expanding the parser function so you can for example use <nowiki>{{#property:chief executive officer}}</nowiki> instead of <nowiki>{{#property:p169}}</nowiki>. The complete plan for this is [[meta:Wikidata/Notes/Inclusion syntax|here]]. '''Where can I test this?''' You can already test it on [http://test2.wikipedia.org test2]. '''Where can I find more information and ask questions?''' We have collected the main questions in an [[meta:Wikidata/Deployment Questions|FAQ for this deployment]]. Please ask questions you might have on [[meta:Talk:Wikidata/Deployment Questions|the FAQ’s discussion page]]. '''I want to be kept up to date about Wikidata''' To stay up-to-date on everything happening around Wikidata please [[meta:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|subscribe]] to the newsletter that is delivered weekly to subscribed user’s talk pages. --[[m:User:Lydia Pintscher (WMDE)|Lydia Pintscher]] 17:00, 5 Önwa Anọ 2013 (UTC) <small>Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Fix here]].)</small> <!-- EdwardsBot 0399 --> == [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders|Request for comment on inactive administrators]] == <small>(Please consider translating this message for the benefit of your fellow Wikimedians. Please also consider translating [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Summary|the proposal]].)</small> <small>[[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message|Read this message in English]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/ast|Lleer esti mensaxe n'asturianu]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/bn|বাংলায় এই বার্তাটি পড়ুন]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/ca|Llegiu aquest missatge en català]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/da|Læs denne besked på dansk]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/de|Lies diese Nachricht auf Deutsch]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/egl|Leś cal mesag' chè in Emiliàn]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/es|Leer este mensaje en español]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/fi|Lue tämä viesti suomeksi]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/fr|Lire ce message en français]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/gl|Ler esta mensaxe en galego]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/hi|हिन्दी]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/hr|Pročitajte ovu poruku na hrvatskom]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/id|Baca pesan ini dalam Bahasa Indonesia]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/it|Leggi questo messaggio in italiano]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/kn|ಈ ಸಂದೇಶವನ್ನು ಕನ್ನಡದಲ್ಲಿ ಓದಿ]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/mt|Aqra dan il-messaġġ bil-Malti]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/nb|norsk (bokmål)]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/nl|Lees dit bericht in het Nederlands]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/pl|Przeczytaj tę wiadomość po polsku]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/ro|Citiți acest mesaj în română]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/ru|Прочитать это сообщение на русском]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/so|Farriintaan ku aqri Af-Soomaali]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/sr|Pročitaj ovu poruku na srpskom (Прочитај ову поруку на српском)]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/th|อ่านข้อความนี้ในภาษาไทย]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/uk|Прочитати це повідомлення українською мовою]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/vi|Đọc thông báo bằng tiếng Việt]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/zh|使用中文阅读本信息。]]</small> Hello! There is [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders|a new request for comment]] on Meta-Wiki concerning the removal of administrative rights from long-term inactive Wikimedians. Generally, this proposal from stewards would apply to wikis without an administrators' review process. We are also compiling a [[m:Talk:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders|list of projects]] with procedures for removing inactive administrators on the talk page of the request for comment. Feel free to add your project(s) to the list if you have a policy on administrator inactivity. All input is appreciated. The discussion may close as soon as 21 May 2013 (2013-05-21), but this will be extended if needed. Thanks, [[m:User:Billinghurst|Billinghurst]] <small>(thanks to all the [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message|translators]]!)</small> 04:49, 24 Önwa Anọ 2013 (UTC) :<small>Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] (Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|You can fix it]].)</small> <!-- EdwardsBot 0430 --> == Wikidata phase 2 (infoboxes) is here == [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] Sorry for writing in English. I hope someone can translate this. If you understand German better than English you can have a look at the announcement on [[:de:Wikipedia:Kurier]]. A while ago the first phase of [[d:|Wikidata]] was enabled on this Wikipedia. This means you are getting the language links in each article from Wikidata. We have now enabled the second phase of Wikidata (infoboxes) here. We have already done this on the [[http://blog.wikimedia.de/2013/03/27/you-can-have-all-the-data/ first 11 Wikipedias]] (it, he, hu, ru, tr, uk, uz, hr, bs, sr, sh) a month ago and [http://blog.wikimedia.de/2013/04/22/and-that-makes-12/ two days ago on the English Wikipedia]. Today all the remaining Wikipedias followed. '''What does having phase 2 enabled here mean?''' You are now able to make use of the structured data that is available on Wikidata in your articles/infoboxes. It includes things like the symbol for a chemical element, the ISBN for a book or the top level domain of a country. (None of this will happen automatically. Someone will have to change the article or infobox template for this to happen!) The current state is just the beginning though. It will be extended based on feedback we get from you now. '''How will this work?''' There are two ways to access the data: * Use a parser function like <nowiki>{{#property:p159}}</nowiki> in the wiki text of the article on Wikimedia Foundation. This will return “[[d:Q62|San Francisco]]” as that is the [[d:Property:P159|headquarter location]] of the [[d:180|non-profit]]. * For more complicated things you can use Lua. The documentation for this is [[mw:Extension:WikibaseClient/Lua|here]]. We are working on expanding the parser function so you can for example use <nowiki>{{#property:headquarter location}}</nowiki> instead of <nowiki>{{#property:p159}}</nowiki>. The complete plan for this is [[meta:Wikidata/Notes/Inclusion syntax|here]]. '''Where can I test this?''' You can test it on [http://test2.wikipedia.org test2] if you don't want to do it in an article here. '''Where can I find more information and ask questions?''' We have collected the main questions in an [[meta:Wikidata/Deployment Questions|FAQ for this deployment]]. Please ask questions you might have on [[meta:Talk:Wikidata/Deployment Questions|the FAQ’s discussion page]]. '''I want to be kept up to date about Wikidata''' To stay up-to-date on everything happening around Wikidata please [[meta:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|subscribe]] to the newsletter that is delivered weekly to subscribed user’s talk pages. We are excited about taking yet another step towards allowing all Wikipedias share structured data and collect and curate it together. --[[m:User:Lydia Pintscher (WMDE)|Lydia Pintscher]] 19:09, 24 Önwa Anọ 2013 (UTC) <small>Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Fix here]].)</small> <!-- EdwardsBot 0431 --> == [en] Change to wiki account system and account renaming == <div class="mw-content-ltr"> Some accounts will soon be renamed due to a technical change that the developer team at Wikimedia are making. [[m:Single User Login finalisation announcement|More details on Meta]]. <small>(Distributed via [[m:global message delivery|global message delivery]] 03:44, 30 Önwa Anọ 2013 (UTC). Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Correct it here]].)</small> </div> <!-- EdwardsBot 0437 --> == [en] Change to section edit links == <div class="mw-content-ltr"> The default position of the "edit" link in page section headers is going to change soon. The "edit" link will be positioned adjacent to the page header text rather than floating opposite it. Section edit links will be to the immediate right of section titles, instead of on the far right. If you're an editor of one of the wikis which already implemented this change, nothing will substantially change for you; however, scripts and gadgets depending on the previous implementation of section edit links will have to be adjusted to continue working; however, nothing else should break even if they are not updated in time. [[m:Change to section edit links|Detailed information and a timeline]] is available on meta. Ideas to do this all the way to 2009 at least. It is often difficult to track which of several potential section edit links on the far right is associated with the correct section, and many readers and anonymous or new editors may even be failing to notice section edit links at all, since they read section titles, which are far away from the links. <small>(Distributed via [[m:global message delivery|global message delivery]] 18:34, 30 Önwa Anọ 2013 (UTC). Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Correct it here]].)</small> </div> <!-- EdwardsBot 0438 --> == Tech newsletter: Subscribe to receive the next editions == <div style="width:auto; padding: 1em; background:#fdf6e3;" class="plainlinks" ><big>Latest '''[[m:Tech/News|<span style="color:#268bd2;">Tech news</span>]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community.</big> ''Please inform other users about these changes.''</div> <div style="width:auto; padding: 1em; border: 2px solid #fdf6e3;" class="plainlinks" > ;Recent software changes: ''(Not all changes will affect you.)'' * The latest version of MediaWiki (version [[mw:MediaWiki 1.22/wmf4|1.22/wmf4]]) was added to non-Wikipedia wikis on May 13, and to the English Wikipedia (with a Wikidata software update) on May 20. It will be updated on all other Wikipedia sites on May 22. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/gitweb?p=operations/mediawiki-config.git;a=commitdiff;h=ed976cf0c14fa3632fd10d9300bb646bfd6fe751;hp=c6c7bb1e5caaddf7325de9eef0e7bf85bcf5cc35] [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2013-May/069458.html] * A software update will perhaps result in temporary issues with images. Please [[m:Tech/Ambassadors|report any problems]] you notice. [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2013-May/069458.html] * MediaWiki recognizes links in twelve new [[:w:en:URI scheme|schemes]]. Users can now link to [[:w:en:SSH|SSH]], [[:w:en:XMPP|XMPP]] and [[:w:en:Bitcoin|Bitcoin]] directly from wikicode. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/gitweb?p=mediawiki/core.git;a=commitdiff;h=a89d623302b5027dbb2d06941a22372948757685] * VisualEditor was added to [[bugzilla:48430|all content namespaces]] on mediawiki.org on May 20. [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2013-May/069458.html] * A new extension ("TemplateData") was added to all Wikipedia sites on May 20. It will allow a future version of VisualEditor to [[bugzilla:44444|edit templates]]. [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2013-May/069458.html] * New sites: [[:voy:el:|Greek Wikivoyage]] and [[:wikt:vec:|Venetian Wiktionary]] joined the Wikimedia family last week; the total number of project wikis is now 794. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/gitweb?p=operations/mediawiki-config.git;a=commit;h=5d7536b403730bb502580e21243f923c3b79da0e] [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/gitweb?p=operations/mediawiki-config.git;a=commit;h=43c9eebdfc976333be5c890439ba1fae3bef46f7] * The logo of 18 Wikipedias was changed to [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia_logos#The_May_2010_logo|version 2.0]] in a [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikimedia-l/2013-May/125999.html third group of updates]. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/gitweb?p=operations/mediawiki-config.git;a=commitdiff;h=4688adbe467440eea318eecf04839fdd9ffa0565] * The [[:commons:Special:UploadWizard|UploadWizard]] on Commons now shows links to the old upload form in 55 languages ([[:bugzilla:33513|bug 33513]]). [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/gitweb?p=operations/mediawiki-config.git;a=commit;h=4197fa18a22660296d0e5b84820d5ebb4cef46d4] ;Future software changes: * The next version of MediaWiki (version 1.22/wmf5) will be added to Wikimedia sites starting on May 27. [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2013-May/069458.html] * An updated version of [[mw:Echo (Notifications)|Notifications]], with new features and fewer bugs, will be added to the English Wikipedia on May 23. [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2013-May/069458.html] * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Single User Login finalisation announcement|final version]] of the "single user login" (which allows people to use the same username on different Wikimedia wikis) is moved to August 2013. The software will [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-ambassadors/2013-April/000217.html automatically rename] some usernames. [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-ambassadors/2013-May/000233.html] * A [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Flow|new discussion system]] for MediaWiki, called "Flow", is under development. Wikimedia designers need your help to inform other users, [http://unicorn.wmflabs.org/flow/ test the prototype] and discuss the interface. [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2013-May/069433.html]. * The Wikimedia Foundation is hiring people to act as links between software developers and users for VisualEditor. [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-ambassadors/2013-May/000245.html] </div> <div style="font-size:90%; font-style:italic; background:#fdf6e3; padding:1em;">'''[[m:Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Tech/Ambassadors|tech ambassadors]] and posted by [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] • [[m:Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Tech/News/2013/21|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Unsubscribe]] • 20:43, 20 Önwa Ise 2013 (UTC) </div> <div style="float:left; background:#eee8d5; border: .2em solid #dc322f; border-left: .7em solid #dc322f; padding: 1em; "><span style="color:#dc322f;font-weight:bold;">Important note:</span> This is the first edition of the [[m:Tech/News|Tech News]] weekly summaries, which help you monitor recent software changes likely to impact you and your fellow Wikimedians. '''If you want to continue to receive the next issues every week''', please '''[[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|subscribe to the newsletter]]'''. You can subscribe your personal talk page and a community page like this one. The newsletter can be [[m:Tech/News/2013/21|translated into your language]]. You can also [[m:Tech/Ambassadors|become a tech ambassador]], [[m:Tech/News|help us write the next newsletter]] and [[m:Talk:Tech/News|tell us what to improve]]. Your feedback is greatly appreciated. [[m:user:guillom|guillom]] 20:43, 20 Önwa Ise 2013 (UTC)</div> <!-- EdwardsBot 0455 --> == Trademark discussion == Hi, apologies for posting this in English, but I wanted to alert your community to a discussion on Meta about potential changes to the Wikimedia Trademark Policy. Please translate this statement if you can. We hope that you will all participate in the discussion; we also welcome translations of the legal team’s statement into as many languages as possible and encourage you to voice your thoughts there. Please see the [[:m:Trademark practices discussion|Trademark practices discussion (on Meta-Wiki)]] for more information. Thank you! --[[:m:User:Mdennis_(WMF)|Mdennis (WMF)]] ([[:m:User talk:Mdennis_(WMF)|talk]]) <!-- EdwardsBot 0473 --> == Free Research Accounts from Leading Medical Publisher. Come and Sign up! == [[EN:W:TWL|The Wikipedia Library]] gets Wikipedia editors free access to reliable sources that are behind paywalls. I want to alert you to our latest donation. *'''[[Cochrane Collaboration]]''' is an independent medical nonprofit organization that conducts systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials of health-care interventions, which it then publishes in the Cochrane Library. *Cochrane has generously agreed to give ''free, full-access accounts to medical editors''. Individual access would otherwise cost between $300 and $800 per account. *'''If you are active as a medical editor, come and [[WP:COCHRANE|sign up :)]]''' Cheers, [[EN:W:User:Ocaasi|Ocaasi]] 21:07, 16 Önwa Isii 2013 (UTC) <!-- EdwardsBot 0487 --> == Cochrane Library Sign-up (correct link) == My apologies for the incorrect link: You can sign up for '''[[EN:W:Cochrane Collaboration|Cochrane Collaboration]]''' accounts at the [[EN:W:WP:COCHRANE|COCHRANE sign-up page]]'''. Cheers, [[EN:W:User:Ocaasi|Ocaasi]] 21:42, 16 Önwa Isii 2013 (UTC) <!-- EdwardsBot 0488 --> == [[:m:Requests_for_comment/X!'s_Edit_Counter|X!'s Edit Counter]] == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <small>(Sorry for writing in English. You can [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Requests_for_comment/X!%27s_Edit_Counter/Summary|translate the proposal]].)</small> Should [[tools:~tparis/pcount|X!'s edit counter]] retain the opt-in requirement? Your input is strongly encouraged. [[:m:Requests_for_comment/X!'s_Edit_Counter|Voice your input here]].——[[:m:w:User:Cyberpower678|<span style="color:green;font-family:Neuropol">cyberpower]] [[:m:w:User talk:Cyberpower678|<sup style="color:purple;font-family:arnprior">Chat]]<sub style="margin-left:-4.4ex;color:purple;font-family:arnprior">Automation</sub> 04:35, 23 Önwa Isii 2013 (UTC) :<small>Distributed via [[:m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[:m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Fix here]].)</small> </div> <!-- EdwardsBot 0505 --> == Universal Language Selector will be enabled on 2013-07-09 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> On July 9, 2013, [[mw:Universal Language Selector|Universal Language Selector]] (ULS) will be enabled on this wiki. The ULS provides a flexible way to configure and deliver language settings like interface language, fonts, and input methods (keyboard mappings). Making it available here is the last phase of making ULS available on all Wikimedia wikis. Please read the announcement on [[m:Announcement Universal Language Selector|Meta-Wiki]] for more information. [[m:User_talk:Siebrand|Siebrand]] 12:34, 4 Önwa Asaa 2013 (UTC) <small>(via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]).</small> </div> <!-- EdwardsBot 0515 --> == Pywikipedia is migrating to git == Hello, Sorry for English but It's very important for bot operators so I hope someone translates this. [[mw:PWB|Pywikipedia]] is migrating to Git so after July 26, SVN checkouts won't be updated If you're using Pywikipedia you have to switch to git, otherwise you will use out-dated framework and your bot might not work properly. There is a [[mw:Manual:Pywikipediabot/Gerrit|manual]] for doing that and a [https://blog.wikimedia.org/2013/07/21/pywikipediabot-moving-to-git-on-july-26/ blog post] explaining about this change in non-technical language. If you have question feel free to ask in [[mw:Manual talk:Pywikipediabot/Gerrit]], [https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/pywikipedia-l mailing list], or in the [irc://irc.freenode.net/#pywikipediabot IRC channel]. Best [[mw:User:Ladsgroup|Amir]] <small>(via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]).</small> 13:20, 23 Önwa Asaa 2013 (UTC) <!-- EdwardsBot 0534 --> == VisualEditor and your Wikipedia == ''(Please translate this message)'' Greetings, The Wikimedia Foundation will soon turn on [[mw:VisualEditor|VisualEditor]] for all users, all the time on your Wikipedia. Right now your Wikipedia does not have any local documents on VisualEditor, and we hope that your community can change that. To find out about how you can help with translations visit the [[mw:VisualEditor/TranslationCentral|TranslationCentral for VisualEditor]] and read the easy instructions on [[mw:VisualEditor/Portal/Localization|bringing information to your Wikipedia]]. The [[mw:Help:VisualEditor/User_guide|User Guide]] and the [[mw:Help:VisualEditor/FAQ|FAQ]] are very important to have in your language. We want to find out as much as we can from you about VisualEditor and how it helps your Wikipedia, and having local pages is a great way to start. We also encourage you to [[mw:VisualEditor/Feedback|leave feedback on Mediawiki]] where the community can offer ideas, opinions, and point out bugs that may still exist in the software that need to be reported to [https://bugzilla.wikimedia.org/describecomponents.cgi?product=VisualEditor Bugzilla]. If you are able to speak for the concerns of others in English on MediaWiki or locally I encourage you to help your community to be represented in this process. If you can help translate the user interface for VisualEditor to your language, you can help with that as well. [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3AMessageGroupStats&x=D&group=ext-visualeditor#sortable:3=desc Translatewiki] has open tasks for translating VisualEditor. A direct link to translate the user interface is [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translate?filter=!translated&action=translate&group=ext-visualeditor here]. You can see how we are doing with those translations [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3AMessageGroupStats&x=D&group=ext-visualeditor#sortable:3=desc here]. You need an account on Translatewiki to translate. This account is free and easy to create. If we can help your community in any way with this process, please let me know and I will do my best to assist your Wikipedia with this |exciting development. You can contact me on my [[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|meta talk page]] or by [[Special:EmailUser/Keegan (WMF)|email]]. You can also contact [[mw:User_talk:PEarley_(WMF)|Patrick Earley]] for help with translations and documents on Mediawiki. We look forward to working with you to bring the VisualEditor experience to your Wikipedia! [[:m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[:m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 19:04, 30 Önwa Asaa 2013 (UTC) :<small>Distributed via [[:m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[:m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Fix here]].)</small> <!-- EdwardsBot 0549 --> == HTTPS for users with an account == Greetings. Starting on August 21 (tomorrow), all users with an account will be using [[m:w:en:HTTPS|HTTPS]] to access Wikimedia sites. HTTPS brings better security and improves your privacy. More information is available at [[m:HTTPS]]. If HTTPS causes problems for you, tell us [https://bugzilla.wikimedia.org on bugzilla], [[m:IRC|on IRC]] (in the <code>#wikimedia-operations</code> channel) or [[m:Talk:HTTPS|on meta]]. If you can't use the other methods, you can also send an e-mail to <code>https@wikimedia.org</code>. [[m:User:Greg (WMF)|Greg Grossmeier]] <small>(via the [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] system)</small>. 19:13, 20 Önwa Asáto 2013 (UTC) <small>(wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|You can fix it.]])</small> <!-- EdwardsBot 0560 --> == [[:m:Community Logo/Request for consultation|Request for consultation on community logo]] == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikimedia Community Logo.svg|thumb|Request for consultation on this community logo]] First, I’d like to apologize for the English. If you can, please help to translate this for other members of your community. The legal team at the Wikimedia Foundation would greatly appreciate your input on the best way to manage the "community logo" (pictured here) to best balance protection of the projects with community support. Accordingly, they have created a “request for consultation” on Meta where they set out briefly some of the issues to be considered and the options that they perceive. [[:m:Community Logo/Request for consultation|Your input would be invaluable]] in helping guide them in how best to serve our mission. Thank you! --[[m:User:Mdennis|Mdennis]] ([[m:User talk:Mdennis|talk]]) <small>(via the [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] system)</small>. 02:36, 24 Önwa Itolu 2013 (UTC) <small>(wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|You can fix it.]])</small> </div> <!-- EdwardsBot 0590 --> == [[mw:Echo|Notifications]] == [[File:Notifications-Flyout-Screenshot-08-10-2013-Cropped.png|thumb|300px|Notifications inform you of new activity that affects you -- and let you take quick action.]] ''(This message is in English, please translate as needed)'' Greetings! [[mw:Echo|Notifications]] will inform users about new activity that affects them on this wiki in a unified way: for example, this new tool will let you know when you have new talk page messages, edit reverts, mentions or links -- and is designed to augment (rather than replace) the watchlist. The Wikimedia Foundation's editor engagement team developed this tool (code-named 'Echo') earlier this year, to help users contribute more productively to MediaWiki projects. We're now getting ready to bring Notifications to almost all other Wikimedia sites, and are aiming for a 22 October deployment, as outlined in [[mw:Echo/Release_Plan_2013|this release plan]]. It is important that notifications is translated for all of the languages we serve. There are three major points of translation needed to be either done or checked: *[https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3AMessageGroupStats&x=D&group=ext-echo#sortable:3=desc Echo on translatewiki for user interface] - you must have an account on translatewiki to translate *[https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3AMessageGroupStats&x=D&group=ext-thanks#sortable:3=desc Thanks on translatewiki for user interface] - you must have an account on translatewiki to translate *[[mw:Help:Notifications|Notifications help on mediawiki.org]]. This page can be hosted after translation on mediawiki.org or we can localize it to this Wikipedia. You do not have to have an account to translate on mediawiki, but single-user login will create it for you there if you follow the link. :*[[mw:Echo/Release Plan 2013#Checklist|Checklist]] Please let us know if you have any questions, suggestions or comments about this new tool. For more information, visit [[mw:Echo_(Notifications)|this project hub]] and [[mw:Help:Notifications|this help page]]. [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 18:43, 4 Önwa Iri 2013 (UTC) :<small>(via the [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] system) (wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|You can fix it.]])</small> <!-- EdwardsBot 0597 --> == Speak up about the trademark registration of the Community logo. == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> Hi all, Please join the consultation about the Community logo that represents Meta-Wiki: [[:m:Community Logo/Request for consultation]]. This community consultation was commenced on September 24. The following day, two individuals filed a legal opposition against the registration of the Community logo. The question is whether the Wikimedia Foundation should seek a collective membership mark with respect to this logo or abandon its registration and protection of the trademark. We want to make sure that everyone get a chance to speak up so that we can get clear direction from the community. We would therefore really appreciate the community's help in translating this announcement from English so that everyone is able to understand it. Thanks, [[m:User:Geoffbrigham|Geoff]] & [[m:User:YWelinder (WMF)|Yana]] 20:17, 8 Önwa Iri 2013 (UTC) </div> <!-- EdwardsBot 0601 --> == Introducting Beta Features == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''(Apologies for writing in English. Please translate if necessary)'' We would like to let you know about [[mw:About_Beta_Features|Beta Features]], a new program from the Wikimedia Foundation that lets you try out new features before they are released for everyone. Think of it as a digital laboratory where community members can preview upcoming software and give feedback to help improve them. This special preference page lets designers and engineers experiment with new features on a broad scale, but in a way that's not disruptive. Beta Features is now ready for testing on [[mw:Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|MediaWiki.org]]. It will also be released on Wikimedia Commons and MetaWiki this Thursday, 7 November. Based on test results, the plan is to release it on all wikis worldwide on 21 November, 2013. Here are the first features you can test this week: * [[mw:Multimedia/About_Media_Viewer|Media Viewer]] — view images in large size or full screen * [[mw:VisualEditor/Beta_Features/Formulae|VisualEditor Formulæ]] (for wikis with [[mw:VisualEditor|VisualEditor]]) — edit algebra or equations on your pages * [[mw:Typography_Update|Typography Refresh]] — make text more readable (coming Thursday) Would you like to try out Beta Features now? After you log in on MediaWiki.org, a small 'Beta' link will appear next to your 'Preferences'. Click on it to see features you can test, check the ones you want, then click 'Save'. Learn more on the [[mw:About_Beta_Features|Beta Features page]]. After you've tested Beta Features, please let the developers know what you think on [[mw:Talk:About_Beta_Features|this discussion page]] -- or report any bugs [http://wmbug.com/new?product=MediaWiki%20extensions&component=BetaFeatures here on Bugzilla]. You're also welcome to join [[m:IRC_office_hours#Upcoming_office_hours|this IRC office hours chat]] on Friday, 8 November at 18:30 UTC. Beta Features was developed by the Wikimedia Foundation's Design, Multimedia and VisualEditor teams. Along with other developers, they will be adding new features to this experimental program every few weeks. They are very grateful to all the community members who helped create this project — and look forward to many more productive collaborations in the future. Enjoy, and don't forget to let developers know what you think! [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 20:04, 5 Önwa Iri na otu 2013 (UTC) :<small>Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] (wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Correct it here]])</small>, 20:04, 5 Önwa Iri na otu 2013 (UTC) </div> <!-- EdwardsBot 0622 --> == Call for comments on draft trademark policy == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> Hi all, The Wikimedia legal team invites you to participate in the development of the new Wikimedia trademark policy. The [[:wmf:Trademark policy|current trademark policy]] was introduced in 2009 to protect the [[:wmf:Wikimedia trademarks|Wikimedia marks]]. We are now updating this policy to better balance permissive use of the marks with the legal requirements for preserving them for the community. The new draft trademark policy is ready for your review [[:m:Trademark policy|here]], and we encourage you to discuss it [[:m:Talk:Trademark policy|here]]. We would appreciate if someone would translate this message into your language so more members of your community can contribute to the conversation. Thanks, <br /> [[:m:User:YWelinder (WMF)|Yana]] & [[:m:User:Geoffbrigham|Geoff]] </div> <!-- EdwardsBot 0657 --> == Call for project ideas: funding is available for community experiments == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:IEG_key_blue.png|100px|right]] ''I apologize if this message is not in your language. Please help translate it.'' Do you have an idea for a project that could improve your community? [[m:Grants:IEG|Individual Engagement Grants]] from the Wikimedia Foundation help support individuals and small teams to organize experiments for 6 months. You can get funding to try out your idea for online community organizing, outreach, tool-building, or research to help make {{SITENAME}} better. In March, we’re looking for new project proposals. Examples of past Individual Engagement Grant projects: *[[m:Grants:IEG/Build_an_effective_method_of_publicity_in_PRChina|Organizing social media for Chinese Wikipedia]] ($350 for materials) *[[m:Grants:IEG/Visual_editor-_gadgets_compatibility|Improving gadgets for Visual Editor]] ($4500 for developers) *[[m:Grants:IEG/The_Wikipedia_Library|Coordinating access to reliable sources for Wikipedians]] ($7500 for project management, consultants and materials) *[[m:Grants:IEG/Elaborate_Wikisource_strategic_vision|Building community and strategy for Wikisource]] (€10000 for organizing and travel) '''[[m:Grants:IEG#ieg-applying|Proposals]] are due by 31 March 2014.''' There are a number of ways to [[m:Grants:IEG|get involved]]! Hope to have your participation, --[[m:User:Sbouterse (WMF)|Siko Bouterse, Head of Individual Engagement Grants, Wikimedia Foundation]] 19:44, 28 Önwa Abụọ 2014 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:AKoval (WMF)@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=IEG/MassMessageList&oldid=7675744 --> == Proposed optional changes to Terms of Use amendment == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Hello all, in response to some community comments in the discussion on the amendment to the Terms of Use on undisclosed paid editing, we have prepared two optional changes. Please [[m:Terms_of_use/Paid_contributions_amendment#Optional_changes|read about these optional changes on Meta wiki]] and share your comments. If you can (and this is a non english project), please translate this announcement. Thanks! [[m:User:Slaporte (WMF)|Slaporte (WMF)]] 21:56, 13 Önwa Atọ 2014 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Jalexander@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=7592057 --> == Changes to the default site typography coming soon == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> This week, the typography on Wikimedia sites will be updated for all readers and editors who use the default "Vector" skin. This change will involve new serif fonts for some headings, small tweaks to body content fonts, text size, text color, and spacing between elements. The schedule is: * '''April 1st''': non-Wikipedia projects will see this change live * '''April 3rd''': Wikipedias will see this change live This change is very similar to the "Typography Update" Beta Feature that has been available on Wikimedia projects since November 2013. After several rounds of testing and with feedback from the community, this Beta Feature will be disabled and successful aspects enabled in the default site appearance. Users who are logged in may still choose to use another skin, or alter their [[Special:MyPage/vector.css|personal CSS]], if they prefer a different appearance. Local [[MediaWiki:Common.css|common CSS]] styles will also apply as normal, for issues with local styles and scripts that impact all users. For more information: * [[mw:Typography refresh|Summary of changes and FAQ]] * [[mw:Talk:Typography refresh|Discussion page]] for feedback or questions * [https://blog.wikimedia.org/2014/03/27/typography-refresh/ Post] on blog.wikimedia.org -- [[m:User:Steven (WMF)|Steven Walling]] (Product Manager) on behalf of the Wikimedia Foundation's [[mw:Design|User Experience Design]] team </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Steven (WMF)@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=7990801 --> == Using only [[commons:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Upload Wizard|UploadWizard]] for uploads == [[Image:Commons-logo.svg|right|220px|alt=Wikimedia Commons logo]] <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello! It was noted that on this wiki you have [[Special:Statistics|less than 10 local files]]. Presumably, you therefore don't have interest nor energies to have [[commons:Category:Licensing templates|hundreds templates]] with the [[mw:Multimedia/Media Viewer/Template compatibility|now required HTML]], even less a local [[m:EDP|EDP]]. However, this means that users here will experience a mostly broken and/or [[wmf:Resolution:Licensing policy|illegal]] uploading. I propose to * '''have [[Special:Upload|local upload]] [[commons:Commons:Turning off local uploads|restricted]]''' to the "{{int:group-sysop}}" group (for emergency uploads) and * the '''sidebar point to [[commons:Special:UploadWizard]]''', so that you can avoid local maintenance and all users can have a functioning, easy upload interface [[translatewiki:Special:Translate/ext-uploadwizard|in their own language]]. All registered users can upload on Commons and [[Special:ListFiles|existing files]] will not be affected. I'll get this done in one week from now. # If you disagree with the proposal, just [[m:User:Nemo bis/Unused local uploads|remove your wiki from the list]]. # To make the UploadWizard even better, please tell your experience and ideas on [[commons:Commons:Upload Wizard feedback]]. [[m:User:Nemo_bis|Nemo]] 20:38, 19 Önwa Ise 2014 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Nemo bis@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Nemo_bis/Unused_local_uploads&oldid=8578536 --> == Media Viewer == <br> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Greetings, my apologies for writing in English. I wanted to let you know that [[mw:Multimedia/About Media Viewer|Media Viewer]] will be released to this wiki in the coming weeks. Media Viewer allows readers of Wikimedia projects to have an enhanced view of files without having to visit the file page, but with more detail than a thumbnail. You can try Media Viewer out now by turning it on in your [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta Features]]. If you do not enjoy Media Viewer or if it interferes with your work after it is turned on you will be able to disable Media Viewer as well in your [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|preferences]]. I invite you to [[mw:Talk:Multimedia/About Media Viewer|share what you think]] about Media Viewer and how it can be made better in the future. Thank you for your time. - [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] 21:29, 23 Önwa Ise 2014 (UTC) <small>--This message was sent using [[m:MassMessage|MassMessage]]. Was there an error? [[m:Talk:MassMessage|Report it!]]</small> </div> </br> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Keegan_(WMF)/MassMessage/Multimedia/Media_Viewer&oldid=8631315 --> == Media Viewer is now live on this wiki == <br> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:Media_Viewer_Desktop_-_Large_Image_Opaque_Info.png|thumb|Media Viewer lets you see images in larger size]] Greetings— and sorry for writing in English, please translate if it will help your community, The Wikimedia Foundation's [[mw:Multimedia|Multimedia team]] is happy to announce that [[mw:Multimedia/About Media Viewer|Media Viewer]] was just released on this site today. Media Viewer displays images in larger size when you click on their thumbnails, to provide a better viewing experience. Users can now view images faster and more clearly, without having to jump to separate pages — and its user interface is more intuitive, offering easy access to full-resolution images and information, with links to the file repository for editing. The tool has been tested extensively across all Wikimedia wikis over the past six months as a [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta Feature]] and has been [[mw:Multimedia/Media_Viewer/Release_Plan#Timeline|released]] to the largest Wikipedias, all language Wikisources, and the English Wikivoyage already. If you do not like this feature, you can easily turn it off by clicking on "Disable Media Viewer" at the bottom of the screen, pulling up the information panel (or in your [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|your preferences]]) whether you have an account or not. Learn more [[mw:Help:Multimedia/Media_Viewer#How_can_I_turn_off_this_feature.3F|in this Media Viewer Help page]]. Please let us know if you have any questions or comments about Media Viewer. You are invited to [[mw:Talk:Multimedia/About_Media_Viewer|share your feedback in this discussion on MediaWiki.org]] in any language, to help improve this feature. You are also welcome to [https://www.surveymonkey.com/s/media-viewer-1-all?c=announce-all take this quick survey in English], [https://www.surveymonkey.com/s/media-viewer-1-fr en français], [https://www.surveymonkey.com/s/media-viewer-1-es o español]. We hope you enjoy Media Viewer. Many thanks to all the community members who helped make it possible. - [[mw:User:Fabrice Florin (WMF)|Fabrice Florin (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Fabrice Florin (WMF)|talk]]) 21:54, 19 Önwa Isii 2014 (UTC) <small>--This message was sent using [[m:MassMessage|MassMessage]]. Was there an error? [[m:Talk:MassMessage|Report it!]]</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Keegan_(WMF)/MassMessage/Multimedia/Media_Viewer&oldid=8631315 --> == IMPORTANT: Admin activity review == Hello. A new policy regarding the removal of "advanced rights" (administrator, bureaucrat, etc) was recently adopted by [[:m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders|global community consensus]] (your community received a notice about the discussion). According to this policy, the [[:m:stewards|stewards]] are reviewing administrators' activity on smaller wikis. To the best of our knowledge, your wiki does not have a formal process for removing "advanced rights" from inactive accounts. This means that the stewards will take care of this according to the new [[:m:Admin activity review|admin activity review]] here. We have determined that the following users meet the inactivity criteria (no edits and no log actions for more than 2 years): #Kerowren (administrator) These users will receive a notification soon, asking them to start a community discussion if they want to retain some or all of their rights. If the users do not respond, then their advanced rights will be removed by the stewards. However, if you as a community would like to create your own activity review process superseding the global one, want to make another decision about these inactive rights holders, or already have a policy that we missed, then please notify the [[:m:Stewards' noticeboard|stewards on Meta-Wiki]] so that we know not to proceed with the rights review on your wiki. Thanks, '''[[User:Rschen7754|Rs]][[User talk:Rschen7754|chen]][[Special:Contributions/Rschen7754|7754]]''' 20:32, 1 Önwa Asaa 2014 (UTC) == Letter petitioning WMF to reverse recent decisions == The Wikimedia Foundation recently created a new feature, "superprotect" status. The purpose is to prevent pages from being edited by elected administrators -- but permitting WMF staff to edit them. It has been put to use in only one case: to protect the deployment of the Media Viewer software on German Wikipedia, in defiance of a clear decision of that community to disable the feature by default, unless users decide to enable it. If you oppose these actions, please add your name to this letter. If you know non-Wikimedians who support our vision for the free sharing of knowledge, and would like to add their names to the list, please ask them to sign an identical version of the letter on change.org. * [[:m:Letter to Wikimedia Foundation: Superprotect and Media Viewer|Letter to Wikimedia Foundation: Superprotect and Media Viewer]] * [http://www.change.org/p/lila-tretikov-remove-new-superprotect-status-and-permit-wikipedia-communities-to-enact-current-software-decisions-uninhibited Letter on change.org] -- [[:m:User:JurgenNL|JurgenNL]] ([[:m:User talk:JurgenNL|talk]]) 17:35, 21 Önwa Asáto 2014 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:JurgenNL@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=9313374 --> == Process ideas for software development == <div class=”mw-content-ltr”> ’’My apologies for writing in English.’’ Hello, I am notifying you that a brainstorming session has been [[:m:Community Engagement (Product)/Process ideas|started on Meta]] to help the Wikimedia Foundation increase and better affect community participation in software development across all wiki projects. Basically, how can you be more involved in helping to create features on Wikimedia projects? We are inviting all interested users to voice their ideas on how communities can be more involved and informed in the product development process at the Wikimedia Foundation. It would be very appreciated if you could translate this message to help inform your local communities as well. I and the rest of [[:m:Community Engagement (Product)|my team]] welcome you to participate. We hope to see you on Meta. Kind regards, -- [[m:User:Rdicerb (WMF)|Rdicerb (WMF)]] [[m:User talk:Rdicerb (WMF)|talk]] 22:15, 21 Önwa Asáto 2014 (UTC) <small>--This message was sent using [[m:MassMessage|MassMessage]]. Was there an error? [[m:Talk:MassMessage|Report it!]]</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=9313374 --> == Grants to improve your project == :''Apologies for English. Please help translate this message.'' Greetings! The [[:m:Grants:IEG|Individual Engagement Grants program]] is accepting proposals for funding new experiments from September 1st to 30th. Your idea could improve Wikimedia projects with a new tool or gadget, a better process to support community-building on your wiki, research on an important issue, or something else we haven't thought of yet. Whether you need $200 or $30,000 USD, Individual Engagement Grants can cover your own project development time in addition to hiring others to help you. *'''[[:m:Grants:IEG#ieg-apply|Submit your proposal]]''' *'''Get help''': In [[:m:Grants:IdeaLab|IdeaLab]] or an upcoming [[:m:Grants:IdeaLab/Events#Upcoming_events|Hangout session]] [[Ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 16:51, 2 Önwa Itolu 2014 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:PEarley (WMF)@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:PEarley_(WMF)/Sandbox&oldid=9730503 --> == VisualEditor available on Internet Explorer 11 == <div class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|right|frameless|200x200px]] VisualEditor will become available to users of Microsoft Internet Explorer 11 during today's regular software update. Support for some earlier versions of Internet Explorer is being worked on. If you encounter problems with VisualEditor on Internet Explorer, please contact the Editing team by leaving a message at [[:mw:VisualEditor/Feedback|VisualEditor/Feedback]] on Mediawiki.org. Happy editing, [[:mw:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]] 07:29, 11 Önwa Itolu 2014 (UTC). PS. Please subscribe to the [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|global monthly newsletter]] to receive further news about VisualEditor. </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/VisualEditor/All_Wikipedias&oldid=9829651 --> == Meta RfCs on two new global groups == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Hello all, There are currently requests for comment open on meta to create two new global groups. The first is a group for members of the OTRS permissions queue, which would grant them autopatrolled rights on all wikis except those who opt-out. That proposal can be found at [[m:Requests for comment/Creation of a global OTRS-permissions user group]]. The second is a group for Wikimedia Commons admins and OTRS agents to view deleted file pages through the 'viewdeletedfile' right on all wikis except those who opt-out. The second proposal can be found at [[m:Requests for comment/Global file deletion review]]. We would like to hear what you think on both proposals. Both are in English; if you wanted to translate them into your native language that would also be appreciated. It is possible for individual projects to opt-out, so that users in those groups do not have any additional rights on those projects. To do this please start a local discussion, and if there is consensus you can request to opt-out of either or both at [[m:Stewards' noticeboard]]. Thanks and regards, [[m:User:Ajraddatz|Ajraddatz]] ([[m:User talk:Ajraddatz|talk]]) 18:05, 26 Önwa Iri 2014 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ajraddatz@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=10024331 --> == New Wikipedia Library Accounts Now Available (November 2014) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''Apologies for writing in English, please help translate this into your local language.'' Hello Wikimedians! [[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|150px|The TWL OWL says sign up today :)]] [[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for, free, full-access accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for: *'''DeGruyter''': 1000 new accounts for English and German-language research. Sign up on one of two language Wikipedias: **[[w:en:Wikipedia:De_Gruyter|English signup]] **[[w:de:Wikipedia:De_Gruyter|Deutsch signup]] *'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Fold3|Fold3]]''': 100 new accounts for American history and military archives *'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:ScotlandsPeople|Scotland's People]]''': 100 new accounts for Scottish genealogy database *'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:BNA|British Newspaper Archive]]''': expanded by 100+ accounts for British newspapers *'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:HighBeam|Highbeam]]''': 100+ remaining accounts for newspaper and magazine archives *'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Questia| Questia]]''': 100+ remaining accounts for journal and social science articles *'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:JSTOR|JSTOR]]''': 100+ remaining accounts for journal archives Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today! <br>--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]].23:19, 5 Önwa Iri na otu 2014 (UTC) :''You can host and coordinate signups for a Wikipedia Library branch in your own language. Please contact [[m:User:Ocaasi_(WMF)|Ocaasi (WMF)]].''<br> :<small>This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Sadads@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&oldid=9909230 --> == Global AbuseFilter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Hello, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] is a MediaWiki extension used to detect likely abusive behavior patterns, like pattern vandalism and spam. In 2013, [[m:Special:Mylanguage/Global AbuseFilter|Global AbuseFilters]] were enabled on a limited set of wikis including Meta-Wiki, MediaWiki.org, Wikispecies and (in early 2014) all the "[https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=small.dblist small wikis]". Recently, global abuse filters were enabled on "[https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=medium.dblist medium sized wikis]" as well. These filters are currently managed by stewards on Meta-Wiki and have shown to be very effective in preventing mass spam attacks across Wikimedia projects. However, there is currently no policy on how the global AbuseFilters will be managed although there are proposals. There is an ongoing [[m:Requests for comment/Global AbuseFilter|request for comment]] on policy governing the use of the global AbuseFilters. In the meantime, specific wikis can opt out of using the global AbuseFilter. These wikis can simply add a request to [[m:Global AbuseFilter/Opt-out wikis|this list]] on Meta-Wiki. More details can be found on [[m:Special:Mylanguage/Global AbuseFilter/2014 announcement|this page]] at Meta-Wiki. If you have any questions, feel free to ask on [[m:Talk:Global AbuseFilter|m:Talk:Global AbuseFilter]]. Thanks, [[m:User:PiRSquared17|PiRSquared17]], [[m:User:Glaisher|Glaisher]]</div> — 17:34, 14 Önwa Iri na otu 2014 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Glaisher@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_AbuseFilter/2014_announcement_distribution_list&oldid=10495115 --> == New Wikipedia Library Accounts Now Available (December 2014) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''Apologies for writing in English, please help translate this into your local language.'' Hello Wikimedians! [[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|150px|The TWL OWL says sign up today :)]] [[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for, free, full-access accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials from: *[[w:en:WP:ELSEVIER|Elsevier]] - science and medicine journals and books *[[w:en:WP:RSC Gold|Royal Society of Chemistry]] - chemistry journals *[[w:en:wp:Pelican Books|Pelican Books]] - ebook monographs *[[w:en:WP:Public Catalogue Foundation|Public Catalogue Foundation]]- art books Other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[w:en:WP:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|our partners page]]. Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today! <br>--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]].00:22, 18 Önwa Iri na abụọ 2014 (UTC) :''You can host and coordinate signups for a Wikipedia Library branch in your own language. Please contact [[m:User:Ocaasi_(WMF)|Ocaasi (WMF)]].''<br> :<small>This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Sadads@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&oldid=10542996 --> == [Global proposal] m.{{SITENAME}}.org: {{int:group-all}} {{int:right-edit}} == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:Mediawiki-mobile-smartphone.png|thumb|MediaWiki mobile]] Hi, this message is to let you know that, on domains like {{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}.'''m'''.wikipedia.org, '''unregistered users cannot edit'''. At the Wikimedia Forum, where global configuration changes are normally discussed, a few dozens users [[m:Wikimedia Forum#Proposal: restore normal editing permissions on all mobile sites|propose to restore normal editing permissions on all mobile sites]]. Please read and comment! Thanks and sorry for writing in English, [[m:User:Nemo_bis|Nemo]] 22:33, 1 Önwa Atọ 2015 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Nemo bis@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=11428885 --> == New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (March 2015) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''Apologies for writing in English, please help translate this into your local language.'' Hello Wikimedians! [[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|150px|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]] [[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for, free, full-access accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials from: *[[w:en:WP:Project MUSE|Project MUSE]] — humanities and social science books and journals *[[w:en:Wikipedia:DynaMed|DynaMed]] — clinical reference tool for medical topics *[[w:en:Wikipedia:Royal Pharmaceutical Society|Royal Pharmaceutical Society]] — pharmaceutical information and practice resources *[[w:en:Wikipedia:Women_Writers_Online|Women Writers Online]] — a digital humanities database focused on women's literature *[[w:en:Wikipedia:Newspapers.com|Newspapers.com]] — American newspapers database w/ Open Access opportunities (expansion of accounts) Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[w:en:WP:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|our partners page]]. Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today! <br>--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 21:14, 2 Önwa Atọ 2015 (UTC) :''Help us coordinate Wikipedia Library's distribution of accounts, communication of access opportunities and more! Please join our team at [[w:en:Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library/Coordinators/Signup|our new coordinator page]].''<br> :<small>This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Sadads@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&oldid=10785744 --> == Inspire Campaign: Improving diversity, improving content == This March, we’re organizing an Inspire Campaign to encourage and support new ideas for improving gender diversity on Wikimedia projects. Less than 20% of Wikimedia contributors are women, and many important topics are still missing in our content. We invite all Wikimedians to participate. If you have an idea that could help address this problem, please get involved today! The campaign runs until March 31. All proposals are welcome - research projects, technical solutions, community organizing and outreach initiatives, or something completely new! Funding is available from the Wikimedia Foundation for projects that need financial support. Constructive, positive feedback on ideas is appreciated, and collaboration is encouraged - your skills and experience may help bring someone else’s project to life. Join us at the Inspire Campaign and help this project better represent the world’s knowledge! :*[[:m:Grants:IdeaLab/Inspire|Inspire Campaign main page]] ''(Sorry for the English - please translate this message!)'' [[Ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 20:01, 4 Önwa Atọ 2015 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:PEarley (WMF)@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:PEarley_(WMF)/Inspire_Mass_Message&oldid=11457822 --> == Feedback request: VisualEditor's special character inserter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''I apologize for writing in English. Please translate this message so that all of your editors can read it. Thank you!'' Hi everybody, my name is Erica, and I am a Community Liaison at the Wikimedia Foundation. I'm writing to you because the [[:mw:Editing/Team|Editing team at WMF]] wants to know what you think about [[:mw:VisualEditor|VisualEditor]] and its new {{int:visualeditor-specialcharacterinspector-title}} tool. This change will affect all users on [[:mw:VisualEditor/Rollouts|about 50 Wikipedias]], including your Wikipedia. Many editors at these Wikipedias need a special character tool to be able to write articles correctly, which is why we are asking you now. The new special character inserter tool is available in VisualEditor now. Admins at your wiki can change the contents by following [[:mw:VisualEditor/Special characters|the directions at mediawiki.org]]. [[File:VisualEditor special character inserter March 2015.png|alt=Screenshot from VisualEditor that shows the special character inserter|centre|thumb|800x800px|New design for the special character inserter. The red arrow points to the button for the tool, which is marked with Ω (omega).]] '''To test the {{int:visualeditor-specialcharacterinspector-title}}''' tool''', please:''' # '''Opt-in to VisualEditor''' by going to [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures]] and choosing "{{int:visualeditor}}". Save your preferences. # '''Edit any article or your user page''' in VisualEditor by clicking on the new "{{int:vector-view-edit}}" tab at the top of the page. See the [[:mw:Help:VisualEditor/User guide]] for information on how to use VisualEditor. # '''Please post your comments and the language(s) that you tested''' at [[:mw:VisualEditor/Feedback#Updated_special_character_inserter_tool_54649|the feedback thread on Mediawiki.org]]. The developers would like to know what you think about this new design. It is important that they hear from as many editors as possible. You may leave your comments in any language. When the special character tool has been refined a little more based on your thoughts, we will offer VisualEditor by default to all editors at ''this'' wiki. If you want to help prepare, please read [[mw:Help:VisualEditor/VE_as_the_main_editor|the advice on mediawiki.org]]. Thank you, [[User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]] [[User talk:Elitre (WMF)|(talk)]] 18:33, 12 Önwa Atọ 2015 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Newsletter/Phase_5_wikis&oldid=11481628 --> == SUL finalization update == <div class="mw-content-ltr"> Hi all,apologies for writing in English, please read [[m:Single_User_Login_finalisation_announcement/Schema_announcement|this page]] for important information and an update involving [[m:Help:Unified login|SUL finalization]], scheduled to take place in one month. Thanks. [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 19:45, 13 Önwa Atọ 2015 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Keegan_(WMF)/Everyone_but_meta_and_de&oldid=11538208 --> == VisualEditor coming to this wiki == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|right|frameless]] ''Hello again. Please excuse the English. I would be grateful if you can translate this message!'' <mark>[[:mw:VisualEditor/Portal|'''VisualEditor''']] is coming to all editors at this Wikipedia on Monday, March 30th.</mark> {{int:visualeditor}} is software that allows people to edit articles without needing to learn wikitext code (like typing <nowiki>[[</nowiki> to start a link). You don't have to wait until the deployment to test it; '''you can test {{int:visualeditor}} right now.''' To turn it on, select [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|"Beta"]] in your preferences. Choose "{{int:visualeditor}}" and click save. Now, when you press the "{{int:vector-view-edit}}" button to edit an article, you will get the new VisualEditor software. To use the wikitext editor, you can press "{{int:visualeditor-ca-editsource}}". (After the deployment, everyone will automatically have the option to use either VisualEditor or the current wikitext editor.) For more information about how to use VisualEditor, see [[:mw:Help:VisualEditor/User guide]]. More information about [[:mw:Help:VisualEditor/VE_as_the_main_editor|preparing for VisualEditor is posted here]]. * It's easier to add templates if you've added [[:mw:TemplateData|TemplateData]] instructions to them. * Please help translate the pages about VisualEditor here and on MediaWiki.org, and its user interface. See [[:mw:VisualEditor/TranslationCentral|VisualEditor TranslationCentral]] for general information. To translate the user guide, go to [[:mw:Help:VisualEditor/User_guide|the MediaWiki.org page]], and select "{{int:translate-tag-translate-link-desc}}". Your language should be available from the drop-down menu on the right. Once you've done this, you'll see the document in English side by side with any translation work already done in your language. You can add new translations or change old translations. To translate the user interface, you need to create an account at translatewiki.net. Contact me personally if you need help with that. * We need your help to improve the software! Please let us know if you find any problems. You can report issues in [[:phab:|Phabricator, the new bug tracking system]] or on the [[:mw:VisualEditor/Feedback|central feedback page]] on MediaWiki.org. If you notice major issues affecting your project, please leave a note on my talk page. If it's an emergency (like an unexpected bug causing widespread problems), reach out to James Forrester, the Product Manager, at jforrester@wikimedia.org or on [[:m:IRC|IRC]] in the #mediawiki-visualeditor channel. <div style="float: right;">[[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter/Phase 5 wikis|''Wrong target page? Fix it here'']]'' • [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Sign up for VisualEditor's multilingual newsletter]] </div> Thank you, and happy editing! --[[User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]] [[User talk:Elitre (WMF)|(talk)]] 19:38, 19 Önwa Atọ 2015 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Newsletter/Phase_5_wikis&oldid=11630509 --> == VisualEditor now active here == <div class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[Image:VisualEditor - Icon - Help.svg|thumb|upright|Click this icon while in VisualEditor for a link to the [[:mw:Help:VisualEditor/User guide|User Guide]].]] Hello again (and again, apologies for using English on this page. Please do translate my message, if you can!). As some of you have noticed, '''this Wikipedia now has [[:mw:VisualEditor|{{int:visualeditor}}]] (VisualEditor or "VE") enabled for all users'''. There are now two tabs for editing: "{{int:vector-view-edit}}" and "{{int:visualeditor-ca-editsource}}". Click "{{int:vector-view-edit}}" to use VisualEditor. Click "{{int:visualeditor-ca-editsource}}" to edit using wikitext markup. All edits using VisualEditor will be tagged with "Tag:{{Int:visualeditor}}" in recent changes, watchlists, and page histories. To access the [[:mw:Help:VisualEditor/User guide|User Guide for VisualEditor]], click on the "(?)" icon in VisualEditor's toolbar. If you wish to disable VisualEditor, this can be done under [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|"Editing" in your preferences]]. Please report any software "bugs" or errors you find at [[:mw:VisualEditor/Feedback|MediaWiki’s VisualEditor Feedback page]]. Translations for the user interface and its help guide are still needed: you can '''learn how to support your community with this and other tasks at [[:mw:Help:VisualEditor/VE as the main editor|this instructions page]]'''. Please contact me if you need further help though. Happy editing, [[:mw:User:Elitre (WMF)|User:Elitre (WMF)]] [[:mw:User talk:Elitre (WMF)|(talk)]] 15:09, 30 Önwa Atọ 2015 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Newsletter/Phase_5_wikis&oldid=11630802 --> == Stewards confirmation rules == Hello, I made [[:m:Requests_for_comment/Confirmation_of_stewards|a proposal on Meta]] to change the rules for the steward confirmations. Currently consensus to remove is required for a steward to lose his status, however I think it's fairer to the community if every steward needed the consensus to keep. As this is an issue that affects all WMF wikis, I'm sending this notification to let people know & be able to participate. Best regards, --<small>[[User:MF-Warburg|MF-W]]</small> 16:13, 10 Önwa Anọ 2015 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:MF-Warburg@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=11737694 --> == VisualEditor News #2—2015 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div style="margin:0.5em;width:230px;{{#switch:ltr|rtl=float:left;margin-left:0;|#default=float:right;margin-right:0;}}border:1px solid #AAA;padding:0.5em;"> [[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200x70px|center|alt=VisualEditor]] '''Did you know?''' <div class="thumbcaption" style="font-size: 90%;"> With [[:mw:Citoid|Citoid]] in VisualEditor, you click the 'book with bookmark' icon and paste in the URL for a reliable source: [[File:Citoid in VisualEditor Screen Shot 2015-04-02.png|alt=Screenshot of Citoid's first dialog|centre|frameless|230x230px]] Citoid looks up the source for you and returns the citation results. Click the green "Insert" button to accept its results and add them to the article: [[File:Citoid results in VisualEditor Screen Shot 2015-04-02.png|alt=Screenshot of Citoid's initial results|centre|frameless|230x230px]] After inserting the citation, you can change it. Select the reference, and click the "Edit" button in the context menu to make changes. [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/User guide|The user guide]] has more information about how to use VisualEditor. </div></div> Since the last newsletter, the [[:mw:VisualEditor|Editing Team]] has fixed many bugs and worked on VisualEditor's performance, the [[:mw:Citoid|Citoid]] reference service, and support for languages with complex input requirements. Status reports are posted [[:mw:VisualEditor/changelog|on Mediawiki.org]]. The worklist for April through June is available [[phab:project/sprint/board/1113/|in Phabricator]]. The weekly '''task triage meetings''' continue to be open to volunteers, each Wednesday at [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20150401T11&p1=224&am=30 11:00 (noon) PDT] (18:00 UTC). You do not need to attend the meeting to nominate a bug for consideration as a Q4 blocker. Instead, go to Phabricator and "associate" the [[phab:tag/editing_department_2014_15_q4_blockers/|Editing team's Q4 blocker project]] with the bug. Learn how to join the meetings and how to nominate bugs at [[:mw:Talk:VisualEditor/Portal|mw:Talk:VisualEditor/Portal]]. === Recent improvements === VisualEditor is now substantially faster. In many cases, opening the page in VisualEditor is now faster than opening it in the wikitext editor. The new system has improved the code speed by 37% and [[:mw:RESTBase|network speed]] by almost 40%. The Editing team is slowly adding '''auto-fill features''' '''for citations'''. This is currently available only at the French, Italian, and English Wikipedias. The '''[[:mw:Citoid|Citoid service]]''' takes a [[:en:URL|URL]] or [[:en:Digital object identifier|DOI]] for a reliable source, and returns a pre-filled, pre-formatted bibliographic citation. After creating it, you will be able to change or add information to the citation, in the same way that you edit any other pre-existing citation in VisualEditor. Support for [[:en:ISBN|ISBNs]], [[:en:PubMed#PubMed_identifier|PMIDs]], and other identifiers is planned. Later, editors will be able to improve precision and reduce the need for manual corrections by contributing to the Citoid service's definitions for each website. Citoid requires good [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData|TemplateData]] for your citation templates. If you would like to request this feature for your wiki, please post a request in the [[phab:tag/citoid/|Citoid project on Phabricator]]. Include links to the TemplateData for the most important citation templates on your wiki. The '''special character inserter''' has been improved, based upon feedback from active users. After this, VisualEditor was made available to all users of Wikipedias on the [[:mw:VisualEditor/Rollouts|Phase 5]] list on 30 March. This affected 53 mid-size and smaller Wikipedias, including '''Afrikaans''', '''Azerbaijani''', '''Breton''', '''Kyrgyz''', '''Macedonian''', '''Mongolian''', '''Tatar''', and''' Welsh'''. Work continues to support languages with complex requirements, such as Korean and Japanese. These languages use [[w:input method editor|input method editors]] ("IMEs”). Recent improvements to cursoring, backspace, and delete behavior will simplify typing in VisualEditor for these users. The design for the image selection process is now using a "masonry fit" model. Images in the search results are displayed at the same height but at variable widths, similar to bricks of different sizes in a masonry wall, or the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Images#Mode parameter|"packed" mode in image galleries]]. This style helps you find the right image by making it easier to see more details in images. You can now '''drag and drop categories''' to re-arrange their order of appearance ​on the page. The pop-up window that appears when you click on a reference, image, link, or other element, is called the "context menu". It now displays additional useful information, such as the destination of the link or the image's filename. The team has also added an explicit "Edit" button in the context menu, which helps new editors open the tool to change the item. '''Invisible templates are marked by a puzzle piece icon''' so they can be interacted with. Users also will be able to see and edit HTML anchors now in section headings. Users of the TemplateData GUI editor can now set a string as an optional text for the 'deprecated' property in addition to boolean value, which lets you tell users of the template what they should do instead. ([https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T90734 T90734]) === Looking ahead === The special character inserter in VisualEditor will soon use the same special character list as the wikitext editor. Admins at each wiki will also have the option of creating a custom section for frequently used characters at the top of the list. Instructions for customizing the list will be posted [[:mw:VisualEditor/Special_characters|at mediawiki.org]]. The team is discussing a test of VisualEditor with new users at the English Wikipedia, to see whether they have met their goals of making VisualEditor suitable for those editors. The timing is unknown, but might be relatively soon. ([https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T90666 T90666]) === Let's work together === * Share your ideas and ask questions at [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Feedback&lqt_method=talkpage_new_thread mw:VisualEditor/Feedback]. * Can you translate from English into any other language? Please check [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3AMessageGroupStats&x=D&group=ext-visualeditor-ve&suppressempty=1 this list] to see whether more interface translations are needed for your language. [[m:User talk:Elitre (WMF)|Contact us]] to get an account if you want to help! * The design research team wants to see how real editors work. Please [https://jfe.qualtrics.com/form/SV_6R04ammTX8uoJFP sign up for their research program]. * File requests for language-appropriate "{{Int:visualeditor-annotationbutton-bold-tooltip}}" and "{{Int:visualeditor-annotationbutton-italic-tooltip}}" icons for the character formatting menu [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/maniphest/task/create/?projects=PHID-PROJ-dafezmpv6huxg3taml24 in Phabricator]. Subscribe, unsubscribe or change the page where this newsletter is delivered at [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Meta]]. If you aren't reading this in your favorite language, then please help us with translations! Subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Elitre_(WMF)&action=edit&section=new contact us] directly, so that we can notify you when the next issue is ready. Thank you! — <span class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">[[:mw:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]]</span> </div> 19:48, 10 Önwa Anọ 2015 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&oldid=11742174 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/Call for candidates|Nominations are being accepted for 2015 Wikimedia Foundation elections]] == ''This is a message from the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/Committee|2015 Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]]. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/MassMessages/Accepting nominations|Translations]] are available.'' [[File:Wikimedia Foundation logo - vertical (2012-2016).svg|100px|right]] Greetings, I am pleased to announce that nominations are now being accepted for the 2015 Wikimedia Foundation Elections. This year the Board and the FDC Staff are looking for a diverse set of candidates from regions and projects that are traditionally under-represented on the board and in the movement as well as candidates with experience in technology, product or finance. To this end they have [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/Call for candidates|published letters]] describing what they think is needed and, recognizing that those who know the community the best are the community themselves, the election committee is [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015|accepting nominations]] for community members you think should run and will reach out to those nominated to provide them with information about the job and the election process. This year, elections are being held for the following roles: ''Board of Trustees''<br/> The Board of Trustees is the decision-making body that is ultimately responsible for the long term sustainability of the Foundation, so we value wide input into its selection. There are three positions being filled. More information about this role can be found at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/Board elections/2015|the board elections page]]. ''Funds Dissemination Committee (FDC)''<br/> The Funds Dissemination Committee (FDC) makes recommendations about how to allocate Wikimedia movement funds to eligible entities. There are five positions being filled. More information about this role can be found at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/FDC elections/2015|the FDC elections page]]. ''Funds Dissemination Committee (FDC) Ombud''<br/> The FDC Ombud receives complaints and feedback about the FDC process, investigates complaints at the request of the Board of Trustees, and summarizes the investigations and feedback for the Board of Trustees on an annual basis. One position is being filled. More information about this role can be found at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/FDC Ombudsperson elections/2015|the FDC Ombudsperson elections page]]. The candidacy submission phase lasts from 00:00 UTC April 20 to 23:59 UTC May 5 for the Board and from 00:00 UTCApril 20 to 23:59 UTC April 30 for the FDC and FDC Ombudsperson. This year, we are accepting both self-nominations and nominations of others. More information on this election and the nomination process can be found on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015|the 2015 Wikimedia elections page on Meta-Wiki]]. Please feel free to post a note about the election on your project's village pump. Any questions related to the election can be posted on the talk page on Meta, or sent to the election committee's mailing list, board-elections -at- wikimedia.org On behalf of the Elections Committee,<br/> -Gregory Varnum ([[m:User:Varnent|User:Varnent]])<br/> Coordinator, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/Committee|2015 Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]] ''Posted by the [[m:User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] on behalf of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/Committee|2015 Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]], 05:03, 21 April 2015 (UTC) • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/MassMessages/Accepting nominations|Translate]] • [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015|Get help]] <!-- Message sent by User:Varnent@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=11918510 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/MassMessages/FDC voting has begun|Wikimedia Foundation Funds Dissemination Committee elections 2015]] == [[File:Wikimedia Foundation RGB logo with text.svg|right|75px|link=m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/MassMessages/FDC voting has begun]] ''This is a message from the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/Committee|2015 Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]]. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/MassMessages/FDC voting has begun|Translations]] are available.'' [[m:Special:SecurePoll/vote/336|Voting has begun]] for [[m:Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015#Requirements|eligible voters]] in the 2015 elections for the ''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/FDC elections/2015|Funds Dissemination Committee]]'' (FDC) and ''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/FDC Ombudsperson elections/2015|FDC Ombudsperson]]''. Questions and discussion with the candidates for the ''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/FDC elections/2015/Questions|Funds Dissemination Committee]]'' (FDC) and ''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/FDC Ombudsperson elections/2015/Questions|FDC Ombudsperson]]'' will continue during the voting. Nominations for the ''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/Board elections/2015|Board of Trustees]]'' will be accepted until 23:59 UTC May 5. The ''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:APG/Funds Dissemination Committee|Funds Dissemination Committee]]'' (FDC) makes recommendations about how to allocate Wikimedia movement funds to eligible entities. There are five positions on the committee being filled. The ''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:APG/Funds Dissemination Committee/Ombudsperson role, expectations, and selection process|FDC Ombudsperson]]'' receives complaints and feedback about the FDC process, investigates complaints at the request of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees|Board of Trustees]], and summarizes the investigations and feedback for the Board of Trustees on an annual basis. One position is being filled. The voting phase lasts from 00:00 UTC May 3 to 23:59 UTC May 10. '''[[m:Special:SecurePoll/vote/336|Click here to vote]].''' Questions and discussion with the candidates will continue during that time. '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/FDC elections/2015/Questions|Click here to ask the FDC candidates a question]]. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/FDC Ombudsperson elections/2015/Questions|Click here to ask the FDC Ombudsperson candidates a question]].''' More information on the candidates and the elections can be found on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/FDC elections/2015|2015 FDC election page]], the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/FDC Ombudsperson elections/2015|2015 FDC Ombudsperson election page]], and the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/Board elections/2015|2015 Board election page]] on Meta-Wiki. On behalf of the Elections Committee,<br/> -Gregory Varnum ([[m:User:Varnent|User:Varnent]])<br/> Volunteer Coordinator, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/Committee|2015 Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]] ''Posted by the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] 03:45, 4 May 2015 (UTC) • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/MassMessages/FDC voting has begun|Translate]] • [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015|Get help]] <!-- Message sent by User:Varnent@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=12082785 --> == New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (May 2015) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''Apologies for writing in English, please help translate this into your local language.'' Hello Wikimedians! [[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|150px|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]] Today [[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] announces signups for more free, full-access accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials from: * '''[[w:en:WP:MIT|MIT Press Journals]]''' — scholarly journals in the humanities, sciences, and social sciences (200 accounts) * '''[[w:en:WP:Loeb|Loeb Classical Library]]''' — Harvard University Press versions of Classical Greek and Latin literature with commentary and annotation (25 accounts) * '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:RIPM|RIPM]]''' — music periodicals published between 1760 and 1966 (20 accounts) * '''[[w:en:WP:SAGE Stats|Sage Stats]]''' — social science data for geographies within the United States (10 accounts) * '''[[w:en:WP:HeinOnline|HeinOnline]]''' — an extensive legal research database, including 2000 law-related journals as well as international legal history materials (25 accounts) Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[w:en:WP:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|our partners page]], including [[w:en:WP:Project MUSE|Project MUSE]], [[w:en:Wikipedia:JSTOR|JSTOR]], [[w:en:WP:DeGruyter|DeGruyter]], [[w:en:WP:Newspapers.com|Newspapers.com]] and [[w:en:WP:BNA|British Newspaper Archive]]. Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today! <br>--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 22:12, 4 Önwa Ise 2015 (UTC) :''We need your help! Help coordinate Wikipedia Library's account distribution and global development! Please join our team at [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/The_Wikipedia_Library/Coordinators/Signup Global our new coordinator signup].''<br> :<small>This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List]</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Sadads@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&oldid=12114173 --> == [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:SecurePoll/vote/339?setlang=ig Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees elections 2015] == [[File:Wikimedia Foundation logo - vertical (2012-2016).svg|right|100px|link=metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/MassMessages/Board voting has begun]] ''This is a message from the [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/Committee|2015 Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]]. [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/MassMessages/Board voting has begun|Translations]] are available.'' [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:SecurePoll/vote/339?setlang=ig Voting has begun] for [[metawiki:Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015#Requirements|eligible voters]] in the 2015 elections for the ''[[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/Board elections/2015|Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees]]''. Questions and discussion with the candidates for the ''[[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/Board elections/2015/Questions|Board]]'' will continue during the voting. The ''[[metawiki:Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees|Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees]]'' is the ultimate governing authority of the Wikimedia Foundation, a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization registered in the United States. The Wikimedia Foundation manages many diverse projects such as Wikipedia and Commons. The voting phase lasts from 00:00 UTC May 17 to 23:59 UTC May 31. '''[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:SecurePoll/vote/339?setlang=ig Click here to vote].''' More information on the candidates and the elections can be found on the [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/Board elections/2015|2015 ''Board'' election page]] on Meta-Wiki. On behalf of the Elections Committee,<br/> -Gregory Varnum ([[metawiki:User:Varnent|User:Varnent]])<br/> Volunteer Coordinator, [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/Committee|2015 Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]] ''Posted by the [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] 17:20, 17 May 2015 (UTC) • [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/MassMessages/Board voting has begun|Translate]] • [[metawiki:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015|Get help]] <!-- Message sent by User:Varnent@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=12206621 --> == [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:SecurePoll/vote/339?setlang=ig Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees elections 2015] == [[File:Wikimedia Foundation logo - vertical (2012-2016).svg|right|100px|link=metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/MassMessages/Board voting has begun]] ''This is a message from the [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/Committee|2015 Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]]. [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/MassMessages/Board voting has begun|Translations]] are available.'' [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:SecurePoll/vote/339?setlang=ig Voting has begun] for [[metawiki:Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015#Requirements|eligible voters]] in the 2015 elections for the ''[[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/Board elections/2015|Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees]]''. Questions and discussion with the candidates for the ''[[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/Board elections/2015/Questions|Board]]'' will continue during the voting. The ''[[metawiki:Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees|Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees]]'' is the ultimate governing authority of the Wikimedia Foundation, a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization registered in the United States. The Wikimedia Foundation manages many diverse projects such as Wikipedia and Commons. The voting phase lasts from 00:00 UTC May 17 to 23:59 UTC May 31. '''[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:SecurePoll/vote/339?setlang=ig Click here to vote].''' More information on the candidates and the elections can be found on the [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/Board elections/2015|2015 ''Board'' election page]] on Meta-Wiki. On behalf of the Elections Committee,<br/> -Gregory Varnum ([[metawiki:User:Varnent|User:Varnent]])<br/> Volunteer Coordinator, [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/Committee|2015 Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]] ''Posted by the [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] 17:20, 17 May 2015 (UTC) • [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/MassMessages/Board voting has begun|Translate]] • [[metawiki:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015|Get help]] <!-- Message sent by User:Varnent@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=12206621 --> == Content Translation beta feature is now available == Hello, [[mw:Content_translation|Content Translation]] has now been enabled as an opt-in beta feature on this Wikipedia. To start translating, enable the beta feature and go to [[Special:ContentTranslation]] or to your contributions page and create a new translation by selecting the source language, the article name and target language. If the article already exists then a warning will be displayed. After you translate the article, you can publish it directly as a new page on the Wikipedia. In case the article gets created by another user while you were translating, you will see an option to save the newly published translation under your user namespace. The number of published pages can be seen on the [[Special:CXStats|Content Translation stats page]]. Since, this is the first time we have installed the tool on this Wikipedia, there are chances that there may be some problems or service disruptions which we are not yet aware of. We will be monitoring the usage to check for any failures or issues, but please do let us know on the [[:mw:Talk:Content_translation|Content Translation talk page]] or through [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T99781 Phabricator] if you spot any problems that prevent you from using the tool. For more information, please read [[:mw:Content_translation#Try_the_tool|about how to use the tool]]. You can also view a [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/Content_Translation_Screencast_%28English%29.webm short screencast] on how to use Content Translation. My apologies for writing this announcement only in English. Please feel free to translate this message for wider distribution. Thank you. --[[Ọbanife:KartikMistry|KartikMistry]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:KartikMistry|talk]]) 17:52, 21 Önwa Ise 2015 (UTC) == Pywikibot compat will no longer be supported - Please migrate to pywikibot core == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <small>Sorry for English, I hope someone translates this.</small><br /> [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Pywikibot|Pywikibot]] (then "Pywikipediabot") was started back in 2002. In 2007 a new branch (formerly known as "rewrite", now called "core") was started from scratch using the MediaWiki API. The developers of Pywikibot have decided to stop supporting the compat version of Pywikibot due to bad performance and architectural errors that make it hard to update, compared to core. If you are using pywikibot compat it is likely your code will break due to upcoming MediaWiki API changes (e.g. [[phab:T101524|T101524]]). It is highly recommended you migrate to the core framework. There is a [[mw:Manual:Pywikibot/Compat deprecation|migration guide]], and please [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Pywikibot/Communication|contact us]] if you have any problem. There is an upcoming MediaWiki API breaking change that compat will not be updated for. If your bot's name is in [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2015-June/081931.html this list], your bot will most likely break. Thank you,<br /> The Pywikibot development team, 19:30, 5 June 2015 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ladsgroup@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=12271740 --> == New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (June 2015) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello Wikimedians! [[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|150px|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]] Today [[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] announces signups for more free, full-access accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials from: * '''[[w:en:WP:TANDF|Taylor & Francis]]''' — academic publisher of journals. The pilot includes two subject collections: Arts & Humanities and Biological, Environment & Earth Sciences. (30 accounts) *'''[[w:en:WP:World Bank|World Bank eLibrary]]''' — digital platform containing all books, working papers, and journal articles published by the World Bank from the 1990s to the present. (100 accounts) * '''[[w:en:WP:AAAS|AAAS]]''' — general interest science publisher, who publishes the journal ''Science'' among other sources (50 accounts) '''New French-Language Branch!''' * '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Erudit|Érudit]]''' ([[w:fr:Wikip%C3%A9dia:%C3%89rudit|en Francais]]) — Érudit is a French-Canadian scholarly aggregator primarily, humanities and social sciences, and contains sources in both English and French. Signups on both English and French Wikipedia (50 accounts). * '''[[w:en:WP:Cairn|Cairn.info]]''' ([[w:fr:Wikip%C3%A9dia:Cairn|en Francais]]) — Cairn.info is a Switzerland based online web portal of scholarly materials in the humanities and social sciences. Most sources are in French, but some also in English. Signups on both English and French Wikipedia (100 accounts). * '''[[w:fr:WP:L'Harmattan|L'Harmattan]]''' — French language publisher across a wide range of non-fiction and fiction, with a strong selection of francophone African materials (1000 accounts). Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[meta:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|our partners page]], including an expansion of accounts for [[w:en:WP:RSUK|Royal Society journals]] and remaining accounts on [[w:en:WP:Project MUSE|Project MUSE]], [[w:en:Wikipedia:JSTOR|JSTOR]], [[w:en:WP:DeGruyter|DeGruyter]], [[w:en:WP:Highbeam|Highbeam]] [[w:en:WP:Newspapers.com|Newspapers.com]] and [[w:en:WP:BNA|British Newspaper Archive]]. If you have suggestions for journals or databases we should seek access to [[meta:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals/Requests|make a request]]! Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today! <br>--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 22:08, 15 June 2015 (UTC) :''We need your help! Help coordinate Wikipedia Library's account distribution and global development! Please join our team at [[meta:The_Wikipedia_Library/Coordinators/Signup|our new coordinator signup]].''<br> :<small>This message was delivered via the [[meta:MassMessage#Global_message_delivery| Global Mass Message]] tool to [[meta:Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library|The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List]]</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Sadads@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&oldid=12455967 --> == New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (June 2015) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello Wikimedians! [[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|150px|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]] Today [[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] announces signups for more free, full-access accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials from: * '''[[w:en:WP:TANDF|Taylor & Francis]]''' — academic publisher of journals. The pilot includes two subject collections: Arts & Humanities and Biological, Environment & Earth Sciences. (30 accounts) *'''[[w:en:WP:World Bank|World Bank eLibrary]]''' — digital platform containing all books, working papers, and journal articles published by the World Bank from the 1990s to the present. (100 accounts) * '''[[w:en:WP:AAAS|AAAS]]''' — general interest science publisher, who publishes the journal ''Science'' among other sources (50 accounts) '''New French-Language Branch!''' * '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Erudit|Érudit]]''' ([[w:fr:Wikip%C3%A9dia:%C3%89rudit|en Francais]]) — Érudit is a French-Canadian scholarly aggregator primarily, humanities and social sciences, and contains sources in both English and French. Signups on both English and French Wikipedia (50 accounts). * '''[[w:en:WP:Cairn|Cairn.info]]''' ([[w:fr:Wikip%C3%A9dia:Cairn|en Francais]]) — Cairn.info is a Switzerland based online web portal of scholarly materials in the humanities and social sciences. Most sources are in French, but some also in English. Signups on both English and French Wikipedia (100 accounts). * '''[[w:fr:WP:L'Harmattan|L'Harmattan]]''' — French language publisher across a wide range of non-fiction and fiction, with a strong selection of francophone African materials (1000 accounts). Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[meta:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|our partners page]], including an expansion of accounts for [[w:en:WP:RSUK|Royal Society journals]] and remaining accounts on [[w:en:WP:Project MUSE|Project MUSE]], [[w:en:Wikipedia:JSTOR|JSTOR]], [[w:en:WP:DeGruyter|DeGruyter]], [[w:en:WP:Highbeam|Highbeam]] [[w:en:WP:Newspapers.com|Newspapers.com]] and [[w:en:WP:BNA|British Newspaper Archive]]. If you have suggestions for journals or databases we should seek access to [[meta:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals/Requests|make a request]]! Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today! <br>--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 22:08, 15 June 2015 (UTC) :''We need your help! Help coordinate Wikipedia Library's account distribution and global development! Please join our team at [[meta:The_Wikipedia_Library/Coordinators/Signup|our new coordinator signup]].''<br> :<small>This message was delivered via the [[meta:MassMessage#Global_message_delivery| Global Mass Message]] tool to [[meta:Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library|The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List]]</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Sadads@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&oldid=12455967 --> == HTTPS == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> Apologies for writing in English. Hi everyone. Over the last few years, the Wikimedia Foundation has [http://blog.wikimedia.org/2013/08/01/future-https-wikimedia-projects/ been working] towards enabling [[m:Special:MyLanguage/HTTPS|HTTPS]] by default for all users, including unregistered ones, for better privacy and security for both readers and editors. This has taken a long time, as there were different aspects to take into account. Our servers haven't been ready to handle it. The Wikimedia Foundation has had to balance sometimes conflicting goals. [https://blog.wikimedia.org/2015/06/12/securing-wikimedia-sites-with-https/ Forced HTTPS] has just been implemented on all Wikimedia projects. Some of you might already be aware of this, as a few Wikipedia language versions were converted to HTTPS last week and the then affected communities were notified. Most of Wikimedia editors shouldn't be affected at all. If you edit as registered user, you've probably already had to log in through HTTPS. We'll keep an eye on this to make sure everything is working as it should. Do get in touch with [[:m:HTTPS#Help!|us]] if you have any problems after this change or contact me if you have any other questions. /[[:m:User:Johan (WMF)|Johan (WMF)]] </div> 22:00, 19 Önwa Isii 2015 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/HTTPS_global_message_delivery&oldid=12471979 --> == HTTPS == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> Apologies for writing in English. Hi everyone. Over the last few years, the Wikimedia Foundation has [http://blog.wikimedia.org/2013/08/01/future-https-wikimedia-projects/ been working] towards enabling [[m:Special:MyLanguage/HTTPS|HTTPS]] by default for all users, including unregistered ones, for better privacy and security for both readers and editors. This has taken a long time, as there were different aspects to take into account. Our servers haven't been ready to handle it. The Wikimedia Foundation has had to balance sometimes conflicting goals. [https://blog.wikimedia.org/2015/06/12/securing-wikimedia-sites-with-https/ Forced HTTPS] has just been implemented on all Wikimedia projects. Some of you might already be aware of this, as a few Wikipedia language versions were converted to HTTPS last week and the then affected communities were notified. Most of Wikimedia editors shouldn't be affected at all. If you edit as registered user, you've probably already had to log in through HTTPS. We'll keep an eye on this to make sure everything is working as it should. Do get in touch with [[:m:HTTPS#Help!|us]] if you have any problems after this change or contact me if you have any other questions. /[[:m:User:Johan (WMF)|Johan (WMF)]] </div> 00:15, 20 Önwa Isii 2015 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/HTTPS_global_message_delivery&oldid=12471979 --> == Please join the 2nd edition of the VisualEditor Translathon == <div class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:VisualEditor-logo-pacifico.svg|right|200px]] Hello! I'm pleased to announce the 2nd edition of the '''VisualEditor Translathon'''. It is a translation rally, focused on interface messages and help pages related to [[:mw:VisualEditor|VisualEditor]]. In order to participate, you need to '''[[:betawiki:Project:VisualEditor/2015_Translathon|sign up on the Translathon page]]''' on TranslateWiki. The top 3 contributors will each win a Wikipedia t-shirt of their choice from [//store.wikimedia.org/ the Wikipedia store]<ref>You can choose between any short-sleeve shirt, or other items for the same value.</ref>. Translations made between '''July 15th and July 19th''' ([//www.timeanddate.com/time/zones/cdt CDT time zone]) qualify<ref>This means both new translations, and updates for messages in the "Outdated" tab of the translation interface.</ref>. If you are at [//wikimania2015.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimania Wikimania Mexico] this year, you are also welcome to join a related sprint during the hackathon in '''Workplace 1 - Don Américo, Thursday 16 July at 4pm (CDT)''' at the conference venue, so you can meet other fellow translators and [//wikimania2015.wikimedia.org/wiki/Hackathon#Hackathon_Day_2 get support if you need some]. Interface messages have the priority. You will need to create an account at translatewiki.net in order to work on them, if you don't have one. ''It is recommended to create the account ASAP'', so that it can be confirmed in time. You can also help translate documentation pages about VisualEditor on mediawiki.org. You can use your Wikipedia account to work there. You will find instructions, links and other details [[:betawiki:Project:VisualEditor/2015_Translathon|on the Translathon page]]. Thanks for your attention, and happy translating! <br> [[:mw:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]] 20:56, 13 Önwa Asaa 2015 (UTC) <references /> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Newsletter/Phase_5_wikis&oldid=11630802 --> == Proposal to create PNG thumbnails of static GIF images == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:(R)-3-phenyl-cyclohanone.gif|255px|thumb|The thumbnail of this gif is of really bad quality.]] [[File:(R)-3-phenyl-cyclohanone.png|255px|thumb|How a PNG thumb of this GIF would look like]] There is a [[w:c:Commons:Village_pump/Proposals#Create_PNG_thumbnails_of_static_GIF_images|proposal]] at the Commons Village Pump requesting feedback about the thumbnails of static GIF images: It states that static GIF files should have their thumbnails created in PNG. The advantages of PNG over GIF would be visible especially with GIF images using an alpha channel. (compare the thumbnails on the side) This change would affect all wikis, so if you support/oppose or want to give general feedback/concerns, please post them to the [[w:c:Commons:Village_pump/Proposals#Create_PNG_thumbnails_of_static_GIF_images|proposal page]]. Thank you. --[[w:c:User:McZusatz|McZusatz]] ([[w:c:User talk:McZusatz|talk]]) & [[Ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 05:07, 24 Önwa Asaa 2015 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:-revi@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=12485605 --> == Proposal to create PNG thumbnails of static GIF images == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:(R)-3-phenyl-cyclohanone.gif|255px|thumb|The thumbnail of this gif is of really bad quality.]] [[File:(R)-3-phenyl-cyclohanone.png|255px|thumb|How a PNG thumb of this GIF would look like]] There is a [[w:c:Commons:Village_pump/Proposals#Create_PNG_thumbnails_of_static_GIF_images|proposal]] at the Commons Village Pump requesting feedback about the thumbnails of static GIF images: It states that static GIF files should have their thumbnails created in PNG. The advantages of PNG over GIF would be visible especially with GIF images using an alpha channel. (compare the thumbnails on the side) This change would affect all wikis, so if you support/oppose or want to give general feedback/concerns, please post them to the [[w:c:Commons:Village_pump/Proposals#Create_PNG_thumbnails_of_static_GIF_images|proposal page]]. Thank you. --[[w:c:User:McZusatz|McZusatz]] ([[w:c:User talk:McZusatz|talk]]) & [[Ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 06:32, 24 Önwa Asaa 2015 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:-revi@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=12485605 --> == What does a Healthy Community look like to you? == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:Community Health Cover art News portal.png|300px|right]] Hi, <br> The Community Engagement department at the Wikimedia Foundation has launched a new learning campaign. The WMF wants to record community impressions about what makes a healthy online community. Share your views and/or create a drawing and take a chance to win a Wikimania 2016 scholarship! Join the WMF as we begin a conversation about Community Health. Contribute a drawing or answer the questions [[meta:Grants:Evaluation/Community Health learning campaign|on the campaign's page.]] === Why get involved? === '''The world is changing. The way we relate to knowledge is transforming.''' As the next billion people come online, the Wikimedia movement is working to bring more users on the wiki projects. The way we interact and collaborate online are key to building sustainable projects. How accessible are Wikimedia projects to newcomers today? Are we helping each other learn? <br/> Share your views on this matter that affects us all! <br> '''We invite everyone to take part in this learning campaign. Wikimedia Foundation will distribute one Wikimania Scholarship 2016 among those participants who are eligible.''' === More information === * All participants must have a registered user of at least one month antiquity on any Wikimedia project before the starting date of the campaign. * <span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"> All eligible contributions must be done until '''August 23, 2015 at <nowiki>23:59</nowiki> UTC''' </span> * <big> Wiki link: '''[[meta:Grants:Evaluation/Community Health learning campaign|Community Health learning campaign]]''' </big> * URL https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Grants:Evaluation/Community_Health_learning_campaign * Contact: [[meta:user:MCruz (WMF)|María Cruz]] / Twitter: {{@}}WikiEval #CommunityHealth / email: eval{{@}}wikimedia{{dot}}org <br> Happy editing! <br> <br> [[Ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 23:42, 31 Önwa Asaa 2015 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:MCruz (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=12909005 --> == What does a Healthy Community look like to you? == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:Community Health Cover art News portal.png|300px|right]] Hi, <br> The Community Engagement department at the Wikimedia Foundation has launched a new learning campaign. The WMF wants to record community impressions about what makes a healthy online community. Share your views and/or create a drawing and take a chance to win a Wikimania 2016 scholarship! Join the WMF as we begin a conversation about Community Health. Contribute a drawing or answer the questions [[meta:Grants:Evaluation/Community Health learning campaign|on the campaign's page.]] === Why get involved? === '''The world is changing. The way we relate to knowledge is transforming.''' As the next billion people come online, the Wikimedia movement is working to bring more users on the wiki projects. The way we interact and collaborate online are key to building sustainable projects. How accessible are Wikimedia projects to newcomers today? Are we helping each other learn? <br/> Share your views on this matter that affects us all! <br> '''We invite everyone to take part in this learning campaign. Wikimedia Foundation will distribute one Wikimania Scholarship 2016 among those participants who are eligible.''' === More information === * All participants must have a registered user of at least one month antiquity on any Wikimedia project before the starting date of the campaign. * <span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"> All eligible contributions must be done until '''August 23, 2015 at <nowiki>23:59</nowiki> UTC''' </span> * <big> Wiki link: '''[[meta:Grants:Evaluation/Community Health learning campaign|Community Health learning campaign]]''' </big> * URL https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Grants:Evaluation/Community_Health_learning_campaign * Contact: [[meta:user:MCruz (WMF)|María Cruz]] / Twitter: {{@}}WikiEval #CommunityHealth / email: eval{{@}}wikimedia{{dot}}org <br> Happy editing! <br> <br> [[Ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 01:47, 1 Önwa Asáto 2015 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:MCruz (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=12909005 --> == Wikidata: Access to data from arbitrary items is coming == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> (Sorry for writing in English) When using data from Wikidata on Wikipedia and other sister projects, there is currently a limitation in place that hinders some use cases: data can only be accessed from the corresponding item. So, for example, the Wikipedia article about Berlin can only get data from the Wikidata item about Berlin but not from the item about Germany. This had technical reasons. We are now removing this limitation. It is already done for many projects. Your project is one of the next ones. We will roll out this feature here on August 12. We invite you to play around with this new feature if you are one of the people who have been waiting for this for a long time. If you have technical issues/questions with this you can come to [[d:Wikidata:Contact the development team]]. A note of caution: Please be careful with how many items you use for a single page. If it is too many pages, loading might get slow. We will have to see how the feature behaves in production to see where we need to tweak and how. How to use it, once it is enabled: * Parser function: <nowiki>{{#property:P36|from=Q183}}</nowiki> to get the capital from the item about Germany * Lua: see [[mw:Extension:Wikibase Client/Lua]] Cheers [[:d:User:Lydia Pintscher (WMDE)|Lydia Pintscher]] [[Ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 17:46, 3 Önwa Asáto 2015 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Lydia Pintscher (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Lydia_Pintscher_(WMDE)/Distribution_List&oldid=12981073 --> == Wikidata: Access to data from arbitrary items is here == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> (Sorry for writing in English) Hi everyone, As I have previously announced here we have now enabled the arbitrary access feature here. This means from now on you can make use of data from any Wikidata item in any article here. Before you could for example only access data about Berlin in the article about Berlin. If you want to find out more or have questions please come to [[d:Wikidata:Arbitrary access]]. I hope this will open up great possibilities for you and make your work easier. Cheers [[:d:Lydia Pintscher (WMDE)|Lydia Pintscher (WMDE)]] 13:32, 12 Önwa Asáto 2015 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Lydia Pintscher (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Lydia_Pintscher_(WMDE)/Distribution_List&oldid=12983468 --> == How can we improve Wikimedia grants to support you better? == ''My apologies for posting this message in English. Please help translate it if you can.'' Hello, The Wikimedia Foundation would like your feedback about how we can '''[[m:Grants:IdeaLab/Reimagining WMF grants|reimagine Wikimedia Foundation grants]]''', to better support people and ideas in your Wikimedia project. Ways to participate: *Respond to questions on [[m:Grants talk:IdeaLab/Reimagining WMF grants|the discussion page of the idea]]. *Join a [[m:Grants:IdeaLab/Events#Upcoming_events|small group conversation]]. *Learn more about [[m:Grants:IdeaLab/Reimagining WMF grants/Consultation|this consultation]]. Feedback is welcome in any language. With thanks, [[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)|I JethroBT (WMF)]], [[m:Community Resources|Community Resources]], Wikimedia Foundation. ([[m:Grants:IdeaLab/Reimagining WMF grants/ProjectTargets|''Opt-out Instructions'']]) <small>This message was sent by [[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)|I JethroBT (WMF)]] through [[m:User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]].</small> 00:43, 19 Önwa Asáto 2015 (UTC) == Introducing the Wikimedia public policy site == Hi all, We are excited to introduce a new Wikimedia Public Policy site. The site includes resources and position statements on access, copyright, censorship, intermediary liability, and privacy. The site explains how good public policy supports the Wikimedia projects, editors, and mission. Visit the public policy portal: https://policy.wikimedia.org/ Please help translate the [[m:Public policy|statements on Meta Wiki]]. You can [http://blog.wikimedia.org/2015/09/02/new-wikimedia-public-policy-site/ read more on the Wikimedia blog]. Thanks, [[m:User:YWelinder (WMF)|Yana]] and [[m:User:Slaporte (WMF)|Stephen]] ([[m:User talk:Slaporte (WMF)|Talk]]) 18:13, 2 Önwa Itolu 2015 (UTC) ''(Sent with the [[m:MassMessage#Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery system]])'' <!-- Message sent by User:Slaporte (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Slaporte_(WMF)/Announcing_public_policy_site&oldid=13439030 --> == Open call for Individual Engagement Grants == ''My apologies for posting this message in English. Please help translate it if you can.'' Greetings! The '''[[m:IEG|Individual Engagement Grants program]] is accepting proposals''' until September 29th to fund new tools, community-building processes, and other experimental ideas that enhance the work of Wikimedia volunteers. Whether you need a small or large amount of funds (up to $30,000 USD), Individual Engagement Grants can support you and your team’s project development time in addition to project expenses such as materials, travel, and rental space. *[[m:Grants:IEG#ieg-apply|'''Submit''' a grant request]] *[[m:Grants:IdeaLab|'''Get help''' with your proposal in IdeaLab]] or [[m:Grants:IdeaLab/Events#Upcoming_events|an upcoming Hangout session]] *[[m:Grants:IEG#ieg-engaging|'''Learn from examples''' of completed Individual Engagement Grants]] Thanks, [[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)|I JethroBT (WMF)]], [[m:Community Resources|Community Resources]], Wikimedia Foundation. 20:52, 4 Önwa Itolu 2015 (UTC) ([[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)/IEG 2015 Targets|''Opt-out Instructions'']]) <small>This message was sent by [[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)|I JethroBT (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:I JethroBT (WMF)|talk]]) through [[m:User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]].</small> <!-- Message sent by User:I JethroBT (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:I_JethroBT_(WMF)/IEG_2015_Targets&oldid=13476366 --> == Open call for Individual Engagement Grants == ''My apologies for posting this message in English. Please help translate it if you can.'' Greetings! The '''[[m:IEG|Individual Engagement Grants program]] is accepting proposals''' until September 29th to fund new tools, community-building processes, and other experimental ideas that enhance the work of Wikimedia volunteers. Whether you need a small or large amount of funds (up to $30,000 USD), Individual Engagement Grants can support you and your team’s project development time in addition to project expenses such as materials, travel, and rental space. *[[m:Grants:IEG#ieg-apply|'''Submit''' a grant request]] *[[m:Grants:IdeaLab|'''Get help''' with your proposal in IdeaLab]] or [[m:Grants:IdeaLab/Events#Upcoming_events|an upcoming Hangout session]] *[[m:Grants:IEG#ieg-engaging|'''Learn from examples''' of completed Individual Engagement Grants]] Thanks, [[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)|I JethroBT (WMF)]], [[m:Community Resources|Community Resources]], Wikimedia Foundation. 21:54, 4 Önwa Itolu 2015 (UTC) ([[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)/IEG 2015 Targets|''Opt-out Instructions'']]) <small>This message was sent by [[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)|I JethroBT (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:I JethroBT (WMF)|talk]]) through [[m:User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]].</small> <!-- Message sent by User:I JethroBT (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:I_JethroBT_(WMF)/IEG_2015_Targets&oldid=13476366 --> == New Wikipedia Library Database Access (September 2015) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello Wikimedians! [[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|150px|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]] [[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for free, full-access accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials from: * '''[[w:en:WP:EBSCO|EBSCOHost]]''' - this is one of our largest access donations so far: access to a wide variety of academic, newspaper and magazine sources through their Academic Search Complete, Business Source Complete and MasterFILE Complete * '''[[w:en:WP:Newspaperarchive.com|Newspaperarchive.com]]''' - historical newspapers from the United States, Canada, UK and 20 other countries, and includes an Open Access "clipping" feature (1000 accounts) * '''[[w:en:WP:IMF|IMF Elibary]]'''- a digital collection of the IMF's reports, studies and research on global economics and development (50 accounts) * '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Sabinet|Sabinet]]''' - one of the largest African digital publishers, based in South Africa, with a wide range of content in English and other European and African languages (10 accounts) * '''[[w:fr:Wikipédia:Numérique Premium|Numérique Premium]]''' - a French language social science and humanities ebook database, with topical collections on a wide range of topics (100) *'''[[w:ar:ويكيبيديا:مكتبة_ويكيبيديا/المنهل|Al Manhal]]''' - an Arabic and English database with a wide range of sources, largely focused on or published in the Middle East (60 accounts) *'''[[w:ar:ويكيبيديا:مكتبة ويكيبيديا/جملون|Jamalon]]''' - an Arabic book distributor, who is providing targeted book delivery to volunteers (50 editors) Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[w:en:WP:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|our partners page]], including expanded accounts for [[w:en:WP:Elsevier ScienceDirect|Elsevier ScienceDirect]], [[w:en:WP:BMJ|British Medical Journal]] and [[w:en:WP:Dynamed|Dynamed]] and additional accounts for [[w:en:WP:Project MUSE|Project MUSE]], [[w:en:WP:DeGruyter|DeGruyter]], [[w:en:WP:Newspapers.com|Newspapers.com]], [[w:en:WP:Highbeam|Highbeam]] and [[w:en:HeinOnline|HeinOnline]]. Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today! <br>--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 19:42, 16 September 2015 (UTC) :''We need help! Help us coordinate Wikipedia Library's distribution of accounts, communication of access opportunities and more! Please join our team at [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/The_Wikipedia_Library/Coordinators/Signup our new coordinator signup].''<br> :<small>This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Sadads@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&oldid=13664781 --> == New Wikipedia Library Database Access (September 2015) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello Wikimedians! [[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|150px|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]] [[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for free, full-access accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials from: * '''[[w:en:WP:EBSCO|EBSCOHost]]''' - this is one of our largest access donations so far: access to a wide variety of academic, newspaper and magazine sources through their Academic Search Complete, Business Source Complete and MasterFILE Complete * '''[[w:en:WP:Newspaperarchive.com|Newspaperarchive.com]]''' - historical newspapers from the United States, Canada, UK and 20 other countries, and includes an Open Access "clipping" feature (1000 accounts) * '''[[w:en:WP:IMF|IMF Elibary]]'''- a digital collection of the IMF's reports, studies and research on global economics and development (50 accounts) * '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Sabinet|Sabinet]]''' - one of the largest African digital publishers, based in South Africa, with a wide range of content in English and other European and African languages (10 accounts) * '''[[w:fr:Wikipédia:Numérique Premium|Numérique Premium]]''' - a French language social science and humanities ebook database, with topical collections on a wide range of topics (100) *'''[[w:ar:ويكيبيديا:مكتبة_ويكيبيديا/المنهل|Al Manhal]]''' - an Arabic and English database with a wide range of sources, largely focused on or published in the Middle East (60 accounts) *'''[[w:ar:ويكيبيديا:مكتبة ويكيبيديا/جملون|Jamalon]]''' - an Arabic book distributor, who is providing targeted book delivery to volunteers (50 editors) Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[w:en:WP:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|our partners page]], including expanded accounts for [[w:en:WP:Elsevier ScienceDirect|Elsevier ScienceDirect]], [[w:en:WP:BMJ|British Medical Journal]] and [[w:en:WP:Dynamed|Dynamed]] and additional accounts for [[w:en:WP:Project MUSE|Project MUSE]], [[w:en:WP:DeGruyter|DeGruyter]], [[w:en:WP:Newspapers.com|Newspapers.com]], [[w:en:WP:Highbeam|Highbeam]] and [[w:en:HeinOnline|HeinOnline]]. Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today! <br>--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 19:42, 16 September 2015 (UTC) :''We need help! Help us coordinate Wikipedia Library's distribution of accounts, communication of access opportunities and more! Please join our team at [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/The_Wikipedia_Library/Coordinators/Signup our new coordinator signup].''<br> :<small>This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Sadads@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&oldid=13664781 --> == Only one week left for Individual Engagement Grant proposals! == (Apologies for using English below, please help translate if you are able.) '''There is still one week left to submit [[m:IEG|Individual Engagement Grant]] (IEG) proposals''' before the September 29th deadline. If you have ideas for new tools, community-building processes, and other experimental projects that enhance the work of Wikimedia volunteers, start your proposal today! Please encourage others who have great ideas to apply as well. Support is available if you want help turning your idea into a grant request. *[[m:Grants:IEG#ieg-apply|'''Submit''' a grant request]] *[[m:Grants:IdeaLab|'''Get help''' with your proposal in IdeaLab]] *[[m:Grants:IEG#ieg-engaging|'''Learn from examples''' of completed Individual Engagement Grants]] [[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)|I JethroBT (WMF)]], [[m:Community Resources|Community Resources]] 21:01, 22 Önwa Itolu 2015 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:I JethroBT (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:I_JethroBT_(WMF)/IEG_2015_Targets&oldid=13754911 --> == Only one week left for Individual Engagement Grant proposals! == (Apologies for using English below, please help translate if you are able.) '''There is still one week left to submit [[m:IEG|Individual Engagement Grant]] (IEG) proposals''' before the September 29th deadline. If you have ideas for new tools, community-building processes, and other experimental projects that enhance the work of Wikimedia volunteers, start your proposal today! Please encourage others who have great ideas to apply as well. Support is available if you want help turning your idea into a grant request. *[[m:Grants:IEG#ieg-apply|'''Submit''' a grant request]] *[[m:Grants:IdeaLab|'''Get help''' with your proposal in IdeaLab]] *[[m:Grants:IEG#ieg-engaging|'''Learn from examples''' of completed Individual Engagement Grants]] [[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)|I JethroBT (WMF)]], [[m:Community Resources|Community Resources]] 23:59, 22 Önwa Itolu 2015 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:I JethroBT (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:I_JethroBT_(WMF)/IEG_2015_Targets&oldid=13754911 --> == Reimagining WMF grants report == ''(My apologies for using English here, please help translate if you are able.)'' Last month, we asked for community feedback on [[m:Grants:IdeaLab/Reimagining WMF grants| a proposal to change the structure of WMF grant programs]]. Thanks to the 200+ people who participated! '''[[m:Grants:IdeaLab/Reimagining_WMF_grants/Outcomes| A report]]''' on what we learned and changed based on this consultation is now available. Come read about the findings and next steps as WMF’s Community Resources team begins to implement changes based on your feedback. Your questions and comments are welcome on [[m:Grants talk:IdeaLab/Reimagining WMF grants/Outcomes|the outcomes discussion page]]. With thanks, [[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)|I JethroBT (WMF)]] 16:57, 28 Önwa Itolu 2015 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:I JethroBT (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Grants:IdeaLab/Reimagining_WMF_grants/ProjectTargets&oldid=13850666 --> == Community Wishlist Survey == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> Hi everyone! Apologies for posting in English. Translations are very welcome. The [[:m:Community Tech|Community Tech team]] at the Wikimedia Foundation is focused on building improved curation and moderation tools for experienced Wikimedia contributors. We're now starting a '''[[:m:2015 Community Wishlist Survey|Community Wishlist Survey]]''' to find the most useful projects that we can work on. For phase 1 of the survey, we're inviting all active contributors to submit brief proposals, explaining the project that you'd like us to work on, and why it's important. Phase 1 will last for 2 weeks. In phase 2, we'll ask you to vote on the proposals. Afterwards, we'll analyze the top 10 proposals and create a prioritized wishlist. While most of this process will be conducted in English, we're inviting people from any Wikimedia wiki to submit proposals. We'll also invite volunteer translators to help translate proposals into English. Your proposal should include: the problem that you want to solve, who would benefit, and a proposed solution, if you have one. You can submit your proposal on the Community Wishlist Survey page, using the entry field and the big blue button. We will be accepting proposals for 2 weeks, ending on November 23. We're looking forward to hearing your ideas! </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Community Tech Team via [[Ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 21:58, 9 Önwa Iri na otu 2015 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Target_lists/Global_distribution&oldid=14554458 --> : :Hi onye ọ bụla! Mgbaghara maka ikenye na English. Nsụgharị dị nnọọ welcome. :The Community Tech otu na Wikimedia Foundation a lekwasịrị anya na-ewu mma curation na imeru ihe n'ókè ngwaọrụ n'ihi na ahụmahụ Wikimedia nnyemaaka. Anyị na-ugbu a malite a Community Wishlist Survey ịchọta kasị bara uru oru ngo na anyị nwere ike na-arụ ọrụ na. :N'ihi na-adọ 1 nke nnyocha e mere, anyị na-akpọ nile nọ n'ọrụ nnyemaka n'okpuru mkpirikpi amụma, na-akọwa oru ngo na ị ga-amasị anyị ka anyị na-arụ ọrụ na, na mere na ọ bụ ihe dị mkpa. Adọ 1 ga-adịgide adịgide maka izu 2. Na-adọ 2, anyị ga-ajụ gị ka ị na votu na amụma. N'ikpeazụ, anyị ga-nyochaa n'elu 10 amụma na ike a prioritized Wishlist. :Mgbe ọtụtụ ndị nke a ga-ekenịmde ke English, anyị na-akpọ ndị mmadụ òkù ọ bụla na Wikimedia Wiki n'okpuru amụma. Anyị ga na-agba afọ ofufo nsụgharị aka ịsụgharị amụma n'ime English. :Gị amaghị kwesịrị ịgụnye: nsogbu na ị chọrọ idozi, bụ ndị ga-erite uru, na a chọrọ ihe ngwọta, ma ọ bụrụ na ị nwere otu. Ị nwere ike n'okpuru gị amaghị na Community Wishlist Survey peeji, na-eji ntinye ubi na nnukwu-acha anụnụ anụnụ bọtịnụ. Anyị ga-ịnakwere amụma maka izu 2, agwụcha on November 23. :Anyị na-atụ anya ịnụ olu gị echiche! Community Tech Team site MediaWiki ozi nnyefe == Wikimania 2016 scholarships ambassadors needed == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello! [[wm2016:|Wikimania 2016]] scholarships will soon be open; by the end of the week we'll form the committee and we need your help, see [[wm2016:Special:MyLanguage/Scholarship committee|Scholarship committee]] for details. If you want to carefully review nearly a thousand applications in January, you might be a perfect committee member. Otherwise, you can '''volunteer as "ambassador"''': you will observe all the committee activities, ensure that people from your language or project manage to apply for a scholarship, translate '''scholarship applications written in your language''' to English and so on. Ambassadors are allowed to ask for a scholarship, unlike committee members. [[wm2016:Scholarship committee|Wikimania 2016 scholarships subteam]] 10:47, 10 Önwa Iri na otu 2015 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Nemo bis@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=14347818 --> :Nnọọ! Wikimania 2016 scholarships ga-adịghị anya na-emeghe; site na njedebe nke izu anyị ga-etolite kọmitii na anyị chọrọ enyemaka gị, ịhụ Ọkà Mmụta kọmitii maka nkọwa. :Ọ bụrụ na ị chọrọ-akpachara anya nyochaa fọrọ nke nta a puku ngwa ke January, ị pụrụ ịbụ a zuru okè so na kọmitii. Ma, i nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ afọ ofufo dị ka "nochite anya": ị ga-edebe ihe niile na kọmitii omume, hụ na ndị si asụsụ gị ma ọ bụ oru ngo jikwaa na-etinye maka a mfọn, ịsụgharị mfọn ngwa dere asụsụ gị iji English na na. Nnọchiteanya na-ekwe ka na-arịọ maka mfọn, n'adịghị so na Kọmitii. :Wikimania 2016 scholarships subteam == Harassment consultation == {{int:Please-translate}} The Community Advocacy team the Wikimedia Foundation has opened a consultation on the topic of '''harassment''' on [[m:Harassment consultation 2015|Meta]]. The consultation period is intended to run for one month from today, November 16, and end on December 17. Please share your thoughts there on harassment-related issues facing our communities and potential solutions. (Note: this consultation is not intended to evaluate specific cases of harassment, but rather to discuss the problem of harassment itself.) ::*[[m:Harassment consultation 2015|Harassment consultation 2015]] :Regards, [[m:Community Advocacy|Community Advocacy, Wikimedia Foundation]] <!-- Message sent by User:PEarley (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:PEarley_(WMF)/Inspire_Mass_Message&oldid=14684364 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Free Bassel/MassMessages/2015 Free Bassel banner straw poll|Your input requested on the proposed #FreeBassel banner campaign]] == ''This is a message regarding the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Free Bassel/Banner|proposed 2015 Free Bassel banner]]. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Free Bassel/MassMessages/2015 Free Bassel banner straw poll|Translations]] are available.'' Hi everyone, This is to inform all Wikimedia contributors that a [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Free Bassel/Banner/Straw poll|straw poll seeking your involvement]] has just been started on Meta-Wiki. As some of your might be aware, a small group of Wikimedia volunteers have proposed a banner campaign informing Wikipedia readers about the urgent situation of our fellow Wikipedian, open source software developer and Creative Commons activist, [[:w:Bassel Khartabil|Bassel Khartabil]]. An exemplary [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Free Bassel/Banner|banner]] and an [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Free Bassel/Banner|explanatory page]] have now been prepared, and translated into about half a dozen languages by volunteer translators. We are seeking [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Free Bassel/Banner/Straw poll|your involvement to decide]] if the global Wikimedia community approves starting a banner campaign asking Wikipedia readers to call on the Syrian government to release Bassel from prison. We understand that a campaign like this would be unprecedented in Wikipedia's history, which is why we're seeking the widest possible consensus among the community. Given Bassel's urgent situation and the resulting tight schedule, we ask everyone to [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Free Bassel/Banner/Straw poll|get involved with the poll and the discussion]] to the widest possible extent, and to promote it among your communities as soon as possible. (Apologies for writing in English; please kindly [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Free Bassel/MassMessages/2015 Free Bassel banner straw poll|translate]] this message into your own language.) Thank you for your participation! ''Posted by the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] 21:47, 25 November 2015 (UTC) • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Free Bassel/MassMessages/2015 Free Bassel banner straw poll|Translate]] • [[:m:Talk:Free Bassel/Banner|Get help]] <!-- Message sent by User:Varnent@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=14758733 --> == Community Wishlist Survey == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> Hi everyone! Apologies for posting this in English. Translations are very welcome. We're beginning the second part of the Community Tech team's '''[[:m:2015 Community Wishlist Survey/Voting|Community Wishlist Survey]]''', and we're inviting all active contributors to vote on the proposals that have been submitted. Thanks to you and other Wikimedia contributors, 111 proposals were submitted to the team. We've split the proposals into categories, and now it's time to vote! You can vote for any proposal listed on the pages, using the <nowiki>{{Support}}</nowiki> tag. Feel free to add comments pro or con, but only support votes will be counted. The voting period will be 2 weeks, ending on December 14. The proposals with the most support votes will be the team's top priority backlog to investigate and address. Thank you for participating, and we're looking forward to hearing what you think! Community Tech via </div> [[Ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 14:38, 1 Önwa Iri na abụọ 2015 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Target_lists/Global_distribution&oldid=14913494 --> == New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (December 2015) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello Wikimedians! [[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|150px|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]] [[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for, free, full-access accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials from: * [[w:en:WP:Gale|Gale]] - multidisciplinary periodicals, newspapers, and reference sources - 10 accounts * [[w:en:Wikipedia:Brill|Brill]] - academic e-books and journals in English, Dutch, and other languages - 25 accounts * [[w:fi:Wikipedia:Wikipedian_Lähdekirjasto/Suomalaisen_Kirjallisuuden_Seura|Finnish Literature Society]] (in Finnish) * [[w:fa:ویکی‌پدیا:مگ‌ایران|Magiran]] (in Farsi) - scientific journal articles - 100 articles * [[w:fa:ویکی‌پدیا:سیویلیکا|Civilica]] (in Farsi) - Iranian journal articles, seminars, and conferences - 50 accounts Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|our partners page]], including [[w:en:WP:EBSCO|EBSCO]], [[w:en:WP:DeGruyter|DeGruyter]], and [[w:en:WP:Newspaperarchive.com|Newspaperarchive.com]]. Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today! <br>--[[m:The Wikipedia Library/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 01:01, 11 December 2015 (UTC) :''Help us a start Wikipedia Library in your language! Email us at wikipedialibrary@wikimedia.org''<br> :<small>This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].</small></div> <!-- Message sent by User:Matiia@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&oldid=14689842 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 15|Get involved in Wikipedia 15!]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''This is a message from the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]]. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 15/MassMessages/Get involved|Translations]] are available.'' [[File:International-Space-Station wordmark blue.svg|right|200px]] As many of you know, January 15 is Wikipedia’s 15th Birthday! People around the world are getting involved in the celebration and have started adding their [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 15/Events|events on Meta Page]]. While we are celebrating Wikipedia's birthday, we hope that all projects and affiliates will be able to utilize this celebration to raise awareness of our community's efforts. Haven’t started planning? Don’t worry, there’s lots of ways to get involved. Here are some ideas: * '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 15/Events|Join/host an event]]'''. We already have more than 80, and hope to have many more. * '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 15/Media|Talk to local press]]'''. In the past 15 years, Wikipedia has accomplished extraordinary things. We’ve made a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 15/15 years|handy summary]] of milestones and encourage you to add your own. More resources, including a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 15/Media#releases|press release template]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Communications/Movement Communications Skills|resources on working with the media]], are also available. * '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 15/Material|Design a Wikipedia 15 logo]]'''. In place of a single icon for Wikipedia 15, we’re making dozens. Add your own with something fun and representative of your community. Just use the visual guide so they share a common sensibility. * '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 15/Events/Package#birthdaywish|Share a message on social media]]'''. Tell the world what Wikipedia means to you, and add #wikipedia15 to the post. We might re-tweet or share your message! Everything is linked on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 15|Wikipedia 15 Meta page]]. You’ll find a set of ten data visualization works that you can show at your events, and a [[c:Category:Wikipedia15 Mark|list of all the Wikipedia 15 logos]] that community members have already designed. If you have any questions, please contact [[m:User:ZMcCune (WMF)|Zachary McCune]] or [[m:User:JSutherland (WMF)|Joe Sutherland]]. Thanks and Happy nearly Wikipedia 15!<br /> -The Wikimedia Foundation Communications team ''Posted by the [[m:User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]], 20:58, 18 Önwa Iri na abụọ 2015 (UTC) • [[m:Wikipedia 15/MassMessages/Get involved|{{int:please-translate}}]] • [[m:Talk:Wikipedia 15|{{int:help}}]] </div> <!-- Message sent by User:GVarnum-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=15158198 --> == Wikimania 2016 Scholarships - Deadline soon! == :{{int:Please-translate}} A reminder - applications for scholarships for Wikimania 2016 in Esino Lario, Italy, are closing soon! Please get your applications in by January 9th. To apply, visit the page below: :*[https://wikimania2016.wikimedia.org/wiki/Scholarships Wikimania 2016 Scholarships] [[User:PEarley (WMF)|Patrick Earley (WMF)]] via [[Ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 01:49, 5 Önwa Mbú 2016 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:PEarley (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:PEarley_(WMF)/Mass_Message_-_large&oldid=15209973 --> == 2016 WMF Strategy consultation == :{{int:Please-translate}} Hello, all. The Wikimedia Foundation (WMF) has launched a consultation to help create and prioritize WMF strategy beginning July 2016 and for the 12 to 24 months thereafter. This consultation will be open, on Meta, from 18 January to 26 February, after which the Foundation will also use these ideas to help inform its Annual Plan. (More on our timeline can be found on that Meta page.) Your input is welcome (and greatly desired) at the Meta discussion, [[:m:2016 Strategy/Community consultation|2016 Strategy/Community consultation]]. Apologies for English, where this is posted on a non-English project. We thought it was more important to get the consultation translated as much as possible, and good headway has been made there in some languages. There is still much to do, however! We created [[:m:2016 Strategy/Translations]] to try to help coordinate what needs translation and what progress is being made. :) If you have questions, please reach out to me on my talk page or on the strategy consultation's talk page or by email to mdennis@wikimedia.org. I hope you'll join us! [[:m:User:Mdennis (WMF)|Maggie Dennis]] via [[Ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 19:06, 18 Önwa Mbú 2016 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Mdennis (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:PEarley_(WMF)/Mass_Message_-_large&oldid=15253743 --> == Completion suggestor == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> == Updates to wiki search auto completion are arriving 10 March== Hello! {{Int:Please-translate}}. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} The [[:m:User:CKoerner (WMF)/Work/Completion Suggester beta reminder and coming soon|completion suggester beta feature]] will become the default at the first group of wikis on '''Thursday, 10 March'''. This initial rollout will start with some of the smaller wikis to ensure the change happens in an organized way. The remaining wikis will receive the update on Wednesday, 16 March. This update brings three major improvements to search. Improved search result ordering, a tolerance for a small number of spelling errors, and suggests fewer typos. Since December 2015, 19,000 editors have already opted into the completion suggester beta feature. Contributors are encouraged to [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|try out the feature]] ahead of the release. Please share any comments on the Completion Suggester [[mw:Help:CirrusSearch/CompletionSuggester|discussion page]] in any language. To learn more about the work of the Discovery department and other improvements to search, please check out [[wmfblog:2015/12/23/search-and-discovery-on-wikipedia/|the Wikimedia blog]]. Read about [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch|CirrusSearch]], the MediaWiki extension that makes wiki search possible.</div> - [[User:CKoerner (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:CKoerner (WMF)|talk]]) 22:09, 7 Önwa Atọ 2016 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:CKoerner_(WMF)/Work/Completion_Suggester_inital_rollout/Target_list&oldid=15420104 --> == New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (March 2016) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''Apologies for writing in English. {{int:Please-translate}}'' Hello Wikimedians! [[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]] [[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for free, full-access accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for access to research materials from: * '''[[w:en:WP:Cambridge|Cambridge University Press]]''' - a major publisher of academic journals and e-books in a variety of subject areas. Access includes both Cambridge Journals Online and Cambridge Books. 25 accounts. * '''[[w:en:WP:Alexander Street|Alexander Street ''Academic Video Online'']]''' - a large academic video collection good for a wide range of subjects, including news programs (such as PBS and BBC), music and theatre, lectures and demonstrations, and documentaries. 25 accounts. * '''[[w:en:WP:Baylor|Baylor University Press]]''' - a publisher of academic e-books primarily in religious studies and the humanities. 50 accounts. * '''[[w:en:WP:Future Science Group|Future Science Group]]''' - a publisher of medical, biotechnological and scientific research. 30 accounts. * '''[[w:en:WP:Annual Reviews|Annual Reviews]]''' - a publisher of review articles in the biomedical sciences. 100 accounts. * '''[[w:en:WP:Miramar|Miramar Ship Index]]''' - an index to ships and their histories since the early 19th century. 30 accounts. '''Non-English''' *'''[[w:fa:ویکی‌پدیا:نورمگز|Noormags]]''' - Farsi-language aggregator of academic and professional journals and magazines. 30 accounts. *'''[[w:ar:ويكيبيديا:مكتبة ويكيبيديا/كتبنا|Kotobna]]''' - Arabic-language ebook publishing platform. 20 accounts. '''Expansions''' *'''[[w:en:WP:Gale|Gale]]''' - aggregator of newspapers, magazines and journals. 50 accounts. *'''[[w:en:WP:Elsevier|Elsevier ScienceDirect]]''' - an academic publishing company that publishes medical and scientific literature. 100 accounts. Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[w:en:WP:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|our partners page]], including [[w:en:WP:Project MUSE|Project MUSE]], [[w:en:WP:De Gruyter|De Gruyter]], [[w:en:WP:EBSCO|EBSCO]], [[w:en:WP:Newspapers.com|Newspapers.com]] and [[w:en:WP:BNA|British Newspaper Archive]]. Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today! <br>--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 20:30, 17 Önwa Atọ 2016 (UTC) :''You can host and coordinate signups for a Wikipedia Library branch in your own language. Please contact [[m:User:Ocaasi_(WMF)|Ocaasi (WMF)]].'' :<small>This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Sadads@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&oldid=15424370 --> == Open Call for Individual Engagement Grants == [[File:IEG barnstar 2.png|right|100px]] {{int:Please-translate}}: Greetings! The '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/IEG|Individual Engagement Grants (IEG) program]] is accepting proposals''' until April 12th to fund new tools, research, outreach efforts, and other experiments that enhance the work of Wikimedia volunteers. Whether you need a small or large amount of funds (up to $30,000 USD), IEGs can support you and your team’s project development time in addition to project expenses such as materials, travel, and rental space. *[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:IEG#ieg-apply|'''Submit''' a grant request]] or [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:IdeaLab|'''draft''' your proposal]] in IdeaLab *[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:IdeaLab/Events#Upcoming_events|'''Get help''' with your proposal]] in an upcoming Hangout session *[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:IEG#ieg-engaging|'''Learn from examples''' of completed Individual Engagement Grants]] With thanks, [[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)|I JethroBT (WMF)]] 15:47, 31 Önwa Atọ 2016 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:I JethroBT (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:I_JethroBT_(WMF)/IEG_2015_Targets&oldid=15490024 --> == Server switch 2016 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will be testing its newest data center in Dallas. This will make sure Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to conduct a planned test. This test will show whether they can reliably switch from one data center to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. They will switch all traffic to the new data center on '''Tuesday, 19 April'''.<br/> On '''Thursday, 21 April''', they will switch back to the primary data center. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop during those two switches. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for approximately 15 to 30 minutes on Tuesday, 19 April and Thursday, 21 April, starting at 14:00 UTC (15:00 BST, 16:00 CEST, 10:00 EDT, 07:00 PDT). If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. *There will be a code freeze for the week of 18 April. No non-essential code deployments will take place. This test was originally planned to take place on March 22. April 19th and 21st are the new dates. You can [[wikitech:Switch Datacenter#Schedule for Q3 FY2015-2016 rollout|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. They will post any changes on that schedule. There will be more notifications about this. '''Please share this information with your community.''' /[[m:User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|User:Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]]) 22:07, 17 Önwa Anọ 2016 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tech/Server_switch_2016/Delivery_list&oldid=15533827 --> == Wikipedia to the Moon == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello! Sorry that this is in English only, but we are using village pump messaging in order to reach as many language communities as possible. Wrong page? Please fix it [[:m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|here]]. This is an invitation to all Wikipedians: Wikimedia Deutschland has been given data space to include Wikipedia content in an upcoming mission to the Moon. (No joke!) We have launched a community discussion about how to do that, because we feel that this is for the global community of editors. Please, '''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia to the Moon|join the discussion on Meta-Wiki]]''' (and translate this invitation to your language community)! Best, [[:m:Talk:Wikipedia to the Moon|Moon team at Wikimedia Deutschland]] 15:35, 21 Önwa Anọ 2016 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Martin Rulsch (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_Wikipedia_delivery&oldid=15542536 --> == Wikipedia to the Moon: voting has begun == Hello, after six weeks of community discussion about [https://moon.wikimedia.org Wikipedia to the Moon], there are now 10 different proposals for content for the mission. Starting today, [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia_to_the_Moon/Voting|you can vote for them on Meta-Wiki]], and decide what we will work on: a Wikipedia canon, different lists, the Moon in 300 languages, an astronomy editathon, featured articles, articles about technology, endangered things, or DNA-related topics. You can even vote against community involvement. Voting is open until 24 June. Sorry that this message is again in English only, but we are using village pumps to reach as many communities as possible, so that everyone knows they can vote. Best, [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia to the Moon/About|Moon team at Wikimedia Deutschland]] 15:31, 10 Önwa Isii 2016 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Martin Rulsch (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_Wikipedia_delivery&oldid=15542536 --> == Compact Language Links enabled in this wiki today == {{int:Please-translate}} <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:Compact-language-links-list.png|thumb|Screenshot of Compact Language Links interlanguage list]] [[:mw:Universal_Language_Selector/Compact_Language_Links|Compact Language Links]] has been available as a beta-feature on all Wikimedia wikis since 2014. With compact language links enabled, users are shown a much shorter list of languages on the interlanguage link section of an article (see image). Based on several factors, this shorter list of languages is expected to be more relevant for them and valuable for finding similar content in a language known to them. More information about compact language links can be found in [[:mw:Universal_Language_Selector/Compact_Language_Links|the documentation]]. From today onwards, compact language links has been enabled as the default listing of interlanguage links on this wiki. Using the button at the bottom, you will be able to see a longer list of all the languages the article has been written in. The setting for this compact list can be changed by using the checkbox under ''User Preferences -> Appearance -> Languages'' The compact language links feature has been tested extensively by the Wikimedia Language team, which developed it. However, in case there are any problems or other feedback please let us know on the [[:mw:Talk:Universal_Language_Selector/Compact_Language_Links|project talk page]] or on this discussion thread. It is to be noted that on some wikis the presence of an existing older gadget that was used for a similar purpose may cause an interference for compact language list. We would like to bring this to the attention of the admins of this wiki. Full details are on [[phab:T131455|this phabricator ticket]] (in English). Due to the large scale enablement of this feature, we have had to use [[:m:Global_message_delivery|MassMessage]] for this announcement and as a result it is only written in English. We will really appreciate if this message can be translated for other users of this wiki. Thank you. On behalf of the Wikimedia Language team: [[:mw:User:Runab_WMF|Runa Bhattacharjee (WMF)]] ([[mw:User talk:Runab_WMF|talk]]) 07:04, 24 Önwa Isii 2016 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Runab WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/ULS_Compact_Links/24_June&oldid=15720673 --> == Wikipedia to the Moon: invitation to edit == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Three weeks ago, you were invited to vote on how to take Wikipedia articles to the Moon. Community voting is over and the winning idea is to send all ‘’featured articles and lists’’ to the Moon. This decision means that, starting today, Wikipedians from all language communities are warmly invited to intensively work on their best articles and lists, and submit them to Wikipedia to the Moon. The central site to coordinate between communities will be Meta-Wiki. You will find an [[m:Wikipedia to the Moon/Working|overview and more information there]]. Hopefully, we will be able to represent as many languages as possible, to show Wikipedia’s diversity. Please feel kindly invited to edit on behalf of your community and tell us about your work on featured content! Best, [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia to the Moon/About|Moon team at Wikimedia Deutschland]] 14:10, 1 Önwa Asaa 2016 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Lydia Pintscher (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_Wikipedia_delivery&oldid=15542536 --> == Save/Publish == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> The [[:mw:Editing|Editing]] team is planning to change the name of the [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:Translations&namespace=8&message=Savearticle “<bdi>{{int:Savearticle}}</bdi>”] button to [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:Translations&namespace=8&message=Publishpage “'''<bdi>{{int:Publishpage}}</bdi>'''”] and [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:Translations&namespace=8&message=Publishchanges “'''<bdi>{{int:Publishchanges}}</bdi>'''”]. “<bdi>{{int:Publishpage}}</bdi>” will be used when you create a new page. “<bdi>{{int:Publishchanges}}</bdi>” will be used when you change an existing page. The names will be consistent in all editing environments.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T131132][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T139033] This change will probably happen during the week of 30 August 2016. The change will be announced in [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech News]] when it happens. If you are fluent in a language other than English, please check the status of translations at translatewiki.net for [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:Translations&namespace=8&message=Publishpage “'''<bdi>{{int:Publishpage}}</bdi>'''”] and [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:Translations&namespace=8&message=Publishchanges “'''<bdi>{{int:Publishchanges}}</bdi>'''”]. The main reason for this change is to avoid confusion for new editors. Repeated user research studies with new editors have shown that some new editors believed that [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:Translations&namespace=8&message=Savearticle “<bdi>{{int:Savearticle}}</bdi>”] would save a private copy of a new page in their accounts, rather than permanently publishing their changes on the web. It is important for this part of the user interface to be clear, since it is difficult to remove public information after it is published. We believe that the confusion caused by the “<bdi>{{int:Savearticle}}</bdi>” button increases the workload for experienced editors, who have to clean up the information that people unintentionally disclose, and report it to the functionaries and stewards to suppress it. Clarifying what the button does will reduce this problem. Beyond that, the goal is to make all the wikis and languages more consistent, and some wikis made this change many years ago. The [[:m:Legal|Legal team]] at the Wikimedia Foundation supports this change. Making the edit interface easier to understand will make it easier to handle licensing and privacy questions that may arise. Any help pages or other basic documentation about how to edit pages will also need to be updated, on-wiki and elsewhere. On wiki pages, you can use the wikitext codes <code><nowiki>{{int:Publishpage}}</nowiki></code> and <code><nowiki>{{int:Publishchanges}}</nowiki></code> to display the new labels in the user's preferred language. For the language settings in [[Special:Preferences|your account preferences]], these wikitext codes produce “<bdi>{{int:Publishpage}}</bdi>” and “<bdi>{{int:Publishchanges}}</bdi>”. Please share this news with community members who teach new editors and with others who may be interested. </div> [[m:User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]]) 18:03, 9 Önwa Asáto 2016 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=15790914 --> == New Wikipedia Library accounts available now (August 2016) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello Wikimedians! [[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]] [[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for free, full-access, accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|publisher donation program]]. You can now sign up for new accounts and research materials from: * '''[[w:de:Wikipedia:Nomos|Nomos]]''' &ndash; Primarily German-language publisher of law and social sciences books and journals - 25 accounts * '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:World Scientific|World Scientific]]''' &ndash; Scientific, technical, and medical journals - 50 accounts * '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Edinburgh University Press|Edinburgh University Press]]''' &ndash; Humanities and social sciences journals - 25 accounts * '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:American Psychological Association|American Psychological Association]]''' &ndash; Psychology books and journals - 10 accounts * '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Emerald|Emerald]]''' &ndash; Journals on a range of topics including business, education, health care, and engineering - 10 accounts Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[m:The Wikipedia Library/Databases|our partners page]], including [[w:en:WP:Project MUSE|Project MUSE]], [[w:en:WP:EBSCO|EBSCO]], [[w:de:WP:DeGruyter|DeGruyter]], [[w:en:WP:Gale|Gale]] and [[w:en:WP:Newspaperarchive.com|Newspaperarchive.com]]. Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today! <br>--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 18:39, 30 Önwa Asáto 2016 (UTC) :''You can host and coordinate signups for a Wikipedia Library branch in your own language! Please contact [[m:User:Ocaasi_(WMF)|Ocaasi (WMF)]].''<br> :<small>This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Samwalton9@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&oldid=15804509 --> == RevisionSlider == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> From September 13th on, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:RevisionSlider|RevisionSlider]] will be available as a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta Features|beta feature]] in your wiki. The RevisionSlider adds a slider view to the diff page, so that you can easily move between revisions. The feature fulfills a wish from the [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|German Community’s Technical Wishlist]]. Everyone is invited to test the feature and we hope that it will serve you well in your work! </div> [[user:Birgit Müller (WMDE)|Birgit Müller (WMDE)]] 15:08, 12 Önwa Itolu 2016 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Birgit Müller (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_2&oldid=15903627 --> == Grants to improve your project == ''{{int:Please-translate}}:'' Greetings! The [[:m:Grants:Project|Project Grants program]] is currently accepting proposals for funding. There is just over a week left to submit before the October 11 deadline. If you have ideas for software, offline outreach, research, online community organizing, or other projects that enhance the work of Wikimedia volunteers, start your proposal today! Please encourage others who have great ideas to apply as well. Support is available if you want help turning your idea into a grant request. *'''[[:m:Grants:Project/Apply|Submit a grant request]]''' *'''Get help''': In [[:m:Grants:IdeaLab|IdeaLab]] or an upcoming [[:m:Grants:Project#Upcoming_events|Hangout session]] *'''Learn from examples''' of completed [[:m:Grants:IEG#ieg-engaging|Individual Engagement Grants]] or [[:m:Grants:PEG/Requests#Grants_funded_by_the_WMF_in_FY_2015.E2.80.9316|Project and Event Grants]] [[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)|I JethroBT (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:I JethroBT (WMF)|talk]]) 20:11, 30 Önwa Itolu 2016 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:I JethroBT (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:I_JethroBT_(WMF)/IEG_2015_Targets&oldid=15939807 --> == Creative Commons 4.0 == Hello! I'm writing from the Wikimedia Foundation to invite you to give your feedback on a proposed move from CC BY-SA 3.0 to a CC BY-SA 4.0 license across all Wikimedia projects. The consultation will run from October 5 to November 8, and we hope to receive a wide range of viewpoints and opinions. Please, if you are interested, [[meta:Special:MyLanguage/Terms of use/Creative Commons 4.0|take part in the discussion on Meta-Wiki]]. ''Apologies that this message is only in English. [[meta:Special:MyLanguage/Terms of use/Creative Commons 4.0/MassMessage|This message can be read and translated in more languages here]].'' [[User:JSutherland (WMF)|Joe Sutherland]] ([[User talk:JSutherland (WMF)|talk]]) 01:35, 6 Önwa Iri 2016 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:JSutherland (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:JSutherland_(WMF)/MassMessage/1&oldid=15962252 --> == New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (November 2016) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello Wikimedians! [[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]] [[:m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for free, full-access, accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials from: *'''''[[:en:WP:Foreign Affairs|Foreign Affairs]]''''' - Journal of international relations and U.S. foreign policy *'''[[:en:WP:OpenEdition|OpenEdition]]''' - Journals in the social sciences and humanities *'''[[:en:WP:EDP Sciences|Édition Diffusion Presse Sciences]]''' - French and English language scientific journals *'''[[:en:WP:ASHA|ASHA]]''' - Speech–language–hearing journals *'''[[:fi:Wikipedia:Wikipedian_Lähdekirjasto/Tilastopaja|Tilastopaja]]''' - Athletics statistics '''Expansions''' *'''[[en:WP:EBSCO|EBSCO]]''' - Many new databases added *'''[[:en:WP:Taylor & Francis|Taylor & Francis]]''' - Strategic, Defence & Security Studies collection Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[:m:The Wikipedia Library/Databases|our partners page]]. Sign up today! <br>--[[:m:The Wikipedia Library/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 18:30, 1 Önwa Iri na otu 2016 (UTC) :''You can host and coordinate signups for a Wikipedia Library branch in your own language. Please contact [[:m:User:Ocaasi_(WMF)|Ocaasi (WMF)]].''<br> :<small>This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Samwalton9@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&oldid=15939318 --> == Password reset == ''I apologise that this message is in English. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Security%2FPassword+reset&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:Centralnotice-shared-help-translate}}]'' We are having a problem with attackers taking over wiki accounts with privileged user rights (for example, admins, bureaucrats, oversighters, checkusers). It appears that this may be because of weak or reused passwords. Community members are working along with members of multiple teams at the Wikimedia Foundation to address this issue. In the meantime, we ask that everyone takes a look at the passwords they have chosen for their wiki accounts. If you know that you've chosen a weak password, or if you've chosen a password that you are using somewhere else, please change those passwords. Select strong passwords – eight or more characters long, and containing letters, numbers, and punctuation. [[m:User:JSutherland (WMF)|Joe Sutherland]] ([[m:User talk:JSutherland (WMF)|{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}]]) / [[Ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 00:00, 14 Önwa Iri na otu 2016 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:JSutherland (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:JSutherland_(WMF)/MassMessage/1&oldid=16060701 --> == Adding to the above section (Password reset) == Please accept my apologies - that first line should read "[https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Security%2FPassword+reset&language=&action=page&filter= Help with translations!]". [[m:User:JSutherland (WMF)|Joe Sutherland (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:JSutherland (WMF)|talk]]) / [[Ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 00:11, 14 Önwa Iri na otu 2016 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:JSutherland (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:JSutherland_(WMF)/MassMessage/1&oldid=16060701 --> == New way to edit wikitext == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> '''Summary''': There's a new opt-in Beta Feature of a [[:mw:2017 wikitext editor|wikitext mode for the visual editor]]. Please [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|go try it out]]. We in the Wikimedia Foundation's Editing department are responsible for making editing better for all our editors, new and experienced alike. We've been slowly improving [[:mw:VisualEditor|the visual editor]] based on feedback, user tests, and feature requests. However, that doesn't work for all our user needs: whether you need to edit a wikitext talk page, create a template, or fix some broken reference syntax, sometimes you need to use wikitext, and many experienced editors prefer it. Consequently, we've planned a "wikitext mode" for the visual editor for a long time. It provides as much of the visual editor's features as possible, for those times that you need or want wikitext. It has the same user interface as the visual editor, including the same toolbar across the top with the same buttons. It provides access to the [[:mw:citoid|citoid service]] for formatting citations, integrated search options for inserting images, and the ability to add new templates in a simple dialog. Like in the visual editor, if you paste in formatted text copied from another page, then formatting (such as bolding) will automatically be converted into wikitext. All wikis now have access to this mode as a [[:mw:Beta Features|Beta Feature]]. When enabled, it replaces your existing [[:mw:Editor|wikitext editor]] everywhere. If you don't like it, you can reverse this at any time by turning off the Beta Feature in your preferences. We don't want to surprise anyone, so it's strictly an ''opt-in-only'' Beta Feature. It won't switch on automatically for anyone, even if you have previously checked the box to "{{Int:Betafeatures-auto-enroll}}". The new wikitext edit mode is based on the visual editor, so it requires JavaScript (as does the [[:mw:Extension:WikiEditor|current wikitext editor]]). It doesn't work with gadgets that have only been designed for the older one (and ''vice versa''), so some users will miss gadgets they find important. We're happy to [[:mw:VisualEditor/Gadgets|work with gadget authors to help them update their code to work]] with both editors. We're not planning to get rid of the current main wikitext editor on desktop in the foreseeable future. We're also not going to remove the existing ability to edit plain wikitext without JavaScript. Finally, though it should go without saying, if you prefer to continue using the current wikitext editor, then you may so do. This is an early version, and we'd love to know what you think so we can make it better. Please leave feedback about the new mode [[:mw:2017 wikitext editor/Feedback|on the feedback page]]. You may write comments in any language. Thank you. </div> [[:mw:User:Jdforrester (WMF)|James Forrester]] (Product Manager, Editing department, Wikimedia Foundation) --19:31, 14 Önwa Iri na abụọ 2016 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=15942009 --> == Review of initial updates on Wikimedia movement strategy process == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''Note: Apologies for cross-posting and sending in English. [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/Initial announcements review|Message is available for translation on Meta-Wiki]].'' The Wikimedia movement is beginning a movement-wide strategy discussion, a process which will run throughout 2017. For 15 years, Wikimedians have worked together to build the largest free knowledge resource in human history. During this time, we've grown from a small group of editors to a diverse network of editors, developers, affiliates, readers, donors, and partners. Today, we are more than a group of websites. We are a movement rooted in values and a powerful vision: all knowledge for all people. As a movement, we have an opportunity to decide where we go from here. This movement strategy discussion will focus on the future of our movement: where we want to go together, and what we want to achieve. We hope to design an inclusive process that makes space for everyone: editors, community leaders, affiliates, developers, readers, donors, technology platforms, institutional partners, and people we have yet to reach. There will be multiple ways to participate including on-wiki, in private spaces, and in-person meetings. You are warmly invited to join and make your voice heard. The immediate goal is to have a strategic direction by Wikimania 2017 to help frame a discussion on how we work together toward that strategic direction. Regular updates are being sent to the [[mail:Wikimedia-l|Wikimedia-l mailing list]], and posted [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia_movement/2017/Updates|on Meta-Wiki]]. Beginning with this message, monthly reviews of these updates will be sent to this page as well. [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/Signup|Sign up]] to receive future announcements and monthly highlights of strategy updates on your user talk page. Here is a review of the updates that have been sent so far: * [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/15 December 2016 - Update 1 on Wikimedia movement strategy process|Update 1 on Wikimedia movement strategy process]] (15 December 2016) ** Introduction to process and information about budget spending resolution to support it * [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/23 December 2016 - Update 2 on Wikimedia movement strategy process|Update 2 on Wikimedia movement strategy process]] (23 December 2016) ** Start of search for Lead Architect for movement strategy process * [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/8 January 2017 - Update 3 on Wikimedia movement strategy process|Update 3 on Wikimedia movement strategy process]] (8 January 2017) ** Plans for strategy sessions at upcoming Wikimedia Conference 2017 * [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/11 January 2017 - Update 4 on Wikimedia movement strategy process|Update 4 on Wikimedia movement strategy process]] (11 January 2017) ** Introduction of williamsworks * [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/2 February 2017 - Update 5 on Wikimedia movement strategy process|Update 5 on Wikimedia movement strategy process]] (2 February 2017) ** The core movement strategy team, team tracks being developed, introduction of the Community Process Steering Committee, discussions at WikiIndaba conference 2017 and the Wikimedia movement affiliates executive directors gathering in Switzerland * [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/10 February 2017 - Update 6 on Wikimedia movement strategy process|Update 6 on Wikimedia movement strategy process]] (10 February 2017) ** Tracks A & B process prototypes and providing feedback, updates on development of all four Tracks More information about the movement strategy is available on the [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017|Meta-Wiki 2017 Wikimedia movement strategy portal]]. ''Posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] on behalf of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]], 20:31, 15 Önwa Abụọ 2017 (UTC) • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/Initial announcements review|{{int:please-translate}}]] • [[m:Talk:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates|Get help]]'' </div> <!-- Message sent by User:GVarnum-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=16297862 --> == Overview #2 of updates on Wikimedia movement strategy process == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''Note: Apologies for cross-posting and sending in English. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/Overview 2 of updates on Wikimedia movement strategy process|This message is available for translation on Meta-Wiki]].'' As we mentioned last month, the Wikimedia movement is beginning a movement-wide strategy discussion, a process which will run throughout 2017. This movement strategy discussion will focus on the future of our movement: where we want to go together, and what we want to achieve. Regular updates are being sent to the [[mail:Wikimedia-l|Wikimedia-l mailing list]], and posted [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia_movement/2017/Updates|on Meta-Wiki]]. Each month, we are sending overviews of these updates to this page as well. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/Signup|Sign up]] to receive future announcements and monthly highlights of strategy updates on your user talk page. Here is a overview of the updates that have been sent since our message last month: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/16 February 2017 - Update 7 on Wikimedia movement strategy process|Update 7 on Wikimedia movement strategy process]] (16 February 2017) ** Development of documentation for Tracks A & B * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/24 February 2017 - Update 8 on Wikimedia movement strategy process|Update 8 on Wikimedia movement strategy process]] (24 February 2017) ** Introduction of Track Leads for all four audience tracks * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/2 March 2017 - Update 9 on Wikimedia movement strategy process|Update 9 on Wikimedia movement strategy process]] (2 March 2017) ** Seeking feedback on documents being used to help facilitate upcoming community discussions More information about the movement strategy is available on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017|Meta-Wiki 2017 Wikimedia movement strategy portal]]. ''Posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] on behalf of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]], 19:43, 9 Önwa Atọ 2017 (UTC) • [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/Overview 2 of updates on Wikimedia movement strategy process|{{int:please-translate}}]] • [[m:Talk:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates|Get help]]'' </div> <!-- Message sent by User:GVarnum-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=16350625 --> == We invite you to join the movement strategy conversation (now through April 15) == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> : ''This message, "[[mailarchive:wikimediaannounce-l/2017-March/001383.html|We invite you to join the movement strategy conversation (now through April 15)]]", was sent through multiple channels by [[m:User:GVarnum-WMF|Gregory Varnum]] on 15 and 16 of March 2017 to village pumps, affiliate talk pages, movement mailing lists, and MassMessage groups. A similar message was sent by [[m:User:Nicole_Ebber_(WMDE)|Nicole Ebber]] to organized groups and their mailing lists on 15 of March 2017. This version of the message is available for translation and documentation purposes'' Dear Wikimedians/Wikipedians: Today we are starting a broad discussion to define Wikimedia's future role in the world and develop a collaborative strategy to fulfill that role. You are warmly invited to join the conversation. There are many ways to participate, by joining an existing conversation or starting your own: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia_movement/2017/Track_A|Track A (organized groups)]]: Discussions with your affiliate, committee or other organized group (these are groups that support the Wikimedia movement). Track B (individual contributors): [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia_movement/2017/Cycle_1|On Meta]] or your [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia_movement/2017/Participate|local language or project wiki]]. This is the first of three conversations, and it will run between now and April 15. The purpose of cycle 1 is to discuss the future of the movement and generate major themes around potential directions. What do we want to build or achieve together over the next 15 years? We welcome you, as we create this conversation together, and look forward to broad and diverse participation from all parts of our movement. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia_movement/2017|Find out more about the movement strategy process]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia_movement/2017/Toolkit/Discussion_Coordinator_Role|Learn more about volunteering to be a Discussion Coordinator]] Sincerely, Nicole Ebber (Track A Lead), Jaime Anstee (Track B Lead), & the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia_movement/2017/People|engagement support teams]]</div></div> 05:09, 18 Önwa Atọ 2017 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:GVarnum-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Strategy/Wikimedia_movement/2017/Updates/Global_message_delivery&oldid=16453957 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Updates/Start of the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees elections|Start of the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees elections]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''Please accept our apologies for cross-posting this message. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Updates/Start of the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees elections|This message is available for translation on Meta-Wiki]].'' [[File:Wikimedia-logo black.svg|right|150px|link=m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017]] On behalf of the Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee, I am pleased to announce that self-nominations are being accepted for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2017/Board_of_Trustees/Call_for_candidates|2017 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees Elections]]. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees|Board of Trustees]] (Board) is the decision-making body that is ultimately responsible for the long-term sustainability of the Wikimedia Foundation, so we value wide input into its selection. More information about this role can be found [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Board of Trustees|on Meta-Wiki]]. Please read the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Board of Trustees/Call for candidates|letter from the Board of Trustees calling for candidates]]. '''The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Board of Trustees/Candidates|candidacy submission phase]] will last from April 7 (00:00 UTC) to April 20 (23:59 UTC).''' '''We will also be accepting questions to ask the candidates from April 7 to April 20. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Board of Trustees/Questions|You can submit your questions on Meta-Wiki]].''' Once the questions submission period has ended on April 20, the Elections Committee will then collate the questions for the candidates to respond to beginning on April 21. The goal of this process is to fill the '''three community-selected seats''' on the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees. The election results will be used by the Board itself to select its new members. The full schedule for the Board elections is as follows. All dates are '''inclusive''', that is, from the beginning of the first day (UTC) to the end of the last. * April 7 (00:00 UTC) – April 20 (23:59 UTC) – '''Board nominations''' * April 7 – April 20 – '''Board candidates questions submission period''' * April 21 – April 30 – '''Board candidates answer questions''' * May 1 – May 14 – '''Board voting period''' * May 15–19 – '''Board vote checking''' * May 20 – '''Board result announcement goal''' In addition to the Board elections, we will also soon be holding elections for the following roles: * '''Funds Dissemination Committee (FDC)''' ** There are five positions being filled. More information about this election will be available [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Funds Dissemination Committee|on Meta-Wiki]]. * '''Funds Dissemination Committee Ombudsperson (Ombuds)''' ** One position is being filled. More information about this election will be available [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Funds Dissemination Committee Ombudsperson|on Meta-Wiki]]. Please note that this year the Board of Trustees elections will be held before the FDC and Ombuds elections. Candidates who are not elected to the Board are explicitly permitted and encouraged to submit themselves as candidates to the FDC or Ombuds positions after the results of the Board elections are announced. More information on this year's elections can be found [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017|on Meta-Wiki]]. Any questions related to the election can be posted on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017|election talk page on Meta-Wiki]], or sent to the election committee's mailing list, <tt dir="ltr" style="white-space:nowrap;font-size:12px;line-height:1.5">board-elections[[File:At sign.svg|15x15px|middle|link=|alt=(at)]]wikimedia.org</tt>. On behalf of the Election Committee,<br /> [[m:User:KTC|Katie Chan]], Chair, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee|Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]]<br /> [[m:User:JSutherland (WMF)|Joe Sutherland]], Community Advocate, Wikimedia Foundation ''Posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] on behalf of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee|Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]], 03:37, 7 Önwa Anọ 2017 (UTC) • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Updates/Start of the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees elections|{{int:please-translate}}]] • [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017|Get help]]''</div> <!-- Message sent by User:GVarnum-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=16441214 --> == Read-only mode for 20 to 30 minutes on 19 April and 3 May == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch 2017|Read this message in another language]] • {{int:please-translate}} The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will be testing its secondary data center in Dallas. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to conduct a planned test. This test will show whether they can reliably switch from one data center to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. They will switch all traffic to the secondary data center on '''Wednesday, 19 April 2017'''. On '''Wednesday, 3 May 2017''', they will switch back to the primary data center. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop during those two switches. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for approximately 20 to 30 minutes on Wednesday, 19 April and Wednesday, 3 May. The test will start at [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20170419T14 14:00 UTC] (15:00 BST, 16:00 CEST, 10:00 EDT, 07:00 PDT, 23:00 JST, and in New Zealand at 02:00 NZST on Thursday 20 April and Thursday 4 May). *If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. *There will be code freezes for the weeks of 17 April 2017 and 1 May 2017. Non-essential code deployments will not happen. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch Datacenter#Schedule for 2017 switch|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. There will be more notifications about this. '''Please share this information with your community.''' /<span dir=ltr>[[m:User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|User:Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]])</span> </div></div>[[Ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 17:33, 11 Önwa Anọ 2017 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=16545942 --> == Wikidata description editing in the Wikipedia Android app == <div class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[:mw:Wikimedia_Apps/Short_descriptions|Wikidata description editing]] is a new experiment being rolled out on the Wikipedia app for Android. While this primarily impacts Wikidata, the changes are also addressing a concern about the mobile versions of Wikipedia, so that mobile users will be able to edit directly the descriptions shown under the title of the page and in the search results. We began by rolling out this feature several weeks ago to a pilot group of Wikipedias (Russian, Hebrew, and Catalan), and have seen very positive [[:mw:Wikimedia_Apps/Short_descriptions/Research|results]] including numerous quality contributions in the form of new and updated descriptions, and a low rate of vandalism. We are now ready for the next phase of rolling out this feature, which is to enable it in a few days for all Wikipedias except the top ten by usage within the app (i.e. except English, German, Italian, French, Spanish, Japanese, Dutch, Portuguese, Turkish, and Chinese). We will enable the feature for those languages instead at some point in the future, as we closely monitor user engagement with our expanded set of pilot communities. As always, if have any concerns, please reach out to us on wiki at [[:mw:Talk:Wikimedia_Apps/Short_descriptions|the talk page for this project]] or by email at reading@wikimedia.org. Thanks! -[[:mw:User:DBrant (WMF)|DBrant (WMF)]] 08:41, 14 Önwa Anọ 2017 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Elitre_(WMF)/Wikidata_editing&oldid=16580284 --> == New Page previews feature == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> New Page previews feature [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/User:CKoerner (WMF)/Enable Hovercards/Phase 1|Read this message in another language]] • {{int:please-translate}} Hello, The Reading web team at the Wikimedia Foundation has been working to enable [[mw:Beta Features/Hovercards|Page previews]], [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|a beta feature]] known previously as Hovercards, as opt-in behavior for logged-in users and the default behavior for logged-out users across Wikipedia projects. Page previews provide a preview of any linked article, giving readers a quick understanding of a related article without leaving the current page. For this project, we are expecting to collect feedback over the following few weeks and tentatively enable the feature in early May, 2017. A quick note on the implementation: * For logged-in users who are not currently testing out the beta feature, Page previews will be off by default. Users may turn them on from [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|their user preferences]] page. * For logged-out users, the feature will be on by default. Users may disable it at any time by selecting the setting cog available in each preview. * For users of the Navigation popups gadget, you will not be able to turn on the Page previews feature while using navigational popups. If you would like to try out the Page preview feature, make sure to first turn Navigation popups off prior to turning Page previews on. You can read more about [[mw:Beta_Features/Hovercards|the feature]] and [[mw:Beta Features/Hovercards#Success Metrics and Feature Evaluation|the tests we used to evaluate performance]], try it out by enabling it from the beta features page, and leave feedback or questions [[mw:Talk:Beta_Features/Hovercards|on the talk page]]. Thank you, [[Ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 16:52, 19 Önwa Anọ 2017 (UTC) </div></div> <!-- Message sent by User:CKoerner (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:CKoerner_(WMF)/Enable_Hovercards/Phase_1/Distribution_list&oldid=16616381 --> == New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (May 2017) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello Wikimedians! [[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]] [[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for free, full-access, accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials from: * '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:American Psychiatric Association|American Psychiatric Association]]''' – Psychiatry books and journals * '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Bloomsbury|Bloomsbury]]''' – ''Who's Who'', Drama Online, Berg Fashion Library, and ''Whitaker's'' * '''[[w:fi:Wikipedia:Wikipedian Lähdekirjasto/Gaudeamus|Gaudeamus]]''' – Finnish humanities and social sciences * '''[[w:fi:Wikipedia:Wikipedian Lähdekirjasto/Ympäristö-lehti|Ympäristö-lehti]]''' – The Finnish Environment Institute's ''Ympäristö-lehti'' magazine '''Expansions''' * '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Gale|Gale]]''' – Biography In Context database added * '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Adam Matthew|Adam Matthew]]''' – all 53 databases now available Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[m:The Wikipedia Library/Databases|our partners page]], including [[w:en:WP:Project MUSE|Project MUSE]], [[w:en:WP:EBSCO|EBSCO]], [[w:en:WP:Taylor & Francis|Taylor & Francis]] and [[w:en:WP:Newspaperarchive.com|Newspaperarchive.com]]. Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today! <br>--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 18:52, 2 Önwa Ise 2017 (UTC) :''You can host and coordinate signups for a Wikipedia Library branch in your own language. Please contact [[m:User:AVasanth_(WMF)|Aaron]].''<br> :<small>This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Samwalton9@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&oldid=16557812 --> == [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:SecurePoll/vote/341?setlang={{CONTENTLANG}} Voting has begun in 2017 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees elections] == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">[[File:Wikimedia-logo black.svg|{{#switch:{{CONTENTLANG}}|ar=left|he=left|right}}|125px|link=m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Updates/Board voting has begun]]''This is a message from the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee|Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]]. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Updates/Board voting has begun|Translations]] are available.'' [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:SecurePoll/vote/341?setlang={{CONTENTLANG}}&uselang={{CONTENTLANG}} Voting has begun] for [[m:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017#Requirements|eligible voters]] in the 2017 elections for the ''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Board of Trustees|Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees]]''. The [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees|Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees]] is the ultimate governing authority of the Wikimedia Foundation, a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization registered in the United States. The Wikimedia Foundation manages many diverse projects such as Wikipedia and Commons. The voting phase lasts from 00:00 UTC May 1 to 23:59 UTC May 14. '''[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:SecurePoll/vote/341?setlang={{CONTENTLANG}}&uselang={{CONTENTLANG}} Click here to vote].''' More information on the candidates and the elections can be found on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Board of Trustees|2017 Board of Trustees election page]] on Meta-Wiki. On behalf of the Elections Committee,<br/> [[m:User:KTC|Katie Chan]], Chair, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee|Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]]<br/> [[m:User:JSutherland (WMF)|Joe Sutherland]], Community Advocate, Wikimedia Foundation ''Posted by the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Updates/Board voting has begun|Translate]] • [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017|Get help]]</div> 19:14, 3 Önwa Ise 2017 (UTC)'' <!-- Message sent by User:GVarnum-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=16683836 --> == Beta Feature Two Column Edit Conflict View == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> From May 9, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two_Column_Edit_Conflict_View|Two Column Edit Conflict View]] will be available as a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta Features|beta feature]] on all wikis. The Two Column Edit Conflict View is a new interface for the edit conflict resolution page. It highlights differences between the editor's and the conflicting changes to make it easy to copy and paste pieces of the text and resolve the conflict. The feature fulfils a request for a more user-friendly edit conflict resolution from the [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|German Community’s Technical Wishlist]]. Everyone is invited to test the feature and we hope that it will serve you well! </div> [[m:user:Birgit Müller (WMDE)|Birgit Müller (WMDE)]] 14:41, 8 Önwa Ise 2017 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Birgit Müller (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_2&oldid=16712264 --> == Prototype for editing Wikidata infoboxes on Wikipedia == Hello, I’m sorry for writing in English. It’d be great if someone could translate this message if necessary. One of the most requested features for Wikidata is to enable editing of Wikidata’s data directly from Wikipedia, so the editors can continue their workflow without switching websites. The Wikidata development team has been working on a tool to achieve this goal: '''fill and edit the Wikipedia infoboxes with information from Wikidata, directly on Wikipedia''', via the Visual Editor. We already [[d:Wikidata:Client editing input|asked for feedback in 2015]], and collected some interesting ideas which we [[:File:Facilitating_the_use_of_Wikidata_in_Wikimedia_projects_with_a_user-centered_design_approach.pdf|shared with you in this thesis]]. Now we would like to present to you our first prototype and collect your feedback, in order to improve and continue the development of this feature. We present this work to you very early, so we can include your feedback before and all along the development. You are the core users of this feature, so we want to make sure that it fits your needs and editing processes. You will find the prototype, description of the features, and a demo video, '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Client editing prototype|on this page]]'''. Feel free to add any comment or feedback on the talk page. The page is currently not translated in every languages, but you can add your contribution by helping to translate it. Unfortunately, I won’t be able to follow all the discussions on Wikipedia, so if you want to be sure that your feedback is read, please add it on the Wikidata page, in your favorite language. Thanks for your understanding. Thanks, [[user:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)|Lea Lacroix (WMDE)]] <!-- Message sent by User:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Lea_Lacroix_(WMDE)/List_Wikipedias&oldid=16766491 --> == RevisionSlider == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:RevisionSlider|RevisionSlider]] will be available as a default feature for all users on all wikis from May 17. The RevisionSlider adds a slider view to the diff page so that you can easily move between revisions. The slider view is collapsed by default, and will load by clicking on it. It can also be turned off entirely in the user preferences. RevisionSlider has been a default feature on German, Arabic and Hebrew Wikipedia for 6 months and a beta feature on all wikis for 8 months. The feature fulfills a wish from the [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|German Community’s Technical Wishlist]]. Thanks to everyone who tested RevisionSlider and gave valuable feedback to improve the feature! We hope that RevisionSlider will continue to serve you well in your work. </div> [[m:user:Birgit Müller (WMDE)|Birgit Müller (WMDE)]] 14:44, 16 Önwa Ise 2017 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Birgit Müller (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_2&oldid=16715712 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Cycle 2|Join the next cycle of Wikimedia movement strategy discussions (underway until June 12)]] == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/Cycle 2 discussions launch|Message is available for translation on Meta-Wiki]]'' [[File:Wikimedia-logo.svg||{{#switch:{{CONTENTLANG}}|ar=left|he=left|right}}||150px]] The Wikimedia movement strategy core team and working groups have completed reviewing the more than 1800 thematic statements we received from the first discussion. They have identified [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Cycle 2|5 themes that were consistent across all the conversations]] - each with their own set of sub-themes. These are not the final themes, just an initial working draft of the core concepts. You are invited to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Participate|join the online and offline discussions taking place]] on these 5 themes. This round of discussions will take place between now and June 12th. You can discuss as many as you like; we ask you to participate in the ones that are most (or least) important to you. Here are the five themes, each has a page on Meta-Wiki with more information about the theme and how to participate in that theme's discussion: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Cycle 2/Healthy, Inclusive Communities|Healthy, Inclusive Communities]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Cycle 2/The Augmented Age|The Augmented Age]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Cycle 2/A Truly Global Movement|A Truly Global Movement]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Cycle 2/The Most Respected Source of Knowledge|The Most Respected Source of Knowledge]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Cycle 2/Engaging in the Knowledge Ecosystem|Engaging in the Knowledge Ecosystem]] On the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Participate|movement strategy portal on Meta-Wiki]], you can find more information about each of these themes, their discussions, and how to participate. ''Posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] on behalf of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/Cycle 2 discussions launch|{{int:please-translate}}]] • [[m:Talk:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates|Get help]]''</div> 21:09, 16 Önwa Ise 2017 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:GVarnum-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Strategy/Wikimedia_movement/2017/Updates/Global_message_delivery&oldid=16773425 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Updates/Start of the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation Funds Dissemination Committee elections|Start of the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation Funds Dissemination Committee elections]] == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">[[File:Wikimedia-logo black.svg|{{#switch:{{CONTENTLANG}}|ar=left|he=left|right}}|125px|link=m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Updates/Start of the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation Funds Dissemination Committee elections]] :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Updates/Start of the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation Funds Dissemination Committee elections|Translations of this message are available on Meta-Wiki]].'' On behalf of the Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee, we are pleased to announce that self-nominations are being accepted for the [[m:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Funds Dissemination Committee/Call for candidates|2017 Wikimedia Foundation Funds Dissemination Committee]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Funds Dissemination Committee Ombudsperson|Funds Dissemination Committee Ombudsperson]] elections. Please read the letter from the Wikimedia Foundation calling for candidates at [[m:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Funds Dissemination Committee/Call for candidates|on the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation elections portal]]. ''Funds Dissemination Committee''<br /> The Funds Dissemination Committee (FDC) makes recommendations about how to allocate Wikimedia movement funds to eligible entities. There are five positions being filled. More information about this role can be found at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Funds Dissemination Committee|the FDC elections page]]. ''Funds Dissemination Committee Ombudsperson''<br /> The Funds Dissemination Committee Ombudsperson receives complaints and feedback about the FDC process, investigates complaints at the request of the Board of Trustees, and summarizes the investigations and feedback for the Board of Trustees on an annual basis. One position is being filled. More information about this role can be found at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Funds Dissemination Committee Ombudsperson|the FDC Ombudsperson elections page]]. '''The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Funds Dissemination Committee/Candidates|candidacy submission phase]] will last until May 28 (23:59 UTC).''' '''We will also be accepting questions to ask the candidates until May 28. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Funds Dissemination Committee/Questions|You can submit your questions on Meta-Wiki]].''' Once the questions submission period has ended on May 28, the Elections Committee will then collate the questions for the candidates to respond to. The goal of this process is to fill the '''five community-selected seats''' on the Wikimedia Foundation Funds Dissemination Committee and the '''community-selected ombudsperson'''. The election results will be used by the Board itself to make the appointments. The full schedule for the FDC elections is as follows. All dates are '''inclusive''', that is, from the beginning of the first day (UTC) to the end of the last. * May 15 (00:00 UTC) – May 28 (23:59 UTC) – '''Nominations''' * May 15 – May 28 – '''Candidates questions submission period''' * May 29 – June 2 – '''Candidates answer questions''' * June 3 – June 11 – '''Voting period''' * June 12–14 – '''Vote checking''' * June 15 – '''Goal date for announcing election results''' More information on this year's elections can be found at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017|the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation elections portal]]. Please feel free to post a note about the election on your project's village pump. Any questions related to the election can be posted on [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017|the talk page on Meta-Wiki]], or sent to the election committee's mailing list, <tt dir="ltr" style="white-space:nowrap;font-size:12px;line-height:1.5">board-elections[[File:At sign.svg|15x15px|middle|link=|alt=(at)]]wikimedia.org</tt>. On behalf of the Election Committee,<br /> [[m:User:KTC|Katie Chan]], Chair, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee|Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]]<br /> [[m:User:JSutherland (WMF)|Joe Sutherland]], Community Advocate, Wikimedia Foundation ''Posted by the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Updates/Start of the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation Funds Dissemination Committee elections|Translate]] • [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017|Get help]]''</div> 21:05, 23 Önwa Ise 2017 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:GVarnum-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=16804695 --> == Accessible editing buttons == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">The MediaWiki developers have been slowly improving the accessibility of the user interface. The next step in this transition will change the appearance of some buttons and may break some outdated (non-updated or unmaintained) user scripts and gadgets. You can see and use the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Project:Sandbox?action=submit&ooui=0 old] and [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Project:Sandbox?action=submit&ooui=1 new] versions now. Most editors will only notice that some buttons are slightly larger and have different colors. <gallery mode="nolines" caption="Comparison of old and new styles" heights="240" widths="572"> File:MediaWiki edit page buttons accessibility change 2017, before.png|Buttons before the change File:MediaWiki edit page buttons accessibility change 2017, after.png|Buttons after the change </gallery> However, this change also affects some user scripts and gadgets. Unfortunately, some of them may not work well in the new system. <mark>If you maintain any user scripts or gadgets that are used for editing, please see '''[[:mw:Contributors/Projects/Accessible editing buttons]]''' for information on how to test and fix your scripts. Outdated scripts can be tested and fixed now.</mark> This change will probably reach this wiki on '''Tuesday, 18 July 2017'''. Please leave a note at [[:mw:Talk:Contributors/Projects/Accessible editing buttons]] if you need help.</div> [[:m:User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]]) 22:23, 10 Önwa Asaa 2017 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=16980876 --> == Page Previews (Hovercards) update == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> Hello, A quick update on the progress of enabling [[mw:Hovercards|Page Previews]] (previously named Hovercards) on this project. Page Previews provide a preview of any linked article, giving readers a quick understanding of a related article without leaving the current page. As mentioned in December we're preparing to remove the feature from Beta and make it the default behavior for logged-out users. We have recently made a large update to the code which fixes most outstanding bugs. Due to some issues with our instrumentation, we delayed our deployment by a few months. We are finally ready to deploy the feature. Page Previews will be off by default and available in the user preferences page for logged-in users the week of July 24th. The feature will be on by default for current beta users and logged-out users. If you would like to preview the feature, you can enable it as a [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]]. For more information see [[mw:Hovercards|Page Previews]]. Questions can be left [[mw:Talk:Beta_Features/Hovercards|on the talk page]] in your preferred language. Thank you again. </div>[[m:User:CKoerner (WMF)|CKoerner (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:CKoerner (WMF)|talk]]) 22:33, 20 Önwa Asaa 2017 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:CKoerner (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:CKoerner_(WMF)/Enable_Hovercards/Reminder/Distribution_list&oldid=17019707 --> == RfC regarding "Interlinking of accounts involved with paid editing to decrease impersonation" == There is currently a RfC open on Meta regarding "[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Requests_for_comment/Interlinking_of_accounts_involved_with_paid_editing_to_decrease_impersonation requiring those involved with paid editing on Wikipedia to link on their user page to all other active accounts through which they advertise paid Wikipedia editing business.]" Note this is to apply to Wikipedia and not necessarily other sister projects, this is only to apply to websites where people are specifically advertising that they will edit Wikipedia for pay and not any other personal, professional, or social media accounts a person may have. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Requests_for_comment/Interlinking_of_accounts_involved_with_paid_editing_to_decrease_impersonation Please comment on meta]. Thanks. Send on behalf of [[User:Doc James]]. [[Ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 21:06, 17 Önwa Itolu 2017 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Doc James@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedias&oldid=17234819 --> == Discussion on synced reading lists == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> '''Discussion on synced reading lists''' Hello, [[File:Illustration of Reading List feature on Android Wikipedia App (not logged in).png|thumb]] The Reading Infrastructure team at the Wikimedia Foundation is developing a cross-platform reading list service for the mobile Wikipedia app. Reading lists are like bookmark folders in your web browser. They allow readers using the Wikipedia app to bookmark pages into folders to read later. This includes reading offline. Reading lists do not create or alter content in any way. To create Reading Lists, app users will register an account and marked pages will be tied to that account. Reading List account preferences sync between devices. You can read the same pages on different mobile platforms (tablets, phones). This is the first time we are syncing preference data between devices in such a way. We want to hear and address concerns about privacy and data security. We also want to explain why the current watchlist system is not being adapted for this purpose. === Background === In 2016 the Android team replaced the simple Saved Pages feature with Reading Lists. Reading Lists allow users to bookmark pages into folders and for reading offline. The intent of this feature was to allow "syncing" of these lists for users with many devices. Due to overlap with the Gather feature and related community concerns, this part was put on hold. The Android team has identified this lack of synching as a major area of complaint from users. They expect lists to sync. The iOS team has held off implementing Reading Lists, as syncing was seen as a "must have" for this feature. A recent [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T164990 technical RfC] has allowed these user stories and needs to be unblocked. Initially for Android, then iOS, and with web to potentially follow. Reading lists are private, stored as part of a user's account, not as a public wiki page. There is no sharing or publishing ability for reading lists. No planned work to make these public. The target audience are people that read Wikipedia and want to bookmark and organize that content in the app. There is a potential for the feature to be available on the web in the future. === Why not watchlists === Watchlists offer similar functionality to Reading Lists. The Reading Infrastructure team evaluated watchlist infrastructure before exploring other options. In general, the needs of watchlists differ from Reading Lists in a few key ways: * Reading lists focus on Reading articles, not the monitoring of changes. * Watchlists are focused on monitoring changes of pages/revisions. ** The Watchlist infrastructure is key to our contributor community for monitoring content changes manually and through the use of automated tools (bots). Because of these needs, expanding the scope of Watchlists to reading purposes will only make the project harder to maintain and add more constraints. * By keeping the projects separate it is easier to scale resources. We can serve these two different audiences and prioritize the work accordingly. Reading Lists are, by their nature, less critical to the health of Wikipedia/MediaWiki. * Multi-project support. Reading Lists are by design cross-wiki/project. Watchlists are tied to specific wikis. While there have been many discussion for making them cross-wiki, resolution is not in the near term. [[mw:Wikimedia Apps/Synced Reading Lists|More information can be found on MediaWiki.org]] where feedback and ideas are welcome. Thank you </div> [[m:User:CKoerner (WMF)|CKoerner (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:CKoerner (WMF)|talk]]) 20:35, 20 Önwa Itolu 2017 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:CKoerner (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=16981815 --> == New print to pdf feature for mobile web readers == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> '''New print to pdf feature for mobile web readers''' The Readers web team will be deploying a new feature this week to make it [[mw:Reading/Web/Projects/Mobile_PDFs|easier to download PDF versions of articles on the mobile website]]. Providing better offline functionality was one of the highlighted areas from [[m:New_Readers/Offline|the research done by the New Readers team in Mexico, Nigeria, and India]]. The teams created a prototype for mobile PDFs which was evaluated by user research and community feedback. The [[m:New_Readers/Offline#Concept_testing_for_mobile_web|prototype evaluation]] received positive feedback and results, so development continued. For the initial deployment, the feature will be available to Google Chrome browsers on Android. Support for other mobile browsers to come in the future. For Chrome, the feature will use the native Android print functionality. Users can choose to download a webpage as a PDF. [[mw:Reading/Web/Projects/Print_Styles#Mobile_Printing|Mobile print styles]] will be used for these PDFs to ensure optimal readability for smaller screens. The feature is available starting Wednesday, Nov 15. For more information, see [[mw:Reading/Web/Projects/Mobile_PDFs|the project page on MediaWiki.org]]. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} </div> [[m:User:CKoerner (WMF)|CKoerner (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:CKoerner (WMF)|talk]]) 22:07, 20 Önwa Iri na otu 2017 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:CKoerner (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:CKoerner_(WMF)/Mobile_PDF_distribution_list&oldid=17448927 --> == Call for Wikimania 2018 Scholarships == Hi all, We wanted to inform you that scholarship applications for [[:wm2018:Wikimania 2018|Wikimania 2018]] which is being held in Cape Town, South Africa on July 18–22, 2018 are now being accepted. '''Applications are open until Monday, 22 January 2018 23:59 UTC.''' Applicants will be able to apply for a partial or full scholarship. A full scholarship will cover the cost of an individual's round-trip travel, shared accommodation, and conference registration fees as arranged by the Wikimedia Foundation. A partial scholarship will cover conference registration fees and shared accommodation. Applicants will be rated using a pre-determined selection process and selection criteria established by the Scholarship Committee and the Wikimedia Foundation, who will determine which applications are successful. To learn more about Wikimania 2018 scholarships, please visit: [[:wm2018:Scholarships]]. To apply for a scholarship, fill out the multi-language application form on: '''https://scholarships.wikimedia.org/apply''' It is highly recommended that applicants review all the material on the Scholarships page and [[:wm2018:Scholarships/FAQ|the associated FAQ]] before submitting an application. If you have any questions, please contact: wikimania-scholarships at wikimedia.org or leave a message at: [[:wm2018:Talk:Scholarships]]. Please help us spread the word and translate pages! Best regards, [[:m:User:Slashme|David Richfield]] and [[:m:DerHexer|Martin Rulsch]] for the [[:wm2018:Scholarship Committee|Scholarship Committee]] 19:24, 20 Önwa Iri na abụọ 2017 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:DerHexer@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_Wikipedia_delivery&oldid=17300722 --> == User group for Military Historians == Greetings, "Military history" is one of the most important subjects when speak of sum of all human knowledge. To support contributors interested in the area over various language Wikipedias, we intend to form a user group. It also provides a platform to share the best practices between military historians, and various military related projects on Wikipedias. An initial discussion was has been done between the coordinators and members of WikiProject Military History on English Wikipedia. Now this discussion has been taken to Meta-Wiki. Contributors intrested in the area of military history are requested to share their feedback and give suggestions at [[:m:Talk:Discussion to incubate a user group for Wikipedia Military Historians|Talk:Discussion to incubate a user group for Wikipedia Military Historians]]. [[Ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 10:46, 21 Önwa Iri na abụọ 2017 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Krishna Chaitanya Velaga@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_Wikipedia_delivery&oldid=17565441 --> == AdvancedSearch == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> From May 8, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:AdvancedSearch|AdvancedSearch]] will be available as a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta Features|beta feature]] in your wiki. The feature enhances the [[Special:Search|search page]] through an advanced parameters form and aims to make [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/AdvancedSearch/Functional_scope|existing search options]] more visible and accessible for everyone. AdvancedSearch is a project by [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/AdvancedSearch|WMDE Technical Wishes]]. Everyone is invited to test the feature and we hope that it will serve you well in your work! </div> [[m:User:Birgit Müller (WMDE)|Birgit Müller (WMDE)]] 14:53, 7 Önwa Ise 2018 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Birgit Müller (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_2&oldid=17995461 --> == New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (May 2018) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello Wikimedians! [[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]] [[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for free, full-access, accounts to research and tools as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials on the [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/ Library Card platform]: * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/69/ Rock's Backpages]''' – Music articles and interviews from the 1950s onwards - 50 accounts * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/68/ Invaluable]''' – Database of more than 50 million auctions and over 500,000 artists - 15 accounts * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/70/ Termsoup]''' – Translation tool '''Expansions''' * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/43/ Fold3]''' – Available content has more than doubled, now including new military collections from the UK, Australia, and New Zealand. * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/52/ Oxford University Press]''' – The Scholarship collection now includes [http://www.e-enlightenment.com/ Electronic Enlightenment] * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/60/ Alexander Street Press]''' – [https://alexanderstreet.com/products/women-and-social-movements-library Women and Social Movements Library] now available * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/58/ Cambridge University Press]''' – [http://orlando.cambridge.org/ Orlando Collection] now available Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/ our partners page], including [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/47/ Baylor University Press], [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/41/ Loeb Classical Library], [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/46/ Cairn], [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/55/ Gale] and [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/61/ Bloomsbury]. Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today! <br>--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 18:03, 30 Ọnwaìse 2018 (UTC) :''You can host and coordinate signups for a Wikipedia Library branch in your own language. Please contact [[m:User:Ocaasi_(WMF)|Ocaasi (WMF)]].''<br> :<small>This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Samwalton9@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&oldid=18064061 --> == Global preferences are available == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> Global preferences are now available, you can set them by visiting your new [[Special:GlobalPreferences|global preferences page]]. Visit [[mw:Help:Extension:GlobalPreferences|mediawiki.org for information on how to use them]] and [[mw:Help talk:Extension:GlobalPreferences|leave feedback]]. -- [[User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) </div> 19:19, 10 Ọnwaàsaà 2018 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=17968247 --> == Consultation on the creation of a separate user group for editing sitewide CSS/JS == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> ''({{int:please-translate}})'' Hi all, I'm preparing a change in who can edit sitewide CSS/JS pages. (These are pages like <code dir="ltr">MediaWiki:Common.css</code> and <code dir="ltr">MediaWiki:Vector.js</code> which are executed in the browser of all readers and editors.) Currently all administrators are able to edit these pages, which poses a serious and unnecessary security risk. Soon, a dedicated, smaller user group will take over this task. Your community will be able to decide who belongs in this group, so this should mean very little change for you. You can find out more and provide feedback at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Creation of separate user group for editing sitewide CSS/JS|the consultation page on Meta]]. If you are involved in maintaining CSS/JS code, or policymaking around adminship requests, please give it a look! Thanks! <br/><span dir="ltr">[[m:User:Tgr|Tgr]] ([[m:User talk:Tgr|talk]]) 08:45, 12 Ọnwaàsaà 2018 (UTC) <small>(via [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|global message delivery]])</small></span> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Tgr@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Nonechnical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=18199925 --> == New user group for editing sitewide CSS/JS == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> ''({{int:please-translate}})'' Hi all! To improve the security of our readers and editors, permission handling for CSS/JS pages has changed. (These are pages like <code dir="ltr">MediaWiki:Common.css</code> and <code dir="ltr">MediaWiki:Vector.js</code> which contain code that is executed in the browsers of users of the site.) A new user group, <code dir="ltr">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interface administrators|interface-admin]]</code>, has been created. Starting four weeks from now, only members of this group will be able edit CSS/JS pages that they do not own (that is, any page ending with <code dir="ltr">.css</code> or <code dir="ltr">.js</code> that is either in the <code dir="ltr">MediaWiki:</code> namespace or is another user's user subpage). You can learn more about the motivation behind the change [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Creation of separate user group for editing sitewide CSS/JS|here]]. Please add users who need to edit CSS/JS to the new group (this can be done the same way new administrators are added, by stewards or local bureaucrats). This is a dangerous permission; a malicious user or a hacker taking over the account of a careless interface-admin can abuse it in far worse ways than admin permissions could be abused. Please only assign it to users who need it, who are trusted by the community, and who follow common basic password and computer security practices (use strong passwords, do not reuse passwords, use two-factor authentication if possible, do not install software of questionable origin on your machine, use antivirus software if that's a standard thing in your environment). Thanks! <br/><span dir="ltr">[[m:User:Tgr|Tgr]] ([[m:User talk:Tgr|talk]]) 13:08, 30 Ọnwaàsaà 2018 (UTC) <small>(via [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|global message delivery]])</small></span> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Tgr@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=17968247 --> == Editing of sitewide CSS/JS is only possible for interface administrators from now == ''({{int:please-translate}})'' <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hi all, as [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Creation of separate user group for editing sitewide CSS/JS/announcement 2|announced previously]], permission handling for CSS/JS pages has changed: only members of the <code>[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interface administrators|interface-admin]]</code> ({{int:group-interface-admin}}) group, and a few highly privileged global groups such as stewards, can edit CSS/JS pages that they do not own (that is, any page ending with .css or .js that is either in the MediaWiki: namespace or is another user's user subpage). This is done to improve the security of readers and editors of Wikimedia projects. More information is available at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Creation of separate user group for editing sitewide CSS/JS|Creation of separate user group for editing sitewide CSS/JS]]. If you encounter any unexpected problems, please contact me or file a bug. Thanks!<br /> [[m:User:Tgr|Tgr]] ([[m:User talk:Tgr|talk]]) 12:39, 27 Ọnwaàsatọ 2018 (UTC) <small>(via [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|global message delivery]])</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Tgr@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=18258712 --> == Read-only mode for up to an hour on 12 September and 10 October == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch 2018|Read this message in another language]] • {{int:please-translate}} The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will be testing its secondary data centre. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. They will switch all traffic to the secondary data center on '''Wednesday, 12 September 2018'''. On '''Wednesday, 10 October 2018''', they will switch back to the primary data center. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop when we switch. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on Wednesday, 12 September and Wednesday, 10 October. The test will start at [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20170503T14 14:00 UTC] (15:00 BST, 16:00 CEST, 10:00 EDT, 07:00 PDT, 23:00 JST, and in New Zealand at 02:00 NZST on Thursday 13 September and Thursday 11 October). *If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. *There will be code freezes for the weeks of 10 September 2018 and 8 October 2018. Non-essential code deployments will not happen. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch Datacenter#Schedule for 2018 switch|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. There will be more notifications about this. '''Please share this information with your community.''' /<span dir=ltr>[[m:User:Johan (WMF)|User:Johan(WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Johan (WMF)|talk]])</span> </div></div> 13:33, 6 Ọnwaìtoolu 2018 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=18333489 --> == The Community Wishlist Survey == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> The Community Wishlist Survey. {{Int:Please-translate}}. Hey everyone, The Community Wishlist Survey is the process when the Wikimedia communities decide what the Wikimedia Foundation [[m:Community Tech|Community Tech]] should work on over the next year. The Community Tech team is focused on tools for experienced Wikimedia editors. You can post technical proposals from now until 11 November. The communities will vote on the proposals between 16 November and 30 November. You can read more on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2019|wishlist survey page]]. <span dir=ltr>/[[m:User:Johan (WMF)|User:Johan (WMF)]]</span></div></div> 11:06, 30 Ọnwaìri 2018 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=18458512 --> == Change coming to how certain templates will appear on the mobile web == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> '''Change coming to how certain templates will appear on the mobile web''' {{int:please-translate}} [[File:Page_issues_-_mobile_banner_example.jpg|thumb|Example of improvements]] Hello, In a few weeks the Readers web team will be changing how some templates look on the mobile web site. We will make these templates more noticeable when viewing the article. We ask for your help in updating any templates that don't look correct. What kind of templates? Specifically templates that notify readers and contributors about issues with the content of an article – the text and information in the article. Examples like [[wikidata:Q5962027|Template:Unreferenced]] or [[Wikidata:Q5619503|Template:More citations needed]]. Right now these notifications are hidden behind a link under the title of an article. We will format templates like these (mostly those that use Template:Ambox or message box templates in general) to show a short summary under the page title. You can tap on the "Learn more" link to get more information. For template editors we have [[mw:Recommendations_for_mobile_friendly_articles_on_Wikimedia_wikis#Making_page_issues_(ambox_templates)_mobile_friendly|some recommendations on how to make templates that are mobile-friendly]] and also further [[mw:Reading/Web/Projects/Mobile_Page_Issues|documentation on our work so far]]. If you have questions about formatting templates for mobile, [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Projects/Mobile_Page_Issues|please leave a note on the project talk page]] or [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/maniphest/task/edit/form/1/?projects=Readers-Web-Backlog file a task in Phabricator] and we will help you. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} </div> [[m:User:CKoerner (WMF)|CKoerner (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:CKoerner (WMF)|talk]]) 19:34, 13 Ọnwaìrinàotù 2018 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:CKoerner (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=18543269 --> == Community Wishlist Survey vote == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> The Community Wishlist Survey. {{Int:Please-translate}}. Hey everyone, The Community Wishlist Survey is the process when the Wikimedia communities decide what the Wikimedia Foundation [[m:Community Tech|Community Tech]] should work on over the next year. The Community Tech team is focused on tools for experienced Wikimedia editors. The communities have now posted a long list of technical proposals. You can vote on the proposals from now until 30 November. You can read more on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2019|wishlist survey page]]. <span dir=ltr>/[[m:User:Johan (WMF)|User:Johan (WMF)]]</span></div></div> 18:13, 22 Ọnwaìrinàotù 2018 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=18543269 --> == Advanced Search == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/AdvancedSearch|Advanced Search]] will become a default feature on your wiki on November 28. This new interface allows you to perform specialized searches on the [[Special:Search|search page]], even if you don’t know any [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch|search syntax]]. Advanced Search originates from the [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes|German Community’s Technical Wishes project]]. It's already a default feature on German, Arabic, Farsi and Hungarian Wikipedia. Besides, more than 40.000 users across all wikis have tested the beta version. Feedback is welcome on the [[mw:Help talk:Extension:AdvancedSearch|central feedback page]].</div> [[m:User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]] ([[m:User talk:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|talk]]) 11:02, 26 Ọnwaìrinàotù 2018 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_2&oldid=18363910 --> == New Wikimedia password policy and requirements == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> {{int:please-translate}} The Wikimedia Foundation security team is implementing a new [[m:Password policy|password policy and requirements]]. [[mw:Wikimedia_Security_Team/Password_strengthening_2019|You can learn more about the project on MediaWiki.org]]. These new requirements will apply to new accounts and privileged accounts. New accounts will be required to create a password with a minimum length of 8 characters. Privileged accounts will be prompted to update their password to one that is at least 10 characters in length. These changes are planned to be in effect on December 13th. If you think your work or tools will be affected by this change, please let us know on [[mw:Talk:Wikimedia_Security_Team/Password_strengthening_2019|the talk page]]. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} </div> [[m:User:CKoerner (WMF)|CKoerner (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:CKoerner (WMF)|talk]]) 20:03, 6 Ọnwaìrinààbụọ 2018 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:CKoerner (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=18639017 --> == Invitation from Wiki Loves Love 2019 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{int:please-translate}} [[File:WLL Subtitled Logo (transparent).svg|right|frameless]] Love is an important subject for humanity and it is expressed in different cultures and regions in different ways across the world through different gestures, ceremonies, festivals and to document expression of this rich and beautiful emotion, we need your help so we can share and spread the depth of cultures that each region has, the best of how people of that region, celebrate love. [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Love|Wiki Loves Love (WLL)]] is an international photography competition of Wikimedia Commons with the subject love testimonials happening in the month of February. The primary goal of the competition is to document love testimonials through human cultural diversity such as monuments, ceremonies, snapshot of tender gesture, and miscellaneous objects used as symbol of love; to illustrate articles in the worldwide free encyclopedia Wikipedia, and other Wikimedia Foundation (WMF) projects. The theme of 2019 iteration is '''''Celebrations, Festivals, Ceremonies and rituals of love.''''' Sign up your affiliate or individually at [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Love 2019/Participants|Participants]] page. To know more about the contest, check out our [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Love 2019|Commons Page]] and [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Love 2018/FAQ|FAQs]] There are several prizes to grab. Hope to see you spreading love this February with Wiki Loves Love! Kind regards, [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Love 2018/International Team|Wiki Loves Love Team]] Imagine... the sum of all love! </div> --[[Ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 10:12, 27 Ọnwaìrinààbụọ 2018 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=18639017 --> == Machine translation support enabled today for Content Translation == {{int:Please-translate}} <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello, machine translation support for [[:mw:Content_translation|Content Translation]] (beta feature) has now been extended and enabled for users of this Wikipedia, with the inclusion of [[:en:Google_Translate|Google Translate]]. It can be used when translating Wikipedia articles with Content Translation. To start using this service, please choose ''Google Translate'' from the ''Automatic Translation'' dropdown menu that you see on the sidebar after you start translating an article. Please note, machine translation is available from all the languages that are supported by Google Translate, but Content Translation can still be used in the usual manner for translating from all languages, with or without machine translation support. While machine translation exists to aid creation of content conveniently, we would like to emphasise that before publishing, the final content should always be reviewed to avoid errors and ambiguity. We hope that your wiki community will find this new service useful, and that it will help you create more articles in your language. Wikimedia Foundation and Google have collaborated to work out [[:mw:Content_translation/Machine_Translation/GT#Summary_of_our_agreement_with_Google|an agreement]] that allows the use of Google Translate without compromising Wikipedia’s policy of attribution of rights, privacy of our users and brand representation. For more information, we request you to kindly take a look at the details about [[:mw:Content_translation/Machine_Translation|machine translation services in Content Translation]] and about [[:mw:Content_translation/Machine_Translation/GT|Google Translate translation services]]. You can also read the [https://wikimediafoundation.org/2019/01/09/you-can-now-use-google-translate-to-translate-articles-on-wikipedia main announcement on Wikimedia news]. Please note, translations made using Content Translation are also used to improve machine translation services. We have tested the service for use, but there could be unknown problems that we are not aware of yet. Please do let us know on our [[:mw:Talk:Content_translation|Project Talk page]] if you face any problems using Content Translation. This message is only in English and we will be very grateful if it could be translated into for other users of this Wikipedia. Thank you. -- On behalf of WMF Language team: [[m:User:Runab_WMF|Runa Bhattacharjee (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Runab_WMF|talk]]) 16:15, 9 Ọnwam̀bụ 2019 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Runab WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/CX/9_January_2019&oldid=18768811 --> == FileExporter beta feature == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Logo for FileExporter.svg|thumb|Coming soon: the beta feature [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Move_files_to_Commons|FileExporter]]]] A new beta feature will soon be released on all wikis: The [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Move_files_to_Commons|FileExporter]]. It allows exports of files from a local wiki to Wikimedia Commons, including their file history and page history. Which files can be exported is defined by each wiki's community: '''Please check your wiki's [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Move_files_to_Commons/Configuration file documentation|configuration file]]''' if you want to use this feature. The FileExporter has already been a beta feature on [https://www.mediawiki.org mediawiki.org], [https://meta.wikimedia.org meta.wikimedia], deWP, faWP, arWP, koWP and on [https://wikisource.org wikisource.org]. After some functionality was added, it's now becoming a beta feature on all wikis. Deployment is planned for January 16. More information can be found [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Move_files_to_Commons|on the project page]]. As always, feedback is highly appreciated. If you want to test the FileExporter, please activate it in your [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|user preferences]]. The best place for feedback is the [[mw:Help_talk:Extension:FileImporter|central talk page]]. Thank you from Wikimedia Deutschland's [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes project]]. </div> [[User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]] 09:41, 14 Ọnwam̀bụ 2019 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_all_village_pumps&oldid=18782700 --> == No editing for 30 minutes on 17 January == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">You will '''not be able to edit''' the wikis for up to 30 minutes on '''[https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190117T07 17 January 07:00 UTC]'''. This is because of a database problem that has to be fixed immediately. You can still read the wikis. Some wikis are not affected. They don't get this message. You can see which wikis are '''not''' affected [[:m:User:Johan (WMF)/201901ReadOnlyPage|on this page]]. Most wikis are affected. The time you can not edit might be shorter than 30 minutes. /[[User:Johan (WMF)|Johan (WMF)]]</div> [[Ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 18:44, 16 Ọnwam̀bụ 2019 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/201901ReadOnly/Targets3&oldid=18789231 --> == Talk to us about talking == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-rtl.svg|alt="icon depicting two speech Bubbles"|frameless|right|120px]] The Wikimedia Foundation is planning a [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019|global consultation about communication]]. The goal is to bring Wikimedians and wiki-minded people together to improve tools for communication. We want all contributors to be able to talk to each other on the wikis, whatever their experience, their skills or their devices. We are looking for input from as many different parts of the Wikimedia community as possible. It will come from multiple projects, in multiple languages, and with multiple perspectives. We are currently planning the consultation. We need your help. '''We need volunteers to help talk to their communities or user groups.''' You can help by hosting a discussion at your wiki. Here's what to do: # First, [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019/Participant group sign-up|sign up your group here.]] # Next, create a page (or a section on a Village pump, or an e-mail thread – whatever is natural for your group) to collect information from other people in your group. This is not a vote or decision-making discussion: we are just collecting feedback. # Then ask people what they think about communication processes. We want to hear stories and other information about how people communicate with each other on and off wiki. Please consider asking these five questions: ## When you want to discuss a topic with your community, what tools work for you, and what problems block you? ## What about talk pages works for newcomers, and what blocks them? ## What do others struggle with in your community about talk pages? ## What do you wish you could do on talk pages, but can't due to the technical limitations? ## What are the important aspects of a "wiki discussion"? # Finally, please go to [[mw:Talk:Talk pages consultation 2019|Talk pages consultation 2019 on Mediawiki.org]] and report what you learned from your group. Please include links if the discussion is available to the public. '''You can also help build the list of the many different ways people talk to each other.''' Not all groups active on wikis or around wikis use the same way to discuss things: it can happen on wiki, on social networks, through external tools... Tell us [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019/Tools in use|how your group communicates]]. You can read more about [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019|the overall process]] on mediawiki.org. If you have questions or ideas, you can [[mw:Talk:Talk pages consultation 2019|leave feedback about the consultation process]] in the language you prefer. Thank you! We're looking forward to talking with you. </div> [[user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] 15:01, 21 Ọnwaàbụọ 2019 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=18639017 --> == New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (March 2019) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello Wikimedians! [[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]] [[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for free, full-access, accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials on the [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/ Library Card platform]: * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/72/ Kinige]''' – Primarily Indian-language ebooks - 10 books per month * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/55/ Gale]''' – Times Digital Archive collection added (covering 1785-2013) * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/54/ JSTOR]''' – New applications now being taken again Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/ our partners page], including [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/47/ Baylor University Press], [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/10/ Taylor & Francis], [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/46/ Cairn], [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/32/ Annual Reviews] and [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/61/ Bloomsbury]. You can request new partnerships on our [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/suggest/ Suggestions page]. Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today! <br>--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 17:40, 13 Ọnwaàtọ 2019 (UTC) :''You can host and coordinate signups for a Wikipedia Library branch in your own language. Please contact [[m:User:Ocaasi_(WMF)|Ocaasi (WMF)]].''<br> :<small>This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Samwalton9@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&oldid=18873404 --> == Read-only mode for up to 30 minutes on 11 April == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">You will '''not be able to edit''' most Wikimedia wikis for up to 30 minutes on '''[https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190411T05 11 April 05:00 UTC]'''. This is because of a hardware problem. You can still read the wikis. You [[phab:T220080|can see which wikis are affected]]. The time you can not edit might be shorter than 30 minutes. /[[User:Johan (WMF)|Johan (WMF)]]</div></div></div> 10:56, 8 Ọnwaànọ 2019 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=18979889 --> == Wikimedia Foundation Medium-Term Plan feedback request == {{int:please-translate}} <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">The Wikimedia Foundation has published a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Medium-term_plan_2019|Medium-Term Plan proposal]] covering the next 3–5 years. We want your feedback! Please leave all comments and questions, in any language, on [[m:Talk:Wikimedia_Foundation_Medium-term_plan_2019|the talk page]], by April 20. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[m:User:Quiddity (WMF)|Quiddity (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Quiddity (WMF)|talk]]) 17:35, 12 Ọnwaànọ 2019 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=18998727 --> == Update on the consultation about office actions == Hello all, Last month, the Wikimedia Foundation's Trust & Safety team [[:en:Wikipedia:Village_pump_(policy)/Archive_152#Announcement_of_forthcoming_temporary_and_partial_ban_tool_consultation|announced]] a future consultation about partial and/or temporary [[m:Special:MyLanguage/office actions|office actions]]. We want to let you know that the '''draft version''' of this consultation has now been [[:m:Office_actions/Community_consultation_on_partial_and_temporary_office_actions/draft|posted on Meta]]. This is a '''draft'''. It is not intended to be the consultation itself, which will be posted on Meta likely in early September. Please do not treat this draft as a consultation. Instead, we ask your assistance in forming the final language for the consultation. For that end, we would like your input over the next couple of weeks about what questions the consultation should ask about partial and temporary Foundation office action bans and how it should be formatted. '''[[:m:Talk:Office_actions/Community_consultation_on_partial_and_temporary_office_actions/draft|Please post it on the draft talk page]]'''. Our goal is to provide space for the community to discuss all the aspects of these office actions that need to be discussed, and we want to ensure with your feedback that the consultation is presented in the best way to encourage frank and constructive conversation. Please visit [[:m:Office_actions/Community_consultation_on_partial_and_temporary_office_actions/draft|the consultation draft on Meta-wiki]] and leave your comments on the draft’s talk page about what the consultation should look like and what questions it should ask. Thank you for your input! -- The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety|Trust & Safety team]] 08:03, 16 Ọnwaàsatọ 2019 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=19175143 --> == New tools and IP masking == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hey everyone, The Wikimedia Foundation wants to work on two things that affect how we patrol changes and handle vandalism and harassment. We want to make the tools that are used to handle bad edits better. We also want to get better privacy for unregistered users so their IP addresses are no longer shown to everyone in the world. We would not hide IP addresses until we have better tools for patrolling. We have an idea of what tools ''could'' be working better and how a more limited access to IP addresses would change things, but we need to hear from more wikis. You can read more about the project [[m:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation|on Meta]] and [[m:Talk:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation|post comments and feedback]]. Now is when we need to hear from you to be able to give you better tools to handle vandalism, spam and harassment. You can post in your language if you can't write in English. [[User:Johan (WMF)|Johan (WMF)]]</div></div></div> 14:18, 21 Ọnwaàsatọ 2019 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tools_and_IP_message/Distribution&oldid=19315232 --> == The consultation on partial and temporary Foundation bans just started == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div class="plainlinks"> Hello, In a [[:en:Wikipedia:Community_response_to_the_Wikimedia_Foundation%27s_ban_of_Fram/Official_statements#Board_statement|recent statement]], the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees [[:en:Wikipedia:Community_response_to_the_Wikimedia_Foundation%27s_ban_of_Fram/Official_statements#Board_statement|requested that staff hold a consultation]] to "re-evaluat[e] or add community input to the two new office action policy tools (temporary and partial Foundation bans)". Accordingly, the Foundation's Trust & Safety team invites all Wikimedians [[:m:Office actions/Community consultation on partial and temporary office actions/09 2019|to join this consultation and give their feedback]] from 30 September to 30 October. How can you help? * Suggest how partial and temporary Foundation bans should be used, if they should (eg: On all projects, or only on a subset); * Give ideas about how partial and temporary Foundation bans should ideally implemented, if they should be; and/or * Propose changes to the existing Office Actions policy on partial and temporary bans. We offer our thanks in advance for your contributions, and we hope to get as much input as possible from community members during this consultation! </div> </div>-- [[user:Kbrown (WMF)|Kbrown (WMF)]] 17:14, 30 Ọnwaìtoolu 2019 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=19302497 --> == Feedback wanted on Desktop Improvements project == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> {{Int:Please-translate}} {{int:Hello}}. The Readers Web team at the WMF will work on some [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|improvements to the desktop interface]] over the next couple of years. The goal is to increase usability without removing any functionality. We have been inspired by changes made by volunteers, but that currently only exist as local gadgets and user scripts, prototypes, and volunteer-led skins. We would like to begin the process of bringing some of these changes into the default experience on all Wikimedia projects. We are currently in the research stage of this project and are looking for ideas for improvements, as well as feedback on our current ideas and mockups. So far, we have performed interviews with community members at Wikimania. We have gathered lists of previous volunteer and WMF work in this area. We are examining possible technical approaches for such changes. We would like individual feedback on the following: * Identifying focus areas for the project we have not yet discovered * Expanding the list of existing gadgets and user scripts that are related to providing a better desktop experience. If you can think of some of these from your wiki, please let us know * Feedback on the ideas and mockups we have collected so far We would also like to gather a list of wikis that would be interested in being test wikis for this project - these wikis would be the first to receive the updates once we’re ready to start building. When giving feedback, please consider the following goals of the project: * Make it easier for readers to focus on the content * Provide easier access to everyday actions (e.g. search, language switching, editing) * Put things in logical and useful places * Increase consistency in the interface with other platforms - mobile web and the apps * Eliminate clutter * Plan for future growth As well as the following constraints: * Not touching the content - no work will be done in terms of styling templates or to the structure of page contents themselves * Not removing any functionality - things might move around, but all navigational items and other functionality currently available by default will remain * No drastic changes to the layout - we're taking an evolutionary approach to the changes and want the site to continue feeling familiar to readers and editors Please give all feedback (in any language) at [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements]] After this round of feedback, we plan on building a prototype of suggested changes based on the feedback we receive. You’ll hear from us again asking for feedback on this prototype. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[mw:User:Quiddity (WMF)|Quiddity (WMF)]] ([[mw:User talk:Quiddity (WMF)|talk]]) </div> 07:18, 16 Ọnwaìri 2019 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Quiddity_(WMF)/Global_message_delivery_split_4&oldid=19462890 --> == Beta feature "Reference Previews" == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> A new beta feature will soon be deployed to your wiki: [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/ReferencePreviews|Reference Previews]]. As you might guess from the name, this feature gives you a preview of references in the article text. That means, you can look up a reference without jumping down to the bottom of the page. Reference Previews have already been a beta feature on German and Arabic Wikipedia since April. Now they will become available on more wikis. Deployment is planned for October 24. More information can be found [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/ReferencePreviews|on the project page]]. As always, feedback is highly appreciated. If you want to test Reference Previews, please activate the beta feature in your [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|user preferences]] and let us know what you think. The best place for feedback is the [[mw:Help talk:Reference Previews|central talk page]]. We hope the feature will serve you well in your work. Thank you from Wikimedia Deutschland's [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes project]]. </div> -- [[User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]] 09:47, 23 Ọnwaìri 2019 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_all_village_pumps&oldid=19478814 --> == Movement Learning and Leadership Development Project == Hello The Wikimedia Foundation’s Community Development team is seeking to learn more about the way volunteers learn and develop into the many different roles that exist in the movement. Our goal is to build a movement informed framework that provides shared clarity and outlines accessible pathways on how to grow and develop skills within the movement. To this end, we are looking to speak with you, our community to learn about your journey as a Wikimedia volunteer. Whether you joined yesterday or have been here from the very start, we want to hear about the many ways volunteers join and contribute to our movement. To learn more about the project, [[:m:special:MyLanguage/Movement Learning and Leadership Development Project|please visit the Meta page]]. If you are interested in participating in the project, please complete [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSegM07N1FK_s0VUECM61AlWOthwdn5zQOlVsa2vaKcx13BwZg/viewform?usp=sf_link this simple Google form]. Although we may not be able to speak to everyone who expresses interest, we encourage you to complete this short form if you are interested in participating! -- [[user:LMiranda (WMF)|LMiranda (WMF)]] ([[user talk:LMiranda (WMF)|talk]]) 19:01, 22 Ọnwam̀bụ 2020 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Trizek_(WMF)/sandbox/temp_MassMessage_list&oldid=19738989 --> == Additional interface for edit conflicts on talk pages == ''Sorry, for writing this text in English. If you could help to translate it, it would be appreciated.'' You might know the new interface for edit conflicts (currently a beta feature). Now, Wikimedia Germany is designing an additional interface to solve edit conflicts on talk pages. This interface is shown to you when you write on a discussion page and another person writes a discussion post in the same line and saves it before you do. With this additional editing conflict interface you can adjust the order of the comments and edit your comment. We are inviting everyone to have a look at [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Edit Conflicts#Edit conflicts on talk pages|the planned feature]]. Let us know what you think on our [[mw:Help talk:Two Column Edit Conflict View|central feedback page]]! -- For the Technical Wishes Team: [[m:User:Max Klemm (WMDE)|Max Klemm (WMDE)]] 14:15, 26 Ọnwaàbụọ 2020 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Max Klemm (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_all_village_pumps&oldid=19845780 --> ==Urgent Help== Please help us translate the text (in bold) to your language '''Join WPWP Campaign to improve Wikipedia articles with photos and win a prize'''. Thanks for your help. [[Ọbanife:T Cells|T Cells]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:T Cells|talk]]) 19:40, 7 Ọnwaìsiì 2020 (UTC) == Invitation to participate in the upcoming WPWP Campaign == Hello Wikipedians, This is to invite you to join the [[:m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos|WPWP Campaign]] to help improve Wikipedia articles with photos and win prizes. The campaign will run from 1st July 2020 to 31st August 2020. The campaign primarily aims at using images from Wikimedia Commons on Wikipedia articles that are lacking images. Participants will choose among Wikipedia pages without photo images, then add a suitable file from among the many thousands of photos in the Wikimedia Commons, especially those uploaded from thematic contests (Wiki Loves Africa, Wiki Loves Earth, Wiki Loves Folklore, etc.) over the years. Please visit the '''[[:m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos|campaign page]]''' to learn more about the WPWP Campaign. With kind regards, Thank you, Deborah Schwartz Jacobs, Communities Liaison, On behalf of the Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos Organizing Team - 21:32, 18 Ọnwaìsiì 2020 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Hasley@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia_Pages_Wanting_Photos/Distribution_list&oldid=20190228 --> == Annual contest Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos == [[File:WPWP logo 1.png|150px|right|Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos (WPWP)]] This is to invite you to join the Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos (WPWP) campaign to help improve Wikipedia articles with photos and win prizes. The campaign starts today 1st July 2020 and closes 31st August 2020. The campaign primarily aims at using images from Wikimedia Commons on Wikipedia articles that are lacking images. Participants will choose among Wikipedia pages without photo images, then add a suitable file from among the many thousands of photos in the Wikimedia Commons, especially those uploaded from thematic contests (Wiki Loves Africa, Wiki Loves Earth, Wiki Loves Folklore, etc.) over the years. Please visit the '''[[m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos|campaign page]]''' to learn more about the WPWP Campaign. With kind regards, Thank you, Deborah Schwartz Jacobs, Communities Liaison, On behalf of the Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos Organizing Team - 08:24, 1 Ọnwaàsaà 2020 (UTC) ''feel free to translate this message to your local language when this helps your community'' <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Romaine/MassMessage&oldid=20232618 --> == Feedback on movement names == {{int:Hello}}. Apologies if you are not reading this message in your native language. {{int:please-translate}} if necessary. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} There are a lot of conversations happening about the future of our movement names. We hope that you are part of these discussions and that your community is represented. Since 16 June, the Foundation Brand Team has been running a [https://wikimedia.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_9G2dN7P0T7gPqpD survey] in 7 languages about [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Communications/Wikimedia brands/2030 movement brand project/Naming convention proposals|3 naming options]]. There are also community members sharing concerns about renaming in a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community open letter on renaming|Community Open Letter]]. Our goal in this call for feedback is to hear from across the community, so we encourage you to participate in the survey, the open letter, or both. The survey will go through 7 July in all timezones. Input from the survey and discussions will be analyzed and published on Meta-Wiki. Thanks for thinking about the future of the movement, --[[:m:Talk:Communications/Wikimedia brands/2030 movement brand project|The Brand Project team]], 19:44, 2 Ọnwaàsaà 2020 (UTC) ''Note: The survey is conducted via a third-party service, which may subject it to additional terms. For more information on privacy and data-handling, see the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Naming Convention Proposals Movement Feedback Survey Privacy Statement|survey privacy statement]].'' <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Elitre_(WMF)/All_wikis_June_2020&oldid=20238836 --> == Announcing a new wiki project! Welcome, Abstract Wikipedia == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> Hi all, It is my honor to introduce Abstract Wikipedia, a new project that has been unanimously approved by the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees. Abstract Wikipedia proposes a new way to generate baseline encyclopedic content in a multilingual fashion, allowing more contributors and more readers to share more knowledge in more languages. It is an approach that aims to make cross-lingual cooperation easier on our projects, increase the sustainability of our movement through expanding access to participation, improve the user experience for readers of all languages, and innovate in free knowledge by connecting some of the strengths of our movement to create something new. This is our first new project in over seven years. Abstract Wikipedia was submitted as a project proposal by Denny Vrandečić in May 2020 <ref>[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia]]</ref> after years of preparation and research, leading to a detailed plan and lively discussions in the Wikimedia communities. We know that the energy and the creativity of the community often runs up against language barriers, and information that is available in one language may not make it to other language Wikipedias. Abstract Wikipedia intends to look and feel like a Wikipedia, but build on the powerful, language-independent conceptual models of Wikidata, with the goal of letting volunteers create and maintain Wikipedia articles across our polyglot Wikimedia world. The project will allow volunteers to assemble the fundamentals of an article using words and entities from Wikidata. Because Wikidata uses conceptual models that are meant to be universal across languages, it should be possible to use and extend these building blocks of knowledge to create models for articles that also have universal value. Using code, volunteers will be able to translate these abstract “articles” into their own languages. If successful, this could eventually allow everyone to read about any topic in Wikidata in their own language. As you can imagine, this work will require a lot of software development, and a lot of cooperation among Wikimedians. In order to make this effort possible, Denny will join the Foundation as a staff member in July and lead this initiative. You may know Denny as the creator of Wikidata, a long-time community member, a former staff member at Wikimedia Deutschland, and a former Trustee at the Wikimedia Foundation <ref>[[m:User:Denny|User:Denny]]</ref>. We are very excited that Denny will bring his skills and expertise to work on this project alongside the Foundation’s product, technology, and community liaison teams. It is important to acknowledge that this is an experimental project, and that every Wikipedia community has different needs. This project may offer some communities great advantages. Other communities may engage less. Every language Wikipedia community will be free to choose and moderate whether or how they would use content from this project. We are excited that this new wiki-project has the possibility to advance knowledge equity through increased access to knowledge. It also invites us to consider and engage with critical questions about how and by whom knowledge is constructed. We look forward to working in cooperation with the communities to think through these important questions. There is much to do as we begin designing a plan for Abstract Wikipedia in close collaboration with our communities. I encourage you to get involved by going to the project page and joining the new mailing list <ref>[[mail:abstract-wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia mailing list]]</ref>. We recognize that Abstract Wikipedia is ambitious, but we also recognize its potential. We invite you all to join us on a new, unexplored path. Yours, Katherine Maher (Executive Director, Wikimedia Foundation) <references/> </div> <small>Sent by [[:m:User:Elitre (WMF)]] 20:06, 9 Ọnwaàsaà 2020 (UTC) - '''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/July 2020 announcement]]''' </small> <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Elitre_(WMF)/All_wikis_June_2020&oldid=20265889 --> == Technical Wishes: FileExporter and FileImporter become default features on all Wikis == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> The [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Move_files_to_Commons|FileExporter and FileImporter]] will become a default features on all wikis until August 7, 2020. They are planned to help you to move files from your local wiki to Wikimedia Commons easier while keeping all original file information (Description, Source, Date, Author, View History) intact. Additionally, the move is documented in the files view history. How does it work? Step 1: If you are an auto-confirmed user, you will see a link "Move file to Wikimedia Commons" on the local file page. Step 2: When you click on this link, the FileImporter checks if the file can in fact be moved to Wikimedia Commons. These checks are performed based on the wiki's [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Move_files_to_Commons/Configuration_file_documentation|configuration file]] which is created and maintained by each local wiki community. Step 3: If the file is compatible with Wikimedia Commons, you will be taken to an import page, at which you can update or add information regarding the file, such as the description. You can also add the 'Now Commons' template to the file on the local wiki by clicking the corresponding check box in the import form. Admins can delete the file from the local wiki by enabling the corresponding checkbox. By clicking on the 'Import' button at the end of the page, the file is imported to Wikimedia Commons. If you want to know more about the [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Move_files_to_Commons|FileImporter extension]] or the [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes|Technical Wishes Project]], follow the links. --For the Technical Wishes Team: </div>[[User:Max Klemm (WMDE)|Max Klemm (WMDE)]] 09:13, 6 Ọnwaàsatọ 2020 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Max Klemm (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_all_village_pumps&oldid=20343133 --> == Important: maintenance operation on September 1st == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch 2020|Read this message in another language]] • [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch 2020|{{int:please-translate}}]] The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will be testing its secondary data centre. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. They will switch all traffic to the secondary data centre on '''Tuesday, September 1st 2020'''. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on Tuesday, September 1st. The test will start at [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20200901T14 14:00 UTC] (15:00 BST, 16:00 CEST, 10:00 EDT, 19:30 IST, 07:00 PDT, 23:00 JST, and in New Zealand at 02:00 NZST on Wednesday September 2). *If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. *There will be code freezes for the week of September 1st, 2020. Non-essential code deployments will not happen. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch Datacenter#Schedule for 2018 switch|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. There will be more notifications about this. '''Please share this information with your community.''' </div></div> <span dir=ltr>[[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Trizek (WMF)|talk]])</span> 13:48, 26 Ọnwaàsatọ 2020 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=20384955 --> == New Wikipedia Library Collections Now Available (September 2020) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello Wikimedians! [[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL owl says sign up today!]] [[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing new free, full-access, accounts to reliable sources as part of our [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/ research access program]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials on the [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/ Library Card platform]: * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/101/ Al Manhal]''' – Arabic journals and ebooks * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/102/ Ancestry.com]''' – Genealogical and historical records * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/100/ RILM]''' – Music encyclopedias Many other partnerships are listed on [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/ our partners page], including [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/49/ Adam Matthew], [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/57/ EBSCO], [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/55/ Gale] and [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/54/ JSTOR]. A significant portion of our collection now no longer requires individual applications to access! Read more in our [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2020/06/24/simplifying-your-research-needs-the-wikipedia-library-launches-new-technical-improvements-and-partnerships/ recent blog post]. Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects! <br>--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 09:49, 3 Ọnwaìtoolu 2020 (UTC) :<small>This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Samwalton9@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&oldid=20418180 --> == Invitation to participate in the conversation == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> ''{{int:Hello}}. Apologies for cross-posting, and that you may not be reading this message in your native language: translations of the following announcement may be available on '''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Draft review/Invitation (long version)|Meta]]'''. {{int:please-translate}}. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}'' We are excited to share '''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Draft review|a draft of the Universal Code of Conduct]]''', which the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees called for earlier this year, for your review and feedback. The discussion will be open until October 6, 2020. The UCoC Drafting Committee wants to learn which parts of the draft would present challenges for you or your work. What is missing from this draft? What do you like, and what could be improved? Please join the conversation and share this invitation with others who may be interested to join, too. To reduce language barriers during the process, you are welcomed to translate this message and the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Draft review|Universal Code of Conduct/Draft review]]. You and your community may choose to provide your opinions/feedback using your local languages. To learn more about the UCoC project, see the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] page, and the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/FAQ|FAQ]], on Meta. Thanks in advance for your attention and contributions, [[:m:Talk:Trust_and_Safety|The Trust and Safety team at Wikimedia Foundation]], 17:55, 10 Ọnwaìtoolu 2020 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Draft_review/Invitation_(long_version)/List&oldid=20440292 --> == Wiki of functions naming contest == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> {{int:Please-translate}}. {{int:Hello}}. Please help pick a name for the new Wikimedia wiki project. This project will be a wiki where the community can work together on a library of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract_Wikipedia/Wiki_of_functions_naming_contest#function|functions]]. The community can create new functions, read about them, discuss them, and share them. Some of these functions will be used to help create language-independent Wikipedia articles that can be displayed in any language, as part of the Abstract Wikipedia project. But functions will also be usable in many other situations. There will be two rounds of voting, each followed by legal review of candidates, with voting beginning on 29 September and 27 October. Our goal is to have a final project name selected on 8 December. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Wiki of functions naming contest|please learn more and vote now]]''' at meta-wiki. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} --[[m:User:Quiddity (WMF)|Quiddity (WMF)]]</div> 21:20, 29 Ọnwaìtoolu 2020 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Quiddity_(WMF)/Global_message_delivery_split_4&oldid=20492310 --> == Call for feedback about Wikimedia Foundation Bylaws changes and Board candidate rubric == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{int:Hello}}. Apologies if you are not reading this message in your native language. {{Int:Please-translate}}. Today the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees starts two calls for feedback. One is about changes to the Bylaws mainly to increase the Board size from 10 to 16 members. The other one is about a trustee candidate rubric to introduce new, more effective ways to evaluate new Board candidates. The Board welcomes your comments through 26 October. For more details, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard/October 2020 - Call for feedback about Bylaws changes and Board candidate rubric|check the full announcement]]. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[m:User:Qgil-WMF|Qgil-WMF]] ([[m:User talk:Qgil-WMF|talk]]) 17:17, 7 Ọnwaìri 2020 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Elitre_(WMF)/Board&oldid=20519859 --> == Important: maintenance operation on October 27 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch 2020|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch+2020&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] tests the switch between its first and secondary data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. They will switch all traffic back to the primary data center on '''Tuesday, October 27 2020'''. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on Tuesday, October 27. The test will start at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1603807200 14:00 UTC] (14:00 WET, 15:00 CET, 10:00 EDT, 19:30 IST, 07:00 PDT, 23:00 JST, and in New Zealand at 03:00 NZDT on Wednesday October 28). *If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. *There will be code freezes for the week of October 26, 2020. Non-essential code deployments will not happen. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter#Schedule_for_2020_switch|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. There will be more notifications about this. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. '''Please share this information with your community.'''</div></div> -- <span dir=ltr>[[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Trizek (WMF)|talk]])</span> 17:10, 21 Ọnwaìri 2020 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=20519839 --> == Wiki of functions naming contest - Round 2 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> {{int:Hello}}. Reminder: Please help to choose the name for the new Wikimedia wiki project - the library of functions. The finalist vote starts today. The finalists for the name are: <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Wikicode, Wikicodex, Wikifunctions, Wikifusion, Wikilambda, Wikimedia Functions</span>. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Wiki of functions naming contest/Names|please learn more and vote now]]''' at Meta-wiki. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} --[[m:User:Quiddity (WMF)|Quiddity (WMF)]] </div> 22:10, 5 Ọnwaìrinàotù 2020 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=20564572 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Invitation|Community Wishlist Survey 2021]] == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Magic Wand Icon 229981 Color Flipped.svg|thumb|48px]] The '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021|2021 Community Wishlist Survey]]''' is now open! This survey is the process where communities decide what the [[m:Community Tech|Community Tech]] team should work on over the next year. We encourage everyone to submit proposals until the deadline on '''{{#time:j xg|2020-11-30|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}}''', or comment on other proposals to help make them better. The communities will vote on the proposals between {{#time:j xg|2020-12-08|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}} and {{#time:j xg|2020-12-21|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}}. The Community Tech team is focused on tools for experienced Wikimedia editors. You can write proposals in any language, and we will translate them for you. Thank you, and we look forward to seeing your proposals! </div> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">[[m:user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]]</span> 18:09, 20 Ọnwaìrinàotù 2020 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:SGrabarczuk_(WMF)/sandbox/1&oldid=20689939 --> == Wikidata descriptions changes to be included more often in Recent Changes and Watchlist == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> ''Sorry for sending this message in English. Translations are available on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Announcements/Announcement Wikidata descriptions in watchlist|this page]]. Feel free to translate it in more languages!'' As you may know, you can include changes coming from Wikidata in your Watchlist and Recent Changes ([[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-watchlist|in your preferences]]). Until now, this feature didn’t always include changes made on Wikidata descriptions due to the way Wikidata tracks the data used in a given article. Starting on December 3rd, the Watchlist and Recent Changes will include changes on the descriptions of Wikidata Items that are used in the pages that you watch. This will only include descriptions in the language of your wiki to make sure that you’re only seeing changes that are relevant to your wiki. This improvement was requested by many users from different projects. We hope that it can help you monitor the changes on Wikidata descriptions that affect your wiki and participate in the effort of improving the data quality on Wikidata for all Wikimedia wikis and beyond. Note: if you didn’t use the Wikidata watchlist integration feature for a long time, feel free to give it another chance! The feature has been improved since the beginning and the content it displays is more precise and useful than at the beginning of the feature in 2015. If you encounter any issue or want to provide feedback, feel free to use [[Phab:T191831|this Phabricator ticket]]. Thanks! [[:d:User:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)|Lea Lacroix (WMDE)]] 14:39, 30 Ọnwaìrinàotù 2020 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Lea_Lacroix_(WMDE)/wikis&oldid=20728482 --> == 2020 Coolest Tool Award Ceremony on December 11th == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> Hello all, The ceremony of the 2020 [[m:Coolest_Tool_Award|Wikimedia Coolest Tool Award]] will take place virtually on Friday, December 11th, at 17:00 GMT. This award is highlighting tools that have been nominated by contributors to the Wikimedia projects, and the ceremony will be a nice moment to show appreciation to the tools developers and maybe discover new tools! You will find more information [[m:Coolest_Tool_Award|here]] about the livestream and the discussions channels. Thanks for your attention, [[:d:User:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)|Lea Lacroix (WMDE)]] 10:55, 7 Ọnwaìrinààbụọ 2020 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=20734978 --> == Community Wishlist Survey 2021 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Magic Wand Icon 229981 Color Flipped.svg|thumb|48px]] '''We invite all registered users to vote on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021|2021 Community Wishlist Survey]]. You can vote from now until {{#time:j xg|2020-12-21|en}} for as many different wishes as you want.''' In the Survey, wishes for new and improved tools for experienced editors are collected. After the voting, we will do our best to grant your wishes. We will start with the most popular ones. We, the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Tech|Community Tech]], are one of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]] teams. We create and improve editing and wiki moderation tools. What we work on is decided based on results of the Community Wishlist Survey. Once a year, you can submit wishes. After two weeks, you can vote on the ones that you're most interested in. Next, we choose wishes from the survey to work on. Some of the wishes may be granted by volunteer developers or other teams. '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Tracking|You can view and vote all proposals here.]]''' We are waiting for your votes. Thank you! </div> [[user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] 00:52, 15 Ọnwaìrinààbụọ 2020 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:SGrabarczuk_(WMF)/sandbox/1&oldid=20689939 --> == Moving Wikimania 2021 to a Virtual Event == <div class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikimania_logo_with_text_2.svg|right|alt=Wikimania's logo.|75px]] ''{{int:Hello}}. Apologies if you are not reading this message in your native language. {{Int:Please-translate}}. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}'' [[:m:Wikimania 2021|Wikimania will be a virtual event this year]], and hosted by a wide group of community members. Whenever the next in-person large gathering is possible again, [[:m:ESEAP Hub|the ESEAP Core Organizing Team]] will be in charge of it. Stay tuned for more information about how ''you'' can get involved in the planning process and other aspects of the event. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikimedia-l/2021-January/096141.html Please read the longer version of this announcement on wikimedia-l]. ''ESEAP Core Organizing Team, Wikimania Steering Committee, Wikimedia Foundation Events Team'', 15:15, 27 Ọnwam̀bụ 2021 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Elitre_(WMF)/Wikimania21&oldid=21014617 --> == Project Grant Open Call == This is the announcement for the [[m:Grants:Project|Project Grants program]] open call that started on January 11, with the submission deadline of February 10, 2021.<br> This first open call will be focussed on Community Organizing proposals. A second open call focused on research and software proposals is scheduled from February 15 with a submission deadline of March 16, 2021.<br> For the Round 1 open call, we invite you to propose grant applications that fall under community development and organizing (offline and online) categories. Project Grant funds are available to support individuals, groups, and organizations to implement new experiments and proven ideas, from organizing a better process on your wiki, coordinating a campaign or editathon series to providing other support for community building. We offer the following resources to help you plan your project and complete a grant proposal:<br> * Weekly proposals clinics via Zoom during the Open Call. Join us for [[m:Grants:Project|#Upcoming_Proposal_Clinics|real-time discussions]] with Program Officers and select thematic experts and get live feedback about your Project Grants proposal. We’ll answer questions and help you make your proposal better. We also offer these support pages to help you build your proposal: * [[m:Grants:Project/Tutorial|Video tutorials]] for writing a strong application<br> * General [[m:Grants:Project/Plan|planning page]] for Project Grants <br> * [[m:Grants:Project/Learn|Program guidelines and criteria]]<br> Program officers are also available to offer individualized proposal support upon request. Contact us if you would like feedback or more information.<br> We are excited to see your grant ideas that will support our community and make an impact on the future of Wikimedia projects. Put your idea into motion, and [[m:Grants:Project/Apply|submit your proposal]] by February 10, 2021!<br> Please feel free to get in touch with questions about getting started with your grant application, or about serving on the Project Grants Committee. Contact us at projectgrants{{at}}wikimedia.org. Please help us translate this message to your local language. [[Ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 08:01, 28 Ọnwam̀bụ 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RSharma (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=20808431 --> == New Wikipedia Library Collections Available Now (February 2021) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello Wikimedians! [[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL owl says sign up today!]] [[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing new free, full-access, accounts to reliable sources as part of our [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/ research access program]. You can sign up to access research materials on the [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/ Library Card platform]: * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/103/ Taxmann]''' – Taxation and law database * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/104/ PNAS]''' – Official journal of the National Academy of Sciences * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/57/ EBSCO]''' – New Arabic and Spanish language databases added We have a wide array of [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/ other collections available], and a significant number now no longer require individual applications to access! Read more in our [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2020/06/24/simplifying-your-research-needs-the-wikipedia-library-launches-new-technical-improvements-and-partnerships/ blog post]. Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects! :<small>This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].</small> --12:57, 1 Ọnwaàbụọ 2021 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Samwalton9@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&oldid=21022367 --> == Feminism & Folklore 1 February - 31 March == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{int:please-translate}} Greetings! You are invited to participate in '''[[m:Feminism and Folklore 2021|Feminism and Folklore]] writing contest'''. This year Feminism and Folklore will focus on feminism, women's biographies and gender-focused topics for the project in league with Wiki Loves Folklore gender gap focus with folk culture theme on Wikipedia. folk activities, folk games, folk cuisine, folk wear, fairy tales, folk plays, folk arts, folk religion, mythology, etc. You can help us in enriching the folklore documentation on Wikipedia from your region by creating or improving articles centered on folklore around the world, including, but not limited to folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, women and queer personalities in folklore, folk culture (folk artists, folk dancers, folk singers, folk musicians, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch-hunting, fairy tales and more. You can contribute to new articles or translate from the list of [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2021/List of Articles|suggested articles here]]. You can also support us in translating the [[m:Feminism and Folklore 2021|project page]] and help us spread the word in your native language. Learn more about the contest and prizes from our [[m:Feminism and Folklore 2021|project page]]. Thank you. Feminism and Folklore team, [[m:User:Joy Agyepong|Joy Agyepong]] ([[m:User talk:Joy Agyepong|talk]]) 02:40, 16 Ọnwaàbụọ 2021 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=20421065 --> == Wikifunctions logo contest == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> {{Int:Hello}}. Please help to choose a design concept for the logo of the new Wikifunctions wiki. Voting starts today and will be open for 2 weeks. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Wikifunctions logo concept/Vote|please learn more and vote now]]''' at Meta-Wiki. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} --[[m:User:Quiddity (WMF)|Quiddity (WMF)]]</div> 01:47, 2 Ọnwaàtọ 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=21087740 --> == Universal Code of Conduct agwa nke abụọ == [[:wmf:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|'''Universal code of Conduct (UCoC)''']] nke a na-ewepụta akparamagwa ozuru ụwa ọnụ nke onye otu Wikimedia ọbụla ga na-akpa n'ọrụ Wikimedia niile. Ọrụ a nọ n'agba nke abụọ,ebe usoro mgbaso akparamagwa doro anya di. Ị nwere ike ịgụ maka ihe niile gbasara ọrụ a na [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|''''project page'''']] ===Otu kọmiti na-edepụta ihe: Akpọmoku itinye akwụkwọ ịchọ ọrụ/ihe=== Otu Wikimedia na-ewe ndị mmadụ n'ọrụ isonye n'otu Kọmiti ga -ahụ maka mmejupụta ezi akparamagwa ndị a. Ndị chọrọ iso n'otu a ga-etinye bido n'awa abụọ ruo awa isii n'ọrụ kwa izuka ọbụla bido n'ọnwa Eprel ruo Julai nakwa Ọnwa Ọctoba rue ọnwa Novemba. Ọdị mkpa na kọmiti a ga-anabata onye ọbụla bụ ndị nwere mmụta n'ọrụ dị iche iche, ma ndị chigoro ọzọ n'ọrụ Wikimedia nakwa ndị batara ọhụụ,ma ndị natara maọbụ kwenye,nakwa ndị eboro ebubo ụgha maka mkparị. Itinye akwụkwọ na ịmụ usoro, Hụ [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Drafting committee|Universal Code of Conduct/Drafting Committee]]. === ịtụ alọ ndị kọmiti n'afọ 2021: Ọkwa na akpọmoku for ndi ga-arụ ọrụ n'efu/ndị ntụgharị=== Bido n'ọnwa Eprel dị na mkpụrụ ụbọchị ise wee ruo ọnwa Mee dị na mkpụrụ ụbọchị ise, A ga-enwe mkparịtaụka di iche iche banyere ọrụ Wikimedia dị iche iche etu aga-esi mee ka ọnye ọbụla dewe iwu a. Anyị na-achọ ndị ga-enyere aka tụgharia isiokwu, ebunuche nakwa inye aka iguzobe mkparita uka ndị n'asụsụ ha site na iji atụmatụ [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/2021 consultations/Discussion|key questions]]. Ọ bụrụ n'ị chọrọ isonye rụọ ọrụ n'efu biko [[:m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/2021 consultations|contact us]] were asụsụ madsịrị gị mee nke a Iji mụtakwuo mak ọrụ a nakwa mkparitaụka na-aga n'ihu, hụ [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/2021 consultations|Universal Code Of Conduct/2021 consultation]]. -- [[User:SOyeyele (WMF)|SOyeyele (WMF)]] ([[User talk:SOyeyele (WMF)| okwu]]) 20:42, 5 Ọnwaànọ 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:SOyeyele (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:SOyeyele_(WMF)/Announcements/Igbo&oldid=21301110 --> == Line numbering coming soon to all wikis == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Technical_Wishes_–_Line_numbering_-_2010_wikitext_editor.png|thumb|Example]] From April 15, you can enable line numbering in some wikitext editors - for now in the template namespace, coming to more namespaces soon. This will make it easier to detect line breaks and to refer to a particular line in discussions. These numbers will be shown if you enable the syntax highlighting feature ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror extension]]), which is supported in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:WikiEditor|2010]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2017 wikitext editor|2017]] wikitext editors. More information can be found on [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Line Numbering|this project page]]. Everyone is invited to test the feature, and to give feedback [[m:talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Line Numbering|on this talk page]]. </div> -- [[m:User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]] 15:08, 12 Ọnwaànọ 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_all_village_pumps&oldid=21329014 --> == Suggested Values == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> From April 29, it will be possible to suggest values for parameters in templates. Suggested values can be added to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData|TemplateData]] and will then be shown as a drop-down list in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User guide|VisualEditor]]. This allows template users to quickly select an appropriate value. This way, it prevents potential errors and reduces the effort needed to fill the template with values. It will still be possible to fill in values other than the suggested ones. More information, including the supported parameter types and how to create suggested values: [[mw:Help:TemplateData#suggestedvalues|[1]]] [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Suggested_values_for_template_parameters|[2]]]. Everyone is invited to test the feature, and to give feedback [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Suggested values for template parameters|on this talk page]]. </div> [[m:User:Timur Vorkul (WMDE)|Timur Vorkul (WMDE)]] 14:08, 22 Ọnwaànọ 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Timur Vorkul (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_all_village_pumps&oldid=21361904 --> == Invitation for Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2021 == Hello there, We are inviting you to participate in '''[[:m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2021|Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2021]]''', a global contest scheduled to run from July through August 2021. Participants will choose among Wikipedia pages without photo images, then add a suitable file from among the many thousands of photos in the Wikimedia Commons, especially those uploaded from thematic contests (Wiki Loves Africa, Wiki Loves Earth, Wiki Loves Folklore, etc.) over the years. In its first year (2020), 36 Wikimedia communities in 27 countries joined the campaign. Events relating to the campaign included training organized by at least 18 Wikimedia communities in 14 countries. The campaign resulted in the addition of media files (photos, audios and videos) to more than 90,000 Wikipedia articles in 272 languages. Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos (WPWP) offers an ideal task for recruiting and guiding new editors through the steps of adding content to existing pages. Besides individual participation, the WPWP campaign can be used by user groups and chapters to organize editing workshops and edit-a-thons. The organizing team is looking for a contact person to coordinate WPWP participation at the Wikimedia user group or chapter level (geographically or thematically) or for a language WP. We’d be glad for you to reply to this message, or sign up directly at [[:m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2021/Participating Communities#Wikimedia affiliate communities|WPWP Participating Communities]]. Please feel free to contact [[:m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2021/Organizing Team|Organizing Team]] if you have any query. Kind regards,<br/> [[User:Tulsi Bhagat|Tulsi Bhagat]]<br/> Communication Manager<br/> Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos Campaign<br/> <small>Message delivered by [[Ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 06:24, 2 Ọnwaìse 2021 (UTC)</small> <!-- Message sent by User:Tulsi Bhagat@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia_Pages_Wanting_Photos/Distribution_list&oldid=21414265 --> == Universal Code of Conduct News – Issue 1 == <div style = "line-height: 1.2"> <span style="font-size:200%;">'''Universal Code of Conduct News'''</span><br> <span style="font-size:120%; color:#404040;">'''Issue 1, June 2021'''</span><span style="font-size:120%; float:right;">[[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/1|Read the full newsletter]]</span> ---- Welcome to the first issue of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct News]]! This newsletter will help Wikimedians stay involved with the development of the new code, and will distribute relevant news, research, and upcoming events related to the UCoC. Please note, this is the first issue of UCoC Newsletter which is delivered to all subscribers and projects as an announcement of the initiative. If you want the future issues delivered to your talk page, village pumps, or any specific pages you find appropriate, you need to [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/UCoC Newsletter Subscription|subscribe here]]. You can help us by translating the newsletter issues in your languages to spread the news and create awareness of the new conduct to keep our beloved community safe for all of us. Please [[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/Participate|add your name here]] if you want to be informed of the draft issue to translate beforehand. Your participation is valued and appreciated. </div><div style="margin-top:3px; padding:10px 10px 10px 20px; background:#fffff; border:2px solid #808080; border-radius:4px; font-size:100%;"> * '''Affiliate consultations''' – Wikimedia affiliates of all sizes and types were invited to participate in the UCoC affiliate consultation throughout March and April 2021. ([[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/1#sec1|continue reading]]) * '''2021 key consultations''' – The Wikimedia Foundation held enforcement key questions consultations in April and May 2021 to request input about UCoC enforcement from the broader Wikimedia community. ([[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/1#sec2|continue reading]]) * '''Roundtable discussions''' – The UCoC facilitation team hosted two 90-minute-long public roundtable discussions in May 2021 to discuss UCoC key enforcement questions. More conversations are scheduled. ([[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/1#sec3|continue reading]]) * '''Phase 2 drafting committee''' – The drafting committee for the phase 2 of the UCoC started their work on 12 May 2021. Read more about their work. ([[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/1#sec4|continue reading]]) * '''Diff blogs''' – The UCoC facilitators wrote several blog posts based on interesting findings and insights from each community during local project consultation that took place in the 1st quarter of 2021. ([[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/1#sec5|continue reading]])</div> --[[Ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 23:05, 11 Ọnwaìsiì 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:SOyeyele (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:SOyeyele_(WMF)/Announcements/Other_languages&oldid=21578291 --> == Server switch == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch 2020|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch+2020&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] tests the switch between its first and secondary data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. <!-- They will switch all traffic back to the primary data center on '''Tuesday, October 27 2020'''. --> Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on Tuesday, 29 June 2021. The test will start at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1624975200 14:00 UTC] (07:00 PDT, 10:00 EDT, 15:00 WEST/BST, 16:00 CEST, 19:30 IST, 23:00 JST, and in New Zealand at 02:00 NZST on Wednesday 30 June). *If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. *There will be code freezes for the week of June 28. Non-essential code deployments will not happen. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter#Schedule_for_2021_switch|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. There will be more notifications about this. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. '''Please share this information with your community.'''</div></div> [[user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] 01:19, 27 Ọnwaìsiì 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=21463754 --> == Universal Code of Conduct News – Issue 2 == <section begin="ucoc-newsletter"/> <div style = "line-height: 1.2"> <span style="font-size:200%;">'''Universal Code of Conduct News'''</span><br> <span style="font-size:120%; color:#404040;">'''Issue 2, July 2021'''</span><span style="font-size:120%; float:right;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/2|'''Read the full newsletter''']]</span> ---- Welcome to the second issue of [[m:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] News! This newsletter will help Wikimedians stay involved with the development of the new code and will distribute relevant news, research, and upcoming events related to the UCoC. If you haven’t already, please remember to subscribe [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/UCoC Newsletter Subscription|here]] if you would like to be notified about future editions of the newsletter, and also leave your username [[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/Participate|here]] if you’d like to be contacted to help with translations in the future. </div><div style="margin-top:3px; padding:10px 10px 10px 20px; background:#fffff; border:2px solid #808080; border-radius:4px; font-size:100%;"> *'''Enforcement Draft Guidelines Review''' - Initial meetings of the drafting committee have helped to connect and align key topics on enforcement, while highlighting prior research around existing processes and gaps within our movement. ([[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/2#Enforcement Draft Guidelines Review|continue reading]]) *'''Targets of Harassment Research''' - To support the drafting committee, the Wikimedia Foundation has conducted a research project focused on experiences of harassment on Wikimedia projects. ([[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/2#Targets of Harassment Research|continue reading]]) *'''Functionaries’ Consultation''' - Since June, Functionaries from across the various wikis have been meeting to discuss what the future will look like in a global context with the UCoC. ([[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/2#Functionaries’ Consultation|continue reading]]) *'''Roundtable Discussions''' - The UCoC facilitation team once again, hosted another roundtable discussion, this time for Korean-speaking community members and participants of other ESEAP projects to discuss the enforcement of the UCoC. ([[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/2#Roundtable Discussions|continue reading]]) *'''Early Adoption of UCoC by Communities''' - Since its ratification by the Board in February 2021, situations whereby UCoC is being adopted and applied within the Wikimedia community has grown. ([[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/2#Early Adoption of UCoC by Communities|continue reading]]) *'''New Timeline for the Interim Trust & Safety Case Review Committee''' - The CRC was originally expected to conclude by July 1. However, with the UCoC now expected to be in development until December, the timeline for the CRC has also changed. ([[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/2#New Timeline for the Interim Trust & Safety Case Review Committee|continue reading]]) *'''Wikimania''' - The UCoC team is planning to hold a moderated discussion featuring representatives across the movement during Wikimania 2021. It also plans to have a presence at the conference’s Community Village. ([[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/2#Wikimania Session|continue reading]]) *'''Diff blogs''' - Check out the most recent publications about the UCoC on Wikimedia Diff blog. ([[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/2#Diff Blogs|continue reading]])</div> --[[Ọbanife:SOyeyele (WMF)|SOyeyele (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:SOyeyele (WMF)|talk]]) 16:16, 14 Ọnwaàsaà 2021 (UTC) == New Wikipedia Library collections and design update (August 2021) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello Wikimedians! [[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL OWL says log in today!]] [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/users/my_library/ The Wikipedia Library] is pleased to announce the addition of new collections, alongside a new interface design. New collections include: * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/107/ Cabells]''' – Scholarly and predatory journal database * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/108/ Taaghche]''' - Persian language e-books * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/112/ Merkur]''', '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/111/ Musik & Ästhetik]''', and '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/110/ Psychologie, Psychotherapie, Psychoanalyse]''' - German language magazines and journals published by Klett-Cotta * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/117/ Art Archiv]''', '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/113/ Capital]''', '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/115/ Geo]''', '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/116/ Geo Epoche]''', and '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/114/ Stern]''' - German language newspapers and magazines published by Gruner + Jahr Additionally, '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/105/ De Gruyter]''' and '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/106/ Nomos]''' have been centralised from their previous on-wiki signup location on the German Wikipedia. Many other collections are freely available by simply logging in to [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/ The Wikipedia Library] with your Wikimedia login! We are also excited to announce that the first version of a new design for My Library was deployed this week. We will be iterating on this design with more features over the coming weeks. Read more on the [[:m:Library Card platform/Design improvements|project page on Meta]]. Lastly, an Echo notification will begin rolling out soon to notify eligible editors about the library ([[Phab:T132084|T132084]]). If you can translate the notification please do so [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:Translate&group=ext-thewikipedialibrary at TranslateWiki]! --The Wikipedia Library Team 13:23, 11 Ọnwaàsatọ 2021 (UTC) :<small>This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Samwalton9@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&oldid=21851699 --> == Universal Code of Conduct - Enforcement draft guidelines review == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="content"/>The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Drafting_committee#Phase_2|Universal Code of Conduct Phase 2 drafting committee]] would like comments about the '''[[:m:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement draft guidelines review|enforcement draft guidelines]]''' for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] (UCoC). This review period is planned for 17 August 2021 through 17 October 2021. These guidelines are not final but you can help move the progress forward. The committee will revise the guidelines based upon community input. Comments can be shared in any language on the [[m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement draft guidelines review|draft review talk page]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Discussions|multiple other venues]]. Community members are encouraged to organize conversations in their communities. There are planned live discussions about the UCoC enforcement draft guidelines: :[[wmania:2021:Submissions/Universal_Code_of_Conduct_Roundtable|Wikimania 2021 session]] (recorded 16 August) :[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/2021_consultations/Roundtable_discussions#Conversation hours|Conversation hours]] - 24 August, 31 August, 7 September @ 03:00 UTC & 14:00 UTC :[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/2021_consultations/Roundtable_discussions|Roundtable calls]] - 18 September @ 03:00 UTC & 15:00 UTC Summaries of discussions will be posted every two weeks [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Drafting committee/Digests|here]]. Please let me know if you have any questions.<section end="content"/> </div> [[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 23:19, 17 Ọnwaàsatọ 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Xeno (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Xeno_(WMF)/Delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=21895766 --> == Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees election has come to an end == Thank you for participating in the [[:meta:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2021|2021 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees election]]! Voting closed August 31 at 23:59. The official data, including the four most voted candidates, will be announced as soon as the [[:meta:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections_committee|Elections Committee]] completes their review of the ballots. The official announcement of the new trustees appointed will happen later, once the selected candidates have been confirmed by the Board. 6,946 community members from 216 wiki projects have voted. This makes 10.2% global participation, 1.1% higher than in the last Board elections. In 2017, 5167 people from 202 wiki projects cast their vote. A full analysis is planned to be published in a few days when the confirmed results are announced. In the meantime, you can check the [[:meta:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2021/Stats|data produced during the election]]. Diversity was an important goal with these elections. Messages about the Board election were translated into 61 languages. This outreach worked well. There were 70 communities with eligible voters voting in this election for the first time. With your help, next year’s Board of Trustees election will be even better. 10:03, 2 Ọnwaìtoolu 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Xeno_(WMF)/Delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=21895840 --> == The 2022 Community Wishlist Survey will happen in January == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> Hello everyone, We hope all of you are as well and safe as possible during these trying times! We wanted to share some news about a change to the Community Wishlist Survey 2022. We would like to hear your opinions as well. Summary: <div style="font-style:italic;"> We will be running the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey|Community Wishlist Survey]] 2022 in January 2022. We need more time to work on the 2021 wishes. We also need time to prepare some changes to the Wishlist 2022. In the meantime, you can use a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Sandbox|dedicated sandbox to leave early ideas for the 2022 wishes]]. </div> === Proposing and wish-fulfillment will happen during the same year === In the past, the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Tech|Community Tech]] team has run the Community Wishlist Survey for the following year in November of the prior year. For example, we ran the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021|Wishlist for 2021]] in November 2020. That worked well a few years ago. At that time, we used to start working on the Wishlist soon after the results of the voting were published. However, in 2021, there was a delay between the voting and the time when we could start working on the new wishes. Until July 2021, we were working on wishes from the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2020|Wishlist for 2020]]. We hope having the Wishlist 2022 in January 2022 will be more intuitive. This will also give us time to fulfill more wishes from the 2021 Wishlist. === Encouraging wider participation from historically excluded communities === We are thinking how to make the Wishlist easier to participate in. We want to support more translations, and encourage under-resourced communities to be more active. We would like to have some time to make these changes. === A new space to talk to us about priorities and wishes not granted yet === We will have gone 365 days without a Wishlist. We encourage you to approach us. We hope to hear from you in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Community Wishlist Survey|talk page]], but we also hope to see you at our bi-monthly Talk to Us meetings! These will be hosted at two different times friendly to time zones around the globe. We will begin our first meeting '''September 15th at 23:00 UTC'''. More details about the agenda and format coming soon! === Brainstorm and draft proposals before the proposal phase === If you have early ideas for wishes, you can use the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Sandbox|new Community Wishlist Survey sandbox]]. This way, you will not forget about these before January 2022. You will be able to come back and refine your ideas. Remember, edits in the sandbox don't count as wishes! === Feedback === * What should we do to improve the Wishlist pages? * How would you like to use our new [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Sandbox|sandbox?]] * What, if any, risks do you foresee in our decision to change the date of the Wishlist 2022? * What will help more people participate in the Wishlist 2022? Answer on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Community Wishlist Survey|talk page]] (in any language you prefer) or at our Talk to Us meetings. </div> [[user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[user talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|talk]]) 00:23, 7 Ọnwa itoolu 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=21980442 --> == Call for Candidates for the Movement Charter Drafting Committee ending 14 September 2021 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content"/>Movement Strategy announces [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee|the Call for Candidates for the Movement Charter Drafting Committee]]. The Call opens August 2, 2021 and closes September 14, 2021. The Committee is expected to represent [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Diversity_and_Expertise_Matrices|diversity in the Movement]]. Diversity includes gender, language, geography, and experience. This comprises participation in projects, affiliates, and the Wikimedia Foundation. English fluency is not required to become a member. If needed, translation and interpretation support is provided. Members will receive an allowance to offset participation costs. It is US$100 every two months. We are looking for people who have some of the following [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee#Role_Requirements|skills]]: * Know how to write collaboratively. (demonstrated experience is a plus) * Are ready to find compromises. * Focus on inclusion and diversity. * Have knowledge of community consultations. * Have intercultural communication experience. * Have governance or organization experience in non-profits or communities. * Have experience negotiating with different parties. The Committee is expected to start with 15 people. If there are 20 or more candidates, a mixed election and selection process will happen. If there are 19 or fewer candidates, then the process of selection without election takes place. Will you help move Wikimedia forward in this important role? Submit your candidacy [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee#Candidate_Statements|here]]. Please contact strategy2030[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org with questions.<section end="announcement-content"/> </div> [[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 17:01, 10 Ọnwa itoolu 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Xeno (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Xeno_(WMF)/Delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=22002240 --> == Server switch == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] tests the switch between its first and secondary data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. They will switch all traffic back to the primary data center on '''Tuesday, 14 September 2021'''. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on Tuesday, 14 September 2021. The test will start at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1631628049 14:00 UTC] (07:00 PDT, 10:00 EDT, 15:00 WEST/BST, 16:00 CEST, 19:30 IST, 23:00 JST, and in New Zealand at 02:00 NZST on Wednesday, 15 September). *If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. * We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. There will be more notifications about this. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. '''Please share this information with your community.'''</div></div> [[user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[user talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|<span class="signature-talk">{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}</span>]]) 00:45, 11 Ọnwa itoolu 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=21980442 --> == Talk to the Community Tech == [[File:Magic Wand Icon 229981 Color Flipped.svg|{{dir|{{pagelang}}|left|right}}|frameless|50px]] [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Updates/2021-09 Talk to Us|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Community_Wishlist_Survey/Updates/2021-09_Talk_to_Us&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] Hello! As we have [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Updates|recently announced]], we, the team working on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey|Community Wishlist Survey]], would like to invite you to an online meeting with us. It will take place on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20210915T2300 '''September 15th, 23:00 UTC'''] on Zoom, and will last an hour. [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/89828615390 '''Click here to join''']. '''Agenda''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Status report 1#Prioritization Process|How we prioritize the wishes to be granted]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Updates|Why we decided to change the date]] from November 2021 to January 2022 * Update on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Warn when linking to disambiguation pages|disambiguation]] and the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Real Time Preview for Wikitext|real-time preview]] wishes * Questions and answers '''Format''' The meeting will not be recorded or streamed. Notes without attribution will be taken and published on Meta-Wiki. The presentation (first three points in the agenda) will be given in English. We can answer questions asked in English, French, Polish, and Spanish. If you would like to ask questions in advance, add them [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist Survey|on the Community Wishlist Survey talk page]] or send to sgrabarczuk@wikimedia.org. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:NRodriguez (WMF)|Natalia Rodriguez]] (the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Tech|Community Tech]] manager) will be hosting this meeting. '''Invitation link''' * [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/89828615390 Join online] * Meeting ID: 898 2861 5390 * One tap mobile ** +16465588656,,89828615390# US (New York) ** +16699006833,,89828615390# US (San Jose) * [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/u/kctR45AI8o Dial by your location] See you! [[User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|<span class="signature-talk">{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}</span>]]) 03:03, 11 Ọnwa itoolu 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=21980442 --> == Select You the question statements for candidates of Drafting Committee Movement Charter == Into 2021-10-04 11:59:59 UTC you can select [[:m:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Election Compass Statements|question statements]] for the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates|candidates]] of [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee|Drafting Committee]] [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter|Movement Charter]]. ✍️ [[Ọbanife:Dušan Kreheľ|Dušan Kreheľ]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Dušan Kreheľ|kwuo]]) 22:50, 29 Ọnwa itoolu 2021 (UTC) == Upcoming Call for Feedback about the Board of Trustees elections == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content /> :''You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.'' :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees/Call for feedback:2022 Board of Trustees election/Upcoming Call for Feedback about the Board of Trustees elections|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees/Call for feedback:2022 Board of Trustees election/Upcoming Call for Feedback about the Board of Trustees elections}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' The Board of Trustees is preparing a call for feedback about the upcoming Board Elections, from January 7 - February 10, 2022. While details will be finalized the week before the call, we have confirmed at least two questions that will be asked during this call for feedback: * What is the best way to ensure fair representation of emerging communities among the Board? * What involvement should candidates have during the election? While additional questions may be added, the Movement Strategy and Governance team wants to provide time for community members and affiliates to consider and prepare ideas on the confirmed questions before the call opens. We apologize for not having a complete list of questions at this time. The list of questions should only grow by one or two questions. The intention is to not overwhelm the community with requests, but provide notice and welcome feedback on these important questions. '''Do you want to help organize local conversation during this Call?''' Contact the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance|Movement Strategy and Governance team]] on Meta, on [https://t.me/wmboardgovernancechat Telegram], or via email at msg[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org. Reach out if you have any questions or concerns. The Movement Strategy and Governance team will be minimally staffed until January 3. Please excuse any delayed response during this time. We also recognize some community members and affiliates are offline during the December holidays. We apologize if our message has reached you while you are on holiday. Best, Movement Strategy and Governance<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> {{int:thank-you}} [[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 17:56, 27 Ọnwa iri na abụọ 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Xeno (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=22502754 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2022 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{int:please-translate}} Greetings! You are invited to participate in '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2022|Feminism and Folklore 2022]]''' writing competion. This year Feminism and Folklore will focus on feminism, women biographies and gender-focused topics for the project in league with Wiki Loves Folklore gender gap focus with folk culture theme on Wikipedia. You can help us in enriching the folklore documentation on Wikipedia from your region by creating or improving articles focused on folklore around the world, including, but not limited to folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, women and queer personalities in folklore, folk culture (folk artists, folk dancers, folk singers, folk musicians, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales and more. You can contribute to new articles or translate from the list of suggested articles [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2022/List of Articles|here]]. You can also support us in organizing the contest on your local Wikipedia by signing up your community to participate in this project and also translating the [[m:Feminism and Folklore 2022|project page]] and help us spread the word in your native language. Learn more about the contest and prizes from our project page. Feel free to contact us on our [[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2022|talk page]] or via Email if you need any assistance... Thank you. '''Feminism and Folklore Team''', [[User:Tiven2240|Tiven2240]] --05:49, 11 Ọnwa mbụ 2022 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/wlf&oldid=22574381 --> == Wiki Loves Folklore is extended till 15th March == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">{{int:please-translate}} [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|frameless|180px]] Greetings from Wiki Loves Folklore International Team, We are pleased to inform you that [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore|Wiki Loves Folklore]] an international photographic contest on Wikimedia Commons has been extended till the '''15th of March 2022'''. The scope of the contest is focused on folk culture of different regions on categories, such as, but not limited to, folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, folk activities, etc. We would like to have your immense participation in the photographic contest to document your local Folk culture on Wikipedia. You can also help with the [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2022/Translations|translation]] of project pages and share a word in your local language. Best wishes, '''International Team'''<br /> '''Wiki Loves Folklore''' [[Ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|kwuo]]) 04:50, 22 Ọnwa abụọ 2022 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Rockpeterson@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=22754428 --> == Coming soon == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> === Several improvements around templates === Hello, from March 9, several improvements around templates will become available on your wiki: * Fundamental improvements of the [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User guide#Editing templates|VisualEditor template dialog]] ([[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/VisualEditor template dialog improvements|1]], [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Removing a template from a page using the VisualEditor|2]]), * Improvements to make it easier to put a template on a page ([[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Finding and inserting templates|3]]) (for the template dialogs in [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User guide#Editing templates|VisualEditor]], [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:WikiEditor#/media/File:VectorEditorBasic-en.png|2010 Wikitext]] and [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/2017 wikitext editor|New Wikitext Mode]]), * and improvements in the syntax highlighting extension [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] ([[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Improved Color Scheme of Syntax Highlighting|4]], [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Bracket Matching|5]]) (which is available on wikis with writing direction left-to-right). All these changes are part of the “[[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Templates|Templates]]” project by [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]]. We hope they will help you in your work, and we would love to hear your feedback on the talk pages of these projects. </div> - [[m:User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]] 12:38, 28 Ọnwa abụọ 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_all_village_pumps&oldid=22907463 --> == Wiki Loves Folklore 2022 ends tomorrow == [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|frameless|180px]] International photographic contest [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2022| Wiki Loves Folklore 2022]] ends on 15th March 2022 23:59:59 UTC. This is the last chance of the year to upload images about local folk culture, festival, cuisine, costume, folklore etc on Wikimedia Commons. Watch out our social media handles for regular updates and declaration of Winners. ([https://www.facebook.com/WikiLovesFolklore/ Facebook] , [https://twitter.com/WikiFolklore Twitter ] , [https://www.instagram.com/wikilovesfolklore/ Instagram]) The writing competition Feminism and Folklore will run till 31st of March 2022 23:59:59 UTC. Write about your local folk tradition, women, folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, folk activities, folk games, folk cuisine, folk wear, folklore, and tradition, including ballads, folktales, fairy tales, legends, traditional song and dance, folk plays, games, seasonal events, calendar customs, folk arts, folk religion, mythology etc. on your local Wikipedia. Check if your [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2022/Project Page|local Wikipedia is participating]] A special competition called '''Wiki Loves Falles''' is organised in Spain and the world during 15th March 2022 till 15th April 2022 to document local folk culture and [[:en:Falles|Falles]] in Valencia, Spain. Learn more about it on [[:ca:Viquiprojecte:Falles 2022|Catalan Wikipedia project page]]. We look forward for your immense co-operation. Thanks Wiki Loves Folklore international Team [[Ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|kwuo]]) 14:40, 14 Ọnwa atọ 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Rockpeterson@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=22754428 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2022 ends soon == [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2022 logo.svg|right|frameless|250px]] [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2022|Feminism and Folklore 2022]] which is an international writing contest organized at Wikipedia ends soon that is on <b>31 March 2022 11:59 UTC</b>. This is the last chance of the year to write about feminism, women biographies and gender-focused topics such as <i>folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, folk activities, folk games, folk cuisine, folk wear, fairy tales, folk plays, folk arts, folk religion, mythology, folk artists, folk dancers, folk singers, folk musicians, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales and more</i> Keep an eye on the project page for declaration of Winners. We look forward for your immense co-operation. Thanks Wiki Loves Folklore international Team [[Ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|kwuo]]) 14:28, 26 Ọnwa atọ 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Rockpeterson@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Rockpeterson/fnf&oldid=23060054 --> == New Wikipedia Library Collections Available Now - April 2022 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello Wikimedians! [[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL owl says sign up today!]] [[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] has free access to new paywalled reliable sources. You can these and dozens more collections at https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/: * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/128/ Wiley]''' – journals, books, and research resources, covering life, health, social, and physical sciences * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/125/ OECD]''' – OECD iLibrary, Data, and Multimedia​​ published by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/129/ SPIE Digital Library]''' – journals and eBooks on optics and photonics applied research Many other sources are freely available for experienced editors, including collections which recently became accessible to all eligible editors: Cambridge University Press, BMJ, AAAS, Érudit and more. Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: log in today! <br>--The Wikipedia Library Team 13:17, 26 Ọnwa anọ 2022 (UTC) :<small>This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Samwalton9@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&oldid=23036656 --> == Coming soon: Improvements for templates == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <!--T:11--> [[File:Overview of changes in the VisualEditor template dialog by WMDE Technical Wishes.webm|thumb|Fundamental changes in the template dialog.]] Hello, more changes around templates are coming to your wiki soon: The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User guide#Editing templates|'''template dialog''' in VisualEditor]] and in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2017 wikitext editor|2017 Wikitext Editor]] (beta) will be '''improved fundamentally''': This should help users understand better what the template expects, how to navigate the template, and how to add parameters. * [[metawiki:WMDE Technical Wishes/VisualEditor template dialog improvements|project page]], [[metawiki:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/VisualEditor template dialog improvements|talk page]] In '''syntax highlighting''' ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] extension), you can activate a '''colorblind-friendly''' color scheme with a user setting. * [[metawiki:WMDE Technical Wishes/Improved Color Scheme of Syntax Highlighting#Color-blind_mode|project page]], [[metawiki:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Improved Color Scheme of Syntax Highlighting|talk page]] Deployment is planned for May 10. This is the last set of improvements from [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes']] focus area “[[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Templates|Templates]]”. We would love to hear your feedback on our talk pages! </div> -- [[m:User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]] 11:13, 29 Ọnwa anọ 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_all_village_pumps&oldid=23222263 --> == Invitation to participate in the #WPWPCampaign 2022 == Dear Wikimedians, We are glad to inform you that the 2022 edition of Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos campaign is coming up in July. This is a formal invitation to invite individuals and communities to join the campaign to help improve Wikipedia articles with photos and contextual images. The campaign will run from July 1 to August 31, 2022 and several communities and Wikimedia Affiliates have already indicated interest to organize the campaign in their localities. Please find your community or community closer to you to participate: [[:m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2022/Participating Communities|WPWP2022 Campaign: Participating Communities]]. The campaign primarily aims to promote using images from Wikimedia Commons to enrich Wikipedia articles that are lacking them. Participants will choose among Wikipedia pages without photos, then add a suitable file from among the many thousands of photos in the Wikimedia Commons, especially those uploaded from thematic contests (Wiki Loves Africa, Wiki Loves Earth, Wiki Loves Folklore, etc.) over the years. In this third edition of the campaign, eligibility criteria have been revised based on feedback and campaign Evaluation Reports of the previous editions. Please find more [[:m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2022/FAQ and Contest Rules|details about these changes and our FAQ here on Meta-Wiki]] For more information, please visit the [[:m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2022|campaign page on Meta-Wiki]]. Best,<br/> [[User:Ammarpad|Ammar A.]]<br/> Global Coordinator<br/> Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos Campaign 2022.<br /> 17:39, 31 Ọnwa ise 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Martin Urbanec@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia_Pages_Wanting_Photos/Distribution_list&oldid=23230284 --> == Results of Wiki Loves Folklore 2022 is out! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{int:please-translate}} [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]] Hi, Greetings The winners for '''[[c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2022|Wiki Loves Folklore 2022]]''' is announced! We are happy to share with you winning images for this year's edition. This year saw over 8,584 images represented on commons in over 92 countries. Kindly see images '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2022/Winners|here]]''' Our profound gratitude to all the people who participated and organized local contests and photo walks for this project. We hope to have you contribute to the campaign next year. '''Thank you,''' '''Wiki Loves Folklore International Team''' --[[Ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|kwuo]]) 16:12, 4 Ọnwa asaa 2022 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=23454230 --> == The Vector 2022 skin as the default in two weeks? == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:Wikimania 2022 Vector (2022) Presentation.pdf|thumb|The slides for our presentation at Wikimania 2022|page=26]] Hello. I'm writing on behalf of the [[mw:Reading/Web|Wikimedia Foundation Web team]]. '''In two weeks, we would like to make the Vector 2022 skin the default on this wiki.''' We have been working on it for the past three years. So far, it has been the default on more than 30 wikis, including sister projects, all accounting for more than 1 billion pageviews per month. On average [[phab:T317529#8246686|87% of active logged-in users]] of those wikis use Vector 2022. It would become the default for all logged-out users, and also all logged-in users who currently use Vector legacy. Logged-in users can at any time switch to [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|any other skins]]. No changes are expected for users of these skins. <div style="width:100%; margin:auto;"><gallery widths="220" heights="150" mode="packed" caption="Top of an article"> Screenshot Historia da moeda do Tíbet - 2022-09-22 - Vector 2010 top.png|Vector legacy (current default) Screenshot Historia da moeda do Tíbet - 2022-09-22 - Vector 2022 top.png|Vector 2022 </gallery><gallery widths="220" heights="150" mode="packed" caption="A section of an article"> Screenshot Historia da moeda do Tíbet - 2022-09-22 - Vector 2010 scrolled.png|Vector legacy (current default) Screenshot Historia da moeda do Tíbet - 2022-09-22 - Vector 2022 scrolled.png|Vector 2022 </gallery></div> === About the skin === '''[Why is a change necessary]''' The current default skin meets the needs of the readers and editors as these were 13 years ago. Since then, new users have begun using Wikimedia projects. [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2022/08/18/prioritizing-equity-within-wikipedias-new-desktop/ The old Vector doesn't meet their needs.] '''[Objective]''' The objective for the new skin is to make the interface more welcoming and comfortable for readers and useful for advanced users. It draws inspiration from previous requests, the [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist_Survey|Community Wishlist Surveys]], and gadgets and scripts. The work helped our code follow the standards and improve all other skins. [[phab:phame/post/view/290/how_and_why_we_moved_our_skins_to_mustache/|We reduced PHP code in Wikimedia deployed skins by 75%]]. The project has also focused on making it easier to support gadgets and use APIs. '''[Changes and test results]''' The skin introduces a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Features|series of changes]] that improve readability and usability. The new skin does not remove any functionality currently available on the Vector skin. * The sticky header makes it easier to find tools that editors use often. It decreases scrolling to the top of the page by 16%. * The new table of contents makes it easier to navigate to different sections. Readers and editors jumped to different sections of the page 50% more than with the old table of contents. It also looks a bit different on talk pages. * The new search bar is easier to find and makes it easier to find the correct search result from the list. This increased the amount of searches started by 30% on the wikis we tested on. * The skin does not negatively affect pageviews, edit rates, or account creation. There is evidence of increases in pageviews and account creation across partner communities. '''[Try it out]''' Try out the new skin by going to the appearance tab in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|your preferences]] and selecting Vector 2022 from the list of skins. === How can editors change and customize this skin? === It's possible to configure and personalize our changes. We support volunteers who create new gadgets and user scripts. Check out [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Repository|our repository]] for a list of currently available customizations, or add your own. === Our plan === '''If no large concerns are raised, we plan on deploying in the week of October 3, 2022'''. If your community would like to request more time to discuss the changes, hit the button and write to us. We can adjust the calendar. <div style="text-align: center;">[[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|<span class="plainlinks mw-ui-button">Request for more time to discuss the change</span>]]</div> If you'd like ask our team anything, if you have questions, concerns, or additional thoughts, please ping me here or write on the [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|talk page of the project]]. We will gladly answer! Also, [[mw:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Frequently asked questions|see our FAQ]]. Thank you! [[mw:User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[mw:User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|talk]]) 04:15, 22 Septemba 2022 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:SGrabarczuk_(WMF)/sandbox/MM/Varia&oldid=23838600 --> == Update on Vector 2022 == [[File:Screenshot Historia da moeda do Tíbet - 2022-09-22 - Vector 2022 scrolled.png|thumb]] <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello. I'm sorry for not communicating in your language. I'll be grateful if you translated my message. I'm writing on behalf of the [[mw:Reading/Web|Web team]] working on the new skin, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|Vector 2022]]. We wanted to apologize for the delays in the deployment of Vector 2022. We know many of you are waiting for this eagerly. We have been delaying the deployment because we have been working on the logos. It has taken us more time than originally expected. Once the logos are ready, we will let you know the exact date of deployment. '''We are planning for either the next (more likely) or the following week'''. If your wiki doesn't currently have a localized logo, we encourage you to [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|reach out to us]] and we can help make one. We invite you to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements#contact|get involved in the project]]. Contact us if you have any questions or need any help, particularly with the compatibility of gadgets and user scripts. Thank you! [[User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|talk]]) 23:24, 19 Ọktoba 2022 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:SGrabarczuk_(WMF)/sandbox/MM/Varia&oldid=23955535 --> == Community Wishlist Survey 2023 opens in January! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''{{int:Please-translate}}'' {{int:Hello}} The [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023|'''Community Wishlist Survey (CWS) 2023''']], which lets contributors propose and vote for tools and improvements, starts next month on Monday, [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1674496831 23 January 2023, at 18:00 UTC] and will continue annually. We are inviting you to share your ideas for technical improvements to our tools and platforms. Long experience in editing or technical skills is not required. If you have ever used our software and thought of an idea to improve it, this is the place to come share those ideas! The dates for the phases of the Survey will be as follows: * Phase 1: Submit, discuss, and revise proposals – Monday, Jan 23, 2023 to Sunday, Feb 6, 2023 * Phase 2: WMF/Community Tech reviews and organizes proposals – Monday, Jan 30, 2023 to Friday, Feb 10, 2023 * Phase 3: Vote on proposals – Friday, Feb 10, 2023 to Friday, Feb 24, 2023 * Phase 4: Results posted – Tuesday, Feb 28, 2023 If you want to start writing out your ideas ahead of the Survey, you can start thinking about your proposals and draft them in [[m:Community Wishlist Survey/Sandbox|the CWS sandbox]]. We are grateful to all who participated last year. See you in January 2023! </div> {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}} <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">Community Tech, [[m:User:STei (WMF)|STei (WMF)]]</bdi> 12:59, 13 Disemba 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:STei_(WMF)/CWS_2023_List&oldid=24226232 --> == Movement Charter: End of the community consultation round 1 == Hi everyone, On behalf of the [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee|Movement Charter Drafting Committee]] (MCDC), we would like to thank everyone who has participated in our first [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Community_Consultation|community wide consultation period]] on the Movement Charter. People from across the movement shared their feedback and thoughts on the content of the [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter|Movement Charter]]. If you have not had the chance to share your opinion yet, you are welcome to do so by [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Content/Preamble|giving the drafts a read]] and filling out the '''[https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/743832 anonymous survey]''', which is accessible in 12+ languages. The survey will close on '''January 2, 2023'''. You are invited to continue to share your thoughts with the MCDC via email too: movementcharter@wikimedia.org. '''What’s next?''' The [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Team|Movement Strategy and Governance team]] will publish the final report with a summary of the feedback received in January 2023. It will be shared with the MCDC and the communities via different distribution channels. After receiving the final report, the MCDC will review the suggestions and communicate the changes by providing an explanation on how and why suggestions were or were not adopted in the next versions of the drafts. There will be additional ways to engage with the Movement Charter content in 2023, including early feedback on a proposed ratification process and new drafts of different chapters in the second quarter of 2023. We invite you to sign up for the [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Newsletter|MCDC monthly newsletter]], which will be delivered to the Talk page of your choice. [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Updates|Monthly updates]] are available on Meta to stay updated on the progress of the MCDC. Interested people can still sign-up to become a [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Movement_Charter_Ambassadors_Program/About|Movement Charter Ambassador]] (MC Ambassador) to support their community. MC Ambassadors Program will restart accepting applications from both individuals and groups ahead of the next round of consultations in the second quarter of 2023. We thank you for your participation, time, and effort in helping to build the charter for our movement! ''On behalf of the Movement Charter Drafting Committee'' [[Ọbanife:Zuz (WMF)|Zuz (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Zuz (WMF)|ṅkátá]]) 10:15, 16 Disemba 2022 (UTC) == Feminism and Folklore 2023 == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2023 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]] ::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <center>''{{int:please-translate}}''</center> Dear Wiki Community, Christmas Greetings and a Happy New Year 2023, You are humbly invited to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023|Feminism and Folklore 2023]]''' writing competition from February 1, 2023, to March 31, 2023 on your local Wikipedia. This year, Feminism and Folklore will focus on feminism, women's issues, and gender-focused topics for the project, with a [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2023|Wiki Loves Folklore]] gender gap focus and a folk culture theme on Wikipedia. You can help Wikipedia's coverage of folklore from your area by writing or improving articles about things like folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, women and queer folklore figures, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales, and more. Users can help create new articles, expand or translate from a [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023/List of Articles|list]] of suggested articles. Organisers are requested to work on the following action items to sign up their communities for the project: # Create a page for the contest on the local wiki. # Set up a fountain tool or dashboard. # Create the local list and mention the timeline and local and international prizes. # Request local admins for site notice. # Link the local page and the fountain/dashboard link on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023/Project Page|meta project page]]. This year we would be supporting the community's financial aid for Internet and childcare support. This would be provided for the local team including their jury and coordinator team. This support is opt-in and non mandatory. Kindly fill in [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSea81OO0lVgUBd551iIiENXht7BRCISYZlKyBQlemZu_j2OHQ/viewform this Google form] and mark a mail to [mailto:support@wikilovesfolklore.org support@wikilovesfolklore.org] with the subject line starting as [Stipend] Name or Username/Language. The last date to sign up for internet and childcare aid from our team is 20th of January 2023, We encourage the language coordinators to sign up their community on this link by the 25th of January 2023. Learn more about the contest and prizes on our [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023|project page]]. Feel free to contact us on our [[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2023/Project Page|meta talk page]] or by email us if you need any assistance. We look forward to your immense coordination. Thank you and Best wishes, [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023|Feminism and Folklore 2023 International Team]] ::::Stay connected [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&nbsp; [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] </div></div> --[[Ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|ṅkátá]]) 10:23, 24 Disemba 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=23942484 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Your wiki will be in read only soon</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="server-switch"/><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] tests the switch between its first and secondary data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2023-03-01|en}}'''. The test will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2023-03-01T14:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2023-03-01T14:00}}]'''. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2023-03-01|en}}. *If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. * We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. There will be more notifications about this. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. '''Please share this information with your community.'''</div><section end="server-switch"/> </div> <span dir=ltr>[[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Trizek (WMF)|{{int:talk}}]])</span> 21:20, 27 Febụwarị 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=24390465 --> == Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2023: We are back! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:UCDM 2023 promo.png|180px|right]] {{int:please-translate}} Hello, dear Wikipedians!<br/> [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine]] and [[en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the third edition of writing challenge "'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2023|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''", which lasts from 1st until 31st March 2023. The campaign is dedicated to famous Ukrainian artists of cinema, music, literature, architecture, design and cultural phenomena of Ukraine that are now part of world heritage. We accept contribution in every language! The most active contesters will receive [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2023/Prizes|prizes]].<br/> We invite you to take part and help us improve the coverage of Ukrainian culture on Wikipedia in your language! Also, we plan to set up a [[m:CentralNotice/Request/UCDM 2023|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in such a challenge! </div> [[m:User:ValentynNefedov (WMUA)|ValentynNefedov (WMUA)]] ([[m:User talk:ValentynNefedov (WMUA)|talk]]) 07:58, 1 March 2023 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ValentynNefedov (WMUA)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=23942484 --> == Ndebata mmemme nnabata Wikimania 2023 == <section begin="wikimania-program-submissions"/>[[File:Wikimedia_Singapore_Logo.svg|right|frameless]]Ị chọrọ ịkwado nnọkọ mmadụ ma ọ bụ mebere na Wikimania 2023? Ma eleghị anya, ọgbakọ nke ozugbo, mkparịta ụka na-ekpo ọkụ, ihe na-atọ ụtọ, akwụkwọ mmado na-adọrọ adọrọ, ma ọ bụ okwu ọkụ na-agaghị echefu echefu? [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2023:Program/Submissions|'''Ntinye akwụkwọ na-emeghe ruo ụbọchị iri abụọ na asatọ nke ọnwa Maachị''']]. Ihe omume a ga-enwe ngwakọ ngwakọ raara onwe ya nye, yabụ a na-anabatakwa ntinye akwụkwọ na ọdịnaya edekọrịrị. Ọ bụrụ na i nwere ajụjụ ọ bụla, biko sonyere anyị na mkparịta ụka na-abịanụ na Machị 12 ma ọ bụ 19, ma ọ bụ nweta ozi-email na wikimania@wikimedia.org ma ọ bụ na Telegram. Ozi ndị ọzọ na-wiki.<section end="wikimania-program-submissions"/> <!-- Message sent by User:CKoerner (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=24390465 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Your wiki will be in read-only soon</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="server-switch"/><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] tests the switch between its first and secondary data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2023-04-26|en}}'''. The test will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2023-04-26T14:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2023-04-26T14:00}}]'''. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2023-04-26|en}}. *If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. * We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. There will be more notifications about this. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. '''Please share this information with your community.'''</div><section end="server-switch"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:41, 21 Eprel 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=24748237 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Seeking volunteers for the next step in the Universal Code of Conduct process</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/U4C Building Committee/Nominations/Announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/U4C Building Committee/Nominations/Announcement}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Hello, As follow-up to [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikimedia-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/IOMVS7W75ZYMABQGOQ2QH2JAURC3CHGH/ the message about the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines] by Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees Vice Chair, Shani Evenstein Sigalov, I am reaching out about the next steps. I want to bring your attention to the next stage of the Universal Code of Conduct process, which is forming a building committee for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C). I invite community members with experience and deep interest in community health and governance to nominate themselves to be part of the U4C building committee, which needs people who are: * Community members in good standing * Knowledgeable about movement community processes, such as, but not limited to, policy drafting, participatory decision making, and application of existing rules and policies on Wikimedia projects * Aware and appreciative of the diversity of the movement, such as, but not limited to, languages spoken, identity, geography, and project type * Committed to participate for the entire U4C Building Committee period from mid-May - December 2023 * Comfortable with engaging in difficult, but productive conversations * Confidently able to communicate in English The Building Committee shall consist of volunteer community members, affiliate board or staff, and Wikimedia Foundation staff. The Universal Code of Conduct has been a process strengthened by the skills and knowledge of the community and I look forward to what the U4C Building Committee creates. If you are interested in joining the Building Committee, please either [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/U4C_Building_Committee/Nominations|sign up on the Meta-Wiki page]], or contact ucocproject[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org by May 12, 2023. '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/U4C_Building_Committee|Read more on Meta-Wiki]]'''. Best regards,<br /><section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 19:00, 26 Eprel 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Xeno (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=24941045 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Automatic citations based on ISBN are broken</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="message" /> Apologies if this message does not reach you in your favorite language. [[:m:User:Elitre (WMF)/ISBN|You can help translate it centrally at Meta]]. Thanks for your help. We have recently become unable to access the WorldCat API which provided the ability to generate citations using ISBN numbers. The Wikimedia Foundation's [[mw:Editing_team|Editing team]] is investigating several options to restore the functionality, but will need to disable ISBN citation generation for now. This affects citations made with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User_guide/Citations-Full#Automatic|VisualEditor Automatic tab]], and the use of the citoid API in gadgets and user scripts, such as the autofill button on [[:en:Wikipedia:RefToolbar|refToolbar]]. Please note that all the other automatic ways of generating citations, including via URL or DOI, are still available. You can keep updated on the situation [[phab:T336298|via Phabricator]], or by reading the next issues of [[m:Tech News]]. If you know of any users or groups who rely heavily on this feature (for instance, someone who has an upcoming editathon), I'd appreciate it if you shared this update with them. [[User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]], on behalf of the Editing team.<section end="message" /> </div> [[Ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|ṅkátá]]) 19:45, 11 Mee 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Quiddity_(WMF)/sandbox3&oldid=25009633 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Selection of the U4C Building Committee</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> The next stage in the Universal Code of Conduct process is establishing a Building Committee to create the charter for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C). The Building Committee has been selected. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/U4C_Building_Committee|Read about the members and the work ahead on Meta-wiki]].<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> -- [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Project|UCoC Project Team]], 04:20, 27 Mee 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=25018085 --> == Invitation to participate in the #WPWPCampaign 2023 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Dear Wikimedians, [[File:WPWP_logo_1.png|right|150px|frameless]] We are glad to inform you that the 2023 edition of Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos campaign is coming up in July. This is a formal invitation to invite individuals and communities to join the campaign to help improve Wikipedia articles with photos and other relevant media files. If you're interested in participating, please find your community or community closer to you to participate from the [[:m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2023/Participating Communities|Participating Communities]] page. If you're organizer, please add your community or Affiliate to the page. The campaign primarily aims to promote using images from Wikimedia Commons to enrich Wikipedia articles. Participants will choose among Wikipedia pages without photos, then add a suitable file from among the many thousands of photos in the Wikimedia Commons, especially those uploaded from thematic contests (Wiki Loves Africa, Wiki Loves Earth, Wiki Loves Folklore, etc.) over the years. In this edition of the campaign, eligibility criteria have been revised based on feedback and campaign Evaluation Reports of the previous editions. Please find more [[:m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2023/FAQ and Contest Rules|details about these changes and our FAQ on Meta-Wiki]] For more information, please visit the '''[[:m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2023|campaign page on Meta-Wiki]]'''. Kind regards, Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos International Team. [[Ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|ṅkátá]]) 23:25, 7 Jụn 2023 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ammarpad@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia_Pages_Wanting_Photos/Distribution_list&oldid=23360272 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Announcing the new Elections Committee members</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee/Nominatons/2023/Announcement - new members|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]'' :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee/Nominatons/2023/Announcement - new members|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections committee/Nominatons/2023/Announcement - new members}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Hello there, We are glad to announce [[listarchive:list/wikimedia-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/4TALOUFPAP2VDBR27GKRVOP7IGQYU3DB/|the new members and advisors of the Elections Committee]]. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections_committee|Elections Committee]] assists with the design and implementation of the process to select Community- and Affiliate-Selected trustees for the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees. After an open nomination process, the strongest candidates spoke with the Board and four candidates were asked to join the Elections Committee. Four other candidates were asked to participate as advisors. Thank you to all the community members who submitted their names for consideration. We look forward to working with the Elections Committee in the near future. On behalf of the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees,<br /><section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 18:00, 28 Jụn 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=25018085 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Review the Charter for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/U4C Building Committee/Announcement - Review|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/U4C Building Committee/Announcement - Review}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Hello all, I am pleased to share the next step in the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] work. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) draft charter]] is now ready for your review. The [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines|Enforcement Guidelines]] require a [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines#4.5_U4C_Building_Committee|Building Committee]] form to draft a charter that outlines procedures and details for a global committee to be called the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines#4._UCoC_Coordinating_Committee_(U4C)|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]]. Over the past few months, the U4C Building Committee worked together as a group to discuss and draft the U4C charter. The U4C Building Committee welcomes feedback about the draft charter now through 22 September 2023. After that date, the U4C Building Committee will revise the charter as needed and a community vote will open shortly afterward. Join the conversation during the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/U4C Building Committee#Conversation hours|conversation hours]] or on [[m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|Meta-wiki]]. Best,<br /><section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]], on behalf of the U4C Building Committee, 15:35, 28 Ọgọọst 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=25392152 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Your wiki will be in read-only soon</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="server-switch"/><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will switch the traffic between its data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2023-09-20|en}}'''. The test will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2023-09-20T14:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2023-09-20T14:00}}]'''. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2023-09-20|en}}. *If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. * We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. There will be more notifications about this. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. '''Please share this information with your community.'''</div><section end="server-switch"/> </div> [[User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek_(WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Trizek (WMF)|talk]]) 09:23, 15 Septemba 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=25018086 --> == Ohere dị maka Kọmitii Affiliation,Ombuds kọmitii,na kọmitii nke Case Review == <section begin="announcement-content" /> <div style="margin:.2em 0 .5em;margin-{{#switch:{{PAGELANGUAGE}}|ar|arc|ary|arz|azb|bcc|bgn|ckb|bqi|dv|fa|fa-af|glk|ha-arab|he|kk-arab|kk-cn|ks|ku-arab|ms-arab|mzn|pnb|prd|ps|sd|ug|ur|ydd|yi=right|left}}:3ex;"> [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/Committee appointments/Announcement/Short|''Inwere ike ịhụ ozi a ka atugharịrị na asụsụ ndị ọzọ na Meta-Wiki.'']] ''<span class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/Committee appointments/Announcement/Short|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/Committee appointments/Announcement/Short}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</span>''</div> Ndewo onye ọ bụla! Ndị [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee| Kọmiti Mmekọrịta]] (AffCom), [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ombuds_commission|Ombuds Commission]] (OC), na [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Trust_and_Safety/Case_Review_Committee| Kọmitii Nlebaanya Okwu]] (CRC) na-achọ ndị otu ọhụrụ. Ndị otu afọ ofufo a na-enye nkwado nhazi na nlekọta dị mkpa maka otu na njem. A na-agba ndị mmadụ ume ịhọpụta onwe ha ma ọ bụ gwaa ndị ọzọ ha chere na ha ga-atụnye aka na otu ndị a itinye akwụkwọ. Enwere ozi ndị ọzọ gbasara ọrụ nke otu, nka ndị achọrọ, yana ohere itinye n'ọrụ na [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/Committee appointments|'''peeji Meta-wiki''']]. N'aha ndị òtù Kọmitii Nnyereaka<br /><section end="announcement-content" /> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ~ [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 16:41, 9 Ọktoba 2023 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=25570445 --> == Nnyochaa na nkọwa nke nchịkọba iwu nhọpụta Board of Trustees Wikimedia Foundation nke 2024 == <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/wiki/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Rules package review - short| Inwere ike ịhụ ibe ozi a ka atugharịrị na asụsụ ndị ọzọ na Meta-wiki'''.]]'' :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/wiki/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Rules package review - short|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:wiki/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Rules package review - short}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' mmadụ niile, Biko nyochaa ma nye ntunye okwu gbasara nchịkọba iwu nhọrọ Board of Trustees nke Wikimedia Foundation site ugbu a ruo 29 Ọktoba 2023. Usoro iwu nhọrọ dabeere na nsụgharị ochie nke Kọmitii Ntuli aka ma a ga-eji ya na nhọrọ Board of Trustees nke 2024 . Inye ntunye okwu gị ugbu a ga-enyere ha aka ịnye usoro nhọrọ bọọdụ dị mfe, ma ka mma. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024|gukwuo Ndị ọzọ na ibe Meta-wiki]]. Nke kacha mma Katie Chan <br> Onye isi oche nke Kọmitii ntuliaka<br /><section end="announcement-content" /> 01:12, 17 Ọktoba 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=25570445 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Coming soon: Reference Previews</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="ReferencePreviewsDefault"/> [[File:Example_of_a_Reference_Preview.png|right|300px]] A new feature is coming to your wiki soon: Reference Previews are popups for references. Such popups have existed on wikis as local gadgets for many years. Now there is a central solution, available on all wikis, and consistent with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Page Previews|PagePreviews feature]]. Reference Previews will be visible to everyone, including readers. If you don’t want to see them, [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews#Opt-out feature|you can opt out]]. If you are [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-gadgets|using the gadgets]] Reference Tooltips or Navigation Popups, you won’t see Reference Previews unless you disable the gadget. Reference Previews have been a beta feature on many wikis since 2019, and a default feature on some since 2021. Deployment is planned for November 22. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Help page]] * [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews|Project page with more information (in English)]]. * Feedback is welcome [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews|on this talk page]]. -- For [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Wikimedia Deutschland’s Technical Wishes]] team, <section end="ReferencePreviewsDefault"/> </div> [[m:User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]], 13:11, 15 Novemba 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_all_village_pumps&oldid=25866958 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">(New) Feature on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]]: Adding geopoints via QID</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="Body"/>Since September 2022, it is possible to create geopoints using a QID. Many wiki contributors have asked for this feature, but it is not being used much. Therefore, we would like to remind you about it. More information can be found on the [[M:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Geoinformation/Geopoints via QID|project page]]. If you have any comments, please let us know on the [[M:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Geoinformation/Geopoints via QID|talk page]]. – Best regards, the team of Technical Wishes at Wikimedia Deutschland <section end="Body"/> </div> [[M:User:Thereza Mengs (WMDE)|Thereza Mengs (WMDE)]] 12:31, 13 Disemba 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Thereza Mengs (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_all_village_pumps&oldid=25955829 --> == Do you use Wikidata in Wikimedia sibling projects? Tell us about your experiences == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''Note: Apologies for cross-posting and sending in English.'' Hello, the '''[[m:WD4WMP|Wikidata for Wikimedia Projects]]''' team at Wikimedia Deutschland would like to hear about your experiences using Wikidata in the sibling projects. If you are interested in sharing your opinion and insights, please consider signing up for an interview with us in this '''[https://wikimedia.sslsurvey.de/Wikidata-for-Wikimedia-Interviews Registration form]'''.<br> ''Currently, we are only able to conduct interviews in English.'' The front page of the form has more details about what the conversation will be like, including how we would '''compensate''' you for your time. For more information, visit our ''[[m:WD4WMP/AddIssue|project issue page]]'' where you can also share your experiences in written form, without an interview.<br>We look forward to speaking with you, [[m:User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] ([[m:User talk:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|talk]]) 08:53, 5 January 2024 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/WD4WMP/ScreenerInvite&oldid=26027495 --> == Reusing references: Can we look over your shoulder? == ''Apologies for writing in English.'' The Technical Wishes team at Wikimedia Deutschland is planning to [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Reusing references|make reusing references easier]]. For our research, we are looking for wiki contributors willing to show us how they are interacting with references. * The format will be a 1-hour video call, where you would share your screen. [https://wikimedia.sslsurvey.de/User-research-into-Reusing-References-Sign-up-Form-2024/en/ More information here]. * Interviews can be conducted in English, German or Dutch. * [[mw:WMDE_Engineering/Participate_in_UX_Activities#Compensation|Compensation is available]]. * Sessions will be held in January and February. * [https://wikimedia.sslsurvey.de/User-research-into-Reusing-References-Sign-up-Form-2024/en/ Sign up here if you are interested.] * Please note that we probably won’t be able to have sessions with everyone who is interested. Our UX researcher will try to create a good balance of wiki contributors, e.g. in terms of wiki experience, tech experience, editing preferences, gender, disability and more. If you’re a fit, she will reach out to you to schedule an appointment. We’re looking forward to seeing you, [[m:User:Thereza Mengs (WMDE)| Thereza Mengs (WMDE)]] <!-- Message sent by User:Thereza Mengs (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_all_village_pumps&oldid=25956752 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2024 == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2024 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]] ::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <center>''{{int:please-translate}}''</center> Dear Wiki Community, You are humbly invited to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2024|Feminism and Folklore 2024]]''' writing competition from February 1, 2023, to March 31, 2023 on your local Wikipedia. This year, Feminism and Folklore will focus on feminism, women's issues, and gender-focused topics for the project, with a [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2024|Wiki Loves Folklore]] gender gap focus and a folk culture theme on Wikipedia. You can help Wikipedia's coverage of folklore from your area by writing or improving articles about things like folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, women and queer folklore figures, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales, and more. Users can help create new articles, expand or translate from a generated list of suggested articles. Organisers are requested to work on the following action items to sign up their communities for the project: # Create a page for the contest on the local wiki. # Set up a campaign on '''CampWiz''' tool. # Create the local list and mention the timeline and local and international prizes. # Request local admins for site notice. # Link the local page and the CampWiz link on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2024/Project Page|meta project page]]. This year, the Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced two new tools to enhance support for the campaign. These tools include the '''Article List Generator by Topic''' and '''CampWiz'''. The Article List Generator by Topic enables users to identify articles on the English Wikipedia that are not present in their native language Wikipedia. Users can customize their selection criteria, and the tool will present a table showcasing the missing articles along with suggested titles. Additionally, users have the option to download the list in both CSV and wikitable formats. Notably, the CampWiz tool will be employed for the project for the first time, empowering users to effectively host the project with a jury. Both tools are now available for use in the campaign. [https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ '''Click here to access these tools'''] Learn more about the contest and prizes on our [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2024|project page]]. Feel free to contact us on our [[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2024/Project Page|meta talk page]] or by email us if you need any assistance. We look forward to your immense coordination. Thank you and Best wishes, '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2024|Feminism and Folklore 2024 International Team]]''' ::::Stay connected [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&nbsp; [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] </div></div> --[[Ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|ṅkátá]]) 07:26, 18 Jenụwarị 2024 (UTC) == Wiki Loves Folklore is back! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{int:please-translate}} [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]] Dear Wiki Community, You are humbly invited to participate in the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2024|Wiki Loves Folklore 2024]]''' an international photography contest organized on Wikimedia Commons to document folklore and intangible cultural heritage from different regions, including, folk creative activities and many more. It is held every year from the '''1st till the 31st''' of March. You can help in enriching the folklore documentation on Commons from your region by taking photos, audios, videos, and [https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UploadWizard&campaign=wlf_2024 submitting] them in this commons contest. You can also [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2024/Organize|organize a local contest]] in your country and support us in translating the [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2024/Translations|project pages]] to help us spread the word in your native language. Feel free to contact us on our [[:c:Commons talk:Wiki Loves Folklore 2024|project Talk page]] if you need any assistance. '''Kind regards,''' '''Wiki loves Folklore International Team''' -- [[Ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|ṅkátá]]) 07:26, 18 Jenụwarị 2024 (UTC) </div></div> <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=23942484 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Vote on the Charter for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - voting opens|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - voting opens}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Hello all, I am reaching out to you today to announce that the voting period for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) Charter is now open. Community members may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter/Voter_information|cast their vote and provide comments about the charter via SecurePoll]] now through '''2 February 2024'''. Those of you who voiced your opinions during the development of the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|UCoC Enforcement Guidelines]] will find this process familiar. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|current version of the U4C Charter]] is on Meta-wiki with translations available. Read the charter, go vote and share this note with others in your community. I can confidently say the U4C Building Committee looks forward to your participation. On behalf of the UCoC Project team,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 18:08, 19 Jenụwarị 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=25853527 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Last days to vote on the Charter for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - voting reminder|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - voting reminder}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Hello all, I am reaching out to you today to remind you that the voting period for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) charter will close on '''2 February 2024'''. Community members may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter/Voter_information|cast their vote and provide comments about the charter via SecurePoll]]. Those of you who voiced your opinions during the development of the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|UCoC Enforcement Guidelines]] will find this process familiar. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|current version of the U4C charter]] is on Meta-wiki with translations available. Read the charter, go vote and share this note with others in your community. I can confidently say the U4C Building Committee looks forward to your participation. On behalf of the UCoC Project team,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 17:00, 31 Jenụwarị 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=25853527 --> == Nkwupụta nsonaazụ nke UCoC Coordinating Committee Charter ratification vote == <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - results|Ị nwere ike ịchọta ozi a ka a tụgharịrị n'asụsụ ndị ọzọ na Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - results}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Ezigbo mmadụ niile, Daalụ onye ọ bụla maka ịgbaso ọganihu nke Usoro ụkpụrụ omume zuru ụwa ọnụ. Ana m edegara gị akwụkwọ ozi taa ka m kwupụta nsonaazụ [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter/Voter_information|votu nkwado]] na [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee Charter]]. Ndị ntinye aka 1746 tụrụ vootu na ntuli aka nkwado a yana ndị 1249 na-akwado Charter na ndị 420 akwadoghị. Usoro nkwado nkwado nyere ndị ntuli aka inye nkọwa gbasara Charter. A ga-ebipụta akụkọ gbasara ọnụ ọgụgụ ịtụ vootu na nchịkọta nkọwa ndị ntuli aka na Meta-wiki n'izu ndị na-abịa. Biko na-atụ anya ịnụ maka usoro ndị ọzọ n'oge adịghị anya. N'aha ndị otu UCoC Project,<section end="announcement-content" /> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 18:23, 12 Febụwarị 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26160150 --> == Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2024: We are back! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:UCDM 2024 general.jpg|180px|right]] {{int:please-translate}} Hello, dear Wikipedians!<br/> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the forth edition of writing challenge "'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2024|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''", which lasts from 1st until 31st March 2024. The campaign is dedicated to famous Ukrainian artists of cinema, music, literature, architecture, design and cultural phenomena of Ukraine that are now part of world heritage. We accept contribution in every language! The most active contesters will receive prizes.<br/> We invite you to take part and help us improve the coverage of Ukrainian culture on Wikipedia in your language! Also, we plan to set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/UCDM 2024|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in such a challenge! [[:m:User:ValentynNefedov (WMUA)|ValentynNefedov (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:ValentynNefedov (WMUA)|talk]]) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ValentynNefedov (WMUA)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=26166467 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Report of the U4C Charter ratification and U4C Call for Candidates now available</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – call for candidates| You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – call for candidates}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Hello all, I am writing to you today with two important pieces of information. First, the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Vote results|report of the comments from the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) Charter ratification]] is now available. Secondly, the call for candidates for the U4C is open now through April 1, 2024. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. Community members are invited to submit their applications for the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]]. Per the charter, there are 16 seats on the U4C: eight community-at-large seats and eight regional seats to ensure the U4C represents the diversity of the movement. Read more and submit your application on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024|Meta-wiki]]. On behalf of the UCoC project team,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 16:25, 5 Maachị 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26276337 --> == Nhọrọ Board of Trustees nke 2024 Wikimedia Foundation == <section begin="announcement-content" /> : ''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Selection announcement| Ị nwere ike ịhụ ozi a ka a tụgharịrị n'asụsụ ndị ọzọ na Meta-wiki.]]'' : ''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Selection announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Selection announcement}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Mmadụ niile, N'afọ a, ọkwa nke 4 (anọ) nke ngalaba otu - na Mgbakwunye-nhọpụta ndị nlekọta na Board of Trustees Wikimedia Foundation ga-abịa na njedebe [1]. Ndị Bọọdụ na-akpọ òtù niile òkù ka ha sonye na usoro nhọpụta nke afọ a na votu iji mejupụta oche ndị ahụ. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee|Kọmitii Ntuliaka]] ga-ahụ maka usoro a site na nkwado ndị ọrụ Foundation [2]. Kọmitii na-ahụ maka nchịkwa ahụ mepụtara otu ndị na-arụ ọrụ ọrụ Board site na ndị nlekọta ndị na-enweghị ike ịbụ ndị na-adọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ntuliaka na otu ngalaba -na mpaghara nke ndị mmekọ ahọpụtara onye nlekọta nke Dariusz Jemielniak, Nataliia Tymkiv, Esra'a Al Shafei, Kathy Collins na Shani Evenstein Sigalov. [3]. Enyere otu a ọrụ inye nlekọta Bọọdụ maka usoro nhọpụta ndị nnọchi anya 2024, yana ime ka ndị Board mara ihe n'eme. Nkọwa ndị ọzọ gbasara ọrụ nke Kọmitii ntuliaka, Bọọdụ, na ndị ọrụ nọ ebe a [4]. Nke a bụ isi ụbọchị akwadoro: * Mee 2024: ịkpọ oku ndị chọrọ ịdọ ndọrọ ndọrọ na ịnabata ajụjụ * June 2024: Ndị mmekọ atụọ vootu iji nweta ndị ga-azọ ọkwa iri na abụọ (enweghị ndepụta aha ma ọ bụrụ na ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ mmadụiri na ise ma ọ bụ erughi bụ ndị tinyere akwụkwọ) [5] * Juun-Ọgọọst 2024: Oge mkpọsa * Ngwụcha Ọgọọst / mmalite nke Septemba 2024: Oge ịtụ vootu ngalaba otu izu abụọ * Ọktoba–Nọvemba 2024: Nyocha mmetụtara nke ndị ahọpụtara * Nzukọ otu Board na Disemba 2024: Ndị nlekọta ọhụrụ nọ nụ Matakwuo maka usoro nhọpụta nke 2024 - gụnyere usoro iheomume zuru ezu, usoro nhọpụta, iwu mkpọsa, na ntuziaka ntozu ndị ntuliaka - na [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024|ibe Meta-wiki a]], wee mee atụmatụ gị. '''Ntuliaka ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo ''' Ụzọ ọzọ ị ga-esi tinye aka na usoro nhọpụta 2024 bụ ịbụ onye ọrụ afọ ofufo. Ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo bụ ihe nnọchianya n'etiti kọmitii ntuliaka na ngalaba otu ha. Ha na-enyere aka hụ na ndị obodo ha nọchitere anya ma kpọkọta ha ka ha mee ntuliaka. Mụtakwuo maka mmemme yana otu ị ga-esi sonyere na [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Election Volunteers|ibe Meta-wiki]]. Ezi echiche, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Pundit|Dariusz Jemielniak]] (Onye isi oche kọmitii ọchịchị, otu ndị na-arụ ọrụ nhọrọ bọọdụ) [1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2021/Results#Elected [2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Committee:Elections_Committee_Charter [3] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Minutes:2023-08-15#Governance_Committee [4] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections_committee/Roles [5] Ọ bụ ezie na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ dị mma bụ iri na abụọ maka ohere oche, usoro ntinye aha ga-akpalite ma ọ bụrụ na e nwere ihe karịrị ntinye iri na ise ndị ​​na-apụta maka ntuliaka n'ihi na ndị otu ruo atọ na-ewepụ nwere ike iche na ọ bụ ndị a na-achụpụ achụpụ nakwa ọ ga-abụ nnukwu ọrụ maka nye Ndị mmekọ na-eme usoro ntinye aha iji kpochapụ naanị otu ruo mmadụ atọ na listi ndị a ga-ahọrọ.<section end="announcement-content" /> [[User:MPossoupe_(WMF)|MPossoupe_(WMF)]]19:57, 12 Maachị 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:MPossoupe (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26349432 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Your wiki will be in read-only soon</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="server-switch"/><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will switch the traffic between its data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2024-03-20|en}}'''. The test will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2024-03-20T14:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2024-03-20T14:00}}]'''. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2024-03-20|en}}. *If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. * We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. There will be more notifications about this. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. '''Please share this information with your community.'''</div><section end="server-switch"/> </div> [[user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]], 00:01, 15 Maachị 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=25636619 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Vote now to select members of the first U4C</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – vote opens|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – vote opens}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Dear all, I am writing to you to let you know the voting period for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is open now through May 9, 2024. Read the information on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024|voting page on Meta-wiki]] to learn more about voting and voter eligibility. The Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. Community members were invited to submit their applications for the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well. On behalf of the UCoC project team,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 20:21, 25 Eprel 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26390244 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Sign up for the language community meeting on May 31st, 16:00 UTC</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="message"/>Hello all, The next language community meeting is scheduled in a few weeks - May 31st at 16:00 UTC. If you're interested, you can [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=Wikimedia_Language_engineering/Community_meetings#31_May_2024 sign up on this wiki page]. This is a participant-driven meeting, where we share language-specific updates related to various projects, collectively discuss technical issues related to language wikis, and work together to find possible solutions. For example, in the last meeting, the topics included the machine translation service (MinT) and the languages and models it currently supports, localization efforts from the Kiwix team, and technical challenges with numerical sorting in files used on Bengali Wikisource. Do you have any ideas for topics to share technical updates related to your project? Any problems that you would like to bring for discussion during the meeting? Do you need interpretation support from English to another language? Please reach out to me at ssethi(__AT__)wikimedia.org and [[etherpad:p/language-community-meeting-may-2024|add agenda items to the document here]]. We look forward to your participation! <section end="message"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:22, 14 Mee 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:SSethi (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26390244 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Feedback invited on Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle/Invitation for feedback (MM)|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle/Invitation for feedback (MM)}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' [[File:Sibling Project Lifecycle Conversation 3.png|150px|right|link=:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle]] Dear community members, The [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee|Community Affairs Committee]] (CAC) of the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees|Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees]] invites you to give feedback on a '''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle|draft Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle]]'''. This draft Procedure outlines proposed steps and requirements for opening and closing Wikimedia Sibling Projects, and aims to ensure any newly approved projects are set up for success. This is separate from the procedures for opening or closing language versions of projects, which is handled by the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Language committee|Language Committee]] or [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Closing_projects_policy|closing projects policy]]. You can find the details on [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle#Review|this page]], as well as the ways to give your feedback from today until the end of the day on '''June 23, 2024''', anywhere on Earth. You can also share information about this with the interested project communities you work with or support, and you can also help us translate the procedure into more languages, so people can join the discussions in their own language. On behalf of the CAC,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 02:25, 22 Mee 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26390244 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Announcing the first Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – results|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – results}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Hello, The scrutineers have finished reviewing the vote results. We are following up with the results of the first [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) election]]. We are pleased to announce the following individuals as regional members of the U4C, who will fulfill a two-year term: * North America (USA and Canada) ** – * Northern and Western Europe ** [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Ghilt|Ghilt]] * Latin America and Caribbean ** – * Central and East Europe (CEE) ** — * Sub-Saharan Africa ** – * Middle East and North Africa ** [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Ibrahim.ID|Ibrahim.ID]] * East, South East Asia and Pacific (ESEAP) ** [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:0xDeadbeef|0xDeadbeef]] * South Asia ** – The following individuals are elected to be community-at-large members of the U4C, fulfilling a one-year term: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Barkeep49|Barkeep49]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Superpes15|Superpes15]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Civvì|Civvì]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Luke081515|Luke081515]] * – * – * – * – Thank you again to everyone who participated in this process and much appreciation to the candidates for your leadership and dedication to the Wikimedia movement and community. Over the next few weeks, the U4C will begin meeting and planning the 2024-25 year in supporting the implementation and review of the UCoC and Enforcement Guidelines. Follow their work on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Meta-wiki]]. On behalf of the UCoC project team,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 08:14, 3 Jụn 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26390244 --> == Invitation to participate in the #WPWPCampaign 2024 == Dear community members, We are inviting you to participate in the Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2024 campaign, a global contest scheduled to run from July through August 2024: Participants will choose among Wikipedia pages without photo images, then add a suitable file from among the many thousands of photos in the Wikimedia Commons, especially those uploaded from thematic contests (Wiki Loves Africa, Wiki Loves Earth, Wiki Loves Folklore, etc.) over the years. In its first year (2020), 36 Wikimedia communities in 27 countries joined the campaign. Events relating to the campaign included training organized by at least 18 Wikimedia communities in 14 countries. The campaign resulted in the addition of media files (photos, audios and videos) to more than 90,000 Wikipedia articles in 272 languages. Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos (WPWP) offers an ideal task for recruiting and guiding new editors through the steps of adding content to existing pages. Besides individual participation, the WPWP campaign can be used by user groups and chapters to organize editing workshops and edit-a-thons. The organizing team is looking for a contact person to coordinate WPWP participation your language Wikipedia. We’d be glad for you to sign up directly at [[:meta:Wikipedia_Pages_Wanting_Photos_2024/Participating_Communities|WPWP Participating Communities page]] on Meta-Wiki. Thank you, [[:w:en:User:Reading Beans|Reading Beans]] / readthebeans{{@}}gmail.com)<br/> Project manager and coordinator<br/> Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2024 <!-- Message sent by User:Ammarpad@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia_Pages_Wanting_Photos/Distribution_list&oldid=26836490 --> == Ndepụta ikpeazụ nke Wikimedia Movement Charter dị ugbu a na Meta == <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Final draft available|Ị nwere ike ịchọta ozi a ka atụgharịrị n'asụsụ ndị ọzọ na Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Final draft available}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Ndewo onye ọ bụla, Ndepụta ikpeazụ nke [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|Wikimedia Movement Charter]] dị ugbu a na Meta n'ihe karịrị asụsụ iri abụọ maka ọgụgụ gị. '''Gịnị bụ Movement Charter Wikimedia?''' Movement Charter Wikimedia bụ akwụkwọ atụpụtara iji kọwapụta ọrụ na ọrụ dịịrị ndị otu na ngalaba niile nke Wikimedia, tinyere imepụta otu ọhụrụ – Global Council – maka ọchịchị Otu a. '''Sonye na "Mmemme Mwepụta mbụ" nke Wikimedia Movement Charter''' Soro [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Movement Charter Launch Party|“Mmemme Mwepụta mbụ”]] na ''June 20, 2024'' na ''14.00-15.00 UTC'' ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1718892000 oge mpaghara gị]). N'oge oku a, anyị ga-eme ememe mwepụta nke Charter ikpeazụ ma gosịpụta ọdịnaya nke Charter. Soro ma mụta maka Charter a tupu ịtụọ vootu gị. '''Votu nkwado Movement Charter ''' Ịtụ vootu ga amalite na Securepoll na '''Juun 25, 2024''' na '''00:01 UTC''' ma ọ ga akwụsị '''Jụlaị 9, 2024''' na '''23:59 UTC.''' Ị nwere ike ịgụkwu gbasara [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Ratification/Voting|usoro ịtụ vootu, ikike ntozu, na nkọwa ndị ọzọ]] na Meta. Inwe ajụjụ ọbụla, Debanye ozi gị na [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Movement Charter|Meta talk page]] ma ọ bụ zigara ndị MCDC emailụ na [mailto:mcdc@wikimedia.org mcdc@wikimedia.org]. N'aha MCDC,<section end="announcement-content" /> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 08:44, 11 Jụn 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26390244 --> == Ịtụ vootu iji nabata Movement Charter Wikimedia amalitela ugbu a - tụọ vootu gị == <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Ratification vote opens|Ị nwere ike ịchọta ozi a ka atụgharịrị n'asụsụ ndị ọzọ na Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Ratification vote opens}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Ndewo onye ọ bụla, Ịtụ vootu iji nabata [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|'''Wikimedia Movement Charter''']] amalitela ugbu a. Movement Charter Wikimedia bụ akwụkwọ iji kọwapụta ọrụ na ọrụ dịịrị ndị otu na ngalaba niile nke otu Wikimedia, gụnyere imepụta otu ọhụrụ – Council Global – maka ọchịchị Otu a. Ndepụta ikpeazụ nke Wikimedia Movement Charter [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|adịla na Meta n'asụsụ dị iche iche]]. Ịtụ vootu ga amalite na Securepoll na '''Juun 25, 2024''' na '''00:01 UTC''' ma ọ ga akwụsị '''Jụlaị 9, 2024''' na '''23:59 UTC.''' Biko gụkwuo gbasara [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Ratification/Voting|usoro ịtụ vootu na nkọwagasị ikike ntozu ]] na Meta. Ịgụchaa Charter a, biko [[m:Special:SecurePoll/vote/398|'''ie vootu ebe a''']] ma bawanye ikesa ederede a. Ọ bụrụ na ị nwere ajụjụ ọ bụla gbasara votu nnabata, biko kpọtụrụ Charter Electoral Commission na [mailto:cec@wikimedia.org '''cec@wikimedia.org''']. N'aha CEC,<section end="announcement-content" /> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 10:51, 25 Jụn 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26989444 --> == Ịtụ vootu iji kwado usoro Nnabata nke Wikimedia Movement Charter na-akwụsị n'oge na-adịghị anya == <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Final reminder|Ị nwere ike ịchọta ozi a ka atụgharịrị n'asụsụ ndị ọzọ na Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Final reminder}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Ndewo onye ọ bụla, Nke a bụ n'udi ichetara gị na oge ịtụ vootu iji kwado nnabata [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|Wikimedia Movement Charter]] ga-emechi na '''Julaị 9, 2024''', na '''23:59 UTC'''. Ọ bụrụ na ị tụghị vootu, biko tụọ [[m:Special:SecurePoll/vote/398|na SecurePoll]]. N'aha [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Ratification/Voting#Electoral_Commission|Charter Electoral Commission]],<section end="announcement-content" /> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 03:45, 8 Julaị 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26989444 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">U4C Special Election - Call for Candidates</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – call for candidates|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – call for candidates}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Hello all, A special election has been called to fill additional vacancies on the U4C. The call for candidates phase is open from now through July 19, 2024. The [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the [[:foundation:Wikimedia Foundation Universal Code of Conduct|UCoC]]. Community members are invited to submit their applications in the special election for the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, please review the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|U4C Charter]]. In this special election, according to [[Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter#2. Elections and Terms|chapter 2 of the U4C charter]], there are 9 seats available on the U4C: '''four''' community-at-large seats and '''five''' regional seats to ensure the U4C represents the diversity of the movement. [[Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter#5. Glossary|No more than two members of the U4C can be elected from the same home wiki]]. Therefore, candidates must not have English Wikipedia, German Wikipedia, or Italian Wikipedia as their home wiki. Read more and submit your application on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election|Meta-wiki]]. In cooperation with the U4C,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 00:03, 10 Julaị 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26989444 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Wikimedia Movement Charter ratification voting results</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Results of the ratification vote|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Results of the ratification vote}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Hello everyone, After carefully tallying both individual and affiliate votes, the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Ratification/Voting#Electoral Commission|Charter Electoral Commission]] is pleased to announce the final results of the Wikimedia Movement Charter voting.   As [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Movement Charter#Thank you for your participation in the Movement Charter ratification vote!|communicated]] by the Charter Electoral Commission, we reached the quorum for both Affiliate and individual votes by the time the vote closed on '''July 9, 23:59 UTC'''. We thank all 2,451 individuals and 129 Affiliate representatives who voted in the ratification process. Your votes and comments are invaluable for the future steps in Movement Strategy. The final results of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|Wikimedia Movement Charter]] ratification voting held between 25 June and 9 July 2024 are as follows: '''Individual vote:''' Out of 2,451 individuals who voted as of July 9 23:59 (UTC), 2,446 have been accepted as valid votes. Among these, '''1,710''' voted “yes”; '''623''' voted “no”; and '''113''' selected “–” (neutral). Because the neutral votes don’t count towards the total number of votes cast, 73.30% voted to approve the Charter (1710/2333), while 26.70% voted to reject the Charter (623/2333). '''Affiliates vote:''' Out of 129 Affiliates designated voters who voted as of July 9 23:59 (UTC), 129 votes are confirmed as valid votes. Among these, '''93''' voted “yes”; '''18''' voted “no”; and '''18''' selected “–” (neutral). Because the neutral votes don’t count towards the total number of votes cast, 83.78% voted to approve the Charter (93/111), while 16.22% voted to reject the Charter (18/111). '''Board of Trustees of the Wikimedia Foundation:''' The Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees voted '''not to ratify''' the proposed Charter during their special Board meeting on July 8, 2024. The Chair of the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees, Nataliia Tymkiv, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Board_noticeboard/Board_resolution_and_vote_on_the_proposed_Movement_Charter|shared the result of the vote, the resolution, meeting minutes and proposed next steps]].   With this, the Wikimedia Movement Charter in its current revision is '''not ratified'''. We thank you for your participation in this important moment in our movement’s governance. The Charter Electoral Commission, [[m:User:Abhinav619|Abhinav619]], [[m:User:Borschts|Borschts]], [[m:User:Iwuala Lucy|Iwuala Lucy]], [[m:User:Tochiprecious|Tochiprecious]], [[m:User:Der-Wir-Ing|Der-Wir-Ing]]<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[Ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|ṅkátá]]) 17:52, 18 Julaị 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26989444 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Vote now to fill vacancies of the first U4C</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – voting opens|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – voting opens}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Dear all, I am writing to you to let you know the voting period for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is open now through '''August 10, 2024'''. Read the information on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election|voting page on Meta-wiki]] to learn more about voting and voter eligibility. The Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. Community members were invited to submit their applications for the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well. In cooperation with the U4C,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 02:46, 27 Julaị 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26989444 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Reminder! Vote closing soon to fill vacancies of the first U4C</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – reminder to vote|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – reminder to vote}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Dear all, The voting period for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is closing soon. It is open through 10 August 2024. Read the information on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2024_Special_Election#Voting|the voting page on Meta-wiki to learn more about voting and voter eligibility]]. If you are eligible to vote and have not voted in this special election, it is important that you vote now. '''Why should you vote?''' The U4C is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. Community input into the committee membership is critical to the success of the UCoC. Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well. In cooperation with the U4C,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 15:30, 6 Ọgọọst 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27183190 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Coming soon: A new sub-referencing feature – try it!</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="Sub-referencing"/> [[File:Sub-referencing reuse visual.png|{{#ifeq:{{#dir}}|ltr|right|left}}|400px]] Hello. For many years, community members have requested an easy way to re-use references with different details. Now, a MediaWiki solution is coming: The new sub-referencing feature will work for wikitext and Visual Editor and will enhance the existing reference system. You can continue to use different ways of referencing, but you will probably encounter sub-references in articles written by other users. More information on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|the project page]]. '''We want your feedback''' to make sure this feature works well for you: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Test|Please try]] the current state of development on beta wiki and [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|let us know what you think]]. * [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing/Sign-up|Sign up here]] to get updates and/or invites to participate in user research activities. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]’s [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes]] team is planning to bring this feature to Wikimedia wikis later this year. We will reach out to creators/maintainers of tools and templates related to references beforehand. Please help us spread the message. --[[m:User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|Johannes Richter (WMDE)]] ([[m:User talk:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|talk]]) 10:36, 19 August 2024 (UTC) <section end="Sub-referencing"/> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johannes_Richter_(WMDE)/Sub-referencing/massmessage_list&oldid=27309345 --> == Sign up for the language community meeting on August 30th, 15:00 UTC == Hi all, The next language community meeting is scheduled in a few weeks—on August 30th at 15:00 UTC. If you're interested in joining, you can [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community_meetings#30_August_2024 sign up on this wiki page]. This participant-driven meeting will focus on sharing language-specific updates related to various projects, discussing technical issues related to language wikis, and working together to find possible solutions. For example, in the last meeting, topics included the Language Converter, the state of language research, updates on the Incubator conversations, and technical challenges around external links not working with special characters on Bengali sites. Do you have any ideas for topics to share technical updates or discuss challenges? Please add agenda items to the document [https://etherpad.wikimedia.org/p/language-community-meeting-aug-2024 here] and reach out to ssethi(__AT__)wikimedia.org. We look forward to your participation! [[Ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|ṅkátá]]) 23:19, 22 Ọgọọst 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:SSethi (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27183190 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Announcing the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/board-elections@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/OKCCN2CANIH2K7DXJOL2GPVDFWL27R7C/ Original message at wikimedia-l]. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement - results|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement - results}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Hello all, The scrutineers have finished reviewing the vote and the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Elections Committee|Elections Committee]] have certified the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Results|results]] for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) special election]]. I am pleased to announce the following individual as regional members of the U4C, who will fulfill a term until 15 June 2026: * North America (USA and Canada) ** Ajraddatz The following seats were not filled during this special election: * Latin America and Caribbean * Central and East Europe (CEE) * Sub-Saharan Africa * South Asia * The four remaining Community-At-Large seats Thank you again to everyone who participated in this process and much appreciation to the candidates for your leadership and dedication to the Wikimedia movement and community. Over the next few weeks, the U4C will begin meeting and planning the 2024-25 year in supporting the implementation and review of the UCoC and Enforcement Guidelines. You can follow their work on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Meta-Wiki]]. On behalf of the U4C and the Elections Committee,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 14:05, 2 Septemba 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27183190 --> == Nwee nkwuwa okwu gị: tụọ votu maka bọọdụ ndị nlekọta 2024! == <section begin="announcement-content" /> Ndewo nụ, Oge ịtụ vootu maka [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024|2024 Board of Trustees]] emegheela ugbu a. Enwere mmadụ iri na abụọ (12) na-azọ ọkwa maka nnọchiteanya oche anọ (4) na Board. Mụtakwuo maka ndị na-azọ ọkwa nnọchiteanya site na [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Candidates|ịgụ nkwupụta ha]] na [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2024/Questions_for_candidates | azịza nke ajụjụ ngalaba otu]]. Mgbe ị dị njikere, wee gaa na ibe ntụli aka [[Special:SecurePoll/vote/400|SecurePoll]] iji mee ntuliaka. '''Votu a na-emeghe site na Septemba 3 na 00:00 UTC ruo Septemba 17 na 23:59 UTC'''. Iji lelee ntozu ime ntuliaka gị, biko gaa na [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2024/Voter_eligibility_guidelines|ibe ntozu ndị n'eme ntuliaka]]. Yagazie Kọmitii n'ahụ maka Ntuliaka Na Board Selection Working Group<section end="announcement-content" /> [[Ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|ṅkátá]]) 12:14, 3 Septemba 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27183190 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Your wiki will be in read-only soon</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="server-switch"/><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will switch the traffic between its data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2024-09-25|en}}'''. The switch will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2024-09-25T15:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2024-09-25T15:00}}]'''. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. This banner will remain visible until the end of the operation. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2024-09-25|en}}. *If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. * We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. '''Please share this information with your community.'''</div><section end="server-switch"/> </div> [[User:Trizek_(WMF)|Trizek_(WMF)]], 09:37, 20 Septemba 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=27248326 --> == 'Wikidata item' link is moving. Find out where... == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><i>Apologies for cross-posting in English. Please consider translating this message.</i>{{tracked|T66315}} Hello everyone, a small change will soon be coming to the user-interface of your Wikimedia project. The [[d:Q16222597|Wikidata item]] [[w:|sitelink]] currently found under the <span style="color: #54595d;"><u>''General''</u></span> section of the '''Tools''' sidebar menu will move into the <span style="color: #54595d;"><u>''In Other Projects''</u></span> section. We would like the Wiki communities feedback so please let us know or ask questions on the [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Move_Wikidata_item_link|Discussion page]] before we enable the change which can take place October 4 2024, circa 15:00 UTC+2. More information can be found on [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Move_Wikidata_item_link|the project page]].<br><br>We welcome your feedback and questions.<br> [[Ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|ṅkátá]]) 18:57, 27 Septemba 2024 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_Test_List&oldid=27524260 --> == Invitation to Participate in Wiki Loves Ramadan Community Engagement Survey == Dear all, Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. We are excited to announce the upcoming [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan|Wiki Loves Ramadan]] event, a global initiative aimed at celebrating Ramadan by enriching Wikipedia and its sister projects with content related to this significant time of year. As we plan to organize this event globally, your insights and experiences are crucial in shaping the best possible participation experience for the community. To ensure that Wiki Loves Ramadan is engaging, inclusive, and impactful, we kindly invite you to participate in our community engagement survey. Your feedback will help us understand the needs of the community, set the event's focus, and guide our strategies for organizing this global event. Survey link: https://forms.gle/f66MuzjcPpwzVymu5 Please take a few minutes to share your thoughts. Your input will make a difference! Thank you for being a part of our journey to make Wiki Loves Ramadan a success. Warm regards, User:ZI Jony 03:20, 6 Ọktoba 2024 (UTC) Wiki Loves Ramadan Organizing Team <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=27510935 --> == Mpụtaara mbụ nke ntuliaka Board of Trustees Wikimedia Foundation 2024 == <section begin="announcement-content" /> Ndewo nụ, Ekene dịrị onye ọ bụla sonyere na Ntuliaka nke 2024 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees. Ihe ruru ndị ngalaba otu nke 6000 sitere na ihe karịrị ọrụ wiki 180 tụrụ vootu. Ndị nsonye anọ a na-azọ ọkwa bụ ndị a kacha tụọrọ vootu: # [[User:Kritzolina|Christel Steigenberger]] # [[User:Nadzik|Maciej Artur Nadzikiewicz]] # [[User:Victoria|Victoria Doronina]] # [[User:Laurentius|Lorenzo Losa]] Ọ bụ ezie na a họpụtara ndị a site na ntuliaka, a ka chọrọ ka a họpụta ha na Board of Trustees. Ha kwesịrị ịgafe nnyocha nke ọma ma mezuo iru ogo ndị edepụtara na Iwu. A ga-ahọpụta ndị nnọchiteanya ọhụrụ na nzukọ Board ọzọ na Disemba 2024. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2024/Results|Gụkwuo gbasara mpụtaara a na Meta-Wiki]] Yagazie Kọmitii n'ahụ maka Ntuliaka Na Board Selection Working Group <section end="announcement-content" /> [[User:MPossoupe_(WMF)|MPossoupe_(WMF)]] 08:25, 14 Ọktoba 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:MPossoupe (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27183190 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Seeking volunteers to join several of the movement’s committees</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Each year, typically from October through December, several of the movement’s committees seek new volunteers. Read more about the committees on their Meta-wiki pages: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee|Affiliations Committee (AffCom)]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ombuds_commission|Ombuds commission (OC)]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Community Resilience and Sustainability/Trust and Safety/Case Review Committee|Case Review Committee (CRC)]] Applications for the committees open on 16 October 2024. Applications for the Affiliations Committee close on 18 November 2024, and applications for the Ombuds commission and the Case Review Committee close on 2 December 2024. Learn how to apply by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation/Legal/Committee_appointments|visiting the appointment page on Meta-wiki]]. Post to the talk page or email [mailto:cst@wikimedia.org cst@wikimedia.org] with any questions you may have. For the Committee Support team, <section end="announcement-content" /> </div> -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 23:07, 16 Ọktoba 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27601062 --> == 'Wikidata item' link is moving, finally. == Hello everyone, I previously wrote on the 27th September to advise that the ''Wikidata item'' sitelink will change places in the sidebar menu, moving from the '''General''' section into the '''In Other Projects''' section. The scheduled rollout date of 04.10.2024 was delayed due to a necessary request for Mobile/MinervaNeue skin. I am happy to inform that the global rollout can now proceed and will occur later today, 22.10.2024 at 15:00 UTC-2. [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Move_Wikidata_item_link|Please let us know]] if you notice any problems or bugs after this change. There should be no need for null-edits or purging cache for the changes to occur. Kind regards, -[[m:User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] 11:29, 22 Ọktoba 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_Test_List&oldid=27535421 --> == Final Reminder: Join us in Making Wiki Loves Ramadan Success == Dear all, We’re thrilled to announce the Wiki Loves Ramadan event, a global initiative to celebrate Ramadan by enhancing Wikipedia and its sister projects with valuable content related to this special time of year. As we organize this event globally, we need your valuable input to make it a memorable experience for the community. Last Call to Participate in Our Survey: To ensure that Wiki Loves Ramadan is inclusive and impactful, we kindly request you to complete our community engagement survey. Your feedback will shape the event’s focus and guide our organizing strategies to better meet community needs. * Survey Link: [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSffN4prPtR5DRSq9nH-t1z8hG3jZFBbySrv32YoxV8KbTwxig/viewform?usp=sf_link Complete the Survey] * Deadline: November 10, 2024 Please take a few minutes to share your thoughts. Your input will truly make a difference! '''Volunteer Opportunity''': Join the Wiki Loves Ramadan Team! We’re seeking dedicated volunteers for key team roles essential to the success of this initiative. If you’re interested in volunteer roles, we invite you to apply. * Application Link: [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfXiox_eEDH4yJ0gxVBgtL7jPe41TINAWYtpNp1JHSk8zhdgw/viewform?usp=sf_link Apply Here] * Application Deadline: October 31, 2024 Explore Open Positions: For a detailed list of roles and their responsibilities, please refer to the position descriptions here: [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1oy0_tilC6kow5GGf6cEuFvdFpekcubCqJlaxkxh-jT4/ Position Descriptions] Thank you for being part of this journey. We look forward to working together to make Wiki Loves Ramadan a success! Warm regards,<br> The Wiki Loves Ramadan Organizing Team 05:11, 29 Ọktoba 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=27568454 --> == Sign up for the language community meeting on November 29th, 16:00 UTC == Hello everyone, The next language community meeting is coming up next week, on November 29th, at 16:00 UTC (Zonestamp! For your timezone <https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1732896000>). If you're interested in joining, you can sign up on this wiki page: <https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community_meetings#29_November_2024>. This participant-driven meeting will be organized by the Wikimedia Foundation’s Language Product Localization team and the Language Diversity Hub. There will be presentations on topics like developing language keyboards, the creation of the Moore Wikipedia, and the language support track at Wiki Indaba. We will also have members from the Wayuunaiki community joining us to share their experiences with the Incubator and as a new community within our movement. This meeting will have a Spanish interpretation. Looking forward to seeing you at the language community meeting! Cheers, [[User:SSethi (WMF)|Srishti]] 19:54, 21 Novemba 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:SSethi (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27746256 --> == Launching! Join Us for Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025! == Dear All, We’re happy to announce the launch of [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025|Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025]], an annual international campaign dedicated to celebrating and preserving Islamic cultures and history through the power of Wikipedia. As an active contributor to the Local Wikipedia, you are specially invited to participate in the launch. This year’s campaign will be launched for you to join us write, edit, and improve articles that showcase the richness and diversity of Islamic traditions, history, and culture. * Topic: [[m:Event:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 Campaign Launch|Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 Campaign Launch]] * When: Jan 19, 2025 * Time: 16:00 Universal Time UTC and runs throughout Ramadan (starting February 25, 2025). * Join Zoom Meeting: https://us02web.zoom.us/j/88420056597?pwd=NdrpqIhrwAVPeWB8FNb258n7qngqqo.1 * Zoom meeting hosted by [[m:Wikimedia Bangladesh|Wikimedia Bangladesh]] To get started, visit the [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025|campaign page]] for details, resources, and guidelines: Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025. Add [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025/Participant|your community here]], and organized Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 in your local language. Whether you’re a first-time editor or an experienced Wikipedian, your contributions matter. Together, we can ensure Islamic cultures and traditions are well-represented and accessible to all. Feel free to invite your community and friends too. Kindly reach out if you have any questions or need support as you prepare to participate. Let’s make Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 a success! For the [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025/Team|International Team]] 12:08, 16 Jenụwarị 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=27568454 --> == Universal Code of Conduct annual review: provide your comments on the UCoC and Enforcement Guidelines == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> My apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}}. I am writing to you to let you know the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines is open now. You can make suggestions for changes through 3 February 2025. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]]. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 01:11, 24 Jenụwarị 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27746256 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2025 starts soon == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2025 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]] ::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <center>''{{int:please-translate}}''</center> Dear Wiki Community, You are humbly invited to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025|Feminism and Folklore 2025]]''' writing competition from February 1, 2025, to March 31, 2025 on your local Wikipedia. This year, Feminism and Folklore will focus on feminism, women's issues, and gender-focused topics for the project, with a [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025|Wiki Loves Folklore]] gender gap focus and a folk culture theme on Wikipedia. You can help Wikipedia's coverage of folklore from your area by writing or improving articles about things like folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, women and queer folklore figures, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales, and more. Users can help create new articles, expand or translate from a generated list of suggested articles. Organisers are requested to work on the following action items to sign up their communities for the project: # Create a page for the contest on the local wiki. # Set up a campaign on '''CampWiz''' tool. # Create the local list and mention the timeline and local and international prizes. # Request local admins for site notice. # Link the local page and the CampWiz link on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025/Project Page|meta project page]]. This year, the Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced two new tools to enhance support for the campaign. These tools include the '''Article List Generator by Topic''' and '''CampWiz'''. The Article List Generator by Topic enables users to identify articles on the English Wikipedia that are not present in their native language Wikipedia. Users can customize their selection criteria, and the tool will present a table showcasing the missing articles along with suggested titles. Additionally, users have the option to download the list in both CSV and wikitable formats. Notably, the CampWiz tool will be employed for the project for the first time, empowering users to effectively host the project with a jury. Both tools are now available for use in the campaign. [https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ '''Click here to access these tools'''] Learn more about the contest and prizes on our [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025|project page]]. Feel free to contact us on our [[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2025/Project Page|meta talk page]] or by email us if you need any assistance. We look forward to your immense coordination. Thank you and Best wishes, '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025|Feminism and Folklore 2025 International Team]]''' ::::Stay connected [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&nbsp; [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] </div></div> --[[Ojiarụ:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:MediaWiki message delivery|ṅkátá]]) 02:35, 29 Jenụwarị 2025 (UTC) == Wiki Loves Folklore is back! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{int:please-translate}} [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]] Dear Wiki Community, You are humbly invited to participate in the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025|Wiki Loves Folklore 2025]]''' an international media contest organized on Wikimedia Commons to document folklore and intangible cultural heritage from different regions, including, folk creative activities and many more. It is held every year from the '''1st till the 31st''' of March. You can help in enriching the folklore documentation on Commons from your region by taking photos, audios, videos, and [https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UploadWizard&campaign=wlf_2025 submitting] them in this commons contest. You can also [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025/Organize|organize a local contest]] in your country and support us in translating the [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025/Translations|project pages]] to help us spread the word in your native language. Feel free to contact us on our [[:c:Commons talk:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025|project Talk page]] if you need any assistance. '''Kind regards,''' '''Wiki loves Folklore International Team''' --[[Ojiarụ:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:MediaWiki message delivery|ṅkátá]]) 02:35, 29 Jenụwarị 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=26503019 --> == Reminder: first part of the annual UCoC review closes soon == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> My apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}}. This is a reminder that the first phase of the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines will be closing soon. You can make suggestions for changes through [[d:Q614092|the end of day]], 3 February 2025. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]]. After review of the feedback, proposals for updated text will be published on Meta in March for another round of community review. Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 00:48, 3 Febụwarị 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28198931 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr"> Upcoming Language Community Meeting (Feb 28th, 14:00 UTC) and Newsletter</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="message"/> Hello everyone! [[File:WP20Symbols WIKI INCUBATOR.svg|right|frameless|150x150px|alt=An image symbolising multiple languages]] We’re excited to announce that the next '''Language Community Meeting''' is happening soon, '''February 28th at 14:00 UTC'''! If you’d like to join, simply sign up on the '''[[mw:Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community_meetings#28_February_2025|wiki page]]'''. This is a participant-driven meeting where we share updates on language-related projects, discuss technical challenges in language wikis, and collaborate on solutions. In our last meeting, we covered topics like developing language keyboards, creating the Moore Wikipedia, and updates from the language support track at Wiki Indaba. '''Got a topic to share?''' Whether it’s a technical update from your project, a challenge you need help with, or a request for interpretation support, we’d love to hear from you! Feel free to '''reply to this message''' or add agenda items to the document '''[[etherpad:p/language-community-meeting-feb-2025|here]]'''. Also, we wanted to highlight that the sixth edition of the Language & Internationalization newsletter (January 2025) is available here: [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/January|Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/January]]. This newsletter provides updates from the October–December 2024 quarter on new feature development, improvements in various language-related technical projects and support efforts, details about community meetings, and ideas for contributing to projects. To stay updated, you can subscribe to the newsletter on its wiki page: [[:mw:Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter|Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter]]. We look forward to your ideas and participation at the language community meeting, see you there! <section end="message"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 08:29, 22 Febụwarị 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:SSethi (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28217779 --> == Universal Code of Conduct annual review: proposed changes are available for comment == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> My apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}}. I am writing to you to let you know that [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/Proposed_Changes|proposed changes]] to the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC) Enforcement Guidelines]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) Charter]] are open for review. '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/Proposed_Changes|You can provide feedback on suggested changes]]''' through the [[d:Q614092|end of day]] on Tuesday, 18 March 2025. This is the second step in the annual review process, the final step will be community voting on the proposed changes. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review|Read more information and find relevant links about the process on the UCoC annual review page on Meta]]. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] 18:51, 7 Maachị 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28307738 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Your wiki will be in read-only soon</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="server-switch"/><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will switch the traffic between its data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2025-03-19|en}}'''. The switch will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2025-03-19T14:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2025-03-19T14:00}}]'''. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. This banner will remain visible until the end of the operation. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2025-03-19|en}}. *If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. * We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. '''Please share this information with your community.'''</div><section end="server-switch"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:15, 14 Maachị 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=28307742 --> == Final proposed modifications to the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter now posted == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> The proposed modifications to the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines]] and the U4C Charter [[m:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/2025/Proposed_Changes|are now on Meta-wiki for community notice]] in advance of the voting period. This final draft was developed from the previous two rounds of community review. Community members will be able to vote on these modifications starting on 17 April 2025. The vote will close on 1 May 2025, and results will be announced no later than 12 May 2025. The U4C election period, starting with a call for candidates, will open immediately following the announcement of the review results. More information will be posted on [[m:Special:MyLanguage//Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election|the wiki page for the election]] soon. Please be advised that this process will require more messages to be sent here over the next two months. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, you may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 02:04, 4 Eprel 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28469465 --> == Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025: Invitation == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:UCDM 2025 general.png|180px|right]] {{int:please-translate}} Hello, dear Wikipedians!<br/> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the fifth edition of writing challenge "'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''", which lasts from '''14th April''' until '''16th May 2025'''. The campaign is dedicated to famous Ukrainian artists of cinema, music, literature, architecture, design, and cultural phenomena of Ukraine that are now part of world heritage. We accept contributions in every language! The most active contesters will receive prizes. If you are interested in coordinating long-term community engagement for the campaign and becoming a local ambassador, we would love to hear from you! Please let us know your interest. <br/> We invite you to take part and help us improve the coverage of Ukrainian culture on Wikipedia in your language! Also, we plan to set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in such a challenge! [[:m:User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|talk]]) </div> 16:11, 16 Eprel 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Hide on Rosé@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:OlesiaLukaniuk_(WMUA)/list_of_wikis&oldid=28552112 --> == Vote now on the revised UCoC Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> The voting period for the revisions to the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines ("UCoC EG") and the UCoC's Coordinating Committee Charter is open now through the end of 1 May (UTC) ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1746162000 find in your time zone]). [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/2025/Voter_information|Read the information on how to participate and read over the proposal before voting]] on the UCoC page on Meta-wiki. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review of the EG and Charter was planned and implemented by the U4C. Further information will be provided in the coming months about the review of the UCoC itself. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, you may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well. In cooperation with the U4C -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 00:34, 17 Eprel 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28469465 --> == Sub-referencing: User testing == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Sub-referencing reuse visual.png|400px|right]] <small>''Apologies for writing in English, please help us by providing a translation below''</small> Hi I’m Johannes from [[:m:Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]'s [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes team]]. We are making great strides with the new [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|sub-referencing feature]] and we’d love to invite you to take part in two activities to help us move this work further: #'''Try it out and share your feedback''' #:[[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing# Test the prototype|Please try]] the updated ''wikitext'' feature [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Sub-referencing on the beta wiki] and let us know what you think, either [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|on our talk page]] or by [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/talktotechwish booking a call] with our UX researcher. #'''Get a sneak peak and help shape the ''Visual Editor'' user designs''' #:Help us test the new design prototypes by participating in user sessions – [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/gxk0taud/apply sign up here to receive an invite]. We're especially hoping to speak with people from underrepresented and diverse groups. If that's you, please consider signing up! No prior or extensive editing experience is required. User sessions will start ''May 14th''. We plan to bring this feature to Wikimedia wikis later this year. We’ll reach out to wikis for piloting in time for deployments. Creators and maintainers of reference-related tools and templates will be contacted beforehand as well. Thank you very much for your support and encouragement so far in helping bring this feature to life! </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|Johannes Richter (WMDE)]] ([[User talk:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|talk]])</bdi> 15:03, 28 Eprel 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johannes_Richter_(WMDE)/Sub-referencing/massmessage_list&oldid=28628657 --> == Vote on proposed modifications to the UCoC Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter == <section begin="announcement-content" /> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> The voting period for the revisions to the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter closes on 1 May 2025 at 23:59 UTC ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1746162000 find in your time zone]). [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2025/Voter information|Read the information on how to participate and read over the proposal before voting]] on the UCoC page on Meta-wiki. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, you may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]]. </div> Biko kesaa ozi a na nye ndị ngalaba otu asụsụ gị n'asụsụ gị, dịka o kwesịrị, ka ha wee nwee ike isonye. Na njikọ aka nke ndị Otu U4C <section end="announcement-content" /> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 03:41, 29 Eprel 2025 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28618011 --> == We will be enabling the new Charts extension on your wiki soon! == ''(Apologies for posting in English)'' Hi all! We have good news to share regarding the ongoing problem with graphs and charts affecting all wikis that use them. As you probably know, the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|old Graph extension]] was disabled in 2023 [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EWL4AGBEZEDMNNFTM4FRD4MHOU3CVESO/|due to security reasons]]. We’ve worked in these two years to find a solution that could replace the old extension, and provide a safer and better solution to users who wanted to showcase graphs and charts in their articles. We therefore developed the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Charts extension]], which will be replacing the old Graph extension and potentially also the [[:mw:Extension:EasyTimeline|EasyTimeline extension]]. After successfully deploying the extension on Italian, Swedish, and Hebrew Wikipedia, as well as on MediaWiki.org, as part of a pilot phase, we are now happy to announce that we are moving forward with the next phase of deployment, which will also include your wiki. The deployment will happen in batches, and will start from '''May 6'''. Please, consult [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project#Deployment Timeline|our page on MediaWiki.org]] to discover when the new Charts extension will be deployed on your wiki. You can also [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|consult the documentation]] about the extension on MediaWiki.org. If you have questions, need clarifications, or just want to express your opinion about it, please refer to the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension_talk:Chart/Project|project’s talk page on Mediawiki.org]], or ping me directly under this thread. If you encounter issues using Charts once it gets enabled on your wiki, please report it on the [[:mw:Extension_talk:Chart/Project|talk page]] or at [[phab:tag/charts|Phabricator]]. Thank you in advance! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 15:08, 6 Mee 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sannita_(WMF)/Mass_sending_test&oldid=28663781 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Call for Candidates for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> The results of voting on the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines and Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) Charter is [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2025#Results|available on Meta-wiki]]. You may now [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025/Candidates|submit your candidacy to serve on the U4C]] through 29 May 2025 at 12:00 UTC. Information about [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025|eligibility, process, and the timeline are on Meta-wiki]]. Voting on candidates will open on 1 June 2025 and run for two weeks, closing on 15 June 2025 at 12:00 UTC. If you have any questions, you can ask on [[m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025|the discussion page for the election]]. -- in cooperation with the U4C, </div><section end="announcement-content" /> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|ṅkátá]])</bdi> 22:07, 15 Mee 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28618011 --> == RfC ongoing regarding Abstract Wikipedia (and your project) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''(Apologies for posting in English, if this is not your first language)'' Hello all! We opened a discussion on Meta about a very delicate issue for the development of [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia]]: where to store the abstract content that will be developed through functions from Wikifunctions and data from Wikidata. Since some of the hypothesis involve your project, we wanted to hear your thoughts too. We want to make the decision process clear: we do not yet know which option we want to use, which is why we are consulting here. We will take the arguments from the Wikimedia communities into account, and we want to consult with the different communities and hear arguments that will help us with the decision. The decision will be made and communicated after the consultation period by the Foundation. You can read the various hypothesis and have your say at [[:m:Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content|Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content]]. Thank you in advance! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|<span class="signature-talk">{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}</span>]]) 15:26, 22 Mee 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sannita_(WMF)/Mass_sending_test&oldid=28768453 --> == Ntuliaka Nhọpụta ndị Otu nlekọta atụkwasara obi nke Wikimedia Foundation 2025 & Òkù nnabata ajụjụ == <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Selection announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Selection announcement}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Ndewo Mmadụ niile, N'afọ a, ọnụnọ ugboro (abụọ) 2 nke ndị otu nlekọta atụkwasara obi ndị ngalaba otu- na ndị mmekọ-họpụtara na Otu Bọọdụ ndị nlekọta atụkwasịrị obi na Wikimedia Foundation ga-abịa na njedebe [1]. Ndị Bọọdụ na-akpọ òtù niile òkù isonye na usoro nhọpụta nke afọ a ma tụọ votu iji mejupụta oche ndị ahụ. Kọmitii Ntuliaka ga-ahụ maka usoro a site na nkwado ndị ọrụ Foundation [2]. Kọmitii na-ahụ maka ọchịchị, nke ndị na-akwado ndị na-abụghị ndị na-azọ ọkwa n’usoro nhọpụta nke nhọpụta ndị nlekọta atụkwasịrị obi nke ngalaba otu-na ndị mmekọ na ntuliaka 2025 mejupụtara (Raju Narisetti, Shani Evenstein Sigalov, Lorenzo Losa, Kathy Collins, Victoria Doronina na Esra'a Al Shafei) [3], bụ ndị enyere ọrụ nlebara anya nye ndị Bọọdụ maka usoro nhọpụta nke ndị nlekọta atụkwasịrị obi 2025. Nkọwa ndị ọzọ gbasara ọrụ nke ndị Kọmitii ntuliaka, ndị Bọọdụ, na ndị ọrụ nọ ebe a [4]. Nke a bụ ụbọchị ndị akwadoro imepụta ihe ndị a: * Mee 22 – June 5: Nkwupụta (nkwukọrịta a) na ịkpọ oku maka oge ajụjụ [6] * June 17 - Julaị 1, 2025: ịkpọ oku maka ndị na-aga ịzọ ọkwa * Julaị 2025: Ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa, ndị mmekọ ga-eme ntuliaka iji wepụta aha ndị ga-azọ ọkwa ma ọ bụrụ na mmadụ iri ma ọ bụ karịa tinyere akwụkwọ [5] * Ọgọst 2025: Oge nzisa * Ọgọst – Septemba 2025: Oge ịtụ vootu ndị ngalaba otu izu abụọ * Ọktoba – Nọvemba 2025: Nnyocha ndabere nke ndị ahọpụtara * Nzukọ Bọọdụ na Disemba 2025: Ndị nlekọta ọhụrụ ewerela ọnọdụ Matakwuo maka usoro nhọpụta nke 2025 - tinyere usoro ihe omume zuru ezu, usoro ịdebanye aha, iwu nzisa, na iwu ntozu ndị ga-eme ntuliaka - na ibe Meta-wiki a. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025|[link]]]. '''Ịkpọ oku maka ajụjụ''' N'ime usoro nhọpụta ọ bụla, ndị ngalaba otu nwere ohere iweta ajụjụ nye ndị na-azọ ọkwa Board of Trustees ịza. Kọmiti na-eme ntuliaka na-ahọpụta ajụjụ n'ime ndepụta ndị ngalaba otu wepụtara nye ndị na-azọ ọkwa ịza. Ndị na-azọ ọkwa ga-aza ajụjụ niile achọrọ ka ha wee ike tozuo ịzọ ọkwa; ma ọ bụghị ya, a ga-ewepu akwụkwọ anam achọ iso ha tinyere. N'afọ a, kọmitii ntuliaka ga-ahọpụta ajụjụ ise ndị na-azọ ọkwa ga-aza. Ajụjụ ndị ahọpụtara nwere ike ịbụ nchịkọta nke ihe ndị ngalaba otu zitere, ma ọ bụrụ na ha yitere ma ọ bụ na ha metụtara. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Questions_for_candidates|[link]]] '''Ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo Ntuliaka''' Ụzọ ọzọ ị ga-esi sonye na usoro nhọpụta 2025 bụ ịbụ onye ọrụ afọ ofufo. Ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo bụ ndị nọ n'etiti kọmitii ntuliaka na ngalaba otu ha si na ya. Ha na-enyere aka hụ na ndị ngalaba otu ha sonyere ma kpọkọta ha ka ha mee ntuliaka. Mụtakwuo maka mmemme a na otu esi esonye na ibe Meta-wiki a [[m:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Election_volunteers|[link]]]. Daalụ! [1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Results [2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Committee:Elections_Committee_Charter [3] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Resolution:Committee_Membership,_December_2024 [4] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections_committee/Roles [5] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/FAQ [6] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Questions_for_candidates Ka e mesịa, Victoria Doronina Board Liaison to the Elections Committee Governance Committee<section end="announcement-content" /> [[Ojiarụ:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:MediaWiki message delivery|ṅkátá]]) 03:07, 28 Mee 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28618011 --> == Vote now in the 2025 U4C Election == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}} Eligible voters are asked to participate in the 2025 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] election. More information–including an eligibility check, voting process information, candidate information, and a link to the vote–are available on Meta at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2025|2025 Election information page]]. The vote closes on 17 June 2025 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1750161600 12:00 UTC]. Please vote if your account is eligible. Results will be available by 1 July 2025. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 23:00, 13 Jụn 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28848819 --> == Otu Bọọdụ ndị nlekọta atụkwasịrị obi nke Wikimedia Foundation 2025 - Ọkpụkpọ oku maka ndị ga-eso zọọ ọkwa == <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Call for candidates|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Call for candidates}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div> Ndewo mmadụ niile, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025|Ọkpụkpọ oku maka ndị ga-eso zọọ ọkwa maka nhopụta ọkwa Board of Trustees nke Wikimedia Foundation 2025 amalitela ugbua]] site na June 17, 2025 - Julaị 2, 2025 na 11:59 UTC [1]. Ndị Board of Trustees na-ahụ maka ọrụ Wikimedia Foundation, nakwa onye nlekọta atụkwasịrị obi ọ bụla ga-eje ozi afọ atọ [2]. Nke a bụ ọnọdụ ọrụ afọ ofufo. N'afọ a, ndị ngalaba otu Wikimedia ga-eme ntuliaka na ngwụcha Ọgọstụ ruo Septemba 2025 iji mejupụta oche abụọ (2) na Bọọdụ Foundation. Ị nwere ike - ma ọ bụ onye ị maara - bụ onye tozuru isonyere ndị isi nlekọta nke Wikimedia Foundation? [3] Matakwuo maka ihe ọ ga-ewe iji guzoro n'ọkwa onye isi ndị a yana otu ị ga-esi nyefee nhọpụta gị na [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Candidate application| ibe Meta-wiki a]] ma ọ bụ gbaa onye ọzọ ume ịzọ ọkwa na ntuliaka nke afọ a. Yagazie, Abhishek Suryawanshi<br /> Onye isi oche nke Kọmitii Ntuliaka N'aha Kọmitii Ntuliaka na Kọmitii Ọchịchị [1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Call_for_candidates [2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Bylaws#(B)_Term. [3] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Resources_for_candidates<section end="announcement-content" /> [[Ojiarụ:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:MediaWiki message delivery|ṅkátá]]) 17:43, 17 Jụn 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28866958 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Sister Projects Task Force reviews Wikispore and Wikinews</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="message"/> Dear Wikimedia Community, The [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee|Community Affairs Committee (CAC)]] of the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees assigned [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Sister Projects Task Force|the Sister Projects Task Force (SPTF)]] to update and implement a procedure for assessing the lifecycle of Sister Projects – wiki [[m:Wikimedia projects|projects supported by Wikimedia Foundation (WMF)]]. A vision of relevant, accessible, and impactful free knowledge has always guided the Wikimedia Movement. As the ecosystem of Wikimedia projects continues to evolve, it is crucial that we periodically review existing projects to ensure they still align with our goals and community capacity. Despite their noble intent, some projects may no longer effectively serve their original purpose. '''Reviewing such projects is not about giving up – it's about responsible stewardship of shared resources'''. Volunteer time, staff support, infrastructure, and community attention are finite, and the non-technical costs tend to grow significantly as our ecosystem has entered a different age of the internet than the one we were founded in. Supporting inactive projects or projects that didn't meet our ambitions can unintentionally divert these resources from areas with more potential impact. Moreover, maintaining projects that no longer reflect the quality and reliability of the Wikimedia name stands for, involves a reputational risk. An abandoned or less reliable project affects trust in the Wikimedia movement. Lastly, '''failing to sunset or reimagine projects that are no longer working can make it much harder to start new ones'''. When the community feels bound to every past decision – no matter how outdated – we risk stagnation. A healthy ecosystem must allow for evolution, adaptation, and, when necessary, letting go. If we create the expectation that every project must exist indefinitely, we limit our ability to experiment and innovate. Because of this, SPTF reviewed two requests concerning the lifecycle of the Sister Projects to work through and demonstrate the review process. We chose Wikispore as a case study for a possible new Sister Project opening and Wikinews as a case study for a review of an existing project. Preliminary findings were discussed with the CAC, and a community consultation on both proposals was recommended. === Wikispore === The [[m:Wikispore|application to consider Wikispore]] was submitted in 2019. SPTF decided to review this request in more depth because rather than being concentrated on a specific topic, as most of the proposals for the new Sister Projects are, Wikispore has the potential to nurture multiple start-up Sister Projects. After careful consideration, the SPTF has decided '''not to recommend''' Wikispore as a Wikimedia Sister Project. Considering the current activity level, the current arrangement allows '''better flexibility''' and experimentation while WMF provides core infrastructural support. We acknowledge the initiative's potential and seek community input on what would constitute a sufficient level of activity and engagement to reconsider its status in the future. As part of the process, we shared the decision with the Wikispore community and invited one of its leaders, Pharos, to an SPTF meeting. Currently, we especially invite feedback on measurable criteria indicating the project's readiness, such as contributor numbers, content volume, and sustained community support. This would clarify the criteria sufficient for opening a new Sister Project, including possible future Wikispore re-application. However, the numbers will always be a guide because any number can be gamed. === Wikinews === We chose to review Wikinews among existing Sister Projects because it is the one for which we have observed the highest level of concern in multiple ways. Since the SPTF was convened in 2023, its members have asked for the community's opinions during conferences and community calls about Sister Projects that did not fulfil their promise in the Wikimedia movement.[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:WCNA_2024._Sister_Projects_-_opening%3F_closing%3F_merging%3F_splitting%3F.pdf <nowiki>[1]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Community_Affairs_Committee/Sister_Projects_Task_Force#Wikimania_2023_session_%22Sister_Projects:_past,_present_and_the_glorious_future%22 <nowiki>[2]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F <nowiki>[3]</nowiki>] Wikinews was the leading candidate for an evaluation because people from multiple language communities proposed it. Additionally, by most measures, it is the least active Sister Project, with the greatest drop in activity over the years. While the Language Committee routinely opens and closes language versions of the Sister Projects in small languages, there has never been a valid proposal to close Wikipedia in major languages or any project in English. This is not true for Wikinews, where there was a proposal to close English Wikinews, which gained some traction but did not result in any action[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Proposals_for_closing_projects/Closure_of_English_Wikinews <nowiki>[4]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F <nowiki>[5]</nowiki>, see section 5] as well as a draft proposal to close all languages of Wikinews[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Talk:Proposals_for_closing_projects/Archive_2#Close_Wikinews_completely,_all_languages? <nowiki>[6]</nowiki>]. [[:c:File:Sister Projects Taskforce Wikinews review 2024.pdf|Initial metrics]] compiled by WMF staff also support the community's concerns about Wikinews. Based on this report, SPTF recommends a community reevaluation of Wikinews. We conclude that its current structure and activity levels are the lowest among the existing sister projects. SPTF also recommends pausing the opening of new language editions while the consultation runs. SPTF brings this analysis to a discussion and welcomes discussions of alternative outcomes, including potential restructuring efforts or integration with other Wikimedia initiatives. '''Options''' mentioned so far (which might be applied to just low-activity languages or all languages) include but are not limited to: *Restructure how Wikinews works and is linked to other current events efforts on the projects, *Merge the content of Wikinews into the relevant language Wikipedias, possibly in a new namespace, *Merge content into compatibly licensed external projects, *Archive Wikinews projects. Your insights and perspectives are invaluable in shaping the future of these projects. We encourage all interested community members to share their thoughts on the relevant discussion pages or through other designated feedback channels. === Feedback and next steps === We'd be grateful if you want to take part in a conversation on the future of these projects and the review process. We are setting up two different project pages: [[m:Public consultation about Wikispore|Public consultation about Wikispore]] and [[m:Public consultation about Wikinews|Public consultation about Wikinews]]. Please participate between 27 June 2025 and 27 July 2025, after which we will summarize the discussion to move forward. You can write in your own language. I will also host a community conversation 16th July Wednesday 11.00 UTC and 17th July Thursday 17.00 UTC (call links to follow shortly) and will be around at Wikimania for more discussions. <section end="message"/> </div> -- [[User:Victoria|Victoria]] on behalf of the Sister Project Task Force, 20:56, 27 Jụn 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Sister_project_MassMassage_on_behalf_of_Victoria/Target_list&oldid=28911188 --> == Wikidata Item and Property labels soon displayed in Wiki Watchlist/Recent Changes == ''(Apologies for posting in English, you can help by translating into your language)'' Hello everyone, the [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects]] team is excited to announce an upcoming change in how Wikidata edit changelogs are displayed in your [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlists]] and [[Special:RecentChanges|Recent Changes]] lists. If an edit is made on Wikidata that affects a page in another Wikimedia Project, the changelog will contain some information about the nature of the edit. This can include a QID (or Q-number), a PID (or P-number) and a value (which can be text, numbers, dates, or also QID or PID’s). Confused by these terms? See the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Glossary|Wikidata:Glossary]] for further explanations. The upcoming change is scheduled for '''17.07.2025''', between '''1300 - 1500 UTC'''. The change will display the label (item name) alongside any QID or PIDs, as seen in the image below: [[File:Apr10 edit summary on Wikidata.png|An edit sum entry on Wikidata, labels display alongside their P- and Q-no.'s]] These changes will only be visible if you have Wikidata edits enabled in your User Preferences for Watchlists and Recent Changes, or have the active filter ‘Wikidata edits’ checkbox toggled on, directly on the Watchlist and Recent Changes pages. Your bot and gadget may be affected! There are thousands of bots, gadgets and user-scripts and whilst we have researched potential effects to many of them, we cannot guarantee there won’t be some that are broken or affected by this change. Further information and context about this change, including how your bot may be affected can be found on this [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|project task page]]. We welcome your questions and feedback, please write to us on this dedicated [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|Talk page]]. Thank you, - [[m:User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] on behalf of the Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects Team. [[Ojiarụ:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:MediaWiki message delivery|ṅkátá]]) 12:45, 14 Julaị 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_Test_List&oldid=28981877 --> == Proposal for additional namespaces – DRAFT, DRAFTTALK, MOS and MOSTALK == Dear community, Namespaces are a core feature of all Wikimedia projects as they separate different types of content (main articles, drafts, user pages, discussions etc.) which are essential for the organization and functionality of a wiki. I am proposing for the addition of the following namespaces which are currently missing on the igwiki: DRAFT, DRAFTTALK, MOS and MOSTALK. The DRAFT namespace is important so articles which are not yet ready to be on main space or which have poor formatting and translations can be moved there for improvements. The MOS (Manual of Style) namespace is needful to serve as a clear guide for editors on how different kinds of articles should be written. While the respective talk pages would provide space for editors to discuss editing. The MOS would of course be written in the Igbo language, generally ensuring article consistency and quality. I’d greatly appreciate your feedback and even questions regarding this proposal. Please leave a comment on this thread (either supporting or opposing). Thank you! [[Ojiarụ:King ChristLike|King ChristLike]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:King ChristLike|ṅkátá]]) 16:38, 18 Ọgọọst 2025 (UTC) :I'm in support of this proposal as this will enhance clarity in igwiki articles. [[Ojiarụ:Philip Emeka|Philip Emeka]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:Philip Emeka|ṅkátá]]) 16:59, 18 Ọgọọst 2025 (UTC) :Supported [[Ojiarụ:Iwuala chisom|Iwuala chisom]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:Iwuala chisom|ṅkátá]]) 19:35, 18 Ọgọọst 2025 (UTC) ::Supporting [[Ojiarụ:Mbah Victor Chukwuemerie|Mbah Victor Chukwuemerie]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:Mbah Victor Chukwuemerie|ṅkátá]]) 22:19, 19 Ọgọọst 2025 (UTC) :I totally support this proposal. [[Ojiarụ:Sylvaline39|Sylvaline39]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:Sylvaline39|ṅkátá]]) 19:51, 18 Ọgọọst 2025 (UTC) :*I am a community member, and sometimes I wonder why these namespaces are not available here. I’m happy discussions are now being made to add them. I give my Strong Support. [[User:Sayvhior|<span style="white-space:nowrap;text-shadow:#009200 0.3em 0.4em 1.0em,#009200 -0.2em -0.2em 1.0em;color:#009200"><b>Sayvhior</b></span>]]^{[[User talk:Sayvhior|<span style="color:#ff0000"><b>Talk</b></span>]]} 20:35, 18 Ọgọọst 2025 (UTC) :Ensuring accuracy and consistency in formatting is an ideal and recommended means of ensuring systematicity and proper documentation. I believe the above proposed will greatly benefit the Igbo Wikipedia and as such Strongly Support the activation of these features. [[Ojiarụ:Lucy Iwuala|Lucy Iwuala]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:Lucy Iwuala|ṅkátá]]) 20:40, 18 Ọgọọst 2025 (UTC) ::I support this proposal [[Ojiarụ:Geraldine Kene|Geraldine Kene]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:Geraldine Kene|ṅkátá]]) 12:36, 19 Ọgọọst 2025 (UTC) :Support [[Ojiarụ:Mbah Victor Chukwuemerie|Mbah Victor Chukwuemerie]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:Mbah Victor Chukwuemerie|ṅkátá]]) 22:18, 19 Ọgọọst 2025 (UTC) :I strongly support the proposal to add the missing namespaces — DRAFT, DRAFTTALK, MOS, and MOSTALK — on the Igbo Wikipedia. These namespaces are essential for improving the structure, quality, and workflow of the project. The DRAFT and DRAFTTALK namespaces will provide a proper space for contributors to develop articles before moving them to the mainspace, which will improve the quality of content published. Similarly, the MOS and MOSTALK namespaces will help standardize editing practices by giving community members a clear and dedicated area to discuss and apply the Manual of Style, leading to more consistent articles across the Igbo Wikipedia. Introducing these namespaces will not only enhance the editing experience but also support new contributors by giving them safer spaces to learn, practice, and get feedback. Overall, this addition will strengthen the community, bridge quality gaps, and align Igbo Wikipedia with global best practices across other Wikimedia projects. [[Ojiarụ:Senator Choko|Senator Choko]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:Senator Choko|ṅkátá]]) 17:43, 18 Ọgọọst 2025 (UTC) :This is a welcomed development which I support it’s implementation, all for a better experience in the Igbo Wikipedia [[Ojiarụ:Aminwa 21|Aminwa 21]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:Aminwa 21|ṅkátá]]) 21:23, 18 Ọgọọst 2025 (UTC) :Akwadosiri m atụmatu ndị a nke ọma--[[Ojiarụ:Oby Ezeilo|Oby Ezeilo]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:Oby Ezeilo|ṅkátá]]) 22:31, 18 Ọgọọst 2025 (UTC) :Ekwenyere m na itinye ebe aha ọhụrụ DRAFT, DRAFTTALK, MOS, na MOSTALK ga-aba uru nke ukwuu n’ịkwalite nhazi na ịrụ ọrụ nke Igbo Wikipedia. Ọ ga-enyere ndị na-ede edemede n’ọrụ aka ịrụ ọrụ nke ọma ma kwalite mmepe nke nduzi na iwu obodo Wikipedia.N' ihi nkea, akwadosiri m atụmatụ a ike.[[Ojiarụ:Celetex|Celetex]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:Celetex|ṅkátá]]) 11:51, 19 Ọgọọst 2025 (UTC) :Supported [[Ojiarụ:Macocobovi|Macocobovi]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:Macocobovi|ṅkátá]]) 21:07, 19 Ọgọọst 2025 (UTC) :I’m so happy to have this discussion come onboard. it has long been expected. I give my Strong Support. [[User:Goodymeraj|<span style="white-space:nowrap;text-shadow:#009200 0.3em 0.4em 1.0em,#009200 -0.2em -0.2em 1.0em;color:#009200"><b>Goodymeraj</b></span>]]^{[[User talk:Goodymeraj|<span style="color:#ff0000"><b>Talk</b></span>]]} 6:25, 20 Ọgọọst 2025 (UTC) == Support of DRAFT, DRAFTTALK, MOS AND MOSTALK == Igbo Wikipedia is a Movement heading for greater, newer and most efficient innovations and I believe that adding this sections will not only improve the face but also give a lift to the essence of the Igbo Wikipedia at large. Ebube Clara [[Ojiarụ:Ebube Clara|Ebube Clara]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:Ebube Clara|ṅkátá]]) 11:56, 20 Ọgọọst 2025 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Server switch - Your wiki will be read-only for a short time soon</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="server-switch"/><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will switch the traffic between its data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2025-09-24|en}}'''. The switch will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2025-09-24T15:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2025-09-24T15:00}}]'''. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. This banner will remain visible until the end of the operation. You can contribute to the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=Centralnotice-tgroup-read_only_banner&task=view&language=&filter=&action=translate translation or proofreading] of this banner text. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2025-09-24|en}}. *If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. * We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. '''Please share this information with your community.'''</div><section end="server-switch"/> </div> <span dir=ltr>[[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Trizek (WMF)|{{int:talk}}]])</span> 15:42, 18 Septemba 2025 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Ṅkàtá Wikipedia:Lounge]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29170715 --> == Upcoming Dark Mode user interface rollout for anonymous Wikimedia sites users == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> {{int:Hello}} Wikimedians, Apologies if this message is not in your language. {{int:please-translate}}. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web|Reader Experience team]] will launch the Dark mode feature for anonymous users on all Wikimedia sites, including yours, on October 29, 2025. [[:en:Special:MyLanguage/Light-on-dark color scheme|Dark mode]] is an option that allows users to view pages in light-coloured text, and icons on a dark background. Once it is available for anonymous users, they can enable it when using various devices. More information on ways to enable it can be found on [[:en:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia:Dark mode#Options for anyone|this page]]. Given many pages are still not compatible with dark mode this will be an opt-in feature and not automatically apply to pages. Dark mode requires modifications to content pages and templates, and since our initial launch [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/17/dark-modes-bright-future-how-dark-mode-will-transform-wikipedias-accessibility/ in July 2024], we have been working with communities and helping them prepare for dark mode. Before the rollout, it is essential that template authors and technical contributors test dark mode and read [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates/2024-04|this page]] to learn how to make pages Dark mode-ready and address any compatibility issues found in templates. We will fix most color compatibility issues only on the most-viewed pages on projects with over 5 million monthly page views. Technical contributors with an account should opt into dark mode currently using preferences or settings and test pages and seek help before the release to ensure everything complies before the enablement. If you have any questions or need help, please [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading#|contact the Reader Experience team]] for support. Thank you! </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]]</bdi> 02:08, 30 Septemba 2025 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Ṅkàtá Wikipedia:Lounge]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:UOzurumba_(WMF)/sandbox_Dark_mode_deployment_mass_message_list_(October_2025)&oldid=29358561 --> == Proposal to add missing user group rights == Ndewo nu ndi Igbo Wikipedians. I’d like to bring your attention to some missing user rights on the igwiki: rollback, autopatrolled, and extended-confirmed. These rights are available in many other language Wikipedias and would be very useful for us too on this project. The rollback right allows experienced editors to quickly undo disruptive edits or obvious vandalism. This way, articles retain quality and saves time. The autopatrolled right can be given to experienced and trusted editors so that their edits or new pages don’t always need to be manually checked. This reduces the workload and supports efficiency. The extended-confirmed right will be given to editors with at least 500 edits and their account has existed for at least 30 days. This will help in restricting actions to more trusted users. Overall, I’m optimistic that these additions will improve the quality of pages, reduce repeated manual checks of trusted users’ work, help fight vandalism more effectively, and encourage experienced editors by giving them more responsibility and tools. As always, I greatly appreciate your feedback and even questions. Please leave a comment on this thread (either supporting or opposing). Daalụ. [[Ojiarụ:King ChristLike|King ChristLike]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:King ChristLike|ṅkátá]]) 08:21, 3 Ọktoba 2025 (UTC) :Supporting [[Ojiarụ:Iwuala chisom|Iwuala chisom]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:Iwuala chisom|ṅkátá]]) 08:46, 3 Ọktoba 2025 (UTC) :Akwadoro m nke a nke ukwuu [[Ojiarụ:Oby Ezeilo|Oby Ezeilo]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:Oby Ezeilo|ṅkátá]]) 08:51, 3 Ọktoba 2025 (UTC) :Gaa n'ihu na ọrụ gị :Akwadoro m ya [[Ojiarụ:Epiphanus Jide|Epiphanus Jide]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:Epiphanus Jide|ṅkátá]]) 09:16, 3 Ọktoba 2025 (UTC) *I am in Support of having these User rights on the Ig Wikipedia, as it will assist in the smooth flow of things here. [[User:Sayvhior|<span style="white-space:nowrap;text-shadow:#009200 0.3em 0.4em 1.0em,#009200 -0.2em -0.2em 1.0em;color:#009200"><b>Sayvhior</b></span>]]^{[[User talk:Sayvhior|<span style="color:#ff0000"><b>Talk</b></span>]]} 09:39, 3 Ọktoba 2025 (UTC) * I support this great idea as this will give way to excellent contributions on Igbo Wikipedia...Daalụ nwanne @[[Ojiarụ:King ChristLike|King ChristLike]] [[Ojiarụ:Philip Emeka|Philip Emeka]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:Philip Emeka|ṅkátá]]) 04:54, 4 Ọktoba 2025 (UTC) * Having these rights enabled will ensure that there are more eyes watching and ensuring the contribution made and that all hands are on deck to ensure a safe and sane Igbo Wikipedia space. I support this request [[Ojiarụ:Lucy Iwuala|Lucy Iwuala]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:Lucy Iwuala|ṅkátá]]) 01:14, 7 Ọktoba 2025 (UTC) * I strongly support this. Having experience editors with this rights will help reduce the rate of disruptive edits on Igbo Wikipedia. [[Ojiarụ:Ogalihillary|Ogalihillary]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:Ogalihillary|ṅkátá]]) 14:33, 3 Ọktoba 2025 (UTC) * A na m akwado atụmatụ a, niihi na nke a ga-enye aka inyefe ndị maara nke ekwe na-akụ ikikere idozi ufọdụ ihe. [[User:Akwugo|Akwugo]] ([[User talk:Akwugo|talk]]) 15:35, 4 Ọktoba 2025 (UTC) * A kwadosiri m atụmatụ a ike, inyefe ndị uche ha dị n'ihe a na-eme ikike idozi ụfọdụ ihe [[Ojiarụ:Goodymeraj|Goodymeraj]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:Goodymeraj|ṅkátá]]) 03:31, 10 Ọktoba 2025 (UTC) == Kwuo uche gi: tụọ vootu na ntuliaka Board of Trustees nke afọ 2025. == <section begin="announcement-content" /> Ndewo nu, Oge emem ntuliaka nke [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025|2025 Board of Trustees election]] amalitela. Ndị na-adọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na-adọ ndọrọ ndọrọ nnọchi óche abụọ nkè Bọọdụ. I ji nyochaa ntozu gị ime ntuliaka, biko gaa na [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Voter eligibility guidelines|voter eligibility page]] Matakwuo maka há site na [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Candidates|ịgụ gbasara nkwuputa métụtara ntinye akwụkwọ anam achọ nsonye hà ma lelee vidio gbasara nsonye na ndọrọ ndọrọ ha]]. Mgbe ị dị njikere, gaa na [[m:Special:SecurePoll/vote/405| peeji SecurePoll iji tụọ vootu]]. '''A ga-amalite ịtụ Votu site na October 8 na 00:00 UTC ruo October 22 na 23:59 UTC''' Ya gazie, Abhishek Suryawanshi<br />Onye isi oche, Kọmitii Ntuliaka<section end="announcement-content" /> [[Ojiarụ:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:MediaWiki message delivery|ṅkátá]]) 04:48, 9 Ọktoba 2025 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Ṅkàtá Wikipedia:Lounge]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29360896 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Help us decide the name of the new Abstract Wikipedia project</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="function1"/> {{int:Hello}}. Please help pick a name for the new Abstract Wikipedia wiki project. This project will be a wiki that will enable users to combine functions from [[:f:|Wikifunctions]] and data from Wikidata in order to generate natural language sentences in any supported languages. These sentences can then be used by any Wikipedia (or elsewhere). There will be two rounds of voting, each followed by legal review of candidates, with votes beginning on 20 October and 17 November 2025. Our goal is to have a final project name selected on mid-December 2025. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|please learn more and vote now]]''' at meta-wiki. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} <section end="function1"/> </div> -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 11:43, 20 Ọktoba 2025 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Ṅkàtá Wikipedia:Lounge]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29432175 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Wikifunctions will be deployed on your wiki on 2025-11-05</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="Message"/> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Wikifunctions deployment|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Abstract Wikipedia/Wikifunctions deployment}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Hi all, we want to let you know that [[:f:|Wikifunctions]] is coming to your project soon! When enabled, you will be able to call functions from your project, and integrate them in your articles. A function is something that takes one or more inputs and transforms them into a desired output. Think of adding up two numbers, or converting miles into metres, or calculating how much time has passed since an event, or declining a word into a case. This is usually done with templates that are complicated to create or to import. With Wikifunctions, you will be able to do this with just a couple of clicks! Please check out [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Introduction|these tutorials]] for more details. You’re also invited to [[:f:Special:CreateObject|create functions]] that you find useful, or [[:f:Wikifunctions:Suggest a function|ask for help from the Wikifunctions community]]. We would like to invite you to contribute to Wikifunctions, by translating the existing functions labels into your language, so that more users in your community can more easily reuse them on the project. You can also translate the messages for the Wikifunctions interface on TranslateWiki ([https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=ext-wikilambda-ve&filter=%21translated&action=translate here for VisualEditor messages], and [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=ext-wikilambda-user&filter=%21translated&action=translate here for the Wikifunctions interface proper]). Of course, we are happy to help in case there are questions or difficulties, and we are ready to listen to your feedback. Please ping me directly in case of necessity or reach out to me [[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|on my talk page]]. <section end="Message"/> </div> --[[User:Sannita (WMF)|Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 12:22, 29 Ọktoba 2025 (UTC) :Hi all, unfortunately due to a technical problem we couldn't deploy Wikifunctions on your project. We will keep you updated about the next date of deployment. Thanks for your comprehension! [[Ojiarụ:Sannita (WMF)|Sannita (WMF)]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:Sannita (WMF)|ṅkátá]]) 13:58, 6 Novemba 2025 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Ṅkàtá Wikipedia:Lounge]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sannita_(WMF)/Mass_sending_test&oldid=29517140 --> == A na-chọ ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo ka ha sonye n'ọtụtụ kọmitii nke òtù a == <section begin="announcement-content" /> Kwa afọ, ọ kachasị site na Ọktọba ruo Disemba, ọtụtụ n'ime kọmitii nke òtù a na-achọ ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo ọhụrụ. Gụkwuo maka kọmitii ndị a na ibe Meta-wiki ha: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee|Affiliations Committee (AffCom)]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ombuds commission|Ombuds commission (OC)]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Community Resilience and Sustainability/Trust and Safety/Case Review Committee|Case Review Committee (CRC)]] Akwụkwọ anamachọ nsonye kọmitii na-emepe na 30 Ọktoba 2025. Akwụkwọ anamachọ nsonye na kọmitii Mmekọrịta ga-emechi na 11 Disemba 2025, yana Akwụkwọ anamachọ nsonye nke Ombuds kọmishọn na kọmitii Case Review ga-emechi na 11 Disemba 2025. Mata otu esi etinye akwụkwọ site na [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Committee appointments|ịga na ibe dị na Meta-wiki]]. Biputa ozi gị na ibe okwu ma ọ bụ zigara cst[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org ozi emailu gbasara ajụjụ ọ bụla ị nwere ike inwe. N'aha ndị òtù Kọmitii Nkwado, <section end="announcement-content" /> -[[m:User:MKaur (WMF)| MKaur (WMF)]] 14:12, 30 Ọktoba 2025 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Ṅkàtá Wikipedia:Lounge]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:MKaur (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29517125 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Reminder: Help us decide the name of the new Abstract Wikipedia project</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="function2"/> {{int:Hello}}. Reminder: Please help to choose name for the new Abstract Wikipedia wiki project. The finalist vote starts today. The finalists for the name are: <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Abstract Wikipedia, Multilingual Wikipedia, Wikiabstracts, Wikigenerator, Proto-Wiki</span>. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|please learn more and vote now]]''' at meta-wiki. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} <section end="function2"/> </div> -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 14:22, 20 Novemba 2025 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Ṅkàtá Wikipedia:Lounge]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29583860 --> == Thank You for Last Year – Join Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 == Dear Wikimedia communities, We hope you are doing well, and we wish you a happy New Year. ''Last year, we captured light. This year, we’ll capture legacy.'' In 2025, communities around the world shared the glow of Ramadan nights and the warmth of collective iftars. In 2026, ''Wiki Loves Ramadan'' is expanding, bringing more stories, more cultures, and deeper global connections across Wikimedia projects. We invite you to explore the ''Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026'' [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Meta page]] to learn how you can participate and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026/Participating communities|sign up]] your community. 📷 ''Photo campaign on '' [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Wikimedia Commons]] If you have questions about the project, please refer to the FAQs: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ/|Meta-Wiki]] * [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ|Wikimedia Commons]] ''Early registration for updates is now open via the '''[[m:Special:RegisterForEvent/2710|Event page]]''''' ''Stay connected and receive updates:'' * [https://t.me/WikiLovesRamadan Telegram channel] * [https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/wikilovesramadan.lists.wikimedia.org/ Mailing list] We look forward to collaborating with you and your community. '''The Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 Organizing Team''' 19:45, 16 Jenụwarị 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Ńkàtá Wikipedia:Lounge]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29879549 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2026 starts soon == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]] ::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div> ;Invitation to Organize Feminism and Folklore 2026 Dear Wiki Community, We are pleased to invite Wikimedia communities, affiliates, and independent contributors to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026]]''' writing competition on your local Wikipedia. The international campaign will run from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and aims to improve coverage of feminism, women’s histories, gender-related topics, and folk culture across Wikipedia projects. ;About the Campaign '''Feminism and Folklore''' is a global writing initiative that complements the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2026|Wiki Loves Folklore]]''' photography competition. While Wiki Loves Folklore focuses on visual documentation, this writing campaign addresses the '''gender gap on Wikipedia''' by improving encyclopedic content related to folk culture and marginalized voices. ;What Can Participants Write About? Communities can contribute by creating, expanding, or translating articles related to: * Folk festivals, rituals, and celebrations * Folk dances, music, and traditional performances * Women and queer figures in folklore * Women in mythology and oral traditions * Women warriors, witches, and witch-hunting narratives * Fairy tales, folk stories, and legends * Folk games, sports, and cultural practices Participants may work from curated article lists or generate new article suggestions using campaign tools. ;How to Sign Up as an Organizer Organizers are requested to complete the following steps to register their community: # Create a local project page on your wiki [[:m:Feminism and Folklore/Sample|(see sample)]] # Set up the campaign using the '''CampWiz''' tool # Prepare a local article list and clearly mention: #* Campaign timeline #* Local and international prizes # Request a site notice from local administrators [[:mr:Template:SN-FNF|(see sample)]] # Add your local project page and CampWiz link to the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta project page]]''' ;Campaign Tools The Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced tools to support organizers and participants: * '''Article List Generator by Topic''' – Helps identify articles available on English Wikipedia but missing in your local language Wikipedia. The tool allows customized filters and provides downloadable article lists in CSV and wikitable formats. * '''CampWiz''' – Enables communities to manage writing campaigns effectively, including jury-based evaluation. This will be the third year CampWiz is officially used for Feminism and Folklore. Both tools are now available for use in the campaign. '''[https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ Click here to access the tools]''' ;Learn More & Get Support For detailed information about rules, timelines, and prizes, please visit the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 project page]]'''. If you have any questions or need assistance, feel free to reach out via: * '''[[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta talk page]]''' * Email us using details on the contact page. ;Join Us We look forward to your collaboration and coordination in making Feminism and Folklore 2026 a meaningful and impactful campaign for closing gender gaps and enriching folk culture content on Wikipedia. Thank you and best wishes, '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 International Team]]''' ---- ''Stay connected:'' [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&nbsp; [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] </div></div> == Invitation to Host Wiki Loves Folklore 2026 in Your Country == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div> [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]] Hello everyone, We are delighted to invite Wikimedia affiliates, user groups, and community organizations worldwide to participate in '''Wiki Loves Folklore 2026''', an international initiative dedicated to documenting and celebrating folk culture across the globe. ;About Wiki Loves Folklore '''Wiki Loves Folklore''' is an annual international photography competition hosted on Wikimedia Commons. The campaign runs from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and encourages photographers, cultural enthusiasts, and community members to contribute photographs that highlight: * Folk traditions and rituals * Cultural festivals and celebrations * Traditional attire and crafts * Performing arts, music, and dance * Everyday practices rooted in folk heritage Through this campaign, we aim to preserve and promote diverse folk cultures and make them freely accessible to the world. [[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026|Project page on Wikimedia Commons]] ; Host a Local Edition As we celebrate the '''eight edition''' of Wiki Loves Folklore, we warmly invite communities to organize a local edition in their country or region. Hosting a local campaign is a great opportunity to: * Increase visibility of your region’s folk culture * Engage new contributors in your community * Enrich Wikimedia Commons with high-quality cultural content '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026/Organize|Sign up to organize]]:''' If your team prefers to organize the competition in ''either February or March only'', please feel free to let us know. If you are unable to organize, we encourage you to share this opportunity with other interested groups or organizations in your region. ;Get in Touch If you have any questions, need support, or would like to explore collaboration opportunities, please feel free to contact us via: * The project Talk pages * Email: '''support@wikilovesfolklore.org''' We are also happy to connect via an online meeting if your team would like to discuss planning or coordination in more detail. Warm regards, '''The Wiki Loves Folklore International Team''' </div> [[Ojiarụ:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:MediaWiki message delivery|ṅkátá]]) 13:21, 18 Jenụwarị 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Ńkàtá Wikipedia:Lounge]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=29228188 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Annual review of the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> I am writing to you to let you know the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines is open now. You can make suggestions for changes through 9 February 2026. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2026|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]]. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]])<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> 21:01, 19 Jenụwarị 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Ńkàtá Wikipedia:Lounge]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29905753 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Migration to Parsoid</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> <em>[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Product and Technology/Parsoid Read Views/Read View Announcement|Read this in another language]]</em> Hello everyone! I am glad to inform you that as the next step in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parser Unification]] project, Parsoid will soon be turned on as the default article renderer on your wiki. We are gradually increasing the number of wikis using Parsoid, with the intention of making it the default wikitext parser for MediaWiki's next long-term support release. This will make our wikis more reliable and consistent for editors, readers, and tools to use, as well as making the development of future wikitext features easier. If this disrupts your workflow, don’t worry! You can still opt out through a user preference or turn Parsoid off on the current page using the Tools submenu, as described in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration|Extension:ParserMigration]] documentation. There is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Confidence Framework|more information about our roll-out strategy]] available, including the testing done before we turn on Parsoid for a new wiki. To report bugs and issues, please look at our [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Known Issues|known issues]] documentation and if you found a new bug please create a phab ticket and tag the [[phab:project/view/5846|Content Transform Team in Phabricator]]. <section end="announcement-content" /> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[mw:User:ABreault (WMF)|Content Transform Team]]</bdi> 21:59, 23 Jenụwarị 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Ńkàtá Wikipedia:Lounge]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:ABreault (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikimedia_Foundation/Product_and_Technology/Parsoid_Read_Views/2026-01-26_Wikipedias&oldid=29972868 --> == Join the sixth Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia 2026.png|right|250px|thumb|link=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ukraine%27s_Cultural_Diplomacy_Month_2026|Join our campaign!]] {{int:please-translate}} Dear Wikipedians! [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the sixth edition of writing challenge "'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''", which lasts from '''1st April''' until '''30th April 2026'''. The initiative aims to promote knowledge about Ukrainian culture abroad by creating and improving Wikipedia articles in multiple languages. This year marks the sixth edition of the campaign, which will focus on contemporary culture, making today’s artistic voices and practices more visible to international audiences. 🧩'''How to participate?''' Choose an article from the suggested list → Write an article in your language, or improve an existing one according to the rules → Add your contribution to the contest page and calculate your points → Win prizes and receive a certificate of participation → Become a promoter of truthful knowledge about Ukraine. 🧩'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Check our main page for more information]]'''. '''If you are interested in coordinating long-term community engagement for the campaign and becoming a local ambassador, we would love to hear from you! Please let us know your interest.''' If not, then we encourage you to translate the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|landing page of the contest]] and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MessageGroupStats?group=Centralnotice-tgroup-UCDM2026banner&messages=&language=en&x=D banner] into your own language. Also, we set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in this challenge! [[:m:User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|talk]]) 04:35, 1 April 2026 (UTC) </div> (This message was sent to [[:Ńkàtá Wikipedia:Lounge]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:OlesiaLukaniuk_(WMUA)/list_of_wikis&oldid=28552112 --> == Action Required: Update templates/modules for electoral maps (Migrating from P1846 to P14226) == Hello everyone, This is a notice regarding an ongoing data migration on Wikidata that may affect your election-related templates and Lua modules (such as <code>Module:Itemgroup/list</code>). '''The Change:'''<br /> Currently, many templates pull electoral maps from Wikidata using the property [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]], combined with the qualifier [[:d:Property:P180|P180]]: [[:d:Q19571328|Q19571328]]. We are migrating this data (across roughly 4,000 items) to a newly created, dedicated property: '''[[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]]'''. '''What You Need To Do:'''<br /> To ensure your templates and infoboxes do not break or lose their maps, please update your local code to fetch data from [[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]] instead of the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] + [[:d:Property:P180|P180]] structure. A [[m:Wikidata/Property Migration: P1846 to P14226/List|list of pages]] was generated using Wikimedia Global Search. '''Deadline:'''<br /> We are temporarily retaining the old data on [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] to allow for a smooth transition. However, to complete the data cleanup on Wikidata, the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] statements will be removed after '''May 1, 2026'''. Please update your modules and templates before this date to prevent any disruption to your wiki's election articles. Let us know if you have any questions or need assistance with the query logic. Thank you for your help! [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] using [[Ojiarụ:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:MediaWiki message delivery|ṅkátá]]) 17:11, 3 Eprel 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Ńkàtá Wikipedia:Lounge]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29941252 --> == Request for comment (global AI policy) == <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Apologies for writing in English. {{int:Please-translate}} A [[:m:Requests for comment/Artificial intelligence policy|request for comment]] is currently being held to decide on a global AI policy. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[Ojiarụ:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:MediaWiki message delivery|ṅkátá]]) 00:57, 26 Eprel 2026 (UTC) </bdi> (This message was sent to [[:Ńkàtá Wikipedia:Lounge]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Codename Noreste@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30424282 --> == Binye aka ugbu a na nhọpụta 2026 == <section begin="announcement-content" /> A na-agwa ndị tozuru ibinye aka ka ha sonye na nhọpụta [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Ótù Nhazi Usoro Nchịkwata Akparamagwa Nke Zuru Ụwa Ọnụ]] 2026. Ozi ndị ọzọ-tinyere nlele ntozu, ozi usoro mbinye aka, na njikọ- ga-adị na Meta n'[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|ihuakwụkwọ ozi mbinye aka 2026]]. Mbinye aka ahụ na-akwụsị na 2 Juunu 2026 na [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1780358400 00:00 UTC]. Biko binye aka ma ọ bụrụ na akaụntụ gị tozuru etozu. Mpụtara (nhọpụta ahụ) ga-adị na 14 Juunu 2026. Site na mmekọrịta U4C,<section end="announcement-content" /> [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 17:14, 27 Mee 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Ńkàtá Wikipedia:Lounge]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30513860 --> == RFC about AI-generated content in Wikimedia Commons == <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English, please help translate this message to your language. You are invited to participate in a [[c:Commons:Requests for comment/Policy update for AI content|request for comment on Wikimedia Commons about a policy update for AI content]]. This may affect files that are uploaded to Wikimedia Commons for use on this project. Thank you. [[m:User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[m:User talk:Codename Noreste|ṅkátá]])</bdi> 17:11, 23 Jụn 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Ńkàtá Wikipedia:Lounge]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Codename Noreste@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30513860 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Deployment of Legal and Safety Contacts Link in the Footer of Your Wiki</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="Message"/> '''Legal & Safety Contacts''' Hello community, the Wikimedia Foundation has provided a [[wmf:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Wikimedia Foundation Legal and Safety Contact Information|single legal and safety contact page]], to be linked in the footer of your wiki, to ensure access to accurate legal information. This is a regulatory requirement. We have already rolled out links to English, German, Italian, Spanish and other wikis and we will deploy to your wiki soon. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_and_Safety_Contacts_FAQ|Please read more on the project page]] and leave any comments in this thread or on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Legal and Safety Contacts FAQ|talk page]]. <section end="Message"/> </div> -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 13:29, 25 Jụn 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Ńkàtá Wikipedia:Lounge]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sannita_(WMF)/Mass_sending_test&oldid=30731267 --> == Request for comment (the future of Abstract Wikipedia) == <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Apologies if this has not yet been translated into your wiki's language. {{int:Please-translate}} You are invited to voice your opinions in a [[:m:Requests for comment/The future of Abstract Wikipedia|request for comment about the future of Abstract Wikipedia]]. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[:m:User:Kowal2701|Kowal2701]] ([[:m:User talk:Kowal2701|talk]]) 12:24, 24 Julaị 2026 (UTC) </bdi> (This message was sent to [[:Ńkàtá Wikipedia:Lounge]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:DreamRimmer@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30513860 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Server switch - Your wiki will be read-only for a short time soon</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="server-switch"/><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will switch the traffic between its data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2026-09-23|en}}'''. The switch will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2026-09-23T14:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2026-09-23T14:00}}]'''. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. This banner will remain visible until the end of the operation. You can contribute to the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=Centralnotice-tgroup-read_only_banner&task=view&language=&filter=&action=translate translation or proofreading] of this banner text. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' * You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2026-09-23|en}}. * If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': * Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. * We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. '''Please share this information with your community.'''</div><section end="server-switch"/> </div> [[m:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] 12:58, 15 Septemba 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Ńkàtá Wikipedia:Lounge]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=30513874 --> == Your feedback wanted: Remove ''(Language link added:) and similar'' edits from Special:RecentChanges == ''(Apologies for posting in English. You can help by translating it)'' Hello, I’m Danny from [[:en:w:Wikimedia_Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland’s]] [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects|Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects]] team.<br/> We have been investigating and examining how Wikidata’s use in the [[Special:RecentChanges]] and [[Special:Watchlist]] pages can be made to be more useful, or less ‘noisy’ (fewer edits that have little value to the reader). We are currently exploring to make a change in the volume and the type of Wikidata edits that appear in these pages, and '''we need your feedback''' to help us ensure this is a positive change for the Wikis and won’t disrupt your workflows.<br/> Language links are also known as sitelinks or interlanguage links and describe when a Wikidata item is connected to a Wiki, adding it to the language dropdown tool for other connected Wikis. [[File:Types of Lang Link changes.png|x350px|frame|A variety of "Language Link" edits as seen in the Recent Changes feed]] The request for feedback is whether you support the removal of these language link edits from the Recent Changes and Watchlist feed, or would you oppose such a change and if so, why? Please share you thoughts on the dedicated '''[[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Hide_Language_Link_edits|metawiki Talk page]]'''. Further information about this change: [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Hide_Language_Link_edits|m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Hide_Language_Link_edits]] Thank you for any participation or feedback you give, -- [[m:User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] 15:26, 21 Septemba 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Ńkàtá Wikipedia:Lounge]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_test_list&oldid=31067433 --> == Abstract Wikipedia will be deployed soon on your Wikipedia == Hi everyone, I’m Luca, and I’m part of the team working on Abstract Wikipedia. [[:m:Abstract Wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia]] is a [[:abstract:|recently launched Wikimedia project]] that aims to create community-written, language-independent articles that can be output into many languages. This approach allows interested Wikipedia communities to leverage these articles to expand their content. [[:abstract:Abstract Wikipedia:For interested communities/Igbo|As you accepted to be among our first pilot communities]], we wanted to share with you that next week we will be deploying the ability to integrate abstract articles to your wiki. This deployment will not add any abstract articles to your wiki yet, it will simply set up the system that then will allow you to integrate articles when you decide to integrate them. To learn more about how the community-controlled integration process works, please read the how-to page on Abstract Wikipedia: https://abstract.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Abstract_articles Also, if you want to help translating the system messages to your language, please help us doing so by editing the messages on TranslateWiki at https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translate?group=ext-wikilambda-abstract&language=ig When you try the integration out, please let us know how things are going. We have tested the system as well as we can, but there might easily be issues we didn’t expect. If anything does not work as you expect it, please let us know. We want to stress again that your community will remain fully in control of its content, as existing local articles would never be replaced, your community will decide which abstract articles to integrate, and contributors can improve shared content from Abstract Wikipedia. Thank you in advance for sharing your thoughts! We’re here to listen and learn. You can address us in your own language, if you want. -- [[Ojiarụ:Sannita (WMF)|Sannita (WMF)]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Sannita (WMF)|ṅkátá]]) 14:37, 6 Ọktoba 2026 (UTC) == Wikidata Sitelink changes in Recent Changes and Watchlist == ''(Apologies for cross-posting in English, translating it will help spread the message)'' Earlier last month, all Wikis were contacted for feedback on our proposal to remove language link changes, this change has already been deployed to Wikisource, Wikibooks, Wikivoyage, Wikiquote, Wikiversity and Wiktionary. The same change is now being rolled out globally to all Wikipedias on '''October 13, 07:00 UTC'''. Editors will no longer see notifications after this time on their [[Special:RecentChanges|Recent Changes]] and [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlist]] when a link to ''another'' language version of a page is added, removed, or changed in its Wikidata item (it does not affect language link notifications to the home wiki). There will then be a two-week monitoring period to observe if a reduction of high-volume but low-value notifications takes place, or if higher-value changes become easier to identify. Editors who rely on these notifications should be aware of the change and can share feedback or concerns on the Wikidata For Wikimedia [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Hide_Language_Link_edits|Projects talk page]].<br/> Wikidata's own Recent Changes page is not affected as it serves as the repository for these changes. Please reach out if you have any questions, or if your wiki would like to opt-out, thank you! -- [[User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] ([[User_talk:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|talk]]) sent via [[Ojiarụ:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:MediaWiki message delivery|ṅkátá]]) 09:28, 9 Ọktoba 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Ńkàtá Wikipedia:Lounge]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_Test_List&oldid=31142775 --> c7m4pwn9we95rr1m91rp6iwiodmk2vw 0 10851 736892 709391 2026-10-09T04:38:12Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 736892 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Pamela Adie {{Audio|Ig-Pamela_Adie.ogg|Audio}} bụ onye na -akwado ikike mmekọ nwoke na nwoke, onye na -ekwu okwu n'ihu ọha, onye na -enyocha ihu na onye na -ese ihe nkiri si Nigeria. A na -ahụta Pamela dị ka onye nkwuchite ihu ọha ama ama nke na -akwado obodo LGBTQ ma na -ekwukarị okwu na nkwado maka inye obodo LGBTQ ikike na Nigeria. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Pamela Adie – Chief Servant/Executive Director – The Equality Hub|url=http://www.theequalityhub.com/pamela-adie/|accessdate=2021-09-23|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-01-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210117094243/http://www.theequalityhub.com/pamela-adie/}}</ref> Nchọpụta ya na ihe odide ya gbasara ikike LGBT na Naịjirịa apụtala n'ọtụtụ usoro anthology LGBT. Mpụta izizi ya, N'okpuru egwurugwu, nke sitere na ncheta onwe ya, kpaliri ya ịbụ onye ama ama. Ụlọ ọrụ na -emepụta ihe ya bụ fé na -ekwu na ọ rụrụ ihe nkiri nwanyị nwanyị nwanyị mbụ na Naịjirịa. Ọ bụ onye isi nchịkwa nke Equality Hub, otu na-abụghị nke gọọmentị. <ref>{{Cite web|title=The Equality Hub – …a network for equality|url=http://www.theequalityhub.com/|accessdate=2020-09-15|language=en-US|archivedate=2020-09-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200910011142/http://www.theequalityhub.com/}}</ref> == Akụkọ ndụ == N'agbanyeghị na ọ lụrụ nwoke, ọ kwupụtara na 2011 na ọ bụ nwanyị nwere mmasị nwanyị n'ihu ọha mgbe ya na ndị ezinụlọ ya kparịtachara. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Admin|title=Cross River Born Lesbian Sets Wedding Date With Partner (See Photos)|url=https://paradisenews.ng/26040/crs-lesbian-sets-wedding-date|accessdate=2020-09-15|work=Paradise News|language=en-GB|archivedate=2021-08-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210803173954/https://theparadise.ng/}}</ref> A mụrụ ya na Calabar, Cross River State. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-04-07|title=Nigerian lesbian, Pamela Adie, tells her story in new documentary|url=https://nostringsng.com/nigerian-lesbian-pamela-adie-documentary/|accessdate=2020-09-15|work=NoStringsNG – Voice of LGBTQ+ Nigeria|language=en-US}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Pamela nwetara MBA ya na Mahadum Webster yana nzere masta ya na Mahadum Baltimore. Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum Wisconsin-Superior na nzere bachelọ na nchịkwa azụmahịa. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Pamela Adie – Chief Servant/Executive Director – The Equality Hub|url=http://www.theequalityhub.com/pamela-adie/|accessdate=2020-09-15|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-01-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210117094243/http://www.theequalityhub.com/pamela-adie/}}</ref> Ọ gara n'ihu bụrụ onye ndọrọndọrọ nwanyị nwanyị nwanyị mbụ na Naịjirịa mgbe ọ gbasasịrị ọrụ dị ka onye na -akwado ikike LGBT. N’afọ 2017, ọ kwukwara okwu na mbipụta mmalite nke “Economic Meeting LingT Rights Activists”. O kwukwara okwu na nnọkọ ahụ gbasara mkpa ọ dị ịgụnye ndị LGBT n'ebe ọrụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Pamela Adie|url=http://lseafricasummit.org/speaker/pamela-adie/|accessdate=2020-09-15|language=en-US|archivedate=2020-11-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201126213618/http://lseafricasummit.org/speaker/pamela-adie/}}</ref> O dere, duzie ma mepụta n'okpuru Rainbow (2019), ihe nkiri izizi lekwasịrị anya nwanyị nwanyị nke Nigeria, nke dabere na ndụ ya. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-07-29|title=Pamela Adie's Under the Rainbow Is Nigeria's First Documentary About Being Lesbian {{!}} Watch Teaser|url=https://brittlepaper.com/2019/07/pamela-adies-under-the-rainbow-is-nigerias-first-documentary-about-being-lesbian-watch-teaser/|accessdate=2020-09-15|work=Brittle Paper|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-07-03|title=Nigeria's first lesbian documentary film is finally here – Rights Africa – Equal Rights, One Voice!|url=https://rightsafrica.com/2019/07/03/nigerias-first-lesbian-documentary-film-is-finally-here/|accessdate=2019-07-08|publisher=Rightsafrica.com}}</ref> N’afọ 2019, ọ bụ otu n’ime mmadụ iri a họpụtara maka mbipụta mbụ nke Mary Chirwa Award, nke hiwere na 2018. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Times|first=The Rustin|date=2019-10-14|title=Nigerian activist Pamela Adie is nominated for the first Mary Chirwa Award for Courageous Leadership|url=https://therustintimes.com/2019/10/14/nigerian-activist-pamela-adie-is-nominated-for-the-first-mary-chirwa-award-for-courageous-leadership/|accessdate=2020-09-15|work=The Rustin Times|language=en-US|archivedate=2020-05-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200516062905/https://therustintimes.com/2019/10/14/nigerian-activist-pamela-adie-is-nominated-for-the-first-mary-chirwa-award-for-courageous-leadership/}}</ref> N'ịkwado onye ndu nwere obi ike, e nyere ya nhọpụta gị. === Ìfé === Ọ kwuputara ebumnuche ya ịme ihe nkiri gbasara obodo ụmụnwaanyị Naịjirịa na onye isi na -emepụta ihe nkiri fé. Mmepụta ihe nkiri a ghọrọ esemokwu n'ihi mmachibido iwu gọọmentị machibidoro ọrụ mmekọ nwanyị na nwanyị. Uyaiedu Ikpe-Etim na Pamela Adie malitere ọrụ a na mmekorita ya na Equality Hub. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Ike|first=Joanne|date=2020-08-24|title=Nigeria's first lesbian movie, Ìfé, is set to change stereotypes » YNaija|url=http://ynaija.com/nigerias-first-lesbian-movie-ife-is-set-to-change-stereotypes/|accessdate=2020-08-28|work=YNaija|language=en-GB}}</ref> A na -ahụta ihe nkiri a dị ka ihe nkiri na -eme nwanyị nwanyị nwanyị mbụ na Naịjirịa, ihe gbasara mmachi malitere n'ihi ụdị ihe nkiri a. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-06|title='Ife', Nigeria's first lesbian movie, goes online to beat NFVCB|url=https://lifestyle.thecable.ng/ife-nigerias-first-lesbian-movie-goes-online-to-beat-nfvcb/|accessdate=2020-08-28|work=TheCable Lifestyle|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Salaudeen|first=Aisha|title=Nollywood film about two women in love tackles homophobia|url=https://www.phillytrib.com/entertainment/movies/nollywood-film-about-two-women-in-love-tackles-homophobia/article_055371f4-6ad3-51c0-bbb6-6bd94026cce8.html|accessdate=2020-08-28|work=The Philadelphia Tribune|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210803173951/https://www.phillytrib.com/entertainment/movies/nollywood-film-about-two-women-in-love-tackles-homophobia/article_055371f4-6ad3-51c0-bbb6-6bd94026cce8.html|archive-date=2021-08-03|url-status=dead}}</ref> Agbanyeghị, mwepụta ihe nkiri a na -egbu oge n'ihi nsogbu ime nnyocha. E turu Pamila Adie na onye na -ahụ maka ihe nkiri egwu na a ga -atụ ya mkpọrọ mgbe ebubo pụtara gbasara mbọ ndị na -eme ihe nkiri wepụtara ihe nkiri a na mba ụwa. <ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-09-14|title=The Nigerian filmmakers risking jail with lesbian movie Ife|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-54070446|accessdate=2020-09-15}}</ref> == Ntụaka ==  {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 8gynfrmhr0r76s9lc3hdxssba6ocng6 0 12718 736883 124724 2026-10-08T19:32:33Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 736883 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Category:Articles with hCards]] {{Infobox person | name = Naadiya Moosajee | image = | image_size = | caption = | birth_date = {{Birth year and age|1984}} | birth_place = [[Cape Town]], [[South Africa]] | death_date = | death_place = | education = | occupation = Engineer, Social Entrepreneur and Business Executive | years_active = | nationality = South African | citizenship = South Africa | known_for = | title = Founder and Chief Executive Officer of ''Women in Engineering''. | website = | spouse = }} '''Naadiya Moosajee''', bụ onye injinia South Africa, onye ọchụnta ego na-elekọta mmadụ na onye so wee tọọ ntọala nke otu Women in Engineering (WomEng), otu nzukọ anaghị akwụ ụgwọ nke na-achọ ịzụlite nkà injinia n'etiti ụmụ agbọghọ nọ n'ọtụtụ mba [[Eluàlà|Africa]] . <ref name="One">{{Cite web|date=4 December 2014|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/mfonobongnsehe/2014/12/04/the-20-youngest-power-women-in-africa-2014/3/#7c219035774f|first=Mfonobong|author=Nsehe|accessdate=24 November 2017|title=The 20 Youngest Power Women In Africa 2014}}</ref> == Nzụlite na agụmakwụkwọ == A mụrụ ya na South Africa na 1984. <ref name="One"/> Ọ gara Mahadum Cape Town (UCT), ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ ma nweta nzere bachelọ nke sayensị (BSc) na Civil Engineering . Ọ gara n'ihu n'agụmakwụkwọ ya na UCT, wee gụchaa nweta nzere Master of Science (MSc) na Transport Engineering na 2009. N'ime afọ ikpeazụ ya mgbe ọ na-agbaso akara ugo mmụta nke Masters, ọ nọrọ ọnwa iri na abụọ dị ka nwa akwụkwọ mgbanwe mba ụwa na Mahadum Stuttgart dị na [[Jémanị|Germany]] . <ref name="One" /> Na 2013, ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum Edinburgh ma nweta nzere Master of Business Administration (MBA). <ref name="Two">{{Cite web|url=https://www.linkedin.com/in/naadiya-moosajee-a8800810/|title=Naadiya Moosajee: Social Entrepreneur, Engineer, Designer. Co-Founder & CEO WomEng|first=Naadiya|author=Moosajee|accessdate=24 November 2017|publisher=[[LinkedIn]]}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Ruo otu afọ, ozugbo ọ nwetachara akara ugo mmụta mbụ ya, e goro ya dị ka Onye Injinia Project, site na ''Arcus Gibb Engineering'' (nke buzi [https://www.gibb.co.za/ GIBB Engineering] ), ụlọ ọrụ injinia na-ahụ maka ndụmọdụ dị na Cape Town . N'oge 2010 FIFA World Cup, e goro ya dị ka VIP & Media Transport Coordinator maka atụmatụ, nhazi oge na arụmọrụ maka njem ụgbọ ala niile maka VIPs, ndị mgbasa ozi na ndị isi egwuregwu n'oge ọrụ 2010 FIFA World Cup na Cape Town. <ref name="Two"/> N'afọ 2009, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye isi otu ''Global Leadership Fellow'' by Youth Action Network, otu ụlọ ọrụ anaghị akwụ ụgwọ na United Kingdom. Ọ jere ozi ebe ahụ ọnwa iri na anọ ruo na Nọvemba 2010. N'ihe karịrị afọ abụọ, site na May 2011 ruo July 2013, ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye njikwa ntinye aka na [http://www.pegasys.co.za/ Pegasys Strategy & Development], otu ndụmọdụ na-elekwasị anya na mmetụta nke mmepe na akụ na ụba na-apụta. Ọ jere ozi ebe ahụ dị ka onye ndụmọdụ maka nnukwu mgbanwe ihu igwe na ọrụ ụgbọ njem ọha. <ref name="Two"/> == Ntule ndị ọzọ == Na Disemba 2014, akpọrọ Naadiya Moosajee n'etiti "Ụmụ nwanyị iri abụọ kachasị ike na Africa 2014", nke Forbes Magazine <ref name="One"/> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.womeng.org/blogs/womeng-co~founder-makes-forbes-top-20-power-women-in-africa-list|title=WomEng Co-Founder makes Forbes Top 20 Power Women in Africa List|first=Naadiya|author=Moosajee|accessdate=24 November 2017|date=22 January 2015|publisher=Women in Engineering|archivedate=29 April 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160429082348/http://womeng.org/blogs/womeng-co~founder-makes-forbes-top-20-power-women-in-africa-list}}</ref> N'ime afọ ndị gafeworonụ, o guzobela ma kwado ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ ndị na-achọghi uru nakwa ụlọọrụ ndị na-achọ uru, nke gụnyere (a) ''Naadiya M'', azụmahịa na-emewe, na-emepụta nakwa na-azụ ahia nke na-ezubere uwe azụmahịa ụmụ nwanyị na uwe mgbede, bụ nke ọ tọrọ ntọala ya na 2013 <ref name="Two"/> (b) Na 2014, o so wee tọọ ntọala ''JourneyMap Consulting'', ụlọ ọrụ nchọta talent na inweta talent nwere ụlọ ọrụ na Johannesburg na Cape Town. <ref name="Two" /> (c) O mebere ''Women in Engineering'' (WomEng) na 2005 ma jee ozi dị ka CEO kemgbe. '''WomEng''' na-arụ ọrụ na South Africa na [[Kenya]] . <ref name="Two" /> Ọ bụ onye otu n'ime ọtụtụ bọọdụ, nke gụnyere (a) Onye otu mpaghara Advisory Board of Frost &amp;amp; Sullivan, maka mpaghara Africa. <ref name="Two"/> (b) Otu onye so na Board nke [https://web.archive.org/web/20180902190846/https://iyfnet.org/ International Youth Foundation], kemgbe Jenụwarị 2012. <ref name="Two" /> (c) Onye otu ndị isi oche na ''Pegasys'', kemgbe August 2013. <ref name="Two" /> na (d) Onye otu nke ''Global Future Council'' na World Economic Forum, kemgbe August 2016. <ref name="Two" /> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.weforum.org/people/naadiya-moosajee|title=Naadiya Moosajee: Co-Founder, WomHub|accessdate=24 November 2017|date=24 November 2017|publisher=[[World Economic Forum]] (WEF)}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * [[Adiat Disu]] * [[Ada Osakwe]] * Susan Oguya == Ebensidee == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [http://www.womeng.org/ Weebụsaịtị ụmụ nwanyị na injinia] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20171201042736/http://www.womeng.org/meet-naadiya-moosajee/ Profaịlụ na Women in Engineering] [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] mtox17ar0s910dx11ehq17x8sa4ugp5 0 14908 736891 145312 2026-10-09T04:27:20Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 736891 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Category:Articles with hCards]] '''Owiso Odera''' (March 1974 - November 3, 2016) bụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri Kenya a mụrụ na Sudan.<ref name="thomas">{{Cite web|author=Rajula|first=Thomas|title=Remembering Owiso Odera, who blazed the trail for Lupita and Gathegi|date=14 July 2018|publisher=[[Daily Nation]]|url=https://www.nation.co.ke/lifestyle/weekend/Remembering-Owiso-Odera/1220-4661938-d4j4bx/index.html|accessdate=27 March 2020}}</ref> O nwere ike ịbụ na a maara ya nke ọma maka ọrụ ya dịka Papa Tunde na usoro telivishọn The Originals .<ref>{{Cite web|title=TV & Stage Actor Owiso Odera Dies After Collapsing Onstage During Play Rehearsal|date=11 November 2016|publisher=[[BroadwayWorld]]|url=https://www.broadwayworld.com/article/TV-Stage-Actor-Owiso-Odera-Dies-After-Collapsing-Onstage-During-Play-Rehearsal-20161111|accessdate=27 March 2020}}</ref><ref name="alexander">{{Cite web|author=Nguyen|first=Alexander|title=Santa Monica-Based Actor Odera Owiso Died After Collapsing During Rehearsal in Kentucky|date=7 November 2016|publisher=[[Patch Media]]|url=https://patch.com/california/santamonica/santa-monica-based-actor-odera-owiso-died-after-collapsing-during-rehearsal|accessdate=27 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Mabel|first=Winnie|title=The Originals' Papa Tunde dead after collapsing on set|publisher=[[Tuko]]|url=https://www.tuko.co.ke/221035-top-kenyan-award-wining-hollywood-actor-dead.html|accessdate=27 March 2020}}</ref> N'afọ 2015, a họpụtara Odera maka Lucille Lortel Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Play maka arụmọrụ ya na Katori Hall's play Our Lady of Kibeho na Signature Theatre .<ref name="kramer">{{Cite web|author=Kramer|first=Elizabeth|title='Detroit '67' canceled after actor's death|date=7 November 2016|publisher=[[The Courier-Journal]]|url=https://www.courier-journal.com/story/entertainment/theater/2016/11/07/actors-cancels-detroit-67-after-artists-death/93435966/|accessdate=27 March 2020}}</ref> == Mmalite ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == A mụrụ Odera na Khartoum, Sudan nye nne Kenya bụ Millicent Obaso na nna ya bụ Henry Odera Oruka n'ọnwa Machị afọ 1974.<ref name="thomas"/> Ọ gara St. Mary's School, Nairobi, ma gụsịa akwụkwọ na klas nke afọ 1991.<ref name="thomas"/> Odera nwetara agụmakwụkwọ iji mụọ sayensị kọmputa na Earlham College n'afọ 1992.<ref name="thomas" /> Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Earlham n'afọ 1996.<ref name="kramer"/> O nwetakwara nzere masta site na mmemme agụsịa akwụkwọ na Mahadum California, San Diego .<ref name="thomas" /><ref name="george">{{Cite web|author=George Orido|title=Kenyan Hollywood star dies in the US|date=6 November 2016|publisher=[[The Standard (Kenya)]]|url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2000222373/kenyan-hollywood-star-dies-in-the-us|accessdate=27 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Hebert|first=James|title=Casting update: Globe replaces two actors|date=16 March 2011|publisher=[[The Baltimore Sun]]|url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/sdut-casting-shakeups-globe-replaces-two-actors-2011mar16-story.html|accessdate=27 March 2020|archivedate=27 March 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200327152055/https://www.baltimoresun.com/sdut-casting-shakeups-globe-replaces-two-actors-2011mar16-story.html}}</ref> Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na UCSD n'afọ 2005.<ref name="thomas" /> == Ọrụ == N'elu ikpo okwu, ọ rụrụ na Katori Hall's Our Lady of Kibeho na Signature Theatre, Mat Smart's Samuel J. na K. ya na Justin Long na Williamstown Theatre Festival, na Jay O. Sanders' Unexplored Interior na Museum of Jewish Heritage .<ref name="olivia">{{Cite web|author=Clement|first=Olivia|title=Actors Theatre of Louisville Cancels Show After Company Member Dies|date=8 November 2016|publisher=[[Playbill]]|url=https://www.playbill.com/article/actors-theatre-of-louisville-cancels-show-after-company-member-dies|accessdate=27 March 2020}}</ref> Ọ pụtara na usoro telivishọn The Originals, The Good Wife na ''Madam Secretary'' .<ref name="olivia"/> Usoro telivishọn ''ndị'' ọzọ ọ pụtara na ha gụnyere Unforgettable, Three Rivers, ''FlashForward'', Minority Report, NCIS: Los Angeles, ''The Unit'', Numbers, The Millers na Blue Bloods .<ref name="thomas"/> Ọ pụtakwara na usoro ''Dirt'' .<ref name="pedersen">{{Cite web|author=Pedersen|first=Erik|title=Owiso Odera Dies: Kenyan Actor From 'The Originals' & 'Dirt' Was 43|date=7 November 2016|publisher=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|url=https://deadline.com/2016/11/owiso-odera-dead-kenyan-actor-the-originals-dirt-1201850477/|accessdate=27 March 2020}}</ref> Odera pụtakwara na ''ihe'' nkiri afọ 2007 Relative Obscurity ya na Larisa Oleynik .<ref>{{Cite news|author=Hanft|first=Lila|title='Relative Obscurity' pushes local filmmaker into the limelight|date=22 March 2007|work=[[Cleveland Jewish News]]|url=https://www.clevelandjewishnews.com/archives/relative-obscurity-pushes-local-filmmaker-into-the-limelight/article_562e485a-3094-5bbd-a622-555b18f7dba5.html|accessdate=27 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190518151415/https://www.clevelandjewishnews.com/archives/relative-obscurity-pushes-local-filmmaker-into-the-limelight/article_562e485a-3094-5bbd-a622-555b18f7dba5.html|archive-date=18 May 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ndụ onwe na ọnwụ == Odera lụrụ Nicole Comp.<ref name="thomas"/> N'oge ọnwụ ya, Odera bi na Santa Monica, California.<ref name="pedersen"/><ref>{{Cite web|author=Pedersen|first=Erik|title=Owiso Odera Dies: Kenyan Actor From 'The Originals' & 'Dirt' Was 43|date=7 November 2016|publisher=[[Yahoo! Finance]]|url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/owiso-odera-dies-kenyan-actor-002147721.html|accessdate=27 March 2020}}</ref> Odera nwụrụ na Nọvemba 3, 2016 mgbe ọ dara n'elu ikpo okwu n'oge mmegharị nke Dominique Morisseau's ''Detroit '67'' na Galt House na Louisville, Kentucky.<ref name="kramer"/><ref name="pedersen"/> Ọ dị afọ iri anọ na abụọ.<ref name="thomas"/> Ndị ezinụlọ ya ekpugheghị ihe kpatara ọnwụ ya.<ref name="pedersen" /> Ọ hapụrụ nwunye ya, Nicole, ụmụnne ya ndị nwanyị Sheila na Sharon na ụmụnne ya ndị nwoke Peter na Ronnie.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Originals Actor Owiso Odera Dies After Collapsing On Stage|date=7 November 2016|publisher=[[Contactmusic.com]]|url=http://www.contactmusic.net/news/the-originals-actor-owiso-odera-dies-after-collapsing-on-stage_5453868|accessdate=27 March 2020|archivedate=27 March 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200327150307/http://www.contactmusic.net/news/the-originals-actor-owiso-odera-dies-after-collapsing-on-stage_5453868}}</ref> == Edemsibịa == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * {{IMDb name|2073412}} * Owiso Odera at the Internet Off-Broadway Database jde8e1esp0a60xf53tcxqjstqsojznl 0 18116 736912 140749 2026-10-09T11:20:35Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 736912 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Garrett Robin Hamler''', ónyé a maara dịka '''Sean Garrett''', bụ ónyé America na-agụ egwu, ónyé na-ede egwu, na onye na-emepụta ihe ndekọ. Ọ bụ ónyé na-ahụ maka usoro ihe osise dị n'elu, ọkachasị Usher's "Yeah!" nke nọ n'ọnọdụ nke abụọ na ''Billboard'' Hot 100 Songs of the Decade maka afọ 2000, na egwu ndị ọzọ o dere nke gụnyere egwu Ciara "Goodies", egwu izizi nke Teairra Marí "Make Her Feel Good", egwu Mario "Break Up", egwu mbụ nke [[Nicki Minaj]] "Massive Attack", egwu egwu egwu mbụ nke The Pussycat Dolls "Buttons", na Britney Spears' "Toy Soldier". Garrett emepụtala irí na asatọ nke ọnụ ọgụgụ otu n'ime afọ asaa nke ịmepụta egwu, na-etinye ya n'ọnọdụ nke ise na ndepụta ''Billboard'' nke ndị na-emepụta ihe nwéré ọnụ ọgụgụ kachasị. Garrett bụ ónyé mmepụta mbụ iji nweta ihe ịga nke ọma a n'ihe na-erughị afọ iri kemgbe George Martin, ónyé mepụtara 20 ọnụ ọgụgụ-otu maka The Beatles na 1⁄2 afọ site na 1964 ruo 1970. Ọ bụkwa naanị onye na-emepụta hip hop na-arụsi ọrụ ike nke a kpọtụrụ aha na ndepụta ''Billboard'' nke ndị na-emepụta nwéré ọnụ ọgụgụ kachasị. [citation needed] == Onyinye na nhọpụta == * Onyinye Egwú Soul Train ** 2009, Njikọ Kasị Mma "Break Up" (onye a họpụtara)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rap-up.com/2009/11/04/2009-soul-train-awards/|title=2009 Soul Train Awards|work=Rap-Up|date=November 4, 2009|accessdate=March 30, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220516144002/https://www.rap-up.com/2009/11/04/2009-soul-train-awards/|archive-date=May 16, 2022|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] o2sn6rl0ck97vopc0kzlswak1d9pe7u 0 19192 736911 725185 2026-10-09T11:04:23Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 736911 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Category:Articles with short description]] [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with hCards]] [[Category:Pages using infobox musical artist with associated acts]] [[Usòrò:Sarkodie_2.jpg|thumb|Sarkodie ]] '''Michael Owusu Addo''' (amụrụ na Julaị 10, 1985) nke a maara dị ka '''Sarkodie''' bụ onye na-eti egwu, onye na-ede egwu, na onye ọchụnta ego si Tema.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://amdb.co/artist/sarkodie/|title=Sarkodie Biography|website=amdb.co|access-date=8 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180823105722/https://amdb.co/artist/sarkodie|archive-date=23 August 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Enyemaka ya na ụlọ ọrụ egwu Ghana emeela ka o nweta ọtụtụ otuto, nke gụnyere Vodafone Ghana Music Award maka "Artiste of the Decade". A mara ọkwa na ọ bụ onye mmeri mbụ nke BET's Best International Flow artist na 2019 BET Hip Hop Awards.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sarkodie winner of BET Best International Flow Award|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Sarkodie-wins-BET-Best-International-Flow-award-786657|date=6 October 2019|accessdate=6 October 2019}}</ref> A na-ewerekwa ya dị ka otu n'ime ndị isi na-akwado ụdị egwu Azonto na ịgba egwu na otu n'etiti ndị rapper Africa kachasị nwee ọganihu n'oge niile. == Ndụ na ọrụ == === Mbido ndụ na mmalite ọrụ === A mụrụ Sarkodie, nwa nke anọ n'ime ụmụ ise na July 10, 1985.<ref name="Brown 2020">{{Cite web|author=Brown|first=Eugene|title=Sarkodie Full Biography, Music Career, Family and Awards - News|work=Mdundo.com|date=25 February 2020|url=https://mdundo.com/news/19124|accessdate=3 February 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://amdb.co/artist/sarkodie/|title=Sarkodie Biography|website=amdb.co|access-date=8 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180823105722/https://amdb.co/artist/sarkodie|archive-date=23 August 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> A zụlitere ya na Koforidua tupu nne na nna ya akwaga Tema ebe ọ malitere agụmakwụkwọ. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Tema Methodist Day Senior High School wee gaa IPMC, ebe ọ nwetara akara ugo mmụta na eserese eserese. Sarkodie malitere ọrụ egwu ya dị ka onye na-eti egwu n'okpuru ala, na-ekere òkè na asọmpi rap Adom FM na-ewu ewu Kasahare Level. Ọ zutere onye bụbu onye njikwa ya Duncan Williams nke Duncwills Entertainment mgbe ọ na-ekere òkè na asọmpi ahụ a kpọtụrụ aha n'elu. Ọ zutekwara ndị egwu Edem na Castro, bụ ndị mere ka ọ mata Hammer of The Last Two, onye na-emepụta ihe ndekọ. N'ịbụ onye rap ya masịrị, Hammer nyere Sarkodie ohere idekọ egwu abụọ maka Edems debut album ''Volta'' Regime.<ref>{{Cite web|author=EverydayNewsGH|date=2022-04-01|title=Sarkodie Biography, Wife, Children, Businesses, Songs and Networth 2022|url=https://everydaynewsgh.com/personality-profile/sarkodie-biography-wife-children-businesses-songs-and-networth-2022/|accessdate=2022-08-02|work=EverydayNewsGH, Ghana News, Current Job Updates, Schorlaships, Showbiz News, Ghana|language=en-US}}</ref> === 2009-2012: ''Makye'' na Rapperholic === N'ịgbaso mmekorita ya na Hammer, Sarkodie dekọrọ abọm izizi ya bụ ''Makye'' . Ọ bụ Killbeatz na Jayso mepụtara ya. Abọm ahụ gosipụtara ndị ọbịa si Kwaw Kese, J-Town, Sway na Paedae nke R2Bees. ''Makye'' nwetara nyocha dị mma site n'aka ndị nkatọ na ndị na-akwado ya. A kwadoro ya site na egwu egwu e mere na Holy City Gardens na Accra.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mail.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/blogs/blog.article.php?blog=1603&ID=1000002937|title=Sarkodie concert|date=July 12, 2012|accessdate=July 12, 2012}}</ref> N'abalị iri na isii n'ọnwa Septemba n'afọ 2009, Sarkodie so Busta Rhymes rụọ ọrụ na Busta Rhys Live na [[Ghana]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://m.modernghana.com/music/10050/3/busta-rhymes-sarkodie-steal-show.html|title=Busta Rhymes, Sarkodie steal show|accessdate=16 September 2009|date=16 September 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518104056/http://m.modernghana.com/music/10050/3/busta-rhymes-sarkodie-steal-show.html|archivedate=2015-05-18}}</ref> N'afọ 2010, abụ ya "Push" na "Baby" nọ n'ọnọdụ nke itoolu na nke iri na atọ na Joy FM's Top 50 songs of 2009, n'otu n'otu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/artikel.php?ID=174662|title=Joy Fm top 50 of 2009|accessdate=January 5, 2010|date=January 5, 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150701193111/http://www.mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/artikel.php?ID=174662|archivedate=2015-07-01}}</ref> Otu egwu nke abọm ahụ bụ "Baby" nke gosipụtara Mugeez nke R2bees ghọrọ ihe na-ewu ewu ozugbo ma nye Sarkodie ihe ngosi.<ref>{{Cite web|work=Ghana Celebrities.com|title=Sarkodie|url=http://www.ghanacelebrities.com/sarkodie|accessdate=4 April 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130424191614/http://www.ghanacelebrities.com/sarkodie|archivedate=2013-04-24}}</ref> E wepụtara abọm studio nke abụọ nke Sarkodie bụ Rapperholic n'afọ 2012. Ọ na-egosipụta ndị ọbịa si Efya, Chidynma, Mugeez nke R2Bees, Obrafour, Jayso na EL. Abọm ahụ nwetara nkwado ise: "Good Bye", "One Time For Your Mind", "You Go Kill Me", "Living Legend", na "Onyame N Ruth". Ọ nwetara nyocha dị mma site n'aka ndị nkatọ egwu. Sarkodie gara njem mba niile iji kwado abọm ahụ. Rapperholic nwetara Sarkodie nhọpụta BET mbụ ya na mmeri sochirinụ. E gosipụtakwara Sarkodie na BET Hip Hop Awards cypher n'akụkụ Talib Kweli, Jean Grae na Ab-Soul. Ọ bụ naanị onye Afrịka gosipụtara na cypher.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ghanaculturepolitics.com/sarkodie-featured-in-bet-hiphop-awards-cypher-2012/|title=Sarkodie featured in bet hippop awards cypher 2012|date=September 29, 2012|accessdate=September 29, 2012|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20150428164505/http://www.ghanaculturepolitics.com/sarkodie-featured-in-bet-hiphop-awards-cypher-2012/|archivedate=2015-04-28}}</ref> Na 7 Julaị 2012, Sarkodie malitere njem ya na [[Kánada|Canada]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ghostinfostv.com/2012/05/sarkodie-canadian-tour-performing-in.html?m=1|title=Sarkodie Canadian tour|accessdate=7 May 2012|date=7 May 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518070814/http://www.ghostinfostv.com/2012/05/sarkodie-canadian-tour-performing-in.html?m=1|archivedate=2015-05-18}}</ref> Ọ gara United States n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2012, na-eme ihe na obodo na steeti dịka New York City, [[Ohaïyo|Ohio]], [[Nú Jezị|New Jersey]], [[Mérílạnd|Maryland]], Atlanta, Chicago, [[Texas]] na [[Másáchusẹts|Massachusetts]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ghanamusic.com/news/upcoming-events/sarkodies-first-stop-in-usa-is-new-york/index.html|title=Sarkodie first stop in USA is New York|accessdate=11 July 2011|date=11 July 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713031629/http://www.ghanamusic.com/news/upcoming-events/sarkodies-first-stop-in-usa-is-new-york/index.html|archivedate=2011-07-13}}</ref> Mgbe ọ tọhapụrụ Rapperholic, Sarkodie malitere njem iji kwalite abọm ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://exposeghana.com/2012/12/sarkodies-rapperholic-concert-obrafour-efya-ice-prince-others-to-perform/|title=Sarkodie rapperholic concert|accessdate=18 December 2012|date=18 December 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140520133802/http://exposeghana.com/2012/12/sarkodies-rapperholic-concert-obrafour-efya-ice-prince-others-to-perform/|archivedate=2014-05-20}}</ref> N'abalị iri abụọ na asaa n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2012, Sarkodie so R2Bees, Fally [[Fally Ipupa|Ipupa]] na [[Iyanya]] mee ihe na Africa Unplugged Music Festival.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Sarkodie-R2bees-to-perform-Africa-Unplugged-Music-Festival-248230|title=Sarkodie and r2bees to perform at Africa Unnplugged|accessdate=22 August 2012|date=21 August 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150711072625/http://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Sarkodie-R2bees-to-perform-Africa-Unplugged-Music-Festival-248230|archivedate=2015-07-11}}</ref> N'afọ 2012, Sarkodie so Ludacris mee "How Low" na 020 Live concerts.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ghanamusic.com/news/top-stories/ludacris-brings-sarkodie-on-stage-vodafone-020-live/index.html|title=Ludacris brings Sarkodie on stage|accessdate=2 October 2012|date=2 October 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121005015929/http://www.ghanamusic.com/news/top-stories/ludacris-brings-sarkodie-on-stage-vodafone-020-live/index.html|archivedate=2012-10-05}}</ref> === 2013-2014: ''Sarkology'', Sarkcess Music, na Africa Rising Campaign === N'abalị iri atọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2013, Sarkodie wepụtara remix nke egwu "You Go Kill Me". Abụ ahụ rutere na nọmba 1 na chaatị dị iche iche na [[Ghana]]. Remix ya gosipụtara olu sitere na [[Wizkid]], Ice [[Ice Prince|Prince]], Navio na EL.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.totalshowbiz.com/36818/sarkodie-drops-u-go-kill-me-remix-ft-ice-prince-e-l-navio-and-wizkid/|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20150428164525/http://www.totalshowbiz.com/36818/sarkodie-drops-u-go-kill-me-remix-ft-ice-prince-e-l-navio-and-wizkid/|archivedate=April 28, 2015|title=Sarkodie drops u go kill me remix|date=October 30, 2013|accessdate=November 1, 2013}}</ref> Na Jenụwarị afọ 2014, Sarkodie wepụtara abọm studio nke atọ ya bụ ''Sarkology'' . N'ịbụ nke edere na Twi, abọm ahụ gosipụtara ndị ọbịa si Fuse ODG, [[Davido]], [[Tiwa Savage]], [[Banky W.|Banky W]]., [[Timaya]], [[2Baba|2]] Face Idibia, Efya, Mugeez, Obrafour, Burna Boy, Vivian Chidid, Vector, Silvastone, Sk Blinks, [[Stonebwoy]], Joey B, J Town, Lil Shaker, Raquel, Sian, Kofi B, na [[AKA (rapper)|AKA]]. Ọ bụ Magnom, Hammer, Killbeatz, [[Masterkraft (producer)|Masterkraft]] na Silvastone, na ndị ọzọ na-emepụta ya. E mere egwu mmalite nke abọm ahụ na Accra Sports Stadium n'ọnwa Disemba.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nydjlive.com/41773/leak-tracklist-for-sarkodies-30-track-sarkology-album-timaya-2-face-others-make-it/|title=Tracklist of Sarkodie's 30 track album|date=December 21, 2013|accessdate=December 21, 2013}}</ref> Sarkodie wepụtara remix nke "Adonai". Ọ na-egosipụta olu sitere na Castro ma pụta na ndepụta Capital Xtra nke Top 35 Afrobeats Songs.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.www.capitalxtra.com/xplore/lists/best-afrobeats-songs-2014/#hZjg4dK4Z4wBjVjO.97|title=The 35 best Afro beats songs|date=December 5, 2014|accessdate=December 5, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150301190711/http://www.capitalxtra.com/xplore/lists/best-afrobeats-songs-2014/#hZjg4dK4Z4wBjVjO.97|archivedate=March 1, 2015}}</ref> Sarkodie malitere akara ndekọ egwu ya a kpọrọ Sarkcess Music na 2014. Dị ka akụkụ nke mwepụta ahụ, ọ gosipụtara vidiyo maka "Adonai" (Remix) na "Special Someone". Sarkodie weputara egwu "Megye Wo Girl", "Love Rocks", "Chingum", na "Whine Fi Me" n'okpuru akara ahụ. Na 3 Mee 2014, Sarkodie rụrụ ọrụ na mbipụta nke iri na ise nke Ghana Music Awards .<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.spyghana.com/incredible-performance-of-sarkodiecastro-and-others-at-2014-vgma/|title=Incredible performance of sarkodie, Castro and others at 2014 vgma|accessdate=3 May 2014|date=5 May 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518073850/http://www.spyghana.com/incredible-performance-of-sarkodiecastro-and-others-at-2014-vgma/|archivedate=2015-05-18}}</ref> Na 7 June 2014, ọ sonyeere Miguel n'elu ikpo okwu iji mee egwu nke ikpeazụ "How Many Drinks?" na MTV Africa Music Awards.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ameyawdebrah.com/missed-watch-sarkodies-performance-drake-mtv-africa-music-awards/|title=If you missed it... Watch Sarkodie performance with Miguel at Mtv Africa Music Awards|accessdate=13 June 2014|date=7 June 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140616011504/http://www.ameyawdebrah.com/missed-watch-sarkodies-performance-drake-mtv-africa-music-awards/|archivedate=2014-06-16}}</ref> Na June 2014, Sarkodie sonyeere Mi Casa, Lola Rae, [[Davido]], [[Diamond Platnumz]] na [[Tiwa Savage]] iji dekọọ "Africa Rising", abụ maka mkpọsa DSTV nke otu aha ahụ. E mere mkpọsa ahụ iji kpalie ndị Afrịka isonye na ọrụ itinye ego na obodo. E wepụtara vidiyo egwu maka "Africa Rising" na June 24, afọ 2014. Ọ bụ ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe South Africa bụ Callback Dream gbara ya ma duzie ya.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Kaggwa|first=Andrew|title=DStv launches new campaign to inspire Africa|url=http://www.observer.ug/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=32496:-dstv-launches-new-campaign-to-inspire-africa&catid=42:sizzling-entertainment&Itemid=74|publisher=The observer|accessdate=23 July 2014|date=29 June 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140729024039/http://www.observer.ug/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=32496:-dstv-launches-new-campaign-to-inspire-africa&catid=42:sizzling-entertainment&Itemid=74|archivedate=2014-07-29}}</ref> === 2015-2018: ''Meri'' na Onye ''Kasị Elu'' === Na 10 June 2015, Sarkodie wepụtara "New Guy" nke Ace Hood nyere aka. A tọhapụrụ ya maka oriri dijitalụ na 10 June 2015 site na Sarkcess Music na Ivy League Records. N'ịbụ nke ndị omenkà abụọ ahụ dere ma bụrụ nke CedSolo mepụtara, "New Guy" bụ abụ hip hop na hip hop nke Afrịka nke nwere amaokwu rap na-agbanwe agbanwe, ebe okwu ya na-ekwu maka ọchịchọ na mkpali Sarkodie maka ihe ịga nke ọma. Mmepe maka "New Guy" malitere na mbido afọ 2015 mgbe Sarkodie kwụrụ ego rụrụ pụkụ dọla ịrị abụọ na ise iji kpuchie ụgwọ mmepụta metụtara ndekọ ahụ.<ref name="NYDJLive.com sneak peek">{{Cite web|author=Donkoh|first=Ebenezer|title=Sneak Preview: Sarkodie ft Ace Hood – New Guy|url=http://nydjlive.com/55085/sneak-preview-sarkodie-ft-ace-hood-new-guy/|work=NYDJLive.com|accessdate=22 October 2016|date=15 May 2015}}</ref> Ọ chọkwara ka Ace Hood pụta na egwu ahụ n'ihi na o weere ya dị ka "otu n'ime ndị rapper kachasị ike n'ụwa".<ref name="Pulse review and release">{{Cite news|author=Mawuli|first=David|title=Sarkodie: Rapper explains why he featured Ace Hood on "New Guy"|url=http://pulse.com.gh/music/sarkodie-rapper-explains-why-he-featured-ace-hood-on-new-guy-id3770678.html|accessdate=22 October 2016|work=Pulse|date=18 May 2015|archive-date=5 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305070719/http://pulse.com.gh/music/sarkodie-rapper-explains-why-he-featured-ace-hood-on-new-guy-id3770678.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Na 12 Septemba 2015, Sarkodie wepụtara Mary, abọm a na-akpọ aha nne nne ya nwụrụ na 2012.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.yfmghana.com/entertainment/sarkodie-announces-new-album-title-dedicates-it-to-his-granny|title=Sarkodie announces new album title|date=December 30, 2014|accessdate=January 1, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150418225549/http://www.yfmghana.com/entertainment/sarkodie-announces-new-album-title-dedicates-it-to-his-granny|archivedate=April 18, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pulse.com.gh/music/mary-sarkodie-to-launch-live-album-on-september-12-id3993398.html|title=Sarkodie to launch live album on September 12|date=July 20, 2015|accessdate=July 20, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150803194202/http://pulse.com.gh/music/mary-sarkodie-to-launch-live-album-on-september-12-id3993398.html|archivedate=2015-08-03}}</ref> A tọhapụrụ "Mewu" dị ka onye isi egwu site na abọm ọnwa abụọ tupu mgbe ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ghanandwom.com/sarkodie-mewu-feat-akwaboah/|title=Sarkodie Mewu|date=July 10, 2015|accessdate=July 10, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150710224615/http://www.ghanandwom.com/sarkodie-mewu-feat-akwaboah/|archivedate=2015-07-10}}</ref> E mere nnọkọ nke abọm ahụ na West Hills Mall na Accra. Sarkodie rere ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ pụkụ anọ nke abọm ahụ n'ụbọchị mbụ a tọhapụrụ ya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://georgebritton.com/gb/latest-news.php?newsid=862#sthash.e3kRbpYA.KbMEie6b.dpbs|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220217115106/http://georgebritton.com/gb/latest-news.php?newsid=862#sthash.e3kRbpYA.KbMEie6b.dpbs|archivedate=February 17, 2022|title=Sarkodie Mary Album Sells Almost 4,000 Copies In A Day|date=September 12, 2015|accessdate=September 14, 2015}}</ref> N'ọnwa Febụwarị 2016, ọ gwara otu ụmụ akwụkwọ Harvard Business School okwu. N'ịbụ nke isiokwu ya bụ "The Art of the Hustle", okwu ya bụ isi ihe ịma aka ndị metụtara ịbụ onye egwu Africa. Sarkodie mekwara ihe omume ahụ mgbe okwu ya gasịrị.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sarkodie speaks at Harvard|url=http://www.todaygh.com/sarkodie-speaks-at-harvard/|publisher=Today Newspaper|accessdate=9 September 2017|date=29 February 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170706035624/http://www.todaygh.com/sarkodie-speaks-at-harvard/|archivedate=2017-07-06}}</ref> Sarkodie mere mbipụta nke anọ nke egwu Rapperholic ya n'ụbọchị Krismas. Tiketi maka ihe omume ahụ rere n'ime awa ịrị asaa na abụọ mgbe a tọhapụrụ ya. Egwuregwu ahụ gosipụtara ihe ngosi ndị ọzọ sitere na Fuse ODG, R2Bees, Wizkid, Samini, VVIP, Efya na Shatta Wale.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Video-Full-performance-at-Sarkodie-s-Rapperholic-Concert-403475|title=Sarkodie RapperholicConcert|accessdate=26 December 2015|date=25 December 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105090656/http://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Video-Full-performance-at-Sarkodie-s-Rapperholic-Concert-403475|archivedate=2016-01-05}}</ref> N'abalị iri na otu n'ọnwa Machị n'afọ 2016, Sarkodie so ndị otu egwu The Composers rụọ ọrụ na O2's Indigo venue; DJ Abrantee kwadoro ihe omume ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ameyawdebrah.com/dress-change-crazy-fans-exclusives-photos-sarkodie-concert-o2-arena/|title=Sarkodie Live At The O2 Arena|accessdate=13 March 2016|date=11 March 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313235750/http://ameyawdebrah.com/dress-change-crazy-fans-exclusives-photos-sarkodie-concert-o2-arena/|archivedate=2016-03-13}}</ref> Sarkodie wepụtara abọm egwu ya nke ise a kpọrọ 'Highest' na 8 Septemba 2017. Ọ nwere egwu iri na itoolu, gụnyere interludes atọ na egwu bonus.<ref>{{Cite web|first=David|author=Mawuli|title=Sarkodie to drop 5th studio album September 8|url=http://www.pulse.com.gh/entertainment/music/highest-sarkodie-to-drop-5th-studio-album-september-8-id7172213.html|publisher=Pulse|accessdate=9 September 2017|date=19 August 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170909095833/http://www.pulse.com.gh/entertainment/music/highest-sarkodie-to-drop-5th-studio-album-september-8-id7172213.html|archivedate=2017-09-09}}</ref> N'ịbụ nke a tọhapụrụ site na Sarkcess Music na Dice Recordings, abọm ahụ gosipụtara ndị ọbịa si Jesse Jagz, Moelogo, Flavour, [[Korede Bello]], [[Lilian Bach|Victoria Kimani]] na Big Narstie. Ọ bụ Jayso mepụtara Highest, yana mmepụta ọzọ site na [[Masterkraft (producer)|Masterkraft]], TSpize, Ced Solo, Nova na Guilty Beatz.<ref>{{Cite web|first=Sabo|author=Kpade|title=The Artist Is Present: Sarkodie's New Album, 'Highest,' Is A Ghanaian Rap Tour De Force|url=http://www.okayafrica.com/audio/sarkodie-highest-new-album-download/|publisher=OkayAfrica|accessdate=9 September 2017|date=8 September 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170909100055/http://www.okayafrica.com/audio/sarkodie-highest-new-album-download/|archivedate=2017-09-09}}</ref> === 2019: ''Alpha'' na Black Love === Sarkodie wepụtara egwuregwu mbụ ya bụ ''Alpha'' na June 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Alpha - EP by Sarkodie|url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/alpha-ep/1466102951|work=Apple Music|accessdate=24 December 2019|date=June 7, 2019}}</ref> EP ahụ nke nwere egwu isii gosipụtara ndị ọbịa si Joey B na Ebony Reigns.<ref name="Joy Online 2">{{Cite web|first=Nasiba|author=Yakubu|title=Sarkodie to release collab with Ebony in new Alpha EP|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2019/May-28th/sarkodie-to-release-collab-with-ebony-in-new-alpha-ep.php|work=Joy Online 2|accessdate=24 December 2019|date=28 March 2019}}</ref> Sarkodie mere ihe ọchị maka mmekọrịta ya na Reigns n'oge egwu Ebony Reigns, nke na-echeta onye na-agụ egwu nwụrụ anwụ.<ref name="Joy Online 2" /> O weputara abọm studio ya nke ise Black Love na Disemba 20, 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Black Love by Sarkodie|url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/black-love/1491382459|work=Apple Music|accessdate=23 December 2019|date=December 20, 2019|archivedate=24 December 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191224003153/https://music.apple.com/us/album/black-love/1491382459}}</ref> Ọ na-egosipụta ndị ọbịa na-ese ihe dịka [[Mr Eazi|Maazị Eazi]], Efya, Donae'o, [[Idris Elba]], [[Stonebwoy]], [[Tekno (musician)|Tekno]], [[Maleek Berry]], Herman Suede, King Promise na [[Kizz Daniel]].<ref name="OkayAfrica 1">{{Cite web|first=Damola|author=Durosomo|title=Sarkodie Releases New Album 'Black Love'|url=https://www.okayafrica.com/stream-listen-sarkodie-new-album-black-love-ghanaian-rap-hip-hop/|work=OkayAfrica 1|accessdate=23 December 2019|date=December 20, 2019}}</ref> Abọm ahụ kwadoro site na egwu ndị e wepụtara na mbụ "Party & Bullshit", "Saara", "Do You" na "Can't Let Go".<ref name="OkayAfrica 1" /> N'ajụjụ ọnụ ya na OkayAfrica na Nọvemba, Sarkodie kwuru na abọm ahụ na-enyocha isiokwu nke ịhụnanya na mmekọrịta ndị isi ojii.<ref name="OkayAfrica 1" /> N'abalị iri na itoolu n'ọnwa Eprel, 2021, Sarkodie kwupụtara na a ga-ewepụta Abọm egwu ya nke asaa n'oge na-adịghị anya nke akpọrọ "No Pressure". E bulitela vidiyo na YouTube, na-atụ anya ihe ndị na-akwado ga-atụ anya site na abọm ahụ. Otú ọ dị, na Julaị 25, 2021, Sarkodie kwupụtara ụbọchị 5 nke abọm ahụ nke a ga-ewepụta na Julayi 30, 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sarkodie Starts 5 Days Countdown To ‘No Pressure’ Album Release|url=https://www.africabillboard.com/sarkodie-starts-5-days-countdown-to-no-pressure-album-release/|accessdate=2022-05-18|work=AfricaBillboard|archivedate=2022-07-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220701020754/https://www.africabillboard.com/sarkodie-starts-5-days-countdown-to-no-pressure-album-release/}}</ref> === 2021: ''Enweghị'' Pressure Album === Sakodie wepụtara abọm ahụ, No Pressure, na 30th July, 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-07-17|title=Sarkdie's 'No Pressure' track list drops with features from Wale, Kwesi Arthur and more|url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/entertainment/music/sarkdies-no-pressure-track-list-drops-with-features-from-wale-kwesi-arthur-and-more/dqnmwnv|accessdate=2021-08-01|work=Pulse Ghana|language=en}}</ref> Abọm ahụ gosipụtara Wale, Vic Mensa, Giggs, Cassper Nyovest, Harmonize, Oxlade, [[Kwesi Arthur]], Darko Vibes, Medikal, na MOGmusic.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-07-30|title=Sarkodie releases No Pressure album|url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/sarkodie-releases-no-pressure-album|accessdate=2021-08-21|work=Music In Africa|language=en}}</ref> == Nkwado == Sarkodie na-abụkarị rap n'asụsụ obodo ya Twi, asụsụ Ghana, a na-ewerekwa ya dị ka "onye na-eti egwu dị iche iche" n'ihi ụdị egwu dị ichelekana o nwere. A na-akpọkarị Sarkodie otu n'ime ndị na-ese egwu hip hop kachasị n'Afrịka.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ghana Web|url=http://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Sarkodie-is-the-greatest-in-the-game-Khuli-Chana-463613|date=19 August 2016|accessdate=19 August 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160824135619/http://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Sarkodie-is-the-greatest-in-the-game-Khuli-Chana-463613|archivedate=2016-08-24}}</ref> MTV Base mere ya onye nke isii na ndepụta ya nke ndị MC kachasị mma n'Africa na 2014.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mtv Base hottest MC's|url=http://www.mtvbase.com/news/mtv-base-hottest-african-mcs/|date=2 October 2014|accessdate=2 October 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141009201215/http://www.mtvbase.com/news/mtv-base-hottest-african-mcs|archivedate=2014-10-09}}</ref> N'afọ 2013, Lynx TV họpụtara ya nke mbụ na ndepụta ya nke "Top 10 Ghanaian Rappers of All Time".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Top 10 Ghanaian rappers of all time|url=http://www.ghanacelebrities.com/2013/01/13/top-10-ghanaian-rappers-of-all-time-do-you-agree/|date=13 January 2013|accessdate=13 January 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115173313/http://www.ghanacelebrities.com/2013/01/13/top-10-ghanaian-rappers-of-all-time-do-you-agree|archivedate=2013-01-15}}</ref> N'afọ 2015, AfricaRanking.com mere ya onye nke atọ na ndepụta ya nke "Top 10 African Rappers of 2015".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Top 10 African rappers|url=http://www.africaranking.com/top-10-african-rappers/2/|date=20 April 2015|accessdate=20 April 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518111321/http://www.africaranking.com/top-10-african-rappers/2/|archivedate=2015-05-18}}</ref> N'afọ 2015, ''The Guardian'' depụtara ya dị ka otu n'ime ndị ise kachasị egwu hip hop na kọntinent Afrịka.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The playlist African hip hop|work=[[TheGuardian.com]]|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2015/jun/15/the-playlist-african-pop-olamide-aka-youssoupha-sarkodie-jovi-mtv-africa-music-awards|date=15 June 2015|accessdate=15 June 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150615181002/http://www.theguardian.com/music/2015/jun/15/the-playlist-african-pop-olamide-aka-youssoupha-sarkodie-jovi-mtv-africa-music-awards|archivedate=2015-06-15}}</ref> Ọ nọ n'ọnọdụ nke 8 na Forbes na Channel O's 2013 na 2015 ndepụta nke Top 10 Richest / Bankable African Artistes.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wizkid richer than 2Face, Banky W – Forbes|url=http://thecityreporters.com/wizkid-richer-than-2face-banky-w-forbes/|publisher=The City Reporters|accessdate=15 December 2013|date=2 September 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150701173535/http://thecityreporters.com/wizkid-richer-than-2face-banky-w-forbes/|archivedate=2015-07-01}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Sarkodie Makes Forbes Top 10 Richest Africa Artistes|url=http://thechronicle.com.gh/sarkodie-makes-forbes-top-10-richest-africa-artistes/|publisher=The Chronicle|accessdate=15 December 2013|date=3 September 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212140718/http://thechronicle.com.gh/sarkodie-makes-forbes-top-10-richest-africa-artistes/|archivedate=2013-12-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Forbes Top 10 Richest African Musicians|url=http://howafrica.com/forbes-top-10-richest-african-musicians-for-2015/|publisher=How Africa|accessdate=29 September 2015|date=29 September 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930021338/http://howafrica.com/forbes-top-10-richest-african-musicians-for-2015/|archivedate=2015-09-30}}</ref> N'afọ 2020, ọ meriri "Artiste of the Year" n'oge Ghana Music Awards USA (GMA USA).<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ichrisgh.com/blog/2020/10/11/sarkodie-wins-artiste-of-the-year-gma-usa-2020-winners/ |title=Sarkodie wins Artiste of the Year, Ghana Music Awards USA (GMA USA) 2020 winners (full list) |accessdate=2022-08-26 |archivedate=2022-08-26 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220826224614/https://ichrisgh.com/blog/2020/10/11/sarkodie-wins-artiste-of-the-year-gma-usa-2020-winners/ }}</ref> == Ọrụ ebere == Na Julaị 13, 2013, Sarkodie malitere The Sarkodie Foundation, otu na-enweghị uru nke raara onwe ya nye ịkwado ụmụaka na-enweghị ihe ọ bụla.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sarkodie Expresses His Love For Children As He Donates To The Royal Seed Orphanage|url=https://www.modernghana.com/entertainment/22213/sarkodie-expresses-his-love-for-children-as-he.html|accessdate=2021-03-06|work=Modern Ghana|language=en}}</ref> O nyere onyinye mmesapụ aka na Royal Seed Home Orphanage na Kasoa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.omgghana.com/photos-sarkodie-foundation-donates-to-royal-seed-orphanage/|title=Sarkodie foundation donates to royal seed orphanage|date=July 13, 2013|accessdate=July 13, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150711170426/http://omgghana.com/photos-sarkodie-foundation-donates-to-royal-seed-orphanage/|archivedate=2015-07-11}}</ref> Na Disemba 25, 2014, The Foundation malitere mkpọsa ụmụaka na Tema, Ghana, ebe ha nyere ọtụtụ puku ụmụaka akpa osikapa, yogọt na ite ihe ọṅụṅụ. Ha nyekwara akpa ụlọ akwụkwọ, karama mmiri, okpu na ihe ndị ọzọ. Roshi Motman, onye isi oche nke Tigo Telecommunications, bịakwara iji kwado mkpọsa ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://livefmghana.com/2017/02/15/photos-sarkodie-supports-kwaw-keses-donation-pantang-psychiatric-hospital/|title=Photos: Sarkodie supports Kwaw Kese's donation to Pantang Psychiatric Hospital|date=2017-02-15|work=Live 91.9 FM|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-04-20|archivedate=2019-04-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420090934/http://livefmghana.com/2017/02/15/photos-sarkodie-supports-kwaw-keses-donation-pantang-psychiatric-hospital/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ghanamotion.com/sarkodie-and-his-family-spent-christmas-feeding-less-fortunate-kids/|title=Sarkodie foundation donates to royal seed orphanage|date=December 25, 2014|accessdate=December 25, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141230094952/http://www.ghanamotion.com/sarkodie-and-his-family-spent-christmas-feeding-less-fortunate-kids/|archivedate=2014-12-30}}</ref> == Ọrụ azụmahịa na nkwado == Sarkodie nwere akara ejiji Sark site na Yas, nke a malitere na Eprel 27, 2013.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sarkodie launches his Sark by Yas clothing line|url=http://www.spyghana.com/sarkodie-launches-his-sark-by-yas-clothing-line/|publisher=SpyGhana|accessdate=6 December 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131211033109/http://www.spyghana.com/sarkodie-launches-his-sark-by-yas-clothing-line/|archivedate=2013-12-11}}</ref> Usoro uwe ahụ nwere ihe eji eme ihe maka ụmụ nwoke, ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụaka.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.www.fashionghana.com/site/sarkodie-launches-sark-collection-fashion-show-tonight/|title=Sarkodie launches Sark collection fashion show night|date=27 April 2013|accessdate=27 April 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130501152255/http://www.fashionghana.com/site/sarkodie-launches-sark-collection-fashion-show-tonight/|archivedate=2013-05-01}}</ref> N'afọ 2012, a kpughere ya dị ka onye nnọchi anya Brand maka Samsung Electronics na Mahadum Ghana, Legon.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Samsung unveils Ghanaian music star Sarkodie as Brand Ambassador|url=http://www.ghanabusinessnews.com/2012/11/12/samsung-unveils-ghanaian-music-star-sarkodie-as-brand-ambassador/|publisher=GBN|accessdate=6 December 2013|date=12 November 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131214045655/http://www.ghanabusinessnews.com/2012/11/12/samsung-unveils-ghanaian-music-star-sarkodie-as-brand-ambassador/|archivedate=2013-12-14}}</ref> Dị ka akụkụ nke ihe omume ahụ, Samsung kpughere Samsung Galaxy Pocket na Chief Hero Phones nke nwere akwụkwọ mgbidi nke Sarkodie na mbinye aka ya; ndị ọrụ nwere ohere ibudata egwu pụrụ iche nke Sarkodia.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ghananewsagency.org/economics/sarkodie-unveiled-as-samsung-s-brand-ambassador-52096|title=Sarkodie unveiled as Samsung's brand ambassador|date=11 November 2012|accessdate=11 November 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150701181658/http://www.ghananewsagency.org/economics/sarkodie-unveiled-as-samsung-s-brand-ambassador-52096|archivedate=2015-07-01}}</ref> Ọ malitekwara Obidi Chief headphones ma bịanye aka na nkwekọrịta nkwado na FanMilk Ghana na 2013.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sarkodie goes 'milky' with endorsement deal from Fan Milk Ghana|url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/artikel.php?ID=262988|publisher=Ghanaweb|accessdate=6 December 2013|date=23 January 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131211055652/http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/artikel.php?ID=262988|archivedate=2013-12-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ghanareporters.com/2012/12/10/photo-sarkodie-branded-headphones-now-on-sale/|title=Sarkodie branded headphones now on sale|date=10 December 2012|accessdate=10 December 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130326020032/http://ghanareporters.com/2012/12/10/photo-sarkodie-branded-headphones-now-on-sale/|archivedate=2013-03-26}}</ref> Sarkodie na Tigo Telecommunications Ghana na-arụkọ ọrụ ugbu a, akara nke kwadoro njem Rapperholic ya na 2013.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sarkodie visits Tigo offices|url=http://www.businessghana.com/portal/news/index.php?op=getNews&id=187375|publisher=Business Ghana|accessdate=7 December 2013|date=24 July 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131210115702/http://www.businessghana.com/portal/news/index.php?op=getNews&id=187375|archivedate=2013-12-10}}</ref> Sarkodie nwekwara nkwekọrịta nkwado na Standard Chartered Bank - ụlọ ọrụ ụlọ akụ na-eduga n'Africa yana Guinness Ghana Limited maka ngwaahịa ihe ọṅụṅụ Malt ha. N'abalị iri atọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2019, a họpụtara ya dị ka onye nnọchi anya maka mkpọsa Afọ nke Nlaghachi; e nyere ya nsọpụrụ ahụ na Creative Arts Industry Forum.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/entertainment/showbiz-news/sarkodie-named-year-of-return-ambassador.html|title=Sarkodie named 'Year of Return' Ambassador|author=122108447901948|date=2019-10-31|work=Graphic Online|language=en-gb|accessdate=2019-10-31}}</ref> N'ọnwa Machị 2021, Sarkodie na obere nwa ya nwanyị gosipụtara na akara ezé ezé nke Ghana - Pepsodent Ghana's #BrushWithMe campaign ad. Emere mkpọsa ahụ iji kpọkọta ndị nne na nna na ndị na-elekọta ha ka ha malite ma gbaa ụmụ ha ume ka ha na-asa ezé ehihie na abalị. Emere nke a iji cheta ụbọchị ahụike ọnụ ụwa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sarkodie and his adorable daughter Titi join the Pepsodent #Brushwithme me challenge|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Sarkodie-and-his-adorable-daughter-Titi-join-the-Pepsodent-Brushwithme-me-challenge-1215001|accessdate=2021-03-25|work=Ghana Web}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Sarkodie Gives Young Talents A Tip On How To Stay In The Game For Long|url=https://www.hitz360.com/sarkodie-gives-young-talents-a-tip-on-how-to-stay-in-the-game-for-long/|accessdate=2021-06-01|work=Hitz360}}</ref> == Ndụ onwe onye == Sarkodie lụrụ Tracy na emume agbamakwụkwọ nke e mere na Tema, Ghana na 17 Julaị 2018. Ha nwere ụmụ abụọ.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Mensah|first=Jeffrey|date=2020-09-08|title=Sarkodie flaunts his son MJ in latest photo|url=https://yen.com.gh/169463-sarkodie-shows-son-mj-photo.html|accessdate=2021-03-06|work=Yen.com.gh - Ghana news.|language=en}}</ref> == Onyinye na nhọpụta ==   == Nkọwapụta == === Abọm studio === * ''Makye'' (2009) * Rapperholic (2012)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sarkodie - "Rapperholic" Album|url=https://trendybeatz.com/artist-albums/727/sarkodie-rapperholic-album|work=TrendyBeatz.com|language=en}}</ref> * ''Sarkology'' (2014) * ''Kasị Elu'' (2017)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sarkodie - "Highest" Album|url=https://trendybeatz.com/artist-albums/730/sarkodie-highest-album|work=Trendybeatz.com|language=en|access-date=2022-08-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814194947/https://trendybeatz.com/artist-albums/730/sarkodie-highest-album|archive-date=2022-08-14|url-status=dead}}</ref> * '' Black Love Album - Black Love (Sarkodie album) (2019)'' * Enweghị nrụgide - (2021)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Before you continue to Google Search|url=https://consent.google.com/ml?continue=https://www.google.com/search%3Fkgmid%3D/g/11q91q43gz%26hl%3Den-GH%26q%3DSarkodie%2BNO%2BPRESSURE%26kgs%3D079f16f384a73305%26shndl%3D0%26source%3Dsh/x/kp/1%26entrypoint%3Dsh/x/kp%26ucbcb%3D1&gl=GB&m=0&pc=srp&hl=en&src=1|accessdate=2021-08-21|work=consent.google.com}}</ref> === Abọm na EPs === * Mary (2015)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sarkodie - "Mary" Album - TrendyBeatz|url=https://trendybeatz.com/artist-albums/726/sarkodie-mary-album|work=TrendyBeatz.com|language=en|access-date=2022-08-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126181634/https://trendybeatz.com/artist-albums/726/sarkodie-mary-album|archive-date=2022-11-26|url-status=dead}}</ref> * ''Alpha'' (2019) === Abọm ndị na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ === * T.M.G (ya <small>na</small> <small>Jayso</small>) (2013) == Ebensidee<ref>{{Cite web|author=Isah|first=Joseph|date=2022-07-14|title=Sarkodie Joins List of Top 10 Most Influential African Artists 2022 - WaysHowTo|url=https://wayshowto.com/top-10-most-influential-african-artists-2022/|accessdate=2022-07-14|work=WaysHowTo|language=en-US|archivedate=2022-07-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220714083033/https://wayshowto.com/top-10-most-influential-african-artists-2022/}}</ref> == <references responsive="0"></references> == Njikọ mpụga == Official website [https://www.instagram.com/sarkodie/ Onye ọrụ Instagram Profie] [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] kq3hb6f2iagfpu8mjkcak6a74aa707d 0 20338 736874 624027 2026-10-08T15:28:54Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 736874 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Language|name=Mboi|nativename=Gena|states=[[Nigeria]]|region=[[Adamawa State]]|speakers=19,000|date=1992|familycolor=Niger-Congo|fam2=[[Atlantic–Congo languages|Atlantic–Congo]]|fam3=[[Bambukic languages|Bambukic]]|fam4=[[Yungur languages|Yungur]]|iso3=moi}} {{Databox}} Mboi (Mboire, '''Mboyi''') bụ asụsụ Adamawa nke [[Naijiria]]. Aha ya bụ nke otu n'ime olumba ya, aha ya abụọ ndị ọzọ bụ Banga na Handa. Ndị a dị iche iche, Blench (2004) weere ha dị ka asụsụ dị iche iche. Blench (2019) depụtara Gana, Banga, na Haanda dị ka ụdị asụsụ ndị so na ụyọkọ Mboi.<ref name="BlenchAtlas4">{{Cite book|title=An Atlas of Nigerian Languages|author=Blench|first=Roger|publisher=Kay Williamson Educational Foundation|year=2019|edition=4th|location=Cambridge}}</ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] [https://web.archive.org/web/20160829030047/http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/AU/Adamawa%20language%20list.pdf Ndepụta asụsụ Adamawa] (ms) 36k5ja7unuvbmryehgunml9apnxs2mx 0 20889 736893 724883 2026-10-09T04:39:09Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 736893 wikitext text/x-wiki     {| class="infobox vevent" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above above" style="font-size:125%; color: black; background-color: #ffddaa;" |Pana |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;" |Native&nbsp;to | class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;" |[[Central African Republic]], [[Chad]], [[Cameroon]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Native speakers</div> | class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;" |(86,000 cited 1996–2000)<ref name="e18">[https://www.ethnologue.com/18/language/pnz/ Pana] at ''[[Ethnologue]]'' (18th ed., 2015) <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color:#555">(subscription required)</span></ref> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap">[[Language family]]</span></div> | class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;" |<div style="text-align:left;">[[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]]? *[[Atlantic–Congo languages|Atlantic–Congo]] ** [[Mbum–Day languages|Mbum–Day]] *** [[Mbum languages|Mbum]] **** Central Mbum ***** Karang ****** '''Pana''' </div> |- class="plainlist" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;" |Dialects | class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;" | * Pana * ? Pondo * ? Gonge |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: #ffddaa;" |Language codes |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;" |<span class="nowrap">[[ISO 639-3]]</span> | class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;" |<code>[[iso639-3:pnz|pnz]]</code> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;" |''[[Glottolog]]'' | class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;" |<code>[http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/pana1293 pana1293]</code> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;" |[[Endangered Languages Project|ELP]] | class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;" |[https://web.archive.org/web/20221016053341/https://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/4985 Pana (Central African Republic)] |} Pana bụ asụsụ Mbum nke Central African Republic. Puku ole na ole na-asụ ya n'ebe ndịda Chad na n'ebe ugwu Cameroon. Otu olumba dị na Cameroon, Nwoke, nwere ike ịbụ asụsụ dị iche. Blench (2004) hapụrụ Pondo na Gonge na CAR enweghị nkewa n'ime asụsụ Mbum. == Nkesa == A na-asụ Pana gburugburu Belel (Belel commune, ngalaba Vina, Adamawa Region), na ngalaba Mayo-rey, Northern Region. A na-ahụkwa ya na CAR na Chad. == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] [https://web.archive.org/web/20160829030047/http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/AU/Adamawa%20language%20list.pdf Ndepụta asụsụ Adamawa] (ms) 7jrzscn91s12kxstjltgp38be90cjco 0 23144 736885 130897 2026-10-08T22:59:13Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 736885 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Nkechi Opara''' (amụrụ na ubochi iri na atọ na onwa Disemba afọ nari iri itoolu iri itoolu na ise) bụ onye Naijiria na-ebu ibu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://results.glasgow2014.com/athlete/boxing/1014375/nkechi_opara.html|title=Glasgow 2014 profile|accessdate=11 October 2014|work=|archivedate=17 October 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141017155005/http://results.glasgow2014.com/athlete/boxing/1014375/nkechi_opara.html}}</ref> O sonyere na asọmpi ụmụ nwanyị 48 kilogram na 2014 Commonwealth Games ebe o ritere ọla nchara.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Nkechi Opara wins first medal for Nigeria at ongoing Commonwealth Games in Scotland|publisher=www.paralympic.org|url=http://www.today.ng/sports/nkechi-opara-wins-first-medal-for-nigeria-at-ongoing-commonwealth-games-in-scotland/|accessdate=11 October 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Nkechi Opara wins Nigeria's first medal at the Glasgow Commonwealth Games|publisher=www.nigerianwatch.com|url=http://www.nigerianwatch.com/sport/4902-nkechi-opara-wins-nigerias-first-medal-at-the-glasgow-commonwealth-games|accessdate=11 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020080240/http://www.nigerianwatch.com/sport/4902-nkechi-opara-wins-nigerias-first-medal-at-the-glasgow-commonwealth-games|archive-date=20 October 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Edensibịa == <references group="" responsive="1"></references> [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] f5egz4xk0wkprzi0nnp09bph94z8lod 0 28146 736881 142509 2026-10-08T18:44:11Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 736881 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Mpaghara''' parafacial ('''PZ''') bụ usoro ụbụrụ dị n'ime ụbụrụ n'ime medulla oblongata nke dị n'ala ahụ n'ebe nile na ụdị nke ụwa họrọ site e kwenyere na ọ bụ ya na-ahụ maka nhazi ụra na-adịghị ngwa ngwa (nke na-abụghị REM), ọkachasị maka ịkpata ụra na-egbu oge.<ref name="PZ primary source">{{Cite journal|title=The GABAergic parafacial zone is a medullary slow wave sleep-promoting center|journal=Nat. Neurosci.|volume=17|issue=9|pages=1217–1224|date=September 2014|pmid=25129078|doi=10.1038/nn.3789|url=https://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/14351306/4214681.pdf?sequence=1|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181104211018/https://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/14351306/4214681.pdf?sequence=1|archive-date=2018-11-04|access-date=2023-07-15|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="ARAS, sleep, and the parafacial zone review">{{Cite journal|title=The Neurobiology of Sleep and Wakefulness|journal=The Psychiatric Clinics of North America|volume=38|issue=4|pages=615–644|date=December 2015|pmid=26600100|doi=10.1016/j.psc.2015.07.002}}</ref><ref name="GABAergic neurons review">{{Cite journal|title=Turning a Negative into a Positive: Ascending GABAergic Control of Cortical Activation and Arousal|journal=Front. Neurol.|volume=6|pages=135|date=June 2015|pmid=26124745|doi=10.3389/fneur.2015.00135}}</ref><ref name="Zinc & sleep 2017 review">{{Cite journal|title=Dietary Zinc Acts as a Sleep Modulator|journal=International Journal of Molecular Sciences|volume=18|issue=11|pages=2334|date=November 2017|pmid=29113075|doi=10.3390/ijms18112334}}</ref> Ọ bụ otu n'ime ọtụtụ GABAergic ndi mádu ziri ezi ntụziaka oriri nri ụmụaka sleep-promoting nuclei na ụbụrụ, nke gụnyekwara ventrolateral preoptic area nke hypothalamus, nucleus accumbens core (karịsịa, medial spiny neurons nke D2-type nke na-egosipụta adenosine A2A receptors), na GABAergical nucleus na hypothalamus n'akụkụ nke na-ewepụta melanin-concentrating hormone.<ref name="ARAS, sleep, and the parafacial zone review"/><ref name="GABAergic neurons review"/><ref name="Zinc & sleep 2017 review"/><ref name="Slow-wave sleep and NAcc core A2AR neurons - Sept 2017 primary source">{{Cite journal|title=Slow-wave sleep is controlled by a subset of nucleus accumbens core neurons in mice|journal=Nature Communications|volume=8|issue=1|pages=734|date=September 2017|pmid=28963505|doi=10.1038/s41467-017-00781-4}}</ref><ref name="Striatal A2AR neurons and sleep - Oct 2017 primary source">{{Cite journal|title=Striatal adenosine A2A receptor neurons control active-period sleep via parvalbumin neurons in external globus pallidus|journal=eLife|volume=6|pages=e29055|date=October 2017|pmid=29022877|doi=10.7554/eLife.29055}}</ref> == Ọrụ na ebe == Mpaghara parafacial na-akwalite ụra na-adịghị ngwa ngwa site na igbochi glutamatergic parabrachial ndị mmadụ n'ihe ndị mere n'oge ochie ma ọ bụrụ nucleus (otu akụkụ nke usoro na-arịgo reticular activating nke na-eme ka ịmụrụ anya na mkpali) site na ntọhapụ nke neurotransmitter inhibitory GABA na neurons ndị ahụ.<ref name="PZ primary source"/><ref name="ARAS, sleep, and the parafacial zone review"/> Optogenetic activation nke GABAergic PZ neurons na-akpali ọrụ cortical slow-wave na ụra slow-wave n'ime ụmụ anụmanụ.<ref name="PZ primary source"/> N'ihe gbasara mmebi nke GABAergic transmizzion site na PZ na ụmụ oke, a hụrụ ụmụ oke ka ha na-agafe oge dị ogologo, na-adịgide adịgide. A na-ekwere na PZ neurons na-ehi ụra, ebe ha na-egosipụta c-Fos mgbe ha na-ebili ma ọ bụghị mgbe ha tetara.<ref name="PZ primary source" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|author=Anaclet|first=C.|date=2012-12-12|title=Identification and Characterization of a Sleep-Active Cell Group in the Rostral Medullary Brainstem|journal=Journal of Neuroscience|volume=32|issue=50|pages=17970–17976|doi=10.1523/jneurosci.0620-12.2012|pmid=23238713|issn=0270-6474}}</ref> Parafacial dị n'ime medulla oblongata, n'akụkụ na n'azụ na akwara ihu.<ref name=":1"/> Ọ na-ejikọta na akụkụ alpha nke parvocellular reticular formation (PCRt), nke a na-eche na ọ na-achịkwa ọnọdụ nke ịma ihe yana ịchịkwa ihe mgbaàmà na usoro ụra. Agbanyeghị, a kwenyere na ọrụ PZ na PCRt dị iche iche. == Ihe ndị e tinyere == Mpaghara parafacial na-enweta ntinye site na mpaghara atọ: hypothalamus, midbrain, na pons na medulla.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|author=Su|first=Yun-Ting|date=2018-03-20|title=Whole-Brain Mapping of Direct Inputs to and Axonal Projections from GABAergic Neurons in the Parafacial Zone|journal=Neuroscience Bulletin|language=en|volume=34|issue=3|pages=485–496|doi=10.1007/s12264-018-0216-8|issn=1673-7067|pmid=29557546}}</ref> Site na hypothalamus, PZ na-enweta ntinye site na mpaghara hypothalamic, zona incerta, na parasubthalamic nucleus; ebe ọrụ zona incerta na parasubtalamic nucleu ka bụ ihe a na-amaghị ama, a tụpụtara ọtụtụ ọrụ ha iji dozie nhọrọ ọrụ na njikọta limbic-motor. Site na etiti ụbụrụ, PZ na-enweta ntinye site na substantia nigra, pars reticulata, na deep mesencephalic nucleus. A na-ekwere na usoro ụbụrụ ndị a na-arụsi ọrụ ike na mmegharị ahụ, yana ụgwọ ọrụ na mmeghachi omume na-amaghị ama; na mgbakwunye, edere par reticulata karịsịa iji gosipụta ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ neurons GABAergic inhibitory niile. Ma site na pons na medulla, PZ na-enweta ntinye site na etiti reticular nucleus na medial vestibular nucleus (parvocellular), ebe ndị a na-eche na ha na-etinye aka na iku ume na usoro iku ume. * Site na hypothalamus ** Ebe Hypothalamic ** Ebe a na-amaghị ** Akụkụ nke parasubthalamic ** Ihe na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-adịghị mma * Site n'etiti ụbụrụ ** Ihe na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-adịghị mma ** Pars reticular ** Mesenphalic nucleus == Ihe ndị e si na ya pụta == PZ neurons na-arụ ọrụ na medial parabrachial nucleus, a wake na-akwalite neuron cluster nke bụ akụkụ nke na-arịgo reticular activating system.<ref name="PZ primary source"/> Iri atọ na anọ dị iche iche nuclei na-ekerịta echiche siri ike na PZ GABAergic neurons, gụnyere nuclei dị iche iche nke stria terminalis, mpaghara hypothalamic n'akụkụ, substantia nigra, zona incerta, na etiti amygdaloid nucleus.<ref name=":0"/> Ntụle ndị a siri ike na-atụ aro njikwa nzaghachi na ikike ịchịkwa ọrụ ụfọdụ. * Parabrachial nucleus (akụkụ nke<ref name="PZ primary source"/> usoro na-arịgo elu reticular activating system) * Stria terminalis * Ebe hypothalamic dị n'akụkụ * Ihe siri ike Nigra * Ebe A Na-amaghị Ama * Central Amygdaloid Nucleus == Ntụaka == <references group="" responsive="1"></references> [[Òtù:Ura]] [[Òtù:Medulla oblongata]] 35cbkebqcgm31kswy94odledp4imc3d 0 29408 736871 692926 2026-10-08T14:28:59Z IgboRefBot 66663 736871 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Speciesbox||name=Chinese violet|image=Starr 011104-0065 Asystasia gangetica.jpg|image_caption=''Asystasia gangetica'' from [[Kalepolepo]], [[Maui]]|image2=Asystasia_gangetica_11_05_2010.JPG|image2_caption=''Asystasia gangetica micrantha'' from [[Amanzimtoti]], [[South Africa]]|genus=Asystasia|species=gangetica|authority=([[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]) [[Thomas Anderson (botanist)|T.Anderson]]|synonyms=* ''Asystasia intrusa'' <small>(Forssk.) Blume</small> * ''Asystasia parvula'' <small>C.B.Clarke</small> * ''Asystasia querimbensis'' <small>Klotzsch</small> * ''Asystasia pubescens'' <small>Klotzsch</small> * ''Asystasia subhastata'' <small>Klotzsch</small> * ''Asystasia quarterna'' <small>Nees</small> * ''Asystasia scabrida'' <small>Klotzsch</small> * ''Asystasia floribunda'' <small>Klotzsch</small> * ''Asystasia coromandeliana'' <small>Nees</small> * ''Justicia gangetica'' <small>L.</small> * ''Asystasia bojeriana'' <small>Nees</small> * ''Asystasia acuminata'' <small>Klotzsch</small> * ''Asystasia coromandeliana'' <small>Nees</small> var. ''micrantha'' <small>Nees</small> * ''Asystasia multiflora'' <small>Klotzsch</small> * ''Asystasia ansellioides'' <small>C.B.Clarke</small> var. ''lanceolata'' <small>Fiori</small> * ''Asystasia podostachys'' <small>Klotzsch</small><ref>Jstor Plant Science, ''Asystasia gangetica'' synonyms: http://plants.jstor.org/taxon/synonymy/Asystasia.gangetica, retrieved 28 July 2010</ref>}} {| class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%" ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)" |Chinese violet |- | colspan="2" style="text-align: center" |[[File:Starr 011104-0065 Asystasia gangetica.jpg|frameless]] |- | colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%" |''Asystasia gangetica'' from [[Kalepolepo]], [[Maui]] |- | colspan="2" style="text-align: center" |[[File:Asystasia_gangetica_11_05_2010.JPG|frameless]] |- | colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%" |''Asystasia gangetica micrantha'' from [[Amanzimtoti]], [[South Africa]] |- style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)" |- ! colspan="2" style="min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)" |[[Taxonomy (biology)|Scientific classification]] <span class="plainlinks" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;">[[File:OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg|link=Template:Taxonomy/Asystasia|15x15px|Edit this classification]]</span> |- |Kingdom: |[[Plant|Plantae]] |- |''Clade'': |[[Vascular plant|Tracheophytes]] |- |''Clade'': |[[Flowering plant|Angiosperms]] |- |''Clade'': |[[Eudicots]] |- |''Clade'': |[[Asterids]] |- |Order: |[[Lamiales]] |- |Family: |[[Acanthaceae]] |- |Genus: |''[[Asystasia]]'' |- |Species: |<div class="species" style="display:inline">'''''A.&nbsp;gangetica'''''</div> |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)" |[[Binomial nomenclature|Binomial name]] |- | colspan="2" style="text-align: center" |'''<span class="binomial">''Asystasia gangetica''</span>'''<br /><br /><br /><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">([[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]) [[Thomas Anderson (botanist)|T.Anderson]]</div> |- style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)" |[[Synonym (taxonomy)|Synonyms]] |- | colspan="2" style="text-align: left" | * ''Asystasia intrusa'' <small>(Forssk.</small><small>) Blume</small> * ''Asystasia parvula'' <small>C.B.Clarke</small> * ''Asystasia querimbensis'' <small>Klotzsch</small> * ''Asystasia pubescens'' <small>Klotzsch</small> * ''Asystasia subhastata'' <small>Klotzsch</small> * ''Asystasia quarterna'' <small>Nees</small> * ''Asystasia scabrida'' <small>Klotzsch</small> * ''Asystasia floribunda'' <small>Klotzsch</small> * ''Asystasia coromandeliana'' <small>Nees</small> * ''Justicia gangetica'' <small>L.</small> * ''Asystasia bojeriana'' <small>Nees</small> * ''Asystasia acuminata'' <small>Klotzsch</small> * ''Asystasia coromandeliana'' <small>Nees</small> var. ''micrantha'' <small>Nees</small> * ''Asystasia multiflora'' <small>Klotzsch</small> * ''Asystasia ansellioides'' <small>C.B.Clarke</small> var. ''lanceolata'' <small>Fiori</small> * ''Asystasia podostachys'' <small>Klotzsch</small><ref>Jstor Plant Science, ''Asystasia gangetica'' synonyms: http://plants.jstor.org/taxon/synonymy/Asystasia.gangetica, retrieved 28 July 2010</ref> |} [[Category:Articles with 'species' microformats]] '''''Asystasia gangetica''''' bụ ụdị osisi dị na ezinụlọ Acanthaceae. A maara ya dịka violet nke China, '''coromandel'''<ref name="Hawaii">Plants of Hawaii: ''Asystasia gangetica'': https://web.archive.org/web/20120905012101/http://www.hear.org/starr/images/species/?q=asystasia+gangetica&o=plants, retrieved 28 July 2010</ref> ma ọ bụ '''foxglove''' na-agagharị agagharị.<ref name="SANBI"> South African National Biodiversity Institute: ''Asystasia gangetica'': https://pza.sanbi.org/asystasia-gangetica, retrieved 14 June 2025</ref> Na South Africa, a pụrụ ịkpọ osisi a '''asystasia'''. [[Usòrò:Asystasia_gangetica_in_Hyderabad_W_IMG_4769.jpg|thumb|Site na Hyderabad, India]] == Nkọwa == Osisi a bụ ahịhịa na-agbasa ma ọ bụ mkpuchi ala, na-eru 600 mm n'ịdị elu ma ọ bụ ruo 1 m ma ọ bụrụ na akwado ya.<ref name="SANBI"/> Ogwe osisi ndị ahụ gbanyere mkpọrọgwụ n'ụzọ dị mfe na nodes.<ref name="SANBI" /> Akwụkwọ ya dị mfe ma dị iche.<ref name="SANBI" /><ref name="Australia">Weed Identification, Australia: https://web.archive.org/web/20101202171008/http://weeds.org.au/cgi-bin/weedident.cgi?tpl=plant.tpl&state=&s=&ibra=all&card=H34 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101202171008/http://weeds.org.au/cgi-bin/weedident.cgi?tpl=plant.tpl&state=&s=&ibra=all&card=H34 |date=2010-12-02 }}, retrieved 28 July 2010.</ref>Mkpụrụ osisi ahụ bụ capsule na-agbawa agbawa nke na-amalite na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, mana ọ na-akpọnwụ ruo na-acha nchara nchara mgbe ọ meghere.<ref name="Australia" /> == Ụdị dị iche iche == * A. g. gangetica, nwere nnukwu (30-40 mm ogologo) okooko osisi na-acha anụnụ anụnụ ma ọ bụ na-acha odo odo. * A. g. micrantha (N'olu) Ensermu, nwere obere (ruo 25 mm n'ogologo) okooko osisi na-acha ọcha na akara odo odo na egbugbere ọnụ ala.<ref name="Australia" /> == Nhazi == A na-agbasa ya n'ebe nile na Old World Tropics, ma webata ya na mpaghara okpomọkụ [[Amerikas|America]]<ref>Jstor Plant Science, Asystasia gangetica: http://plants.jstor.org/taxon/Asystasia.gangetica, retrieved 28 July 2010.</ref> na [[Hawaii]], ebe ọ ghọrọ ihe okike.<ref name="Hawaii"/> E web''a''tara ụdị abụọ nke osisi a na [[Ostraliya|Australia]] ebe A. g. micrantha dị na National Environmental Alert List ma a ghaghị ịkọ akụkọ mgbe a chọtara ya. Ebe mbụ nke subspecies bụ ihe ''a'' na-ejighị n'aka, mana o yikarịrị ka A. g. gangetica dị na Eshia, na A. g, micrantha dị na Africa.<ref name="Australia" /><ref name="SANBI" /> == Ịmụ nwa == Ernest Akamine (1947) chọpụtara na ọ nweghị usoro ụra doro anya na-arụ ọrụ na mkpụrụ, nke na-epulite n'enweghị ihe mgbochi ụbọchị 135 mgbe a chụpụrụ ya na osisi nne na nna.<ref name="Akamine 1947">{{Cite journal|author=Akamine|first=Ernest|title=Germination of Asystasia gangetica L. Seed with Special Reference to the Effect of Age on the Temperature Requirement for Germination|journal=Plant Physiology|date=1947|volume=22|issue=4|pages=603–607|doi=10.1104/pp.22.4.603|url=http://www.plantphysiol.org/content/22/4/603.citation|accessdate=30 May 2014|pmid=16654128}}</ref> Mmepụta okooko osisi nwere ike ịmalite n'oge ụbọchị 40 mgbe ọ gbasịrị, na mmepe mkpụrụ na-amalite mgbe ụbọchị 57, na-eme ka mmepụta nke mkpụrụ dị ndụ dị mfe n'ime ụbọchị 72.<ref name="Sahid, I. B. & Shukor, J. A. 1998">{{Cite journal|author=Sahid|first=I. B|title=Effects of water stress, shading and clipping on growth and development of Asystasia gangetica|journal=Plant Protection Quarterly|date=1998|volume=13|pages=140–142}}</ref> A na-achụpụ mkpụrụ ahụ n'ụzọ na-agbawa agbawa mgbe ọ kara site na retinacula a na-etinye n'ahụ (ihe osise). == Ojiji == N'akụkụ ụfọdụ nke Africa, a na-eri akwụkwọ ya dị ka akwụkwọ nri ma jiri ya mee ihe dị ka ọgwụ mkpá akwụkwọ na ọgwụ ọdịnala Africa.<ref name="prota">Grubben, G.J.H. & Denton, O.A. (2004) Plant Resources of Tropical Africa 2. Vegetables. PROTA Foundation, Wageningen; Backhuys, Leiden; CTA, Wageningen.</ref> A na-eji akwụkwọ ya eme ihe n'ọtụtụ akụkụ nke [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]] dị ka ọgwụ ọdịnala Afrịka maka nlekọta ụkwara ume ọkụ.<ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.1016/S0378-8741(03)00227-7|title=Evaluation of the anti-asthmatic property of Asystasia gangetica leaf extracts|year=2003|author=Akah|first=P.A.|journal=Journal of Ethnopharmacology|volume=89|pages=25–36|pmid=14522429|issue=1}}</ref> A na-ejikwa ya dị ka osisi ịchọ mma.<ref name="SANBI"> == Mkpa gburugburu ebe obibi == Nke a bụ osisi dị mkpa maka aṅụ, urukurubụba na ụmụ ahụhụ ndị ọzọ.<ref name="SANBI"/> N'ebe ndịda Afrịka, e nwere ma ọ dịkarịa ala ụdị urukurubụba na nla asaa na-eji A. g. micrantha dị ka ihe oriri larval; ''Junonia oenone'', ''Junonia hierta'', ''Junonia natalica'', ''Junonia terea'', ''Protogoniomorpha parhassus'', ''Hypolimnas misippus'' na ''Microplexia costimaculalis''.<ref>Guillermet, 2005. ''Les Hétérocères ou papillons de nuit, de l'île de La Réunion. Volume 1''. Famille des Noctuidae Quadrifides. - — :1–532, pls. 1–13.</ref> Uto siri ike nke A. g. micrantha na mpaghara okpomọkụ na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ahịhịa nke nwere ike igbu ụfọdụ ahịhịhịa ala ebe ewebatala ya.<ref name="SANBI"> == Ihe ngosi == {{Taxonbar|from=Q311451}} == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == 7b4nut1r489ntvaoly03c4vjjd89nxh 0 29660 736888 728221 2026-10-09T01:58:28Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 736888 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:07_Imotski_Crveno_Jezero_(1).jpg|thumb|Olulu mmiri nke Ọdọ Mmiri Uhie na [[Kroatia|Croatia]]]] '''Olulu mmiri''' bụ oghere ma ọ bụ oghere dị nala nke ụdị ọdịda nke elu ya kpatara. A naeji okwu ahụ eme ihe mgbe ụfọdụ iji zoo aka na '''doline''', '''oghere ndị''' a naakpọkwa ''vrtače'' na shakeholes, na oghere ebe mmiri dị nelu naabanye nime ụzọ ndị dị nokpuru ala a maara dị ka ''ponor'', '''oghere''' swallow ma ọ bụ swallet.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|author=Williams|first=Paul|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bhiJ10Xx9VwC|title=Encyclopedia of Caves and Karst Science|date=2004|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-57958-399-6|editor=Gunn|pages=628–642|language=en|chapter=Dolines}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|author=Kohl|first=Martin|year=2001|title=Subsidence and sinkholes in East Tennessee. A field guide to holes in the ground|url=https://www.tn.gov/assets/entities/environment/attachments/geology_sink-hole.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150714081131/http://www.tn.gov/assets/entities/environment/attachments/geology_sink-hole.pdf|archivedate=14 July 2015|accessdate=18 February 2014|publisher=State of Tennessee}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=The Dictionary of Physical Geography|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|year=2009|isbn=978-1444313161|editor=Thomas|edition=3rd|location=Chichester}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|author=Monroe|first=Watson Hiner|date=1970|title=A glossary of Karst terminology|journal=U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper|volume=1899-K|doi=10.3133/wsp1899k}}</ref> ''Cenote'' bụ ụdị olulu mmiri nke naekpughe mmiri dị n'okpuru ala.<ref name=":2" /> Mmiri na ''mmiri naasọba'' bụ okwu ndị ọzọ maka ebe ndị naewepụ ''mmiri'' nelu, ikekwe site na ịbanye nime ala ma ọ bụ nkume dara ada.<ref name=":1" /> Ihe ka ọtụtụ nime sinkholes naakpata usoro karst - mmebi nke nkume carbonate, ọdịda ma ọ bụ usoro mbuze.<ref name=":0"/><ref name="bgs">{{Cite web|url=http://www.bgs.ac.uk/mendips/caveskarst/karst_3.htm|title=Caves and karst – dolines and sinkholes|publisher=British Geological Survey}}</ref> Sinkholes naadịkarị okirikiri ma dịgasị iche iche nibu site na iri ruo ọtụtụ narị mita ma nobosara na omimi, ma dịgasịa iche nụdị site na efere ndị dị nala ruo noghere ndị dị nakụkụ nkume. Oghere nwere ike ịpụta nke nta nke nta ma ọ bụ na mberede, a naahụkwa ya nụwa niile.<ref name=":1"/><ref name=":0" /> == Ọzụzụ == [[Usòrò:Dead_Sea_sinkhole_by_David_Shankbone.jpg|thumb|Olulu mmiri dị nso nOké Osimiri Nwụrụ Anwụ, nke e mepụtara mgbe nnu dị nokpuru ala naagbaze site na mmiri dị ọcha, nihi na mmiri naaga nihu naada.]] [[Usòrò:Chinchón_dolina_c1991.jpg|thumb|Olulu mmiri dara na Chinchón, Spain.]] === Usoro okike === Olulu mmiri nwere ike ijide mmiri naagba ọsọ ma ọ bụ mmiri kwụ ọtọ, mana ọ pụkwara ịpụta nebe dị elu na ebe kpọrọ nkụ nebe ụfọdụ. Olulu mmiri nke naejide mmiri nwere ike ijide ya na nnukwu ọgba limestone. Ọgba ndị a nwere ike ịba nakụkụ osimiri ndị buru ibu.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/05/travel/escapes/05adventure.html|title=Getting Down and Dirty in an Underground River in Puerto Rico|author=Breining|first=Greg|date=5 October 2007|work=The New York Times|accessdate=31 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Palmer|first=Arthur N.|date=1 January 1991|title=Origin and morphology of limestone caves|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_geological-society-of-america-bulletin_1991-01_103_1/page/n4|journal=Geological Society of America Bulletin|language=en|volume=103|issue=1|pages=1–21|doi=10.1130/0016-7606(1991)103<0001:oamolc>2.3.co;2|issn=0016-7606}}</ref> Ọdịdị nke sinkholes naagụnye usoro okike nke erosion ma ọ bụ nke nta nke nta wepụ ala naagbaze (dị ka limestone) site na mmiri naagbapụta, ọdịda nke elu ọgba, ma ọ bụ mbelata nke tebụl mmiri. [1] Sinkholes naemekarị site na usoro nke suffosion.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Friend|first=Sandra|title=Sinkholes|publisher=Pineapple Press Inc|year=2002|isbn=978-1-56164-258-8|url=https://archive.org/details/sinkholes0000frie|accessdate=7 June 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Quarrying and the environment|url=https://www.bgs.ac.uk/mendips/caveskarst/karst_3.htm|work=bgs|accessdate=3 June 2018}}</ref> Dịka ọmụmaatụ, mmiri dị nokpuru ala nwere ike ịgbaze carbonate cement naejikọta ụmụ irighiri nkume ma wepụ ụmụ irighari ndị ahụ, jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ mepụta oghere. Mgbe ụfọdụ, olulu mmiri nwere ike igosi oghere a naahụ anya nime ọgba dị nokpuru. Nihe banyere nnukwu sinkholes, dị ka Minyé sinkhole na Papua New Guinea ma ọ bụ Cedar Sink na Mammoth Cave National Park na [[Kentórkị|Kentucky]], enwere ike ịhụ iyi ma ọ bụ osimiri dị n'okpuru ala ya site n'otu akụkụ gaa n'akụkụ nke ọzọ. Sinkholes bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị ebe nkume dị nokpuru ala bụ limestone ma ọ bụ nkume carbonate ndị ọzọ, ala nnu, ma ọ bụ na nkume ndị ọzọ a naagbaze agbaze, dị ka gypsum, nke nwere ike ịgbaze nuzọ okike site na mmiri dị nime ala.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://geology.utah.gov/surveynotes/geosights/sinkhole.htm|title=Sinkholes in Washington County|publisher=Utah gov Geological Survey|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110323204811/http://www.geology.utah.gov/surveynotes/geosights/sinkhole.htm|archivedate=23 March 2011}}</ref> Sinkholes naapụta na sandstone na quartzite ala. Ka nkume ahụ naagbaze, oghere na ọgba naetolite nokpuru ala. Olulu mmiri ndị a nwere ike ịbụ ihe dị egwu, nihi na ala dị nelu naanọkarị ruo mgbe nkwado zuru ezu. Mgbe ahụ, ọdịda mberede nke ala nwere ike ime. === Ihe ndị dị na mbara igwe === Nụbọchị nke abụọ nọnwa Julaị nafọ 2015, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị kọrọ na oghere ndị naarụ ọrụ, ndị metụtara ọdịda nke olulu mmiri na ikekwe jikọtara ya na mgbawa, achọtara na comet 67P / Churyumov-Gerasimenko site na nyocha mbara igwe ''Rosetta''.<ref name="NAT-20150702">{{Cite journal|date=2 July 2015|title=Large heterogeneities in comet 67P as revealed by active pits from sinkhole collapse|journal=Nature|volume=523|issue=7558|pages=63–66|doi=10.1038/nature14564|author=Vincent, Jean-Baptiste|pmid=26135448|url=https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-01176031/file/JBV2015.pdf}}</ref><ref name="AP-20150701">{{Cite news|url=http://apnews.excite.com/article/20150701/us-sci--comet_sinkholes-11254d29fb.html|title=It's the pits: Comet appears to have sinkholes, study says|author=Ritter|first=Malcolm|date=1 July 2015|work=[[AP News]]|accessdate=2 July 2015|archive-date=3 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150703035631/http://apnews.excite.com/article/20150701/us-sci--comet_sinkholes-11254d29fb.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Usoro aka mere ===   [[Usòrò:Sinkhole.jpg|thumb|Nkwada nke mmiri ozuzo naagbapụta nokporo ụzọ ma naebute ala nime paịpụ nsị gbawara agbawa.]] Nkwada, nke a naakpọkarị sinkholes, naemekwa n'ihi ọrụ mmadụ, dị ka ọdịda nke ebe a na-egwupụta ihe na nchekwa nnu nime ụlọ nnu nebe ndị dị ka [[Luwisiánà|Louisiana]], Mississippi na [[Texas]], na United States of America. Nozuzu, ọdịda naeme n'obodo ukwu nihi nkwụsị mmiri ma ọ bụ ọdịda nke nsị mgbe ọkpọkọ ochie naahapụ. Ha nwekwara ike ime site na ịdọrọ mmiri nokpuru ala na mmiri dị n'okpuru. Oghere nwekwara ike ịpụta mgbe a gbanwere usoro mmiri naadọba mmiri ma mepụta usoro mmiri ọhụrụ. Ụfọdụ sinkholes naapụta mgbe a na-agbanwe ala, dị ka mgbe a naemepụta ọdọ mmiri na ọdọ mmiri naechekwa mmiri; ịdị arọ nke ihe ọhụrụ ahụ nwere ike ime ka elu ụlọ nke oghere ma ọ bụ oghere dị nokpuru ala daa, naakpata mmepe nke sinkhole. == Nchịkọta == === Olulu mmiri === Ngwọta ma ọ bụ ịgbaze sinkholes naemepụta ebe mmiri naagbaze limestone nokpuru ihe mkpuchi ala. Dissolution naeme ka oghere okike dị na nkume dị ka nkwonkwo, ọkpụkpụ, na ihe ndina. Ala naagbadata nime oghere ndị buru ibu naeme ka obere ndagwurugwu dị n'elu ala.<ref name="USGSsinkholesweb">{{Cite web|url=https://www.usgs.gov/special-topic/water-science-school/science/sinkholes?qt-science_center_objects=0#qt-science_center_objects|title=Sinkholes|author=<!--Not stated-->|work=Water Science School|publisher=U.S. Geological Survey|accessdate=29 May 2019}}</ref> [[Usòrò:Dissolution_sinkhole.png|alt=USGS dissolution sinkhole.|center|Ugboro abụọ nke USGS.]] === Olulu mmiri naekpuchi ala === A naemepụta oghere ndị dị nokpuru ala ebe oghere dị nime limestone dị nala naenye ohere ka ala dịkwuo ala iji mepụta nnukwu ndagwurugwu.<ref name="USGSsinkholesweb"/> [[Usòrò:Cover-subsidence_sinkhole.png|alt=USGS cover-subsidence sinkhole.|center|Olulu mmiri nke USGS.]] === Olulu mmiri naada === Olulu mmiri naada ma ọ bụ "ụda" naemepụta ebe ọtụtụ ala naagbadata nime oghere dị na limestone nke na ala naada. Nkwada elu nwere ike ime na mberede ma kpatara mmebi ọdachi. Ọgba mmiri ọhụrụ nwekwara ike ịpụta mgbe ọrụ mmadụ naagbanwe usoro mmiri na mpaghara karst.<ref name="USGSsinkholesweb"/> [[Usòrò:Cover-collapse_sinkhole.png|alt=USGS cover-subsidence sinkhole.|center|Olulu mmiri nke USGS.]] === Ọgba mmiri ndị a na-akpọ pseudokarst === Pseudokarst sinkholes yiri karst sinkholas mana usoro ndị ọzọ naabụghị nke okike nke nkume mejupụtara ya: 4<ref name="SiteCharacterizationBenson">{{Cite book|author=Benson|first=Richard C.|date=2015|title=Site Characterization in Karst and Pseudokarst Terraines: Practical Strategies and Technology for Practicing Engineers, Hydrologists and Geologists|location=Dordrecht|publisher=Springer|doi=10.1007/978-94-017-9924-9|isbn=978-94-017-9923-2}}</ref>  == Ọgba mmiri naagba ọsọ nke mmadụ == [[Usòrò:Subsurface_erosion_of_soil_into_karst_conduit_by_water_level_fluctuation.jpg|alt=Four panels illustrate the growth of soil cavities above a rock cavity. Rising water softens soil. Downward moving water carries softened soil down into rock cavity.|thumb|Ihe omume ndị mmadụ mere na mgbanwe ala nke naakpata mgbanwe nke mmiri naeme ka ọgba aghara naada ngwa ngwa]] U.S. Geological Survey naekwu na "Ọ bụ echiche naatụ egwu iche nechiche ala dị nokpuru ụkwụ gị ma ọ bụ ụlọ naada na mberede ma naemepụta nnukwu oghere nala".<ref name="USGSsinkholesweb"/> Ọrụ ụmụ mmadụ nwere ike ime ka ọdịda nke karst sinkholes dị ngwa, naakpata ọdịda nime afọ ole na ole nke gaagbanwe nime ọtụtụ puku afọ nokpuru ọnọdụ okike.: 2: 1 na 92 Mmiri ọdịda ala, nke a naakọwa site na ọdịda nke oghere dị nime ala nke mepụtara ebe ala na-adaba nime oghere nkume dị nokpuru, naeweta nnukwu ihe ize ndụ na ihe onwunwe.<ref name="SinkholesResultingFromMan">{{Cite book|author=Newton|first=John G.|date=1987|chapter=Development of sinkholes resulting from man's activities in the eastern United States|series=U.S. Geological Survey Circular 968|chapterurl=https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1987/0968/report.pdf|publisher=U.S. Government Print Office|doi=10.3133/cir968|title=Circular}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=Kambesis|first=P.|date=2005|chapter=Collapse sinkhole at Dishman Lane, Kentucky|title=Sinkholes and Subsidence: Karst and Cavernous Rocks in Engineering and Construction|url=https://archive.org/details/sinkholessubside00walt|location=Berlin|publisher=Springer|doi=10.1007/b138363|isbn=3-540-20725-2}}</ref><ref name="SiteCharacterizationBenson"/> Mgbanwe nke ọkwa mmiri naeme ka usoro ọdịda a dị ngwa. Mgbe mmiri naarịgo site na oghere dị na nkume, ọ naebelata ịdị n'otu nke ala. Ka oge naaga, ka mmiri naagbadata, ala dị nro na-agbanye nime oghere nkume. Mmiri naasọ nime ọwara karst naebupụ ala, naegbochi ala ịba nime oghere nkume ma naekwe ka usoro ọdịda gaa nihu: 52-53<ref name="BuildingOnSinkholes">{{Cite book|author=Sowers|first=George F.|date=1996|title=Building on sinkholes|location=New York|publisher=American Society of Civil Engineers|doi=10.1061/9780784401767|isbn=0-7844-0176-4}}</ref>  Igwe mmiri naakpata naeme ebe ọrụ mmadụ na-agbanwe otú mmiri dị nelu si eme ka mmiri dị nokpuru ala. Ọtụtụ sinkholes sitere na mmadụ naeme ebe a naemetụta ihe okike naagbanye mmiri ma naagbakọta mmiri nelu. Ihe omume ndị nwere ike ime ka olulu mmiri daa ngwa ngwa gụnyere iwepụ osisi, ịdọrọ ọwa, ịtọ paịpụ, nsị, eriri mmiri, mmiri ozuzo, na igwu egwu. Ihe omume ndị a nwere ike ịbawanye mmegharị mmiri naagbadata karịa ọnụego okike nke mmiri dị nokpuru ala.: 26-29 Mmụba nke mmiri naesi n'elu okporo ụzọ, elu ụlọ, na ebe a naadọba ụgbọala naeme ka ọgba aghara nke mmadụ kpatara: 8<ref name="SinkholesResultingFromMan"/><ref name="SiteCharacterizationBenson"/>  Ụfọdụ sinkholes naebute akara ịdọ aka ná ntị, dị ka oghere, mkpọtụ, ma ọ bụ mkpọtụ, mana ndị ọzọ naetolite na obere ma ọ bụ enweghị ịdọ akaebe.: 32-34 Otú ọ dị, a ghọtara mmepe karst nke ọma, na njirimara ebe kwesịrị ekwesị nwere ike izere ọdachi karst.<ref name="SinkholesResultingFromMan"/> Nihi ya, ọtụtụ ọdachi sinkhole bụ ndị a na-ahụ anya na ndị a na'egbochi karịa "omume Chineke".: xii: 17 na 104 American Society of Civil Engineers ekwuputala na ikike maka ọdịda sinkhole gaabụ akụkụ nke atụmatụ iji ala eme ihe na mpaghara karst.<ref name="Waltham2005">{{Cite book|author=Waltham|first=Tony|title=Sinkholes and subsidence: karst and cavernous rocks in engineering and construction|year=2005|publisher=Springer [u.a.]|location=Berlin [u.a.]|isbn=978-3540207252|edition=1st}}</ref><ref name="SiteCharacterizationBenson"/> Ebe ọgba aghara nke ihe owuwu nwere ike ịkpata ọnwụ, a gaeme ka ọha na eze mara ihe ize ndụ: 88<ref name="BuildingOnSinkholes"/>  Ebe ndị nwere ike ịdaba na sinkhole bụ ebe enwere nnukwu njupụta nke sinkholes dị ugbu a. Ọnụnọ ha naegosi na ala nwere usoro ọgba ma ọ bụ oghere ndị ọzọ naadịghị akwụsi ike.<ref>{{Cite web|title=GIS and Spatial Statistical Methods for Determining Sinkhole Potential in Frederick Valley, Maryland, page 100 in Kuniansky, E.L., 2008, U.S. Geological Survey Karst Interest Group Proceedings, Bowling Green, Kentucky, May 27–29, 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5023, 142 p.|author=Doctor|first=Katarina|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5023/pdf/SIR2008-5023.pdf|publisher=U.S. Geological Survey|accessdate=27 November 2018}}</ref> Ebe nnukwu oghere dị na limestone nnukwu ọdịda nwere ike ime, dị ka Winter Park, Florida sinkhole collapse.: 91-92 Ntuziaka maka iji ala eme ihe na mpaghara karst kwesịrị izere ma ọ bụ belata mgbanwe nke ala na mmiri ozuzo.: 36<ref name="SiteCharacterizationBenson"/><ref name="SinkholesResultingFromMan"/>  Ebe ọ bụ na mgbanwe nke ọkwa mmiri naeme ka ọgba aghara daa ngwa ngwa, a ghaghị ime ihe iji belata mgbanwe nke ọkwa ማይ. Enwere ike ịchọpụta ma zere ebe ndị nwere ike ịdaba na sinkhole.: 88 Nógbè karst, nyocha ntọala ọdịnala (nke nwere ikike na ebe obibi) nke ikike ala nwere ịkwado ihe owuwu ga-agbakwunye site na nyocha nke ebe geotechnical maka oghere na ntụpọ dị nokpuru nkume.: 113 Ebe ọ bụ na ala / nkume dị nógbè ndị karst adịghị mma, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ihe nlele nokpuru ala (ọhịa na isi ihe n'ọ́tụ̀ ọ bụla) achọrọ naadịkarị ukwuu karịa nóebe ndị naabụghị karst: 98-99<ref name="BuildingOnSinkholes"/><ref name="BuildingOnSinkholes" /><ref name="BuildingOnSinkholes" />  [[Usòrò:December_Giant_sinkhole_collapse_USGS_1972.jpg|alt=More than three acres of trees are missing in a forest after collapsing into a funnel shaped pit with water at the bottom.|thumb|Ihe karịrị hekta atọ nke oké ọhịa na mberede furu efu n'ime olulu mmiri a "December Giant" na Montevallo, Alabama, USA.]] Nafọ 2015, U.S. Geological Survey mere atụmatụ na ọnụahịa maka nrụzi nke mmebi sitere na usoro metụtara karst dị ka ọ dịkarịa ala $ 300 nde kwa afọ nime afọ 15 gara aga, mana o kwuru na nke a nwere ike ịbụ nnukwu ihe naezughị ezu dabere na data ezughi oke.<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70155910|title=The cost of karst subsidence and sinkhole collapse in the United States compared with other natural hazards|author=Weary|first=David J.|editor=Doctor|date=2015|publisher=University of South Florida|doi=10.5038/9780991000951|isbn=978-0-9910009-5-1|accessdate=30 May 2019}}</ref> Ọnụ ọgụgụ kachasị ukwuu nke mmebi nke karst sinkhole na United States naeme na Florida, Texas, Alabama, Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, na Pennsylvania.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Kuniansky|first=E.L.|date=2016|title=The current status of mapping karst areas and availability of public sinkhole-risk resources in karst terrains of the United States|url=https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs10040-015-1333-3.pdf|journal=Hydrogeology Journal|volume=24|issue=3|doi=10.1007/s10040-015-1333-3|accessdate=5 May 2019}}</ref> Olulu mmiri kachasị ukwuu na nso nso a na USA nwere ike ịbụ nke e guzobere na 1972 na Montevallo, Alabama nihi na mmadụ mere ka mmiri dị ala nebe a naegwupụta nkume dị nso. "December Giant" ma ọ bụ "Golly Hole" sinkhole a naatụle 130 m (425 ft) ogologo, 105 m (350 ft) obosara na 45 m (150 ft) omimi: 1-2: 61-63<ref name="SinkholesResultingFromMan"/><ref name="BuildingOnSinkholes"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://library.usgs.gov/photo/#/item/51ddc5cae4b0f72b44720f4b|title=Possibly the nation's largest recent sinkhole – the "December Giant" measuring 425 feet long, 350 feet wide and 150 feet deep – formed in central Alabama.|author=<!--Not stated-->|work=USGS Denver Library Photographic Collection|publisher=U.S. Geological Survey|accessdate=28 May 2019}}</ref>  Ebe ndị ọzọ nwere nnukwu ihe ize ndụ karst gụnyere Ebro Basin n'ebe ugwu [[Spain]]; agwaetiti Sardinia; ala mmiri nke Ịtali; mpaghara Chalk nebe ndịda England; Sichuan, [[China]]; [[Jamaikạ|Jamaica]]; [[France]]; [[Kroatia|Croatia]]<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Parise|first=M.|title=Natural and anthropogenic hazards in karst areas: an introduction|journal=Geological Society, London, Special Publications|date=2007|volume=279|issue=1|pages=1–3|doi=10.1144/SP279.1}}</ref>; [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]]; [[Slovenia]]; na Russia, ebe otu ụzọ nụzọ atọ nke ala niile dị nokpuru karst.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Bonacci|first=O.|title=Karst flash floods: an example from the Dinaric karst (Croatia)|journal=Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences|date=31 March 2006|volume=6|issue=2|pages=195–203|doi=10.5194/nhess-6-195-2006}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Tolmachev|first=Vladimir|title=Experience in Collapse Risk Assessment of Building on Covered Karst Landscapes in Russia|journal=Karst Management|date=2011|pages=75–102|doi=10.1007/978-94-007-1207-2_4}}</ref> == Ihe mere == [[Usòrò:AlapahaRiver2002.jpg|thumb|Mmiri niile na-asọ nelu Osimiri Alapaha dị nso na Jennings, Florida nabanye nime olulu mmiri naeduga na mmiri dị nokpuru ala nke Floridan Aquifer]] [[Usòrò:Gouffre-v-hdr.jpg|thumb|Gouffre de Padirac na France a maara kemgbe 3rd c. ma nyochaa na 1889]] [[Usòrò:240_Faithway_Drive_sinkhole,_2015.png|thumb|Olulu mmiri dị na Florida n'afọ 2015]] Sinkholes naemekarị na ala karst. [1] Ala karst nwere ike ịnwe ọtụtụ puku sinkholes nime obere ebe, naenye ala ahụ ọdịdị akara. Olulu mmiri ndị a naagbanye mmiri niile, nihi ya, ọ bụ naanị osimiri ndị dị n'okpuru ala dị nebe ndị a. Ihe atụ nke [[Mamo Plateau|ala]] karst nwere ọtụtụ nnukwu sinkholes gụnyere [[Khammouan Mountains|Ugwu Khammouan]] (Laos) na Mamo Plateau (Papua New Guinea).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cnc3.co.tt/about/what-sinkhole|title=What is a sinkhole?|work=CNC3|accessdate=31 March 2016|date=14 March 2016}}</ref><ref name="wondermondo">{{Cite web|url=http://www.wondermondo.com/Best/World/Sinkholes.htm|title=Largest and most impressive sinkholes of the world|publisher=Wondermondo|date=19 August 2010|accessdate=19 August 2023|archivedate=14 March 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160314152911/http://www.wondermondo.com/Best/World/Sinkholes.htm}}</ref> Nnukwu sinkholes a maara nke e guzobere na sandstone bụ Sima Humboldt na Sima Martel na [[Venezuela]].<ref name="wondermondo" /> Ụfọdụ sinkholes naemepụta nime nnukwu okpokoro nke homogeneous limestone. Ọdịdị ha naeme ka ọ dịkwuo mfe site na nnukwu mmiri ozuzo, nke mmiri ozuzo dị ukwuu naakpata; mmiri ozuzo ndị dị otú ahụ naakpatakarị mmepụta nke nnukwu sinkholes na Ugwu Nakanaï, na agwaetiti New Britain na Papua New Guinea.<ref name="wondermondo2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.wondermondo.com/Countries/Au/Papua/EastNewBritain/Nare.htm|title=Naré sinkhole|publisher=Wondermondo|date=5 August 2010|accessdate=19 August 2023|archivedate=3 March 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303231946/http://www.wondermondo.com/Countries/Au/Papua/EastNewBritain/Nare.htm}}</ref> Osimiri ndị dị ike nokpuru ala nwere ike ịpụta na njikọ dị netiti limestone na nkume naadịghị agwakọta, naemepụta nnukwu oghere nokpuru. Nọnọdụ ndị dị otú ahụ, nnukwu sinkholes a maara nụwa emeela, dị ka 662 mita miri emi (2,172 ) Xiaozhai Tiankeng (Chongqing, China), nnukwu sótanos na Querétaro na San Luis Potosí steeti na Mexico na ndị ọzọ.<ref name="wondermondo"/><ref name="Zhu_tiankeng">{{Cite journal|author=Zhu|first=Xuewen|title=Tiankengs in the karst of China|journal=Speleogenesis and Evolution of Karst Aquifers|year=2006|volume=4|pages=1–18|url=http://www.speleogenesis.info/pdf/SG9/SG9_artId3290.pdf|issn=1814-294X|accessdate=23 September 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313045041/http://www.speleogenesis.info/pdf/SG9/SG9_artId3290.pdf|archive-date=13 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> Usoro ndị a naadịghị ahụkebe emeela nnukwu sinkholes nke Sistema Zacatón na Tamaulipas (Mexico), ebe ihe karịrị sinkholes 20 na usoro karst ndị ọzọ ejirila mmiri ọkụ naekpo ọkụ, acidic n'okpuru ala kpụọ.<ref name="gary">{{Cite web|url=http://www.geo.utexas.edu/faculty/jmsharp/zacaton/default.htm|title=Sistema Zacatón|publisher=by Marcus Gary|accessdate=2023-08-19|archivedate=2018-12-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181214005659/http://www.geo.utexas.edu/faculty/jmsharp/zacaton/default.htm}}</ref><ref name="wondermondo3">{{Cite web|url=http://www.wondermondo.com/Countries/NA/Mexico/Tamaulipas/SistemaZacaton.htm|title=Sistema Zacatón|publisher=Wondermondo|date=3 July 2010|accessdate=19 August 2023|archivedate=8 November 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111108043452/http://www.wondermondo.com/Countries/NA/Mexico/Tamaulipas/SistemaZacaton.htm}}</ref> Nke a emeela ka ọ bụghị naanị mmepụta nke olulu mmiri jupụtara n'ụwa - Zacatón - kamakwa usoro pụrụ iche nke travertine sedimentation nakụkụ elu nke olulu, naeduga na akara nke olulu ndị a na mkpuchi travertine.<ref name="wondermondo3" /> A maara steeti [[Flórídạ|Florida]] dị na North America maka inwe ọgba mmiri naada ugboro ugboro, ọkachasị nakụkụ etiti nke steeti ahụ. Limestone dị nokpuru ebe ahụ dị site na nde afọ 15 ruo 25. Nakụkụ steeti ahụ, sinkholes dị ụkọ ma ọ bụ naadịghị adị; limestone dị ihe dị ka afọ 120,000.<ref>{{Cite news|first=Tyler|author=Vazquez|title=The Hole Truth|url=https://www.floridatoday.com/story/news/2017/09/27/experts-say-sinkholes-unlikely-brevard-county/704151001/|work=Florida Today|pages=1A,2A|date=29 September 2017|accessdate=29 September 2017}}</ref> Mpaghara Murge dị nebe ndịda Ịtali nwekwara ọtụtụ olulu mmiri. Enwere ike ịmepụta oghere n'ime ọdọ mmiri naejigide mmiri site na nnukwu mmiri ozuzo.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dot.ca.gov/hq/esc/geotech/geo_support/geophysics_geology/documents/geophysics_2002/114garman_sinkhole4.pdf|title=IDENTIFICATION AND DELINEATION OF SINKHOLE COLLAPSE HAZARDS IN FLORIDA USING GROUND PENETRATING RADAR AND ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY IMAGING|author=William L. Wilson|publisher=Subsurface Evaluations, Inc.|accessdate=2023-08-19|archivedate=2017-02-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170225215949/http://www.dot.ca.gov/hq/esc/geotech/geo_support/geophysics_geology/documents/geophysics_2002/114garman_sinkhole4.pdf}}</ref> Nala oké osimiri Arctic, ikuku methane emeela ka nnukwu olulu mepụta.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Paull|first=Charles K.|title=Rapid seafloor changes associated with the degradation of Arctic submarine permafrost|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|date=22 March 2022|volume=119|issue=12|pages=e2119105119|doi=10.1073/pnas.2119105119|pmid=35286188}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Katie Hunt|title=Holes the size of city blocks are forming in the Arctic seafloor|url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/03/14/world/arctic-seafloor-holes-permafrost-scn/index.html|accessdate=2022-03-15|work=CNN}}</ref> == Ojiji mmadụ naeji ya eme ihe == A naeji oghere eme ihe ruo ọtụtụ narị afọ dị ka ebe a naekpofu ahịhịa maka ụdị ihe mkpofu dị iche iche. Nsonaazụ nke a bụ [[Mmetọ mmiri dị n'okpuru ala|mmetọ nke]] ihe onwunwe mmiri dị nokpuru ala, naenwe mmetụta siri ike na ahụike nebe ndị dị otú ahụ.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Erchul|first=R.A.|year=1991|chapter=Illegal disposal in sinkholes: The threat and the solution.|title=Appalachian Karst: Proceedings of the Appalachian Karst Symposium. 1991|publisher=National Speleological Society|isbn=9780961509354}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Vesper|first=D.J.|year=2001|title=Contaminant transport in karst aquifers.|journal=Theoretical and Applied Karstology|volume=13|pages=101–111|url=http://speleogenesis.info/directory/karstbase/pdf/seka_pdf4490.pdf|accessdate=22 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210307215719/http://speleogenesis.info/directory/karstbase/pdf/seka_pdf4490.pdf|archive-date=7 March 2021|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mmepeanya Maya naeji sinkholes na Yucatán Peninsula (nke a maara dị ka cenotes) dị ka ebe a naetinye ihe ndị dị oké ọnụ ahịa na àjà mmadụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/01/140116-maya-mexico-yucatan-cenote-bones-haunted-taboo-archaeology-science/|title="Haunted" Maya Underwater Cave Holds Human Bones|date=16 January 2014|accessdate=24 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140119212920/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/01/140116-maya-mexico-yucatan-cenote-bones-haunted-taboo-archaeology-science/|archive-date=19 January 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mgbe olulu mmiri dị omimi ma ọ bụ jikọọ ya na ọgba, ha nwere ike inye ihe ịma aka maka ndị nwere ahụmahụ ma ọ bụ, mgbe mmiri jupụtara, ndị naegwu mmiri. Ụfọdụ nime ndị kachasị mma bụ Zacatón cenote na Mexico (oghere mmiri jupụtara nụwa), oghere Boesmansgat na South Africa, Sarisariñama tepuy na Venezuela, Sótano del Barro na Mexico, na nobodo Mount Gambier, South Australia. A maara oghere ndị naetolite na coral reefs na agwaetiti ndị naadaba na nnukwu omimi dị ka oghere naacha anụnụ anụnụ ma naaghọkarị ebe a ma ama naegwu mmiri.<ref name="Rock_DivingBelize">{{Cite book|author=Rock|first=Tim|title=Diving & Snorkeling Belize|year=2007|publisher=Lonely Planet|location=Footscray, Vic.|isbn=9781740595315|edition=4th}}</ref>{{clear left}} == Aha obodo == [[Usòrò:Great_Blue_Hole.jpg|thumb|Great Blue Hole dị nso na Ambergris Caye, Belize]] Nnukwu oghere ndị a naadịghị ahụkebe amarala ndị obodo ahụ nke ọma kemgbe oge ochie. Noge ndị a, a naachịkọta sinkholes ma naakpọ aha na aha pụrụ iche ma ọ bụ aha nkịtị. E depụtara ụfọdụ ihe atụ nke aha ndị dị otú ahụ n'okpuru ebe a.<ref name="wondermondo4">{{Cite web|url=http://www.wondermondo.com/Attractions/Sinkholes.htm|title=Sinkholes|date=19 August 2010|publisher=Wondermondo|accessdate=19 August 2023|archivedate=10 June 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180610044105/http://www.wondermondo.com/Attractions/Sinkholes.htm}}</ref> * '''Aven''' - Nebe ndịda France aha a pụtara ọgba nasụsụ Occitan. * Oghere ojii (ekwesịghị ịgbagwoju anya na '''oghere ojii''' nke mbara igwe) - Okwu a naezo aka nìgwè nke oghere pụrụ iche, gburugburu, jupụtara na mmiri na Bahamas. Ọdịdị ndị a yiri ka mmiri oké osimiri naagbaze nime apịtị carbonate site nelu. Ọchịchịrị nke mmiri naesite na mkpuchi nke microorganisms phototropic nke naelekwasị anya na mkpuchi, naacha odo odo na 15 ruo 20 m (49 ruo 66 ) omimi; mkpuchi a "naeri" ìhè. Metabolism na okpokoro nke microorganisms naakpata okpomọkụ nke mmiri. Otu nime ha bụ Black Hole nke Andros.<ref name="wondermondo5">{{Cite web|url=http://www.wondermondo.com/Countries/NA/Bahamas/SouthAndros/AndrosBlackHole.htm|title=Black Hole of Andros|date=17 August 2010|publisher=Wondermondo|accessdate=19 August 2023|archivedate=4 March 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304052825/http://www.wondermondo.com/Countries/NA/Bahamas/SouthAndros/AndrosBlackHole.htm}}</ref> * Blue holes - A naenye aha a na mbụ na omimi sinkholes nke Bahamas mana a naejikarị ya eme ihe maka olulu mmiri ọ bụla jupụtara na nkume carbonate. Aha ahụ sitere na ụcha naacha anụnụ anụnụ nke mmiri na sinkholes ndị a, nke mmiri dị elu na nnukwu omimi nke sinkholes mepụtara; naanị ụcha naacha anụnụ uhie nke ụyọkọ a naahụ anya nwere ike ịbanye nime omimi dị otú ahụ ma laghachi mgbe ọ tụgharịrị. * Cenotes - Nke a naezo aka na sinkholes jupụtara na mmiri na Yucatán Peninsula, Belize na mpaghara ndị ọzọ. Ọtụtụ cenotes emeela na limestone nke a naetinye noké osimiri ndị naadịghị omimi nke mmetụta nke Chicxulub meteorite mepụtara. * Sótanos - A naenye ọtụtụ nnukwu olulu aha a n'ọtụtụ steeti nke Mexico. * Tiankengs - Ndị a bụ nnukwu olulu mmiri, nke na-adịkarị omimi ma obosara karịa 250 m (820 ft), nke nwere ọtụtụ mgbidi kwụ ọtọ, nke a na-emekarị site na ọdịda nke ọgba. Okwu a pụtara oghere igwe na Chinese; ọtụtụ n'ime ụdị oghere mmiri a kachasị ukwuu dị na China: 64<ref name="Waltham2005"/>  * '''[[Tomo (sinkhole)|Tomo]]''' - A naeji okwu a eme ihe na mba karst nke New Zealand iji kọwaa oghere ite.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://waikatoregion.govt.nz/services/regional-services/regional-hazards-and-emergency-management/subsidence/|title=Subsidence|work=Waikato Regional Council|language=en-NZ|accessdate=25 January 2018}}</ref> == Ọkpụkpọ pseudokarst == Oghere mmiri nke Guatemala City nke afọ 2010 malitere na mberede na Mee nke afọ ahụ; a naata nnukwu mmiri ozuzo sitere na Tropical Storm Agatha na usoro mmiri dị njọ ụta maka okike ya. O riri ụlọ nwere okpukpu atọ na ụlọ; ọ tụrụ ihe dịka 20 (66 ft) nobosara na 30 m (98 ) nomimi. [1] E guzobere oghere yiri nke ahụ na Febụwarị 2007.<ref name="LUN_quediablos">{{Cite news|author=Vidal|first=Luis|title=¿Que diablos provoco este escalofriante hoyo?|url=http://www.lun.com/Pages/NewsDetail.aspx?dt=2010-06-02&NewsID=95483&BodyID=0&PaginaId=14|accessdate=20 March 2013|work=Las Ultimas Noticias|date=2 June 2010|language=es}}</ref> Nnukwu oghere a kwụ ọtọ abụghị ezigbo oghere, ebe ọ naemeghị site na mgbawa nke limestone, dolomite, marble, ma ọ bụ nkume ọ bụla ọzọ naagbaze na mmiri.<ref name="Waltham2008">{{Cite journal|doi=10.1144/1470-9236/07-211|title=Sinkhole hazard case histories in karst terrains|year=2008|author=Waltham|first=T.|journal=Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology|volume=41|issue=3|pages=291–300}}</ref><ref name="Halliday2007">{{Cite journal|author=Halliday|first=W.R.|title=Pseudokarst in the 21st Century|journal=Journal of Cave and Karst Studies|year=2007|volume=69|issue=1|pages=103–113|url=http://www.caves.org/pub/journal/PDF/v69/cave-69-01-103.pdf|accessdate=24 March 2013}}</ref> Kama nke ahụ, ha bụ ihe atụ nke "pseudokarst" nke e mepụtara site na ọdịda nke nnukwu oghere ndị mepụtara na ebe na-adịghị ike, nke naagbawa agbawa nke Quaternary dị nokpuru obodo ahụ. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ naadịghị ike ma naagbawa agbawa, ihe ndị a naagbọpụta ọkụ nwere njikọ zuru ezu iji nye ha ohere iguzo nihu kwụ ọtọ ma mepụta nnukwu oghere dị nokpuru ala nime ha. Usoro a naakpọ "ụgbọ ala" bu ụzọ mepụta nnukwu oghere n'okpuru ala, ka mmiri si na mmiri naagbapụta na-agafe nime ebe ndị a naagbọpụta ọkụ ma jiri ígwè naasacha ihe ndị dị mma nke ugwu mgbawa nime ha, wee jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ naagbaze ma wepụ ihe ndị siri ike. Nikpeazụ, oghere ndị a dị nokpuru ala buru ibu nke na elu ụlọ ha dara iji mepụta nnukwu oghere.<ref name="Waltham2008" /> == Oghere okpueze == Oghere okpueze bụ ọdịda nihi ọrụ mmadụ nokpuru ala, dị ka igwu ala na oghere ndị agha.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gyproc.ie/subsidence-incident|title=Subsidence Incident &#124; Gyproc|accessdate=2023-08-19|archivedate=2023-09-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230930052133/https://www.gyproc.ie/subsidence-incident}}</ref><ref name="magheracloone">{{Cite journal|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/regional/2020/0417/1132198-crownhole-monaghan/|title=Crown hole appears in Magheracloone, Co Monaghan|journal=RTÉ News|date=17 April 2020|author=Hussey|first=Sinéad}}</ref> Ihe atụ gụnyere, ihe atụ ndị dị nelu oghere Agha Ụwa Mbụ na Ypres, [[Belgium]]; nakụkụ ebe a naegwupụta ihe na Nitra, [[Slovakia]]; ebe a naebe a naegwute nkume limestone na Dudley, England; na nelu ebe a na naegwe ihe ochie na Magheracloone, Ireland.<ref name="LLHungary" /><ref name="LLHungary">{{Cite web|url=https://www.birminghammail.co.uk/news/nostalgia/spare-thought-cricket-club-went-13767093|title=The cricket club that went down the hole|date=16 October 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|journal=Landscapes and Landforms of Hungary – World Geomorphological Landscapes|title=The Crater Lakes of Nagyhegyes|year=2015}}</ref><ref name="magheracloone" /> == Ihe atụ ndị a ma ama == [[Usòrò:Oman2-056_(8479895991).jpg|thumb|Bimmah ma ọ bụ Falling Star Sinkhole na Oman]] === N'Africa === * Boesmansgat - olulu mmiri dị ọcha nke South Africa, ihe dịka 290 m (950 ) miri emi.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Beaumont|first=P.B.|title=On a timescale for the past million years of human history in central South Africa|journal=South African Journal of Science|date=May–June 2006|volume=102|pages=217–228|issn=0038-2353}}</ref> * Ọdọ Mmiri Kashiba - Zambia. Ihe dị ka hekta 3.5 (8.6 acres) na mpaghara na ihe dị ka 100 m (330 ) omimi. === N'Eshia === * Blue Hole - Dahab, Egypt. Olulu mmiri gbara gburugburu ma ọ bụ oghere naacha anụnụ anụnụ, 130 m (430 ) miri emi. Ọ naagụnye ụzọ naeduga nOké Osimiri Uhie na 60 m (200 ), nke bụ ebe ọtụtụ nnwere onwe na mgbalị scuba, nke ikpeazụ naegbu egbu.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Halls|first=Monty|title=Scuba diving|year=2006|publisher=DK Pub.|location=New York|isbn=9780756619497|edition=1st American|url=https://archive.org/details/scubadiving0000hall/page/267}}</ref> * Akhayat sinkhole dị na Mersin Province, Turkey. Ọdịdị ya dị ihe dị ka 150 (490 ft) nobosara na omimi kachasị nke 70 m (230 ). * Olulu mmiri nke Barhout - Yemen. Ọgba dị omimi dị mita 112 (367 ) na Al-Mahara, Yemen. * Bimmah Sinkhole (Hawiyat Najm, Falling Star Sinkhole, Dibab Sinkhole) - Oman, ihe dịka 30 m (98 ) miri.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Rajendran|first=Sankaran|year=2014|title=ASTER mapping of limestone formations and study of caves, springs and depressions in parts of Sultanate of Oman|journal=Environmental Earth Sciences|volume=71|issue=1|pages=133–146, figure 9d (page 142), page 144|doi=10.1007/s12665-013-2419-7|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/258244404}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wondermondo.com/Countries/As/Oman/Muscat/Bimmah.htm|title=Bimmah sinkhole|date=3 February 2013|publisher=Wondermondo|accessdate=19 August 2023|archivedate=1 February 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160201063127/http://www.wondermondo.com/Countries/As/Oman/Muscat/Bimmah.htm}}</ref> * [[Baatara gorge sinkhole|Olulu mmiri Baatara]] na nsụda mmiri Baatara dị nakụkụ Tannourine na [[Lebanon|Lebanọn]] * [[Dashiwei Tiankeng]] na Guangxi, China, dị 613 m (2,011 ) miri emi, nwere mgbidi kwụ ọtọ. Nala bụ mpaghara ọhịa dịpụrụ adịpụ nke nwere ụdị dị iche iche dị ụkọ.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Zhu, Xuewen|year=2003|title=广西乐业大石围天坑群发现探测定义与研究|publisher=Guangxi Scientific and Technical Publishers|location=Nanning, Guangxi, China|isbn=978-7-80666-393-6}}</ref> * Dragon Hole, nke dị nebe ndịda nke Paracel Islands, bụ olulu mmiri kachasị omimi nokpuru mmiri nụwa. Ọ dị 300.89 m (987.2 ) miri emi.<ref name="xinhaunet">{{Cite news|title=China Exclusive: South China Sea "blue hole" declared world's deepest|work=New China|publisher=Xinhua|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2016-07/23/c_135534400.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160724153235/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2016-07/23/c_135534400.htm|archive-date=2016-07-24|access-date=2023-08-19|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="washpost">{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2016/07/26/researchers-just-discovered-the-worlds-deepest-underwater-sinkhole-in-the-south-china-sea/|title=Researchers just discovered the world's deepest underwater sinkhole in the South China Sea|work=The Washington Post}}</ref> * Shaanxi tiankeng cluster, na Daba Mountains nke ndịda Shaanxi, China, naekpuchi ebe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ square kilomita 5019 na nnukwu olulu mmiri bụ mita 520 n'obosara na mita 320 omimi.<ref>{{Cite news|title=陕西发现天坑群地质遗迹并发现少见植物和飞猫|publisher=Sohu.com Inc.|url=http://news.sohu.com/20161124/n474066542.shtml}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=25 November 2016|title=时事新闻--解密汉中天坑群——改写地质历史的世界级"自然博物馆"|publisher=Hanzhong People's Municipal Government|url=http://www.zb.gov.cn/ssxw/zbxw/201611/t20161125_373374.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161127164343/http://www.zb.gov.cn/ssxw/zbxw/201611/t20161125_373374.html|archivedate=27 November 2016}}</ref> * [[Teiq Sinkhole]] (Taiq, Teeq, Tayq) na Oman bụ otu n'ime nnukwu sinkholes nụwa site na oke: 90,000,000 m (3.2×109 ). Ọtụtụ wadis na-adịgide adịgide na-ada na nsụda mmiri dị egwu nime oghere miri emi 250 m (820 ).<ref>{{Cite news|date=11 January 2015|title=Dhofar caves: A tourist's paradise|work=Muscat Daily|url=http://www.muscatdaily.com/Archive/Oman/Dhofar-caves-A-tourist-s-paradise-3qrf/(language)/eng-GB}}</ref> * Xiaozhai Tiankeng - Chongqing, China. Oghere mmiri nwere oghere abụọ nwere mgbidi kwụ ọtọ, 662 m (2,172 ) miri emi.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Zhu|first=Xuewen|year=2006|title=Tiankeng: definition and description|journal=Speleogenesis and Evolution of Karst Aquifers|volume=4|issue=1|pages=1–8, Fig. 4. Structural interpretation of Xiaozhai Tiankeng, page 4|url=http://speleogenesis.info/pdf/SG9/SG9_artId3292.pdf|accessdate=28 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170207065222/http://speleogenesis.info/pdf/SG9/SG9_artId3292.pdf|archive-date=7 February 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Na Caribbean === * Dean's Blue Hole - Bahamas. Olulu mmiri nke abụọ a maara nokpuru oké osimiri, omimi 203 m (666 ). Ebe a ma ama maka asọmpi ụwa nke free diving, yana ntụrụndụ diving. === Na Central America === * Great Blue Hole - Belize. Ọmarịcha, oghere dị gburugburu, 124 m (407 ) miri. Ihe ndị a naadịghị ahụkebe bụ stalactites naagbadata na omimi, nke naegosi ebe mbụ nke ọkwa limestone dị mgbe olulu mmiri a dị n'elu oke osimiri. * 2007 Olulu mmiri nke Guatemala City * 2010 Mmiri ozuzo nke Guatemala City === Na Europe === * Hranice Abyss, nke dị na mpaghara Moravia nke Czech Republic, bụ ọgba kachasị omimi n'okpuru mmiri nụwa. Ogologo ala a kwadoro (dị ka 27 Septemba 2016) bụ 473 m (404 m n'okpuru ọkwa mmiri). * Pozzo del Merro, nso Rome, Ịtali. Na ala nke olulu conical 80 (260 ft), na dịka 400 m (1,300 ) miri emi, ọ bụ otu nime olulu mmiri miri emi n'ụwa (lee Sótano del Barro n'okpuru). * Ọdọ Mmiri Uhie - [[Kroatia|Croatia]]. Ihe dị ka 530 (1,740 ft) oghere miri emi nke nwere ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ mgbidi kwụ ọtọ, nwere ihe dị ka 280-290 m (920-950 ) ọdọ mmiri miri emi. * Ọwara Padirac - France Ọ dị 103 m (338 ) miri emi, na dayameta nke 33 mita (108 ụkwụ). Ndị nleta naagbadata mita 75 site na lift ma ọ bụ steepụ gaa nọdọ mmiri naenye ohere njem ụgbọ mmiri mgbe ha banyere nime usoro ọgba nke nwere osimiri dị nokpuru ala nke dị kilomita 55. * Vouliagmeni - Gris. A maara olulu mmiri nke Vouliagmeni dị ka "Olulu Ekwensu", [ odide dị mkpa] nihi na a naewere ya dị ka ihe dị oke egwu. Mmadụ anọ naegwu mmiri anwụọla na ya.<ref name="vogliameni">{{Cite news|author=Schonauer|first=Scott|title=Missing American divers will be laid to rest after 30 years|url=http://www.stripes.com/news/missing-american-divers-will-be-laid-to-rest-after-30-years-1.66763|accessdate=28 April 2013|work=Stars and Stripes|date=21 July 2007}}</ref> Ogologo oimi nke 35.2 m (115 in) na ịbanye n'akụkụ nke 150 m (490 ). * Pouldergaderry - Ireland. Olulu mmiri a dị n'obodo Kilderry South dị nso na Milltown, County Kerry na {{Coor|52|7|57.5|N|9|44|45.4|W|source:enwiki-plaintext-parser|}}.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.google.ie/maps/place/52%C2%B007%2757.5%22N+9%C2%B044%2745.4%22W/@52.1324101,-9.7467001,2000m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m2!3m1!1s0x0:0x0|title=52°07'57.5"N 9°44'45.4"W · Kilderry South, Co. Kerry, Ireland|work=52°07'57.5"N 9°44'45.4"W · Kilderry South, Co. Kerry, Ireland}}</ref>  Sinkhole ahụ, nke dị na mpaghara ebe akwa karst, dị ihe dịka mita 80 (260 ft) na dayameta yana mita 30 (98 ft) miri emi nke nwere ọtụtụ osisi tozuru oke naeto nala nke oghere ahụ. Nogo nke ala gbara ya gburugburu, sinkhole ahụ naekpuchi ihe dịka 1.3 acres. E gosiputara ọnụnọ ya na map Survey Ordnance malitere laa azụ na 1829. === Na North America === ==== Mexico ==== * Ọgba nke Swallows - San Luis Potosí. 372 m (1,220 ) miri emi, oghere dị gburugburu nwere mgbidi dị elu. * Puebla sinkhole - Santa Maria Zacatepec, Puebla. 120 m (400 ft) n'obosara na 15 m (50 ) omimi, ọ ka na-eto eto ka ọ na-erule June 2021[update].<ref>{{Cite web|author=Guzman|first=Joseph|title=A sinkhole larger than a football field has appeared in Mexico — and it's still growing|url=https://thehill.com/changing-america/sustainability/environment/557844-a-sinkhole-larger-than-a-football-field-has|work=TheHill|accessdate=June 11, 2021|language=en|date=2021-06-10}}</ref> * Sima de las Cotorras - Chiapas. 160 m (520 ft) n'obosara, 140 m (460 ) miri emi, na ọtụtụ puku parakeets na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na ihe osise nkume oge ochie. * Zacatón - Tamaulipas. Olulu mmiri kacha omimi , 339 m (1,112 ) omimi. [nkọwa ọzọ dị mkpa] ==== United States ==== * Amberjack Hole - oghere na-acha anụnụ anụnụ nke dị 48 (30 mi) nụsọ oké osimiri Sarasota, Florida. * Bayou Corne sinkhole - Assumption Parish, Louisiana. Ihe dị ka 25 acres na 230 m (750 ) omimi.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Wines|first=Michael|title=Ground Gives Way, and a Louisiana Town Struggles to Find Its Footing|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/26/us/ground-gives-way-and-a-louisiana-town-struggles-to-find-its-footing.html|accessdate=26 September 2013|work=New York Times|date=25 September 2013}}</ref> * Blue Hole - Santa Rosa, New Mexico. Ọnụ ụzọ mbata dị nelu bụ naanị 80 feet (24 ) nobosara, ọ naagbasa ruo 130 feet (40 m) nobosara nala. * Daisetta Sinkholes - Daisetta, Texas. E epụtara ọtụtụ sinkholes, nke kachasị ọhụrụ na 2008 na oke obosara nke 620 ft (190 ) na oke omimi nke 45 m (150 ).<ref>{{Cite news|author=Horswell|first=Cindy|title=Daisetta sinkhole still a mystery 8 months after it formed|url=http://www.chron.com/news/houston-texas/article/Daisetta-sinkhole-still-a-mystery-8-months-after-1605010.php|accessdate=29 June 2013|work=Houston Chronicle|date=5 January 2009}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Blumenthal|first=Ralph|title=Sinkhole and Town: Now You See It|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/09/us/09sinkhole.html?em&ex=1210478400&en=d764ffeb80ef3667&ei=5087%0A&_r=0|accessdate=29 June 2013|work=The New York Times|date=9 May 2008}}</ref> * Devil's Millhopper - Gainesville, Florida. 35 (120 ) omimi, 500 (150 m) obosara. Isi iyi iri na abụọ, ụfọdụ naahụ anya karịa ndị ọzọ, na-enye ọdọ mmiri dị na ala.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.floridastateparks.org/devilsmillhopper|title=Devils Millhopper Geological State Park|publisher=Floridastateparks.org|accessdate=3 May 2014|archivedate=2 January 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150102012348/http://www.floridastateparks.org/devilsmillhopper/}}</ref> * Golly Hole ma ọ bụ December Giant - Calera, Alabama. E wepụtara ya nụbọchị nke abụọ nọnwa Disemba afọ 1972. Ihe dị ka 300 site na 325 ft (91 site na 99 ) na 35 (120 ) miri emi.<ref>"[https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=cBIdAAAAIBAJ&sjid=MpwEAAAAIBAJ&pg=5787%2C5468505 Nation's largest sinkhole may be near Montevallo]" (29 March 1973) ''The Tuscaloosa News''</ref> * Grassy Cove - Cumberland County, Tennessee. 13.6 km2 (5.3 mi) na mpaghara na 42.7 m (140 in) omimi, National Natural Landmark.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://tnlandforms.us/landforms/m.php?wpt=CUX001|author=Dunigan, Tom|title=Grassy Cove|work=Tennessee Landforms|accessdate=11 March 2014|archivedate=11 March 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140311181655/http://tnlandforms.us/landforms/m.php?wpt=CUX001}}</ref> * Green Banana Hole - oghere naacha anụnụ anụnụ nke dị 80 (50 mi) nụsọ oké osimiri Sarasota, Florida. * Gypsum Sinkhole - Utah, na Capitol Reef National Park. Ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ 15 (49 ft) nobosara na ihe dịka 60 m (200 ) omimi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cathedral Valley – Capitol Reef National Park|url=http://www.nps.gov/care/planyourvisit/cathedralvalley.htm|publisher=National Park Service, US Dept of Interior|accessdate=24 March 2013}}</ref> * Ọdọ Mmiri Kingsley - Clay County, Florida. 8.1 km2 (2,000 acres) nógbè, 27 m (89 ) miri emi na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ gburugburu. * Ọdọ Mmiri Peigneur - New Iberia, Louisiana. Ogologo oge bụ 3.4 m (11 ft), ugbu a 400 m (1,300 ) na Diamond Crystal Salt Mine collapse. * Winter Park Sinkhole - Winter Park, Florida. E wepụtara ya na 8 Mee 1981. Ọ dị ihe dịka 110 (350 ft) nobosara na 25 m (75 ) omimi. Ọ bụ ihe a ma ama dị ka otu nime nnukwu sinkholes naadịbeghị anya na United States. A maara ya ugbu a dị ka Lake Rose.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Huber, Red|date=13 November 2012|title=Looking back at Winter Park's famous sinkhole|work=Orlando Sentinel|url=http://www.orlandosentinel.com/os-fla360-looking-back-at-winter-parks-famous-sinkhole-20121113-story.html}}</ref> === Na Oceania === * Harwood Hole - Abel Tasman National Park, New Zealand. 183 m (600 ) miri. === Na South America === * Sima Humboldt - Bolívar, Venezuela. Olulu mmiri kachasị ukwuu na sandstone, 314 m (1,030 ) miri emi, na mgbidi kwụ ọtọ. Ọhịa pụrụ iche, nke dịpụrụ adịpụ nala. * Nakụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ nke Cerro Duida, Venezuela, e nwere mgbagwoju anya nke canyons nwere sinkholes. Olulu miri kachasị omimi bụ 450 m (1,480 ft) omimi (site na ala kachasị ala n'ime canyon); omimi 950 m (3,120 ). == Hụkwa ==   == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] achocn424tg0b403i3inxkj1f2p98w8 0 32657 736900 708268 2026-10-09T08:49:46Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 736900 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Ron Rash''' (amụrụ na Septemba 25, 1953) bụ onye America na-ede uri, onye na-ede akụkọ mkpirikpi na onye na-edekọ akwụkwọ akụkọ na Parris Distinguished Professor na Appalachian Cultural Studies na Mahadum Western Carolina . == Oge ọ malitere == A mụrụ Rash na Septemba 25, 1953, na Chester, South Carolina ma too na Boiling Springs, North Carolina. <ref name="southernscrib" />Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum Gardner-Webb na Mahadum Clemson ebe o nwere B.A. na M.A. n'asụsụ Bekee, n'otu n'otu.<ref name="southernscrib">{{Cite web|author=Kingsbury|first=Pam|title=Language Can Be Magical: An Interview with Ron Rash|url=http://www.southernscribe.com/zine/authors/Rash_Ron.htm|work=Southern Scribe|publisher=Pam Kingsbury|accessdate=26 September 2017|date=2004}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Abụ na akụkọ Rash apụtala n'ihe karịrị 100 magazin na akwụkwọ akụkọ. ''Serena'' bụ onye ikpeazụ nke PEN / Faulkner Award na 2009. Rash enwetala otuto dị ka onye edemede akụkọ dị mkpirikpi, merie Frank O'Connor Award na 2010 maka Burning Bright . <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2010/sep/20/frank-o-connor-award-ron-rash|title=Frank O'Connor award goes to Ron Rash|author=Flood|first=Alison|date=2010-09-20|work=The Guardian|accessdate=2017-09-29|language=en-GB}}</ref>Ọrụ ndị na-adịbeghị anya dị ka The Outlaws (''Oxford American'', Summer, 2013) lekwasịrị anya na ndụ nkịtị na ndịda Appalachia. [[Jim Coby]] nyochara ojiji Rash jiri ihe omimi na-akpali akpali mee ihe na One Foot in Eden.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Coby|first=Jim|title='I ain't going to the jailhouse if I can help it': The Thriller Impulse in Ron Rash's ''One Foot in Eden''|journal=Clues: A Journal of Detection|date=2019|volume=37|issue=1|pages=19–29}}</ref> Ron Rash nwere John na Dorothy Parris Prọfesọ na Appalachian Cultural Studies na Mahadum Western Carolina, ebe ọ na-akụzi uri na akụkọ ifo na Ngalaba Bekee. == Ndepụta nke ọrụ == === Akwụkwọ akụkọ === * ''Otu Ụkwụ n'Iden'' (2002) <ref> {{Cite book|author=Rash|first=Ron|title=One Foot in Eden|url=https://archive.org/details/onefootinedennov0000rash|year=2002|publisher=Novello Festival Press|location=Charlotte, NC|isbn=0-9708972-5-1|pages=240 pp}}</ref><ref> {{Cite book|author=Rash|first=Ron|title=One Foot in Eden|year=2004|publisher=Picador|location=New York|isbn=0-312-42305-5|pages=[https://archive.org/details/onefootinedennov00rash/page/240 240 pp.]|url=https://archive.org/details/onefootinedennov00rash/page/240}}</ref> ** Ọ na-ewepụta ihe odide na isiokwu nke Raising the Dead. Ọ na-akọ akụkọ banyere otu obodo a chụpụrụ n'ebe obibi nke e mere ka ọ bụrụ ihe omimi igbu ọchụ ma tinye ya n'asụsụ uri nke Rash. * Ndị Nsọ n'Osimiri (2004) <ref> {{Cite book|author=Rash|first=Ron|title=Saints at the River|edition=1st|year=2004|publisher=Henry Holt|location=New York|isbn=0-8050-7487-2|pages=[https://archive.org/details/saintsatriver00rash/page/288 288 pp.]|url=https://archive.org/details/saintsatriver00rash/page/288}}</ref><ref> {{Cite book|author=Rash|first=Ron|title=Saints at the River|url=https://archive.org/details/saintsatriver0000rash|year=2005|publisher=Picador|location=New York|isbn=0-312-42491-4|pages=256 pp}}</ref> ** Banyere obodo South Carolina nke kewara n'ihe gbasara gburugburu ebe obibi. * Ụwa mere nke ziri ezi (2006) <ref> {{Cite book|author=Rash|first=Ron|title=The World Made Straight|edition=1st|date=April 2006|publisher=Henry Holt|location=New York|isbn=0-8050-7866-5|pages=[https://archive.org/details/worldmadestraigh00rash/page/304 304 pp.]|url=https://archive.org/details/worldmadestraigh00rash/page/304}}</ref> ** Ma akụkọ na-abịa n'afọ ndị 1970 na Appalachia na ntụgharị uche banyere ọrụ nke oge gara aga n'oge a, n'okwu a, ogbugbu nke Agha Obodo nke kewara Madison County, North Carolina. kemgbe ahụ. ** Emere ya ka ọ bụrụ ihe nkiri, nke David Burris duziri, wepụtara na 2015. * ''Serena'' (2008) <ref> {{Cite book|author=Rash|first=Ron|title=Serena|edition=1st|date=October 2008|publisher=Ecco Press|location=New York|isbn=978-0-06-147085-1|pages=[https://archive.org/details/serenanovel00rash/page/371 371 pp.]|url=https://archive.org/details/serenanovel00rash/page/371}}</ref> ** Nwunye nwere oké ọchịchọ nke onye isi osisi North Carolina, Serena, wetara mmụọ nke Lady MacBeth na North Carolina n'oge ịda mbà n'obi. ** Emere ya ka ọ bụrụ ihe nkiri, nke Susanne Bier duziri na Jennifer Lawrence na Bradley Cooper, wepụtara na 2014. * ''Cove'' (2012) ** Ezinụlọ na-enwe ọtụtụ ọdachi. Ndụ ha, ọkachasị nke Laurel, na-akpaghasị mgbe onye ọ na-amaghị bịarutere nke a chọtara mgbe ọ tara ahụhụ dị ukwuu. * ''N'elu Nsụda Mmiri'' (2015) ** E debere ya na Appalachia nke oge a, banyere ndụ nke ime ihe ike na njikọ dị ike na ala ahụ. * ''Mbilite n'Ọnwụ'' (2016) <ref>{{Cite book|title=The Risen|url=https://archive.org/details/risennovel0000rash|author=Rash|first=Ron|publisher=HarperCollins|year=2016}}</ref> * ''Onye Nlekọta'' (2023) === Akwụkwọ akụkọ === * The Woman at the Pond (The ''Southern Review'', Mpịakọta 46.4, 2010) * The Outlaws (''Oxford American'', Summer, 2013) == Onyinye == * 1987: General Electric Younger Writers Award<ref>{{Cite web|first=Garrett|author=Woodward|title=In search of the perfect word|url=https://smokymountainnews.com/archives/item/14573-in-search-of-the-perfect-word|work=Smoky Mountain News|year=2014|accessdate=29 November 2021}}</ref> * 1996: Ihe nrite Sherwood Anderson * 2002: Novello Literary Award (One Foot in Eden) * 2002: Ihe nrite ọla edo nke ForeWord Magazine na akụkọ ifo (One Foot in Eden) * 2002: Appalachian Book of the Year (One Foot in Eden) * 2004: Akwụkwọ akụkọ ifo nke Afọ site na Southern Book Critics Circle (Saints at the River) <ref name="Ron Rash Bio">{{Cite web|title=Ron Rash Bio|work=National Endowment of the Arts|url=https://www.arts.gov/impact/literary-arts/creative-writing-fellows/ron-rash|accessdate=2021-11-29}}</ref> * 2004: Akwụkwọ akụkọ ifo nke Afọ site na Southeastern Booksellers Association (Saints at the River) <ref name="Ron Rash Bio" /> * 2004: Ihe nrite Weatherford maka akwụkwọ akụkọ kacha mma nke afọ 2004 (Saints at the River) <ref>{{Cite web|title=Past Weatherford Award Winners|work=Berea College|url=https://www.berea.edu/appalachian-center/awards/weatherford-award/past-weatherford-award-winners/|accessdate=2021-11-29|archivedate=2021-11-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211127230950/https://www.berea.edu/appalachian-center/awards/weatherford-award/past-weatherford-award-winners/}}</ref> * 2005: James Still Award site na Fellowship of Southern Writers<ref>{{Cite web|title=FSW James Still Award|work=Fellowship of Southern Writers|url=https://www.fellowshipofsouthernwriters.org/james-still-award|accessdate=2021-11-29|archivedate=2021-11-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211129222544/https://www.fellowshipofsouthernwriters.org/james-still-award}}</ref> * Akụkọ dị mkpirikpi "Speckled Trout" gụnyere na 2005 O. Henry Prize Stories. <ref> {{Cite web|title=Past Winners List|work=The O. Henry Prize Stories|url=http://www.randomhouse.com/anchor/ohenry/winners/past.html|accessdate=2006-05-02}}</ref>Akụkọ a bụ ihe ndabere maka isi nke mbụ nke The World Made Straight .<ref> {{Cite web|title=Author Spotlight: Ron Rash|work=The O. Henry Prize Stories|url=http://www.randomhouse.com/anchor/ohenry/spotlight/rash.html|accessdate=2006-05-02}} </ref> * 2008: Finalist maka PEN / Faulkner Award for Fiction (Chemistry and Other Stories) <ref> {{Cite web|title=Past Award Winners & Finalists|work=Pen/Faulkner|url=https://www.penfaulkner.org/2011/08/01/past_award_winners/|accessdate=2021-11-29}}</ref> * 2009: Finalist maka PEN / Faulkner Award for Fiction (''Serena'') <ref>{{Cite web|title=Past Winners List|work=PEN/Faulkner Award for Fiction|url=http://www.penfaulkner.org/award-for-fiction/past-award-winners-finalists/|accessdate=2014-03-19|archivedate=2013-12-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131221031240/http://www.penfaulkner.org/award-for-fiction/past-award-winners-finalists/}}</ref> * 2010: Akụkọ mkpirikpi kacha mma nke America 2010 maka "The Ascent"<ref> {{Cite web|title=Table of Contents: The Best American Short Stories 2010|work=Schlow Center Region Library|url=https://search.schlowlibrary.org/Record/311855/TOC|accessdate=2021-11-29}} </ref> * 2010: Ihe nrite Heasley na Lyon CollegeKọleji Lyon * 2010: Frank O'Connor International Short Story Award (Burning Bright) <ref>{{Cite web|first=Alison|author=Flood|title=Frank O'Connor award goes to Ron Rash|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2010/sep/20/frank-o-connor-award-ron-rash|work=The Guardian|year=2010|accessdate=29 November 2021}}</ref> * 2010: A nabatara ya na South Carolina Academy of Authors<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.scacademyofauthors.org/inductees.html|title=Inductees|work=South Carolina Academy of Authors|language=en|accessdate=2017-09-29}}</ref> * 2011: SIBA Book Award (Fiction) maka Burning Bright<ref>{{Cite web|first=Dana|author=Bailey|title=2011 SIBA Book Award Winners|url=https://roanoke.com/entertainment/2011-siba-book-award-winners/article_2a74036b-96f4-5ed9-abf3-8feeb8334918.html|work=The Roanoke Times|year=2011|accessdate=29 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211129222546/https://roanoke.com/entertainment/2011-siba-book-award-winners/article_2a74036b-96f4-5ed9-abf3-8feeb8334918.html|archive-date=29 November 2021|url-status=dead}}</ref> * 2012: David J. Langum, Sr. Ihe nrite na American Historical Fiction maka The ''Cove''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Past Winners List|work=David J. Langum, Sr. Prize in American Historical Fiction|url=http://www.langumtrust.org/pastwin.html|accessdate=2014-03-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120630015353/http://www.langumtrust.org/pastwin.html|archivedate=2012-06-30}}</ref> * 2018: The Best American Short Stories 2018 (Fiction) maka "The Baptism"<ref> {{Cite book|title=Ron Rash's "The Baptism"|isbn=9780544582880|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BjtuDwAAQBAJ&dq=ron+rash+the+baptism+best+american+short+stories+2018&pg=PA242|accessdate=2021-11-29|author=Gay|first=Roxane|date=2 October 2018|publisher=Houghton Mifflin Harcourt}} </ref> === Ndepụta New York Times Bestseller === * E depụtara ''Serena'' dị ka # 34 maka Hardcover Fiction na mbipụta November 2, 2008 nke The New York Times Book Review .<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/books/best-sellers/2008/11/02/hardcover-fiction/|title=Hardcover Fiction Books - Best Sellers - November 2, 2008 - The New York Times|work=The New York Times|accessdate=2017-09-29|language=en}}</ref> * E depụtara ''Cove'' dị ka # 16 maka Hardcover Fiction na mbipụta Eprel 29, 2012 nke The New York Times Book Review ma nọgide na ndepụta ahụ dị ka # 29, # 22, na # 31 maka izu atọ sochirinụ.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/books/best-sellers/2012/04/29/hardcover-fiction/|title=Hardcover Fiction Books - Best Sellers - April 29, 2012 - The New York Times|work=The New York Times|accessdate=2017-09-29|language=en}}</ref> * Nothing Gold Can Stay edepụtara dị ka # 28 maka Hardcover Fiction na March 10, 2013 nke The New York Times Book Review.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/books/best-sellers/2013/03/10/hardcover-fiction/|title=Hardcover Fiction Books - Best Sellers - March 10, 2013 - The New York Times|work=The New York Times|accessdate=2017-09-29|language=en}}</ref> == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 8rasq0azn9uvmqr2mv000t4ecqsmmlg 0 33694 736908 142127 2026-10-09T10:49:13Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 736908 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   [[Category:Articles with hCards]] <ref>Richard F. Liebhart. "Biography of Sara A. Immerwahr." ''Hesperia Supplements'' Vol. 33, ''ΧΑΡΙΣ: Essays in Honor of Sara A. Immerwahr'' (2004), pp. XIII-XVI https://www.jstor.org/stable/1354058</ref>'''Sara Anderson Immerwahr''' (August 28, 1914 na Royersford, Pennsylvania - June 25, 2008 na Chapel Hill, North Carolina) bụ onye American Classical archaeologist . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Sally Anderson Immerwahr (1914-2008)|url=http://www.ascsa.edu.gr/index.php/news/newsDetails/sally-anderson-immerwahr|work=www.ascsa.edu.gr|publisher=[[The American School of Classical Studies at Athens]]|date=June 30, 2008|access-date=November 5, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105043525/https://www.ascsa.edu.gr/index.php/news/newsDetails/sally-anderson-immerwahr|archive-date=November 5, 2023|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ndụ == Immerwahr nwetara nzere bachelọ ya na Mount Holyoke College n'afọ 1935. Otu n'ime ndị nkuzi ya na Mount Holyoke bụ ọkà mmụta ihe ochie Caroline Morris Galt . <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Liebhart|first=Richard F.|date=2004|title=Biography of Sara A. Immerwahr|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1354058|journal=Hesperia Supplements|volume=33|pages=XIII–XVI|issn=1064-1173}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://classics.unc.edu/departmental-history/sara-immerwahr/|title=Sara Immerwahr - Department of Classics - The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill|work=classics.unc.edu|accessdate=22 January 2018}}</ref> nwetara Ph.D. ya na Bryn Mawr College na 1943 site na edemede akpọrọ "The Mycenaean Pictorial Style of Vase Painting in the Thirteenth Century BC" [1] Ọ lụrụ Henry Rudolph Immerwahr site na 1944 ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye otu ngalaba na akụkọ ihe mere eme na Mahadum nke North Carolina na Chapel Hill . <ref>Richard F. Liebhart. "Biography of Sara A. Immerwahr." ''Hesperia Supplements'' Vol. 33, ''ΧΑΡΙΣ: Essays in Honor of Sara A. Immerwahr'' (2004), pp. XIII-XVI https://www.jstor.org/stable/1354058</ref> N'afọ 2021, ụlọ akwụkwọ American School of Classical Studies dị n'Atens kpọrọ ụlọ ya na di ya. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Friends Name Henry R. and Sara A. Immerwahr Suite in New Student Center {{!}} American School of Classical Studies at Athens|url=https://www.ascsa.edu.gr/news/newsDetails/henry-and-sara-immerwahr-suite|accessdate=2022-05-01|work=www.ascsa.edu.gr}}</ref> == Mmụta agụmakwụkwọ == * 1990. ''Ihe osise Aegean n'oge Bronze Age.'' University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press. * 2004. Sara Anderson Immerwahr na Anne Proctor Chapin. ''Charis: edemede iji sọpụrụ Sara A. Immerwahr.'' Princeton NJ: American School of Classical Studies na Athens. == Ụmụ akwụkwọ == # 1972. Gesell, Geraldine C. ''Ihe akaebe nke Archaeological maka Minoan House Cult na ndụ ya na Iron Age Crete.'' Ph.D., Ngalaba nke Classics, Mahadum nke North Carolina na Chapel Hill. # 1974. Cross, Toni Marie ''Tripods ọla nchara na ebe ndị metụtara ya n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Mediterenian site na narị afọ nke iri na abụọ ruo narị afọ nke asaa BC.'' Ph.D., Ngalaba nke Classics, Mahadum nke North Carolina na Chapel Hill. # 1975. Mattusch, Carol C. Casting Techniques of Greek Bronze Sculpture: Foundries and Foundry Remains from the Athenian Agora with Reference to Other Ancient Sources. Ph.D., Ngalaba nke Classics, Mahadum nke North Carolina na Chapel Hill. # 1981. Haskell, Halford W. Ihe mkpofu Coarse Ware Stirrup nke Krit na Cyclades. Ph.D., Ngalaba nke Classics, Mahadum nke North Carolina na Chapel Hill. # 1981. Sutton, Robert F. ''Mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị gosipụtara na Attic Red-figure Pottery.'' Ph.D., Ngalaba nke Classics, Mahadum nke North Carolina na Chapel Hill. == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Sara "Sally" Anderson ImmerwahrnaChọta Ili 7hmo1xpycdbv70k4sasr4ddtno66ehf 0 34004 736889 723071 2026-10-09T02:46:41Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 736889 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Olajide Aluko''' (3 June 1942 - 5 March 1991) <ref>{{Cite news|author=Alao|first=Abiodun|title=Olajide Aluko: Remembering an Intellectual Giant|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2022/06/03/olajide-aluko-remembering-an-intellectual-giant/|accessdate=13 September 2022|work=This Day}}</ref> bụ onye ọkà mmụta Naijiria bụ onye n'ọnwa Ọktoba 1977 ghọrọ prọfesọ mbụ nke mmekọrịta mba ụwa na Sub-Saharan Africa. A na-ekwukwa na ọ bụ Doyen nke International Relations. Ọ bụ onye edemede na-emepụta ihe na onye na-ekwu okwu na nnọkọ nke dere ma dezie ọtụtụ akwụkwọ na akwụkwọ akụkọ gbasara mmekọrịta mba ụwa. == Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == A mụrụ Aluko na 3 June 1942 na Ise-Ekiti, [[Ȯra Ekiti|Ekiti Steeti]] n'ime ezinụlọ Ndị Kraịst na Ise-ekiti, Head Quarters nke Isokan Local Government na Ondo Steeti (nke dị ugbu a na Ekiti Steeti) Ọ gara St Mark's Primary School, Ise-Ekiti, Site n'ebe ahụ, ọ gara, na 1955, na Ekiti Parapo College, Ido Ekiti, nke Chief Adepoju Akomolafe guzobere na 1954. Ọ bụ onye isi na 1959. Ọ gara n'ihu na-agụ akwụkwọ na Nigerian College of Arts and Science ebe ọ gara Mahadum Ibadan ebe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ n'elu klas ya na BA History na 1965 ma nye ya nwa akwụkwọ kachasị mma na History n'oge nnọkọ 1964/65.   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2023)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na [[London]] iji gaa n'ihu na agụmakwụkwọ ya na London School of Economics, Mahadum London ebe ọ gụsịrị aha ya na nzere masta na akụ na ụba (Msc. Econs) na 1966, wee gaa n'elu mezue nzere doctorate ya (Ph.D) na mmekọrịta mba ụwa ma mgbe ọ laghachiri [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]], e nyere ya prọfesọ nke mmekọrịta mba ụwa mgbe ọ dị afọ 35 na 1977, ọ ghọrọ prọfesor mbụ nke mmekọrịta mba na Sub-Saharan Africa.   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2023)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> == Echiche na ọrụ == <ref>Olayiwola Abegunrin; Nigerian Foreign Policy under Military Rule, 1966-1999. Praeger, 2003. pp 8</ref> Aluko kwadoro echiche Hans Morgenthau banyere iwu mba ọzọ n'ọmụmụ ihe ya banyere [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]] na iwu mba ọzọ nke [[Afrịka]]. N'ime ụfọdụ n'ime ihe odide mbụ ya n'oge ọganihu mmanụ nke afọ 1970, ọ dabere n'echiche nke mba Naijiria siri ike ma dị ike, ebe enwere ike iji uru nke akụ na ụba nke mba ahụ dịka mmanụ na agro-commodities mee ihe iji mepụta ike akụ na ụba n'ime. Ihe ga-esi na nke a pụta ga-abụ mba ahụ na-eme ka ike ya dịkwuo ukwuu na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị mpaghara na nke mba ụwa ma na-emepụta ụkpụrụ ya dabere na ọdịmma akụ na ụba, ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya. Otú ọ dị, site na ọdịda nke ọnụahịa mmanụ, echiche efu nke [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]] dị ike ma ọ bụ iwu mba ọzọ kwụsiri ike mebiri site na mmalite afọ 1980. Prọfesọ Aluko mechara rụrịta ụka megide njem Naịjirịa na-aga n'ihu na iwu mba ọzọ. <ref>Timothy M. Shaw, Julius Omozuanvbo Ihonvbere, Illusions of Power: Nigeria in Transition - 1998. pp 168</ref> kwenyere na ọ ga-ebufe ihe onwunwe mba na ike maka mpaghara mgbe [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]] ka nọ na ịda ogbenye ma nwee obere nkwụsi ike akụ na ụba na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị iji nweta nkwanye ùgwù n'etiti mba ndị ọzọ. == Ọrụ == Mgbe e nyere ya PhD na mmekọrịta mba ụwa na London School of Economics, Mahadum London, <ref>{{Cite web|author=Science|first=London School of Economics and Political|title=LSE Home|url=https://www.lse.ac.uk/Home.aspx|accessdate=2022-10-03|work=London School of Economics and Political Science|language=en-GB}}</ref> ọ laghachiri [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]], ebe ọ malitere ọrụ dị ka onye nkuzi nke mmekọrịta mba ụwa n'ụlọ akwụkwọ Institute of Administration, Mahadim Ife. N'okpuru idu ndú ya, e guzobere ụlọ ọrụ nchịkwa mbụ ahụ ka ọ bụrụ Faculty of Administration na 5 Machị 1976. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Website of the Department of IRS – Our Website|url=https://irs.oauife.edu.ng/|accessdate=2022-10-03|language=en-US}}</ref> guzobere Ngalaba Mmekọrịta Mba Nile nke mbụ [1] na Sub-Sahara Africa ebe ọ ghọrọ Onye isi Ngalaba site na 1976 1981 ma mesịa bụrụ Dean, Faculty of Administration na 1981 ma jee ozi ruo na njedebe nke ọrụ ya na 1985. Jide Aluko nyere aka nke ukwuu na ọmụmụ nke mmekọrịta mba ụwa na [[Afrịka]]. Ọ bụ prọfesọ bụ onye malitere ọmụmụ mmekọrịta mba ụwa n'Africa. N'afọ 1971, ọ malitere nzere postgraduate na nzere masta na mmekọrịta mba ụwa na Mahadum Ife (nke bụzi [[Mahadum nke Obafemi Awolowo|Mahadum Obafemi Awolowo]], Ile-Ife) Ọ bụ naanị onye dere akwụkwọ anọ a ma ama na mba ụwa gbasara gọọmentị, mmekọrịta mba ụwa da Iwu mba ọzọ. O sokwa dee akwụkwọ asaa gbasara mmekọrịta mba ụwa. Na mgbakwunye, o nwere ihe karịrị akwụkwọ iri anọ na ise e dere na akwụkwọ akụkọ obodo na nke mba ụwa n'ọtụtụ mba n'ụwa. Jide Aluko, bụ onye natara ọtụtụ onyinye na nsọpụrụ mba ụwa karịsịa: Ngalaba Ihe Nrite, nwa akwụkwọ kachasị mma na akụkọ ihe mere eme, 1964/65 nnọkọ, Mahadum Ibadan, prọfesọ nleta, Fellowship nyere site na Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, Mahaduma Dalhousie, Halifax, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Dalhousie University|url=https://www.dal.ca/|accessdate=2022-10-03|work=Dalhousie University|language=en}}</ref> 1978; Rockefeller Fellowsship iji mụọ na Rockefellers Study Centre, <ref>{{Cite web|title=The Bellagio Center|url=https://www.rockefellerfoundation.org/bellagio-center/|accessdate=2022-10-03|work=The Rockefeller Foundation|language=en-US}}</ref> Bellagio, Ịtali na Eprel / Mee 1989. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na [[Ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke Nigeria|Gọọmentị etiti nke Naịjirịa]] n'ụdị dị iche iche n'ime na n'èzí mba ahụ na mba ndị ọzọ dị n'Afrịka n'ihe gbasara iwu. Ọ na-ekwu okwu kwa afọ na National Institute of Policy and Strategic Studies, Kuru <ref>{{Cite web|title=HOME|url=https://nipsskuru.gov.ng/|accessdate=2022-10-03|work=National Institute for Policy and Strategic Studies - Kuru|language=en-US}}</ref> kemgbe 1979 ma sonye n'ọtụtụ nzukọ ọmụmụ ihe nke [[Ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke Nigeria|Gọọmentị etiti nke Naịjirịa]] na [[Nigerian Army|Ndị agha Naịjirịa]] haziri. Ọ bụ onye isi oche nke Nigerian Society of International Affairs <ref>{{Cite web|title=Nigerian Institute of International Affairs (NIIA)|url=https://www.africaportal.org/content-partners/nigerian-institute-of-international-affairs-niia/|accessdate=2022-10-03|work=Africa Portal|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221002123005/https://www.africaportal.org/content-partners/nigerian-institute-of-international-affairs-niia/|archive-date=2022-10-02|url-status=dead}}</ref> na 1974-1975, na onye isi oche site na 1981 - 1983. Ọ bụ onye otu ọtụtụ ndị ọkachamara obodo na nke mba ụwa gụnyere Canadian Association of Africa Affairs, International Institute of Strategic Studies UK, Royal Institute of International Affairs. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Nigeria – Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Nigeria|url=https://foreignaffairs.gov.ng/|accessdate=2022-10-03|language=en}}</ref> bụ Enyi otu Nigerian Institute of International Affairs, [1] Lagos na onye otu Governing Council nke Foreign Service Academy nke Ministry of External Affairs, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Nigerian Institute of International Affairs (NIIA)|url=https://www.africaportal.org/content-partners/nigerian-institute-of-international-affairs-niia/|accessdate=2022-10-03|work=Africa Portal|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221002123005/https://www.africaportal.org/content-partners/nigerian-institute-of-international-affairs-niia/|archive-date=2022-10-02|url-status=dead}}</ref> Lagos site na 1980 ruo 1988. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Home|url=https://www.jhu.edu/|accessdate=2022-10-03|work=Johns Hopkins University|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=האוניברסיטה העברית בירושלים {{!}} The Hebrew University of Jerusalem {{!}}|url=https://en.huji.ac.il/en|accessdate=2022-10-03|work=en.huji.ac.il}}</ref> kụziri ihe na Mahadum Hibru nke Jerusalem [1] site na 1989 -1990 wee gaa n'ihu bụrụ prọfesọ nleta na Mahadim Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, [2] U.S.A na 1990. == Ndụ onwe onye, ọnwụ na ihe nketa == Olajide Aluko lụrụ Ekundayo Monilola Aluko ma ha nwere ụmụ ise. Ọ nwụrụ na 5 Machị 1991 mgbe ọ dị afọ 49. Kemgbe ọnwụ <ref>{{Cite book|author=Alao|first=Abiodun|url=https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/mugabe-and-the-politics-of-security-in-zimbabwe(1f5f55e3-cc6e-4f15-8906-270707d74cb2)/export.html|title=Mugabe and the politics of security in Zimbabwe|date=2012-10-01|publisher=McGill-Queen's University Press|isbn=978-0-7735-4044-6|language=English|archive-date=2022-10-02|access-date=2023-11-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221002171042/https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/mugabe-and-the-politics-of-security-in-zimbabwe(1f5f55e3-cc6e-4f15-8906-270707d74cb2)/export.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>, ndị bụbu ụmụ akwụkwọ ya na ndị mmekọ ya emeela ka aha ya ghara ịnwụ anwụ, dịka ọmụmaatụ Prọfesọ Olusoji Akomolafe, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Departments {{!}} College of Liberal Arts {{!}} Norfolk State University - Norfolk State University|url=https://www.nsu.edu/Academics/Faculty-and-Academic-Divisions/Schools-and-Colleges/College-of-Liberal-Arts/Departments/Political-Science/Faculty-Staff|accessdate=2022-10-03|work=www.nsu.edu}}</ref> ya na otu n'ime ndị ọrụ ibe ya, onye nwụrụ anwụ Prọfesor Olayiwola Abegunrin, <ref>{{Cite web|author=Aix|date=2020-04-30|title=Olayiwola Abegunrin (1946-2020)|url=https://africanstudies.org/individual-membership/in-memory/olayiwola-abegunrin-1946-2020/|accessdate=2022-10-03|work=African Studies Association Portal - ASA - ASA|language=en-US}}</ref> kpọkọtara ọtụtụ ụmụ akwụkwọ ya iji dee "Nigeria na Global Politics; narị afọ nke iri abụọ. <ref>{{Cite book|author=Abegunrin|first=Olayiwola|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9t1yAAAAMAAJ|title=Nigeria in Global Politics: Twentieth Century and Beyond : Essays in Honor of Professor Olajide Aluko|date=2006|publisher=Nova Science Publishers|isbn=978-1-59454-997-7|language=en}}</ref> Nkwanyere ya ùgwù, Prọ Tale Omole, onye bụbu osote chancellor nke Mahadum Oba Awolowo Mahadum 2011 - 2016 kwetara ya n'ihu ọha na ncheta ya, "Nigeri, Nche Africa Africa", "Migeria, France na Mahadum Africa Africa Africa Africa" Prọ Africa Africa Africa nke China China China China nke China China: "Mioun", <ref>{{Cite web|title=Professor Abiodun Alao|url=https://www.kcl.ac.uk/people/abiodun-alao|accessdate=2022-10-02|work=www.kcl.ac.uk|language=en-GB}}</ref> Nchebe, Prọlite, Prọ Africa na China China China: N'afọ 2013, ụfọdụ n'ime ụmụ akwụkwọ ya sonyeere ezinụlọ ahụ n'ịmepụta Prọfesọ Olajide Aluko Educational Memorial Foundaion (POAEMF) <ref>{{Cite web|author=Toinho|date=2013-06-03|title=Dialogues: USA Africa Dialogue Series - Launching of Professor Olajide Aluko Education Memorial Foundation|url=http://dialogueseriesnew.blogspot.com/2013/06/usa-africa-dialogue-series-launching-of.html|accessdate=2022-10-03|work=Dialogues}}</ref> na ncheta ya. == Akwụkwọ ndị a họọrọ == * Essays in Nigerian Foreign Policy. Unwin Hyman Disemba 1981,   * Ghana na Naijiria, 1957-70. Africa Book Centre Ltd July 1977,   * Iwu mba ọzọ nke mba Afrịka. Onye nchịkọta akụkọ, Hodder Arnold Eprel 10, 1977.   [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0-340-21030-3|0-340-21030-3]] * Africa na Great Powers na 1980s. Onye nchịkọta akụkọ, Univ Pr nke Amer November 1987.   [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0-8191-5592-6|0-8191-5592-6]] * Ọdịnihu nke Africa na New International Economic Order Nieo. Onye nchịkọta akụkọ, Palgrave Macmillan Eprel 1986,   * Ndịda Afrịka n'afọ ndị 1980. Onye nchịkọta akụkọ, Allen & Unwin Pty., Limited Australia, Eprel 1985,   * The Political Economy of African Foreign Policy: Comparative Analysis, onye nchịkọta akụkọ. Palgrave Macmillan August 1984.   [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/0-312-62253-8|0-312-62253-8]].&nbsp; == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] by4kn31rfqutjl7dcll73p98hxguqks 0 35271 736910 723610 2026-10-09T10:52:46Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 736910 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''[[w:Sara Ibrahim Abdelgalil|Sara Ibrahim Abdelgalil]]''' [[w:Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health|<small>FRCPCH</small>]] ({{Lang-ar|سارة إبراهيم عبد الجليل}}) bụ dọkịta si mba Sudan bi na UK na onye na-akwado ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na-etinye aka na atụmatụ [[w:Sudanese in the United Kingdom|Ndị Sudan bi na mba ndị ọzọ]].<ref>{{Cite news | last1 = Salih | first1 = Zeinab Mohammed | last2 = Burke | first2 = Jason | last3 = Crerar | first3 = Pippa | ikpeazụ4 = Borger | first4 = Julian | ụbọchị = 2023-04-17 | aha = Ime ihe ike Sudan na-abawanye ka ndị otu na-emegide jụ oku nkwụsị ọkụ | asụsụ = en-GB | ọrụ = Onye nche | url = https://www.theguardian/ | access-date = 2023-11-11 | issn = 0261-3077 | title = Archive copy | archive-date = 2013-09-21 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130921084558/http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2013/jun/19/xbox-one-drm-second-hand-restrictions-abandoned | url-status = dead }}</ref>Onye òtù ndị dọkịta Sudan n'alụ ọgụ maka ikike ndị ruuru mmadụ, ọ na-ekwusi ike maka nchekwa ụmụaka, ma nyekwa aka pụtara ìhè n'oge [[w:Sudanese revolution | 2018–2019 ngagharị iwe Sudan]] ma megide [[w:2021 Sudanese coup d'état | ámụ̀mà iwere oche ọchịchị n'ike nke ndị ọlụagha nke afọ 2021]] dị ka ọnụ na-ekwuchitere ndị [[w:|Sudanese Professionals Association]]. === Akụkọ Ndụ Ya === A mụrụ Sara Ibrahim Abdelgalil nye Ibrahim Hassan Abdelgalil, onye ọkammụta n'isi ọmụmụ ịkọnọmiks na Mahadum Khartoum <ref name=":2">{{Cite web | ikpeazụ=مداميك |date=2021-06-23 |title =د:سارة عبد الجليل ... أنتظر عشرين عامًا عودتى إلى المنزل...! |url=https://www.medameek.com/?p=54767 |access-date=2023-11-11 |website=صحيفة مداميك |language=ar}}</ref> na onye òtù ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị [[w:Democratic Unionist Party (Sudan)|Democratic Unionist Party]] onye nwụrụ na 14 Ọktoba 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |title=عزاء لـ "نقيبة الأطباء ببريطانيا" سارة عبد الجليل في وفاة والدwww. alttahrer.com/archives/21830 |access-date=2023-11-11}}</ref> Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ nweta nzere [[w:|Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery]] na Mahadum Khartoum n'afọ 1998 na-anata ihe nrite Lord Kitchener na Albagdadi's Awards.<ref name=":1">{{Cite webụ | ikpeazụ=Manhom |title=سارة عبد الجليل |url=https://manhom.com/%D8%B4%D8%AE%D8%B5%D9 %8A%D8%A7%D8%AA/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84% D8%AC%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84/ |oghere-ụbọchị=2023-11-11 |webụsaịtị=Mن هم? {{!} بوابة الشخصيات والمؤسسات |language=ar}}</ref><ref name=":2" /> Sara na-arụkọ ọrụ ya na ụmụaka gbara ọsọ ndụ na UK, ụmụaka nọ n'okporo ámá na Brazil, na ụlọ ụmụ mgbei na Sudan. N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, ọ natara nkwado na nkwanye ùgwù n'aka Eze Charles maka nnukwu enyemaka ya pụtara ìhè nye ndị Sudan. Sara{{NoteTag|Sara Ibrahim Abdelgalil sitere na omenala na-adịghị eji aha ikpeazụ eme ihe.}} kwagara United Kindgom n'afọ 2001,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Writer |first=Staff |date=2019-04 -08 | aha = Ụmụ nwanyị na-ebute ụzọ na Mkpesa Sudan | url = https://theglobepost.com/2019/04/08/sudan-protest-women/ | nweta-date=2023-11-11 | webụsaịtị = The Globe Post |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":2" /> wee gụchaa ma nweta nzere Mastas ya n'isi ọmụmụ [[w:Tropical Paediatrics and Child Health]], nata ihe nrite [[w:|John Hey Prize, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine]] n'afọ 2002. <ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> Ọ bụ onye òtù [[w:|Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health]]. Ọ bụ onye ndụmọdụ gbasara ụmụaka na [[w:|NHS England]] kemgbe 2003 na Ụlọ ọgwụ Mahadum Norfolk na Norwich,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust » Sara Abdelgalil |url= https://www.nnuh.nhs.uk/people/sara-abdelgalil/ |access-date=2023-11-11 |website=www.nnuh.nhs.uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | ụbọchị = 2023-04-27 | aha = Dọkịta Sudan na-arụ ọrụ n'ụlọ ọgwụ Norwich na-atụ ụjọ maka ndị ikwu ya na-agbanarị mpaghara agha |url=https://www.itv.com/news/anglia/2023-04-27/sudanese- doctor-in-uk-fears-for-her-relatives-fleeing-battle-zone |website=ITV}}</ref> ọkammụta nta na Mahadum St. George kemgbe 2015, na ọkachamara n'enyemaka mmadụ ndị nwere ihe mberede, na-atụ atụmatụ itinye ahụmahụ ya n'ọrụ maka mmetụta dị mma zuru ụwa ọnụ nye ndị na-adịghị ike na ndị mmadụ na ụmụaka.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Sara Ibrahim Abdelgalil|url=https://interview-her.com/speaker/sara-ibrahim-abdelgalil/|access-date=2023-11-11|website=interview-her.com|accessdate=2023-12-26|archivedate=2023-11-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231111223536/https://interview-her.com/speaker/sara-ibrahim-abdelgalil/}}</ref> A matara ya dị ka ọkachamara n'itinye aka na ihe gbasara mba ndị ọzọ site na European Union Diaspora Forum.<ref>{{Cite journal | ikpeazụ=Devi |first=Sharmila |date=November 2023 |title=Sudan chere nsogbu ndi mmadu ihu nke "oke oke" |url=https://doi.org/ 10.1016/S0140-6736(23)02515-1 |journal=The Lancet |olu=402 | mbipụta=10414 | ibe=1738–1739 |doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(23)02515s |n =0140-6736}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-26 |title=Sudan si mba ọzọ na-agbalị ịgbatị usoro ndụ na enyemaka azụ n'ụlọ |url=https://www.seattletimes./ |nweta-date=2023-11-11 |website=The Seattle Times |asụsụ=en-US |accessdate=2023-12-26 |archivedate=2013-08-25 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130825004813/http://seattletimes/ }}</ref> Sara bụ onye òtù [[w:|Sudan's Doctors for Human Rights]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Onye na-akwado Sudan: 'Anyị gwara ha na nke a agaghị arụ ọrụ, mana ha egeghị ndị mmadụ ntị' - Geneva Solutions |url=https: //genevasolutions.news/peace-humanitarian/Sudanese-activist-anyị-gwara ha-nke a-agaghị-arụ ọrụ-ma-ha-egeghị-ndị-mmadụ | nweta-date=2023- 11-11 |website=genevasolutions.news |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-16 |title=Ụmụ nwanyị Sudan nọ n'ihu ọha nke Nguzogide |url=https:/ /wpsn-canada.org/sudan/ |access-date=2023-11-11 |website=Women, Peace and Security Network - Canada |language=en-CA}}</ref> ma na-elekwasị anya na nchedo ụmụaka na ihe ịma aka nke ọnọdụ Sudan na-enye <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-26 |title=Sudanese abroad try to extend a lifeline and aid back home |url=https://arab.news/6f7x6 |access-date=2023-11-11 |website=Arab News |language=en}}</ref> Sara bụụrụ onye isi oche nke [[w:|Sudan Doctors' Union]] (ngalaba UK) n'etiti afọ 2017 na 2020 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Past Presidents – Sudan Doctors Union – UK Branch |url=https://sdu.org.uk/?page_id=1312 |access-date=2023-11-11 |language=en-AU |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231111221938/https://sdu.org.uk/?page_id=1312 |archive-date=2023-11-11 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Women, children bear brunt of violence in Sudan |url=https://www.herald.co.zw/women-children-bear-brunt-of-violence-in-sudan/ |access-date=2023-11-11 |website=The Herald |language=en}}</ref> ma bụrụkwa onye nkwuchite ọnụ [[w:|Sudanese Professionals Association]],<ref>{{Citation |title=Africa 54 - November 1, 2021 |date=2021-11-01 |url=https://www.voaafrica.com/a/6295496.html |access-date=2023-11-11 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Pilling |first=David |date=2019-04-21 |title=Sudan opposition breaks off talks with military |work=Financial Times |url=https://www.ft.com/content/1a61bd90-6446-11e9-a79d-04f350474d62 |access-date=2023-11-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sudan's Bashir is in prison, but his officials are sweeping back into power |url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/sudan-bashir-prison-his-officials-sweep-back-power |access-date=2023-11-11 |website=Middle East Eye |language=en}}</ref> òtù ndị ọrụ rụrụ ọrụ nke ọma pụtara ìhè na [[w:2018–19 Sudanese protests|ngagharị iwe nke ndị Sudan 2018–2019]] megide ọchịchị [[w:|Omar al-Bashir]] n'oge 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Abbas |first=Reem |date=2019-01-28 |title=How an illegal Sudanese union became the biggest threat to Omar Al Bashir's 29-year reign |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/world/africa/how-an-illegal-sudanese-union-became-the-biggest-threat-to-omar-al-bashir-s-29-year-reign-1.819159 |access-date=2023-11-11 |website=The National |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sudan revolution, 1 year on: Fragile gains but risks remain – DW – 12/17/2019 |url=https://www.dw.com/en/sudans-revolution-a-year-later-much-achieved-but-risks-remain/a-51700632 |access-date=2023-11-11 |website=dw.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-04-25 |title=Sudan crisis: Three top generals agree to quit as protests continue |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-48049936 |access-date=2023-11-11}}</ref> Mgbe a na-eme ngagharị iwe ahụ, o kwusiri ike nye ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi [[w:Al Jazeera English | Al Jazeera]] na "ndị mmadụ nọ n'okporo ámá na-eme mkpesa nanị n'ihi mmanụ ụgbọala na achịcha. Ha na-eme mkpesa n'ihi na enwere ọdịda zuru oke nke usoro dum,"<ref>{{ Cite webụ |title=Ndị dọkịta Sudan ga-esonye na ngagharị iwe gọọmentị na-agbasawanye |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2018/12/24/anti-government-protests-continue-in-sudan-for-fifth -day | nweta-date = 2023-11-11 | webụsaịtị = Al Jazeera | asụsụ = en}}</ref> Tupu [[w:War In Sudan (2023)| agha Sudan nke afọ 2023]], ọ rụrụ ọrụ n'ịchịkọta nkwado megide [[w:2021 Sudanese coup d'état|ịnapụ oche ọchịchị n'ike nke ndị ọ̀lụ́ agha na 25 Ọktoba 2021]] na ọgbaghara steeti na [[w:2019– 2022 Sudanese protests|ndị ngagharị iwe udo]].<ref>{{Cite news |title='Ọ dị m ka a na-arara m nye': Otu otu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị onye kwuo uche Sudan tụfuru olileanya ya wee nweta ịdị n'otu ọhụrụ |url=https://www.irishtimes.com /world/africa/2023/05/06/obi-m-na-arara m-otú-sudans-pro-democracy-movement-furu-atụ-ya-olileanya-na-hụrụ-ọhụrụ-ịdị n'otu/ | nweta-ụbọchị=2023-11- 11 |akwụkwọ akụkọ=The Irish Times |asụsụ=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | ikpeazụ=Ibrahim |first=Arwa |title=Atụmatụ Afọ Ọhụrụ nke ndị Sudan ga-azọ ọkwa onyeisiala |url=https:// www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/12/29/sudan-professionals-call-for-new-years-eve-march-to-presidency | nweta-date=2023-11-11 | webụsaịtị = Al Jazeera | asụsụ =en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | ikpeazụ=Dahir |first=Abdi Latif |date=2022-01-03 |title=Sudan nkwado maka 'kachasị njọ' mgbe Prime Minister gbahapụrụ |language=en -US | ọrụ = New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/03/world/africa/sudan-prime-minister-resigns.html | nweta-date=2023-11-11 |issn=0362-4331}} </ref> N'oge agha ahụ, Sara kwuru na "Ndị dọkịta agaghị akwunyere n'agha ọ bụla eji ngwá agha alụ; ha na-agbasi mbọ ike iji zọpụta ndụ."<ref>{{Cite web | last=Ndebele |first=Lenin |title= Esemokwu Sudan: Ndị dọkịta, ụmụaka na ụmụ nwanyị dị ime na-enwe oke ime ihe ike n'etiti ndị na-alụ ọgụ | url= -brunt-of-violence-between-warring-factions-20230511 |access-date=2023-11-11 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Kwuo akụkọ |last1= Dahir |first1=Abdi Latif | ikpeazụ2=Engelbrecht |first2=Cora |date=2023-05-10 |title='Anyị achọghị agha a': tọrọ atọ na Khartoum dị ka ọgụ ọgụ | asụsụ = en-US | ọrụ = Akwụkwọ akụkọ New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/05/10/world/africa/khartoum-sudan-fighting.html | nweta-date=2023-11-11 |issn=0362-4331 }}</ref> Ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye ndụmọdụ nye ụlọ ọrụ mmekọrịta mmadụ Shabaka ma amara ya dị ka ọkachamara ntinye aka na ihe na-eme na mba ofesi n'ihe gbasara ịza òkù ndị mmadụ na nkwuchite-ọnụ <ref>{{Cite web |title=Sara Ibrahim Abdelgalil |url=https://shabaka.org/sb_team/ sara-ibrahim-abdelgalil/ |access-date=2023-11-11 |website=Shabaka |language=en-GB}}</ref> ma na-eme ntinye na eserese ndị Sudan bi na mba ndị ọzọ maka enyemaka mmadụ na iguzobe ngalaba nhazi nsogbu.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite journal | ikpeazụ=ijsr |first=Mai Ali, Sara Ibrahim Abdelgalil, International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) |title=Medical Diaspora Engagement during Conflicts, IJSR, Kpọọ maka akwụkwọ, akwụkwọ akụkọ ọnlaịnụ |url=https://www.ijsr.net/ |journal=International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) |language=English}}</ref> Onye so hiwe [[w:|Governance Programming Overseas]], ụlọ ọrụ NGO na Sudan, Sara na-akụziri ndị ntorobịa ụkpụrụ ọchịchị maka ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na ikike mmadụ.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Diaspora Women Leadership for a Sustainable Tomorrow {{!}} IOM United Kingdom |url=https://unitedkingdom. iom.int/diaspora-women-leadership-sustainable-echi |access-date=2023-11-11 |website=unitedkingdom.iom.int |language=en}}</ref> === Nootu === <references group="note" /> === Edensibia === <references /> === Njikọ Mpụga === * {{Cite youtube |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tuOgDOetnCo&ab_channel=ISHRGlobal |title=Joint NGO statement at HRC Special Session on Sudan |date=2023-05-11 |last=ISHRGlobal}} * {{Cite AV media|title=Dr Sara Abdelgalil interview with Radio Dabanga |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nxPispafKFg|date=2019-02-15|last=Sudan Doctors Union UK|language=ar}} * {{Cite web |title=Reflections on Recent Events in the Republic of Sudan |url=https://podcasts.ox.ac.uk/reflections-recent-events-republic-sudan |website=podcasts.ox.ac.uk |language=en}} *{{Cite web |date=2022-01-04 |title=Large-scale protests erupt in Sudan after Prime Minister's resignation |url=https://www.channel4.com/news/large-scale-protests-erupt-in-sudan-after-prime-ministers-resignation |website=Channel 4 News |language=en-GB}} [[Category: Ndị dị ndụ]] [[Category: Ndị ọ̀gwọ́ ọrịa si mba Sudan]] [[Category:Sudanese trade unionists]] [[Category: Ndị gụchara akwụkwọ na Mahadum Khartoum]] [[Category:Sudanese activists]] [[Category: Ndị so na nnwogha Sudan]] 8zsp83vgkywb0emsiwmiz2n858xyfyu 0 36503 736916 451788 2026-10-09T11:52:19Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 736916 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox film | name = Shake Hands with the Devil: The Journey of Roméo Dallaire | image = | alt = | caption = Theatrical release poster | director = [[Peter Raymont]] | producer = '''Executive Producers:'''<br/>[[Tom Neff]]<br/>'''Producers:'''<br/>Peter Raymont<br/>Lindalee Tracey | story = Roméo Dallaire | narrator = | starring = [[Roméo Dallaire]] | music = [[Mark Korven]] | cinematography = John Westheuser | editing = Michèle Hozer | distributor = [[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation]]<br />[[California Newsreel]]<br />(United States) | released = {{film date|2004|09|12|Canada|2005|03|11|United States}} | runtime = 91 minutes <br/>(English) <br/>56 minutes <br/>(French) | country = Canada | language = English | budget = | gross = $68,249 (domestic)<ref name="mojo">{{cite web |title=Shake Hands with the Devil: The Journey of Roméo Dallaire |url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=shakehandswiththedevil.htm |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] }}</ref> }} Shake Hands with the Devil: The Journey of Roméo Dallaire bụ ihe nkiri Canada nke afọ 2004 banyere mgbukpọ agbụrụ nke afọ 1994 na [[Rwanda]]. Ọ bụ Peter Raymont duziri ya ma bụrụ nke akwụkwọ Shake Hands with the Devil: The Failure of Humanity in Rwanda (2003), nke Lieutenant-General Roméo Dallaire nke Canada lara ezumike nká ugbu a. <ref>{{IMDb title|0424435}}.</ref> bụ ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi Canada, Société Radio-Canada, White Pine Pictures, na DOC: The Documentary Channel mepụtara ya. == Nkọwa == N'agbata Eprel na June 1994, e gburu [[Rwanda|Ndị Rwanda]] 800,000 n'ime ụbọchị 100. Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị nwụrụ anwụ bụ Ndị Tutsi site n'aka Ndị Hutu. Mgbukpọ ahụ malitere mgbe a gbagburu ụgbọelu onye isi ala Rwanda bụ Juvénal Habyarimana n'elu ọdụ ụgbọ elu Kigali n'April 6, 1994. E mere General Roméo Dallaire, onye agha Canada, onye na-ahụ maka ndị agha na-eme udo nke United Nations n'oge mgbukpọ agbụrụ a na 1994. Atụmatụ ya kpọrọ ndị agha 5,000 ka ha kwe ka ntuli aka dị n'usoro na nloghachi nke ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ. Enweghị ihe ndị agha na igbu ọchụ malitere. Ihe nkiri ahụ na-akọ akụkọ Dallaire lara ezumike nká ugbu a, ma gosipụta nloghachi ya na Rwanda mgbe afọ iri gasịrị. Ọ na-egosipụta ajụjụ ọnụ na Stephen Lewis na onye nta akụkọ BBC Mark Doyle, n'etiti ndị ọzọ. == Ajụjụ ọnụ == * Ọchịagha Roméo Dallaire * Stephen Lewis * Mark Doyle * Gerald Caplan * Paul Kagame * Onye isi Brent Beardsley * Bonaventure Niyibizi * Rosette Musabe == Nbudata == Na Canada, a na-agbasa ihe nkiri Bekee dị mkpirikpi nke ihe nkiri nkeji 91 na [[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation|CBC]]_Television" id="mwNg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="CBC Television">CBC Television na CBC Newsworld na Jenụwarị 31 na Febụwarị 2, 2005, na, mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, site na CBC On Demand. A tọhapụrụ nsụgharị Bekee nke nkeji iri itoolu na otu na nkeji iri ise na isii; e wepụtara nsụgharị French nke nkeji iri ise da isii na DVD, Region 1 (North America). Ihe nkiri ahụ nwere ihe ngosi telivishọn America na DOC: The Documentary Channel . == Mmeghachi omume == Mgbe ihe nkiri ahụ meghere <ref>{{Cite web|date=18 May 2005|author=Holden|first=Stephen|authorlink=Stephen Holden|title=Ten Years Later, Back at the Killing Fields to Heal the Spirit|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/05/18/movies/ten-years-later-back-at-the-killing-fields-to-heal-the-spirit.html|work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> New York City, onye na-enyocha ihe nkiri Stephen Holden nyere ihe nkiri ahụ nyocha dị mma, wee dee, "Ihe nkiri ahụ ... HBO ihe ngosi nkwanye ùgwù nke General Dallaire, onye lara ezumike nká ugbu a, onye na'ihu dị ka nwoke na-eche echiche, onye nwere mkpebi siri ike karịa onye agha ... Ọ bụrụ na ihe nkiri Terry George na-awụ akpata oyi n'ahụ, Ụlọ ndị ahụ niile, na-atụ ya, na-eme ihe nkiri ndị mmadụ, na-eche ihu ọjọọ, na-aghọgbu ya, Ụlọ ndị a na-eme, Ụlọ ndị mmadụ, <ref>{{Cite news|date=10 June 2005|author=Curiel|first=Jonathan|title=A return to the heart of darkness|url=https://www.sfgate.com/entertainment/article/A-return-to-the-heart-of-darkness-2663465.php|work=San Francisco Chronicle}}</ref> Curiel, onye na-ede akwụkwọ maka San Francisco Chronicle, gbara Dallaire ajụjụ ọnụ mgbe ewepụtara ihe nkiri ahụ, wee dee, "ihe nkiri Raymont, Dallaire na-ekwu, bụ ụzọ ọzọ iji mee ka a mara banyere ihe nketa Rwanda. Mana ma ọ masịrị ya ma ọ bụ na ọ masịghị ya, Shake Hands With the Devil bụkwa ohere iji hụ echiche dị n'ime Dallaire - iji mata nwoke na-ekwu na ọ bụghị dike kama ọ bụ 'onye na-ahụ maka mmadụ'. Ọ bụrụ na-aghọta akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ọma site na ndị ikom na ụmụ nwanyị na-eme ka ndị na-ege ntị ọhụrụ nke Rwanda họpụta" == Onyinye == '''Mmeri''' * Sundance Film Festival: Audience Award, World Cinema - Documentary, Peter Raymont; 2005. * Ndị nduzi Guild of Canada: DGC Team Award, Outstanding Team Achievement in a Documentary, Peter Raymont (onye nduzi); 2005. * Gemini Awards: Gemini, Best Picture Editing in a Documentary Program or Series, Michèle Hozer; 2005. * Banff Television Festival: Banff Rockie Award, Best Feature Length Documentary, Best Canadian Program; 2005. * Philadelphia Film Festival: Jury Award, Best Documentary, Peter Raymont; 2005. * National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences: Emmy Award, Best Documentary, DOC: The Documentary Channel, Tom Neff na Jimmy Holcomb; 2006.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.emmyonline.org/mediacenter/news_28th_winners_data_list.html|title=The Emmy Awards|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130529093042/http://www.emmyonline.org/mediacenter/news_28th_winners_data_list.html|archivedate=2013-05-29|work=27th Annual News and Documentary Awards|date=2006}}</ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist|2}} == Njikọ mpụga == * {{IMDb title|0424435}} * [http://www.dvdbeaver.com/film/DVDReviews9/shake-hands-with-the-devil.htm ''Shake Hands With the Devil: The Journey of Roméo Dallaire''] na DVD Beaver (gụnyere ihe oyiyi) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120222053221/http://www.newsreel.org/nav/title.asp?tc=CN0175&s=Shake%20Hands%20with%20the%20Devil ''Shake Hands With the Devil: The Journey of Roméo Dallaire''] na California Newsreel * [[YouTube]].com/watch?v=sX1CD2nx-a0" id="mwmQ" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">''Shake Hands With the Devil: The Journey of Roméo Dallaire'' film clip na YouTube * ","href":"./Template:YouTube"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"7gzo1L8ESGU"},"2":{"wt":"<nowiki>''</nowiki>Shake Hands With the Devil: The Journey of Roméo Dallaire<nowiki>''</nowiki> "}},"i":0}}]}" data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" href="<nowiki>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7gzo1L8ESGU</nowiki>" id="mwnQ" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span class="plainlinks">''Shake Hands With the Devil: The Journey of Roméo Dallaire''</span> na YouTube mmeghe nke [[Akụkọ ihe mere eme (Ụlọ ọrụ TV)|Ihe nkiri]] site na [[Tom Neff]] (onye guzobere Documentary Channel) dtxitq48khew0wiaxi86ack0ihlfvua 0 37789 736873 735116 2026-10-08T15:02:02Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 736873 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Matt Bishop''' (amụrụ na 25 Disemba 1962) bụ onye nta akụkọ Bekee, onye edemede, onye edemedo na onye isi mmekọrịta ọha na eze. == Ọrụ == Mgbe <ref name="SunTimes"/> hapụsịrị Cardinal Vaughan Memorial School, Holland Park, na 1981, ọ rughị eru dị ka onye ọkwọ ụgbọ ala London wee rụọ ọrụ dị ka onye na-agba chaa chaa, onye njikwa ụlọ ahịa ịkụ nzọ, na onye ọkwọ ụgbọala obere ụgbọ ala ruo n'afọ ndị 1990, mgbe ọ malitere ịrụ ọrụ n'onwe ya dị ka onye edemede maka Sporting Life ma tinye akwụkwọ na mahadum iji mụọ nkà mmụta akparamàgwà mmadụ. <ref name="Velasco">{{Cite web|author=Velasco|first=Paul|title=Matt Bishop, F1 media man extraordinaire|url=https://www.grandprix247.com/2018/12/07/video-matt-bishop-f1-media-man-extraordinaire/|work=GrandPrix247|date=7 December 2018|publisher=PeeVeeMedia}}</ref>'ịhapụ mgbe otu afọ gasịrị, ọ malitere ọrụ edemede ya zuru oke na magazin Car na 1993, na-aghọ onye nchịkọta akụkọ, mgbe ahụ na Septemba 1995 ọ kwagara na magazin Focus dị ka osote onye nchịkọta akụkọ mgbe ahụ onye nchịkọta akụkọ na-anọchite anya, tupu ọ banye na magazin F1 Racing (nke a na-akpọ GP Racing ugbu a) dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ n'ọnwa Disemba 1996, na-anọgide ruo Septemba 2007. <ref>{{Cite web|title=F1 editor: Stability at the top helps titles reach pole position|url=https://www.pressgazette.co.uk/f1-editor-stability-at-the-top-helps-titles-reach-pole-position/|work=Press Gazette|date=23 November 2006}}</ref><ref name="Velasco" /> Racing rere nde 1.25 kwa ọnwa n'ụwa niile n'oge Bishop nọ n'ọkwa. N'ihi esemokwu nledo nke Formula 1 nke afọ 2007, nke mere ka a kwụọ ndị otu McLaren Formula 1 ụgwọ $ 100 nde, <ref>{{Cite news|author=Spurgeon|first=Brad|title=McLaren fined $100 million in Formula One spying scandal|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/13/sports/13iht-prix.5.7500107.html|work=New York Times|date=13 September 2007}}</ref> Onye isi oche McLaren bụ Ron Dennis kpọrọ Bishop ka ọ bụrụ onye nduzi nkwukọrịta ụlọ ọrụ ahụ. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Goren|first=Biranit|title=McLaren appoint Bishop as head of PR|url=https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/62731/mclaren-appoint-bishop-as-head-of-pr|work=Autosport.com|publisher=Motorsport Network}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Matt Bishop announces decision to leave McLaren Technology Group|url=https://www.mclaren.com/group/news/articles/matt-bishop-announces-decision-leave-mclaren-technology-group/|work=McLaren.com|date=31 July 2017}}</ref> hapụrụ McLaren na Julaị 2017. <ref name="BoyReview"/> dere akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya, The Boy Made the Difference (nke e bipụtara na 2020), [1] tupu ọ laghachi n'ọrụ mmekọrịta ọha na eze na 2018 dị ka onye otu ndị isi nke W Series, asọmpi ịgba ọsọ ụgbọ ala mbụ n'ụwa maka ụmụ nwanyị naanị.   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2023)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Velasco|first=Paul|title=Szafnauer: Matt Bishop will add enormous value to Aston Martin F1 team|url=http://www.grandprix247.com/2020/12/10/szafnauer-matt-bishop-will-add-enormous-value-to-aston-martin-f1-team/|work=GrandPrix247|date=10 December 2020|publisher=PeeVee Media}}</ref> 10 Disemba 2020 a mara ọkwa na ndị otu Aston Martin Formula 1 akpọbatala Bishop ka ọ bụrụ onye isi nkwukọrịta ya, malite na 2021.   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (February 2023)">better<span typeof="mw:Entity">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>source<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>needed<nowiki></span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> == Mmalite na ọrụ edemede ==   A mụrụ Bishop na London na Bernardine Bishop (1939-2013), onye Bekee na-ede akwụkwọ akụkọ, onye nkuzi na onye na-agwọ ọrịa uche, na onye America na-eme ihe nkiri piano Stephen Kovacevich . <ref name="SunTimes">{{Cite journal|author=Fox|first=Sue|title=Relative Values: Stephen Kovacevich and his son, Matt Bishop|journal=Sunday Times Magazine|date=January 7, 2001}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFFox2001">Fox, Sue (7 January 2001). "Relative Values: Stephen Kovacevich and his son, Matt Bishop". ''Sunday Times Magazine'': 7.</cite></ref> Onye edemede <ref>{{Cite web|author=Tumulty|first=Desmond|title=Bernardine Bishop obituary|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2013/jul/05/bernardine-bishop|work=Guardian.com|date=5 July 2013|publisher=Guardian News & Media}}</ref> ma ama nke akwụkwọ akụkọ ise, otu n'ime ha, Unexpected Lessons in Love, nke edepụtara maka 2013 Costa Novel Award, Bernardine Bishop nwụrụ na ọrịa kansa eriri afọ na July 2013. [1] Nne nne Matt Bishop bụ Barbara Lucas (née Wall, 1911-2009), onye nta akụkọ Bekee, onye edemede, onye edemedi na onye na-eme mkpọsa udo. Nwanne nne <ref name="BoyReview">{{Cite web|author=Moore|first=Matt|title=The Boy Made the Difference is harrowing yet realistic tale of the effects of HIV/AIDS|url=https://gaytimes.co.uk/culture/the-boy-made-the-difference-is-harrowing-yet-realistic-tale-of-the-effects-of-hiv-aids/|work=Gaytimes.co.uk|date=August 2020|publisher=Gay Times Group|accessdate=11 November 2020|archivedate=19 November 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201119144840/https://www.gaytimes.co.uk/culture/the-boy-made-the-difference-is-harrowing-yet-realistic-tale-of-the-effects-of-hiv-aids/|url-status=dead}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFMoore2020">Moore, Matt (August 2020). . ''Gaytimes.co.uk''. Gay Times Group. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20201119144840/https://www.gaytimes.co.uk/culture/the-boy-made-the-difference-is-harrowing-yet-realistic-tale-of-the-effects-of-hiv-aids/ the original] on 19 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> bụ Viola Meynell (1885-1956), onye edemede Bekee, onye edemede na onye na-ede uri, nne nne ya bụ Alice Meynell (afọ 1847-1922), onye edemedi Bekee, na-ede abụ na onye na'ahụ maka ụmụ nwanyị, onye di ya bụ Wilfrid Meynell (1852-1948), onye edemedo Bekee na onye nchịkọta akụkọ. Matt Bishop arụwo ọrụ dị ka onye na-anakọta ego n'afọ ofufo maka ọrụ ebere ụmụaka na-ahụ maka ọrịa kansa CLIC Sargent ruo ọtụtụ afọ, ebe onye bụbu onye isi otu Formula 1 bụ Eddie Jordan webatara ya na ọrụ ebere na 2007. <ref name="BoyReview"/> niile sitere <ref name="SunTimes"/> ahịa nke The Boy Made the Difference, akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ nke Bishop, ga-aga CLIC Sargent. Na mbido oge Bishop dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke F1 Racing, magazin ahụ nwetara ihe dị ịrịba ama site n'ikpughe usoro 'brake-steer' na McLaren MP4/12, ihe ọhụrụ nke ndị ọkwọ ụgbọala nwere ike iji brekọ ụkwụ azụ n'onwe ha n'ihu, na-agbanwe njikwa ụgbọ ala iji melite oge. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Collantine|first=Keith|title=Banned: McLaren's rear brake pedal|url=https://www.racefans.net/2007/05/24/banned-mclarens-rear-brake-pedal/|work=RaceFans.net|date=24 May 2007}}</ref> machibidoro ya iwu mgbe Ferrari mere ngagharị iwe. Bishop <ref>{{Cite web|title=The search for the extra pedal|url=https://www.mclaren.com/racing/inside-the-mtc/mclaren-extra-pedal-3153421/|work=McLaren.com}}</ref> onye na-ese foto Darren Heath hụrụ na foto na diski brek azụ McLarens na-enwu n'etiti nkuku, ma hazie iji foto n'ime ụlọ ndị ọkwọ ụgbọelu site na atụmatụ nke Bishop gwara Heath site na ekwentị ma ọ bụrụ na nke ọ bụla n'ime ụgbọala ahụ mebiri n'etiti ọsọ. Mgbe <ref>{{Cite web|author=Bishop|first=Matt|title='From The Pulpit'|url=https://www.autosport.com/all/feature/18/matt-bishop-from-the-pulpit|work=Autosport.com|publisher=Motorsport Network}}</ref> bụ onye isi nchịkọta akụkọ nke F1 Racing, Bishop dekwara kọlụm maka Autosport na Autosport.com, nke akpọrọ 'Praise Be!" na 'From the Pulpit". The Boy Made the Difference, akwụkwọ akụkọ izizi nke Bishop, na-ewere nsogbu HIV / AIDS nke ngwụcha afọ 1980 na mmalite afọ 1990. Akụkọ ifo banyere ezinụlọ <ref name="BoyReview"/> n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ London, ọ na-adabere na ahụmịhe Bishop nke ịrụ ọrụ dị ka onye ọrụ afọ ofufo na-akwado ụlọ, ma ọ bụ 'enyi', maka London Lighthouse, n'oge ahụ bụ ebe kachasị ukwuu n'ụwa. == Ndụ onwe onye == Bishop <ref>{{Cite web|title=Ambassadors|url=http://racingpride.com/ambassadors/|work=Racingpride.com}}</ref> nwoke na-edina nwoke ibe ya n'ihu ọha, ọ bụ onye na-ekwu okwu n'ezoghị ọnụ na LGBTQ+ ruo ọtụtụ afọ, ọ bụkwa onye nnọchi anya Racing Pride, otu e mepụtara na Stonewall ma malite na June 2019, ebumnuche ya ịkwalite LGBTQ+ na ụlọ ọrụ motorsport. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Page|first=Ian|title=In 1996, I Was Absolutely The Only Gay In The F1 Village|url=http://overtakemotorsport.com/2020/09/28/in-1996-i-was-absolutely-the-only-gay-in-the-formula-one-village/|work=OvertakeMotorsport.com|date=28 September 2020|publisher=Crowther Media}}</ref> bi na London na di ya Angel Bautista, onye isi nri na onye na-eme ihe ntecha. == Ọrụ == === Akụkọ na-abụghị akụkọ ifo === * Emmo: a Racer's Soul (nke ya na Emerson Fittipaldi dere, 2014) === Akwụkwọ akụkọ === * ''Nwa okorobịa ahụ mere ihe dị iche'' (2020) == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bishop, Matt}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] ao0cmby9agj72ymwrwfsi4qu682rw8c 0 39071 736880 156853 2026-10-08T18:13:03Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 736880 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}  '''Monica Reinach''' (amuru 29 Septemba 1966) bu onye okacha amara n'egwuregwu tennis si South Africa. == Akụkọ ndụ == Ọkachamara nke abụọ si Pretoria, Reinach gbara aka na njem ndị na-akpali na 1980s. Ọ bụ nwanne nke okenye Elna Reinach, onye ya na ya mere agba nke iri na isii nke ụmụ nwoke na-ama Wimbledon 1986 . N'afọ 1987, ọ ruru ogo 75 kacha mma n'ụwa. Ọ bụ onye otu egwuregwu atɔ World TeamTennis meri, ya na Charlotte Heat na 1987 na 1988, wee na San Antonio Racquets na 1989. ihe ahụ ihe esere nke ọrụ tenis adị. ya. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.greensboro.com/tennis-coach-plays-pretty-well-too-old-form-returns-in/article_acc49d28-3ec7-51b1-be7c-faa7a5d5ef05.html|title=Tennis Coach Plays Pretty Well, Too|author=Mickey|first=Lisa D.|date=26 June 1991|work=[[News & Record]]|accessdate=20 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240315023627/https://greensboro.com/tennis-coach-plays-pretty-well-too-old-form-returns-in/article_acc49d28-3ec7-51b1-be7c-faa7a5d5ef05.html|archive-date=15 March 2024|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ọ lụrụ South Africa onye bụbu onye egwuregwu tenis 20 Christo van Rensburg . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.f-ace.net/about-us|title=Christo Van Rensburg for F-ACE - About Us|publisher=f-ace.net|accessdate=20 May 2018|archivedate=28 June 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170628134959/http://f-ace.net/about-us}}</ref> Di na nwunye a bi na Austin, Texas . <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/boeremeisie-in-the-heart-of-texas-389577|title=Boeremeisie in the heart of Texas|author=Gilliam|first=Eva|date=16 February 2008|work=[[Independent Online (South Africa)|Independent Online]]|accessdate=20 May 2018}}</ref> == Agba ikpeazụ ITF == {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; width:11%;" !Akụkọ mgbe ochie |- style="background:lightblue;" | Asọmpi $25,000 |- style="background:#f0f8ff;" | Asọmpi $10,000 |} === Ugboro abụọ (10–3) === {| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size:97%;" !'''Result''' !'''No''' !'''Date''' !'''Tournament''' !'''Surface''' !'''Partner''' !'''Opponents''' !'''Score''' |- style="background:#f0f8ff;" | style="background:#98fb98;" |Win |1. |9 December 1984 |Hull, United Kingdom |Hard |{{flagicon|RSA|1928}} [[Elna Reinach]] |{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Cathy Drury]] <br /><br /> {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Ellinore Lightbody]] |6-3, 6-3 |- style="background:#f0f8ff;" | style="background:#98fb98;" |Win |2. |15 April 1985 |Cumberland, United Kingdom |Hard |{{flagicon|RSA|1928}} [[Elna Reinach]] |{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Lorrayne Gracie]] <br /><br /> {{flagicon|FRG}} [[Martina Reinhardt]] |6-2, 6-4 |- style="background:#f0f8ff;" | style="background:#98fb98;" |Win |3. |28 April 1985 |Hatfield, United Kingdom |Hard |{{flagicon|RSA|1928}} [[Elna Reinach]] |{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Li Xinyi (tennis)|Li Xinyi]] <br /><br /> {{flagicon|CHN}} [[Zhong Ni]] |2-6, 6-2, 9-7 |- style="background:#f0f8ff;" | style="background:#ffa07a;" |Loss |4. |6 May 1985 |Bournemouth, United Kingdom |Hard |{{flagicon|RSA|1928}} [[Elna Reinach]] |{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Li Xinyi (tennis)|Li Xinyi]] <br /><br /> {{flagicon|CHN}} [[Zhong Ni]] |7–5, 5–7, 4–6 |- style="background:#f0f8ff;" | style="background:#98fb98;" |Win |5. |20 May 1985 |Bath, United Kingdom |Clay |{{flagicon|RSA|1928}} [[Elna Reinach]] |{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Belinda Borneo]] <br /><br /> {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Joy Tacon]] |6–3, 6–3 |- style="background:lightblue;" | style="background:#98fb98;" |Win |6. |14 July 1985 |Miramar, United States |Hard |{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Luciana Corsato-Owsianka]] |{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Jackie Masters]] <br /><br /> {{flagicon|NZL}} [[Michelle Parun]] |6-3, 4-6, 6-3 |- style="background:lightblue;" | style="background:#98fb98;" |Win |7. |29 September 1985 |Baltimore, United States |Hard |{{flagicon|USA}} [[Mary Dailey (tennis)|Mary Dailey]] |{{flagicon|USA}} [[Deeann Hansel]] <br /><br /> {{flagicon|USA}} [[Carol Watson]] |7-5, 6-4 |- style="background:#f0f8ff;" | style="background:#ffa07a;" |Loss |8. |10 January 1986 |Miami, United States |Hard |{{flagicon|RSA|1928}} [[Elna Reinach]] |{{flagicon|TCH}} [[Jana Novotná]] <br /><br /> {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Fukiko Osawa]] |7-6, 2-6, 2-6 |- style="background:#f0f8ff;" | style="background:#ffa07a;" |Loss |9. |19 April 1986 |Cumberland, United Kingdom |Hard |{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Joy Tacon]] |{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Jane Wood]] <br /><br /> {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Belinda Borneo]] |4–6, 3–6 |- style="background:#f0f8ff;" | style="background:#98fb98;" |Win |10. |27 April 1986 |Hatfield, United Kingdom |Hard |{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Joy Tacon]] |{{flagicon|SWE}} [[Catrin Jexell]]<br /><br /> {{flagicon|SWE}} [[Helena Olsson]] |6–1, 5–7, 6–3 |- style="background:lightblue;" | style="background:#98fb98;" |Win |11. |17 November 1986 |Johannesburg, South Africa |Hard |{{flagicon|RSA|1928}} [[Elna Reinach]] |{{flagicon|USA}} [[Mary Dailey (tennis)|Mary Dailey]] <br /><br /> {{flagicon|RSA|1928}} [[Dianne Van Rensburg]] |1–6, 6–1, 6–3 |- style="background:lightblue;" | style="background:#98fb98;" |Win |12. |{{dts|1986|12|15|format=dmy}} |Johannesburg, South Africa |Hard |{{flagicon|RSA|1928}} [[Elna Reinach]] |{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Katie Rickett]] <br /><br /> {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Ọdọ mmiri Valda|Valda Lake]] |6–4, 6–2 |- style="background:#f0f8ff;" | style="background:#98fb98;" |Win |13. |5 March 1989 |Pretoria, South Africa |Hard |{{flagicon|RSA|1928}} [[Rene Mentz]] |{{flagicon|RSA|1928}} [[Michelle Anderson (tennis)|Michelle Anderson]] <br /><br /> {{flagicon|RSA|1928}} [[Linda Barnard]] |6–1, 2–6, 6–4 |} == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Monica Reinach at the Women's Tennis Association * Monica Reinach at the International Tennis Federation [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] dp6ivuwelgr1dsk3i6mp3lm9jvxbe4g 0 41069 736886 638359 2026-10-08T23:20:20Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 736886 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Singing Rooster Inc.''' bụ ụlọ ọrụ 501 (c) 3 na-anaghị akwụ ụgwọ <ref>{{Cite web|title=Gold-level GuideStar Exchange participant|url=http://www.guidestar.org/organizations/27-1184568/singing-rooster.aspx|publisher=Guide Star USA Inc.|accessdate=7 July 2013}}</ref> nke na-arụ ọrụ iji belata ịda ogbenye ime obodo na Haiti site na mmepe akụ na ụba site na ọrụ ugbo kọfị. == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == E hiwere Singing Rooster na 2009 na Madison, Wisconsin . N'August 2012, Ajọ Ifufe Isaac mebiri elu ụlọ ọrụ nhazi na Thiotte ; Ọkụkọ na-abụ abụ nyere aka n'ịrụgharị n'oge maka owuwe ihe ubi 2012-13. <ref>[http://www.clickorlando.com/making-a-difference-fair-trade-cafe/-/1637238/20915834/-/wdprld/-/index.html "Making a Difference: Fair Trade Cafe"]. ''ClickOrlando'', 10 July 2013.</ref> Na 2016, Sing Rooster malitere ibubata chocolate si Haiti. <ref>[http://host.madison.com/ct/entertainment/dining/nonprofit-coffee-importer-singing-rooster-adds-chocolates-from-haiti/article_0a16cd12-1f78-56e3-85de-36072572e8af.html "Nonprofit coffee importer Singing Rooster adds chocolates from Haiti"]. ''The Capital Times'', Lindasy Christians Mar 1, 2016</ref> <ref>[http://atlantablackstar.com/2016/03/02/coffee-company-supports-haiti-farmers-by-importing-their-cacao-selling-islands-coffee-and-artwork/ "Coffee Company Supports Haiti Farmers By Importing Their Cacao, Selling Island’s Coffee and Artwork"]. ''Atlanta Black Star'', March 2, 2016 | Jasmine Nelson</ref> == Ihe omume == Ndị na-abụ oke ọkụkọ nwere obere ọnụ ọgụgụ, ndị ọrụ na-arụkọ ọrụ kọfị nke ndị ọrụ ugbo nwere iji nye ndị ọrụ ugbo ohere ịnweta ahịa ozugbo n'ụdị onye ọrụ ugbo na tebụl. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20240407220608/https://www.nwitimes.com/news/local/porter/valparaiso/valpo-s-fair-trade-sale-offers-gift-ideas-for-person/article_92e65dbf-b9b9-5d68-9ec9-5e68d07d5b48.html "Valpo's Fair Trade sale offers gift ideas for person who has everything"]. ''NWI Times''. November 29, 2014 Susan O’Leary, Times Correspondent</ref> Ọkụkọ abụ abụ na-enye ndị ọrụ ugbo ego ego tupu owuwe ihe ubi ọmụrụ nwa dị ala site na mmekorita ha na Root Capital na enyemaka maka imezi ihe ọkụkụ, a na-akwụkwa ndị ọrụ ugbo elu karịa nkezi ọnụahịa maka owuwe ihe ubi ha. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20240407220606/http://www.borgenmagazine.com/revitalizing-haitis-coffee-trade-2/ "Revitalizing Haiti’s Coffee Trade"]. ''Borgen Magazine'', By Lillian Sickler on July 1, 2015</ref> Ọkụkọ na-abụ abụ wee na-ere ngwa ahịa ozugbo nye ndị na-azụ ahịa na ndị na-ere ahịa, <ref>[http://www.centralctcommunications.com/newbritainherald/article_a3b2e80a-faca-11e5-be62-23dbc10aeb1a.html "Fair Trade sale does a world of good for global artisans"]. ''New Britain Herald'', Apr 4, 2016 by Erica Schmitt</ref> n'ihi na ndị ọrụ ugbo na-enweta ụgwọ ọrụ ndụ ma tinye aka na akụ na ụba obodo ha. Ọkụkọ abụ abụ na-enye ọzụzụ maka ndị na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ na njikwa obere azụmaahịa yana ngbanwe ego. A na-enye mkpụrụ osisi kọfị maka iweghachi ihe ọkụkụ na ịkụgharị ọhịa. <ref>[http://dailycoffeenews.com/2015/12/10/in-haitis-poorest-region-a-pioneering-coffee-partnership-spreads-seeds-of-growth/ "In Haiti’s Poorest Region, a Pioneering Coffee Partnership Spreads Seeds of Growth"]. ''Daily Coffee News'', Nick Brown | December 10, 2015</ref> Ebe a na-elekọta mkpụrụ osisi kọfị dị n'elu Marigot bụ ọrụ nkwonkwo nke Singing Rooster, Solidarité-Haïti, na ndị ọrụ ugbo atọ na-arụkọ ọrụ na mpaghara (na-eji ego si ahịa kọfị). <ref>{{Cite web|title=Rapport d’activités pour l’année 2011|url=http://solidaritehaiti.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/Rapport-dactivit%C3%A9s-pour-2011.pdf|publisher=Solidarite-Haiti|accessdate=7 July 2013|archivedate=3 March 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303224946/http://solidaritehaiti.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/Rapport-dactivit%C3%A9s-pour-2011.pdf}}</ref> Ndị na-abụ abụ Rooster na Bank Inter-American of Development na Haitian Ministry of Agriculture's DEFI's program iji rụkwaa akụrụngwa, kwalite àgwà kọfị na inye ọzụzụ azụmaahịa na Dondon, Haiti. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Grant Contract|url=http://www.singingrooster.org/transparency/SR-IADB-Grant-Nov2011.pdf|publisher=International Bank of Development|accessdate=2024-04-07|archivedate=2024-04-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240407220607/http://www.singingrooster.org/transparency/SR-IADB-Grant-Nov2011.pdf}}</ref> Nzukọ a na-arụkọ ọrụ na ndị ọrụ enyemaka Katọlik na Beaumont commune, òtù French, InterAide, na Artibonite, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Réintroduction de la culture caféière dans les Cahos|url=http://interaide.org/pratiques/node/67%20InterAide|publisher=InterAide|accessdate=7 July 2013|archivedate=5 September 2014|archiveurl=https://archive.is/20140905045516/http://interaide.org/pratiques/node/67%20InterAide}}</ref> na Oxfam na Les Cayes iji kwado mmepụta kọfị na ịzụlite ohere mbupụ. Ọkụkọ na-abụ abụ na-ebupụ, na-ebubata, na-ebuga na ụlọ nkwakọba ihe, <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140707155028/http://common-breath.com/?p=648 "A Fair Trade for Haitian Coffee".] ''Common Breath Media''</ref> ma na-eme ka mgbanwe ya bụrụ kọfị a ṅara n'ọkụ na ngwaahịa ndị ọzọ bara uru. <ref>Murphy, Julie. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160303223758/http://www.news-journalonline.com/article/20130608/NEWS0402/306079976 "Effort offers chance to help out Haitian coffee growers".] ''Daytona Beach News-Journal'', 8 June 2013</ref> A na-eweghachite ego ahịa kọfị na Haiti iji kwado ọrụ n'ime ime obodo maka ọganihu azụmahịa na mmepe. <ref>[http://www.thedailypage.com/isthmus/article.php?article=41568 "Singing Rooster Coffee brings a truly good cup of joe"] ''Isthmus'', Julia Burke</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Charles|first=Jean H.|title=Commentary: The ultimate Haitian coffee experience|url=http://www.caribbeannewsnow.com/headline-Commentary%3A-The-ultimate-Haitian-coffee-experience-18983.html|work=Caribbean News Now|accessdate=2020-01-26|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20140905045516/http://www.caribbeannewsnow.com/headline-Commentary:-The-ultimate-Haitian-coffee-experience-18983.html|archivedate=2014-09-05|date=7 December 2013}}</ref> == Edensibia == maka imezi ihe ọkụkụ, a na-akwụkwa ndị ọrụ ugbo elu karịa nkezi ọnụahịa maka owuwe ihe ubi ha. Ọkụkọ na-abụ abụ wee na-ere ngwa ahịa ozugbo nye ndị na-azụ ahịa na ndị na-{{Reflist}} 8lmo3gzle9f1mjfh4qwqltl3svwknte 0 47144 736887 728198 2026-10-09T00:55:15Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 736887 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}  '''DeAndre Cortez Way''' (amuru July 28, 1990), onye amara dika '''Soulja Boy''' (nke bu '''Soulja Boy Tell 'Em''' n'oge gara aga), bu onye egwu America na onye na-edekọ ihe si Atlanta, Georgia. Ọ bịara bụrụ onye a ma ama mgbe ọ tọhapụrụ onwe ya na 2007 mpụta mbụ, " Crank That (Soulja Boy) " gbagoro na <nowiki><i id="mwHg">Billboard</i></nowiki> Hot 100 maka izu asaa na-abụghị usoro. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hiphopdx.com/index/news/id.8073/title.soulja-boy-will-i-am-akon-take-youtube-live|title=Soulja Boy, Will.i.am, Akon Take YouTube Live|author=HipHopDX|date=November 12, 2008|work=HipHopDX|accessdate=December 17, 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130818033707/http://www.hiphopdx.com/index/news/id.8073/title.soulja-boy-will-i-am-akon-take-youtube-live|archivedate=August 18, 2013}}</ref> Mgbe emezigharị azụmahịa ya site na Collipark Music, akara nke Interscope Records, egwu na ntinye ya, " Soulja Girl " dugara ntọhapụ nke album studio mbụ ya, ''Souljaboytellem.com'' (2007). N'agbanyeghị nnabata dị oke egwu na-adịghị mma, ọ ruru ọnụ ọgụgụ anọ na <nowiki><i id="mwJw">Billboard</i></nowiki> 200 wee mepụta otu " Yahhh!. " Ndekọ ya nke abụọ, ''iSouljaBoyTellem'' (2008) - nke ''Billboard'' Hot 100-top 20 na-akwado " Tụgharịa My Swag On " na " Kiss Me Thru the Phone " (na-egosi Sammie ) - nwetara nnabata azụmahịa na-agafeghị oke na mbelata ọzọ dị oke egwu. nnabata. Edepụtara Way na nọmba 18 na ndepụta ''Forbes'' nke Hip-Hop Cash Kings nke 2010, ebe ọ nwetara US $ 7 nde n'afọ ahụ. <ref>{{Cite web|author=RealTalkNY|url=http://realtalkny.uproxx.com/2010/08/topic/topic/featured/forbes-list-the-2010-hip-hop-cash-kings-jay-z-remains-king-of-kings/|title=Forbes List The 2010 Hip-Hop Cash Kings (Jay-Z Remains King Of Kings) &#124; RealTalkNY|publisher=Realtalkny.uproxx.com|date=August 17, 2010|accessdate=May 7, 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110521095001/http://realtalkny.uproxx.com/2010/08/topic/topic/featured/forbes-list-the-2010-hip-hop-cash-kings-jay-z-remains-king-of-kings/|archivedate=May 21, 2011}}</ref> Ndekọ ya nke atọ, ''The DeAndre Way'' (2010) - nke ndị otu 40 kachasị na-akwado " Pretty Boy Swag " - hụrụ mbelata nke ukwuu na nnabata azụmahịa tupu ya kewaa ụzọ na Interscope maka ọrụ nweere onwe ya . Way abụrụla ihe ama ama maka ojiji ọsụ ụzọ ya nke mgbasa ozi ọha na eze na usoro ịre ahịa dijitalụ n'oge ewu ewu ya. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.entrepreneur.com/growing-a-business/soulja-boy-is-the-og-growth-hacker/286605|title=Soulja Boy is the OG Growth Hacker|date=December 16, 2016}}</ref> N'èzí ndekọ, ọ gbasoro ọrụ n'akụkụ gụnyere mmepe egwuregwu vidiyo, mmepụta ihe ndekọ maka ndị ọzọ na-ese ihe, na akara ndekọ ya Stacks on Deck Entertainment, site na nke o debanyere ndị rappers gụnyere [[Lil B]] na Riff Raff . Ọ natala onyinye nhọpụta Grammy Award, yana onyinye BET atọ na ntinye aha Teen Choice Award anọ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gosocial.co/albums-that-killed-the-artists-career/|title=Albums That Killed the Artist's Career}}</ref> == Ndụ mbido == A mụrụ Way na [[Chicago]] na mgbe ọ dị afọ isii kwagara Atlanta, <ref name="allmusic">{{Cite web|author=Cordor|first=Cyril|title=Soulja Boy Tell Em - Biography|url={{AllMusic|class=artist|id=p984247|pure_url=yes}}|work=Allmusic|year=2007}}</ref> ebe ọ nwere mmasị na [[Hip hop music|egwu rap]] . <ref name="soundclick">{{Cite web|url=http://www.soundclick.com/members/default.cfm?member=Soulja-Boy|title=Soulja-Boy's SoundClick page|work=soundclick.com|accessdate=October 18, 2007|archivedate=August 17, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130817234945/http://www.soundclick.com/members/default.cfm?member=Soulja-Boy}}</ref> Mgbe ọ dị afọ 14, ọ kwagara Batesville, [[Mississippi]], ya na nna ya. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Soulja Boy|url=https://www.bet.com/topics/s/soulja-boy.html?cid=facebook|accessdate=August 22, 2021|work=BET.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210822141212/https://www.bet.com/topics/s/soulja-boy.html?cid=facebook|archive-date=August 22, 2021|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ọrụ egwu == === 2004–2007: Ndekọ mbụ na iwulite ịntanetị na-eso === Nna Way nyere ụlọ ihe ndekọ maka Way iji nyochaa ebumnuche egwu ya. <ref name="allmusic"/> Ná mmalite 2005, ọ bụ onye na-ede akwụkwọ ozi ugboro ugboro na weebụsaịtị Newgrounds, <ref>{{Cite web|title=SouljaBoy|url=https://souljaboy.newgrounds.com/|accessdate=2024-05-04|work=Newgrounds.com|language=en|archivedate=2024-06-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240606070252/https://souljaboy.newgrounds.com/}}</ref> <ref>https://twitter.com/souljaboy/status/204956603710050304?lang=en</ref> na na Nọvemba n'otu afọ ahụ, Way biputere na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ egwu SoundClick . N'ịgbaso nyocha dị mma na saịtị ahụ, o guzobere akaụntụ na [[YouTube]] na Myspace . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/SouljaBoy|title=Soulja Boy|work=YouTube}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.myspace.com/souljaboytellem|title=Featured Content on Myspace|work=Myspace|accessdate=July 20, 2015}}</ref> Na Maachị 2007, o wepụtara album mbụ ya nọọrọ onwe ya, ''Unsigned &amp;amp; Still Major: Da Album Tupu da Album'' . === 2007–2011: ''Souljaboytellem.com'', ''iSouljaBoyTellem'', na ''Ụzọ DeAndre'' === [[Usòrò:Soulja_Boy.jpg|alt=|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|220x220px| Soulja Boy na-eme " Crank That (Soulja Boy) " na February 2008.]] Nakwa na Machị 2007, Way dekọrọ " Crank That (Soulja Boy) ", sochiri vidiyo na-emefu ego dị ala nke na-egosi ịgba egwu "Crank That". Na Mee 2, a tọhapụrụ "Crank That" dị ka otu; N'ọgwụgwụ ọnwa, ọ natara egwuregwu ikuku mbụ ya, Way zutere Mr. Collipark ka ha bịanye aka n'akwụkwọ nkwekọrịta ndekọ na aha ndekọ ya Collipark Music, bụ nke mechara banye n'ịgbakọ ọnụ na Interscope Records n'oge na-adịghị anya. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://parlemag.com/interviews/artists-interviews/soulja-boy-turns-his-swag-on/|title=Soulja Boy Turns His Swag On – Our Soulja Boy Interview|date=December 1, 2009|work=Parlemag.com}}</ref> N'August 12, a na-eji "Crank That" mee ihe na usoro telivishọn ''Entourage'', na na September 1 ọ tolitere na chaatị US <nowiki><i id="mweg">Billboard</i></nowiki> Hot 100 na Hot RingMasters . <ref>Vibe Magazine. </ref> N'oge 50th Annual Grammy Awards, "Crank That (Soulja Boy)" bụ onye a họpụtara maka Best Rap Song, na-efunahụ [[Kanyé West|Kanye West]] 's na T-Pain 's " Ezi Ndụ ". Way's isi label mpụta mbụ album, ''Souljaboytellem.com'', wepụtara na United States na October 2, <ref name="amg tell em">Jeffries, David. </ref> peaking na ọnụ ọgụgụ anọ na ma <nowiki><i id="mwiQ">Billboard 200 na Top R</nowiki><nowiki>&</nowiki>amp;B/Hip-Hop Albums chaatị. <ref>[{{AllMusic|class=album|id=r1209589|pure_url=yes}} All Music Chart - Souljaboytellem.com]</ref> A kọrọ na e dekọrọ ọba ahụ site na iji naanị ụdị ngosi FL Studio . <ref name="autogenerated1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.soundclick.com/bands/default.cfm?bandID=372975|title=SoundClick artist: Soulja Boy - Soulja Boy Tell 'Em - Interscope Records in Stores now!|work=SoundClick}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dailymotion.com/teamonsmash/video/x2ysmb_50-cent-soulja-boy_fun|title=50 Cent & Soulja Boy|author=Team OnSMASH|work=Dailymotion|date=September 13, 2007}}</ref> ''Souljaboytellem.com'' nwetara nlebanya dị mma site na Allmusic <ref name="amg tell em" /> mana ọ bụ nyocha na-adịghị mma sitere na isi mmalite ndị ọzọ, dịka ''Entertainment Weekly'' . Ọtụtụ ndị nyocha kwuru na Soulja Boy na-ebute ụzọ ọhụrụ na hip-hop, ebe ha na-ekwu na ọ ga-abụ ihe ịtụnanya otu . <ref name="mania">{{Cite web|url=http://www.411mania.com/music/album_reviews/60943|title=Soulja Boy - Souljaboytellem.com Review|accessdate=December 27, 2007|author=Robinson|first=Patrick|publisher=411mania.com, LLC|quote=...{{nbsp}}not a chore to listen to in that sense and Soulja Boy does show some signs of youthful enthusiasm.}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://media.www.udreview.com/media/storage/paper781/news/2007/10/02/Mosaic/Soulja.Boy.Tell.em.souljaboytellem.com.Reviewed-3004601.shtml|title=''The Review'' - Review of ''Souljaboytellem.com''|accessdate=June 11, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090715040359/http://media.www.udreview.com/media/storage/paper781/news/2007/10/02/Mosaic/Soulja.Boy.Tell.em.souljaboytellem.com.Reviewed-3004601.shtml|archivedate=July 15, 2009}}</ref> Ihe nleba anya na ''Souljaboytellem.com'', ''iSouljaBoyTellem'', ka ewepụtara na December 16, 2008, na nnabata na-adịghị mma. <ref>{{Cite news|publisher=Winnipeg Sun (Manitoba)|date=December 15, 2008|title=Reviewing the final new CDs of 2008; Soulja Boy Tell Em|quote=It isn't easy being Soulja. Everybody from Ice-T to LeBron James has been hating on the 18-year-old rapper and his hit Crank That. But before you feel sorry for him, crank his second CD. Then again, don't. Between the tossed-off shallowness of his tracks and the monotony of his repetitive vocals, you might decide the only thing worse than being Soulja Boy is listening to him|author=Darryl Sterdan}}</ref> Nke mbụ sitere na album ahụ, " Nnụnụ Walk ", gbagoro na nọmba 40 na chaatị ''Billboard'' Hot R&amp;amp;B/Hip-Hop na 20 kachasị na eserese Hot Rap Tracks . Emere ya na YouTube Live na Nọvemba 22, 2008, yana mmeghe sitere na MC Hammer . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0puX3pHhGMc|title=Soulja Boy Tell 'Em - YouTube Live Performance|publisher=YouTube|date=November 22, 2008|accessdate=May 7, 2011}}</ref> " Kiss Me Thru the Phone " (featuring Sammie ) sochiri, na-arị elu na nọmba atọ na Hot 100 na nọmba nke mbụ na chaatị Hot Rap Tracks. <ref>{{Cite web|url={{AllMusic|class=artist|id=p984247|pure_url=yes}}|title=Soulja Boy Tell Em - Charts and Awards - Billboard Singles|publisher=allmusic|accessdate=February 18, 2009}}</ref> Chris Brown bụ nhọrọ mbụ Way mere ịgụ nko ahụ, mana nkwanye ùgwù jụrụ onyinye ahụ. Way wee nwaa ime ya n'onwe ya site na iji Auto-Tune mana ọ bụ ihe a na-anabataghị. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dallasobserver.com/2009-08-20/music/the-five-most-interesting-things-you-didn-t-know-about-soulja-boy/|title=Dallas Music - The Five Most Interesting Things You Didn't Know About Soulja Boy - page 1|work=[[Dallas Observer]]|accessdate=August 20, 2009|author=Westhoff|first=Ben|date=August 19, 2009|archivedate=May 26, 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100526184836/http://www.dallasobserver.com/2009-08-20/music/the-five-most-interesting-things-you-didn-t-know-about-soulja-boy/}}</ref> Egwu ahụ rere ihe karịrị nde nde abụọ dijitalụ na US, na-aghọ ụzọ nke abụọ ruo nde abụọ nbudata. <ref>[http://new.music.yahoo.com/blogs/chart_watch/33675/week-ending-may-17-2009-three-days-is-plenty-for-green-day/ Week Ending May 17, 2009: Three Days Is Plenty For Green Day] Yahoo Music Blog (written by Paul Grein): Retrieved May 20, 2009</ref> <ref name="yahoo">{{Cite web|url=http://new.music.yahoo.com/blogs/chart_watch/41066/week-ending-aug-23-2009-over-50-and-still-on-top/|title=Week Ending Aug. 23, 2009: Over 50 And Still On Top|first=Paul|author=Grein|publisher=[[Yahoo! Music]]|accessdate=August 26, 2009}}</ref> Na Jenụwarị 26, 2009, Way wepụtara nke atọ, " Turn My Swag On ". Ọ tolitere chaatị rap nke US wee nọrọ na ọnụ ọgụgụ 19 na ''Billboard'' Hot 100. {{As of|2009|08|23}}, ọ rere ihe karịrị nde 1 nbudata dijitalụ na US <ref name="yahoo" /> [[Usòrò:Soulja_Boy_Tell_'Em_on_YouTube_Live.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|212x212px| Nwa nwoke Soulja na YouTube Live na Nọvemba 2008.]] Way kwuru na album studio ya nke atọ, ''The DeAndre Way'', <ref name="SOHH">{{Cite web|author=Harper|first=Rosario|url=http://www.sohh.com/2010/08/soulja_boy_tell_em_suffers_deandre_way_s.html|title=Soulja Boy Tell Em Suffers "DeAndre Way" Setback|publisher=Sohh.Com|date=August 26, 2010|accessdate=May 7, 2011|archivedate=August 29, 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100829073721/http://www.sohh.com/2010/08/soulja_boy_tell_em_suffers_deandre_way_s.html}}</ref> bu n'obi ka ọ bụrụ ọba ya kachasị nke onwe yana nke na-aga nke ọma ruo ugbu a. O kwuru na ya chọrọ ka ya na ndị na-ese ihe dị ka Jay-Z, Lil Wayne, [[Kanyé West|Kanye West]] <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1611119/20090511/soulja_boy_tellem.jhtml|title=Soulja Boy Tell'em Wants Jay-Z, Lil Wayne On DeAndre Way|work=MTV News|accessdate=2024-06-06|archivedate=2009-08-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090802084704/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1611119/20090511/soulja_boy_tellem.jhtml}}</ref> na [[Eminem]] na-arụkọ ọrụ. <ref name="current.com">{{Cite web|url=http://current.com/entertainment/music/92321813_soulja-boy-speaks-on-new-album-dre.htm|title=Soulja Boy Speaks on New Album "Dre" // Current|publisher=Current.com|date=March 15, 2010|accessdate=May 7, 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121003081207/http://current.com/entertainment/music/92321813_soulja-boy-speaks-on-new-album-dre.htm|archivedate=October 3, 2012}}</ref> A tọhapụrụ otu ụzọ album ahụ, "POW", na Jenụwarị 2009 mana o nweteghị ihe ịga nke ọma wee kpọọ ya otu nkwalite. Na October 30, 2009, Way wepụtara atọ mixtapes: ''Paranormal Activity'', ''Dat Piff'' na ''Cortez'' . <ref>{{Cite web|author=RealTalkNY|url=http://realtalkny.uproxx.com/2009/10/topic/topic/music/new-soulja-boy-mixtapes/|title=New Soulja Boy Mixtapes &#124; RealTalkNY|publisher=Realtalkny.uproxx.com|date=October 30, 2009|accessdate=May 7, 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725103222/http://realtalkny.uproxx.com/2009/10/topic/topic/music/new-soulja-boy-mixtapes/|archivedate=July 25, 2011}}</ref> A mara ọkwa na February 18, 2010, na mbụ otu sitere na album ga-abụ "All Black Everything", mana otu ahụ kagburu ma tinye egwu ahụ na mixtape nkwado ọzọ, ''Legendary'' . <ref>{{Cite web|author=RealTalkNY|url=http://realtalkny.uproxx.com/2010/02/topic/topic/music/soulja-boy-legendary-mixtape/|title=Soulja Boy – Legendary Mixtape &#124; RealTalkNY|publisher=Realtalkny.uproxx.com|date=February 27, 2010|accessdate=May 7, 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725102903/http://realtalkny.uproxx.com/2010/02/topic/topic/music/soulja-boy-legendary-mixtape/|archivedate=July 25, 2011}}</ref> Agbanwere aha ọba ahụ ka ọ bụrụ ''Dre'' na mmalite azụmahịa nke afọ 2010 nwere snippet vidiyo maka "Do It Big" dịka nke mbụ, mana nke a kagburu. <ref>{{Cite web|author=RealTalkNY|url=http://realtalkny.uproxx.com/2010/04/topic/topic/videos/commercial-for-soulja-boys-new-album-dre/|title=Commercial For Soulja Boy's New Album, "Dre" &#124; RealTalkNY|publisher=Realtalkny.uproxx.com|date=April 5, 2010|accessdate=May 7, 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725102951/http://realtalkny.uproxx.com/2010/04/topic/topic/videos/commercial-for-soulja-boys-new-album-dre/|archivedate=July 25, 2011}}</ref> Aha ọba ahụ laghachiri na ''The DeAndre Way'' na Julaị 2010. Na June 8, 2010, otu onye ndu gọọmentị nke album ahụ bụ " Pretty Boy Swag ". Ọ ruru nọmba 34 na ''Billboard'' Hot 100, nọmba isii na eserese Hot R&B/Hip-Hop na nọmba ise na eserese Rap. <ref name="billboard">[{{BillboardURLbyName|artist=soulja boy tell em|chart=all}} Artist Chart History - Soulja Boy Tell Em] Billboard.com</ref> Nke abụọ nke album bụ n'ihi na ọ ga-abụ "Digital", nke a na-eji kama na nkwado ya mixtape ''Best Rapper'' . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.livemixtapes.com/mixtapes/12037/soulja_boy_best_rapper.html|title=Soulja Boy - Best Rapper - DJ Woogie, Evil Empire|publisher=Livemixtapes.com|accessdate=May 7, 2011}}</ref> Mgbe ahụ, a mara ọkwa na " Ndị na-ekwu okwu na-aga Hammer "ga-abụ nke abụọ, mana " Blowing Me Kisses " wepụtara na August 31, 2010, dị ka nke abụọ. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Rodriguez|first=Jayson|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1644479/20100726/soulja_boy_tellem.jhtml|title=Soulja Boy Tell'em Prepping Second DeAndre Way Single, 'Speakers Going Hammer' News|publisher=MTV|date=July 27, 2010|accessdate=May 7, 2011|archivedate=July 29, 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100729121841/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1644479/20100726/soulja_boy_tellem.jhtml}}</ref> Na October 13, Way rụrụ "Pretty Boy Swag" na snippet nke "Speakers Going Hammer". N'October 19, 2010, o wepụtara "Speakers Going Hammer" na iTunes; ọ gbagoro na nọmba 48 na egwu ''Billboard'' Hot R&B/Hip Hop. <ref>{{Cite web|author=RealTalkNY|url=http://realtalkny.uproxx.com/2010/10/topic/topic/videos/bet-hip-hop-awards-performances-rick-ross-dipset-j-cole-antoine-dodson-more/|title=BET Hip Hop Awards Performances: Rick Ross, Dipset, J. Cole, Antoine Dodson and More &#124; RealTalkNY|publisher=Realtalkny.uproxx.com|date=October 13, 2010|accessdate=May 7, 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725103052/http://realtalkny.uproxx.com/2010/10/topic/topic/videos/bet-hip-hop-awards-performances-rick-ross-dipset-j-cole-antoine-dodson-more/|archivedate=July 25, 2011}}</ref> Ụzọ azụ na njem Summerbeatz na [[Ostraliya|Australia]] na Nọvemba 2010, ebe ọ ga-arụ ọrụ n'akụkụ Flo Rida, Jay Sean na Travie McCoy, <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.take40.com/news/20885/ja-rule-replaces-soulja-boy-at-summerbeatz|title=Ja Rule Replaces Soulja Boy At Summerbeatz|publisher=[[Take40 Australia]]|accessdate=November 17, 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101222114009/http://www.take40.com/news/20885/ja-rule-replaces-soulja-boy-at-summerbeatz|archivedate=December 22, 2010}}</ref> iji malite njem nlegharị anya "Onye Ha Chọrọ" na-akwado album ya na-abịa. . A tọhapụrụ ''Ụzọ DeAndre'' na Nọvemba 30, 2010, ma ruo ugbu a  rere naanị 70,000, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ọba egwu kacha ere Way Way. === 2011–2018: Ngwakọta agwakọta, EPs, ọba ndị nọọrọ onwe ha, na ''iguzosi ike n'ihe'' === Na 2011, Way wepụtara usoro mixtape. Nke mbụ, na Jenụwarị 22, akpọrọ ''Smooky'' ma nwee nka mkpuchi mkpuchi nke Way na-eme 360 n'ịnyịnya igwe. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.datpiff.com/Soulja-Boy-Smooky-mixtape.191718.html|title=Soulja Boy - Smooky // Free Mixtape @|publisher=Datpiff.com|accessdate=May 7, 2011|archivedate=April 26, 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110426025756/http://www.datpiff.com/Soulja-Boy-Smooky-mixtape.191718.html}}</ref> Na March 17, Way wepụtara mixtape ''1UP'' nke nwere mkpuchi mkpuchi dabeere na ''Naruto'' anime, na Way na-ekwu, sị: "Ọ bụrụ na m nọ na egwuregwu vidiyo, mixtape a ga-eme ka m gaa n'ọkwa ọzọ na ndụ ọzọ. onyinye ọhụrụ." <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rap-up.com/2011/03/17/new-music-soulja-boy-1up-mixtape/|title=New Music: Soulja Boy – '1UP' [Mixtape&#93;|publisher=Rap-Up.com|date=March 17, 2011|accessdate=May 7, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110321014811/http://www.rap-up.com/2011/03/17/new-music-soulja-boy-1up-mixtape|archive-date=March 21, 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> Na Eprel 20, Way wepụtara ''Juice'' mixtape ya na nka mkpuchi dabere na ihe nkiri nke otu aha ahụ . Way kwuru na ya ga-ahapụkwa obere ihe nkiri nke ya ka ọ soro mixtape, na na ọ na-aga ịdị ukwuu na mixtape. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/the-juice/471969/soulja-boy-im-headed-for-greatness-with-juice-mixtape-mini-movie|title=Soulja Boy: 'I'm Headed for Greatness' with 'Juice' Mixtape, Mini-Movie - The Juice|publisher=Billboard|date=April 20, 2011|accessdate=May 7, 2011}}</ref> Na Julaị 15, Way wepụtara mixtape EP ya akpọrọ ''Bernaurd Arnault EP (Nbibi Limited)'' . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.datpiff.com/Soulja-Boy-Bernard-Arnault-EP-Limited-Edition-mixtape.251283.html|title=Soulja Boy - Bernard Arnault EP (Limited Edition) Hosted by SODMG|work=DatPiff|accessdate=September 6, 2012|archivedate=October 27, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121027123601/http://www.datpiff.com/Soulja-Boy-Bernard-Arnault-EP-Limited-Edition-mixtape.251283.html}}</ref> Mgbe ahụ na August 1, Way wepụtara ọzọ ep mixtape aha ''21: EP'' . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.datpiff.com/Soulja-Boy-21-EP-mixtape.257596.html|title=Soulja Boy - 21: EP Hosted by SODMG|work=DatPiff|date=August 1, 2011|accessdate=November 22, 2016|archivedate=March 1, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170301133253/http://www.datpiff.com/Soulja-Boy-21-EP-mixtape.257596.html}}</ref> Na August 31, Way wepụtara mixtape ''The Crown Ikpeazụ'', mkpuchi nke mixtape dabeere na ihe osise nke Flammarion Engraving . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thefader.com/2011/09/01/soulja-boys-the-last-crown-mixtape/|title=Soulja Boy's The Last Crown Mixtape|author=Andrew Noz|work=The FADER}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.datpiff.com/Soulja-Boy-The-Last-Crown-mixtape.262854.html|title=Soulja Boy - The Last Crown Hosted by SODMG|work=DatPiff|accessdate=September 6, 2012|archivedate=October 5, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121005092249/http://www.datpiff.com/Soulja-Boy-The-Last-Crown-mixtape.262854.html}}</ref> Na Septemba 2011, Way kwadoro na ọ na-arụ ọrụ na album ọhụrụ, ''Nkwa'', nke a ga-ewepụta na October. <ref name="youtube.com">{{Cite web|author=SouljaBoy|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n3X3cPZlWaQ|title=Soulja Boy - S.Beezy TV Webisodes: New Album part 1|publisher=YouTube|date=September 16, 2011|accessdate=November 24, 2011}}</ref> Way weputara mkpuchi na aha nke album ya nke abụọ nọọrọ onwe ya site na Twitter, akpọrọ ''Skate Boy'', yana ọkwa na ọ ga-adị na ụlọ ahịa na Nọvemba 1. <ref name="twitter1">{{Cite web|author=Volledige naam|url=https://www.twitter.com/souljaboy/media/slideshow?url=pic.twitter.com%2FDqiH13n7|title=Twitter|publisher=Twitter|accessdate=March 22, 2013}}</ref> <ref name="hiphop-n-more1">{{Cite web|author=Angelo|url=http://hiphop-n-more.com/2011/10/soulja-boy-skate-boy-album-cover/|title=Soulja Boy – Skate Boy (Album Cover) &#124; HipHop-N-More|publisher=Hiphop-n-more.com|date=October 1, 2011|accessdate=November 24, 2011}}</ref> Na Septemba 19, Way wepụtara mixtape ''Supreme'' . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.datpiff.com/Soulja-Boy-SBeezy-Supreme-mixtape.263011.html|title=Soulja Boy (S.Beezy) - Supreme Hosted by SODMG|work=DatPiff|accessdate=September 6, 2012|archivedate=July 19, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120719090416/http://www.datpiff.com/Soulja-Boy-SBeezy-Supreme-mixtape.263011.html}}</ref> N'October 30, ewepụtara ''Skate Boy (Deluxe Edition)'' dị ka mixtape, kama ịbụ ọba. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.datpiff.com/Soulja-Boy-Skate-Boy-Deluxe-Edition-mixtape.278041.html|title=Soulja Boy - Skate Boy (Deluxe Edition) Hosted by SODMG, Ocean Gang, Rich Kingz, Alien Team|work=DatPiff|accessdate=September 5, 2012|archivedate=October 27, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121027123625/http://www.datpiff.com/Soulja-Boy-Skate-Boy-Deluxe-Edition-mixtape.278041.html}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.livemixtapes.com/mixtapes/15176/soulja_boy_skate_boy.html|title=Soulja Boy - Skate Boy|work=LiveMixtapes}}</ref> Na Disemba 30, 2011, Way wepụtara mixtape ọzọ akpọrọ ''Gold On Deck'' . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.datpiff.com/Soulja-Boy-Gold-On-Deck-mixtape.298767.html|title=Soulja Boy - Gold On Deck|work=DatPiff|accessdate=September 5, 2012|archivedate=October 27, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121027123634/http://www.datpiff.com/Soulja-Boy-Gold-On-Deck-mixtape.298767.html}}</ref> N'afọ 2012, Way wepụtara mixtape ndị ọzọ ebe album ya gara n'ihu na-egbu oge. Na Jenụwarị 9, Way wepụtara mixtape maka mmalite nke afọ, akpọrọ ''50/13'', na mkpuchi dabere na nke ASAP Rocky 's mixtape ''Live.'' ''Ịhụnanya.'' ''ASAP'' . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.datpiff.com/Soulja-Boy-5013-mixtape.302427.html|title=Soulja Boy - 50/13 Hosted by SODMG Ent.|work=DatPiff|accessdate=September 5, 2012|archivedate=October 27, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121027123643/http://www.datpiff.com/Soulja-Boy-5013-mixtape.302427.html}}</ref> Na Jenụwarị 24, Way wepụtara mixtape mmekorita ya na onye na-ese ihe ya bụ Young L akpọrọ ''Mario & Domo vs. the World'' nwere nka mkpuchi dabere na egwuregwu vidiyo ''Super Mario Bros.'' <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.datpiff.com/Soulja-Boy-Young-L-Mario-Domo-Vs-The-World-mixtape.307889.html|title=Soulja Boy and Young L - Mario & Domo Vs. The World Hosted by SODMG Ent.|work=DatPiff|accessdate=September 5, 2012|archivedate=October 27, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121027123614/http://www.datpiff.com/Soulja-Boy-Young-L-Mario-Domo-Vs-The-World-mixtape.307889.html}}</ref> Na Machị 23, Way wepụtara mixtape akpọrọ ''OBEY'' nke gosipụtara ya. otu mgbasa ozi "Ọ gwụchara". <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.datpiff.com/Soulja-Boy-Obey-mixtape.328307.html|title=Soulja Boy - Obey Hosted by SODMG|work=DatPiff|accessdate=September 5, 2012|archivedate=October 27, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121027123638/http://www.datpiff.com/Soulja-Boy-Obey-mixtape.328307.html}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thefader.com/2012/03/23/download-soulja-boys-obey-mixtape/|title=Download Soulja Boy's Obey Mixtape|author=Naomi Zeichner|work=The FADER}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Too Faded (featuring The Game) - Single by Soulja Boy|url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/too-faded-feat.-game-single/id500906305|work=iTunes|publisher=Apple|accessdate=November 5, 2011}}</ref> Na June 3, 2012, Way kwuru banyere album ya na-abịa ''n'ihu'' wee kwuo na ya ewepụtala ọtụtụ mixtapes n'ime afọ abụọ gara aga n'ihi na ọ na-eche na ọ ga-ewepụta ọtụtụ egwu ma bụrụ ihe okike dị ka o kwere mee. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jYaoKyPUoJM|title=Soulja Boy Discusses His Upcoming Album "Promise"|date=July 3, 2012|work=YouTube}}</ref> Na June 11, Way wepụtara mixtape mmekorita ọzọ na onye rapper Vinny Chase akpọrọ ''Double Cup City'' . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.datpiff.com/Soulja-Boy-Vinny-Chae-Double-Cup-City-mixtape.361495.html|title=Soulja Boy & Vinny Cha$e - Double Cup City Hosted by SODMG|work=DatPiff|accessdate=September 5, 2012|archivedate=July 16, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120716042154/http://www.datpiff.com/Soulja-Boy-Vinny-Chae-Double-Cup-City-mixtape.361495.html}}</ref> Na Septemba 4, Way wepụtara sequel mixtape ''Juice II'', nke Way laghachiri n'ụdị mmepụta ochie ya na ahịrị mmalite "Soulja Boy Tell 'Em". Ọ bụ mixtape kacha ebudatara Way. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.datpiff.com/Soulja-Boy-Juice-II-mixtape.392026.html|title=Soulja Boy - Juice II Hosted by SODMG|work=DatPiff|accessdate=September 5, 2012|archivedate=September 5, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120905012324/http://www.datpiff.com/Soulja-Boy-Juice-II-mixtape.392026.html}}</ref> Ngwakọta ya nke akpọrọ ''Young & Flexin'' wepụtara na Nọvemba 6. <ref name="www.hiphopdx.com">{{Cite web|title=Mixtape Release Dates: Master P, Fashawn, Gunplay, Mickey Factz|url=http://www.hiphopdx.com/index/news/id.21739/title.mixtape-release-dates-master-p-fashawn-gunplay-mickey-factz|date=November 5, 2012|accessdate=November 5, 2012|archivedate=November 8, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121108011126/http://www.hiphopdx.com/index/news/id.21739/title.mixtape-release-dates-master-p-fashawn-gunplay-mickey-factz}}</ref> Na Disemba 25, 2012, Way wepụtara ''LOUD'', nke bụ mixtape mbụ ya ekesara na iTunes. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.datpiff.com/Soulja-Boy-LOUD-mixtape.433673.html|title=Soulja Boy - LOUD Hosted by SODMG // Free Mixtape @|publisher=Datpiff.com|date=December 25, 2012|accessdate=March 22, 2013|archivedate=March 1, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130301071234/http://www.datpiff.com/Soulja-Boy-LOUD-mixtape.433673.html}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/loud/id590911788|title=iTunes - Music - Loud by Soulja Boy Tell 'Em|publisher=Itunes.apple.com|date=December 26, 2012|accessdate=March 22, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130425082023/https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/loud/id590911788|archive-date=April 25, 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> Akara 2013 site na igbu oge ọzọ nke ọba akwụkwọ mgbe nkwekọrịta ndekọ Way kubiri, ma ọ gara n'ihu wepụta mixtapes. Na February 22, Way wepụtara mixtape mbụ ya nke afọ, akpọrọ ''Foreign'' . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.datpiff.com/Soulja-Boy-Foreign-mixtape.458433.html|title=Soulja Boy - Foreign Hosted by DJ Wats|work=DatPiff|accessdate=March 27, 2013|archivedate=March 13, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130313103318/http://www.datpiff.com/Soulja-Boy-Foreign-mixtape.458433.html}}</ref> Na March, a nụrụ kepu kepu na Way na-abanye na Cash Money Records mgbe ọ nwesịrị igbu egbugbu ihu na-ekwu "Rich Gang" otu izu ụka ahụ ya na onye njikwa ya na ndị na-ese ego Cash Money Birdman na Bow Wow hụrụ ya. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Starbury|first=Allen|url=http://www.ballerstatus.com/2013/03/12/soulja-boy-sign-cash-money-rich-gang-face-tattoo/|title=Soulja Boy To Sign With Cash Money? Gets 'Rich Gang' Face Tattoo|publisher=BallerStatus.com|date=March 12, 2013|accessdate=March 22, 2013|archivedate=April 10, 2013|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130410131355/http://www.ballerstatus.com/2013/03/12/soulja-boy-sign-cash-money-rich-gang-face-tattoo/}}</ref> Nke a gara n'ihu ka ọ gbakwụnyere "Rich Gang" ma ọ bụ "YMCMB" na nyiwe mgbasa ozi mmekọrịta ya. Way kwuburu na ya esokwaghị Interscope Records mgbe nkwekọrịta ndekọ ya kwụsịrị na February. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.complex.com/music/2013/03/did-soulja-boy-sign-with-ymcmb|title=Did Soulja Boy Sign With YMCMB?|publisher=Complex|accessdate=March 22, 2013|archivedate=March 22, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130322045604/http://www.complex.com/music/2013/03/did-soulja-boy-sign-with-ymcmb}}</ref> Way kwuputakwara na album ya ''eweghachila'' ''Nkwa USA DRE'' . Na Machị 15, o wepụtara otu mbụ na ọba egwu, akpọrọ "Handsome". <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.xxlmag.com/rap-music/bangers/2013/03/soulja-boy-handsome/|title=Soulja Boy, "Handsome"|work=XXL|date=March 11, 2013}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/handsome-single/id622611468|title=iTunes - Music - Handsome - Single by Soulja Boy Tell 'Em|work=iTunes|date=March 15, 2013}}</ref> Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, na March 25, ọ wepụtara EP, ''All Black'' . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/all-black-ep/id626908611|title=iTunes - Music - All Black - EP by Soulja Boy Tell 'Em|work=iTunes|date=March 25, 2013}}</ref> Na Eprel 24, Way wepụtara mixtape ''Foreign 2'' ya. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.datpiff.com/Soulja-Boy-Foreign-2-mixtape.481503.html|title=Soulja Boy - Foreign 2 Hosted by SODMG|work=DatPiff|accessdate=April 26, 2013|archivedate=April 27, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130427001615/http://www.datpiff.com/Soulja-Boy-Foreign-2-mixtape.481503.html}}</ref> Ụbọchị atọ ka e mesịrị, Way kpugheere ihe mkpuchi ahụ na mixtape ya ọzọ akpọrọ ''King Soulja'' nke ewepụtara na May 5. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hotnewhiphop.com/soulja-boy-reveals-new-mixtape-title-cover-art-and-release-date-news.5451.html|title=Soulja Boy Reveals New Mixtape Title, Cover Art and Release Date|author=Nicolas James|work=HotNewHipHop|date=April 28, 2013|accessdate=April 28, 2013|archivedate=May 1, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130501075735/http://www.hotnewhiphop.com/soulja-boy-reveals-new-mixtape-title-cover-art-and-release-date-news.5451.html}}</ref> Na Mee 26, Way wepụtara EP ya nke abụọ akpọrọ ''Cuban Link'' . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/cuban-link-ep/id655015296|title=iTunes - Music - Cuban Link EP by Soulja Boy Tell 'Em|work=iTunes|date=May 27, 2013}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.datpiff.com/Soulja-Boy-Cuban-Link-EP-mixtape.492593.html|title=Soulja Boy - Cuban Link EP Hosted by RichGang|work=DatPiff|accessdate=June 17, 2013|archivedate=June 15, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130615123933/http://www.datpiff.com/Soulja-Boy-Cuban-Link-Ep-mixtape.492593.html}}</ref> Na June 13, Way kwupụtara mgbanwe aha album ọzọ, na ''Life After Fame'', na na a ga-ahapụ ya na ụlọ ahịa na July 30, 2013. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://twitter.com/souljaboy/status/347079145018257408|title=Soulja Boy on Twitter|work=Twitter}}</ref> Na June 25, Way wepụtara otu mbụ ya na album akpọrọ "Ridin Round" na iTunes, mana e mechara kpọọ ya otu nkwalite. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hotnewhiphop.com/soulja-boy-ridin-round-song.1441347.html|title=Soulja Boy - Ridin Round|work=HotNewHipHop|date=June 24, 2013|access-date=June 6, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130628011209/http://www.hotnewhiphop.com/soulja-boy-ridin-round-song.1441347.html|archive-date=June 28, 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://twitter.com/souljaboy/status/349213459805782016|title=Soulja Boy on Twitter|work=Twitter}}</ref> Na June 30, Way wepụtara ''Life After Fame'' dị ka mixtape kama ịbụ ọba. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.datpiff.com/Soulja-Boy-Life-After-Fame-mixtape.515477.html|title=Soulja Boy - Life After Fame|work=DatPiff|accessdate=August 3, 2013|archivedate=August 1, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130801194402/http://www.datpiff.com/Soulja-Boy-Life-After-Fame-mixtape.515477.html}}</ref> Na Septemba 24, Way wepụtara mixtape ya akpọrọ ''23'' . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.datpiff.com/Soulja-Boy-23-mixtape.534646.html|title=Soulja Boy - 23 Hosted by Stacks On Deck|work=DatPiff|accessdate=September 25, 2013|archivedate=September 25, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130925155113/http://www.datpiff.com/Soulja-Boy-23-mixtape.534646.html}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hotnewhiphop.com/soulja-boy-23-the-mixtape-mixtape.96696.html|title=Soulja Boy - 23|work=HotNewHipHop|date=September 24, 2013|access-date=June 6, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130925163657/http://www.hotnewhiphop.com/soulja-boy-23-the-mixtape-mixtape.96696.html|archive-date=September 25, 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> Na November 30, Way wepụtara mixtape ya ''The King'' . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.datpiff.com/Soulja-Boy-The-King-mixtape.555926.html|title=Soulja Boy - The King Hosted by SODMG|work=DatPiff|accessdate=March 2, 2014|archivedate=February 9, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209212019/http://www.datpiff.com/Soulja-Boy-The-King-mixtape.555926.html}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hotnewhiphop.com/soulja-boy-the-king-mixtape.102675.html|title=Soulja Boy - The King|work=HotNewHipHop|date=November 30, 2013|access-date=June 6, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203041759/http://www.hotnewhiphop.com/soulja-boy-the-king-mixtape.102675.html|archive-date=December 3, 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> Na Disemba 28, 2013, onye na-agụ egwú / onye na-agụ egwú [[Drake]] jikọrọ aka na remixed Way's intro track "We made It" site na mixtape ya ''Eze'' . <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/12/28/drake-we-made-it_n_4512569.html|title=Drake Releases 'We Made It' Freestyle Over Soulja Boy Track|work=The Huffington Post|date=December 28, 2013|author=Kristobak|first=Ryan}}</ref> N'afọ 2014, Way gara n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ na album studio nke anọ ya mgbe ya na ndị nka na-emekọ ihe na-ewepụta mixtape ọzọ. Na Machị 18, Way wepụtara mixtape mbụ ya nke afọ akpọrọ ''King Soulja 2'' . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.datpiff.com/Soulja-Boy-King-Soulja-2-mixtape.592105.html|title=Soulja Boy - King Soulja 2 Hosted by SODMG|work=DatPiff|accessdate=June 26, 2014|archivedate=March 19, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140319162103/http://www.datpiff.com/Soulja-Boy-King-Soulja-2-mixtape.592105.html}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hotnewhiphop.com/soulja-boy-king-soulja-2-new-mixtape.110087.html|title=Soulja Boy - King Soulja 2|work=HotNewHipHop|date=March 18, 2014|access-date=June 6, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140321050007/http://www.hotnewhiphop.com/soulja-boy-king-soulja-2-new-mixtape.110087.html|archive-date=March 21, 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.livemixtapes.com/mixtapes/26722/soulja-boy-king-soulja-ii.html|title=Soulja Boy - King Soulja II|work=LiveMixtapes}}</ref> Na Eprel 20, Way wepụtara album dijitalụ mbụ ya ''Super Dope'', na-egosipụta ọdịdị sitere na Rapper Busta Rhymes . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/super-dope/id863241714|title=iTunes - Music - Super Dope by Soulja Boy Tell 'Em|work=iTunes|date=April 20, 2014|access-date=June 6, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140709152834/https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/super-dope/id863241714|archive-date=July 9, 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> Na Mee 19, Way mepụtara, dekọkwara ọnụ wee gosipụta ya na nkwalite nkwalite [[Nicki Minaj]] " Yasss Bish ", nke nwetara nlebanya dị mma site n'aka ndị nkatọ egwu. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fuse.tv/2014/05/nicki-minaj-soulja-boy-yasss-bish|title=Nicki Minaj and Soulja Boy Collaborate On "Yasss Bish!!"|work=Fuse|accessdate=2024-06-06|archivedate=2025-02-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250221123511/https://www.fuse.tv/2014/05/nicki-minaj-soulja-boy-yasss-bish}}</ref> Na June 8, Way kwupụtara na ọ na-arụ ọrụ ugbu a na ọrụ mixtape ọhụrụ ya ''King Soulja 3'', nke ga-apụta ìhè site na Lil Wayne, [[Drake]], Migos, Young Thug na Wiz Khalifa . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lilwaynehq.com/2014/06/soulja-boy-says-lil-wayne-will-be-featured-on-his-king-soulja-3-mixtape/|title=Soulja Boy Says Lil Wayne Will Be Featured On His "King Soulja 3" Mixtape|work=Lil Wayne Fansite - Weezy Blog|date=June 8, 2014}}</ref> Na June 29, Way wepụtara ''King Soulja 3'' dị ka ọba dijitalụ ya nke abụọ site na iTunes, na-egosipụta ngosipụta sitere na Gudda Gudda na Rich The Kid. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/king-soulja-3/id897181680|title=iTunes - Music - King Soulja{{nbsp}}3 by Soulja Boy Tell 'Em|work=iTunes|date=July 29, 2014}}</ref> On October 31, Way wepụtara ya mixtape ''Young Millionaire'', featuring visuals from Sean [[Kingston]], Cap.1 na Rich The Kid. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.datpiff.com/Soulja-Boy-Young-Millionaire-mixtape.662008.html|title=Soulja Boy - Young Millionaire|work=DatPiff|accessdate=November 7, 2014|archivedate=November 9, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141109123043/http://www.datpiff.com/Soulja-Boy-Young-Millionaire-mixtape.662008.html}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hotnewhiphop.com/soulja-boy-young-millionaire-new-mixtape.115552.html|title=Soulja Boy - Young Millionaire|work=HotNewHipHop|date=October 31, 2014|accessdate=November 7, 2014|archivedate=November 7, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141107210459/http://www.hotnewhiphop.com/soulja-boy-young-millionaire-new-mixtape.115552.html}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.complex.com/music/2014/11/soulja-boy-young-millionaire-mixtape|title=Listen to Soulja Boy's "Young Millionaire" Mixtape|author=Meaghan Garvey|work=Complex|accessdate=2024-06-06|archivedate=2023-04-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230417030901/https://www.complex.com/music/2014/11/soulja-boy-young-millionaire-mixtape}}</ref> Na Nọvemba 17, Way kwupụtara site na Instagram ya na ọ bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta labelụ ọhụrụ na Universal Music Group ma kpughee aha, nka mkpuchi na ụbọchị mwepụta maka album studio nke anọ ya, ''Iguzosi ike n'ihe'', nke akwadoro maka mwepụta na Disemba 2, 2014, mana agbagoro azụ na February 3, 2015. <ref name="Universal deal and Loyalty album">{{Cite web|url=http://www.hip-hopvibe.com/2014/11/17/soulja-boy-announces-new-album-loyalty-release-date-and-label-deal-photo/|title=Soulja Boy announces new album, ''Loyalty'', release date, and label deal [PHOTO]|work=Hip Hop Vibe|date=November 17, 2014}}</ref> Na 2015, na-eso mwepụta nke album studio nke anọ ya, ''Loyalty'', Way wepụtara ndị ọzọ otu, mixtape na ọba dijitalụ. Maka album dijitalụ a na-abịa, ''King Soulja 4'', Way wepụtara otu "Whippin My Wrist (Too Rich)" na February 27; ọ tụrụ na ''Billboard'' Trending 140 na nọmba 48. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/whippin-my-wrist-single/id972711476|title=iTunes - Music - Whippin My Wrist - Single by Soulja Boy Tell 'Em|work=iTunes|date=February 27, 2015|accessdate=July 20, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150724103542/https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/whippin-my-wrist-single/id972711476|archive-date=July 24, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> Na May 16, Way wepụtara ya mixtape ''Swag The Mixtape'' featuring visuals from Migos, Peewee Longway, Troy Ave, Johnny Cinco, Chief Keef, Pack Strong, Paul Allen, Chella H, Calico Jonez na Kyle Massey . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.datpiff.com/Soulja-Boy-Swag-mixtape.709530.html|title=Soulja Boy - Swag|work=DatPiff|accessdate=July 20, 2015|archivedate=July 21, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150721140947/http://www.datpiff.com/Soulja-Boy-Swag-mixtape.709530.html}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hotnewhiphop.com/soulja-boy-swag-the-mixtape-new-mixtape.115838.html|title=Soulja Boy - Swag The Mixtape - Download and Listen [New Mixtape]|author=Danny Schwartz|date=May 16, 2015|work=HotNewHipHop|accessdate=July 20, 2015|archivedate=July 22, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150722053319/http://www.hotnewhiphop.com/soulja-boy-swag-the-mixtape-new-mixtape.115838.html}}</ref> Na Mee 26, Atlanta ibe, onye na-ese Georgia Rich The Kid mara ọkwa na ya na Way ga-ewepụta ọba mmekorita akpọrọ ''Get Rich'' . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.xxlmag.com/news/2015/05/rich-the-kid-soulja-boy-joint-album/|title=Rich The Kid and Soulja Boy Are Dropping a Joint Album|work=XXL|date=May 26, 2015|accessdate=July 20, 2015}}</ref> Na June 3, site na Twitter, Way kpughere aha, mkpuchi mkpuchi na ụbọchị ntọhapụ ya na album studio nke ise ya na-abịa, ''Ngọzi'', nke akwadoro maka ntọhapụ na July 28, 2015, mana enwere ọtụtụ igbu oge. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rapdirect.net/2015/06/news-soulja-boy-announces-new-album-title-release-date/|title=Release Date: Soulja Boy - "Blessed" (Album) - Rap Direct|work=Rap Direct|accessdate=July 20, 2015|date=June 4, 2015|archivedate=July 21, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150721224620/http://www.rapdirect.net/2015/06/news-soulja-boy-announces-new-album-title-release-date/}}</ref> Na June 30, Way wepụtara mixtape akpọrọ ''25 The Movie'' . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.datpiff.com/Soulja-Boy-25-The-Movie-mixtape.725698.html|title=Soulja Boy - 25 The Movie|work=DatPiff|accessdate=September 20, 2015|archivedate=September 24, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924050022/http://www.datpiff.com/Soulja-Boy-25-The-Movie-mixtape.725698.html}}</ref> Na Julaị 17, Way wepụtara otu ọhụrụ akpọrọ "Actavis" nke gosipụtara Migos, nke ewepụtara na ọba dijitalụ ya nke anọ ''King Soulja 4'' . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hotnewhiphop.com/soulja-boy-activais-feat-migos-new-song.1965462.html|title=Soulja Boy - Actavis featuring Migos - Stream and Listen [New Song]|author=Danny Schwartz|date=July 17, 2015|work=HotNewHipHop|accessdate=July 20, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150718163610/http://www.hotnewhiphop.com/soulja-boy-activais-feat-migos-new-song.1965462.html|archive-date=July 18, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> Na July 23, Way wepụtara mixtape ya akpọrọ ''M & M: Ego na egwu'' . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.datpiff.com/Soulja-Boy-Tell-Em-M-M-Money-Music-mixtape.724418.html|title=Soulja Boy Tell 'Em - M & M: Money & Music Hosted by SODMG, PTE|work=DatPiff|accessdate=September 9, 2015|archivedate=September 10, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910174701/http://www.datpiff.com/Soulja-Boy-Tell-Em-M-M-Money-Music-mixtape.724418.html}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hotnewhiphop.com/soulja-boy-m-and-m-money-and-music-new-mixtape.115938.html|title=Soulja Boy - M & M: Money & Music - Download & Listen [New Mixtape]|author=Kevin Goddard|date=July 24, 2015|work=HotNewHipHop|accessdate=September 9, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150724122118/http://www.hotnewhiphop.com/soulja-boy-m-and-m-money-and-music-new-mixtape.115938.html|archive-date=July 24, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> Na July 30, site na akara aha ya onwe ya Stacks on Deck Entertainment, Way wepụtara ya nke anọ dijitalụ album, ''King Soulja 4'', featuring visuals si Migos, ReeseMoneyBagz, Dae Dot na Sean Kingston. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/king-soulja-4/id1020320565|title=King Soulja 4|work=iTunes|date=July 30, 2015|accessdate=September 20, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151225152354/https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/king-soulja-4/id1020320565|archive-date=December 25, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://play.google.com/store/music/album/Soulja_Boy_King_Soulja_4?id=Bt7zn2yah6ktoq6ypofz5bwx7fa|title=Soulja Boy: King Soulja{{nbsp}}4 - Music on Google Play|work=google.com|accessdate=September 20, 2015}}</ref> Na Septemba 1, Way wepụtara otu "Diddy Bop". <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/diddy-bop-single/id1036349525|title=Diddy Bop - Single by Soulja Boy Tell 'Em on iTunes|work=[[iTunes]]|date=September 2015|accessdate=June 11, 2016}}</ref> Na Septemba 24, Way wepụtara otu akpọrọ "Gratata" yana vidiyo egwu na-eso ya. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/gratata-single/id1043277372|title=Gratata - Single by Soulja Boy Tell 'Em on iTunes|work=[[iTunes]]|date=September 23, 2015|accessdate=June 11, 2016}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hotnewhiphop.com/soulja-boy-gratata-video-new-video.35427.html|title=Soulja Boy "Gratata" Video|author=Kevin Goddard|date=September 24, 2015|work=HotNewHipHop|accessdate=September 28, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150926080828/http://www.hotnewhiphop.com/soulja-boy-gratata-video-new-video.35427.html|archive-date=September 26, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> Na Septemba 28, Way wepụtara mixtape ''Plug Talk'' . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hotnewhiphop.com/soulja-boy-plug-talk-new-mixtape.116050.html|title=Soulja Boy - Plug Talk - Download & Listen [New Mixtape]|author=Danny Schwartz|date=September 29, 2015|work=HotNewHipHop|accessdate=September 30, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930201612/http://www.hotnewhiphop.com/soulja-boy-plug-talk-new-mixtape.116050.html|archive-date=September 30, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> Na Nọvemba 9, Way wepụtara otu akpọrọ "Mee ya mmiri ozuzo". <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/make-it-rain-single/id1058867976|title=Make It Rain - Single by Soulja Boy Tell 'Em on iTunes|work=[[iTunes]]|date=November 11, 2015|accessdate=June 11, 2016}}</ref> Na November 24, Way wepụtara mixtape aha ya bụ ''S. Beezy'' . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://datpiff.com/tape/748785|title=Soujla Boy - S. Beezy Hosted by SODMG|accessdate=June 11, 2016}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hotnewhiphop.com/soulja-boy-s-beezy-new-mixtape.116142.html|title=Soulja Boy - S. Beezy - Download & Listen [New Mixtape]|work=HNHH|date=November 25, 2015|accessdate=June 11, 2016|archivedate=May 31, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531070649/http://www.hotnewhiphop.com/soulja-boy-s-beezy-new-mixtape.116142.html}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.livemixtapes.com/mixtapes/37247/soulja-boy-s-beezy.html|title=Soulja Boy - S. Beezy - NoDJ|accessdate=June 11, 2016}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://spinrilla.com/mixtapes/soulja-boy-s-beezy|title=S. Beezy by Soulja Boy|date=November 24, 2015|accessdate=June 11, 2016|archivedate=March 23, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160323045451/https://spinrilla.com/mixtapes/soulja-boy-s-beezy}}</ref> === Charles Hamilton === Na Disemba 9, 2008, [[Charles Hamilton (rapper)|Charles Hamilton]] kwuru na N'ajụjụ ọnụ na Way na-eme ka o siere ndị na-ese ihe ọhụrụ ike ịbịanye aka. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.xxlmag.com/bloggers/2008/12/charles-hamilton-blames-soulja-boy/|title=Charles Hamilton Blames Soulja Boy|date=December 9, 2008|publisher=Xxlmag.Com|accessdate=May 7, 2011|archivedate=October 10, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121010161022/http://www.xxlmag.com/bloggers/2008/12/charles-hamilton-blames-soulja-boy/}}</ref> Way zara, "X out the Sonic and fuck with Mario, you might want to got damn rie a ero" (Hamilton bụ nnukwu onye ofufe nke Sonic the Hedgehog, na-arara a dum mixtape na-egosi onwe ya dị ka titular agwa). <ref>{{Cite web|author=RealTalkNY|url=http://realtalkny.uproxx.com/2008/12/topic/topic/beef/soulja-boy-responds-to-charles-hamiltons-comments/|title=Soulja Boy Responds To Charles Hamilton's Comments &#124; RealTalkNY|publisher=Realtalkny.uproxx.com|date=December 9, 2008|accessdate=May 7, 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725104234/http://realtalkny.uproxx.com/2008/12/topic/topic/beef/soulja-boy-responds-to-charles-hamiltons-comments/|archivedate=July 25, 2011}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Stephen Totilo|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/2458172/rap-mixtape-about-being-sonic-the-hedgehog/|title='I'M NOT CRAZY' - SEGA-LOVING RAPPER EXPLAINS 'SONIC THE HEDGEHOG' LIFESTYLE|publisher=mtv.com|date=November 25, 2008|accessdate=August 5, 2019|archivedate=August 5, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190805132841/http://www.mtv.com/news/2458172/rap-mixtape-about-being-sonic-the-hedgehog/}}</ref> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;&#x5D;</sup> Hamilton zara ya na egwu diss, "Abụ m gị Afọ ikpeazụ na Talent", <ref>{{Cite web|author=RealTalkNY|url=http://realtalkny.uproxx.com/2008/12/topic/topic/beef/charles-hamilton-im-you-last-year-with-talent-soulja-boy-diss/|title=Charles Hamilton – "I'm You Last Year With Talent" (Soulja Boy Diss) &#124; RealTalkNY|publisher=Realtalkny.uproxx.com|date=December 12, 2008|accessdate=May 7, 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725103354/http://realtalkny.uproxx.com/2008/12/topic/topic/beef/charles-hamilton-im-you-last-year-with-talent-soulja-boy-diss/|archivedate=July 25, 2011}}</ref> sochiri ọzọ, "Okwu Aight". <ref>{{Cite web|author=RealTalkNY|url=http://realtalkny.uproxx.com/2008/12/topic/topic/beef/charles-hamilton-word-aight-soulja-boy-diss/|title=Charles Hamilton – "Word? Aight" (Soulja Boy Diss) &#124; RealTalkNY|publisher=Realtalkny.uproxx.com|date=December 13, 2008|accessdate=May 7, 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725103448/http://realtalkny.uproxx.com/2008/12/topic/topic/beef/charles-hamilton-word-aight-soulja-boy-diss/|archivedate=July 25, 2011}}</ref> === Ụta Chaị === Na February 2, 2009, Way gbara Bow Wow aka n'ọsọ na Lamborghini ha wee kwuo na Bow Wow's Lamborghini bụ mgbazinye. <ref>{{Cite web|author=RealTalkNY|url=http://realtalkny.uproxx.com/2009/02/topic/topic/pictures/rich-nigga-shit-pt4-soulja-boy-wants-to-race-bow-wow-for-his-lamborghini/|title=Soulja Boy Wants To Race Bow Wow For His Lamborghini (Bow Wow Responds) &#124; RealTalkNY|publisher=Realtalkny.uproxx.com|date=February 2, 2009|accessdate=May 7, 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725103751/http://realtalkny.uproxx.com/2009/02/topic/topic/pictures/rich-nigga-shit-pt4-soulja-boy-wants-to-race-bow-wow-for-his-lamborghini/|archivedate=July 25, 2011}}</ref> Na Febụwarị 4, Bow Wow gosipụtara na ya nwere Lamborghini wee kwuo "halloween ya na Bankhead maka gị nigga kwa ụbọchị. ... ị tụrụ egwu ... unu niile na-atụ ụjọ na shit". Way zara na Twitter site na ịsị "Ọ FUCKED !!!! IM BOUT TO SHITTTT NA NIGGA a!! LOL!!!!!" <ref>{{Cite web|author=RealTalkNY|url=http://realtalkny.uproxx.com/2009/02/topic/topic/beef/bow-wow-proves-he-owns-his-lambo-says-rip-to-soulja-boys-career-lambo/|title=Bow Wow Proves He Owns His Lambo, Says R.I.P. To Soulja Boy's Career and He Scared To Go ATL &#124; RealTalkNY|publisher=Realtalkny.uproxx.com|date=February 4, 2009|accessdate=May 7, 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725103912/http://realtalkny.uproxx.com/2009/02/topic/topic/beef/bow-wow-proves-he-owns-his-lambo-says-rip-to-soulja-boys-career-lambo/|archivedate=July 25, 2011}}</ref> Na February 7, ndị omenkà abụọ ahụ zigara ibe ha egwu diss, dị ka Way's "Fuck Bow Wow" na Bow Wow's "Ihe m chere gbasara gị". <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://realtalkny.uproxx.com/2009/02/topic/topic/beef/soulja-boy-fck-bow-wow-bow-wow-diss/|title=Soulja Boy - F*ck Bow Wow (Bow Wow Diss) - RealTalkNY Brought To You By Nigel D.|work=RealTalk NY|accessdate=April 9, 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725104013/http://realtalkny.uproxx.com/2009/02/topic/topic/beef/soulja-boy-fck-bow-wow-bow-wow-diss/|archivedate=July 25, 2011}}</ref> Mgbe e mesịrị n'ụbọchị ahụ, mgbe ha na-akparịta ụka n'ekwentị ma ndị rapper ahụ edozi esemokwu ha. <ref>{{Cite web|author=RealTalkNY|url=http://realtalkny.uproxx.com/2009/02/topic/topic/beef/audio-bow-wow-soulja-boy-have-a-phone-convo-beef-squashed/|title=Audio: Bow Wow & Soulja Boy Have A Phone Convo, Beef Squashed? &#124; RealTalkNY|publisher=Realtalkny.uproxx.com|date=February 7, 2009|accessdate=May 7, 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725104109/http://realtalkny.uproxx.com/2009/02/topic/topic/beef/audio-bow-wow-soulja-boy-have-a-phone-convo-beef-squashed/|archivedate=July 25, 2011}}</ref> Na 2016, ha wepụtara ngwakọta ngwakọta nke akpọrọ ''Ignorant Shit'' . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pitchfork.com/news/69289-soulja-boy-and-bow-wow-reunite-for-new-mixtape-ignorant-shit-listen/|title=Soulja Boy and Bow Wow Reunite for New Mixtape Ignorant Shit: Listen - Pitchfork|work=[[Pitchfork (website)|Pitchfork]]|date=October 25, 2016|accessdate=November 8, 2016}}</ref> === Ndị agha US === Na Septemba 2011, Way wepụtara abụ "Ka Anyị Bụrụ Ezigbo". Otu n'ime ahịrị nke abụ bụ: ''"Fuck FBI na iberibe ndị agha niile agha / Na-alụ ọgụ maka gịnị? Bitch, bụrụ onye nke gị / m ga-efefe n'ígwé ojii na akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ dị ka m bụ Peter Pan."'' <ref name="army">{{Cite web|url=http://www.foxnews.com/entertainment/2011/09/06/soulja-boy-apologizes-after-members-armed-forces-slam-his-anti-military-song/#ixzz1XOWi2ZO3|title=Soulja Boy Apologizes After Members of Armed Forces Slam His Anti-Military Song|date=September 6, 2011|accessdate=September 8, 2011|work=FoxNews|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110907080808/http://www.foxnews.com/entertainment/2011/09/06/soulja-boy-apologizes-after-members-armed-forces-slam-his-anti-military-song/#ixzz1XOWi2ZO3|archive-date=September 7, 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mgbe e wepụtachara egwu ahụ, ndị agha na ezinụlọ ha katọrọ Way, ọkachasị n'ihe gbasara oge n'ihe metụtara ncheta afọ 10 nke [[Mwakpo September 11|mwakpo 9/11]] . <ref>WPGC radio personality Sunni said, "Wow! Soulja Boy is a mess! With the 10th Anniversary of the 9/11 attacks fast approaching, he released a song in which he disses the FBI and the U.S. troops. I find it extremely disrespectful since the families are still in mourning over the loss of their loved ones. What a dummy!"{{Cite web|url=http://wpgc.radio.com/2011/09/05/smh-soulja-boy-says-fck-the-troops-just-days-before-911-anniversary/#ixzz1Xl1i5xew|title=SMH! Soulja Boy Says F*ck The Troops, Just Days Before 9/11 Anniversary|author=Sunni|publisher=WPGC Radio|accessdate=September 12, 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120326162230/http://wpgc.radio.com/2011/09/05/smh-soulja-boy-says-fck-the-troops-just-days-before-911-anniversary/#ixzz1Xl1i5xew|archivedate=March 26, 2012}}</ref> <ref>"Soulja Boy and his camp are doing their damnedest to do some serious damage control after the swag rapper infuriated American military personnel with his ill-timed release of "Let's Be Real" during the week leading up to the tenth anniversary of the September 11, 2001 attacks."{{Cite web|url=http://www.sputnikmusic.com/news.php?newsid=19271|title=Soulja Boy Apologizes for Anti-Military Lyrics|author=Jom (staff writer)|date=September 10, 2011|accessdate=September 12, 2011|publisher=SputnikMusic}}</ref> Way rịọrọ mgbaghara, "Mgbe m gosipụtara iwe m na ndị agha US, ọ bụghị nanị na okwu m pụtara na-ezighị ezi, m na-ezighị ezi ọbụna ikwu ha." Ọ gbakwụnyere, "Ya mere, m na-ede nke a ka m rịọ mgbaghara m n'ezie nye ndị niile so na ndị agha United States, yana ezinụlọ ha nke kpasuru iwe site na egwu m kacha ọhụrụ." <ref name="army" /> Ndị nnọchi anya ụzọ gosiri na ewepụrụ egwu ahụ na ọba egwu ya na-abịa, ''Nkwa'', na ọ gaghị adị maka ire ere. Ha na-agbalịkwa iwepụ vidiyo na ịntanetị. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/soulja-boy-removes-lets-be-real-diss-from-album-231907|title=Soulja Boy Removes Controversial Anti-Military Song From New Album|author=Powers|first=Lindsey|date=September 8, 2011|accessdate=September 8, 2011|publisher=Hollywood reporter}}</ref> == Ihe nrite na nhọpụta == * Ihe nrite BET ** 2007: Kachasị mma New Artist (Nhoputa) ** 2008: Ihe nrite Nhọrọ nke onye na-ekiri: " Crank That (Soulja Boy) " (Nhọpụta) ** 2009: Ihe nrite Nhọrọ nke Onye nlele: " Kiss Me Thru the Phone " (Nhọpụtara) * BET Hip-Hop Awards ** '''2007: Egwuregwu Hip-Hop kacha mma (Emeri)''' * BET Social Awards ** '''2019: Ihe nrite enwetara n'ọha (Emeri)''' <ref>{{Cite web|title=BET Social Awards|url=https://www.bet.com/shows/social-awards.html|work=bet.com|publisher=BET|accessdate=August 25, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331020537/https://www.bet.com/shows/social-awards.html|archive-date=March 31, 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Grammy Awards ** 2008: Best Rap Song: "Crank That (Soulja Boy)" (Nominated) * Ozone Awards ** '''2007: Jiri ndidi na-echere: Mississippi (Emeri)''' ** 2008: Onye nka nka kacha mma (a họpụtara) ** 2008: TJ's DJ's Tastemaker Award (Nhọpụtara) * Nickelodeon Kids Choice Awards ** 2007: Nwoke na-abụ abụ ọkacha mmasị (ahapụtara) * Teen Choice Awards ** 2009: Egwu Nhọrọ: Rap Artist (Ahọpụtara ya) ** 2009: Egwu Nhọrọ: R&B Track maka "Kiss Me Thru the Phone" (Nhọpụtara) ** 2009: Egwu Nhọrọ: Kpọkọtanụ maka "Kiss Me Thru the Phone" (Nhọrọ) ** 2009: Nhọrọ Egwu: Onye Omenkà (Ahọpụtara) == Hụkwa == * Ndepụta ndị na-ese ihe ruru nke mbụ na United States == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * {{IMDb name|2797293}} * [https://www.youtube.com/user/SouljaBoyTellemVEVO Soulja Boy] on [[YouTube]] [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] c6647p39e2bjd477usef2xoo3pctpr3 0 47870 736875 706399 2026-10-08T15:34:59Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 736875 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}  '''Melanie Adams''' (amụrụ 1969) bụ onye nkuzi America na onye nchịkwa ihe ngosi nka. Ọ bụ onye nduzi nke Anacostia Community Museum na [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]], otu ngalaba nke Smithsonian Institution, ma kpọkwara ya onye isi nwa oge nke Smithsonian American Women's History Museum na-emepe na July 2023. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Director of New Women's History Museum Withdraws, Citing Family Issues|author=Jacobs|first=Julia|date=5 Jul 2023|work=[[Washington Post]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/07/05/arts/design/director-smithsonian-womens-history-withdraws.html}}</ref> == Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ == A mụrụ Melanie A. Adams na 1969, ada nke onye nkuzi na onye na-agụ akwụkwọ, na ọ tolitere na East Hanover, New Jersey . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Adams, Melanie A, 1969-|url=https://lccn.loc.gov/n2017035812|work=Library of Congress Authorities|accessdate=10 November 2019}}</ref> <ref name="Peterson2009">{{Cite news|author=Peterson|first=Deb|title=History Museum director relishes role with St. Louis Public Schools|url=https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/history-museum-director-relishes-role-with-st-louis-public-schools/article_3e4ac2fd-1006-50d4-9e06-3a14fe1fa8a5.html|accessdate=10 November 2019|work=St. Louis Post-Dispatch|date=20 December 2009}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFPeterson2009">Peterson, Deb (20 December 2009). [https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/history-museum-director-relishes-role-with-st-louis-public-schools/article_3e4ac2fd-1006-50d4-9e06-3a14fe1fa8a5.html "History Museum director relishes role with St. Louis Public Schools"]. ''St. Louis Post-Dispatch''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite></ref> Adams nwetara nzere bachelọ nke Arts na Bekee na ọmụmụ African-American site na Mahadum Virginia. <ref name="McGlone">{{Cite news|author=McGlone|first=Peggy|title=Minnesota Historical Society deputy chosen to lead Anacostia Museum|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/museums/minnesota-historical-society-deputy-chosen-to-lead-anacostia-museum/2019/05/23/1a9a4f7c-7d49-11e9-a66c-d36e482aa873_story.html|accessdate=10 November 2019|work=Washington Post|date=23 May 2019}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFMcGlone2019">McGlone, Peggy (23 May 2019). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/museums/minnesota-historical-society-deputy-chosen-to-lead-anacostia-museum/2019/05/23/1a9a4f7c-7d49-11e9-a66c-d36e482aa873_story.html "Minnesota Historical Society deputy chosen to lead Anacostia Museum"]. ''Washington Post''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite></ref> Ọ gara n'ihu nweta akara ugo mmụta Master of Education na Mahadum Vermont yana nzere doctorate na ndu mmụta na ọmụmụ amụma na Mahadum Missouri – St. Louis. <ref name="SIArchives"/> Akpọrọ akwụkwọ nzere doctoral ya nke afọ 2014 "Ịkwado maka ịha nhatanha: African American Citizens' Councils na St. Louis, Missouri site na 1864 ruo 1927". <ref name="UMSL2019">{{Cite news|author=Morrison|first=David|title=Alumna Melanie Adams brings UMSL experience to new role as director of Anacostia museum|url=https://blogs.umsl.edu/news/2019/06/24/melanie-adams/|accessdate=10 November 2019|work=UMSL Daily|date=24 June 2019}}</ref> == Ọrụ ọkachamara == Adams malitere ọrụ ya na agụmakwụkwọ ka elu na-arụ ọrụ na ihe gbasara ụmụ akwụkwọ na Mahadum California-Berkeley na California State University-Northridge . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Faculty|url=https://hsph.design.umn.edu/faculty.html|work=University of Minnesota Master of Science in Historic Preservation|accessdate=10 November 2019|archivedate=10 November 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191110015447/https://hsph.design.umn.edu/faculty.html}}</ref> Adams kwagara St. Louis, Missouri na 1997 ka enyechara ya ọkwa n'ihe gbasara ụmụ akwụkwọ na Mahadum Washington. <ref name="Peterson2009"/> Site na 2002 ruo 2003, Adams jere ozi dị ka onye isi nchịkwa maka ụlọ ọrụ St. Louis nke Teach for America . <ref name="Peterson2009" /> Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye ndụmọdụ maka òtù obodo ruo 2005, mgbe ọ ghọrọ onye isi nchịkwa maka agụmakwụkwọ obodo na ihe omume na Missouri History Museum ; <ref name="Peterson2009" /> ọ rụrụ ọrụ maka Missouri Historical Society ruo 2016. <ref name="Crouch2016">{{Cite news|author=Crouch|first=Elisa|title=Melanie Adams resigns from St. Louis district's Special Administrative Board|url=https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/education/melanie-adams-resigns-from-st-louis-district-s-special-administrative/article_7b9d06ee-cfd7-5106-9412-e553dd69b208.html|accessdate=10 November 2019|work=St. Louis Post-Dispatch|date=22 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191110015444/https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/education/melanie-adams-resigns-from-st-louis-district-s-special-administrative/article_7b9d06ee-cfd7-5106-9412-e553dd69b208.html|archive-date=10 November 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ọ sonyeere Minnesota Historical Society dị ka osote onye isi na 2016. <ref name="McGlone"/> O wetara mbọ itinye aka na obodo ya iji mepụta ngalaba mgbasa ozi obodo iji wulite mmekọrịta ya na ndị obodo n'ime saịtị na ụlọ ngosi ihe mgbe ochie 26 nke Society. <ref name="SIArchives"/> Adams ghọrọ onye isi nke Anacostia Community Museum na Ọgọstụ 2019, na-achọ imepụta mmekọrịta dabere na obodo na ọrụ ahụ. <ref name="SIArchives">{{Cite web|title=Melanie Adams Appointed Director of Anacostia Museum|url=https://siarchives.si.edu/collections/siris_sic_14932|work=Smithsonian Institution Archives|accessdate=10 November 2019|date=23 May 2019}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://siarchives.si.edu/collections/siris_sic_14932 "Melanie Adams Appointed Director of Anacostia Museum"]. ''Smithsonian Institution Archives''. 23 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite news|author=Kaplan|first=Joshua|title=New Anacostia Community Museum Director Melanie Adams Talks About the Institution's Place in a Changing City|url=https://www.washingtoncitypaper.com/arts/museums-galleries/article/21091954/new-anacostia-community-museum-director-melanie-adams-talks-about-the-institutions-place-in-a-changing-city|accessdate=10 November 2019|work=Washington City Paper}}</ref> == Ọkachamara ndu == A họpụtara ya na St. Louis Public Schools Special Administrative Board na 2007, na-arụ ọrụ na ndị obodo iji nwetaghachi nzere ntozu maka mpaghara ahụ. <ref name="McNeir2019">{{Cite news|author=McNeir|first=D. Kevin|title=Melanie Adams Assumes the Helm at Anacostia Community Museum|url=https://washingtoninformer.com/melanie-adams-assumes-the-helm-at-anacostia-community-museum/|accessdate=10 November 2019|work=Washington Informer|date=2 October 2019}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFMcNeir2019">McNeir, D. Kevin (2 October 2019). [https://washingtoninformer.com/melanie-adams-assumes-the-helm-at-anacostia-community-museum/ "Melanie Adams Assumes the Helm at Anacostia Community Museum"]. ''Washington Informer''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite></ref> O jere ozi n'ọrụ ahụ afọ itoolu. <ref name="Crouch2016"/> Ọ jere ozi dịka onye isi oche nke Association of Midwest Museums site na 2014 ruo 2016. <ref name="SIArchives"/> Adams bụ ugbu a onye otu ndị isi oche nke American Association for State and Local History . <ref name="SIArchives"/> == Ihe nrite ama ama == * Louis NAACP 100 Onye ndu obodo, 2009 <ref name="McNeir2019"/> * Ụlọ ọrụ Royal Vagabonds St. Louis Trailblazer pụrụ iche, 2014 <ref name="McNeir2019" /> == Akwụkwọ akụkọ == * {{Cite book|author=Doyle|first=Amanda E.|title=Standing up for civil rights in St. Louis|url=https://archive.org/details/standingupforciv0000aman|date=2017|publisher=Missouri History Museum Press|location=St Louis|isbn=9781883982911|oclc=979567909}} == Ntụaka == onye isi na 2016. O wetara mbọ itinye aka na obodo ya iji mepụta ngalaba mgbasa ozi obodo iji wulite mmekọrịta ya na ndị obodo n'ime saịtị na ụlọ ngosi ihe {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 9jw86888p560h9g8pyw36qto6lac6ck 0 48504 736858 588997 2026-10-08T12:05:32Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 736858 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Lurma M. Rackley''' (amuru Eprel 24, 1949) <ref name="HighbeamWho">[https://web.archive.org/web/20121106044836/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G2-2509914820.html ''Who's Who Among African Americans''] (January 1, 2009). Retrieved June 11, 2011.</ref> bu onye odee America, odeakụkọ na onye mgbasa ozi. Nwa nwanyị nke onye na-akwado ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ, o sonyere na ngosi ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ ma jide ya ugboro 16 tupu ọ dị afọ 13. Mgbe mahadum gasịrị, ọ ghọrọ onye nta akụkọ ma mesịa bụrụ onye mgbasa ozi na gọọmentị obodo Washington, DC. Na 1981, Petey Greene gwara ya ka ya na ya rụkọọ ọrụ na akụkọ ndụ ya, na-edekọ ajụjụ ọnụ a na-egere egere ya na ya obere oge tupu ọnwụ ya. Rackley bipụtara akwụkwọ ya gbasara Greene na 2004. == Akụkọ ndụ == Rackley bụ ada nke onye na-akwado ikike obodo Gloria Blackwell . Nne ya na nna ya gbara alụkwaghịm mgbe ya na nwanne ya nwanyị ka dị obere ma bụrụ ndị di nke abụọ nke nne ya, Larney G. Rackley, onye prọfesọ na South Carolina State University nabatara ya. Ya na nne ya na-arụ ọrụ na Orangeburg, South Carolina n'oge Civil Rights Movement, e jidere Rackley ugboro iri na isii site na afọ 13. <ref name="histmakr">[https://web.archive.org/web/20120129021219/http://www.thehistorymakers.com/biography/biography.asp?bioindex=1283&category=Civicmakers "Gloria Blackwell (Rackley) Biography"] The History Makers. Retrieved June 3, 2011.</ref> N'otu oge, ya na nne ya funahụrụ n'ụlọikpe mgbe ha na-eji ụlọ mposi "ndị ọcha naanị" n'ụlọ ikpe wee jide ha. <ref name="histmakr" /> Ọ bụ ezie na nwa akwụkwọ na-asọpụrụ, <ref name="histmakr" /> mgbe ọ dị afọ 14, a mara ya ikpe afọ asaa na ụlọ akwụkwọ mgbanwe <ref name="tandd">Richard Reid, [https://web.archive.org/web/20190727045943/https://thetandd.com/article_356cbc9e-3e10-11e0-883e-001cc4c03286.html "The Gloria Rackley-Blackwell story"] ''The Times and Democrat'', (February 22, 2011). Retrieved June 3, 2011.</ref> n'ihi ọtụtụ njide ya dịka akụkụ nke Orangeburg Freedom Movement. Matthew J. Perry, bụ́ onye ọka iwu mgbe ahụ, tinyere akwụkwọ ikpe ahụ ma kweta ka a tọhapụ ya. <ref name="tandd" /> Mgbe egwu ya na ụlọ akwụkwọ ndozigharị, nne Rackley chọrọ ka ọ kwụsị ime ngagharị iwe, mana Rackley jụrụ. Ọ gwara nne ya na ya agaghị akwụsị mgbe ndị ọzọ na-etinye onwe ha n'ahịrị, n'ihi ya, ha kwekọrịtara na ha agaghị ekweta ma ọ bụrụ na onye nke ọzọ nọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ. <ref name="claflin">Carolyn Click, [https://web.archive.org/web/20120310072435/http://www.claflin.edu/News/templates/Claflin-Full-Article.aspx?articleid=884&zoneid=1 "Orangeburg civil rights icon, and Claflin alumna Dr. Gloria Rackley Blackwell dies"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929183039/http://www.claflin.edu/News/templates/Claflin-Full-Article.aspx?articleid=884&zoneid=1 |date=September 29, 2011 }}, [[Claflin University]] (December 10, 2010). Retrieved June 2, 2011.</ref> Rackley nwetara nzere bachelọ nke Arts site na Clark College, ugbu a Mahadum Clark Atlanta na 1970 yana nzere Masters pụrụ iche site na Mahadum Columbia University School of Journalism n'otu afọ ahụ. <ref name="whoswho">[https://web.archive.org/web/20121106044836/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G2-2509914820.html Lurma M. Rackley] ''Who's Who Among African Americans'' (2009). Retrieved June 2, 2011.</ref> Ọ nwetara ọrụ mbụ ya ka ọ gachara mahadum na ngwụcha 1970 na ''The Evening Star'', nke mechara bụrụ ''The Washington Star'' . <ref name="interview">Amanda Miller Littlejohn, [http://www.millerlittlejohnmedia.com/2009/04/02/test-drive-my-job-lurma-rackley/#more-447 "Test Drive My Job: Seasoned Media Professional Lurma Rackley"] Mopwater PR + Media Notes (April 2, 2009). Retrieved June 2. 2011.</ref> N'afọ 1979, ọ hapụrụ ịrụ ọrụ maka gọọmentị obodo na Washington, DC, mechaa bụrụ odeakwụkwọ mgbasa ozi maka [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]] onyeisi obodo Marion Barry <ref name="washcity">Amanda S. Miller, [http://www.washingtoncitypaper.com/articles/2222/talk-to-her "Talk to Me"] ''Washington City Paper'' (August 3, 2007). Retrieved June 2, 2011.</ref> n'oge ụfọdụ mgba ọha Barry. Na 1981, a gwara Rackley ka o dee akụkọ banyere Greene maka Washington ''North Star'' . Mgbe ajụjụ ọnụ ahụ gasịrị, Greene gwara ya banyere imekọrịta ya na ya iji dee akụkọ ndụ ya. <ref name="washcity"/> N'ime otu afọ, ha dekọrọ ajụjụ ọnụ a na-egere egere ruo mgbe Greene dara ọrịa na-egbu egbu. <ref name="washcity" /> Mgbe Greene nwụsịrị, mmasị ibipụta akwụkwọ ahụ ebelatala. Rackley mechara bipụta ya n'onwe ya na 2004. <ref name="washcity" /> Mgbe afọ iri na otu na-arụ ọrụ maka obodo ahụ, Rackley hapụrụ ịrụ ọrụ maka Hill na Knowlton, ụlọ ọrụ mmekọrịta ọha na eze, ebe ọ bụ osote onye isi oche na-ahụ maka mmekọrịta mgbasa ozi. <ref name="whoswho"/> Mgbe afọ abụọ gachara, ọ hapụrụ isi na ngalaba nkwukọrịta nke Amnesty International USA . Ọ na-arụ ọrụ na Eddie Bauer, bụ ebe o guzobere ngalaba ọrụ mmekọrịta ha na ụlọ ọrụ ha. O wee sonye na CARE, ebe ọ bụ onye isi mmekọrịta mgbasa ozi. <ref name="interview"/> Ọ na-arụ ọrụ ugbu a maka Habitat for Humanity na dịka onye edemede nweere onwe ya. == Akwụkwọ == * Kenneth Walker, Earl Caldwell, Lurma Rackley, ''Onye akaebe Black America: Akụkọ sitere na Front'' (1994). Ụlọ obibi Lion. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/1-886446-10-5|1-886446-10-5]] * Lurma Rackley, ''Ọchị Ọ bụrụ na-amasị gị, Ọ bụghị ihe jọgburu onwe ya: Akụkọ ndụ nke Ralph "Petey" Greene dị ka a gwara Lurma Rackley'' (2004), Xlibris  ( onwe-ebipụta ) == Ntụaka == {{Reflist|30em}} * Foto nke Cecil Williams, [https://web.archive.org/web/20110726110708/http://www.knowitall.org/roadtrip/cr-html/facts/photos/photo-result.cfm?id=36&type=search&LocationID=0 Lurma Rackley na nne ya, Gloria Blackwell, na 1963], Njem okporo ụzọ! Foto ndị ikike obodo Orangeburg. eweghachiri June 6, 2011 [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] t5xrvo9f1vxg43nf41wg3xj31pzumj0 0 54180 736872 726169 2026-10-08T14:34:41Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 736872 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:Martha_Cartmell_as_a_young_woman.jpg|thumb|Martha Cartmell]] '''Martha Julia Cartmell ( Disemba 14, 1845; Maachị 20, 1945) bụ onye Canada Methodist/United Church onye ozi ala ọzọ na onye nkuzi na Japan. Ọ tọrọ ntọala ụlọ akwụkwọ Toyo Eiwa Jogakuin na 1884 nke gụnyere Mahadum Toyo Eiwa ugbu a.''' == Ndụ == Nwa nwanyị nke James Cartmell, onye na-egbutu nkume, na nwunye ya Sarah, a mụrụ ya na Thorold <ref name="niagara">{{Cite news|url=https://www.niagarathisweek.com/community-story/3272116-donated-trees-to-honour-martha-cartmell/|title=Donated trees to honour Martha Cartmell|work=Niagara Today|date=May 20, 2013|archive-date=May 11, 2021|access-date=October 23, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511103227/https://www.niagarathisweek.com/community-story/3272116-donated-trees-to-honour-martha-cartmell/|url-status=dead}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://web.archive.org/web/20210511103227/https://www.niagarathisweek.com/community-story/3272116-donated-trees-to-honour-martha-cartmell/ "Donated trees to honour Martha Cartmell"]. ''Niagara Today''. May 20, 2013.</cite></ref> ma gụọ akwụkwọ na Hamilton na Toronto. Nne ya nwụrụ mgbe ọ dị afọ ise. Cartmell ghọrọ onye ozi ala ọzọ wee hapụ San Francisco gaa Japan na 1882 wee guzobe ụlọ akwụkwọ Ndị Kraịst maka ụmụ agbọghọ, Toyo Eiwa Jogakuin, afọ abụọ ka e mesịrị <ref name="niagara" /> na Roppongi . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.toyoeiwa.ac.jp/english/history/index.html|title=History : Toyo Eiwa Jogakuin.|work=www.toyoeiwa.ac.jp|accessdate=2019-07-15}}</ref> A manyere Cartmell ịgba arụkwaghịm n'ihi ọrịa ahụ́ ike na 1887. Ọ gbakere na Canada, na-arụ ọrụ na General Mission na Victoria, British Columbia site na 1890 ruo 1892, ma laghachi Tokyo. Mgbe afọ anọ ọzọ na Japan gasịrị, ọ laghachiri Canada na 1896 wee soro ndị Japan rụkọọ ọrụ na General Mission na Victoria afọ abụọ ọzọ tupu ọ laa ezumike nka na 1898. <ref name="niagara" /><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.archeion.ca/martha-j-cartmell-and-elizabeth-strachan-fonds|title=Martha J. Cartmell and Elizabeth Strachan fonds}}</ref> Ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ toro ịgụnye Mahadum Toyo Eiwa. N'afọ 2013, ndị gụsịrị akwụkwọ na ụlọ akwụkwọ Toyo Eiwa nyere Hamilton na Thorold osisi cherry iji sọpụrụ ya.<ref name="niagara" /> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} idbeicv44i7coz2d00nmzbei27ihyou 0 54850 736870 734856 2026-10-08T14:10:58Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 736870 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Marilla Adams''' (1864 - Nọvemba 2, 1966) bụ onye Canada na-ese ihe. == Akụkọ ndụ == A mụrụ Adams na 1864 na Zorra, Canada West . <ref name="cwahi">{{Cite web|title=Adams, Marilla|url=https://cwahi.concordia.ca/sources/artists/displayArtist.php?ID_artist=5452|work=Artist Database|publisher=Canadian Women Artists History Initiative|accessdate=March 16, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150908000719/http://cwahi.concordia.ca/sources/artists/displayArtist.php?ID_artist=5452|archivedate=September 8, 2015}}</ref> Ọ gara [[St. Thomas, Ontario]])">Alma College, kọleji ụmụ nwanyị na St. Thomas, Ontario. N'ebe ahụ, ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ n'okpuru Frederic Marlett Bell-Smith tinyere Cornelia Saleno na Eva Brook Donly . <ref name="Reaney">{{Cite web|author=Reaney|first=James Stewart|title=My London: An exhibit marking Alma College’s contribution to the arts runs Sept. 9 to Dec. 20 {{!}} The London Free Press|url=https://lfpress.com/2013/08/28/my-london-an-exhibit-marking-alma-colleges-contribution-to-the-arts-runs-sept-9-to-dec-20/wcm/02a0af3a-d96a-d3bb-c68a-97bb077ffb9a|work=The London Free Press|accessdate=March 16, 2019|language=en|date=August 28, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190717215517/https://lfpress.com/2013/08/28/my-london-an-exhibit-marking-alma-colleges-contribution-to-the-arts-runs-sept-9-to-dec-20/wcm/02a0af3a-d96a-d3bb-c68a-97bb077ffb9a|archive-date=July 17, 2019|url-status=dead}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFReaney2013">Reaney, James Stewart (August 28, 2013). . ''The London Free Press''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 16,</span> 2019</span>.</cite></ref> Ọ gara n'ihu na agụmakwụkwọ ya na Ontario School of Art, School of Design na New York, na Art Association of Montreal . <ref name="cwahi" /> Adams kụziri ihe ruo oge ụfọdụ na Simpson College na Indianola, Iowa, tupu ọ gaa Europe. Na mbido Agha Ụwa Mbụ, ọ laghachiri Canada.Ọ gara biri na Montréal, Quebec, ebe ọ kụziri ndị agha merụrụ ahụ ịkpa ákwà na ịkpụ osisi.[1] Na Jenụwarị 1926, ọ tụlere ọrụ nke òtù ọrụ ebere n'obodo ahụ, ma kwuo okwu n'aha ndị ọ chere na ha mere nke ọma iji "ibelata nkwarụ nke ndị ọ na-enweghị ike.".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/29795384/gave_address_on_underprivileged/|title=Gave Address on Underprivileged|work=[[Montreal Gazette]]|date=January 11, 1926|accessdate=March 22, 2019|author=<!--staff writers; no by-line-->}}</ref> Ọ nwụrụ na Montreal na Nọvemba 2, 1966. <ref name="Artists in Canada">{{Cite web|title=Adams, Marilla|url=https://app.pch.gc.ca/application/aac-aic/artiste_detailler_av-artist_detail_adv.app?lang=en&qlang=fr&rID=49&pID=4&fID=2&sf1=BP&con1=AND&sf2=DP&con2=AND&mcon=AND&msf=ARRF&dsf=BDATE&dcp=EQUALS&flcon=AND&flcp1=GREATER_OR_EQUAL&flcp2=LESS_OR_EQUAL&dcon=AND&scon=AND&acon=AND&ccon=AND&tcon=AND&fcon=AND&ncp=EQUALS&sort=AM_ASC&ps=50&|work=Artists in Canada|publisher=Government of Canada|accessdate=March 16, 2019|language=en}}</ref> [[Usòrò:Frederic_Martlett_Bell-Smith-Three_Artists,_c._1883.jpg|alt=Three attentive women in an artists studio, one painting on a canvas as the others observe|thumb|350x350px|Adams (center) in ''Three Artists'' by Frederic Marlett Bell-Smith, {{circa|1883}}, which depicts three of Bell-Smith's students at Alma College.<ref name="Reaney" />]] == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} qopnj007946rlmgvzd6n0234lnna928 0 57586 736877 597061 2026-10-08T17:47:41Z Nabin K. Sapkota 67044 736877 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Sunita Dangol - Wikisource Loves Manuscripts in Nepal 2026 14e7.jpg|thumb|Sunita Dangol at an event.]] Sunita Dangol ( , amụrụ 18 Mee 1993[1] ) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Nepalese, onye nchekwa ihe nketa Newa, onye na-akwado asụsụ, na ọkachamara mgbasa ozi.[2]  Ọ na-eje ozi ugbu a dị ka osote onye isi obodo Kathmandu metropolitan, isi obodo Nepal.  Ọ malitere ọrụ na 30 Mee 2022, yana onye isi obodo Balendra Shah.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Ojha|first=Anup|date=30 May 2022|title=Newly elected Kathmandu mayor, deputy mayor assume office|url=https://kathmandupost.com/kathmandu/2022/05/30/newly-elected-kathmandu-mayor-deputy-mayor-assume-office|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220530094218/https://kathmandupost.com/kathmandu/2022/05/30/newly-elected-kathmandu-mayor-deputy-mayor-assume-office|archivedate=30 May 2022|accessdate=1 June 2022|work=[[The Kathmandu Post]]|language=English}}</ref> == Akụkọ ndụ == A Game Dangol n' Kala Newari - nna Satu Dangol na nne Sangita Dangol na Kathmandu, Nepal.[1]  N'afọ 2011, ọ eri Miss Newa.<ref>{{Cite web|author=राई|first=विवेक|date=4 August 2022|title='मिस नेवा २०११' सुनिता डंगोल किन उठ्दैछिन् काठमाडौंकी मेयर? (भिडिओ)|url=https://www.setopati.com/multimedia/267037/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526115833/https://www.setopati.com/multimedia/267037|archivedate=26 May 2022|accessdate=1 June 2022|work=Setopati|language=ne}}</ref> Tupu a họpụta ya dị ka osote onye isi obodo Kathmandu, ọ na-arụsi ọrụ ike dị ka onye na-echekwa ihe nketa Newa na onye na-eme ihe odide ụmụ amaala (Ranjana).). <ref>{{Cite web|author=Bajracharya|first=Nasana|date=12 December 2020|title=Sunita Dangol: The face of popular one-minute Nepal Bhasa tutorials|url=https://english.onlinekhabar.com/sunita-dangol-the-face-of-popular-one-minute-nepal-bhasa-tutorials.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220317223744/https://english.onlinekhabar.com/sunita-dangol-the-face-of-popular-one-minute-nepal-bhasa-tutorials.html|archivedate=17 March 2022|accessdate=1 June 2022|work=[[Online Khabar]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> == Ntuli aka ime obodo Kathmandu nke 2022 == Dangol bu ụzọ pụta na ọ bụ onye na-azọ ọkwa onye isi obodo dị ka onye na-achọ onwe ya maka ime obodo Kathmandu nke afọ 2022. [1] Otú ọ dị, ọ sonyeere CPN (UML) wee sòo mpi maka ọkwa osote onye isi obodo na Keshav Sthapit na ɔkwa onye isi obodo.[2]  A mgba ya na vootu 68,612 ebe Rameshwar Shrestha nke ndị otu Unified Socialists ikike vootu 23,806.<ref name="voter">{{Cite web|date=27 March 2022|title=प्रेस विज्ञप्ति|url=https://election.gov.np/admin/public//storage/Local%20Election/Press%20Release/Press%20Release.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526190229/https://election.gov.np/admin/public//storage/Local%20Election/Press%20Release/Press%20Release.pdf|archivedate=26 May 2022|accessdate=26 May 2022|work=[[Election Commission (Nepal)|Election Commission]]|language=ne}}</ref>{{Election box begin|title=Deputy mayoral elections result}} {{Election box winning candidate with party link|party=Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist)|candidate=Sunita Dangol|votes=68,612|percentage=53.2%|change=''New''}} {{Election box candidate with party link||party=Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Socialist)|candidate=Rameshwar Shrestha|votes=23,806. == Ihe odide == {{Reflist|colwidth=30em}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] lwsqa4awx85xz33jenox4vuvbyvbc83 828 64027 736876 689613 2026-10-08T16:35:13Z Grufo 27039 Update from [[d:Special:GoToLinkedPage/mediawikiwiki/Q122696746|master]] using [[mw:Synchronizer| #Synchronizer]] 736876 Scribunto text/plain require[[strict]] --- --- --- PRIVATE ENVIRONMENT --- --- ________________________________ --- --- --- --[[ Abstract utilities ]]-- ---------------------------- -- Helper function for `string.gsub()` (for managing zero-padded numbers) local function zero_padded (str) return ('%03d%s'):format(#str, str) end -- Helper function for `table.sort()` (for natural sorting) local function natural_sort (var1, var2) return var1:gsub('%d+', zero_padded) < var2:gsub('%d+', zero_padded) end -- Return a copy or a reference to a table local function copy_or_ref_table (src, refonly) if refonly then return src end local newtab = {} for key, val in pairs(src) do newtab[key] = val end return newtab end -- Copy at most N items (of all kinds) from `src` to `dest` and return `dest` local function copy_table_maxn (dest, src, len) local idx = 1 for key, val in pairs(src) do dest[key], idx = val, idx + 1 if idx > len then break end end return dest end -- Remove some numeric elements from a table, shifting everything to the left local function remove_numeric_keys (tbl, idx, len) local cache, tmp = {}, idx + len - 1 for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' and key >= idx then if key > tmp then cache[key - len] = val end tbl[key] = nil end end for key, val in pairs(cache) do tbl[key] = val end end -- Make a reduced copy of a table (shifting in both directions if necessary) local function copy_table_reduced (tbl, idx, len) local ret, tmp = {}, idx + len - 1 if idx > 0 then for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) ~= 'number' or key < idx then ret[key] = val elseif key > tmp then ret[key - len] = val end end elseif tmp > 0 then local nshift = 1 - idx for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) ~= 'number' then ret[key] = val elseif key > tmp then ret[key - tmp] = val elseif key < idx then ret[key + nshift] = val end end else for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) ~= 'number' or key > tmp then ret[key] = val elseif key < idx then ret[key + len] = val end end end return ret end -- Make an expanded copy of a table (shifting in both directions if necessary) local function copy_table_expanded (tbl, idx, len) local ret, tmp = {}, idx + len - 1 if idx > 0 then for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) ~= 'number' or key < idx then ret[key] = val else ret[key + len] = val end end elseif tmp > 0 then local nshift = idx - 1 for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) ~= 'number' then ret[key] = val elseif key > 0 then ret[key + tmp] = val elseif key < 1 then ret[key + nshift] = val end end else for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) ~= 'number' or key > tmp then ret[key] = val else ret[key - len] = val end end end return ret end -- Given a table, create two new tables containing the sorted list of keys local function get_key_list_sorted (tbl, sort_fn) local nums, words, nn, nw = {}, {}, 0, 0 for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' then nn = nn + 1 nums[nn] = key else nw = nw + 1 words[nw] = key end end table.sort(nums) table.sort(words, sort_fn) return nums, words, nn, nw end -- Parse a parameter name string and return it as a string or a number local function get_parameter_name (par_str) local ret = par_str:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' if ret ~= '0' and ret:find'^%-?[1-9]%d*$' == nil then return ret end return tonumber(ret) end -- Move a key from a table to another, but only if under a different name and -- always parsing numeric strings as numbers local function steal_if_renamed (val, src, skey, dest, dkey) local realkey = get_parameter_name(dkey) if skey ~= realkey then dest[realkey], src[skey] = val, nil end end --[[ Public strings ]]-- ------------------------ -- Special match keywords (functions and modifiers MUST avoid these names) local mkeywords = { ['or'] = 0, pattern = 1, plain = 2, strict = 3 } -- Sort functions (functions and modifiers MUST avoid these names) local sortfunctions = { alphabetically = false, naturally = natural_sort } -- Callback styles for the `mapping_*` and `renaming_*` class of modifiers -- (functions and modifiers MUST avoid these names) --[[ Meanings of the columns: col[1] = Loop type (0-3) col[2] = Number of module arguments that the style requires (1-3) col[3] = Minimum number of sequential parameters passed to the callback col[4] = Name of the callback parameter where to place each parameter name col[5] = Name of the callback parameter where to place each parameter value col[6] = Argument in the modifier's invocation that will override `col[4]` col[7] = Argument in the modifier's invocation that will override `col[5]` A value of `-1` indicates that no meaningful value is stored (i.e. `nil`) ]]-- local mapping_styles = { names_and_values = { 3, 2, 2, 1, 2, -1, -1 }, values_and_names = { 3, 2, 2, 2, 1, -1, -1 }, values_only = { 1, 2, 1, -1, 1, -1, -1 }, names_only = { 2, 2, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1 }, names_and_values_as = { 3, 4, 0, -1, -1, 2, 3 }, names_only_as = { 2, 3, 0, -1, -1, 2, -1 }, values_only_as = { 1, 3, 0, -1, -1, -1, 2 }, blindly = { 0, 2, 0, -1, -1, -1, -1 } } -- Memory slots (functions and modifiers MUST avoid these names) local memoryslots = { h = 'header', f = 'footer', i = 'itersep', l = 'lastsep', n = 'ifngiven', p = 'pairsep', s = 'oxfordsep' } -- Possible trimming modes for the `parsing` modifier local trim_parse_opts = { trim_none = { false, false }, trim_positional = { false, true }, trim_named = { true, false }, trim_all = { true, true } } -- Possible string modes for the iteration separator in the `parsing` and -- `reinterpreting` modifiers local isep_parse_opts = { splitter_pattern = false, splitter_string = true } -- Possible string modes for the key-value separator in the `parsing` and -- `reinterpreting` modifiers local psep_parse_opts = { setter_pattern = false, setter_string = true } -- Possible position references for the `splicing` modifier local position_references = { add_nothing = 0, add_smallest_number = 1, add_last_of_sequence = 2, add_largest_number = 3 } -- Possible modes for the `reassigning` modifier local a_modes = { transfer = 0, clone = 1, rename = 2, copy = 3, sacrifice = 4, provide = 5, spare = 7 } -- Functions and modifiers MUST avoid these names too: `here`, `in_substack`, -- `let`, `expose`, `use`, `with_flushed_glue`, `without_flushed_glue` -- `without_sorting` --[[ Private constants ]]-- --------------------------- -- Hard-coded name of the module (to avoid going through `frame:getTitle()`) local modulename = 'Module:Params' -- The functions listed here declare that they don't need the `frame.args` -- metatable to be copied into a regular table; if they are modifiers they also -- guarantee that they will make their own (modified) copy available local refpipe = { call_for_each_group = true, --coins = true, count = true, evaluating = true, for_each = true, list = true, list_values = true, list_maybe_with_names = true, value_of = true } -- The functions listed here declare that they don't need the -- `frame:getParent().args` metatable to be copied into a regular table; if -- they are modifiers they also guarantee that they will make their own -- (modified) copy available local refparams = { call_for_each_group = true, combining = true, combining_by_calling = true, combining_values = true, concat_and_call = true, concat_and_invoke = true, concat_and_magic = true, count = true, grouping_by_calling = true, mixing_names_and_values = true, keeping_at_most = true, renaming_by_mixing = true, renaming_to_sequence = true, renaming_to_uppercase = true, renaming_to_lowercase = true, --renaming_to_values = true, shifting = true, splicing = true, --swapping_names_and_values = true, value_of = true, with_name_matching = true } -- Maximum number of numeric parameters that can be filled, if missing (we -- chose an arbitrary number for this constant; you can discuss about its -- optimal value at Module talk:Params) local maxfill = 1024 -- The private table of functions local library = {} -- Functions and modifiers that can only be invoked in first position local static_iface = {} --[[ Private functions ]]-- --------------------------- -- Create a new context local function context_new (child_frame) local main_frame = child_frame:getParent() return { frame = main_frame, opipe = child_frame.args, oparams = main_frame.args, firstposonly = static_iface, iterfunc = pairs, sorttype = 0, n_parents = 0, n_children = 0, n_available = maxfill } end -- Move to the next action within the user-given list local function context_iterate (ctx, n_forward) local nextfn if ctx.pipe[n_forward] ~= nil then nextfn = ctx.pipe[n_forward]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if nextfn == nil then error(modulename .. ': You must specify a function to call', 0) end if library[nextfn] == nil then if ctx.firstposonly[nextfn] == nil then error(modulename .. ': The function ‘' .. nextfn .. '’ does not exist', 0) else error(modulename .. ': The ‘' .. nextfn .. '’ directive can only appear in first position', 0) end end remove_numeric_keys(ctx.pipe, 1, n_forward) return library[nextfn] end -- Main loop local function main_loop (ctx, start_with) local fn = start_with repeat fn = fn(ctx) until not fn if ctx.n_parents > 0 then error(modulename .. ': One or more ‘merging_substack’ directives are missing', 0) end if ctx.n_children > 0 then error(modulename .. ', For some of the snapshots either the ‘flushing’ directive is missing or a group has not been properly closed with ‘merging_substack’', 0) end end -- Load a `setting`-like directive string into the `dest` table local function set_strings_from_opts (dest, opts, start_from) local cmd if opts[start_from] == nil then return start_from - 1 end cmd = opts[start_from]:gsub('%s+', ''):gsub('/+', '/') :match'^/*(.*[^/])' if cmd == nil then return start_from end local vname, chr local amap, sep, argc = {}, string.byte('/'), start_from + 1 for idx = 1, #cmd do chr = cmd:byte(idx) if chr == sep then for key, val in ipairs(amap) do dest[val], amap[key] = opts[argc], nil end argc = argc + 1 else vname = memoryslots[string.char(chr)] if vname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘setting’: Unknown slot ‘' .. string.char(chr) .. '’', 0) end table.insert(amap, vname) end end for key, val in ipairs(amap) do dest[val] = opts[argc] end return argc end -- Add a new stack of parameters to `ctx.children` local function new_substack (ctx) local currsnap, newparams = ctx.n_children + 1, {} if ctx.children == nil then ctx.children = { newparams } else ctx.children[currsnap] = newparams end ctx.n_children = currsnap return newparams end -- Parse a raw argument containing a `sortfunctions` directive, or -- `'without_sorting'`, or `nil` local function load_sort_opt (raw_arg) if raw_arg == nil then return nil, 1, false end local trarg = raw_arg:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' if trarg == 'without_sorting' then return nil, 2, false, trarg end local tmp = sortfunctions[trarg] if tmp == nil then return nil, 1, false, trarg end return tmp or nil, 2, true, trarg end -- Parse optional user arguments of type `...|[let/use]|[...]|[let/use]|[...]| -- [number of additional parameters]|[parameter 1]|[parameter 2]|[...]` local function load_child_opts (src, start_from, append_after, params) local tnamed, tmp1, tmp2 local pin, tbl, mem = start_from, {}, {} while src[pin] ~= nil and src[pin + 1] ~= nil do tmp1 = src[pin]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' if tmp1 == 'let' and src[pin + 2] ~= nil then tmp1 = get_parameter_name(src[pin + 1]) mem[tmp1], tbl[tmp1], pin = nil, src[pin + 2], pin + 3 --[[ elseif tmp1 == 'expose' then tmp1 = get_parameter_name(src[pin + 1]) tmp2 = params[tmp1] mem[tmp1], tbl[tmp1], pin = tmp2, tmp2, pin + 2 ]]-- elseif tmp1 == 'use' and src[pin + 2] ~= nil then tmp1 = get_parameter_name(src[pin + 2]) tmp2 = params[tmp1] mem[tmp1], tbl[get_parameter_name(src[pin + 1])], pin = tmp2, tmp2, pin + 3 else break end end local tnew = copy_or_ref_table(params, next(mem) == nil) for key in pairs(mem) do tnew[key] = nil end if pin ~= start_from then tnamed, tbl = tbl, {} end tmp1 = tonumber(src[pin]) if tmp1 ~= nil and math.floor(tmp1) == tmp1 then if tmp1 < 0 then tmp1 = -1 end tmp2 = append_after - pin for idx = pin + 1, pin + tmp1 do tbl[idx + tmp2] = src[idx] end pin = pin + tmp1 + 1 end if tnamed ~= nil then for key, val in pairs(tnamed) do tbl[key] = val end end return tbl, pin, tnew, mem end -- Load the optional arguments of some of the `mapping_*` and `renaming_*` -- class of modifiers local function load_callback_opts (src, n_skip, default_style, params) local style, shf local tmp = src[n_skip + 1] if tmp ~= nil then style = mapping_styles[tmp:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'] end if style == nil then style, shf = default_style, n_skip - 1 else shf = n_skip end local n_exist, karg, varg = style[3], style[4], style[5] tmp = style[6] if tmp > -1 then karg = src[tmp + shf]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' if karg == '0' or karg:find'^%-?[1-9]%d*$' ~= nil then karg = tonumber(karg) n_exist = math.max(n_exist, karg) end end tmp = style[7] if tmp > -1 then varg = src[tmp + shf]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' if varg == '0' or varg:find'^%-?[1-9]%d*$' ~= nil then varg = tonumber(varg) n_exist = math.max(n_exist, varg) end end local dest, argc, tnew, mem = load_child_opts(src, style[2] + shf, n_exist, params) tmp = style[1] if (tmp == 3 or tmp == 2) and dest[karg] ~= nil then tmp = tmp - 2 end if (tmp == 3 or tmp == 1) and dest[varg] ~= nil then tmp = tmp - 1 end return dest, argc, tmp, karg, varg, tnew, mem end -- Parse the arguments of some of the `mapping_*` and `renaming_*` class of -- modifiers local function load_replace_args (opts, whoami) if opts[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘' .. whoami .. '’: No pattern string was given', 0) end if opts[2] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘' .. whoami .. '’: No replacement string was given', 0) end local ptn, repl, nmax, argc = opts[1], opts[2], tonumber(opts[3]), 3 if nmax ~= nil or (opts[3] or ''):match'^%s*$' ~= nil then argc = 4 end local flg = opts[argc] if flg ~= nil then flg = mkeywords[flg:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'] end if flg == 0 then flg = nil elseif flg ~= nil then argc = argc + 1 end return ptn, repl, nmax, flg, argc, (nmax ~= nil and nmax < 1) or (flg == 3 and ptn == repl) end -- Parse the arguments of the `with_*_matching` class of modifiers local function load_pattern_args (opts, whoami) local keyw local ptns, state, nptns, cnt = {}, 0, 0, 1 for _, val in ipairs(opts) do if state == 0 then nptns, state = nptns + 1, -1 ptns[nptns] = { val, false, false } else keyw = val:match'^%s*(.*%S)' if keyw == nil or mkeywords[keyw] == nil or ( state > 0 and mkeywords[keyw] > 0 ) then break else state = mkeywords[keyw] if state > 1 then ptns[nptns][2] = true end if state == 3 then ptns[nptns][3] = true end end end cnt = cnt + 1 end if state == 0 then error(modulename .. ', ‘' .. whoami .. '’: No pattern was given', 0) end return ptns, nptns, cnt end -- Load the optional arguments of the `parsing`, `reinterpreting` and -- `evaluating` modifiers local function load_parse_opts (opts, start_from, isp, psp) local tmp local optslots, noptslots, argc, trimn, trimu, iplain, pplain = { true, true, true }, 3, start_from, true, false, true, true repeat noptslots, tmp = noptslots - 1, opts[argc] if tmp == nil then break end tmp = tmp:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' if optslots[1] ~= nil and trim_parse_opts[tmp] ~= nil then tmp = trim_parse_opts[tmp] trimn, trimu, optslots[1] = tmp[1], tmp[2], nil elseif optslots[2] ~= nil and isep_parse_opts[tmp] ~= nil then argc = argc + 1 iplain, isp, optslots[2] = isep_parse_opts[tmp], opts[argc], nil elseif optslots[3] ~= nil and psep_parse_opts[tmp] ~= nil then argc = argc + 1 pplain, psp, optslots[3] = psep_parse_opts[tmp], opts[argc], nil else break end argc = argc + 1 until noptslots < 1 return isp, iplain, psp, pplain, trimn, trimu, argc end -- Map parameters' values using a custom callback and a referenced table local value_maps = { [0] = function (tbl, margs, karg, varg, fn) for key in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = fn() end end, [1] = function (tbl, margs, karg, varg, fn) for key, val in pairs(tbl) do margs[varg] = val tbl[key] = fn() end end, [2] = function (tbl, margs, karg, varg, fn) for key in pairs(tbl) do margs[karg] = key tbl[key] = fn() end end, [3] = function (tbl, margs, karg, varg, fn) for key, val in pairs(tbl) do margs[karg], margs[varg] = key, val tbl[key] = fn() end end } -- Private table for `map_names()` local name_thieves = { [0] = function (cache, tbl, rargs, karg, varg, fn) for key, val in pairs(tbl) do steal_if_renamed(val, tbl, key, cache, fn()) end end, [1] = function (cache, tbl, rargs, karg, varg, fn) for key, val in pairs(tbl) do rargs[varg] = val steal_if_renamed(val, tbl, key, cache, fn()) end end, [2] = function (cache, tbl, rargs, karg, varg, fn) for key, val in pairs(tbl) do rargs[karg] = key steal_if_renamed(val, tbl, key, cache, fn()) end end, [3] = function (cache, tbl, rargs, karg, varg, fn) for key, val in pairs(tbl) do rargs[karg], rargs[varg] = key, val steal_if_renamed(val, tbl, key, cache, fn()) end end } -- Map parameters' names using a custom callback and a referenced table local function map_names (tbl, rargs, karg, varg, looptype, fn) local cache = {} name_thieves[looptype](cache, tbl, rargs, karg, varg, fn) for key, val in pairs(cache) do tbl[key] = val end end -- Return a new table that contains `src` regrouped according to the numeric -- suffixes in its keys local function make_groups (src) -- NOTE: `src` might be the original metatable! local prefix, gid local groups = {} for key, val in pairs(src) do -- `key` must only be a string or a number... if type(key) == 'string' then prefix, gid = key:match'^%s*(.-)%s*(%-?%d*)%s*$' gid = tonumber(gid) or '' else prefix, gid = '', key end if groups[gid] == nil then groups[gid] = {} end if prefix == '0' or prefix:find'^%-?[1-9]%d*$' ~= nil then prefix = tonumber(prefix) if prefix < 1 then prefix = prefix - 1 end end groups[gid][prefix] = val end return groups end -- Split into parts a string containing the `$#` and `$@` placeholders and -- return the information as a skeleton table, a canvas table and a length local function parse_placeholder_string (target) local idx, s_pos, skel, canvas = 1, 1, {}, {} local e_pos = string.find(target, '%$[@#]', 1, false) while e_pos ~= nil do canvas[idx] = target:sub(s_pos, e_pos - 1) skel[idx + 1] = target:sub(e_pos, e_pos + 1) == '$@' idx = idx + 2 s_pos = e_pos + 2 e_pos = string.find(target, '%$[@#]', s_pos, false) end if (s_pos > target:len()) then idx = idx - 1 else canvas[idx] = target:sub(s_pos) end return skel, canvas, idx end -- Populate a table by parsing a parameter string (heavy lifting for `parsing`, -- `reinterpreting` and `evaluating`) local function parse_parameter_string (tbl, str, isp, ipl, psp, ppl, trn, tru) local key, val, spos1, spos2, pos1, pos2 local pos3, idx, lenplone = 0, 1, #str + 1 if isp == nil or isp == '' then if psp == nil or psp == '' then if tru then tbl[idx] = str:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' else tbl[idx] = str end return idx end spos1, spos2 = str:find(psp, 1, ppl) if spos1 == nil then key = idx if tru then val = str:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' else val = str end idx = idx + 1 else key = get_parameter_name(str:sub(1, spos1 - 1)) val = str:sub(spos2 + 1) if trn then val = val:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' end end tbl[key] = val return idx end if psp == nil or psp == '' then repeat pos1 = pos3 + 1 pos2, pos3 = str:find(isp, pos1, ipl) val = str:sub(pos1, (pos2 or lenplone) - 1) if tru then val = val:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' end tbl[idx], idx = val, idx + 1 until pos2 == nil return idx end repeat pos1 = pos3 + 1 pos2, pos3 = str:find(isp, pos1, ipl) val = str:sub(pos1, (pos2 or lenplone) - 1) spos1, spos2 = val:find(psp, 1, ppl) if spos1 == nil then key = idx if tru then val = val:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' end idx = idx + 1 else key = get_parameter_name(val:sub(1, spos1 - 1)) val = val:sub(spos2 + 1) if trn then val = val:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' end end tbl[key] = val until pos2 == nil return idx end -- Heavy lifting for `snapshotting` and `remembering` local function make_child (ctx, src, whoami) local len = tonumber(ctx.pipe[1]) if len == nil or len == 0 then local stack = new_substack(ctx) for key, val in pairs(src) do stack[key] = val end return len == nil and 1 or 2 end if len < 0 or math.floor(len) ~= len then error(modulename .. ', ‘' .. whoami .. '’: The number of parameters to copy must be an integer greater than zero', 0) end copy_table_maxn(new_substack(ctx), src, len) return 2 end -- Heavy lifting for `setting_by_flushing`, `combining` and `combining_values` local function set_strings_from_substack (ctx, dest, whoami) if ctx.n_children < 1 then error(modulename .. ', ‘' .. whoami .. '’: There are no substacks to flush', 0) end local currsnap = ctx.n_children local stack = ctx.children[currsnap] for key, val in pairs(memoryslots) do if stack[key] ~= nil then dest[val] = stack[key] end end ctx.children[currsnap], ctx.n_children = nil, currsnap - 1 end -- Heavy lifting for `combining` and `combining_values` local function combine_parameters (ctx, keyval_fn, whoami) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! This function -- MUST create a copy of it before returning local opts = ctx.pipe if ctx.pipe[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘' .. whoami .. '’: No parameter name was provided', 0) end local argc local tbl, vars = ctx.params, {} local sortfn, varsarg0, do_sort, tmp = load_sort_opt(opts[2]) if varsarg0 == 2 then tmp = opts[3] and opts[3]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' end if tmp == 'with_flushed_glue' then varsarg0 = varsarg0 + 1 argc = set_strings_from_opts(vars, opts, varsarg0 + 1) set_strings_from_substack(ctx, vars, whoami) else if tmp == 'without_flushed_glue' then varsarg0 = varsarg0 + 1 end argc = set_strings_from_opts(vars, opts, varsarg0 + 1) end if argc < varsarg0 then error(modulename .. ', ‘' .. whoami .. '’: No setting directive was given', 0) end if next(tbl) == nil then if vars.ifngiven ~= nil then ctx.params = { [get_parameter_name(ctx.pipe[1])] = vars.ifngiven } elseif tbl == ctx.oparams then ctx.params = {} end return argc end local cache, len if do_sort then local words cache, words, len, tmp = get_key_list_sorted(tbl, sortfn) for idx = 1, tmp do cache[len + idx] = words[idx] end len = len + tmp else len, cache = 0, {} for key in pairs(tbl) do len = len + 1 cache[len] = key end end local pmap, nss, kvs, pps = {}, 0, vars.pairsep or '', vars.itersep or '' for idx = 1, len do tmp, pmap[nss + 1] = cache[idx], pps pmap[nss + 2] = keyval_fn(tmp, tbl[tmp], kvs) nss = nss + 2 end tmp = vars.oxfordsep or vars.lastsep if tmp ~= nil and nss > 4 then pmap[nss - 1] = tmp elseif nss > 2 and vars.lastsep ~= nil then pmap[nss - 1] = vars.lastsep end pmap[1] = vars.header or '' if vars.footer ~= nil then pmap[nss + 1] = vars.footer end ctx.params = { [get_parameter_name(ctx.pipe[1])] = table.concat(pmap) } return argc end -- Concatenate the numeric keys from the table of parameters to the numeric -- keys from the table of options; non-numeric keys from the table of options -- will prevail over colliding non-numeric keys from the table of parameters local function concat_params (ctx) local retval, tbl, nmax = {}, ctx.params, table.maxn(ctx.pipe) if ctx.subset == 1 then -- We need only the sequence for key, val in ipairs(tbl) do retval[key + nmax] = val end else if ctx.subset == -1 then for key in ipairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = nil end end for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' and key > 0 then retval[key + nmax] = val else retval[key] = val end end end for key, val in pairs(ctx.pipe) do retval[key] = val end return retval end -- Flush the parameters by calling a custom function for each value (after this -- function has been invoked `ctx.params` will be no longer usable) local function flush_params (ctx, fn) local tmp local tbl = ctx.params if ctx.subset == -1 then for key, val in ipairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = nil end elseif ctx.subset == 1 then if ctx.pins == nil then for key, val in ipairs(tbl) do fn(key, val) end return end tmp = {} for key, val in ipairs(tbl) do tmp[key] = val end tbl = tmp end if ctx.pins ~= nil then local marker = ctx.sorttype < 1 and ctx.subset ~= -1 or nil for idx = 1, #ctx.pins do tmp = ctx.pins[idx] if tbl[tmp] ~= nil then fn(tmp, tbl[tmp]) tbl[tmp] = marker end end if ctx.subset == 1 then for key, val in ipairs(tbl) do if val ~= true then fn(key, val) end end return end end if ctx.sorttype > 0 then local nums, words, nn, nw = get_key_list_sorted(tbl, natural_sort) if ctx.sorttype == 2 then for idx = 1, nw do fn(words[idx], tbl[words[idx]]) end for idx = 1, nn do fn(nums[idx], tbl[nums[idx]]) end return end for idx = 1, nn do fn(nums[idx], tbl[nums[idx]]) end for idx = 1, nw do fn(words[idx], tbl[words[idx]]) end return end if ctx.subset == -1 or ctx.pins == nil then for key, val in ipairs(tbl) do fn(key, val) tbl[key] = nil end for key, val in pairs(tbl) do fn(key, val) end return end for key, val in ipairs(tbl) do if val ~= true then fn(key, val) end tbl[key] = nil end for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if val ~= true then fn(key, val) end end end -- Flush the parameters by calling one of two custom functions for each value -- (after this function has been invoked `ctx.params` will be no longer usable) local function mixed_flush_params (ctx, fn_seq, fn_oth) if ctx.subset == 1 then flush_params(ctx, fn_seq) return end if ctx.subset == -1 then flush_params(ctx, fn_oth) return end local tbl = ctx.params if ctx.pins == nil and ctx.sorttype < 1 then for key, val in ipairs(tbl) do fn_seq(key, val) tbl[key] = nil end for key, val in pairs(tbl) do fn_oth(key, val) end return end local tseq = {} for key, val in ipairs(tbl) do tseq[key] = val end if ctx.pins ~= nil then local tmp local marker = ctx.sorttype < 1 or nil for idx = 1, #ctx.pins do tmp = ctx.pins[idx] if tseq[tmp] ~= nil then fn_seq(tmp, tbl[tmp]) tbl[tmp], tseq[tmp] = nil, marker elseif tbl[tmp] ~= nil then fn_oth(tmp, tbl[tmp]) tbl[tmp] = nil end end end if ctx.sorttype > 0 then local nums, words, nn, nw = get_key_list_sorted(tbl, natural_sort) if ctx.sorttype == 2 then for idx = 1, nw do fn_oth(words[idx], tbl[words[idx]]) end end for idx = 1, nn do if tseq[nums[idx]] ~= nil then fn_seq(nums[idx], tseq[nums[idx]]) else fn_oth(nums[idx], tbl[nums[idx]]) end end if ctx.sorttype ~= 2 then for idx = 1, nw do fn_oth(words[idx], tbl[words[idx]]) end end return end for key, val in ipairs(tseq) do if val ~= true then fn_seq(key, val) tbl[key] = nil end end for key, val in pairs(tbl) do fn_oth(key, val) end end -- Finalize and return a concatenated list local function finalize_and_return_concatenated_list (ctx, lst, len, modsize) if len > 0 then local tmp = ctx.oxfordsep or ctx.lastsep if tmp ~= nil and len > modsize * 2 then lst[len - modsize + 1] = tmp elseif len > modsize and ctx.lastsep ~= nil then lst[len - modsize + 1] = ctx.lastsep end lst[1] = ctx.header or '' if ctx.footer ~= nil then lst[len + 1] = ctx.footer end ctx.text = table.concat(lst) else ctx.text = ctx.ifngiven or '' end end --- --- --- PUBLIC ENVIRONMENT --- --- ________________________________ --- --- --- --[[ Modifiers ]]-- ------------------- -- Syntax: #invoke:params|sequential|pipe to library.sequential = function (ctx) if ctx.subset == 1 then error(modulename .. ': The ‘sequential’ directive has been provided more than once', 0) end if ctx.subset == -1 then error(modulename .. ': The two directives ‘non-sequential’ and ‘sequential’ are in contradiction with each other', 0) end if ctx.sorttype > 0 then error(modulename .. ': The ‘all_sorted’ and ‘reassorted’ directives are redundant when followed by ‘sequential’', 0) end ctx.iterfunc, ctx.subset = ipairs, 1 return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|non-sequential|pipe to library['non-sequential'] = function (ctx) if ctx.subset == -1 then error(modulename .. ': The ‘non-sequential’ directive has been provided more than once', 0) end if ctx.subset == 1 then error(modulename .. ': The two directives ‘sequential’ and ‘non-sequential’ are in contradiction with each other', 0) end ctx.iterfunc, ctx.subset = pairs, -1 return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|all_sorted|pipe to library.all_sorted = function (ctx) if ctx.sorttype == 1 then error(modulename .. ': The ‘all_sorted’ directive has been provided more than once', 0) end if ctx.subset == 1 then error(modulename .. ': The ‘all_sorted’ directive is redundant after ‘sequential’', 0) end if ctx.sorttype == 2 then error(modulename .. ': The two directives ‘reassorted’ and ‘sequential’ are in contradiction with each other', 0) end ctx.sorttype = 1 return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|reassorted|pipe to library.reassorted = function (ctx) if ctx.sorttype == 2 then error(modulename .. ': The ‘reassorted’ directive has been provided more than once', 0) end if ctx.subset == 1 then error(modulename .. ': The ‘reassorted’ directive is redundant after ‘sequential’', 0) end if ctx.sorttype == 1 then error(modulename .. ': The two directives ‘sequential’ and ‘reassorted’ are in contradiction with each other', 0) end ctx.sorttype = 2 return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|pinned_until|sentinel|[parameter name 1]|[parameter -- name 2]|...|parameter name N|sentinel|pipe to library.pinned_until = function (ctx) local opts = ctx.pipe if opts[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘pinned_until’: No sentinel was provided', 0) end local tmp, bucket, curr, ncurr local sntl, idx = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$', 2 if ctx.pin_bucket == nil then bucket, curr, ncurr = {}, {}, 0 ctx.pin_bucket, ctx.pins = bucket, curr else bucket, curr, ncurr = ctx.pin_bucket, ctx.pins, ctx.npins end while opts[idx] ~= nil do tmp = opts[idx]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' if tmp == sntl then if idx == 2 then error(modulename .. ', ‘pinned_until’: No parameters to pin were provided', 0) end ctx.npins = ncurr + idx - 2 return context_iterate(ctx, idx + 1) end if tmp == '0' or tmp:find'^%-?[1-9]%d*$' ~= nil then tmp = tonumber(tmp) end if bucket[tmp] then error(modulename .. ', ‘pinned_until’: Duplicate pinned parameter ‘' .. tostring(tmp) .. '’', 0) end curr[ncurr + idx - 1], bucket[tmp], idx = tmp, true, idx + 1 end error(modulename .. ', ‘pinned_until’: Missing sentinel in position #' .. tostring(idx), 0) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|setting|directives|...|pipe to library.setting = function (ctx) local argc = set_strings_from_opts(ctx, ctx.pipe, 1) if argc < 2 then error(modulename .. ', ‘setting’: No directive was given', 0) end return context_iterate(ctx, argc + 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|scoring|new parameter name|[container]|pipe to library.scoring = function (ctx) if ctx.pipe[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘scoring’: No parameter name was provided', 0) end local tmp local retval, opts = 0, ctx.pipe for _ in pairs(ctx.params) do retval = retval + 1 end if opts[2] ~= nil then tmp = opts[2]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if tmp == 'in_substack' then new_substack(ctx)[get_parameter_name(opts[1])] = tostring(retval) return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end ctx.params[get_parameter_name(opts[1])] = tostring(retval) return context_iterate(ctx, tmp == 'here' and 3 or 2) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|squeezing|pipe to library.squeezing = function (ctx) local store, indices, tbl, newlen = {}, {}, ctx.params, 0 for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' then newlen = newlen + 1 indices[newlen], store[key], tbl[key] = key, val, nil end end table.sort(indices) for idx = 1, newlen do tbl[idx] = store[indices[idx]] end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|filling_the_gaps|pipe to library.filling_the_gaps = function (ctx) local newval, tbl, tmp, nmin, nmax, nnums = ctx.pipe[1], ctx.params, {}, 1, nil, -1 if newval == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘filling_the_gaps’: No value was provided', 0) end for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' then if nmax == nil then if key < nmin then nmin = key end nmax = key elseif key > nmax then nmax = key elseif key < nmin then nmin = key end tmp[key], nnums = val, nnums + 1 end end if nmax ~= nil and nmax - nmin > nnums then ctx.n_available = ctx.n_available + nmin + nnums - nmax if ctx.n_available < 0 then error(modulename .. ', ‘filling_the_gaps’: It is possible to fill at most ' .. tostring(maxfill) .. ' parameters', 0) end for idx = nmin, nmax, 1 do tbl[idx] = newval end for key, val in pairs(tmp) do tbl[key] = val end end return context_iterate(ctx, 2) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|clearing|pipe to library.clearing = function (ctx) local tbl, numerics = ctx.params, {} for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' then numerics[key], tbl[key] = val, nil end end for key, val in ipairs(numerics) do tbl[key] = val end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|cutting|left cut|right cut|pipe to library.cutting = function (ctx) local lcut = tonumber(ctx.pipe[1]) if lcut == nil or math.floor(lcut) ~= lcut then error(modulename .. ', ‘cutting’: Left cut must be an integer number', 0) end local rcut = tonumber(ctx.pipe[2]) if rcut == nil or math.floor(rcut) ~= rcut then error(modulename .. ', ‘cutting’: Right cut must be an integer number', 0) end local tbl = ctx.params local len = #tbl if lcut < 0 then lcut = len + lcut end if rcut < 0 then rcut = len + rcut end local tot = lcut + rcut if tot > 0 then local cache = {} if tot >= len then for key in ipairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = nil end tot = len else for idx = len - rcut + 1, len, 1 do tbl[idx] = nil end for idx = 1, lcut, 1 do tbl[idx] = nil end end for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' and key > 0 then if key > len then cache[key - tot] = val else cache[key - lcut] = val end tbl[key] = nil end end for key, val in pairs(cache) do tbl[key] = val end end return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|cropping|left crop|right crop|pipe to library.cropping = function (ctx) local lcut = tonumber(ctx.pipe[1]) if lcut == nil or math.floor(lcut) ~= lcut then error(modulename .. ', ‘cropping’: Left crop must be an integer number', 0) end local rcut = tonumber(ctx.pipe[2]) if rcut == nil or math.floor(rcut) ~= rcut then error(modulename .. ', ‘cropping’: Right crop must be an integer number', 0) end local tbl = ctx.params local nmin, nmax for key in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' then if nmin == nil then nmin, nmax = key, key elseif key > nmax then nmax = key elseif key < nmin then nmin = key end end end if nmin ~= nil then local len = nmax - nmin + 1 if lcut < 0 then lcut = len + lcut end if rcut < 0 then rcut = len + rcut end if lcut + rcut - len > -1 then for key in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' then tbl[key] = nil end end elseif lcut + rcut > 0 then for idx = nmax - rcut + 1, nmax do tbl[idx] = nil end for idx = nmin, nmin + lcut - 1 do tbl[idx] = nil end local lshift = nmin + lcut - 1 if lshift > 0 then for idx = lshift + 1, nmax, 1 do tbl[idx - lshift], tbl[idx] = tbl[idx], nil end end end end return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|purging|start offset|length|pipe to library.purging = function (ctx) local idx = tonumber(ctx.pipe[1]) if idx == nil or math.floor(idx) ~= idx then error(modulename .. ', ‘purging’: Start offset must be an integer number', 0) end local len = tonumber(ctx.pipe[2]) if len == nil or math.floor(len) ~= len then error(modulename .. ', ‘purging’: Length must be an integer number', 0) end local tbl = ctx.params if len < 1 then len = len + table.maxn(tbl) if idx > len then return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end len = len - idx + 1 end ctx.params = copy_table_reduced(tbl, idx, len) return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|backpurging|start offset|length|pipe to library.backpurging = function (ctx) local last = tonumber(ctx.pipe[1]) if last == nil or math.floor(last) ~= last then error(modulename .. ', ‘backpurging’: Start offset must be an integer number', 0) end local len = tonumber(ctx.pipe[2]) if len == nil or math.floor(len) ~= len then error(modulename .. ', ‘backpurging’: Length must be an integer number', 0) end local idx local tbl = ctx.params if len > 0 then idx = last - len + 1 else for key in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' and (idx == nil or key < idx) then idx = key end end if idx == nil then return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end idx = idx - len if last < idx then return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end len = last - idx + 1 end ctx.params = copy_table_reduced(ctx.params, idx, len) return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|shifting|addend|pipe to library.shifting = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local nshift = tonumber(ctx.pipe[1]) if nshift == nil or nshift == 0 or math.floor(nshift) ~= nshift then error(modulename .. ', ‘shifting’: A non-zero integer number must be provided', 0) end local tbl = {} for key, val in pairs(ctx.params) do if type(key) == 'number' then tbl[key + nshift] = val else tbl[key] = val end end ctx.params = tbl return context_iterate(ctx, 2) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|reversing_numeric_names|pipe to library.reversing_numeric_names = function (ctx) local tbl, numerics, nmax = ctx.params, {}, 0 for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' then numerics[key], tbl[key] = val, nil if key > nmax then nmax = key end end end for key, val in pairs(numerics) do tbl[nmax - key + 1] = val end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|pivoting_numeric_names|pipe to --[[ library.pivoting_numeric_names = function (ctx) local tbl = ctx.params local shift = #tbl + 1 if shift < 2 then return library.reversing_numeric_names(ctx) end local numerics = {} for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' then numerics[key] = val tbl[key] = nil end end for key, val in pairs(numerics) do tbl[shift - key] = val end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end ]]-- -- Syntax: #invoke:params|mirroring_numeric_names|pipe to --[[ library.mirroring_numeric_names = function (ctx) local nmax, nmin local tbl, numerics = ctx.params, {} for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' then numerics[key] = val tbl[key] = nil if nmax == nil then nmin, nmax = key, key elseif key > nmax then nmax = key elseif key < nmin then nmin = key end end end for key, val in pairs(numerics) do tbl[nmax + nmin - key] = val end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end ]]-- -- Syntax: #invoke:params|swapping_numeric_names|pipe to --[[ library.swapping_numeric_names = function (ctx) local tmp local tbl, cache, nsize = ctx.params, {}, 0 for key in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' then nsize = nsize + 1 cache[nsize] = key end end table.sort(cache) for idx = math.floor(nsize / 2), 1, -1 do tmp = tbl[cache[idx] ] tbl[cache[idx] ] = tbl[cache[nsize - idx + 1] ] tbl[cache[nsize - idx + 1] ] = tmp end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end ]]-- -- Syntax: #invoke:params|sorting_sequential_values|[criterion]|pipe to library.sorting_sequential_values = function (ctx) local sortfn if ctx.pipe[1] ~= nil then sortfn = sortfunctions[ctx.pipe[1]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'] end if sortfn then table.sort(ctx.params, sortfn) else table.sort(ctx.params) end -- i.e. either `false` or `nil` if sortfn == nil then return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end return context_iterate(ctx, 2) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|splicing|[add to position]|position|increment| -- [number of elements to write]|...|pipe to library.splicing = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local tmp2, argc, pos, refp local opts, tbl = ctx.pipe, ctx.params local tmp1 = opts[1] if tmp1 ~= nil then tmp2 = tonumber(tmp1) if tmp2 == nil or math.floor(tmp2) ~= tmp2 then pos, argc, tmp2 = tonumber(opts[2]), 4, tmp1:match'^%s*(.*%S)' if tmp2 ~= nil then refp = position_references[tmp2] if refp == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘splicing’: ‘' .. tostring(tmp2) .. '’ is not a valid first argument', 0) end else refp = 0 end else pos, argc, refp = tmp2, 3, 0 end else pos, argc, refp = tonumber(opts[2]), 4, 0 end if pos == nil or math.floor(pos) ~= pos then error(modulename .. ', ‘splicing’: The position must be an integer number', 0) end local len = tonumber(opts[argc - 1]) if len == nil or math.floor(len) ~= len then error(modulename .. ', ‘splicing’: The increment must be an integer number', 0) end local insn = tonumber(opts[argc]) if len == 0 and (insn == nil or insn < 1) then error(modulename .. ', ‘splicing’: When the increment is zero the number of elements to write cannot be zero', 0) end if refp == 2 then for _ in ipairs(tbl) do pos = pos + 1 end refp = 0 end tmp1, tmp2 = nil, nil if refp ~= 0 or len ~= 0 then for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' then if tmp1 == nil then tmp1, tmp2 = key, key elseif key < tmp1 then tmp1 = key elseif key > tmp2 then tmp2 = key end end end end if tmp2 == nil then len = 0 elseif refp == 3 then pos = pos + tmp2 elseif refp == 1 then pos = pos + tmp1 end if len > 0 and pos + len > tmp1 and pos <= tmp2 then tbl = copy_table_expanded(tbl, pos, len) elseif len < 0 and pos - len > tmp1 and pos <= tmp2 then tbl = copy_table_reduced(tbl, pos, -len) else tbl = copy_or_ref_table(tbl, tbl ~= ctx.oparams) end ctx.params = tbl if insn == nil or insn < 0 or math.floor(insn) ~= insn then return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end tmp1 = argc - pos + 1 for key = pos, pos + insn - 1 do tbl[key] = opts[key + tmp1] end return context_iterate(ctx, argc + insn + 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|imposing|name|value|pipe to library.imposing = function (ctx) if ctx.pipe[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘imposing’: Missing parameter name to impose', 0) end ctx.params[get_parameter_name(ctx.pipe[1])] = ctx.pipe[2] return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|providing|name|value|pipe to library.providing = function (ctx) if ctx.pipe[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘providing’: Missing parameter name to provide', 0) end local key = get_parameter_name(ctx.pipe[1]) if ctx.params[key] == nil then ctx.params[key] = ctx.pipe[2] end return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|reassigning|source|destination|[mode]|pipe to library.reassigning = function (ctx) local opts, tbl = ctx.pipe, ctx.params if opts[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘reassigning’: Missing source parameter', 0) end if opts[2] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘reassigning’: Missing destination parameter', 0) end local mode, argc local src = get_parameter_name(opts[1]) local val = tbl[src] if opts[3] ~= nil then mode = a_modes[opts[3]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'] end if mode == nil then mode, argc = 0, 3 else argc = 4 end if val == nil and mode > 1 then return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end local dest = get_parameter_name(opts[2]) local tmp = tbl[dest] == nil if mode % 2 == 0 or (mode == 7 and tmp) then tbl[src] = nil end if tmp or mode < 4 then tbl[dest] = val end return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|discarding|name|[how many]|pipe to library.discarding = function (ctx) if ctx.pipe[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘discarding’: Missing parameter name to discard', 0) end local len = tonumber(ctx.pipe[2]) if len == nil then ctx.params[get_parameter_name(ctx.pipe[1])] = nil return context_iterate(ctx, 2) end local key = tonumber(ctx.pipe[1]) if key == nil or math.floor(key) ~= key then error(modulename .. ', ‘discarding’: A range was provided, but the initial parameter name is not an integer number', 0) end if len < 1 or math.floor(len) ~= len then error(modulename .. ', ‘discarding’: A range can only be an integer number greater than zero', 0) end for idx = key, key + len - 1 do ctx.params[idx] = nil end return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|excluding_non-numeric_names|pipe to library['excluding_non-numeric_names'] = function (ctx) local tmp = ctx.params for key, val in pairs(tmp) do if type(key) ~= 'number' then tmp[key] = nil end end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|excluding_numeric_names|pipe to library.excluding_numeric_names = function (ctx) local tmp = ctx.params for key, val in pairs(tmp) do if type(key) == 'number' then tmp[key] = nil end end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|with_name_matching|target 1|[plain flag 1]|[or]| -- [target 2]|[plain flag 2]|[or]|[...]|[target N]|[plain flag -- N]|pipe to library.with_name_matching = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local tmp, ptn local targets, nptns, argc = load_pattern_args(ctx.pipe, 'with_name_matching') local tbl, newparams = ctx.params, {} for idx = 1, nptns do ptn = targets[idx] if ptn[3] then tmp = ptn[1] if tmp == '0' or tmp:find'^%-?[1-9]%d*$' ~= nil then tmp = tonumber(tmp) end newparams[tmp] = tbl[tmp] else for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if tostring(key):find(ptn[1], 1, ptn[2]) then newparams[key] = val end end end end ctx.params = newparams return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|with_name_not_matching|target 1|[plain flag 1]| -- [and]|[target 2]|[plain flag 2]|[and]|[...]|[target N]|[plain -- flag N]|pipe to library.with_name_not_matching = function (ctx) local targets, nptns, argc = load_pattern_args(ctx.pipe, 'with_name_not_matching') local tbl = ctx.params if nptns == 1 and targets[1][3] then local tmp = targets[1][1] if tmp == '0' or tmp:find'^%-?[1-9]%d*$' ~= nil then tbl[tonumber(tmp)] = nil else tbl[tmp] = nil end return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end local yesmatch, ptn for key in pairs(tbl) do yesmatch = true for idx = 1, nptns do ptn = targets[idx] if ptn[3] then if tostring(key) ~= ptn[1] then yesmatch = false break end elseif not tostring(key):find(ptn[1], 1, ptn[2]) then yesmatch = false break end end if yesmatch then tbl[key] = nil end end return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|with_value_matching|target 1|[plain flag 1]|[or]| -- [target 2]|[plain flag 2]|[or]|[...]|[target N]|[plain flag -- N]|pipe to library.with_value_matching = function (ctx) local nomatch, ptn local tbl = ctx.params local targets, nptns, argc = load_pattern_args(ctx.pipe, 'with_value_matching') for key, val in pairs(tbl) do nomatch = true for idx = 1, nptns do ptn = targets[idx] if ptn[3] then if val == ptn[1] then nomatch = false break end elseif val:find(ptn[1], 1, ptn[2]) then nomatch = false break end end if nomatch then tbl[key] = nil end end return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|with_value_not_matching|target 1|[plain flag 1]| -- [and]|[target 2]|[plain flag 2]|[and]|[...]|[target N]|[plain -- flag N]|pipe to library.with_value_not_matching = function (ctx) local yesmatch, ptn local tbl = ctx.params local targets, nptns, argc = load_pattern_args(ctx.pipe, 'with_value_not_matching') for key, val in pairs(tbl) do yesmatch = true for idx = 1, nptns do ptn = targets[idx] if ptn[3] then if val ~= ptn[1] then yesmatch = false break end elseif not val:find(ptn[1], 1, ptn[2]) then yesmatch = false break end end if yesmatch then tbl[key] = nil end end return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|keeping_at_most|number of parameters to pick|pipe to library.keeping_at_most = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local len = tonumber(ctx.pipe[1]) if len == nil or len < 1 or math.floor(len) ~= len then error(modulename .. ', ‘keeping_at_most’: The number of parameters to keep must be an integer greater than zero', 0) end ctx.params = copy_table_maxn({}, ctx.params, len) return context_iterate(ctx, 2) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|trimming_values|pipe to library.trimming_values = function (ctx) local tbl = ctx.params for key, val in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = val:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|mapping_to_lowercase|pipe to library.mapping_to_lowercase = function (ctx) local tbl = ctx.params for key, val in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = val:lower() end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|mapping_to_uppercase|pipe to library.mapping_to_uppercase = function (ctx) local tbl = ctx.params for key, val in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = val:upper() end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|mapping_by_calling|template name|[call -- style]|[let/use]|[...]|[let/use]|[...]|[number of additional -- parameters]|[parameter 1]|[parameter 2]|[...]|[parameter N]|pipe to library.mapping_by_calling = function (ctx) local tname local opts = ctx.pipe if opts[1] ~= nil then tname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if tname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘mapping_by_calling’: No template name was provided', 0) end local margs, argc, looptype, karg, varg, tbl, mem = load_callback_opts(opts, 1, mapping_styles.values_only, ctx.params) local model = { title = tname, args = margs } value_maps[looptype](tbl, margs, karg, varg, function () return ctx.frame:expandTemplate(model) end) for key, val in pairs(mem) do tbl[key] = val end ctx.params = tbl return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|mapping_by_invoking|module name|function name|[call -- style]|[let/use]|[...]|[let/use]|[...]|[number of additional -- arguments]|[argument 1]|[argument 2]|[...]|[argument N]|pipe to library.mapping_by_invoking = function (ctx) local mname, fname local opts = ctx.pipe if opts[1] ~= nil then mname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if mname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘mapping_by_invoking’: No module name was provided', 0) end if opts[2] ~= nil then fname = opts[2]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if fname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘mapping_by_invoking’: No function name was provided', 0) end local margs, argc, looptype, karg, varg, tbl, mem = load_callback_opts(opts, 2, mapping_styles.values_only, ctx.params) local model = { title = 'Module:' .. mname, args = margs } local mfunc = require(model.title)[fname] if mfunc == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘mapping_by_invoking’: The function ‘' .. fname .. '’ does not exist', 0) end value_maps[looptype](tbl, margs, karg, varg, function () return tostring(mfunc(ctx.frame:newChild(model))) end) for key, val in pairs(mem) do tbl[key] = val end ctx.params = tbl return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|mapping_by_magic|parser function|[call -- style]|[let/use]|[...]|[let/use]|[...]|[number of additional -- arguments]|[argument 1]|[argument 2]|[...]|[argument N]|pipe to library.mapping_by_magic = function (ctx) local magic local opts = ctx.pipe if opts[1] ~= nil then magic = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if magic == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘mapping_by_magic’: No parser function was provided', 0) end local margs, argc, looptype, karg, varg, tbl, mem = load_callback_opts(opts, 1, mapping_styles.values_only, ctx.params) value_maps[looptype](tbl, margs, karg, varg, function () return ctx.frame:callParserFunction(magic, margs) end) for key, val in pairs(mem) do tbl[key] = val end ctx.params = tbl return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|mapping_by_replacing|target|replace|[count]|[plain -- flag]|pipe to library.mapping_by_replacing = function (ctx) local ptn, repl, nmax, flg, argc, die = load_replace_args(ctx.pipe, 'mapping_by_replacing') if die then return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end local tbl = ctx.params if flg == 3 then for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if val == ptn then tbl[key] = repl end end else if flg == 2 then -- Copied from Module:String's `str._escapePattern()` ptn = ptn:gsub('[%(%)%.%%%+%-%*%?%[%^%$%]]', '%%%0') end for key, val in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = val:gsub(ptn, repl, nmax) end end return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|mapping_by_mixing|mixing string|pipe to library.mapping_by_mixing = function (ctx) if ctx.pipe[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘mapping_by_mixing’: No mixing string was provided', 0) end local tbl, mix = ctx.params, ctx.pipe[1] if mix == '$#' then for key in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = tostring(key) end return context_iterate(ctx, 2) end local skel, cnv, n_parts = parse_placeholder_string(mix) for key, val in pairs(tbl) do for idx = 2, n_parts, 2 do if skel[idx] then cnv[idx] = val else cnv[idx] = tostring(key) end end tbl[key] = table.concat(cnv) end return context_iterate(ctx, 2) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|mapping_to_names|pipe to --[[ library.mapping_to_names = function (ctx) local tbl = ctx.params for key in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = tostring(key) end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end ]]-- -- Syntax: #invoke:params|renaming_to_lowercase|pipe to library.renaming_to_lowercase = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local cache = {} for key, val in pairs(ctx.params) do if type(key) == 'string' then cache[key:lower()] = val else cache[key] = val end end ctx.params = cache return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|renaming_to_uppercase|pipe to library.renaming_to_uppercase = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local cache = {} for key, val in pairs(ctx.params) do if type(key) == 'string' then cache[key:upper()] = val else cache[key] = val end end ctx.params = cache return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|renaming_to_sequence|[sort order]|pipe to library.renaming_to_sequence = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local cache, len local tbl = ctx.params local sortfn, argc, do_sort = load_sort_opt(ctx.pipe[1]) if do_sort then local words, wl cache, words, len, wl = get_key_list_sorted(tbl, sortfn) for idx = 1, len do cache[idx] = tbl[cache[idx]] end for idx = 1, wl do cache[len + idx] = tbl[words[idx]] end else len, cache = 0, {} for _, val in pairs(tbl) do len = len + 1 cache[len] = val end end ctx.params = cache return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|renaming_by_calling|template name|[call -- style]|[let/use]|[...]|[let/use]|[...]|[number of additional -- parameters]|[parameter 1]|[parameter 2]|[...]|[parameter N]|pipe to library.renaming_by_calling = function (ctx) local tname local opts = ctx.pipe if opts[1] ~= nil then tname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if tname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘renaming_by_calling’: No template name was provided', 0) end local rargs, argc, looptype, karg, varg, tbl, mem = load_callback_opts(opts, 1, mapping_styles.names_only, ctx.params) local model = { title = tname, args = rargs } map_names(tbl, rargs, karg, varg, looptype, function () return ctx.frame:expandTemplate(model) end) for key, val in pairs(mem) do tbl[key] = val end ctx.params = tbl return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|renaming_by_invoking|module name|function -- name|[call style]|[let/use]|[...]|[let/use]|[...]|[number of -- additional arguments]|[argument 1]|[argument 2]|[...]|[argument -- N]|pipe to library.renaming_by_invoking = function (ctx) local mname, fname local opts = ctx.pipe if opts[1] ~= nil then mname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if mname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘renaming_by_invoking’: No module name was provided', 0) end if opts[2] ~= nil then fname = opts[2]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if fname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘renaming_by_invoking’: No function name was provided', 0) end local rargs, argc, looptype, karg, varg, tbl, mem = load_callback_opts(opts, 2, mapping_styles.names_only, ctx.params) local model = { title = 'Module:' .. mname, args = rargs } local mfunc = require(model.title)[fname] if mfunc == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘renaming_by_invoking’: The function ‘' .. fname .. '’ does not exist', 0) end map_names(tbl, rargs, karg, varg, looptype, function () return tostring(mfunc(ctx.frame:newChild(model))) end) for key, val in pairs(mem) do tbl[key] = val end ctx.params = tbl return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|renaming_by_magic|parser function|[call -- style]|[let/use]|[...]|[let/use]|[...]|[number of additional -- arguments]|[argument 1]|[argument 2]|[...]|[argument N]|pipe to library.renaming_by_magic = function (ctx) local opts = ctx.pipe local magic if opts[1] ~= nil then magic = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if magic == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘renaming_by_magic’: No parser function was provided', 0) end local rargs, argc, looptype, karg, varg, tbl, mem = load_callback_opts(opts, 1, mapping_styles.names_only, ctx.params) map_names(tbl, rargs, karg, varg, looptype, function () return ctx.frame:callParserFunction(magic, rargs) end) for key, val in pairs(mem) do tbl[key] = val end ctx.params = tbl return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|renaming_by_replacing|target|replace|[count]|[plain -- flag]|pipe to library.renaming_by_replacing = function (ctx) local ptn, repl, nmax, flg, argc, die = load_replace_args(ctx.pipe, 'renaming_by_replacing') if die then return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end local tbl = ctx.params if flg == 3 then ptn = get_parameter_name(ptn) local val = tbl[ptn] if val ~= nil then tbl[ptn], tbl[get_parameter_name(repl)] = nil, val end else if flg == 2 then -- Copied from Module:String's `str._escapePattern()` ptn = ptn:gsub('[%(%)%.%%%+%-%*%?%[%^%$%]]', '%%%0') end local cache = {} for key, val in pairs(tbl) do steal_if_renamed(val, tbl, key, cache, tostring(key):gsub(ptn, repl, nmax)) end for key, val in pairs(cache) do tbl[key] = val end end return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|renaming_by_mixing|mixing string|pipe to library.renaming_by_mixing = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning if ctx.pipe[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘renaming_by_mixing’: No mixing string was provided', 0) end local mix = ctx.pipe[1]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' local cache = {} if mix == '$@' then for _, val in pairs(ctx.params) do cache[get_parameter_name(val)] = val end else local skel, canvas, n_parts = parse_placeholder_string(mix) for key, val in pairs(ctx.params) do for idx = 2, n_parts, 2 do if skel[idx] then canvas[idx] = val else canvas[idx] = tostring(key) end end cache[get_parameter_name(table.concat(canvas))] = val end end ctx.params = cache return context_iterate(ctx, 2) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|renaming_to_values|pipe to --[[ library.renaming_to_values = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local cache = {} for _, val in pairs(ctx.params) do cache[val] = val end ctx.params = cache return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end ]]-- -- Syntax: #invoke:params|grouping_by_calling|template -- name|[let/use]|[...]|[let/use]|[...]|[number of additional -- arguments]|[argument 1]|[argument 2]|[...]|[argument N]|pipe to library.grouping_by_calling = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local tmp, argc, tbl, mem = load_child_opts(ctx.pipe, 2, 0, ctx.params) local gargs = {} for key, val in pairs(tmp) do if type(key) == 'number' and key < 1 then gargs[key - 1] = val else gargs[key] = val end end tmp = ctx.pipe[1] if tmp ~= nil then tmp = tmp:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if tmp == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘grouping_by_calling’: No template name was provided', 0) end local model = { title = tmp } local groups = make_groups(tbl) for gid, group in pairs(groups) do for key, val in pairs(gargs) do group[key] = val end group[0], model.args = gid, group groups[gid] = ctx.frame:expandTemplate(model) end for key, val in pairs(mem) do groups[key] = val end ctx.params = groups return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|parsing|string to parse|[trim flag]|[iteration -- delimiter setter]|[...]|[key-value delimiter setter]|[...]|pipe to library.parsing = function (ctx) local opts = ctx.pipe if opts[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘parsing’: No string to parse was provided', 0) end local isep, iplain, psep, pplain, trimnamed, trimunnamed, argc = load_parse_opts(opts, 2, '|', '=') parse_parameter_string(ctx.params, opts[1], isep, iplain, psep, pplain, trimnamed, trimunnamed) return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|reinterpreting|parameter to reinterpret|[trim -- flag]|[iteration delimiter setter]|[...]|[key-value delimiter -- setter]|[...]|pipe to library.reinterpreting = function (ctx) local opts = ctx.pipe if opts[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘reinterpreting’: No parameter to reinterpret was provided', 0) end local isep, iplain, psep, pplain, trimnamed, trimunnamed, argc = load_parse_opts(opts, 2, '|', '=') local tbl, tmp = ctx.params, get_parameter_name(opts[1]) local str = tbl[tmp] if str ~= nil then tbl[tmp] = nil parse_parameter_string(tbl, str, isep, iplain, psep, pplain, trimnamed, trimunnamed) end return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|evaluating|string to parse|[trim flag]|[iteration -- delimiter setter]|[...]|[key-value delimiter setter]|[...]|pipe to library.evaluating = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local opts = ctx.pipe if opts[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘evaluating’: No string to parse was provided', 0) end local isep, iplain, psep, pplain, trimnamed, trimunnamed, argc = load_parse_opts(opts, 2, '!', ':') if opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' == nil then ctx.pipe = copy_or_ref_table(opts, opts ~= ctx.opipe) return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end local new_opts, cache = {}, {} local shift = parse_parameter_string(cache, opts[1], isep, iplain, psep, pplain, trimnamed, trimunnamed) - argc for key, val in pairs(opts) do if type(key) ~= 'number' or key < 1 then new_opts[key] = val elseif key >= argc then new_opts[key + shift] = val end end for key, val in pairs(cache) do new_opts[key] = val end ctx.pipe = new_opts return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|mixing_names_and_values|mixing string|pipe to library.mixing_names_and_values = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning if ctx.pipe[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘mixing_names_and_values’: No mixing string was provided for parameter names', 0) end if ctx.pipe[2] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘mixing_names_and_values’: No mixing string was provided for parameter values', 0) end local tmp local mix_k = ctx.pipe[1]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' local cache, mix_v = {}, ctx.pipe[2] if mix_k == '$@' and mix_v == '$@' then for _, val in pairs(ctx.params) do cache[get_parameter_name(val)] = val end elseif mix_k == '$@' and mix_v == '$#' then for key, val in pairs(ctx.params) do cache[get_parameter_name(val)] = tostring(key) end elseif mix_k == '$#' and mix_v == '$#' then for key in pairs(ctx.params) do cache[key] = tostring(key) end else local skel_k, cnv_k, n_parts_k = parse_placeholder_string(mix_k) local skel_v, cnv_v, n_parts_v = parse_placeholder_string(mix_v) for key, val in pairs(ctx.params) do tmp = tostring(key) for idx = 2, n_parts_k, 2 do if skel_k[idx] then cnv_k[idx] = val else cnv_k[idx] = tmp end end for idx = 2, n_parts_v, 2 do if skel_v[idx] then cnv_v[idx] = val else cnv_v[idx] = tmp end end cache[get_parameter_name(table.concat(cnv_k))] = table.concat(cnv_v) end end ctx.params = cache return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|swapping_names_and_values|pipe to --[[ library.swapping_names_and_values = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local cache = {} for key, val in pairs(ctx.params) do cache[val] = key end ctx.params = cache return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end ]]-- -- Syntax: #invoke:params|combining|new parameter name|[sort -- order]|[with/without flushed glue]|setting directives|...|pipe to library.combining = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning return context_iterate(ctx, combine_parameters( ctx, function (key, val, kvs) return key .. kvs .. val end, 'combining' ) + 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|combining_values|new parameter name|[sort -- order]|[with/without flushed glue]|setting directives|...|pipe to library.combining_values = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning return context_iterate(ctx, combine_parameters( ctx, function (key, val, kvs) return val end, 'combining_values' ) + 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|combining_by_calling|template name|new parameter -- name|pipe to library.combining_by_calling = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local tname = ctx.pipe[1] if tname ~= nil then tname = tname:match'^%s*(.*%S)' else error(modulename .. ', ‘combining_by_calling’: No template name was provided', 0) end if ctx.pipe[2] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘combining_by_calling’: No parameter name was provided', 0) end ctx.params = { [get_parameter_name(ctx.pipe[2])] = ctx.frame:expandTemplate{ title = tname, args = ctx.params } } return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|combining_by_invoking|module name|function name|new -- parameter name|pipe to library.combining_by_invoking = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local mname = ctx.pipe[1] if mname ~= nil then mname = mname:match'^%s*(.*%S)' else error(modulename .. ', ‘combining_by_invoking’: No module name was provided', 0) end local fname = ctx.pipe[2] if fname ~= nil then fname = fname:match'^%s*(.*%S)' else error(modulename .. ', ‘combining_by_invoking’: No function name was provided', 0) end if ctx.pipe[3] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘combining_by_invoking’: No parameter name was provided', 0) end local model = { title = 'Module:' .. mname, args = ctx.params } local mfunc = require(model.title)[fname] if mfunc == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘mapping_by_invoking’: The function ‘' .. fname .. '’ does not exist', 0) end ctx.params = { [get_parameter_name(ctx.pipe[3])] = tostring(mfunc(ctx.frame:newChild(model))) } return context_iterate(ctx, 4) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|combining_by_magic|parser function|new parameter -- name|pipe to library.combining_by_magic = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local magic = ctx.pipe[1] if magic ~= nil then magic = magic:match'^%s*(.*%S)' else error(modulename .. ', ‘combining_by_magic’: No parser function was provided', 0) end if ctx.pipe[2] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘combining_by_magic’: No parameter name was provided', 0) end ctx.params = { [get_parameter_name(ctx.pipe[2])] = ctx.frame:callParserFunction(magic, ctx.params) } return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|snapshotting|[maximum number]|pipe to library.snapshotting = function (ctx) return context_iterate(ctx, make_child(ctx, ctx.params, 'snapshotting')) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|remembering|[maximum number]|pipe to library.remembering = function (ctx) return context_iterate(ctx, make_child(ctx, ctx.oparams, 'remembering')) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|entering_substack|[new]|pipe to library.entering_substack = function (ctx) local tbl, ncurrparent = ctx.params, ctx.n_parents + 1 if ctx.parents == nil then ctx.parents = { tbl } else ctx.parents[ncurrparent] = tbl end ctx.n_parents = ncurrparent if ctx.pipe[1] ~= nil and ctx.pipe[1]:match'^%s*new%s*$' then ctx.params = {} return context_iterate(ctx, 2) end local currsnap = ctx.n_children if currsnap > 0 then ctx.params, ctx.children[currsnap], ctx.n_children = ctx.children[currsnap], nil, currsnap - 1 else local newparams = {} for key, val in pairs(tbl) do newparams[key] = val end ctx.params = newparams end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|pulling|parameter name|pipe to library.pulling = function (ctx) local opts = ctx.pipe if opts[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘pulling’: No parameter to pull was provided', 0) end local tmp = ctx.n_parents local parent = tmp < 1 and ctx.oparams or ctx.parents[tmp] tmp = get_parameter_name(opts[1]) if parent[tmp] ~= nil then ctx.params[tmp] = parent[tmp] end return context_iterate(ctx, 2) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|recalling|parameter name|pipe to library.recalling = function (ctx) local opts = ctx.pipe if opts[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘recalling’: No parameter to recall was provided', 0) end local arg = get_parameter_name(opts[1]) if ctx.oparams[arg] ~= nil then ctx.params[arg] = ctx.oparams[arg] end return context_iterate(ctx, 2) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|finding|parameter name|pipe to --[[ library.finding = function (ctx) local opts = ctx.pipe if opts[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘finding’: No parameter to find was provided', 0) end local arg = get_parameter_name(opts[1]) local parent for idx = ctx.n_parents, 1, -1 do parent = ctx.parents[idx] if parent[arg] ~= nil then ctx.params[arg] = parent[arg] return context_iterate(ctx, 2) end end if ctx.oparams[arg] ~= nil then ctx.params[arg] = ctx.oparams[arg] end return context_iterate(ctx, 2) end ]]-- -- Syntax: #invoke:params|picking|number of parameters to pick|pipe to --[[ library.picking = function (ctx) local len = tonumber(ctx.pipe[1]) if len == nil or len < 1 or math.floor(len) ~= len then error(modulename .. ', ‘picking’: The number of parameters to pick must be an integer greater than zero', 0) end if ctx.n_parents < 1 then copy_table_maxn(ctx.params, ctx.oparams, len) else copy_table_maxn(ctx.params, ctx.parents[ctx.n_parents], len) end return context_iterate(ctx, 2) end ]]-- -- Syntax: #invoke:params|detaching_substack|pipe to library.detaching_substack = function (ctx) local ncurrparent = ctx.n_parents if ncurrparent < 1 then error(modulename .. ', ‘detaching_substack’: No substack has been created', 0) end local parent = ctx.parents[ncurrparent] for key in pairs(ctx.params) do parent[key] = nil end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|dropping_substack|pipe to library.dropping_substack = function (ctx) local ncurrparent = ctx.n_parents if ncurrparent < 1 then error(modulename .. ', ‘dropping_substack’: No substack has been created', 0) end ctx.params, ctx.parents[ncurrparent], ctx.n_parents = ctx.parents[ncurrparent], nil, ncurrparent - 1 return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|leaving_substack|pipe to library.leaving_substack = function (ctx) local ncurrparent = ctx.n_parents if ncurrparent < 1 then error(modulename .. ', ‘leaving_substack’: No substack has been created', 0) end local currsnap = ctx.n_children + 1 if ctx.children == nil then ctx.children = { ctx.params } else ctx.children[currsnap] = ctx.params end ctx.params, ctx.parents[ncurrparent], ctx.n_parents, ctx.n_children = ctx.parents[ncurrparent], nil, ncurrparent - 1, currsnap return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|merging_substack|pipe to library.merging_substack = function (ctx) local ncurrparent = ctx.n_parents if ncurrparent < 1 then error(modulename .. ', ‘merging_substack’: No substack has been created', 0) end local parent, child = ctx.parents[ncurrparent], ctx.params ctx.params, ctx.parents[ncurrparent], ctx.n_parents = parent, nil, ncurrparent - 1 for key, val in pairs(child) do parent[key] = val end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|flushing|pipe to library.flushing = function (ctx) if ctx.n_children < 1 then error(modulename .. ', ‘flushing’: There are no substacks to flush', 0) end local parent, currsnap = ctx.params, ctx.n_children for key, val in pairs(ctx.children[currsnap]) do parent[key] = val end ctx.children[currsnap], ctx.n_children = nil, currsnap - 1 return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|setting_by_flushing|pipe to library.setting_by_flushing = function (ctx) set_strings_from_substack(ctx, ctx, 'setting_by_flushing') return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end --[[ Functions ]]-- ----------------------------- -- Syntax: #invoke:params|count library.count = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` and `ctx.params` might be the original metatables! local retval = 0 for _ in ctx.iterfunc(ctx.params) do retval = retval + 1 end if ctx.subset == -1 then retval = retval - #ctx.params end ctx.text = retval return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:args|concat_and_call|template name|[prepend 1]|[prepend 2]| -- [...]|[item n]|[named item 1=value 1]|[...]|[named item n=value -- n]|[...] library.concat_and_call = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! local tname local opts = ctx.pipe if opts[1] ~= nil then tname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if tname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘concat_and_call’: No template name was provided', 0) end remove_numeric_keys(opts, 1, 1) ctx.text = ctx.frame:expandTemplate{ title = tname, args = concat_params(ctx) } return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:args|concat_and_invoke|module name|function name|[prepend -- 1]|[prepend 2]|[...]|[item n]|[named item 1=value 1]|[...]|[named -- item n=value n]|[...] library.concat_and_invoke = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! local mname, fname local opts = ctx.pipe if opts[1] ~= nil then mname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if mname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘concat_and_invoke’: No module name was provided', 0) end if opts[2] ~= nil then fname = opts[2]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if fname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘concat_and_invoke’: No function name was provided', 0) end remove_numeric_keys(opts, 1, 2) local mfunc = require('Module:' .. mname)[fname] if mfunc == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘concat_and_invoke’: The function ‘' .. fname .. '’ does not exist', 0) end ctx.text = mfunc(ctx.frame:newChild{ title = 'Module:' .. mname, args = concat_params(ctx) }) return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:args|concat_and_magic|parser function|[prepend 1]|[prepend -- 2]|[...]|[item n]|[named item 1=value 1]|[...]|[named item n= -- value n]|[...] library.concat_and_magic = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! local magic local opts = ctx.pipe if opts[1] ~= nil then magic = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if magic == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘concat_and_magic’: No parser function was provided', 0) end remove_numeric_keys(opts, 1, 1) ctx.text = ctx.frame:callParserFunction(magic, concat_params(ctx)) return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|value_of|parameter name library.value_of = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` and `ctx.params` might be the original metatables! local opts = ctx.pipe if opts[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘value_of’: No parameter name was provided', 0) end local val local key = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' if key == '0' or key:find'^%-?[1-9]%d*$' ~= nil then key = tonumber(key) val = ctx.params[key] -- No worries: #ctx.params is unused when the modifier is in -- first position (and therefore `ctx.params` is a metatable) if val ~= nil and ( ctx.subset ~= -1 or key > #ctx.params or key < 1 ) and ( ctx.subset ~= 1 or (key <= #ctx.params and key > 0) ) then ctx.text = (ctx.header or '') .. val .. (ctx.footer or '') else ctx.text = ctx.ifngiven or '' end else val = ctx.params[key] if ctx.subset ~= 1 and val ~= nil then ctx.text = (ctx.header or '') .. val .. (ctx.footer or '') else ctx.text = ctx.ifngiven or '' end end return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|list library.list = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` might be the original metatable! local ret, nss, kvs, pps = {}, 0, ctx.pairsep or '', ctx.itersep or '' flush_params(ctx, function (key, val) ret[nss + 1], ret[nss + 2], ret[nss + 3], ret[nss + 4], nss = pps, key, kvs, val, nss + 4 end) finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 4) return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|list_values library.list_values = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` might be the original metatable! -- NOTE: `library.coins()` and `library.unique_coins()` rely on us local ret, nss, pps = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or '' flush_params(ctx, function (key, val) ret[nss + 1], ret[nss + 2], nss = pps, val, nss + 2 end) finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2) return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|list_maybe_with_names library.list_maybe_with_names = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` might be the original metatable! local ret, nss, kvs, pps = {}, 0, ctx.pairsep or '', ctx.itersep or '' mixed_flush_params( ctx, function (key, val) ret[nss + 1], ret[nss + 2], ret[nss + 3], ret[nss + 4], nss = pps, '', '', val, nss + 4 end, function (key, val) ret[nss + 1], ret[nss + 2], ret[nss + 3], ret[nss + 4], nss = pps, key, kvs, val, nss + 4 end ) finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 4) return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|coins|[first coin = value 1]|[second coin = value -- 2]|[...]|[last coin = value N] --[[ library.coins = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` might be the original metatable! local opts, tbl = ctx.pipe, ctx.params for key, val in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = opts[get_parameter_name(val)] end return library.list_values(ctx) end ]]-- -- Syntax: #invoke:params|unique_coins|[first coin = value 1]|[second coin = -- value 2]|[...]|[last coin = value N] --[[ library.unique_coins = function (ctx) local tmp local opts, tbl = ctx.pipe, ctx.params for key, val in pairs(tbl) do tmp = get_parameter_name(val) tbl[key], opts[tmp] = opts[tmp], nil end return library.list_values(ctx) end ]] -- Syntax: #invoke:params|for_each|wikitext library.for_each = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` might be the original metatable! local ret, nss, pps, txt = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or '', ctx.pipe[1] or '' local skel, cnv, n_parts = parse_placeholder_string(txt) flush_params(ctx, function (key, val) for idx = 2, n_parts, 2 do if skel[idx] then cnv[idx] = val else cnv[idx] = tostring(key) end end ret[nss + 1], nss = pps, nss + 2 ret[nss] = table.concat(cnv) end) finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2) return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|call_for_each|template name|[append 1]|[append 2]| -- [...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...]|[named param -- n=value n]|[...] library.call_for_each = function (ctx) local tname local opts = ctx.pipe if opts[1] ~= nil then tname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if tname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘call_for_each’: No template name was provided', 0) end local model = { title = tname, args = opts } local ret, nss, ccs = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or '' table.insert(opts, 1, true) flush_params(ctx, function (key, val) opts[1], opts[2], ret[nss + 1], nss = key, val, ccs, nss + 2 ret[nss] = ctx.frame:expandTemplate(model) end) finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2) return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|invoke_for_each|module name|module function|[append -- 1]|[append 2]|[...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...]| -- [named param n=value n]|[...] library.invoke_for_each = function (ctx) local mname, fname local opts = ctx.pipe if opts[1] ~= nil then mname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if mname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘invoke_for_each’: No module name was provided', 0) end if opts[2] ~= nil then fname = opts[2]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if fname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘invoke_for_each’: No function name was provided', 0) end local model = { title = 'Module:' .. mname, args = opts } local mfunc = require(model.title)[fname] local ret, nss, ccs = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or '' flush_params(ctx, function (key, val) opts[1], opts[2], ret[nss + 1], nss = key, val, ccs, nss + 2 ret[nss] = mfunc(ctx.frame:newChild(model)) end) finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2) return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|magic_for_each|parser function|[append 1]|[append -- 2]|[...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...]|[named param -- n=value n]|[...] library.magic_for_each = function (ctx) local magic local opts = ctx.pipe if opts[1] ~= nil then magic = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if magic == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘magic_for_each’: No parser function was provided', 0) end local ret, nss, ccs = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or '' table.insert(opts, 1, true) flush_params(ctx, function (key, val) opts[1], opts[2], ret[nss + 1], nss = key, val, ccs, nss + 2 ret[nss] = ctx.frame:callParserFunction(magic, opts) end) finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2) return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|call_for_each_value|template name|[append 1]|[append -- 2]|[...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...]|[named param -- n=value n]|[...] library.call_for_each_value = function (ctx) local tname local opts = ctx.pipe if opts[1] ~= nil then tname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if tname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘call_for_each_value’: No template name was provided', 0) end local model = { title = tname, args = opts } local ret, nss, ccs = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or '' flush_params(ctx, function (key, val) opts[1], ret[nss + 1], nss = val, ccs, nss + 2 ret[nss] = ctx.frame:expandTemplate(model) end) finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2) return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|invoke_for_each_value|module name|[append 1]|[append -- 2]|[...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...]|[named param -- n=value n]|[...] library.invoke_for_each_value = function (ctx) local opts = ctx.pipe local mname, fname if opts[1] ~= nil then mname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if mname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘invoke_for_each_value’: No module name was provided', 0) end if opts[2] ~= nil then fname = opts[2]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if fname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘invoke_for_each_value’: No function name was provided', 0) end local model = { title = 'Module:' .. mname, args = opts } local mfunc = require(model.title)[fname] local ret, nss, ccs = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or '' remove_numeric_keys(opts, 1, 1) flush_params(ctx, function (key, val) opts[1], ret[nss + 1], nss = val, ccs, nss + 2 ret[nss] = mfunc(ctx.frame:newChild(model)) end) finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2) return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|magic_for_each_value|parser function|[append 1]| -- [append 2]|[...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...]|[named -- param n=value n]|[...] library.magic_for_each_value = function (ctx) local opts = ctx.pipe local magic if opts[1] ~= nil then magic = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if magic == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘magic_for_each_value’: No parser function was provided', 0) end local ret, nss, ccs = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or '' flush_params(ctx, function (key, val) opts[1], ret[nss + 1], nss = val, ccs, nss + 2 ret[nss] = ctx.frame:callParserFunction(magic, opts) end) finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2) return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|call_for_each_group|template name|[append 1]|[append -- 2]|[...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...]|[named param -- n=value n]|[...] library.call_for_each_group = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` and `ctx.params` might be the original metatables! local tmp if ctx.pipe[1] ~= nil then tmp = ctx.pipe[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if tmp == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘call_for_each_group’: No template name was provided', 0) end local model = { title = tmp } local opts, ret, nss, ccs = {}, {}, 0, ctx.itersep or '' for key, val in pairs(ctx.pipe) do if type(key) == 'number' then opts[key - 1] = val else opts[key] = val end end ctx.pipe = opts ctx.params = make_groups(ctx.params) flush_params(ctx, function (gid, group) for key, val in pairs(opts) do group[key] = val end group[0], model.args, ret[nss + 1], nss = gid, group, ccs, nss + 2 ret[nss] = ctx.frame:expandTemplate(model) end) finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2) return false end --[[ First-position-only modifiers ]]-- --------------------------------------- -- Syntax: #invoke:params|new|pipe to static_iface.new = function (child_frame) local ctx = context_new(child_frame) ctx.pipe = copy_or_ref_table(ctx.opipe, false) ctx.params = {} main_loop(ctx, context_iterate(ctx, 1)) return ctx.text end --[[ First-position-only functions ]]-- --------------------------------------- -- Syntax: #invoke:params|self static_iface.self = function (frame) return frame:getParent():getTitle() end --[[ Public metatable of functions ]]-- --------------------------------------- return setmetatable({}, { __index = function (_, query) local fname = query:match'^%s*(.*%S)' if fname == nil then error(modulename .. ': You must specify a function to call', 0) end local func = static_iface[fname] if func ~= nil then return func end func = library[fname] if func == nil then error(modulename .. ': The function ‘' .. fname .. '’ does not exist', 0) end return function (child_frame) local ctx = context_new(child_frame) ctx.pipe = copy_or_ref_table(ctx.opipe, refpipe[fname]) ctx.params = copy_or_ref_table(ctx.oparams, refparams[fname]) main_loop(ctx, func) return ctx.text end end }) jd4jhydnyce3tw9c50qwx3yd53quopx 0 73125 736879 722634 2026-10-08T18:02:35Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 736879 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Moky Makura''' (née '''Jumoke Akinsemoyin''') <ref> {{Cite web|url=https://www.malvernstjames.co.uk/ma100/moky-makura/|work=malvernstjames.co.uk|title=Person page|accessdate=July 10, 2025}} </ref>bụ onye Naijiria na-ede akwụkwọ, onye nta akụkọ, onye na-eme ihe nkiri, na onye ọchụnta ego nke na-arụ ọrụ dịka onye isi nchịkwa nke Africa No Filter (ANF), otu nzukọ na-achọ ịkwalite mgbanwe n'Africa site na mgbasa ozi ọha. == Ndụ == A mụrụ Makura na Lagos, Naijiria, dị ka onye otu House of Akinsemoyin, Ezinụlọ eze nke usoro ndị isi Naijiria.<ref> {{Cite web|url=https://www.malvernstjames.co.uk/ma100/moky-makura/|work=malvernstjames.co.uk|title=Person page|accessdate=July 10, 2025}} </ref><ref> {{Cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/share/p/19cTBrR1Ro/|work=facebook.com|title=Omoba Moky Makura|author=African Royal Families|accessdate=July 10, 2025}} </ref> O nwere akara ugo mmụta na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, akụ na ụba, na iwu na Mahadum Buckingham. N'afọ 1998, ọ kwagara South Africa, na 1999, ọ malitere ụlọ ọrụ ndụmọdụ nke ya. <ref name="anf">{{Cite web|title=Moky Makura|url=https://africanofilter.org/people/moky-makura|publisher=Africa No Filter|accessdate=2026-03-07|archivedate=2023-04-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419164136/https://africanofilter.org/people/moky-makura}}</ref><ref name="tvsa" /><ref name="bsa">{{Cite news|author=SAinfo reporter|title=Meet Africa's greatest entrepreneurs|url=https://www.brandsouthafrica.com/investments-immigration/africa-gateway/greatestentrepreneurs|work=Brand South Africa|date=18 February 2009|archive-date=28 October 2021|access-date=7 March 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211028175415/https://www.brandsouthafrica.com/investments-immigration/africa-gateway/greatestentrepreneurs|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ọ bụ osote onye nduzi maka Communications Africa na Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, ma kemgbe 2017 ọ bụ onye nnọchi anya Foundation na South Africa.<ref name="anf" /> N'ọnwa Machị 2020, ọ malitere ọrụ n'ime otu na-abụghị maka uru Africa No Filter (ANF). Ọ na-eje ozi dị ka onye isi nchịkwa nke ANF kemgbe oge ahụ.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Mogoatlhe|first=Lerato|title=Moky Makura Wants to Change the Way the World Sees Africa by Empowering Its Storytellers|url=https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/content/moky-makura-african-stories/|work=[[Global Citizen (organization)|Global Citizen]]|date=18 August 2020|accessdate=3 January 2023}}</ref> Na South Africa, ọ rụkwara ọrụ na telivishọn, ọkachasị na usoro ihe nkiri Jacob's Cross . <ref name="tvsa">{{Cite web|title=Moky Makura|url=https://www.tvsa.co.za/actors/viewactor.aspx?actorid=3458|publisher=TVSA - The South African TV Authority|access-date=2026-03-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250116113111/https://www.tvsa.co.za/actors/viewactor.aspx?actorid=3458|archive-date=2025-01-16|url-status=dead}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20250116113111/https://www.tvsa.co.za/actors/viewactor.aspx?actorid=3458 "Moky Makura"]. TVSA - The South African TV Authority.</cite></ref> == Akwụkwọ == * ''Ndị Ọchụnta ego Kasị Ukwuu n'Africa'', Penguin Random House (2008). == Edemsibia == {{Reflist}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 31yoku6hbwhkhxn2u8qz0uhe9s87rnq 0 73442 736866 735731 2026-10-08T13:38:59Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 736866 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:Margaret Mutu 2025 (cropped).jpg|thumb|362x362px|Margaret Mutu na 3 Febụwarị 2025]]   '''Margaret Shirley Mutu''' bụ onye ndu Ngāti Kahu, onye ode akwụkwọ na agụmakwụkwọ sitere na Karikari, New Zealand wee rụọ ọrụ na Mahadum Auckland, New Zealand. Ọ bụ Māori na iwi (ebo) ya bụ Ngāti Kahu, Te Rarawa na Ngāti Whātua. == Akụkọ ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == A mụrụ Mutu na Auckland . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=1986-01-01|title=Mutu, Margaret, active 1986-2000s|url=https://natlib.govt.nz/records/22527291|accessdate=2021-09-20|work=National Library of New Zealand|language=en-NZ}}</ref> Nne ya Penelope Brough-Robertson bụ Pākehā nke sitere na Scotland ma bụrụ onye nọọsụ na National Women's Hospital . <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|author=Husband|first=Dale|date=2015-12-12|title=Margaret Mutu: They told me I'd know how to beat these Pākehā|url=https://e-tangata.co.nz/korero/margaret-mutu-they-told-me-id-know-how-to-beat-these-pakeha/|accessdate=2021-09-20|work=E-Tangata|language=en-NZ}}</ref> A zụlitere nna ya Tame / Tom Mutu na Northern Wairoa na mpụga Dargaville ma bụrụkwa onye Maori na-esonyere Ngāti Kahu, Te Rarawa na Ngāti Whātua, ndị niile si Northland Region nke New Zealand.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /> Ụlọ akwụkwọ ọ gara mgbe ọ na-etolite na Mount Roskill, Auckland bụ Waikowhai Primary School na Mt Roskill Intermediate. Mgbe nna ya nwụsịrị, Mutu gara ụlọ akwụkwọ na New Plymouth, na New Prymouth Girls" High boarding na Rangiātea Methodist Māori Girls hostel.<ref name=":2" /> Mutu nwetara BSc na mgbakọ na mwepụ, MPhil na ọmụmụ Maori, PhD na ọmụmụ Māori na Mahadum nke Auckland na-ahụ maka asụsụ.<ref name=":1"/><ref>{{Cite web|title=Author Interview: Margaret Mutu|url=http://manoa.hawaii.edu/tcp/node/58|accessdate=2021-09-20|work=Manoa Hawaii}}</ref> A kpọrọ akwụkwọ edemede doctoral ya Aspects of the structure of the Ùa Pou dialect of the Marquesan language . == Ọrụ == Mutu bụ Prọfesọ nke Māori Studies na Mahadum Auckland.Ọ kuziri nkuzi asụsụ Māori na Treaty of Waitangi kemgbe 1986.Mutu bụ onye otu Royal Society of New Zealand a họpụtara na 2017.<ref name="iwi"/> <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|year=2011|title=New Zealand Parliament|url=http://www.parliament.nz/en-NZ/PB/SC/Documents/Evidence/b/c/e/49SCMA_EVI_00DBHOH_BILL10309_1_A159877-Te-Runanga-a-iwi-o-Ngati-Kahu.htm|accessdate=7 September 2011}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www.parliament.nz/en-NZ/PB/SC/Documents/Evidence/b/c/e/49SCMA_EVI_00DBHOH_BILL10309_1_A159877-Te-Runanga-a-iwi-o-Ngati-Kahu.htm "New Zealand Parliament"]. 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 September</span> 2011</span>.</cite></ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-03-22|title=News and opinion|url=https://www.auckland.ac.nz/en/about/news-events-and-notices/news/news-2017/11/renowned-maaori-scholar-honoured-by-royal-society.html|accessdate=2021-03-25|work=The University of Auckland}}</ref> Mutu jidere ọtụtụ ọrụ onyeisi oche gụnyere nke Te Rūnanga-ā-Iwi o Ngāti Kahu (konde nke ndị nnọchiteanya, ma ọ bụ ndị omeiwu, nke Ngāti Kaho iwi ma ọ bụ mba), <ref name="iwi">{{Cite web|url=http://ngatikahu.iwi.nz/node/47|title=Chairperson &#124; Ngāti Kahu|work=ngatikahu.iwi.nz|year=2011|accessdate=7 September 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130208065401/http://ngatikahu.iwi.nz/node/47|archivedate=8 February 2013|url-status=dead}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">. ''ngatikahu.iwi.nz''. 2011. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20130208065401/http://ngatikahu.iwi.nz/node/47 the original] on 8 February 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 September</span> 2011</span>.</cite></ref> Onye isi na-azọrọ Ngāti Kaha na onye isi na-ekwuchitere nkwekọrịta nkwekọrịta, na ọnụ na-ekwuru mgbasa ozi, onye otu National Iwi Chairs' Forum (na-anọchite anya Ngāti Kahi). <ref>{{Cite web|title=Home - Sharing the vision of Kotahitanga|work=Iwi Chairs Forum - Sharing the vision of Kotahitanga|url=https://iwichairs.maori.nz/|accessdate=2021-03-25}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye isi oche nke Matike Mai Aotearoa: The Independent Working Group on Constitutional Transformation, nke Moana Jackson kpọkọtara, na onye isi oche of the Aotearoa Independent Monitoring Mechanism nke na-enyocha nkwenye New Zealand na United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Constitutional Working Group - Sharing the vision of Kotahitanga|work=Iwi Chairs Forum - Sharing the vision of Kotahitanga|date=2021-03-12|url=https://iwichairs.maori.nz/our-kaupapa/constitutional-working-group/|accessdate=2021-03-25}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.converge.org.nz/|title=Converge|accessdate=11 June 2019|archivedate=14 June 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190614111141/http://www.converge.org.nz/}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye isi oche nke Karikari marae na Kapehu marae (na Northern Wairoa). <ref name=":3"/> Ndị otu kọmitii na bọọdụ gụnyere New Zealand Conservation Authority, bọọdụ nke National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Board of Enquiry into the New Zealand Coastal Policy Statement na kọmitii teknụzụ nke United Nations Convention on Biodiversity . <ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=Chairperson|url=http://www.ngatikahu.iwi.nz/node/47|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210223025837/https://www.ngatikahu.iwi.nz/node/47|archivedate=2021-02-23|accessdate=2021-09-20|work=Ngāti Kahu}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www.ngatikahu.iwi.nz/node/47 "Chairperson"]. ''Ngāti Kahu''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210223025837/https://www.ngatikahu.iwi.nz/node/47 Archived] from the original on 23 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite></ref> Site na 2009 ruo 2015 Mutu bụ onye otu nchịkọta akụkọ nke AlterNative - A Journal of Indigenous Scholarship . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Professor Margaret Mutu|url=https://www.arts.auckland.ac.nz/people/mmut003|accessdate=2021-09-20|work=The University of Auckland}}</ref> == Nsọpụrụ na ihe nrite == N'afọ 2015, Royal Society of New Zealand nyere Mutu onyinye nturu ugo Pou Aronui "maka ntinye aka ya na-akwado ikike na akwukwo ndi obodo". N'afọ 2017, a họpụtara Mutu dị ka otu n'ime "ụmụ nwanyị 150 na okwu 150" nke Royal Society Te Aparangi, na-eme emume maka onyinye ụmụ nwanyị nyere maka ihe ọmụma na New Zealand.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Margaret Mutu|url=https://www.royalsociety.org.nz/150th-anniversary/150-women-in-150-words/1968-2017/margaret-mutu/|accessdate=2021-05-11|work=Royal Society Te Apārangi}}</ref> == Akwụkwọ akụkọ == === Akwụkwọ === * Mutu, Margaret, Lloyd Pōpata, Te Kani Williams, Ānahera Herbert-Graves, Reremoana Rēnata, JudyAnn Cooze, Zarah Pineaha, Tania Thomas, Te Ikanui Kingi-Waiaua, Te Rūnanga-ā-Iwi ma ọ bụ Ngāti Kahu na Wackrow, Williams na Davies Ltd. 2017. Ngāti Kahu: Foto nke Mba Na-achị Isi. Wellington, Huia Publishers.   * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] ''Ọnọdụ nke ikike ndị Maori''. Wellington, Huia Publishers. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-1-86969-437-1|<bdi>978-1-86969-437-1</bdi>]] &nbsp; * Mutu, Margaret na McCully Matiu. 2003. ''Te Whānau Moana - Ngā kaupapa me Ngati tikanga - Omenala na usoro iwu''. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/0790008394|<bdi>0790008394</bdi>]] &nbsp; * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] 2002. ''Þa Pou: Akụkụ nke ire okwu Marquesan''. Canberra: Asụsụ Pacific. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/0858835266|<bdi>0858835266</bdi>]] &nbsp; === Akụkọ ndị a na-ede na akwụkwọ akụkọ === * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] "N'azụ anwụrụ ọkụ na enyo nke Nkwekọrịta nke Waitangi na-azọrọ usoro nkwekọrịta na New Zealand: Enweghị atụmanya maka ikpe ziri ezi na ime udo maka Māori na-enweghị mgbanwe iwu" na Journal of Global Ethics Vol.14:2. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1744-9626 1744-9626] &nbsp; * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] "Indigenizing the University of Auckland" na Canadian Journal of Native Education: Indigenizing International Academy. Izu ohi 37, Nke 1, peeji nke 63-85, Vancouver, Mahadum nke British Columbia. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0710-1481 0710-1481] &nbsp; * Abel, Sue na Margaret Mutu, 2011. "E nwere ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na mgbe ahụ E nwere ịkpa oke agbụrụ - Margaret Mutu na arụmụka ịkpa ókè nwoke na nwanyị", na ''The New Zealand Journal of Media Studies'', Vol. 12, Nke 2, peeji nke1-19. * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] 2009. "Ọrụ nke akụkọ ihe mere eme na ọdịnala ọnụ na mweghachi nke mmeri Fagin na-emeghị nke ọma: idozi nkwupụta Ngāti Kahu megide okpueze" na Te Pouhere Kōrero Journal: Māori History, Māori People, peeji nke 23-44. * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] 2005. "Na Nchọgharị nke Njikọ Māori Na-efu efu - Nọgide na njirimara agbụrụ na iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe asụsụ na mweghachi nke asụsụ Maori" na International Journal of the Sociology of Language. Izu ohi 172, peeji nke 117-132. New York, Mouton === Isiakwụkwọ akwụkwọ === * Mutu, Margaret. 2017. "Māori of New Zealand" in Sharlotte Neely (ed), ''Native Nations: The Survival of Fourth World Peoples'' (2nd edn), Vernon, British Columbia, Canada, JCharlton Publishing. pp 87–113.  [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-1-926476-17-9|<bdi>978-1-926476-17-9</bdi>]] * Mutu, Margaret. 2015. "Unravelling Colonial Weaving", in Paul Little and [[Wendyl Nissen]] (eds), ''Stroppy Old Women''. Auckland, Paul Little Books. pp. 165–178.  [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-0-473-25860-3|<bdi>978-0-473-25860-3</bdi>]] * Mutu, Margaret. 2012. "Custom Law and the Advent of New Pākehā Settlers: Tuku Whenua Allocation of Resource Use Rights" in Danny Keenan (ed.) Huia Histories of Māori: Ngā Tāhuhu Kōrero. Wellington, Huia. pp. 93-108.  [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-1-77550-009-4|<bdi>978-1-77550-009-4</bdi>]] * Mutu, Margaret. 2012. "Fisheries Settlement: The Sea I Never Gave", in Janine Hayward and Nicola Wheen (eds), ''Treaty of Waitangi Settlements''. Wellington, Bridget Williams Books, pp. 114–123.  [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-1-927131-38-1|<bdi>978-1-927131-38-1</bdi>]] * Mutu, Margaret. 2010. "Constitutional Intentions: The Treaty Text" in Mulholland, Malcolm and Veronica Tāwahi (eds). Weeping Waters. Wellington, Huia. pp 13–40.  [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/9781869694043|<bdi>9781869694043</bdi>]] * Mutu, Margaret. 2010. "Ngāti Kahu Kaitiakitanga" in Malcolm Mulholland, Rachel Selby, Pataka Moore (eds). Māori and the Environment. Wellington, Huia. pp 13–36.  [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/9781869694029|<bdi>9781869694029</bdi>]] * Mutu, Margaret. 2009. "Māori Media Depiction of Chinese: From Despised and Feared to Cultural and Political Allies" in Manying Ip (ed), ''The Dragon and the Taniwha''. Auckland, Auckland University Press.  [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/9781869404369|<bdi>9781869404369</bdi>]] * Mutu, Margaret. 2006. "Recovering and Developing Ngāti Kahu's Prosperity" in Malcolm Mulholland (ed), ''State of the Māori Nation''. Auckland, Reed Publishing.  [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/9780790010427|<bdi>9780790010427</bdi>]] * Mutu, Margaret. 2004. "The Humpty Dumpty principle at work: The role of mistranslation in the British settlement of Aotearoa: The Declaration of Independence and He wakaputanga o te Rangatiratanga o nga hapu o Nu Tireni" in Sabine Fenton (ed), ''For better or for worse: Translation as a tool for change in the South Pacific''. Manchester, England, St Jerome Publishing.  [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-1-900650-67-0|<bdi>978-1-900650-67-0</bdi>]] * Mutu, Margaret. 2004. "Recovering Fagin's Ill-gotten Gains: Settling Ngāti Kahu's Treaty of Waitangi Claims against the Crown" in Michael Belgrave, David Williams and Merata Kāwharu (eds), ''Waitangi Revisited: Perspectives on the Treaty of Waitangi''. Melbourne, Australia, Oxford University Press.  [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/9780195584004|<bdi>9780195584004</bdi>]] * Mutu, Margaret. 2004. "Researching the Pacific" in Tupeni Baba, 'Okusitino Mahina, Nuhisifa Williams and Unaisi Nabobo-Baba (eds). Researching the Pacific and Indigenous Peoples. Auckland, Centre for Pacific Studies, The University of Auckland.  [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0908959079|<bdi>0908959079</bdi>]] * Mutu, Margaret. 2002. "Barriers to tangata whenua participation in resource management" in Merata Kāwharu (ed), ''Whenua: Managing our resources''. Auckland, Reed Publishing.  [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/9780790008585|<bdi>9780790008585</bdi>]] === Akụkọ === * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Na Margaret Mutu, He Whakaaro Here Whakaumu Mō Aotearoa: Akụkọ nke Matike Mai Aotearoa - Òtù Na-arụ Ọrụ Onwe Ya na Mgbanwe Iwu. Auckland, Mahadum nke Auckland na National Iwi Chairs Forum. peeji nke 125. == Edensibia == <references /> {{Reflist}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] c75hzk9itp29d3kq6bdm82r6rg11lj3 0 73834 736904 734987 2026-10-09T10:16:49Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 736904 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:Cover-page-of-samkshepa-vedartham.jpg|thumb|349x349px|Ihu akwụkwọ nke ''Samkshepa Vedartham'', nke e bipụtara na Rom na 1772, akwụkwọ Malayalam mbụ e bipụtara.]] '''Samkshepa Vedartham''' (n'asụsụ Malayalam; aha zuru ezu n'asụsụ Maalayalam; aha zuo ezu n'ụdị Latịn: '''Compendiosa legis explanatio omnibus Christianis scitu necessaria Malabarico idiomate'''). <ref name="Babu" /> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Seminar on Samkshepavedartham|url=http://kearchives.in/samkshepavedartham-and-njanapeeyusham|work=kearchives.in|publisher=St. Kuriakose Elias Chavara Archives and Research Centre|accessdate=17 July 2024}}</ref> Asụsụ Malayalam bụ otu n'ime asụsụ iri abụọ na abụọ e depụtara na India, ọ dịkarịa ala nde mmadụ iri atọ na ise na-asụ ya na India, a kpọkwara ya asụsụ oge ochie nke India. Samkshepa Vedartham bụ akwụkwọ katekism nke e dere n'ụdị ajụjụ na azịza. Clemente Peani (1731–1782), nke a makwaara dị ka Clemens Peanius, dere ya, onye so na Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples nke rutere Kerala na 1757 ma nọrọ ọtụtụ afọ ebe ahụ dị ka onye ozi ala ọzọ nke Ndị Kraịst..<ref>{{Cite web|author=Saju Chelangad|title=മലയാളഭാഷയും ക്രൈസ്തവ മിഷണറിമാരും|url=https://archives.mathrubhumi.com/books/features/samkshepa-vedartham-old-malayalam-books-1.2763742|work=mathrubhumi.com|publisher=Mathrubhumi Publications|accessdate=17 July 2024}}</ref> E bipụtara akwụkwọ ahụ n'afọ 1772 na Rom site na iji ụdị a na-ebugharị ebugharị. Peanius ga-ebipụ ihe ruru ụdị mkpụrụedemede 1128 maka ibipụta akwụkwọ ahụ.<ref name="Babu" /> Peani bụkwa onye dere akwụkwọ ọzọ akpọrọ "Alphabetum grandonico-malabaricum sive samscrudonicum" nke e bipụtara na Rom na 1772 na-ekwu maka mkpụrụedemede Malayalam. Akwụkwọ ikpeazụ a bụ akwụkwọ e dere na Latin; ọ bụghị akwụkwọ na Malayalam ọ bụ ezie na mkpụrụedemede Malayalam na ahịrịokwu pụtara n'akwụkwọ ahụ. == Ihe ndị dị n'ime ya == A chịkọtara ihe dị n'ime ''Samkshepa Vedartham'' n'ụzọ a: : "A na-eme nkewa nke ọdịnaya dị ka ìgwè, nkuzi na abụ. Akwụkwọ ahụ dị n'ụdị mkparịta ụka n'etiti onye nkuzi na nwa akwụkwọ ya. Isiokwu ndị a tụlere na-emetụta ụkpụrụ ndị kadinal na okwukwe nke Iso Ụzọ Kraịst na ime mmụọ. Ihe omimi nke okike, ndụ mgbe ọnwụ gasịrị, ihe omimi nke Atọ n'Ime Otu na anụ ahụ, akara nke obe, Ekpere Onyenwe anyị, ozizi nke Iso Ụkpụrụ Kraịst, sakraments asaa, ịdị ọcha na mmehie, ndị edemede wdg. na-akọwa n'ụzọ zuru ezu ha n'ụzọ dị mfe nghọta. "<ref name="Babu">{{Cite web|author=Dr Babu Cherian|title=Report of the MRP Titled Book Publishing in Malayalam: The Beginnings|url=https://cmscollege.ac.in/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/MRP-Report-BABU-CHERIAN.pdf|work=cmscollege.ac.in|publisher=CMS College, Kottayam|accessdate=17 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240713140159/https://cmscollege.ac.in/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/MRP-Report-BABU-CHERIAN.pdf|archive-date=13 July 2024|url-status=dead}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFDr_Babu_Cherian">Dr Babu Cherian. <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ''cmscollege.ac.in''. CMS College, Kottayam<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> == Mbipụta nke oge a == Mbipụta nke abụọ nke ''Samkshepa Vedartham'' ka D. C. Books, Kottayam na Carmel Publishing Centre, Thiruvananthapuram bipụtara na 1980 na mmeghe nke Chummar Choondal na nkọwa nke Mathew Ulakanthara.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Samkshepavedartham|url=https://www.thecmsindia.org/resources/resources-for-researchers/no-450-to-401/samkshepavedartham|work=www.thecmsindia.org|publisher=Christian Musicological Society of India|accessdate=17 July 2024}}</ref> == Ụdị mkpụrụedemede Malayalam ọhụrụ == Ụdị mkpụrụedemede e ji mee mbipụta mbụ nke Samkshepa Vedartham emeela ka ụfọdụ ndị na-ede akwụkwọ edemede Malayalam chepụta ma wuo ụdị mkpụrụedemede ọhụrụ nke oge a na Malayalam nke yiri ụdị mkpụrụedemede Samkshepa Vedartham nke ọma..<ref>{{Cite web|author=Raniya Jalal|title=Malayalam Type Design Inspired from Samkshepavedartham* for the Contemporary Setting *the first printed book in Malayalam script|url=https://typoday.in/spk_papers/Raniya_Jalal_Typoday2023.pdf|work=www.typoday.in|publisher=Typography Today|accessdate=18 July 2024}}</ref> == Ihe odide zuru ezu == * A digitized version nke ederede zuru ezu nke mbụ mbipụta nke '''Samkshepa Vedartham''' dị na Internet Archive na njikọ HERE. * Ihe odide zuru ezu nke ''Samkshepa Vedartham'' na mkpụrụedemede Malayalm nke oge a d na Malayalam Wikisource na njikọ HERE. * A digitized version of ''Alphabetum grandonico-malabaricum sive samscrudonicum'' dị na njikọ HERE. == Hụkwa == == Edensibịa == {{Reflist}} kx4e24eevaqao6au901enslk0tte239 0 73848 736915 631451 2026-10-09T11:43:59Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 736915 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Onye otu ndị agha Republican nke Ireland (1928–2001)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}} {{Infobox military person | name = Seán Mac Stíofáin | birth_date = 17 February 1928 | death_date = 18 May 2001 (aged 73) | birth_place = [[Leytonstone]], [[London]], England | death_place = [[Navan]], [[County Meath]], Ireland | placeofburial = | placeofburial_label = | birth_name = John Edward Drayton Stephenson | nickname = | allegiance = [[United Kingdom]] <small>(ruo 1949)</small><br> [[Irish Republic]] <small>(mgbe afọ 1949 gachara)</small> | branch = [[Royal Air Force]] <small>(1945–1948)</small><br/>[[Irish Republican Army (1922–1969)|Irish Republican Army]] <small>(1949–1969)</small><br/>[[Provisional Irish Republican Army|Provisional IRA]] <small>(1969–1973)</small> | serviceyears = 1945–1973 | rank = [[Corporal#United Kingdom|Corporal]] <small>(Royal Air Force)</small> [[IRA Director of Intelligence|Director of Intelligence]] <small>(IRA)</small> [[Chief of staff]] <small>(Provisional IRA)</small> | unit = | commands = | battles = [[The Troubles]] | awards = | relations = | laterwork = [[Onye nta akụkọ]] }} '''Seán Mac Stíofáin''' (amụrụ '''John Edward Drayton Stephenson'''; 17 Febụwarị 1928– 18 Mee 2001) bụ onye Bekee a mụrụ [[Ndepụta nke Ndị Isi Ndị Ọrụ IRA|onyeisi ndị ọrụ]] nke [[Ndị Agha Republican nke Ireland Provisional|Provisional IRA]], ọkwa o nwere n'etiti 1969 rụọ na 1972. ==Ndụ nwata ya== Ọ bụ ezie na o jiri ụdị aha [[Gaelicisation|Gaelicised]] mee ihe n'oge o mechara ndụ, a mụrụ Mac Stíofáin John Edward Drayton Stephenson na [[Leytonstone]], [[London]], na 1928. Ọ bụ naanị otu nwa, nna ya bụ odeakwụkwọ ọkaiwu [[ndị Bekee|English]], nne ya bụkwa onye London si [[Ndị Protestant Ulster|Ndị Protestant Ulster]] na [[Belfast|ọwụwa anyanwụ Belfast]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2001/may/20/northernireland.theobserver|title=Death of the Englishman who led the Provisionals|author=Hunter, John|date=20 May 2001|access-date=3 May 2020|work=[[The Observer]]|archive-date=10 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410191225/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2001/may/20/northernireland.theobserver|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>Second- and third-generation Irish joining the republican movement is not uncommon – see the October 2004 ''[[Fortnight Magazine]]'' book review of "Choosing The Green? Second Generation Irish and the Cause of Ireland" by Brian Dooley [https://web.archive.org/web/20060430070947/http://www.fortnight.org/oruairc429.html here] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060430070947/http://www.fortnight.org/oruairc429.html |date=30 April 2006 }}.</ref> O kwuru na nne ya hapụrụ ya ihe dị ya n'obi mgbe ọ dị afọ asaa site n'inye ya ntụziaka: <blockquote>"Abụ m onye Ireland, ya mere ị bụ onye Ireland… Echefula ya."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/northern_ireland/1338365.stm|title=Sean MacStiofain: Londoner who led the IRA|date=18 May 2001|work=BBC News|access-date=14 February 2014|archive-date=22 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222130840/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/northern_ireland/1338365.stm|url-status=live}}</ref></blockquote> Nna ya nke na-aṅụbiga mmanya ókè mebiri ndụ nwata ya. Nne ya, onye hụrụ nwa ya nwoke n'anya, nwụrụ mgbe Mac Stíofáin dị afọ iri. Mac Stíofáin gara ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị Katọlik, ebe ọ zutere ụmụ akwụkwọ Irish na-akwado [[Sinn Féin]]. Ọ hapụrụ ụlọ akwụkwọ na 1944 mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na isii ma rụọ ọrụ n'ọrụ iwu ụlọ, tupu ọ bụrụ onye agha [[Ntinye aka na United Kingdom|ndị agha]] na [[Ndị agha ụgbọelu Royal]] na 1945. O ruru ọkwa kopọral. Mgbe ọ hapụsịrị RAF, ọ laghachiri London ebe ọ malitere itinye aka na òtù ndị Ireland na Britain. O buru ụzọ sonyere [[Conradh na Gaeilge]] (Gaelic League), wee banye [[Irish Anti-Partition League]], zụtara (ma mesịa ree) ''[[United Irishman (akwụkwọ akụkọ 1948)|United Irishman]]'', sonyeere Sinn Féin na London, ma mechaa nye aka n'ịhazi otu IRA na 1949. O bu ụzọ zute nwunye ya Máire, onye si [[Castletownroche]], County Cork. Mac Stíofáin wee malite ịrụ ọrụ maka [[British Rail]]. ==Isonyere IRA== Na 25 Julaị 1953, Mac Stíofáin sonyere na mwakpo ngwa agha [[Irish Republican Army (1922–69)|IRA]] n'ebe a na-echekwa ngwa agha nke [[Ndị Ọfịs' Training Corps]] na [[Felsted School]] na [[Essex]]. Ndị otu IRA nwetara ihe karịrị egbe 108, egbe Bren iri na egbe Sten asatọ, ngwa agha abụọ na bọmbụ ngwa agha n'oge mwakpo ahụ. Ndị uwe ojii jidere van ahụ bu ngwa ọgụ ndị e zuru awa ole na ole ka nke ahụ gasịrị, n'ihi na ọ na-ebu oke ibu nke na ọ na-aga ihe dị ka 20mph na [[Braintree, Essex|Braintree]] site na okporo ụzọ dị n'azụ ya. Na 19 Ọgọst 1953, a mara ya ikpe, ya na [[Cathal Goulding]] na [[Manus Canning]], mkpọrọ afọ asatọ site n'ụlọ ikpe dị na [[Bishop's Stortford]], Hertfordshire. Ọ bụ n'oge mwakpo ahụ ka Mac Stíofáin mụtara okwu ole na ole mbụ ya nke [[asụsụ Irish|Irish]] n'aka Cathal Goulding. O mechara mụta asụsụ ahụ nke ọma. Mgbe a kpọchiri ya n'ụlọ mkpọrọ [[HM Prison Wormwood Scrubs|Wormwood Scrubs]] na [[HM Prison Brixton|Brixton]], ọ mụtara ọ bụghị naanị obere [[asụsụ Grik|Grik]] n'aka ndị mkpọrọ Saịprọs [[EOKA]] (ọ ghọrọ enyi [[Nikos Sampson]]) kamakwa "eziokwu nke mkpọsa ndị agha nnupụisi megide ọchịchị Britain".<ref name="Saoirse">[http://homepage.tinet.ie/~eirenua/2001/jun01/saoirse3.htm "Outstanding IRA leader and giant of a man in the Republican Movement"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060216123750/http://homepage.tinet.ie/%7Eeirenua/2001/jun01/saoirse3.htm |date=16 February 2006 }}, in: ''[[Saoirse Irish Freedom|Saoirse]]'', June 2001</ref> Mgbe e nyere ya ikike ịpụ apụ na 1959, Mac Stíofáin gara [[Republic of Ireland]] ya na nwunye ya na ezinụlọ ya dị obere wee biri na Dublin, ma mechaa [[Navan]], a makwaara ya dịka aha ya si dị na Irish. Nke a abụghị nleta mbụ ya na mba ahụ, ọ gara Ireland otu ọnwa tupu mwakpo Felsted na 1953.<ref name=memoirs>Mac Stiofain, Sean ''Memoirs of a Revolutionary''</ref> Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-ere ahịa n'otu òtù na-asụ asụsụ Irish. Ọ nọgidere na-arụsi ọrụ ike na IRA ma nye okwu [[Bodenstown]] na 1959. Obi adịghị ya mma maka ụzọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị [[ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị aka ekpe | n'aka ekpe]] - nke malitere site na 1964 - enyi ya mbụ na onyeisi ndị ọrụ IRA, Cathal Goulding, na-eweta na IRA. A họpụtara Mac Stíofáin [[IRA Director of Intelligence]] na 1966, ọ gara n'ihu na-ekwupụta mmegide ya megide usoro Goulding ma na-enweta nkwado n'etiti ndị otu. N'agbanyeghị na ọ kpọrọ ndị aka ekpe asị, ọ pụtara ìhè n'ọgba aghara na [[Midleton]] megide ndị nwe ala na-akwụ ụgwọ ụlọ, [[Kọmitii Ọrụ Ụlọ Dublin]] nakwa megide ndị mba ọzọ zụtara ala ugbo Ireland na [[County Meath]], ebe ọ kwagara na ezinụlọ ya na 1966. A na-ewere Mac Stíofáin, nwoke dị ogologo ma mara mma, dị ka onye na-anaghị aṅụ mmanya ma ọ bụ na-ese anwụrụ. Ọ bụ onye ji okpukpe kpọrọ ihe [[Chọọchị Katọlik|Katọlik]], otu akụkọ dị na ''[[United Irishman (akwụkwọ akụkọ 1948)|United Irishman]]'' were ya iwe, site n'aka [[Roy Johnston]], katọrọ ịkpọ [[Rosary]] n'oge ncheta ndị Republican dị ka "[[okpukpe|okpukpe]]". Maka ịjụ ikesa akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ, a chụpụrụ ya na IRA ruo ọnwa isii.<ref name=memoirs/> ==Na-edu IRA == Mgbe otu ndị agha pụrụ iche nke IRA mere ntuli aka iwepụ ụkpụrụ nke [[ịjụ ime ihe]] na Disemba 1969, otu troika nke gụnyere Mac Stiofáin, [[Dáithí Ó Conaill]] na [[Seamus Twomey]] ha na ndị ọzọ guzobe onwe ha dị ka "Ndị agha nwa oge" na-atụ anya maka esemokwu 1970 Sinn Féin [[Ardfheis | Ard Fheis]]. N'oge a, ndị isi Sinn Féin [[Marxism|Marxist]] enweghị ike iru ihe abụọ n'ime atọ dị mkpa iji gbanwee mmegide iwu nke pati ahụ megide nzụkọ "[[partitionism|partitionist]]". Nke a bụ n'agbanyeghị na e tisasịrị alaka na kọmitii distrikti ndị na-akwado ịgba alụkwaghịm, dịka mkpochapụ nke North Kerry dum na 1966 [[Sinn Féin#Organizational structure|Comhairle Ceantair]], ịnabata alaka iri na atọ "cumainn" (alaka) na ndị otu 250, gụnyere ndị kansụl obodo atọ, ma chụpụ ndị isi dịka May Daly (nwanne Charlie Daly, onye e gburu na Drumboe, Donegal, na 1923, [[John Joe Rice]], Sinn Féin TD site na 1957 ruo 1961 na [[John Joe Sheehy]], onye egwuregwu bọọlụ Kerry nke nwerela ọkaibe na Republican. E chụpụkwara ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ n'otu aka ahụ n'òtù ahụ. Isi okwu bụ mkpebi siri ike nke Kerry n'ịjụ ịnabata [[Parliament nke United Kingdom|Westminster]], [[Oireachtas|Ụlọ Leinster]] na [[Ụlọ omeiwu nke Northern Ireland|Stormont]]. E mechara họpụta Mac Stiofáin onyeisi ndị ọrụ nke Kansụl Ndị Agha Oge. Na Sinn Féin Ard Fheis dị na Dublin na 10 Jenụwarị 1970, Mac Stíofáin kwupụtara site na podium ahụ na ya kwere nkwa na ya "nkwenye na Council Provisional Army Council" tupu ọ duo ndị otu ahụ na-ewe iwe ka ha mepụta ihe ga-aghọ [[Nnukwu Sinn Féin]]. Nkewa ahụ mekwara ka ọbụbụenyi Mac Stíofáin na Cathal Goulding kwụsị, onye gara n'ihu jee ozi dị ka onyeisi ndị ọrụ nke onye mmegide ya [[Official Irish Republican Army|Official IRA]]. Ọ bụ ezie na ha abụọ bụ ezigbo enyi tupu nkewa ahụ, Goulding mechara kpasuo "onye Bekee Irish ahụ". "Kansụl Ndị Agha Oge" n'ọnwa ndị na-abịa so n'òtù mba IRA, ma e wezụga maka ihe ole na ole dị iche iche (nke IRA Company of the Lower [[Falls Road, Belfast]], n'okpuru iwu nke [[Billy McMillen]], na obere ngalaba ndị ọzọ dị na Derry, Newry, Dublin na Wicklow). N'oge na-adịghị anya, a bịara mara ndị ikom Mac Stiofáin dị ka [[[Provisional Irish Republican Army|Provisional IRA]]. A kpọrọ ya "Mac the Knife", Mac Stíofáin bụ onye raara onwe ya nye [[ike anụ ahụ Irish republicanism|"ike anụ ahụ" republican]] onye kwenyere na ime ihe ike bụ naanị ụzọ isi kwụsị ọnọdụ [[Northern Ireland]] dịka akụkụ nke [[United Kingdom]]. N'akụkọ ndụ ya, o depụtara ebumnuche nke IRA Oge Nhazi dị ka ịkwaga site na "nchekwa mpaghara" gaa na "nchekwa na mmegwara jikọtara ọnụ" wee bụrụ "nke atọ nke ịmalite mwakpo zuru oke megide usoro ndị Britain weghaara". O nyekwara nkọwa zuru ezu gbasara etu o si mepụta atụmatụ nke "onye na-agba egbe otu ugboro".<ref name=memoirs/> A na-ekwu na o sonyere na mwakpo na-enweghị isi na [[Crossmaglen]] [[Royal Ulster Constabulary|RUC]] na Ọgọst 1969. A chịkọtara atụmatụ agha ya n'okwu nke ya site na "ịbawanye, gbasaa, gbasaa", na 1972, n'afọ kachasị ọbara n'agha ahụ, ndị IRA gburu ihe dị ka mmadụ 100 [[ndị agha Britain|ndị agha Britain]] ma mmadụ 90 nwụrụ n'ime ha. Na ụbọchị asaa nke ọnwa Julaị afọ 1972, Mac Stíofáin duuru ndị otu IRA gaa nzukọ nzuzo ya na ndị otu gọọmentị Britain, onye Odeakwụkwọ nke Steeti maka Northern Ireland [[William Whitelaw, 1st Viscount Whitelaw|William Whitelaw]] duziri, na [[Cheyne Walk]] na London. Ndị ọzọ so na ndị nnọchi anya ahụ bụ [[Dáithí Ó Conaill]], [[Martin McGuinness]], [[Gerry Adams]], Seamus Twomey na [[Ivor Bell]]. N'ịdu ndị nnọchiteanya ahụ, Mac Stíofáin kọwara ihe atọ dị mkpa nke ndị Provisional chọrọ: (1) Ndị Ireland ga-ekpebi ọdịnihu Ireland dịka otu; (2) nkwupụta nke ebumnuche nke gọọmentị Britain ịpụ na Northern Ireland ka ọ na-erule Jenụwarị 1975; na (3) ntọhapụ nke ndị mkpọrọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị niile na-enweghị ihe mgbochi.<ref>Tim Pat Coogan, ''The IRA'' (New York:Palgrave, 2002), 392-395.</ref> Ndị Britain kwuru na nke a agaghị ekwe omume n'ihi nkwa o kwere [[Unionism na Ireland|ndị otu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị]]. Mkparịta ụka ahụ kwụsịrị n'enweghị isi, dịka mkparịta ụka nye praịm minista [[Edward Heath]] mechara kwuo, Whitelaw "ahụmahụ nke izute na ikwurịta okwu na Maazị Mac Stíofáin adịghị mma nke ukwuu". Mac Stíofáin kwuru na Whitelaw tinyere ihe nkiri ya na mbụ, mana mgbe nkeji ole na ole gachara, hapụ ya ka ọ daa wee gosi na ya bụ onye ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị maara ihe; o kwukwara na Whitelaw so n'ime mmadụ ole na ole Bekee kpọrọ aha ya nke ọma.<ref name=memoirs/> Mgbe mkparịta ụka ndị ahụ na-agaghị nke ọma gasịrị, Mac Stíofáin nyere iwu ka e mee ka mkpọsa IRA sikwuo ike nke ruru n'abalị iri abụọ na otu nke ọnwa Julaị afọ 1972, ma ọ bụ [[Ọbara Fraịde (1972)|Ọbara Fraịde]], mgbe ndị IRA gbawara bọmbụ ụgbọala iri abụọ na abụọ n'ime ihe na-erughị awa abụọ na Belfast, gbuo mmadụ itoolu ma merụọ mmadụ 130 ahụ. N'akwụkwọ ncheta ya, Mac Stíofáin kọwara ọrụ ahụ dị ka "mwakpo mmebi iwu" nke e zubere iji gosi na IRA nwere ike ịkụnye ọtụtụ bọmbụ n'otu oge. N'ọgbakọ Heath na Irish Taoiseach [[Jack Lynch]] mere na Munich na Septemba 4, 1972, onye nke mbụ jụrụ onye nke abụọ ma a ga-ejide Mac Stíofáin. Na nzaghachi, Lynch kwuru na ya enweghị ike ime ya n'ihi na ihe akaebe megide ya adịghị ike ma ọ nwee nnukwu nkwado ọha na eze. Na 19 Nọvemba 1972, a gbara ajụjụ ọnụ na Mac Stíofáin n'usoro redio [[RTÉ]] ''[[Izu a (usoro redio RTÉ)|Izu a]]''. E jidere ya na Dublin n'otu ụbọchị ahụ, e mesịkwara jiri ajụjụ ọnụ ahụ mee ihe dị ka ihe akaebe megide ya n'ikpe ikpe nke ịbụ onye otu IRA, na n'abalị iri abụọ na ise nke ọnwa Nọvemba, [[Ụlọikpe Mpụ Pụrụ Iche]] dị na Dublin mara ya ikpe ịga mkpọrọ ọnwa isii. Nsogbu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke sitere na ajụjụ ọnụ ahụ dị oke njọ, ụbọchị ole na ole ka nke ahụ gasịrị, minista [[Fianna Fáil]] [[Gerry Collins (onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị)|Gerry Collins]] chụpụrụ ndị ọchịchị RTÉ dum. N'ịbụ onye a tụrụ mkpọrọ n'ime [[Ụlọ Mkpọrọ Curragh|Ụlọ Mkpọrọ Curragh]], Mac Stíofáin malitere [[agụụ | agụụ]] ozugbo wee malite ịkpọ nkụ mmiri. E bugara ya na Dublin [[Ụlọ Ọgwụ Mahadum Mater Misericordiae|Ụlọ Ọgwụ Mater]], ebe otu ngalaba IRA, gụnyere mmadụ abụọ yi uwe ndị ụkọchukwu, ha gbalịrị ịtọhapụ ya na 26 Nọvemba 1972 mana ha enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma. Mgbe nke a gasịrị, e zigara ya n'ụlọ ọgwụ ndị agha nke Curragh, na County Kildare. O kwụsịrị ịkpọ nkụ ya na 28 Nọvemba.<ref>[http://www.cain.ulst.ac.uk/events/dublin/barron191104.pdf Interim Report on the Report of the Independent Commission of Inquiry into the Dublin Bombings of 1972 and 1973] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060604060248/http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/events/dublin/barron191104.pdf |date=4 June 2006 }}, 2004</ref> Ọgụ agụụ ya butere ọgba aghara na Dublin na ngagharị iwe n'èzí ụlọ ọgwụ Mater, ebe a na-eleta ya site n'aka achịbishọp Katọlik nke Dublin n'oge ahụ, [[Dermot Ryan]], na onye bu ya ụzọ, [[John Charles McQuaid]]. Mgbe ụbọchị iri ise na asaa gachara,<ref>There is a discrepancy in the sources concerning the duration of his hunger strike. In an [https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/ira/inside/mac.html interview] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202075700/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/ira/inside/mac.html |date=2 February 2017 }}, Mac Stíofáin claimed it lasted fifty-three days.</ref> o kwụsịrị ọrụ ngagharị iwe ya mgbe [[Ndị otu agha IRA]] gwara ya ka o mee nke a.<ref>{{cite book |last=Coogan |first=Tim |date=2002 |title=The IRA |location=New York |publisher=St. Martins Press |page=415 |isbn=0-312-29416-6}}</ref> Ụfọdụ na akawo na ndị otu kansụl [[Ruairí Ó Brádaigh]] na [[Dáithí Ó Conaill]] nyere iwu ka ọ kwụsị ọrụ ahụ. Agbanyeghị, Ó Brádaigh, n'oge a, ejidekwara ya. N'ezie, mgbe e zigara ya na Glasshouse nke Curragh, Ó Brádaigh nabatara ya.<ref>Robert W. White, ''Ruairí Ó Brádaigh, The Life and Politics of an Irish Revolutionary'' (Indiana University Press, 2006).</ref><ref>Ruth Dudley Edwards, [https://web.archive.org/web/20060224221307/http://www.ruthdudleyedwards.co.uk/Irnews1.htm "A funeral can't kill off Adams's hypocrisy"], ''Sunday Independent'', 27 May 2001. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060224221307/http://www.ruthdudleyedwards.co.uk/Irnews1.htm |date=24 February 2006 }}</ref><ref>See [https://web.archive.org/web/20070929142236/http://homepage.eircom.net/~eirenua/2001/jun01/saoirse3.htm "Outstanding IRA leader and giant of a man in the Republican Movement"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929142236/http://homepage.eircom.net/~eirenua/2001/jun01/saoirse3.htm |date=29 September 2007 }}, ''[[Saoirse Irish Freedom|Saoirse]]'', June 2001.</ref> N'ịgbaso usoro iwu kwadoro, Mac Stíofáin tụfuru ọkwa ya mgbe ejidere ya, o nwekwaghịkwa ike ọzọ n'ime IRA mgbe a tọhapụsịrị ya n'April 1973. ==Ndụ mgbe e mesịrị== Mgbe a chụpụrụ ya n'akụkụ, Mac Stíofáin malitere ịrụ ọrụ dị ka onye njikwa nkesa na onye na-ede akụkọ nwa oge na akwụkwọ akụkọ Sinn Féin, ''[[An Phoblacht]]'', na ngwụcha afọ 1970. Ọ gbara arụkwaghịm na pati ahụ na 1982 mgbe ha nwesịrị nghọtahie gbasara atụmatụ na Ard Fheis, mgbe ọtụtụ mmadụ megidere iwu [[Éire Nua]], nke tụrụ anya na a ga-ehiwe ọchịchị mpaghara n'ime nke ọ bụla n'ime [[Mpaghara Ireland]] ọdịnala anọ ahụ. N'ọgwụgwụ afọ 1970, o zutere ndị nnọchiteanya sitere na Kansụl Ndị Agha nke [[Ndị Agha Nnwere Onwe nke Ireland]] ndị nwere mmasị ka ọ bụrụ Onyeisi Ndị Ọrụ nke mmegharị ahụ, mana ọ dịghị ihe si na nzukọ ndị ahụ pụta.<ref>Jack Holland & Henry McDonald – INLA: Deadly Divisions p.148</ref> Na Maachị 1983, Mac Stíofáin rịọrọ ndị IRA ka ha kwupụta nkwụsị agha. N'afọ 1980 rụọ 1990, Mac Stíofáin malitere ọrụ na nzukọ asụsụ Irish [[Conradh na Gaeilge]]. N'emume ncheta otu ahụ nke otu ahụ mere na [[O'Connell Street]] na Dublin n'afọ 1993, ọ bụ onye ọbịa n'elu ikpo okwu ahụ. Ọ nọgidere bụrụ onye otu kọmitii na-eguzo ọtọ (''Azụmaahịa'') nke Conradh na Gaeilge ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ. O bi na [[Meath Gaeltacht]]. Ndị bịara n'ụlọ ya na-anabata ndị bịara n'ụlọ ya n'ọnụ ụzọ ámá site n'ihe ndina e dere ''Labhair Gaeilge Anseo'' ("Kwuo okwu Irish ebe a"). ==Ọnwụ== Na 1993, Mac Stíofáin nwere ọrịa strok. Na 18 Mee 2001, ọ nwụrụ na [[Ụlọ Ọgwụ Nwanyị Anyị, Navan|Ụlọ Ọgwụ Nwanyị Anyị]] na [[Navan]], [[County Meath]], mgbe ọ rịara ọrịa ogologo oge mgbe ọ dị afọ 73. E liri ya n'ili St Mary, Navan. N'agbanyeghị ọrụ ya na IRA, ọtụtụ n'ime ndị enyi ya mbụ (na ndị iro ya) kwanyeere ya ùgwù mgbe ọ nwụsịrị. [[Ruairí Ó Brádaigh]], onye gara olili ozu ahụ, nyere otuto dị egwu, na-ezo aka na Mac Stíofáin dị ka "onye ndu IRA pụrụ iche n'oge dị mkpa n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Ireland" nakwa dịka "onye maka ọrụ ahụ" dịka onye isi ọrụ IRA mbụ, [[Gerry Adams]] na [[Martin McGuinness]] sokwa bịa. N'okwu ya, Ita Ní Chionnaigh nke Conradh na Gaeilge, onye ọkọlọtọ ya kpuchiri igbe ozu, "mgbugbu agwa" nke Mac Stíofáin site na "gutter press" ma too ya dịka nwoke "nwere mmasị n'ikike nke ndị ikom na ndị inyom na ndị mmadụ n'ụwa niile a na-emegbu, gụnyere ndị na-asụ asụsụ Irish na Ireland, ndị a na-emegbukwa". ==Ndetu na edensibia== {{Reflist}} ==Ihe odide== Mac Stíofáin, Seán, ''Memoirs of a Revolutionary'', London (Gordon Cremonesi), 1975. Also published as ''Revolutionary in Ireland'' {{ISBN|0-86033-031-1}} ==Isi mmalite== * Hunter, John (20 May 2001). [https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2001/may/20/northernireland.theobserver "Death of the Englishman who led the Provisionals"], ''The Observer''. Retrieved 6 August 2021. * "Sean MacStiofain dead, founded Provisional IRA", ''Irish Echo Online'', 23–29 May 2001 [https://web.archive.org/web/20070928081106/http://www.irishecho.com/search/searchstory.cfm?id=9232&issueid=196] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928081106/http://www.irishecho.com/search/searchstory.cfm?id=9232&issueid=196 |date=28 September 2007 }} * "Adams and IRA's secret Whitehall talks", ''BBC News'', 1 January 2003, [https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/2601875.stm] * RTÉ ''This Week'' ajụjụ ọnụ redio: [http://wwa.rte.ie/news/2001/0518/newsatone/news1pm6A.ram]{{dead link|date=May 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * "[http://homepage.tinet.ie/~eirenua/2001/jun01/saoirse3.htm Outstanding IRA leader and giant of a man in the Republican Movement]", Saoirse, June 2001. * Ó Brádaigh, Ruairí. "[http://homepage.tinet.ie/~eirenua/2001/jun01/saoirse3.htm Seán Mac Stíofáin – a tribute]", ''Saoirse'', June 2001. * Ajụjụ ọnụ ya na Mac Stíofáin (o yikarịrị ka e si na usoro Provos nke Peter Taylor nweta ya). Nwere nkọwa gbasara okwu Cheyne Walk. [https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/ira/inside/mac.html here]. * Hanley, Brian, na Millar, Scott (2009). ''The Lost Revolution: The Story of the Official IRA and the Workers' Party''. Dublin: Penguin Ireland. {{DEFAULTSORT:Mac Stiofain, Sean}} [[Category: Ndị nwụrụ anwụ]] 572lwngt9bqdze1pdbyx1b6lb982afx 0 75581 736894 734959 2026-10-09T06:05:37Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 736894 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Module:Sidebar/styles.css"></templatestyles>Postmodern feminism bụ ngalaba nke nwanyị na-emegide isiokwu nwanyị zuru ụwa ọnụ. Dabere na nkà ihe ọmụma postmodern, nwanyị postmodern na-ajụ echiche ọdịnala gbasara okike, njirimara, na ike, ebe ọ na-ekwusi ike na mmekọrịta nke echiche ndị a. Ndị na-ahụ maka nwanyị nke oge a na-arụ ụka na asụsụ na-ewuli eziokwu nakwa na ike agbakwunyere na ụkpụrụ ọha mmadụ, na-akpụzi njirimara na igbochi ụlọ ọrụ. Ha na-achọ ịgba mgba megide mmegide ọnụọgụ abụọ ọdịnala (dịka, nwoke / nwanyị, omenala / okike) na imebi usoro ndị na-achị achị. Ntinye nke postmodern theory n'ime feminist theory anaghị anabata ngwa ngwa site na ụmụ nwanyị niile - ụfọdụ kwenyere na echiche postmodern na-emebi mwakpo nke femism na-anwa ịmepụta, ebe ndị ọzọ na-akwado njikọ ahụ.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal|author=Sands|first=Roberta|date=Nov 1992|title=Postmodern Feminist Theory and Social Work: A Deconstruction|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_social-work_1992-11_37_6/page/489|journal=Social Work|volume=37|pages=489|doi=10.1093/sw/40.6.831|issn=1545-6846}}</ref> == Mmalite ya == === Derrida === Jacques Derrida (1930-2004) mara echiche nke otu eziokwu, eziokwu ziri ezi ma ọ bụ "ihe na-egosi gafere," na-arụ ụka na a na-ewu ihe ọ pụtara site na usoro na-enweghị njedebe nke ihe ngosi ndị na-ezo aka naanị na ibe ha. O webatara echiche nke <nowiki><i id="mwLw">ọdịiche</i></nowiki> iji gosipụta etu asụsụ si arụ ọrụ site na ọdịiche na nkwụsịtụ na-adịgide adịgide nke nkọwa. Ọrụ ya na-emesi echiche ahụ ike na asụsụ anaghị anọchite anya eziokwu kama ọ na-arụsi ọrụ ike.<ref name=":4">{{Cite book|author=Tong|first=Rosemarie|url=https://archive.org/details/feministthoughtc00tong|title=Feminist thought : a comprehensive introduction|publisher=Westview Press|year=1989|isbn=9780429493836|location=Boulder, Colorado|pages=[https://archive.org/details/feministthoughtc00tong/page/217 217]–224|oclc=1041706991}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFTong1989">Tong, Rosemarie (1989). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required">[[iarchive:feministthoughtc00tong|''Feminist thought : a comprehensive introduction'']]</span>. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press. pp.&nbsp;[[iarchive:feministthoughtc00tong/page/217|217]]–224. [[ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/9780429493836|<bdi>9780429493836</bdi>]]. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1041706991 1041706991].</cite></ref> === Foucault === Michel Foucault (1926-1984) lere ike anya dị ka ike na-agbasa agbasa na nke na-akpụzi echiche mmadụ. N'ime usoro ya, ike abụghị naanị mmegide kama ọ na-arụpụta ihe, na-arụ ọrụ site na ụlọ ọrụ, ụkpụrụ, na nlekota onwe onye. Ọ tụrụ aro na ịmata ike ndị a nwere ike ime ka ndị mmadụ nwee ike ịma aka ma melite echiche ha.<ref name=":4"/> === Ịbụ onye inyom na France === <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>French Feminism, dị ka a maara taa, abụghị kpọmkwem ụlọ akwụkwọ echiche sitere na France, kama ọ bụ ihe Anglo-American phenomen. Ọ na-akọwa otu echiche jikọtara ya na ndị na-eche echiche na-asụ French—karịsịa Hélène Cixous, Luce Irigaray, na Julia Kristeva. Ọrụ ha gbanyere mkpọrọgwụ na Freudian na Lacanian psychoanalysis, na-elekwasị anya na ahụmahụ tupu Oedipal, nnọchiteanya nne, na ndị amaghị ihe ọ bụla. Alice Jardine chepụtara okwu a iji kọwaa ihe na-apụta n'etiti ndị nwere ọgụgụ isi nke France na 1980, ebe a na-akọwa ọdịda nke echiche Enlightenment. Maka ndị inyom, nke a pụtara ịlaghachi n'otu arụmụka ahụ / dị iche iche site na oghere ọhụrụ. Akwụkwọ nke Toril Mo Sexual/Textual Politics (1986) gara n'ihu na-akpụzi ndị inyom French site n'ịgụnye naanị Cixous, Irigaray, na Kristeva. Mo mekwara ka ọdịiche dị n'etiti Anglo-American na French feminists: mgbe Anglo-American feminists na-achọ ịchọta "echiche nwanyị", French feminists kwenyere na ọ dịghị njirimara maka ụmụ nwanyị mana na "nwere ike ịmata ụmụ nwanyị ebe a na-ahụ ọdịiche na ọdịiche". Elaine Marks, onye ọkà mmụta na ngalaba nke Women's Studies, kwuru ọdịiche ọzọ dị n'etiti ndị na-ahụ maka ụmụ nwanyị na France: Ndị na-akwado ụmụ nwanyị na French, ọkachasị ndị na-eme ihe ike, katọrọ ma wakpo usoro ndị na-abara ụmụ nwoke uru, yana ịkpọasị ụmụ nwanyị n'ozuzu ha, karịa ndị America ibe ha.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/newfrenchfeminis00markrich|title=New French feminisms : an anthology|date=1980|publisher=University of Massachusetts Press|isbn=978-0870232800|editor=Marks|location=Amherst|oclc=5051713}}</ref> == Echiche == === Ebe asụsụ dị === Onye ọkà mmụta iwu Mary Joe Frug, onye guzobere otu ndị ọkà mmụta iwu a maara dị ka Fem-Crits - n'onwe ya bụ akụkụ nke usoro ọmụmụ iwu dị oke egwu - , <ref name="baumgardner">{{Cite journal|author=Baumgardner|first=Paul|title=Ronald Reagan, the Modern Right, and ... the Rise of the Fem-Crits|journal=Laws|volume=8|issue=4|doi=10.3390/laws8040026|date=October 2019}}</ref> tụrụ aro na otu "ụkpụrụ" nke postmodernism bụ na ahụmịhe mmadụ dị "n'ụzọ na-enweghị ike ime n'ime asụsụ". A na-eji ike eme ihe ọ bụghị naanị site na nrụgide kpọmkwem, kamakwa site n'ụzọ asụsụ si emepụta ma gbochie eziokwu anyị.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|author=Frug|first=Mary Joe|date=March 1992|title=A Postmodern Feminist Manifesto (An Unfinished Draft)|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_harvard-law-review_1992-03_105_5/page/1045|journal=Harvard Law Review|volume=105|issue=5|pages=1045–1075|doi=10.2307/1341520}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFFrug1992">Frug, Mary Joe (March 1992). "A Postmodern Feminist Manifesto (An Unfinished Draft)". ''Harvard Law Review''. '''105''' (5): <span class="nowrap">1045–</span>1075. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[[doi:10.2307/1341520|10.2307/1341520]]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&nbsp;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/1341520 1341520].</cite></ref> O kwukwara na n'ihi na asụsụ na-emeghe mgbe niile maka ntụgharị ọzọ, enwere ike iji ya guzogide nhazi na mgbochi a, yabụ na ọ bụ ebe nwere ike ịba uru maka ọgụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị.<ref name=":0" /> === Ihe na-emegide ihe dị mkpa === Otu onyinye mbụ na postmodern femism bụ "[[A Cyborg Manifesto|Cyborg Manifesto]]" nke Donna Haraway, nke na-agbagha ókèala dị mkpa n'etiti mmadụ, anụmanụ, na igwe. Haraway na-eji ihe atụ nke cyborg - ngwakọta nke igwe na ihe dị ndụ - iji kwuo na njirimara abụghị nke okike ma ọ bụ ihe ndị dị ndụ, kama ọ bụ ihe owuwu mmiri.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|date=2018-03-06|title=After Class Writing: Haraway’s “A Cyborg Manifesto” – ENG1710 Intro to Language and Technology, SP2018|url=https://openlab.citytech.cuny.edu/elliseng1710sp2018/2018/03/06/after-class-writing-haraways-a-cyborg-manifesto/|accessdate=2025-12-27|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260225151054/https://openlab.citytech.cuny.edu/elliseng1710sp2018/2018/03/06/after-class-writing-haraways-a-cyborg-manifesto/|archive-date=2026-02-25|url-status=dead}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">. 2018-03-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-12-27</span></span>.</cite></ref> [[Faịlụ:Donna_Haraway_2016_2.png|áká_èkpè|thumb|Ọkọ akụkọ sayensị Donna Haraway]] Site n'ịkwatu "informatics nke ịchịkwa," Haraway na-akatọ ọdịnala ọdịda anyanwụ dualisms dị ka nwoke / nwanyị, ọdịbendị / okike, na uche / ahụ, nke nwere akụkọ ihe mere eme nke nna ochie na nke ọchịchị. Ọ na-atụ aro na site na ịnakwere njirimara cyborg, ndị na-ahụ maka ụmụ nwanyị nwere ike ịgafe ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị njirimara nke oge gara aga ma kama ịmepụta njikọ dabere na ebumnuche ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ha na-emekọ ihe kama ịbụ ụdị ndụ.<ref name=":5"/> Isi ihe dị iche n'etiti feminism postmodern na alaka ndị ọzọ nke feminism bụ ikekwe arụmụka na mmekọahụ, ma ọ bụ opekempe nwoke na nwanyị, bụ n'onwe ya sitere n'asụsụ wuru, echiche dị elu na akwụkwọ Judith Butler nke 1990, Nsogbu Gender. Ha na-adọta ma na-akatọ ọrụ Simone de Beauvoir, Michel Foucault, na Jacques Lacan, yana arụmụka Irigaray na ihe anyị weere dị ka "nwanyị" bụ nanị ngosipụta nke ihe e wuru dị ka nwoke. Butler na-akatọ ọdịiche nke ụmụ nwanyị gara aga mere n'etiti (nke ndụ) mmekọahụ na (nke mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya). Ha na-ajụ ihe mere anyị ji chee na ihe onwunwe (dị ka ahụ) anaghị enwe usoro nke mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya n'onwe ha. Butler na-ekwu na nke a anaghị ekwe ka a katọọ nke ọma: ọ bụ ezie na ha ghọtara na okike bụ ihe na-ewu ewu, ndị na-ahụ mkpa ụmụ nwanyị na-eche na a na-ewu ya mgbe niile n'otu ụzọ ahụ. Arụmụka Butler na-egosi na ịdị n'okpuru ụmụ nwanyị enweghị otu ihe kpatara ya ma ọ bụ otu ngwọta. Similarly, Frug maintains that sex is not something natural, nor is it something completely determinate and definable; rather, sex is part of a system of meaning, produced by language.<ref name=":0"/> Cultural mechanisms "encode the female body with meanings", and then go on to explain these meanings "by an appeal to the 'natural' differences between the sexes, differences that the rules themselves help to produce".<ref name=":0" /> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template " style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (February 2026)">page<span typeof="mw:Entity">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>needed<nowiki></span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> === Ihe omuma ndi ozo === Ihe dị mkpa na usoro postmodern nke Haraway bụ echiche nke ihe ọmụma dị n'ebe dị, nke na-eje ozi dị ka nkatọ nke Anya Chineke - echiche efu nke inweta ebumnuche zuru oke, echiche na-anọpụ iche nke ụwa site n'ebe ọ bụla. Ọ na-ekwu na a na-emepụta ihe ọmụma sayensị na ọdịbendị niile site na otu echiche a kapịrị ọnụ, nakwa na ịnakwere ọnọdụ ndị a bụ naanị ụzọ isi nweta "ezi ihe". <ref name=":6">{{Cite web|title=Carl Silvio- Refiguring the Radical Cyborg in Mamoru Oshii’s Ghost in the Shell|url=https://www.depauw.edu/site/sfs/backissues/77/silvio77.htm|accessdate=2025-12-27|work=www.depauw.edu|archivedate=2026-01-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260104233246/https://www.depauw.edu/site/sfs/backissues/77/silvio77.htm}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">. ''www.depauw.edu''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-12-27</span></span>.</cite></ref> N'ihe gbasara ụmụ nwanyị nke oge a, echiche a jụrụ echiche nke "ahụmahụ nwanyị" zuru ụwa ọnụ, kama ịkwado nghọta dị iche iche nke eziokwu nke na-akọwa njikọ agbụrụ, klas, na teknụzụ. Usoro a na-enye ohere maka sayensị ụmụ nwanyị nke na-akatọ ajọ mbunobi akụkọ ihe mere eme ma na-etinye aka n'ụzọ miri emi na eziokwu ihe onwunwe nke ụwa na-emetụta teknụzụ.<ref name=":6"/> == Nkatọ == E nweela ọtụtụ nkatọ banyere ụmụ nwanyị postmodern kemgbe ọ malitere na 1990s. Ọtụtụ n'ime nkatọ ndị a sitere n'aka ndị na-akwado oge a na ndị na-ahụ maka ụmụ nwanyị na-akwado echiche nke oge a. [[Faịlụ:Gloria_Steinem_crop.jpg|thumb|Onye na-ahụ maka ụmụ nwanyị bụ Gloria Steinem]] Ndị nkatọ nke oge a lekwasịrị anya na isiokwu nke relativism na nihilism dị ka postmodernism kwuputara. Ha na-arụ ụka na site n'ịhapụ ụkpụrụ Enlightenment, postmodern feminism "na-egbochi ohere nke ịtọhapụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị." Enwere ike ịhụ nchegbu a na ndị nkatọ dị ka Meaghan Morris, bụ ndị na-arụ ụka na ụmụ nwanyị postmodern nwere ike imebi ntọala ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke omume dabere na ọdịiche nwoke na nwanyị, site na mgbagwoju anya ya. Alison Assiter bipụtara Enlighten Women (1995) iji katọọ postmodernists na postmodern feminists n'otu aka ahụ, na-arụ ụka na a ga-enwe nlọghachi na ụkpụrụ Enlightenment na nwanyị nke oge a. Gloria Steinem akatọkwala echiche ụmụ nwanyị, na ọkachasị echiche nwanyị postmodernist, dị ka oke agụmakwụkwọ, ebe okwu dị oke egwu na enweghị ike ịbịaru nso na abaghị uru nye onye ọ bụla. Otú ọ dị, ụfọdụ ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị bụ ndị a kpọrọ ''onwe ha'' ndị na-akwado ụmụ nwanyị nke oge a katọrọ okwu ahụ bụ "postmodernism": Butler, dịka ọmụmaatụ, jụrụ okwu ahụ bụ ""postmodernism" dị ka ihe na-edoghị anya iji nwee ihe ọ pụtara. [[Paula Moya]] na-ekwu na Butler na-enweta ịjụ a na postmodernism site na ntụgharị nke ọrụ Cherríe Moraga: "Ọ na-agụ nkwupụta Moraga na 'ihe ize ndụ dị n'ịhazi mmegbu' iji pụta na anyị enweghị ụzọ anyị ga-esi kpebie n'etiti ụdị mmegbu dị iche iche - na mgbalị ọ bụla iji kọwaa ma ọ bụ mee ka ụdị mmegbu ndị mmadụ na-ata na-ata bụ na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-enweghị isi, na-achịkwa, ma ọ bụ na-achịkọta nke na-eme na-emebi na-emechi anya na-emega n' ka ọ bụrụ na-emecha, na-emeziwanye ihe ngosi nke mbụ nke ụmụ nwanyị nọ na-aghọta ya site na-eme nke ọma. Moya na-ekwu na n'ihi na Butler chere na a pụghị ịhazi ụdị mmegbu dị iche iche n'ụzọ dị mkpirikpi, na a pọdụrụ ha ma ọlị; ma mee ka ụzọ dị mkpirisi site n'ịhapụ echiche nke ọ bụghị naanị postmodernism, kamakwa ụmụ nwanyị n'ozuzu.<ref>Moya, Paula M. L. ''From Postmodernism, 'Realism,' and the Politics of Identity: [[Cherríe Moraga]] and [[Chicana feminism|Chicana Feminism]]'', in {{Cite book|author=Gilbert|first=Susan M.|title=Feminist literary theory and criticism : a Norton reader|url=https://archive.org/details/feministliterary0000unse_g3p1|year=2007|publisher=W.W. Norton|location=New York|isbn=9780393927900|pages=[https://archive.org/details/feministliterary0000unse_g3p1/page/787 787]–797|edition=1st|authorlink=From Postmodernism, "Realism," and the Politics of Identity: Cherrie Moraga and Chicana Feminism}}</ref> == Hụkwa ==   == Edensibia == {{Reflist|40em}} == Akwụkwọ == * {{Cite book|author=Nicholson|first=Linda|title=Feminism/postmodernism|url=https://archive.org/details/feminismpostmode00nich|date=1990|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9780415900591|location=New York}} * {{Cite book|author=Assiter|first=Alison|title=Enlightened women: modernist feminism in a postmodern age|url=https://archive.org/details/enlightenedwomen0000assi|date=1996|publisher=Routledge|location=London New York|isbn=9780415083386}} * {{Cite book|author=Kottiswari|first=W. S.|title=Postmodern feminist writers|publisher=Sarup & Sons|location=New Delhi|year=2008|isbn=9788176258210}} * {{Cite journal|author=Williams|first=Susan|title=A Feminist Theory of Malebashing|journal=Michigan Journal of Gender & Law|date=1 January 1996|volume=4|issue=1|pages=35–127|url=https://repository.law.umich.edu/mjgl/vol4/iss1/2/|issn=1095-8835}} == Njikọ mpụga == [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] l29upvhtkyamc1ix4g3nfjewgj24mhk 0 76603 736890 698787 2026-10-09T03:30:27Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 736890 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:Aerial_image_of_Grand_Prismatic_Spring_(view_from_the_south).jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|300x300px|Thermophiles na-emepụta ụfọdụ n'ime ụcha ndị na-egbuke egbuke nke Grand Prismatic Spring, Yellowstone National ParkOgige Ntụrụndụ Yellowstone]] A '''Thermophile''' bụ ụdị extremophile nke na-eto eto na okpomọkụ dị elu, n'etiti 41 and 122 .<ref>{{Cite book|title=Brock Biology of Microorganisms|date=2006|author=Madigan MT|edition=11th|pages=136|publisher=Pearson|isbn=0-13-196893-9}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Takai T|title=Cell proliferation at 122°C and isotopically heavy CH₄ production by a hyperthermophilic methanogen under high-pressure cultivation|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_proceedings-of-the-national-academy-of-sciences-usa_2008-08-05_105_31/page/10949|journal=PNAS|volume=105|issue=31|pages=10949–51|date=2008|doi=10.1073/pnas.0712334105|pmid=18664583}}</ref> Ọtụtụ thermophiles bụ archaea, ọ bụ ezie na ụfọdụ n'ime ha bụ nje bacteria na fungi. A na-atụ aro na nje bacteria thermophilic so na nje bacteria mbụ.<ref name="pmid19000750">{{Cite journal|author=Horiike T|title=Phylogenetic construction of 17 bacterial phyla by new method and carefully selected orthologs|journal=Gene|volume=429|issue=1–2|pages=59–64|date=January 2009|pmid=19000750|doi=10.1016/j.gene.2008.10.006}}</ref> A na-ahụ ndị na-eme ka okpomọkụ dị n'ime ala n'ebe okpomọkụ dị, dịka isi iyi ọkụ dịka nke dị na Yellowstone National Park na oghere mmiri dị n'ime mmiri, yana ihe osisi na-ere ere, dịka apịtị peat na compost. Ha nwere ike ibi n'oge okpomọkụ dị elu, ebe nje bacteria ma ọ bụ archaea ndị ọzọ ga-emebi ma mgbe ụfọdụ nwụọ ma ọ bụrụ na e kpughee ha n'otu okpomọkụ ahụ. enzymes na thermophiles na-arụ ọrụ na okpomọkụ dị elu. A na-eji ụfọdụ n'ime enzymes ndị a eme ihe na Molecular Biology, dịka ọmụmaatụ <nowiki><i id="mwLA">Taq</i></nowiki> polymerase eji na PCR.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Vieille|first=Claire|date=March 2001|title=Hyperthermophilic Enzymes: Sources, Uses, and Molecular Mechanisms for Thermostability|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_microbiology-and-molecular-biology-reviews_2001-03_65_1/page/1|journal=Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews|volume=65|issue=1|pages=1–43|doi=10.1128/MMBR.65.1.1-43.2001|issn=1092-2172|pmid=11238984}}</ref> "Thermophile" sitere na Grik: , "okpomọkụ", na Greek: φιλία, romaniised: philía "ịhụnanya". [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2025)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> Nnyocha ntụnyere na-atụ aro na ọdịiche dị iche iche nke thermophile na-akpali pH, ọ bụghị okpomọkụ. == Nchịkọta == Enwere ike ịkewapụta thermophiles n'ụzọ dị iche iche. Otu nkewa na-ekewa ihe ndị a dị ka okpomọkụ uto ha kacha mma: <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Stetter, K.|title=History of discovery of the first hyperthermophiles|journal=Extremophiles|year=2006|volume=10|issue=5|pages=357–362|doi=10.1007/s00792-006-0012-7|pmid=16941067}}</ref> # Ndị na-achọ okpomọkụ: 50-64 # Ndị na-achọ oke okpomọkụ 65-79 # Hyperthermophiles 80 na karịa, mana ọ bụghị n'okpuru 50 Na nkewa yiri ya, a na-ahazi thermophiles dị ka ndị a: # Thermophiles nhọrọ (nke a na-akpọkwa thermophiles dị nro) nwere ike itolite na okpomọkụ dị elu, kamakwa na okpompe dị ala (n'okpuru 50 ), ebe # Obligate thermophiles (nke a na-akpọkwa extreme thermophilas) chọrọ okpomọkụ dị elu maka uto. # Hyperthermophiles bụ ndị na-emebiga ihe ókè nke okpomọkụ kachasị mma karịrị 80 . [[Faịlụ:Thermophilic_bacteria.jpg|thumb|Otu ìgwè nke thermophiles na mpụga nke Mickey Hot Springs, [[Oregon]], okpomọkụ mmiri bụ ihe dịka 60 .]] Ọtụtụ hyperthermopH Archaea chọrọ elemental sulfur maka uto. Ụfọdụ bụ anaerobes nke na-eji sulfur kama Oxygen dị ka onye na-anabata electron n'oge iku ume nke mkpụrụ ndụ anaerobic. Ụfọdụ bụ lithotrophs nke na-eme ka sulphur oxidize iji mepụta sulfuric acid dị ka isi iyi ike, si otú a chọọ ka microorganism mee mgbanwe na pH dị ala (ya bụ, ọ bụ acidophile yana thermophile). Ihe ndị a bụ ndị bi na gburugburu ebe obibi na-ekpo ọkụ, nke nwere sulfur na-ejikọkarị na mgbawa ugwu, dị ka isi iyi na-ekwo ọkụ, isi iyi, na fumaroles. N'ebe ndị a, ọkachasị na Yellowstone National Park, [[wiktionary:zonation|Mpaghara]] nke microorganisms dabere na okpomọkụ ha kachasị mma na-eme. Ihe ndị a na-enwekarị ụcha, n'ihi ọnụnọ nke ihe ndị na-acha uhie uhie. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2023)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> == Thermophile na mesophile == A pụrụ ịkpa ókè n'etiti Thermophiles na mesophiles site na njirimara genomic. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, a chọpụtara ọkwa ọdịnaya GC na mpaghara koodu nke ụfọdụ mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa pụrụ iche dị ka ihe metụtara ọnọdụ oke okpomọkụ mgbe etinyere nyocha njikọ ahụ na ihe ndị dị ndụ mesophilic na thermophilic n'agbanyeghị phylogeny ha, ihe achọrọ maka oxygen, nnu, ma ọ bụ ọnọdụ ebe obibi. .<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Zheng H|title=Gene-centric association analysis for the correlation between the guanine-cytosine content levels and temperature range conditions of prokaryotic species|journal=BMC Bioinformatics|volume=11|pages=S7|date=December 2010|issue=Suppl 11|doi=10.1186/1471-2105-11-S11-S7|pmid=21172057}}</ref> == Fungal thermophiles == Fungi bụ naanị otu ihe dị ndụ dị na mpaghara Eukaryota nke nwere ike ịdị ndụ na oke okpomọkụ nke 50–60 °C.[1] Akọpụtala ero Thermophilic site na ọtụtụ ebe obibi, ọtụtụ n'ime ha so na usoro fungi Sordariales.[2] Ero Thermophilic nwere nnukwu ikike biotechnology n'ihi ikike ha nwere imepụta enzymes thermostat dị mkpa maka ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, ọkachasị maka mmebi nke biomass osisi..<ref>{{Cite journal|author=van den Brink|first=Joost|date=December 2015|title=Thermophilic growth and enzymatic thermostability are polyphyletic traits within Chaetomiaceae|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.funbio.2015.09.011|journal=Fungal Biology|volume=119|issue=12|pages=1255–1266|doi=10.1016/j.funbio.2015.09.011|pmid=26615748|issn=1878-6146}}</ref>&nbsp; == Mgbanwe nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na mgbanwe nke mkpụrụ ndụ == Sulfolobus solfataricus na Sulfolobus acidocaldarius bụ Archaea hyperthermophilic. Mgbe ihe ndị a dị ndụ na-ekpughere ihe ndị na-emebi DNA site na radieshon UV, bleomycin ma ọ bụ mitomycin C, a na-akpali mkpokọta mkpụrụ ndụ nke ụdị dị iche iche.[1][2] Na S. acidocaldarius, mkpokọta mkpụrụ ndụ nke UV na-akpata na-eme ka mgbanwe akara chromosomal dị elu ugboro ugboro.[2] Ọnụego njikọta gafere nke ọdịbendị na-enweghị mkpali ruo usoro atọ nke nha. Frols et al.[1][3] na Ajon et al.[2](2011) chere na mkpokọta mkpụrụ ndụ na-eme ka nnyefe DNA kpọmkwem maka ụdị dị iche iche dịkwuo mma n'etiti mkpụrụ ndụ Sulfolobus iji nye mmezi ka ukwuu nke DNA mebiri emebi site na njikọta homologous. Van Wolferen et al., na-atụle mgbanwe DNA na hyperthermophiles n'okpuru ọnọdụ dị oke njọ, kwuru na mgbanwe DNA nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ na ndozi nke DNA site na njikọta homologous. Ha tụrụ aro na usoro a dị oke mkpa n'okpuru ọnọdụ ndị na-emebi DNA dị ka okpomọkụ dị elu.  E kwukwara na nnyefe DNA na Sulfolobus nwere ike ịbụ ụdị mmekọrịta mmekọahụ mbụ nke yiri sistemụ mgbanwe nje bacteria a mụrụ nke ọma nke jikọtara ya na nnyefe DNA kpọmkwem n'etiti mkpụrụ ndụ na-eduga na mmezi njikọta nke mmebi DNA..<ref>{{Cite journal|author=van Wolferen M|title=How hyperthermophiles adapt to change their lives: DNA exchange in extreme conditions|journal=Extremophiles|volume=17|issue=4|pages=545–63|date=July 2013|pmid=23712907|doi=10.1007/s00792-013-0552-6}}</ref> == Na sayensị == ''Thermus aquaticus dị mkpa n'akụkọ ihe mere eme. Nchọpụta ya mere ka okpomọkụ kachasị elu nke e kwenyere na ihe ọ bụla dị ndụ nwere ike itolite gaa n'ihu,[1] DNA polymerase ya nke na-eguzogide okpomọkụ mere ka o nwee ike ịmepụta ụzọ dị irè isi mụbaa DNA ngwa ngwa na-enweghị enzyme ahụ, nke bụ nzọụkwụ dị mkpa n'ịkwalite ule PCR.''.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|first=Camille|author=Barr|url=https://www.montananaturalist.org/blog-post/thermus-aquaticus/|title=Thermus Aquaticus|publisher=Montana Natural History Center|accessdate=Aug 30, 2025}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * Mesophile * Onye na-eme ihe ike * Mgbari nri anaerobic == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * {{Cite web|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Tree&id=183924|title=Thermoprotei : Extreme Thermophile|work=NCBI Taxonomy Browser}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20210506223753/https://deepcarbon.net/feature/how-hot-is-too-hot#.V9Fp-4WASfE/ Olee otú okpomọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ? Njem T-Limit] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] mpe0awejpe9lk24xyo2lru24lfct4rh 0 79341 736903 709029 2026-10-09T09:36:36Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 736903 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Infobox officeholder | name = Ruth Ray Jackson | image = Ruth Ray Jackson, President of Langston University.jpg | office = 17th President of [[Langston University]] | term_start = 2024 | education = [[Southern University and A&M College]]<br>[[Colorado State University]] | predecessor = [[Kent J. Smith, Jr.]] }} '''Ruth Ray Jackson''' bụ onye nchịkwa agụmakwụkwọ America na-eje ozi dị ka onye isi oche nke iri na asaa nke Mahadum Langston kemgbe 2024. Ọ bụbu onye isi oche ya, osote onye isi oche nke ihe gbasara agụmakwụkwọ, na prọfesọ na dean nke ụlọ akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ na sayensị omume. == Ndụ == Jackson nwetara nzere bachelọ na nkuzi ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na Asụsụ Bekee, yana nzere master n’nduzi na nhazi usoro agụmakwụkwọ site na Southern University and A&M College.[1] Ọ gụchara Ph.D. na agụmakwụkwọ na njikwa akụ mmadụ na Colorado State University.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2024-05-06|title=Ruth Ray Jackson Named the Seventeenth President of Langston University in Oklahoma|url=https://jbhe.com/2024/05/ruth-ray-jackson-named-seventeenth-president-of-langston-university-in-oklahoma/|accessdate=2024-05-12|work=The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education|language=en-US}}</ref> Jackson bụ onye nkuzi ụlọ akwụkwọ ọha na eze na onye nchịkwa na Louisiana . <ref name=":0" /> O mechara rụọ ọrụ na Mahadum Steeti Louisiana Shreveport ruo afọ iri na otu.<ref name=":0" /> Ọ bụ osote prọfesọ nke agụmakwụkwọ, onye nduzi nke usoro agụmakwụkwọ master, ma bụrụkwa onye isi oche nke ngalaba agụmakwụkwọ.<ref name=":0" /> N'afọ 2014, ọ sonyeere Mahadum Langston dị ka prọfesọ na dean nke ụlọ akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ na sayensị omume.<ref name=":0" /> N'afọ 2018, e buliri ya n'ọkwa osote onye isi oche maka ihe ịga nke ọma ụmụ akwụkwọ. Ruo otu afọ, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka osote onye isi oche nke ihe omume agụmakwụkwọ tupu ọ rụọ ọrụ dị ka onye isi oche na-anọchi anya otu afọ.<ref name=":0" /> N'afọ 2024, ọ ghọrọ onye isi oche nke iri na asaa.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|author=Stanley|first=Tim|date=2024-05-06|title=New Langston president wants Tulsa campus to be bigger part of community|url=https://tulsaworld.com/news/local/education/new-langston-president-wants-tulsa-campus-to-be-bigger-part-of-community/article_07ec2acc-0650-11ef-8445-e7068c7cc073.html|accessdate=2024-05-12|work=Tulsa World|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240512032039/https://tulsaworld.com/news/local/education/new-langston-president-wants-tulsa-campus-to-be-bigger-part-of-community/article_07ec2acc-0650-11ef-8445-e7068c7cc073.html|archive-date=2024-05-12|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Edensibịa == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />  [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 6lz8pibrf4ajnvmclgd19olpgzwd47e 0 79386 736906 736823 2026-10-09T10:27:52Z Vivian Amalachukwu 17172 Added a missing table 736906 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Module:Message box/ambox.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  '''Julia Isabel de Llano Macedo''' (amụrụ na 8 Eprel 1944), nke a maara dịka '''Julissa''', bụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri, onye na-emepụta ihe, na onye na-agụ egwu na Mexico. Ọ bụ nwa nwanyị nke onye na-eme ihe nkiri na redio na telivishọn Luis de Llano Palmer na onye na-ese ihe nkiri Rita Macedo. Ụmụ ya gụnyere Benny Ibarra, onye na-agụ egwu na onye na-eti egwu, na Alejandro Ibarra, Onye na-eme ihe nkiri na onye na na-agụ egwú. Nwanne ya nwoke, Luis de Llano Macedo, arụwo ọrụ dị ka onye na-emepụta ihe maka Televisa. == Mbido ndụ na ọrụ == === Egwú === Mgbe ọ dị afọ 14, Julissa malitere ọrụ egwu ya n'otu egwu ụdị 'rock' a na-akpọ The Spitfires; nwanne ya nwoke bụ Luis hiwere otu egwu a. O nwetara ọnọdụ nke abụọ n'asọmpi redio tupu ụlọ ọrụ CBS abanye ya n'akwụkwọ nkwekọrịta, o wee dekọọ ọtụtụ abọm egwu 'rock' n'etiti afọ 1961 na 1964. O dekọrọ otu egwu (nke a na-akpọ 'single') nwere aha bụ "Corazón Salvaje / Te Necesito," nke ụlọ ọrụ Capitol Records na afọ 1966. wepụtara n'afọ 1966. Julissa nyere egwu mbụ bụ "Teacher's Pet" nke Doris Day, gụrụ ụdị ọhụrụ site n'ịgụ ya n'ụzọ dị iche n'ime egwu ọ kpọrọ "La favorita del profesor" ("Onye nkuzi kacha hụ n'anya"). === Ihe nkiri === Ọ malitere ime ihe nkiri wee malite ọrụ ebe ọ bụ onye na-emepụta ihe nkiri na Mexico na-eweta ihe nkiri Broadway a ma ama dị ka Jesus Christ Superstar, Grease, Joseph na Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat, ''Pipin''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.broadwaymusicalhome.com|title=Broadway|publisher=broadwaymusicalhome.com|accessdate=20 July 2010}}</ref> Ọ so n'ndị na-eme ihe nkiri n'egwuregwu ''The Rocky Horror Show'';nke afọ 1975 na Mexico Aida Pierce mgbe ọ ka dị obere, so n'òtù ndị na-agụ egwu n'egwuregwu ahụ. == Ihe nkiri == <templatestyles src="Module:Message box/ambox.css"></templatestyles> {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%;" ! style="background: #B0C4DE;" |Afọ ! style="background: #B0C4DE;" |Aha ya ! style="background: #B0C4DE;" |Ọrụ ! style="background: #B0C4DE;" |Ihe edeturu |- |1962 |''Ime Anwansi'' |Rosario | (nke a na-akpọ Julisa Macedo) |- |1963 |''Ọgwụ ọjọọ nke Llorona'' |Onye Njem Ụgbọ Mmiri nke Nwanyị | (nke a na-akpọ Julissa del Llano) aha ọzọ - The Curse of the Crying Woman''Ọgwụ Nwanyị Na-ebe ákwá'' |- |1964 |''A machibidoro Nrọ'' | | |- |1964 |''Oge Ime Ihe Ike'' | |aha ọzọ - La Edad de la Violencia (aha mbụ) |- |1964 |''N'etiti Ụwa'' | | (nke a na-akpọ Julissa Herrera) |- |1964 |''Ụmụ nwanyị nke ụmụ m nwanyị'' |Maria | |- |1964 |''Izu ohi n'ụgbọ okporo ígwè'' | | |- |1965 |''Obodo Mmụọ'' | |aha ọzọ - Ghost Town''Obodo Mmụọ'' |- |1965 |''Ekwensu n'Eluigwe'' | | |- |1965 |''Mmehie'' |Lidia |aha ọzọ - El Pecador (aha mbụ) |- |1965 |''Ndị A mụrụ Maka Abụ'' | | |- |1965 |''Dengue nke Ịhụnanya'' | | |- |1965 |''Elena Abụọ'' |Elena | |- |1966 |''Otu Nwanyị Estupenda'' |Mercedes | |- |1966 |''Anyị Ndị Ntorobịa'' |Carmen | |- |1966 |''Ịgba Goolu'' | | |- |1966 |''Ike gwụrụ m na-arịọ ya arịrịọ'' | | |- |1967 |''Pedro Páramo'' |Ana Rentería | |- |1967 |''Ọ bụrụ na achọrọ m'' | | |- |1967 |''Lee nwoke dị otú ahụ'' |Laura | |- |1967 |''Egwuregwu Dị Iche Iche'' |Claudia (nkebi "HO") | |- |1967 |''Ndị si n'èzí'' |Paloma |aha ọzọ - Los Caifanes (aha mbụ) |- |1967 |''Ụwa Nzuzu nke Ndị Ntorobịa'' | |aha ọzọ - El Mundo Loco de los Jóvenes (aha mbụ) |- |1968 |''Ụlọ Egwu'' |Corinne Mandel | |- |1968 |''Ụlọ Ihe Ọjọọ'' |Lucy Durant | |- |1968 |''Ndị Ntorobịa'' | |aha ọzọ - The Adolescentes (aha mbụ) |- |1968 |''Ịchụpụ Casada'' |Sonia Vargas | |- |1968 |''Ihe odide abalị agbamakwụkwọ'' | |aha ọzọ - Ensayo de una Noche de Bodas (aha mbụ) |- |1969 |''Santa'' |Santa | |- |1969 |Paula | | |- |1970 |''Ịgha ụgha'' | | |- |1971 |''Agwọ Agwọ'' |Anabella Vandenberg |utu aha ndị ọzọ - La Muerte Viviente (aha mbụ), Snake People''Ndị Agwọ'' |- |1971 |''Oge okpomọkụ na-ere ọkụ'' |Marilu/Maria de la Luz Flores |aha ọzọ - Hot Summer''Oge okpomọkụ'' |- |1972 |''Nwaanyị Na-akwụwa Aka ọtọ'' | | |- |1972 |''Gị, M, Anyị'' | |A họpụtara ya - Ariel Award maka onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha mma |- |1972 |''Victoria'' | | |- |1973 |''Ndị A Na-atọrọ Nri'' |Lucía Gómez | |- |1979 |''Ịhụnanya Nwere Onwe'' | | |- |1981 |''Pachange'' |Adela, Nwunye Vicente | |- |1981 |''Ọrụ Ọchịchịrị'' | | |- |1981 |''D.F./District Federal'' | |Ariel Award maka onye na-eme ihe nkiri kachasị mma |- |1982 |''Onye a ma ama Remington'' | | |- |1982 |''Ụbọchị Agha'' |Elisa | |- |1982 |''41, nwoke zuru oke'' |Clarissa Machorro | |- |1982 |''Anya Nwatakịrị'' |Patricia | |- |1982 |Ihe Dị Mfe |Elisa Belascoaran | |- |1983 |''Carnales Abụọ'' | | |- |1984 |''A machibidoro Ịhụnanya na New York'' | | |- |1986 |''N'azụ Ọnwụ'' |Andrea/Laura | |- |1994 |''Ịhụnanya Na-egbu'' | | |- |2004 |''Onye Ime Anwansi'' |Raquel |aha ọzọ - The Magician''Onye Ime Anwansi'' |- |2005 |''Enweghị mmasị'' |Gertrudis Alcocer | |} === Ìgwè Onyonyo === {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%;" ! style="background: #B0C4DE;" |Afọ ! style="background: #B0C4DE;" |Aha ya ! style="background: #B0C4DE;" |Ọrụ ! style="background: #B0C4DE;" |Ihe edeturu |- |1962 |''Ozu ndị a gbasiri agbasi na Guanajuato'' | | |- |1963 |''Doña Macabra'' | | |- |1964 |''Orfeón mbụ'' | | |- |1964 |''Onye na-abanye n'ime'' |Veronica | |- |1964 |''Ụlọ ndị agbata obi'' |Lupe | |- |1964 |''Kpakpando'' | | |- |1965 |''Ịgha ụgha'' |Veronica | |- |1966 |''Obi Anụ Ọhịa'' |Mónica Molnar del Diablo | |- |1967 |''Ógbè'' | | |- |1969 |''Mgbe Ịnwụghị Ụma'' |Estela Ballesteros | |- |1971 |''Ụgbọ mmiri nke nwanyị'' | | |- |1972-73 |''Ụmụnne Obi Ike'' |Clara Barros/Diana Lemos/Marcia | |- |1974 |''Isi iyi nke ọrụ ebube'' | | |- |1976 |''Ndị ohi nke Rio Frío'' |Cecilia | |- |1978-79 |''Akwụkwọ ozi e degaara onye e gburu'' | | |- |1979-80 |Veronica |Veronica | |- |1980-81 |''Agba'' |Rita | |- |1986 |''Oge a kara akara'' | | |- |1987-88 |''Dị Anyị Dị'' | |Onye mmepụta |- |1987 |''Onye Na-enweghị Nchịkwa'' | - |Onye na-emepụta naanị |- |1988-89 |''Ihe ịma aka dị ụtọ'' | - |Onye na-emepụta naanị |- |1989 |''Ime Ihe Ike na-adịghị Mma'' | |Ihe nkiri TV |- |1994-95 |''Mmiri na-acha odo odo'' |Lola | |- |1996 |''Onyinyo nke onye nke ọzọ'' | - |Onye na-emepụta naanị |- |2003-04 |''Ụgbọ mmiri nke nwanyị'' |Lia del Moral de Villaseñor | |- |2002 |''Site na Gayola'' |Luchis/ La Nena | |- |2004 |''Iche Cheta America!'' |Ya onwe ya | |- |2004 |''Ọnụ Anọ'' |Ya onwe ya | |- |2005 |''100 ndị Mexico kwuru'' |Ya onwe ya |1 ihe omume - Ndị Nna vs Ụmụ''Ndị Nne na Nna vs Ụmụ'' |- |2005 |''N'okpuru otu uko'' |Julissa Acosta |1 ihe omume - Nleta nke Aunt July''Nleta nke Nwanne nwanyị July'' |- |2006 |''Ihe nrite TV na akwụkwọ akụkọ 2006'' |Ya onwe ya | |- |2006 |''Abụ Anyị Kasị Mma'' |Marcela Andere de Méndez | |- |2006–07 |''Onye mara mma'' |Teresita Sáenz nke Mendiola |Ihe omume 2 |- |2007 |''Ihe nrite TV na Novelas 2007'' |Ya onwe ya | |- |2008 |''Ọkụ n'ime ọbara'' |Raquel Uribe |Ihe omume 9 |- |2009-10 |''Ịtụrụ egwu ime nrọ'' |Doña Cristina "Cristi" Jiménez vda. nke Peralta | |- |2012-13 |''N'ihi na ịhụnanya na-achịkwa'' |Doña Susana Arriaga | |- |2014 |''Dị ka okwu ahụ si kwuo'' |Gertrudis |Ihe omume: "Ịma anyaukwu na oké ọchịchọ" |- |} === Egwú === {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%;" |- ! style="background: #B0C4DE;" | Afọ ! style="background: #B0C4DE;" | Nsonaazụ ! style="background: #B0C4DE;" | Ihe nrite ! style="background: #B0C4DE;" | Ụdakọ |- |1990 |{{won}} |Golden and Platinum Discs |Album I (Mexico) |- |1991 |{{won}} |Golden Disc |Album I (Spain) |- |1991 |{{won}} |Golden Disc |Album II (Mexico) |- |1992 |{{won}} |The Eres Award |Best Youth Musical Group |- |1992 |{{won}} |Double Platinum Disc |Album I (Spain) |- |1992 |{{won}} |Golden Disc and Platinum Disc |Album II (Spain) |- |1993 |{{won}} |Golden Disc |Banda Rock (Mexico) |- |1993 |{{won}} |The Eres Award |Best Youth Musical Group of the Year |- |1994 |{{won}} |Furia Musical Award |Banda Rock |- |1994 |{{won}} |Double Golden Disc |El Album DOble (Spain) |- |1994 |{{won}} |Las Palms de Oro (Golden Palms) Award | |- |1995 |{{won}} |Golden Disc |The Album ''Hoy'' (Spain) |} A nabatara Julissa n'ime Paseo de las Luminarias n'afọ 1987 n'ihi ọrụ ya n'ihe nkiri, telivishọn, ihe ngosi n'elu ikpo okwu (theater), na ụlọ ọrụ ndekọ egwu, ebe ọ sonyeere ndị mụrụ ya. N'oge na-adịghị anya, a ga-etinyekwa akara aka nwanne ya nwoke n'akụkụ nke ya; e si otú a sọpụrụ mmadụ anọ niile so n'ezinụlọ De Llano-Macedo na Paseo ahụ. == Edensịbia == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />  == Njikọ mpụga == * {{IMDb name|0215612}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100127163125/http://www.julissa.com.mx/ Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ gọọmentị] [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] hnu9fx2k1js851zzvxdmrykjxm0gkor 0 80672 736913 722662 2026-10-09T11:26:03Z Juliegwen 12936 736913 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Commons category|Marga López}}{{Authority control}}'''Catalina Margarita López Ramos''' (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈmaɾɣa ˈlopes]; Juun 21, 1924 - Julaị 4, 2005), nke a maara dị ka '''Marga López''', bụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri na obodo Mexico a mụrụ na Argentina.{{IPA|es|ˈmaɾɣa ˈlopes}} ==Akụkọ ndụ== [[File:Marga_López_en_1951.jpg|thumb|239x239px|Marga López na 1951]] A mụrụ Catalina Margarita López Ramos na ọnwa Juun 21, 1924, na San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina. Ọ bụ ezie na a mụrụ ya na obodo Argentina, o mechara nweta nwa amaala Mexico. Nne na nna ya bụ Pedro López Sánchez na Dolores Ramos Nava. O nwere ụmụnne isii bụ: Juan, Miguel, Dolores, Pedro, María na Manuel. Ọ malitere na azụmahịa ngosi na mba ya mgbe ọ bụ nwata, ya na ụmụnne ya, n'òtù a maara dị ka Los Hermanitos López. N'afọ 1936, otu ahụ mere njem site na Latin America, gụnyere [[Mézíkọ|Mexico]]. N'ebe ahụ, ọ hụrụ onye ga-abụ di ya, Carlos Amador, onye na-emepụta ihe nkiri, onye ọ lụrụ ugboro abụọ, na afo 1941 na 1961. Ha nwere ụmụ abụọ, Carlos na Manuel. N'afọ 1964, ọ lụrụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri Arturo nke Córdova, onye nwụrụ n'afọ 1973. Ha rụkọtara ọrụ nkiri na Sinful. Ọ bụ nwanne nwanyị nke onye na-akpọ ụbọ akwara, onye na-agụ ụbọ akhara, na onye nkụzi Manuel López Ramos, onye guzobere Estudio de Arte Guitarrístico ma were ya dị ka onye ọsụ ụzọ na nkuzi nke ụbọ akpọ na Mexico. [[File:Marga_López_and_Francisco_Rabal_in_El_hombre_de_la_isla_(1960).jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|López na Francisco Rabal na El hombre de la isla (1960) ]] Oge izizi ya na ihe nkiri Mexico bụ ọrụ onye na-ere nri na ihe nkiri El hijo disobediente, nke Humberto Gómez Landero duziri, na-afọ 1945. Ka e mesịrị n'afọ 1959, ya na Rita Macedo kerịtara nnukwu ihe nkiri na Nazarin ihe nkiri nke Luis Buñuel. Ọ pụtara na ihe karịrị ihe nkiri 80 na Golden Age nke ihe nkiri Mexico, ya na Pedro Infante, Luis Aguilar, Ernesto Alonso, Tin Tan na Amparo Rivelles kerịtara ihe nrite. Ọ pụtakwara n'ọtụtụ telenovelas, nke ikpeazụ ya bụ Bajo la misma piel . N'afọ 2004, ọ gara Chamizal Independent Film Festival, na El Paso, Texas na Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua. N'etiti ọrụ ihe nkiri ya, a maara ya maka ịpụta na Salón México (1949) na Nazarin (1959), ya na Ignacio López Tarso. ==Ọnwụ== [[File:Margalopez2.jpg|thumb|López na 2002]] Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2005, ọ bụ onye ọrịa emphysema ma nwee oke ọrịa bronchitis. Akụkọ na-ekwu na ọ bụ onye na-ese siga ma kwụsịghị ịṅụ sịga ruo n'afọ 2004. Na Tuzdee, abalị iri abụọ na onwa Aprel, afo 2005, ọ nwere nkụchi obi mgbe ọ na-eme nyocha ahụike n'ụlọ ọgwụ dị na Mexico City. Ọ nwụrụ na Julaị 4, 2005, site na nkụchi obi. ==Ihe nkiri onyonyo== * ''N'okpuru otu akpụkpọ ahụ'' (2003-2004) dị ka Esther Escalante de Ortiz. * Entre el amor y el odio (2002) dị ka Josefa Villarreal. * ''Isi iyi'' (2001-2002) dị ka Nne Ukwu. * Aventuras en el tiempo (2001) dị ka Urraca Valdepeña. * Carita de ángel (2001) dị ka Nne General Asunción de la Lúz. * ''Ụlọ dị n'ụsọ osimiri'' (2000) dị ka Serena Rivas. * El privilegio de amar (1998-1999) dị ka Ana Joaquina Velarde. * Mujer, casos de la vida real (1997) (Episodio: Gịnị na-eme?) * ''Ị ka hụrụ n'anya'' (1996-1997) dị ka Montserrat. * Njikọ ịhụnanya (1995-1996) dị ka Mercedes Iturbe. * ''Alondra'' (1995) dị ka Leticia del Bosque. † * ''Oge a kara aka'' (1989) dị ka Martha * Caminemos (1980) dị ka Aurora. * Añoranza (1979) dị ka Magdalena. * ''Bịa m'' (1975) * ''Ịṅụ iyi'' (1974) * ''Ihe mkpuchi'' (1971) dị ka Margara. * Concierto de almas (1969) dị ka Magda. * ''Cynthia'' (1968) dị ka Cynthia. * ''Ozu ndị a gbasiri agbasi na Guanajuato'' (1962) ==Ihe nkiri ndị a họpụtara== [[File:Marga_López_and_Alberto_Closas_in_Navidades_en_junio_(1960).jpg|thumb|López na Alberto Closas na Navidades na June (1960) ]] * Nwa Nwanyị Nnupụisi (1945) * ''Garcias Atọ'' (1947) * Nlaghachi Garcias (1947) * ''Egwú n'ime'' (1947) * Kaadị ndị e ji akara mee (1948) * Salón México (1949) * ''Midnight'' (1949) * ''Ịhụnanya Maka Ịhụnanya'' (1950) * Orange Blossom maka agbamakwụkwọ gị (1950) * ''Arbabalaera'' (1951) * Ụmụ agbọghọ na Uniform (1951) * ''Ebe Dị Nso n'Eluigwe'' (1952) * ''Nwunye m na Onye nke Ọzọ'' (1952) * ''Ụgha'' (1952) * ''Ugbu a, enwere m ọgaranya'' (1952) * ''Ịgba alụkwaghịm'' (1953) * ''Clementine m hụrụ n'anya'' (1953) * Ndị gavilanes (The Sparrowhawks) (1954) * ''Okwu nke Atọ'' (Okwu nke Atọ) (1955) * ''Mgbe Oké Ifufe ahụ gasịrị'' (1955) * ''Site n'aka na n'okporo ámá'' (Arm in Arm Down the Street) (1956) * ''Nazarin'' (1958) * ''Alfonso nke Iri na Abụọ na María Cristina'' (1960) * ''Nne m bụ onye ikpe mara'' (1960) * ''Peaches na Syrup'' (1960) * ''Ọbụna ifufe na-atụ egwu'' (1968) * ''Akwụkwọ Nkume'' (1969) == Edensịbia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * {{IMDb name}} [[Otú:Articles with hCards]] [[Otú:Ndị nwuru anwu]] 07i4djh9i06811plua4oqo0l8pwqt9n 736914 736913 2026-10-09T11:29:55Z Vivian Amalachukwu 17172 736914 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Commons category|Marga López}}'''Catalina Margarita López Ramos''' (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈmaɾɣa ˈlopes]; Juun 21, 1924 - Julaị 4, 2005), nke a maara dị ka '''Marga López''', bụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri na obodo Mexico a mụrụ na Argentina.{{IPA|es|ˈmaɾɣa ˈlopes}} ==Akụkọ ndụ== [[File:Marga_López_en_1951.jpg|thumb|239x239px|Marga López na 1951]] A mụrụ Catalina Margarita López Ramos na ọnwa Juun 21, 1924, na San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina. Ọ bụ ezie na a mụrụ ya na obodo Argentina, o mechara nweta nwa amaala Mexico. Nne na nna ya bụ Pedro López Sánchez na Dolores Ramos Nava. O nwere ụmụnne isii bụ: Juan, Miguel, Dolores, Pedro, María na Manuel. Ọ malitere na azụmahịa ngosi na mba ya mgbe ọ bụ nwata, ya na ụmụnne ya, n'òtù a maara dị ka Los Hermanitos López. N'afọ 1936, otu ahụ mere njem site na Latin America, gụnyere [[Mézíkọ|Mexico]]. N'ebe ahụ, ọ hụrụ onye ga-abụ di ya, Carlos Amador, onye na-emepụta ihe nkiri, onye ọ lụrụ ugboro abụọ, na afo 1941 na 1961. Ha nwere ụmụ abụọ, Carlos na Manuel. N'afọ 1964, ọ lụrụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri Arturo nke Córdova, onye nwụrụ n'afọ 1973. Ha rụkọtara ọrụ nkiri na Sinful. Ọ bụ nwanne nwanyị nke onye na-akpọ ụbọ akwara, onye na-agụ ụbọ akhara, na onye nkụzi Manuel López Ramos, onye guzobere Estudio de Arte Guitarrístico ma were ya dị ka onye ọsụ ụzọ na nkuzi nke ụbọ akpọ na Mexico. [[File:Marga_López_and_Francisco_Rabal_in_El_hombre_de_la_isla_(1960).jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|López na Francisco Rabal na El hombre de la isla (1960) ]] Oge izizi ya na ihe nkiri Mexico bụ ọrụ onye na-ere nri na ihe nkiri El hijo disobediente, nke Humberto Gómez Landero duziri, na-afọ 1945. Ka e mesịrị n'afọ 1959, ya na Rita Macedo kerịtara nnukwu ihe nkiri na Nazarin ihe nkiri nke Luis Buñuel. Ọ pụtara na ihe karịrị ihe nkiri 80 na Golden Age nke ihe nkiri Mexico, ya na Pedro Infante, Luis Aguilar, Ernesto Alonso, Tin Tan na Amparo Rivelles kerịtara ihe nrite. Ọ pụtakwara n'ọtụtụ telenovelas, nke ikpeazụ ya bụ Bajo la misma piel . N'afọ 2004, ọ gara Chamizal Independent Film Festival, na El Paso, Texas na Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua. N'etiti ọrụ ihe nkiri ya, a maara ya maka ịpụta na Salón México (1949) na Nazarin (1959), ya na Ignacio López Tarso. ==Ọnwụ== [[File:Margalopez2.jpg|thumb|López na 2002]] Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2005, ọ bụ onye ọrịa emphysema ma nwee oke ọrịa bronchitis. Akụkọ na-ekwu na ọ bụ onye na-ese siga ma kwụsịghị ịṅụ sịga ruo n'afọ 2004. Na Tuzdee, abalị iri abụọ na onwa Aprel, afo 2005, ọ nwere nkụchi obi mgbe ọ na-eme nyocha ahụike n'ụlọ ọgwụ dị na Mexico City. Ọ nwụrụ na Julaị 4, 2005, site na nkụchi obi. ==Ihe nkiri onyonyo== * ''N'okpuru otu akpụkpọ ahụ'' (2003-2004) dị ka Esther Escalante de Ortiz. * Entre el amor y el odio (2002) dị ka Josefa Villarreal. * ''Isi iyi'' (2001-2002) dị ka Nne Ukwu. * Aventuras en el tiempo (2001) dị ka Urraca Valdepeña. * Carita de ángel (2001) dị ka Nne General Asunción de la Lúz. * ''Ụlọ dị n'ụsọ osimiri'' (2000) dị ka Serena Rivas. * El privilegio de amar (1998-1999) dị ka Ana Joaquina Velarde. * Mujer, casos de la vida real (1997) (Episodio: Gịnị na-eme?) * ''Ị ka hụrụ n'anya'' (1996-1997) dị ka Montserrat. * Njikọ ịhụnanya (1995-1996) dị ka Mercedes Iturbe. * ''Alondra'' (1995) dị ka Leticia del Bosque. † * ''Oge a kara aka'' (1989) dị ka Martha * Caminemos (1980) dị ka Aurora. * Añoranza (1979) dị ka Magdalena. * ''Bịa m'' (1975) * ''Ịṅụ iyi'' (1974) * ''Ihe mkpuchi'' (1971) dị ka Margara. * Concierto de almas (1969) dị ka Magda. * ''Cynthia'' (1968) dị ka Cynthia. * ''Ozu ndị a gbasiri agbasi na Guanajuato'' (1962) ==Ihe nkiri ndị a họpụtara== [[File:Marga_López_and_Alberto_Closas_in_Navidades_en_junio_(1960).jpg|thumb|López na Alberto Closas na Navidades na June (1960) ]] * Nwa Nwanyị Nnupụisi (1945) * ''Garcias Atọ'' (1947) * Nlaghachi Garcias (1947) * ''Egwú n'ime'' (1947) * Kaadị ndị e ji akara mee (1948) * Salón México (1949) * ''Midnight'' (1949) * ''Ịhụnanya Maka Ịhụnanya'' (1950) * Orange Blossom maka agbamakwụkwọ gị (1950) * ''Arbabalaera'' (1951) * Ụmụ agbọghọ na Uniform (1951) * ''Ebe Dị Nso n'Eluigwe'' (1952) * ''Nwunye m na Onye nke Ọzọ'' (1952) * ''Ụgha'' (1952) * ''Ugbu a, enwere m ọgaranya'' (1952) * ''Ịgba alụkwaghịm'' (1953) * ''Clementine m hụrụ n'anya'' (1953) * Ndị gavilanes (The Sparrowhawks) (1954) * ''Okwu nke Atọ'' (Okwu nke Atọ) (1955) * ''Mgbe Oké Ifufe ahụ gasịrị'' (1955) * ''Site n'aka na n'okporo ámá'' (Arm in Arm Down the Street) (1956) * ''Nazarin'' (1958) * ''Alfonso nke Iri na Abụọ na María Cristina'' (1960) * ''Nne m bụ onye ikpe mara'' (1960) * ''Peaches na Syrup'' (1960) * ''Ọbụna ifufe na-atụ egwu'' (1968) * ''Akwụkwọ Nkume'' (1969) == Edensịbia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * {{IMDb name}} {{Authority control}} [[Otú:Articles with hCards]] [[Otú:Ndị nwuru anwu]] 8mgwt6x39lvrebktib00tl7unj9alx5 0 80725 736905 726194 2026-10-09T10:20:47Z Anumodu favour Amarachi 24669 /* Telivishọn */ 736905 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Message box/ambox.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Multiple issues/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  '''Julieta Egurrola''' (onye a mụrụ 13 nke ọnwa Juun afọ 1953) bụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri si mba Mexico. Ọ gụrụ maka ime ihe nkiri na Centro Universitario de Teatro, ma sonye n'ihe karịrị egwuregwu ihe nkiri iri anọ na otu == Ndepụta ihe nkiri == === Ihe nkiri === * ''Hel a na-atụ egwu nke ukwuu'' (1975) * ''[[María de mi corazón|Maria nke obi m]]'' (1979) * ''Nwanyị zuru oke'' (1979) - Claudia * ''Enroque'' (1981) * ''[[Un frágil retorno|Nlaghachi na-adịghị ike]]'' (1981) * ''Ọdịdị na-eduhie eduhie'' (1983) * ''[[Cartas a Maria Teresa|Akwụkwọ ozi e degaara Maria Teresa]]'' (1989) * ''Ịbọ ọbọ'' (1990) * ''Mina'' (1992) * ''Mmalite na njedebe'' (1993) - Ignacia Botero * ''[[Jonás y la ballena rosada|Jona na whale pink]]'' (1995) * Profundo carmesí (1996) - Juanita Norton * Njedebe egwuregwu (1998) * El evangelio de las Maravillas (1998) - Nne Tomasa * ''[[Crónica de un desayuno|Akụkọ banyere nri ụtụtụ]]'' (1999) - Seño Fonda * Na mba nke ihe ọ bụla na-adịghị eme (2000) - Elena Lascuráin * ''[[Otilia Rauda]]'' (2001) - Nne Otilia * Santos peregrinos (2004) - Juanita * ''Mmetụta ndị ọzọ'' (2006) - Carola * ''[[Familia tortuga|Ezinụlọ mbe]]'' (2006) * Revotando (2007) * ''[[Amor letra por letra|Ịhụnanya mkpụrụedemede site na mkpụrụedemede]]'' (2008) - Consuelo * ''Pentiment'' (2009) * ''Ụda'' (2022) - Julia === Telivishọn === Television Mamá campanita (1978) Pasiones encendidas (1978) El cielo es para todos (1979) El árabe (1980) – Diana Bodas de odio (1983) – Josefina de Icaza Tú o nadie (1985) – Meche Martín Garatuza (1986) – Sarmiento La pobre señorita Limantour (1987) Quinceañera (1987) – Carmen Fernández Encadenados (1988) – Jacinta Dulce desafío (1989) – Refugio Yo compro esa mujer (1990) – Isabel de Marín Atrapada (1991) – Fina Triángulo (1992) – Ana Linares de Villafranca Prisionera de amor (1994) – Flavia Monasterios El vuelo del águila (1994) – Luisa Romero Rubio Si Dios me quita la vida (1995) – Antonieta La culpa (1996) – Irma Señora (1998) – Dolores / Victoria Santacruz Háblame de amor (1999) – Laura de Toledo La calle de las novias (2000) – Diana de Mendoza La duda (2002) – Teresa Cara o cruz (2002) – Matilde Sosa de Alcántara Mirada de mujer: El regreso (2003) La Heredera (2004) – Dulce Regina Sergio Torres Machos (2005) – Valentina Fernández Montecristo (2006) – Sara Vivir por ti (2008) – Mercedes La Loba (2010) – La Güera Emperatriz (2011) – Perfecta Jurado[2] Los Rey (2012) – Julia's mother Mujeres de negro (2016) – Isabella de Zamora Caer en tentación (2017) – Miriam Armas de mujer (2022) – Enriqueta Zuazo Amanecer (2025) – Leticia Galván[3] == Edensibịa == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />  == Njikọ mpụga == {{IMDb name|0251158|Julieta Egurrola}}{{Guadalajara International Film Festival Award for Best Actress}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Articles with hCards]] jex8b22qdbxkb4w40dsybif2xu92qoh 736909 736905 2026-10-09T10:52:35Z Vivian Amalachukwu 17172 Added a missing session 736909 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Message box/ambox.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Multiple issues/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  '''Julieta Egurrola''' (onye a mụrụ 13 nke ọnwa Juun afọ 1953) bụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri si mba Mexico. Ọ gụrụ maka ime ihe nkiri na Centro Universitario de Teatro, ma sonye n'ihe karịrị egwuregwu ihe nkiri iri anọ na otu == Ndepụta ihe nkiri == === Ihe nkiri === * ''Hel a na-atụ egwu nke ukwuu'' (1975) * ''[[María de mi corazón|Maria nke obi m]]'' (1979) * ''Nwanyị zuru oke'' (1979) - Claudia * ''Enroque'' (1981) * ''[[Un frágil retorno|Nlaghachi na-adịghị ike]]'' (1981) * ''Ọdịdị na-eduhie eduhie'' (1983) * ''[[Cartas a Maria Teresa|Akwụkwọ ozi e degaara Maria Teresa]]'' (1989) * ''Ịbọ ọbọ'' (1990) * ''Mina'' (1992) * ''Mmalite na njedebe'' (1993) - Ignacia Botero * ''[[Jonás y la ballena rosada|Jona na whale pink]]'' (1995) * Profundo carmesí (1996) - Juanita Norton * Njedebe egwuregwu (1998) * El evangelio de las Maravillas (1998) - Nne Tomasa * ''[[Crónica de un desayuno|Akụkọ banyere nri ụtụtụ]]'' (1999) - Seño Fonda * Na mba nke ihe ọ bụla na-adịghị eme (2000) - Elena Lascuráin * ''[[Otilia Rauda]]'' (2001) - Nne Otilia * Santos peregrinos (2004) - Juanita * ''Mmetụta ndị ọzọ'' (2006) - Carola * ''[[Familia tortuga|Ezinụlọ mbe]]'' (2006) * Revotando (2007) * ''[[Amor letra por letra|Ịhụnanya mkpụrụedemede site na mkpụrụedemede]]'' (2008) - Consuelo * ''Pentiment'' (2009) * ''Ụda'' (2022) - Julia === Telivishọn === {{div col}} * ''Mamá campanita'' (1978) * ''Pasiones encendidas'' (1978) * ''El cielo es para todos'' (1979) * ''El árabe'' (1980) – Diana * ''Bodas de odio'' (1983) – Josefina de Icaza * ''Tú o nadie'' (1985) – Meche * ''Martín Garatuza'' (1986) – Sarmiento * ''La pobre señorita Limantour'' (1987) * ''Quinceañera'' (1987) – Carmen Fernández * ''Encadenados (1988 TV series)'' (1988) – Jacinta * ''Dulce desafío'' (1989) – Refugio * ''Yo compro esa mujer'' (1990) – Isabel de Marín * ''Atrapada'' (1991) – Fina * ''Triángulo (telenovela)'' (1992) – Ana Linares de Villafranca * ''Prisionera de amor'' (1994) – Flavia Monasterios * ''El vuelo del águila'' (1994) – Luisa Romero Rubio * ''Si Dios me quita la vida'' (1995) – Antonieta * ''La culpa (telenovela)'' (1996) – Irma * ''Señora'' (1998) – Dolores / Victoria Santacruz * ''Háblame de amor'' (1999) – Laura de Toledo * ''La calle de las novias'' (2000) – Diana de Mendoza * ''La duda'' (2002) – Teresa * ''Cara o cruz'' (2002) – Matilde Sosa de Alcántara * ''Mirada de mujer: El regreso'' (2003) * ''La Heredera'' (2004) – Dulce Regina Sergio Torres * ''Machos'' (2005) – Valentina Fernández * ''Montecristo'' (2006) – Sara * ''Vivir por ti'' (2008) – Mercedes * ''La Loba'' (2010) – La Güera * ''Emperatriz'' (2011) – Perfecta Jurado * ''Los Rey'' (2012) – Julia's mother * ''Mujeres de negro'' (2016) – Isabella de Zamora * ''Caer en tentación'' (2017) – Miriam * '''Til Jail Do Us Part'' (2022) – Enriqueta Zuazo * ''Amanecer'' (2025) – Leticia Galván<ref>{{cite web |last=Mendiola |first=Omar |title=Quién es quién en "Amanecer", telenovela de Juan Osorio que marca el regreso de Fernando Colunga a la tv |url=https://lasillarota.com/yo-soi-tu/que-ver/2025/7/7/quien-es-quien-en-amanecer-telenovela-de-juan-osorio-que-marca-el-regreso-de-fernando-colunga-la-tv-544390.html |website=La Silla Rota |access-date=30 April 2026 |language=es |date=7 July 2025}}</ref> {{div col end}} == Edensibịa == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />  == Njikọ mpụga == {{IMDb name|0251158|Julieta Egurrola}}{{Guadalajara International Film Festival Award for Best Actress}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Articles with hCards]] ofmq7nzexjhy18e4qky2cc59csol6kx 0 80766 736907 727967 2026-10-09T10:36:14Z Adimora chidinma 15845 736907 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}   '''Doo Aphane''' bụ onye ọka iwu Swazi na onye na-eme mkpọsa maka ikike ụmụ nwaanyị. Ọ rụọla ọrụ ya na ọtụtụ òtù na-ahụ maka ikike mmadụ na ikike ụmụ nwanyị. N'afọ 2012, o nwere ihe ịga nke ọma n'ịgbanwe iwu Swaziland ka ụmụ nwanyị lụrụ di nwee ike inwe ihe onwunwe n'aha nke ha. == Ọrụ == Doo Aphane nwere akara ugo mmụta master of law ma na-arụ ọrụ dịka ọkaiwu, ọkachamara n'iwu okike. O hiwere Women for Women Development Consultancy, ọ ka bụ onye nduzi nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ, ma guzobekwa ụlọ ọgwụ enyemaka iwu nke Council of Swaziland Churches. Aphane na-eme nnyocha iwu ma bụrụkwa onye so dee ọtụtụ akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ. Ọ bụ onye nhazi mba mbụ nke ụmụ nwanyị na iwu maka Swaziland maka Human Rights Trust of Southern Africa ma bụrụkwa onye nhazi mpaghara nke mba isii dị na ndịda Africa maka Women's Legal Rights Initiative. Aphane bụ osote onyeisi oche nke otu nhazi etiti nke Global Fund for Women ma bụrụkwa onye otu kọmitii ndụmọdụ teknụzụ nke Southern African Development Community gbasara HIV na AIDS site na 2007–2012. Ọ bụkwa onye otu bọọdụ nke Swaziland Young Women's Network, AIDS Information and Support Centre ma ka bụ onye otu African Feminist Forum.<ref>{{cite web|title=Doo Aphane|url=http://www.the-isla.org/doo-aphane/|publisher=Initiative for Strategic Legislation in Africa|accessdate=2 January 2018}}</ref>. Aphane dọrọ gọọmentị Swaziland aka na ntị na ngagharị iwe ndị nkuzi ogologo oge na 2012 na-emetụta agụmakwụkwọ ụmụaka na enweghị ha n'ụlọ akwụkwọ mere ka ha nwee ike inwe mwakpo mmekọahụ na iji ọgwụ ọjọọ eme ihe n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi.<ref>{{cite news|title=Strike by Teachers does not necessarily mean political liberation for Swaziland – There is need for a regime change agenda|url=http://www.newstimeafrica.com/archives/27426|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120803022043/http://www.newstimeafrica.com/archives/27426|url-status=usurped|archive-date=August 3, 2012|accessdate=15 November 2017|work=Newstime Africa|date=1 August 2012}}</ref> Nakwa n'afọ 2012, o meriri n'ikpe n'Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke Swaziland nke na-amachibido iwu ka ụmụ nwanyị lụrụ di nwee ihe onwunwe ma n'aha ha ma ọ bụ na di ya; e mechakwara gbanwee iwu ahụ.<ref>{{cite web|title=Swaziland Supreme Court advances women's property rights|url=https://www.escr-net.org/caselaw/2017/attorney-general-v-mary-joyce-doo-aphane-2010-szsc-32|publisher=ESCR-Net|accessdate=15 November 2017|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=RIGHTS-SWAZILAND: Property Rights At Last for Women {{!}} Inter Press Service|url=https://www.ipsnews.net/2010/03/rights-swaziland-property-rights-at-last-for-women/|accessdate=15 November 2017|work=IPS News}}</ref> == Edensibịa == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> {{Authority control}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Articles with hCards]] las9w2yjxju9h5bepehf5ynczbav7pj 0 80779 736882 728526 2026-10-08T18:57:19Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 736882 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Muriel A. Howard | image = File:Muriel Howard, Buffalo, NY.JPG | caption = | office = [[Chancellor (education)|President]], [[Buffalo State College]] | term_start = 1996 | term_end = 2009 | predecessor = [[F.C. Richardson]] | successor = Aaron Podolefsky | birth_place = [[Wilson, North Carolina]]<ref name="Inauguration">The inauguration of Muriel A. Moore, ''State University of New York College at Buffalo'', Buffalo, NY: Buffalo State College, Public Affairs, 25 October 1996.</ref> | death_date = | death_place = | alma_mater = [[University at Buffalo, The State University of New York|University at Buffalo]], [[College of Staten Island|Richmond College]] | profession = Higher education, [[Academic administration]] | spouse = Albert "Mickey" Howard | children = | website = }} [[Faịlụ:Muriel_(Moore)_Howard_at_University_of_Buffalo_Football_Game,_1992_(3).jpg|thumb|338x338px|Muriel (Moore) Howard na Mahadum nke Buffalo Football Game, 1992]] '''Muriel A. Howard''' (b. 1947/1948) <ref name="First" /> (nke bụbu Muriel A, Moore) bụ onye isi oche nke American Association of State Colleges and Universities (AASCU) na [[Washington, D.C.]], ma jee ozi dị ka onye isi oche asaa nke Buffalo State College na State University of New York (SUNY) site na 1996 ruo 2009.<ref name="Appointment">{{Cite news |author=Brady |first=Karen |date=12 December 1995 |title=Vice president at UB will head Buffalo State |url=https://buffalonews.com/news/vice-president-at-ub-will-head-buffalo-state/article_ae06a211-40ad-5e35-9a26-6d3175e1ebe2.html |work=The Buffalo News |page=D1 |id={{ProQuest|381114973}}}}</ref><ref name="NYTimes">{{Cite news |title=Biography of Muriel A. Howard |url=https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/ref/college/coll-howard-bio.html |work=The New York Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=26 April 1996 |title=Buffalo State's new president pledges to raise college's profile, address problems |url=https://buffalonews.com/news/buffalo-states-new-president-pledges-to-raise-colleges-profile-address-problems/article_29fab931-deb5-50d1-b8a7-e1a373594718.html |work=The Buffalo News |id={{ProQuest|381127385}} |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260928105040/https://buffalonews.com/news/buffalo-states-new-president-pledges-to-raise-colleges-profile-address-problems/article_29fab931-deb5-50d1-b8a7-e1a373594718.html |archive-date=28 September 2026 |access-date=28 September 2026 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Tupu ọ bụrụ onye isi oche na Buffalo State College, ọ bụ osote onye isi oche maka ọrụ ọha na eze na ihe omume obodo na ụlọ akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ SUNY, Mahadum dị na Buffalo, ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ afọ 23. <ref name="President" /> <ref name="Bio" /> <ref name="Appointment" /><ref name="Top">{{Cite news |date=2 April 1996 |title=Moore joins candidates list at Buffalo State |work=Buffalo News |id={{ProQuest|381132179}}}}</ref><ref name="NYTimes" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=30 April 1996 |title=A Campus on probation if Buffalo State can't work with Moore, then what? |work=Buffalo News |id={{ProQuest|381129394}}}}</ref> Howard gụrụ akwụkwọ na mahadum ọha na eze na [[Nú Yọk|New York]] State, nakwa na [[Harvard University|Mahadum Harvard]], <ref name="First">{{Cite news |date=2 November 1996 |title=Buffalo state welcomes first woman president |work=Afro-American Red Star |id={{ProQuest|369606065}}}}</ref> <ref name="Bio" /> ebe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahaduma Institute of Management .<ref name="NYTimes" /> Howard abụwo onye ndu na onye otu ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ ndị nduzi; na kansụl na kọmitii na agụmakwụkwọ dị elu na gọọmentị obodo. <ref name="Bio" /><ref name="NYTimes" /> Ọzọkwa, ọ bụ onye natara ọtụtụ onyinye na nsọpụrụ n'oge niile ọ na-arụ ọrụ. <ref name="Bio" /><ref name="NYTimes" /> == Oge ọ malitere == A mụrụ Howard na Wilson, North Carolina, <ref name="Appointment" /> mana o biri na Queens, New York.<ref name="Impressions">{{Cite news |date=3 September 2006 |title=Last impressions: Muriel A. Howard |work=Buffalo News |id={{ProQuest|381780379}}}}</ref> Ọ kwagara Buffalo, New York mgbe ọ ghọrọ nwa akwụkwọ na Mahadum dị na Buffalo . == UAgụmakwụkwọ na nzere nsọpụrụ == YoỌ natara nzere Bachelor nke nka na nkà mmụta mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na Richmond College, City University of New York; <ref name="First" /> na nzere masta nke agụmakwụkwọ na doctorate na nhazi agụmakwụkwọ, nchịkwa, na iwu na Mahadum dị na Buffalo, <ref name="Appointment" /> Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadume Harvard's Institute of Management . <ref name="First" /><ref name="First" /> Howard enwetala nzere nsọpụrụ isii, gụnyere, n'akụkụ: * Doctor of Humane Letters, [[New Hampshire]]">Keene_State_College" id="mwrg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Keene State College">Keene State College, Keene, New Hampshire, August 2010; * Doctor of Humane Letters, College of Staten Island, Staten Island, [[Nú Yọk|New York]], May 2010; * Doctor of Humane Letters, Grambling State University, Gramblings, [[Luwisiánà|Louisiana]], May 2010; na<ref>{{Cite journal |date=June 2010 |title=Dr. Muriel Howard inspires Spring graduates |url=https://www.gram.edu/news/infocus/docs/In_Focus_June_2010Final.pdf |journal=In Focus |volume=1 |issue=2 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241130144525/https://www.gram.edu/news/infocus/docs/In_Focus_June_2010Final.pdf |archive-date=2024-11-30 |access-date=2026-09-28 |url-status=dead}}</ref> * Doctor of Humane Letters, New York City Technical College, City University of New York, May 2002.<ref name="NYTimes" /> == Mmasị agụmakwụkwọ == Mmasị ọkachamara na nke agụmakwụkwọ nke Howard gụnyere nkwado maka agụmakwụkwọ; idu ndú agụmakwụkwọ, na nnọchiteanya nke ụmụ nwanyị na ndị ka nta na agụmakwụkwọ na ọrụ ọha na eze. == Osote onyeisi oche na Mahadum dị na Buffalo == Howard nwere ọkwa kachasị elu na Mahadum tupu ọ bụrụ onye isi oche nke Buffalo State College. <ref name="First" /><ref name="Highest">{{Cite news |date=2 December 1992 |title=New post makes Moore highest-ranking woman at UB |work=Buffalo News |id={{ProQuest|380775351}}}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye otu nchịkwa nke Onye isi oche UB Bill Greiner. Mgbe a kpọrọ ya aha n'ọkwa ya dị ka osote onye isi oche maka Ọrụ Ọha na Ihe Ndị Dị n'Obodo na UB, Howard nwere ọtụtụ ihe ọ ga-ekerịta banyere ọhụụ ya maka UB.<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> == Onye isi oche na Buffalo State College == [[Faịlụ:Muriel_Howard_Speaking_at_MOOG_Leadership_Weekend,_Elma,_NY,_2000.jpg|thumb|Muriel Howard Na-ekwu okwu na MOOG Leadership Weekend, East Aurora, New York, 2000]] Dị ka onye ndú nke Buffalo State College, Howard duziri ụlọ akwụkwọ nke ihe karịrị ụmụ akwụkwọ 11,000; ihe dịka ngalaba na ndị ọrụ 1,700; na ọrụ ego nke ihe karịrị $ 214. &nbsp;Ọ bụkwa nwanyị mbụ duziri kọleji ahụ.<ref name="First" /><ref name="Community">{{Cite news |date=24 April 1996 |title=Moore named president of Buffalo State |work=Buffalo News |id={{ProQuest|381127244}}}}</ref> === Nhọpụta === Onye bụbu onye otu New York State Assembly Sam Hoyt gụsịrị akwụkwọ na kọleji ahụ na kọlejin ahụ dị na mpaghara ya; ọ kọọrọ echiche ya banyere nhọpụta Howard.   <ref name="Top" /><ref name="Interim">{{Cite news |date=9 February 1996 |title=Moore wants Buffalo State to be role model for others |work=Buffalo News |id={{ProQuest|381132086}}}}</ref>Howard (onye Moore mgbe ahụ) malitere ịbụ onye ndu ya na kọleji ahụ dịka Onyeisiala Oge.[1] === Ịdu === Tupu ọ bịa na kọleji, Howard nwere obere ahụmịhe n'iso ngalaba na-emekọrịta ihe, agbanyeghị na a na-eto nkà nhazi ya na ikike idozi esemokwu.<ref name="Praise">{{Cite news |date=13 December 1995 |title=Fine choice at Buffalo State; Interim leader brings experience, people skills |work=Buffalo News |id={{ProQuest|381122550}}}}</ref> Tụkwasị na nke a, e toro ya dị ka "onye nchịkwa siri ike" onye "maara usoro ahụ" site n'aka onye bụbu onye isi oche nke Buffalo Common Council George K. Arthur; a sịrị na ọ nwere nkwanye ùgwù nke ụmụ akwụkwọ.<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 April 1996 |title=Moore receives widespread support, faces challenges in new post |work=Buffalo News |id={{ProQuest|381136190}}}}</ref> Kọleji ahụ nwere aha dị ka "ebe siri ike ijikwa," ma na-atụ anya na ọ ga-esiri ya ike ịdọta ndị ruru eru maka ọkwa onye isi ala.<ref name="Praise" />   N'okwu mmeghe ya, Howard lekwasịrị anya na ọdịiche dị na kọleji dị ka ike.   N'ime otu ọnwa ọ malitere ịbụ onye ndu na kọleji ahụ, Howard nwere ihe mgbaru ọsọ atọ dị mkpirikpi maka iwusi ya ike n'okwu ọ gwara ngalaba.<ref name="Address">{{Cite news |date=2 February 1996 |title=Interim president urges 'new strength' |work=Buffalo News |id={{ProQuest|381115515}}}}</ref> Ihe mgbaru ọsọ atọ ahụ gụnyere "ịbawanye nchịkọta na ijigide ụmụ akwụkwọ; ịmepụta atụmatụ iji dozie mmefu ego 1996-97; imeso 'ọnọdụ ụlọ ọrụ' nke pụtara. "[and]<ref name="Address" /> N'ụbọchị ncheta afọ 125 nke kọleji ahụ na 1996, Howard lekọtara ọtụtụ ihe omume ndị mere emume ncheta afọ iri na ise. N'ụbọchị ahụ, e nwere nkwupụta nke onye isi obodo Buffalo Anthony Masiello nakwa onye isi obodo Erie County Dennis Gorski. Ememe ndị a gụnyere achịcha dị ka Rockwell Hall, a champagne toast, a big band, a chorale ensemble and other wind ensembles, fireworks, tours of campus arts centers, exhibits, and a play area for children.<ref name="Anniversary" /> === Ihe ịma aka === N'oge ọ nọ n'ọkwa dịka onyeisi oche nwa oge, isi ihe mgbaru ọsọ Howard bụ "ịnagide ebubo nke ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na mmekọahụ" na kọleji ahụ.[1] Howard kwuru na Febụwarị 1996 na kọleji ahụ emeela mmemme 60 gbasara ụdị agbụrụ na omenala dị iche iche, na okike n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ gara aga.[1] Institute for the Healing of Racism malitere ogbako ọnwa abụọ na semester oge opupu ihe ubi nke 1996 na kọleji ahụ; a na-emekwa nzukọ mmechi gbasara mmegbu mmekọahụ na ajọ mbunobi nwoke na nwanyị n'ime Kọmitii Sineti nke Mahadum maka Ọnọdụ Ụmụ Nwanyị.[1] Howard kwuru na nkwenye ya na kọleji ahụ bụ "ezi ihe nlereanya maka obodo."[1] <ref name="Interim" /> N'ime oge dị n'etiti afọ 1996 na 1998, e nwere ọtụtụ ndị isi ngalaba (deans) na ndị nchịkwa ndị nọ n'ezumike site na nkwekọrịta ya na onye bụbu onye isi kọleji ahụ, F.C. Richardson, na SUNY, ma ọ bụ ndị gbara arụkwaghịm iji gaa rụọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ ma ọ bụ n'ihi ịla ezumike nká.[1][2][3][4] N'afọ 1996, n'ihi ndị ahụ nọ n'ezumike ma ọ bụ ndị gbara arụkwaghịm, naanị otu ọkwa agụmakwụkwọ na-adịgide adịgide ka a ka nwere onye nọ na ya n'ime kọleji ahụ.[1] N'oge ahụ, e nwere ndị isi ise dị elu na kọleji ahụ ndị nọ n'ezumike ma ọ bụ ndị gbara arụkwaghịm iji gaa rụọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ.[1][2][3] Howard nọ n'usoro ịtụle ndị chọrọ ọrụ iji mejupụta ọkwa ndị tọgbọrọ chakoo ma ọ bụ ndị a na-ejide nwa oge n'oge ahụ.[1] Otu onye isi ngalaba nke hapụrụ ọrụ ya iji gaa rụọ ọrụ ọzọ kwuru na ọ bụ oge dị mkpa n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke kọleji ahụ, ebe a ga-eme mkpebi ndị isi dị mkpa ga-eduga ụlọ ọrụ ahụ gaa n'ọgbọ na-esote.<ref name="Turnover">{{Cite news |date=5 July 1996 |title=Dean becomes next in line to leave Buffalo State College |work=Buffalo News |id={{ProQuest|381172935}}}}</ref> === Netwọk nkwukọrịta dị elu === N'afọ 1997, site n'ọfịs onye isi obodo Buffalo Anthony Masiello na n'okpuru nduzi nke Buffalo State College's Center for Applied Research in Interactive Technologies, CityNet, a malitere netwọk nkwukọrịta dị elu nke jikọtara ebe agụmakwụkwọ na obodo 14 na Buffalo.<ref name="Network">{{Cite news |date=25 November 1997 |title=Fiber-optic network links 14 educational, community sites |work=Buffalo News |id={{ProQuest|381289023}}}}</ref> Ruo ihe karịrị afọ abụọ, Masiello na ndị otu ya na NYNEX na Bell Atlantic rụkọrọ ọrụ iji tọọ ntọala maka netwọk ahụ, nke Bell Atlantic na-akwado maka $ 1.9 nde.<ref name="Network" />&nbsp;   === Njikọ mmụta dị anya nke mba ụwa === N'afọ 1998, Howard mere mgbalị onwe ya ịgbasa Nurturing Initiative and Achievements (NIA) na Students Mentor Program na kọleji site n'inye mmemme mmụta dị anya na San José, Costa Rica.<ref name="Distance">{{Cite news |author=Deitz |first=Roger |date=17 July 1998 |title=Special feature: The honor roll: SUNY's Buffalo State College |work=The Hispanic Outlook in Higher Education |id={{ProQuest|219284266}}}}</ref><ref name="International">{{Cite news |date=1 April 1998 |title=Buffalo State president opens video link to Costa Rica |work=Buffalo News |id={{ProQuest|381336205}}}}</ref> Howard gara Costa Rica iji mepee netwọk nke jikọtara ụlọ akwụkwọ Lincoln nke San Jose na kọleji, yana ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị Clarence Central, Grover Cleveland, na City Honors.<ref name="Distance" /><ref name="International" /> === Mweghachi nke ihe ịrịba ama akụkọ ihe mere eme === [[Faịlụ:View_of_Assumption_RC_Church_from_Buffalo_State_College,_2000.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Nlegharị anya nke Richardson Olmsted Complex site na Buffalo State College, 2000]] Akụkọ akụkọ Buffalo News nke afọ 1998 kwuru na Howard chere n'echiche na 1995 na Ụlọ Ụgbọala dị n'ala nke Ebe Obibi Onyeisiala nwere ike ịgbanwe ka ọ bụrụ ụlọ ndị ọbịa.[1] E jiri Ụlọ ahụ mee ihe dị ka ebe ndị ohu mgbe e wuru ya mbụ.[1] Òtù Junior League nke Buffalo na Chase Pitkin tinyere aka na nrụgharị nke Ụlọ Ụgbọala, otu Junior League kọwara ya dị ka Ụlọ Ngosi Ihe Ngosi nke 1997 ya.[1] E wuru Ụlọ Ụgbọala na 1912; ugbu a ọ na-eje ozi dị ka ebe ndị ọbịa maka ndị ọbịa nke kọleji ahụ, na-enye ọnụego ebe obibi dị ala karịa ụlọ nkwari akụ ebe ndị ọbịa ga-anọ ma ọ bụghị ya..<ref name="Carriage">{{Cite news |date=22 June 1998 |title=Carriage House welcomes guests of Buffalo State |work=Buffalo News |id={{ProQuest|381350721}}}}</ref> Howard sonyere na mkparịta ụka ya na Buffalo Psychiatric Center, Buffalo Mayor's Office, na ndị ọzọ gbasara mgbasawanye ojiji maka ụlọ ọrụ ahụike uche. Buffalo State College ebiela n'ala Buffalo Psychiatric Center kemgbe afọ 1960; na usoro mgbasawanye emeela n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya nke weghachiri ma mezigharịa akụkụ nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ, gụnyere Richardson Olmsted Complex, <ref name="Psych" /> <ref name="Use" /> maka ojiji dị iche iche. Otu n'ime ihe ndị na-amasị kọleji ahụ bụ iji ala eme ihe maka mmụba, na iwu ụlọ ọrụ Burchfield Penney Art Center ọhụrụ, ọchịchọ nke mechara mezuo.<ref name="Expand" />   === Arụmụka ụlọ ahịa akwụkwọ campus === N'oge ọdịda nke afọ 1998, e mere ka esemokwu gbara nkwekọrịta ụlọ akwụkwọ gburugburu. <ref name="Bookstore">{{Cite news |date=19 August 1998 |title=Bookstore is flash point at Buffalo State |work=Buffalo News |id={{ProQuest|381352374}}}}</ref> Dị ka omenala si dị, Follett College Stores - ụlọ ọrụ na-ere akwụkwọ kọleji kachasị ukwuu na mba ahụ - nwere nkwekọrịta ụlọ ahịa akwụkwọ na kọleji ahụ.<ref name="Bookstore" /> Nchegbu nke ndị nchịkwa kọleji na a na-ere ọtụtụ akwụkwọ ọgụgụ kọleji karịa ọnụahịa ndepụta ahụ mere ka Howard nyefee nkwekọrịta ụlọ ahịa akwụkwọ ọhụrụ na Barnes &amp;amp; Noble na onye na-ahụ maka steeti, Carl McCall.<ref name="Bookstore" /> Barnes & Noble bụ nnukwu ụlọ ahịa akwụkwọ na United States. N'ihi ya, - na n'ihi na kọleji ahụ na Follett nwere nkwekọrịta - ndị isi ụlọ ọrụ nke Faculty Student Association (FSA) nke kọleji vootu iji gbochie $ 25,000 na ego dị iche iche n'oge semester ahụ, ego ndị a na-enye onye isi oche kọleji maka ebumnuche dị iche iche.<ref name="Bookstore" /> Nzọụkwụ a nke FSA bụ nke a na-ahụtụbeghị mbụ; Otú ọ dị, ebumnuche nke itinye aka site na FSA bụ iji nweta mkpebi ezi uche dị na ya banyere okwu ahụ site n'aka onye na-ahụ maka steeti.<ref name="Bookstore" /> Nkwekọrịta ụlọ ahịa akwụkwọ maka afọ 1998 gụnyekwara na a ga-ewu ụlọ ọhụrụ iji wuo ya.<ref name="Bookstore" /> Howard mechara nwee nkwekọrịta na Barnes & Noble n'etiti arịrịọ abụọ n'ime mmadụ atọ bidoro maka nkwekọrịta ụlọ ahịa akwụkwọ ahụ rịọrọ onye na-ahụ maka steeti.<ref name="Books">{{Cite news |date=1 August 1998 |title=Campus bookstore change could raise student prices |work=Buffalo News |id={{ProQuest|381345689}}}}</ref> N'otu edemede nke 1998 nke onye isi oche FSA Michael Paluch nke pụtara na The Buffalo News, Paluch kwuru na, n'ihi mgbanwe ahụ, "ọnụahịa akwụkwọ ọgụgụ ga-adị elu, ụgwọ ọnwa ụmụ akwụkwọ ga-adị ala, kọleji ga-enwetakwa obere dollar maka ụlọ ahịa ọhụrụ site na Barnes & Noble karịa site na Faculty-Student Association" <ref name="Books" /> === Ọrụ ndị ọkachamara === N'afọ 1996, Howard kwuru okwu na oriri na ọṅụṅụ ụmụ nwanyị na kọleji nke na-eme emume Women's History Month, na kpọmkwem, Women's Story Week.<ref>{{Cite news |date=9 March 1996 |title=A potpourri on all aspects of women's history |work=Buffalo News |id={{ProQuest|381122366}}}}</ref> N'afọ 1998, Howard gara nzukọ nke abụọ nke ndị isi kọleji Africa na America, nke e mere na Washington, DC.<ref name="Conference">{{Cite news |author=Goodman |first=P.S. |date=14 June 1998 |title=Black leaders of colleges evaluate their numbers |work=The Washington Post |id={{ProQuest|408375390}}}}</ref> Akụkọ Washington Post nke June 14, 1998 nke Peter S. Goodman kwuru na ọ bụ naanị ndị isi kọleji 26 na United States n'oge ahụ bụ ndị Africa-America, ọnụ ọgụgụ a na-egosipụta ihe karịrị kọleji 1,800 na America nke ndị ọcha ka ukwuu.<ref name="Conference" /> Ebumnuche bụ isi nke nnọkọ ahụ bụ ịmepụta mkparịta ụka banyere agbụrụ na agụmakwụkwọ ka elu na ịbawanye ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị Africa America na-ejide ọkwa ndị isi na agụmakọta America.<ref name="Conference" /> === Ọchịchị kachasị elu === Mgbe Howard kwupụtara na ọ na-ahapụ kọleji ahụ iji were ọrụ mba nke iduzi AASCU, nzukọ na-akwado ma na-akwalite ọdịmma nke kọleji na mahadum ọha na eze 430, Hoyt kwuru na ihe kachasị mma ọ rụzuru na kọleji bụ Burchfield Penney Arts Center. Onye bụbu onye otu New York State Assembly Sam Hoyt kwuru na Howard buliri ogo kọleji ahụ ma na steeti ma na mba ahụ. <ref name="Accomplishments" /> O kwukwara na ọ ga-esiri ya ike dochie ya, nakwa na ọ ga na-efu ya nke ukwuu.<ref name="Accomplishments" /> Nchịkwa ya nke kọleji ahụ nyere nkwụsi ike maka ya, yana mmụba nke ndebanye aha ụmụ akwụkwọ n'oge afọ 13 ya n'ebe ahụ.<ref name="Accomplishments" /> N'ime afọ ikpeazụ ya dị ka onye isi oche nke kọleji ahụ, a kọrọ na ụgwọ ọnwa Howard bụ $ 220,000.<ref name="Accomplishments" /> == Onye isi oche nke American Association of State Colleges and Universities == === Ịdu === N'afọ 2009, a mara ọkwa na Howard ga-ahapụ Buffalo State College ka ọ bụrụ onye isi oche nke AASCU na Washington, DC. Site n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2009 ruo Jenụwarị afọ 2018, ọ rụrụ ọrụ n'ọkwa ahụ. <ref name="Accomplishments" /> Ọ bụ onye Africa America mbụ na nwanyị mbụ ịbụ onye isi oche nke nzukọ ahụ.<ref name="Bio" /> In 2009, Howard was interviewed for an article that appeared in ''The Chronicle of Higher Education'' with regards to her appointment as president of the AASCU.<ref name="Chronicle">{{Cite journal |author=Hebel |first=Sara |date=April 2009 |title=Leadership under the golden rule |journal=The Chronicle of Higher Education |volume=55 |issue=31 |id={{ERIC|EJ838823}} {{ProQuest|214642617}}}}</ref>   === Nkwado maka mgbanwe zuru oke nke mbata na ọpụpụ === Dị ka onye isi oche AASCU, Howard egosila nkwado maka mgbanwe zuru oke nke ndị na-akwaga mba ọzọ. O kwupụtara nkwado maka Pass the Dream Act, maka ịkwalite visa H1-B, na maka ime ka kaadị akwụkwọ ndụ dị mfe.<ref name="Immigration" /> Ọ na-ekwu na omume ndị a niile ga-akwado ụmụ akwụkwọ nọ na America ndị na-enweghị akwụkwọ, ma nyere aka ịnọgide na-enwe asọmpi America, yana idebe "nkà... n'ụlọ" <ref name="Immigration" /> === Okwu === N'afọ 2013, Howard nyere okwu isi na Mahadum steeti nke New York (SUNY) na Brockport's Annual Diversity Conference . <ref name="Brockport">{{Cite news |date=19 September 2013 |title=Muriel Howard keynotes Brockport's annual diversity conference |work=Targeted News Service |id={{ProQuest|1434057185}}}}</ref><ref name="Diversity">{{Cite news |date=20 September 2013 |title=Muriel Howard keynotes Brockport's annual diversity conference |work=US Federal News Service |id={{ProQuest|1434049564}}}}</ref> Isiokwu nke Nzukọ 2013 bụ "Iwulite Obodo site na Diversity: Ịkwado Ịnweta na Ịha nhata;" na okwu Howard bu, "Obodo na Nwa akwụkwọ narị afọ nke iri abụọ na otu".<ref name="Brockport" /><ref name="Diversity" />E lekwasịrị anya n'okwu Howard bụ otu kọleji na mahadum ọha na eze nwere ike isi mezuo ebumnuche ahụ.<ref name="Brockport" /> === Ịla ezumike nká === Howard lara ezumike nká dị ka onye isi oche nke AASCU na Jenụwarị 2018, a họpụtakwara Dr. Mildred García dịka onye isi oche ናይ AASCU. == Mmetụta obodo == === Dị ka onyeisi oche ma ọ bụ onye otu nzukọ === Mmekọrịta obodo Howard gụnyere ịbụ onye otu kọmitii na-ahụ maka Buffalo Niagara Partnership, <ref name="NYTimes" /> <ref name="Niagara">{{Cite news |author=Robinson |first=D. |date=20 June 2001 |title=Job one: The economy improving the business climate dominates the list of priorities as Buffalo Niagara's leaders look forward series: Who's in charge here/last of four parts |work=Buffalo News |id={{ProQuest|381509848}}}}</ref> Niagara University Board of Directors, <ref name="NYTimes" /> Buffalo Public Schools Foundation Board of Directs, na King Urban Life Center Board of Directeurs. Ọ rụkwara ọrụ na kọmitii ndị nduzi ụlọ ọrụ maka Farm Credit nke Western New York, <ref name="NYTimes" /> na Fleet Bank Community Advisory Board. Ọ na-aga n'ihu na-eje ozi na Merchants Insurance Company Board . <ref name="NYTimes" /> Ọ na-arụsi ọrụ ike na Buffalo Niagara Partnership, Howard kwadoro maka imeziwanye akụ na ụba mpaghara ahụ. <ref name="Niagara" /> N'ụzọ doro anya, o kwuru na enwere ike ịrụcha ọrụ obodo dịka iwu ụlọ mgbakọ ọhụrụ, agbanyeghị, akụ na ụba ga-emeziwanye ka ndị mmadụ wee gaa n'ụlọ mgbakọ ahụ.<ref name="Niagara" /> Nchegbu ọzọ nke otu ahụ bụ na mmeghachi omume nke akụ na ụba n'ógbè ahụ ga-eme na mgbakwunye na mmezu nke ọrụ owuwu nke otu.<ref name="Niagara" /> Howard sokwa n'etiti ndị isi kwadoro ọchịchọ nke ndị isi na-eto eto inwe olu siri ike n'ihe omume obodo, mana enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma na nke a n'ihi mmetụta nke Old Guard.<ref name="Niagara" /> Ọ bụ onye otu State University of New York (SUNY) Advisory Council on Teacher Education, <ref name="NYTimes" /> ma jee ozi na SUNY Board of Directors nke Center for Russia. Ọ bụ onye isi oche nke State University of New York Provost's Advisory Task Force on General Education, <ref name="NYTimes" /> na-eguzobe ntuziaka maka nguzobe nke usoro agụmakwụkwọ n'ozuzu ya na usoro SUNY, ọ bụkwa onye otu New York State Blue Ribbon Commission on Youth Leadership.<ref name="NYTimes" /> Howard bụ onye otu Erie Community College Board of Trustees search committee. Ọ rụkwara ọrụ na kọmitii ọchụchọ maka Buffalo Public Schools Superintendent, yana dịka onye isi oche maka City of Buffalo Mayoral Transition Team . <ref name="Impressions" /> Howard bụbu onye isi oche nke AASCU Board of Directors . <ref name="NYTimes" /> Ọ na-eje ozi na National Survey on Student Engagement Advisory Board, Coalition of Urban and Metropolitan Universities Board of Directors, ebe ọ na-eduzi Kọmitii Communications and Public Relations na American Council on Education (ACE). <ref name="NYTimes" /> Howard bụkwa onye otu Delta Sigma Theta sorority na The Links, Incorporated . Ụmụ nwanyị ahụ gụnyere ụmụ nwanyị gụrụ akwụkwọ na kọleji bụ ndị a kwadebere maka mmemme maka obodo ndị Africa America. The Links bụ òtù na-enweghị uru nke ụmụ nwanyị ndị Africa America ọkachamara na-etinye aka na ebumnuche nke ọrụ obodo na ọbụbụenyi. === Dị ka ọkà okwu na ihe omume mpaghara === Howard abụwo onye isi okwu n'ọtụtụ ihe omume, gụnyere nzukọ nke 34 nke ụlọ ọrụ ụlọ ikpe, Housing Opportunities Made Equal, na 1997.<ref>{{Cite news |date=5 April 1997 |title=Moore to address housing group |work=Buffalo News |id={{ProQuest|381254324}}}}</ref> N’Ụlọ Ọgbakọ Buffalo Convention Center n’afọ otu puku, narị itoolu na iri itoolu na asatọ (1998), Howard kwuru okwu na nri ụtụtụ nke asatọ (8th) a na-eme kwa afọ iji sọpụrụ Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., nke New Hope Missionary Baptist Church kwadoro.[1] N'afọ 1998, Howard bụ ọkà okwu maka nzukọ nke Women's Club nke Mahadum dị na Buffalo . <ref>{{Cite news |date=12 March 1998 |title=UB women to hear talk by Muriel Moore |work=Buffalo News |id={{ProQuest|381325476}}}}</ref> N'afọ 1999, ọ bụ onye isi oche nke mkpọsa United Way maka Buffalo na Erie County.<ref name="Impressions" /> Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na bọọdụ ndị nduzi nke nzukọ ahụ, gụnyere dịka onyeisi oche. Ọ bụkwa onye isi oche nke obere kọmitii na-ahụ maka ọrụ ndị ntorobịa na agụmakwụkwọ maka ndị otu mgbanwe nke Erie County Executive. == Onyinye na mmata == Howard natara Gọvanọ nke New York State Division of Women Award maka Ịdị Mma na Mmụta; Citation Award site na National Conference for Community and Justice; American Jewish Committee Institute of Human Relations Award; na Mahadum na Buffalo Graduate School of Education Distinguished Alumni Award. Ọ nwetakwara onyinye Staten Island College Distinguished Alumna Award; Black Educators Association of Western New York Educator of the Year Award; <ref name="NYTimes" /> na Minority Bar Association of Western Nueva York Award for Community Service.<ref name="NYTimes" /> Ọzọkwa, Howard natara SUNY na Buffalo, Newman Center, Catholic Campus Ministry, Distinguished Alumnus Award. Ọ bụ onye natara onyinye SUNY Chancellor's Award for Excellence in Professional Service, <ref name="NYTimes" /> ma bụrụkwa onye a nabatara na Western New York Women's Hall of Fame. na 1997 na UB, ọ natara Bernice Poss Award site na Western New York Regional Committee nke American Council on Education / National Identification Program for the Advancement of Women in Higher Education . E depụtara Howard na Buffalo News 2001 Leadership Survey dị ka "Nwanyị Kasị Ike na Western New York".<ref name="NYTimes" /><ref name="Impressions" />N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2006, ọ natara ihe nrite Outstanding Alumni Community Leadership Medal site na Mahadum dị na Buffalo Alumni Association . <ref name="NYTimes" /> Ọ bụkwa onye natara 2006 Athena Award. Ihe nrite a, nke Western New York Women's Fund na Buffalo Niagara Partnership kwadoro, na-asọpụrụ ụmụ nwanyị ọkachamara ndị ruru ma gosipụta ọkwa kachasị elu nke ndị ọkachamara, na-egosi nkwado maka ebumnuche nke ụmụ nwanyị ọkachamara, ma na-enye enyemaka dị mkpa na nke na-enweghị ọdịmma onwe ya maka ha. Buffalo State College guzobere Muriel A. Howard All College Honors Program na 2013 iji sọpụrụ ya. == Ndụ onwe onye == Howard ebiela nso Washington, DC, na Inwood, West Virginia na Chevy Chase, Maryland, ya na di ya, Albert "Mickey" Howard.<ref name="Wedding">{{Cite news |date=4 July 1999 |title=Buffalo State president weds |work=Buffalo News |id={{ProQuest|381414954}}}}</ref> == Edensibịa == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />  == Njikọ mpụga == [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] f2lffh5z74a7fe4nbnc7qqe0j9tltfq 0 81186 736857 736853 2026-10-08T12:04:27Z Adimora chidinma 15845 736857 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}   '''Nawal El Saadawi''' ({{langx|ar|نوال السعداوي}}, {{ALA-LC|arz|Nawāl as-Saʿdāwī}};27 Ọktoba 1931 – 21 Maachị 2021) bụ onye edemede feminist nke Ijipt, activist, disciatist, na psychiatrist. O dere ọtụtụ akwụkwọ gbasara ụmụ nwanyị na Islam, na-elekwasị anya n'okwu ndị metụtara ụmụ nwanyị na Global South, gụnyere sexuality, patriarchy social class, na colonialism.<ref name=":3" /> Ọ bụ onye hiwere ma bụrụkwa onyeisi oche nke otu Arab Women's Solidarity Association.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2 March 2015|title=Nawal El Saadawi|url=https://orgs.law.harvard.edu/womeninspiringchange/2015-honorees/nawal-el-saadawi/|access-date=9 October 2020|website=Women Inspiring Change|language=en-US|archive-date=18 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201218120145/https://orgs.law.harvard.edu/womeninspiringchange/2015-honorees/nawal-el-saadawi/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>Hitchcock, Peter; El Saadawi, Nawal; Hatata, Sherif. "Living the Struggle". ''Transition'' 61 (1993): 170–179.</ref> Ọ bụkwa onye hiwere Arab Association for Human Rights.<ref>Nawal El Saadawi, "Presentation by Nawal El Saadawi: President's Forum, M/MLA Annual Convention, November 4, 1999", ''The Journal of the Midwest Modern Language Association'' 33.3–34.1 (Autumn 2000 – Winter 2001): 34–39.</ref> O nwetara akara ugo mmụta nsọpụrụ site na mahadum dị na kọntinent atọ. Na 2004, Kọnsụl nke Yuropu nyere ya North–South Prize. Na 2005, o nwetara ihe nrite mba ụwa Inana na Belgium.<ref name="auto1">[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jue04c1_wkY "PEN World Voices Arthur Miller Freedom to Write Lecture by Nawal El Saadawi"], YouTube. 8 September 2009.</ref> Na 2012, International Peace Bureau nyere ya onyinye Seán MacBride Peace Prize.<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web|title=International Peace Bureau|url=http://www.ipb.org/web/index.php?mostra=news&menu=home&id_nom=IPB+to+award+2012+Sean+MacBride+Peace+Prize+to+Nawal+El-Sadaawi+and+Lina+Ben+Mhenni|website=www.ipb.org|access-date=25 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925221701/http://www.ipb.org/web/index.php?mostra=news&menu=home&id_nom=IPB+to+award+2012+Sean+MacBride+Peace+Prize+to+Nawal+El-Sadaawi+and+Lina+Ben+Mhenni|archive-date=25 September 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ndụ mbido == A mụrụ Saadawi, onye nke abụọ n'ime ụmụ itoolu, na 27 Ọktoba 1931 n'obodo nta dị na [[Kafr Tahla]], [[Egypt]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/mar/22/nawal-el-saadawi-obituary|title=Nawal El Saadawi obituary|date=22 March 2021|first=Sarah A|last= Smith|website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Elkhatib |first1=Sameh |title=Egyptian feminist and author el-Saadawi dies at 89 |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/egyptian-feminist-author-el-saadawi-dies-89-2021-03-22/ |website=Reuters |access-date=24 March 2026}}</ref> E mere Saadawi ebe ụmụ nwanyị bi n'ime akụkụ ahụ ha <ref name=Khaleeli /> at the age of six,<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last1=Sa'dawi|first1=Nawal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I9vqMossOjoC|title=A Daughter of Isis: The Autobiography of Nawal El Saadawi|last2=Saadawi|first2=Nawal El|last3=Saʻdāwī|first3=Nawāl|last4=Saʿdāwī|first4=Nawāl as-|date=1999|publisher=[[Zed Books]]|isbn=978-1-85649-680-3|pages=63–87|language=en}}</ref> ọ bụ ezie na nna ya kwenyere na ụmụ agbọghọ na ụmụ nwoke kwesịrị ịgụ akwụkwọ. O kwuru na nne na nna ya bụ ndị nwere nnwere onwe mgbe ha na-etolite.<ref name=":1"/> Nna ya Upper Egypt bụ onye ọrụ gọọmentị na [[w:Ministry of Education (Egypt)|Ministry of Education]], onye lụsoro ọgụ megide British rebel Egypt n'oge Egypt Revolution of 1919. N'ihi ya, a chụpụrụ ya n'obodo nta dị na Naịl, gọọmentị ekweghịkwa ịkwalite ya ruo afọ 10. Ọ bụ onye na-aga n'ihu ma kụziere nwa ya nwanyị ịkwanyere onwe ya ùgwù na ikwu okwu n'uche ya. Ọ gbakwara ya ume ka ọ mụọ asụsụ Arabik. Agbanyeghị, mgbe El Saadawi dị afọ 10, ezinụlọ ya gbalịrị ime ka ọ lụọ di, mana nne ya kwadoro ya n'ịjụ.<ref name=taylor>{{Cite news |title=Nawal El Saadawi: Feminist firebrand who dared to write dangerously (obituary) |last=Taylor-Coleman |first=Jasmine |website=BBC News |date=21 March 2021 |url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-55048245}}</ref> Both her parents died at a young age,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Nawal El Saadawi|url=http://faculty.webster.edu/woolflm/saadawi.html|access-date=25 September 2015|website=faculty.webster.edu|archive-date=2 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170602080913/http://faculty.webster.edu/woolflm/saadawi.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>{{Unreliable source?|date=September 2021|sure=y|reason=This is an unpublished undergraduate student assignment paper}} na-ahapụ Saadawi naanị ibu ọrụ nke ilekọta ezinụlọ buru ibu.<ref name="bornexile">{{Cite web |url=http://www.nawalsaadawi.net/oldsite/articlesnawal/bornexile.htm |title=Exile and Resistance |first=Nawal |last=El Saadaw|website=Nawal El Saadawi/Sherif Hetata |date=November 2002|access-date=23 June 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091027223127/http://www.nawalsaadawi.net/oldsite/articlesnawal/bornexile.htm |archive-date=27 October 2009 |url-status=usurped }}</ref> Nne ya, Zaynab, sitere n'agbụrụ bara ọgaranya [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]];<ref>{{cite news|last=Cowell|first=Alan |author-link=Alan Cowell |year=2021|title=Nawal El Saadawi, Advocate for Women in the Arab World, Dies at 89 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/21/obituaries/nawal-el-saadawi-dead.html|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|quote=Nawal El Saadawi was born on Oct. 27, 1931, in the village of Kafr Tahla, a settlement in the lower Nile Delta, the second of nine children. Her mother, Zaynab (Shoukry) El Saadawi, was partially descended from a wealthy Ottoman family. Her father, Al-Sayed El Saadawi, was an official in the government’s education ministry. }}</ref> Saadawi kọwara nna nna ya nke nne ya, Shoukry,<ref>{{cite book|first=Nawal|last= El Saadawi|year=2013|title=A Daughter of Isis: The Early Life of Nawal El Saadawi|publisher=Zed Books|isbn=978-1848136403}}</ref> na nne nne ya dị ka onye Ottoman si malite.<ref name="CaliforniaUni">{{citation|first=Nawal|last= El Saadawi|year=1986|title=Memoirs from the Women's Prison|publisher=University of California Press|page=64|quote= "My eyes widened in astonishment. Even my maternal grandmother used to sing, although she was born to a Turkish mother and lived in my grandfather's house in the epoch when harems still existed." |isbn=0520088883}}</ref> Ọbụna mgbe ọ bụ nwata, ọ katọrọ obodo ndị nwoke bi na ya, ebe ụmụ nwoke ji ha kpọrọ ihe karịa ụmụ nwanyị, na-emeghachi omume n'iwe nye nne nne ya, onye kwuru na "nwoke bara uru ụmụ nwanyị iri na ise ma ọ dịkarịa ala... Ụmụ agbọghọ bụ nsogbu".<ref name=taylor/> O ji nganga kọwaa onwe ya dị ka nwanyị Ijipt [[agba ọchịchịrị]] kemgbe ọ dị obere.<ref>{{Citation|url=https://zora.medium.com/my-childhood-in-egypt-not-knowing-i-was-in-africa-27580b07a93b|title=My Childhood in Egypt, Not Knowing I Was in Africa|first=Nawal|last=El Saadawi|website=zora.medium.com|date=13 June 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=New Daughters of Africa|chapter=About Me in Africa—Politics and Religion in my Childhood|editor-first=Margaret|first=El Saadawi|last=Nawal|editor-last=Busby|publisher=[[Myriad Editions]]|edition=paperback|pages=42–44|date=2020}}</ref> '''Egwuregwu''' * ''Ụmụ nwanyị na Mmekọahụ'' (Cairo, 1969) * ''Nwaanyị bụ Mmalite'' (Cairo, 1971) * ''Ụmụ nwoke na Mmekọahụ'' (Cairo, 1973) * Ihu gba ọtọ nke ụmụ nwanyị Arab (Cairo, 1974) * Ụmụ nwanyị na Ọrịa Ọrịa Ọkụ (Cairo, 1975) * ''Al-Wajh al-'ari lil-mar'a al-'arabiyy'' (1977). Ihu zoro ezo nke Iv: Ụmụ nwanyị n'ụwa ndị Arab, trans. Sherif Hetata (Zed Press, 1980) * On Women (Cairo, 1986) * ''Agha Ọhụrụ Na Nnwere Onwe Ụmụ nwanyị Arab'' (Cairo, 1992) * ''Nchịkọta nke edemede'' (Cairo, 1998) * ''Nchịkọta nke edemede'' (Cairo, 2001) * Ịkwụsị Ihe mgbochi (Cairo, 2004) '''Nchịkọta n'asụsụ Bekee''' == Hụkwa ==   *   *   *   * Thesis/dissertation.  <templatestyles src="Module:Side box/styles.css"></templatestyles> * Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Nawal El Saadawi na archive.org * Adele Newson-Horst, "[https://www.worldliteraturetoday.org/blog/literary-tributes/remembering-nawal-el-saadawi-adele-newson-horst "Ịcheta Nawal El Saadawi"]", World Literature Today, 24 March 2021. * [[Ernest Emenyonu]], "NAWAL EL SAADAWI: Ndụ na edemede (Ọktoba 27, 1931 - Machị 21, 2021) ", Boydell na Brewer, 13 Mee 2021. [[Otú:Articles with hCards]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] fsgjup1uwwnzi0qud1080jql783ub2n 736859 736857 2026-10-08T12:51:00Z Adimora chidinma 15845 736859 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}   '''Nawal El Saadawi''' ({{langx|ar|نوال السعداوي}}, {{ALA-LC|arz|Nawāl as-Saʿdāwī}};27 Ọktoba 1931 – 21 Maachị 2021) bụ onye edemede feminist nke Ijipt, activist, disciatist, na psychiatrist. O dere ọtụtụ akwụkwọ gbasara ụmụ nwanyị na Islam, na-elekwasị anya n'okwu ndị metụtara ụmụ nwanyị na Global South, gụnyere sexuality, patriarchy social class, na colonialism.<ref name=":3" /> Ọ bụ onye hiwere ma bụrụkwa onyeisi oche nke otu Arab Women's Solidarity Association.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2 March 2015|title=Nawal El Saadawi|url=https://orgs.law.harvard.edu/womeninspiringchange/2015-honorees/nawal-el-saadawi/|access-date=9 October 2020|website=Women Inspiring Change|language=en-US|archive-date=18 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201218120145/https://orgs.law.harvard.edu/womeninspiringchange/2015-honorees/nawal-el-saadawi/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>Hitchcock, Peter; El Saadawi, Nawal; Hatata, Sherif. "Living the Struggle". ''Transition'' 61 (1993): 170–179.</ref> Ọ bụkwa onye hiwere Arab Association for Human Rights.<ref>Nawal El Saadawi, "Presentation by Nawal El Saadawi: President's Forum, M/MLA Annual Convention, November 4, 1999", ''The Journal of the Midwest Modern Language Association'' 33.3–34.1 (Autumn 2000 – Winter 2001): 34–39.</ref> O nwetara akara ugo mmụta nsọpụrụ site na mahadum dị na kọntinent atọ. Na 2004, Kọnsụl nke Yuropu nyere ya North–South Prize. Na 2005, o nwetara ihe nrite mba ụwa Inana na Belgium.<ref name="auto1">[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jue04c1_wkY "PEN World Voices Arthur Miller Freedom to Write Lecture by Nawal El Saadawi"], YouTube. 8 September 2009.</ref> Na 2012, International Peace Bureau nyere ya onyinye Seán MacBride Peace Prize.<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web|title=International Peace Bureau|url=http://www.ipb.org/web/index.php?mostra=news&menu=home&id_nom=IPB+to+award+2012+Sean+MacBride+Peace+Prize+to+Nawal+El-Sadaawi+and+Lina+Ben+Mhenni|website=www.ipb.org|access-date=25 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925221701/http://www.ipb.org/web/index.php?mostra=news&menu=home&id_nom=IPB+to+award+2012+Sean+MacBride+Peace+Prize+to+Nawal+El-Sadaawi+and+Lina+Ben+Mhenni|archive-date=25 September 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ndụ mbido == A mụrụ Saadawi, onye nke abụọ n'ime ụmụ itoolu, na 27 Ọktoba 1931 n'obodo nta dị na [[Kafr Tahla]], [[Egypt]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/mar/22/nawal-el-saadawi-obituary|title=Nawal El Saadawi obituary|date=22 March 2021|first=Sarah A|last= Smith|website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Elkhatib |first1=Sameh |title=Egyptian feminist and author el-Saadawi dies at 89 |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/egyptian-feminist-author-el-saadawi-dies-89-2021-03-22/ |website=Reuters |access-date=24 March 2026}}</ref> E mere Saadawi ebe ụmụ nwanyị bi n'ime akụkụ ahụ ha <ref name=Khaleeli /> at the age of six,<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last1=Sa'dawi|first1=Nawal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I9vqMossOjoC|title=A Daughter of Isis: The Autobiography of Nawal El Saadawi|last2=Saadawi|first2=Nawal El|last3=Saʻdāwī|first3=Nawāl|last4=Saʿdāwī|first4=Nawāl as-|date=1999|publisher=[[Zed Books]]|isbn=978-1-85649-680-3|pages=63–87|language=en}}</ref> ọ bụ ezie na nna ya kwenyere na ụmụ agbọghọ na ụmụ nwoke kwesịrị ịgụ akwụkwọ. O kwuru na nne na nna ya bụ ndị nwere nnwere onwe mgbe ha na-etolite.<ref name=":1"/> Nna ya Upper Egypt bụ onye ọrụ gọọmentị na [[w:Ministry of Education (Egypt)|Ministry of Education]], onye lụsoro ọgụ megide British rebel Egypt n'oge Egypt Revolution of 1919. N'ihi ya, a chụpụrụ ya n'obodo nta dị na Naịl, gọọmentị ekweghịkwa ịkwalite ya ruo afọ 10. Ọ bụ onye na-aga n'ihu ma kụziere nwa ya nwanyị ịkwanyere onwe ya ùgwù na ikwu okwu n'uche ya. Ọ gbakwara ya ume ka ọ mụọ asụsụ Arabik. Agbanyeghị, mgbe El Saadawi dị afọ 10, ezinụlọ ya gbalịrị ime ka ọ lụọ di, mana nne ya kwadoro ya n'ịjụ.<ref name=taylor>{{Cite news |title=Nawal El Saadawi: Feminist firebrand who dared to write dangerously (obituary) |last=Taylor-Coleman |first=Jasmine |website=BBC News |date=21 March 2021 |url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-55048245}}</ref> Both her parents died at a young age,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Nawal El Saadawi|url=http://faculty.webster.edu/woolflm/saadawi.html|access-date=25 September 2015|website=faculty.webster.edu|archive-date=2 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170602080913/http://faculty.webster.edu/woolflm/saadawi.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>{{Unreliable source?|date=September 2021|sure=y|reason=This is an unpublished undergraduate student assignment paper}} na-ahapụ Saadawi naanị ibu ọrụ nke ilekọta ezinụlọ buru ibu.<ref name="bornexile">{{Cite web |url=http://www.nawalsaadawi.net/oldsite/articlesnawal/bornexile.htm |title=Exile and Resistance |first=Nawal |last=El Saadaw|website=Nawal El Saadawi/Sherif Hetata |date=November 2002|access-date=23 June 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091027223127/http://www.nawalsaadawi.net/oldsite/articlesnawal/bornexile.htm |archive-date=27 October 2009 |url-status=usurped }}</ref> Nne ya, Zaynab, sitere n'agbụrụ bara ọgaranya [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]];<ref>{{cite news|last=Cowell|first=Alan |author-link=Alan Cowell |year=2021|title=Nawal El Saadawi, Advocate for Women in the Arab World, Dies at 89 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/21/obituaries/nawal-el-saadawi-dead.html|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|quote=Nawal El Saadawi was born on Oct. 27, 1931, in the village of Kafr Tahla, a settlement in the lower Nile Delta, the second of nine children. Her mother, Zaynab (Shoukry) El Saadawi, was partially descended from a wealthy Ottoman family. Her father, Al-Sayed El Saadawi, was an official in the government’s education ministry. }}</ref> Saadawi kọwara nna nna ya nke nne ya, Shoukry,<ref>{{cite book|first=Nawal|last= El Saadawi|year=2013|title=A Daughter of Isis: The Early Life of Nawal El Saadawi|publisher=Zed Books|isbn=978-1848136403}}</ref> na nne nne ya dị ka onye Ottoman si malite.<ref name="CaliforniaUni">{{citation|first=Nawal|last= El Saadawi|year=1986|title=Memoirs from the Women's Prison|publisher=University of California Press|page=64|quote= "My eyes widened in astonishment. Even my maternal grandmother used to sing, although she was born to a Turkish mother and lived in my grandfather's house in the epoch when harems still existed." |isbn=0520088883}}</ref> Ọbụna mgbe ọ bụ nwata, ọ katọrọ obodo ndị nwoke bi na ya, ebe ụmụ nwoke ji ha kpọrọ ihe karịa ụmụ nwanyị, na-emeghachi omume n'iwe nye nne nne ya, onye kwuru na "nwoke bara uru ụmụ nwanyị iri na ise ma ọ dịkarịa ala... Ụmụ agbọghọ bụ nsogbu".<ref name=taylor/> O ji nganga kọwaa onwe ya dị ka nwanyị Ijipt [[agba ọchịchịrị]] kemgbe ọ dị obere.<ref>{{Citation|url=https://zora.medium.com/my-childhood-in-egypt-not-knowing-i-was-in-africa-27580b07a93b|title=My Childhood in Egypt, Not Knowing I Was in Africa|first=Nawal|last=El Saadawi|website=zora.medium.com|date=13 June 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=New Daughters of Africa|chapter=About Me in Africa—Politics and Religion in my Childhood|editor-first=Margaret|first=El Saadawi|last=Nawal|editor-last=Busby|publisher=[[Myriad Editions]]|edition=paperback|pages=42–44|date=2020}}</ref> == Career == Saadawi graduated as a medical doctor in 1955 from [[Cairo University]]. That year, she married Ahmed Helmi, whom she met as a fellow student in medical school. They have a daughter, Mona Helmi.<ref name=Khaleeli/> The marriage ended after two years.<ref name=JoISR>{{cite journal|first=Yusuf|last=Koseli|title=A PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH TO THE NOVEL OF NAWAL EL SAADAWI TITLED MÜZEKKİRAT TABİBE|journal=The Journal of International Social Research|date=2013|volume=6|issue=28|url=http://www.sosyalarastirmalar.com/cilt6/cilt6sayi28_pdf/koseli_yusuf.pdf|access-date=15 April 2020}}</ref><ref name=Khaleeli>{{Cite web|title = Nawal El Saadawi: Egypt's radical feminist|url = https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2010/apr/15/nawal-el-saadawi-egyptian-feminist|website =The Guardian|date= 15 April 2010|access-date =15 April 2020|first = Homa|last = Khaleeli}}</ref> Through her medical practice, she observed women's physical and psychological problems and connected them with oppressive cultural practices, patriarchal oppression, class oppression and imperialist oppression.<ref name="women">[http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/1999/462/women.htm Feminism in a nationalist century] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100419040800/http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/1999/462/women.htm |date=19 April 2010 }}</ref> Her second husband was a colleague, Rashad Bey.<ref name=JoISR/><ref>{{cite thesis|url=https://www.academia.edu/23224495|title=Voice of Oppressed from the Margins: A Critical Reading on Nawal El Saadawi's "Woman at Point Zero"|last=Puthiyakath|first=Hashim H.|publisher=[[Central University of Tamil Nadu]]|access-date=15 April 2020}}</ref> While working as a doctor in her birthplace of Kafr Tahla, she observed the hardships and inequalities faced by rural women. After attempting to protect one of her patients from [[domestic violence]], Saadawi was summoned back to Cairo. She eventually became the Director of the Ministry of [[public health|Public Health]] and met her third husband, [[Sherif Hatata]], while sharing an office in the Ministry of Health. Hatata, also a medical doctor and writer, had been a [[political prisoner]] for 13 years. They married in 1964 and have a son.<ref name="bornexile"/><ref name=Khaleeli/> Saadawi and Hatata lived together for 43 years<ref name=Cooke>{{cite web|last1=Cooke|first1=Rachel|title=Nawal El Saadawi: 'Do you feel you are liberated? I feel I am not'|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/oct/11/nawal-el-saadawi-interview-do-you-feel-you-are-liberated-not|work=[[The Observer]]|date=11 October 2015|access-date=15 April 2020}}</ref> and divorced in 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/18/62/99644/Books/Review/ElSaadawi-and-Hatata-Voyage-of-a-lifetime.aspx|title=El-Saadawi and Hatata: Voyage of a lifetime|date=24 April 2014|publisher=Ahram Online|first=Mahmoud |last=El-Wardani|access-date=15 April 2020}}</ref> [[File:Shirin Ershadi, Shirin Ebadi and Nawal el-Saadawi (2413951897).jpg|thumb|[[Shirin Ershadi]], [[Shirin Ebadi]] and Nawal el-Saadawi]] Saadawi attended [[Columbia University]], earning a master's degree in public health in 1966.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Smith|first=Harrison|date=23 March 2021|title=Nawal El Saadawi, Egyptian author, physician and feminist activist, dies at 89|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/nawal-el-saadawi-dead/2021/03/23/43c7c250-8b19-11eb-a730-1b4ed9656258_story.html|access-date=16 June 2021}}</ref> In 1972, she published ''Woman and Sex'' ({{lang|ar|المرأة والجنس}}), confronting and contextualising various aggressions perpetrated against women's bodies, including female circumcision. The book became a foundational text of [[second-wave feminism]]. As a consequence of the book and her political activities, Saadawi was dismissed from her position at the Ministry of Health.<ref name="women" /> She also lost her positions as chief editor of a health journal, and as Assistant General Secretary in the Medical Association in Egypt. From 1973 to 1976, Saadawi worked on researching women and [[neurosis]] in [[Ain Shams University]]'s Faculty of Medicine. From 1979 to 1980, she was the [[United Nations]] Advisor for the Women's Programme in Africa (ECA) and the Middle East (ECWA).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://scholarblogs.emory.edu/postcolonialstudies/2014/06/11/saadawi-nawal-el-2/|title=Saadawi, Nawal el – Postcolonial Studies|website=scholarblogs.emory.edu|language=en-US|access-date=31 July 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r9SPVEG3cv0C&q=Nawal+Saadawi+united+nations+advisor+1979&pg=PR1|title=The Nawal El Saadawi Reader|last=Saʻdāwī|first=Nawāl|date=15 December 1997|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=9781856495141|language=en}}</ref> === Court cases against her === In 2002 a legal attempt was made by Nabih el-Wahsh in an Egyptian Court to legally divorce el-Saadawi from her husband on account of [[hisbah|hesba]], a 9th-century principle of [[shariah law]], that allows for the conviction of Muslims who are seen to be harming Islam. The evidence used against her was a March interview in which el-Wahsh claims was proof she had abandoned Islam. The legal attempt was unsuccessful.<ref name=Khaleeli /><ref>{{Cite web |date=18 June 2001 |title=Cairo writer threatened with divorce |url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2001/jun/18/internationaleducationnews.highereducation |access-date=22 December 2022 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref> In 2008, a similar attempt was made to strip el-Saadawi of her Egyptian nationality due to her radical opinions and writing, this attempt was also unsuccessful.<ref name=Khaleeli /> === Imprisonment === Long viewed as controversial and dangerous by the Egyptian government, Saadawi helped publish a feminist magazine in 1981 called ''Confrontation.'' She was imprisoned in September by [[President of Egypt]] [[Anwar Sadat]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Uglow|first1=Jennifer S.|author2=Maggy Hendry|title=The Northeastern Dictionary of Women's Biography|url=https://archive.org/details/northeasterndict0000uglo|url-access=registration|year=1999|publisher=Northeastern University Press|isbn= 9781555534219|pages=[https://archive.org/details/northeasterndict0000uglo/page/189 189]–190}}</ref> Saadawi stated once in an interview: "I was arrested because I believed Sadat. He said there is democracy and we have a multi-party system and you can criticize. So I started criticizing his policy and I landed in jail." Sadat claimed that the established government was a democracy for the people and that democracy as always was open for constructive criticism. According to Saadawi, Sadat imprisoned her because of her criticism of his purported democracy. Even in prison she still found a way to fight against the oppression of women. While in prison she formed the Arab Women's Solidarity Association. This was the first legal and independent feminist group in Egypt. In prison, she was denied pen and paper, however, that did not stop her from continuing to write. She used a "stubby black eyebrow pencil" and "a small roll of old and tattered toilet paper" to record her thoughts.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Interview with Nawal el aasawi|url=http://www.nyu.edu/classes/keefer/twenty/nawal.html|last=Network|first=Vile News|date=2015|access-date=26 April 2020}}</ref> She was released later that year, one month after the President's assassination. Of her experience she wrote: "Danger has been a part of my life ever since I picked up a pen and wrote. Nothing is more perilous than truth in a world that lies."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/2001/06/03/stories/13030786.htm |title=Egypt's face of courage |work=The Hindu|first=Kalpana|last=Sharma|date=3 June 2001|access-date=25 September 2013 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041030002518/http://www.hinduonnet.com/2001/06/03/stories/13030786.htm |archive-date=30 October 2004 }}</ref> In 1982, she founded the Arab Women's Solidarity Association.<ref>Hussey, Sierra, [https://www.sahistory.org.za/archive/biography-nawal-el-saadawi-sierra-hussey "Biography of Nawal El Saadawi"], South African History Online.</ref> She described her organization as "historical, socialist, and feminist".<ref>{{cite magazine |url= https://www.aljadid.com/node/2254|title= Nawal El-Saadawi's 'Daughter of Isis' Life and Times via the Plenitude of Her Writings |first=D.H. |last=Melhem|website=Al Jadid Magazine|volume= 5|number= 29|date=Autumn 1999|access-date=22 March 2021}}</ref> Saadawi was one of the women held at Qanatir Women's Prison. Her incarceration formed the basis for her 1983 ''[[Memoirs from the Women's Prison]]'' ({{langx|ar|مذكرات في سجن النساء }}). Her contact with a prisoner at Qanatir, nine years before she was imprisoned there, served as inspiration for an earlier work, a novel titled ''[[Woman at Point Zero]]'' ({{langx|ar|امرأة عند نقطة الصفر}}, 1975).<ref name="Krajeski, The New Yorker">{{Cite magazine|url=http://www.newyorker.com/books/page-turner/the-books-of-nawal-el-saadawi|title=The Books of Nawal El Saadawi|magazine=[[The New Yorker]]|first=Jenna|last=Krajeski|date=7 March 2011|access-date=31 July 2017}}</ref> === Further persecution, teaching in the US, and later activism === In 1993, when her life was threatened by [[Islamists]] and political persecution, Saadawi was forced to flee Egypt. She accepted an offer to teach at [[Duke University]]'s Asian and African Languages Department in [[North Carolina]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Former Visiting Professor in Court, Under Fire in Egypt|url=https://today.duke.edu/2001/06/el-saadawi629.html|date=29 June 2001|website=Duke Today|publisher=Duke University|access-date=1 April 2021|language=en}}</ref><ref name=BMJ>Dr Dora Carpenter-Latiri, [http://blogs.bmj.com/medical-humanities/2015/11/11/the-reading-room-a-review-of-memoirs-of-a-woman-doctor/ "The Reading Room: A review of ‘Memoirs of a woman doctor{{'"}}], ''BMJ'' Blog, 11 November 2015.</ref> as well as at the [[University of Washington]]. She later held positions at a number of prestigious colleges and universities including Cairo University, [[Harvard]], [[Yale]], [[Columbia University|Columbia]], [[University of Paris|the Sorbonne]], [[Georgetown University|Georgetown]], [[Florida State University]], and the [[University of California, Berkeley]]. In 1996, she moved back to Egypt.<ref name="BMJ"/><ref>{{cite web|last=Ling|first= Jessica |url=http://www.warscapes.com/blog/today-history-happy-85th-birthday-nawal-el-saadawi |title=Today in History: Happy 85th Birthday, Nawal El Saadawi!|website=Warscapes|date=27 October 2016}}</ref> Saadawi gara n'ihu na-akwado ya ma chee echiche ịzọ ọkwa na 2005 ntuli aka onyeisiala Ijipt, tupu ọ pụọ n'ihi ihe siri ike achọrọ maka ndị ga-azọ ọkwa nke mbụ.<ref>[https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2005/7/16/egypt-presidential-aspirant-pulls-out "Egypt presidential aspirant pulls out"], AlJazeera, 16 July 2005. Retrieved 21 July 2021.</ref> O so n'ime ndị ngagharị iwe na [[Tahrir Square]] na 2011.<ref>{{cite web|first=Elizabeth |last=Rubin|url=http://www.newsweek.com/2011/03/06/the-feminists-in-the-middle-of-tahrir-square.html |title=The Feminists in the Middle of Tahrir Square|work=[[Newsweek]]|date= 6 March 2011}}</ref> O kwuru ka a kwụsị nkuzi okpukperechi n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị Ijipt.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nawal El Saadawi – Illustrated Women in History |url=https://illustratedwomeninhistory.com/nawal-el-saadawi-is-an-egyptian-feminist-writer/ |date=28 October 2015|access-date=15 May 2022 |language=en-US}}</ref> Saadawi was awarded the 2004 [[North–South Prize]] by the [[Council of Europe]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/nscentre/winners_nsp_EN.asp|title=North-South Centre homepage|website=North-South Centre|language=en-GB|access-date=18 March 2018}}</ref> Na Julaị 2016, ọ bụ onyeisi emume akwụkwọ [[Royal African Society]] nke akpọrọ "Africa Writes" na London, ebe o kwuru okwu gbasara "On Being a Woman Writer" na mkparịta ụka ya na [[Margaret Busby]].<ref>{{cite web|first=Kelechi |last=Iwumene|url=http://africawrites.org/blog/africa-writes-2016-the-round-up/ |title=Africa Writes 2016: The Round-Up|publisher=Royal African Society|date= July 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://africawrites.org/uncategorized/on-being-a-woman-writer-nawal-el-saadawi-in-conversation-2/ |title=On Being A Woman Writer: Nawal El Saadawi in conversation|website= Africa Writes|publisher=Royal African Society|date= 2 July 2016}}</ref> [[File:Nawal El Saadawi, April 2012 (cropped).jpg|thumb|April 2012]] Na Göteborg Book Fair nke mere na Septemba 27 ruo 30, 2018, Saadawi gara seminar gbasara mmepe na Ijipt na Middle East mgbe Arab Spring gasịrị.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gp.se/kultur/kultur/nawal-el-sadaawi-till-bokm%C3%A4ssan-1.7940393|title=Nawal El Sadaawi till Bokmässan|work=Göteborgs-Posten|language=sv|date=29 August 2018|access-date=10 October 2018}}</ref> ma n'oge okwu ya na mmemme ahụ kwuru na ike ụwa niile "ndị ọchịchị aka ike, ndị isi obodo, ndị ọchịchị alaeze ukwu, ndị na-akpa ókè agbụrụ", nke United States na-edu, jikọrọ aka na gọọmentị Ijipt iji kwụsị mgbanwe Ijipt nke afọ 2011. O kwukwara na ya chetara ịhụ Odeakwụkwọ nke Mba U.S. n'oge ahụ [[Hillary Clinton]] na Tahrir Square ka ọ na-enye ndị ntorobịa akwụkwọ dollar iji gbaa ha ume ka ha votu maka Ụmụnna Ndị Alakụba na ntuli aka na-abịa.,<ref>[https://www.memri.org/tv/egyptian-activist-nawal-saadawi-saw-hillary-clinton-dollars-tahrir-square "Onye na-akwado ikike ụmụnwaanyị Ijipt bụ Nawal El Saadawi: Ahụrụ m Hillary Clinton ka ọ na-enye ego mba Amerịka na Tahrir Square ka ndị mmadụ wee tụọ vootu maka ụmụnna ndị Alakụba"], [[Memri TV]], 30 Septemba 2018</ref> ọ bụ ezie na enweghị ihe akaebe na ihe a a na-ekwu mere. Nawal El Saadawi nwere ọkwa dịka onye dere akwụkwọ maka Kansụl Kasị Elu maka Nkà na Sayensị Mmekọrịta, [[Cairo]]; Onyeisi Isi nke Ngalaba Mmụta Ahụike, Ministry of Health, Cairo, Odeakwụkwọ Ukwu nke Medical Association, Cairo, Egypt, na dọkịta na Ụlọ Ọgwụ Mahadum na [[Ministry of Health and Population (Egypt)|Ministry of Health]]. Ọ bụ onye hiwere otu agụmakwụkwọ ahụike na otu ndị edemede ụmụ nwanyị Ijipt; ọ bụkwa onyeisi nchịkọta akụkọ nke "Health Magazine" na Cairo, nakwa onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke "Medical Association Magazine".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ipb.org/nawal-el-sadaawi-in-memory/|title=Nawal El Sadaawi – In Memory|first=Ingeborg |last=Breines|author-link=Ingeborg Breines|website=ipb.org|publisher=IPB – International Peace Bureau|access-date=19 February 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gold.ac.uk/news/nawal-el-saadawi-tribute/|title=Tribute to doctor, writer and activist Nawal El Saadawi|website=gold.ac.uk|publisher=[[Goldsmiths University of London]]|date=26 March 2021|access-date=19 February 2024}}</ref> == Ide ihe == [[File:Nawal El Saadawi 02.JPG|thumb|right|Saadawi at the [[Göteborg Book Fair]] in 2010]] Saadawi malitere ide ihe na mbido ọrụ ya. Ihe odide mbụ ya gụnyere ọtụtụ [[akụkọ dị mkpirikpi]] nke akpọrọ ''Amụtara m Ịhụnanya'' (1957) na akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya, ''Memoirs of a Woman Doctor'' (1958). O mechara dee ọtụtụ akwụkwọ akụkọ na obere akụkọ na akwụkwọ ncheta onwe ya, ''Memoir from the Women's Prison'' (1986). E bipụtala Saadawi n'ọtụtụ akwụkwọ akụkọ, a sụgharịkwara ọrụ ya site na Arabic mbụ gaa na ihe karịrị asụsụ 30.<ref>Van Allen, Judith Imel, [https://books.google.com/books?id=fy11AwAAQBAJ&dq=saadawi+translated+into+more+than+30+languages&pg=PT1369 "Saadawi, Nawal El (1931–)"], in Gary L. Anderson and Kathryn G. Herr (eds), ''Encyclopedia of Activism and Social Justice'', Sage Publications, 2007, pp. 1249–1250.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=El Saadawi, Nawal (1932–) {{!}} Encyclopedia.com |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/international/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/el-saadawi-nawal-1932 |access-date=15 May 2022 |website=www.encyclopedia.com}}</ref> Na 1972, o bipụtara akwụkwọ mbụ ya nke anaghị akụkọ ifo, ''Women and Sex'',<ref name="women" /> which evoked the antagonism of highly placed political and [[theological]] authorities.<ref name="Krajeski, The New Yorker" /> O mekwara ka a chụọ ya n'ọrụ na Ministri Ahụike.<ref name="women" /> Ọrụ ndị ọzọ gụnyere ''The Hidden Face of Eve'',<ref>{{cite book |title=The hidden face of Eve : women in the Arab world |oclc=924716956 }}</ref> ''[[God Dies by the Nile]]'',<ref>{{cite book |title=God dies by the Nile |oclc=12583064 }}</ref> ''The Circling Song'',<ref>{{cite book |title=The circling song |oclc=18587928 }}</ref> ''Searching'',<ref>{{cite book |title=Searching |oclc=24707056 }}</ref> ''[[The Fall of the Imam]]'' (a kọwara ya dị ka "mkpughe dị ike ma na-akpali akpali nke ihe egwu ndị ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụaka nwere ike ikpughe site na nkwenkwe okpukpe"),<ref>{{cite journal |first=Philip |last=Womack |author-link=Philip Womack |url=http://newhumanist.org.uk/2119/the-fall-of-the-imam-by-nawal-el-saadawi |title=The Fall of the Imam by Nawal El Saadawi (review) |journal=[[New Humanist]] |date=20 August 2009}}</ref> and ''[[Woman at Point Zero]]''.<!--{{Citation needed|date=March 2021}}--><ref>{{cite book|title=Woman at point zero |oclc=10887569 }}</ref> Ọtụtụ mmadụ akatọọla ọrụ ya bụ 'The Hidden Face of Eve' maka nkwupụta na ọ na-ede maka "onye mba ọzọ na-akatọ onye mba ọzọ".<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=Amireh |first=Amal |date=2000 |title=Framing Nawal El Saadawi: Arab Feminism in a Transnational World |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/495572 |journal=Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=215–249 |doi=10.1086/495572 |s2cid=143010343 |issn=0097-9740|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Aha mbụ nke akwụkwọ ahụ, nke a sụgharịrị ozugbo na Bekee bụ "Ihu Gbara Ọtọ nke Nwanyị Arab" ewepụrụkwa ọtụtụ isiakwụkwọ na mbipụta Bekee nke akwụkwọ ahụ, ma e jiri ya tụnyere nke mbụ nke Arabic ahụ.<ref name=":3" /> O tinyere aka na ihe nkiri "Mgbe nwanyị nupụrụ isi" na akwụkwọ akụkọ nke afọ 1984 ''[[Sisterhood Is Global]]'', nke edeziri site na onye deziri ya [[Robin Morgan]],<ref name="global">{{cite web |url=https://catalog.vsc.edu/lscfind/Record/154795/TOC#tabnav |title=Sisterhood Is Global: Table of Contents |publisher=Catalog.vsc.edu |access-date=15 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208065459/https://catalog.vsc.edu/lscfind/Record/154795/TOC#tabnav |archive-date=8 December 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ma bụrụ onye tinyere aka na nchịkọta akụkọ nke afọ 2019 ''[[New Daughters of Africa]]'', edited by [[Margaret Busby]], nke gụnyere edemede ya "Banyere M n'Africa—Ndọrọ Ndọrọ Ọchịchị na Okpukpe n'oge Nwatakịrị M".<ref>[[Imani Perry|Perry, Imani]] (29 March 2019), [https://www.ft.com/content/2a4e64a8-508a-11e9-8f44-fe4a86c48b33 "New Daughters of Africa — a new anthology of a groundbreaking book"], ''[[Financial Times]]''.</ref><ref>Rocker-Clinton, Johnna (August 2019), [https://sanfranciscobookreview.com/product/new-daughters-of-africa-an-international-anthology-of-writing-by-women-of-african-descent/ "Margaret Busby does it again!"] (review of ''New Daughters of Africa: An International Anthology of Writing by Women of African Descent''), ''San Francisco Book Review''.</ref> E bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ Saadawi nke akpọrọ 'Zeina' na Lebanọn n'afọ 2009. E bipụtara nsụgharị French ahụ n'okpuru aha njirimara Nawal Zeinab el Sayed, site na iji aha nne ya mbụ.<ref>{{cite news|title=Radical writer back with vengeance|url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/world/africa/radical-writer-back-with-vengeance-1.486421/|work= The National|access-date=17 November 2014|date=7 September 2009}}</ref> Saadawi na-asụ asụsụ [[asụsụ Bekee|Bekee]] nke ọma, tinyere obodo ya.Egyptian Arabic.<ref>{{cite web|first=Hans Ulrich |last=Obrist|url=http://www.e-flux.com/journal/42/60256/in-conversation-with-nawal-el-saadawi/ |title=In Conversation with Nawal El Saadawi|website=e-flux Journal|number=42|date= February 2013}}</ref> Dịka o si dee ya n'asụsụ Arabic, ọ hụrụ ajụjụ nke ịtụgharị asụsụ Bekee ma ọ bụ French dị ka "nnukwu nsogbu" nke jikọtara ya na eziokwu ahụ bụ na <blockquote>"ike ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya bụ nke Bekee ma ọ bụ French na-asụkarị.... Ndị nwere nnukwu akwụkwọ n'ụwa ka na-eleghara m anya, n'ihi na m na-ede ihe n'asụsụ Arabic, nakwa n'ihi na m na-akatọ echiche ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya, nke onye na-achị obodo, nke onye na-akpa ókè agbụrụ, na nke ndị nna ochie nke ndị ọchịchị ukwu."<ref>{{cite web|first=Dele Meiji |last=Fatunla|url=http://newafricanmagazine.com/nawal-el-saadawi-identity-not-fixed/ |title=Nawal El Saadawi: 'My identity is not fixed'|magazine=[[New African]]|date= 30 June 2016}}</ref></blockquote> Akwụkwọ ya ''Mufakirat Tifla fi Al-Khamisa wa Al-Thamaneen''(Akwụkwọ Ndetu nke Nwa agbọghọ dị afọ 85), nke dabere na ihe e dere n'akwụkwọ akụkọ ya, ka e bipụtara n'afọ 2017.<ref>{{cite web|first=Mahmoud |last=El-Wardani|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/18/62/273741/Books/Review/At-,-Nawal-ElSaadawi-writes-about-Nawal-ElSaadawi.aspx |title=At 85, Nawal El-Saadawi writes about Nawal El-Saadawi|website=Ahram Online|date= 5 August 2017}}</ref> == Echiche == ===Mmegide megide mmebi akụkụ ahụ nwoke na nwanyị=== Mgbe ọ dị obere, Saadawi mere usoro nke ebe ụmụ nwanyị na-ebipụ akụkụ ahụ ha.<ref>el-Saadawi, Nawal, ''The Hidden Face of Eve'', Part 1: The Mutilated Half.</ref> Mgbe ọ bụ okenye, o dere gbasara omume a ma katọọ ya. O zara ọnwụ nke otu nwa agbọghọ dị afọ iri na abụọ, Bedour Shaker, n'oge a na-eme ịwa ahụ maka ibi úgwù n'ime akụkụ ahụ mmadụ na 2007 site n'ide ihe: "Bedour, ị̀ nwụrụ anwụ ka ìhè wee nwuo n'uche ndị gbara ọchịchịrị? Ị ga-eji ndụ gị dị oké ọnụ ahịa kwụọ ụgwọ ... ka ndị dọkịta na ndị ụkọchukwu mụta na okpukpe ziri ezi anaghị ebipụ akụkụ ahụ ụmụaka?"<ref>Michael, Maggie, [http://www.physorg.com/news102393179.html "Egypt Officials Ban Female Circumcision"<!-- Bot generated title -->], Phys.org, 30 June 2007. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070702171148/http://www.physorg.com/news102393179.html |date=2 July 2007 }}.</ref> Dịka dọkịta na onye na-akwado ikike mmadụ, Saadawi megidere ibi ụmụ nwoke úgwù. O kwenyere na ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị kwesịrị ka e chebe ha pụọ ​​na mmebi akụkụ ahụ ha.<ref name="theglobaldispatches">{{cite web|url=http://www.theglobaldispatches.com/articles/nawal-al-saadawi|first=Allston|last=Mitchell|title=Nawal al Saadawi|work=The Global Dispatches|date=16 May 2010|access-date=12 February 2014|archive-date=7 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170707223358/http://www.theglobaldispatches.com/articles/nawal-al-saadawi|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Ọchịchị mmadụ na Feminism === Saadawi kọwara onwe ya dị ka "onye na-akwado ụmụnwaanyị na soshal midia", na-ekwere na a pụghị imeri ọgụ ụmụnwaanyị n'okpuru ọchịchị kapitalizim.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Fawzy |first=Mary |date=7 May 2021 |title=The socialist feminism of Nawal El Saadawi |url=https://www.newframe.com/the-socialist-feminism-of-nawal-el-saadawi/ |access-date=22 December 2022 |website=New Frame}}</ref> Nkwenye a nke ndị otu ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya apụtala site n'ikpe na-ezighị ezi ọ hụrụ ná ndụ ya.<ref name=":4" /> N'akwụkwọ ya bụ 'The Zoro Ezo nke Eve', o dere gbasara otu a na-agaghị esi kewapụ ndụ mmekọahụ na nke mmetụta uche nke ndị mmadụ na ndụ akụnụba ha na mmepụta ha, ya mere iwu ọnọdụ onwe onye na mba Arab ga-abụrịrị ihe kacha mkpa nye ndị socialist.<ref>{{Citation |chapter=Introduction |date=2015 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350251076.0006 |title=The Hidden Face of Eve |publisher=Zed Books |doi=10.5040/9781350251076.0006 |isbn=978-0-90576-251-7 |access-date=22 December 2022|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name=":4" /> N'ajụjụ ọnụ a gbara ya na 2018, o kwuru na ya abụghị onye Marxist, ebe ọ gụchara akwụkwọ ya nke ọ chọpụtara na ọ na-enwe nsogbu na ya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nawal El Saadawi on feminism, fiction and the illusion of democracy |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=djMfFU7DIB8 |language=en |publisher=[[Channel 4 News]]|via=YouTube|date=13 June 2018|access-date=22 December 2022}}</ref> ===Okpukperechi=== N'ajụjụ ọnụ ya nke afọ 2014, Saadawi kwuru na "isi ihe kpatara mmegbu ụmụ nwanyị dị n'usoro ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya zuru ụwa ọnụ, nke okpukperechi kwadoro".<ref>{{Cite web|title = They don't want any really courageous people!|url = http://en.qantara.de/content/interview-with-nawal-el-saadawi-they-dont-want-any-really-courageous-people|website = Qantara.de - Dialogue with the Islamic World|access-date =5 November 2015|last = Fariborz|first = Arian|date =5 July 2014}}</ref> Mgbe ọtụtụ narị mmadụ nwụrụ n'ihe a kpọrọ [[2015 Mina stampede|"stampede" n'oge njem njem 2015]] (Hajj) nke ndị Alakụba gaa [[Mecca]], Saudi Arabia, o kwuru, sị: <blockquote>"Ha na-ekwu maka ịgbanwe ụzọ e si achịkwa Hajj, gbasara ime ka ndị mmadụ na-eme njem n'obere ìgwè. Ihe ha na-ekwughị bụ na ihe a mere n'ihi na ndị a na-alụ ọgụ ịtụ ekwensu nkume. Gịnị mere ha ji kwesị ịtụ ekwensu nkume? Gịnị mere ha ji kwesị isusu nkume ojii ahụ ọnụ? Mana ọ dịghị onye ga-ekwu nke a. Ndị mgbasa ozi agaghị ebipụta ya. Gịnị ka ọ bụ, enweghị mmasị ịkatọ okpukpe? ... Ọjụjụ a ịkatọ okpukpe ... abụghị liberalism. Nke a bụ mmachibido iwu."<ref name=Cooke /></blockquote> O kwuru na ihe ndị dị na Hajj, dịka isusu Okute Ojii ọnụ, nwere mgbọrọgwụ ndị ọgọ mmụọ tupu okpukpe Islam.<ref>Fiona Lloyd-Davies, [https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/correspondent/1619902.stm "No compromise"], ''Correspondent'', BBC News, 26 October 2001.</ref> Saadawi was involved in the academic exploration of [[Arab identity]] throughout her writing career.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Hanadi|first1=Al-Samman|title=Diasporic Na(rra)tions: Arab Women Rewriting Exile|date=2000|publisher=[[Indiana University]]|page=25}}</ref> Saadawi kọwara mkpuchi ihu nke ndị Alakụba dị ka "ngwaọrụ mmegbu ụmụ nwanyị".<ref name="theglobaldispatches" /> ===Ebumnuche nke ụmụ nwanyị=== Ọ katọrọkwa ihe megidere ihe ndị e ji mara ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ nwanyị n'usoro mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya nke a na-ahụkarị na Yuropu na US,<ref>{{cite book|last1=El Saadawi|first1=Nawal|title=The Nawal El Saadawi Reader|publisher=Zed Books|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r9SPVEG3cv0C|date=1997|isbn=9781856495141|access-date=8 April 2015}}</ref> na-akpasu ndị otu nwanyị ibe ha iwe site n'ikwu okwu megide etemeete na uwe ndị na-ekpughe ihe.<ref name=taylor/> ===United States=== N'okwu nkuzi nke afọ 2002 na [[Mahadum California na Berkeley's Center for Middle Eastern Studies]], Saadawi kọwara agha nke US duziri megide Afghanistan dị ka "agha iji mee ihe n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi na mmanụ dị na mpaghara ahụ", na amụma mba ofesi nke US na nkwado ya nye Israel dị ka "ezigbo iyi ọha egwu.".<ref>{{cite web|last1=Pasquini|first1=Elaine|title=El Saadawi Calls U.S. Foreign Policy 'Real Terrorism'|url=https://www.questia.com/magazine/1P3-110120822/el-saadawi-calls-u-s-foreign-policy-real-terrorism|via=|work=Washington Report on Middle East Affairs|date=March 2002|access-date=|archive-date=9 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160409040731/https://www.questia.com/magazine/1P3-110120822/el-saadawi-calls-u-s-foreign-policy-real-terrorism|url-status=dead}}</ref> Saadawi held the opinion that Egyptians are forced into poverty by US aid.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Nielsen|first1=Nikolaj|title=Nawal El Saadawi: 'I am against stability. We need revolution'|url=http://chronikler.com/middle-east/egypt/nawal-el-saadawi-interview/|access-date=19 November 2014|work=The Chronikler|date=11 July 2013}}</ref> ==Fim== Saadawi bụ isiokwu nke ihe nkiri "She Speaked the Unspeakable", nke [[Jill Nicholls]] duziri, nke a na-agbasa na February 2017 na usoro ihe nkiri telivishọn [[BBC One]] ''[[Imagine (usoro ihe nkiri TV)|Imagine]]''.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b08g7hr8 "She Spoke the Unspeakable"], BBC One, ''Imagine'', Winter 2017. [http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x5cu7f1 Via] [[Dailymotion]].</ref> ==Ọnwụ== Saadawi nwụrụ n'abalị iri abụọ na otu nke ọnwa Maachị afọ 2021, mgbe ọ dị afọ iri asatọ na itoolu, n'ụlọọgwụ dị na Cairo.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://english.ahram.org.eg/News/407474.aspx|title=Renowned Egyptian feminist, author Nawal El-Saadawi dies at the age of 89|website=[[Ahram Online]]|first=Mohammed |last=Saad |date=21 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://egyptianstreets.com/2021/03/21/pioneering-egyptian-feminist-nawal-el-saadawi-dies-aged-89/|title=Pioneering Egyptian Feminist Nawal El Saadawi Dies Aged 89|website=[[Egyptian Streets]]|date=21 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/1829281/offbeat |title=Arab author, women's rights icon Nawal El-Saadawi dies in Cairo |website=Arab News |date=21 March 2021 }}</ref> Her life was commemorated on [[BBC Radio 4]]'s obituary programme ''[[Last Word]]''.<ref>{{cite episode| title= Nawal El Saadawi (pictured), Brigadier Jack Thomas, President John Magufuli, Ion Mihai Pacepa| series= [[Last Word]]| credits= Producer: Neil George; Interviewed guests: [[Mona Eltahawy]], Sally Nabil| station= BBC Radio 4| airdate= 26 March 2021| url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/m000tg67 | access-date= 28 March 2021 }}</ref> ==Ihe nrite na nsọpụrụ ahọpụtara== *2004: [[North–South Prize site na [[Council of Europe]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.coe.int/en/web/north-south-centre/previous-laureates-of-the-north-south-prize|title=Previous laureates of the North-South Prize|publisher=Council of Europe|website=coe.int}}</ref> *2005: Inana International Prize, Belgium<ref name="auto1"/> *2007: Honorary Doctorate, [[Vrije Universiteit Brussel]], Belgium<ref>{{cite book|chapter-url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-1-137-58730-5_4|publisher=Nawal El Saadawi|doi=10.1007/978-1-137-58730-5_4|title=Diary of a Child Called Souad|year=2016|last1=El Saadawi|first1=Nawal|chapter=Nawal el Saadawi and a History of Oppression: Brief Biographical Facts |pages=153–158|isbn=978-1-137-58936-1}}</ref> *2007: Honorary Doctorate, [[Université libre de Bruxelles]], Belgium<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ulb.be/en/about-ulb/ulbs-honorary-doctorates|title=ULB's honorary doctorates|website=ulb.be|publisher=Université libre de Bruxelles}}</ref> *2010: Honorary Doctorate, [[National Autonomous University of Mexico]], Mexico<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.barrons.com/news/author-physician-nawal-el-saadawi-egypt-s-critic-of-taboos-01616337305?tesla=y|title=Author, Physician Nawal El-Saadawi, Egypt's Critic Of Taboos|website=barrons.com|first=Farid|last= Farid|publisher=Barron's|date=21 March 2021}}</ref> *2011: [[Stig Dagerman Prize]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://blog.svd.se/kultur/2012/01/09/motvillig-el-saadawi-far-dagermanpriset/ |title=Motvillig El Saadawi får Dagermanpriset |work=[[SvD]] |language=sv |date=9 January 2012 |access-date=27 October 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aftonbladet.se/kultur/article14833794.ab |title=Lydnad är ett dödligt gift |work=Kultur |language=sv |date=15 May 2012 |access-date=27 October 2012}}</ref> *2012: [[Seán MacBride Peace Prize]]<ref name="auto2"/> *2015: [[BBC's 100 Women]]<ref name="bbc">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-34745739|title=BBC 100 Women 2015: Who is on the list?|date=17 November 2015|work=BBC News|access-date=3 August 2019|language=en-GB}}</ref> *2020: ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]''{{'}}s 100 Women of the Year (1981)<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://time.com/5793662/nawal-el-saadawi-100-women-of-the-year/ |title=1981: Nawal El Saadawi |magazine=Time |date=5 March 2020 }}</ref> ==Ọrụ ndị ahọpụtara== Saadawi dere ihe nke ọma, wee tinye ụfọdụ n'ime ọrụ ya n'ịntanetị.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Amireh |first=Amal |date=2000 |title=Framing Nawal El Saadawi: Arab Feminism in a Transnational World |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3175385 |journal=Signs |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=215–249 |doi=10.1086/495572 |jstor=3175385 |s2cid=143010343 |issn=0097-9740|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Saiti |first1=Ramzi |last2=Salti |first2=Ramzi M. |date=1994 |title=Paradise, Heaven, and Other Oppressive Spaces: A Critical Examination of the Life and Works of Nawal el-Saadawi |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4183334 |journal=Journal of Arabic Literature |volume=25 |issue=2 |pages=152–174 |doi=10.1163/157006494X00059 |jstor=4183334 |issn=0085-2376|url-access=subscription }}</ref> '''Akwụkwọ akụkọ na akwụkwọ akụkọ''' * ''Mudhakkirat tabiba'' (Cairo, 1958). ''Memoirs of a Woman Doctor'', trans. [[Catherine Cobham]] (Saqi Books, 1988) * ''Al ghayib'' (Cairo, 1965). ''Searching'', trans. Shirley Eber (Zed Books, 1991) * ''Imra'tani fi-Imra'a'' (Cairo, 1968). ''Two Women in One'', trans. [[Osman Nusairi]] and Jana Gough (Saqi Books, 1985) * ''Maut ar-raǧul al-waḥīd ʿala ‚l-arḍ'' (1974). ''[[God Dies by the Nile]]'', trans. [[Sherif Hetata]] (Zed Books, 1985) * ''Al-khait wa'ayn al-hayat'' (Cairo, 1976). ''The Well of Life and the Thread: Two Short Novels'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Lime Tree, 1993) * ''Ughniyat al-atfal al da iriyah'' (Beirut: Dar al-Adab, 1977). ''The Circling Song'', trans. Marilyn Booth (Zed Books, 1989) * ''Emra'a enda noktat el sifr'' (Beirut: Dar al-Adab, 1977). ''[[Woman at Point Zero]]'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Zed Books, 1983) * ''Mawt Ma'ali al-Wazir Sabiqan'' (1980). ''Death of an Ex-Minister'', trans. Shirley Eber (Methuen, 1987) * ''Suqūṭ al-imām'' (Cairo, 1987). ''[[The Fall of the Imam]]'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Methuen, 1988) * ''Jann āt wa-Iblīs'' (Beirut, 1992). ''The Innocence of the Devil'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Methuen, 1994) * ''Ḥubb fī zaman al-naf̣t'' (Cairo, 1993). ''Love in the Kingdom of Oil'', trans. [[Basil Hatim]] and Malcolm Williams (Saqi Books, 2001) * ''Al-Riwayah'' (Cairo: Dar El Hilal, 2004). ''The Novel'', trans. [[Omnia Amin]] and [[Rick London]] (Interlink Books, 2009) * ''Zeina'' (Beirut: Dar Al Saqi, 2009). ''Zeina'', trans. [[Amira Nowaira]] (Saqi Books, 2011) '''Nchịkọta akụkọ dị mkpirikpi''' * ''Ta'allamt al-hubb'' (Cairo, 1957). ''I Learned Love'' * ''Lahzat sidq'' (Cairo, 1959). ''Moment of Truth'' * ''Little Tenderness'' (Cairo, 1960) * ''al-Khayt wa-l-jidar'' (1972). ''The Thread and the Wall'' * ''Ain El Hayat'' (Beirut, 1976) * ''Kānat hiya al-aḍʻaf'' ["She Was the Weaker"] (1979). ''She Has No Place in Paradise'', trans. Shirley Eber (Methuen, 1987). Includes three additional stories: "She Has No Place in Paradise", "Two Women Friends", and "'Beautiful'". * ''Adab Am Kellet Abad'' (Cairo, 2000) '''Egwuregwu''' * ''Ithna 'ashar imra'a fi zinzana wahida'' (Cairo, 1984). ''Twelve Women in a Cell'' * ''Isis'' (Cairo, 1985) * ''God Resigns in the Summit Meeting'' (1996), published by Madbouli, and four other plays included in her ''Collected Works'' (45 books in Arabic), Cairo: Madbouli, 2007 * ''Twelve Women in a Cell: Plays by Mediterranean Women'' (Aurora Metro Books, 1994) '''Ihe ncheta''' * ''Mudhakkirat fi Sijn al-Nisa'' (Cairo, 1983). ''Memoirs from the Women's Prison'', trans. Marilyn Booth ([[The Women's Press]], 1986) * ''Rihlati hawla al-'alam'' (Cairo, 1986). ''My Travels Around the World'', trans. Shirley Eber (Methuen, 1991) * ''Memoirs of a Child Called Soad'' (Cairo, 1990) * ''Awraqi hayati'', first volume (Cairo, 1995). ''A Daughter of Isis'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Zed Books, 1999) * ''Awraqi hayati'', second volume (Cairo, 1998). ''Walking Through Fire'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Zed Books, 2002) * ''My Life, Part III'' (Cairo, 2001) '''Akụkọ na-abụghị akụkọ ifo''' * ''Women and Sex'' (Cairo, 1969) * ''Woman Is the Origin'' (Cairo, 1971) * ''Men and Sex'' (Cairo, 1973) * ''The Naked Face of Arab Women'' (Cairo, 1974) * ''Women and Neurosis'' (Cairo, 1975) * ''Al-Wajh al-'ari lil-mar'a al-'arabiyy'' (1977). ''The Hidden Face of Eve: Women in the Arab World'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Zed Press, 1980) * ''On Women'' (Cairo, 1986) * ''A New Battle in Arab Women Liberation'' (Cairo, 1992) * ''Collection of Essays'' (Cairo, 1998) * ''Collection of Essays'' (Cairo, 2001) * ''Breaking Down Barriers'' (Cairo, 2004) '''Compilations in English''' * ''Plays by Mediterranean Women'' (Aurora Metro Books, 1994, {{ISBN|978-0-9515877-3-7}}) * ''North/South: The Nawal El Saadawi Reader'' (Zed Books, 1997) * ''Off Limits: New Writings on Fear and Sin'' (Gingko Library, 2019, {{ISBN|978-88-87847-16-1}}) == Hụkwa ==   *   *   *   * Thesis/dissertation.  <templatestyles src="Module:Side box/styles.css"></templatestyles> * Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Nawal El Saadawi na archive.org * Adele Newson-Horst, "[https://www.worldliteraturetoday.org/blog/literary-tributes/remembering-nawal-el-saadawi-adele-newson-horst "Ịcheta Nawal El Saadawi"]", World Literature Today, 24 March 2021. * [[Ernest Emenyonu]], "NAWAL EL SAADAWI: Ndụ na edemede (Ọktoba 27, 1931 - Machị 21, 2021) ", Boydell na Brewer, 13 Mee 2021. [[Otú:Articles with hCards]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] go8t8tk92nam8ttca7zw2ho7ksg4d4g 736861 736859 2026-10-08T13:03:42Z Adimora chidinma 15845 /* Further persecution, teaching in the US, and later activism */ 736861 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}   '''Nawal El Saadawi''' ({{langx|ar|نوال السعداوي}}, {{ALA-LC|arz|Nawāl as-Saʿdāwī}};27 Ọktoba 1931 – 21 Maachị 2021) bụ onye edemede feminist nke Ijipt, activist, disciatist, na psychiatrist. O dere ọtụtụ akwụkwọ gbasara ụmụ nwanyị na Islam, na-elekwasị anya n'okwu ndị metụtara ụmụ nwanyị na Global South, gụnyere sexuality, patriarchy social class, na colonialism.<ref name=":3" /> Ọ bụ onye hiwere ma bụrụkwa onyeisi oche nke otu Arab Women's Solidarity Association.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2 March 2015|title=Nawal El Saadawi|url=https://orgs.law.harvard.edu/womeninspiringchange/2015-honorees/nawal-el-saadawi/|access-date=9 October 2020|website=Women Inspiring Change|language=en-US|archive-date=18 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201218120145/https://orgs.law.harvard.edu/womeninspiringchange/2015-honorees/nawal-el-saadawi/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>Hitchcock, Peter; El Saadawi, Nawal; Hatata, Sherif. "Living the Struggle". ''Transition'' 61 (1993): 170–179.</ref> Ọ bụkwa onye hiwere Arab Association for Human Rights.<ref>Nawal El Saadawi, "Presentation by Nawal El Saadawi: President's Forum, M/MLA Annual Convention, November 4, 1999", ''The Journal of the Midwest Modern Language Association'' 33.3–34.1 (Autumn 2000 – Winter 2001): 34–39.</ref> O nwetara akara ugo mmụta nsọpụrụ site na mahadum dị na kọntinent atọ. Na 2004, Kọnsụl nke Yuropu nyere ya North–South Prize. Na 2005, o nwetara ihe nrite mba ụwa Inana na Belgium.<ref name="auto1">[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jue04c1_wkY "PEN World Voices Arthur Miller Freedom to Write Lecture by Nawal El Saadawi"], YouTube. 8 September 2009.</ref> Na 2012, International Peace Bureau nyere ya onyinye Seán MacBride Peace Prize.<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web|title=International Peace Bureau|url=http://www.ipb.org/web/index.php?mostra=news&menu=home&id_nom=IPB+to+award+2012+Sean+MacBride+Peace+Prize+to+Nawal+El-Sadaawi+and+Lina+Ben+Mhenni|website=www.ipb.org|access-date=25 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925221701/http://www.ipb.org/web/index.php?mostra=news&menu=home&id_nom=IPB+to+award+2012+Sean+MacBride+Peace+Prize+to+Nawal+El-Sadaawi+and+Lina+Ben+Mhenni|archive-date=25 September 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ndụ mbido == A mụrụ Saadawi, onye nke abụọ n'ime ụmụ itoolu, na 27 Ọktoba 1931 n'obodo nta dị na [[Kafr Tahla]], [[Egypt]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/mar/22/nawal-el-saadawi-obituary|title=Nawal El Saadawi obituary|date=22 March 2021|first=Sarah A|last= Smith|website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Elkhatib |first1=Sameh |title=Egyptian feminist and author el-Saadawi dies at 89 |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/egyptian-feminist-author-el-saadawi-dies-89-2021-03-22/ |website=Reuters |access-date=24 March 2026}}</ref> E mere Saadawi ebe ụmụ nwanyị bi n'ime akụkụ ahụ ha <ref name=Khaleeli /> at the age of six,<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last1=Sa'dawi|first1=Nawal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I9vqMossOjoC|title=A Daughter of Isis: The Autobiography of Nawal El Saadawi|last2=Saadawi|first2=Nawal El|last3=Saʻdāwī|first3=Nawāl|last4=Saʿdāwī|first4=Nawāl as-|date=1999|publisher=[[Zed Books]]|isbn=978-1-85649-680-3|pages=63–87|language=en}}</ref> ọ bụ ezie na nna ya kwenyere na ụmụ agbọghọ na ụmụ nwoke kwesịrị ịgụ akwụkwọ. O kwuru na nne na nna ya bụ ndị nwere nnwere onwe mgbe ha na-etolite.<ref name=":1"/> Nna ya Upper Egypt bụ onye ọrụ gọọmentị na [[w:Ministry of Education (Egypt)|Ministry of Education]], onye lụsoro ọgụ megide British rebel Egypt n'oge Egypt Revolution of 1919. N'ihi ya, a chụpụrụ ya n'obodo nta dị na Naịl, gọọmentị ekweghịkwa ịkwalite ya ruo afọ 10. Ọ bụ onye na-aga n'ihu ma kụziere nwa ya nwanyị ịkwanyere onwe ya ùgwù na ikwu okwu n'uche ya. Ọ gbakwara ya ume ka ọ mụọ asụsụ Arabik. Agbanyeghị, mgbe El Saadawi dị afọ 10, ezinụlọ ya gbalịrị ime ka ọ lụọ di, mana nne ya kwadoro ya n'ịjụ.<ref name=taylor>{{Cite news |title=Nawal El Saadawi: Feminist firebrand who dared to write dangerously (obituary) |last=Taylor-Coleman |first=Jasmine |website=BBC News |date=21 March 2021 |url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-55048245}}</ref> Both her parents died at a young age,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Nawal El Saadawi|url=http://faculty.webster.edu/woolflm/saadawi.html|access-date=25 September 2015|website=faculty.webster.edu|archive-date=2 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170602080913/http://faculty.webster.edu/woolflm/saadawi.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>{{Unreliable source?|date=September 2021|sure=y|reason=This is an unpublished undergraduate student assignment paper}} na-ahapụ Saadawi naanị ibu ọrụ nke ilekọta ezinụlọ buru ibu.<ref name="bornexile">{{Cite web |url=http://www.nawalsaadawi.net/oldsite/articlesnawal/bornexile.htm |title=Exile and Resistance |first=Nawal |last=El Saadaw|website=Nawal El Saadawi/Sherif Hetata |date=November 2002|access-date=23 June 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091027223127/http://www.nawalsaadawi.net/oldsite/articlesnawal/bornexile.htm |archive-date=27 October 2009 |url-status=usurped }}</ref> Nne ya, Zaynab, sitere n'agbụrụ bara ọgaranya [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]];<ref>{{cite news|last=Cowell|first=Alan |author-link=Alan Cowell |year=2021|title=Nawal El Saadawi, Advocate for Women in the Arab World, Dies at 89 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/21/obituaries/nawal-el-saadawi-dead.html|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|quote=Nawal El Saadawi was born on Oct. 27, 1931, in the village of Kafr Tahla, a settlement in the lower Nile Delta, the second of nine children. Her mother, Zaynab (Shoukry) El Saadawi, was partially descended from a wealthy Ottoman family. Her father, Al-Sayed El Saadawi, was an official in the government’s education ministry. }}</ref> Saadawi kọwara nna nna ya nke nne ya, Shoukry,<ref>{{cite book|first=Nawal|last= El Saadawi|year=2013|title=A Daughter of Isis: The Early Life of Nawal El Saadawi|publisher=Zed Books|isbn=978-1848136403}}</ref> na nne nne ya dị ka onye Ottoman si malite.<ref name="CaliforniaUni">{{citation|first=Nawal|last= El Saadawi|year=1986|title=Memoirs from the Women's Prison|publisher=University of California Press|page=64|quote= "My eyes widened in astonishment. Even my maternal grandmother used to sing, although she was born to a Turkish mother and lived in my grandfather's house in the epoch when harems still existed." |isbn=0520088883}}</ref> Ọbụna mgbe ọ bụ nwata, ọ katọrọ obodo ndị nwoke bi na ya, ebe ụmụ nwoke ji ha kpọrọ ihe karịa ụmụ nwanyị, na-emeghachi omume n'iwe nye nne nne ya, onye kwuru na "nwoke bara uru ụmụ nwanyị iri na ise ma ọ dịkarịa ala... Ụmụ agbọghọ bụ nsogbu".<ref name=taylor/> O ji nganga kọwaa onwe ya dị ka nwanyị Ijipt [[agba ọchịchịrị]] kemgbe ọ dị obere.<ref>{{Citation|url=https://zora.medium.com/my-childhood-in-egypt-not-knowing-i-was-in-africa-27580b07a93b|title=My Childhood in Egypt, Not Knowing I Was in Africa|first=Nawal|last=El Saadawi|website=zora.medium.com|date=13 June 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=New Daughters of Africa|chapter=About Me in Africa—Politics and Religion in my Childhood|editor-first=Margaret|first=El Saadawi|last=Nawal|editor-last=Busby|publisher=[[Myriad Editions]]|edition=paperback|pages=42–44|date=2020}}</ref> == Career == Saadawi graduated as a medical doctor in 1955 from [[Cairo University]]. That year, she married Ahmed Helmi, whom she met as a fellow student in medical school. They have a daughter, Mona Helmi.<ref name=Khaleeli/> The marriage ended after two years.<ref name=JoISR>{{cite journal|first=Yusuf|last=Koseli|title=A PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH TO THE NOVEL OF NAWAL EL SAADAWI TITLED MÜZEKKİRAT TABİBE|journal=The Journal of International Social Research|date=2013|volume=6|issue=28|url=http://www.sosyalarastirmalar.com/cilt6/cilt6sayi28_pdf/koseli_yusuf.pdf|access-date=15 April 2020}}</ref><ref name=Khaleeli>{{Cite web|title = Nawal El Saadawi: Egypt's radical feminist|url = https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2010/apr/15/nawal-el-saadawi-egyptian-feminist|website =The Guardian|date= 15 April 2010|access-date =15 April 2020|first = Homa|last = Khaleeli}}</ref> Through her medical practice, she observed women's physical and psychological problems and connected them with oppressive cultural practices, patriarchal oppression, class oppression and imperialist oppression.<ref name="women">[http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/1999/462/women.htm Feminism in a nationalist century] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100419040800/http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/1999/462/women.htm |date=19 April 2010 }}</ref> Her second husband was a colleague, Rashad Bey.<ref name=JoISR/><ref>{{cite thesis|url=https://www.academia.edu/23224495|title=Voice of Oppressed from the Margins: A Critical Reading on Nawal El Saadawi's "Woman at Point Zero"|last=Puthiyakath|first=Hashim H.|publisher=[[Central University of Tamil Nadu]]|access-date=15 April 2020}}</ref> While working as a doctor in her birthplace of Kafr Tahla, she observed the hardships and inequalities faced by rural women. After attempting to protect one of her patients from [[domestic violence]], Saadawi was summoned back to Cairo. She eventually became the Director of the Ministry of [[public health|Public Health]] and met her third husband, [[Sherif Hatata]], while sharing an office in the Ministry of Health. Hatata, also a medical doctor and writer, had been a [[political prisoner]] for 13 years. They married in 1964 and have a son.<ref name="bornexile"/><ref name=Khaleeli/> Saadawi and Hatata lived together for 43 years<ref name=Cooke>{{cite web|last1=Cooke|first1=Rachel|title=Nawal El Saadawi: 'Do you feel you are liberated? I feel I am not'|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/oct/11/nawal-el-saadawi-interview-do-you-feel-you-are-liberated-not|work=[[The Observer]]|date=11 October 2015|access-date=15 April 2020}}</ref> and divorced in 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/18/62/99644/Books/Review/ElSaadawi-and-Hatata-Voyage-of-a-lifetime.aspx|title=El-Saadawi and Hatata: Voyage of a lifetime|date=24 April 2014|publisher=Ahram Online|first=Mahmoud |last=El-Wardani|access-date=15 April 2020}}</ref> [[File:Shirin Ershadi, Shirin Ebadi and Nawal el-Saadawi (2413951897).jpg|thumb|[[Shirin Ershadi]], [[Shirin Ebadi]] and Nawal el-Saadawi]] Saadawi attended [[Columbia University]], earning a master's degree in public health in 1966.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Smith|first=Harrison|date=23 March 2021|title=Nawal El Saadawi, Egyptian author, physician and feminist activist, dies at 89|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/nawal-el-saadawi-dead/2021/03/23/43c7c250-8b19-11eb-a730-1b4ed9656258_story.html|access-date=16 June 2021}}</ref> In 1972, she published ''Woman and Sex'' ({{lang|ar|المرأة والجنس}}), confronting and contextualising various aggressions perpetrated against women's bodies, including female circumcision. The book became a foundational text of [[second-wave feminism]]. As a consequence of the book and her political activities, Saadawi was dismissed from her position at the Ministry of Health.<ref name="women" /> She also lost her positions as chief editor of a health journal, and as Assistant General Secretary in the Medical Association in Egypt. From 1973 to 1976, Saadawi worked on researching women and [[neurosis]] in [[Ain Shams University]]'s Faculty of Medicine. From 1979 to 1980, she was the [[United Nations]] Advisor for the Women's Programme in Africa (ECA) and the Middle East (ECWA).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://scholarblogs.emory.edu/postcolonialstudies/2014/06/11/saadawi-nawal-el-2/|title=Saadawi, Nawal el – Postcolonial Studies|website=scholarblogs.emory.edu|language=en-US|access-date=31 July 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r9SPVEG3cv0C&q=Nawal+Saadawi+united+nations+advisor+1979&pg=PR1|title=The Nawal El Saadawi Reader|last=Saʻdāwī|first=Nawāl|date=15 December 1997|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=9781856495141|language=en}}</ref> === Court cases against her === In 2002 a legal attempt was made by Nabih el-Wahsh in an Egyptian Court to legally divorce el-Saadawi from her husband on account of [[hisbah|hesba]], a 9th-century principle of [[shariah law]], that allows for the conviction of Muslims who are seen to be harming Islam. The evidence used against her was a March interview in which el-Wahsh claims was proof she had abandoned Islam. The legal attempt was unsuccessful.<ref name=Khaleeli /><ref>{{Cite web |date=18 June 2001 |title=Cairo writer threatened with divorce |url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2001/jun/18/internationaleducationnews.highereducation |access-date=22 December 2022 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref> In 2008, a similar attempt was made to strip el-Saadawi of her Egyptian nationality due to her radical opinions and writing, this attempt was also unsuccessful.<ref name=Khaleeli /> === Imprisonment === Long viewed as controversial and dangerous by the Egyptian government, Saadawi helped publish a feminist magazine in 1981 called ''Confrontation.'' She was imprisoned in September by [[President of Egypt]] [[Anwar Sadat]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Uglow|first1=Jennifer S.|author2=Maggy Hendry|title=The Northeastern Dictionary of Women's Biography|url=https://archive.org/details/northeasterndict0000uglo|url-access=registration|year=1999|publisher=Northeastern University Press|isbn= 9781555534219|pages=[https://archive.org/details/northeasterndict0000uglo/page/189 189]–190}}</ref> Saadawi stated once in an interview: "I was arrested because I believed Sadat. He said there is democracy and we have a multi-party system and you can criticize. So I started criticizing his policy and I landed in jail." Sadat claimed that the established government was a democracy for the people and that democracy as always was open for constructive criticism. According to Saadawi, Sadat imprisoned her because of her criticism of his purported democracy. Even in prison she still found a way to fight against the oppression of women. While in prison she formed the Arab Women's Solidarity Association. This was the first legal and independent feminist group in Egypt. In prison, she was denied pen and paper, however, that did not stop her from continuing to write. She used a "stubby black eyebrow pencil" and "a small roll of old and tattered toilet paper" to record her thoughts.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Interview with Nawal el aasawi|url=http://www.nyu.edu/classes/keefer/twenty/nawal.html|last=Network|first=Vile News|date=2015|access-date=26 April 2020}}</ref> She was released later that year, one month after the President's assassination. Of her experience she wrote: "Danger has been a part of my life ever since I picked up a pen and wrote. Nothing is more perilous than truth in a world that lies."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/2001/06/03/stories/13030786.htm |title=Egypt's face of courage |work=The Hindu|first=Kalpana|last=Sharma|date=3 June 2001|access-date=25 September 2013 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041030002518/http://www.hinduonnet.com/2001/06/03/stories/13030786.htm |archive-date=30 October 2004 }}</ref> In 1982, she founded the Arab Women's Solidarity Association.<ref>Hussey, Sierra, [https://www.sahistory.org.za/archive/biography-nawal-el-saadawi-sierra-hussey "Biography of Nawal El Saadawi"], South African History Online.</ref> She described her organization as "historical, socialist, and feminist".<ref>{{cite magazine |url= https://www.aljadid.com/node/2254|title= Nawal El-Saadawi's 'Daughter of Isis' Life and Times via the Plenitude of Her Writings |first=D.H. |last=Melhem|website=Al Jadid Magazine|volume= 5|number= 29|date=Autumn 1999|access-date=22 March 2021}}</ref> Saadawi was one of the women held at Qanatir Women's Prison. Her incarceration formed the basis for her 1983 ''[[Memoirs from the Women's Prison]]'' ({{langx|ar|مذكرات في سجن النساء }}). Her contact with a prisoner at Qanatir, nine years before she was imprisoned there, served as inspiration for an earlier work, a novel titled ''[[Woman at Point Zero]]'' ({{langx|ar|امرأة عند نقطة الصفر}}, 1975).<ref name="Krajeski, The New Yorker">{{Cite magazine|url=http://www.newyorker.com/books/page-turner/the-books-of-nawal-el-saadawi|title=The Books of Nawal El Saadawi|magazine=[[The New Yorker]]|first=Jenna|last=Krajeski|date=7 March 2011|access-date=31 July 2017}}</ref> === Mkpagbu ndị ọzọ, nkuzi na US, na ngagharị iwe ndị ọzọ mechara mee === Na 1993, mgbe ndị Alakụba na mkpagbu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị yiri ndụ ya egwu, a manyere Saadawi ịgbapụ n'Ijipt. Ọ nabatara onyinye ịkụzi ihe na Ngalaba Asụsụ Eshia na Afrịka nke Mahadum Duke dị na [[North Carolina]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Former Visiting Professor in Court, Under Fire in Egypt|url=https://today.duke.edu/2001/06/el-saadawi629.html|date=29 June 2001|website=Duke Today|publisher=Duke University|access-date=1 April 2021|language=en}}</ref><ref name=BMJ>Dr Dora Carpenter-Latiri, [http://blogs.bmj.com/medical-humanities/2015/11/11/the-reading-room-a-review-of-memoirs-of-a-woman-doctor/ "The Reading Room: A review of ‘Memoirs of a woman doctor{{'"}}], ''BMJ'' Blog, 11 November 2015.</ref> nakwa na Mahadum Washington. O mechara nọrọ n'ọtụtụ kọleji na mahadum ndị a ma ama dịka Mahadum Cairo, Harvard, Yale, [[w:Mahadum Columbia|Columbia]], [[w:Mahadum Paris|Sorbonne]], [[w:Mahadum Georgetown|Georgetown]], Mahadum Steeti Florida, na Mahadum California, Berkeley. Na 1996, ọ laghachiri Ijipt.<ref name="BMJ"/><ref>{{cite web|last=Ling|first= Jessica |url=http://www.warscapes.com/blog/today-history-happy-85th-birthday-nawal-el-saadawi |title=Today in History: Happy 85th Birthday, Nawal El Saadawi!|website=Warscapes|date=27 October 2016}}</ref> Saadawi gara n'ihu na-akwado ya ma chee echiche ịzọ ọkwa na 2005 ntuli aka onyeisiala Ijipt, tupu ọ pụọ n'ihi ihe siri ike achọrọ maka ndị ga-azọ ọkwa nke mbụ.<ref>[https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2005/7/16/egypt-presidential-aspirant-pulls-out "Egypt presidential aspirant pulls out"], AlJazeera, 16 July 2005. Retrieved 21 July 2021.</ref> O so n'ime ndị ngagharị iwe na Tahrir Square na 2011.<ref>{{cite web|first=Elizabeth |last=Rubin|url=http://www.newsweek.com/2011/03/06/the-feminists-in-the-middle-of-tahrir-square.html |title=The Feminists in the Middle of Tahrir Square|work=[[Newsweek]]|date= 6 March 2011}}</ref> O kwuru ka a kwụsị nkuzi okpukperechi n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị Ijipt.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nawal El Saadawi – Illustrated Women in History |url=https://illustratedwomeninhistory.com/nawal-el-saadawi-is-an-egyptian-feminist-writer/ |date=28 October 2015|access-date=15 May 2022 |language=en-US}}</ref> Saadawi was awarded the 2004 North–South Prize by the Council of Europe.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/nscentre/winners_nsp_EN.asp|title=North-South Centre homepage|website=North-South Centre|language=en-GB|access-date=18 March 2018}}</ref> Na Julaị 2016, ọ bụ onyeisi emume akwụkwọ Royal African Society nke akpọrọ "Africa Writes" na London, ebe o kwuru okwu gbasara "On Being a Woman Writer" na mkparịta ụka ya na [[Margaret Busby]].<ref>{{cite web|first=Kelechi |last=Iwumene|url=http://africawrites.org/blog/africa-writes-2016-the-round-up/ |title=Africa Writes 2016: The Round-Up|publisher=Royal African Society|date= July 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://africawrites.org/uncategorized/on-being-a-woman-writer-nawal-el-saadawi-in-conversation-2/ |title=On Being A Woman Writer: Nawal El Saadawi in conversation|website= Africa Writes|publisher=Royal African Society|date= 2 July 2016}}</ref> [[File:Nawal El Saadawi, April 2012 (cropped).jpg|thumb|April 2012]] Na Göteborg Book Fair nke mere na Septemba 27 ruo 30, 2018, Saadawi gara seminar gbasara mmepe na Ijipt na Middle East mgbe Arab Spring gasịrị.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gp.se/kultur/kultur/nawal-el-sadaawi-till-bokm%C3%A4ssan-1.7940393|title=Nawal El Sadaawi till Bokmässan|work=Göteborgs-Posten|language=sv|date=29 August 2018|access-date=10 October 2018}}</ref> ma n'oge okwu ya na mmemme ahụ kwuru na ike ụwa niile "ndị ọchịchị aka ike, ndị isi obodo, ndị ọchịchị alaeze ukwu, ndị na-akpa ókè agbụrụ", nke United States na-edu, jikọrọ aka na gọọmentị Ijipt iji kwụsị mgbanwe Ijipt nke afọ 2011. O kwukwara na ya chetara ịhụ Odeakwụkwọ nke Mba U.S. n'oge ahụ [[Hillary Clinton]] na Tahrir Square ka ọ na-enye ndị ntorobịa akwụkwọ dollar iji gbaa ha ume ka ha votu maka Ụmụnna Ndị Alakụba na ntuli aka na-abịa.,<ref>[https://www.memri.org/tv/egyptian-activist-nawal-saadawi-saw-hillary-clinton-dollars-tahrir-square "Onye na-akwado ikike ụmụnwaanyị Ijipt bụ Nawal El Saadawi: Ahụrụ m Hillary Clinton ka ọ na-enye ego mba Amerịka na Tahrir Square ka ndị mmadụ wee tụọ vootu maka ụmụnna ndị Alakụba"], [[Memri TV]], 30 Septemba 2018</ref> ọ bụ ezie na enweghị ihe akaebe na ihe a a na-ekwu mere. Nawal El Saadawi nwere ọkwa dịka onye dere akwụkwọ maka Kansụl Kasị Elu maka Nkà na Sayensị Mmekọrịta, Cairo; Onyeisi Isi nke Ngalaba Mmụta Ahụike, Ministry of Health, Cairo, Odeakwụkwọ Ukwu nke Medical Association, Cairo, Egypt, na dọkịta na Ụlọ Ọgwụ Mahadum na [[w:Ministry of Health and Population (Egypt)|Ministry of Health]]. Ọ bụ onye hiwere otu agụmakwụkwọ ahụike na otu ndị edemede ụmụ nwanyị Ijipt; ọ bụkwa onyeisi nchịkọta akụkọ nke "Health Magazine" na Cairo, nakwa onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke "Medical Association Magazine".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ipb.org/nawal-el-sadaawi-in-memory/|title=Nawal El Sadaawi – In Memory|first=Ingeborg |last=Breines|author-link=Ingeborg Breines|website=ipb.org|publisher=IPB – International Peace Bureau|access-date=19 February 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gold.ac.uk/news/nawal-el-saadawi-tribute/|title=Tribute to doctor, writer and activist Nawal El Saadawi|website=gold.ac.uk|publisher=[[Goldsmiths University of London]]|date=26 March 2021|access-date=19 February 2024}}</ref> == Ide ihe == [[File:Nawal El Saadawi 02.JPG|thumb|right|Saadawi at the [[Göteborg Book Fair]] in 2010]] Saadawi malitere ide ihe na mbido ọrụ ya. Ihe odide mbụ ya gụnyere ọtụtụ [[akụkọ dị mkpirikpi]] nke akpọrọ ''Amụtara m Ịhụnanya'' (1957) na akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya, ''Memoirs of a Woman Doctor'' (1958). O mechara dee ọtụtụ akwụkwọ akụkọ na obere akụkọ na akwụkwọ ncheta onwe ya, ''Memoir from the Women's Prison'' (1986). E bipụtala Saadawi n'ọtụtụ akwụkwọ akụkọ, a sụgharịkwara ọrụ ya site na Arabic mbụ gaa na ihe karịrị asụsụ 30.<ref>Van Allen, Judith Imel, [https://books.google.com/books?id=fy11AwAAQBAJ&dq=saadawi+translated+into+more+than+30+languages&pg=PT1369 "Saadawi, Nawal El (1931–)"], in Gary L. Anderson and Kathryn G. Herr (eds), ''Encyclopedia of Activism and Social Justice'', Sage Publications, 2007, pp. 1249–1250.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=El Saadawi, Nawal (1932–) {{!}} Encyclopedia.com |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/international/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/el-saadawi-nawal-1932 |access-date=15 May 2022 |website=www.encyclopedia.com}}</ref> Na 1972, o bipụtara akwụkwọ mbụ ya nke anaghị akụkọ ifo, ''Women and Sex'',<ref name="women" /> which evoked the antagonism of highly placed political and [[theological]] authorities.<ref name="Krajeski, The New Yorker" /> O mekwara ka a chụọ ya n'ọrụ na Ministri Ahụike.<ref name="women" /> Ọrụ ndị ọzọ gụnyere ''The Hidden Face of Eve'',<ref>{{cite book |title=The hidden face of Eve : women in the Arab world |oclc=924716956 }}</ref> ''[[God Dies by the Nile]]'',<ref>{{cite book |title=God dies by the Nile |oclc=12583064 }}</ref> ''The Circling Song'',<ref>{{cite book |title=The circling song |oclc=18587928 }}</ref> ''Searching'',<ref>{{cite book |title=Searching |oclc=24707056 }}</ref> ''[[The Fall of the Imam]]'' (a kọwara ya dị ka "mkpughe dị ike ma na-akpali akpali nke ihe egwu ndị ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụaka nwere ike ikpughe site na nkwenkwe okpukpe"),<ref>{{cite journal |first=Philip |last=Womack |author-link=Philip Womack |url=http://newhumanist.org.uk/2119/the-fall-of-the-imam-by-nawal-el-saadawi |title=The Fall of the Imam by Nawal El Saadawi (review) |journal=[[New Humanist]] |date=20 August 2009}}</ref> and ''[[Woman at Point Zero]]''.<!--{{Citation needed|date=March 2021}}--><ref>{{cite book|title=Woman at point zero |oclc=10887569 }}</ref> Ọtụtụ mmadụ akatọọla ọrụ ya bụ 'The Hidden Face of Eve' maka nkwupụta na ọ na-ede maka "onye mba ọzọ na-akatọ onye mba ọzọ".<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=Amireh |first=Amal |date=2000 |title=Framing Nawal El Saadawi: Arab Feminism in a Transnational World |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/495572 |journal=Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=215–249 |doi=10.1086/495572 |s2cid=143010343 |issn=0097-9740|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Aha mbụ nke akwụkwọ ahụ, nke a sụgharịrị ozugbo na Bekee bụ "Ihu Gbara Ọtọ nke Nwanyị Arab" ewepụrụkwa ọtụtụ isiakwụkwọ na mbipụta Bekee nke akwụkwọ ahụ, ma e jiri ya tụnyere nke mbụ nke Arabic ahụ.<ref name=":3" /> O tinyere aka na ihe nkiri "Mgbe nwanyị nupụrụ isi" na akwụkwọ akụkọ nke afọ 1984 ''[[Sisterhood Is Global]]'', nke edeziri site na onye deziri ya [[Robin Morgan]],<ref name="global">{{cite web |url=https://catalog.vsc.edu/lscfind/Record/154795/TOC#tabnav |title=Sisterhood Is Global: Table of Contents |publisher=Catalog.vsc.edu |access-date=15 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208065459/https://catalog.vsc.edu/lscfind/Record/154795/TOC#tabnav |archive-date=8 December 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ma bụrụ onye tinyere aka na nchịkọta akụkọ nke afọ 2019 ''[[New Daughters of Africa]]'', edited by [[Margaret Busby]], nke gụnyere edemede ya "Banyere M n'Africa—Ndọrọ Ndọrọ Ọchịchị na Okpukpe n'oge Nwatakịrị M".<ref>[[Imani Perry|Perry, Imani]] (29 March 2019), [https://www.ft.com/content/2a4e64a8-508a-11e9-8f44-fe4a86c48b33 "New Daughters of Africa — a new anthology of a groundbreaking book"], ''[[Financial Times]]''.</ref><ref>Rocker-Clinton, Johnna (August 2019), [https://sanfranciscobookreview.com/product/new-daughters-of-africa-an-international-anthology-of-writing-by-women-of-african-descent/ "Margaret Busby does it again!"] (review of ''New Daughters of Africa: An International Anthology of Writing by Women of African Descent''), ''San Francisco Book Review''.</ref> E bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ Saadawi nke akpọrọ 'Zeina' na Lebanọn n'afọ 2009. E bipụtara nsụgharị French ahụ n'okpuru aha njirimara Nawal Zeinab el Sayed, site na iji aha nne ya mbụ.<ref>{{cite news|title=Radical writer back with vengeance|url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/world/africa/radical-writer-back-with-vengeance-1.486421/|work= The National|access-date=17 November 2014|date=7 September 2009}}</ref> Saadawi na-asụ asụsụ [[asụsụ Bekee|Bekee]] nke ọma, tinyere obodo ya.Egyptian Arabic.<ref>{{cite web|first=Hans Ulrich |last=Obrist|url=http://www.e-flux.com/journal/42/60256/in-conversation-with-nawal-el-saadawi/ |title=In Conversation with Nawal El Saadawi|website=e-flux Journal|number=42|date= February 2013}}</ref> Dịka o si dee ya n'asụsụ Arabic, ọ hụrụ ajụjụ nke ịtụgharị asụsụ Bekee ma ọ bụ French dị ka "nnukwu nsogbu" nke jikọtara ya na eziokwu ahụ bụ na <blockquote>"ike ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya bụ nke Bekee ma ọ bụ French na-asụkarị.... Ndị nwere nnukwu akwụkwọ n'ụwa ka na-eleghara m anya, n'ihi na m na-ede ihe n'asụsụ Arabic, nakwa n'ihi na m na-akatọ echiche ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya, nke onye na-achị obodo, nke onye na-akpa ókè agbụrụ, na nke ndị nna ochie nke ndị ọchịchị ukwu."<ref>{{cite web|first=Dele Meiji |last=Fatunla|url=http://newafricanmagazine.com/nawal-el-saadawi-identity-not-fixed/ |title=Nawal El Saadawi: 'My identity is not fixed'|magazine=[[New African]]|date= 30 June 2016}}</ref></blockquote> Akwụkwọ ya ''Mufakirat Tifla fi Al-Khamisa wa Al-Thamaneen''(Akwụkwọ Ndetu nke Nwa agbọghọ dị afọ 85), nke dabere na ihe e dere n'akwụkwọ akụkọ ya, ka e bipụtara n'afọ 2017.<ref>{{cite web|first=Mahmoud |last=El-Wardani|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/18/62/273741/Books/Review/At-,-Nawal-ElSaadawi-writes-about-Nawal-ElSaadawi.aspx |title=At 85, Nawal El-Saadawi writes about Nawal El-Saadawi|website=Ahram Online|date= 5 August 2017}}</ref> == Echiche == ===Mmegide megide mmebi akụkụ ahụ nwoke na nwanyị=== Mgbe ọ dị obere, Saadawi mere usoro nke ebe ụmụ nwanyị na-ebipụ akụkụ ahụ ha.<ref>el-Saadawi, Nawal, ''The Hidden Face of Eve'', Part 1: The Mutilated Half.</ref> Mgbe ọ bụ okenye, o dere gbasara omume a ma katọọ ya. O zara ọnwụ nke otu nwa agbọghọ dị afọ iri na abụọ, Bedour Shaker, n'oge a na-eme ịwa ahụ maka ibi úgwù n'ime akụkụ ahụ mmadụ na 2007 site n'ide ihe: "Bedour, ị̀ nwụrụ anwụ ka ìhè wee nwuo n'uche ndị gbara ọchịchịrị? Ị ga-eji ndụ gị dị oké ọnụ ahịa kwụọ ụgwọ ... ka ndị dọkịta na ndị ụkọchukwu mụta na okpukpe ziri ezi anaghị ebipụ akụkụ ahụ ụmụaka?"<ref>Michael, Maggie, [http://www.physorg.com/news102393179.html "Egypt Officials Ban Female Circumcision"<!-- Bot generated title -->], Phys.org, 30 June 2007. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070702171148/http://www.physorg.com/news102393179.html |date=2 July 2007 }}.</ref> Dịka dọkịta na onye na-akwado ikike mmadụ, Saadawi megidere ibi ụmụ nwoke úgwù. O kwenyere na ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị kwesịrị ka e chebe ha pụọ ​​na mmebi akụkụ ahụ ha.<ref name="theglobaldispatches">{{cite web|url=http://www.theglobaldispatches.com/articles/nawal-al-saadawi|first=Allston|last=Mitchell|title=Nawal al Saadawi|work=The Global Dispatches|date=16 May 2010|access-date=12 February 2014|archive-date=7 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170707223358/http://www.theglobaldispatches.com/articles/nawal-al-saadawi|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Ọchịchị mmadụ na Feminism === Saadawi kọwara onwe ya dị ka "onye na-akwado ụmụnwaanyị na soshal midia", na-ekwere na a pụghị imeri ọgụ ụmụnwaanyị n'okpuru ọchịchị kapitalizim.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Fawzy |first=Mary |date=7 May 2021 |title=The socialist feminism of Nawal El Saadawi |url=https://www.newframe.com/the-socialist-feminism-of-nawal-el-saadawi/ |access-date=22 December 2022 |website=New Frame}}</ref> Nkwenye a nke ndị otu ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya apụtala site n'ikpe na-ezighị ezi ọ hụrụ ná ndụ ya.<ref name=":4" /> N'akwụkwọ ya bụ 'The Zoro Ezo nke Eve', o dere gbasara otu a na-agaghị esi kewapụ ndụ mmekọahụ na nke mmetụta uche nke ndị mmadụ na ndụ akụnụba ha na mmepụta ha, ya mere iwu ọnọdụ onwe onye na mba Arab ga-abụrịrị ihe kacha mkpa nye ndị socialist.<ref>{{Citation |chapter=Introduction |date=2015 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350251076.0006 |title=The Hidden Face of Eve |publisher=Zed Books |doi=10.5040/9781350251076.0006 |isbn=978-0-90576-251-7 |access-date=22 December 2022|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name=":4" /> N'ajụjụ ọnụ a gbara ya na 2018, o kwuru na ya abụghị onye Marxist, ebe ọ gụchara akwụkwọ ya nke ọ chọpụtara na ọ na-enwe nsogbu na ya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nawal El Saadawi on feminism, fiction and the illusion of democracy |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=djMfFU7DIB8 |language=en |publisher=[[Channel 4 News]]|via=YouTube|date=13 June 2018|access-date=22 December 2022}}</ref> ===Okpukperechi=== N'ajụjụ ọnụ ya nke afọ 2014, Saadawi kwuru na "isi ihe kpatara mmegbu ụmụ nwanyị dị n'usoro ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya zuru ụwa ọnụ, nke okpukperechi kwadoro".<ref>{{Cite web|title = They don't want any really courageous people!|url = http://en.qantara.de/content/interview-with-nawal-el-saadawi-they-dont-want-any-really-courageous-people|website = Qantara.de - Dialogue with the Islamic World|access-date =5 November 2015|last = Fariborz|first = Arian|date =5 July 2014}}</ref> Mgbe ọtụtụ narị mmadụ nwụrụ n'ihe a kpọrọ [[2015 Mina stampede|"stampede" n'oge njem njem 2015]] (Hajj) nke ndị Alakụba gaa [[Mecca]], Saudi Arabia, o kwuru, sị: <blockquote>"Ha na-ekwu maka ịgbanwe ụzọ e si achịkwa Hajj, gbasara ime ka ndị mmadụ na-eme njem n'obere ìgwè. Ihe ha na-ekwughị bụ na ihe a mere n'ihi na ndị a na-alụ ọgụ ịtụ ekwensu nkume. Gịnị mere ha ji kwesị ịtụ ekwensu nkume? Gịnị mere ha ji kwesị isusu nkume ojii ahụ ọnụ? Mana ọ dịghị onye ga-ekwu nke a. Ndị mgbasa ozi agaghị ebipụta ya. Gịnị ka ọ bụ, enweghị mmasị ịkatọ okpukpe? ... Ọjụjụ a ịkatọ okpukpe ... abụghị liberalism. Nke a bụ mmachibido iwu."<ref name=Cooke /></blockquote> O kwuru na ihe ndị dị na Hajj, dịka isusu Okute Ojii ọnụ, nwere mgbọrọgwụ ndị ọgọ mmụọ tupu okpukpe Islam.<ref>Fiona Lloyd-Davies, [https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/correspondent/1619902.stm "No compromise"], ''Correspondent'', BBC News, 26 October 2001.</ref> Saadawi was involved in the academic exploration of [[Arab identity]] throughout her writing career.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Hanadi|first1=Al-Samman|title=Diasporic Na(rra)tions: Arab Women Rewriting Exile|date=2000|publisher=[[Indiana University]]|page=25}}</ref> Saadawi kọwara mkpuchi ihu nke ndị Alakụba dị ka "ngwaọrụ mmegbu ụmụ nwanyị".<ref name="theglobaldispatches" /> ===Ebumnuche nke ụmụ nwanyị=== Ọ katọrọkwa ihe megidere ihe ndị e ji mara ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ nwanyị n'usoro mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya nke a na-ahụkarị na Yuropu na US,<ref>{{cite book|last1=El Saadawi|first1=Nawal|title=The Nawal El Saadawi Reader|publisher=Zed Books|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r9SPVEG3cv0C|date=1997|isbn=9781856495141|access-date=8 April 2015}}</ref> na-akpasu ndị otu nwanyị ibe ha iwe site n'ikwu okwu megide etemeete na uwe ndị na-ekpughe ihe.<ref name=taylor/> ===United States=== N'okwu nkuzi nke afọ 2002 na [[Mahadum California na Berkeley's Center for Middle Eastern Studies]], Saadawi kọwara agha nke US duziri megide Afghanistan dị ka "agha iji mee ihe n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi na mmanụ dị na mpaghara ahụ", na amụma mba ofesi nke US na nkwado ya nye Israel dị ka "ezigbo iyi ọha egwu.".<ref>{{cite web|last1=Pasquini|first1=Elaine|title=El Saadawi Calls U.S. Foreign Policy 'Real Terrorism'|url=https://www.questia.com/magazine/1P3-110120822/el-saadawi-calls-u-s-foreign-policy-real-terrorism|via=|work=Washington Report on Middle East Affairs|date=March 2002|access-date=|archive-date=9 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160409040731/https://www.questia.com/magazine/1P3-110120822/el-saadawi-calls-u-s-foreign-policy-real-terrorism|url-status=dead}}</ref> Saadawi held the opinion that Egyptians are forced into poverty by US aid.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Nielsen|first1=Nikolaj|title=Nawal El Saadawi: 'I am against stability. We need revolution'|url=http://chronikler.com/middle-east/egypt/nawal-el-saadawi-interview/|access-date=19 November 2014|work=The Chronikler|date=11 July 2013}}</ref> ==Fim== Saadawi bụ isiokwu nke ihe nkiri "She Speaked the Unspeakable", nke [[Jill Nicholls]] duziri, nke a na-agbasa na February 2017 na usoro ihe nkiri telivishọn [[BBC One]] ''[[Imagine (usoro ihe nkiri TV)|Imagine]]''.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b08g7hr8 "She Spoke the Unspeakable"], BBC One, ''Imagine'', Winter 2017. [http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x5cu7f1 Via] [[Dailymotion]].</ref> ==Ọnwụ== Saadawi nwụrụ n'abalị iri abụọ na otu nke ọnwa Maachị afọ 2021, mgbe ọ dị afọ iri asatọ na itoolu, n'ụlọọgwụ dị na Cairo.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://english.ahram.org.eg/News/407474.aspx|title=Renowned Egyptian feminist, author Nawal El-Saadawi dies at the age of 89|website=[[Ahram Online]]|first=Mohammed |last=Saad |date=21 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://egyptianstreets.com/2021/03/21/pioneering-egyptian-feminist-nawal-el-saadawi-dies-aged-89/|title=Pioneering Egyptian Feminist Nawal El Saadawi Dies Aged 89|website=[[Egyptian Streets]]|date=21 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/1829281/offbeat |title=Arab author, women's rights icon Nawal El-Saadawi dies in Cairo |website=Arab News |date=21 March 2021 }}</ref> Her life was commemorated on [[BBC Radio 4]]'s obituary programme ''[[Last Word]]''.<ref>{{cite episode| title= Nawal El Saadawi (pictured), Brigadier Jack Thomas, President John Magufuli, Ion Mihai Pacepa| series= [[Last Word]]| credits= Producer: Neil George; Interviewed guests: [[Mona Eltahawy]], Sally Nabil| station= BBC Radio 4| airdate= 26 March 2021| url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/m000tg67 | access-date= 28 March 2021 }}</ref> ==Ihe nrite na nsọpụrụ ahọpụtara== *2004: [[North–South Prize site na [[Council of Europe]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.coe.int/en/web/north-south-centre/previous-laureates-of-the-north-south-prize|title=Previous laureates of the North-South Prize|publisher=Council of Europe|website=coe.int}}</ref> *2005: Inana International Prize, Belgium<ref name="auto1"/> *2007: Honorary Doctorate, [[Vrije Universiteit Brussel]], Belgium<ref>{{cite book|chapter-url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-1-137-58730-5_4|publisher=Nawal El Saadawi|doi=10.1007/978-1-137-58730-5_4|title=Diary of a Child Called Souad|year=2016|last1=El Saadawi|first1=Nawal|chapter=Nawal el Saadawi and a History of Oppression: Brief Biographical Facts |pages=153–158|isbn=978-1-137-58936-1}}</ref> *2007: Honorary Doctorate, [[Université libre de Bruxelles]], Belgium<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ulb.be/en/about-ulb/ulbs-honorary-doctorates|title=ULB's honorary doctorates|website=ulb.be|publisher=Université libre de Bruxelles}}</ref> *2010: Honorary Doctorate, [[National Autonomous University of Mexico]], Mexico<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.barrons.com/news/author-physician-nawal-el-saadawi-egypt-s-critic-of-taboos-01616337305?tesla=y|title=Author, Physician Nawal El-Saadawi, Egypt's Critic Of Taboos|website=barrons.com|first=Farid|last= Farid|publisher=Barron's|date=21 March 2021}}</ref> *2011: [[Stig Dagerman Prize]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://blog.svd.se/kultur/2012/01/09/motvillig-el-saadawi-far-dagermanpriset/ |title=Motvillig El Saadawi får Dagermanpriset |work=[[SvD]] |language=sv |date=9 January 2012 |access-date=27 October 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aftonbladet.se/kultur/article14833794.ab |title=Lydnad är ett dödligt gift |work=Kultur |language=sv |date=15 May 2012 |access-date=27 October 2012}}</ref> *2012: [[Seán MacBride Peace Prize]]<ref name="auto2"/> *2015: [[BBC's 100 Women]]<ref name="bbc">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-34745739|title=BBC 100 Women 2015: Who is on the list?|date=17 November 2015|work=BBC News|access-date=3 August 2019|language=en-GB}}</ref> *2020: ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]''{{'}}s 100 Women of the Year (1981)<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://time.com/5793662/nawal-el-saadawi-100-women-of-the-year/ |title=1981: Nawal El Saadawi |magazine=Time |date=5 March 2020 }}</ref> ==Ọrụ ndị ahọpụtara== Saadawi dere ihe nke ọma, wee tinye ụfọdụ n'ime ọrụ ya n'ịntanetị.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Amireh |first=Amal |date=2000 |title=Framing Nawal El Saadawi: Arab Feminism in a Transnational World |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3175385 |journal=Signs |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=215–249 |doi=10.1086/495572 |jstor=3175385 |s2cid=143010343 |issn=0097-9740|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Saiti |first1=Ramzi |last2=Salti |first2=Ramzi M. |date=1994 |title=Paradise, Heaven, and Other Oppressive Spaces: A Critical Examination of the Life and Works of Nawal el-Saadawi |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4183334 |journal=Journal of Arabic Literature |volume=25 |issue=2 |pages=152–174 |doi=10.1163/157006494X00059 |jstor=4183334 |issn=0085-2376|url-access=subscription }}</ref> '''Akwụkwọ akụkọ na akwụkwọ akụkọ''' * ''Mudhakkirat tabiba'' (Cairo, 1958). ''Memoirs of a Woman Doctor'', trans. [[Catherine Cobham]] (Saqi Books, 1988) * ''Al ghayib'' (Cairo, 1965). ''Searching'', trans. Shirley Eber (Zed Books, 1991) * ''Imra'tani fi-Imra'a'' (Cairo, 1968). ''Two Women in One'', trans. [[Osman Nusairi]] and Jana Gough (Saqi Books, 1985) * ''Maut ar-raǧul al-waḥīd ʿala ‚l-arḍ'' (1974). ''[[God Dies by the Nile]]'', trans. [[Sherif Hetata]] (Zed Books, 1985) * ''Al-khait wa'ayn al-hayat'' (Cairo, 1976). ''The Well of Life and the Thread: Two Short Novels'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Lime Tree, 1993) * ''Ughniyat al-atfal al da iriyah'' (Beirut: Dar al-Adab, 1977). ''The Circling Song'', trans. Marilyn Booth (Zed Books, 1989) * ''Emra'a enda noktat el sifr'' (Beirut: Dar al-Adab, 1977). ''[[Woman at Point Zero]]'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Zed Books, 1983) * ''Mawt Ma'ali al-Wazir Sabiqan'' (1980). ''Death of an Ex-Minister'', trans. Shirley Eber (Methuen, 1987) * ''Suqūṭ al-imām'' (Cairo, 1987). ''[[The Fall of the Imam]]'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Methuen, 1988) * ''Jann āt wa-Iblīs'' (Beirut, 1992). ''The Innocence of the Devil'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Methuen, 1994) * ''Ḥubb fī zaman al-naf̣t'' (Cairo, 1993). ''Love in the Kingdom of Oil'', trans. [[Basil Hatim]] and Malcolm Williams (Saqi Books, 2001) * ''Al-Riwayah'' (Cairo: Dar El Hilal, 2004). ''The Novel'', trans. [[Omnia Amin]] and [[Rick London]] (Interlink Books, 2009) * ''Zeina'' (Beirut: Dar Al Saqi, 2009). ''Zeina'', trans. [[Amira Nowaira]] (Saqi Books, 2011) '''Nchịkọta akụkọ dị mkpirikpi''' * ''Ta'allamt al-hubb'' (Cairo, 1957). ''I Learned Love'' * ''Lahzat sidq'' (Cairo, 1959). ''Moment of Truth'' * ''Little Tenderness'' (Cairo, 1960) * ''al-Khayt wa-l-jidar'' (1972). ''The Thread and the Wall'' * ''Ain El Hayat'' (Beirut, 1976) * ''Kānat hiya al-aḍʻaf'' ["She Was the Weaker"] (1979). ''She Has No Place in Paradise'', trans. Shirley Eber (Methuen, 1987). Includes three additional stories: "She Has No Place in Paradise", "Two Women Friends", and "'Beautiful'". * ''Adab Am Kellet Abad'' (Cairo, 2000) '''Egwuregwu''' * ''Ithna 'ashar imra'a fi zinzana wahida'' (Cairo, 1984). ''Twelve Women in a Cell'' * ''Isis'' (Cairo, 1985) * ''God Resigns in the Summit Meeting'' (1996), published by Madbouli, and four other plays included in her ''Collected Works'' (45 books in Arabic), Cairo: Madbouli, 2007 * ''Twelve Women in a Cell: Plays by Mediterranean Women'' (Aurora Metro Books, 1994) '''Ihe ncheta''' * ''Mudhakkirat fi Sijn al-Nisa'' (Cairo, 1983). ''Memoirs from the Women's Prison'', trans. Marilyn Booth ([[The Women's Press]], 1986) * ''Rihlati hawla al-'alam'' (Cairo, 1986). ''My Travels Around the World'', trans. Shirley Eber (Methuen, 1991) * ''Memoirs of a Child Called Soad'' (Cairo, 1990) * ''Awraqi hayati'', first volume (Cairo, 1995). ''A Daughter of Isis'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Zed Books, 1999) * ''Awraqi hayati'', second volume (Cairo, 1998). ''Walking Through Fire'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Zed Books, 2002) * ''My Life, Part III'' (Cairo, 2001) '''Akụkọ na-abụghị akụkọ ifo''' * ''Women and Sex'' (Cairo, 1969) * ''Woman Is the Origin'' (Cairo, 1971) * ''Men and Sex'' (Cairo, 1973) * ''The Naked Face of Arab Women'' (Cairo, 1974) * ''Women and Neurosis'' (Cairo, 1975) * ''Al-Wajh al-'ari lil-mar'a al-'arabiyy'' (1977). ''The Hidden Face of Eve: Women in the Arab World'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Zed Press, 1980) * ''On Women'' (Cairo, 1986) * ''A New Battle in Arab Women Liberation'' (Cairo, 1992) * ''Collection of Essays'' (Cairo, 1998) * ''Collection of Essays'' (Cairo, 2001) * ''Breaking Down Barriers'' (Cairo, 2004) '''Compilations in English''' * ''Plays by Mediterranean Women'' (Aurora Metro Books, 1994, {{ISBN|978-0-9515877-3-7}}) * ''North/South: The Nawal El Saadawi Reader'' (Zed Books, 1997) * ''Off Limits: New Writings on Fear and Sin'' (Gingko Library, 2019, {{ISBN|978-88-87847-16-1}}) == Hụkwa ==   *   *   *   * Thesis/dissertation.  <templatestyles src="Module:Side box/styles.css"></templatestyles> * Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Nawal El Saadawi na archive.org * Adele Newson-Horst, "[https://www.worldliteraturetoday.org/blog/literary-tributes/remembering-nawal-el-saadawi-adele-newson-horst "Ịcheta Nawal El Saadawi"]", World Literature Today, 24 March 2021. * [[Ernest Emenyonu]], "NAWAL EL SAADAWI: Ndụ na edemede (Ọktoba 27, 1931 - Machị 21, 2021) ", Boydell na Brewer, 13 Mee 2021. [[Otú:Articles with hCards]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 94dtjbh7plycp9qgwynt8e905ih63da 736862 736861 2026-10-08T13:06:50Z Adimora chidinma 15845 /* Imprisonment */ 736862 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}   '''Nawal El Saadawi''' ({{langx|ar|نوال السعداوي}}, {{ALA-LC|arz|Nawāl as-Saʿdāwī}};27 Ọktoba 1931 – 21 Maachị 2021) bụ onye edemede feminist nke Ijipt, activist, disciatist, na psychiatrist. O dere ọtụtụ akwụkwọ gbasara ụmụ nwanyị na Islam, na-elekwasị anya n'okwu ndị metụtara ụmụ nwanyị na Global South, gụnyere sexuality, patriarchy social class, na colonialism.<ref name=":3" /> Ọ bụ onye hiwere ma bụrụkwa onyeisi oche nke otu Arab Women's Solidarity Association.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2 March 2015|title=Nawal El Saadawi|url=https://orgs.law.harvard.edu/womeninspiringchange/2015-honorees/nawal-el-saadawi/|access-date=9 October 2020|website=Women Inspiring Change|language=en-US|archive-date=18 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201218120145/https://orgs.law.harvard.edu/womeninspiringchange/2015-honorees/nawal-el-saadawi/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>Hitchcock, Peter; El Saadawi, Nawal; Hatata, Sherif. "Living the Struggle". ''Transition'' 61 (1993): 170–179.</ref> Ọ bụkwa onye hiwere Arab Association for Human Rights.<ref>Nawal El Saadawi, "Presentation by Nawal El Saadawi: President's Forum, M/MLA Annual Convention, November 4, 1999", ''The Journal of the Midwest Modern Language Association'' 33.3–34.1 (Autumn 2000 – Winter 2001): 34–39.</ref> O nwetara akara ugo mmụta nsọpụrụ site na mahadum dị na kọntinent atọ. Na 2004, Kọnsụl nke Yuropu nyere ya North–South Prize. Na 2005, o nwetara ihe nrite mba ụwa Inana na Belgium.<ref name="auto1">[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jue04c1_wkY "PEN World Voices Arthur Miller Freedom to Write Lecture by Nawal El Saadawi"], YouTube. 8 September 2009.</ref> Na 2012, International Peace Bureau nyere ya onyinye Seán MacBride Peace Prize.<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web|title=International Peace Bureau|url=http://www.ipb.org/web/index.php?mostra=news&menu=home&id_nom=IPB+to+award+2012+Sean+MacBride+Peace+Prize+to+Nawal+El-Sadaawi+and+Lina+Ben+Mhenni|website=www.ipb.org|access-date=25 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925221701/http://www.ipb.org/web/index.php?mostra=news&menu=home&id_nom=IPB+to+award+2012+Sean+MacBride+Peace+Prize+to+Nawal+El-Sadaawi+and+Lina+Ben+Mhenni|archive-date=25 September 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ndụ mbido == A mụrụ Saadawi, onye nke abụọ n'ime ụmụ itoolu, na 27 Ọktoba 1931 n'obodo nta dị na [[Kafr Tahla]], [[Egypt]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/mar/22/nawal-el-saadawi-obituary|title=Nawal El Saadawi obituary|date=22 March 2021|first=Sarah A|last= Smith|website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Elkhatib |first1=Sameh |title=Egyptian feminist and author el-Saadawi dies at 89 |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/egyptian-feminist-author-el-saadawi-dies-89-2021-03-22/ |website=Reuters |access-date=24 March 2026}}</ref> E mere Saadawi ebe ụmụ nwanyị bi n'ime akụkụ ahụ ha <ref name=Khaleeli /> at the age of six,<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last1=Sa'dawi|first1=Nawal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I9vqMossOjoC|title=A Daughter of Isis: The Autobiography of Nawal El Saadawi|last2=Saadawi|first2=Nawal El|last3=Saʻdāwī|first3=Nawāl|last4=Saʿdāwī|first4=Nawāl as-|date=1999|publisher=[[Zed Books]]|isbn=978-1-85649-680-3|pages=63–87|language=en}}</ref> ọ bụ ezie na nna ya kwenyere na ụmụ agbọghọ na ụmụ nwoke kwesịrị ịgụ akwụkwọ. O kwuru na nne na nna ya bụ ndị nwere nnwere onwe mgbe ha na-etolite.<ref name=":1"/> Nna ya Upper Egypt bụ onye ọrụ gọọmentị na [[w:Ministry of Education (Egypt)|Ministry of Education]], onye lụsoro ọgụ megide British rebel Egypt n'oge Egypt Revolution of 1919. N'ihi ya, a chụpụrụ ya n'obodo nta dị na Naịl, gọọmentị ekweghịkwa ịkwalite ya ruo afọ 10. Ọ bụ onye na-aga n'ihu ma kụziere nwa ya nwanyị ịkwanyere onwe ya ùgwù na ikwu okwu n'uche ya. Ọ gbakwara ya ume ka ọ mụọ asụsụ Arabik. Agbanyeghị, mgbe El Saadawi dị afọ 10, ezinụlọ ya gbalịrị ime ka ọ lụọ di, mana nne ya kwadoro ya n'ịjụ.<ref name=taylor>{{Cite news |title=Nawal El Saadawi: Feminist firebrand who dared to write dangerously (obituary) |last=Taylor-Coleman |first=Jasmine |website=BBC News |date=21 March 2021 |url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-55048245}}</ref> Both her parents died at a young age,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Nawal El Saadawi|url=http://faculty.webster.edu/woolflm/saadawi.html|access-date=25 September 2015|website=faculty.webster.edu|archive-date=2 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170602080913/http://faculty.webster.edu/woolflm/saadawi.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>{{Unreliable source?|date=September 2021|sure=y|reason=This is an unpublished undergraduate student assignment paper}} na-ahapụ Saadawi naanị ibu ọrụ nke ilekọta ezinụlọ buru ibu.<ref name="bornexile">{{Cite web |url=http://www.nawalsaadawi.net/oldsite/articlesnawal/bornexile.htm |title=Exile and Resistance |first=Nawal |last=El Saadaw|website=Nawal El Saadawi/Sherif Hetata |date=November 2002|access-date=23 June 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091027223127/http://www.nawalsaadawi.net/oldsite/articlesnawal/bornexile.htm |archive-date=27 October 2009 |url-status=usurped }}</ref> Nne ya, Zaynab, sitere n'agbụrụ bara ọgaranya [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]];<ref>{{cite news|last=Cowell|first=Alan |author-link=Alan Cowell |year=2021|title=Nawal El Saadawi, Advocate for Women in the Arab World, Dies at 89 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/21/obituaries/nawal-el-saadawi-dead.html|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|quote=Nawal El Saadawi was born on Oct. 27, 1931, in the village of Kafr Tahla, a settlement in the lower Nile Delta, the second of nine children. Her mother, Zaynab (Shoukry) El Saadawi, was partially descended from a wealthy Ottoman family. Her father, Al-Sayed El Saadawi, was an official in the government’s education ministry. }}</ref> Saadawi kọwara nna nna ya nke nne ya, Shoukry,<ref>{{cite book|first=Nawal|last= El Saadawi|year=2013|title=A Daughter of Isis: The Early Life of Nawal El Saadawi|publisher=Zed Books|isbn=978-1848136403}}</ref> na nne nne ya dị ka onye Ottoman si malite.<ref name="CaliforniaUni">{{citation|first=Nawal|last= El Saadawi|year=1986|title=Memoirs from the Women's Prison|publisher=University of California Press|page=64|quote= "My eyes widened in astonishment. Even my maternal grandmother used to sing, although she was born to a Turkish mother and lived in my grandfather's house in the epoch when harems still existed." |isbn=0520088883}}</ref> Ọbụna mgbe ọ bụ nwata, ọ katọrọ obodo ndị nwoke bi na ya, ebe ụmụ nwoke ji ha kpọrọ ihe karịa ụmụ nwanyị, na-emeghachi omume n'iwe nye nne nne ya, onye kwuru na "nwoke bara uru ụmụ nwanyị iri na ise ma ọ dịkarịa ala... Ụmụ agbọghọ bụ nsogbu".<ref name=taylor/> O ji nganga kọwaa onwe ya dị ka nwanyị Ijipt [[agba ọchịchịrị]] kemgbe ọ dị obere.<ref>{{Citation|url=https://zora.medium.com/my-childhood-in-egypt-not-knowing-i-was-in-africa-27580b07a93b|title=My Childhood in Egypt, Not Knowing I Was in Africa|first=Nawal|last=El Saadawi|website=zora.medium.com|date=13 June 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=New Daughters of Africa|chapter=About Me in Africa—Politics and Religion in my Childhood|editor-first=Margaret|first=El Saadawi|last=Nawal|editor-last=Busby|publisher=[[Myriad Editions]]|edition=paperback|pages=42–44|date=2020}}</ref> == Career == Saadawi graduated as a medical doctor in 1955 from [[Cairo University]]. That year, she married Ahmed Helmi, whom she met as a fellow student in medical school. They have a daughter, Mona Helmi.<ref name=Khaleeli/> The marriage ended after two years.<ref name=JoISR>{{cite journal|first=Yusuf|last=Koseli|title=A PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH TO THE NOVEL OF NAWAL EL SAADAWI TITLED MÜZEKKİRAT TABİBE|journal=The Journal of International Social Research|date=2013|volume=6|issue=28|url=http://www.sosyalarastirmalar.com/cilt6/cilt6sayi28_pdf/koseli_yusuf.pdf|access-date=15 April 2020}}</ref><ref name=Khaleeli>{{Cite web|title = Nawal El Saadawi: Egypt's radical feminist|url = https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2010/apr/15/nawal-el-saadawi-egyptian-feminist|website =The Guardian|date= 15 April 2010|access-date =15 April 2020|first = Homa|last = Khaleeli}}</ref> Through her medical practice, she observed women's physical and psychological problems and connected them with oppressive cultural practices, patriarchal oppression, class oppression and imperialist oppression.<ref name="women">[http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/1999/462/women.htm Feminism in a nationalist century] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100419040800/http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/1999/462/women.htm |date=19 April 2010 }}</ref> Her second husband was a colleague, Rashad Bey.<ref name=JoISR/><ref>{{cite thesis|url=https://www.academia.edu/23224495|title=Voice of Oppressed from the Margins: A Critical Reading on Nawal El Saadawi's "Woman at Point Zero"|last=Puthiyakath|first=Hashim H.|publisher=[[Central University of Tamil Nadu]]|access-date=15 April 2020}}</ref> While working as a doctor in her birthplace of Kafr Tahla, she observed the hardships and inequalities faced by rural women. After attempting to protect one of her patients from [[domestic violence]], Saadawi was summoned back to Cairo. She eventually became the Director of the Ministry of [[public health|Public Health]] and met her third husband, [[Sherif Hatata]], while sharing an office in the Ministry of Health. Hatata, also a medical doctor and writer, had been a [[political prisoner]] for 13 years. They married in 1964 and have a son.<ref name="bornexile"/><ref name=Khaleeli/> Saadawi and Hatata lived together for 43 years<ref name=Cooke>{{cite web|last1=Cooke|first1=Rachel|title=Nawal El Saadawi: 'Do you feel you are liberated? I feel I am not'|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/oct/11/nawal-el-saadawi-interview-do-you-feel-you-are-liberated-not|work=[[The Observer]]|date=11 October 2015|access-date=15 April 2020}}</ref> and divorced in 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/18/62/99644/Books/Review/ElSaadawi-and-Hatata-Voyage-of-a-lifetime.aspx|title=El-Saadawi and Hatata: Voyage of a lifetime|date=24 April 2014|publisher=Ahram Online|first=Mahmoud |last=El-Wardani|access-date=15 April 2020}}</ref> [[File:Shirin Ershadi, Shirin Ebadi and Nawal el-Saadawi (2413951897).jpg|thumb|[[Shirin Ershadi]], [[Shirin Ebadi]] and Nawal el-Saadawi]] Saadawi attended [[Columbia University]], earning a master's degree in public health in 1966.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Smith|first=Harrison|date=23 March 2021|title=Nawal El Saadawi, Egyptian author, physician and feminist activist, dies at 89|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/nawal-el-saadawi-dead/2021/03/23/43c7c250-8b19-11eb-a730-1b4ed9656258_story.html|access-date=16 June 2021}}</ref> In 1972, she published ''Woman and Sex'' ({{lang|ar|المرأة والجنس}}), confronting and contextualising various aggressions perpetrated against women's bodies, including female circumcision. The book became a foundational text of [[second-wave feminism]]. As a consequence of the book and her political activities, Saadawi was dismissed from her position at the Ministry of Health.<ref name="women" /> She also lost her positions as chief editor of a health journal, and as Assistant General Secretary in the Medical Association in Egypt. From 1973 to 1976, Saadawi worked on researching women and [[neurosis]] in [[Ain Shams University]]'s Faculty of Medicine. From 1979 to 1980, she was the [[United Nations]] Advisor for the Women's Programme in Africa (ECA) and the Middle East (ECWA).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://scholarblogs.emory.edu/postcolonialstudies/2014/06/11/saadawi-nawal-el-2/|title=Saadawi, Nawal el – Postcolonial Studies|website=scholarblogs.emory.edu|language=en-US|access-date=31 July 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r9SPVEG3cv0C&q=Nawal+Saadawi+united+nations+advisor+1979&pg=PR1|title=The Nawal El Saadawi Reader|last=Saʻdāwī|first=Nawāl|date=15 December 1997|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=9781856495141|language=en}}</ref> === Court cases against her === In 2002 a legal attempt was made by Nabih el-Wahsh in an Egyptian Court to legally divorce el-Saadawi from her husband on account of [[hisbah|hesba]], a 9th-century principle of [[shariah law]], that allows for the conviction of Muslims who are seen to be harming Islam. The evidence used against her was a March interview in which el-Wahsh claims was proof she had abandoned Islam. The legal attempt was unsuccessful.<ref name=Khaleeli /><ref>{{Cite web |date=18 June 2001 |title=Cairo writer threatened with divorce |url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2001/jun/18/internationaleducationnews.highereducation |access-date=22 December 2022 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref> In 2008, a similar attempt was made to strip el-Saadawi of her Egyptian nationality due to her radical opinions and writing, this attempt was also unsuccessful.<ref name=Khaleeli /> === Mkpọrọ === Kemgbe gọọmentị Ijipt lere ya anya dị ka ihe na-ese okwu ma dị ize ndụ, Saadawi nyere aka bipụta akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị otu nwanyị na 1981 nke akpọrọ ''Confrontation.'' President of Egypt Anwar Sadat tụrụ ya mkpọrọ na Septemba.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Uglow|first1=Jennifer S.|author2=Maggy Hendry|title=The Northeastern Dictionary of Women's Biography|url=https://archive.org/details/northeasterndict0000uglo|url-access=registration|year=1999|publisher=Northeastern University Press|isbn= 9781555534219|pages=[https://archive.org/details/northeasterndict0000uglo/page/189 189]–190}}</ref> Saadawi kwuru otu oge n'ajụjụ ọnụ a gbara ya: "E jidere m n'ihi na ekwere m Sadat. O kwuru na e nwere ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na anyị nwere usoro ọtụtụ pati, ị nwekwara ike ịkatọ ya. Ya mere, amalitere m ịkatọ iwu ya, m wee banye n'ụlọ mkpọrọ." Sadat kwuru na ọchịchị e guzobere bụ ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya maka ndị mmadụ, nakwa na ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya dị njikere maka nkatọ bara uru. Dịka Saadawi si kwuo, Sadat tụrụ ya mkpọrọ n'ihi nkatọ ya maka ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya. Ọbụna n'ụlọ mkpọrọ, ọ ka chọtara ụzọ isi lụso mmegbu ụmụ nwanyị ọgụ. Mgbe ọ nọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ, o guzobere otu Arab Women's Solidarity Association. Nke a bụ otu mbụ iwu kwadoro na nke nwere onwe ya na Egypt. N'ụlọ mkpọrọ, a jụrụ ya pen na akwụkwọ, agbanyeghị, nke ahụ egbochighị ya ịnọgide na-ede ihe. O jiri "pensụl nku anya ojii siri ike" na "obere akwụkwọ mposi ochie na nke gbawara agbawa" dekọọ echiche ya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Interview with Nawal el aasawi|url=http://www.nyu.edu/classes/keefer/twenty/nawal.html|last=Network|first=Vile News|date=2015|access-date=26 April 2020}}</ref> A tọhapụrụ ya n'afọ ahụ, otu ọnwa ka e gbusịrị Onyeisiala. Banyere ahụmịhe ya, o dere, sị: "Ihe ize ndụ abụrụla akụkụ nke ndụ m kemgbe m were mkpịsị akwụkwọ wee dee ihe. Ọ dịghị ihe dị ize ndụ karịa eziokwu n'ụwa nke dị ụgha."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/2001/06/03/stories/13030786.htm |title=Egypt's face of courage |work=The Hindu|first=Kalpana|last=Sharma|date=3 June 2001|access-date=25 September 2013 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041030002518/http://www.hinduonnet.com/2001/06/03/stories/13030786.htm |archive-date=30 October 2004 }}</ref> Na afọ 1982, o hiwere otu Arab Women's Solidarity Association.<ref>Hussey, Sierra, [https://www.sahistory.org.za/archive/biography-nawal-el-saadawi-sierra-hussey "Biography of Nawal El Saadawi"], South African History Online.</ref> Ọ kọwara otu ya dị ka "onye akụkọ ihe mere eme, onye na-akwado ọchịchị ọha, na onye na-akwado ikike ụmụ nwanyị".<ref>{{cite magazine |url= https://www.aljadid.com/node/2254|title= Nawal El-Saadawi's 'Daughter of Isis' Life and Times via the Plenitude of Her Writings |first=D.H. |last=Melhem|website=Al Jadid Magazine|volume= 5|number= 29|date=Autumn 1999|access-date=22 March 2021}}</ref> Saadawi bụ otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị e jidere n'ụlọ mkpọrọ ụmụ nwanyị Qanatir. Mkpọrọ ya bụ ntọala maka afọ 1983 ya. ''[[Memoirs from the Women's Prison]]'' ({{langx|ar|مذكرات في سجن النساء }}). Mkparịta ụka ya na onye mkpọrọ nọ na Qanatir, afọ itoolu tupu a tụọ ya mkpọrọ ebe ahụ, bụ ihe mkpali maka ọrụ mbụ ya, akwụkwọ akụkọ akpọrọ aha ya bụ ''[[Woman at Point Zero]]'' ({{langx|ar|امرأة عند نقطة الصفر}}, 1975).<ref name="Krajeski, The New Yorker">{{Cite magazine|url=http://www.newyorker.com/books/page-turner/the-books-of-nawal-el-saadawi|title=The Books of Nawal El Saadawi|magazine=[[The New Yorker]]|first=Jenna|last=Krajeski|date=7 March 2011|access-date=31 July 2017}}</ref> === Mkpagbu ndị ọzọ, nkuzi na US, na ngagharị iwe ndị ọzọ mechara mee === Na 1993, mgbe ndị Alakụba na mkpagbu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị yiri ndụ ya egwu, a manyere Saadawi ịgbapụ n'Ijipt. Ọ nabatara onyinye ịkụzi ihe na Ngalaba Asụsụ Eshia na Afrịka nke Mahadum Duke dị na [[North Carolina]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Former Visiting Professor in Court, Under Fire in Egypt|url=https://today.duke.edu/2001/06/el-saadawi629.html|date=29 June 2001|website=Duke Today|publisher=Duke University|access-date=1 April 2021|language=en}}</ref><ref name=BMJ>Dr Dora Carpenter-Latiri, [http://blogs.bmj.com/medical-humanities/2015/11/11/the-reading-room-a-review-of-memoirs-of-a-woman-doctor/ "The Reading Room: A review of ‘Memoirs of a woman doctor{{'"}}], ''BMJ'' Blog, 11 November 2015.</ref> nakwa na Mahadum Washington. O mechara nọrọ n'ọtụtụ kọleji na mahadum ndị a ma ama dịka Mahadum Cairo, Harvard, Yale, [[w:Mahadum Columbia|Columbia]], [[w:Mahadum Paris|Sorbonne]], [[w:Mahadum Georgetown|Georgetown]], Mahadum Steeti Florida, na Mahadum California, Berkeley. Na 1996, ọ laghachiri Ijipt.<ref name="BMJ"/><ref>{{cite web|last=Ling|first= Jessica |url=http://www.warscapes.com/blog/today-history-happy-85th-birthday-nawal-el-saadawi |title=Today in History: Happy 85th Birthday, Nawal El Saadawi!|website=Warscapes|date=27 October 2016}}</ref> Saadawi gara n'ihu na-akwado ya ma chee echiche ịzọ ọkwa na 2005 ntuli aka onyeisiala Ijipt, tupu ọ pụọ n'ihi ihe siri ike achọrọ maka ndị ga-azọ ọkwa nke mbụ.<ref>[https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2005/7/16/egypt-presidential-aspirant-pulls-out "Egypt presidential aspirant pulls out"], AlJazeera, 16 July 2005. Retrieved 21 July 2021.</ref> O so n'ime ndị ngagharị iwe na Tahrir Square na 2011.<ref>{{cite web|first=Elizabeth |last=Rubin|url=http://www.newsweek.com/2011/03/06/the-feminists-in-the-middle-of-tahrir-square.html |title=The Feminists in the Middle of Tahrir Square|work=[[Newsweek]]|date= 6 March 2011}}</ref> O kwuru ka a kwụsị nkuzi okpukperechi n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị Ijipt.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nawal El Saadawi – Illustrated Women in History |url=https://illustratedwomeninhistory.com/nawal-el-saadawi-is-an-egyptian-feminist-writer/ |date=28 October 2015|access-date=15 May 2022 |language=en-US}}</ref> Saadawi was awarded the 2004 North–South Prize by the Council of Europe.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/nscentre/winners_nsp_EN.asp|title=North-South Centre homepage|website=North-South Centre|language=en-GB|access-date=18 March 2018}}</ref> Na Julaị 2016, ọ bụ onyeisi emume akwụkwọ Royal African Society nke akpọrọ "Africa Writes" na London, ebe o kwuru okwu gbasara "On Being a Woman Writer" na mkparịta ụka ya na [[Margaret Busby]].<ref>{{cite web|first=Kelechi |last=Iwumene|url=http://africawrites.org/blog/africa-writes-2016-the-round-up/ |title=Africa Writes 2016: The Round-Up|publisher=Royal African Society|date= July 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://africawrites.org/uncategorized/on-being-a-woman-writer-nawal-el-saadawi-in-conversation-2/ |title=On Being A Woman Writer: Nawal El Saadawi in conversation|website= Africa Writes|publisher=Royal African Society|date= 2 July 2016}}</ref> [[File:Nawal El Saadawi, April 2012 (cropped).jpg|thumb|April 2012]] Na Göteborg Book Fair nke mere na Septemba 27 ruo 30, 2018, Saadawi gara seminar gbasara mmepe na Ijipt na Middle East mgbe Arab Spring gasịrị.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gp.se/kultur/kultur/nawal-el-sadaawi-till-bokm%C3%A4ssan-1.7940393|title=Nawal El Sadaawi till Bokmässan|work=Göteborgs-Posten|language=sv|date=29 August 2018|access-date=10 October 2018}}</ref> ma n'oge okwu ya na mmemme ahụ kwuru na ike ụwa niile "ndị ọchịchị aka ike, ndị isi obodo, ndị ọchịchị alaeze ukwu, ndị na-akpa ókè agbụrụ", nke United States na-edu, jikọrọ aka na gọọmentị Ijipt iji kwụsị mgbanwe Ijipt nke afọ 2011. O kwukwara na ya chetara ịhụ Odeakwụkwọ nke Mba U.S. n'oge ahụ [[Hillary Clinton]] na Tahrir Square ka ọ na-enye ndị ntorobịa akwụkwọ dollar iji gbaa ha ume ka ha votu maka Ụmụnna Ndị Alakụba na ntuli aka na-abịa.,<ref>[https://www.memri.org/tv/egyptian-activist-nawal-saadawi-saw-hillary-clinton-dollars-tahrir-square "Onye na-akwado ikike ụmụnwaanyị Ijipt bụ Nawal El Saadawi: Ahụrụ m Hillary Clinton ka ọ na-enye ego mba Amerịka na Tahrir Square ka ndị mmadụ wee tụọ vootu maka ụmụnna ndị Alakụba"], [[Memri TV]], 30 Septemba 2018</ref> ọ bụ ezie na enweghị ihe akaebe na ihe a a na-ekwu mere. Nawal El Saadawi nwere ọkwa dịka onye dere akwụkwọ maka Kansụl Kasị Elu maka Nkà na Sayensị Mmekọrịta, Cairo; Onyeisi Isi nke Ngalaba Mmụta Ahụike, Ministry of Health, Cairo, Odeakwụkwọ Ukwu nke Medical Association, Cairo, Egypt, na dọkịta na Ụlọ Ọgwụ Mahadum na [[w:Ministry of Health and Population (Egypt)|Ministry of Health]]. Ọ bụ onye hiwere otu agụmakwụkwọ ahụike na otu ndị edemede ụmụ nwanyị Ijipt; ọ bụkwa onyeisi nchịkọta akụkọ nke "Health Magazine" na Cairo, nakwa onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke "Medical Association Magazine".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ipb.org/nawal-el-sadaawi-in-memory/|title=Nawal El Sadaawi – In Memory|first=Ingeborg |last=Breines|author-link=Ingeborg Breines|website=ipb.org|publisher=IPB – International Peace Bureau|access-date=19 February 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gold.ac.uk/news/nawal-el-saadawi-tribute/|title=Tribute to doctor, writer and activist Nawal El Saadawi|website=gold.ac.uk|publisher=[[Goldsmiths University of London]]|date=26 March 2021|access-date=19 February 2024}}</ref> == Ide ihe == [[File:Nawal El Saadawi 02.JPG|thumb|right|Saadawi at the [[Göteborg Book Fair]] in 2010]] Saadawi malitere ide ihe na mbido ọrụ ya. Ihe odide mbụ ya gụnyere ọtụtụ [[akụkọ dị mkpirikpi]] nke akpọrọ ''Amụtara m Ịhụnanya'' (1957) na akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya, ''Memoirs of a Woman Doctor'' (1958). O mechara dee ọtụtụ akwụkwọ akụkọ na obere akụkọ na akwụkwọ ncheta onwe ya, ''Memoir from the Women's Prison'' (1986). E bipụtala Saadawi n'ọtụtụ akwụkwọ akụkọ, a sụgharịkwara ọrụ ya site na Arabic mbụ gaa na ihe karịrị asụsụ 30.<ref>Van Allen, Judith Imel, [https://books.google.com/books?id=fy11AwAAQBAJ&dq=saadawi+translated+into+more+than+30+languages&pg=PT1369 "Saadawi, Nawal El (1931–)"], in Gary L. Anderson and Kathryn G. Herr (eds), ''Encyclopedia of Activism and Social Justice'', Sage Publications, 2007, pp. 1249–1250.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=El Saadawi, Nawal (1932–) {{!}} Encyclopedia.com |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/international/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/el-saadawi-nawal-1932 |access-date=15 May 2022 |website=www.encyclopedia.com}}</ref> Na 1972, o bipụtara akwụkwọ mbụ ya nke anaghị akụkọ ifo, ''Women and Sex'',<ref name="women" /> which evoked the antagonism of highly placed political and [[theological]] authorities.<ref name="Krajeski, The New Yorker" /> O mekwara ka a chụọ ya n'ọrụ na Ministri Ahụike.<ref name="women" /> Ọrụ ndị ọzọ gụnyere ''The Hidden Face of Eve'',<ref>{{cite book |title=The hidden face of Eve : women in the Arab world |oclc=924716956 }}</ref> ''[[God Dies by the Nile]]'',<ref>{{cite book |title=God dies by the Nile |oclc=12583064 }}</ref> ''The Circling Song'',<ref>{{cite book |title=The circling song |oclc=18587928 }}</ref> ''Searching'',<ref>{{cite book |title=Searching |oclc=24707056 }}</ref> ''[[The Fall of the Imam]]'' (a kọwara ya dị ka "mkpughe dị ike ma na-akpali akpali nke ihe egwu ndị ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụaka nwere ike ikpughe site na nkwenkwe okpukpe"),<ref>{{cite journal |first=Philip |last=Womack |author-link=Philip Womack |url=http://newhumanist.org.uk/2119/the-fall-of-the-imam-by-nawal-el-saadawi |title=The Fall of the Imam by Nawal El Saadawi (review) |journal=[[New Humanist]] |date=20 August 2009}}</ref> and ''[[Woman at Point Zero]]''.<!--{{Citation needed|date=March 2021}}--><ref>{{cite book|title=Woman at point zero |oclc=10887569 }}</ref> Ọtụtụ mmadụ akatọọla ọrụ ya bụ 'The Hidden Face of Eve' maka nkwupụta na ọ na-ede maka "onye mba ọzọ na-akatọ onye mba ọzọ".<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=Amireh |first=Amal |date=2000 |title=Framing Nawal El Saadawi: Arab Feminism in a Transnational World |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/495572 |journal=Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=215–249 |doi=10.1086/495572 |s2cid=143010343 |issn=0097-9740|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Aha mbụ nke akwụkwọ ahụ, nke a sụgharịrị ozugbo na Bekee bụ "Ihu Gbara Ọtọ nke Nwanyị Arab" ewepụrụkwa ọtụtụ isiakwụkwọ na mbipụta Bekee nke akwụkwọ ahụ, ma e jiri ya tụnyere nke mbụ nke Arabic ahụ.<ref name=":3" /> O tinyere aka na ihe nkiri "Mgbe nwanyị nupụrụ isi" na akwụkwọ akụkọ nke afọ 1984 ''[[Sisterhood Is Global]]'', nke edeziri site na onye deziri ya [[Robin Morgan]],<ref name="global">{{cite web |url=https://catalog.vsc.edu/lscfind/Record/154795/TOC#tabnav |title=Sisterhood Is Global: Table of Contents |publisher=Catalog.vsc.edu |access-date=15 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208065459/https://catalog.vsc.edu/lscfind/Record/154795/TOC#tabnav |archive-date=8 December 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ma bụrụ onye tinyere aka na nchịkọta akụkọ nke afọ 2019 ''[[New Daughters of Africa]]'', edited by [[Margaret Busby]], nke gụnyere edemede ya "Banyere M n'Africa—Ndọrọ Ndọrọ Ọchịchị na Okpukpe n'oge Nwatakịrị M".<ref>[[Imani Perry|Perry, Imani]] (29 March 2019), [https://www.ft.com/content/2a4e64a8-508a-11e9-8f44-fe4a86c48b33 "New Daughters of Africa — a new anthology of a groundbreaking book"], ''[[Financial Times]]''.</ref><ref>Rocker-Clinton, Johnna (August 2019), [https://sanfranciscobookreview.com/product/new-daughters-of-africa-an-international-anthology-of-writing-by-women-of-african-descent/ "Margaret Busby does it again!"] (review of ''New Daughters of Africa: An International Anthology of Writing by Women of African Descent''), ''San Francisco Book Review''.</ref> E bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ Saadawi nke akpọrọ 'Zeina' na Lebanọn n'afọ 2009. E bipụtara nsụgharị French ahụ n'okpuru aha njirimara Nawal Zeinab el Sayed, site na iji aha nne ya mbụ.<ref>{{cite news|title=Radical writer back with vengeance|url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/world/africa/radical-writer-back-with-vengeance-1.486421/|work= The National|access-date=17 November 2014|date=7 September 2009}}</ref> Saadawi na-asụ asụsụ [[asụsụ Bekee|Bekee]] nke ọma, tinyere obodo ya.Egyptian Arabic.<ref>{{cite web|first=Hans Ulrich |last=Obrist|url=http://www.e-flux.com/journal/42/60256/in-conversation-with-nawal-el-saadawi/ |title=In Conversation with Nawal El Saadawi|website=e-flux Journal|number=42|date= February 2013}}</ref> Dịka o si dee ya n'asụsụ Arabic, ọ hụrụ ajụjụ nke ịtụgharị asụsụ Bekee ma ọ bụ French dị ka "nnukwu nsogbu" nke jikọtara ya na eziokwu ahụ bụ na <blockquote>"ike ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya bụ nke Bekee ma ọ bụ French na-asụkarị.... Ndị nwere nnukwu akwụkwọ n'ụwa ka na-eleghara m anya, n'ihi na m na-ede ihe n'asụsụ Arabic, nakwa n'ihi na m na-akatọ echiche ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya, nke onye na-achị obodo, nke onye na-akpa ókè agbụrụ, na nke ndị nna ochie nke ndị ọchịchị ukwu."<ref>{{cite web|first=Dele Meiji |last=Fatunla|url=http://newafricanmagazine.com/nawal-el-saadawi-identity-not-fixed/ |title=Nawal El Saadawi: 'My identity is not fixed'|magazine=[[New African]]|date= 30 June 2016}}</ref></blockquote> Akwụkwọ ya ''Mufakirat Tifla fi Al-Khamisa wa Al-Thamaneen''(Akwụkwọ Ndetu nke Nwa agbọghọ dị afọ 85), nke dabere na ihe e dere n'akwụkwọ akụkọ ya, ka e bipụtara n'afọ 2017.<ref>{{cite web|first=Mahmoud |last=El-Wardani|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/18/62/273741/Books/Review/At-,-Nawal-ElSaadawi-writes-about-Nawal-ElSaadawi.aspx |title=At 85, Nawal El-Saadawi writes about Nawal El-Saadawi|website=Ahram Online|date= 5 August 2017}}</ref> == Echiche == ===Mmegide megide mmebi akụkụ ahụ nwoke na nwanyị=== Mgbe ọ dị obere, Saadawi mere usoro nke ebe ụmụ nwanyị na-ebipụ akụkụ ahụ ha.<ref>el-Saadawi, Nawal, ''The Hidden Face of Eve'', Part 1: The Mutilated Half.</ref> Mgbe ọ bụ okenye, o dere gbasara omume a ma katọọ ya. O zara ọnwụ nke otu nwa agbọghọ dị afọ iri na abụọ, Bedour Shaker, n'oge a na-eme ịwa ahụ maka ibi úgwù n'ime akụkụ ahụ mmadụ na 2007 site n'ide ihe: "Bedour, ị̀ nwụrụ anwụ ka ìhè wee nwuo n'uche ndị gbara ọchịchịrị? Ị ga-eji ndụ gị dị oké ọnụ ahịa kwụọ ụgwọ ... ka ndị dọkịta na ndị ụkọchukwu mụta na okpukpe ziri ezi anaghị ebipụ akụkụ ahụ ụmụaka?"<ref>Michael, Maggie, [http://www.physorg.com/news102393179.html "Egypt Officials Ban Female Circumcision"<!-- Bot generated title -->], Phys.org, 30 June 2007. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070702171148/http://www.physorg.com/news102393179.html |date=2 July 2007 }}.</ref> Dịka dọkịta na onye na-akwado ikike mmadụ, Saadawi megidere ibi ụmụ nwoke úgwù. O kwenyere na ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị kwesịrị ka e chebe ha pụọ ​​na mmebi akụkụ ahụ ha.<ref name="theglobaldispatches">{{cite web|url=http://www.theglobaldispatches.com/articles/nawal-al-saadawi|first=Allston|last=Mitchell|title=Nawal al Saadawi|work=The Global Dispatches|date=16 May 2010|access-date=12 February 2014|archive-date=7 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170707223358/http://www.theglobaldispatches.com/articles/nawal-al-saadawi|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Ọchịchị mmadụ na Feminism === Saadawi kọwara onwe ya dị ka "onye na-akwado ụmụnwaanyị na soshal midia", na-ekwere na a pụghị imeri ọgụ ụmụnwaanyị n'okpuru ọchịchị kapitalizim.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Fawzy |first=Mary |date=7 May 2021 |title=The socialist feminism of Nawal El Saadawi |url=https://www.newframe.com/the-socialist-feminism-of-nawal-el-saadawi/ |access-date=22 December 2022 |website=New Frame}}</ref> Nkwenye a nke ndị otu ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya apụtala site n'ikpe na-ezighị ezi ọ hụrụ ná ndụ ya.<ref name=":4" /> N'akwụkwọ ya bụ 'The Zoro Ezo nke Eve', o dere gbasara otu a na-agaghị esi kewapụ ndụ mmekọahụ na nke mmetụta uche nke ndị mmadụ na ndụ akụnụba ha na mmepụta ha, ya mere iwu ọnọdụ onwe onye na mba Arab ga-abụrịrị ihe kacha mkpa nye ndị socialist.<ref>{{Citation |chapter=Introduction |date=2015 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350251076.0006 |title=The Hidden Face of Eve |publisher=Zed Books |doi=10.5040/9781350251076.0006 |isbn=978-0-90576-251-7 |access-date=22 December 2022|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name=":4" /> N'ajụjụ ọnụ a gbara ya na 2018, o kwuru na ya abụghị onye Marxist, ebe ọ gụchara akwụkwọ ya nke ọ chọpụtara na ọ na-enwe nsogbu na ya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nawal El Saadawi on feminism, fiction and the illusion of democracy |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=djMfFU7DIB8 |language=en |publisher=[[Channel 4 News]]|via=YouTube|date=13 June 2018|access-date=22 December 2022}}</ref> ===Okpukperechi=== N'ajụjụ ọnụ ya nke afọ 2014, Saadawi kwuru na "isi ihe kpatara mmegbu ụmụ nwanyị dị n'usoro ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya zuru ụwa ọnụ, nke okpukperechi kwadoro".<ref>{{Cite web|title = They don't want any really courageous people!|url = http://en.qantara.de/content/interview-with-nawal-el-saadawi-they-dont-want-any-really-courageous-people|website = Qantara.de - Dialogue with the Islamic World|access-date =5 November 2015|last = Fariborz|first = Arian|date =5 July 2014}}</ref> Mgbe ọtụtụ narị mmadụ nwụrụ n'ihe a kpọrọ [[2015 Mina stampede|"stampede" n'oge njem njem 2015]] (Hajj) nke ndị Alakụba gaa [[Mecca]], Saudi Arabia, o kwuru, sị: <blockquote>"Ha na-ekwu maka ịgbanwe ụzọ e si achịkwa Hajj, gbasara ime ka ndị mmadụ na-eme njem n'obere ìgwè. Ihe ha na-ekwughị bụ na ihe a mere n'ihi na ndị a na-alụ ọgụ ịtụ ekwensu nkume. Gịnị mere ha ji kwesị ịtụ ekwensu nkume? Gịnị mere ha ji kwesị isusu nkume ojii ahụ ọnụ? Mana ọ dịghị onye ga-ekwu nke a. Ndị mgbasa ozi agaghị ebipụta ya. Gịnị ka ọ bụ, enweghị mmasị ịkatọ okpukpe? ... Ọjụjụ a ịkatọ okpukpe ... abụghị liberalism. Nke a bụ mmachibido iwu."<ref name=Cooke /></blockquote> O kwuru na ihe ndị dị na Hajj, dịka isusu Okute Ojii ọnụ, nwere mgbọrọgwụ ndị ọgọ mmụọ tupu okpukpe Islam.<ref>Fiona Lloyd-Davies, [https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/correspondent/1619902.stm "No compromise"], ''Correspondent'', BBC News, 26 October 2001.</ref> Saadawi was involved in the academic exploration of [[Arab identity]] throughout her writing career.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Hanadi|first1=Al-Samman|title=Diasporic Na(rra)tions: Arab Women Rewriting Exile|date=2000|publisher=[[Indiana University]]|page=25}}</ref> Saadawi kọwara mkpuchi ihu nke ndị Alakụba dị ka "ngwaọrụ mmegbu ụmụ nwanyị".<ref name="theglobaldispatches" /> ===Ebumnuche nke ụmụ nwanyị=== Ọ katọrọkwa ihe megidere ihe ndị e ji mara ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ nwanyị n'usoro mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya nke a na-ahụkarị na Yuropu na US,<ref>{{cite book|last1=El Saadawi|first1=Nawal|title=The Nawal El Saadawi Reader|publisher=Zed Books|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r9SPVEG3cv0C|date=1997|isbn=9781856495141|access-date=8 April 2015}}</ref> na-akpasu ndị otu nwanyị ibe ha iwe site n'ikwu okwu megide etemeete na uwe ndị na-ekpughe ihe.<ref name=taylor/> ===United States=== N'okwu nkuzi nke afọ 2002 na [[Mahadum California na Berkeley's Center for Middle Eastern Studies]], Saadawi kọwara agha nke US duziri megide Afghanistan dị ka "agha iji mee ihe n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi na mmanụ dị na mpaghara ahụ", na amụma mba ofesi nke US na nkwado ya nye Israel dị ka "ezigbo iyi ọha egwu.".<ref>{{cite web|last1=Pasquini|first1=Elaine|title=El Saadawi Calls U.S. Foreign Policy 'Real Terrorism'|url=https://www.questia.com/magazine/1P3-110120822/el-saadawi-calls-u-s-foreign-policy-real-terrorism|via=|work=Washington Report on Middle East Affairs|date=March 2002|access-date=|archive-date=9 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160409040731/https://www.questia.com/magazine/1P3-110120822/el-saadawi-calls-u-s-foreign-policy-real-terrorism|url-status=dead}}</ref> Saadawi held the opinion that Egyptians are forced into poverty by US aid.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Nielsen|first1=Nikolaj|title=Nawal El Saadawi: 'I am against stability. We need revolution'|url=http://chronikler.com/middle-east/egypt/nawal-el-saadawi-interview/|access-date=19 November 2014|work=The Chronikler|date=11 July 2013}}</ref> ==Fim== Saadawi bụ isiokwu nke ihe nkiri "She Speaked the Unspeakable", nke [[Jill Nicholls]] duziri, nke a na-agbasa na February 2017 na usoro ihe nkiri telivishọn [[BBC One]] ''[[Imagine (usoro ihe nkiri TV)|Imagine]]''.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b08g7hr8 "She Spoke the Unspeakable"], BBC One, ''Imagine'', Winter 2017. [http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x5cu7f1 Via] [[Dailymotion]].</ref> ==Ọnwụ== Saadawi nwụrụ n'abalị iri abụọ na otu nke ọnwa Maachị afọ 2021, mgbe ọ dị afọ iri asatọ na itoolu, n'ụlọọgwụ dị na Cairo.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://english.ahram.org.eg/News/407474.aspx|title=Renowned Egyptian feminist, author Nawal El-Saadawi dies at the age of 89|website=[[Ahram Online]]|first=Mohammed |last=Saad |date=21 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://egyptianstreets.com/2021/03/21/pioneering-egyptian-feminist-nawal-el-saadawi-dies-aged-89/|title=Pioneering Egyptian Feminist Nawal El Saadawi Dies Aged 89|website=[[Egyptian Streets]]|date=21 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/1829281/offbeat |title=Arab author, women's rights icon Nawal El-Saadawi dies in Cairo |website=Arab News |date=21 March 2021 }}</ref> Her life was commemorated on [[BBC Radio 4]]'s obituary programme ''[[Last Word]]''.<ref>{{cite episode| title= Nawal El Saadawi (pictured), Brigadier Jack Thomas, President John Magufuli, Ion Mihai Pacepa| series= [[Last Word]]| credits= Producer: Neil George; Interviewed guests: [[Mona Eltahawy]], Sally Nabil| station= BBC Radio 4| airdate= 26 March 2021| url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/m000tg67 | access-date= 28 March 2021 }}</ref> ==Ihe nrite na nsọpụrụ ahọpụtara== *2004: [[North–South Prize site na [[Council of Europe]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.coe.int/en/web/north-south-centre/previous-laureates-of-the-north-south-prize|title=Previous laureates of the North-South Prize|publisher=Council of Europe|website=coe.int}}</ref> *2005: Inana International Prize, Belgium<ref name="auto1"/> *2007: Honorary Doctorate, [[Vrije Universiteit Brussel]], Belgium<ref>{{cite book|chapter-url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-1-137-58730-5_4|publisher=Nawal El Saadawi|doi=10.1007/978-1-137-58730-5_4|title=Diary of a Child Called Souad|year=2016|last1=El Saadawi|first1=Nawal|chapter=Nawal el Saadawi and a History of Oppression: Brief Biographical Facts |pages=153–158|isbn=978-1-137-58936-1}}</ref> *2007: Honorary Doctorate, [[Université libre de Bruxelles]], Belgium<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ulb.be/en/about-ulb/ulbs-honorary-doctorates|title=ULB's honorary doctorates|website=ulb.be|publisher=Université libre de Bruxelles}}</ref> *2010: Honorary Doctorate, [[National Autonomous University of Mexico]], Mexico<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.barrons.com/news/author-physician-nawal-el-saadawi-egypt-s-critic-of-taboos-01616337305?tesla=y|title=Author, Physician Nawal El-Saadawi, Egypt's Critic Of Taboos|website=barrons.com|first=Farid|last= Farid|publisher=Barron's|date=21 March 2021}}</ref> *2011: [[Stig Dagerman Prize]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://blog.svd.se/kultur/2012/01/09/motvillig-el-saadawi-far-dagermanpriset/ |title=Motvillig El Saadawi får Dagermanpriset |work=[[SvD]] |language=sv |date=9 January 2012 |access-date=27 October 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aftonbladet.se/kultur/article14833794.ab |title=Lydnad är ett dödligt gift |work=Kultur |language=sv |date=15 May 2012 |access-date=27 October 2012}}</ref> *2012: [[Seán MacBride Peace Prize]]<ref name="auto2"/> *2015: [[BBC's 100 Women]]<ref name="bbc">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-34745739|title=BBC 100 Women 2015: Who is on the list?|date=17 November 2015|work=BBC News|access-date=3 August 2019|language=en-GB}}</ref> *2020: ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]''{{'}}s 100 Women of the Year (1981)<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://time.com/5793662/nawal-el-saadawi-100-women-of-the-year/ |title=1981: Nawal El Saadawi |magazine=Time |date=5 March 2020 }}</ref> ==Ọrụ ndị ahọpụtara== Saadawi dere ihe nke ọma, wee tinye ụfọdụ n'ime ọrụ ya n'ịntanetị.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Amireh |first=Amal |date=2000 |title=Framing Nawal El Saadawi: Arab Feminism in a Transnational World |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3175385 |journal=Signs |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=215–249 |doi=10.1086/495572 |jstor=3175385 |s2cid=143010343 |issn=0097-9740|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Saiti |first1=Ramzi |last2=Salti |first2=Ramzi M. |date=1994 |title=Paradise, Heaven, and Other Oppressive Spaces: A Critical Examination of the Life and Works of Nawal el-Saadawi |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4183334 |journal=Journal of Arabic Literature |volume=25 |issue=2 |pages=152–174 |doi=10.1163/157006494X00059 |jstor=4183334 |issn=0085-2376|url-access=subscription }}</ref> '''Akwụkwọ akụkọ na akwụkwọ akụkọ''' * ''Mudhakkirat tabiba'' (Cairo, 1958). ''Memoirs of a Woman Doctor'', trans. [[Catherine Cobham]] (Saqi Books, 1988) * ''Al ghayib'' (Cairo, 1965). ''Searching'', trans. Shirley Eber (Zed Books, 1991) * ''Imra'tani fi-Imra'a'' (Cairo, 1968). ''Two Women in One'', trans. [[Osman Nusairi]] and Jana Gough (Saqi Books, 1985) * ''Maut ar-raǧul al-waḥīd ʿala ‚l-arḍ'' (1974). ''[[God Dies by the Nile]]'', trans. [[Sherif Hetata]] (Zed Books, 1985) * ''Al-khait wa'ayn al-hayat'' (Cairo, 1976). ''The Well of Life and the Thread: Two Short Novels'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Lime Tree, 1993) * ''Ughniyat al-atfal al da iriyah'' (Beirut: Dar al-Adab, 1977). ''The Circling Song'', trans. Marilyn Booth (Zed Books, 1989) * ''Emra'a enda noktat el sifr'' (Beirut: Dar al-Adab, 1977). ''[[Woman at Point Zero]]'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Zed Books, 1983) * ''Mawt Ma'ali al-Wazir Sabiqan'' (1980). ''Death of an Ex-Minister'', trans. Shirley Eber (Methuen, 1987) * ''Suqūṭ al-imām'' (Cairo, 1987). ''[[The Fall of the Imam]]'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Methuen, 1988) * ''Jann āt wa-Iblīs'' (Beirut, 1992). ''The Innocence of the Devil'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Methuen, 1994) * ''Ḥubb fī zaman al-naf̣t'' (Cairo, 1993). ''Love in the Kingdom of Oil'', trans. [[Basil Hatim]] and Malcolm Williams (Saqi Books, 2001) * ''Al-Riwayah'' (Cairo: Dar El Hilal, 2004). ''The Novel'', trans. [[Omnia Amin]] and [[Rick London]] (Interlink Books, 2009) * ''Zeina'' (Beirut: Dar Al Saqi, 2009). ''Zeina'', trans. [[Amira Nowaira]] (Saqi Books, 2011) '''Nchịkọta akụkọ dị mkpirikpi''' * ''Ta'allamt al-hubb'' (Cairo, 1957). ''I Learned Love'' * ''Lahzat sidq'' (Cairo, 1959). ''Moment of Truth'' * ''Little Tenderness'' (Cairo, 1960) * ''al-Khayt wa-l-jidar'' (1972). ''The Thread and the Wall'' * ''Ain El Hayat'' (Beirut, 1976) * ''Kānat hiya al-aḍʻaf'' ["She Was the Weaker"] (1979). ''She Has No Place in Paradise'', trans. Shirley Eber (Methuen, 1987). Includes three additional stories: "She Has No Place in Paradise", "Two Women Friends", and "'Beautiful'". * ''Adab Am Kellet Abad'' (Cairo, 2000) '''Egwuregwu''' * ''Ithna 'ashar imra'a fi zinzana wahida'' (Cairo, 1984). ''Twelve Women in a Cell'' * ''Isis'' (Cairo, 1985) * ''God Resigns in the Summit Meeting'' (1996), published by Madbouli, and four other plays included in her ''Collected Works'' (45 books in Arabic), Cairo: Madbouli, 2007 * ''Twelve Women in a Cell: Plays by Mediterranean Women'' (Aurora Metro Books, 1994) '''Ihe ncheta''' * ''Mudhakkirat fi Sijn al-Nisa'' (Cairo, 1983). ''Memoirs from the Women's Prison'', trans. Marilyn Booth ([[The Women's Press]], 1986) * ''Rihlati hawla al-'alam'' (Cairo, 1986). ''My Travels Around the World'', trans. Shirley Eber (Methuen, 1991) * ''Memoirs of a Child Called Soad'' (Cairo, 1990) * ''Awraqi hayati'', first volume (Cairo, 1995). ''A Daughter of Isis'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Zed Books, 1999) * ''Awraqi hayati'', second volume (Cairo, 1998). ''Walking Through Fire'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Zed Books, 2002) * ''My Life, Part III'' (Cairo, 2001) '''Akụkọ na-abụghị akụkọ ifo''' * ''Women and Sex'' (Cairo, 1969) * ''Woman Is the Origin'' (Cairo, 1971) * ''Men and Sex'' (Cairo, 1973) * ''The Naked Face of Arab Women'' (Cairo, 1974) * ''Women and Neurosis'' (Cairo, 1975) * ''Al-Wajh al-'ari lil-mar'a al-'arabiyy'' (1977). ''The Hidden Face of Eve: Women in the Arab World'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Zed Press, 1980) * ''On Women'' (Cairo, 1986) * ''A New Battle in Arab Women Liberation'' (Cairo, 1992) * ''Collection of Essays'' (Cairo, 1998) * ''Collection of Essays'' (Cairo, 2001) * ''Breaking Down Barriers'' (Cairo, 2004) '''Compilations in English''' * ''Plays by Mediterranean Women'' (Aurora Metro Books, 1994, {{ISBN|978-0-9515877-3-7}}) * ''North/South: The Nawal El Saadawi Reader'' (Zed Books, 1997) * ''Off Limits: New Writings on Fear and Sin'' (Gingko Library, 2019, {{ISBN|978-88-87847-16-1}}) == Hụkwa ==   *   *   *   * Thesis/dissertation.  <templatestyles src="Module:Side box/styles.css"></templatestyles> * Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Nawal El Saadawi na archive.org * Adele Newson-Horst, "[https://www.worldliteraturetoday.org/blog/literary-tributes/remembering-nawal-el-saadawi-adele-newson-horst "Ịcheta Nawal El Saadawi"]", World Literature Today, 24 March 2021. * [[Ernest Emenyonu]], "NAWAL EL SAADAWI: Ndụ na edemede (Ọktoba 27, 1931 - Machị 21, 2021) ", Boydell na Brewer, 13 Mee 2021. [[Otú:Articles with hCards]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] icfpn4kfkcpz6ikrtktvnpt8v3q6r8d 736863 736862 2026-10-08T13:07:49Z Adimora chidinma 15845 /* Mkpọrọ */ 736863 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}   '''Nawal El Saadawi''' ({{langx|ar|نوال السعداوي}}, {{ALA-LC|arz|Nawāl as-Saʿdāwī}};27 Ọktoba 1931 – 21 Maachị 2021) bụ onye edemede feminist nke Ijipt, activist, disciatist, na psychiatrist. O dere ọtụtụ akwụkwọ gbasara ụmụ nwanyị na Islam, na-elekwasị anya n'okwu ndị metụtara ụmụ nwanyị na Global South, gụnyere sexuality, patriarchy social class, na colonialism.<ref name=":3" /> Ọ bụ onye hiwere ma bụrụkwa onyeisi oche nke otu Arab Women's Solidarity Association.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2 March 2015|title=Nawal El Saadawi|url=https://orgs.law.harvard.edu/womeninspiringchange/2015-honorees/nawal-el-saadawi/|access-date=9 October 2020|website=Women Inspiring Change|language=en-US|archive-date=18 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201218120145/https://orgs.law.harvard.edu/womeninspiringchange/2015-honorees/nawal-el-saadawi/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>Hitchcock, Peter; El Saadawi, Nawal; Hatata, Sherif. "Living the Struggle". ''Transition'' 61 (1993): 170–179.</ref> Ọ bụkwa onye hiwere Arab Association for Human Rights.<ref>Nawal El Saadawi, "Presentation by Nawal El Saadawi: President's Forum, M/MLA Annual Convention, November 4, 1999", ''The Journal of the Midwest Modern Language Association'' 33.3–34.1 (Autumn 2000 – Winter 2001): 34–39.</ref> O nwetara akara ugo mmụta nsọpụrụ site na mahadum dị na kọntinent atọ. Na 2004, Kọnsụl nke Yuropu nyere ya North–South Prize. Na 2005, o nwetara ihe nrite mba ụwa Inana na Belgium.<ref name="auto1">[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jue04c1_wkY "PEN World Voices Arthur Miller Freedom to Write Lecture by Nawal El Saadawi"], YouTube. 8 September 2009.</ref> Na 2012, International Peace Bureau nyere ya onyinye Seán MacBride Peace Prize.<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web|title=International Peace Bureau|url=http://www.ipb.org/web/index.php?mostra=news&menu=home&id_nom=IPB+to+award+2012+Sean+MacBride+Peace+Prize+to+Nawal+El-Sadaawi+and+Lina+Ben+Mhenni|website=www.ipb.org|access-date=25 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925221701/http://www.ipb.org/web/index.php?mostra=news&menu=home&id_nom=IPB+to+award+2012+Sean+MacBride+Peace+Prize+to+Nawal+El-Sadaawi+and+Lina+Ben+Mhenni|archive-date=25 September 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ndụ mbido == A mụrụ Saadawi, onye nke abụọ n'ime ụmụ itoolu, na 27 Ọktoba 1931 n'obodo nta dị na [[Kafr Tahla]], [[Egypt]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/mar/22/nawal-el-saadawi-obituary|title=Nawal El Saadawi obituary|date=22 March 2021|first=Sarah A|last= Smith|website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Elkhatib |first1=Sameh |title=Egyptian feminist and author el-Saadawi dies at 89 |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/egyptian-feminist-author-el-saadawi-dies-89-2021-03-22/ |website=Reuters |access-date=24 March 2026}}</ref> E mere Saadawi ebe ụmụ nwanyị bi n'ime akụkụ ahụ ha <ref name=Khaleeli /> at the age of six,<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last1=Sa'dawi|first1=Nawal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I9vqMossOjoC|title=A Daughter of Isis: The Autobiography of Nawal El Saadawi|last2=Saadawi|first2=Nawal El|last3=Saʻdāwī|first3=Nawāl|last4=Saʿdāwī|first4=Nawāl as-|date=1999|publisher=[[Zed Books]]|isbn=978-1-85649-680-3|pages=63–87|language=en}}</ref> ọ bụ ezie na nna ya kwenyere na ụmụ agbọghọ na ụmụ nwoke kwesịrị ịgụ akwụkwọ. O kwuru na nne na nna ya bụ ndị nwere nnwere onwe mgbe ha na-etolite.<ref name=":1"/> Nna ya Upper Egypt bụ onye ọrụ gọọmentị na [[w:Ministry of Education (Egypt)|Ministry of Education]], onye lụsoro ọgụ megide British rebel Egypt n'oge Egypt Revolution of 1919. N'ihi ya, a chụpụrụ ya n'obodo nta dị na Naịl, gọọmentị ekweghịkwa ịkwalite ya ruo afọ 10. Ọ bụ onye na-aga n'ihu ma kụziere nwa ya nwanyị ịkwanyere onwe ya ùgwù na ikwu okwu n'uche ya. Ọ gbakwara ya ume ka ọ mụọ asụsụ Arabik. Agbanyeghị, mgbe El Saadawi dị afọ 10, ezinụlọ ya gbalịrị ime ka ọ lụọ di, mana nne ya kwadoro ya n'ịjụ.<ref name=taylor>{{Cite news |title=Nawal El Saadawi: Feminist firebrand who dared to write dangerously (obituary) |last=Taylor-Coleman |first=Jasmine |website=BBC News |date=21 March 2021 |url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-55048245}}</ref> Both her parents died at a young age,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Nawal El Saadawi|url=http://faculty.webster.edu/woolflm/saadawi.html|access-date=25 September 2015|website=faculty.webster.edu|archive-date=2 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170602080913/http://faculty.webster.edu/woolflm/saadawi.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>{{Unreliable source?|date=September 2021|sure=y|reason=This is an unpublished undergraduate student assignment paper}} na-ahapụ Saadawi naanị ibu ọrụ nke ilekọta ezinụlọ buru ibu.<ref name="bornexile">{{Cite web |url=http://www.nawalsaadawi.net/oldsite/articlesnawal/bornexile.htm |title=Exile and Resistance |first=Nawal |last=El Saadaw|website=Nawal El Saadawi/Sherif Hetata |date=November 2002|access-date=23 June 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091027223127/http://www.nawalsaadawi.net/oldsite/articlesnawal/bornexile.htm |archive-date=27 October 2009 |url-status=usurped }}</ref> Nne ya, Zaynab, sitere n'agbụrụ bara ọgaranya [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]];<ref>{{cite news|last=Cowell|first=Alan |author-link=Alan Cowell |year=2021|title=Nawal El Saadawi, Advocate for Women in the Arab World, Dies at 89 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/21/obituaries/nawal-el-saadawi-dead.html|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|quote=Nawal El Saadawi was born on Oct. 27, 1931, in the village of Kafr Tahla, a settlement in the lower Nile Delta, the second of nine children. Her mother, Zaynab (Shoukry) El Saadawi, was partially descended from a wealthy Ottoman family. Her father, Al-Sayed El Saadawi, was an official in the government’s education ministry. }}</ref> Saadawi kọwara nna nna ya nke nne ya, Shoukry,<ref>{{cite book|first=Nawal|last= El Saadawi|year=2013|title=A Daughter of Isis: The Early Life of Nawal El Saadawi|publisher=Zed Books|isbn=978-1848136403}}</ref> na nne nne ya dị ka onye Ottoman si malite.<ref name="CaliforniaUni">{{citation|first=Nawal|last= El Saadawi|year=1986|title=Memoirs from the Women's Prison|publisher=University of California Press|page=64|quote= "My eyes widened in astonishment. Even my maternal grandmother used to sing, although she was born to a Turkish mother and lived in my grandfather's house in the epoch when harems still existed." |isbn=0520088883}}</ref> Ọbụna mgbe ọ bụ nwata, ọ katọrọ obodo ndị nwoke bi na ya, ebe ụmụ nwoke ji ha kpọrọ ihe karịa ụmụ nwanyị, na-emeghachi omume n'iwe nye nne nne ya, onye kwuru na "nwoke bara uru ụmụ nwanyị iri na ise ma ọ dịkarịa ala... Ụmụ agbọghọ bụ nsogbu".<ref name=taylor/> O ji nganga kọwaa onwe ya dị ka nwanyị Ijipt [[agba ọchịchịrị]] kemgbe ọ dị obere.<ref>{{Citation|url=https://zora.medium.com/my-childhood-in-egypt-not-knowing-i-was-in-africa-27580b07a93b|title=My Childhood in Egypt, Not Knowing I Was in Africa|first=Nawal|last=El Saadawi|website=zora.medium.com|date=13 June 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=New Daughters of Africa|chapter=About Me in Africa—Politics and Religion in my Childhood|editor-first=Margaret|first=El Saadawi|last=Nawal|editor-last=Busby|publisher=[[Myriad Editions]]|edition=paperback|pages=42–44|date=2020}}</ref> == Career == Saadawi graduated as a medical doctor in 1955 from [[Cairo University]]. That year, she married Ahmed Helmi, whom she met as a fellow student in medical school. They have a daughter, Mona Helmi.<ref name=Khaleeli/> The marriage ended after two years.<ref name=JoISR>{{cite journal|first=Yusuf|last=Koseli|title=A PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH TO THE NOVEL OF NAWAL EL SAADAWI TITLED MÜZEKKİRAT TABİBE|journal=The Journal of International Social Research|date=2013|volume=6|issue=28|url=http://www.sosyalarastirmalar.com/cilt6/cilt6sayi28_pdf/koseli_yusuf.pdf|access-date=15 April 2020}}</ref><ref name=Khaleeli>{{Cite web|title = Nawal El Saadawi: Egypt's radical feminist|url = https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2010/apr/15/nawal-el-saadawi-egyptian-feminist|website =The Guardian|date= 15 April 2010|access-date =15 April 2020|first = Homa|last = Khaleeli}}</ref> Through her medical practice, she observed women's physical and psychological problems and connected them with oppressive cultural practices, patriarchal oppression, class oppression and imperialist oppression.<ref name="women">[http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/1999/462/women.htm Feminism in a nationalist century] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100419040800/http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/1999/462/women.htm |date=19 April 2010 }}</ref> Her second husband was a colleague, Rashad Bey.<ref name=JoISR/><ref>{{cite thesis|url=https://www.academia.edu/23224495|title=Voice of Oppressed from the Margins: A Critical Reading on Nawal El Saadawi's "Woman at Point Zero"|last=Puthiyakath|first=Hashim H.|publisher=[[Central University of Tamil Nadu]]|access-date=15 April 2020}}</ref> While working as a doctor in her birthplace of Kafr Tahla, she observed the hardships and inequalities faced by rural women. After attempting to protect one of her patients from [[domestic violence]], Saadawi was summoned back to Cairo. She eventually became the Director of the Ministry of [[public health|Public Health]] and met her third husband, [[Sherif Hatata]], while sharing an office in the Ministry of Health. Hatata, also a medical doctor and writer, had been a [[political prisoner]] for 13 years. They married in 1964 and have a son.<ref name="bornexile"/><ref name=Khaleeli/> Saadawi and Hatata lived together for 43 years<ref name=Cooke>{{cite web|last1=Cooke|first1=Rachel|title=Nawal El Saadawi: 'Do you feel you are liberated? I feel I am not'|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/oct/11/nawal-el-saadawi-interview-do-you-feel-you-are-liberated-not|work=[[The Observer]]|date=11 October 2015|access-date=15 April 2020}}</ref> and divorced in 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/18/62/99644/Books/Review/ElSaadawi-and-Hatata-Voyage-of-a-lifetime.aspx|title=El-Saadawi and Hatata: Voyage of a lifetime|date=24 April 2014|publisher=Ahram Online|first=Mahmoud |last=El-Wardani|access-date=15 April 2020}}</ref> [[File:Shirin Ershadi, Shirin Ebadi and Nawal el-Saadawi (2413951897).jpg|thumb|[[Shirin Ershadi]], [[Shirin Ebadi]] and Nawal el-Saadawi]] Saadawi attended [[Columbia University]], earning a master's degree in public health in 1966.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Smith|first=Harrison|date=23 March 2021|title=Nawal El Saadawi, Egyptian author, physician and feminist activist, dies at 89|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/nawal-el-saadawi-dead/2021/03/23/43c7c250-8b19-11eb-a730-1b4ed9656258_story.html|access-date=16 June 2021}}</ref> In 1972, she published ''Woman and Sex'' ({{lang|ar|المرأة والجنس}}), confronting and contextualising various aggressions perpetrated against women's bodies, including female circumcision. The book became a foundational text of [[second-wave feminism]]. As a consequence of the book and her political activities, Saadawi was dismissed from her position at the Ministry of Health.<ref name="women" /> She also lost her positions as chief editor of a health journal, and as Assistant General Secretary in the Medical Association in Egypt. From 1973 to 1976, Saadawi worked on researching women and [[neurosis]] in [[Ain Shams University]]'s Faculty of Medicine. From 1979 to 1980, she was the [[United Nations]] Advisor for the Women's Programme in Africa (ECA) and the Middle East (ECWA).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://scholarblogs.emory.edu/postcolonialstudies/2014/06/11/saadawi-nawal-el-2/|title=Saadawi, Nawal el – Postcolonial Studies|website=scholarblogs.emory.edu|language=en-US|access-date=31 July 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r9SPVEG3cv0C&q=Nawal+Saadawi+united+nations+advisor+1979&pg=PR1|title=The Nawal El Saadawi Reader|last=Saʻdāwī|first=Nawāl|date=15 December 1997|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=9781856495141|language=en}}</ref> === Court cases against her === In 2002 a legal attempt was made by Nabih el-Wahsh in an Egyptian Court to legally divorce el-Saadawi from her husband on account of [[hisbah|hesba]], a 9th-century principle of [[shariah law]], that allows for the conviction of Muslims who are seen to be harming Islam. The evidence used against her was a March interview in which el-Wahsh claims was proof she had abandoned Islam. The legal attempt was unsuccessful.<ref name=Khaleeli /><ref>{{Cite web |date=18 June 2001 |title=Cairo writer threatened with divorce |url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2001/jun/18/internationaleducationnews.highereducation |access-date=22 December 2022 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref> In 2008, a similar attempt was made to strip el-Saadawi of her Egyptian nationality due to her radical opinions and writing, this attempt was also unsuccessful.<ref name=Khaleeli /> === Mkpọrọ === Kemgbe gọọmentị Ijipt lere ya anya dị ka ihe na-ese okwu ma dị ize ndụ, Saadawi nyere aka bipụta akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị otu nwanyị na 1981 nke akpọrọ ''Confrontation.'' President of Egypt Anwar Sadat tụrụ ya mkpọrọ na Septemba.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Uglow|first1=Jennifer S.|author2=Maggy Hendry|title=The Northeastern Dictionary of Women's Biography|url=https://archive.org/details/northeasterndict0000uglo|url-access=registration|year=1999|publisher=Northeastern University Press|isbn= 9781555534219|pages=[https://archive.org/details/northeasterndict0000uglo/page/189 189]–190}}</ref> Saadawi kwuru otu oge n'ajụjụ ọnụ a gbara ya: "E jidere m n'ihi na ekwere m Sadat. O kwuru na e nwere ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na anyị nwere usoro ọtụtụ pati, ị nwekwara ike ịkatọ ya. Ya mere, amalitere m ịkatọ iwu ya, m wee banye n'ụlọ mkpọrọ." Sadat kwuru na ọchịchị e guzobere bụ ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya maka ndị mmadụ, nakwa na ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya dị njikere maka nkatọ bara uru. Dịka Saadawi si kwuo, Sadat tụrụ ya mkpọrọ n'ihi nkatọ ya maka ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya. Ọbụna n'ụlọ mkpọrọ, ọ ka chọtara ụzọ isi lụso mmegbu ụmụ nwanyị ọgụ. Mgbe ọ nọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ, o guzobere otu Arab Women's Solidarity Association. Nke a bụ otu mbụ iwu kwadoro na nke nwere onwe ya na Egypt. N'ụlọ mkpọrọ, a jụrụ ya pen na akwụkwọ, agbanyeghị, nke ahụ egbochighị ya ịnọgide na-ede ihe. O jiri "pensụl nku anya ojii siri ike" na "obere akwụkwọ mposi ochie na nke gbawara agbawa" dekọọ echiche ya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Interview with Nawal el aasawi|url=http://www.nyu.edu/classes/keefer/twenty/nawal.html|last=Network|first=Vile News|date=2015|access-date=26 April 2020}}</ref> A tọhapụrụ ya n'afọ ahụ, otu ọnwa ka e gbusịrị Onyeisiala. Banyere ahụmịhe ya, o dere, sị: "Ihe ize ndụ abụrụla akụkụ nke ndụ m kemgbe m were mkpịsị akwụkwọ wee dee ihe. Ọ dịghị ihe dị ize ndụ karịa eziokwu n'ụwa nke dị ụgha."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/2001/06/03/stories/13030786.htm |title=Egypt's face of courage |work=The Hindu|first=Kalpana|last=Sharma|date=3 June 2001|access-date=25 September 2013 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041030002518/http://www.hinduonnet.com/2001/06/03/stories/13030786.htm |archive-date=30 October 2004 }}</ref> Na afọ 1982, o hiwere otu Arab Women's Solidarity Association.<ref>Hussey, Sierra, [https://www.sahistory.org.za/archive/biography-nawal-el-saadawi-sierra-hussey "Biography of Nawal El Saadawi"], South African History Online.</ref> Ọ kọwara otu ya dị ka "onye akụkọ ihe mere eme, onye na-akwado ọchịchị ọha, na onye na-akwado ikike ụmụ nwanyị".<ref>{{cite magazine |url= https://www.aljadid.com/node/2254|title= Nawal El-Saadawi's 'Daughter of Isis' Life and Times via the Plenitude of Her Writings |first=D.H. |last=Melhem|website=Al Jadid Magazine|volume= 5|number= 29|date=Autumn 1999|access-date=22 March 2021}}</ref> Saadawi bụ otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị e jidere n'ụlọ mkpọrọ ụmụ nwanyị Qanatir. Mkpọrọ ya bụ ntọala maka afọ 1983 ya. ''Memoirs from the Women's Prison'' ({{langx|ar|مذكرات في سجن النساء }}). Mkparịta ụka ya na onye mkpọrọ nọ na Qanatir, afọ itoolu tupu a tụọ ya mkpọrọ ebe ahụ, bụ ihe mkpali maka ọrụ mbụ ya, akwụkwọ akụkọ akpọrọ aha ya bụ ''Woman at Point Zero'' ({{langx|ar|امرأة عند نقطة الصفر}}, 1975).<ref name="Krajeski, The New Yorker">{{Cite magazine|url=http://www.newyorker.com/books/page-turner/the-books-of-nawal-el-saadawi|title=The Books of Nawal El Saadawi|magazine=[[The New Yorker]]|first=Jenna|last=Krajeski|date=7 March 2011|access-date=31 July 2017}}</ref> === Mkpagbu ndị ọzọ, nkuzi na US, na ngagharị iwe ndị ọzọ mechara mee === Na 1993, mgbe ndị Alakụba na mkpagbu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị yiri ndụ ya egwu, a manyere Saadawi ịgbapụ n'Ijipt. Ọ nabatara onyinye ịkụzi ihe na Ngalaba Asụsụ Eshia na Afrịka nke Mahadum Duke dị na [[North Carolina]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Former Visiting Professor in Court, Under Fire in Egypt|url=https://today.duke.edu/2001/06/el-saadawi629.html|date=29 June 2001|website=Duke Today|publisher=Duke University|access-date=1 April 2021|language=en}}</ref><ref name=BMJ>Dr Dora Carpenter-Latiri, [http://blogs.bmj.com/medical-humanities/2015/11/11/the-reading-room-a-review-of-memoirs-of-a-woman-doctor/ "The Reading Room: A review of ‘Memoirs of a woman doctor{{'"}}], ''BMJ'' Blog, 11 November 2015.</ref> nakwa na Mahadum Washington. O mechara nọrọ n'ọtụtụ kọleji na mahadum ndị a ma ama dịka Mahadum Cairo, Harvard, Yale, [[w:Mahadum Columbia|Columbia]], [[w:Mahadum Paris|Sorbonne]], [[w:Mahadum Georgetown|Georgetown]], Mahadum Steeti Florida, na Mahadum California, Berkeley. Na 1996, ọ laghachiri Ijipt.<ref name="BMJ"/><ref>{{cite web|last=Ling|first= Jessica |url=http://www.warscapes.com/blog/today-history-happy-85th-birthday-nawal-el-saadawi |title=Today in History: Happy 85th Birthday, Nawal El Saadawi!|website=Warscapes|date=27 October 2016}}</ref> Saadawi gara n'ihu na-akwado ya ma chee echiche ịzọ ọkwa na 2005 ntuli aka onyeisiala Ijipt, tupu ọ pụọ n'ihi ihe siri ike achọrọ maka ndị ga-azọ ọkwa nke mbụ.<ref>[https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2005/7/16/egypt-presidential-aspirant-pulls-out "Egypt presidential aspirant pulls out"], AlJazeera, 16 July 2005. Retrieved 21 July 2021.</ref> O so n'ime ndị ngagharị iwe na Tahrir Square na 2011.<ref>{{cite web|first=Elizabeth |last=Rubin|url=http://www.newsweek.com/2011/03/06/the-feminists-in-the-middle-of-tahrir-square.html |title=The Feminists in the Middle of Tahrir Square|work=[[Newsweek]]|date= 6 March 2011}}</ref> O kwuru ka a kwụsị nkuzi okpukperechi n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị Ijipt.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nawal El Saadawi – Illustrated Women in History |url=https://illustratedwomeninhistory.com/nawal-el-saadawi-is-an-egyptian-feminist-writer/ |date=28 October 2015|access-date=15 May 2022 |language=en-US}}</ref> Saadawi was awarded the 2004 North–South Prize by the Council of Europe.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/nscentre/winners_nsp_EN.asp|title=North-South Centre homepage|website=North-South Centre|language=en-GB|access-date=18 March 2018}}</ref> Na Julaị 2016, ọ bụ onyeisi emume akwụkwọ Royal African Society nke akpọrọ "Africa Writes" na London, ebe o kwuru okwu gbasara "On Being a Woman Writer" na mkparịta ụka ya na [[Margaret Busby]].<ref>{{cite web|first=Kelechi |last=Iwumene|url=http://africawrites.org/blog/africa-writes-2016-the-round-up/ |title=Africa Writes 2016: The Round-Up|publisher=Royal African Society|date= July 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://africawrites.org/uncategorized/on-being-a-woman-writer-nawal-el-saadawi-in-conversation-2/ |title=On Being A Woman Writer: Nawal El Saadawi in conversation|website= Africa Writes|publisher=Royal African Society|date= 2 July 2016}}</ref> [[File:Nawal El Saadawi, April 2012 (cropped).jpg|thumb|April 2012]] Na Göteborg Book Fair nke mere na Septemba 27 ruo 30, 2018, Saadawi gara seminar gbasara mmepe na Ijipt na Middle East mgbe Arab Spring gasịrị.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gp.se/kultur/kultur/nawal-el-sadaawi-till-bokm%C3%A4ssan-1.7940393|title=Nawal El Sadaawi till Bokmässan|work=Göteborgs-Posten|language=sv|date=29 August 2018|access-date=10 October 2018}}</ref> ma n'oge okwu ya na mmemme ahụ kwuru na ike ụwa niile "ndị ọchịchị aka ike, ndị isi obodo, ndị ọchịchị alaeze ukwu, ndị na-akpa ókè agbụrụ", nke United States na-edu, jikọrọ aka na gọọmentị Ijipt iji kwụsị mgbanwe Ijipt nke afọ 2011. O kwukwara na ya chetara ịhụ Odeakwụkwọ nke Mba U.S. n'oge ahụ [[Hillary Clinton]] na Tahrir Square ka ọ na-enye ndị ntorobịa akwụkwọ dollar iji gbaa ha ume ka ha votu maka Ụmụnna Ndị Alakụba na ntuli aka na-abịa.,<ref>[https://www.memri.org/tv/egyptian-activist-nawal-saadawi-saw-hillary-clinton-dollars-tahrir-square "Onye na-akwado ikike ụmụnwaanyị Ijipt bụ Nawal El Saadawi: Ahụrụ m Hillary Clinton ka ọ na-enye ego mba Amerịka na Tahrir Square ka ndị mmadụ wee tụọ vootu maka ụmụnna ndị Alakụba"], [[Memri TV]], 30 Septemba 2018</ref> ọ bụ ezie na enweghị ihe akaebe na ihe a a na-ekwu mere. Nawal El Saadawi nwere ọkwa dịka onye dere akwụkwọ maka Kansụl Kasị Elu maka Nkà na Sayensị Mmekọrịta, Cairo; Onyeisi Isi nke Ngalaba Mmụta Ahụike, Ministry of Health, Cairo, Odeakwụkwọ Ukwu nke Medical Association, Cairo, Egypt, na dọkịta na Ụlọ Ọgwụ Mahadum na [[w:Ministry of Health and Population (Egypt)|Ministry of Health]]. Ọ bụ onye hiwere otu agụmakwụkwọ ahụike na otu ndị edemede ụmụ nwanyị Ijipt; ọ bụkwa onyeisi nchịkọta akụkọ nke "Health Magazine" na Cairo, nakwa onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke "Medical Association Magazine".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ipb.org/nawal-el-sadaawi-in-memory/|title=Nawal El Sadaawi – In Memory|first=Ingeborg |last=Breines|author-link=Ingeborg Breines|website=ipb.org|publisher=IPB – International Peace Bureau|access-date=19 February 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gold.ac.uk/news/nawal-el-saadawi-tribute/|title=Tribute to doctor, writer and activist Nawal El Saadawi|website=gold.ac.uk|publisher=[[Goldsmiths University of London]]|date=26 March 2021|access-date=19 February 2024}}</ref> == Ide ihe == [[File:Nawal El Saadawi 02.JPG|thumb|right|Saadawi at the [[Göteborg Book Fair]] in 2010]] Saadawi malitere ide ihe na mbido ọrụ ya. Ihe odide mbụ ya gụnyere ọtụtụ [[akụkọ dị mkpirikpi]] nke akpọrọ ''Amụtara m Ịhụnanya'' (1957) na akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya, ''Memoirs of a Woman Doctor'' (1958). O mechara dee ọtụtụ akwụkwọ akụkọ na obere akụkọ na akwụkwọ ncheta onwe ya, ''Memoir from the Women's Prison'' (1986). E bipụtala Saadawi n'ọtụtụ akwụkwọ akụkọ, a sụgharịkwara ọrụ ya site na Arabic mbụ gaa na ihe karịrị asụsụ 30.<ref>Van Allen, Judith Imel, [https://books.google.com/books?id=fy11AwAAQBAJ&dq=saadawi+translated+into+more+than+30+languages&pg=PT1369 "Saadawi, Nawal El (1931–)"], in Gary L. Anderson and Kathryn G. Herr (eds), ''Encyclopedia of Activism and Social Justice'', Sage Publications, 2007, pp. 1249–1250.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=El Saadawi, Nawal (1932–) {{!}} Encyclopedia.com |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/international/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/el-saadawi-nawal-1932 |access-date=15 May 2022 |website=www.encyclopedia.com}}</ref> Na 1972, o bipụtara akwụkwọ mbụ ya nke anaghị akụkọ ifo, ''Women and Sex'',<ref name="women" /> which evoked the antagonism of highly placed political and [[theological]] authorities.<ref name="Krajeski, The New Yorker" /> O mekwara ka a chụọ ya n'ọrụ na Ministri Ahụike.<ref name="women" /> Ọrụ ndị ọzọ gụnyere ''The Hidden Face of Eve'',<ref>{{cite book |title=The hidden face of Eve : women in the Arab world |oclc=924716956 }}</ref> ''[[God Dies by the Nile]]'',<ref>{{cite book |title=God dies by the Nile |oclc=12583064 }}</ref> ''The Circling Song'',<ref>{{cite book |title=The circling song |oclc=18587928 }}</ref> ''Searching'',<ref>{{cite book |title=Searching |oclc=24707056 }}</ref> ''[[The Fall of the Imam]]'' (a kọwara ya dị ka "mkpughe dị ike ma na-akpali akpali nke ihe egwu ndị ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụaka nwere ike ikpughe site na nkwenkwe okpukpe"),<ref>{{cite journal |first=Philip |last=Womack |author-link=Philip Womack |url=http://newhumanist.org.uk/2119/the-fall-of-the-imam-by-nawal-el-saadawi |title=The Fall of the Imam by Nawal El Saadawi (review) |journal=[[New Humanist]] |date=20 August 2009}}</ref> and ''[[Woman at Point Zero]]''.<!--{{Citation needed|date=March 2021}}--><ref>{{cite book|title=Woman at point zero |oclc=10887569 }}</ref> Ọtụtụ mmadụ akatọọla ọrụ ya bụ 'The Hidden Face of Eve' maka nkwupụta na ọ na-ede maka "onye mba ọzọ na-akatọ onye mba ọzọ".<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=Amireh |first=Amal |date=2000 |title=Framing Nawal El Saadawi: Arab Feminism in a Transnational World |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/495572 |journal=Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=215–249 |doi=10.1086/495572 |s2cid=143010343 |issn=0097-9740|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Aha mbụ nke akwụkwọ ahụ, nke a sụgharịrị ozugbo na Bekee bụ "Ihu Gbara Ọtọ nke Nwanyị Arab" ewepụrụkwa ọtụtụ isiakwụkwọ na mbipụta Bekee nke akwụkwọ ahụ, ma e jiri ya tụnyere nke mbụ nke Arabic ahụ.<ref name=":3" /> O tinyere aka na ihe nkiri "Mgbe nwanyị nupụrụ isi" na akwụkwọ akụkọ nke afọ 1984 ''[[Sisterhood Is Global]]'', nke edeziri site na onye deziri ya [[Robin Morgan]],<ref name="global">{{cite web |url=https://catalog.vsc.edu/lscfind/Record/154795/TOC#tabnav |title=Sisterhood Is Global: Table of Contents |publisher=Catalog.vsc.edu |access-date=15 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208065459/https://catalog.vsc.edu/lscfind/Record/154795/TOC#tabnav |archive-date=8 December 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ma bụrụ onye tinyere aka na nchịkọta akụkọ nke afọ 2019 ''[[New Daughters of Africa]]'', edited by [[Margaret Busby]], nke gụnyere edemede ya "Banyere M n'Africa—Ndọrọ Ndọrọ Ọchịchị na Okpukpe n'oge Nwatakịrị M".<ref>[[Imani Perry|Perry, Imani]] (29 March 2019), [https://www.ft.com/content/2a4e64a8-508a-11e9-8f44-fe4a86c48b33 "New Daughters of Africa — a new anthology of a groundbreaking book"], ''[[Financial Times]]''.</ref><ref>Rocker-Clinton, Johnna (August 2019), [https://sanfranciscobookreview.com/product/new-daughters-of-africa-an-international-anthology-of-writing-by-women-of-african-descent/ "Margaret Busby does it again!"] (review of ''New Daughters of Africa: An International Anthology of Writing by Women of African Descent''), ''San Francisco Book Review''.</ref> E bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ Saadawi nke akpọrọ 'Zeina' na Lebanọn n'afọ 2009. E bipụtara nsụgharị French ahụ n'okpuru aha njirimara Nawal Zeinab el Sayed, site na iji aha nne ya mbụ.<ref>{{cite news|title=Radical writer back with vengeance|url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/world/africa/radical-writer-back-with-vengeance-1.486421/|work= The National|access-date=17 November 2014|date=7 September 2009}}</ref> Saadawi na-asụ asụsụ [[asụsụ Bekee|Bekee]] nke ọma, tinyere obodo ya.Egyptian Arabic.<ref>{{cite web|first=Hans Ulrich |last=Obrist|url=http://www.e-flux.com/journal/42/60256/in-conversation-with-nawal-el-saadawi/ |title=In Conversation with Nawal El Saadawi|website=e-flux Journal|number=42|date= February 2013}}</ref> Dịka o si dee ya n'asụsụ Arabic, ọ hụrụ ajụjụ nke ịtụgharị asụsụ Bekee ma ọ bụ French dị ka "nnukwu nsogbu" nke jikọtara ya na eziokwu ahụ bụ na <blockquote>"ike ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya bụ nke Bekee ma ọ bụ French na-asụkarị.... Ndị nwere nnukwu akwụkwọ n'ụwa ka na-eleghara m anya, n'ihi na m na-ede ihe n'asụsụ Arabic, nakwa n'ihi na m na-akatọ echiche ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya, nke onye na-achị obodo, nke onye na-akpa ókè agbụrụ, na nke ndị nna ochie nke ndị ọchịchị ukwu."<ref>{{cite web|first=Dele Meiji |last=Fatunla|url=http://newafricanmagazine.com/nawal-el-saadawi-identity-not-fixed/ |title=Nawal El Saadawi: 'My identity is not fixed'|magazine=[[New African]]|date= 30 June 2016}}</ref></blockquote> Akwụkwọ ya ''Mufakirat Tifla fi Al-Khamisa wa Al-Thamaneen''(Akwụkwọ Ndetu nke Nwa agbọghọ dị afọ 85), nke dabere na ihe e dere n'akwụkwọ akụkọ ya, ka e bipụtara n'afọ 2017.<ref>{{cite web|first=Mahmoud |last=El-Wardani|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/18/62/273741/Books/Review/At-,-Nawal-ElSaadawi-writes-about-Nawal-ElSaadawi.aspx |title=At 85, Nawal El-Saadawi writes about Nawal El-Saadawi|website=Ahram Online|date= 5 August 2017}}</ref> == Echiche == ===Mmegide megide mmebi akụkụ ahụ nwoke na nwanyị=== Mgbe ọ dị obere, Saadawi mere usoro nke ebe ụmụ nwanyị na-ebipụ akụkụ ahụ ha.<ref>el-Saadawi, Nawal, ''The Hidden Face of Eve'', Part 1: The Mutilated Half.</ref> Mgbe ọ bụ okenye, o dere gbasara omume a ma katọọ ya. O zara ọnwụ nke otu nwa agbọghọ dị afọ iri na abụọ, Bedour Shaker, n'oge a na-eme ịwa ahụ maka ibi úgwù n'ime akụkụ ahụ mmadụ na 2007 site n'ide ihe: "Bedour, ị̀ nwụrụ anwụ ka ìhè wee nwuo n'uche ndị gbara ọchịchịrị? Ị ga-eji ndụ gị dị oké ọnụ ahịa kwụọ ụgwọ ... ka ndị dọkịta na ndị ụkọchukwu mụta na okpukpe ziri ezi anaghị ebipụ akụkụ ahụ ụmụaka?"<ref>Michael, Maggie, [http://www.physorg.com/news102393179.html "Egypt Officials Ban Female Circumcision"<!-- Bot generated title -->], Phys.org, 30 June 2007. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070702171148/http://www.physorg.com/news102393179.html |date=2 July 2007 }}.</ref> Dịka dọkịta na onye na-akwado ikike mmadụ, Saadawi megidere ibi ụmụ nwoke úgwù. O kwenyere na ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị kwesịrị ka e chebe ha pụọ ​​na mmebi akụkụ ahụ ha.<ref name="theglobaldispatches">{{cite web|url=http://www.theglobaldispatches.com/articles/nawal-al-saadawi|first=Allston|last=Mitchell|title=Nawal al Saadawi|work=The Global Dispatches|date=16 May 2010|access-date=12 February 2014|archive-date=7 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170707223358/http://www.theglobaldispatches.com/articles/nawal-al-saadawi|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Ọchịchị mmadụ na Feminism === Saadawi kọwara onwe ya dị ka "onye na-akwado ụmụnwaanyị na soshal midia", na-ekwere na a pụghị imeri ọgụ ụmụnwaanyị n'okpuru ọchịchị kapitalizim.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Fawzy |first=Mary |date=7 May 2021 |title=The socialist feminism of Nawal El Saadawi |url=https://www.newframe.com/the-socialist-feminism-of-nawal-el-saadawi/ |access-date=22 December 2022 |website=New Frame}}</ref> Nkwenye a nke ndị otu ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya apụtala site n'ikpe na-ezighị ezi ọ hụrụ ná ndụ ya.<ref name=":4" /> N'akwụkwọ ya bụ 'The Zoro Ezo nke Eve', o dere gbasara otu a na-agaghị esi kewapụ ndụ mmekọahụ na nke mmetụta uche nke ndị mmadụ na ndụ akụnụba ha na mmepụta ha, ya mere iwu ọnọdụ onwe onye na mba Arab ga-abụrịrị ihe kacha mkpa nye ndị socialist.<ref>{{Citation |chapter=Introduction |date=2015 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350251076.0006 |title=The Hidden Face of Eve |publisher=Zed Books |doi=10.5040/9781350251076.0006 |isbn=978-0-90576-251-7 |access-date=22 December 2022|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name=":4" /> N'ajụjụ ọnụ a gbara ya na 2018, o kwuru na ya abụghị onye Marxist, ebe ọ gụchara akwụkwọ ya nke ọ chọpụtara na ọ na-enwe nsogbu na ya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nawal El Saadawi on feminism, fiction and the illusion of democracy |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=djMfFU7DIB8 |language=en |publisher=[[Channel 4 News]]|via=YouTube|date=13 June 2018|access-date=22 December 2022}}</ref> ===Okpukperechi=== N'ajụjụ ọnụ ya nke afọ 2014, Saadawi kwuru na "isi ihe kpatara mmegbu ụmụ nwanyị dị n'usoro ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya zuru ụwa ọnụ, nke okpukperechi kwadoro".<ref>{{Cite web|title = They don't want any really courageous people!|url = http://en.qantara.de/content/interview-with-nawal-el-saadawi-they-dont-want-any-really-courageous-people|website = Qantara.de - Dialogue with the Islamic World|access-date =5 November 2015|last = Fariborz|first = Arian|date =5 July 2014}}</ref> Mgbe ọtụtụ narị mmadụ nwụrụ n'ihe a kpọrọ [[2015 Mina stampede|"stampede" n'oge njem njem 2015]] (Hajj) nke ndị Alakụba gaa [[Mecca]], Saudi Arabia, o kwuru, sị: <blockquote>"Ha na-ekwu maka ịgbanwe ụzọ e si achịkwa Hajj, gbasara ime ka ndị mmadụ na-eme njem n'obere ìgwè. Ihe ha na-ekwughị bụ na ihe a mere n'ihi na ndị a na-alụ ọgụ ịtụ ekwensu nkume. Gịnị mere ha ji kwesị ịtụ ekwensu nkume? Gịnị mere ha ji kwesị isusu nkume ojii ahụ ọnụ? Mana ọ dịghị onye ga-ekwu nke a. Ndị mgbasa ozi agaghị ebipụta ya. Gịnị ka ọ bụ, enweghị mmasị ịkatọ okpukpe? ... Ọjụjụ a ịkatọ okpukpe ... abụghị liberalism. Nke a bụ mmachibido iwu."<ref name=Cooke /></blockquote> O kwuru na ihe ndị dị na Hajj, dịka isusu Okute Ojii ọnụ, nwere mgbọrọgwụ ndị ọgọ mmụọ tupu okpukpe Islam.<ref>Fiona Lloyd-Davies, [https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/correspondent/1619902.stm "No compromise"], ''Correspondent'', BBC News, 26 October 2001.</ref> Saadawi was involved in the academic exploration of [[Arab identity]] throughout her writing career.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Hanadi|first1=Al-Samman|title=Diasporic Na(rra)tions: Arab Women Rewriting Exile|date=2000|publisher=[[Indiana University]]|page=25}}</ref> Saadawi kọwara mkpuchi ihu nke ndị Alakụba dị ka "ngwaọrụ mmegbu ụmụ nwanyị".<ref name="theglobaldispatches" /> ===Ebumnuche nke ụmụ nwanyị=== Ọ katọrọkwa ihe megidere ihe ndị e ji mara ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ nwanyị n'usoro mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya nke a na-ahụkarị na Yuropu na US,<ref>{{cite book|last1=El Saadawi|first1=Nawal|title=The Nawal El Saadawi Reader|publisher=Zed Books|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r9SPVEG3cv0C|date=1997|isbn=9781856495141|access-date=8 April 2015}}</ref> na-akpasu ndị otu nwanyị ibe ha iwe site n'ikwu okwu megide etemeete na uwe ndị na-ekpughe ihe.<ref name=taylor/> ===United States=== N'okwu nkuzi nke afọ 2002 na [[Mahadum California na Berkeley's Center for Middle Eastern Studies]], Saadawi kọwara agha nke US duziri megide Afghanistan dị ka "agha iji mee ihe n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi na mmanụ dị na mpaghara ahụ", na amụma mba ofesi nke US na nkwado ya nye Israel dị ka "ezigbo iyi ọha egwu.".<ref>{{cite web|last1=Pasquini|first1=Elaine|title=El Saadawi Calls U.S. Foreign Policy 'Real Terrorism'|url=https://www.questia.com/magazine/1P3-110120822/el-saadawi-calls-u-s-foreign-policy-real-terrorism|via=|work=Washington Report on Middle East Affairs|date=March 2002|access-date=|archive-date=9 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160409040731/https://www.questia.com/magazine/1P3-110120822/el-saadawi-calls-u-s-foreign-policy-real-terrorism|url-status=dead}}</ref> Saadawi held the opinion that Egyptians are forced into poverty by US aid.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Nielsen|first1=Nikolaj|title=Nawal El Saadawi: 'I am against stability. We need revolution'|url=http://chronikler.com/middle-east/egypt/nawal-el-saadawi-interview/|access-date=19 November 2014|work=The Chronikler|date=11 July 2013}}</ref> ==Fim== Saadawi bụ isiokwu nke ihe nkiri "She Speaked the Unspeakable", nke [[Jill Nicholls]] duziri, nke a na-agbasa na February 2017 na usoro ihe nkiri telivishọn [[BBC One]] ''[[Imagine (usoro ihe nkiri TV)|Imagine]]''.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b08g7hr8 "She Spoke the Unspeakable"], BBC One, ''Imagine'', Winter 2017. [http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x5cu7f1 Via] [[Dailymotion]].</ref> ==Ọnwụ== Saadawi nwụrụ n'abalị iri abụọ na otu nke ọnwa Maachị afọ 2021, mgbe ọ dị afọ iri asatọ na itoolu, n'ụlọọgwụ dị na Cairo.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://english.ahram.org.eg/News/407474.aspx|title=Renowned Egyptian feminist, author Nawal El-Saadawi dies at the age of 89|website=[[Ahram Online]]|first=Mohammed |last=Saad |date=21 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://egyptianstreets.com/2021/03/21/pioneering-egyptian-feminist-nawal-el-saadawi-dies-aged-89/|title=Pioneering Egyptian Feminist Nawal El Saadawi Dies Aged 89|website=[[Egyptian Streets]]|date=21 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/1829281/offbeat |title=Arab author, women's rights icon Nawal El-Saadawi dies in Cairo |website=Arab News |date=21 March 2021 }}</ref> Her life was commemorated on [[BBC Radio 4]]'s obituary programme ''[[Last Word]]''.<ref>{{cite episode| title= Nawal El Saadawi (pictured), Brigadier Jack Thomas, President John Magufuli, Ion Mihai Pacepa| series= [[Last Word]]| credits= Producer: Neil George; Interviewed guests: [[Mona Eltahawy]], Sally Nabil| station= BBC Radio 4| airdate= 26 March 2021| url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/m000tg67 | access-date= 28 March 2021 }}</ref> ==Ihe nrite na nsọpụrụ ahọpụtara== *2004: [[North–South Prize site na [[Council of Europe]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.coe.int/en/web/north-south-centre/previous-laureates-of-the-north-south-prize|title=Previous laureates of the North-South Prize|publisher=Council of Europe|website=coe.int}}</ref> *2005: Inana International Prize, Belgium<ref name="auto1"/> *2007: Honorary Doctorate, [[Vrije Universiteit Brussel]], Belgium<ref>{{cite book|chapter-url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-1-137-58730-5_4|publisher=Nawal El Saadawi|doi=10.1007/978-1-137-58730-5_4|title=Diary of a Child Called Souad|year=2016|last1=El Saadawi|first1=Nawal|chapter=Nawal el Saadawi and a History of Oppression: Brief Biographical Facts |pages=153–158|isbn=978-1-137-58936-1}}</ref> *2007: Honorary Doctorate, [[Université libre de Bruxelles]], Belgium<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ulb.be/en/about-ulb/ulbs-honorary-doctorates|title=ULB's honorary doctorates|website=ulb.be|publisher=Université libre de Bruxelles}}</ref> *2010: Honorary Doctorate, [[National Autonomous University of Mexico]], Mexico<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.barrons.com/news/author-physician-nawal-el-saadawi-egypt-s-critic-of-taboos-01616337305?tesla=y|title=Author, Physician Nawal El-Saadawi, Egypt's Critic Of Taboos|website=barrons.com|first=Farid|last= Farid|publisher=Barron's|date=21 March 2021}}</ref> *2011: [[Stig Dagerman Prize]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://blog.svd.se/kultur/2012/01/09/motvillig-el-saadawi-far-dagermanpriset/ |title=Motvillig El Saadawi får Dagermanpriset |work=[[SvD]] |language=sv |date=9 January 2012 |access-date=27 October 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aftonbladet.se/kultur/article14833794.ab |title=Lydnad är ett dödligt gift |work=Kultur |language=sv |date=15 May 2012 |access-date=27 October 2012}}</ref> *2012: [[Seán MacBride Peace Prize]]<ref name="auto2"/> *2015: [[BBC's 100 Women]]<ref name="bbc">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-34745739|title=BBC 100 Women 2015: Who is on the list?|date=17 November 2015|work=BBC News|access-date=3 August 2019|language=en-GB}}</ref> *2020: ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]''{{'}}s 100 Women of the Year (1981)<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://time.com/5793662/nawal-el-saadawi-100-women-of-the-year/ |title=1981: Nawal El Saadawi |magazine=Time |date=5 March 2020 }}</ref> ==Ọrụ ndị ahọpụtara== Saadawi dere ihe nke ọma, wee tinye ụfọdụ n'ime ọrụ ya n'ịntanetị.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Amireh |first=Amal |date=2000 |title=Framing Nawal El Saadawi: Arab Feminism in a Transnational World |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3175385 |journal=Signs |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=215–249 |doi=10.1086/495572 |jstor=3175385 |s2cid=143010343 |issn=0097-9740|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Saiti |first1=Ramzi |last2=Salti |first2=Ramzi M. |date=1994 |title=Paradise, Heaven, and Other Oppressive Spaces: A Critical Examination of the Life and Works of Nawal el-Saadawi |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4183334 |journal=Journal of Arabic Literature |volume=25 |issue=2 |pages=152–174 |doi=10.1163/157006494X00059 |jstor=4183334 |issn=0085-2376|url-access=subscription }}</ref> '''Akwụkwọ akụkọ na akwụkwọ akụkọ''' * ''Mudhakkirat tabiba'' (Cairo, 1958). ''Memoirs of a Woman Doctor'', trans. [[Catherine Cobham]] (Saqi Books, 1988) * ''Al ghayib'' (Cairo, 1965). ''Searching'', trans. Shirley Eber (Zed Books, 1991) * ''Imra'tani fi-Imra'a'' (Cairo, 1968). ''Two Women in One'', trans. [[Osman Nusairi]] and Jana Gough (Saqi Books, 1985) * ''Maut ar-raǧul al-waḥīd ʿala ‚l-arḍ'' (1974). ''[[God Dies by the Nile]]'', trans. [[Sherif Hetata]] (Zed Books, 1985) * ''Al-khait wa'ayn al-hayat'' (Cairo, 1976). ''The Well of Life and the Thread: Two Short Novels'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Lime Tree, 1993) * ''Ughniyat al-atfal al da iriyah'' (Beirut: Dar al-Adab, 1977). ''The Circling Song'', trans. Marilyn Booth (Zed Books, 1989) * ''Emra'a enda noktat el sifr'' (Beirut: Dar al-Adab, 1977). ''[[Woman at Point Zero]]'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Zed Books, 1983) * ''Mawt Ma'ali al-Wazir Sabiqan'' (1980). ''Death of an Ex-Minister'', trans. Shirley Eber (Methuen, 1987) * ''Suqūṭ al-imām'' (Cairo, 1987). ''[[The Fall of the Imam]]'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Methuen, 1988) * ''Jann āt wa-Iblīs'' (Beirut, 1992). ''The Innocence of the Devil'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Methuen, 1994) * ''Ḥubb fī zaman al-naf̣t'' (Cairo, 1993). ''Love in the Kingdom of Oil'', trans. [[Basil Hatim]] and Malcolm Williams (Saqi Books, 2001) * ''Al-Riwayah'' (Cairo: Dar El Hilal, 2004). ''The Novel'', trans. [[Omnia Amin]] and [[Rick London]] (Interlink Books, 2009) * ''Zeina'' (Beirut: Dar Al Saqi, 2009). ''Zeina'', trans. [[Amira Nowaira]] (Saqi Books, 2011) '''Nchịkọta akụkọ dị mkpirikpi''' * ''Ta'allamt al-hubb'' (Cairo, 1957). ''I Learned Love'' * ''Lahzat sidq'' (Cairo, 1959). ''Moment of Truth'' * ''Little Tenderness'' (Cairo, 1960) * ''al-Khayt wa-l-jidar'' (1972). ''The Thread and the Wall'' * ''Ain El Hayat'' (Beirut, 1976) * ''Kānat hiya al-aḍʻaf'' ["She Was the Weaker"] (1979). ''She Has No Place in Paradise'', trans. Shirley Eber (Methuen, 1987). Includes three additional stories: "She Has No Place in Paradise", "Two Women Friends", and "'Beautiful'". * ''Adab Am Kellet Abad'' (Cairo, 2000) '''Egwuregwu''' * ''Ithna 'ashar imra'a fi zinzana wahida'' (Cairo, 1984). ''Twelve Women in a Cell'' * ''Isis'' (Cairo, 1985) * ''God Resigns in the Summit Meeting'' (1996), published by Madbouli, and four other plays included in her ''Collected Works'' (45 books in Arabic), Cairo: Madbouli, 2007 * ''Twelve Women in a Cell: Plays by Mediterranean Women'' (Aurora Metro Books, 1994) '''Ihe ncheta''' * ''Mudhakkirat fi Sijn al-Nisa'' (Cairo, 1983). ''Memoirs from the Women's Prison'', trans. Marilyn Booth ([[The Women's Press]], 1986) * ''Rihlati hawla al-'alam'' (Cairo, 1986). ''My Travels Around the World'', trans. Shirley Eber (Methuen, 1991) * ''Memoirs of a Child Called Soad'' (Cairo, 1990) * ''Awraqi hayati'', first volume (Cairo, 1995). ''A Daughter of Isis'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Zed Books, 1999) * ''Awraqi hayati'', second volume (Cairo, 1998). ''Walking Through Fire'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Zed Books, 2002) * ''My Life, Part III'' (Cairo, 2001) '''Akụkọ na-abụghị akụkọ ifo''' * ''Women and Sex'' (Cairo, 1969) * ''Woman Is the Origin'' (Cairo, 1971) * ''Men and Sex'' (Cairo, 1973) * ''The Naked Face of Arab Women'' (Cairo, 1974) * ''Women and Neurosis'' (Cairo, 1975) * ''Al-Wajh al-'ari lil-mar'a al-'arabiyy'' (1977). ''The Hidden Face of Eve: Women in the Arab World'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Zed Press, 1980) * ''On Women'' (Cairo, 1986) * ''A New Battle in Arab Women Liberation'' (Cairo, 1992) * ''Collection of Essays'' (Cairo, 1998) * ''Collection of Essays'' (Cairo, 2001) * ''Breaking Down Barriers'' (Cairo, 2004) '''Compilations in English''' * ''Plays by Mediterranean Women'' (Aurora Metro Books, 1994, {{ISBN|978-0-9515877-3-7}}) * ''North/South: The Nawal El Saadawi Reader'' (Zed Books, 1997) * ''Off Limits: New Writings on Fear and Sin'' (Gingko Library, 2019, {{ISBN|978-88-87847-16-1}}) == Hụkwa ==   *   *   *   * Thesis/dissertation.  <templatestyles src="Module:Side box/styles.css"></templatestyles> * Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Nawal El Saadawi na archive.org * Adele Newson-Horst, "[https://www.worldliteraturetoday.org/blog/literary-tributes/remembering-nawal-el-saadawi-adele-newson-horst "Ịcheta Nawal El Saadawi"]", World Literature Today, 24 March 2021. * [[Ernest Emenyonu]], "NAWAL EL SAADAWI: Ndụ na edemede (Ọktoba 27, 1931 - Machị 21, 2021) ", Boydell na Brewer, 13 Mee 2021. [[Otú:Articles with hCards]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 1rwzwtih5670zgt9bsau17crmxnc9e7 736864 736863 2026-10-08T13:10:51Z Adimora chidinma 15845 /* Ide ihe */ 736864 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}   '''Nawal El Saadawi''' ({{langx|ar|نوال السعداوي}}, {{ALA-LC|arz|Nawāl as-Saʿdāwī}};27 Ọktoba 1931 – 21 Maachị 2021) bụ onye edemede feminist nke Ijipt, activist, disciatist, na psychiatrist. O dere ọtụtụ akwụkwọ gbasara ụmụ nwanyị na Islam, na-elekwasị anya n'okwu ndị metụtara ụmụ nwanyị na Global South, gụnyere sexuality, patriarchy social class, na colonialism.<ref name=":3" /> Ọ bụ onye hiwere ma bụrụkwa onyeisi oche nke otu Arab Women's Solidarity Association.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2 March 2015|title=Nawal El Saadawi|url=https://orgs.law.harvard.edu/womeninspiringchange/2015-honorees/nawal-el-saadawi/|access-date=9 October 2020|website=Women Inspiring Change|language=en-US|archive-date=18 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201218120145/https://orgs.law.harvard.edu/womeninspiringchange/2015-honorees/nawal-el-saadawi/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>Hitchcock, Peter; El Saadawi, Nawal; Hatata, Sherif. "Living the Struggle". ''Transition'' 61 (1993): 170–179.</ref> Ọ bụkwa onye hiwere Arab Association for Human Rights.<ref>Nawal El Saadawi, "Presentation by Nawal El Saadawi: President's Forum, M/MLA Annual Convention, November 4, 1999", ''The Journal of the Midwest Modern Language Association'' 33.3–34.1 (Autumn 2000 – Winter 2001): 34–39.</ref> O nwetara akara ugo mmụta nsọpụrụ site na mahadum dị na kọntinent atọ. Na 2004, Kọnsụl nke Yuropu nyere ya North–South Prize. Na 2005, o nwetara ihe nrite mba ụwa Inana na Belgium.<ref name="auto1">[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jue04c1_wkY "PEN World Voices Arthur Miller Freedom to Write Lecture by Nawal El Saadawi"], YouTube. 8 September 2009.</ref> Na 2012, International Peace Bureau nyere ya onyinye Seán MacBride Peace Prize.<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web|title=International Peace Bureau|url=http://www.ipb.org/web/index.php?mostra=news&menu=home&id_nom=IPB+to+award+2012+Sean+MacBride+Peace+Prize+to+Nawal+El-Sadaawi+and+Lina+Ben+Mhenni|website=www.ipb.org|access-date=25 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925221701/http://www.ipb.org/web/index.php?mostra=news&menu=home&id_nom=IPB+to+award+2012+Sean+MacBride+Peace+Prize+to+Nawal+El-Sadaawi+and+Lina+Ben+Mhenni|archive-date=25 September 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ndụ mbido == A mụrụ Saadawi, onye nke abụọ n'ime ụmụ itoolu, na 27 Ọktoba 1931 n'obodo nta dị na [[Kafr Tahla]], [[Egypt]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/mar/22/nawal-el-saadawi-obituary|title=Nawal El Saadawi obituary|date=22 March 2021|first=Sarah A|last= Smith|website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Elkhatib |first1=Sameh |title=Egyptian feminist and author el-Saadawi dies at 89 |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/egyptian-feminist-author-el-saadawi-dies-89-2021-03-22/ |website=Reuters |access-date=24 March 2026}}</ref> E mere Saadawi ebe ụmụ nwanyị bi n'ime akụkụ ahụ ha <ref name=Khaleeli /> at the age of six,<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last1=Sa'dawi|first1=Nawal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I9vqMossOjoC|title=A Daughter of Isis: The Autobiography of Nawal El Saadawi|last2=Saadawi|first2=Nawal El|last3=Saʻdāwī|first3=Nawāl|last4=Saʿdāwī|first4=Nawāl as-|date=1999|publisher=[[Zed Books]]|isbn=978-1-85649-680-3|pages=63–87|language=en}}</ref> ọ bụ ezie na nna ya kwenyere na ụmụ agbọghọ na ụmụ nwoke kwesịrị ịgụ akwụkwọ. O kwuru na nne na nna ya bụ ndị nwere nnwere onwe mgbe ha na-etolite.<ref name=":1"/> Nna ya Upper Egypt bụ onye ọrụ gọọmentị na [[w:Ministry of Education (Egypt)|Ministry of Education]], onye lụsoro ọgụ megide British rebel Egypt n'oge Egypt Revolution of 1919. N'ihi ya, a chụpụrụ ya n'obodo nta dị na Naịl, gọọmentị ekweghịkwa ịkwalite ya ruo afọ 10. Ọ bụ onye na-aga n'ihu ma kụziere nwa ya nwanyị ịkwanyere onwe ya ùgwù na ikwu okwu n'uche ya. Ọ gbakwara ya ume ka ọ mụọ asụsụ Arabik. Agbanyeghị, mgbe El Saadawi dị afọ 10, ezinụlọ ya gbalịrị ime ka ọ lụọ di, mana nne ya kwadoro ya n'ịjụ.<ref name=taylor>{{Cite news |title=Nawal El Saadawi: Feminist firebrand who dared to write dangerously (obituary) |last=Taylor-Coleman |first=Jasmine |website=BBC News |date=21 March 2021 |url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-55048245}}</ref> Both her parents died at a young age,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Nawal El Saadawi|url=http://faculty.webster.edu/woolflm/saadawi.html|access-date=25 September 2015|website=faculty.webster.edu|archive-date=2 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170602080913/http://faculty.webster.edu/woolflm/saadawi.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>{{Unreliable source?|date=September 2021|sure=y|reason=This is an unpublished undergraduate student assignment paper}} na-ahapụ Saadawi naanị ibu ọrụ nke ilekọta ezinụlọ buru ibu.<ref name="bornexile">{{Cite web |url=http://www.nawalsaadawi.net/oldsite/articlesnawal/bornexile.htm |title=Exile and Resistance |first=Nawal |last=El Saadaw|website=Nawal El Saadawi/Sherif Hetata |date=November 2002|access-date=23 June 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091027223127/http://www.nawalsaadawi.net/oldsite/articlesnawal/bornexile.htm |archive-date=27 October 2009 |url-status=usurped }}</ref> Nne ya, Zaynab, sitere n'agbụrụ bara ọgaranya [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]];<ref>{{cite news|last=Cowell|first=Alan |author-link=Alan Cowell |year=2021|title=Nawal El Saadawi, Advocate for Women in the Arab World, Dies at 89 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/21/obituaries/nawal-el-saadawi-dead.html|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|quote=Nawal El Saadawi was born on Oct. 27, 1931, in the village of Kafr Tahla, a settlement in the lower Nile Delta, the second of nine children. Her mother, Zaynab (Shoukry) El Saadawi, was partially descended from a wealthy Ottoman family. Her father, Al-Sayed El Saadawi, was an official in the government’s education ministry. }}</ref> Saadawi kọwara nna nna ya nke nne ya, Shoukry,<ref>{{cite book|first=Nawal|last= El Saadawi|year=2013|title=A Daughter of Isis: The Early Life of Nawal El Saadawi|publisher=Zed Books|isbn=978-1848136403}}</ref> na nne nne ya dị ka onye Ottoman si malite.<ref name="CaliforniaUni">{{citation|first=Nawal|last= El Saadawi|year=1986|title=Memoirs from the Women's Prison|publisher=University of California Press|page=64|quote= "My eyes widened in astonishment. Even my maternal grandmother used to sing, although she was born to a Turkish mother and lived in my grandfather's house in the epoch when harems still existed." |isbn=0520088883}}</ref> Ọbụna mgbe ọ bụ nwata, ọ katọrọ obodo ndị nwoke bi na ya, ebe ụmụ nwoke ji ha kpọrọ ihe karịa ụmụ nwanyị, na-emeghachi omume n'iwe nye nne nne ya, onye kwuru na "nwoke bara uru ụmụ nwanyị iri na ise ma ọ dịkarịa ala... Ụmụ agbọghọ bụ nsogbu".<ref name=taylor/> O ji nganga kọwaa onwe ya dị ka nwanyị Ijipt [[agba ọchịchịrị]] kemgbe ọ dị obere.<ref>{{Citation|url=https://zora.medium.com/my-childhood-in-egypt-not-knowing-i-was-in-africa-27580b07a93b|title=My Childhood in Egypt, Not Knowing I Was in Africa|first=Nawal|last=El Saadawi|website=zora.medium.com|date=13 June 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=New Daughters of Africa|chapter=About Me in Africa—Politics and Religion in my Childhood|editor-first=Margaret|first=El Saadawi|last=Nawal|editor-last=Busby|publisher=[[Myriad Editions]]|edition=paperback|pages=42–44|date=2020}}</ref> == Career == Saadawi graduated as a medical doctor in 1955 from [[Cairo University]]. That year, she married Ahmed Helmi, whom she met as a fellow student in medical school. They have a daughter, Mona Helmi.<ref name=Khaleeli/> The marriage ended after two years.<ref name=JoISR>{{cite journal|first=Yusuf|last=Koseli|title=A PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH TO THE NOVEL OF NAWAL EL SAADAWI TITLED MÜZEKKİRAT TABİBE|journal=The Journal of International Social Research|date=2013|volume=6|issue=28|url=http://www.sosyalarastirmalar.com/cilt6/cilt6sayi28_pdf/koseli_yusuf.pdf|access-date=15 April 2020}}</ref><ref name=Khaleeli>{{Cite web|title = Nawal El Saadawi: Egypt's radical feminist|url = https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2010/apr/15/nawal-el-saadawi-egyptian-feminist|website =The Guardian|date= 15 April 2010|access-date =15 April 2020|first = Homa|last = Khaleeli}}</ref> Through her medical practice, she observed women's physical and psychological problems and connected them with oppressive cultural practices, patriarchal oppression, class oppression and imperialist oppression.<ref name="women">[http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/1999/462/women.htm Feminism in a nationalist century] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100419040800/http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/1999/462/women.htm |date=19 April 2010 }}</ref> Her second husband was a colleague, Rashad Bey.<ref name=JoISR/><ref>{{cite thesis|url=https://www.academia.edu/23224495|title=Voice of Oppressed from the Margins: A Critical Reading on Nawal El Saadawi's "Woman at Point Zero"|last=Puthiyakath|first=Hashim H.|publisher=[[Central University of Tamil Nadu]]|access-date=15 April 2020}}</ref> While working as a doctor in her birthplace of Kafr Tahla, she observed the hardships and inequalities faced by rural women. After attempting to protect one of her patients from [[domestic violence]], Saadawi was summoned back to Cairo. She eventually became the Director of the Ministry of [[public health|Public Health]] and met her third husband, [[Sherif Hatata]], while sharing an office in the Ministry of Health. Hatata, also a medical doctor and writer, had been a [[political prisoner]] for 13 years. They married in 1964 and have a son.<ref name="bornexile"/><ref name=Khaleeli/> Saadawi and Hatata lived together for 43 years<ref name=Cooke>{{cite web|last1=Cooke|first1=Rachel|title=Nawal El Saadawi: 'Do you feel you are liberated? I feel I am not'|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/oct/11/nawal-el-saadawi-interview-do-you-feel-you-are-liberated-not|work=[[The Observer]]|date=11 October 2015|access-date=15 April 2020}}</ref> and divorced in 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/18/62/99644/Books/Review/ElSaadawi-and-Hatata-Voyage-of-a-lifetime.aspx|title=El-Saadawi and Hatata: Voyage of a lifetime|date=24 April 2014|publisher=Ahram Online|first=Mahmoud |last=El-Wardani|access-date=15 April 2020}}</ref> [[File:Shirin Ershadi, Shirin Ebadi and Nawal el-Saadawi (2413951897).jpg|thumb|[[Shirin Ershadi]], [[Shirin Ebadi]] and Nawal el-Saadawi]] Saadawi attended [[Columbia University]], earning a master's degree in public health in 1966.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Smith|first=Harrison|date=23 March 2021|title=Nawal El Saadawi, Egyptian author, physician and feminist activist, dies at 89|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/nawal-el-saadawi-dead/2021/03/23/43c7c250-8b19-11eb-a730-1b4ed9656258_story.html|access-date=16 June 2021}}</ref> In 1972, she published ''Woman and Sex'' ({{lang|ar|المرأة والجنس}}), confronting and contextualising various aggressions perpetrated against women's bodies, including female circumcision. The book became a foundational text of [[second-wave feminism]]. As a consequence of the book and her political activities, Saadawi was dismissed from her position at the Ministry of Health.<ref name="women" /> She also lost her positions as chief editor of a health journal, and as Assistant General Secretary in the Medical Association in Egypt. From 1973 to 1976, Saadawi worked on researching women and [[neurosis]] in [[Ain Shams University]]'s Faculty of Medicine. From 1979 to 1980, she was the [[United Nations]] Advisor for the Women's Programme in Africa (ECA) and the Middle East (ECWA).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://scholarblogs.emory.edu/postcolonialstudies/2014/06/11/saadawi-nawal-el-2/|title=Saadawi, Nawal el – Postcolonial Studies|website=scholarblogs.emory.edu|language=en-US|access-date=31 July 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r9SPVEG3cv0C&q=Nawal+Saadawi+united+nations+advisor+1979&pg=PR1|title=The Nawal El Saadawi Reader|last=Saʻdāwī|first=Nawāl|date=15 December 1997|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=9781856495141|language=en}}</ref> === Court cases against her === In 2002 a legal attempt was made by Nabih el-Wahsh in an Egyptian Court to legally divorce el-Saadawi from her husband on account of [[hisbah|hesba]], a 9th-century principle of [[shariah law]], that allows for the conviction of Muslims who are seen to be harming Islam. The evidence used against her was a March interview in which el-Wahsh claims was proof she had abandoned Islam. The legal attempt was unsuccessful.<ref name=Khaleeli /><ref>{{Cite web |date=18 June 2001 |title=Cairo writer threatened with divorce |url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2001/jun/18/internationaleducationnews.highereducation |access-date=22 December 2022 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref> In 2008, a similar attempt was made to strip el-Saadawi of her Egyptian nationality due to her radical opinions and writing, this attempt was also unsuccessful.<ref name=Khaleeli /> === Mkpọrọ === Kemgbe gọọmentị Ijipt lere ya anya dị ka ihe na-ese okwu ma dị ize ndụ, Saadawi nyere aka bipụta akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị otu nwanyị na 1981 nke akpọrọ ''Confrontation.'' President of Egypt Anwar Sadat tụrụ ya mkpọrọ na Septemba.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Uglow|first1=Jennifer S.|author2=Maggy Hendry|title=The Northeastern Dictionary of Women's Biography|url=https://archive.org/details/northeasterndict0000uglo|url-access=registration|year=1999|publisher=Northeastern University Press|isbn= 9781555534219|pages=[https://archive.org/details/northeasterndict0000uglo/page/189 189]–190}}</ref> Saadawi kwuru otu oge n'ajụjụ ọnụ a gbara ya: "E jidere m n'ihi na ekwere m Sadat. O kwuru na e nwere ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na anyị nwere usoro ọtụtụ pati, ị nwekwara ike ịkatọ ya. Ya mere, amalitere m ịkatọ iwu ya, m wee banye n'ụlọ mkpọrọ." Sadat kwuru na ọchịchị e guzobere bụ ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya maka ndị mmadụ, nakwa na ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya dị njikere maka nkatọ bara uru. Dịka Saadawi si kwuo, Sadat tụrụ ya mkpọrọ n'ihi nkatọ ya maka ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya. Ọbụna n'ụlọ mkpọrọ, ọ ka chọtara ụzọ isi lụso mmegbu ụmụ nwanyị ọgụ. Mgbe ọ nọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ, o guzobere otu Arab Women's Solidarity Association. Nke a bụ otu mbụ iwu kwadoro na nke nwere onwe ya na Egypt. N'ụlọ mkpọrọ, a jụrụ ya pen na akwụkwọ, agbanyeghị, nke ahụ egbochighị ya ịnọgide na-ede ihe. O jiri "pensụl nku anya ojii siri ike" na "obere akwụkwọ mposi ochie na nke gbawara agbawa" dekọọ echiche ya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Interview with Nawal el aasawi|url=http://www.nyu.edu/classes/keefer/twenty/nawal.html|last=Network|first=Vile News|date=2015|access-date=26 April 2020}}</ref> A tọhapụrụ ya n'afọ ahụ, otu ọnwa ka e gbusịrị Onyeisiala. Banyere ahụmịhe ya, o dere, sị: "Ihe ize ndụ abụrụla akụkụ nke ndụ m kemgbe m were mkpịsị akwụkwọ wee dee ihe. Ọ dịghị ihe dị ize ndụ karịa eziokwu n'ụwa nke dị ụgha."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/2001/06/03/stories/13030786.htm |title=Egypt's face of courage |work=The Hindu|first=Kalpana|last=Sharma|date=3 June 2001|access-date=25 September 2013 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041030002518/http://www.hinduonnet.com/2001/06/03/stories/13030786.htm |archive-date=30 October 2004 }}</ref> Na afọ 1982, o hiwere otu Arab Women's Solidarity Association.<ref>Hussey, Sierra, [https://www.sahistory.org.za/archive/biography-nawal-el-saadawi-sierra-hussey "Biography of Nawal El Saadawi"], South African History Online.</ref> Ọ kọwara otu ya dị ka "onye akụkọ ihe mere eme, onye na-akwado ọchịchị ọha, na onye na-akwado ikike ụmụ nwanyị".<ref>{{cite magazine |url= https://www.aljadid.com/node/2254|title= Nawal El-Saadawi's 'Daughter of Isis' Life and Times via the Plenitude of Her Writings |first=D.H. |last=Melhem|website=Al Jadid Magazine|volume= 5|number= 29|date=Autumn 1999|access-date=22 March 2021}}</ref> Saadawi bụ otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị e jidere n'ụlọ mkpọrọ ụmụ nwanyị Qanatir. Mkpọrọ ya bụ ntọala maka afọ 1983 ya. ''Memoirs from the Women's Prison'' ({{langx|ar|مذكرات في سجن النساء }}). Mkparịta ụka ya na onye mkpọrọ nọ na Qanatir, afọ itoolu tupu a tụọ ya mkpọrọ ebe ahụ, bụ ihe mkpali maka ọrụ mbụ ya, akwụkwọ akụkọ akpọrọ aha ya bụ ''Woman at Point Zero'' ({{langx|ar|امرأة عند نقطة الصفر}}, 1975).<ref name="Krajeski, The New Yorker">{{Cite magazine|url=http://www.newyorker.com/books/page-turner/the-books-of-nawal-el-saadawi|title=The Books of Nawal El Saadawi|magazine=[[The New Yorker]]|first=Jenna|last=Krajeski|date=7 March 2011|access-date=31 July 2017}}</ref> === Mkpagbu ndị ọzọ, nkuzi na US, na ngagharị iwe ndị ọzọ mechara mee === Na 1993, mgbe ndị Alakụba na mkpagbu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị yiri ndụ ya egwu, a manyere Saadawi ịgbapụ n'Ijipt. Ọ nabatara onyinye ịkụzi ihe na Ngalaba Asụsụ Eshia na Afrịka nke Mahadum Duke dị na [[North Carolina]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Former Visiting Professor in Court, Under Fire in Egypt|url=https://today.duke.edu/2001/06/el-saadawi629.html|date=29 June 2001|website=Duke Today|publisher=Duke University|access-date=1 April 2021|language=en}}</ref><ref name=BMJ>Dr Dora Carpenter-Latiri, [http://blogs.bmj.com/medical-humanities/2015/11/11/the-reading-room-a-review-of-memoirs-of-a-woman-doctor/ "The Reading Room: A review of ‘Memoirs of a woman doctor{{'"}}], ''BMJ'' Blog, 11 November 2015.</ref> nakwa na Mahadum Washington. O mechara nọrọ n'ọtụtụ kọleji na mahadum ndị a ma ama dịka Mahadum Cairo, Harvard, Yale, [[w:Mahadum Columbia|Columbia]], [[w:Mahadum Paris|Sorbonne]], [[w:Mahadum Georgetown|Georgetown]], Mahadum Steeti Florida, na Mahadum California, Berkeley. Na 1996, ọ laghachiri Ijipt.<ref name="BMJ"/><ref>{{cite web|last=Ling|first= Jessica |url=http://www.warscapes.com/blog/today-history-happy-85th-birthday-nawal-el-saadawi |title=Today in History: Happy 85th Birthday, Nawal El Saadawi!|website=Warscapes|date=27 October 2016}}</ref> Saadawi gara n'ihu na-akwado ya ma chee echiche ịzọ ọkwa na 2005 ntuli aka onyeisiala Ijipt, tupu ọ pụọ n'ihi ihe siri ike achọrọ maka ndị ga-azọ ọkwa nke mbụ.<ref>[https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2005/7/16/egypt-presidential-aspirant-pulls-out "Egypt presidential aspirant pulls out"], AlJazeera, 16 July 2005. Retrieved 21 July 2021.</ref> O so n'ime ndị ngagharị iwe na Tahrir Square na 2011.<ref>{{cite web|first=Elizabeth |last=Rubin|url=http://www.newsweek.com/2011/03/06/the-feminists-in-the-middle-of-tahrir-square.html |title=The Feminists in the Middle of Tahrir Square|work=[[Newsweek]]|date= 6 March 2011}}</ref> O kwuru ka a kwụsị nkuzi okpukperechi n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị Ijipt.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nawal El Saadawi – Illustrated Women in History |url=https://illustratedwomeninhistory.com/nawal-el-saadawi-is-an-egyptian-feminist-writer/ |date=28 October 2015|access-date=15 May 2022 |language=en-US}}</ref> Saadawi was awarded the 2004 North–South Prize by the Council of Europe.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/nscentre/winners_nsp_EN.asp|title=North-South Centre homepage|website=North-South Centre|language=en-GB|access-date=18 March 2018}}</ref> Na Julaị 2016, ọ bụ onyeisi emume akwụkwọ Royal African Society nke akpọrọ "Africa Writes" na London, ebe o kwuru okwu gbasara "On Being a Woman Writer" na mkparịta ụka ya na [[Margaret Busby]].<ref>{{cite web|first=Kelechi |last=Iwumene|url=http://africawrites.org/blog/africa-writes-2016-the-round-up/ |title=Africa Writes 2016: The Round-Up|publisher=Royal African Society|date= July 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://africawrites.org/uncategorized/on-being-a-woman-writer-nawal-el-saadawi-in-conversation-2/ |title=On Being A Woman Writer: Nawal El Saadawi in conversation|website= Africa Writes|publisher=Royal African Society|date= 2 July 2016}}</ref> [[File:Nawal El Saadawi, April 2012 (cropped).jpg|thumb|April 2012]] Na Göteborg Book Fair nke mere na Septemba 27 ruo 30, 2018, Saadawi gara seminar gbasara mmepe na Ijipt na Middle East mgbe Arab Spring gasịrị.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gp.se/kultur/kultur/nawal-el-sadaawi-till-bokm%C3%A4ssan-1.7940393|title=Nawal El Sadaawi till Bokmässan|work=Göteborgs-Posten|language=sv|date=29 August 2018|access-date=10 October 2018}}</ref> ma n'oge okwu ya na mmemme ahụ kwuru na ike ụwa niile "ndị ọchịchị aka ike, ndị isi obodo, ndị ọchịchị alaeze ukwu, ndị na-akpa ókè agbụrụ", nke United States na-edu, jikọrọ aka na gọọmentị Ijipt iji kwụsị mgbanwe Ijipt nke afọ 2011. O kwukwara na ya chetara ịhụ Odeakwụkwọ nke Mba U.S. n'oge ahụ [[Hillary Clinton]] na Tahrir Square ka ọ na-enye ndị ntorobịa akwụkwọ dollar iji gbaa ha ume ka ha votu maka Ụmụnna Ndị Alakụba na ntuli aka na-abịa.,<ref>[https://www.memri.org/tv/egyptian-activist-nawal-saadawi-saw-hillary-clinton-dollars-tahrir-square "Onye na-akwado ikike ụmụnwaanyị Ijipt bụ Nawal El Saadawi: Ahụrụ m Hillary Clinton ka ọ na-enye ego mba Amerịka na Tahrir Square ka ndị mmadụ wee tụọ vootu maka ụmụnna ndị Alakụba"], [[Memri TV]], 30 Septemba 2018</ref> ọ bụ ezie na enweghị ihe akaebe na ihe a a na-ekwu mere. Nawal El Saadawi nwere ọkwa dịka onye dere akwụkwọ maka Kansụl Kasị Elu maka Nkà na Sayensị Mmekọrịta, Cairo; Onyeisi Isi nke Ngalaba Mmụta Ahụike, Ministry of Health, Cairo, Odeakwụkwọ Ukwu nke Medical Association, Cairo, Egypt, na dọkịta na Ụlọ Ọgwụ Mahadum na [[w:Ministry of Health and Population (Egypt)|Ministry of Health]]. Ọ bụ onye hiwere otu agụmakwụkwọ ahụike na otu ndị edemede ụmụ nwanyị Ijipt; ọ bụkwa onyeisi nchịkọta akụkọ nke "Health Magazine" na Cairo, nakwa onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke "Medical Association Magazine".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ipb.org/nawal-el-sadaawi-in-memory/|title=Nawal El Sadaawi – In Memory|first=Ingeborg |last=Breines|author-link=Ingeborg Breines|website=ipb.org|publisher=IPB – International Peace Bureau|access-date=19 February 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gold.ac.uk/news/nawal-el-saadawi-tribute/|title=Tribute to doctor, writer and activist Nawal El Saadawi|website=gold.ac.uk|publisher=[[Goldsmiths University of London]]|date=26 March 2021|access-date=19 February 2024}}</ref> == Ide ihe == [[File:Nawal El Saadawi 02.JPG|thumb|right|Saadawi at the [[Göteborg Book Fair]] in 2010]] Saadawi malitere ide ihe na mbido ọrụ ya. Ihe odide mbụ ya gụnyere ọtụtụ akụkọ dị mkpirikpi nke akpọrọ ''Amụtara m Ịhụnanya'' (1957) na akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya, ''Memoirs of a Woman Doctor'' (1958). O mechara dee ọtụtụ akwụkwọ akụkọ na obere akụkọ na akwụkwọ ncheta onwe ya, ''Memoir from the Women's Prison'' (1986). E bipụtala Saadawi n'ọtụtụ akwụkwọ akụkọ, a sụgharịkwara ọrụ ya site na Arabic mbụ gaa na ihe karịrị asụsụ 30.<ref>Van Allen, Judith Imel, [https://books.google.com/books?id=fy11AwAAQBAJ&dq=saadawi+translated+into+more+than+30+languages&pg=PT1369 "Saadawi, Nawal El (1931–)"], in Gary L. Anderson and Kathryn G. Herr (eds), ''Encyclopedia of Activism and Social Justice'', Sage Publications, 2007, pp. 1249–1250.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=El Saadawi, Nawal (1932–) {{!}} Encyclopedia.com |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/international/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/el-saadawi-nawal-1932 |access-date=15 May 2022 |website=www.encyclopedia.com}}</ref> Na 1972, o bipụtara akwụkwọ mbụ ya nke anaghị akụkọ ifo, ''Women and Sex'',<ref name="women" /> which evoked the antagonism of highly placed political and theological authorities.<ref name="Krajeski, The New Yorker" /> O mekwara ka a chụọ ya n'ọrụ na Ministri Ahụike.<ref name="women" /> Ọrụ ndị ọzọ gụnyere ''The Hidden Face of Eve'',<ref>{{cite book |title=The hidden face of Eve : women in the Arab world |oclc=924716956 }}</ref> ''God Dies by the Nile'',<ref>{{cite book |title=God dies by the Nile |oclc=12583064 }}</ref> ''The Circling Song'',<ref>{{cite book |title=The circling song |oclc=18587928 }}</ref> ''Searching'',<ref>{{cite book |title=Searching |oclc=24707056 }}</ref> ''The Fall of the Imam'' (a kọwara ya dị ka "mkpughe dị ike ma na-akpali akpali nke ihe egwu ndị ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụaka nwere ike ikpughe site na nkwenkwe okpukpe"),<ref>{{cite journal |first=Philip |last=Womack |author-link=Philip Womack |url=http://newhumanist.org.uk/2119/the-fall-of-the-imam-by-nawal-el-saadawi |title=The Fall of the Imam by Nawal El Saadawi (review) |journal=[[New Humanist]] |date=20 August 2009}}</ref> and ''Woman at Point Zero''.<!--{{Citation needed|date=March 2021}}--><ref>{{cite book|title=Woman at point zero |oclc=10887569 }}</ref> Ọtụtụ mmadụ akatọọla ọrụ ya bụ 'The Hidden Face of Eve' maka nkwupụta na ọ na-ede maka "onye mba ọzọ na-akatọ onye mba ọzọ".<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=Amireh |first=Amal |date=2000 |title=Framing Nawal El Saadawi: Arab Feminism in a Transnational World |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/495572 |journal=Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=215–249 |doi=10.1086/495572 |s2cid=143010343 |issn=0097-9740|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Aha mbụ nke akwụkwọ ahụ, nke a sụgharịrị ozugbo na Bekee bụ "Ihu Gbara Ọtọ nke Nwanyị Arab" ewepụrụkwa ọtụtụ isiakwụkwọ na mbipụta Bekee nke akwụkwọ ahụ, ma e jiri ya tụnyere nke mbụ nke Arabic ahụ.<ref name=":3" /> O tinyere aka na ihe nkiri "Mgbe nwanyị nupụrụ isi" na akwụkwọ akụkọ nke afọ 1984 ''Sisterhood Is Global'', nke edeziri site na onye deziri ya Robin Morgan,<ref name="global">{{cite web |url=https://catalog.vsc.edu/lscfind/Record/154795/TOC#tabnav |title=Sisterhood Is Global: Table of Contents |publisher=Catalog.vsc.edu |access-date=15 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208065459/https://catalog.vsc.edu/lscfind/Record/154795/TOC#tabnav |archive-date=8 December 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ma bụrụ onye tinyere aka na nchịkọta akụkọ nke afọ 2019 ''New Daughters of Africa'', edited by [[Margaret Busby]], nke gụnyere edemede ya "Banyere M n'Africa—Ndọrọ Ndọrọ Ọchịchị na Okpope n'oge Nwatakịrị M".<ref>[[Imani Perry|Perry, Imani]] (29 March 2019), [https://www.ft.com/content/2a4e64a8-508a-11e9-8f44-fe4a86c48b33 "New Daughters of Africa — a new anthology of a groundbreaking book"], ''[[Financial Times]]''.</ref><ref>Rocker-Clinton, Johnna (August 2019), [https://sanfranciscobookreview.com/product/new-daughters-of-africa-an-international-anthology-of-writing-by-women-of-african-descent/ "Margaret Busby does it again!"] (review of ''New Daughters of Africa: An International Anthology of Writing by Women of African Descent''), ''San Francisco Book Review''.</ref> E bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ Saadawi nke akpọrọ 'Zeina' na Lebanọn n'afọ 2009. E bipụtara nsụgharị French ahụ n'okpuru aha njirimara Nawal Zeinab el Sayed, site na iji aha nne ya mbụ.<ref>{{cite news|title=Radical writer back with vengeance|url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/world/africa/radical-writer-back-with-vengeance-1.486421/|work= The National|access-date=17 November 2014|date=7 September 2009}}</ref> Saadawi na-asụ asụsụ [[asụsụ Bekee|Bekee]] nke ọma, tinyere obodo ya.Egyptian Arabic.<ref>{{cite web|first=Hans Ulrich |last=Obrist|url=http://www.e-flux.com/journal/42/60256/in-conversation-with-nawal-el-saadawi/ |title=In Conversation with Nawal El Saadawi|website=e-flux Journal|number=42|date= February 2013}}</ref> Dịka o si dee ya n'asụsụ Arabic, ọ hụrụ ajụjụ nke ịtụgharị asụsụ Bekee ma ọ bụ French dị ka "nnukwu nsogbu" nke jikọtara ya na eziokwu ahụ bụ na <blockquote>"ike ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya bụ nke Bekee ma ọ bụ French na-asụkarị.... Ndị nwere nnukwu akwụkwọ n'ụwa ka na-eleghara m anya, n'ihi na m na-ede ihe n'asụsụ Arabic, nakwa n'ihi na m na-akatọ echiche ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya, nke onye na-achị obodo, nke onye na-akpa ókè agbụrụ, na nke ndị nna ochie nke ndị ọchịchị ukwu."<ref>{{cite web|first=Dele Meiji |last=Fatunla|url=http://newafricanmagazine.com/nawal-el-saadawi-identity-not-fixed/ |title=Nawal El Saadawi: 'My identity is not fixed'|magazine=[[New African]]|date= 30 June 2016}}</ref></blockquote> Akwụkwọ ya ''Mufakirat Tifla fi Al-Khamisa wa Al-Thamaneen''(Akwụkwọ Ndetu nke Nwa agbọghọ dị afọ 85), nke dabere na ihe e dere n'akwụkwọ akụkọ ya, ka e bipụtara n'afọ 2017.<ref>{{cite web|first=Mahmoud |last=El-Wardani|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/18/62/273741/Books/Review/At-,-Nawal-ElSaadawi-writes-about-Nawal-ElSaadawi.aspx |title=At 85, Nawal El-Saadawi writes about Nawal El-Saadawi|website=Ahram Online|date= 5 August 2017}}</ref> == Echiche == ===Mmegide megide mmebi akụkụ ahụ nwoke na nwanyị=== Mgbe ọ dị obere, Saadawi mere usoro nke ebe ụmụ nwanyị na-ebipụ akụkụ ahụ ha.<ref>el-Saadawi, Nawal, ''The Hidden Face of Eve'', Part 1: The Mutilated Half.</ref> Mgbe ọ bụ okenye, o dere gbasara omume a ma katọọ ya. O zara ọnwụ nke otu nwa agbọghọ dị afọ iri na abụọ, Bedour Shaker, n'oge a na-eme ịwa ahụ maka ibi úgwù n'ime akụkụ ahụ mmadụ na 2007 site n'ide ihe: "Bedour, ị̀ nwụrụ anwụ ka ìhè wee nwuo n'uche ndị gbara ọchịchịrị? Ị ga-eji ndụ gị dị oké ọnụ ahịa kwụọ ụgwọ ... ka ndị dọkịta na ndị ụkọchukwu mụta na okpukpe ziri ezi anaghị ebipụ akụkụ ahụ ụmụaka?"<ref>Michael, Maggie, [http://www.physorg.com/news102393179.html "Egypt Officials Ban Female Circumcision"<!-- Bot generated title -->], Phys.org, 30 June 2007. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070702171148/http://www.physorg.com/news102393179.html |date=2 July 2007 }}.</ref> Dịka dọkịta na onye na-akwado ikike mmadụ, Saadawi megidere ibi ụmụ nwoke úgwù. O kwenyere na ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị kwesịrị ka e chebe ha pụọ ​​na mmebi akụkụ ahụ ha.<ref name="theglobaldispatches">{{cite web|url=http://www.theglobaldispatches.com/articles/nawal-al-saadawi|first=Allston|last=Mitchell|title=Nawal al Saadawi|work=The Global Dispatches|date=16 May 2010|access-date=12 February 2014|archive-date=7 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170707223358/http://www.theglobaldispatches.com/articles/nawal-al-saadawi|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Ọchịchị mmadụ na Feminism === Saadawi kọwara onwe ya dị ka "onye na-akwado ụmụnwaanyị na soshal midia", na-ekwere na a pụghị imeri ọgụ ụmụnwaanyị n'okpuru ọchịchị kapitalizim.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Fawzy |first=Mary |date=7 May 2021 |title=The socialist feminism of Nawal El Saadawi |url=https://www.newframe.com/the-socialist-feminism-of-nawal-el-saadawi/ |access-date=22 December 2022 |website=New Frame}}</ref> Nkwenye a nke ndị otu ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya apụtala site n'ikpe na-ezighị ezi ọ hụrụ ná ndụ ya.<ref name=":4" /> N'akwụkwọ ya bụ 'The Zoro Ezo nke Eve', o dere gbasara otu a na-agaghị esi kewapụ ndụ mmekọahụ na nke mmetụta uche nke ndị mmadụ na ndụ akụnụba ha na mmepụta ha, ya mere iwu ọnọdụ onwe onye na mba Arab ga-abụrịrị ihe kacha mkpa nye ndị socialist.<ref>{{Citation |chapter=Introduction |date=2015 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350251076.0006 |title=The Hidden Face of Eve |publisher=Zed Books |doi=10.5040/9781350251076.0006 |isbn=978-0-90576-251-7 |access-date=22 December 2022|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name=":4" /> N'ajụjụ ọnụ a gbara ya na 2018, o kwuru na ya abụghị onye Marxist, ebe ọ gụchara akwụkwọ ya nke ọ chọpụtara na ọ na-enwe nsogbu na ya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nawal El Saadawi on feminism, fiction and the illusion of democracy |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=djMfFU7DIB8 |language=en |publisher=[[Channel 4 News]]|via=YouTube|date=13 June 2018|access-date=22 December 2022}}</ref> ===Okpukperechi=== N'ajụjụ ọnụ ya nke afọ 2014, Saadawi kwuru na "isi ihe kpatara mmegbu ụmụ nwanyị dị n'usoro ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya zuru ụwa ọnụ, nke okpukperechi kwadoro".<ref>{{Cite web|title = They don't want any really courageous people!|url = http://en.qantara.de/content/interview-with-nawal-el-saadawi-they-dont-want-any-really-courageous-people|website = Qantara.de - Dialogue with the Islamic World|access-date =5 November 2015|last = Fariborz|first = Arian|date =5 July 2014}}</ref> Mgbe ọtụtụ narị mmadụ nwụrụ n'ihe a kpọrọ [[2015 Mina stampede|"stampede" n'oge njem njem 2015]] (Hajj) nke ndị Alakụba gaa [[Mecca]], Saudi Arabia, o kwuru, sị: <blockquote>"Ha na-ekwu maka ịgbanwe ụzọ e si achịkwa Hajj, gbasara ime ka ndị mmadụ na-eme njem n'obere ìgwè. Ihe ha na-ekwughị bụ na ihe a mere n'ihi na ndị a na-alụ ọgụ ịtụ ekwensu nkume. Gịnị mere ha ji kwesị ịtụ ekwensu nkume? Gịnị mere ha ji kwesị isusu nkume ojii ahụ ọnụ? Mana ọ dịghị onye ga-ekwu nke a. Ndị mgbasa ozi agaghị ebipụta ya. Gịnị ka ọ bụ, enweghị mmasị ịkatọ okpukpe? ... Ọjụjụ a ịkatọ okpukpe ... abụghị liberalism. Nke a bụ mmachibido iwu."<ref name=Cooke /></blockquote> O kwuru na ihe ndị dị na Hajj, dịka isusu Okute Ojii ọnụ, nwere mgbọrọgwụ ndị ọgọ mmụọ tupu okpukpe Islam.<ref>Fiona Lloyd-Davies, [https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/correspondent/1619902.stm "No compromise"], ''Correspondent'', BBC News, 26 October 2001.</ref> Saadawi was involved in the academic exploration of [[Arab identity]] throughout her writing career.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Hanadi|first1=Al-Samman|title=Diasporic Na(rra)tions: Arab Women Rewriting Exile|date=2000|publisher=[[Indiana University]]|page=25}}</ref> Saadawi kọwara mkpuchi ihu nke ndị Alakụba dị ka "ngwaọrụ mmegbu ụmụ nwanyị".<ref name="theglobaldispatches" /> ===Ebumnuche nke ụmụ nwanyị=== Ọ katọrọkwa ihe megidere ihe ndị e ji mara ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ nwanyị n'usoro mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya nke a na-ahụkarị na Yuropu na US,<ref>{{cite book|last1=El Saadawi|first1=Nawal|title=The Nawal El Saadawi Reader|publisher=Zed Books|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r9SPVEG3cv0C|date=1997|isbn=9781856495141|access-date=8 April 2015}}</ref> na-akpasu ndị otu nwanyị ibe ha iwe site n'ikwu okwu megide etemeete na uwe ndị na-ekpughe ihe.<ref name=taylor/> ===United States=== N'okwu nkuzi nke afọ 2002 na [[Mahadum California na Berkeley's Center for Middle Eastern Studies]], Saadawi kọwara agha nke US duziri megide Afghanistan dị ka "agha iji mee ihe n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi na mmanụ dị na mpaghara ahụ", na amụma mba ofesi nke US na nkwado ya nye Israel dị ka "ezigbo iyi ọha egwu.".<ref>{{cite web|last1=Pasquini|first1=Elaine|title=El Saadawi Calls U.S. Foreign Policy 'Real Terrorism'|url=https://www.questia.com/magazine/1P3-110120822/el-saadawi-calls-u-s-foreign-policy-real-terrorism|via=|work=Washington Report on Middle East Affairs|date=March 2002|access-date=|archive-date=9 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160409040731/https://www.questia.com/magazine/1P3-110120822/el-saadawi-calls-u-s-foreign-policy-real-terrorism|url-status=dead}}</ref> Saadawi held the opinion that Egyptians are forced into poverty by US aid.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Nielsen|first1=Nikolaj|title=Nawal El Saadawi: 'I am against stability. We need revolution'|url=http://chronikler.com/middle-east/egypt/nawal-el-saadawi-interview/|access-date=19 November 2014|work=The Chronikler|date=11 July 2013}}</ref> ==Fim== Saadawi bụ isiokwu nke ihe nkiri "She Speaked the Unspeakable", nke [[Jill Nicholls]] duziri, nke a na-agbasa na February 2017 na usoro ihe nkiri telivishọn [[BBC One]] ''[[Imagine (usoro ihe nkiri TV)|Imagine]]''.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b08g7hr8 "She Spoke the Unspeakable"], BBC One, ''Imagine'', Winter 2017. [http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x5cu7f1 Via] [[Dailymotion]].</ref> ==Ọnwụ== Saadawi nwụrụ n'abalị iri abụọ na otu nke ọnwa Maachị afọ 2021, mgbe ọ dị afọ iri asatọ na itoolu, n'ụlọọgwụ dị na Cairo.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://english.ahram.org.eg/News/407474.aspx|title=Renowned Egyptian feminist, author Nawal El-Saadawi dies at the age of 89|website=[[Ahram Online]]|first=Mohammed |last=Saad |date=21 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://egyptianstreets.com/2021/03/21/pioneering-egyptian-feminist-nawal-el-saadawi-dies-aged-89/|title=Pioneering Egyptian Feminist Nawal El Saadawi Dies Aged 89|website=[[Egyptian Streets]]|date=21 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/1829281/offbeat |title=Arab author, women's rights icon Nawal El-Saadawi dies in Cairo |website=Arab News |date=21 March 2021 }}</ref> Her life was commemorated on [[BBC Radio 4]]'s obituary programme ''[[Last Word]]''.<ref>{{cite episode| title= Nawal El Saadawi (pictured), Brigadier Jack Thomas, President John Magufuli, Ion Mihai Pacepa| series= [[Last Word]]| credits= Producer: Neil George; Interviewed guests: [[Mona Eltahawy]], Sally Nabil| station= BBC Radio 4| airdate= 26 March 2021| url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/m000tg67 | access-date= 28 March 2021 }}</ref> ==Ihe nrite na nsọpụrụ ahọpụtara== *2004: [[North–South Prize site na [[Council of Europe]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.coe.int/en/web/north-south-centre/previous-laureates-of-the-north-south-prize|title=Previous laureates of the North-South Prize|publisher=Council of Europe|website=coe.int}}</ref> *2005: Inana International Prize, Belgium<ref name="auto1"/> *2007: Honorary Doctorate, [[Vrije Universiteit Brussel]], Belgium<ref>{{cite book|chapter-url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-1-137-58730-5_4|publisher=Nawal El Saadawi|doi=10.1007/978-1-137-58730-5_4|title=Diary of a Child Called Souad|year=2016|last1=El Saadawi|first1=Nawal|chapter=Nawal el Saadawi and a History of Oppression: Brief Biographical Facts |pages=153–158|isbn=978-1-137-58936-1}}</ref> *2007: Honorary Doctorate, [[Université libre de Bruxelles]], Belgium<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ulb.be/en/about-ulb/ulbs-honorary-doctorates|title=ULB's honorary doctorates|website=ulb.be|publisher=Université libre de Bruxelles}}</ref> *2010: Honorary Doctorate, [[National Autonomous University of Mexico]], Mexico<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.barrons.com/news/author-physician-nawal-el-saadawi-egypt-s-critic-of-taboos-01616337305?tesla=y|title=Author, Physician Nawal El-Saadawi, Egypt's Critic Of Taboos|website=barrons.com|first=Farid|last= Farid|publisher=Barron's|date=21 March 2021}}</ref> *2011: [[Stig Dagerman Prize]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://blog.svd.se/kultur/2012/01/09/motvillig-el-saadawi-far-dagermanpriset/ |title=Motvillig El Saadawi får Dagermanpriset |work=[[SvD]] |language=sv |date=9 January 2012 |access-date=27 October 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aftonbladet.se/kultur/article14833794.ab |title=Lydnad är ett dödligt gift |work=Kultur |language=sv |date=15 May 2012 |access-date=27 October 2012}}</ref> *2012: [[Seán MacBride Peace Prize]]<ref name="auto2"/> *2015: [[BBC's 100 Women]]<ref name="bbc">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-34745739|title=BBC 100 Women 2015: Who is on the list?|date=17 November 2015|work=BBC News|access-date=3 August 2019|language=en-GB}}</ref> *2020: ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]''{{'}}s 100 Women of the Year (1981)<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://time.com/5793662/nawal-el-saadawi-100-women-of-the-year/ |title=1981: Nawal El Saadawi |magazine=Time |date=5 March 2020 }}</ref> ==Ọrụ ndị ahọpụtara== Saadawi dere ihe nke ọma, wee tinye ụfọdụ n'ime ọrụ ya n'ịntanetị.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Amireh |first=Amal |date=2000 |title=Framing Nawal El Saadawi: Arab Feminism in a Transnational World |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3175385 |journal=Signs |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=215–249 |doi=10.1086/495572 |jstor=3175385 |s2cid=143010343 |issn=0097-9740|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Saiti |first1=Ramzi |last2=Salti |first2=Ramzi M. |date=1994 |title=Paradise, Heaven, and Other Oppressive Spaces: A Critical Examination of the Life and Works of Nawal el-Saadawi |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4183334 |journal=Journal of Arabic Literature |volume=25 |issue=2 |pages=152–174 |doi=10.1163/157006494X00059 |jstor=4183334 |issn=0085-2376|url-access=subscription }}</ref> '''Akwụkwọ akụkọ na akwụkwọ akụkọ''' * ''Mudhakkirat tabiba'' (Cairo, 1958). ''Memoirs of a Woman Doctor'', trans. [[Catherine Cobham]] (Saqi Books, 1988) * ''Al ghayib'' (Cairo, 1965). ''Searching'', trans. Shirley Eber (Zed Books, 1991) * ''Imra'tani fi-Imra'a'' (Cairo, 1968). ''Two Women in One'', trans. [[Osman Nusairi]] and Jana Gough (Saqi Books, 1985) * ''Maut ar-raǧul al-waḥīd ʿala ‚l-arḍ'' (1974). ''[[God Dies by the Nile]]'', trans. [[Sherif Hetata]] (Zed Books, 1985) * ''Al-khait wa'ayn al-hayat'' (Cairo, 1976). ''The Well of Life and the Thread: Two Short Novels'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Lime Tree, 1993) * ''Ughniyat al-atfal al da iriyah'' (Beirut: Dar al-Adab, 1977). ''The Circling Song'', trans. Marilyn Booth (Zed Books, 1989) * ''Emra'a enda noktat el sifr'' (Beirut: Dar al-Adab, 1977). ''[[Woman at Point Zero]]'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Zed Books, 1983) * ''Mawt Ma'ali al-Wazir Sabiqan'' (1980). ''Death of an Ex-Minister'', trans. Shirley Eber (Methuen, 1987) * ''Suqūṭ al-imām'' (Cairo, 1987). ''[[The Fall of the Imam]]'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Methuen, 1988) * ''Jann āt wa-Iblīs'' (Beirut, 1992). ''The Innocence of the Devil'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Methuen, 1994) * ''Ḥubb fī zaman al-naf̣t'' (Cairo, 1993). ''Love in the Kingdom of Oil'', trans. [[Basil Hatim]] and Malcolm Williams (Saqi Books, 2001) * ''Al-Riwayah'' (Cairo: Dar El Hilal, 2004). ''The Novel'', trans. [[Omnia Amin]] and [[Rick London]] (Interlink Books, 2009) * ''Zeina'' (Beirut: Dar Al Saqi, 2009). ''Zeina'', trans. [[Amira Nowaira]] (Saqi Books, 2011) '''Nchịkọta akụkọ dị mkpirikpi''' * ''Ta'allamt al-hubb'' (Cairo, 1957). ''I Learned Love'' * ''Lahzat sidq'' (Cairo, 1959). ''Moment of Truth'' * ''Little Tenderness'' (Cairo, 1960) * ''al-Khayt wa-l-jidar'' (1972). ''The Thread and the Wall'' * ''Ain El Hayat'' (Beirut, 1976) * ''Kānat hiya al-aḍʻaf'' ["She Was the Weaker"] (1979). ''She Has No Place in Paradise'', trans. Shirley Eber (Methuen, 1987). Includes three additional stories: "She Has No Place in Paradise", "Two Women Friends", and "'Beautiful'". * ''Adab Am Kellet Abad'' (Cairo, 2000) '''Egwuregwu''' * ''Ithna 'ashar imra'a fi zinzana wahida'' (Cairo, 1984). ''Twelve Women in a Cell'' * ''Isis'' (Cairo, 1985) * ''God Resigns in the Summit Meeting'' (1996), published by Madbouli, and four other plays included in her ''Collected Works'' (45 books in Arabic), Cairo: Madbouli, 2007 * ''Twelve Women in a Cell: Plays by Mediterranean Women'' (Aurora Metro Books, 1994) '''Ihe ncheta''' * ''Mudhakkirat fi Sijn al-Nisa'' (Cairo, 1983). ''Memoirs from the Women's Prison'', trans. Marilyn Booth ([[The Women's Press]], 1986) * ''Rihlati hawla al-'alam'' (Cairo, 1986). ''My Travels Around the World'', trans. Shirley Eber (Methuen, 1991) * ''Memoirs of a Child Called Soad'' (Cairo, 1990) * ''Awraqi hayati'', first volume (Cairo, 1995). ''A Daughter of Isis'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Zed Books, 1999) * ''Awraqi hayati'', second volume (Cairo, 1998). ''Walking Through Fire'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Zed Books, 2002) * ''My Life, Part III'' (Cairo, 2001) '''Akụkọ na-abụghị akụkọ ifo''' * ''Women and Sex'' (Cairo, 1969) * ''Woman Is the Origin'' (Cairo, 1971) * ''Men and Sex'' (Cairo, 1973) * ''The Naked Face of Arab Women'' (Cairo, 1974) * ''Women and Neurosis'' (Cairo, 1975) * ''Al-Wajh al-'ari lil-mar'a al-'arabiyy'' (1977). ''The Hidden Face of Eve: Women in the Arab World'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Zed Press, 1980) * ''On Women'' (Cairo, 1986) * ''A New Battle in Arab Women Liberation'' (Cairo, 1992) * ''Collection of Essays'' (Cairo, 1998) * ''Collection of Essays'' (Cairo, 2001) * ''Breaking Down Barriers'' (Cairo, 2004) '''Compilations in English''' * ''Plays by Mediterranean Women'' (Aurora Metro Books, 1994, {{ISBN|978-0-9515877-3-7}}) * ''North/South: The Nawal El Saadawi Reader'' (Zed Books, 1997) * ''Off Limits: New Writings on Fear and Sin'' (Gingko Library, 2019, {{ISBN|978-88-87847-16-1}}) == Hụkwa ==   *   *   *   * Thesis/dissertation.  <templatestyles src="Module:Side box/styles.css"></templatestyles> * Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Nawal El Saadawi na archive.org * Adele Newson-Horst, "[https://www.worldliteraturetoday.org/blog/literary-tributes/remembering-nawal-el-saadawi-adele-newson-horst "Ịcheta Nawal El Saadawi"]", World Literature Today, 24 March 2021. * [[Ernest Emenyonu]], "NAWAL EL SAADAWI: Ndụ na edemede (Ọktoba 27, 1931 - Machị 21, 2021) ", Boydell na Brewer, 13 Mee 2021. [[Otú:Articles with hCards]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] t3h2opaquo0ed9i3b3kxek8z5guzd7e 736865 736864 2026-10-08T13:11:23Z Adimora chidinma 15845 /* Ide ihe */ 736865 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}   '''Nawal El Saadawi''' ({{langx|ar|نوال السعداوي}}, {{ALA-LC|arz|Nawāl as-Saʿdāwī}};27 Ọktoba 1931 – 21 Maachị 2021) bụ onye edemede feminist nke Ijipt, activist, disciatist, na psychiatrist. O dere ọtụtụ akwụkwọ gbasara ụmụ nwanyị na Islam, na-elekwasị anya n'okwu ndị metụtara ụmụ nwanyị na Global South, gụnyere sexuality, patriarchy social class, na colonialism.<ref name=":3" /> Ọ bụ onye hiwere ma bụrụkwa onyeisi oche nke otu Arab Women's Solidarity Association.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2 March 2015|title=Nawal El Saadawi|url=https://orgs.law.harvard.edu/womeninspiringchange/2015-honorees/nawal-el-saadawi/|access-date=9 October 2020|website=Women Inspiring Change|language=en-US|archive-date=18 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201218120145/https://orgs.law.harvard.edu/womeninspiringchange/2015-honorees/nawal-el-saadawi/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>Hitchcock, Peter; El Saadawi, Nawal; Hatata, Sherif. "Living the Struggle". ''Transition'' 61 (1993): 170–179.</ref> Ọ bụkwa onye hiwere Arab Association for Human Rights.<ref>Nawal El Saadawi, "Presentation by Nawal El Saadawi: President's Forum, M/MLA Annual Convention, November 4, 1999", ''The Journal of the Midwest Modern Language Association'' 33.3–34.1 (Autumn 2000 – Winter 2001): 34–39.</ref> O nwetara akara ugo mmụta nsọpụrụ site na mahadum dị na kọntinent atọ. Na 2004, Kọnsụl nke Yuropu nyere ya North–South Prize. Na 2005, o nwetara ihe nrite mba ụwa Inana na Belgium.<ref name="auto1">[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jue04c1_wkY "PEN World Voices Arthur Miller Freedom to Write Lecture by Nawal El Saadawi"], YouTube. 8 September 2009.</ref> Na 2012, International Peace Bureau nyere ya onyinye Seán MacBride Peace Prize.<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web|title=International Peace Bureau|url=http://www.ipb.org/web/index.php?mostra=news&menu=home&id_nom=IPB+to+award+2012+Sean+MacBride+Peace+Prize+to+Nawal+El-Sadaawi+and+Lina+Ben+Mhenni|website=www.ipb.org|access-date=25 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925221701/http://www.ipb.org/web/index.php?mostra=news&menu=home&id_nom=IPB+to+award+2012+Sean+MacBride+Peace+Prize+to+Nawal+El-Sadaawi+and+Lina+Ben+Mhenni|archive-date=25 September 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ndụ mbido == A mụrụ Saadawi, onye nke abụọ n'ime ụmụ itoolu, na 27 Ọktoba 1931 n'obodo nta dị na [[Kafr Tahla]], [[Egypt]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/mar/22/nawal-el-saadawi-obituary|title=Nawal El Saadawi obituary|date=22 March 2021|first=Sarah A|last= Smith|website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Elkhatib |first1=Sameh |title=Egyptian feminist and author el-Saadawi dies at 89 |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/egyptian-feminist-author-el-saadawi-dies-89-2021-03-22/ |website=Reuters |access-date=24 March 2026}}</ref> E mere Saadawi ebe ụmụ nwanyị bi n'ime akụkụ ahụ ha <ref name=Khaleeli /> at the age of six,<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last1=Sa'dawi|first1=Nawal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I9vqMossOjoC|title=A Daughter of Isis: The Autobiography of Nawal El Saadawi|last2=Saadawi|first2=Nawal El|last3=Saʻdāwī|first3=Nawāl|last4=Saʿdāwī|first4=Nawāl as-|date=1999|publisher=[[Zed Books]]|isbn=978-1-85649-680-3|pages=63–87|language=en}}</ref> ọ bụ ezie na nna ya kwenyere na ụmụ agbọghọ na ụmụ nwoke kwesịrị ịgụ akwụkwọ. O kwuru na nne na nna ya bụ ndị nwere nnwere onwe mgbe ha na-etolite.<ref name=":1"/> Nna ya Upper Egypt bụ onye ọrụ gọọmentị na [[w:Ministry of Education (Egypt)|Ministry of Education]], onye lụsoro ọgụ megide British rebel Egypt n'oge Egypt Revolution of 1919. N'ihi ya, a chụpụrụ ya n'obodo nta dị na Naịl, gọọmentị ekweghịkwa ịkwalite ya ruo afọ 10. Ọ bụ onye na-aga n'ihu ma kụziere nwa ya nwanyị ịkwanyere onwe ya ùgwù na ikwu okwu n'uche ya. Ọ gbakwara ya ume ka ọ mụọ asụsụ Arabik. Agbanyeghị, mgbe El Saadawi dị afọ 10, ezinụlọ ya gbalịrị ime ka ọ lụọ di, mana nne ya kwadoro ya n'ịjụ.<ref name=taylor>{{Cite news |title=Nawal El Saadawi: Feminist firebrand who dared to write dangerously (obituary) |last=Taylor-Coleman |first=Jasmine |website=BBC News |date=21 March 2021 |url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-55048245}}</ref> Both her parents died at a young age,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Nawal El Saadawi|url=http://faculty.webster.edu/woolflm/saadawi.html|access-date=25 September 2015|website=faculty.webster.edu|archive-date=2 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170602080913/http://faculty.webster.edu/woolflm/saadawi.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>{{Unreliable source?|date=September 2021|sure=y|reason=This is an unpublished undergraduate student assignment paper}} na-ahapụ Saadawi naanị ibu ọrụ nke ilekọta ezinụlọ buru ibu.<ref name="bornexile">{{Cite web |url=http://www.nawalsaadawi.net/oldsite/articlesnawal/bornexile.htm |title=Exile and Resistance |first=Nawal |last=El Saadaw|website=Nawal El Saadawi/Sherif Hetata |date=November 2002|access-date=23 June 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091027223127/http://www.nawalsaadawi.net/oldsite/articlesnawal/bornexile.htm |archive-date=27 October 2009 |url-status=usurped }}</ref> Nne ya, Zaynab, sitere n'agbụrụ bara ọgaranya [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]];<ref>{{cite news|last=Cowell|first=Alan |author-link=Alan Cowell |year=2021|title=Nawal El Saadawi, Advocate for Women in the Arab World, Dies at 89 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/21/obituaries/nawal-el-saadawi-dead.html|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|quote=Nawal El Saadawi was born on Oct. 27, 1931, in the village of Kafr Tahla, a settlement in the lower Nile Delta, the second of nine children. Her mother, Zaynab (Shoukry) El Saadawi, was partially descended from a wealthy Ottoman family. Her father, Al-Sayed El Saadawi, was an official in the government’s education ministry. }}</ref> Saadawi kọwara nna nna ya nke nne ya, Shoukry,<ref>{{cite book|first=Nawal|last= El Saadawi|year=2013|title=A Daughter of Isis: The Early Life of Nawal El Saadawi|publisher=Zed Books|isbn=978-1848136403}}</ref> na nne nne ya dị ka onye Ottoman si malite.<ref name="CaliforniaUni">{{citation|first=Nawal|last= El Saadawi|year=1986|title=Memoirs from the Women's Prison|publisher=University of California Press|page=64|quote= "My eyes widened in astonishment. Even my maternal grandmother used to sing, although she was born to a Turkish mother and lived in my grandfather's house in the epoch when harems still existed." |isbn=0520088883}}</ref> Ọbụna mgbe ọ bụ nwata, ọ katọrọ obodo ndị nwoke bi na ya, ebe ụmụ nwoke ji ha kpọrọ ihe karịa ụmụ nwanyị, na-emeghachi omume n'iwe nye nne nne ya, onye kwuru na "nwoke bara uru ụmụ nwanyị iri na ise ma ọ dịkarịa ala... Ụmụ agbọghọ bụ nsogbu".<ref name=taylor/> O ji nganga kọwaa onwe ya dị ka nwanyị Ijipt [[agba ọchịchịrị]] kemgbe ọ dị obere.<ref>{{Citation|url=https://zora.medium.com/my-childhood-in-egypt-not-knowing-i-was-in-africa-27580b07a93b|title=My Childhood in Egypt, Not Knowing I Was in Africa|first=Nawal|last=El Saadawi|website=zora.medium.com|date=13 June 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=New Daughters of Africa|chapter=About Me in Africa—Politics and Religion in my Childhood|editor-first=Margaret|first=El Saadawi|last=Nawal|editor-last=Busby|publisher=[[Myriad Editions]]|edition=paperback|pages=42–44|date=2020}}</ref> == Career == Saadawi graduated as a medical doctor in 1955 from [[Cairo University]]. That year, she married Ahmed Helmi, whom she met as a fellow student in medical school. They have a daughter, Mona Helmi.<ref name=Khaleeli/> The marriage ended after two years.<ref name=JoISR>{{cite journal|first=Yusuf|last=Koseli|title=A PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH TO THE NOVEL OF NAWAL EL SAADAWI TITLED MÜZEKKİRAT TABİBE|journal=The Journal of International Social Research|date=2013|volume=6|issue=28|url=http://www.sosyalarastirmalar.com/cilt6/cilt6sayi28_pdf/koseli_yusuf.pdf|access-date=15 April 2020}}</ref><ref name=Khaleeli>{{Cite web|title = Nawal El Saadawi: Egypt's radical feminist|url = https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2010/apr/15/nawal-el-saadawi-egyptian-feminist|website =The Guardian|date= 15 April 2010|access-date =15 April 2020|first = Homa|last = Khaleeli}}</ref> Through her medical practice, she observed women's physical and psychological problems and connected them with oppressive cultural practices, patriarchal oppression, class oppression and imperialist oppression.<ref name="women">[http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/1999/462/women.htm Feminism in a nationalist century] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100419040800/http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/1999/462/women.htm |date=19 April 2010 }}</ref> Her second husband was a colleague, Rashad Bey.<ref name=JoISR/><ref>{{cite thesis|url=https://www.academia.edu/23224495|title=Voice of Oppressed from the Margins: A Critical Reading on Nawal El Saadawi's "Woman at Point Zero"|last=Puthiyakath|first=Hashim H.|publisher=[[Central University of Tamil Nadu]]|access-date=15 April 2020}}</ref> While working as a doctor in her birthplace of Kafr Tahla, she observed the hardships and inequalities faced by rural women. After attempting to protect one of her patients from [[domestic violence]], Saadawi was summoned back to Cairo. She eventually became the Director of the Ministry of [[public health|Public Health]] and met her third husband, [[Sherif Hatata]], while sharing an office in the Ministry of Health. Hatata, also a medical doctor and writer, had been a [[political prisoner]] for 13 years. They married in 1964 and have a son.<ref name="bornexile"/><ref name=Khaleeli/> Saadawi and Hatata lived together for 43 years<ref name=Cooke>{{cite web|last1=Cooke|first1=Rachel|title=Nawal El Saadawi: 'Do you feel you are liberated? I feel I am not'|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/oct/11/nawal-el-saadawi-interview-do-you-feel-you-are-liberated-not|work=[[The Observer]]|date=11 October 2015|access-date=15 April 2020}}</ref> and divorced in 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/18/62/99644/Books/Review/ElSaadawi-and-Hatata-Voyage-of-a-lifetime.aspx|title=El-Saadawi and Hatata: Voyage of a lifetime|date=24 April 2014|publisher=Ahram Online|first=Mahmoud |last=El-Wardani|access-date=15 April 2020}}</ref> [[File:Shirin Ershadi, Shirin Ebadi and Nawal el-Saadawi (2413951897).jpg|thumb|[[Shirin Ershadi]], [[Shirin Ebadi]] and Nawal el-Saadawi]] Saadawi attended [[Columbia University]], earning a master's degree in public health in 1966.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Smith|first=Harrison|date=23 March 2021|title=Nawal El Saadawi, Egyptian author, physician and feminist activist, dies at 89|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/nawal-el-saadawi-dead/2021/03/23/43c7c250-8b19-11eb-a730-1b4ed9656258_story.html|access-date=16 June 2021}}</ref> In 1972, she published ''Woman and Sex'' ({{lang|ar|المرأة والجنس}}), confronting and contextualising various aggressions perpetrated against women's bodies, including female circumcision. The book became a foundational text of [[second-wave feminism]]. As a consequence of the book and her political activities, Saadawi was dismissed from her position at the Ministry of Health.<ref name="women" /> She also lost her positions as chief editor of a health journal, and as Assistant General Secretary in the Medical Association in Egypt. From 1973 to 1976, Saadawi worked on researching women and [[neurosis]] in [[Ain Shams University]]'s Faculty of Medicine. From 1979 to 1980, she was the [[United Nations]] Advisor for the Women's Programme in Africa (ECA) and the Middle East (ECWA).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://scholarblogs.emory.edu/postcolonialstudies/2014/06/11/saadawi-nawal-el-2/|title=Saadawi, Nawal el – Postcolonial Studies|website=scholarblogs.emory.edu|language=en-US|access-date=31 July 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r9SPVEG3cv0C&q=Nawal+Saadawi+united+nations+advisor+1979&pg=PR1|title=The Nawal El Saadawi Reader|last=Saʻdāwī|first=Nawāl|date=15 December 1997|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=9781856495141|language=en}}</ref> === Court cases against her === In 2002 a legal attempt was made by Nabih el-Wahsh in an Egyptian Court to legally divorce el-Saadawi from her husband on account of [[hisbah|hesba]], a 9th-century principle of [[shariah law]], that allows for the conviction of Muslims who are seen to be harming Islam. The evidence used against her was a March interview in which el-Wahsh claims was proof she had abandoned Islam. The legal attempt was unsuccessful.<ref name=Khaleeli /><ref>{{Cite web |date=18 June 2001 |title=Cairo writer threatened with divorce |url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2001/jun/18/internationaleducationnews.highereducation |access-date=22 December 2022 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref> In 2008, a similar attempt was made to strip el-Saadawi of her Egyptian nationality due to her radical opinions and writing, this attempt was also unsuccessful.<ref name=Khaleeli /> === Mkpọrọ === Kemgbe gọọmentị Ijipt lere ya anya dị ka ihe na-ese okwu ma dị ize ndụ, Saadawi nyere aka bipụta akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị otu nwanyị na 1981 nke akpọrọ ''Confrontation.'' President of Egypt Anwar Sadat tụrụ ya mkpọrọ na Septemba.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Uglow|first1=Jennifer S.|author2=Maggy Hendry|title=The Northeastern Dictionary of Women's Biography|url=https://archive.org/details/northeasterndict0000uglo|url-access=registration|year=1999|publisher=Northeastern University Press|isbn= 9781555534219|pages=[https://archive.org/details/northeasterndict0000uglo/page/189 189]–190}}</ref> Saadawi kwuru otu oge n'ajụjụ ọnụ a gbara ya: "E jidere m n'ihi na ekwere m Sadat. O kwuru na e nwere ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na anyị nwere usoro ọtụtụ pati, ị nwekwara ike ịkatọ ya. Ya mere, amalitere m ịkatọ iwu ya, m wee banye n'ụlọ mkpọrọ." Sadat kwuru na ọchịchị e guzobere bụ ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya maka ndị mmadụ, nakwa na ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya dị njikere maka nkatọ bara uru. Dịka Saadawi si kwuo, Sadat tụrụ ya mkpọrọ n'ihi nkatọ ya maka ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya. Ọbụna n'ụlọ mkpọrọ, ọ ka chọtara ụzọ isi lụso mmegbu ụmụ nwanyị ọgụ. Mgbe ọ nọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ, o guzobere otu Arab Women's Solidarity Association. Nke a bụ otu mbụ iwu kwadoro na nke nwere onwe ya na Egypt. N'ụlọ mkpọrọ, a jụrụ ya pen na akwụkwọ, agbanyeghị, nke ahụ egbochighị ya ịnọgide na-ede ihe. O jiri "pensụl nku anya ojii siri ike" na "obere akwụkwọ mposi ochie na nke gbawara agbawa" dekọọ echiche ya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Interview with Nawal el aasawi|url=http://www.nyu.edu/classes/keefer/twenty/nawal.html|last=Network|first=Vile News|date=2015|access-date=26 April 2020}}</ref> A tọhapụrụ ya n'afọ ahụ, otu ọnwa ka e gbusịrị Onyeisiala. Banyere ahụmịhe ya, o dere, sị: "Ihe ize ndụ abụrụla akụkụ nke ndụ m kemgbe m were mkpịsị akwụkwọ wee dee ihe. Ọ dịghị ihe dị ize ndụ karịa eziokwu n'ụwa nke dị ụgha."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/2001/06/03/stories/13030786.htm |title=Egypt's face of courage |work=The Hindu|first=Kalpana|last=Sharma|date=3 June 2001|access-date=25 September 2013 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041030002518/http://www.hinduonnet.com/2001/06/03/stories/13030786.htm |archive-date=30 October 2004 }}</ref> Na afọ 1982, o hiwere otu Arab Women's Solidarity Association.<ref>Hussey, Sierra, [https://www.sahistory.org.za/archive/biography-nawal-el-saadawi-sierra-hussey "Biography of Nawal El Saadawi"], South African History Online.</ref> Ọ kọwara otu ya dị ka "onye akụkọ ihe mere eme, onye na-akwado ọchịchị ọha, na onye na-akwado ikike ụmụ nwanyị".<ref>{{cite magazine |url= https://www.aljadid.com/node/2254|title= Nawal El-Saadawi's 'Daughter of Isis' Life and Times via the Plenitude of Her Writings |first=D.H. |last=Melhem|website=Al Jadid Magazine|volume= 5|number= 29|date=Autumn 1999|access-date=22 March 2021}}</ref> Saadawi bụ otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị e jidere n'ụlọ mkpọrọ ụmụ nwanyị Qanatir. Mkpọrọ ya bụ ntọala maka afọ 1983 ya. ''Memoirs from the Women's Prison'' ({{langx|ar|مذكرات في سجن النساء }}). Mkparịta ụka ya na onye mkpọrọ nọ na Qanatir, afọ itoolu tupu a tụọ ya mkpọrọ ebe ahụ, bụ ihe mkpali maka ọrụ mbụ ya, akwụkwọ akụkọ akpọrọ aha ya bụ ''Woman at Point Zero'' ({{langx|ar|امرأة عند نقطة الصفر}}, 1975).<ref name="Krajeski, The New Yorker">{{Cite magazine|url=http://www.newyorker.com/books/page-turner/the-books-of-nawal-el-saadawi|title=The Books of Nawal El Saadawi|magazine=[[The New Yorker]]|first=Jenna|last=Krajeski|date=7 March 2011|access-date=31 July 2017}}</ref> === Mkpagbu ndị ọzọ, nkuzi na US, na ngagharị iwe ndị ọzọ mechara mee === Na 1993, mgbe ndị Alakụba na mkpagbu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị yiri ndụ ya egwu, a manyere Saadawi ịgbapụ n'Ijipt. Ọ nabatara onyinye ịkụzi ihe na Ngalaba Asụsụ Eshia na Afrịka nke Mahadum Duke dị na [[North Carolina]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Former Visiting Professor in Court, Under Fire in Egypt|url=https://today.duke.edu/2001/06/el-saadawi629.html|date=29 June 2001|website=Duke Today|publisher=Duke University|access-date=1 April 2021|language=en}}</ref><ref name=BMJ>Dr Dora Carpenter-Latiri, [http://blogs.bmj.com/medical-humanities/2015/11/11/the-reading-room-a-review-of-memoirs-of-a-woman-doctor/ "The Reading Room: A review of ‘Memoirs of a woman doctor{{'"}}], ''BMJ'' Blog, 11 November 2015.</ref> nakwa na Mahadum Washington. O mechara nọrọ n'ọtụtụ kọleji na mahadum ndị a ma ama dịka Mahadum Cairo, Harvard, Yale, [[w:Mahadum Columbia|Columbia]], [[w:Mahadum Paris|Sorbonne]], [[w:Mahadum Georgetown|Georgetown]], Mahadum Steeti Florida, na Mahadum California, Berkeley. Na 1996, ọ laghachiri Ijipt.<ref name="BMJ"/><ref>{{cite web|last=Ling|first= Jessica |url=http://www.warscapes.com/blog/today-history-happy-85th-birthday-nawal-el-saadawi |title=Today in History: Happy 85th Birthday, Nawal El Saadawi!|website=Warscapes|date=27 October 2016}}</ref> Saadawi gara n'ihu na-akwado ya ma chee echiche ịzọ ọkwa na 2005 ntuli aka onyeisiala Ijipt, tupu ọ pụọ n'ihi ihe siri ike achọrọ maka ndị ga-azọ ọkwa nke mbụ.<ref>[https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2005/7/16/egypt-presidential-aspirant-pulls-out "Egypt presidential aspirant pulls out"], AlJazeera, 16 July 2005. Retrieved 21 July 2021.</ref> O so n'ime ndị ngagharị iwe na Tahrir Square na 2011.<ref>{{cite web|first=Elizabeth |last=Rubin|url=http://www.newsweek.com/2011/03/06/the-feminists-in-the-middle-of-tahrir-square.html |title=The Feminists in the Middle of Tahrir Square|work=[[Newsweek]]|date= 6 March 2011}}</ref> O kwuru ka a kwụsị nkuzi okpukperechi n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị Ijipt.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nawal El Saadawi – Illustrated Women in History |url=https://illustratedwomeninhistory.com/nawal-el-saadawi-is-an-egyptian-feminist-writer/ |date=28 October 2015|access-date=15 May 2022 |language=en-US}}</ref> Saadawi was awarded the 2004 North–South Prize by the Council of Europe.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/nscentre/winners_nsp_EN.asp|title=North-South Centre homepage|website=North-South Centre|language=en-GB|access-date=18 March 2018}}</ref> Na Julaị 2016, ọ bụ onyeisi emume akwụkwọ Royal African Society nke akpọrọ "Africa Writes" na London, ebe o kwuru okwu gbasara "On Being a Woman Writer" na mkparịta ụka ya na [[Margaret Busby]].<ref>{{cite web|first=Kelechi |last=Iwumene|url=http://africawrites.org/blog/africa-writes-2016-the-round-up/ |title=Africa Writes 2016: The Round-Up|publisher=Royal African Society|date= July 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://africawrites.org/uncategorized/on-being-a-woman-writer-nawal-el-saadawi-in-conversation-2/ |title=On Being A Woman Writer: Nawal El Saadawi in conversation|website= Africa Writes|publisher=Royal African Society|date= 2 July 2016}}</ref> [[File:Nawal El Saadawi, April 2012 (cropped).jpg|thumb|April 2012]] Na Göteborg Book Fair nke mere na Septemba 27 ruo 30, 2018, Saadawi gara seminar gbasara mmepe na Ijipt na Middle East mgbe Arab Spring gasịrị.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gp.se/kultur/kultur/nawal-el-sadaawi-till-bokm%C3%A4ssan-1.7940393|title=Nawal El Sadaawi till Bokmässan|work=Göteborgs-Posten|language=sv|date=29 August 2018|access-date=10 October 2018}}</ref> ma n'oge okwu ya na mmemme ahụ kwuru na ike ụwa niile "ndị ọchịchị aka ike, ndị isi obodo, ndị ọchịchị alaeze ukwu, ndị na-akpa ókè agbụrụ", nke United States na-edu, jikọrọ aka na gọọmentị Ijipt iji kwụsị mgbanwe Ijipt nke afọ 2011. O kwukwara na ya chetara ịhụ Odeakwụkwọ nke Mba U.S. n'oge ahụ [[Hillary Clinton]] na Tahrir Square ka ọ na-enye ndị ntorobịa akwụkwọ dollar iji gbaa ha ume ka ha votu maka Ụmụnna Ndị Alakụba na ntuli aka na-abịa.,<ref>[https://www.memri.org/tv/egyptian-activist-nawal-saadawi-saw-hillary-clinton-dollars-tahrir-square "Onye na-akwado ikike ụmụnwaanyị Ijipt bụ Nawal El Saadawi: Ahụrụ m Hillary Clinton ka ọ na-enye ego mba Amerịka na Tahrir Square ka ndị mmadụ wee tụọ vootu maka ụmụnna ndị Alakụba"], [[Memri TV]], 30 Septemba 2018</ref> ọ bụ ezie na enweghị ihe akaebe na ihe a a na-ekwu mere. Nawal El Saadawi nwere ọkwa dịka onye dere akwụkwọ maka Kansụl Kasị Elu maka Nkà na Sayensị Mmekọrịta, Cairo; Onyeisi Isi nke Ngalaba Mmụta Ahụike, Ministry of Health, Cairo, Odeakwụkwọ Ukwu nke Medical Association, Cairo, Egypt, na dọkịta na Ụlọ Ọgwụ Mahadum na [[w:Ministry of Health and Population (Egypt)|Ministry of Health]]. Ọ bụ onye hiwere otu agụmakwụkwọ ahụike na otu ndị edemede ụmụ nwanyị Ijipt; ọ bụkwa onyeisi nchịkọta akụkọ nke "Health Magazine" na Cairo, nakwa onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke "Medical Association Magazine".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ipb.org/nawal-el-sadaawi-in-memory/|title=Nawal El Sadaawi – In Memory|first=Ingeborg |last=Breines|author-link=Ingeborg Breines|website=ipb.org|publisher=IPB – International Peace Bureau|access-date=19 February 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gold.ac.uk/news/nawal-el-saadawi-tribute/|title=Tribute to doctor, writer and activist Nawal El Saadawi|website=gold.ac.uk|publisher=[[Goldsmiths University of London]]|date=26 March 2021|access-date=19 February 2024}}</ref> == Ide ihe == [[File:Nawal El Saadawi 02.JPG|thumb|right|Saadawi at the Göteborg Book Fair na 2010]] Saadawi malitere ide ihe na mbido ọrụ ya. Ihe odide mbụ ya gụnyere ọtụtụ akụkọ dị mkpirikpi nke akpọrọ ''Amụtara m Ịhụnanya'' (1957) na akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya, ''Memoirs of a Woman Doctor'' (1958). O mechara dee ọtụtụ akwụkwọ akụkọ na obere akụkọ na akwụkwọ ncheta onwe ya, ''Memoir from the Women's Prison'' (1986). E bipụtala Saadawi n'ọtụtụ akwụkwọ akụkọ, a sụgharịkwara ọrụ ya site na Arabic mbụ gaa na ihe karịrị asụsụ 30.<ref>Van Allen, Judith Imel, [https://books.google.com/books?id=fy11AwAAQBAJ&dq=saadawi+translated+into+more+than+30+languages&pg=PT1369 "Saadawi, Nawal El (1931–)"], in Gary L. Anderson and Kathryn G. Herr (eds), ''Encyclopedia of Activism and Social Justice'', Sage Publications, 2007, pp. 1249–1250.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=El Saadawi, Nawal (1932–) {{!}} Encyclopedia.com |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/international/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/el-saadawi-nawal-1932 |access-date=15 May 2022 |website=www.encyclopedia.com}}</ref> Na 1972, o bipụtara akwụkwọ mbụ ya nke anaghị akụkọ ifo, ''Women and Sex'',<ref name="women" /> which evoked the antagonism of highly placed political and theological authorities.<ref name="Krajeski, The New Yorker" /> O mekwara ka a chụọ ya n'ọrụ na Ministri Ahụike.<ref name="women" /> Ọrụ ndị ọzọ gụnyere ''The Hidden Face of Eve'',<ref>{{cite book |title=The hidden face of Eve : women in the Arab world |oclc=924716956 }}</ref> ''God Dies by the Nile'',<ref>{{cite book |title=God dies by the Nile |oclc=12583064 }}</ref> ''The Circling Song'',<ref>{{cite book |title=The circling song |oclc=18587928 }}</ref> ''Searching'',<ref>{{cite book |title=Searching |oclc=24707056 }}</ref> ''The Fall of the Imam'' (a kọwara ya dị ka "mkpughe dị ike ma na-akpali akpali nke ihe egwu ndị ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụaka nwere ike ikpughe site na nkwenkwe okpukpe"),<ref>{{cite journal |first=Philip |last=Womack |author-link=Philip Womack |url=http://newhumanist.org.uk/2119/the-fall-of-the-imam-by-nawal-el-saadawi |title=The Fall of the Imam by Nawal El Saadawi (review) |journal=[[New Humanist]] |date=20 August 2009}}</ref> and ''Woman at Point Zero''.<!--{{Citation needed|date=March 2021}}--><ref>{{cite book|title=Woman at point zero |oclc=10887569 }}</ref> Ọtụtụ mmadụ akatọọla ọrụ ya bụ 'The Hidden Face of Eve' maka nkwupụta na ọ na-ede maka "onye mba ọzọ na-akatọ onye mba ọzọ".<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=Amireh |first=Amal |date=2000 |title=Framing Nawal El Saadawi: Arab Feminism in a Transnational World |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/495572 |journal=Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=215–249 |doi=10.1086/495572 |s2cid=143010343 |issn=0097-9740|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Aha mbụ nke akwụkwọ ahụ, nke a sụgharịrị ozugbo na Bekee bụ "Ihu Gbara Ọtọ nke Nwanyị Arab" ewepụrụkwa ọtụtụ isiakwụkwọ na mbipụta Bekee nke akwụkwọ ahụ, ma e jiri ya tụnyere nke mbụ nke Arabic ahụ.<ref name=":3" /> O tinyere aka na ihe nkiri "Mgbe nwanyị nupụrụ isi" na akwụkwọ akụkọ nke afọ 1984 ''Sisterhood Is Global'', nke edeziri site na onye deziri ya Robin Morgan,<ref name="global">{{cite web |url=https://catalog.vsc.edu/lscfind/Record/154795/TOC#tabnav |title=Sisterhood Is Global: Table of Contents |publisher=Catalog.vsc.edu |access-date=15 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208065459/https://catalog.vsc.edu/lscfind/Record/154795/TOC#tabnav |archive-date=8 December 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ma bụrụ onye tinyere aka na nchịkọta akụkọ nke afọ 2019 ''New Daughters of Africa'', edited by [[Margaret Busby]], nke gụnyere edemede ya "Banyere M n'Africa—Ndọrọ Ndọrọ Ọchịchị na Okpope n'oge Nwatakịrị M".<ref>[[Imani Perry|Perry, Imani]] (29 March 2019), [https://www.ft.com/content/2a4e64a8-508a-11e9-8f44-fe4a86c48b33 "New Daughters of Africa — a new anthology of a groundbreaking book"], ''[[Financial Times]]''.</ref><ref>Rocker-Clinton, Johnna (August 2019), [https://sanfranciscobookreview.com/product/new-daughters-of-africa-an-international-anthology-of-writing-by-women-of-african-descent/ "Margaret Busby does it again!"] (review of ''New Daughters of Africa: An International Anthology of Writing by Women of African Descent''), ''San Francisco Book Review''.</ref> E bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ Saadawi nke akpọrọ 'Zeina' na Lebanọn n'afọ 2009. E bipụtara nsụgharị French ahụ n'okpuru aha njirimara Nawal Zeinab el Sayed, site na iji aha nne ya mbụ.<ref>{{cite news|title=Radical writer back with vengeance|url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/world/africa/radical-writer-back-with-vengeance-1.486421/|work= The National|access-date=17 November 2014|date=7 September 2009}}</ref> Saadawi na-asụ asụsụ [[asụsụ Bekee|Bekee]] nke ọma, tinyere obodo ya.Egyptian Arabic.<ref>{{cite web|first=Hans Ulrich |last=Obrist|url=http://www.e-flux.com/journal/42/60256/in-conversation-with-nawal-el-saadawi/ |title=In Conversation with Nawal El Saadawi|website=e-flux Journal|number=42|date= February 2013}}</ref> Dịka o si dee ya n'asụsụ Arabic, ọ hụrụ ajụjụ nke ịtụgharị asụsụ Bekee ma ọ bụ French dị ka "nnukwu nsogbu" nke jikọtara ya na eziokwu ahụ bụ na <blockquote>"ike ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya bụ nke Bekee ma ọ bụ French na-asụkarị.... Ndị nwere nnukwu akwụkwọ n'ụwa ka na-eleghara m anya, n'ihi na m na-ede ihe n'asụsụ Arabic, nakwa n'ihi na m na-akatọ echiche ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya, nke onye na-achị obodo, nke onye na-akpa ókè agbụrụ, na nke ndị nna ochie nke ndị ọchịchị ukwu."<ref>{{cite web|first=Dele Meiji |last=Fatunla|url=http://newafricanmagazine.com/nawal-el-saadawi-identity-not-fixed/ |title=Nawal El Saadawi: 'My identity is not fixed'|magazine=[[New African]]|date= 30 June 2016}}</ref></blockquote> Akwụkwọ ya ''Mufakirat Tifla fi Al-Khamisa wa Al-Thamaneen''(Akwụkwọ Ndetu nke Nwa agbọghọ dị afọ 85), nke dabere na ihe e dere n'akwụkwọ akụkọ ya, ka e bipụtara n'afọ 2017.<ref>{{cite web|first=Mahmoud |last=El-Wardani|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/18/62/273741/Books/Review/At-,-Nawal-ElSaadawi-writes-about-Nawal-ElSaadawi.aspx |title=At 85, Nawal El-Saadawi writes about Nawal El-Saadawi|website=Ahram Online|date= 5 August 2017}}</ref> == Echiche == ===Mmegide megide mmebi akụkụ ahụ nwoke na nwanyị=== Mgbe ọ dị obere, Saadawi mere usoro nke ebe ụmụ nwanyị na-ebipụ akụkụ ahụ ha.<ref>el-Saadawi, Nawal, ''The Hidden Face of Eve'', Part 1: The Mutilated Half.</ref> Mgbe ọ bụ okenye, o dere gbasara omume a ma katọọ ya. O zara ọnwụ nke otu nwa agbọghọ dị afọ iri na abụọ, Bedour Shaker, n'oge a na-eme ịwa ahụ maka ibi úgwù n'ime akụkụ ahụ mmadụ na 2007 site n'ide ihe: "Bedour, ị̀ nwụrụ anwụ ka ìhè wee nwuo n'uche ndị gbara ọchịchịrị? Ị ga-eji ndụ gị dị oké ọnụ ahịa kwụọ ụgwọ ... ka ndị dọkịta na ndị ụkọchukwu mụta na okpukpe ziri ezi anaghị ebipụ akụkụ ahụ ụmụaka?"<ref>Michael, Maggie, [http://www.physorg.com/news102393179.html "Egypt Officials Ban Female Circumcision"<!-- Bot generated title -->], Phys.org, 30 June 2007. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070702171148/http://www.physorg.com/news102393179.html |date=2 July 2007 }}.</ref> Dịka dọkịta na onye na-akwado ikike mmadụ, Saadawi megidere ibi ụmụ nwoke úgwù. O kwenyere na ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị kwesịrị ka e chebe ha pụọ ​​na mmebi akụkụ ahụ ha.<ref name="theglobaldispatches">{{cite web|url=http://www.theglobaldispatches.com/articles/nawal-al-saadawi|first=Allston|last=Mitchell|title=Nawal al Saadawi|work=The Global Dispatches|date=16 May 2010|access-date=12 February 2014|archive-date=7 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170707223358/http://www.theglobaldispatches.com/articles/nawal-al-saadawi|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Ọchịchị mmadụ na Feminism === Saadawi kọwara onwe ya dị ka "onye na-akwado ụmụnwaanyị na soshal midia", na-ekwere na a pụghị imeri ọgụ ụmụnwaanyị n'okpuru ọchịchị kapitalizim.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Fawzy |first=Mary |date=7 May 2021 |title=The socialist feminism of Nawal El Saadawi |url=https://www.newframe.com/the-socialist-feminism-of-nawal-el-saadawi/ |access-date=22 December 2022 |website=New Frame}}</ref> Nkwenye a nke ndị otu ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya apụtala site n'ikpe na-ezighị ezi ọ hụrụ ná ndụ ya.<ref name=":4" /> N'akwụkwọ ya bụ 'The Zoro Ezo nke Eve', o dere gbasara otu a na-agaghị esi kewapụ ndụ mmekọahụ na nke mmetụta uche nke ndị mmadụ na ndụ akụnụba ha na mmepụta ha, ya mere iwu ọnọdụ onwe onye na mba Arab ga-abụrịrị ihe kacha mkpa nye ndị socialist.<ref>{{Citation |chapter=Introduction |date=2015 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350251076.0006 |title=The Hidden Face of Eve |publisher=Zed Books |doi=10.5040/9781350251076.0006 |isbn=978-0-90576-251-7 |access-date=22 December 2022|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name=":4" /> N'ajụjụ ọnụ a gbara ya na 2018, o kwuru na ya abụghị onye Marxist, ebe ọ gụchara akwụkwọ ya nke ọ chọpụtara na ọ na-enwe nsogbu na ya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nawal El Saadawi on feminism, fiction and the illusion of democracy |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=djMfFU7DIB8 |language=en |publisher=[[Channel 4 News]]|via=YouTube|date=13 June 2018|access-date=22 December 2022}}</ref> ===Okpukperechi=== N'ajụjụ ọnụ ya nke afọ 2014, Saadawi kwuru na "isi ihe kpatara mmegbu ụmụ nwanyị dị n'usoro ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya zuru ụwa ọnụ, nke okpukperechi kwadoro".<ref>{{Cite web|title = They don't want any really courageous people!|url = http://en.qantara.de/content/interview-with-nawal-el-saadawi-they-dont-want-any-really-courageous-people|website = Qantara.de - Dialogue with the Islamic World|access-date =5 November 2015|last = Fariborz|first = Arian|date =5 July 2014}}</ref> Mgbe ọtụtụ narị mmadụ nwụrụ n'ihe a kpọrọ [[2015 Mina stampede|"stampede" n'oge njem njem 2015]] (Hajj) nke ndị Alakụba gaa [[Mecca]], Saudi Arabia, o kwuru, sị: <blockquote>"Ha na-ekwu maka ịgbanwe ụzọ e si achịkwa Hajj, gbasara ime ka ndị mmadụ na-eme njem n'obere ìgwè. Ihe ha na-ekwughị bụ na ihe a mere n'ihi na ndị a na-alụ ọgụ ịtụ ekwensu nkume. Gịnị mere ha ji kwesị ịtụ ekwensu nkume? Gịnị mere ha ji kwesị isusu nkume ojii ahụ ọnụ? Mana ọ dịghị onye ga-ekwu nke a. Ndị mgbasa ozi agaghị ebipụta ya. Gịnị ka ọ bụ, enweghị mmasị ịkatọ okpukpe? ... Ọjụjụ a ịkatọ okpukpe ... abụghị liberalism. Nke a bụ mmachibido iwu."<ref name=Cooke /></blockquote> O kwuru na ihe ndị dị na Hajj, dịka isusu Okute Ojii ọnụ, nwere mgbọrọgwụ ndị ọgọ mmụọ tupu okpukpe Islam.<ref>Fiona Lloyd-Davies, [https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/correspondent/1619902.stm "No compromise"], ''Correspondent'', BBC News, 26 October 2001.</ref> Saadawi was involved in the academic exploration of [[Arab identity]] throughout her writing career.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Hanadi|first1=Al-Samman|title=Diasporic Na(rra)tions: Arab Women Rewriting Exile|date=2000|publisher=[[Indiana University]]|page=25}}</ref> Saadawi kọwara mkpuchi ihu nke ndị Alakụba dị ka "ngwaọrụ mmegbu ụmụ nwanyị".<ref name="theglobaldispatches" /> ===Ebumnuche nke ụmụ nwanyị=== Ọ katọrọkwa ihe megidere ihe ndị e ji mara ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ nwanyị n'usoro mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya nke a na-ahụkarị na Yuropu na US,<ref>{{cite book|last1=El Saadawi|first1=Nawal|title=The Nawal El Saadawi Reader|publisher=Zed Books|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r9SPVEG3cv0C|date=1997|isbn=9781856495141|access-date=8 April 2015}}</ref> na-akpasu ndị otu nwanyị ibe ha iwe site n'ikwu okwu megide etemeete na uwe ndị na-ekpughe ihe.<ref name=taylor/> ===United States=== N'okwu nkuzi nke afọ 2002 na [[Mahadum California na Berkeley's Center for Middle Eastern Studies]], Saadawi kọwara agha nke US duziri megide Afghanistan dị ka "agha iji mee ihe n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi na mmanụ dị na mpaghara ahụ", na amụma mba ofesi nke US na nkwado ya nye Israel dị ka "ezigbo iyi ọha egwu.".<ref>{{cite web|last1=Pasquini|first1=Elaine|title=El Saadawi Calls U.S. Foreign Policy 'Real Terrorism'|url=https://www.questia.com/magazine/1P3-110120822/el-saadawi-calls-u-s-foreign-policy-real-terrorism|via=|work=Washington Report on Middle East Affairs|date=March 2002|access-date=|archive-date=9 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160409040731/https://www.questia.com/magazine/1P3-110120822/el-saadawi-calls-u-s-foreign-policy-real-terrorism|url-status=dead}}</ref> Saadawi held the opinion that Egyptians are forced into poverty by US aid.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Nielsen|first1=Nikolaj|title=Nawal El Saadawi: 'I am against stability. We need revolution'|url=http://chronikler.com/middle-east/egypt/nawal-el-saadawi-interview/|access-date=19 November 2014|work=The Chronikler|date=11 July 2013}}</ref> ==Fim== Saadawi bụ isiokwu nke ihe nkiri "She Speaked the Unspeakable", nke [[Jill Nicholls]] duziri, nke a na-agbasa na February 2017 na usoro ihe nkiri telivishọn [[BBC One]] ''[[Imagine (usoro ihe nkiri TV)|Imagine]]''.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b08g7hr8 "She Spoke the Unspeakable"], BBC One, ''Imagine'', Winter 2017. [http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x5cu7f1 Via] [[Dailymotion]].</ref> ==Ọnwụ== Saadawi nwụrụ n'abalị iri abụọ na otu nke ọnwa Maachị afọ 2021, mgbe ọ dị afọ iri asatọ na itoolu, n'ụlọọgwụ dị na Cairo.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://english.ahram.org.eg/News/407474.aspx|title=Renowned Egyptian feminist, author Nawal El-Saadawi dies at the age of 89|website=[[Ahram Online]]|first=Mohammed |last=Saad |date=21 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://egyptianstreets.com/2021/03/21/pioneering-egyptian-feminist-nawal-el-saadawi-dies-aged-89/|title=Pioneering Egyptian Feminist Nawal El Saadawi Dies Aged 89|website=[[Egyptian Streets]]|date=21 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/1829281/offbeat |title=Arab author, women's rights icon Nawal El-Saadawi dies in Cairo |website=Arab News |date=21 March 2021 }}</ref> Her life was commemorated on [[BBC Radio 4]]'s obituary programme ''[[Last Word]]''.<ref>{{cite episode| title= Nawal El Saadawi (pictured), Brigadier Jack Thomas, President John Magufuli, Ion Mihai Pacepa| series= [[Last Word]]| credits= Producer: Neil George; Interviewed guests: [[Mona Eltahawy]], Sally Nabil| station= BBC Radio 4| airdate= 26 March 2021| url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/m000tg67 | access-date= 28 March 2021 }}</ref> ==Ihe nrite na nsọpụrụ ahọpụtara== *2004: [[North–South Prize site na [[Council of Europe]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.coe.int/en/web/north-south-centre/previous-laureates-of-the-north-south-prize|title=Previous laureates of the North-South Prize|publisher=Council of Europe|website=coe.int}}</ref> *2005: Inana International Prize, Belgium<ref name="auto1"/> *2007: Honorary Doctorate, [[Vrije Universiteit Brussel]], Belgium<ref>{{cite book|chapter-url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-1-137-58730-5_4|publisher=Nawal El Saadawi|doi=10.1007/978-1-137-58730-5_4|title=Diary of a Child Called Souad|year=2016|last1=El Saadawi|first1=Nawal|chapter=Nawal el Saadawi and a History of Oppression: Brief Biographical Facts |pages=153–158|isbn=978-1-137-58936-1}}</ref> *2007: Honorary Doctorate, [[Université libre de Bruxelles]], Belgium<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ulb.be/en/about-ulb/ulbs-honorary-doctorates|title=ULB's honorary doctorates|website=ulb.be|publisher=Université libre de Bruxelles}}</ref> *2010: Honorary Doctorate, [[National Autonomous University of Mexico]], Mexico<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.barrons.com/news/author-physician-nawal-el-saadawi-egypt-s-critic-of-taboos-01616337305?tesla=y|title=Author, Physician Nawal El-Saadawi, Egypt's Critic Of Taboos|website=barrons.com|first=Farid|last= Farid|publisher=Barron's|date=21 March 2021}}</ref> *2011: [[Stig Dagerman Prize]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://blog.svd.se/kultur/2012/01/09/motvillig-el-saadawi-far-dagermanpriset/ |title=Motvillig El Saadawi får Dagermanpriset |work=[[SvD]] |language=sv |date=9 January 2012 |access-date=27 October 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aftonbladet.se/kultur/article14833794.ab |title=Lydnad är ett dödligt gift |work=Kultur |language=sv |date=15 May 2012 |access-date=27 October 2012}}</ref> *2012: [[Seán MacBride Peace Prize]]<ref name="auto2"/> *2015: [[BBC's 100 Women]]<ref name="bbc">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-34745739|title=BBC 100 Women 2015: Who is on the list?|date=17 November 2015|work=BBC News|access-date=3 August 2019|language=en-GB}}</ref> *2020: ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]''{{'}}s 100 Women of the Year (1981)<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://time.com/5793662/nawal-el-saadawi-100-women-of-the-year/ |title=1981: Nawal El Saadawi |magazine=Time |date=5 March 2020 }}</ref> ==Ọrụ ndị ahọpụtara== Saadawi dere ihe nke ọma, wee tinye ụfọdụ n'ime ọrụ ya n'ịntanetị.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Amireh |first=Amal |date=2000 |title=Framing Nawal El Saadawi: Arab Feminism in a Transnational World |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3175385 |journal=Signs |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=215–249 |doi=10.1086/495572 |jstor=3175385 |s2cid=143010343 |issn=0097-9740|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Saiti |first1=Ramzi |last2=Salti |first2=Ramzi M. |date=1994 |title=Paradise, Heaven, and Other Oppressive Spaces: A Critical Examination of the Life and Works of Nawal el-Saadawi |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4183334 |journal=Journal of Arabic Literature |volume=25 |issue=2 |pages=152–174 |doi=10.1163/157006494X00059 |jstor=4183334 |issn=0085-2376|url-access=subscription }}</ref> '''Akwụkwọ akụkọ na akwụkwọ akụkọ''' * ''Mudhakkirat tabiba'' (Cairo, 1958). ''Memoirs of a Woman Doctor'', trans. [[Catherine Cobham]] (Saqi Books, 1988) * ''Al ghayib'' (Cairo, 1965). ''Searching'', trans. Shirley Eber (Zed Books, 1991) * ''Imra'tani fi-Imra'a'' (Cairo, 1968). ''Two Women in One'', trans. [[Osman Nusairi]] and Jana Gough (Saqi Books, 1985) * ''Maut ar-raǧul al-waḥīd ʿala ‚l-arḍ'' (1974). ''[[God Dies by the Nile]]'', trans. [[Sherif Hetata]] (Zed Books, 1985) * ''Al-khait wa'ayn al-hayat'' (Cairo, 1976). ''The Well of Life and the Thread: Two Short Novels'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Lime Tree, 1993) * ''Ughniyat al-atfal al da iriyah'' (Beirut: Dar al-Adab, 1977). ''The Circling Song'', trans. Marilyn Booth (Zed Books, 1989) * ''Emra'a enda noktat el sifr'' (Beirut: Dar al-Adab, 1977). ''[[Woman at Point Zero]]'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Zed Books, 1983) * ''Mawt Ma'ali al-Wazir Sabiqan'' (1980). ''Death of an Ex-Minister'', trans. Shirley Eber (Methuen, 1987) * ''Suqūṭ al-imām'' (Cairo, 1987). ''[[The Fall of the Imam]]'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Methuen, 1988) * ''Jann āt wa-Iblīs'' (Beirut, 1992). ''The Innocence of the Devil'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Methuen, 1994) * ''Ḥubb fī zaman al-naf̣t'' (Cairo, 1993). ''Love in the Kingdom of Oil'', trans. [[Basil Hatim]] and Malcolm Williams (Saqi Books, 2001) * ''Al-Riwayah'' (Cairo: Dar El Hilal, 2004). ''The Novel'', trans. [[Omnia Amin]] and [[Rick London]] (Interlink Books, 2009) * ''Zeina'' (Beirut: Dar Al Saqi, 2009). ''Zeina'', trans. [[Amira Nowaira]] (Saqi Books, 2011) '''Nchịkọta akụkọ dị mkpirikpi''' * ''Ta'allamt al-hubb'' (Cairo, 1957). ''I Learned Love'' * ''Lahzat sidq'' (Cairo, 1959). ''Moment of Truth'' * ''Little Tenderness'' (Cairo, 1960) * ''al-Khayt wa-l-jidar'' (1972). ''The Thread and the Wall'' * ''Ain El Hayat'' (Beirut, 1976) * ''Kānat hiya al-aḍʻaf'' ["She Was the Weaker"] (1979). ''She Has No Place in Paradise'', trans. Shirley Eber (Methuen, 1987). Includes three additional stories: "She Has No Place in Paradise", "Two Women Friends", and "'Beautiful'". * ''Adab Am Kellet Abad'' (Cairo, 2000) '''Egwuregwu''' * ''Ithna 'ashar imra'a fi zinzana wahida'' (Cairo, 1984). ''Twelve Women in a Cell'' * ''Isis'' (Cairo, 1985) * ''God Resigns in the Summit Meeting'' (1996), published by Madbouli, and four other plays included in her ''Collected Works'' (45 books in Arabic), Cairo: Madbouli, 2007 * ''Twelve Women in a Cell: Plays by Mediterranean Women'' (Aurora Metro Books, 1994) '''Ihe ncheta''' * ''Mudhakkirat fi Sijn al-Nisa'' (Cairo, 1983). ''Memoirs from the Women's Prison'', trans. Marilyn Booth ([[The Women's Press]], 1986) * ''Rihlati hawla al-'alam'' (Cairo, 1986). ''My Travels Around the World'', trans. Shirley Eber (Methuen, 1991) * ''Memoirs of a Child Called Soad'' (Cairo, 1990) * ''Awraqi hayati'', first volume (Cairo, 1995). ''A Daughter of Isis'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Zed Books, 1999) * ''Awraqi hayati'', second volume (Cairo, 1998). ''Walking Through Fire'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Zed Books, 2002) * ''My Life, Part III'' (Cairo, 2001) '''Akụkọ na-abụghị akụkọ ifo''' * ''Women and Sex'' (Cairo, 1969) * ''Woman Is the Origin'' (Cairo, 1971) * ''Men and Sex'' (Cairo, 1973) * ''The Naked Face of Arab Women'' (Cairo, 1974) * ''Women and Neurosis'' (Cairo, 1975) * ''Al-Wajh al-'ari lil-mar'a al-'arabiyy'' (1977). ''The Hidden Face of Eve: Women in the Arab World'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Zed Press, 1980) * ''On Women'' (Cairo, 1986) * ''A New Battle in Arab Women Liberation'' (Cairo, 1992) * ''Collection of Essays'' (Cairo, 1998) * ''Collection of Essays'' (Cairo, 2001) * ''Breaking Down Barriers'' (Cairo, 2004) '''Compilations in English''' * ''Plays by Mediterranean Women'' (Aurora Metro Books, 1994, {{ISBN|978-0-9515877-3-7}}) * ''North/South: The Nawal El Saadawi Reader'' (Zed Books, 1997) * ''Off Limits: New Writings on Fear and Sin'' (Gingko Library, 2019, {{ISBN|978-88-87847-16-1}}) == Hụkwa ==   *   *   *   * Thesis/dissertation.  <templatestyles src="Module:Side box/styles.css"></templatestyles> * Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Nawal El Saadawi na archive.org * Adele Newson-Horst, "[https://www.worldliteraturetoday.org/blog/literary-tributes/remembering-nawal-el-saadawi-adele-newson-horst "Ịcheta Nawal El Saadawi"]", World Literature Today, 24 March 2021. * [[Ernest Emenyonu]], "NAWAL EL SAADAWI: Ndụ na edemede (Ọktoba 27, 1931 - Machị 21, 2021) ", Boydell na Brewer, 13 Mee 2021. [[Otú:Articles with hCards]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] qg5g67tyquf3g2ry7dlgtmrh6uotm4d 736867 736865 2026-10-08T13:41:44Z Adimora chidinma 15845 /* Ndụ mbido */ 736867 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}   '''Nawal El Saadawi''' ({{langx|ar|نوال السعداوي}}, {{ALA-LC|arz|Nawāl as-Saʿdāwī}};27 Ọktoba 1931 – 21 Maachị 2021) bụ onye edemede feminist nke Ijipt, activist, disciatist, na psychiatrist. O dere ọtụtụ akwụkwọ gbasara ụmụ nwanyị na Islam, na-elekwasị anya n'okwu ndị metụtara ụmụ nwanyị na Global South, gụnyere sexuality, patriarchy social class, na colonialism.<ref name=":3" /> Ọ bụ onye hiwere ma bụrụkwa onyeisi oche nke otu Arab Women's Solidarity Association.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2 March 2015|title=Nawal El Saadawi|url=https://orgs.law.harvard.edu/womeninspiringchange/2015-honorees/nawal-el-saadawi/|access-date=9 October 2020|website=Women Inspiring Change|language=en-US|archive-date=18 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201218120145/https://orgs.law.harvard.edu/womeninspiringchange/2015-honorees/nawal-el-saadawi/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>Hitchcock, Peter; El Saadawi, Nawal; Hatata, Sherif. "Living the Struggle". ''Transition'' 61 (1993): 170–179.</ref> Ọ bụkwa onye hiwere Arab Association for Human Rights.<ref>Nawal El Saadawi, "Presentation by Nawal El Saadawi: President's Forum, M/MLA Annual Convention, November 4, 1999", ''The Journal of the Midwest Modern Language Association'' 33.3–34.1 (Autumn 2000 – Winter 2001): 34–39.</ref> O nwetara akara ugo mmụta nsọpụrụ site na mahadum dị na kọntinent atọ. Na 2004, Kọnsụl nke Yuropu nyere ya North–South Prize. Na 2005, o nwetara ihe nrite mba ụwa Inana na Belgium.<ref name="auto1">[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jue04c1_wkY "PEN World Voices Arthur Miller Freedom to Write Lecture by Nawal El Saadawi"], YouTube. 8 September 2009.</ref> Na 2012, International Peace Bureau nyere ya onyinye Seán MacBride Peace Prize.<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web|title=International Peace Bureau|url=http://www.ipb.org/web/index.php?mostra=news&menu=home&id_nom=IPB+to+award+2012+Sean+MacBride+Peace+Prize+to+Nawal+El-Sadaawi+and+Lina+Ben+Mhenni|website=www.ipb.org|access-date=25 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925221701/http://www.ipb.org/web/index.php?mostra=news&menu=home&id_nom=IPB+to+award+2012+Sean+MacBride+Peace+Prize+to+Nawal+El-Sadaawi+and+Lina+Ben+Mhenni|archive-date=25 September 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ndụ mbido == A mụrụ Saadawi, onye nke abụọ n'ime ụmụ itoolu, na 27 Ọktoba 1931 n'obodo nta dị na Kafr Tahla, [[Egypt]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/mar/22/nawal-el-saadawi-obituary|title=Nawal El Saadawi obituary|date=22 March 2021|first=Sarah A|last= Smith|website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Elkhatib |first1=Sameh |title=Egyptian feminist and author el-Saadawi dies at 89 |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/egyptian-feminist-author-el-saadawi-dies-89-2021-03-22/ |website=Reuters |access-date=24 March 2026}}</ref> E mere Saadawi ebe ụmụ nwanyị bi n'ime akụkụ ahụ ha <ref name=Khaleeli /> at the age of six,<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last1=Sa'dawi|first1=Nawal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I9vqMossOjoC|title=A Daughter of Isis: The Autobiography of Nawal El Saadawi|last2=Saadawi|first2=Nawal El|last3=Saʻdāwī|first3=Nawāl|last4=Saʿdāwī|first4=Nawāl as-|date=1999|publisher=[[Zed Books]]|isbn=978-1-85649-680-3|pages=63–87|language=en}}</ref> ọ bụ ezie na nna ya kwenyere na ụmụ agbọghọ na ụmụ nwoke kwesịrị ịgụ akwụkwọ. O kwuru na nne na nna ya bụ ndị nwere nnwere onwe mgbe ha na-etolite.<ref name=":1"/> Nna ya Upper Egypt bụ onye ọrụ gọọmentị na [[w:Ministry of Education (Egypt)|Ministry of Education]], onye lụsoro ọgụ megide British rebel Egypt n'oge Egypt Revolution of 1919. N'ihi ya, a chụpụrụ ya n'obodo nta dị na Naịl, gọọmentị ekweghịkwa ịkwalite ya ruo afọ 10. Ọ bụ onye na-aga n'ihu ma kụziere nwa ya nwanyị ịkwanyere onwe ya ùgwù na ikwu okwu n'uche ya. Ọ gbakwara ya ume ka ọ mụọ asụsụ Arabik. Agbanyeghị, mgbe El Saadawi dị afọ 10, ezinụlọ ya gbalịrị ime ka ọ lụọ di, mana nne ya kwadoro ya n'ịjụ.<ref name=taylor>{{Cite news |title=Nawal El Saadawi: Feminist firebrand who dared to write dangerously (obituary) |last=Taylor-Coleman |first=Jasmine |website=BBC News |date=21 March 2021 |url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-55048245}}</ref> Both her parents died at a young age,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Nawal El Saadawi|url=http://faculty.webster.edu/woolflm/saadawi.html|access-date=25 September 2015|website=faculty.webster.edu|archive-date=2 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170602080913/http://faculty.webster.edu/woolflm/saadawi.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>{{Unreliable source?|date=September 2021|sure=y|reason=This is an unpublished undergraduate student assignment paper}} na-ahapụ Saadawi naanị ibu ọrụ nke ilekọta ezinụlọ buru ibu.<ref name="bornexile">{{Cite web |url=http://www.nawalsaadawi.net/oldsite/articlesnawal/bornexile.htm |title=Exile and Resistance |first=Nawal |last=El Saadaw|website=Nawal El Saadawi/Sherif Hetata |date=November 2002|access-date=23 June 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091027223127/http://www.nawalsaadawi.net/oldsite/articlesnawal/bornexile.htm |archive-date=27 October 2009 |url-status=usurped }}</ref> Nne ya, Zaynab, sitere n'agbụrụ bara ọgaranya [[w:Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]];<ref>{{cite news|last=Cowell|first=Alan |author-link=Alan Cowell |year=2021|title=Nawal El Saadawi, Advocate for Women in the Arab World, Dies at 89 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/21/obituaries/nawal-el-saadawi-dead.html|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|quote=Nawal El Saadawi was born on Oct. 27, 1931, in the village of Kafr Tahla, a settlement in the lower Nile Delta, the second of nine children. Her mother, Zaynab (Shoukry) El Saadawi, was partially descended from a wealthy Ottoman family. Her father, Al-Sayed El Saadawi, was an official in the government’s education ministry. }}</ref> Saadawi kọwara nna nna ya nke nne ya, Shoukry,<ref>{{cite book|first=Nawal|last= El Saadawi|year=2013|title=A Daughter of Isis: The Early Life of Nawal El Saadawi|publisher=Zed Books|isbn=978-1848136403}}</ref> na nne nne ya dị ka onye Ottoman si malite.<ref name="CaliforniaUni">{{citation|first=Nawal|last= El Saadawi|year=1986|title=Memoirs from the Women's Prison|publisher=University of California Press|page=64|quote= "My eyes widened in astonishment. Even my maternal grandmother used to sing, although she was born to a Turkish mother and lived in my grandfather's house in the epoch when harems still existed." |isbn=0520088883}}</ref> Ọbụna mgbe ọ bụ nwata, ọ katọrọ obodo ndị nwoke bi na ya, ebe ụmụ nwoke ji ha kpọrọ ihe karịa ụmụ nwanyị, na-emeghachi omume n'iwe nye nne nne ya, onye kwuru na "nwoke bara uru ụmụ nwanyị iri na ise ma ọ dịkarịa ala... Ụmụ agbọghọ bụ nsogbu".<ref name=taylor/> O ji nganga kọwaa onwe ya dị ka nwanyị Ijipt agba ọchịchịrị kemgbe ọ dị obere.<ref>{{Citation|url=https://zora.medium.com/my-childhood-in-egypt-not-knowing-i-was-in-africa-27580b07a93b|title=My Childhood in Egypt, Not Knowing I Was in Africa|first=Nawal|last=El Saadawi|website=zora.medium.com|date=13 June 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=New Daughters of Africa|chapter=About Me in Africa—Politics and Religion in my Childhood|editor-first=Margaret|first=El Saadawi|last=Nawal|editor-last=Busby|publisher=[[Myriad Editions]]|edition=paperback|pages=42–44|date=2020}}</ref> == Career == Saadawi graduated as a medical doctor in 1955 from [[Cairo University]]. That year, she married Ahmed Helmi, whom she met as a fellow student in medical school. They have a daughter, Mona Helmi.<ref name=Khaleeli/> The marriage ended after two years.<ref name=JoISR>{{cite journal|first=Yusuf|last=Koseli|title=A PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH TO THE NOVEL OF NAWAL EL SAADAWI TITLED MÜZEKKİRAT TABİBE|journal=The Journal of International Social Research|date=2013|volume=6|issue=28|url=http://www.sosyalarastirmalar.com/cilt6/cilt6sayi28_pdf/koseli_yusuf.pdf|access-date=15 April 2020}}</ref><ref name=Khaleeli>{{Cite web|title = Nawal El Saadawi: Egypt's radical feminist|url = https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2010/apr/15/nawal-el-saadawi-egyptian-feminist|website =The Guardian|date= 15 April 2010|access-date =15 April 2020|first = Homa|last = Khaleeli}}</ref> Through her medical practice, she observed women's physical and psychological problems and connected them with oppressive cultural practices, patriarchal oppression, class oppression and imperialist oppression.<ref name="women">[http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/1999/462/women.htm Feminism in a nationalist century] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100419040800/http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/1999/462/women.htm |date=19 April 2010 }}</ref> Her second husband was a colleague, Rashad Bey.<ref name=JoISR/><ref>{{cite thesis|url=https://www.academia.edu/23224495|title=Voice of Oppressed from the Margins: A Critical Reading on Nawal El Saadawi's "Woman at Point Zero"|last=Puthiyakath|first=Hashim H.|publisher=[[Central University of Tamil Nadu]]|access-date=15 April 2020}}</ref> While working as a doctor in her birthplace of Kafr Tahla, she observed the hardships and inequalities faced by rural women. After attempting to protect one of her patients from [[domestic violence]], Saadawi was summoned back to Cairo. She eventually became the Director of the Ministry of [[public health|Public Health]] and met her third husband, [[Sherif Hatata]], while sharing an office in the Ministry of Health. Hatata, also a medical doctor and writer, had been a [[political prisoner]] for 13 years. They married in 1964 and have a son.<ref name="bornexile"/><ref name=Khaleeli/> Saadawi and Hatata lived together for 43 years<ref name=Cooke>{{cite web|last1=Cooke|first1=Rachel|title=Nawal El Saadawi: 'Do you feel you are liberated? I feel I am not'|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/oct/11/nawal-el-saadawi-interview-do-you-feel-you-are-liberated-not|work=[[The Observer]]|date=11 October 2015|access-date=15 April 2020}}</ref> and divorced in 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/18/62/99644/Books/Review/ElSaadawi-and-Hatata-Voyage-of-a-lifetime.aspx|title=El-Saadawi and Hatata: Voyage of a lifetime|date=24 April 2014|publisher=Ahram Online|first=Mahmoud |last=El-Wardani|access-date=15 April 2020}}</ref> [[File:Shirin Ershadi, Shirin Ebadi and Nawal el-Saadawi (2413951897).jpg|thumb|[[Shirin Ershadi]], [[Shirin Ebadi]] and Nawal el-Saadawi]] Saadawi attended [[Columbia University]], earning a master's degree in public health in 1966.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Smith|first=Harrison|date=23 March 2021|title=Nawal El Saadawi, Egyptian author, physician and feminist activist, dies at 89|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/nawal-el-saadawi-dead/2021/03/23/43c7c250-8b19-11eb-a730-1b4ed9656258_story.html|access-date=16 June 2021}}</ref> In 1972, she published ''Woman and Sex'' ({{lang|ar|المرأة والجنس}}), confronting and contextualising various aggressions perpetrated against women's bodies, including female circumcision. The book became a foundational text of [[second-wave feminism]]. As a consequence of the book and her political activities, Saadawi was dismissed from her position at the Ministry of Health.<ref name="women" /> She also lost her positions as chief editor of a health journal, and as Assistant General Secretary in the Medical Association in Egypt. From 1973 to 1976, Saadawi worked on researching women and [[neurosis]] in [[Ain Shams University]]'s Faculty of Medicine. From 1979 to 1980, she was the [[United Nations]] Advisor for the Women's Programme in Africa (ECA) and the Middle East (ECWA).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://scholarblogs.emory.edu/postcolonialstudies/2014/06/11/saadawi-nawal-el-2/|title=Saadawi, Nawal el – Postcolonial Studies|website=scholarblogs.emory.edu|language=en-US|access-date=31 July 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r9SPVEG3cv0C&q=Nawal+Saadawi+united+nations+advisor+1979&pg=PR1|title=The Nawal El Saadawi Reader|last=Saʻdāwī|first=Nawāl|date=15 December 1997|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=9781856495141|language=en}}</ref> === Court cases against her === In 2002 a legal attempt was made by Nabih el-Wahsh in an Egyptian Court to legally divorce el-Saadawi from her husband on account of [[hisbah|hesba]], a 9th-century principle of [[shariah law]], that allows for the conviction of Muslims who are seen to be harming Islam. The evidence used against her was a March interview in which el-Wahsh claims was proof she had abandoned Islam. The legal attempt was unsuccessful.<ref name=Khaleeli /><ref>{{Cite web |date=18 June 2001 |title=Cairo writer threatened with divorce |url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2001/jun/18/internationaleducationnews.highereducation |access-date=22 December 2022 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref> In 2008, a similar attempt was made to strip el-Saadawi of her Egyptian nationality due to her radical opinions and writing, this attempt was also unsuccessful.<ref name=Khaleeli /> === Mkpọrọ === Kemgbe gọọmentị Ijipt lere ya anya dị ka ihe na-ese okwu ma dị ize ndụ, Saadawi nyere aka bipụta akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị otu nwanyị na 1981 nke akpọrọ ''Confrontation.'' President of Egypt Anwar Sadat tụrụ ya mkpọrọ na Septemba.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Uglow|first1=Jennifer S.|author2=Maggy Hendry|title=The Northeastern Dictionary of Women's Biography|url=https://archive.org/details/northeasterndict0000uglo|url-access=registration|year=1999|publisher=Northeastern University Press|isbn= 9781555534219|pages=[https://archive.org/details/northeasterndict0000uglo/page/189 189]–190}}</ref> Saadawi kwuru otu oge n'ajụjụ ọnụ a gbara ya: "E jidere m n'ihi na ekwere m Sadat. O kwuru na e nwere ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na anyị nwere usoro ọtụtụ pati, ị nwekwara ike ịkatọ ya. Ya mere, amalitere m ịkatọ iwu ya, m wee banye n'ụlọ mkpọrọ." Sadat kwuru na ọchịchị e guzobere bụ ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya maka ndị mmadụ, nakwa na ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya dị njikere maka nkatọ bara uru. Dịka Saadawi si kwuo, Sadat tụrụ ya mkpọrọ n'ihi nkatọ ya maka ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya. Ọbụna n'ụlọ mkpọrọ, ọ ka chọtara ụzọ isi lụso mmegbu ụmụ nwanyị ọgụ. Mgbe ọ nọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ, o guzobere otu Arab Women's Solidarity Association. Nke a bụ otu mbụ iwu kwadoro na nke nwere onwe ya na Egypt. N'ụlọ mkpọrọ, a jụrụ ya pen na akwụkwọ, agbanyeghị, nke ahụ egbochighị ya ịnọgide na-ede ihe. O jiri "pensụl nku anya ojii siri ike" na "obere akwụkwọ mposi ochie na nke gbawara agbawa" dekọọ echiche ya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Interview with Nawal el aasawi|url=http://www.nyu.edu/classes/keefer/twenty/nawal.html|last=Network|first=Vile News|date=2015|access-date=26 April 2020}}</ref> A tọhapụrụ ya n'afọ ahụ, otu ọnwa ka e gbusịrị Onyeisiala. Banyere ahụmịhe ya, o dere, sị: "Ihe ize ndụ abụrụla akụkụ nke ndụ m kemgbe m were mkpịsị akwụkwọ wee dee ihe. Ọ dịghị ihe dị ize ndụ karịa eziokwu n'ụwa nke dị ụgha."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/2001/06/03/stories/13030786.htm |title=Egypt's face of courage |work=The Hindu|first=Kalpana|last=Sharma|date=3 June 2001|access-date=25 September 2013 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041030002518/http://www.hinduonnet.com/2001/06/03/stories/13030786.htm |archive-date=30 October 2004 }}</ref> Na afọ 1982, o hiwere otu Arab Women's Solidarity Association.<ref>Hussey, Sierra, [https://www.sahistory.org.za/archive/biography-nawal-el-saadawi-sierra-hussey "Biography of Nawal El Saadawi"], South African History Online.</ref> Ọ kọwara otu ya dị ka "onye akụkọ ihe mere eme, onye na-akwado ọchịchị ọha, na onye na-akwado ikike ụmụ nwanyị".<ref>{{cite magazine |url= https://www.aljadid.com/node/2254|title= Nawal El-Saadawi's 'Daughter of Isis' Life and Times via the Plenitude of Her Writings |first=D.H. |last=Melhem|website=Al Jadid Magazine|volume= 5|number= 29|date=Autumn 1999|access-date=22 March 2021}}</ref> Saadawi bụ otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị e jidere n'ụlọ mkpọrọ ụmụ nwanyị Qanatir. Mkpọrọ ya bụ ntọala maka afọ 1983 ya. ''Memoirs from the Women's Prison'' ({{langx|ar|مذكرات في سجن النساء }}). Mkparịta ụka ya na onye mkpọrọ nọ na Qanatir, afọ itoolu tupu a tụọ ya mkpọrọ ebe ahụ, bụ ihe mkpali maka ọrụ mbụ ya, akwụkwọ akụkọ akpọrọ aha ya bụ ''Woman at Point Zero'' ({{langx|ar|امرأة عند نقطة الصفر}}, 1975).<ref name="Krajeski, The New Yorker">{{Cite magazine|url=http://www.newyorker.com/books/page-turner/the-books-of-nawal-el-saadawi|title=The Books of Nawal El Saadawi|magazine=[[The New Yorker]]|first=Jenna|last=Krajeski|date=7 March 2011|access-date=31 July 2017}}</ref> === Mkpagbu ndị ọzọ, nkuzi na US, na ngagharị iwe ndị ọzọ mechara mee === Na 1993, mgbe ndị Alakụba na mkpagbu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị yiri ndụ ya egwu, a manyere Saadawi ịgbapụ n'Ijipt. Ọ nabatara onyinye ịkụzi ihe na Ngalaba Asụsụ Eshia na Afrịka nke Mahadum Duke dị na [[North Carolina]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Former Visiting Professor in Court, Under Fire in Egypt|url=https://today.duke.edu/2001/06/el-saadawi629.html|date=29 June 2001|website=Duke Today|publisher=Duke University|access-date=1 April 2021|language=en}}</ref><ref name=BMJ>Dr Dora Carpenter-Latiri, [http://blogs.bmj.com/medical-humanities/2015/11/11/the-reading-room-a-review-of-memoirs-of-a-woman-doctor/ "The Reading Room: A review of ‘Memoirs of a woman doctor{{'"}}], ''BMJ'' Blog, 11 November 2015.</ref> nakwa na Mahadum Washington. O mechara nọrọ n'ọtụtụ kọleji na mahadum ndị a ma ama dịka Mahadum Cairo, Harvard, Yale, [[w:Mahadum Columbia|Columbia]], [[w:Mahadum Paris|Sorbonne]], [[w:Mahadum Georgetown|Georgetown]], Mahadum Steeti Florida, na Mahadum California, Berkeley. Na 1996, ọ laghachiri Ijipt.<ref name="BMJ"/><ref>{{cite web|last=Ling|first= Jessica |url=http://www.warscapes.com/blog/today-history-happy-85th-birthday-nawal-el-saadawi |title=Today in History: Happy 85th Birthday, Nawal El Saadawi!|website=Warscapes|date=27 October 2016}}</ref> Saadawi gara n'ihu na-akwado ya ma chee echiche ịzọ ọkwa na 2005 ntuli aka onyeisiala Ijipt, tupu ọ pụọ n'ihi ihe siri ike achọrọ maka ndị ga-azọ ọkwa nke mbụ.<ref>[https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2005/7/16/egypt-presidential-aspirant-pulls-out "Egypt presidential aspirant pulls out"], AlJazeera, 16 July 2005. Retrieved 21 July 2021.</ref> O so n'ime ndị ngagharị iwe na Tahrir Square na 2011.<ref>{{cite web|first=Elizabeth |last=Rubin|url=http://www.newsweek.com/2011/03/06/the-feminists-in-the-middle-of-tahrir-square.html |title=The Feminists in the Middle of Tahrir Square|work=[[Newsweek]]|date= 6 March 2011}}</ref> O kwuru ka a kwụsị nkuzi okpukperechi n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị Ijipt.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nawal El Saadawi – Illustrated Women in History |url=https://illustratedwomeninhistory.com/nawal-el-saadawi-is-an-egyptian-feminist-writer/ |date=28 October 2015|access-date=15 May 2022 |language=en-US}}</ref> Saadawi was awarded the 2004 North–South Prize by the Council of Europe.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/nscentre/winners_nsp_EN.asp|title=North-South Centre homepage|website=North-South Centre|language=en-GB|access-date=18 March 2018}}</ref> Na Julaị 2016, ọ bụ onyeisi emume akwụkwọ Royal African Society nke akpọrọ "Africa Writes" na London, ebe o kwuru okwu gbasara "On Being a Woman Writer" na mkparịta ụka ya na [[Margaret Busby]].<ref>{{cite web|first=Kelechi |last=Iwumene|url=http://africawrites.org/blog/africa-writes-2016-the-round-up/ |title=Africa Writes 2016: The Round-Up|publisher=Royal African Society|date= July 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://africawrites.org/uncategorized/on-being-a-woman-writer-nawal-el-saadawi-in-conversation-2/ |title=On Being A Woman Writer: Nawal El Saadawi in conversation|website= Africa Writes|publisher=Royal African Society|date= 2 July 2016}}</ref> [[File:Nawal El Saadawi, April 2012 (cropped).jpg|thumb|April 2012]] Na Göteborg Book Fair nke mere na Septemba 27 ruo 30, 2018, Saadawi gara seminar gbasara mmepe na Ijipt na Middle East mgbe Arab Spring gasịrị.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gp.se/kultur/kultur/nawal-el-sadaawi-till-bokm%C3%A4ssan-1.7940393|title=Nawal El Sadaawi till Bokmässan|work=Göteborgs-Posten|language=sv|date=29 August 2018|access-date=10 October 2018}}</ref> ma n'oge okwu ya na mmemme ahụ kwuru na ike ụwa niile "ndị ọchịchị aka ike, ndị isi obodo, ndị ọchịchị alaeze ukwu, ndị na-akpa ókè agbụrụ", nke United States na-edu, jikọrọ aka na gọọmentị Ijipt iji kwụsị mgbanwe Ijipt nke afọ 2011. O kwukwara na ya chetara ịhụ Odeakwụkwọ nke Mba U.S. n'oge ahụ [[Hillary Clinton]] na Tahrir Square ka ọ na-enye ndị ntorobịa akwụkwọ dollar iji gbaa ha ume ka ha votu maka Ụmụnna Ndị Alakụba na ntuli aka na-abịa.,<ref>[https://www.memri.org/tv/egyptian-activist-nawal-saadawi-saw-hillary-clinton-dollars-tahrir-square "Onye na-akwado ikike ụmụnwaanyị Ijipt bụ Nawal El Saadawi: Ahụrụ m Hillary Clinton ka ọ na-enye ego mba Amerịka na Tahrir Square ka ndị mmadụ wee tụọ vootu maka ụmụnna ndị Alakụba"], [[Memri TV]], 30 Septemba 2018</ref> ọ bụ ezie na enweghị ihe akaebe na ihe a a na-ekwu mere. Nawal El Saadawi nwere ọkwa dịka onye dere akwụkwọ maka Kansụl Kasị Elu maka Nkà na Sayensị Mmekọrịta, Cairo; Onyeisi Isi nke Ngalaba Mmụta Ahụike, Ministry of Health, Cairo, Odeakwụkwọ Ukwu nke Medical Association, Cairo, Egypt, na dọkịta na Ụlọ Ọgwụ Mahadum na [[w:Ministry of Health and Population (Egypt)|Ministry of Health]]. Ọ bụ onye hiwere otu agụmakwụkwọ ahụike na otu ndị edemede ụmụ nwanyị Ijipt; ọ bụkwa onyeisi nchịkọta akụkọ nke "Health Magazine" na Cairo, nakwa onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke "Medical Association Magazine".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ipb.org/nawal-el-sadaawi-in-memory/|title=Nawal El Sadaawi – In Memory|first=Ingeborg |last=Breines|author-link=Ingeborg Breines|website=ipb.org|publisher=IPB – International Peace Bureau|access-date=19 February 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gold.ac.uk/news/nawal-el-saadawi-tribute/|title=Tribute to doctor, writer and activist Nawal El Saadawi|website=gold.ac.uk|publisher=[[Goldsmiths University of London]]|date=26 March 2021|access-date=19 February 2024}}</ref> == Ide ihe == [[File:Nawal El Saadawi 02.JPG|thumb|right|Saadawi at the Göteborg Book Fair na 2010]] Saadawi malitere ide ihe na mbido ọrụ ya. Ihe odide mbụ ya gụnyere ọtụtụ akụkọ dị mkpirikpi nke akpọrọ ''Amụtara m Ịhụnanya'' (1957) na akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya, ''Memoirs of a Woman Doctor'' (1958). O mechara dee ọtụtụ akwụkwọ akụkọ na obere akụkọ na akwụkwọ ncheta onwe ya, ''Memoir from the Women's Prison'' (1986). E bipụtala Saadawi n'ọtụtụ akwụkwọ akụkọ, a sụgharịkwara ọrụ ya site na Arabic mbụ gaa na ihe karịrị asụsụ 30.<ref>Van Allen, Judith Imel, [https://books.google.com/books?id=fy11AwAAQBAJ&dq=saadawi+translated+into+more+than+30+languages&pg=PT1369 "Saadawi, Nawal El (1931–)"], in Gary L. Anderson and Kathryn G. Herr (eds), ''Encyclopedia of Activism and Social Justice'', Sage Publications, 2007, pp. 1249–1250.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=El Saadawi, Nawal (1932–) {{!}} Encyclopedia.com |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/international/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/el-saadawi-nawal-1932 |access-date=15 May 2022 |website=www.encyclopedia.com}}</ref> Na 1972, o bipụtara akwụkwọ mbụ ya nke anaghị akụkọ ifo, ''Women and Sex'',<ref name="women" /> which evoked the antagonism of highly placed political and theological authorities.<ref name="Krajeski, The New Yorker" /> O mekwara ka a chụọ ya n'ọrụ na Ministri Ahụike.<ref name="women" /> Ọrụ ndị ọzọ gụnyere ''The Hidden Face of Eve'',<ref>{{cite book |title=The hidden face of Eve : women in the Arab world |oclc=924716956 }}</ref> ''God Dies by the Nile'',<ref>{{cite book |title=God dies by the Nile |oclc=12583064 }}</ref> ''The Circling Song'',<ref>{{cite book |title=The circling song |oclc=18587928 }}</ref> ''Searching'',<ref>{{cite book |title=Searching |oclc=24707056 }}</ref> ''The Fall of the Imam'' (a kọwara ya dị ka "mkpughe dị ike ma na-akpali akpali nke ihe egwu ndị ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụaka nwere ike ikpughe site na nkwenkwe okpukpe"),<ref>{{cite journal |first=Philip |last=Womack |author-link=Philip Womack |url=http://newhumanist.org.uk/2119/the-fall-of-the-imam-by-nawal-el-saadawi |title=The Fall of the Imam by Nawal El Saadawi (review) |journal=[[New Humanist]] |date=20 August 2009}}</ref> and ''Woman at Point Zero''.<!--{{Citation needed|date=March 2021}}--><ref>{{cite book|title=Woman at point zero |oclc=10887569 }}</ref> Ọtụtụ mmadụ akatọọla ọrụ ya bụ 'The Hidden Face of Eve' maka nkwupụta na ọ na-ede maka "onye mba ọzọ na-akatọ onye mba ọzọ".<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=Amireh |first=Amal |date=2000 |title=Framing Nawal El Saadawi: Arab Feminism in a Transnational World |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/495572 |journal=Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=215–249 |doi=10.1086/495572 |s2cid=143010343 |issn=0097-9740|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Aha mbụ nke akwụkwọ ahụ, nke a sụgharịrị ozugbo na Bekee bụ "Ihu Gbara Ọtọ nke Nwanyị Arab" ewepụrụkwa ọtụtụ isiakwụkwọ na mbipụta Bekee nke akwụkwọ ahụ, ma e jiri ya tụnyere nke mbụ nke Arabic ahụ.<ref name=":3" /> O tinyere aka na ihe nkiri "Mgbe nwanyị nupụrụ isi" na akwụkwọ akụkọ nke afọ 1984 ''Sisterhood Is Global'', nke edeziri site na onye deziri ya Robin Morgan,<ref name="global">{{cite web |url=https://catalog.vsc.edu/lscfind/Record/154795/TOC#tabnav |title=Sisterhood Is Global: Table of Contents |publisher=Catalog.vsc.edu |access-date=15 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208065459/https://catalog.vsc.edu/lscfind/Record/154795/TOC#tabnav |archive-date=8 December 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ma bụrụ onye tinyere aka na nchịkọta akụkọ nke afọ 2019 ''New Daughters of Africa'', edited by [[Margaret Busby]], nke gụnyere edemede ya "Banyere M n'Africa—Ndọrọ Ndọrọ Ọchịchị na Okpope n'oge Nwatakịrị M".<ref>[[Imani Perry|Perry, Imani]] (29 March 2019), [https://www.ft.com/content/2a4e64a8-508a-11e9-8f44-fe4a86c48b33 "New Daughters of Africa — a new anthology of a groundbreaking book"], ''[[Financial Times]]''.</ref><ref>Rocker-Clinton, Johnna (August 2019), [https://sanfranciscobookreview.com/product/new-daughters-of-africa-an-international-anthology-of-writing-by-women-of-african-descent/ "Margaret Busby does it again!"] (review of ''New Daughters of Africa: An International Anthology of Writing by Women of African Descent''), ''San Francisco Book Review''.</ref> E bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ Saadawi nke akpọrọ 'Zeina' na Lebanọn n'afọ 2009. E bipụtara nsụgharị French ahụ n'okpuru aha njirimara Nawal Zeinab el Sayed, site na iji aha nne ya mbụ.<ref>{{cite news|title=Radical writer back with vengeance|url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/world/africa/radical-writer-back-with-vengeance-1.486421/|work= The National|access-date=17 November 2014|date=7 September 2009}}</ref> Saadawi na-asụ asụsụ [[asụsụ Bekee|Bekee]] nke ọma, tinyere obodo ya.Egyptian Arabic.<ref>{{cite web|first=Hans Ulrich |last=Obrist|url=http://www.e-flux.com/journal/42/60256/in-conversation-with-nawal-el-saadawi/ |title=In Conversation with Nawal El Saadawi|website=e-flux Journal|number=42|date= February 2013}}</ref> Dịka o si dee ya n'asụsụ Arabic, ọ hụrụ ajụjụ nke ịtụgharị asụsụ Bekee ma ọ bụ French dị ka "nnukwu nsogbu" nke jikọtara ya na eziokwu ahụ bụ na <blockquote>"ike ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya bụ nke Bekee ma ọ bụ French na-asụkarị.... Ndị nwere nnukwu akwụkwọ n'ụwa ka na-eleghara m anya, n'ihi na m na-ede ihe n'asụsụ Arabic, nakwa n'ihi na m na-akatọ echiche ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya, nke onye na-achị obodo, nke onye na-akpa ókè agbụrụ, na nke ndị nna ochie nke ndị ọchịchị ukwu."<ref>{{cite web|first=Dele Meiji |last=Fatunla|url=http://newafricanmagazine.com/nawal-el-saadawi-identity-not-fixed/ |title=Nawal El Saadawi: 'My identity is not fixed'|magazine=[[New African]]|date= 30 June 2016}}</ref></blockquote> Akwụkwọ ya ''Mufakirat Tifla fi Al-Khamisa wa Al-Thamaneen''(Akwụkwọ Ndetu nke Nwa agbọghọ dị afọ 85), nke dabere na ihe e dere n'akwụkwọ akụkọ ya, ka e bipụtara n'afọ 2017.<ref>{{cite web|first=Mahmoud |last=El-Wardani|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/18/62/273741/Books/Review/At-,-Nawal-ElSaadawi-writes-about-Nawal-ElSaadawi.aspx |title=At 85, Nawal El-Saadawi writes about Nawal El-Saadawi|website=Ahram Online|date= 5 August 2017}}</ref> == Echiche == ===Mmegide megide mmebi akụkụ ahụ nwoke na nwanyị=== Mgbe ọ dị obere, Saadawi mere usoro nke ebe ụmụ nwanyị na-ebipụ akụkụ ahụ ha.<ref>el-Saadawi, Nawal, ''The Hidden Face of Eve'', Part 1: The Mutilated Half.</ref> Mgbe ọ bụ okenye, o dere gbasara omume a ma katọọ ya. O zara ọnwụ nke otu nwa agbọghọ dị afọ iri na abụọ, Bedour Shaker, n'oge a na-eme ịwa ahụ maka ibi úgwù n'ime akụkụ ahụ mmadụ na 2007 site n'ide ihe: "Bedour, ị̀ nwụrụ anwụ ka ìhè wee nwuo n'uche ndị gbara ọchịchịrị? Ị ga-eji ndụ gị dị oké ọnụ ahịa kwụọ ụgwọ ... ka ndị dọkịta na ndị ụkọchukwu mụta na okpukpe ziri ezi anaghị ebipụ akụkụ ahụ ụmụaka?"<ref>Michael, Maggie, [http://www.physorg.com/news102393179.html "Egypt Officials Ban Female Circumcision"<!-- Bot generated title -->], Phys.org, 30 June 2007. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070702171148/http://www.physorg.com/news102393179.html |date=2 July 2007 }}.</ref> Dịka dọkịta na onye na-akwado ikike mmadụ, Saadawi megidere ibi ụmụ nwoke úgwù. O kwenyere na ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị kwesịrị ka e chebe ha pụọ ​​na mmebi akụkụ ahụ ha.<ref name="theglobaldispatches">{{cite web|url=http://www.theglobaldispatches.com/articles/nawal-al-saadawi|first=Allston|last=Mitchell|title=Nawal al Saadawi|work=The Global Dispatches|date=16 May 2010|access-date=12 February 2014|archive-date=7 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170707223358/http://www.theglobaldispatches.com/articles/nawal-al-saadawi|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Ọchịchị mmadụ na Feminism === Saadawi kọwara onwe ya dị ka "onye na-akwado ụmụnwaanyị na soshal midia", na-ekwere na a pụghị imeri ọgụ ụmụnwaanyị n'okpuru ọchịchị kapitalizim.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Fawzy |first=Mary |date=7 May 2021 |title=The socialist feminism of Nawal El Saadawi |url=https://www.newframe.com/the-socialist-feminism-of-nawal-el-saadawi/ |access-date=22 December 2022 |website=New Frame}}</ref> Nkwenye a nke ndị otu ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya apụtala site n'ikpe na-ezighị ezi ọ hụrụ ná ndụ ya.<ref name=":4" /> N'akwụkwọ ya bụ 'The Zoro Ezo nke Eve', o dere gbasara otu a na-agaghị esi kewapụ ndụ mmekọahụ na nke mmetụta uche nke ndị mmadụ na ndụ akụnụba ha na mmepụta ha, ya mere iwu ọnọdụ onwe onye na mba Arab ga-abụrịrị ihe kacha mkpa nye ndị socialist.<ref>{{Citation |chapter=Introduction |date=2015 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350251076.0006 |title=The Hidden Face of Eve |publisher=Zed Books |doi=10.5040/9781350251076.0006 |isbn=978-0-90576-251-7 |access-date=22 December 2022|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name=":4" /> N'ajụjụ ọnụ a gbara ya na 2018, o kwuru na ya abụghị onye Marxist, ebe ọ gụchara akwụkwọ ya nke ọ chọpụtara na ọ na-enwe nsogbu na ya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nawal El Saadawi on feminism, fiction and the illusion of democracy |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=djMfFU7DIB8 |language=en |publisher=[[Channel 4 News]]|via=YouTube|date=13 June 2018|access-date=22 December 2022}}</ref> ===Okpukperechi=== N'ajụjụ ọnụ ya nke afọ 2014, Saadawi kwuru na "isi ihe kpatara mmegbu ụmụ nwanyị dị n'usoro ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya zuru ụwa ọnụ, nke okpukperechi kwadoro".<ref>{{Cite web|title = They don't want any really courageous people!|url = http://en.qantara.de/content/interview-with-nawal-el-saadawi-they-dont-want-any-really-courageous-people|website = Qantara.de - Dialogue with the Islamic World|access-date =5 November 2015|last = Fariborz|first = Arian|date =5 July 2014}}</ref> Mgbe ọtụtụ narị mmadụ nwụrụ n'ihe a kpọrọ [[2015 Mina stampede|"stampede" n'oge njem njem 2015]] (Hajj) nke ndị Alakụba gaa [[Mecca]], Saudi Arabia, o kwuru, sị: <blockquote>"Ha na-ekwu maka ịgbanwe ụzọ e si achịkwa Hajj, gbasara ime ka ndị mmadụ na-eme njem n'obere ìgwè. Ihe ha na-ekwughị bụ na ihe a mere n'ihi na ndị a na-alụ ọgụ ịtụ ekwensu nkume. Gịnị mere ha ji kwesị ịtụ ekwensu nkume? Gịnị mere ha ji kwesị isusu nkume ojii ahụ ọnụ? Mana ọ dịghị onye ga-ekwu nke a. Ndị mgbasa ozi agaghị ebipụta ya. Gịnị ka ọ bụ, enweghị mmasị ịkatọ okpukpe? ... Ọjụjụ a ịkatọ okpukpe ... abụghị liberalism. Nke a bụ mmachibido iwu."<ref name=Cooke /></blockquote> O kwuru na ihe ndị dị na Hajj, dịka isusu Okute Ojii ọnụ, nwere mgbọrọgwụ ndị ọgọ mmụọ tupu okpukpe Islam.<ref>Fiona Lloyd-Davies, [https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/correspondent/1619902.stm "No compromise"], ''Correspondent'', BBC News, 26 October 2001.</ref> Saadawi was involved in the academic exploration of [[Arab identity]] throughout her writing career.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Hanadi|first1=Al-Samman|title=Diasporic Na(rra)tions: Arab Women Rewriting Exile|date=2000|publisher=[[Indiana University]]|page=25}}</ref> Saadawi kọwara mkpuchi ihu nke ndị Alakụba dị ka "ngwaọrụ mmegbu ụmụ nwanyị".<ref name="theglobaldispatches" /> ===Ebumnuche nke ụmụ nwanyị=== Ọ katọrọkwa ihe megidere ihe ndị e ji mara ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ nwanyị n'usoro mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya nke a na-ahụkarị na Yuropu na US,<ref>{{cite book|last1=El Saadawi|first1=Nawal|title=The Nawal El Saadawi Reader|publisher=Zed Books|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r9SPVEG3cv0C|date=1997|isbn=9781856495141|access-date=8 April 2015}}</ref> na-akpasu ndị otu nwanyị ibe ha iwe site n'ikwu okwu megide etemeete na uwe ndị na-ekpughe ihe.<ref name=taylor/> ===United States=== N'okwu nkuzi nke afọ 2002 na [[Mahadum California na Berkeley's Center for Middle Eastern Studies]], Saadawi kọwara agha nke US duziri megide Afghanistan dị ka "agha iji mee ihe n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi na mmanụ dị na mpaghara ahụ", na amụma mba ofesi nke US na nkwado ya nye Israel dị ka "ezigbo iyi ọha egwu.".<ref>{{cite web|last1=Pasquini|first1=Elaine|title=El Saadawi Calls U.S. Foreign Policy 'Real Terrorism'|url=https://www.questia.com/magazine/1P3-110120822/el-saadawi-calls-u-s-foreign-policy-real-terrorism|via=|work=Washington Report on Middle East Affairs|date=March 2002|access-date=|archive-date=9 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160409040731/https://www.questia.com/magazine/1P3-110120822/el-saadawi-calls-u-s-foreign-policy-real-terrorism|url-status=dead}}</ref> Saadawi held the opinion that Egyptians are forced into poverty by US aid.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Nielsen|first1=Nikolaj|title=Nawal El Saadawi: 'I am against stability. We need revolution'|url=http://chronikler.com/middle-east/egypt/nawal-el-saadawi-interview/|access-date=19 November 2014|work=The Chronikler|date=11 July 2013}}</ref> ==Fim== Saadawi bụ isiokwu nke ihe nkiri "She Speaked the Unspeakable", nke [[Jill Nicholls]] duziri, nke a na-agbasa na February 2017 na usoro ihe nkiri telivishọn [[BBC One]] ''[[Imagine (usoro ihe nkiri TV)|Imagine]]''.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b08g7hr8 "She Spoke the Unspeakable"], BBC One, ''Imagine'', Winter 2017. [http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x5cu7f1 Via] [[Dailymotion]].</ref> ==Ọnwụ== Saadawi nwụrụ n'abalị iri abụọ na otu nke ọnwa Maachị afọ 2021, mgbe ọ dị afọ iri asatọ na itoolu, n'ụlọọgwụ dị na Cairo.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://english.ahram.org.eg/News/407474.aspx|title=Renowned Egyptian feminist, author Nawal El-Saadawi dies at the age of 89|website=[[Ahram Online]]|first=Mohammed |last=Saad |date=21 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://egyptianstreets.com/2021/03/21/pioneering-egyptian-feminist-nawal-el-saadawi-dies-aged-89/|title=Pioneering Egyptian Feminist Nawal El Saadawi Dies Aged 89|website=[[Egyptian Streets]]|date=21 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/1829281/offbeat |title=Arab author, women's rights icon Nawal El-Saadawi dies in Cairo |website=Arab News |date=21 March 2021 }}</ref> Her life was commemorated on [[BBC Radio 4]]'s obituary programme ''[[Last Word]]''.<ref>{{cite episode| title= Nawal El Saadawi (pictured), Brigadier Jack Thomas, President John Magufuli, Ion Mihai Pacepa| series= [[Last Word]]| credits= Producer: Neil George; Interviewed guests: [[Mona Eltahawy]], Sally Nabil| station= BBC Radio 4| airdate= 26 March 2021| url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/m000tg67 | access-date= 28 March 2021 }}</ref> ==Ihe nrite na nsọpụrụ ahọpụtara== *2004: [[North–South Prize site na [[Council of Europe]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.coe.int/en/web/north-south-centre/previous-laureates-of-the-north-south-prize|title=Previous laureates of the North-South Prize|publisher=Council of Europe|website=coe.int}}</ref> *2005: Inana International Prize, Belgium<ref name="auto1"/> *2007: Honorary Doctorate, [[Vrije Universiteit Brussel]], Belgium<ref>{{cite book|chapter-url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-1-137-58730-5_4|publisher=Nawal El Saadawi|doi=10.1007/978-1-137-58730-5_4|title=Diary of a Child Called Souad|year=2016|last1=El Saadawi|first1=Nawal|chapter=Nawal el Saadawi and a History of Oppression: Brief Biographical Facts |pages=153–158|isbn=978-1-137-58936-1}}</ref> *2007: Honorary Doctorate, [[Université libre de Bruxelles]], Belgium<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ulb.be/en/about-ulb/ulbs-honorary-doctorates|title=ULB's honorary doctorates|website=ulb.be|publisher=Université libre de Bruxelles}}</ref> *2010: Honorary Doctorate, [[National Autonomous University of Mexico]], Mexico<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.barrons.com/news/author-physician-nawal-el-saadawi-egypt-s-critic-of-taboos-01616337305?tesla=y|title=Author, Physician Nawal El-Saadawi, Egypt's Critic Of Taboos|website=barrons.com|first=Farid|last= Farid|publisher=Barron's|date=21 March 2021}}</ref> *2011: [[Stig Dagerman Prize]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://blog.svd.se/kultur/2012/01/09/motvillig-el-saadawi-far-dagermanpriset/ |title=Motvillig El Saadawi får Dagermanpriset |work=[[SvD]] |language=sv |date=9 January 2012 |access-date=27 October 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aftonbladet.se/kultur/article14833794.ab |title=Lydnad är ett dödligt gift |work=Kultur |language=sv |date=15 May 2012 |access-date=27 October 2012}}</ref> *2012: [[Seán MacBride Peace Prize]]<ref name="auto2"/> *2015: [[BBC's 100 Women]]<ref name="bbc">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-34745739|title=BBC 100 Women 2015: Who is on the list?|date=17 November 2015|work=BBC News|access-date=3 August 2019|language=en-GB}}</ref> *2020: ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]''{{'}}s 100 Women of the Year (1981)<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://time.com/5793662/nawal-el-saadawi-100-women-of-the-year/ |title=1981: Nawal El Saadawi |magazine=Time |date=5 March 2020 }}</ref> ==Ọrụ ndị ahọpụtara== Saadawi dere ihe nke ọma, wee tinye ụfọdụ n'ime ọrụ ya n'ịntanetị.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Amireh |first=Amal |date=2000 |title=Framing Nawal El Saadawi: Arab Feminism in a Transnational World |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3175385 |journal=Signs |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=215–249 |doi=10.1086/495572 |jstor=3175385 |s2cid=143010343 |issn=0097-9740|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Saiti |first1=Ramzi |last2=Salti |first2=Ramzi M. |date=1994 |title=Paradise, Heaven, and Other Oppressive Spaces: A Critical Examination of the Life and Works of Nawal el-Saadawi |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4183334 |journal=Journal of Arabic Literature |volume=25 |issue=2 |pages=152–174 |doi=10.1163/157006494X00059 |jstor=4183334 |issn=0085-2376|url-access=subscription }}</ref> '''Akwụkwọ akụkọ na akwụkwọ akụkọ''' * ''Mudhakkirat tabiba'' (Cairo, 1958). ''Memoirs of a Woman Doctor'', trans. [[Catherine Cobham]] (Saqi Books, 1988) * ''Al ghayib'' (Cairo, 1965). ''Searching'', trans. Shirley Eber (Zed Books, 1991) * ''Imra'tani fi-Imra'a'' (Cairo, 1968). ''Two Women in One'', trans. [[Osman Nusairi]] and Jana Gough (Saqi Books, 1985) * ''Maut ar-raǧul al-waḥīd ʿala ‚l-arḍ'' (1974). ''[[God Dies by the Nile]]'', trans. [[Sherif Hetata]] (Zed Books, 1985) * ''Al-khait wa'ayn al-hayat'' (Cairo, 1976). ''The Well of Life and the Thread: Two Short Novels'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Lime Tree, 1993) * ''Ughniyat al-atfal al da iriyah'' (Beirut: Dar al-Adab, 1977). ''The Circling Song'', trans. Marilyn Booth (Zed Books, 1989) * ''Emra'a enda noktat el sifr'' (Beirut: Dar al-Adab, 1977). ''[[Woman at Point Zero]]'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Zed Books, 1983) * ''Mawt Ma'ali al-Wazir Sabiqan'' (1980). ''Death of an Ex-Minister'', trans. Shirley Eber (Methuen, 1987) * ''Suqūṭ al-imām'' (Cairo, 1987). ''[[The Fall of the Imam]]'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Methuen, 1988) * ''Jann āt wa-Iblīs'' (Beirut, 1992). ''The Innocence of the Devil'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Methuen, 1994) * ''Ḥubb fī zaman al-naf̣t'' (Cairo, 1993). ''Love in the Kingdom of Oil'', trans. [[Basil Hatim]] and Malcolm Williams (Saqi Books, 2001) * ''Al-Riwayah'' (Cairo: Dar El Hilal, 2004). ''The Novel'', trans. [[Omnia Amin]] and [[Rick London]] (Interlink Books, 2009) * ''Zeina'' (Beirut: Dar Al Saqi, 2009). ''Zeina'', trans. [[Amira Nowaira]] (Saqi Books, 2011) '''Nchịkọta akụkọ dị mkpirikpi''' * ''Ta'allamt al-hubb'' (Cairo, 1957). ''I Learned Love'' * ''Lahzat sidq'' (Cairo, 1959). ''Moment of Truth'' * ''Little Tenderness'' (Cairo, 1960) * ''al-Khayt wa-l-jidar'' (1972). ''The Thread and the Wall'' * ''Ain El Hayat'' (Beirut, 1976) * ''Kānat hiya al-aḍʻaf'' ["She Was the Weaker"] (1979). ''She Has No Place in Paradise'', trans. Shirley Eber (Methuen, 1987). Includes three additional stories: "She Has No Place in Paradise", "Two Women Friends", and "'Beautiful'". * ''Adab Am Kellet Abad'' (Cairo, 2000) '''Egwuregwu''' * ''Ithna 'ashar imra'a fi zinzana wahida'' (Cairo, 1984). ''Twelve Women in a Cell'' * ''Isis'' (Cairo, 1985) * ''God Resigns in the Summit Meeting'' (1996), published by Madbouli, and four other plays included in her ''Collected Works'' (45 books in Arabic), Cairo: Madbouli, 2007 * ''Twelve Women in a Cell: Plays by Mediterranean Women'' (Aurora Metro Books, 1994) '''Ihe ncheta''' * ''Mudhakkirat fi Sijn al-Nisa'' (Cairo, 1983). ''Memoirs from the Women's Prison'', trans. Marilyn Booth ([[The Women's Press]], 1986) * ''Rihlati hawla al-'alam'' (Cairo, 1986). ''My Travels Around the World'', trans. Shirley Eber (Methuen, 1991) * ''Memoirs of a Child Called Soad'' (Cairo, 1990) * ''Awraqi hayati'', first volume (Cairo, 1995). ''A Daughter of Isis'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Zed Books, 1999) * ''Awraqi hayati'', second volume (Cairo, 1998). ''Walking Through Fire'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Zed Books, 2002) * ''My Life, Part III'' (Cairo, 2001) '''Akụkọ na-abụghị akụkọ ifo''' * ''Women and Sex'' (Cairo, 1969) * ''Woman Is the Origin'' (Cairo, 1971) * ''Men and Sex'' (Cairo, 1973) * ''The Naked Face of Arab Women'' (Cairo, 1974) * ''Women and Neurosis'' (Cairo, 1975) * ''Al-Wajh al-'ari lil-mar'a al-'arabiyy'' (1977). ''The Hidden Face of Eve: Women in the Arab World'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Zed Press, 1980) * ''On Women'' (Cairo, 1986) * ''A New Battle in Arab Women Liberation'' (Cairo, 1992) * ''Collection of Essays'' (Cairo, 1998) * ''Collection of Essays'' (Cairo, 2001) * ''Breaking Down Barriers'' (Cairo, 2004) '''Compilations in English''' * ''Plays by Mediterranean Women'' (Aurora Metro Books, 1994, {{ISBN|978-0-9515877-3-7}}) * ''North/South: The Nawal El Saadawi Reader'' (Zed Books, 1997) * ''Off Limits: New Writings on Fear and Sin'' (Gingko Library, 2019, {{ISBN|978-88-87847-16-1}}) == Hụkwa ==   *   *   *   * Thesis/dissertation.  <templatestyles src="Module:Side box/styles.css"></templatestyles> * Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Nawal El Saadawi na archive.org * Adele Newson-Horst, "[https://www.worldliteraturetoday.org/blog/literary-tributes/remembering-nawal-el-saadawi-adele-newson-horst "Ịcheta Nawal El Saadawi"]", World Literature Today, 24 March 2021. * [[Ernest Emenyonu]], "NAWAL EL SAADAWI: Ndụ na edemede (Ọktoba 27, 1931 - Machị 21, 2021) ", Boydell na Brewer, 13 Mee 2021. [[Otú:Articles with hCards]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] e9s2w0iftli94fjdm3elx4xyn2vyyw2 736868 736867 2026-10-08T13:51:12Z Adimora chidinma 15845 /* Court cases against her */ 736868 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}   '''Nawal El Saadawi''' ({{langx|ar|نوال السعداوي}}, {{ALA-LC|arz|Nawāl as-Saʿdāwī}};27 Ọktoba 1931 – 21 Maachị 2021) bụ onye edemede feminist nke Ijipt, activist, disciatist, na psychiatrist. O dere ọtụtụ akwụkwọ gbasara ụmụ nwanyị na Islam, na-elekwasị anya n'okwu ndị metụtara ụmụ nwanyị na Global South, gụnyere sexuality, patriarchy social class, na colonialism.<ref name=":3" /> Ọ bụ onye hiwere ma bụrụkwa onyeisi oche nke otu Arab Women's Solidarity Association.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2 March 2015|title=Nawal El Saadawi|url=https://orgs.law.harvard.edu/womeninspiringchange/2015-honorees/nawal-el-saadawi/|access-date=9 October 2020|website=Women Inspiring Change|language=en-US|archive-date=18 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201218120145/https://orgs.law.harvard.edu/womeninspiringchange/2015-honorees/nawal-el-saadawi/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>Hitchcock, Peter; El Saadawi, Nawal; Hatata, Sherif. "Living the Struggle". ''Transition'' 61 (1993): 170–179.</ref> Ọ bụkwa onye hiwere Arab Association for Human Rights.<ref>Nawal El Saadawi, "Presentation by Nawal El Saadawi: President's Forum, M/MLA Annual Convention, November 4, 1999", ''The Journal of the Midwest Modern Language Association'' 33.3–34.1 (Autumn 2000 – Winter 2001): 34–39.</ref> O nwetara akara ugo mmụta nsọpụrụ site na mahadum dị na kọntinent atọ. Na 2004, Kọnsụl nke Yuropu nyere ya North–South Prize. Na 2005, o nwetara ihe nrite mba ụwa Inana na Belgium.<ref name="auto1">[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jue04c1_wkY "PEN World Voices Arthur Miller Freedom to Write Lecture by Nawal El Saadawi"], YouTube. 8 September 2009.</ref> Na 2012, International Peace Bureau nyere ya onyinye Seán MacBride Peace Prize.<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web|title=International Peace Bureau|url=http://www.ipb.org/web/index.php?mostra=news&menu=home&id_nom=IPB+to+award+2012+Sean+MacBride+Peace+Prize+to+Nawal+El-Sadaawi+and+Lina+Ben+Mhenni|website=www.ipb.org|access-date=25 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925221701/http://www.ipb.org/web/index.php?mostra=news&menu=home&id_nom=IPB+to+award+2012+Sean+MacBride+Peace+Prize+to+Nawal+El-Sadaawi+and+Lina+Ben+Mhenni|archive-date=25 September 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ndụ mbido == A mụrụ Saadawi, onye nke abụọ n'ime ụmụ itoolu, na 27 Ọktoba 1931 n'obodo nta dị na Kafr Tahla, [[Egypt]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/mar/22/nawal-el-saadawi-obituary|title=Nawal El Saadawi obituary|date=22 March 2021|first=Sarah A|last= Smith|website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Elkhatib |first1=Sameh |title=Egyptian feminist and author el-Saadawi dies at 89 |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/egyptian-feminist-author-el-saadawi-dies-89-2021-03-22/ |website=Reuters |access-date=24 March 2026}}</ref> E mere Saadawi ebe ụmụ nwanyị bi n'ime akụkụ ahụ ha <ref name=Khaleeli /> at the age of six,<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last1=Sa'dawi|first1=Nawal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I9vqMossOjoC|title=A Daughter of Isis: The Autobiography of Nawal El Saadawi|last2=Saadawi|first2=Nawal El|last3=Saʻdāwī|first3=Nawāl|last4=Saʿdāwī|first4=Nawāl as-|date=1999|publisher=[[Zed Books]]|isbn=978-1-85649-680-3|pages=63–87|language=en}}</ref> ọ bụ ezie na nna ya kwenyere na ụmụ agbọghọ na ụmụ nwoke kwesịrị ịgụ akwụkwọ. O kwuru na nne na nna ya bụ ndị nwere nnwere onwe mgbe ha na-etolite.<ref name=":1"/> Nna ya Upper Egypt bụ onye ọrụ gọọmentị na [[w:Ministry of Education (Egypt)|Ministry of Education]], onye lụsoro ọgụ megide British rebel Egypt n'oge Egypt Revolution of 1919. N'ihi ya, a chụpụrụ ya n'obodo nta dị na Naịl, gọọmentị ekweghịkwa ịkwalite ya ruo afọ 10. Ọ bụ onye na-aga n'ihu ma kụziere nwa ya nwanyị ịkwanyere onwe ya ùgwù na ikwu okwu n'uche ya. Ọ gbakwara ya ume ka ọ mụọ asụsụ Arabik. Agbanyeghị, mgbe El Saadawi dị afọ 10, ezinụlọ ya gbalịrị ime ka ọ lụọ di, mana nne ya kwadoro ya n'ịjụ.<ref name=taylor>{{Cite news |title=Nawal El Saadawi: Feminist firebrand who dared to write dangerously (obituary) |last=Taylor-Coleman |first=Jasmine |website=BBC News |date=21 March 2021 |url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-55048245}}</ref> Both her parents died at a young age,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Nawal El Saadawi|url=http://faculty.webster.edu/woolflm/saadawi.html|access-date=25 September 2015|website=faculty.webster.edu|archive-date=2 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170602080913/http://faculty.webster.edu/woolflm/saadawi.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>{{Unreliable source?|date=September 2021|sure=y|reason=This is an unpublished undergraduate student assignment paper}} na-ahapụ Saadawi naanị ibu ọrụ nke ilekọta ezinụlọ buru ibu.<ref name="bornexile">{{Cite web |url=http://www.nawalsaadawi.net/oldsite/articlesnawal/bornexile.htm |title=Exile and Resistance |first=Nawal |last=El Saadaw|website=Nawal El Saadawi/Sherif Hetata |date=November 2002|access-date=23 June 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091027223127/http://www.nawalsaadawi.net/oldsite/articlesnawal/bornexile.htm |archive-date=27 October 2009 |url-status=usurped }}</ref> Nne ya, Zaynab, sitere n'agbụrụ bara ọgaranya [[w:Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]];<ref>{{cite news|last=Cowell|first=Alan |author-link=Alan Cowell |year=2021|title=Nawal El Saadawi, Advocate for Women in the Arab World, Dies at 89 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/21/obituaries/nawal-el-saadawi-dead.html|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|quote=Nawal El Saadawi was born on Oct. 27, 1931, in the village of Kafr Tahla, a settlement in the lower Nile Delta, the second of nine children. Her mother, Zaynab (Shoukry) El Saadawi, was partially descended from a wealthy Ottoman family. Her father, Al-Sayed El Saadawi, was an official in the government’s education ministry. }}</ref> Saadawi kọwara nna nna ya nke nne ya, Shoukry,<ref>{{cite book|first=Nawal|last= El Saadawi|year=2013|title=A Daughter of Isis: The Early Life of Nawal El Saadawi|publisher=Zed Books|isbn=978-1848136403}}</ref> na nne nne ya dị ka onye Ottoman si malite.<ref name="CaliforniaUni">{{citation|first=Nawal|last= El Saadawi|year=1986|title=Memoirs from the Women's Prison|publisher=University of California Press|page=64|quote= "My eyes widened in astonishment. Even my maternal grandmother used to sing, although she was born to a Turkish mother and lived in my grandfather's house in the epoch when harems still existed." |isbn=0520088883}}</ref> Ọbụna mgbe ọ bụ nwata, ọ katọrọ obodo ndị nwoke bi na ya, ebe ụmụ nwoke ji ha kpọrọ ihe karịa ụmụ nwanyị, na-emeghachi omume n'iwe nye nne nne ya, onye kwuru na "nwoke bara uru ụmụ nwanyị iri na ise ma ọ dịkarịa ala... Ụmụ agbọghọ bụ nsogbu".<ref name=taylor/> O ji nganga kọwaa onwe ya dị ka nwanyị Ijipt agba ọchịchịrị kemgbe ọ dị obere.<ref>{{Citation|url=https://zora.medium.com/my-childhood-in-egypt-not-knowing-i-was-in-africa-27580b07a93b|title=My Childhood in Egypt, Not Knowing I Was in Africa|first=Nawal|last=El Saadawi|website=zora.medium.com|date=13 June 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=New Daughters of Africa|chapter=About Me in Africa—Politics and Religion in my Childhood|editor-first=Margaret|first=El Saadawi|last=Nawal|editor-last=Busby|publisher=[[Myriad Editions]]|edition=paperback|pages=42–44|date=2020}}</ref> == Career == Saadawi graduated as a medical doctor in 1955 from [[Cairo University]]. That year, she married Ahmed Helmi, whom she met as a fellow student in medical school. They have a daughter, Mona Helmi.<ref name=Khaleeli/> The marriage ended after two years.<ref name=JoISR>{{cite journal|first=Yusuf|last=Koseli|title=A PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH TO THE NOVEL OF NAWAL EL SAADAWI TITLED MÜZEKKİRAT TABİBE|journal=The Journal of International Social Research|date=2013|volume=6|issue=28|url=http://www.sosyalarastirmalar.com/cilt6/cilt6sayi28_pdf/koseli_yusuf.pdf|access-date=15 April 2020}}</ref><ref name=Khaleeli>{{Cite web|title = Nawal El Saadawi: Egypt's radical feminist|url = https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2010/apr/15/nawal-el-saadawi-egyptian-feminist|website =The Guardian|date= 15 April 2010|access-date =15 April 2020|first = Homa|last = Khaleeli}}</ref> Through her medical practice, she observed women's physical and psychological problems and connected them with oppressive cultural practices, patriarchal oppression, class oppression and imperialist oppression.<ref name="women">[http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/1999/462/women.htm Feminism in a nationalist century] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100419040800/http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/1999/462/women.htm |date=19 April 2010 }}</ref> Her second husband was a colleague, Rashad Bey.<ref name=JoISR/><ref>{{cite thesis|url=https://www.academia.edu/23224495|title=Voice of Oppressed from the Margins: A Critical Reading on Nawal El Saadawi's "Woman at Point Zero"|last=Puthiyakath|first=Hashim H.|publisher=[[Central University of Tamil Nadu]]|access-date=15 April 2020}}</ref> While working as a doctor in her birthplace of Kafr Tahla, she observed the hardships and inequalities faced by rural women. After attempting to protect one of her patients from [[domestic violence]], Saadawi was summoned back to Cairo. She eventually became the Director of the Ministry of [[public health|Public Health]] and met her third husband, [[Sherif Hatata]], while sharing an office in the Ministry of Health. Hatata, also a medical doctor and writer, had been a [[political prisoner]] for 13 years. They married in 1964 and have a son.<ref name="bornexile"/><ref name=Khaleeli/> Saadawi and Hatata lived together for 43 years<ref name=Cooke>{{cite web|last1=Cooke|first1=Rachel|title=Nawal El Saadawi: 'Do you feel you are liberated? I feel I am not'|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/oct/11/nawal-el-saadawi-interview-do-you-feel-you-are-liberated-not|work=[[The Observer]]|date=11 October 2015|access-date=15 April 2020}}</ref> and divorced in 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/18/62/99644/Books/Review/ElSaadawi-and-Hatata-Voyage-of-a-lifetime.aspx|title=El-Saadawi and Hatata: Voyage of a lifetime|date=24 April 2014|publisher=Ahram Online|first=Mahmoud |last=El-Wardani|access-date=15 April 2020}}</ref> [[File:Shirin Ershadi, Shirin Ebadi and Nawal el-Saadawi (2413951897).jpg|thumb|[[Shirin Ershadi]], [[Shirin Ebadi]] and Nawal el-Saadawi]] Saadawi attended [[Columbia University]], earning a master's degree in public health in 1966.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Smith|first=Harrison|date=23 March 2021|title=Nawal El Saadawi, Egyptian author, physician and feminist activist, dies at 89|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/nawal-el-saadawi-dead/2021/03/23/43c7c250-8b19-11eb-a730-1b4ed9656258_story.html|access-date=16 June 2021}}</ref> In 1972, she published ''Woman and Sex'' ({{lang|ar|المرأة والجنس}}), confronting and contextualising various aggressions perpetrated against women's bodies, including female circumcision. The book became a foundational text of [[second-wave feminism]]. As a consequence of the book and her political activities, Saadawi was dismissed from her position at the Ministry of Health.<ref name="women" /> She also lost her positions as chief editor of a health journal, and as Assistant General Secretary in the Medical Association in Egypt. From 1973 to 1976, Saadawi worked on researching women and [[neurosis]] in [[Ain Shams University]]'s Faculty of Medicine. From 1979 to 1980, she was the [[United Nations]] Advisor for the Women's Programme in Africa (ECA) and the Middle East (ECWA).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://scholarblogs.emory.edu/postcolonialstudies/2014/06/11/saadawi-nawal-el-2/|title=Saadawi, Nawal el – Postcolonial Studies|website=scholarblogs.emory.edu|language=en-US|access-date=31 July 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r9SPVEG3cv0C&q=Nawal+Saadawi+united+nations+advisor+1979&pg=PR1|title=The Nawal El Saadawi Reader|last=Saʻdāwī|first=Nawāl|date=15 December 1997|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=9781856495141|language=en}}</ref> === Ikpe ụlọ ikpe megide ya === Na 2002, Nabih el-Wahsh mere mgbalị iwu n'ụlọ ikpe Ijipt ịgba el-Saadawi alụkwaghịm n'aka di ya n'ụzọ iwu kwadoro n'ihi [[w:hisbah|hesba]], ụkpụrụ nke narị afọ nke 9 nke shariah law, nke na-ekwe ka a mara ndị Alakụba a na-ahụ na ha na-emebi Islam ikpe. Ihe akaebe e ji megide ya bụ ajụjụ ọnụ nke Machị ebe el-Wahsh kwuru na ọ gbahapụrụ Islam. Mgbalị iwu ahụ agaghị nke ọma.<ref name=Khaleeli /><ref>{{Cite web |date=18 June 2001 |title=Cairo writer threatened with divorce |url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2001/jun/18/internationaleducationnews.highereducation |access-date=22 December 2022 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref> N'afọ 2008, e mere otu ihe ahụ iji napụ el-Saadawi mba Ijipt ya n'ihi echiche na ihe odide ya siri ike, mgbalị a agaghịkwa enwe isi.<ref name=Khaleeli /> === Mkpọrọ === Kemgbe gọọmentị Ijipt lere ya anya dị ka ihe na-ese okwu ma dị ize ndụ, Saadawi nyere aka bipụta akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị otu nwanyị na 1981 nke akpọrọ ''Confrontation.'' President of Egypt Anwar Sadat tụrụ ya mkpọrọ na Septemba.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Uglow|first1=Jennifer S.|author2=Maggy Hendry|title=The Northeastern Dictionary of Women's Biography|url=https://archive.org/details/northeasterndict0000uglo|url-access=registration|year=1999|publisher=Northeastern University Press|isbn= 9781555534219|pages=[https://archive.org/details/northeasterndict0000uglo/page/189 189]–190}}</ref> Saadawi kwuru otu oge n'ajụjụ ọnụ a gbara ya: "E jidere m n'ihi na ekwere m Sadat. O kwuru na e nwere ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na anyị nwere usoro ọtụtụ pati, ị nwekwara ike ịkatọ ya. Ya mere, amalitere m ịkatọ iwu ya, m wee banye n'ụlọ mkpọrọ." Sadat kwuru na ọchịchị e guzobere bụ ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya maka ndị mmadụ, nakwa na ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya dị njikere maka nkatọ bara uru. Dịka Saadawi si kwuo, Sadat tụrụ ya mkpọrọ n'ihi nkatọ ya maka ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya. Ọbụna n'ụlọ mkpọrọ, ọ ka chọtara ụzọ isi lụso mmegbu ụmụ nwanyị ọgụ. Mgbe ọ nọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ, o guzobere otu Arab Women's Solidarity Association. Nke a bụ otu mbụ iwu kwadoro na nke nwere onwe ya na Egypt. N'ụlọ mkpọrọ, a jụrụ ya pen na akwụkwọ, agbanyeghị, nke ahụ egbochighị ya ịnọgide na-ede ihe. O jiri "pensụl nku anya ojii siri ike" na "obere akwụkwọ mposi ochie na nke gbawara agbawa" dekọọ echiche ya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Interview with Nawal el aasawi|url=http://www.nyu.edu/classes/keefer/twenty/nawal.html|last=Network|first=Vile News|date=2015|access-date=26 April 2020}}</ref> A tọhapụrụ ya n'afọ ahụ, otu ọnwa ka e gbusịrị Onyeisiala. Banyere ahụmịhe ya, o dere, sị: "Ihe ize ndụ abụrụla akụkụ nke ndụ m kemgbe m were mkpịsị akwụkwọ wee dee ihe. Ọ dịghị ihe dị ize ndụ karịa eziokwu n'ụwa nke dị ụgha."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/2001/06/03/stories/13030786.htm |title=Egypt's face of courage |work=The Hindu|first=Kalpana|last=Sharma|date=3 June 2001|access-date=25 September 2013 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041030002518/http://www.hinduonnet.com/2001/06/03/stories/13030786.htm |archive-date=30 October 2004 }}</ref> Na afọ 1982, o hiwere otu Arab Women's Solidarity Association.<ref>Hussey, Sierra, [https://www.sahistory.org.za/archive/biography-nawal-el-saadawi-sierra-hussey "Biography of Nawal El Saadawi"], South African History Online.</ref> Ọ kọwara otu ya dị ka "onye akụkọ ihe mere eme, onye na-akwado ọchịchị ọha, na onye na-akwado ikike ụmụ nwanyị".<ref>{{cite magazine |url= https://www.aljadid.com/node/2254|title= Nawal El-Saadawi's 'Daughter of Isis' Life and Times via the Plenitude of Her Writings |first=D.H. |last=Melhem|website=Al Jadid Magazine|volume= 5|number= 29|date=Autumn 1999|access-date=22 March 2021}}</ref> Saadawi bụ otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị e jidere n'ụlọ mkpọrọ ụmụ nwanyị Qanatir. Mkpọrọ ya bụ ntọala maka afọ 1983 ya. ''Memoirs from the Women's Prison'' ({{langx|ar|مذكرات في سجن النساء }}). Mkparịta ụka ya na onye mkpọrọ nọ na Qanatir, afọ itoolu tupu a tụọ ya mkpọrọ ebe ahụ, bụ ihe mkpali maka ọrụ mbụ ya, akwụkwọ akụkọ akpọrọ aha ya bụ ''Woman at Point Zero'' ({{langx|ar|امرأة عند نقطة الصفر}}, 1975).<ref name="Krajeski, The New Yorker">{{Cite magazine|url=http://www.newyorker.com/books/page-turner/the-books-of-nawal-el-saadawi|title=The Books of Nawal El Saadawi|magazine=[[The New Yorker]]|first=Jenna|last=Krajeski|date=7 March 2011|access-date=31 July 2017}}</ref> === Mkpagbu ndị ọzọ, nkuzi na US, na ngagharị iwe ndị ọzọ mechara mee === Na 1993, mgbe ndị Alakụba na mkpagbu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị yiri ndụ ya egwu, a manyere Saadawi ịgbapụ n'Ijipt. Ọ nabatara onyinye ịkụzi ihe na Ngalaba Asụsụ Eshia na Afrịka nke Mahadum Duke dị na [[North Carolina]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Former Visiting Professor in Court, Under Fire in Egypt|url=https://today.duke.edu/2001/06/el-saadawi629.html|date=29 June 2001|website=Duke Today|publisher=Duke University|access-date=1 April 2021|language=en}}</ref><ref name=BMJ>Dr Dora Carpenter-Latiri, [http://blogs.bmj.com/medical-humanities/2015/11/11/the-reading-room-a-review-of-memoirs-of-a-woman-doctor/ "The Reading Room: A review of ‘Memoirs of a woman doctor{{'"}}], ''BMJ'' Blog, 11 November 2015.</ref> nakwa na Mahadum Washington. O mechara nọrọ n'ọtụtụ kọleji na mahadum ndị a ma ama dịka Mahadum Cairo, Harvard, Yale, [[w:Mahadum Columbia|Columbia]], [[w:Mahadum Paris|Sorbonne]], [[w:Mahadum Georgetown|Georgetown]], Mahadum Steeti Florida, na Mahadum California, Berkeley. Na 1996, ọ laghachiri Ijipt.<ref name="BMJ"/><ref>{{cite web|last=Ling|first= Jessica |url=http://www.warscapes.com/blog/today-history-happy-85th-birthday-nawal-el-saadawi |title=Today in History: Happy 85th Birthday, Nawal El Saadawi!|website=Warscapes|date=27 October 2016}}</ref> Saadawi gara n'ihu na-akwado ya ma chee echiche ịzọ ọkwa na 2005 ntuli aka onyeisiala Ijipt, tupu ọ pụọ n'ihi ihe siri ike achọrọ maka ndị ga-azọ ọkwa nke mbụ.<ref>[https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2005/7/16/egypt-presidential-aspirant-pulls-out "Egypt presidential aspirant pulls out"], AlJazeera, 16 July 2005. Retrieved 21 July 2021.</ref> O so n'ime ndị ngagharị iwe na Tahrir Square na 2011.<ref>{{cite web|first=Elizabeth |last=Rubin|url=http://www.newsweek.com/2011/03/06/the-feminists-in-the-middle-of-tahrir-square.html |title=The Feminists in the Middle of Tahrir Square|work=[[Newsweek]]|date= 6 March 2011}}</ref> O kwuru ka a kwụsị nkuzi okpukperechi n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị Ijipt.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nawal El Saadawi – Illustrated Women in History |url=https://illustratedwomeninhistory.com/nawal-el-saadawi-is-an-egyptian-feminist-writer/ |date=28 October 2015|access-date=15 May 2022 |language=en-US}}</ref> Saadawi was awarded the 2004 North–South Prize by the Council of Europe.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/nscentre/winners_nsp_EN.asp|title=North-South Centre homepage|website=North-South Centre|language=en-GB|access-date=18 March 2018}}</ref> Na Julaị 2016, ọ bụ onyeisi emume akwụkwọ Royal African Society nke akpọrọ "Africa Writes" na London, ebe o kwuru okwu gbasara "On Being a Woman Writer" na mkparịta ụka ya na [[Margaret Busby]].<ref>{{cite web|first=Kelechi |last=Iwumene|url=http://africawrites.org/blog/africa-writes-2016-the-round-up/ |title=Africa Writes 2016: The Round-Up|publisher=Royal African Society|date= July 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://africawrites.org/uncategorized/on-being-a-woman-writer-nawal-el-saadawi-in-conversation-2/ |title=On Being A Woman Writer: Nawal El Saadawi in conversation|website= Africa Writes|publisher=Royal African Society|date= 2 July 2016}}</ref> [[File:Nawal El Saadawi, April 2012 (cropped).jpg|thumb|April 2012]] Na Göteborg Book Fair nke mere na Septemba 27 ruo 30, 2018, Saadawi gara seminar gbasara mmepe na Ijipt na Middle East mgbe Arab Spring gasịrị.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gp.se/kultur/kultur/nawal-el-sadaawi-till-bokm%C3%A4ssan-1.7940393|title=Nawal El Sadaawi till Bokmässan|work=Göteborgs-Posten|language=sv|date=29 August 2018|access-date=10 October 2018}}</ref> ma n'oge okwu ya na mmemme ahụ kwuru na ike ụwa niile "ndị ọchịchị aka ike, ndị isi obodo, ndị ọchịchị alaeze ukwu, ndị na-akpa ókè agbụrụ", nke United States na-edu, jikọrọ aka na gọọmentị Ijipt iji kwụsị mgbanwe Ijipt nke afọ 2011. O kwukwara na ya chetara ịhụ Odeakwụkwọ nke Mba U.S. n'oge ahụ [[Hillary Clinton]] na Tahrir Square ka ọ na-enye ndị ntorobịa akwụkwọ dollar iji gbaa ha ume ka ha votu maka Ụmụnna Ndị Alakụba na ntuli aka na-abịa.,<ref>[https://www.memri.org/tv/egyptian-activist-nawal-saadawi-saw-hillary-clinton-dollars-tahrir-square "Onye na-akwado ikike ụmụnwaanyị Ijipt bụ Nawal El Saadawi: Ahụrụ m Hillary Clinton ka ọ na-enye ego mba Amerịka na Tahrir Square ka ndị mmadụ wee tụọ vootu maka ụmụnna ndị Alakụba"], [[Memri TV]], 30 Septemba 2018</ref> ọ bụ ezie na enweghị ihe akaebe na ihe a a na-ekwu mere. Nawal El Saadawi nwere ọkwa dịka onye dere akwụkwọ maka Kansụl Kasị Elu maka Nkà na Sayensị Mmekọrịta, Cairo; Onyeisi Isi nke Ngalaba Mmụta Ahụike, Ministry of Health, Cairo, Odeakwụkwọ Ukwu nke Medical Association, Cairo, Egypt, na dọkịta na Ụlọ Ọgwụ Mahadum na [[w:Ministry of Health and Population (Egypt)|Ministry of Health]]. Ọ bụ onye hiwere otu agụmakwụkwọ ahụike na otu ndị edemede ụmụ nwanyị Ijipt; ọ bụkwa onyeisi nchịkọta akụkọ nke "Health Magazine" na Cairo, nakwa onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke "Medical Association Magazine".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ipb.org/nawal-el-sadaawi-in-memory/|title=Nawal El Sadaawi – In Memory|first=Ingeborg |last=Breines|author-link=Ingeborg Breines|website=ipb.org|publisher=IPB – International Peace Bureau|access-date=19 February 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gold.ac.uk/news/nawal-el-saadawi-tribute/|title=Tribute to doctor, writer and activist Nawal El Saadawi|website=gold.ac.uk|publisher=[[Goldsmiths University of London]]|date=26 March 2021|access-date=19 February 2024}}</ref> == Ide ihe == [[File:Nawal El Saadawi 02.JPG|thumb|right|Saadawi at the Göteborg Book Fair na 2010]] Saadawi malitere ide ihe na mbido ọrụ ya. Ihe odide mbụ ya gụnyere ọtụtụ akụkọ dị mkpirikpi nke akpọrọ ''Amụtara m Ịhụnanya'' (1957) na akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya, ''Memoirs of a Woman Doctor'' (1958). O mechara dee ọtụtụ akwụkwọ akụkọ na obere akụkọ na akwụkwọ ncheta onwe ya, ''Memoir from the Women's Prison'' (1986). E bipụtala Saadawi n'ọtụtụ akwụkwọ akụkọ, a sụgharịkwara ọrụ ya site na Arabic mbụ gaa na ihe karịrị asụsụ 30.<ref>Van Allen, Judith Imel, [https://books.google.com/books?id=fy11AwAAQBAJ&dq=saadawi+translated+into+more+than+30+languages&pg=PT1369 "Saadawi, Nawal El (1931–)"], in Gary L. Anderson and Kathryn G. Herr (eds), ''Encyclopedia of Activism and Social Justice'', Sage Publications, 2007, pp. 1249–1250.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=El Saadawi, Nawal (1932–) {{!}} Encyclopedia.com |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/international/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/el-saadawi-nawal-1932 |access-date=15 May 2022 |website=www.encyclopedia.com}}</ref> Na 1972, o bipụtara akwụkwọ mbụ ya nke anaghị akụkọ ifo, ''Women and Sex'',<ref name="women" /> which evoked the antagonism of highly placed political and theological authorities.<ref name="Krajeski, The New Yorker" /> O mekwara ka a chụọ ya n'ọrụ na Ministri Ahụike.<ref name="women" /> Ọrụ ndị ọzọ gụnyere ''The Hidden Face of Eve'',<ref>{{cite book |title=The hidden face of Eve : women in the Arab world |oclc=924716956 }}</ref> ''God Dies by the Nile'',<ref>{{cite book |title=God dies by the Nile |oclc=12583064 }}</ref> ''The Circling Song'',<ref>{{cite book |title=The circling song |oclc=18587928 }}</ref> ''Searching'',<ref>{{cite book |title=Searching |oclc=24707056 }}</ref> ''The Fall of the Imam'' (a kọwara ya dị ka "mkpughe dị ike ma na-akpali akpali nke ihe egwu ndị ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụaka nwere ike ikpughe site na nkwenkwe okpukpe"),<ref>{{cite journal |first=Philip |last=Womack |author-link=Philip Womack |url=http://newhumanist.org.uk/2119/the-fall-of-the-imam-by-nawal-el-saadawi |title=The Fall of the Imam by Nawal El Saadawi (review) |journal=[[New Humanist]] |date=20 August 2009}}</ref> and ''Woman at Point Zero''.<!--{{Citation needed|date=March 2021}}--><ref>{{cite book|title=Woman at point zero |oclc=10887569 }}</ref> Ọtụtụ mmadụ akatọọla ọrụ ya bụ 'The Hidden Face of Eve' maka nkwupụta na ọ na-ede maka "onye mba ọzọ na-akatọ onye mba ọzọ".<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=Amireh |first=Amal |date=2000 |title=Framing Nawal El Saadawi: Arab Feminism in a Transnational World |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/495572 |journal=Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=215–249 |doi=10.1086/495572 |s2cid=143010343 |issn=0097-9740|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Aha mbụ nke akwụkwọ ahụ, nke a sụgharịrị ozugbo na Bekee bụ "Ihu Gbara Ọtọ nke Nwanyị Arab" ewepụrụkwa ọtụtụ isiakwụkwọ na mbipụta Bekee nke akwụkwọ ahụ, ma e jiri ya tụnyere nke mbụ nke Arabic ahụ.<ref name=":3" /> O tinyere aka na ihe nkiri "Mgbe nwanyị nupụrụ isi" na akwụkwọ akụkọ nke afọ 1984 ''Sisterhood Is Global'', nke edeziri site na onye deziri ya Robin Morgan,<ref name="global">{{cite web |url=https://catalog.vsc.edu/lscfind/Record/154795/TOC#tabnav |title=Sisterhood Is Global: Table of Contents |publisher=Catalog.vsc.edu |access-date=15 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208065459/https://catalog.vsc.edu/lscfind/Record/154795/TOC#tabnav |archive-date=8 December 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ma bụrụ onye tinyere aka na nchịkọta akụkọ nke afọ 2019 ''New Daughters of Africa'', edited by [[Margaret Busby]], nke gụnyere edemede ya "Banyere M n'Africa—Ndọrọ Ndọrọ Ọchịchị na Okpope n'oge Nwatakịrị M".<ref>[[Imani Perry|Perry, Imani]] (29 March 2019), [https://www.ft.com/content/2a4e64a8-508a-11e9-8f44-fe4a86c48b33 "New Daughters of Africa — a new anthology of a groundbreaking book"], ''[[Financial Times]]''.</ref><ref>Rocker-Clinton, Johnna (August 2019), [https://sanfranciscobookreview.com/product/new-daughters-of-africa-an-international-anthology-of-writing-by-women-of-african-descent/ "Margaret Busby does it again!"] (review of ''New Daughters of Africa: An International Anthology of Writing by Women of African Descent''), ''San Francisco Book Review''.</ref> E bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ Saadawi nke akpọrọ 'Zeina' na Lebanọn n'afọ 2009. E bipụtara nsụgharị French ahụ n'okpuru aha njirimara Nawal Zeinab el Sayed, site na iji aha nne ya mbụ.<ref>{{cite news|title=Radical writer back with vengeance|url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/world/africa/radical-writer-back-with-vengeance-1.486421/|work= The National|access-date=17 November 2014|date=7 September 2009}}</ref> Saadawi na-asụ asụsụ [[asụsụ Bekee|Bekee]] nke ọma, tinyere obodo ya.Egyptian Arabic.<ref>{{cite web|first=Hans Ulrich |last=Obrist|url=http://www.e-flux.com/journal/42/60256/in-conversation-with-nawal-el-saadawi/ |title=In Conversation with Nawal El Saadawi|website=e-flux Journal|number=42|date= February 2013}}</ref> Dịka o si dee ya n'asụsụ Arabic, ọ hụrụ ajụjụ nke ịtụgharị asụsụ Bekee ma ọ bụ French dị ka "nnukwu nsogbu" nke jikọtara ya na eziokwu ahụ bụ na <blockquote>"ike ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya bụ nke Bekee ma ọ bụ French na-asụkarị.... Ndị nwere nnukwu akwụkwọ n'ụwa ka na-eleghara m anya, n'ihi na m na-ede ihe n'asụsụ Arabic, nakwa n'ihi na m na-akatọ echiche ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya, nke onye na-achị obodo, nke onye na-akpa ókè agbụrụ, na nke ndị nna ochie nke ndị ọchịchị ukwu."<ref>{{cite web|first=Dele Meiji |last=Fatunla|url=http://newafricanmagazine.com/nawal-el-saadawi-identity-not-fixed/ |title=Nawal El Saadawi: 'My identity is not fixed'|magazine=[[New African]]|date= 30 June 2016}}</ref></blockquote> Akwụkwọ ya ''Mufakirat Tifla fi Al-Khamisa wa Al-Thamaneen''(Akwụkwọ Ndetu nke Nwa agbọghọ dị afọ 85), nke dabere na ihe e dere n'akwụkwọ akụkọ ya, ka e bipụtara n'afọ 2017.<ref>{{cite web|first=Mahmoud |last=El-Wardani|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/18/62/273741/Books/Review/At-,-Nawal-ElSaadawi-writes-about-Nawal-ElSaadawi.aspx |title=At 85, Nawal El-Saadawi writes about Nawal El-Saadawi|website=Ahram Online|date= 5 August 2017}}</ref> == Echiche == ===Mmegide megide mmebi akụkụ ahụ nwoke na nwanyị=== Mgbe ọ dị obere, Saadawi mere usoro nke ebe ụmụ nwanyị na-ebipụ akụkụ ahụ ha.<ref>el-Saadawi, Nawal, ''The Hidden Face of Eve'', Part 1: The Mutilated Half.</ref> Mgbe ọ bụ okenye, o dere gbasara omume a ma katọọ ya. O zara ọnwụ nke otu nwa agbọghọ dị afọ iri na abụọ, Bedour Shaker, n'oge a na-eme ịwa ahụ maka ibi úgwù n'ime akụkụ ahụ mmadụ na 2007 site n'ide ihe: "Bedour, ị̀ nwụrụ anwụ ka ìhè wee nwuo n'uche ndị gbara ọchịchịrị? Ị ga-eji ndụ gị dị oké ọnụ ahịa kwụọ ụgwọ ... ka ndị dọkịta na ndị ụkọchukwu mụta na okpukpe ziri ezi anaghị ebipụ akụkụ ahụ ụmụaka?"<ref>Michael, Maggie, [http://www.physorg.com/news102393179.html "Egypt Officials Ban Female Circumcision"<!-- Bot generated title -->], Phys.org, 30 June 2007. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070702171148/http://www.physorg.com/news102393179.html |date=2 July 2007 }}.</ref> Dịka dọkịta na onye na-akwado ikike mmadụ, Saadawi megidere ibi ụmụ nwoke úgwù. O kwenyere na ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị kwesịrị ka e chebe ha pụọ ​​na mmebi akụkụ ahụ ha.<ref name="theglobaldispatches">{{cite web|url=http://www.theglobaldispatches.com/articles/nawal-al-saadawi|first=Allston|last=Mitchell|title=Nawal al Saadawi|work=The Global Dispatches|date=16 May 2010|access-date=12 February 2014|archive-date=7 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170707223358/http://www.theglobaldispatches.com/articles/nawal-al-saadawi|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Ọchịchị mmadụ na Feminism === Saadawi kọwara onwe ya dị ka "onye na-akwado ụmụnwaanyị na soshal midia", na-ekwere na a pụghị imeri ọgụ ụmụnwaanyị n'okpuru ọchịchị kapitalizim.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Fawzy |first=Mary |date=7 May 2021 |title=The socialist feminism of Nawal El Saadawi |url=https://www.newframe.com/the-socialist-feminism-of-nawal-el-saadawi/ |access-date=22 December 2022 |website=New Frame}}</ref> Nkwenye a nke ndị otu ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya apụtala site n'ikpe na-ezighị ezi ọ hụrụ ná ndụ ya.<ref name=":4" /> N'akwụkwọ ya bụ 'The Zoro Ezo nke Eve', o dere gbasara otu a na-agaghị esi kewapụ ndụ mmekọahụ na nke mmetụta uche nke ndị mmadụ na ndụ akụnụba ha na mmepụta ha, ya mere iwu ọnọdụ onwe onye na mba Arab ga-abụrịrị ihe kacha mkpa nye ndị socialist.<ref>{{Citation |chapter=Introduction |date=2015 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350251076.0006 |title=The Hidden Face of Eve |publisher=Zed Books |doi=10.5040/9781350251076.0006 |isbn=978-0-90576-251-7 |access-date=22 December 2022|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name=":4" /> N'ajụjụ ọnụ a gbara ya na 2018, o kwuru na ya abụghị onye Marxist, ebe ọ gụchara akwụkwọ ya nke ọ chọpụtara na ọ na-enwe nsogbu na ya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nawal El Saadawi on feminism, fiction and the illusion of democracy |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=djMfFU7DIB8 |language=en |publisher=[[Channel 4 News]]|via=YouTube|date=13 June 2018|access-date=22 December 2022}}</ref> ===Okpukperechi=== N'ajụjụ ọnụ ya nke afọ 2014, Saadawi kwuru na "isi ihe kpatara mmegbu ụmụ nwanyị dị n'usoro ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya zuru ụwa ọnụ, nke okpukperechi kwadoro".<ref>{{Cite web|title = They don't want any really courageous people!|url = http://en.qantara.de/content/interview-with-nawal-el-saadawi-they-dont-want-any-really-courageous-people|website = Qantara.de - Dialogue with the Islamic World|access-date =5 November 2015|last = Fariborz|first = Arian|date =5 July 2014}}</ref> Mgbe ọtụtụ narị mmadụ nwụrụ n'ihe a kpọrọ [[2015 Mina stampede|"stampede" n'oge njem njem 2015]] (Hajj) nke ndị Alakụba gaa [[Mecca]], Saudi Arabia, o kwuru, sị: <blockquote>"Ha na-ekwu maka ịgbanwe ụzọ e si achịkwa Hajj, gbasara ime ka ndị mmadụ na-eme njem n'obere ìgwè. Ihe ha na-ekwughị bụ na ihe a mere n'ihi na ndị a na-alụ ọgụ ịtụ ekwensu nkume. Gịnị mere ha ji kwesị ịtụ ekwensu nkume? Gịnị mere ha ji kwesị isusu nkume ojii ahụ ọnụ? Mana ọ dịghị onye ga-ekwu nke a. Ndị mgbasa ozi agaghị ebipụta ya. Gịnị ka ọ bụ, enweghị mmasị ịkatọ okpukpe? ... Ọjụjụ a ịkatọ okpukpe ... abụghị liberalism. Nke a bụ mmachibido iwu."<ref name=Cooke /></blockquote> O kwuru na ihe ndị dị na Hajj, dịka isusu Okute Ojii ọnụ, nwere mgbọrọgwụ ndị ọgọ mmụọ tupu okpukpe Islam.<ref>Fiona Lloyd-Davies, [https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/correspondent/1619902.stm "No compromise"], ''Correspondent'', BBC News, 26 October 2001.</ref> Saadawi was involved in the academic exploration of [[Arab identity]] throughout her writing career.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Hanadi|first1=Al-Samman|title=Diasporic Na(rra)tions: Arab Women Rewriting Exile|date=2000|publisher=[[Indiana University]]|page=25}}</ref> Saadawi kọwara mkpuchi ihu nke ndị Alakụba dị ka "ngwaọrụ mmegbu ụmụ nwanyị".<ref name="theglobaldispatches" /> ===Ebumnuche nke ụmụ nwanyị=== Ọ katọrọkwa ihe megidere ihe ndị e ji mara ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ nwanyị n'usoro mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya nke a na-ahụkarị na Yuropu na US,<ref>{{cite book|last1=El Saadawi|first1=Nawal|title=The Nawal El Saadawi Reader|publisher=Zed Books|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r9SPVEG3cv0C|date=1997|isbn=9781856495141|access-date=8 April 2015}}</ref> na-akpasu ndị otu nwanyị ibe ha iwe site n'ikwu okwu megide etemeete na uwe ndị na-ekpughe ihe.<ref name=taylor/> ===United States=== N'okwu nkuzi nke afọ 2002 na [[Mahadum California na Berkeley's Center for Middle Eastern Studies]], Saadawi kọwara agha nke US duziri megide Afghanistan dị ka "agha iji mee ihe n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi na mmanụ dị na mpaghara ahụ", na amụma mba ofesi nke US na nkwado ya nye Israel dị ka "ezigbo iyi ọha egwu.".<ref>{{cite web|last1=Pasquini|first1=Elaine|title=El Saadawi Calls U.S. Foreign Policy 'Real Terrorism'|url=https://www.questia.com/magazine/1P3-110120822/el-saadawi-calls-u-s-foreign-policy-real-terrorism|via=|work=Washington Report on Middle East Affairs|date=March 2002|access-date=|archive-date=9 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160409040731/https://www.questia.com/magazine/1P3-110120822/el-saadawi-calls-u-s-foreign-policy-real-terrorism|url-status=dead}}</ref> Saadawi held the opinion that Egyptians are forced into poverty by US aid.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Nielsen|first1=Nikolaj|title=Nawal El Saadawi: 'I am against stability. We need revolution'|url=http://chronikler.com/middle-east/egypt/nawal-el-saadawi-interview/|access-date=19 November 2014|work=The Chronikler|date=11 July 2013}}</ref> ==Fim== Saadawi bụ isiokwu nke ihe nkiri "She Speaked the Unspeakable", nke [[Jill Nicholls]] duziri, nke a na-agbasa na February 2017 na usoro ihe nkiri telivishọn [[BBC One]] ''[[Imagine (usoro ihe nkiri TV)|Imagine]]''.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b08g7hr8 "She Spoke the Unspeakable"], BBC One, ''Imagine'', Winter 2017. [http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x5cu7f1 Via] [[Dailymotion]].</ref> ==Ọnwụ== Saadawi nwụrụ n'abalị iri abụọ na otu nke ọnwa Maachị afọ 2021, mgbe ọ dị afọ iri asatọ na itoolu, n'ụlọọgwụ dị na Cairo.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://english.ahram.org.eg/News/407474.aspx|title=Renowned Egyptian feminist, author Nawal El-Saadawi dies at the age of 89|website=[[Ahram Online]]|first=Mohammed |last=Saad |date=21 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://egyptianstreets.com/2021/03/21/pioneering-egyptian-feminist-nawal-el-saadawi-dies-aged-89/|title=Pioneering Egyptian Feminist Nawal El Saadawi Dies Aged 89|website=[[Egyptian Streets]]|date=21 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/1829281/offbeat |title=Arab author, women's rights icon Nawal El-Saadawi dies in Cairo |website=Arab News |date=21 March 2021 }}</ref> Her life was commemorated on [[BBC Radio 4]]'s obituary programme ''[[Last Word]]''.<ref>{{cite episode| title= Nawal El Saadawi (pictured), Brigadier Jack Thomas, President John Magufuli, Ion Mihai Pacepa| series= [[Last Word]]| credits= Producer: Neil George; Interviewed guests: [[Mona Eltahawy]], Sally Nabil| station= BBC Radio 4| airdate= 26 March 2021| url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/m000tg67 | access-date= 28 March 2021 }}</ref> ==Ihe nrite na nsọpụrụ ahọpụtara== *2004: [[North–South Prize site na [[Council of Europe]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.coe.int/en/web/north-south-centre/previous-laureates-of-the-north-south-prize|title=Previous laureates of the North-South Prize|publisher=Council of Europe|website=coe.int}}</ref> *2005: Inana International Prize, Belgium<ref name="auto1"/> *2007: Honorary Doctorate, [[Vrije Universiteit Brussel]], Belgium<ref>{{cite book|chapter-url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-1-137-58730-5_4|publisher=Nawal El Saadawi|doi=10.1007/978-1-137-58730-5_4|title=Diary of a Child Called Souad|year=2016|last1=El Saadawi|first1=Nawal|chapter=Nawal el Saadawi and a History of Oppression: Brief Biographical Facts |pages=153–158|isbn=978-1-137-58936-1}}</ref> *2007: Honorary Doctorate, [[Université libre de Bruxelles]], Belgium<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ulb.be/en/about-ulb/ulbs-honorary-doctorates|title=ULB's honorary doctorates|website=ulb.be|publisher=Université libre de Bruxelles}}</ref> *2010: Honorary Doctorate, [[National Autonomous University of Mexico]], Mexico<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.barrons.com/news/author-physician-nawal-el-saadawi-egypt-s-critic-of-taboos-01616337305?tesla=y|title=Author, Physician Nawal El-Saadawi, Egypt's Critic Of Taboos|website=barrons.com|first=Farid|last= Farid|publisher=Barron's|date=21 March 2021}}</ref> *2011: [[Stig Dagerman Prize]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://blog.svd.se/kultur/2012/01/09/motvillig-el-saadawi-far-dagermanpriset/ |title=Motvillig El Saadawi får Dagermanpriset |work=[[SvD]] |language=sv |date=9 January 2012 |access-date=27 October 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aftonbladet.se/kultur/article14833794.ab |title=Lydnad är ett dödligt gift |work=Kultur |language=sv |date=15 May 2012 |access-date=27 October 2012}}</ref> *2012: [[Seán MacBride Peace Prize]]<ref name="auto2"/> *2015: [[BBC's 100 Women]]<ref name="bbc">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-34745739|title=BBC 100 Women 2015: Who is on the list?|date=17 November 2015|work=BBC News|access-date=3 August 2019|language=en-GB}}</ref> *2020: ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]''{{'}}s 100 Women of the Year (1981)<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://time.com/5793662/nawal-el-saadawi-100-women-of-the-year/ |title=1981: Nawal El Saadawi |magazine=Time |date=5 March 2020 }}</ref> ==Ọrụ ndị ahọpụtara== Saadawi dere ihe nke ọma, wee tinye ụfọdụ n'ime ọrụ ya n'ịntanetị.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Amireh |first=Amal |date=2000 |title=Framing Nawal El Saadawi: Arab Feminism in a Transnational World |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3175385 |journal=Signs |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=215–249 |doi=10.1086/495572 |jstor=3175385 |s2cid=143010343 |issn=0097-9740|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Saiti |first1=Ramzi |last2=Salti |first2=Ramzi M. |date=1994 |title=Paradise, Heaven, and Other Oppressive Spaces: A Critical Examination of the Life and Works of Nawal el-Saadawi |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4183334 |journal=Journal of Arabic Literature |volume=25 |issue=2 |pages=152–174 |doi=10.1163/157006494X00059 |jstor=4183334 |issn=0085-2376|url-access=subscription }}</ref> '''Akwụkwọ akụkọ na akwụkwọ akụkọ''' * ''Mudhakkirat tabiba'' (Cairo, 1958). ''Memoirs of a Woman Doctor'', trans. [[Catherine Cobham]] (Saqi Books, 1988) * ''Al ghayib'' (Cairo, 1965). ''Searching'', trans. Shirley Eber (Zed Books, 1991) * ''Imra'tani fi-Imra'a'' (Cairo, 1968). ''Two Women in One'', trans. [[Osman Nusairi]] and Jana Gough (Saqi Books, 1985) * ''Maut ar-raǧul al-waḥīd ʿala ‚l-arḍ'' (1974). ''[[God Dies by the Nile]]'', trans. [[Sherif Hetata]] (Zed Books, 1985) * ''Al-khait wa'ayn al-hayat'' (Cairo, 1976). ''The Well of Life and the Thread: Two Short Novels'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Lime Tree, 1993) * ''Ughniyat al-atfal al da iriyah'' (Beirut: Dar al-Adab, 1977). ''The Circling Song'', trans. Marilyn Booth (Zed Books, 1989) * ''Emra'a enda noktat el sifr'' (Beirut: Dar al-Adab, 1977). ''[[Woman at Point Zero]]'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Zed Books, 1983) * ''Mawt Ma'ali al-Wazir Sabiqan'' (1980). ''Death of an Ex-Minister'', trans. Shirley Eber (Methuen, 1987) * ''Suqūṭ al-imām'' (Cairo, 1987). ''[[The Fall of the Imam]]'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Methuen, 1988) * ''Jann āt wa-Iblīs'' (Beirut, 1992). ''The Innocence of the Devil'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Methuen, 1994) * ''Ḥubb fī zaman al-naf̣t'' (Cairo, 1993). ''Love in the Kingdom of Oil'', trans. [[Basil Hatim]] and Malcolm Williams (Saqi Books, 2001) * ''Al-Riwayah'' (Cairo: Dar El Hilal, 2004). ''The Novel'', trans. [[Omnia Amin]] and [[Rick London]] (Interlink Books, 2009) * ''Zeina'' (Beirut: Dar Al Saqi, 2009). ''Zeina'', trans. [[Amira Nowaira]] (Saqi Books, 2011) '''Nchịkọta akụkọ dị mkpirikpi''' * ''Ta'allamt al-hubb'' (Cairo, 1957). ''I Learned Love'' * ''Lahzat sidq'' (Cairo, 1959). ''Moment of Truth'' * ''Little Tenderness'' (Cairo, 1960) * ''al-Khayt wa-l-jidar'' (1972). ''The Thread and the Wall'' * ''Ain El Hayat'' (Beirut, 1976) * ''Kānat hiya al-aḍʻaf'' ["She Was the Weaker"] (1979). ''She Has No Place in Paradise'', trans. Shirley Eber (Methuen, 1987). Includes three additional stories: "She Has No Place in Paradise", "Two Women Friends", and "'Beautiful'". * ''Adab Am Kellet Abad'' (Cairo, 2000) '''Egwuregwu''' * ''Ithna 'ashar imra'a fi zinzana wahida'' (Cairo, 1984). ''Twelve Women in a Cell'' * ''Isis'' (Cairo, 1985) * ''God Resigns in the Summit Meeting'' (1996), published by Madbouli, and four other plays included in her ''Collected Works'' (45 books in Arabic), Cairo: Madbouli, 2007 * ''Twelve Women in a Cell: Plays by Mediterranean Women'' (Aurora Metro Books, 1994) '''Ihe ncheta''' * ''Mudhakkirat fi Sijn al-Nisa'' (Cairo, 1983). ''Memoirs from the Women's Prison'', trans. Marilyn Booth ([[The Women's Press]], 1986) * ''Rihlati hawla al-'alam'' (Cairo, 1986). ''My Travels Around the World'', trans. Shirley Eber (Methuen, 1991) * ''Memoirs of a Child Called Soad'' (Cairo, 1990) * ''Awraqi hayati'', first volume (Cairo, 1995). ''A Daughter of Isis'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Zed Books, 1999) * ''Awraqi hayati'', second volume (Cairo, 1998). ''Walking Through Fire'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Zed Books, 2002) * ''My Life, Part III'' (Cairo, 2001) '''Akụkọ na-abụghị akụkọ ifo''' * ''Women and Sex'' (Cairo, 1969) * ''Woman Is the Origin'' (Cairo, 1971) * ''Men and Sex'' (Cairo, 1973) * ''The Naked Face of Arab Women'' (Cairo, 1974) * ''Women and Neurosis'' (Cairo, 1975) * ''Al-Wajh al-'ari lil-mar'a al-'arabiyy'' (1977). ''The Hidden Face of Eve: Women in the Arab World'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Zed Press, 1980) * ''On Women'' (Cairo, 1986) * ''A New Battle in Arab Women Liberation'' (Cairo, 1992) * ''Collection of Essays'' (Cairo, 1998) * ''Collection of Essays'' (Cairo, 2001) * ''Breaking Down Barriers'' (Cairo, 2004) '''Compilations in English''' * ''Plays by Mediterranean Women'' (Aurora Metro Books, 1994, {{ISBN|978-0-9515877-3-7}}) * ''North/South: The Nawal El Saadawi Reader'' (Zed Books, 1997) * ''Off Limits: New Writings on Fear and Sin'' (Gingko Library, 2019, {{ISBN|978-88-87847-16-1}}) == Hụkwa ==   *   *   *   * Thesis/dissertation.  <templatestyles src="Module:Side box/styles.css"></templatestyles> * Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Nawal El Saadawi na archive.org * Adele Newson-Horst, "[https://www.worldliteraturetoday.org/blog/literary-tributes/remembering-nawal-el-saadawi-adele-newson-horst "Ịcheta Nawal El Saadawi"]", World Literature Today, 24 March 2021. * [[Ernest Emenyonu]], "NAWAL EL SAADAWI: Ndụ na edemede (Ọktoba 27, 1931 - Machị 21, 2021) ", Boydell na Brewer, 13 Mee 2021. [[Otú:Articles with hCards]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] fbedv6suqcxd6nufrd5jgubrc04hhvn 736869 736868 2026-10-08T13:53:44Z Adimora chidinma 15845 /* Okpukperechi */ 736869 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}   '''Nawal El Saadawi''' ({{langx|ar|نوال السعداوي}}, {{ALA-LC|arz|Nawāl as-Saʿdāwī}};27 Ọktoba 1931 – 21 Maachị 2021) bụ onye edemede feminist nke Ijipt, activist, disciatist, na psychiatrist. O dere ọtụtụ akwụkwọ gbasara ụmụ nwanyị na Islam, na-elekwasị anya n'okwu ndị metụtara ụmụ nwanyị na Global South, gụnyere sexuality, patriarchy social class, na colonialism.<ref name=":3" /> Ọ bụ onye hiwere ma bụrụkwa onyeisi oche nke otu Arab Women's Solidarity Association.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2 March 2015|title=Nawal El Saadawi|url=https://orgs.law.harvard.edu/womeninspiringchange/2015-honorees/nawal-el-saadawi/|access-date=9 October 2020|website=Women Inspiring Change|language=en-US|archive-date=18 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201218120145/https://orgs.law.harvard.edu/womeninspiringchange/2015-honorees/nawal-el-saadawi/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>Hitchcock, Peter; El Saadawi, Nawal; Hatata, Sherif. "Living the Struggle". ''Transition'' 61 (1993): 170–179.</ref> Ọ bụkwa onye hiwere Arab Association for Human Rights.<ref>Nawal El Saadawi, "Presentation by Nawal El Saadawi: President's Forum, M/MLA Annual Convention, November 4, 1999", ''The Journal of the Midwest Modern Language Association'' 33.3–34.1 (Autumn 2000 – Winter 2001): 34–39.</ref> O nwetara akara ugo mmụta nsọpụrụ site na mahadum dị na kọntinent atọ. Na 2004, Kọnsụl nke Yuropu nyere ya North–South Prize. Na 2005, o nwetara ihe nrite mba ụwa Inana na Belgium.<ref name="auto1">[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jue04c1_wkY "PEN World Voices Arthur Miller Freedom to Write Lecture by Nawal El Saadawi"], YouTube. 8 September 2009.</ref> Na 2012, International Peace Bureau nyere ya onyinye Seán MacBride Peace Prize.<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web|title=International Peace Bureau|url=http://www.ipb.org/web/index.php?mostra=news&menu=home&id_nom=IPB+to+award+2012+Sean+MacBride+Peace+Prize+to+Nawal+El-Sadaawi+and+Lina+Ben+Mhenni|website=www.ipb.org|access-date=25 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925221701/http://www.ipb.org/web/index.php?mostra=news&menu=home&id_nom=IPB+to+award+2012+Sean+MacBride+Peace+Prize+to+Nawal+El-Sadaawi+and+Lina+Ben+Mhenni|archive-date=25 September 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ndụ mbido == A mụrụ Saadawi, onye nke abụọ n'ime ụmụ itoolu, na 27 Ọktoba 1931 n'obodo nta dị na Kafr Tahla, [[Egypt]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/mar/22/nawal-el-saadawi-obituary|title=Nawal El Saadawi obituary|date=22 March 2021|first=Sarah A|last= Smith|website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Elkhatib |first1=Sameh |title=Egyptian feminist and author el-Saadawi dies at 89 |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/egyptian-feminist-author-el-saadawi-dies-89-2021-03-22/ |website=Reuters |access-date=24 March 2026}}</ref> E mere Saadawi ebe ụmụ nwanyị bi n'ime akụkụ ahụ ha <ref name=Khaleeli /> at the age of six,<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last1=Sa'dawi|first1=Nawal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I9vqMossOjoC|title=A Daughter of Isis: The Autobiography of Nawal El Saadawi|last2=Saadawi|first2=Nawal El|last3=Saʻdāwī|first3=Nawāl|last4=Saʿdāwī|first4=Nawāl as-|date=1999|publisher=[[Zed Books]]|isbn=978-1-85649-680-3|pages=63–87|language=en}}</ref> ọ bụ ezie na nna ya kwenyere na ụmụ agbọghọ na ụmụ nwoke kwesịrị ịgụ akwụkwọ. O kwuru na nne na nna ya bụ ndị nwere nnwere onwe mgbe ha na-etolite.<ref name=":1"/> Nna ya Upper Egypt bụ onye ọrụ gọọmentị na [[w:Ministry of Education (Egypt)|Ministry of Education]], onye lụsoro ọgụ megide British rebel Egypt n'oge Egypt Revolution of 1919. N'ihi ya, a chụpụrụ ya n'obodo nta dị na Naịl, gọọmentị ekweghịkwa ịkwalite ya ruo afọ 10. Ọ bụ onye na-aga n'ihu ma kụziere nwa ya nwanyị ịkwanyere onwe ya ùgwù na ikwu okwu n'uche ya. Ọ gbakwara ya ume ka ọ mụọ asụsụ Arabik. Agbanyeghị, mgbe El Saadawi dị afọ 10, ezinụlọ ya gbalịrị ime ka ọ lụọ di, mana nne ya kwadoro ya n'ịjụ.<ref name=taylor>{{Cite news |title=Nawal El Saadawi: Feminist firebrand who dared to write dangerously (obituary) |last=Taylor-Coleman |first=Jasmine |website=BBC News |date=21 March 2021 |url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-55048245}}</ref> Both her parents died at a young age,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Nawal El Saadawi|url=http://faculty.webster.edu/woolflm/saadawi.html|access-date=25 September 2015|website=faculty.webster.edu|archive-date=2 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170602080913/http://faculty.webster.edu/woolflm/saadawi.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>{{Unreliable source?|date=September 2021|sure=y|reason=This is an unpublished undergraduate student assignment paper}} na-ahapụ Saadawi naanị ibu ọrụ nke ilekọta ezinụlọ buru ibu.<ref name="bornexile">{{Cite web |url=http://www.nawalsaadawi.net/oldsite/articlesnawal/bornexile.htm |title=Exile and Resistance |first=Nawal |last=El Saadaw|website=Nawal El Saadawi/Sherif Hetata |date=November 2002|access-date=23 June 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091027223127/http://www.nawalsaadawi.net/oldsite/articlesnawal/bornexile.htm |archive-date=27 October 2009 |url-status=usurped }}</ref> Nne ya, Zaynab, sitere n'agbụrụ bara ọgaranya [[w:Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]];<ref>{{cite news|last=Cowell|first=Alan |author-link=Alan Cowell |year=2021|title=Nawal El Saadawi, Advocate for Women in the Arab World, Dies at 89 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/21/obituaries/nawal-el-saadawi-dead.html|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|quote=Nawal El Saadawi was born on Oct. 27, 1931, in the village of Kafr Tahla, a settlement in the lower Nile Delta, the second of nine children. Her mother, Zaynab (Shoukry) El Saadawi, was partially descended from a wealthy Ottoman family. Her father, Al-Sayed El Saadawi, was an official in the government’s education ministry. }}</ref> Saadawi kọwara nna nna ya nke nne ya, Shoukry,<ref>{{cite book|first=Nawal|last= El Saadawi|year=2013|title=A Daughter of Isis: The Early Life of Nawal El Saadawi|publisher=Zed Books|isbn=978-1848136403}}</ref> na nne nne ya dị ka onye Ottoman si malite.<ref name="CaliforniaUni">{{citation|first=Nawal|last= El Saadawi|year=1986|title=Memoirs from the Women's Prison|publisher=University of California Press|page=64|quote= "My eyes widened in astonishment. Even my maternal grandmother used to sing, although she was born to a Turkish mother and lived in my grandfather's house in the epoch when harems still existed." |isbn=0520088883}}</ref> Ọbụna mgbe ọ bụ nwata, ọ katọrọ obodo ndị nwoke bi na ya, ebe ụmụ nwoke ji ha kpọrọ ihe karịa ụmụ nwanyị, na-emeghachi omume n'iwe nye nne nne ya, onye kwuru na "nwoke bara uru ụmụ nwanyị iri na ise ma ọ dịkarịa ala... Ụmụ agbọghọ bụ nsogbu".<ref name=taylor/> O ji nganga kọwaa onwe ya dị ka nwanyị Ijipt agba ọchịchịrị kemgbe ọ dị obere.<ref>{{Citation|url=https://zora.medium.com/my-childhood-in-egypt-not-knowing-i-was-in-africa-27580b07a93b|title=My Childhood in Egypt, Not Knowing I Was in Africa|first=Nawal|last=El Saadawi|website=zora.medium.com|date=13 June 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=New Daughters of Africa|chapter=About Me in Africa—Politics and Religion in my Childhood|editor-first=Margaret|first=El Saadawi|last=Nawal|editor-last=Busby|publisher=[[Myriad Editions]]|edition=paperback|pages=42–44|date=2020}}</ref> == Career == Saadawi graduated as a medical doctor in 1955 from [[Cairo University]]. That year, she married Ahmed Helmi, whom she met as a fellow student in medical school. They have a daughter, Mona Helmi.<ref name=Khaleeli/> The marriage ended after two years.<ref name=JoISR>{{cite journal|first=Yusuf|last=Koseli|title=A PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH TO THE NOVEL OF NAWAL EL SAADAWI TITLED MÜZEKKİRAT TABİBE|journal=The Journal of International Social Research|date=2013|volume=6|issue=28|url=http://www.sosyalarastirmalar.com/cilt6/cilt6sayi28_pdf/koseli_yusuf.pdf|access-date=15 April 2020}}</ref><ref name=Khaleeli>{{Cite web|title = Nawal El Saadawi: Egypt's radical feminist|url = https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2010/apr/15/nawal-el-saadawi-egyptian-feminist|website =The Guardian|date= 15 April 2010|access-date =15 April 2020|first = Homa|last = Khaleeli}}</ref> Through her medical practice, she observed women's physical and psychological problems and connected them with oppressive cultural practices, patriarchal oppression, class oppression and imperialist oppression.<ref name="women">[http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/1999/462/women.htm Feminism in a nationalist century] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100419040800/http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/1999/462/women.htm |date=19 April 2010 }}</ref> Her second husband was a colleague, Rashad Bey.<ref name=JoISR/><ref>{{cite thesis|url=https://www.academia.edu/23224495|title=Voice of Oppressed from the Margins: A Critical Reading on Nawal El Saadawi's "Woman at Point Zero"|last=Puthiyakath|first=Hashim H.|publisher=[[Central University of Tamil Nadu]]|access-date=15 April 2020}}</ref> While working as a doctor in her birthplace of Kafr Tahla, she observed the hardships and inequalities faced by rural women. After attempting to protect one of her patients from [[domestic violence]], Saadawi was summoned back to Cairo. She eventually became the Director of the Ministry of [[public health|Public Health]] and met her third husband, [[Sherif Hatata]], while sharing an office in the Ministry of Health. Hatata, also a medical doctor and writer, had been a [[political prisoner]] for 13 years. They married in 1964 and have a son.<ref name="bornexile"/><ref name=Khaleeli/> Saadawi and Hatata lived together for 43 years<ref name=Cooke>{{cite web|last1=Cooke|first1=Rachel|title=Nawal El Saadawi: 'Do you feel you are liberated? I feel I am not'|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/oct/11/nawal-el-saadawi-interview-do-you-feel-you-are-liberated-not|work=[[The Observer]]|date=11 October 2015|access-date=15 April 2020}}</ref> and divorced in 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/18/62/99644/Books/Review/ElSaadawi-and-Hatata-Voyage-of-a-lifetime.aspx|title=El-Saadawi and Hatata: Voyage of a lifetime|date=24 April 2014|publisher=Ahram Online|first=Mahmoud |last=El-Wardani|access-date=15 April 2020}}</ref> [[File:Shirin Ershadi, Shirin Ebadi and Nawal el-Saadawi (2413951897).jpg|thumb|[[Shirin Ershadi]], [[Shirin Ebadi]] and Nawal el-Saadawi]] Saadawi attended [[Columbia University]], earning a master's degree in public health in 1966.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Smith|first=Harrison|date=23 March 2021|title=Nawal El Saadawi, Egyptian author, physician and feminist activist, dies at 89|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/nawal-el-saadawi-dead/2021/03/23/43c7c250-8b19-11eb-a730-1b4ed9656258_story.html|access-date=16 June 2021}}</ref> In 1972, she published ''Woman and Sex'' ({{lang|ar|المرأة والجنس}}), confronting and contextualising various aggressions perpetrated against women's bodies, including female circumcision. The book became a foundational text of [[second-wave feminism]]. As a consequence of the book and her political activities, Saadawi was dismissed from her position at the Ministry of Health.<ref name="women" /> She also lost her positions as chief editor of a health journal, and as Assistant General Secretary in the Medical Association in Egypt. From 1973 to 1976, Saadawi worked on researching women and [[neurosis]] in [[Ain Shams University]]'s Faculty of Medicine. From 1979 to 1980, she was the [[United Nations]] Advisor for the Women's Programme in Africa (ECA) and the Middle East (ECWA).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://scholarblogs.emory.edu/postcolonialstudies/2014/06/11/saadawi-nawal-el-2/|title=Saadawi, Nawal el – Postcolonial Studies|website=scholarblogs.emory.edu|language=en-US|access-date=31 July 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r9SPVEG3cv0C&q=Nawal+Saadawi+united+nations+advisor+1979&pg=PR1|title=The Nawal El Saadawi Reader|last=Saʻdāwī|first=Nawāl|date=15 December 1997|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=9781856495141|language=en}}</ref> === Ikpe ụlọ ikpe megide ya === Na 2002, Nabih el-Wahsh mere mgbalị iwu n'ụlọ ikpe Ijipt ịgba el-Saadawi alụkwaghịm n'aka di ya n'ụzọ iwu kwadoro n'ihi [[w:hisbah|hesba]], ụkpụrụ nke narị afọ nke 9 nke shariah law, nke na-ekwe ka a mara ndị Alakụba a na-ahụ na ha na-emebi Islam ikpe. Ihe akaebe e ji megide ya bụ ajụjụ ọnụ nke Machị ebe el-Wahsh kwuru na ọ gbahapụrụ Islam. Mgbalị iwu ahụ agaghị nke ọma.<ref name=Khaleeli /><ref>{{Cite web |date=18 June 2001 |title=Cairo writer threatened with divorce |url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2001/jun/18/internationaleducationnews.highereducation |access-date=22 December 2022 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref> N'afọ 2008, e mere otu ihe ahụ iji napụ el-Saadawi mba Ijipt ya n'ihi echiche na ihe odide ya siri ike, mgbalị a agaghịkwa enwe isi.<ref name=Khaleeli /> === Mkpọrọ === Kemgbe gọọmentị Ijipt lere ya anya dị ka ihe na-ese okwu ma dị ize ndụ, Saadawi nyere aka bipụta akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị otu nwanyị na 1981 nke akpọrọ ''Confrontation.'' President of Egypt Anwar Sadat tụrụ ya mkpọrọ na Septemba.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Uglow|first1=Jennifer S.|author2=Maggy Hendry|title=The Northeastern Dictionary of Women's Biography|url=https://archive.org/details/northeasterndict0000uglo|url-access=registration|year=1999|publisher=Northeastern University Press|isbn= 9781555534219|pages=[https://archive.org/details/northeasterndict0000uglo/page/189 189]–190}}</ref> Saadawi kwuru otu oge n'ajụjụ ọnụ a gbara ya: "E jidere m n'ihi na ekwere m Sadat. O kwuru na e nwere ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na anyị nwere usoro ọtụtụ pati, ị nwekwara ike ịkatọ ya. Ya mere, amalitere m ịkatọ iwu ya, m wee banye n'ụlọ mkpọrọ." Sadat kwuru na ọchịchị e guzobere bụ ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya maka ndị mmadụ, nakwa na ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya dị njikere maka nkatọ bara uru. Dịka Saadawi si kwuo, Sadat tụrụ ya mkpọrọ n'ihi nkatọ ya maka ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya. Ọbụna n'ụlọ mkpọrọ, ọ ka chọtara ụzọ isi lụso mmegbu ụmụ nwanyị ọgụ. Mgbe ọ nọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ, o guzobere otu Arab Women's Solidarity Association. Nke a bụ otu mbụ iwu kwadoro na nke nwere onwe ya na Egypt. N'ụlọ mkpọrọ, a jụrụ ya pen na akwụkwọ, agbanyeghị, nke ahụ egbochighị ya ịnọgide na-ede ihe. O jiri "pensụl nku anya ojii siri ike" na "obere akwụkwọ mposi ochie na nke gbawara agbawa" dekọọ echiche ya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Interview with Nawal el aasawi|url=http://www.nyu.edu/classes/keefer/twenty/nawal.html|last=Network|first=Vile News|date=2015|access-date=26 April 2020}}</ref> A tọhapụrụ ya n'afọ ahụ, otu ọnwa ka e gbusịrị Onyeisiala. Banyere ahụmịhe ya, o dere, sị: "Ihe ize ndụ abụrụla akụkụ nke ndụ m kemgbe m were mkpịsị akwụkwọ wee dee ihe. Ọ dịghị ihe dị ize ndụ karịa eziokwu n'ụwa nke dị ụgha."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/2001/06/03/stories/13030786.htm |title=Egypt's face of courage |work=The Hindu|first=Kalpana|last=Sharma|date=3 June 2001|access-date=25 September 2013 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041030002518/http://www.hinduonnet.com/2001/06/03/stories/13030786.htm |archive-date=30 October 2004 }}</ref> Na afọ 1982, o hiwere otu Arab Women's Solidarity Association.<ref>Hussey, Sierra, [https://www.sahistory.org.za/archive/biography-nawal-el-saadawi-sierra-hussey "Biography of Nawal El Saadawi"], South African History Online.</ref> Ọ kọwara otu ya dị ka "onye akụkọ ihe mere eme, onye na-akwado ọchịchị ọha, na onye na-akwado ikike ụmụ nwanyị".<ref>{{cite magazine |url= https://www.aljadid.com/node/2254|title= Nawal El-Saadawi's 'Daughter of Isis' Life and Times via the Plenitude of Her Writings |first=D.H. |last=Melhem|website=Al Jadid Magazine|volume= 5|number= 29|date=Autumn 1999|access-date=22 March 2021}}</ref> Saadawi bụ otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị e jidere n'ụlọ mkpọrọ ụmụ nwanyị Qanatir. Mkpọrọ ya bụ ntọala maka afọ 1983 ya. ''Memoirs from the Women's Prison'' ({{langx|ar|مذكرات في سجن النساء }}). Mkparịta ụka ya na onye mkpọrọ nọ na Qanatir, afọ itoolu tupu a tụọ ya mkpọrọ ebe ahụ, bụ ihe mkpali maka ọrụ mbụ ya, akwụkwọ akụkọ akpọrọ aha ya bụ ''Woman at Point Zero'' ({{langx|ar|امرأة عند نقطة الصفر}}, 1975).<ref name="Krajeski, The New Yorker">{{Cite magazine|url=http://www.newyorker.com/books/page-turner/the-books-of-nawal-el-saadawi|title=The Books of Nawal El Saadawi|magazine=[[The New Yorker]]|first=Jenna|last=Krajeski|date=7 March 2011|access-date=31 July 2017}}</ref> === Mkpagbu ndị ọzọ, nkuzi na US, na ngagharị iwe ndị ọzọ mechara mee === Na 1993, mgbe ndị Alakụba na mkpagbu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị yiri ndụ ya egwu, a manyere Saadawi ịgbapụ n'Ijipt. Ọ nabatara onyinye ịkụzi ihe na Ngalaba Asụsụ Eshia na Afrịka nke Mahadum Duke dị na [[North Carolina]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Former Visiting Professor in Court, Under Fire in Egypt|url=https://today.duke.edu/2001/06/el-saadawi629.html|date=29 June 2001|website=Duke Today|publisher=Duke University|access-date=1 April 2021|language=en}}</ref><ref name=BMJ>Dr Dora Carpenter-Latiri, [http://blogs.bmj.com/medical-humanities/2015/11/11/the-reading-room-a-review-of-memoirs-of-a-woman-doctor/ "The Reading Room: A review of ‘Memoirs of a woman doctor{{'"}}], ''BMJ'' Blog, 11 November 2015.</ref> nakwa na Mahadum Washington. O mechara nọrọ n'ọtụtụ kọleji na mahadum ndị a ma ama dịka Mahadum Cairo, Harvard, Yale, [[w:Mahadum Columbia|Columbia]], [[w:Mahadum Paris|Sorbonne]], [[w:Mahadum Georgetown|Georgetown]], Mahadum Steeti Florida, na Mahadum California, Berkeley. Na 1996, ọ laghachiri Ijipt.<ref name="BMJ"/><ref>{{cite web|last=Ling|first= Jessica |url=http://www.warscapes.com/blog/today-history-happy-85th-birthday-nawal-el-saadawi |title=Today in History: Happy 85th Birthday, Nawal El Saadawi!|website=Warscapes|date=27 October 2016}}</ref> Saadawi gara n'ihu na-akwado ya ma chee echiche ịzọ ọkwa na 2005 ntuli aka onyeisiala Ijipt, tupu ọ pụọ n'ihi ihe siri ike achọrọ maka ndị ga-azọ ọkwa nke mbụ.<ref>[https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2005/7/16/egypt-presidential-aspirant-pulls-out "Egypt presidential aspirant pulls out"], AlJazeera, 16 July 2005. Retrieved 21 July 2021.</ref> O so n'ime ndị ngagharị iwe na Tahrir Square na 2011.<ref>{{cite web|first=Elizabeth |last=Rubin|url=http://www.newsweek.com/2011/03/06/the-feminists-in-the-middle-of-tahrir-square.html |title=The Feminists in the Middle of Tahrir Square|work=[[Newsweek]]|date= 6 March 2011}}</ref> O kwuru ka a kwụsị nkuzi okpukperechi n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị Ijipt.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nawal El Saadawi – Illustrated Women in History |url=https://illustratedwomeninhistory.com/nawal-el-saadawi-is-an-egyptian-feminist-writer/ |date=28 October 2015|access-date=15 May 2022 |language=en-US}}</ref> Saadawi was awarded the 2004 North–South Prize by the Council of Europe.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/nscentre/winners_nsp_EN.asp|title=North-South Centre homepage|website=North-South Centre|language=en-GB|access-date=18 March 2018}}</ref> Na Julaị 2016, ọ bụ onyeisi emume akwụkwọ Royal African Society nke akpọrọ "Africa Writes" na London, ebe o kwuru okwu gbasara "On Being a Woman Writer" na mkparịta ụka ya na [[Margaret Busby]].<ref>{{cite web|first=Kelechi |last=Iwumene|url=http://africawrites.org/blog/africa-writes-2016-the-round-up/ |title=Africa Writes 2016: The Round-Up|publisher=Royal African Society|date= July 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://africawrites.org/uncategorized/on-being-a-woman-writer-nawal-el-saadawi-in-conversation-2/ |title=On Being A Woman Writer: Nawal El Saadawi in conversation|website= Africa Writes|publisher=Royal African Society|date= 2 July 2016}}</ref> [[File:Nawal El Saadawi, April 2012 (cropped).jpg|thumb|April 2012]] Na Göteborg Book Fair nke mere na Septemba 27 ruo 30, 2018, Saadawi gara seminar gbasara mmepe na Ijipt na Middle East mgbe Arab Spring gasịrị.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gp.se/kultur/kultur/nawal-el-sadaawi-till-bokm%C3%A4ssan-1.7940393|title=Nawal El Sadaawi till Bokmässan|work=Göteborgs-Posten|language=sv|date=29 August 2018|access-date=10 October 2018}}</ref> ma n'oge okwu ya na mmemme ahụ kwuru na ike ụwa niile "ndị ọchịchị aka ike, ndị isi obodo, ndị ọchịchị alaeze ukwu, ndị na-akpa ókè agbụrụ", nke United States na-edu, jikọrọ aka na gọọmentị Ijipt iji kwụsị mgbanwe Ijipt nke afọ 2011. O kwukwara na ya chetara ịhụ Odeakwụkwọ nke Mba U.S. n'oge ahụ [[Hillary Clinton]] na Tahrir Square ka ọ na-enye ndị ntorobịa akwụkwọ dollar iji gbaa ha ume ka ha votu maka Ụmụnna Ndị Alakụba na ntuli aka na-abịa.,<ref>[https://www.memri.org/tv/egyptian-activist-nawal-saadawi-saw-hillary-clinton-dollars-tahrir-square "Onye na-akwado ikike ụmụnwaanyị Ijipt bụ Nawal El Saadawi: Ahụrụ m Hillary Clinton ka ọ na-enye ego mba Amerịka na Tahrir Square ka ndị mmadụ wee tụọ vootu maka ụmụnna ndị Alakụba"], [[Memri TV]], 30 Septemba 2018</ref> ọ bụ ezie na enweghị ihe akaebe na ihe a a na-ekwu mere. Nawal El Saadawi nwere ọkwa dịka onye dere akwụkwọ maka Kansụl Kasị Elu maka Nkà na Sayensị Mmekọrịta, Cairo; Onyeisi Isi nke Ngalaba Mmụta Ahụike, Ministry of Health, Cairo, Odeakwụkwọ Ukwu nke Medical Association, Cairo, Egypt, na dọkịta na Ụlọ Ọgwụ Mahadum na [[w:Ministry of Health and Population (Egypt)|Ministry of Health]]. Ọ bụ onye hiwere otu agụmakwụkwọ ahụike na otu ndị edemede ụmụ nwanyị Ijipt; ọ bụkwa onyeisi nchịkọta akụkọ nke "Health Magazine" na Cairo, nakwa onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke "Medical Association Magazine".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ipb.org/nawal-el-sadaawi-in-memory/|title=Nawal El Sadaawi – In Memory|first=Ingeborg |last=Breines|author-link=Ingeborg Breines|website=ipb.org|publisher=IPB – International Peace Bureau|access-date=19 February 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gold.ac.uk/news/nawal-el-saadawi-tribute/|title=Tribute to doctor, writer and activist Nawal El Saadawi|website=gold.ac.uk|publisher=[[Goldsmiths University of London]]|date=26 March 2021|access-date=19 February 2024}}</ref> == Ide ihe == [[File:Nawal El Saadawi 02.JPG|thumb|right|Saadawi at the Göteborg Book Fair na 2010]] Saadawi malitere ide ihe na mbido ọrụ ya. Ihe odide mbụ ya gụnyere ọtụtụ akụkọ dị mkpirikpi nke akpọrọ ''Amụtara m Ịhụnanya'' (1957) na akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya, ''Memoirs of a Woman Doctor'' (1958). O mechara dee ọtụtụ akwụkwọ akụkọ na obere akụkọ na akwụkwọ ncheta onwe ya, ''Memoir from the Women's Prison'' (1986). E bipụtala Saadawi n'ọtụtụ akwụkwọ akụkọ, a sụgharịkwara ọrụ ya site na Arabic mbụ gaa na ihe karịrị asụsụ 30.<ref>Van Allen, Judith Imel, [https://books.google.com/books?id=fy11AwAAQBAJ&dq=saadawi+translated+into+more+than+30+languages&pg=PT1369 "Saadawi, Nawal El (1931–)"], in Gary L. Anderson and Kathryn G. Herr (eds), ''Encyclopedia of Activism and Social Justice'', Sage Publications, 2007, pp. 1249–1250.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=El Saadawi, Nawal (1932–) {{!}} Encyclopedia.com |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/international/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/el-saadawi-nawal-1932 |access-date=15 May 2022 |website=www.encyclopedia.com}}</ref> Na 1972, o bipụtara akwụkwọ mbụ ya nke anaghị akụkọ ifo, ''Women and Sex'',<ref name="women" /> which evoked the antagonism of highly placed political and theological authorities.<ref name="Krajeski, The New Yorker" /> O mekwara ka a chụọ ya n'ọrụ na Ministri Ahụike.<ref name="women" /> Ọrụ ndị ọzọ gụnyere ''The Hidden Face of Eve'',<ref>{{cite book |title=The hidden face of Eve : women in the Arab world |oclc=924716956 }}</ref> ''God Dies by the Nile'',<ref>{{cite book |title=God dies by the Nile |oclc=12583064 }}</ref> ''The Circling Song'',<ref>{{cite book |title=The circling song |oclc=18587928 }}</ref> ''Searching'',<ref>{{cite book |title=Searching |oclc=24707056 }}</ref> ''The Fall of the Imam'' (a kọwara ya dị ka "mkpughe dị ike ma na-akpali akpali nke ihe egwu ndị ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụaka nwere ike ikpughe site na nkwenkwe okpukpe"),<ref>{{cite journal |first=Philip |last=Womack |author-link=Philip Womack |url=http://newhumanist.org.uk/2119/the-fall-of-the-imam-by-nawal-el-saadawi |title=The Fall of the Imam by Nawal El Saadawi (review) |journal=[[New Humanist]] |date=20 August 2009}}</ref> and ''Woman at Point Zero''.<!--{{Citation needed|date=March 2021}}--><ref>{{cite book|title=Woman at point zero |oclc=10887569 }}</ref> Ọtụtụ mmadụ akatọọla ọrụ ya bụ 'The Hidden Face of Eve' maka nkwupụta na ọ na-ede maka "onye mba ọzọ na-akatọ onye mba ọzọ".<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=Amireh |first=Amal |date=2000 |title=Framing Nawal El Saadawi: Arab Feminism in a Transnational World |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/495572 |journal=Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=215–249 |doi=10.1086/495572 |s2cid=143010343 |issn=0097-9740|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Aha mbụ nke akwụkwọ ahụ, nke a sụgharịrị ozugbo na Bekee bụ "Ihu Gbara Ọtọ nke Nwanyị Arab" ewepụrụkwa ọtụtụ isiakwụkwọ na mbipụta Bekee nke akwụkwọ ahụ, ma e jiri ya tụnyere nke mbụ nke Arabic ahụ.<ref name=":3" /> O tinyere aka na ihe nkiri "Mgbe nwanyị nupụrụ isi" na akwụkwọ akụkọ nke afọ 1984 ''Sisterhood Is Global'', nke edeziri site na onye deziri ya Robin Morgan,<ref name="global">{{cite web |url=https://catalog.vsc.edu/lscfind/Record/154795/TOC#tabnav |title=Sisterhood Is Global: Table of Contents |publisher=Catalog.vsc.edu |access-date=15 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208065459/https://catalog.vsc.edu/lscfind/Record/154795/TOC#tabnav |archive-date=8 December 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ma bụrụ onye tinyere aka na nchịkọta akụkọ nke afọ 2019 ''New Daughters of Africa'', edited by [[Margaret Busby]], nke gụnyere edemede ya "Banyere M n'Africa—Ndọrọ Ndọrọ Ọchịchị na Okpope n'oge Nwatakịrị M".<ref>[[Imani Perry|Perry, Imani]] (29 March 2019), [https://www.ft.com/content/2a4e64a8-508a-11e9-8f44-fe4a86c48b33 "New Daughters of Africa — a new anthology of a groundbreaking book"], ''[[Financial Times]]''.</ref><ref>Rocker-Clinton, Johnna (August 2019), [https://sanfranciscobookreview.com/product/new-daughters-of-africa-an-international-anthology-of-writing-by-women-of-african-descent/ "Margaret Busby does it again!"] (review of ''New Daughters of Africa: An International Anthology of Writing by Women of African Descent''), ''San Francisco Book Review''.</ref> E bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ Saadawi nke akpọrọ 'Zeina' na Lebanọn n'afọ 2009. E bipụtara nsụgharị French ahụ n'okpuru aha njirimara Nawal Zeinab el Sayed, site na iji aha nne ya mbụ.<ref>{{cite news|title=Radical writer back with vengeance|url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/world/africa/radical-writer-back-with-vengeance-1.486421/|work= The National|access-date=17 November 2014|date=7 September 2009}}</ref> Saadawi na-asụ asụsụ [[asụsụ Bekee|Bekee]] nke ọma, tinyere obodo ya.Egyptian Arabic.<ref>{{cite web|first=Hans Ulrich |last=Obrist|url=http://www.e-flux.com/journal/42/60256/in-conversation-with-nawal-el-saadawi/ |title=In Conversation with Nawal El Saadawi|website=e-flux Journal|number=42|date= February 2013}}</ref> Dịka o si dee ya n'asụsụ Arabic, ọ hụrụ ajụjụ nke ịtụgharị asụsụ Bekee ma ọ bụ French dị ka "nnukwu nsogbu" nke jikọtara ya na eziokwu ahụ bụ na <blockquote>"ike ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya bụ nke Bekee ma ọ bụ French na-asụkarị.... Ndị nwere nnukwu akwụkwọ n'ụwa ka na-eleghara m anya, n'ihi na m na-ede ihe n'asụsụ Arabic, nakwa n'ihi na m na-akatọ echiche ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya, nke onye na-achị obodo, nke onye na-akpa ókè agbụrụ, na nke ndị nna ochie nke ndị ọchịchị ukwu."<ref>{{cite web|first=Dele Meiji |last=Fatunla|url=http://newafricanmagazine.com/nawal-el-saadawi-identity-not-fixed/ |title=Nawal El Saadawi: 'My identity is not fixed'|magazine=[[New African]]|date= 30 June 2016}}</ref></blockquote> Akwụkwọ ya ''Mufakirat Tifla fi Al-Khamisa wa Al-Thamaneen''(Akwụkwọ Ndetu nke Nwa agbọghọ dị afọ 85), nke dabere na ihe e dere n'akwụkwọ akụkọ ya, ka e bipụtara n'afọ 2017.<ref>{{cite web|first=Mahmoud |last=El-Wardani|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/18/62/273741/Books/Review/At-,-Nawal-ElSaadawi-writes-about-Nawal-ElSaadawi.aspx |title=At 85, Nawal El-Saadawi writes about Nawal El-Saadawi|website=Ahram Online|date= 5 August 2017}}</ref> == Echiche == ===Mmegide megide mmebi akụkụ ahụ nwoke na nwanyị=== Mgbe ọ dị obere, Saadawi mere usoro nke ebe ụmụ nwanyị na-ebipụ akụkụ ahụ ha.<ref>el-Saadawi, Nawal, ''The Hidden Face of Eve'', Part 1: The Mutilated Half.</ref> Mgbe ọ bụ okenye, o dere gbasara omume a ma katọọ ya. O zara ọnwụ nke otu nwa agbọghọ dị afọ iri na abụọ, Bedour Shaker, n'oge a na-eme ịwa ahụ maka ibi úgwù n'ime akụkụ ahụ mmadụ na 2007 site n'ide ihe: "Bedour, ị̀ nwụrụ anwụ ka ìhè wee nwuo n'uche ndị gbara ọchịchịrị? Ị ga-eji ndụ gị dị oké ọnụ ahịa kwụọ ụgwọ ... ka ndị dọkịta na ndị ụkọchukwu mụta na okpukpe ziri ezi anaghị ebipụ akụkụ ahụ ụmụaka?"<ref>Michael, Maggie, [http://www.physorg.com/news102393179.html "Egypt Officials Ban Female Circumcision"<!-- Bot generated title -->], Phys.org, 30 June 2007. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070702171148/http://www.physorg.com/news102393179.html |date=2 July 2007 }}.</ref> Dịka dọkịta na onye na-akwado ikike mmadụ, Saadawi megidere ibi ụmụ nwoke úgwù. O kwenyere na ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị kwesịrị ka e chebe ha pụọ ​​na mmebi akụkụ ahụ ha.<ref name="theglobaldispatches">{{cite web|url=http://www.theglobaldispatches.com/articles/nawal-al-saadawi|first=Allston|last=Mitchell|title=Nawal al Saadawi|work=The Global Dispatches|date=16 May 2010|access-date=12 February 2014|archive-date=7 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170707223358/http://www.theglobaldispatches.com/articles/nawal-al-saadawi|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Ọchịchị mmadụ na Feminism === Saadawi kọwara onwe ya dị ka "onye na-akwado ụmụnwaanyị na soshal midia", na-ekwere na a pụghị imeri ọgụ ụmụnwaanyị n'okpuru ọchịchị kapitalizim.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Fawzy |first=Mary |date=7 May 2021 |title=The socialist feminism of Nawal El Saadawi |url=https://www.newframe.com/the-socialist-feminism-of-nawal-el-saadawi/ |access-date=22 December 2022 |website=New Frame}}</ref> Nkwenye a nke ndị otu ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya apụtala site n'ikpe na-ezighị ezi ọ hụrụ ná ndụ ya.<ref name=":4" /> N'akwụkwọ ya bụ 'The Zoro Ezo nke Eve', o dere gbasara otu a na-agaghị esi kewapụ ndụ mmekọahụ na nke mmetụta uche nke ndị mmadụ na ndụ akụnụba ha na mmepụta ha, ya mere iwu ọnọdụ onwe onye na mba Arab ga-abụrịrị ihe kacha mkpa nye ndị socialist.<ref>{{Citation |chapter=Introduction |date=2015 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350251076.0006 |title=The Hidden Face of Eve |publisher=Zed Books |doi=10.5040/9781350251076.0006 |isbn=978-0-90576-251-7 |access-date=22 December 2022|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name=":4" /> N'ajụjụ ọnụ a gbara ya na 2018, o kwuru na ya abụghị onye Marxist, ebe ọ gụchara akwụkwọ ya nke ọ chọpụtara na ọ na-enwe nsogbu na ya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nawal El Saadawi on feminism, fiction and the illusion of democracy |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=djMfFU7DIB8 |language=en |publisher=[[Channel 4 News]]|via=YouTube|date=13 June 2018|access-date=22 December 2022}}</ref> ===Okpukperechi=== N'ajụjụ ọnụ ya nke afọ 2014, Saadawi kwuru na "isi ihe kpatara mmegbu ụmụ nwanyị dị n'usoro ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya zuru ụwa ọnụ, nke okpukperechi kwadoro".<ref>{{Cite web|title = They don't want any really courageous people!|url = http://en.qantara.de/content/interview-with-nawal-el-saadawi-they-dont-want-any-really-courageous-people|website = Qantara.de - Dialogue with the Islamic World|access-date =5 November 2015|last = Fariborz|first = Arian|date =5 July 2014}}</ref> Mgbe ọtụtụ narị mmadụ nwụrụ n'ihe a kpọr "stampede" n'oge njem njem 2015 (Hajj) nke ndị Alakụba gaa Mecca, Saudi Arabia, o kwuru, sị: <blockquote>"Ha na-ekwu maka ịgbanwe ụzọ e si achịkwa Hajj, gbasara ime ka ndị mmadụ na-eme njem n'obere ìgwè. Ihe ha na-ekwughị bụ na ihe a mere n'ihi na ndị a na-alụ ọgụ ịtụ ekwensu nkume. Gịnị mere ha ji kwesị ịtụ ekwensu nkume? Gịnị mere ha ji kwesị isusu nkume ojii ahụ ọnụ? Mana ọ dịghị onye ga-ekwu nke a. Ndị mgbasa ozi agaghị ebipụta ya. Gịnị ka ọ bụ, enweghị mmasị ịkatọ okpukpe? ... Ọjụjụ a ịkatọ okpukpe ... abụghị liberalism. Nke a bụ mmachibido iwu."<ref name=Cooke /></blockquote> O kwuru na ihe ndị dị na Hajj, dịka isusu Okute Ojii ọnụ, nwere mgbọrọgwụ ndị ọgọ mmụọ tupu okpukpe Islam.<ref>Fiona Lloyd-Davies, [https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/correspondent/1619902.stm "No compromise"], ''Correspondent'', BBC News, 26 October 2001.</ref> Saadawi was involved in the academic exploration of Arab identity throughout her writing career.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Hanadi|first1=Al-Samman|title=Diasporic Na(rra)tions: Arab Women Rewriting Exile|date=2000|publisher=[[Indiana University]]|page=25}}</ref> Saadawi kọwara mkpuchi ihu nke ndị Alakụba dị ka "ngwaọrụ mmegbu ụmụ nwanyị".<ref name="theglobaldispatches" /> ===Ebumnuche nke ụmụ nwanyị=== Ọ katọrọkwa ihe megidere ihe ndị e ji mara ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ nwanyị n'usoro mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya nke a na-ahụkarị na Yuropu na US,<ref>{{cite book|last1=El Saadawi|first1=Nawal|title=The Nawal El Saadawi Reader|publisher=Zed Books|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r9SPVEG3cv0C|date=1997|isbn=9781856495141|access-date=8 April 2015}}</ref> na-akpasu ndị otu nwanyị ibe ha iwe site n'ikwu okwu megide etemeete na uwe ndị na-ekpughe ihe.<ref name=taylor/> ===United States=== N'okwu nkuzi nke afọ 2002 na [[Mahadum California na Berkeley's Center for Middle Eastern Studies]], Saadawi kọwara agha nke US duziri megide Afghanistan dị ka "agha iji mee ihe n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi na mmanụ dị na mpaghara ahụ", na amụma mba ofesi nke US na nkwado ya nye Israel dị ka "ezigbo iyi ọha egwu.".<ref>{{cite web|last1=Pasquini|first1=Elaine|title=El Saadawi Calls U.S. Foreign Policy 'Real Terrorism'|url=https://www.questia.com/magazine/1P3-110120822/el-saadawi-calls-u-s-foreign-policy-real-terrorism|via=|work=Washington Report on Middle East Affairs|date=March 2002|access-date=|archive-date=9 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160409040731/https://www.questia.com/magazine/1P3-110120822/el-saadawi-calls-u-s-foreign-policy-real-terrorism|url-status=dead}}</ref> Saadawi held the opinion that Egyptians are forced into poverty by US aid.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Nielsen|first1=Nikolaj|title=Nawal El Saadawi: 'I am against stability. We need revolution'|url=http://chronikler.com/middle-east/egypt/nawal-el-saadawi-interview/|access-date=19 November 2014|work=The Chronikler|date=11 July 2013}}</ref> ==Fim== Saadawi bụ isiokwu nke ihe nkiri "She Speaked the Unspeakable", nke [[Jill Nicholls]] duziri, nke a na-agbasa na February 2017 na usoro ihe nkiri telivishọn [[BBC One]] ''[[Imagine (usoro ihe nkiri TV)|Imagine]]''.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b08g7hr8 "She Spoke the Unspeakable"], BBC One, ''Imagine'', Winter 2017. [http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x5cu7f1 Via] [[Dailymotion]].</ref> ==Ọnwụ== Saadawi nwụrụ n'abalị iri abụọ na otu nke ọnwa Maachị afọ 2021, mgbe ọ dị afọ iri asatọ na itoolu, n'ụlọọgwụ dị na Cairo.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://english.ahram.org.eg/News/407474.aspx|title=Renowned Egyptian feminist, author Nawal El-Saadawi dies at the age of 89|website=[[Ahram Online]]|first=Mohammed |last=Saad |date=21 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://egyptianstreets.com/2021/03/21/pioneering-egyptian-feminist-nawal-el-saadawi-dies-aged-89/|title=Pioneering Egyptian Feminist Nawal El Saadawi Dies Aged 89|website=[[Egyptian Streets]]|date=21 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/1829281/offbeat |title=Arab author, women's rights icon Nawal El-Saadawi dies in Cairo |website=Arab News |date=21 March 2021 }}</ref> Her life was commemorated on [[BBC Radio 4]]'s obituary programme ''[[Last Word]]''.<ref>{{cite episode| title= Nawal El Saadawi (pictured), Brigadier Jack Thomas, President John Magufuli, Ion Mihai Pacepa| series= [[Last Word]]| credits= Producer: Neil George; Interviewed guests: [[Mona Eltahawy]], Sally Nabil| station= BBC Radio 4| airdate= 26 March 2021| url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/m000tg67 | access-date= 28 March 2021 }}</ref> ==Ihe nrite na nsọpụrụ ahọpụtara== *2004: [[North–South Prize site na [[Council of Europe]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.coe.int/en/web/north-south-centre/previous-laureates-of-the-north-south-prize|title=Previous laureates of the North-South Prize|publisher=Council of Europe|website=coe.int}}</ref> *2005: Inana International Prize, Belgium<ref name="auto1"/> *2007: Honorary Doctorate, [[Vrije Universiteit Brussel]], Belgium<ref>{{cite book|chapter-url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-1-137-58730-5_4|publisher=Nawal El Saadawi|doi=10.1007/978-1-137-58730-5_4|title=Diary of a Child Called Souad|year=2016|last1=El Saadawi|first1=Nawal|chapter=Nawal el Saadawi and a History of Oppression: Brief Biographical Facts |pages=153–158|isbn=978-1-137-58936-1}}</ref> *2007: Honorary Doctorate, [[Université libre de Bruxelles]], Belgium<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ulb.be/en/about-ulb/ulbs-honorary-doctorates|title=ULB's honorary doctorates|website=ulb.be|publisher=Université libre de Bruxelles}}</ref> *2010: Honorary Doctorate, [[National Autonomous University of Mexico]], Mexico<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.barrons.com/news/author-physician-nawal-el-saadawi-egypt-s-critic-of-taboos-01616337305?tesla=y|title=Author, Physician Nawal El-Saadawi, Egypt's Critic Of Taboos|website=barrons.com|first=Farid|last= Farid|publisher=Barron's|date=21 March 2021}}</ref> *2011: [[Stig Dagerman Prize]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://blog.svd.se/kultur/2012/01/09/motvillig-el-saadawi-far-dagermanpriset/ |title=Motvillig El Saadawi får Dagermanpriset |work=[[SvD]] |language=sv |date=9 January 2012 |access-date=27 October 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aftonbladet.se/kultur/article14833794.ab |title=Lydnad är ett dödligt gift |work=Kultur |language=sv |date=15 May 2012 |access-date=27 October 2012}}</ref> *2012: [[Seán MacBride Peace Prize]]<ref name="auto2"/> *2015: [[BBC's 100 Women]]<ref name="bbc">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-34745739|title=BBC 100 Women 2015: Who is on the list?|date=17 November 2015|work=BBC News|access-date=3 August 2019|language=en-GB}}</ref> *2020: ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]''{{'}}s 100 Women of the Year (1981)<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://time.com/5793662/nawal-el-saadawi-100-women-of-the-year/ |title=1981: Nawal El Saadawi |magazine=Time |date=5 March 2020 }}</ref> ==Ọrụ ndị ahọpụtara== Saadawi dere ihe nke ọma, wee tinye ụfọdụ n'ime ọrụ ya n'ịntanetị.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Amireh |first=Amal |date=2000 |title=Framing Nawal El Saadawi: Arab Feminism in a Transnational World |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3175385 |journal=Signs |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=215–249 |doi=10.1086/495572 |jstor=3175385 |s2cid=143010343 |issn=0097-9740|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Saiti |first1=Ramzi |last2=Salti |first2=Ramzi M. |date=1994 |title=Paradise, Heaven, and Other Oppressive Spaces: A Critical Examination of the Life and Works of Nawal el-Saadawi |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4183334 |journal=Journal of Arabic Literature |volume=25 |issue=2 |pages=152–174 |doi=10.1163/157006494X00059 |jstor=4183334 |issn=0085-2376|url-access=subscription }}</ref> '''Akwụkwọ akụkọ na akwụkwọ akụkọ''' * ''Mudhakkirat tabiba'' (Cairo, 1958). ''Memoirs of a Woman Doctor'', trans. [[Catherine Cobham]] (Saqi Books, 1988) * ''Al ghayib'' (Cairo, 1965). ''Searching'', trans. Shirley Eber (Zed Books, 1991) * ''Imra'tani fi-Imra'a'' (Cairo, 1968). ''Two Women in One'', trans. [[Osman Nusairi]] and Jana Gough (Saqi Books, 1985) * ''Maut ar-raǧul al-waḥīd ʿala ‚l-arḍ'' (1974). ''[[God Dies by the Nile]]'', trans. [[Sherif Hetata]] (Zed Books, 1985) * ''Al-khait wa'ayn al-hayat'' (Cairo, 1976). ''The Well of Life and the Thread: Two Short Novels'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Lime Tree, 1993) * ''Ughniyat al-atfal al da iriyah'' (Beirut: Dar al-Adab, 1977). ''The Circling Song'', trans. Marilyn Booth (Zed Books, 1989) * ''Emra'a enda noktat el sifr'' (Beirut: Dar al-Adab, 1977). ''[[Woman at Point Zero]]'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Zed Books, 1983) * ''Mawt Ma'ali al-Wazir Sabiqan'' (1980). ''Death of an Ex-Minister'', trans. Shirley Eber (Methuen, 1987) * ''Suqūṭ al-imām'' (Cairo, 1987). ''[[The Fall of the Imam]]'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Methuen, 1988) * ''Jann āt wa-Iblīs'' (Beirut, 1992). ''The Innocence of the Devil'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Methuen, 1994) * ''Ḥubb fī zaman al-naf̣t'' (Cairo, 1993). ''Love in the Kingdom of Oil'', trans. [[Basil Hatim]] and Malcolm Williams (Saqi Books, 2001) * ''Al-Riwayah'' (Cairo: Dar El Hilal, 2004). ''The Novel'', trans. [[Omnia Amin]] and [[Rick London]] (Interlink Books, 2009) * ''Zeina'' (Beirut: Dar Al Saqi, 2009). ''Zeina'', trans. [[Amira Nowaira]] (Saqi Books, 2011) '''Nchịkọta akụkọ dị mkpirikpi''' * ''Ta'allamt al-hubb'' (Cairo, 1957). ''I Learned Love'' * ''Lahzat sidq'' (Cairo, 1959). ''Moment of Truth'' * ''Little Tenderness'' (Cairo, 1960) * ''al-Khayt wa-l-jidar'' (1972). ''The Thread and the Wall'' * ''Ain El Hayat'' (Beirut, 1976) * ''Kānat hiya al-aḍʻaf'' ["She Was the Weaker"] (1979). ''She Has No Place in Paradise'', trans. Shirley Eber (Methuen, 1987). Includes three additional stories: "She Has No Place in Paradise", "Two Women Friends", and "'Beautiful'". * ''Adab Am Kellet Abad'' (Cairo, 2000) '''Egwuregwu''' * ''Ithna 'ashar imra'a fi zinzana wahida'' (Cairo, 1984). ''Twelve Women in a Cell'' * ''Isis'' (Cairo, 1985) * ''God Resigns in the Summit Meeting'' (1996), published by Madbouli, and four other plays included in her ''Collected Works'' (45 books in Arabic), Cairo: Madbouli, 2007 * ''Twelve Women in a Cell: Plays by Mediterranean Women'' (Aurora Metro Books, 1994) '''Ihe ncheta''' * ''Mudhakkirat fi Sijn al-Nisa'' (Cairo, 1983). ''Memoirs from the Women's Prison'', trans. Marilyn Booth ([[The Women's Press]], 1986) * ''Rihlati hawla al-'alam'' (Cairo, 1986). ''My Travels Around the World'', trans. Shirley Eber (Methuen, 1991) * ''Memoirs of a Child Called Soad'' (Cairo, 1990) * ''Awraqi hayati'', first volume (Cairo, 1995). ''A Daughter of Isis'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Zed Books, 1999) * ''Awraqi hayati'', second volume (Cairo, 1998). ''Walking Through Fire'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Zed Books, 2002) * ''My Life, Part III'' (Cairo, 2001) '''Akụkọ na-abụghị akụkọ ifo''' * ''Women and Sex'' (Cairo, 1969) * ''Woman Is the Origin'' (Cairo, 1971) * ''Men and Sex'' (Cairo, 1973) * ''The Naked Face of Arab Women'' (Cairo, 1974) * ''Women and Neurosis'' (Cairo, 1975) * ''Al-Wajh al-'ari lil-mar'a al-'arabiyy'' (1977). ''The Hidden Face of Eve: Women in the Arab World'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Zed Press, 1980) * ''On Women'' (Cairo, 1986) * ''A New Battle in Arab Women Liberation'' (Cairo, 1992) * ''Collection of Essays'' (Cairo, 1998) * ''Collection of Essays'' (Cairo, 2001) * ''Breaking Down Barriers'' (Cairo, 2004) '''Compilations in English''' * ''Plays by Mediterranean Women'' (Aurora Metro Books, 1994, {{ISBN|978-0-9515877-3-7}}) * ''North/South: The Nawal El Saadawi Reader'' (Zed Books, 1997) * ''Off Limits: New Writings on Fear and Sin'' (Gingko Library, 2019, {{ISBN|978-88-87847-16-1}}) == Hụkwa ==   *   *   *   * Thesis/dissertation.  <templatestyles src="Module:Side box/styles.css"></templatestyles> * Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Nawal El Saadawi na archive.org * Adele Newson-Horst, "[https://www.worldliteraturetoday.org/blog/literary-tributes/remembering-nawal-el-saadawi-adele-newson-horst "Ịcheta Nawal El Saadawi"]", World Literature Today, 24 March 2021. * [[Ernest Emenyonu]], "NAWAL EL SAADAWI: Ndụ na edemede (Ọktoba 27, 1931 - Machị 21, 2021) ", Boydell na Brewer, 13 Mee 2021. [[Otú:Articles with hCards]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] jjzo6pvefzm4j75p7bmqw20xhm4r2ut 736884 736869 2026-10-08T20:12:31Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 736884 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}   '''Nawal El Saadawi''' ({{langx|ar|نوال السعداوي}}, {{ALA-LC|arz|Nawāl as-Saʿdāwī}};27 Ọktoba 1931 – 21 Maachị 2021) bụ onye edemede feminist nke Ijipt, activist, disciatist, na psychiatrist. O dere ọtụtụ akwụkwọ gbasara ụmụ nwanyị na Islam, na-elekwasị anya n'okwu ndị metụtara ụmụ nwanyị na Global South, gụnyere sexuality, patriarchy social class, na colonialism.<ref name=":3" /> Ọ bụ onye hiwere ma bụrụkwa onyeisi oche nke otu Arab Women's Solidarity Association.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2 March 2015|title=Nawal El Saadawi|url=https://orgs.law.harvard.edu/womeninspiringchange/2015-honorees/nawal-el-saadawi/|access-date=9 October 2020|website=Women Inspiring Change|language=en-US|archive-date=18 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201218120145/https://orgs.law.harvard.edu/womeninspiringchange/2015-honorees/nawal-el-saadawi/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>Hitchcock, Peter; El Saadawi, Nawal; Hatata, Sherif. "Living the Struggle". ''Transition'' 61 (1993): 170–179.</ref> Ọ bụkwa onye hiwere Arab Association for Human Rights.<ref>Nawal El Saadawi, "Presentation by Nawal El Saadawi: President's Forum, M/MLA Annual Convention, November 4, 1999", ''The Journal of the Midwest Modern Language Association'' 33.3–34.1 (Autumn 2000 – Winter 2001): 34–39.</ref> O nwetara akara ugo mmụta nsọpụrụ site na mahadum dị na kọntinent atọ. Na 2004, Kọnsụl nke Yuropu nyere ya North–South Prize. Na 2005, o nwetara ihe nrite mba ụwa Inana na Belgium.<ref name="auto1">[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jue04c1_wkY "PEN World Voices Arthur Miller Freedom to Write Lecture by Nawal El Saadawi"], YouTube. 8 September 2009.</ref> Na 2012, International Peace Bureau nyere ya onyinye Seán MacBride Peace Prize.<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web|title=International Peace Bureau|url=http://www.ipb.org/web/index.php?mostra=news&menu=home&id_nom=IPB+to+award+2012+Sean+MacBride+Peace+Prize+to+Nawal+El-Sadaawi+and+Lina+Ben+Mhenni|website=www.ipb.org|access-date=25 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925221701/http://www.ipb.org/web/index.php?mostra=news&menu=home&id_nom=IPB+to+award+2012+Sean+MacBride+Peace+Prize+to+Nawal+El-Sadaawi+and+Lina+Ben+Mhenni|archive-date=25 September 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ndụ mbido == A mụrụ Saadawi, onye nke abụọ n'ime ụmụ itoolu, na 27 Ọktoba 1931 n'obodo nta dị na Kafr Tahla, [[Egypt]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/mar/22/nawal-el-saadawi-obituary|title=Nawal El Saadawi obituary|date=22 March 2021|first=Sarah A|last= Smith|website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Elkhatib |first1=Sameh |title=Egyptian feminist and author el-Saadawi dies at 89 |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/egyptian-feminist-author-el-saadawi-dies-89-2021-03-22/ |website=Reuters |access-date=24 March 2026}}</ref> E mere Saadawi ebe ụmụ nwanyị bi n'ime akụkụ ahụ ha <ref name=Khaleeli /> at the age of six,<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last1=Sa'dawi|first1=Nawal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I9vqMossOjoC|title=A Daughter of Isis: The Autobiography of Nawal El Saadawi|last2=Saadawi|first2=Nawal El|last3=Saʻdāwī|first3=Nawāl|last4=Saʿdāwī|first4=Nawāl as-|date=1999|publisher=[[Zed Books]]|isbn=978-1-85649-680-3|pages=63–87|language=en}}</ref> ọ bụ ezie na nna ya kwenyere na ụmụ agbọghọ na ụmụ nwoke kwesịrị ịgụ akwụkwọ. O kwuru na nne na nna ya bụ ndị nwere nnwere onwe mgbe ha na-etolite.<ref name=":1"/> Nna ya Upper Egypt bụ onye ọrụ gọọmentị na [[w:Ministry of Education (Egypt)|Ministry of Education]], onye lụsoro ọgụ megide British rebel Egypt n'oge Egypt Revolution of 1919. N'ihi ya, a chụpụrụ ya n'obodo nta dị na Naịl, gọọmentị ekweghịkwa ịkwalite ya ruo afọ 10. Ọ bụ onye na-aga n'ihu ma kụziere nwa ya nwanyị ịkwanyere onwe ya ùgwù na ikwu okwu n'uche ya. Ọ gbakwara ya ume ka ọ mụọ asụsụ Arabik. Agbanyeghị, mgbe El Saadawi dị afọ 10, ezinụlọ ya gbalịrị ime ka ọ lụọ di, mana nne ya kwadoro ya n'ịjụ.<ref name=taylor>{{Cite news |title=Nawal El Saadawi: Feminist firebrand who dared to write dangerously (obituary) |last=Taylor-Coleman |first=Jasmine |website=BBC News |date=21 March 2021 |url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-55048245}}</ref> Both her parents died at a young age,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Nawal El Saadawi|url=http://faculty.webster.edu/woolflm/saadawi.html|access-date=25 September 2015|website=faculty.webster.edu|archive-date=2 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170602080913/http://faculty.webster.edu/woolflm/saadawi.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>{{Unreliable source?|date=September 2021|sure=y|reason=This is an unpublished undergraduate student assignment paper}} na-ahapụ Saadawi naanị ibu ọrụ nke ilekọta ezinụlọ buru ibu.<ref name="bornexile">{{Cite web |url=http://www.nawalsaadawi.net/oldsite/articlesnawal/bornexile.htm |title=Exile and Resistance |first=Nawal |last=El Saadaw|website=Nawal El Saadawi/Sherif Hetata |date=November 2002|access-date=23 June 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091027223127/http://www.nawalsaadawi.net/oldsite/articlesnawal/bornexile.htm |archive-date=27 October 2009 |url-status=usurped }}</ref> Nne ya, Zaynab, sitere n'agbụrụ bara ọgaranya [[w:Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]];<ref>{{cite news|last=Cowell|first=Alan |author-link=Alan Cowell |year=2021|title=Nawal El Saadawi, Advocate for Women in the Arab World, Dies at 89 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/21/obituaries/nawal-el-saadawi-dead.html|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|quote=Nawal El Saadawi was born on Oct. 27, 1931, in the village of Kafr Tahla, a settlement in the lower Nile Delta, the second of nine children. Her mother, Zaynab (Shoukry) El Saadawi, was partially descended from a wealthy Ottoman family. Her father, Al-Sayed El Saadawi, was an official in the government’s education ministry. }}</ref> Saadawi kọwara nna nna ya nke nne ya, Shoukry,<ref>{{cite book|first=Nawal|last= El Saadawi|year=2013|title=A Daughter of Isis: The Early Life of Nawal El Saadawi|publisher=Zed Books|isbn=978-1848136403}}</ref> na nne nne ya dị ka onye Ottoman si malite.<ref name="CaliforniaUni">{{citation|first=Nawal|last= El Saadawi|year=1986|title=Memoirs from the Women's Prison|publisher=University of California Press|page=64|quote= "My eyes widened in astonishment. Even my maternal grandmother used to sing, although she was born to a Turkish mother and lived in my grandfather's house in the epoch when harems still existed." |isbn=0520088883}}</ref> Ọbụna mgbe ọ bụ nwata, ọ katọrọ obodo ndị nwoke bi na ya, ebe ụmụ nwoke ji ha kpọrọ ihe karịa ụmụ nwanyị, na-emeghachi omume n'iwe nye nne nne ya, onye kwuru na "nwoke bara uru ụmụ nwanyị iri na ise ma ọ dịkarịa ala... Ụmụ agbọghọ bụ nsogbu".<ref name=taylor/> O ji nganga kọwaa onwe ya dị ka nwanyị Ijipt agba ọchịchịrị kemgbe ọ dị obere.<ref>{{Citation|url=https://zora.medium.com/my-childhood-in-egypt-not-knowing-i-was-in-africa-27580b07a93b|title=My Childhood in Egypt, Not Knowing I Was in Africa|first=Nawal|last=El Saadawi|website=zora.medium.com|date=13 June 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=New Daughters of Africa|chapter=About Me in Africa—Politics and Religion in my Childhood|editor-first=Margaret|first=El Saadawi|last=Nawal|editor-last=Busby|publisher=[[Myriad Editions]]|edition=paperback|pages=42–44|date=2020}}</ref> == Career == Saadawi graduated as a medical doctor in 1955 from [[Cairo University]]. That year, she married Ahmed Helmi, whom she met as a fellow student in medical school. They have a daughter, Mona Helmi.<ref name=Khaleeli/> The marriage ended after two years.<ref name=JoISR>{{cite journal|first=Yusuf|last=Koseli|title=A PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH TO THE NOVEL OF NAWAL EL SAADAWI TITLED MÜZEKKİRAT TABİBE|journal=The Journal of International Social Research|date=2013|volume=6|issue=28|url=http://www.sosyalarastirmalar.com/cilt6/cilt6sayi28_pdf/koseli_yusuf.pdf|access-date=15 April 2020}}</ref><ref name=Khaleeli>{{Cite web|title = Nawal El Saadawi: Egypt's radical feminist|url = https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2010/apr/15/nawal-el-saadawi-egyptian-feminist|website =The Guardian|date= 15 April 2010|access-date =15 April 2020|first = Homa|last = Khaleeli}}</ref> Through her medical practice, she observed women's physical and psychological problems and connected them with oppressive cultural practices, patriarchal oppression, class oppression and imperialist oppression.<ref name="women">[http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/1999/462/women.htm Feminism in a nationalist century] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100419040800/http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/1999/462/women.htm |date=19 April 2010 }}</ref> Her second husband was a colleague, Rashad Bey.<ref name=JoISR/><ref>{{cite thesis|url=https://www.academia.edu/23224495|title=Voice of Oppressed from the Margins: A Critical Reading on Nawal El Saadawi's "Woman at Point Zero"|last=Puthiyakath|first=Hashim H.|publisher=[[Central University of Tamil Nadu]]|access-date=15 April 2020}}</ref> While working as a doctor in her birthplace of Kafr Tahla, she observed the hardships and inequalities faced by rural women. After attempting to protect one of her patients from [[domestic violence]], Saadawi was summoned back to Cairo. She eventually became the Director of the Ministry of [[public health|Public Health]] and met her third husband, [[Sherif Hatata]], while sharing an office in the Ministry of Health. Hatata, also a medical doctor and writer, had been a [[political prisoner]] for 13 years. They married in 1964 and have a son.<ref name="bornexile"/><ref name=Khaleeli/> Saadawi and Hatata lived together for 43 years<ref name=Cooke>{{cite web|last1=Cooke|first1=Rachel|title=Nawal El Saadawi: 'Do you feel you are liberated? I feel I am not'|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/oct/11/nawal-el-saadawi-interview-do-you-feel-you-are-liberated-not|work=[[The Observer]]|date=11 October 2015|access-date=15 April 2020}}</ref> and divorced in 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/18/62/99644/Books/Review/ElSaadawi-and-Hatata-Voyage-of-a-lifetime.aspx|title=El-Saadawi and Hatata: Voyage of a lifetime|date=24 April 2014|publisher=Ahram Online|first=Mahmoud |last=El-Wardani|access-date=15 April 2020}}</ref> [[File:Shirin Ershadi, Shirin Ebadi and Nawal el-Saadawi (2413951897).jpg|thumb|[[Shirin Ershadi]], [[Shirin Ebadi]] and Nawal el-Saadawi]] Saadawi attended [[Columbia University]], earning a master's degree in public health in 1966.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Smith|first=Harrison|date=23 March 2021|title=Nawal El Saadawi, Egyptian author, physician and feminist activist, dies at 89|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/nawal-el-saadawi-dead/2021/03/23/43c7c250-8b19-11eb-a730-1b4ed9656258_story.html|access-date=16 June 2021}}</ref> In 1972, she published ''Woman and Sex'' ({{lang|ar|المرأة والجنس}}), confronting and contextualising various aggressions perpetrated against women's bodies, including female circumcision. The book became a foundational text of [[second-wave feminism]]. As a consequence of the book and her political activities, Saadawi was dismissed from her position at the Ministry of Health.<ref name="women" /> She also lost her positions as chief editor of a health journal, and as Assistant General Secretary in the Medical Association in Egypt. From 1973 to 1976, Saadawi worked on researching women and [[neurosis]] in [[Ain Shams University]]'s Faculty of Medicine. From 1979 to 1980, she was the [[United Nations]] Advisor for the Women's Programme in Africa (ECA) and the Middle East (ECWA).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://scholarblogs.emory.edu/postcolonialstudies/2014/06/11/saadawi-nawal-el-2/|title=Saadawi, Nawal el – Postcolonial Studies|website=scholarblogs.emory.edu|language=en-US|access-date=31 July 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r9SPVEG3cv0C&q=Nawal+Saadawi+united+nations+advisor+1979&pg=PR1|title=The Nawal El Saadawi Reader|last=Saʻdāwī|first=Nawāl|date=15 December 1997|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=9781856495141|language=en}}</ref> === Ikpe ụlọ ikpe megide ya === Na 2002, Nabih el-Wahsh mere mgbalị iwu n'ụlọ ikpe Ijipt ịgba el-Saadawi alụkwaghịm n'aka di ya n'ụzọ iwu kwadoro n'ihi [[w:hisbah|hesba]], ụkpụrụ nke narị afọ nke 9 nke shariah law, nke na-ekwe ka a mara ndị Alakụba a na-ahụ na ha na-emebi Islam ikpe. Ihe akaebe e ji megide ya bụ ajụjụ ọnụ nke Machị ebe el-Wahsh kwuru na ọ gbahapụrụ Islam. Mgbalị iwu ahụ agaghị nke ọma.<ref name=Khaleeli /><ref>{{Cite web |date=18 June 2001 |title=Cairo writer threatened with divorce |url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2001/jun/18/internationaleducationnews.highereducation |access-date=22 December 2022 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref> N'afọ 2008, e mere otu ihe ahụ iji napụ el-Saadawi mba Ijipt ya n'ihi echiche na ihe odide ya siri ike, mgbalị a agaghịkwa enwe isi.<ref name=Khaleeli /> === Mkpọrọ === Kemgbe gọọmentị Ijipt lere ya anya dị ka ihe na-ese okwu ma dị ize ndụ, Saadawi nyere aka bipụta akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị otu nwanyị na 1981 nke akpọrọ ''Confrontation.'' President of Egypt Anwar Sadat tụrụ ya mkpọrọ na Septemba.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Uglow|first1=Jennifer S.|author2=Maggy Hendry|title=The Northeastern Dictionary of Women's Biography|url=https://archive.org/details/northeasterndict0000uglo|url-access=registration|year=1999|publisher=Northeastern University Press|isbn= 9781555534219|pages=[https://archive.org/details/northeasterndict0000uglo/page/189 189]–190}}</ref> Saadawi kwuru otu oge n'ajụjụ ọnụ a gbara ya: "E jidere m n'ihi na ekwere m Sadat. O kwuru na e nwere ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na anyị nwere usoro ọtụtụ pati, ị nwekwara ike ịkatọ ya. Ya mere, amalitere m ịkatọ iwu ya, m wee banye n'ụlọ mkpọrọ." Sadat kwuru na ọchịchị e guzobere bụ ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya maka ndị mmadụ, nakwa na ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya dị njikere maka nkatọ bara uru. Dịka Saadawi si kwuo, Sadat tụrụ ya mkpọrọ n'ihi nkatọ ya maka ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya. Ọbụna n'ụlọ mkpọrọ, ọ ka chọtara ụzọ isi lụso mmegbu ụmụ nwanyị ọgụ. Mgbe ọ nọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ, o guzobere otu Arab Women's Solidarity Association. Nke a bụ otu mbụ iwu kwadoro na nke nwere onwe ya na Egypt. N'ụlọ mkpọrọ, a jụrụ ya pen na akwụkwọ, agbanyeghị, nke ahụ egbochighị ya ịnọgide na-ede ihe. O jiri "pensụl nku anya ojii siri ike" na "obere akwụkwọ mposi ochie na nke gbawara agbawa" dekọọ echiche ya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Interview with Nawal el aasawi|url=http://www.nyu.edu/classes/keefer/twenty/nawal.html|last=Network|first=Vile News|date=2015|access-date=26 April 2020}}</ref> A tọhapụrụ ya n'afọ ahụ, otu ọnwa ka e gbusịrị Onyeisiala. Banyere ahụmịhe ya, o dere, sị: "Ihe ize ndụ abụrụla akụkụ nke ndụ m kemgbe m were mkpịsị akwụkwọ wee dee ihe. Ọ dịghị ihe dị ize ndụ karịa eziokwu n'ụwa nke dị ụgha."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/2001/06/03/stories/13030786.htm |title=Egypt's face of courage |work=The Hindu|first=Kalpana|last=Sharma|date=3 June 2001|access-date=25 September 2013 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041030002518/http://www.hinduonnet.com/2001/06/03/stories/13030786.htm |archive-date=30 October 2004 }}</ref> Na afọ 1982, o hiwere otu Arab Women's Solidarity Association.<ref>Hussey, Sierra, [https://www.sahistory.org.za/archive/biography-nawal-el-saadawi-sierra-hussey "Biography of Nawal El Saadawi"], South African History Online.</ref> Ọ kọwara otu ya dị ka "onye akụkọ ihe mere eme, onye na-akwado ọchịchị ọha, na onye na-akwado ikike ụmụ nwanyị".<ref>{{cite magazine |url= https://www.aljadid.com/node/2254|title= Nawal El-Saadawi's 'Daughter of Isis' Life and Times via the Plenitude of Her Writings |first=D.H. |last=Melhem|website=Al Jadid Magazine|volume= 5|number= 29|date=Autumn 1999|access-date=22 March 2021}}</ref> Saadawi bụ otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị e jidere n'ụlọ mkpọrọ ụmụ nwanyị Qanatir. Mkpọrọ ya bụ ntọala maka afọ 1983 ya. ''Memoirs from the Women's Prison'' ({{langx|ar|مذكرات في سجن النساء }}). Mkparịta ụka ya na onye mkpọrọ nọ na Qanatir, afọ itoolu tupu a tụọ ya mkpọrọ ebe ahụ, bụ ihe mkpali maka ọrụ mbụ ya, akwụkwọ akụkọ akpọrọ aha ya bụ ''Woman at Point Zero'' ({{langx|ar|امرأة عند نقطة الصفر}}, 1975).<ref name="Krajeski, The New Yorker">{{Cite magazine|url=http://www.newyorker.com/books/page-turner/the-books-of-nawal-el-saadawi|title=The Books of Nawal El Saadawi|magazine=[[The New Yorker]]|first=Jenna|last=Krajeski|date=7 March 2011|access-date=31 July 2017}}</ref> === Mkpagbu ndị ọzọ, nkuzi na US, na ngagharị iwe ndị ọzọ mechara mee === Na 1993, mgbe ndị Alakụba na mkpagbu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị yiri ndụ ya egwu, a manyere Saadawi ịgbapụ n'Ijipt. Ọ nabatara onyinye ịkụzi ihe na Ngalaba Asụsụ Eshia na Afrịka nke Mahadum Duke dị na [[North Carolina]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Former Visiting Professor in Court, Under Fire in Egypt|url=https://today.duke.edu/2001/06/el-saadawi629.html|date=29 June 2001|website=Duke Today|publisher=Duke University|access-date=1 April 2021|language=en}}</ref><ref name=BMJ>Dr Dora Carpenter-Latiri, [http://blogs.bmj.com/medical-humanities/2015/11/11/the-reading-room-a-review-of-memoirs-of-a-woman-doctor/ "The Reading Room: A review of ‘Memoirs of a woman doctor{{'"}}], ''BMJ'' Blog, 11 November 2015.</ref> nakwa na Mahadum Washington. O mechara nọrọ n'ọtụtụ kọleji na mahadum ndị a ma ama dịka Mahadum Cairo, Harvard, Yale, [[w:Mahadum Columbia|Columbia]], [[w:Mahadum Paris|Sorbonne]], [[w:Mahadum Georgetown|Georgetown]], Mahadum Steeti Florida, na Mahadum California, Berkeley. Na 1996, ọ laghachiri Ijipt.<ref name="BMJ"/><ref>{{cite web|last=Ling|first= Jessica |url=http://www.warscapes.com/blog/today-history-happy-85th-birthday-nawal-el-saadawi |title=Today in History: Happy 85th Birthday, Nawal El Saadawi!|website=Warscapes|date=27 October 2016}}</ref> Saadawi gara n'ihu na-akwado ya ma chee echiche ịzọ ọkwa na 2005 ntuli aka onyeisiala Ijipt, tupu ọ pụọ n'ihi ihe siri ike achọrọ maka ndị ga-azọ ọkwa nke mbụ.<ref>[https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2005/7/16/egypt-presidential-aspirant-pulls-out "Egypt presidential aspirant pulls out"], AlJazeera, 16 July 2005. Retrieved 21 July 2021.</ref> O so n'ime ndị ngagharị iwe na Tahrir Square na 2011.<ref>{{cite web|first=Elizabeth |last=Rubin|url=http://www.newsweek.com/2011/03/06/the-feminists-in-the-middle-of-tahrir-square.html |title=The Feminists in the Middle of Tahrir Square|work=[[Newsweek]]|date= 6 March 2011}}</ref> O kwuru ka a kwụsị nkuzi okpukperechi n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị Ijipt.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nawal El Saadawi – Illustrated Women in History |url=https://illustratedwomeninhistory.com/nawal-el-saadawi-is-an-egyptian-feminist-writer/ |date=28 October 2015|access-date=15 May 2022 |language=en-US}}</ref> Saadawi was awarded the 2004 North–South Prize by the Council of Europe.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/nscentre/winners_nsp_EN.asp|title=North-South Centre homepage|website=North-South Centre|language=en-GB|access-date=18 March 2018}}</ref> Na Julaị 2016, ọ bụ onyeisi emume akwụkwọ Royal African Society nke akpọrọ "Africa Writes" na London, ebe o kwuru okwu gbasara "On Being a Woman Writer" na mkparịta ụka ya na [[Margaret Busby]].<ref>{{cite web|first=Kelechi |last=Iwumene|url=http://africawrites.org/blog/africa-writes-2016-the-round-up/ |title=Africa Writes 2016: The Round-Up|publisher=Royal African Society|date= July 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://africawrites.org/uncategorized/on-being-a-woman-writer-nawal-el-saadawi-in-conversation-2/ |title=On Being A Woman Writer: Nawal El Saadawi in conversation|website= Africa Writes|publisher=Royal African Society|date= 2 July 2016}}</ref> [[File:Nawal El Saadawi, April 2012 (cropped).jpg|thumb|April 2012]] Na Göteborg Book Fair nke mere na Septemba 27 ruo 30, 2018, Saadawi gara seminar gbasara mmepe na Ijipt na Middle East mgbe Arab Spring gasịrị.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gp.se/kultur/kultur/nawal-el-sadaawi-till-bokm%C3%A4ssan-1.7940393|title=Nawal El Sadaawi till Bokmässan|work=Göteborgs-Posten|language=sv|date=29 August 2018|access-date=10 October 2018}}</ref> ma n'oge okwu ya na mmemme ahụ kwuru na ike ụwa niile "ndị ọchịchị aka ike, ndị isi obodo, ndị ọchịchị alaeze ukwu, ndị na-akpa ókè agbụrụ", nke United States na-edu, jikọrọ aka na gọọmentị Ijipt iji kwụsị mgbanwe Ijipt nke afọ 2011. O kwukwara na ya chetara ịhụ Odeakwụkwọ nke Mba U.S. n'oge ahụ [[Hillary Clinton]] na Tahrir Square ka ọ na-enye ndị ntorobịa akwụkwọ dollar iji gbaa ha ume ka ha votu maka Ụmụnna Ndị Alakụba na ntuli aka na-abịa.,<ref>[https://www.memri.org/tv/egyptian-activist-nawal-saadawi-saw-hillary-clinton-dollars-tahrir-square "Onye na-akwado ikike ụmụnwaanyị Ijipt bụ Nawal El Saadawi: Ahụrụ m Hillary Clinton ka ọ na-enye ego mba Amerịka na Tahrir Square ka ndị mmadụ wee tụọ vootu maka ụmụnna ndị Alakụba"], [[Memri TV]], 30 Septemba 2018</ref> ọ bụ ezie na enweghị ihe akaebe na ihe a a na-ekwu mere. Nawal El Saadawi nwere ọkwa dịka onye dere akwụkwọ maka Kansụl Kasị Elu maka Nkà na Sayensị Mmekọrịta, Cairo; Onyeisi Isi nke Ngalaba Mmụta Ahụike, Ministry of Health, Cairo, Odeakwụkwọ Ukwu nke Medical Association, Cairo, Egypt, na dọkịta na Ụlọ Ọgwụ Mahadum na [[w:Ministry of Health and Population (Egypt)|Ministry of Health]]. Ọ bụ onye hiwere otu agụmakwụkwọ ahụike na otu ndị edemede ụmụ nwanyị Ijipt; ọ bụkwa onyeisi nchịkọta akụkọ nke "Health Magazine" na Cairo, nakwa onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke "Medical Association Magazine".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ipb.org/nawal-el-sadaawi-in-memory/|title=Nawal El Sadaawi – In Memory|first=Ingeborg |last=Breines|author-link=Ingeborg Breines|website=ipb.org|publisher=IPB – International Peace Bureau|access-date=19 February 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gold.ac.uk/news/nawal-el-saadawi-tribute/|title=Tribute to doctor, writer and activist Nawal El Saadawi|website=gold.ac.uk|publisher=[[Goldsmiths University of London]]|date=26 March 2021|access-date=19 February 2024}}</ref> == Ide ihe == [[File:Nawal El Saadawi 02.JPG|thumb|right|Saadawi at the Göteborg Book Fair na 2010]] Saadawi malitere ide ihe na mbido ọrụ ya. Ihe odide mbụ ya gụnyere ọtụtụ akụkọ dị mkpirikpi nke akpọrọ ''Amụtara m Ịhụnanya'' (1957) na akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya, ''Memoirs of a Woman Doctor'' (1958). O mechara dee ọtụtụ akwụkwọ akụkọ na obere akụkọ na akwụkwọ ncheta onwe ya, ''Memoir from the Women's Prison'' (1986). E bipụtala Saadawi n'ọtụtụ akwụkwọ akụkọ, a sụgharịkwara ọrụ ya site na Arabic mbụ gaa na ihe karịrị asụsụ 30.<ref>Van Allen, Judith Imel, [https://books.google.com/books?id=fy11AwAAQBAJ&dq=saadawi+translated+into+more+than+30+languages&pg=PT1369 "Saadawi, Nawal El (1931–)"], in Gary L. Anderson and Kathryn G. Herr (eds), ''Encyclopedia of Activism and Social Justice'', Sage Publications, 2007, pp. 1249–1250.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=El Saadawi, Nawal (1932–) {{!}} Encyclopedia.com |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/international/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/el-saadawi-nawal-1932 |access-date=15 May 2022 |website=www.encyclopedia.com}}</ref> Na 1972, o bipụtara akwụkwọ mbụ ya nke anaghị akụkọ ifo, ''Women and Sex'',<ref name="women" /> which evoked the antagonism of highly placed political and theological authorities.<ref name="Krajeski, The New Yorker" /> O mekwara ka a chụọ ya n'ọrụ na Ministri Ahụike.<ref name="women" /> Ọrụ ndị ọzọ gụnyere ''The Hidden Face of Eve'',<ref>{{cite book |title=The hidden face of Eve : women in the Arab world |oclc=924716956 }}</ref> ''God Dies by the Nile'',<ref>{{cite book |title=God dies by the Nile |oclc=12583064 }}</ref> ''The Circling Song'',<ref>{{cite book |title=The circling song |oclc=18587928 }}</ref> ''Searching'',<ref>{{cite book |title=Searching |oclc=24707056 }}</ref> ''The Fall of the Imam'' (a kọwara ya dị ka "mkpughe dị ike ma na-akpali akpali nke ihe egwu ndị ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụaka nwere ike ikpughe site na nkwenkwe okpukpe"),<ref>{{cite journal |first=Philip |last=Womack |author-link=Philip Womack |url=http://newhumanist.org.uk/2119/the-fall-of-the-imam-by-nawal-el-saadawi |title=The Fall of the Imam by Nawal El Saadawi (review) |journal=[[New Humanist]] |date=20 August 2009}}</ref> and ''Woman at Point Zero''.<!--{{Citation needed|date=March 2021}}--><ref>{{cite book|title=Woman at point zero |oclc=10887569 }}</ref> Ọtụtụ mmadụ akatọọla ọrụ ya bụ 'The Hidden Face of Eve' maka nkwupụta na ọ na-ede maka "onye mba ọzọ na-akatọ onye mba ọzọ".<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=Amireh |first=Amal |date=2000 |title=Framing Nawal El Saadawi: Arab Feminism in a Transnational World |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/495572 |journal=Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=215–249 |doi=10.1086/495572 |s2cid=143010343 |issn=0097-9740|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Aha mbụ nke akwụkwọ ahụ, nke a sụgharịrị ozugbo na Bekee bụ "Ihu Gbara Ọtọ nke Nwanyị Arab" ewepụrụkwa ọtụtụ isiakwụkwọ na mbipụta Bekee nke akwụkwọ ahụ, ma e jiri ya tụnyere nke mbụ nke Arabic ahụ.<ref name=":3" /> O tinyere aka na ihe nkiri "Mgbe nwanyị nupụrụ isi" na akwụkwọ akụkọ nke afọ 1984 ''Sisterhood Is Global'', nke edeziri site na onye deziri ya Robin Morgan,<ref name="global">{{cite web |url=https://catalog.vsc.edu/lscfind/Record/154795/TOC#tabnav |title=Sisterhood Is Global: Table of Contents |publisher=Catalog.vsc.edu |access-date=15 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208065459/https://catalog.vsc.edu/lscfind/Record/154795/TOC#tabnav |archive-date=8 December 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ma bụrụ onye tinyere aka na nchịkọta akụkọ nke afọ 2019 ''New Daughters of Africa'', edited by [[Margaret Busby]], nke gụnyere edemede ya "Banyere M n'Africa—Ndọrọ Ndọrọ Ọchịchị na Okpope n'oge Nwatakịrị M".<ref>[[Imani Perry|Perry, Imani]] (29 March 2019), [https://www.ft.com/content/2a4e64a8-508a-11e9-8f44-fe4a86c48b33 "New Daughters of Africa — a new anthology of a groundbreaking book"], ''[[Financial Times]]''.</ref><ref>Rocker-Clinton, Johnna (August 2019), [https://sanfranciscobookreview.com/product/new-daughters-of-africa-an-international-anthology-of-writing-by-women-of-african-descent/ "Margaret Busby does it again!"] (review of ''New Daughters of Africa: An International Anthology of Writing by Women of African Descent''), ''San Francisco Book Review''.</ref> E bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ Saadawi nke akpọrọ 'Zeina' na Lebanọn n'afọ 2009. E bipụtara nsụgharị French ahụ n'okpuru aha njirimara Nawal Zeinab el Sayed, site na iji aha nne ya mbụ.<ref>{{cite news|title=Radical writer back with vengeance|url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/world/africa/radical-writer-back-with-vengeance-1.486421/|work= The National|access-date=17 November 2014|date=7 September 2009}}</ref> Saadawi na-asụ asụsụ [[asụsụ Bekee|Bekee]] nke ọma, tinyere obodo ya.Egyptian Arabic.<ref>{{cite web|first=Hans Ulrich |last=Obrist|url=http://www.e-flux.com/journal/42/60256/in-conversation-with-nawal-el-saadawi/ |title=In Conversation with Nawal El Saadawi|website=e-flux Journal|number=42|date= February 2013}}</ref> Dịka o si dee ya n'asụsụ Arabic, ọ hụrụ ajụjụ nke ịtụgharị asụsụ Bekee ma ọ bụ French dị ka "nnukwu nsogbu" nke jikọtara ya na eziokwu ahụ bụ na <blockquote>"ike ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya bụ nke Bekee ma ọ bụ French na-asụkarị.... Ndị nwere nnukwu akwụkwọ n'ụwa ka na-eleghara m anya, n'ihi na m na-ede ihe n'asụsụ Arabic, nakwa n'ihi na m na-akatọ echiche ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya, nke onye na-achị obodo, nke onye na-akpa ókè agbụrụ, na nke ndị nna ochie nke ndị ọchịchị ukwu."<ref>{{cite web|first=Dele Meiji|last=Fatunla|url=http://newafricanmagazine.com/nawal-el-saadawi-identity-not-fixed/|title=Nawal El Saadawi: 'My identity is not fixed'|magazine=[[New African]]|date=30 June 2016|access-date=8 October 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170706045108/http://newafricanmagazine.com/nawal-el-saadawi-identity-not-fixed/|archive-date=6 July 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref></blockquote> Akwụkwọ ya ''Mufakirat Tifla fi Al-Khamisa wa Al-Thamaneen''(Akwụkwọ Ndetu nke Nwa agbọghọ dị afọ 85), nke dabere na ihe e dere n'akwụkwọ akụkọ ya, ka e bipụtara n'afọ 2017.<ref>{{cite web|first=Mahmoud |last=El-Wardani|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/18/62/273741/Books/Review/At-,-Nawal-ElSaadawi-writes-about-Nawal-ElSaadawi.aspx |title=At 85, Nawal El-Saadawi writes about Nawal El-Saadawi|website=Ahram Online|date= 5 August 2017}}</ref> == Echiche == ===Mmegide megide mmebi akụkụ ahụ nwoke na nwanyị=== Mgbe ọ dị obere, Saadawi mere usoro nke ebe ụmụ nwanyị na-ebipụ akụkụ ahụ ha.<ref>el-Saadawi, Nawal, ''The Hidden Face of Eve'', Part 1: The Mutilated Half.</ref> Mgbe ọ bụ okenye, o dere gbasara omume a ma katọọ ya. O zara ọnwụ nke otu nwa agbọghọ dị afọ iri na abụọ, Bedour Shaker, n'oge a na-eme ịwa ahụ maka ibi úgwù n'ime akụkụ ahụ mmadụ na 2007 site n'ide ihe: "Bedour, ị̀ nwụrụ anwụ ka ìhè wee nwuo n'uche ndị gbara ọchịchịrị? Ị ga-eji ndụ gị dị oké ọnụ ahịa kwụọ ụgwọ ... ka ndị dọkịta na ndị ụkọchukwu mụta na okpukpe ziri ezi anaghị ebipụ akụkụ ahụ ụmụaka?"<ref>Michael, Maggie, [https://web.archive.org/web/20070702171148/http://www.physorg.com/news102393179.html "Egypt Officials Ban Female Circumcision"<!-- Bot generated title -->], Phys.org, 30 June 2007. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070702171148/http://www.physorg.com/news102393179.html |date=2 July 2007 }}.</ref> Dịka dọkịta na onye na-akwado ikike mmadụ, Saadawi megidere ibi ụmụ nwoke úgwù. O kwenyere na ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị kwesịrị ka e chebe ha pụọ ​​na mmebi akụkụ ahụ ha.<ref name="theglobaldispatches">{{cite web|url=http://www.theglobaldispatches.com/articles/nawal-al-saadawi|first=Allston|last=Mitchell|title=Nawal al Saadawi|work=The Global Dispatches|date=16 May 2010|access-date=12 February 2014|archive-date=7 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170707223358/http://www.theglobaldispatches.com/articles/nawal-al-saadawi|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Ọchịchị mmadụ na Feminism === Saadawi kọwara onwe ya dị ka "onye na-akwado ụmụnwaanyị na soshal midia", na-ekwere na a pụghị imeri ọgụ ụmụnwaanyị n'okpuru ọchịchị kapitalizim.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Fawzy |first=Mary |date=7 May 2021 |title=The socialist feminism of Nawal El Saadawi |url=https://www.newframe.com/the-socialist-feminism-of-nawal-el-saadawi/ |access-date=22 December 2022 |website=New Frame}}</ref> Nkwenye a nke ndị otu ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya apụtala site n'ikpe na-ezighị ezi ọ hụrụ ná ndụ ya.<ref name=":4" /> N'akwụkwọ ya bụ 'The Zoro Ezo nke Eve', o dere gbasara otu a na-agaghị esi kewapụ ndụ mmekọahụ na nke mmetụta uche nke ndị mmadụ na ndụ akụnụba ha na mmepụta ha, ya mere iwu ọnọdụ onwe onye na mba Arab ga-abụrịrị ihe kacha mkpa nye ndị socialist.<ref>{{Citation |chapter=Introduction |date=2015 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350251076.0006 |title=The Hidden Face of Eve |publisher=Zed Books |doi=10.5040/9781350251076.0006 |isbn=978-0-90576-251-7 |access-date=22 December 2022|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name=":4" /> N'ajụjụ ọnụ a gbara ya na 2018, o kwuru na ya abụghị onye Marxist, ebe ọ gụchara akwụkwọ ya nke ọ chọpụtara na ọ na-enwe nsogbu na ya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nawal El Saadawi on feminism, fiction and the illusion of democracy |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=djMfFU7DIB8 |language=en |publisher=[[Channel 4 News]]|via=YouTube|date=13 June 2018|access-date=22 December 2022}}</ref> ===Okpukperechi=== N'ajụjụ ọnụ ya nke afọ 2014, Saadawi kwuru na "isi ihe kpatara mmegbu ụmụ nwanyị dị n'usoro ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya zuru ụwa ọnụ, nke okpukperechi kwadoro".<ref>{{Cite web|title = They don't want any really courageous people!|url = http://en.qantara.de/content/interview-with-nawal-el-saadawi-they-dont-want-any-really-courageous-people|website = Qantara.de - Dialogue with the Islamic World|access-date =5 November 2015|last = Fariborz|first = Arian|date =5 July 2014}}</ref> Mgbe ọtụtụ narị mmadụ nwụrụ n'ihe a kpọr "stampede" n'oge njem njem 2015 (Hajj) nke ndị Alakụba gaa Mecca, Saudi Arabia, o kwuru, sị: <blockquote>"Ha na-ekwu maka ịgbanwe ụzọ e si achịkwa Hajj, gbasara ime ka ndị mmadụ na-eme njem n'obere ìgwè. Ihe ha na-ekwughị bụ na ihe a mere n'ihi na ndị a na-alụ ọgụ ịtụ ekwensu nkume. Gịnị mere ha ji kwesị ịtụ ekwensu nkume? Gịnị mere ha ji kwesị isusu nkume ojii ahụ ọnụ? Mana ọ dịghị onye ga-ekwu nke a. Ndị mgbasa ozi agaghị ebipụta ya. Gịnị ka ọ bụ, enweghị mmasị ịkatọ okpukpe? ... Ọjụjụ a ịkatọ okpukpe ... abụghị liberalism. Nke a bụ mmachibido iwu."<ref name=Cooke /></blockquote> O kwuru na ihe ndị dị na Hajj, dịka isusu Okute Ojii ọnụ, nwere mgbọrọgwụ ndị ọgọ mmụọ tupu okpukpe Islam.<ref>Fiona Lloyd-Davies, [https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/correspondent/1619902.stm "No compromise"], ''Correspondent'', BBC News, 26 October 2001.</ref> Saadawi was involved in the academic exploration of Arab identity throughout her writing career.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Hanadi|first1=Al-Samman|title=Diasporic Na(rra)tions: Arab Women Rewriting Exile|date=2000|publisher=[[Indiana University]]|page=25}}</ref> Saadawi kọwara mkpuchi ihu nke ndị Alakụba dị ka "ngwaọrụ mmegbu ụmụ nwanyị".<ref name="theglobaldispatches" /> ===Ebumnuche nke ụmụ nwanyị=== Ọ katọrọkwa ihe megidere ihe ndị e ji mara ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ nwanyị n'usoro mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya nke a na-ahụkarị na Yuropu na US,<ref>{{cite book|last1=El Saadawi|first1=Nawal|title=The Nawal El Saadawi Reader|publisher=Zed Books|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r9SPVEG3cv0C|date=1997|isbn=9781856495141|access-date=8 April 2015}}</ref> na-akpasu ndị otu nwanyị ibe ha iwe site n'ikwu okwu megide etemeete na uwe ndị na-ekpughe ihe.<ref name=taylor/> ===United States=== N'okwu nkuzi nke afọ 2002 na [[Mahadum California na Berkeley's Center for Middle Eastern Studies]], Saadawi kọwara agha nke US duziri megide Afghanistan dị ka "agha iji mee ihe n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi na mmanụ dị na mpaghara ahụ", na amụma mba ofesi nke US na nkwado ya nye Israel dị ka "ezigbo iyi ọha egwu.".<ref>{{cite web|last1=Pasquini|first1=Elaine|title=El Saadawi Calls U.S. Foreign Policy 'Real Terrorism'|url=https://www.questia.com/magazine/1P3-110120822/el-saadawi-calls-u-s-foreign-policy-real-terrorism|via=|work=Washington Report on Middle East Affairs|date=March 2002|access-date=|archive-date=9 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160409040731/https://www.questia.com/magazine/1P3-110120822/el-saadawi-calls-u-s-foreign-policy-real-terrorism|url-status=dead}}</ref> Saadawi held the opinion that Egyptians are forced into poverty by US aid.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Nielsen|first1=Nikolaj|title=Nawal El Saadawi: 'I am against stability. We need revolution'|url=http://chronikler.com/middle-east/egypt/nawal-el-saadawi-interview/|access-date=19 November 2014|work=The Chronikler|date=11 July 2013}}</ref> ==Fim== Saadawi bụ isiokwu nke ihe nkiri "She Speaked the Unspeakable", nke [[Jill Nicholls]] duziri, nke a na-agbasa na February 2017 na usoro ihe nkiri telivishọn [[BBC One]] ''[[Imagine (usoro ihe nkiri TV)|Imagine]]''.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b08g7hr8 "She Spoke the Unspeakable"], BBC One, ''Imagine'', Winter 2017. [http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x5cu7f1 Via] [[Dailymotion]].</ref> ==Ọnwụ== Saadawi nwụrụ n'abalị iri abụọ na otu nke ọnwa Maachị afọ 2021, mgbe ọ dị afọ iri asatọ na itoolu, n'ụlọọgwụ dị na Cairo.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://english.ahram.org.eg/News/407474.aspx|title=Renowned Egyptian feminist, author Nawal El-Saadawi dies at the age of 89|website=[[Ahram Online]]|first=Mohammed |last=Saad |date=21 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://egyptianstreets.com/2021/03/21/pioneering-egyptian-feminist-nawal-el-saadawi-dies-aged-89/|title=Pioneering Egyptian Feminist Nawal El Saadawi Dies Aged 89|website=[[Egyptian Streets]]|date=21 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/1829281/offbeat |title=Arab author, women's rights icon Nawal El-Saadawi dies in Cairo |website=Arab News |date=21 March 2021 }}</ref> Her life was commemorated on [[BBC Radio 4]]'s obituary programme ''[[Last Word]]''.<ref>{{cite episode| title= Nawal El Saadawi (pictured), Brigadier Jack Thomas, President John Magufuli, Ion Mihai Pacepa| series= [[Last Word]]| credits= Producer: Neil George; Interviewed guests: [[Mona Eltahawy]], Sally Nabil| station= BBC Radio 4| airdate= 26 March 2021| url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/m000tg67 | access-date= 28 March 2021 }}</ref> ==Ihe nrite na nsọpụrụ ahọpụtara== *2004: [[North–South Prize site na [[Council of Europe]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.coe.int/en/web/north-south-centre/previous-laureates-of-the-north-south-prize|title=Previous laureates of the North-South Prize|publisher=Council of Europe|website=coe.int}}</ref> *2005: Inana International Prize, Belgium<ref name="auto1"/> *2007: Honorary Doctorate, [[Vrije Universiteit Brussel]], Belgium<ref>{{cite book|chapter-url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-1-137-58730-5_4|publisher=Nawal El Saadawi|doi=10.1007/978-1-137-58730-5_4|title=Diary of a Child Called Souad|year=2016|last1=El Saadawi|first1=Nawal|chapter=Nawal el Saadawi and a History of Oppression: Brief Biographical Facts |pages=153–158|isbn=978-1-137-58936-1}}</ref> *2007: Honorary Doctorate, [[Université libre de Bruxelles]], Belgium<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ulb.be/en/about-ulb/ulbs-honorary-doctorates|title=ULB's honorary doctorates|website=ulb.be|publisher=Université libre de Bruxelles}}</ref> *2010: Honorary Doctorate, [[National Autonomous University of Mexico]], Mexico<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.barrons.com/news/author-physician-nawal-el-saadawi-egypt-s-critic-of-taboos-01616337305?tesla=y|title=Author, Physician Nawal El-Saadawi, Egypt's Critic Of Taboos|website=barrons.com|first=Farid|last= Farid|publisher=Barron's|date=21 March 2021}}</ref> *2011: [[Stig Dagerman Prize]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://blog.svd.se/kultur/2012/01/09/motvillig-el-saadawi-far-dagermanpriset/ |title=Motvillig El Saadawi får Dagermanpriset |work=[[SvD]] |language=sv |date=9 January 2012 |access-date=27 October 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aftonbladet.se/kultur/article14833794.ab |title=Lydnad är ett dödligt gift |work=Kultur |language=sv |date=15 May 2012 |access-date=27 October 2012}}</ref> *2012: [[Seán MacBride Peace Prize]]<ref name="auto2"/> *2015: [[BBC's 100 Women]]<ref name="bbc">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-34745739|title=BBC 100 Women 2015: Who is on the list?|date=17 November 2015|work=BBC News|access-date=3 August 2019|language=en-GB}}</ref> *2020: ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]''{{'}}s 100 Women of the Year (1981)<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://time.com/5793662/nawal-el-saadawi-100-women-of-the-year/ |title=1981: Nawal El Saadawi |magazine=Time |date=5 March 2020 }}</ref> ==Ọrụ ndị ahọpụtara== Saadawi dere ihe nke ọma, wee tinye ụfọdụ n'ime ọrụ ya n'ịntanetị.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Amireh |first=Amal |date=2000 |title=Framing Nawal El Saadawi: Arab Feminism in a Transnational World |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3175385 |journal=Signs |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=215–249 |doi=10.1086/495572 |jstor=3175385 |s2cid=143010343 |issn=0097-9740|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Saiti |first1=Ramzi |last2=Salti |first2=Ramzi M. |date=1994 |title=Paradise, Heaven, and Other Oppressive Spaces: A Critical Examination of the Life and Works of Nawal el-Saadawi |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4183334 |journal=Journal of Arabic Literature |volume=25 |issue=2 |pages=152–174 |doi=10.1163/157006494X00059 |jstor=4183334 |issn=0085-2376|url-access=subscription }}</ref> '''Akwụkwọ akụkọ na akwụkwọ akụkọ''' * ''Mudhakkirat tabiba'' (Cairo, 1958). ''Memoirs of a Woman Doctor'', trans. [[Catherine Cobham]] (Saqi Books, 1988) * ''Al ghayib'' (Cairo, 1965). ''Searching'', trans. Shirley Eber (Zed Books, 1991) * ''Imra'tani fi-Imra'a'' (Cairo, 1968). ''Two Women in One'', trans. [[Osman Nusairi]] and Jana Gough (Saqi Books, 1985) * ''Maut ar-raǧul al-waḥīd ʿala ‚l-arḍ'' (1974). ''[[God Dies by the Nile]]'', trans. [[Sherif Hetata]] (Zed Books, 1985) * ''Al-khait wa'ayn al-hayat'' (Cairo, 1976). ''The Well of Life and the Thread: Two Short Novels'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Lime Tree, 1993) * ''Ughniyat al-atfal al da iriyah'' (Beirut: Dar al-Adab, 1977). ''The Circling Song'', trans. Marilyn Booth (Zed Books, 1989) * ''Emra'a enda noktat el sifr'' (Beirut: Dar al-Adab, 1977). ''[[Woman at Point Zero]]'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Zed Books, 1983) * ''Mawt Ma'ali al-Wazir Sabiqan'' (1980). ''Death of an Ex-Minister'', trans. Shirley Eber (Methuen, 1987) * ''Suqūṭ al-imām'' (Cairo, 1987). ''[[The Fall of the Imam]]'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Methuen, 1988) * ''Jann āt wa-Iblīs'' (Beirut, 1992). ''The Innocence of the Devil'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Methuen, 1994) * ''Ḥubb fī zaman al-naf̣t'' (Cairo, 1993). ''Love in the Kingdom of Oil'', trans. [[Basil Hatim]] and Malcolm Williams (Saqi Books, 2001) * ''Al-Riwayah'' (Cairo: Dar El Hilal, 2004). ''The Novel'', trans. [[Omnia Amin]] and [[Rick London]] (Interlink Books, 2009) * ''Zeina'' (Beirut: Dar Al Saqi, 2009). ''Zeina'', trans. [[Amira Nowaira]] (Saqi Books, 2011) '''Nchịkọta akụkọ dị mkpirikpi''' * ''Ta'allamt al-hubb'' (Cairo, 1957). ''I Learned Love'' * ''Lahzat sidq'' (Cairo, 1959). ''Moment of Truth'' * ''Little Tenderness'' (Cairo, 1960) * ''al-Khayt wa-l-jidar'' (1972). ''The Thread and the Wall'' * ''Ain El Hayat'' (Beirut, 1976) * ''Kānat hiya al-aḍʻaf'' ["She Was the Weaker"] (1979). ''She Has No Place in Paradise'', trans. Shirley Eber (Methuen, 1987). Includes three additional stories: "She Has No Place in Paradise", "Two Women Friends", and "'Beautiful'". * ''Adab Am Kellet Abad'' (Cairo, 2000) '''Egwuregwu''' * ''Ithna 'ashar imra'a fi zinzana wahida'' (Cairo, 1984). ''Twelve Women in a Cell'' * ''Isis'' (Cairo, 1985) * ''God Resigns in the Summit Meeting'' (1996), published by Madbouli, and four other plays included in her ''Collected Works'' (45 books in Arabic), Cairo: Madbouli, 2007 * ''Twelve Women in a Cell: Plays by Mediterranean Women'' (Aurora Metro Books, 1994) '''Ihe ncheta''' * ''Mudhakkirat fi Sijn al-Nisa'' (Cairo, 1983). ''Memoirs from the Women's Prison'', trans. Marilyn Booth ([[The Women's Press]], 1986) * ''Rihlati hawla al-'alam'' (Cairo, 1986). ''My Travels Around the World'', trans. Shirley Eber (Methuen, 1991) * ''Memoirs of a Child Called Soad'' (Cairo, 1990) * ''Awraqi hayati'', first volume (Cairo, 1995). ''A Daughter of Isis'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Zed Books, 1999) * ''Awraqi hayati'', second volume (Cairo, 1998). ''Walking Through Fire'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Zed Books, 2002) * ''My Life, Part III'' (Cairo, 2001) '''Akụkọ na-abụghị akụkọ ifo''' * ''Women and Sex'' (Cairo, 1969) * ''Woman Is the Origin'' (Cairo, 1971) * ''Men and Sex'' (Cairo, 1973) * ''The Naked Face of Arab Women'' (Cairo, 1974) * ''Women and Neurosis'' (Cairo, 1975) * ''Al-Wajh al-'ari lil-mar'a al-'arabiyy'' (1977). ''The Hidden Face of Eve: Women in the Arab World'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Zed Press, 1980) * ''On Women'' (Cairo, 1986) * ''A New Battle in Arab Women Liberation'' (Cairo, 1992) * ''Collection of Essays'' (Cairo, 1998) * ''Collection of Essays'' (Cairo, 2001) * ''Breaking Down Barriers'' (Cairo, 2004) '''Compilations in English''' * ''Plays by Mediterranean Women'' (Aurora Metro Books, 1994, {{ISBN|978-0-9515877-3-7}}) * ''North/South: The Nawal El Saadawi Reader'' (Zed Books, 1997) * ''Off Limits: New Writings on Fear and Sin'' (Gingko Library, 2019, {{ISBN|978-88-87847-16-1}}) == Hụkwa ==   *   *   *   * Thesis/dissertation.  <templatestyles src="Module:Side box/styles.css"></templatestyles> * Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Nawal El Saadawi na archive.org * Adele Newson-Horst, "[https://www.worldliteraturetoday.org/blog/literary-tributes/remembering-nawal-el-saadawi-adele-newson-horst "Ịcheta Nawal El Saadawi"]", World Literature Today, 24 March 2021. * [[Ernest Emenyonu]], "NAWAL EL SAADAWI: Ndụ na edemede (Ọktoba 27, 1931 - Machị 21, 2021) ", Boydell na Brewer, 13 Mee 2021. [[Otú:Articles with hCards]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 67p1pv7h7qrcgc28hwlv5dkuz7sm2ft 736895 736884 2026-10-09T07:40:57Z Adimora chidinma 15845 /* United States */ 736895 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}   '''Nawal El Saadawi''' ({{langx|ar|نوال السعداوي}}, {{ALA-LC|arz|Nawāl as-Saʿdāwī}};27 Ọktoba 1931 – 21 Maachị 2021) bụ onye edemede feminist nke Ijipt, activist, disciatist, na psychiatrist. O dere ọtụtụ akwụkwọ gbasara ụmụ nwanyị na Islam, na-elekwasị anya n'okwu ndị metụtara ụmụ nwanyị na Global South, gụnyere sexuality, patriarchy social class, na colonialism.<ref name=":3" /> Ọ bụ onye hiwere ma bụrụkwa onyeisi oche nke otu Arab Women's Solidarity Association.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2 March 2015|title=Nawal El Saadawi|url=https://orgs.law.harvard.edu/womeninspiringchange/2015-honorees/nawal-el-saadawi/|access-date=9 October 2020|website=Women Inspiring Change|language=en-US|archive-date=18 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201218120145/https://orgs.law.harvard.edu/womeninspiringchange/2015-honorees/nawal-el-saadawi/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>Hitchcock, Peter; El Saadawi, Nawal; Hatata, Sherif. "Living the Struggle". ''Transition'' 61 (1993): 170–179.</ref> Ọ bụkwa onye hiwere Arab Association for Human Rights.<ref>Nawal El Saadawi, "Presentation by Nawal El Saadawi: President's Forum, M/MLA Annual Convention, November 4, 1999", ''The Journal of the Midwest Modern Language Association'' 33.3–34.1 (Autumn 2000 – Winter 2001): 34–39.</ref> O nwetara akara ugo mmụta nsọpụrụ site na mahadum dị na kọntinent atọ. Na 2004, Kọnsụl nke Yuropu nyere ya North–South Prize. Na 2005, o nwetara ihe nrite mba ụwa Inana na Belgium.<ref name="auto1">[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jue04c1_wkY "PEN World Voices Arthur Miller Freedom to Write Lecture by Nawal El Saadawi"], YouTube. 8 September 2009.</ref> Na 2012, International Peace Bureau nyere ya onyinye Seán MacBride Peace Prize.<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web|title=International Peace Bureau|url=http://www.ipb.org/web/index.php?mostra=news&menu=home&id_nom=IPB+to+award+2012+Sean+MacBride+Peace+Prize+to+Nawal+El-Sadaawi+and+Lina+Ben+Mhenni|website=www.ipb.org|access-date=25 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925221701/http://www.ipb.org/web/index.php?mostra=news&menu=home&id_nom=IPB+to+award+2012+Sean+MacBride+Peace+Prize+to+Nawal+El-Sadaawi+and+Lina+Ben+Mhenni|archive-date=25 September 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ndụ mbido == A mụrụ Saadawi, onye nke abụọ n'ime ụmụ itoolu, na 27 Ọktoba 1931 n'obodo nta dị na Kafr Tahla, [[Egypt]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/mar/22/nawal-el-saadawi-obituary|title=Nawal El Saadawi obituary|date=22 March 2021|first=Sarah A|last= Smith|website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Elkhatib |first1=Sameh |title=Egyptian feminist and author el-Saadawi dies at 89 |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/egyptian-feminist-author-el-saadawi-dies-89-2021-03-22/ |website=Reuters |access-date=24 March 2026}}</ref> E mere Saadawi ebe ụmụ nwanyị bi n'ime akụkụ ahụ ha <ref name=Khaleeli /> at the age of six,<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last1=Sa'dawi|first1=Nawal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I9vqMossOjoC|title=A Daughter of Isis: The Autobiography of Nawal El Saadawi|last2=Saadawi|first2=Nawal El|last3=Saʻdāwī|first3=Nawāl|last4=Saʿdāwī|first4=Nawāl as-|date=1999|publisher=[[Zed Books]]|isbn=978-1-85649-680-3|pages=63–87|language=en}}</ref> ọ bụ ezie na nna ya kwenyere na ụmụ agbọghọ na ụmụ nwoke kwesịrị ịgụ akwụkwọ. O kwuru na nne na nna ya bụ ndị nwere nnwere onwe mgbe ha na-etolite.<ref name=":1"/> Nna ya Upper Egypt bụ onye ọrụ gọọmentị na [[w:Ministry of Education (Egypt)|Ministry of Education]], onye lụsoro ọgụ megide British rebel Egypt n'oge Egypt Revolution of 1919. N'ihi ya, a chụpụrụ ya n'obodo nta dị na Naịl, gọọmentị ekweghịkwa ịkwalite ya ruo afọ 10. Ọ bụ onye na-aga n'ihu ma kụziere nwa ya nwanyị ịkwanyere onwe ya ùgwù na ikwu okwu n'uche ya. Ọ gbakwara ya ume ka ọ mụọ asụsụ Arabik. Agbanyeghị, mgbe El Saadawi dị afọ 10, ezinụlọ ya gbalịrị ime ka ọ lụọ di, mana nne ya kwadoro ya n'ịjụ.<ref name=taylor>{{Cite news |title=Nawal El Saadawi: Feminist firebrand who dared to write dangerously (obituary) |last=Taylor-Coleman |first=Jasmine |website=BBC News |date=21 March 2021 |url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-55048245}}</ref> Both her parents died at a young age,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Nawal El Saadawi|url=http://faculty.webster.edu/woolflm/saadawi.html|access-date=25 September 2015|website=faculty.webster.edu|archive-date=2 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170602080913/http://faculty.webster.edu/woolflm/saadawi.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>{{Unreliable source?|date=September 2021|sure=y|reason=This is an unpublished undergraduate student assignment paper}} na-ahapụ Saadawi naanị ibu ọrụ nke ilekọta ezinụlọ buru ibu.<ref name="bornexile">{{Cite web |url=http://www.nawalsaadawi.net/oldsite/articlesnawal/bornexile.htm |title=Exile and Resistance |first=Nawal |last=El Saadaw|website=Nawal El Saadawi/Sherif Hetata |date=November 2002|access-date=23 June 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091027223127/http://www.nawalsaadawi.net/oldsite/articlesnawal/bornexile.htm |archive-date=27 October 2009 |url-status=usurped }}</ref> Nne ya, Zaynab, sitere n'agbụrụ bara ọgaranya [[w:Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]];<ref>{{cite news|last=Cowell|first=Alan |author-link=Alan Cowell |year=2021|title=Nawal El Saadawi, Advocate for Women in the Arab World, Dies at 89 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/21/obituaries/nawal-el-saadawi-dead.html|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|quote=Nawal El Saadawi was born on Oct. 27, 1931, in the village of Kafr Tahla, a settlement in the lower Nile Delta, the second of nine children. Her mother, Zaynab (Shoukry) El Saadawi, was partially descended from a wealthy Ottoman family. Her father, Al-Sayed El Saadawi, was an official in the government’s education ministry. }}</ref> Saadawi kọwara nna nna ya nke nne ya, Shoukry,<ref>{{cite book|first=Nawal|last= El Saadawi|year=2013|title=A Daughter of Isis: The Early Life of Nawal El Saadawi|publisher=Zed Books|isbn=978-1848136403}}</ref> na nne nne ya dị ka onye Ottoman si malite.<ref name="CaliforniaUni">{{citation|first=Nawal|last= El Saadawi|year=1986|title=Memoirs from the Women's Prison|publisher=University of California Press|page=64|quote= "My eyes widened in astonishment. Even my maternal grandmother used to sing, although she was born to a Turkish mother and lived in my grandfather's house in the epoch when harems still existed." |isbn=0520088883}}</ref> Ọbụna mgbe ọ bụ nwata, ọ katọrọ obodo ndị nwoke bi na ya, ebe ụmụ nwoke ji ha kpọrọ ihe karịa ụmụ nwanyị, na-emeghachi omume n'iwe nye nne nne ya, onye kwuru na "nwoke bara uru ụmụ nwanyị iri na ise ma ọ dịkarịa ala... Ụmụ agbọghọ bụ nsogbu".<ref name=taylor/> O ji nganga kọwaa onwe ya dị ka nwanyị Ijipt agba ọchịchịrị kemgbe ọ dị obere.<ref>{{Citation|url=https://zora.medium.com/my-childhood-in-egypt-not-knowing-i-was-in-africa-27580b07a93b|title=My Childhood in Egypt, Not Knowing I Was in Africa|first=Nawal|last=El Saadawi|website=zora.medium.com|date=13 June 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=New Daughters of Africa|chapter=About Me in Africa—Politics and Religion in my Childhood|editor-first=Margaret|first=El Saadawi|last=Nawal|editor-last=Busby|publisher=[[Myriad Editions]]|edition=paperback|pages=42–44|date=2020}}</ref> == Career == Saadawi graduated as a medical doctor in 1955 from [[Cairo University]]. That year, she married Ahmed Helmi, whom she met as a fellow student in medical school. They have a daughter, Mona Helmi.<ref name=Khaleeli/> The marriage ended after two years.<ref name=JoISR>{{cite journal|first=Yusuf|last=Koseli|title=A PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH TO THE NOVEL OF NAWAL EL SAADAWI TITLED MÜZEKKİRAT TABİBE|journal=The Journal of International Social Research|date=2013|volume=6|issue=28|url=http://www.sosyalarastirmalar.com/cilt6/cilt6sayi28_pdf/koseli_yusuf.pdf|access-date=15 April 2020}}</ref><ref name=Khaleeli>{{Cite web|title = Nawal El Saadawi: Egypt's radical feminist|url = https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2010/apr/15/nawal-el-saadawi-egyptian-feminist|website =The Guardian|date= 15 April 2010|access-date =15 April 2020|first = Homa|last = Khaleeli}}</ref> Through her medical practice, she observed women's physical and psychological problems and connected them with oppressive cultural practices, patriarchal oppression, class oppression and imperialist oppression.<ref name="women">[http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/1999/462/women.htm Feminism in a nationalist century] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100419040800/http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/1999/462/women.htm |date=19 April 2010 }}</ref> Her second husband was a colleague, Rashad Bey.<ref name=JoISR/><ref>{{cite thesis|url=https://www.academia.edu/23224495|title=Voice of Oppressed from the Margins: A Critical Reading on Nawal El Saadawi's "Woman at Point Zero"|last=Puthiyakath|first=Hashim H.|publisher=[[Central University of Tamil Nadu]]|access-date=15 April 2020}}</ref> While working as a doctor in her birthplace of Kafr Tahla, she observed the hardships and inequalities faced by rural women. After attempting to protect one of her patients from [[domestic violence]], Saadawi was summoned back to Cairo. She eventually became the Director of the Ministry of [[public health|Public Health]] and met her third husband, [[Sherif Hatata]], while sharing an office in the Ministry of Health. Hatata, also a medical doctor and writer, had been a [[political prisoner]] for 13 years. They married in 1964 and have a son.<ref name="bornexile"/><ref name=Khaleeli/> Saadawi and Hatata lived together for 43 years<ref name=Cooke>{{cite web|last1=Cooke|first1=Rachel|title=Nawal El Saadawi: 'Do you feel you are liberated? I feel I am not'|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/oct/11/nawal-el-saadawi-interview-do-you-feel-you-are-liberated-not|work=[[The Observer]]|date=11 October 2015|access-date=15 April 2020}}</ref> and divorced in 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/18/62/99644/Books/Review/ElSaadawi-and-Hatata-Voyage-of-a-lifetime.aspx|title=El-Saadawi and Hatata: Voyage of a lifetime|date=24 April 2014|publisher=Ahram Online|first=Mahmoud |last=El-Wardani|access-date=15 April 2020}}</ref> [[File:Shirin Ershadi, Shirin Ebadi and Nawal el-Saadawi (2413951897).jpg|thumb|[[Shirin Ershadi]], [[Shirin Ebadi]] and Nawal el-Saadawi]] Saadawi attended [[Columbia University]], earning a master's degree in public health in 1966.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Smith|first=Harrison|date=23 March 2021|title=Nawal El Saadawi, Egyptian author, physician and feminist activist, dies at 89|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/nawal-el-saadawi-dead/2021/03/23/43c7c250-8b19-11eb-a730-1b4ed9656258_story.html|access-date=16 June 2021}}</ref> In 1972, she published ''Woman and Sex'' ({{lang|ar|المرأة والجنس}}), confronting and contextualising various aggressions perpetrated against women's bodies, including female circumcision. The book became a foundational text of [[second-wave feminism]]. As a consequence of the book and her political activities, Saadawi was dismissed from her position at the Ministry of Health.<ref name="women" /> She also lost her positions as chief editor of a health journal, and as Assistant General Secretary in the Medical Association in Egypt. From 1973 to 1976, Saadawi worked on researching women and [[neurosis]] in [[Ain Shams University]]'s Faculty of Medicine. From 1979 to 1980, she was the [[United Nations]] Advisor for the Women's Programme in Africa (ECA) and the Middle East (ECWA).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://scholarblogs.emory.edu/postcolonialstudies/2014/06/11/saadawi-nawal-el-2/|title=Saadawi, Nawal el – Postcolonial Studies|website=scholarblogs.emory.edu|language=en-US|access-date=31 July 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r9SPVEG3cv0C&q=Nawal+Saadawi+united+nations+advisor+1979&pg=PR1|title=The Nawal El Saadawi Reader|last=Saʻdāwī|first=Nawāl|date=15 December 1997|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=9781856495141|language=en}}</ref> === Ikpe ụlọ ikpe megide ya === Na 2002, Nabih el-Wahsh mere mgbalị iwu n'ụlọ ikpe Ijipt ịgba el-Saadawi alụkwaghịm n'aka di ya n'ụzọ iwu kwadoro n'ihi [[w:hisbah|hesba]], ụkpụrụ nke narị afọ nke 9 nke shariah law, nke na-ekwe ka a mara ndị Alakụba a na-ahụ na ha na-emebi Islam ikpe. Ihe akaebe e ji megide ya bụ ajụjụ ọnụ nke Machị ebe el-Wahsh kwuru na ọ gbahapụrụ Islam. Mgbalị iwu ahụ agaghị nke ọma.<ref name=Khaleeli /><ref>{{Cite web |date=18 June 2001 |title=Cairo writer threatened with divorce |url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2001/jun/18/internationaleducationnews.highereducation |access-date=22 December 2022 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref> N'afọ 2008, e mere otu ihe ahụ iji napụ el-Saadawi mba Ijipt ya n'ihi echiche na ihe odide ya siri ike, mgbalị a agaghịkwa enwe isi.<ref name=Khaleeli /> === Mkpọrọ === Kemgbe gọọmentị Ijipt lere ya anya dị ka ihe na-ese okwu ma dị ize ndụ, Saadawi nyere aka bipụta akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị otu nwanyị na 1981 nke akpọrọ ''Confrontation.'' President of Egypt Anwar Sadat tụrụ ya mkpọrọ na Septemba.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Uglow|first1=Jennifer S.|author2=Maggy Hendry|title=The Northeastern Dictionary of Women's Biography|url=https://archive.org/details/northeasterndict0000uglo|url-access=registration|year=1999|publisher=Northeastern University Press|isbn= 9781555534219|pages=[https://archive.org/details/northeasterndict0000uglo/page/189 189]–190}}</ref> Saadawi kwuru otu oge n'ajụjụ ọnụ a gbara ya: "E jidere m n'ihi na ekwere m Sadat. O kwuru na e nwere ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na anyị nwere usoro ọtụtụ pati, ị nwekwara ike ịkatọ ya. Ya mere, amalitere m ịkatọ iwu ya, m wee banye n'ụlọ mkpọrọ." Sadat kwuru na ọchịchị e guzobere bụ ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya maka ndị mmadụ, nakwa na ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya dị njikere maka nkatọ bara uru. Dịka Saadawi si kwuo, Sadat tụrụ ya mkpọrọ n'ihi nkatọ ya maka ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya. Ọbụna n'ụlọ mkpọrọ, ọ ka chọtara ụzọ isi lụso mmegbu ụmụ nwanyị ọgụ. Mgbe ọ nọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ, o guzobere otu Arab Women's Solidarity Association. Nke a bụ otu mbụ iwu kwadoro na nke nwere onwe ya na Egypt. N'ụlọ mkpọrọ, a jụrụ ya pen na akwụkwọ, agbanyeghị, nke ahụ egbochighị ya ịnọgide na-ede ihe. O jiri "pensụl nku anya ojii siri ike" na "obere akwụkwọ mposi ochie na nke gbawara agbawa" dekọọ echiche ya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Interview with Nawal el aasawi|url=http://www.nyu.edu/classes/keefer/twenty/nawal.html|last=Network|first=Vile News|date=2015|access-date=26 April 2020}}</ref> A tọhapụrụ ya n'afọ ahụ, otu ọnwa ka e gbusịrị Onyeisiala. Banyere ahụmịhe ya, o dere, sị: "Ihe ize ndụ abụrụla akụkụ nke ndụ m kemgbe m were mkpịsị akwụkwọ wee dee ihe. Ọ dịghị ihe dị ize ndụ karịa eziokwu n'ụwa nke dị ụgha."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/2001/06/03/stories/13030786.htm |title=Egypt's face of courage |work=The Hindu|first=Kalpana|last=Sharma|date=3 June 2001|access-date=25 September 2013 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041030002518/http://www.hinduonnet.com/2001/06/03/stories/13030786.htm |archive-date=30 October 2004 }}</ref> Na afọ 1982, o hiwere otu Arab Women's Solidarity Association.<ref>Hussey, Sierra, [https://www.sahistory.org.za/archive/biography-nawal-el-saadawi-sierra-hussey "Biography of Nawal El Saadawi"], South African History Online.</ref> Ọ kọwara otu ya dị ka "onye akụkọ ihe mere eme, onye na-akwado ọchịchị ọha, na onye na-akwado ikike ụmụ nwanyị".<ref>{{cite magazine |url= https://www.aljadid.com/node/2254|title= Nawal El-Saadawi's 'Daughter of Isis' Life and Times via the Plenitude of Her Writings |first=D.H. |last=Melhem|website=Al Jadid Magazine|volume= 5|number= 29|date=Autumn 1999|access-date=22 March 2021}}</ref> Saadawi bụ otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị e jidere n'ụlọ mkpọrọ ụmụ nwanyị Qanatir. Mkpọrọ ya bụ ntọala maka afọ 1983 ya. ''Memoirs from the Women's Prison'' ({{langx|ar|مذكرات في سجن النساء }}). Mkparịta ụka ya na onye mkpọrọ nọ na Qanatir, afọ itoolu tupu a tụọ ya mkpọrọ ebe ahụ, bụ ihe mkpali maka ọrụ mbụ ya, akwụkwọ akụkọ akpọrọ aha ya bụ ''Woman at Point Zero'' ({{langx|ar|امرأة عند نقطة الصفر}}, 1975).<ref name="Krajeski, The New Yorker">{{Cite magazine|url=http://www.newyorker.com/books/page-turner/the-books-of-nawal-el-saadawi|title=The Books of Nawal El Saadawi|magazine=[[The New Yorker]]|first=Jenna|last=Krajeski|date=7 March 2011|access-date=31 July 2017}}</ref> === Mkpagbu ndị ọzọ, nkuzi na US, na ngagharị iwe ndị ọzọ mechara mee === Na 1993, mgbe ndị Alakụba na mkpagbu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị yiri ndụ ya egwu, a manyere Saadawi ịgbapụ n'Ijipt. Ọ nabatara onyinye ịkụzi ihe na Ngalaba Asụsụ Eshia na Afrịka nke Mahadum Duke dị na [[North Carolina]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Former Visiting Professor in Court, Under Fire in Egypt|url=https://today.duke.edu/2001/06/el-saadawi629.html|date=29 June 2001|website=Duke Today|publisher=Duke University|access-date=1 April 2021|language=en}}</ref><ref name=BMJ>Dr Dora Carpenter-Latiri, [http://blogs.bmj.com/medical-humanities/2015/11/11/the-reading-room-a-review-of-memoirs-of-a-woman-doctor/ "The Reading Room: A review of ‘Memoirs of a woman doctor{{'"}}], ''BMJ'' Blog, 11 November 2015.</ref> nakwa na Mahadum Washington. O mechara nọrọ n'ọtụtụ kọleji na mahadum ndị a ma ama dịka Mahadum Cairo, Harvard, Yale, [[w:Mahadum Columbia|Columbia]], [[w:Mahadum Paris|Sorbonne]], [[w:Mahadum Georgetown|Georgetown]], Mahadum Steeti Florida, na Mahadum California, Berkeley. Na 1996, ọ laghachiri Ijipt.<ref name="BMJ"/><ref>{{cite web|last=Ling|first= Jessica |url=http://www.warscapes.com/blog/today-history-happy-85th-birthday-nawal-el-saadawi |title=Today in History: Happy 85th Birthday, Nawal El Saadawi!|website=Warscapes|date=27 October 2016}}</ref> Saadawi gara n'ihu na-akwado ya ma chee echiche ịzọ ọkwa na 2005 ntuli aka onyeisiala Ijipt, tupu ọ pụọ n'ihi ihe siri ike achọrọ maka ndị ga-azọ ọkwa nke mbụ.<ref>[https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2005/7/16/egypt-presidential-aspirant-pulls-out "Egypt presidential aspirant pulls out"], AlJazeera, 16 July 2005. Retrieved 21 July 2021.</ref> O so n'ime ndị ngagharị iwe na Tahrir Square na 2011.<ref>{{cite web|first=Elizabeth |last=Rubin|url=http://www.newsweek.com/2011/03/06/the-feminists-in-the-middle-of-tahrir-square.html |title=The Feminists in the Middle of Tahrir Square|work=[[Newsweek]]|date= 6 March 2011}}</ref> O kwuru ka a kwụsị nkuzi okpukperechi n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị Ijipt.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nawal El Saadawi – Illustrated Women in History |url=https://illustratedwomeninhistory.com/nawal-el-saadawi-is-an-egyptian-feminist-writer/ |date=28 October 2015|access-date=15 May 2022 |language=en-US}}</ref> Saadawi was awarded the 2004 North–South Prize by the Council of Europe.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/nscentre/winners_nsp_EN.asp|title=North-South Centre homepage|website=North-South Centre|language=en-GB|access-date=18 March 2018}}</ref> Na Julaị 2016, ọ bụ onyeisi emume akwụkwọ Royal African Society nke akpọrọ "Africa Writes" na London, ebe o kwuru okwu gbasara "On Being a Woman Writer" na mkparịta ụka ya na [[Margaret Busby]].<ref>{{cite web|first=Kelechi |last=Iwumene|url=http://africawrites.org/blog/africa-writes-2016-the-round-up/ |title=Africa Writes 2016: The Round-Up|publisher=Royal African Society|date= July 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://africawrites.org/uncategorized/on-being-a-woman-writer-nawal-el-saadawi-in-conversation-2/ |title=On Being A Woman Writer: Nawal El Saadawi in conversation|website= Africa Writes|publisher=Royal African Society|date= 2 July 2016}}</ref> [[File:Nawal El Saadawi, April 2012 (cropped).jpg|thumb|April 2012]] Na Göteborg Book Fair nke mere na Septemba 27 ruo 30, 2018, Saadawi gara seminar gbasara mmepe na Ijipt na Middle East mgbe Arab Spring gasịrị.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gp.se/kultur/kultur/nawal-el-sadaawi-till-bokm%C3%A4ssan-1.7940393|title=Nawal El Sadaawi till Bokmässan|work=Göteborgs-Posten|language=sv|date=29 August 2018|access-date=10 October 2018}}</ref> ma n'oge okwu ya na mmemme ahụ kwuru na ike ụwa niile "ndị ọchịchị aka ike, ndị isi obodo, ndị ọchịchị alaeze ukwu, ndị na-akpa ókè agbụrụ", nke United States na-edu, jikọrọ aka na gọọmentị Ijipt iji kwụsị mgbanwe Ijipt nke afọ 2011. O kwukwara na ya chetara ịhụ Odeakwụkwọ nke Mba U.S. n'oge ahụ [[Hillary Clinton]] na Tahrir Square ka ọ na-enye ndị ntorobịa akwụkwọ dollar iji gbaa ha ume ka ha votu maka Ụmụnna Ndị Alakụba na ntuli aka na-abịa.,<ref>[https://www.memri.org/tv/egyptian-activist-nawal-saadawi-saw-hillary-clinton-dollars-tahrir-square "Onye na-akwado ikike ụmụnwaanyị Ijipt bụ Nawal El Saadawi: Ahụrụ m Hillary Clinton ka ọ na-enye ego mba Amerịka na Tahrir Square ka ndị mmadụ wee tụọ vootu maka ụmụnna ndị Alakụba"], [[Memri TV]], 30 Septemba 2018</ref> ọ bụ ezie na enweghị ihe akaebe na ihe a a na-ekwu mere. Nawal El Saadawi nwere ọkwa dịka onye dere akwụkwọ maka Kansụl Kasị Elu maka Nkà na Sayensị Mmekọrịta, Cairo; Onyeisi Isi nke Ngalaba Mmụta Ahụike, Ministry of Health, Cairo, Odeakwụkwọ Ukwu nke Medical Association, Cairo, Egypt, na dọkịta na Ụlọ Ọgwụ Mahadum na [[w:Ministry of Health and Population (Egypt)|Ministry of Health]]. Ọ bụ onye hiwere otu agụmakwụkwọ ahụike na otu ndị edemede ụmụ nwanyị Ijipt; ọ bụkwa onyeisi nchịkọta akụkọ nke "Health Magazine" na Cairo, nakwa onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke "Medical Association Magazine".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ipb.org/nawal-el-sadaawi-in-memory/|title=Nawal El Sadaawi – In Memory|first=Ingeborg |last=Breines|author-link=Ingeborg Breines|website=ipb.org|publisher=IPB – International Peace Bureau|access-date=19 February 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gold.ac.uk/news/nawal-el-saadawi-tribute/|title=Tribute to doctor, writer and activist Nawal El Saadawi|website=gold.ac.uk|publisher=[[Goldsmiths University of London]]|date=26 March 2021|access-date=19 February 2024}}</ref> == Ide ihe == [[File:Nawal El Saadawi 02.JPG|thumb|right|Saadawi at the Göteborg Book Fair na 2010]] Saadawi malitere ide ihe na mbido ọrụ ya. Ihe odide mbụ ya gụnyere ọtụtụ akụkọ dị mkpirikpi nke akpọrọ ''Amụtara m Ịhụnanya'' (1957) na akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya, ''Memoirs of a Woman Doctor'' (1958). O mechara dee ọtụtụ akwụkwọ akụkọ na obere akụkọ na akwụkwọ ncheta onwe ya, ''Memoir from the Women's Prison'' (1986). E bipụtala Saadawi n'ọtụtụ akwụkwọ akụkọ, a sụgharịkwara ọrụ ya site na Arabic mbụ gaa na ihe karịrị asụsụ 30.<ref>Van Allen, Judith Imel, [https://books.google.com/books?id=fy11AwAAQBAJ&dq=saadawi+translated+into+more+than+30+languages&pg=PT1369 "Saadawi, Nawal El (1931–)"], in Gary L. Anderson and Kathryn G. Herr (eds), ''Encyclopedia of Activism and Social Justice'', Sage Publications, 2007, pp. 1249–1250.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=El Saadawi, Nawal (1932–) {{!}} Encyclopedia.com |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/international/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/el-saadawi-nawal-1932 |access-date=15 May 2022 |website=www.encyclopedia.com}}</ref> Na 1972, o bipụtara akwụkwọ mbụ ya nke anaghị akụkọ ifo, ''Women and Sex'',<ref name="women" /> which evoked the antagonism of highly placed political and theological authorities.<ref name="Krajeski, The New Yorker" /> O mekwara ka a chụọ ya n'ọrụ na Ministri Ahụike.<ref name="women" /> Ọrụ ndị ọzọ gụnyere ''The Hidden Face of Eve'',<ref>{{cite book |title=The hidden face of Eve : women in the Arab world |oclc=924716956 }}</ref> ''God Dies by the Nile'',<ref>{{cite book |title=God dies by the Nile |oclc=12583064 }}</ref> ''The Circling Song'',<ref>{{cite book |title=The circling song |oclc=18587928 }}</ref> ''Searching'',<ref>{{cite book |title=Searching |oclc=24707056 }}</ref> ''The Fall of the Imam'' (a kọwara ya dị ka "mkpughe dị ike ma na-akpali akpali nke ihe egwu ndị ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụaka nwere ike ikpughe site na nkwenkwe okpukpe"),<ref>{{cite journal |first=Philip |last=Womack |author-link=Philip Womack |url=http://newhumanist.org.uk/2119/the-fall-of-the-imam-by-nawal-el-saadawi |title=The Fall of the Imam by Nawal El Saadawi (review) |journal=[[New Humanist]] |date=20 August 2009}}</ref> and ''Woman at Point Zero''.<!--{{Citation needed|date=March 2021}}--><ref>{{cite book|title=Woman at point zero |oclc=10887569 }}</ref> Ọtụtụ mmadụ akatọọla ọrụ ya bụ 'The Hidden Face of Eve' maka nkwupụta na ọ na-ede maka "onye mba ọzọ na-akatọ onye mba ọzọ".<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=Amireh |first=Amal |date=2000 |title=Framing Nawal El Saadawi: Arab Feminism in a Transnational World |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/495572 |journal=Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=215–249 |doi=10.1086/495572 |s2cid=143010343 |issn=0097-9740|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Aha mbụ nke akwụkwọ ahụ, nke a sụgharịrị ozugbo na Bekee bụ "Ihu Gbara Ọtọ nke Nwanyị Arab" ewepụrụkwa ọtụtụ isiakwụkwọ na mbipụta Bekee nke akwụkwọ ahụ, ma e jiri ya tụnyere nke mbụ nke Arabic ahụ.<ref name=":3" /> O tinyere aka na ihe nkiri "Mgbe nwanyị nupụrụ isi" na akwụkwọ akụkọ nke afọ 1984 ''Sisterhood Is Global'', nke edeziri site na onye deziri ya Robin Morgan,<ref name="global">{{cite web |url=https://catalog.vsc.edu/lscfind/Record/154795/TOC#tabnav |title=Sisterhood Is Global: Table of Contents |publisher=Catalog.vsc.edu |access-date=15 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208065459/https://catalog.vsc.edu/lscfind/Record/154795/TOC#tabnav |archive-date=8 December 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ma bụrụ onye tinyere aka na nchịkọta akụkọ nke afọ 2019 ''New Daughters of Africa'', edited by [[Margaret Busby]], nke gụnyere edemede ya "Banyere M n'Africa—Ndọrọ Ndọrọ Ọchịchị na Okpope n'oge Nwatakịrị M".<ref>[[Imani Perry|Perry, Imani]] (29 March 2019), [https://www.ft.com/content/2a4e64a8-508a-11e9-8f44-fe4a86c48b33 "New Daughters of Africa — a new anthology of a groundbreaking book"], ''[[Financial Times]]''.</ref><ref>Rocker-Clinton, Johnna (August 2019), [https://sanfranciscobookreview.com/product/new-daughters-of-africa-an-international-anthology-of-writing-by-women-of-african-descent/ "Margaret Busby does it again!"] (review of ''New Daughters of Africa: An International Anthology of Writing by Women of African Descent''), ''San Francisco Book Review''.</ref> E bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ Saadawi nke akpọrọ 'Zeina' na Lebanọn n'afọ 2009. E bipụtara nsụgharị French ahụ n'okpuru aha njirimara Nawal Zeinab el Sayed, site na iji aha nne ya mbụ.<ref>{{cite news|title=Radical writer back with vengeance|url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/world/africa/radical-writer-back-with-vengeance-1.486421/|work= The National|access-date=17 November 2014|date=7 September 2009}}</ref> Saadawi na-asụ asụsụ [[asụsụ Bekee|Bekee]] nke ọma, tinyere obodo ya.Egyptian Arabic.<ref>{{cite web|first=Hans Ulrich |last=Obrist|url=http://www.e-flux.com/journal/42/60256/in-conversation-with-nawal-el-saadawi/ |title=In Conversation with Nawal El Saadawi|website=e-flux Journal|number=42|date= February 2013}}</ref> Dịka o si dee ya n'asụsụ Arabic, ọ hụrụ ajụjụ nke ịtụgharị asụsụ Bekee ma ọ bụ French dị ka "nnukwu nsogbu" nke jikọtara ya na eziokwu ahụ bụ na <blockquote>"ike ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya bụ nke Bekee ma ọ bụ French na-asụkarị.... Ndị nwere nnukwu akwụkwọ n'ụwa ka na-eleghara m anya, n'ihi na m na-ede ihe n'asụsụ Arabic, nakwa n'ihi na m na-akatọ echiche ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya, nke onye na-achị obodo, nke onye na-akpa ókè agbụrụ, na nke ndị nna ochie nke ndị ọchịchị ukwu."<ref>{{cite web|first=Dele Meiji|last=Fatunla|url=http://newafricanmagazine.com/nawal-el-saadawi-identity-not-fixed/|title=Nawal El Saadawi: 'My identity is not fixed'|magazine=[[New African]]|date=30 June 2016|access-date=8 October 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170706045108/http://newafricanmagazine.com/nawal-el-saadawi-identity-not-fixed/|archive-date=6 July 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref></blockquote> Akwụkwọ ya ''Mufakirat Tifla fi Al-Khamisa wa Al-Thamaneen''(Akwụkwọ Ndetu nke Nwa agbọghọ dị afọ 85), nke dabere na ihe e dere n'akwụkwọ akụkọ ya, ka e bipụtara n'afọ 2017.<ref>{{cite web|first=Mahmoud |last=El-Wardani|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/18/62/273741/Books/Review/At-,-Nawal-ElSaadawi-writes-about-Nawal-ElSaadawi.aspx |title=At 85, Nawal El-Saadawi writes about Nawal El-Saadawi|website=Ahram Online|date= 5 August 2017}}</ref> == Echiche == ===Mmegide megide mmebi akụkụ ahụ nwoke na nwanyị=== Mgbe ọ dị obere, Saadawi mere usoro nke ebe ụmụ nwanyị na-ebipụ akụkụ ahụ ha.<ref>el-Saadawi, Nawal, ''The Hidden Face of Eve'', Part 1: The Mutilated Half.</ref> Mgbe ọ bụ okenye, o dere gbasara omume a ma katọọ ya. O zara ọnwụ nke otu nwa agbọghọ dị afọ iri na abụọ, Bedour Shaker, n'oge a na-eme ịwa ahụ maka ibi úgwù n'ime akụkụ ahụ mmadụ na 2007 site n'ide ihe: "Bedour, ị̀ nwụrụ anwụ ka ìhè wee nwuo n'uche ndị gbara ọchịchịrị? Ị ga-eji ndụ gị dị oké ọnụ ahịa kwụọ ụgwọ ... ka ndị dọkịta na ndị ụkọchukwu mụta na okpukpe ziri ezi anaghị ebipụ akụkụ ahụ ụmụaka?"<ref>Michael, Maggie, [https://web.archive.org/web/20070702171148/http://www.physorg.com/news102393179.html "Egypt Officials Ban Female Circumcision"<!-- Bot generated title -->], Phys.org, 30 June 2007. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070702171148/http://www.physorg.com/news102393179.html |date=2 July 2007 }}.</ref> Dịka dọkịta na onye na-akwado ikike mmadụ, Saadawi megidere ibi ụmụ nwoke úgwù. O kwenyere na ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị kwesịrị ka e chebe ha pụọ ​​na mmebi akụkụ ahụ ha.<ref name="theglobaldispatches">{{cite web|url=http://www.theglobaldispatches.com/articles/nawal-al-saadawi|first=Allston|last=Mitchell|title=Nawal al Saadawi|work=The Global Dispatches|date=16 May 2010|access-date=12 February 2014|archive-date=7 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170707223358/http://www.theglobaldispatches.com/articles/nawal-al-saadawi|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Ọchịchị mmadụ na Feminism === Saadawi kọwara onwe ya dị ka "onye na-akwado ụmụnwaanyị na soshal midia", na-ekwere na a pụghị imeri ọgụ ụmụnwaanyị n'okpuru ọchịchị kapitalizim.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Fawzy |first=Mary |date=7 May 2021 |title=The socialist feminism of Nawal El Saadawi |url=https://www.newframe.com/the-socialist-feminism-of-nawal-el-saadawi/ |access-date=22 December 2022 |website=New Frame}}</ref> Nkwenye a nke ndị otu ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya apụtala site n'ikpe na-ezighị ezi ọ hụrụ ná ndụ ya.<ref name=":4" /> N'akwụkwọ ya bụ 'The Zoro Ezo nke Eve', o dere gbasara otu a na-agaghị esi kewapụ ndụ mmekọahụ na nke mmetụta uche nke ndị mmadụ na ndụ akụnụba ha na mmepụta ha, ya mere iwu ọnọdụ onwe onye na mba Arab ga-abụrịrị ihe kacha mkpa nye ndị socialist.<ref>{{Citation |chapter=Introduction |date=2015 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350251076.0006 |title=The Hidden Face of Eve |publisher=Zed Books |doi=10.5040/9781350251076.0006 |isbn=978-0-90576-251-7 |access-date=22 December 2022|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name=":4" /> N'ajụjụ ọnụ a gbara ya na 2018, o kwuru na ya abụghị onye Marxist, ebe ọ gụchara akwụkwọ ya nke ọ chọpụtara na ọ na-enwe nsogbu na ya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nawal El Saadawi on feminism, fiction and the illusion of democracy |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=djMfFU7DIB8 |language=en |publisher=[[Channel 4 News]]|via=YouTube|date=13 June 2018|access-date=22 December 2022}}</ref> ===Okpukperechi=== N'ajụjụ ọnụ ya nke afọ 2014, Saadawi kwuru na "isi ihe kpatara mmegbu ụmụ nwanyị dị n'usoro ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya zuru ụwa ọnụ, nke okpukperechi kwadoro".<ref>{{Cite web|title = They don't want any really courageous people!|url = http://en.qantara.de/content/interview-with-nawal-el-saadawi-they-dont-want-any-really-courageous-people|website = Qantara.de - Dialogue with the Islamic World|access-date =5 November 2015|last = Fariborz|first = Arian|date =5 July 2014}}</ref> Mgbe ọtụtụ narị mmadụ nwụrụ n'ihe a kpọr "stampede" n'oge njem njem 2015 (Hajj) nke ndị Alakụba gaa Mecca, Saudi Arabia, o kwuru, sị: <blockquote>"Ha na-ekwu maka ịgbanwe ụzọ e si achịkwa Hajj, gbasara ime ka ndị mmadụ na-eme njem n'obere ìgwè. Ihe ha na-ekwughị bụ na ihe a mere n'ihi na ndị a na-alụ ọgụ ịtụ ekwensu nkume. Gịnị mere ha ji kwesị ịtụ ekwensu nkume? Gịnị mere ha ji kwesị isusu nkume ojii ahụ ọnụ? Mana ọ dịghị onye ga-ekwu nke a. Ndị mgbasa ozi agaghị ebipụta ya. Gịnị ka ọ bụ, enweghị mmasị ịkatọ okpukpe? ... Ọjụjụ a ịkatọ okpukpe ... abụghị liberalism. Nke a bụ mmachibido iwu."<ref name=Cooke /></blockquote> O kwuru na ihe ndị dị na Hajj, dịka isusu Okute Ojii ọnụ, nwere mgbọrọgwụ ndị ọgọ mmụọ tupu okpukpe Islam.<ref>Fiona Lloyd-Davies, [https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/correspondent/1619902.stm "No compromise"], ''Correspondent'', BBC News, 26 October 2001.</ref> Saadawi was involved in the academic exploration of Arab identity throughout her writing career.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Hanadi|first1=Al-Samman|title=Diasporic Na(rra)tions: Arab Women Rewriting Exile|date=2000|publisher=[[Indiana University]]|page=25}}</ref> Saadawi kọwara mkpuchi ihu nke ndị Alakụba dị ka "ngwaọrụ mmegbu ụmụ nwanyị".<ref name="theglobaldispatches" /> ===Ebumnuche nke ụmụ nwanyị=== Ọ katọrọkwa ihe megidere ihe ndị e ji mara ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ nwanyị n'usoro mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya nke a na-ahụkarị na Yuropu na US,<ref>{{cite book|last1=El Saadawi|first1=Nawal|title=The Nawal El Saadawi Reader|publisher=Zed Books|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r9SPVEG3cv0C|date=1997|isbn=9781856495141|access-date=8 April 2015}}</ref> na-akpasu ndị otu nwanyị ibe ha iwe site n'ikwu okwu megide etemeete na uwe ndị na-ekpughe ihe.<ref name=taylor/> ===United States=== N'okwu nkuzi nke afọ 2002 na Mahadum California na Berkeley's Center for Middle Eastern Studies, Saadawi kọwara agha nke US duziri megide Afghanistan dị ka "agha iji mee ihe n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi na mmanụ dị na mpaghara ahụ", na amụma mba ofesi nke US na nkwado ya nye Israel dị ka "ezigbo iyi ọha egwu.".<ref>{{cite web|last1=Pasquini|first1=Elaine|title=El Saadawi Calls U.S. Foreign Policy 'Real Terrorism'|url=https://www.questia.com/magazine/1P3-110120822/el-saadawi-calls-u-s-foreign-policy-real-terrorism|via=|work=Washington Report on Middle East Affairs|date=March 2002|access-date=|archive-date=9 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160409040731/https://www.questia.com/magazine/1P3-110120822/el-saadawi-calls-u-s-foreign-policy-real-terrorism|url-status=dead}}</ref> Saadawi held the opinion that Egyptians are forced into poverty by US aid.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Nielsen|first1=Nikolaj|title=Nawal El Saadawi: 'I am against stability. We need revolution'|url=http://chronikler.com/middle-east/egypt/nawal-el-saadawi-interview/|access-date=19 November 2014|work=The Chronikler|date=11 July 2013}}</ref> ==Fim== Saadawi bụ isiokwu nke ihe nkiri "She Speaked the Unspeakable", nke [[Jill Nicholls]] duziri, nke a na-agbasa na February 2017 na usoro ihe nkiri telivishọn [[BBC One]] ''[[Imagine (usoro ihe nkiri TV)|Imagine]]''.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b08g7hr8 "She Spoke the Unspeakable"], BBC One, ''Imagine'', Winter 2017. [http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x5cu7f1 Via] [[Dailymotion]].</ref> ==Ọnwụ== Saadawi nwụrụ n'abalị iri abụọ na otu nke ọnwa Maachị afọ 2021, mgbe ọ dị afọ iri asatọ na itoolu, n'ụlọọgwụ dị na Cairo.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://english.ahram.org.eg/News/407474.aspx|title=Renowned Egyptian feminist, author Nawal El-Saadawi dies at the age of 89|website=[[Ahram Online]]|first=Mohammed |last=Saad |date=21 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://egyptianstreets.com/2021/03/21/pioneering-egyptian-feminist-nawal-el-saadawi-dies-aged-89/|title=Pioneering Egyptian Feminist Nawal El Saadawi Dies Aged 89|website=[[Egyptian Streets]]|date=21 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/1829281/offbeat |title=Arab author, women's rights icon Nawal El-Saadawi dies in Cairo |website=Arab News |date=21 March 2021 }}</ref> Her life was commemorated on [[BBC Radio 4]]'s obituary programme ''[[Last Word]]''.<ref>{{cite episode| title= Nawal El Saadawi (pictured), Brigadier Jack Thomas, President John Magufuli, Ion Mihai Pacepa| series= [[Last Word]]| credits= Producer: Neil George; Interviewed guests: [[Mona Eltahawy]], Sally Nabil| station= BBC Radio 4| airdate= 26 March 2021| url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/m000tg67 | access-date= 28 March 2021 }}</ref> ==Ihe nrite na nsọpụrụ ahọpụtara== *2004: [[North–South Prize site na [[Council of Europe]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.coe.int/en/web/north-south-centre/previous-laureates-of-the-north-south-prize|title=Previous laureates of the North-South Prize|publisher=Council of Europe|website=coe.int}}</ref> *2005: Inana International Prize, Belgium<ref name="auto1"/> *2007: Honorary Doctorate, [[Vrije Universiteit Brussel]], Belgium<ref>{{cite book|chapter-url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-1-137-58730-5_4|publisher=Nawal El Saadawi|doi=10.1007/978-1-137-58730-5_4|title=Diary of a Child Called Souad|year=2016|last1=El Saadawi|first1=Nawal|chapter=Nawal el Saadawi and a History of Oppression: Brief Biographical Facts |pages=153–158|isbn=978-1-137-58936-1}}</ref> *2007: Honorary Doctorate, [[Université libre de Bruxelles]], Belgium<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ulb.be/en/about-ulb/ulbs-honorary-doctorates|title=ULB's honorary doctorates|website=ulb.be|publisher=Université libre de Bruxelles}}</ref> *2010: Honorary Doctorate, [[National Autonomous University of Mexico]], Mexico<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.barrons.com/news/author-physician-nawal-el-saadawi-egypt-s-critic-of-taboos-01616337305?tesla=y|title=Author, Physician Nawal El-Saadawi, Egypt's Critic Of Taboos|website=barrons.com|first=Farid|last= Farid|publisher=Barron's|date=21 March 2021}}</ref> *2011: [[Stig Dagerman Prize]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://blog.svd.se/kultur/2012/01/09/motvillig-el-saadawi-far-dagermanpriset/ |title=Motvillig El Saadawi får Dagermanpriset |work=[[SvD]] |language=sv |date=9 January 2012 |access-date=27 October 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aftonbladet.se/kultur/article14833794.ab |title=Lydnad är ett dödligt gift |work=Kultur |language=sv |date=15 May 2012 |access-date=27 October 2012}}</ref> *2012: [[Seán MacBride Peace Prize]]<ref name="auto2"/> *2015: [[BBC's 100 Women]]<ref name="bbc">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-34745739|title=BBC 100 Women 2015: Who is on the list?|date=17 November 2015|work=BBC News|access-date=3 August 2019|language=en-GB}}</ref> *2020: ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]''{{'}}s 100 Women of the Year (1981)<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://time.com/5793662/nawal-el-saadawi-100-women-of-the-year/ |title=1981: Nawal El Saadawi |magazine=Time |date=5 March 2020 }}</ref> ==Ọrụ ndị ahọpụtara== Saadawi dere ihe nke ọma, wee tinye ụfọdụ n'ime ọrụ ya n'ịntanetị.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Amireh |first=Amal |date=2000 |title=Framing Nawal El Saadawi: Arab Feminism in a Transnational World |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3175385 |journal=Signs |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=215–249 |doi=10.1086/495572 |jstor=3175385 |s2cid=143010343 |issn=0097-9740|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Saiti |first1=Ramzi |last2=Salti |first2=Ramzi M. |date=1994 |title=Paradise, Heaven, and Other Oppressive Spaces: A Critical Examination of the Life and Works of Nawal el-Saadawi |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4183334 |journal=Journal of Arabic Literature |volume=25 |issue=2 |pages=152–174 |doi=10.1163/157006494X00059 |jstor=4183334 |issn=0085-2376|url-access=subscription }}</ref> '''Akwụkwọ akụkọ na akwụkwọ akụkọ''' * ''Mudhakkirat tabiba'' (Cairo, 1958). ''Memoirs of a Woman Doctor'', trans. [[Catherine Cobham]] (Saqi Books, 1988) * ''Al ghayib'' (Cairo, 1965). ''Searching'', trans. Shirley Eber (Zed Books, 1991) * ''Imra'tani fi-Imra'a'' (Cairo, 1968). ''Two Women in One'', trans. [[Osman Nusairi]] and Jana Gough (Saqi Books, 1985) * ''Maut ar-raǧul al-waḥīd ʿala ‚l-arḍ'' (1974). ''[[God Dies by the Nile]]'', trans. [[Sherif Hetata]] (Zed Books, 1985) * ''Al-khait wa'ayn al-hayat'' (Cairo, 1976). ''The Well of Life and the Thread: Two Short Novels'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Lime Tree, 1993) * ''Ughniyat al-atfal al da iriyah'' (Beirut: Dar al-Adab, 1977). ''The Circling Song'', trans. Marilyn Booth (Zed Books, 1989) * ''Emra'a enda noktat el sifr'' (Beirut: Dar al-Adab, 1977). ''[[Woman at Point Zero]]'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Zed Books, 1983) * ''Mawt Ma'ali al-Wazir Sabiqan'' (1980). ''Death of an Ex-Minister'', trans. Shirley Eber (Methuen, 1987) * ''Suqūṭ al-imām'' (Cairo, 1987). ''[[The Fall of the Imam]]'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Methuen, 1988) * ''Jann āt wa-Iblīs'' (Beirut, 1992). ''The Innocence of the Devil'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Methuen, 1994) * ''Ḥubb fī zaman al-naf̣t'' (Cairo, 1993). ''Love in the Kingdom of Oil'', trans. [[Basil Hatim]] and Malcolm Williams (Saqi Books, 2001) * ''Al-Riwayah'' (Cairo: Dar El Hilal, 2004). ''The Novel'', trans. [[Omnia Amin]] and [[Rick London]] (Interlink Books, 2009) * ''Zeina'' (Beirut: Dar Al Saqi, 2009). ''Zeina'', trans. [[Amira Nowaira]] (Saqi Books, 2011) '''Nchịkọta akụkọ dị mkpirikpi''' * ''Ta'allamt al-hubb'' (Cairo, 1957). ''I Learned Love'' * ''Lahzat sidq'' (Cairo, 1959). ''Moment of Truth'' * ''Little Tenderness'' (Cairo, 1960) * ''al-Khayt wa-l-jidar'' (1972). ''The Thread and the Wall'' * ''Ain El Hayat'' (Beirut, 1976) * ''Kānat hiya al-aḍʻaf'' ["She Was the Weaker"] (1979). ''She Has No Place in Paradise'', trans. Shirley Eber (Methuen, 1987). Includes three additional stories: "She Has No Place in Paradise", "Two Women Friends", and "'Beautiful'". * ''Adab Am Kellet Abad'' (Cairo, 2000) '''Egwuregwu''' * ''Ithna 'ashar imra'a fi zinzana wahida'' (Cairo, 1984). ''Twelve Women in a Cell'' * ''Isis'' (Cairo, 1985) * ''God Resigns in the Summit Meeting'' (1996), published by Madbouli, and four other plays included in her ''Collected Works'' (45 books in Arabic), Cairo: Madbouli, 2007 * ''Twelve Women in a Cell: Plays by Mediterranean Women'' (Aurora Metro Books, 1994) '''Ihe ncheta''' * ''Mudhakkirat fi Sijn al-Nisa'' (Cairo, 1983). ''Memoirs from the Women's Prison'', trans. Marilyn Booth ([[The Women's Press]], 1986) * ''Rihlati hawla al-'alam'' (Cairo, 1986). ''My Travels Around the World'', trans. Shirley Eber (Methuen, 1991) * ''Memoirs of a Child Called Soad'' (Cairo, 1990) * ''Awraqi hayati'', first volume (Cairo, 1995). ''A Daughter of Isis'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Zed Books, 1999) * ''Awraqi hayati'', second volume (Cairo, 1998). ''Walking Through Fire'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Zed Books, 2002) * ''My Life, Part III'' (Cairo, 2001) '''Akụkọ na-abụghị akụkọ ifo''' * ''Women and Sex'' (Cairo, 1969) * ''Woman Is the Origin'' (Cairo, 1971) * ''Men and Sex'' (Cairo, 1973) * ''The Naked Face of Arab Women'' (Cairo, 1974) * ''Women and Neurosis'' (Cairo, 1975) * ''Al-Wajh al-'ari lil-mar'a al-'arabiyy'' (1977). ''The Hidden Face of Eve: Women in the Arab World'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Zed Press, 1980) * ''On Women'' (Cairo, 1986) * ''A New Battle in Arab Women Liberation'' (Cairo, 1992) * ''Collection of Essays'' (Cairo, 1998) * ''Collection of Essays'' (Cairo, 2001) * ''Breaking Down Barriers'' (Cairo, 2004) '''Compilations in English''' * ''Plays by Mediterranean Women'' (Aurora Metro Books, 1994, {{ISBN|978-0-9515877-3-7}}) * ''North/South: The Nawal El Saadawi Reader'' (Zed Books, 1997) * ''Off Limits: New Writings on Fear and Sin'' (Gingko Library, 2019, {{ISBN|978-88-87847-16-1}}) == Hụkwa ==   *   *   *   * Thesis/dissertation.  <templatestyles src="Module:Side box/styles.css"></templatestyles> * Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Nawal El Saadawi na archive.org * Adele Newson-Horst, "[https://www.worldliteraturetoday.org/blog/literary-tributes/remembering-nawal-el-saadawi-adele-newson-horst "Ịcheta Nawal El Saadawi"]", World Literature Today, 24 March 2021. * [[Ernest Emenyonu]], "NAWAL EL SAADAWI: Ndụ na edemede (Ọktoba 27, 1931 - Machị 21, 2021) ", Boydell na Brewer, 13 Mee 2021. [[Otú:Articles with hCards]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] jbncw5mr03aw5vvvmq30fc1iinmh04c 736896 736895 2026-10-09T07:42:37Z Adimora chidinma 15845 /* Fim */ 736896 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}   '''Nawal El Saadawi''' ({{langx|ar|نوال السعداوي}}, {{ALA-LC|arz|Nawāl as-Saʿdāwī}};27 Ọktoba 1931 – 21 Maachị 2021) bụ onye edemede feminist nke Ijipt, activist, disciatist, na psychiatrist. O dere ọtụtụ akwụkwọ gbasara ụmụ nwanyị na Islam, na-elekwasị anya n'okwu ndị metụtara ụmụ nwanyị na Global South, gụnyere sexuality, patriarchy social class, na colonialism.<ref name=":3" /> Ọ bụ onye hiwere ma bụrụkwa onyeisi oche nke otu Arab Women's Solidarity Association.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2 March 2015|title=Nawal El Saadawi|url=https://orgs.law.harvard.edu/womeninspiringchange/2015-honorees/nawal-el-saadawi/|access-date=9 October 2020|website=Women Inspiring Change|language=en-US|archive-date=18 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201218120145/https://orgs.law.harvard.edu/womeninspiringchange/2015-honorees/nawal-el-saadawi/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>Hitchcock, Peter; El Saadawi, Nawal; Hatata, Sherif. "Living the Struggle". ''Transition'' 61 (1993): 170–179.</ref> Ọ bụkwa onye hiwere Arab Association for Human Rights.<ref>Nawal El Saadawi, "Presentation by Nawal El Saadawi: President's Forum, M/MLA Annual Convention, November 4, 1999", ''The Journal of the Midwest Modern Language Association'' 33.3–34.1 (Autumn 2000 – Winter 2001): 34–39.</ref> O nwetara akara ugo mmụta nsọpụrụ site na mahadum dị na kọntinent atọ. Na 2004, Kọnsụl nke Yuropu nyere ya North–South Prize. Na 2005, o nwetara ihe nrite mba ụwa Inana na Belgium.<ref name="auto1">[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jue04c1_wkY "PEN World Voices Arthur Miller Freedom to Write Lecture by Nawal El Saadawi"], YouTube. 8 September 2009.</ref> Na 2012, International Peace Bureau nyere ya onyinye Seán MacBride Peace Prize.<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web|title=International Peace Bureau|url=http://www.ipb.org/web/index.php?mostra=news&menu=home&id_nom=IPB+to+award+2012+Sean+MacBride+Peace+Prize+to+Nawal+El-Sadaawi+and+Lina+Ben+Mhenni|website=www.ipb.org|access-date=25 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925221701/http://www.ipb.org/web/index.php?mostra=news&menu=home&id_nom=IPB+to+award+2012+Sean+MacBride+Peace+Prize+to+Nawal+El-Sadaawi+and+Lina+Ben+Mhenni|archive-date=25 September 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ndụ mbido == A mụrụ Saadawi, onye nke abụọ n'ime ụmụ itoolu, na 27 Ọktoba 1931 n'obodo nta dị na Kafr Tahla, [[Egypt]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/mar/22/nawal-el-saadawi-obituary|title=Nawal El Saadawi obituary|date=22 March 2021|first=Sarah A|last= Smith|website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Elkhatib |first1=Sameh |title=Egyptian feminist and author el-Saadawi dies at 89 |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/egyptian-feminist-author-el-saadawi-dies-89-2021-03-22/ |website=Reuters |access-date=24 March 2026}}</ref> E mere Saadawi ebe ụmụ nwanyị bi n'ime akụkụ ahụ ha <ref name=Khaleeli /> at the age of six,<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last1=Sa'dawi|first1=Nawal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I9vqMossOjoC|title=A Daughter of Isis: The Autobiography of Nawal El Saadawi|last2=Saadawi|first2=Nawal El|last3=Saʻdāwī|first3=Nawāl|last4=Saʿdāwī|first4=Nawāl as-|date=1999|publisher=[[Zed Books]]|isbn=978-1-85649-680-3|pages=63–87|language=en}}</ref> ọ bụ ezie na nna ya kwenyere na ụmụ agbọghọ na ụmụ nwoke kwesịrị ịgụ akwụkwọ. O kwuru na nne na nna ya bụ ndị nwere nnwere onwe mgbe ha na-etolite.<ref name=":1"/> Nna ya Upper Egypt bụ onye ọrụ gọọmentị na [[w:Ministry of Education (Egypt)|Ministry of Education]], onye lụsoro ọgụ megide British rebel Egypt n'oge Egypt Revolution of 1919. N'ihi ya, a chụpụrụ ya n'obodo nta dị na Naịl, gọọmentị ekweghịkwa ịkwalite ya ruo afọ 10. Ọ bụ onye na-aga n'ihu ma kụziere nwa ya nwanyị ịkwanyere onwe ya ùgwù na ikwu okwu n'uche ya. Ọ gbakwara ya ume ka ọ mụọ asụsụ Arabik. Agbanyeghị, mgbe El Saadawi dị afọ 10, ezinụlọ ya gbalịrị ime ka ọ lụọ di, mana nne ya kwadoro ya n'ịjụ.<ref name=taylor>{{Cite news |title=Nawal El Saadawi: Feminist firebrand who dared to write dangerously (obituary) |last=Taylor-Coleman |first=Jasmine |website=BBC News |date=21 March 2021 |url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-55048245}}</ref> Both her parents died at a young age,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Nawal El Saadawi|url=http://faculty.webster.edu/woolflm/saadawi.html|access-date=25 September 2015|website=faculty.webster.edu|archive-date=2 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170602080913/http://faculty.webster.edu/woolflm/saadawi.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>{{Unreliable source?|date=September 2021|sure=y|reason=This is an unpublished undergraduate student assignment paper}} na-ahapụ Saadawi naanị ibu ọrụ nke ilekọta ezinụlọ buru ibu.<ref name="bornexile">{{Cite web |url=http://www.nawalsaadawi.net/oldsite/articlesnawal/bornexile.htm |title=Exile and Resistance |first=Nawal |last=El Saadaw|website=Nawal El Saadawi/Sherif Hetata |date=November 2002|access-date=23 June 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091027223127/http://www.nawalsaadawi.net/oldsite/articlesnawal/bornexile.htm |archive-date=27 October 2009 |url-status=usurped }}</ref> Nne ya, Zaynab, sitere n'agbụrụ bara ọgaranya [[w:Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]];<ref>{{cite news|last=Cowell|first=Alan |author-link=Alan Cowell |year=2021|title=Nawal El Saadawi, Advocate for Women in the Arab World, Dies at 89 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/21/obituaries/nawal-el-saadawi-dead.html|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|quote=Nawal El Saadawi was born on Oct. 27, 1931, in the village of Kafr Tahla, a settlement in the lower Nile Delta, the second of nine children. Her mother, Zaynab (Shoukry) El Saadawi, was partially descended from a wealthy Ottoman family. Her father, Al-Sayed El Saadawi, was an official in the government’s education ministry. }}</ref> Saadawi kọwara nna nna ya nke nne ya, Shoukry,<ref>{{cite book|first=Nawal|last= El Saadawi|year=2013|title=A Daughter of Isis: The Early Life of Nawal El Saadawi|publisher=Zed Books|isbn=978-1848136403}}</ref> na nne nne ya dị ka onye Ottoman si malite.<ref name="CaliforniaUni">{{citation|first=Nawal|last= El Saadawi|year=1986|title=Memoirs from the Women's Prison|publisher=University of California Press|page=64|quote= "My eyes widened in astonishment. Even my maternal grandmother used to sing, although she was born to a Turkish mother and lived in my grandfather's house in the epoch when harems still existed." |isbn=0520088883}}</ref> Ọbụna mgbe ọ bụ nwata, ọ katọrọ obodo ndị nwoke bi na ya, ebe ụmụ nwoke ji ha kpọrọ ihe karịa ụmụ nwanyị, na-emeghachi omume n'iwe nye nne nne ya, onye kwuru na "nwoke bara uru ụmụ nwanyị iri na ise ma ọ dịkarịa ala... Ụmụ agbọghọ bụ nsogbu".<ref name=taylor/> O ji nganga kọwaa onwe ya dị ka nwanyị Ijipt agba ọchịchịrị kemgbe ọ dị obere.<ref>{{Citation|url=https://zora.medium.com/my-childhood-in-egypt-not-knowing-i-was-in-africa-27580b07a93b|title=My Childhood in Egypt, Not Knowing I Was in Africa|first=Nawal|last=El Saadawi|website=zora.medium.com|date=13 June 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=New Daughters of Africa|chapter=About Me in Africa—Politics and Religion in my Childhood|editor-first=Margaret|first=El Saadawi|last=Nawal|editor-last=Busby|publisher=[[Myriad Editions]]|edition=paperback|pages=42–44|date=2020}}</ref> == Career == Saadawi graduated as a medical doctor in 1955 from [[Cairo University]]. That year, she married Ahmed Helmi, whom she met as a fellow student in medical school. They have a daughter, Mona Helmi.<ref name=Khaleeli/> The marriage ended after two years.<ref name=JoISR>{{cite journal|first=Yusuf|last=Koseli|title=A PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH TO THE NOVEL OF NAWAL EL SAADAWI TITLED MÜZEKKİRAT TABİBE|journal=The Journal of International Social Research|date=2013|volume=6|issue=28|url=http://www.sosyalarastirmalar.com/cilt6/cilt6sayi28_pdf/koseli_yusuf.pdf|access-date=15 April 2020}}</ref><ref name=Khaleeli>{{Cite web|title = Nawal El Saadawi: Egypt's radical feminist|url = https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2010/apr/15/nawal-el-saadawi-egyptian-feminist|website =The Guardian|date= 15 April 2010|access-date =15 April 2020|first = Homa|last = Khaleeli}}</ref> Through her medical practice, she observed women's physical and psychological problems and connected them with oppressive cultural practices, patriarchal oppression, class oppression and imperialist oppression.<ref name="women">[http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/1999/462/women.htm Feminism in a nationalist century] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100419040800/http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/1999/462/women.htm |date=19 April 2010 }}</ref> Her second husband was a colleague, Rashad Bey.<ref name=JoISR/><ref>{{cite thesis|url=https://www.academia.edu/23224495|title=Voice of Oppressed from the Margins: A Critical Reading on Nawal El Saadawi's "Woman at Point Zero"|last=Puthiyakath|first=Hashim H.|publisher=[[Central University of Tamil Nadu]]|access-date=15 April 2020}}</ref> While working as a doctor in her birthplace of Kafr Tahla, she observed the hardships and inequalities faced by rural women. After attempting to protect one of her patients from [[domestic violence]], Saadawi was summoned back to Cairo. She eventually became the Director of the Ministry of [[public health|Public Health]] and met her third husband, [[Sherif Hatata]], while sharing an office in the Ministry of Health. Hatata, also a medical doctor and writer, had been a [[political prisoner]] for 13 years. They married in 1964 and have a son.<ref name="bornexile"/><ref name=Khaleeli/> Saadawi and Hatata lived together for 43 years<ref name=Cooke>{{cite web|last1=Cooke|first1=Rachel|title=Nawal El Saadawi: 'Do you feel you are liberated? I feel I am not'|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/oct/11/nawal-el-saadawi-interview-do-you-feel-you-are-liberated-not|work=[[The Observer]]|date=11 October 2015|access-date=15 April 2020}}</ref> and divorced in 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/18/62/99644/Books/Review/ElSaadawi-and-Hatata-Voyage-of-a-lifetime.aspx|title=El-Saadawi and Hatata: Voyage of a lifetime|date=24 April 2014|publisher=Ahram Online|first=Mahmoud |last=El-Wardani|access-date=15 April 2020}}</ref> [[File:Shirin Ershadi, Shirin Ebadi and Nawal el-Saadawi (2413951897).jpg|thumb|[[Shirin Ershadi]], [[Shirin Ebadi]] and Nawal el-Saadawi]] Saadawi attended [[Columbia University]], earning a master's degree in public health in 1966.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Smith|first=Harrison|date=23 March 2021|title=Nawal El Saadawi, Egyptian author, physician and feminist activist, dies at 89|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/nawal-el-saadawi-dead/2021/03/23/43c7c250-8b19-11eb-a730-1b4ed9656258_story.html|access-date=16 June 2021}}</ref> In 1972, she published ''Woman and Sex'' ({{lang|ar|المرأة والجنس}}), confronting and contextualising various aggressions perpetrated against women's bodies, including female circumcision. The book became a foundational text of [[second-wave feminism]]. As a consequence of the book and her political activities, Saadawi was dismissed from her position at the Ministry of Health.<ref name="women" /> She also lost her positions as chief editor of a health journal, and as Assistant General Secretary in the Medical Association in Egypt. From 1973 to 1976, Saadawi worked on researching women and [[neurosis]] in [[Ain Shams University]]'s Faculty of Medicine. From 1979 to 1980, she was the [[United Nations]] Advisor for the Women's Programme in Africa (ECA) and the Middle East (ECWA).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://scholarblogs.emory.edu/postcolonialstudies/2014/06/11/saadawi-nawal-el-2/|title=Saadawi, Nawal el – Postcolonial Studies|website=scholarblogs.emory.edu|language=en-US|access-date=31 July 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r9SPVEG3cv0C&q=Nawal+Saadawi+united+nations+advisor+1979&pg=PR1|title=The Nawal El Saadawi Reader|last=Saʻdāwī|first=Nawāl|date=15 December 1997|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=9781856495141|language=en}}</ref> === Ikpe ụlọ ikpe megide ya === Na 2002, Nabih el-Wahsh mere mgbalị iwu n'ụlọ ikpe Ijipt ịgba el-Saadawi alụkwaghịm n'aka di ya n'ụzọ iwu kwadoro n'ihi [[w:hisbah|hesba]], ụkpụrụ nke narị afọ nke 9 nke shariah law, nke na-ekwe ka a mara ndị Alakụba a na-ahụ na ha na-emebi Islam ikpe. Ihe akaebe e ji megide ya bụ ajụjụ ọnụ nke Machị ebe el-Wahsh kwuru na ọ gbahapụrụ Islam. Mgbalị iwu ahụ agaghị nke ọma.<ref name=Khaleeli /><ref>{{Cite web |date=18 June 2001 |title=Cairo writer threatened with divorce |url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2001/jun/18/internationaleducationnews.highereducation |access-date=22 December 2022 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref> N'afọ 2008, e mere otu ihe ahụ iji napụ el-Saadawi mba Ijipt ya n'ihi echiche na ihe odide ya siri ike, mgbalị a agaghịkwa enwe isi.<ref name=Khaleeli /> === Mkpọrọ === Kemgbe gọọmentị Ijipt lere ya anya dị ka ihe na-ese okwu ma dị ize ndụ, Saadawi nyere aka bipụta akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị otu nwanyị na 1981 nke akpọrọ ''Confrontation.'' President of Egypt Anwar Sadat tụrụ ya mkpọrọ na Septemba.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Uglow|first1=Jennifer S.|author2=Maggy Hendry|title=The Northeastern Dictionary of Women's Biography|url=https://archive.org/details/northeasterndict0000uglo|url-access=registration|year=1999|publisher=Northeastern University Press|isbn= 9781555534219|pages=[https://archive.org/details/northeasterndict0000uglo/page/189 189]–190}}</ref> Saadawi kwuru otu oge n'ajụjụ ọnụ a gbara ya: "E jidere m n'ihi na ekwere m Sadat. O kwuru na e nwere ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na anyị nwere usoro ọtụtụ pati, ị nwekwara ike ịkatọ ya. Ya mere, amalitere m ịkatọ iwu ya, m wee banye n'ụlọ mkpọrọ." Sadat kwuru na ọchịchị e guzobere bụ ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya maka ndị mmadụ, nakwa na ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya dị njikere maka nkatọ bara uru. Dịka Saadawi si kwuo, Sadat tụrụ ya mkpọrọ n'ihi nkatọ ya maka ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya. Ọbụna n'ụlọ mkpọrọ, ọ ka chọtara ụzọ isi lụso mmegbu ụmụ nwanyị ọgụ. Mgbe ọ nọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ, o guzobere otu Arab Women's Solidarity Association. Nke a bụ otu mbụ iwu kwadoro na nke nwere onwe ya na Egypt. N'ụlọ mkpọrọ, a jụrụ ya pen na akwụkwọ, agbanyeghị, nke ahụ egbochighị ya ịnọgide na-ede ihe. O jiri "pensụl nku anya ojii siri ike" na "obere akwụkwọ mposi ochie na nke gbawara agbawa" dekọọ echiche ya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Interview with Nawal el aasawi|url=http://www.nyu.edu/classes/keefer/twenty/nawal.html|last=Network|first=Vile News|date=2015|access-date=26 April 2020}}</ref> A tọhapụrụ ya n'afọ ahụ, otu ọnwa ka e gbusịrị Onyeisiala. Banyere ahụmịhe ya, o dere, sị: "Ihe ize ndụ abụrụla akụkụ nke ndụ m kemgbe m were mkpịsị akwụkwọ wee dee ihe. Ọ dịghị ihe dị ize ndụ karịa eziokwu n'ụwa nke dị ụgha."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/2001/06/03/stories/13030786.htm |title=Egypt's face of courage |work=The Hindu|first=Kalpana|last=Sharma|date=3 June 2001|access-date=25 September 2013 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041030002518/http://www.hinduonnet.com/2001/06/03/stories/13030786.htm |archive-date=30 October 2004 }}</ref> Na afọ 1982, o hiwere otu Arab Women's Solidarity Association.<ref>Hussey, Sierra, [https://www.sahistory.org.za/archive/biography-nawal-el-saadawi-sierra-hussey "Biography of Nawal El Saadawi"], South African History Online.</ref> Ọ kọwara otu ya dị ka "onye akụkọ ihe mere eme, onye na-akwado ọchịchị ọha, na onye na-akwado ikike ụmụ nwanyị".<ref>{{cite magazine |url= https://www.aljadid.com/node/2254|title= Nawal El-Saadawi's 'Daughter of Isis' Life and Times via the Plenitude of Her Writings |first=D.H. |last=Melhem|website=Al Jadid Magazine|volume= 5|number= 29|date=Autumn 1999|access-date=22 March 2021}}</ref> Saadawi bụ otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị e jidere n'ụlọ mkpọrọ ụmụ nwanyị Qanatir. Mkpọrọ ya bụ ntọala maka afọ 1983 ya. ''Memoirs from the Women's Prison'' ({{langx|ar|مذكرات في سجن النساء }}). Mkparịta ụka ya na onye mkpọrọ nọ na Qanatir, afọ itoolu tupu a tụọ ya mkpọrọ ebe ahụ, bụ ihe mkpali maka ọrụ mbụ ya, akwụkwọ akụkọ akpọrọ aha ya bụ ''Woman at Point Zero'' ({{langx|ar|امرأة عند نقطة الصفر}}, 1975).<ref name="Krajeski, The New Yorker">{{Cite magazine|url=http://www.newyorker.com/books/page-turner/the-books-of-nawal-el-saadawi|title=The Books of Nawal El Saadawi|magazine=[[The New Yorker]]|first=Jenna|last=Krajeski|date=7 March 2011|access-date=31 July 2017}}</ref> === Mkpagbu ndị ọzọ, nkuzi na US, na ngagharị iwe ndị ọzọ mechara mee === Na 1993, mgbe ndị Alakụba na mkpagbu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị yiri ndụ ya egwu, a manyere Saadawi ịgbapụ n'Ijipt. Ọ nabatara onyinye ịkụzi ihe na Ngalaba Asụsụ Eshia na Afrịka nke Mahadum Duke dị na [[North Carolina]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Former Visiting Professor in Court, Under Fire in Egypt|url=https://today.duke.edu/2001/06/el-saadawi629.html|date=29 June 2001|website=Duke Today|publisher=Duke University|access-date=1 April 2021|language=en}}</ref><ref name=BMJ>Dr Dora Carpenter-Latiri, [http://blogs.bmj.com/medical-humanities/2015/11/11/the-reading-room-a-review-of-memoirs-of-a-woman-doctor/ "The Reading Room: A review of ‘Memoirs of a woman doctor{{'"}}], ''BMJ'' Blog, 11 November 2015.</ref> nakwa na Mahadum Washington. O mechara nọrọ n'ọtụtụ kọleji na mahadum ndị a ma ama dịka Mahadum Cairo, Harvard, Yale, [[w:Mahadum Columbia|Columbia]], [[w:Mahadum Paris|Sorbonne]], [[w:Mahadum Georgetown|Georgetown]], Mahadum Steeti Florida, na Mahadum California, Berkeley. Na 1996, ọ laghachiri Ijipt.<ref name="BMJ"/><ref>{{cite web|last=Ling|first= Jessica |url=http://www.warscapes.com/blog/today-history-happy-85th-birthday-nawal-el-saadawi |title=Today in History: Happy 85th Birthday, Nawal El Saadawi!|website=Warscapes|date=27 October 2016}}</ref> Saadawi gara n'ihu na-akwado ya ma chee echiche ịzọ ọkwa na 2005 ntuli aka onyeisiala Ijipt, tupu ọ pụọ n'ihi ihe siri ike achọrọ maka ndị ga-azọ ọkwa nke mbụ.<ref>[https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2005/7/16/egypt-presidential-aspirant-pulls-out "Egypt presidential aspirant pulls out"], AlJazeera, 16 July 2005. Retrieved 21 July 2021.</ref> O so n'ime ndị ngagharị iwe na Tahrir Square na 2011.<ref>{{cite web|first=Elizabeth |last=Rubin|url=http://www.newsweek.com/2011/03/06/the-feminists-in-the-middle-of-tahrir-square.html |title=The Feminists in the Middle of Tahrir Square|work=[[Newsweek]]|date= 6 March 2011}}</ref> O kwuru ka a kwụsị nkuzi okpukperechi n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị Ijipt.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nawal El Saadawi – Illustrated Women in History |url=https://illustratedwomeninhistory.com/nawal-el-saadawi-is-an-egyptian-feminist-writer/ |date=28 October 2015|access-date=15 May 2022 |language=en-US}}</ref> Saadawi was awarded the 2004 North–South Prize by the Council of Europe.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/nscentre/winners_nsp_EN.asp|title=North-South Centre homepage|website=North-South Centre|language=en-GB|access-date=18 March 2018}}</ref> Na Julaị 2016, ọ bụ onyeisi emume akwụkwọ Royal African Society nke akpọrọ "Africa Writes" na London, ebe o kwuru okwu gbasara "On Being a Woman Writer" na mkparịta ụka ya na [[Margaret Busby]].<ref>{{cite web|first=Kelechi |last=Iwumene|url=http://africawrites.org/blog/africa-writes-2016-the-round-up/ |title=Africa Writes 2016: The Round-Up|publisher=Royal African Society|date= July 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://africawrites.org/uncategorized/on-being-a-woman-writer-nawal-el-saadawi-in-conversation-2/ |title=On Being A Woman Writer: Nawal El Saadawi in conversation|website= Africa Writes|publisher=Royal African Society|date= 2 July 2016}}</ref> [[File:Nawal El Saadawi, April 2012 (cropped).jpg|thumb|April 2012]] Na Göteborg Book Fair nke mere na Septemba 27 ruo 30, 2018, Saadawi gara seminar gbasara mmepe na Ijipt na Middle East mgbe Arab Spring gasịrị.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gp.se/kultur/kultur/nawal-el-sadaawi-till-bokm%C3%A4ssan-1.7940393|title=Nawal El Sadaawi till Bokmässan|work=Göteborgs-Posten|language=sv|date=29 August 2018|access-date=10 October 2018}}</ref> ma n'oge okwu ya na mmemme ahụ kwuru na ike ụwa niile "ndị ọchịchị aka ike, ndị isi obodo, ndị ọchịchị alaeze ukwu, ndị na-akpa ókè agbụrụ", nke United States na-edu, jikọrọ aka na gọọmentị Ijipt iji kwụsị mgbanwe Ijipt nke afọ 2011. O kwukwara na ya chetara ịhụ Odeakwụkwọ nke Mba U.S. n'oge ahụ [[Hillary Clinton]] na Tahrir Square ka ọ na-enye ndị ntorobịa akwụkwọ dollar iji gbaa ha ume ka ha votu maka Ụmụnna Ndị Alakụba na ntuli aka na-abịa.,<ref>[https://www.memri.org/tv/egyptian-activist-nawal-saadawi-saw-hillary-clinton-dollars-tahrir-square "Onye na-akwado ikike ụmụnwaanyị Ijipt bụ Nawal El Saadawi: Ahụrụ m Hillary Clinton ka ọ na-enye ego mba Amerịka na Tahrir Square ka ndị mmadụ wee tụọ vootu maka ụmụnna ndị Alakụba"], [[Memri TV]], 30 Septemba 2018</ref> ọ bụ ezie na enweghị ihe akaebe na ihe a a na-ekwu mere. Nawal El Saadawi nwere ọkwa dịka onye dere akwụkwọ maka Kansụl Kasị Elu maka Nkà na Sayensị Mmekọrịta, Cairo; Onyeisi Isi nke Ngalaba Mmụta Ahụike, Ministry of Health, Cairo, Odeakwụkwọ Ukwu nke Medical Association, Cairo, Egypt, na dọkịta na Ụlọ Ọgwụ Mahadum na [[w:Ministry of Health and Population (Egypt)|Ministry of Health]]. Ọ bụ onye hiwere otu agụmakwụkwọ ahụike na otu ndị edemede ụmụ nwanyị Ijipt; ọ bụkwa onyeisi nchịkọta akụkọ nke "Health Magazine" na Cairo, nakwa onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke "Medical Association Magazine".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ipb.org/nawal-el-sadaawi-in-memory/|title=Nawal El Sadaawi – In Memory|first=Ingeborg |last=Breines|author-link=Ingeborg Breines|website=ipb.org|publisher=IPB – International Peace Bureau|access-date=19 February 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gold.ac.uk/news/nawal-el-saadawi-tribute/|title=Tribute to doctor, writer and activist Nawal El Saadawi|website=gold.ac.uk|publisher=[[Goldsmiths University of London]]|date=26 March 2021|access-date=19 February 2024}}</ref> == Ide ihe == [[File:Nawal El Saadawi 02.JPG|thumb|right|Saadawi at the Göteborg Book Fair na 2010]] Saadawi malitere ide ihe na mbido ọrụ ya. Ihe odide mbụ ya gụnyere ọtụtụ akụkọ dị mkpirikpi nke akpọrọ ''Amụtara m Ịhụnanya'' (1957) na akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya, ''Memoirs of a Woman Doctor'' (1958). O mechara dee ọtụtụ akwụkwọ akụkọ na obere akụkọ na akwụkwọ ncheta onwe ya, ''Memoir from the Women's Prison'' (1986). E bipụtala Saadawi n'ọtụtụ akwụkwọ akụkọ, a sụgharịkwara ọrụ ya site na Arabic mbụ gaa na ihe karịrị asụsụ 30.<ref>Van Allen, Judith Imel, [https://books.google.com/books?id=fy11AwAAQBAJ&dq=saadawi+translated+into+more+than+30+languages&pg=PT1369 "Saadawi, Nawal El (1931–)"], in Gary L. Anderson and Kathryn G. Herr (eds), ''Encyclopedia of Activism and Social Justice'', Sage Publications, 2007, pp. 1249–1250.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=El Saadawi, Nawal (1932–) {{!}} Encyclopedia.com |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/international/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/el-saadawi-nawal-1932 |access-date=15 May 2022 |website=www.encyclopedia.com}}</ref> Na 1972, o bipụtara akwụkwọ mbụ ya nke anaghị akụkọ ifo, ''Women and Sex'',<ref name="women" /> which evoked the antagonism of highly placed political and theological authorities.<ref name="Krajeski, The New Yorker" /> O mekwara ka a chụọ ya n'ọrụ na Ministri Ahụike.<ref name="women" /> Ọrụ ndị ọzọ gụnyere ''The Hidden Face of Eve'',<ref>{{cite book |title=The hidden face of Eve : women in the Arab world |oclc=924716956 }}</ref> ''God Dies by the Nile'',<ref>{{cite book |title=God dies by the Nile |oclc=12583064 }}</ref> ''The Circling Song'',<ref>{{cite book |title=The circling song |oclc=18587928 }}</ref> ''Searching'',<ref>{{cite book |title=Searching |oclc=24707056 }}</ref> ''The Fall of the Imam'' (a kọwara ya dị ka "mkpughe dị ike ma na-akpali akpali nke ihe egwu ndị ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụaka nwere ike ikpughe site na nkwenkwe okpukpe"),<ref>{{cite journal |first=Philip |last=Womack |author-link=Philip Womack |url=http://newhumanist.org.uk/2119/the-fall-of-the-imam-by-nawal-el-saadawi |title=The Fall of the Imam by Nawal El Saadawi (review) |journal=[[New Humanist]] |date=20 August 2009}}</ref> and ''Woman at Point Zero''.<!--{{Citation needed|date=March 2021}}--><ref>{{cite book|title=Woman at point zero |oclc=10887569 }}</ref> Ọtụtụ mmadụ akatọọla ọrụ ya bụ 'The Hidden Face of Eve' maka nkwupụta na ọ na-ede maka "onye mba ọzọ na-akatọ onye mba ọzọ".<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=Amireh |first=Amal |date=2000 |title=Framing Nawal El Saadawi: Arab Feminism in a Transnational World |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/495572 |journal=Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=215–249 |doi=10.1086/495572 |s2cid=143010343 |issn=0097-9740|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Aha mbụ nke akwụkwọ ahụ, nke a sụgharịrị ozugbo na Bekee bụ "Ihu Gbara Ọtọ nke Nwanyị Arab" ewepụrụkwa ọtụtụ isiakwụkwọ na mbipụta Bekee nke akwụkwọ ahụ, ma e jiri ya tụnyere nke mbụ nke Arabic ahụ.<ref name=":3" /> O tinyere aka na ihe nkiri "Mgbe nwanyị nupụrụ isi" na akwụkwọ akụkọ nke afọ 1984 ''Sisterhood Is Global'', nke edeziri site na onye deziri ya Robin Morgan,<ref name="global">{{cite web |url=https://catalog.vsc.edu/lscfind/Record/154795/TOC#tabnav |title=Sisterhood Is Global: Table of Contents |publisher=Catalog.vsc.edu |access-date=15 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208065459/https://catalog.vsc.edu/lscfind/Record/154795/TOC#tabnav |archive-date=8 December 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ma bụrụ onye tinyere aka na nchịkọta akụkọ nke afọ 2019 ''New Daughters of Africa'', edited by [[Margaret Busby]], nke gụnyere edemede ya "Banyere M n'Africa—Ndọrọ Ndọrọ Ọchịchị na Okpope n'oge Nwatakịrị M".<ref>[[Imani Perry|Perry, Imani]] (29 March 2019), [https://www.ft.com/content/2a4e64a8-508a-11e9-8f44-fe4a86c48b33 "New Daughters of Africa — a new anthology of a groundbreaking book"], ''[[Financial Times]]''.</ref><ref>Rocker-Clinton, Johnna (August 2019), [https://sanfranciscobookreview.com/product/new-daughters-of-africa-an-international-anthology-of-writing-by-women-of-african-descent/ "Margaret Busby does it again!"] (review of ''New Daughters of Africa: An International Anthology of Writing by Women of African Descent''), ''San Francisco Book Review''.</ref> E bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ Saadawi nke akpọrọ 'Zeina' na Lebanọn n'afọ 2009. E bipụtara nsụgharị French ahụ n'okpuru aha njirimara Nawal Zeinab el Sayed, site na iji aha nne ya mbụ.<ref>{{cite news|title=Radical writer back with vengeance|url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/world/africa/radical-writer-back-with-vengeance-1.486421/|work= The National|access-date=17 November 2014|date=7 September 2009}}</ref> Saadawi na-asụ asụsụ [[asụsụ Bekee|Bekee]] nke ọma, tinyere obodo ya.Egyptian Arabic.<ref>{{cite web|first=Hans Ulrich |last=Obrist|url=http://www.e-flux.com/journal/42/60256/in-conversation-with-nawal-el-saadawi/ |title=In Conversation with Nawal El Saadawi|website=e-flux Journal|number=42|date= February 2013}}</ref> Dịka o si dee ya n'asụsụ Arabic, ọ hụrụ ajụjụ nke ịtụgharị asụsụ Bekee ma ọ bụ French dị ka "nnukwu nsogbu" nke jikọtara ya na eziokwu ahụ bụ na <blockquote>"ike ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya bụ nke Bekee ma ọ bụ French na-asụkarị.... Ndị nwere nnukwu akwụkwọ n'ụwa ka na-eleghara m anya, n'ihi na m na-ede ihe n'asụsụ Arabic, nakwa n'ihi na m na-akatọ echiche ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya, nke onye na-achị obodo, nke onye na-akpa ókè agbụrụ, na nke ndị nna ochie nke ndị ọchịchị ukwu."<ref>{{cite web|first=Dele Meiji|last=Fatunla|url=http://newafricanmagazine.com/nawal-el-saadawi-identity-not-fixed/|title=Nawal El Saadawi: 'My identity is not fixed'|magazine=[[New African]]|date=30 June 2016|access-date=8 October 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170706045108/http://newafricanmagazine.com/nawal-el-saadawi-identity-not-fixed/|archive-date=6 July 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref></blockquote> Akwụkwọ ya ''Mufakirat Tifla fi Al-Khamisa wa Al-Thamaneen''(Akwụkwọ Ndetu nke Nwa agbọghọ dị afọ 85), nke dabere na ihe e dere n'akwụkwọ akụkọ ya, ka e bipụtara n'afọ 2017.<ref>{{cite web|first=Mahmoud |last=El-Wardani|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/18/62/273741/Books/Review/At-,-Nawal-ElSaadawi-writes-about-Nawal-ElSaadawi.aspx |title=At 85, Nawal El-Saadawi writes about Nawal El-Saadawi|website=Ahram Online|date= 5 August 2017}}</ref> == Echiche == ===Mmegide megide mmebi akụkụ ahụ nwoke na nwanyị=== Mgbe ọ dị obere, Saadawi mere usoro nke ebe ụmụ nwanyị na-ebipụ akụkụ ahụ ha.<ref>el-Saadawi, Nawal, ''The Hidden Face of Eve'', Part 1: The Mutilated Half.</ref> Mgbe ọ bụ okenye, o dere gbasara omume a ma katọọ ya. O zara ọnwụ nke otu nwa agbọghọ dị afọ iri na abụọ, Bedour Shaker, n'oge a na-eme ịwa ahụ maka ibi úgwù n'ime akụkụ ahụ mmadụ na 2007 site n'ide ihe: "Bedour, ị̀ nwụrụ anwụ ka ìhè wee nwuo n'uche ndị gbara ọchịchịrị? Ị ga-eji ndụ gị dị oké ọnụ ahịa kwụọ ụgwọ ... ka ndị dọkịta na ndị ụkọchukwu mụta na okpukpe ziri ezi anaghị ebipụ akụkụ ahụ ụmụaka?"<ref>Michael, Maggie, [https://web.archive.org/web/20070702171148/http://www.physorg.com/news102393179.html "Egypt Officials Ban Female Circumcision"<!-- Bot generated title -->], Phys.org, 30 June 2007. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070702171148/http://www.physorg.com/news102393179.html |date=2 July 2007 }}.</ref> Dịka dọkịta na onye na-akwado ikike mmadụ, Saadawi megidere ibi ụmụ nwoke úgwù. O kwenyere na ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị kwesịrị ka e chebe ha pụọ ​​na mmebi akụkụ ahụ ha.<ref name="theglobaldispatches">{{cite web|url=http://www.theglobaldispatches.com/articles/nawal-al-saadawi|first=Allston|last=Mitchell|title=Nawal al Saadawi|work=The Global Dispatches|date=16 May 2010|access-date=12 February 2014|archive-date=7 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170707223358/http://www.theglobaldispatches.com/articles/nawal-al-saadawi|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Ọchịchị mmadụ na Feminism === Saadawi kọwara onwe ya dị ka "onye na-akwado ụmụnwaanyị na soshal midia", na-ekwere na a pụghị imeri ọgụ ụmụnwaanyị n'okpuru ọchịchị kapitalizim.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Fawzy |first=Mary |date=7 May 2021 |title=The socialist feminism of Nawal El Saadawi |url=https://www.newframe.com/the-socialist-feminism-of-nawal-el-saadawi/ |access-date=22 December 2022 |website=New Frame}}</ref> Nkwenye a nke ndị otu ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya apụtala site n'ikpe na-ezighị ezi ọ hụrụ ná ndụ ya.<ref name=":4" /> N'akwụkwọ ya bụ 'The Zoro Ezo nke Eve', o dere gbasara otu a na-agaghị esi kewapụ ndụ mmekọahụ na nke mmetụta uche nke ndị mmadụ na ndụ akụnụba ha na mmepụta ha, ya mere iwu ọnọdụ onwe onye na mba Arab ga-abụrịrị ihe kacha mkpa nye ndị socialist.<ref>{{Citation |chapter=Introduction |date=2015 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350251076.0006 |title=The Hidden Face of Eve |publisher=Zed Books |doi=10.5040/9781350251076.0006 |isbn=978-0-90576-251-7 |access-date=22 December 2022|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name=":4" /> N'ajụjụ ọnụ a gbara ya na 2018, o kwuru na ya abụghị onye Marxist, ebe ọ gụchara akwụkwọ ya nke ọ chọpụtara na ọ na-enwe nsogbu na ya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nawal El Saadawi on feminism, fiction and the illusion of democracy |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=djMfFU7DIB8 |language=en |publisher=[[Channel 4 News]]|via=YouTube|date=13 June 2018|access-date=22 December 2022}}</ref> ===Okpukperechi=== N'ajụjụ ọnụ ya nke afọ 2014, Saadawi kwuru na "isi ihe kpatara mmegbu ụmụ nwanyị dị n'usoro ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya zuru ụwa ọnụ, nke okpukperechi kwadoro".<ref>{{Cite web|title = They don't want any really courageous people!|url = http://en.qantara.de/content/interview-with-nawal-el-saadawi-they-dont-want-any-really-courageous-people|website = Qantara.de - Dialogue with the Islamic World|access-date =5 November 2015|last = Fariborz|first = Arian|date =5 July 2014}}</ref> Mgbe ọtụtụ narị mmadụ nwụrụ n'ihe a kpọr "stampede" n'oge njem njem 2015 (Hajj) nke ndị Alakụba gaa Mecca, Saudi Arabia, o kwuru, sị: <blockquote>"Ha na-ekwu maka ịgbanwe ụzọ e si achịkwa Hajj, gbasara ime ka ndị mmadụ na-eme njem n'obere ìgwè. Ihe ha na-ekwughị bụ na ihe a mere n'ihi na ndị a na-alụ ọgụ ịtụ ekwensu nkume. Gịnị mere ha ji kwesị ịtụ ekwensu nkume? Gịnị mere ha ji kwesị isusu nkume ojii ahụ ọnụ? Mana ọ dịghị onye ga-ekwu nke a. Ndị mgbasa ozi agaghị ebipụta ya. Gịnị ka ọ bụ, enweghị mmasị ịkatọ okpukpe? ... Ọjụjụ a ịkatọ okpukpe ... abụghị liberalism. Nke a bụ mmachibido iwu."<ref name=Cooke /></blockquote> O kwuru na ihe ndị dị na Hajj, dịka isusu Okute Ojii ọnụ, nwere mgbọrọgwụ ndị ọgọ mmụọ tupu okpukpe Islam.<ref>Fiona Lloyd-Davies, [https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/correspondent/1619902.stm "No compromise"], ''Correspondent'', BBC News, 26 October 2001.</ref> Saadawi was involved in the academic exploration of Arab identity throughout her writing career.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Hanadi|first1=Al-Samman|title=Diasporic Na(rra)tions: Arab Women Rewriting Exile|date=2000|publisher=[[Indiana University]]|page=25}}</ref> Saadawi kọwara mkpuchi ihu nke ndị Alakụba dị ka "ngwaọrụ mmegbu ụmụ nwanyị".<ref name="theglobaldispatches" /> ===Ebumnuche nke ụmụ nwanyị=== Ọ katọrọkwa ihe megidere ihe ndị e ji mara ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ nwanyị n'usoro mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya nke a na-ahụkarị na Yuropu na US,<ref>{{cite book|last1=El Saadawi|first1=Nawal|title=The Nawal El Saadawi Reader|publisher=Zed Books|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r9SPVEG3cv0C|date=1997|isbn=9781856495141|access-date=8 April 2015}}</ref> na-akpasu ndị otu nwanyị ibe ha iwe site n'ikwu okwu megide etemeete na uwe ndị na-ekpughe ihe.<ref name=taylor/> ===United States=== N'okwu nkuzi nke afọ 2002 na Mahadum California na Berkeley's Center for Middle Eastern Studies, Saadawi kọwara agha nke US duziri megide Afghanistan dị ka "agha iji mee ihe n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi na mmanụ dị na mpaghara ahụ", na amụma mba ofesi nke US na nkwado ya nye Israel dị ka "ezigbo iyi ọha egwu.".<ref>{{cite web|last1=Pasquini|first1=Elaine|title=El Saadawi Calls U.S. Foreign Policy 'Real Terrorism'|url=https://www.questia.com/magazine/1P3-110120822/el-saadawi-calls-u-s-foreign-policy-real-terrorism|via=|work=Washington Report on Middle East Affairs|date=March 2002|access-date=|archive-date=9 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160409040731/https://www.questia.com/magazine/1P3-110120822/el-saadawi-calls-u-s-foreign-policy-real-terrorism|url-status=dead}}</ref> Saadawi held the opinion that Egyptians are forced into poverty by US aid.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Nielsen|first1=Nikolaj|title=Nawal El Saadawi: 'I am against stability. We need revolution'|url=http://chronikler.com/middle-east/egypt/nawal-el-saadawi-interview/|access-date=19 November 2014|work=The Chronikler|date=11 July 2013}}</ref> ==Nyoyo== Saadawi bụ isiokwu nke ihe nkiri "She Speaked the Unspeakable", nke Jill Nicholls duziri, nke a na-agbasa na February 2017 na usoro ihe nkiri telivishọn BBC One ''[[w:Imagine (usoro ihe nkiri TV)|Imagine]]''.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b08g7hr8 "She Spoke the Unspeakable"], BBC One, ''Imagine'', Winter 2017. [http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x5cu7f1 Via] Dailymotion.</ref> ==Ọnwụ== Saadawi nwụrụ n'abalị iri abụọ na otu nke ọnwa Maachị afọ 2021, mgbe ọ dị afọ iri asatọ na itoolu, n'ụlọọgwụ dị na Cairo.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://english.ahram.org.eg/News/407474.aspx|title=Renowned Egyptian feminist, author Nawal El-Saadawi dies at the age of 89|website=[[Ahram Online]]|first=Mohammed |last=Saad |date=21 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://egyptianstreets.com/2021/03/21/pioneering-egyptian-feminist-nawal-el-saadawi-dies-aged-89/|title=Pioneering Egyptian Feminist Nawal El Saadawi Dies Aged 89|website=[[Egyptian Streets]]|date=21 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/1829281/offbeat |title=Arab author, women's rights icon Nawal El-Saadawi dies in Cairo |website=Arab News |date=21 March 2021 }}</ref> Her life was commemorated on [[BBC Radio 4]]'s obituary programme ''[[Last Word]]''.<ref>{{cite episode| title= Nawal El Saadawi (pictured), Brigadier Jack Thomas, President John Magufuli, Ion Mihai Pacepa| series= [[Last Word]]| credits= Producer: Neil George; Interviewed guests: [[Mona Eltahawy]], Sally Nabil| station= BBC Radio 4| airdate= 26 March 2021| url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/m000tg67 | access-date= 28 March 2021 }}</ref> ==Ihe nrite na nsọpụrụ ahọpụtara== *2004: [[North–South Prize site na [[Council of Europe]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.coe.int/en/web/north-south-centre/previous-laureates-of-the-north-south-prize|title=Previous laureates of the North-South Prize|publisher=Council of Europe|website=coe.int}}</ref> *2005: Inana International Prize, Belgium<ref name="auto1"/> *2007: Honorary Doctorate, [[Vrije Universiteit Brussel]], Belgium<ref>{{cite book|chapter-url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-1-137-58730-5_4|publisher=Nawal El Saadawi|doi=10.1007/978-1-137-58730-5_4|title=Diary of a Child Called Souad|year=2016|last1=El Saadawi|first1=Nawal|chapter=Nawal el Saadawi and a History of Oppression: Brief Biographical Facts |pages=153–158|isbn=978-1-137-58936-1}}</ref> *2007: Honorary Doctorate, [[Université libre de Bruxelles]], Belgium<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ulb.be/en/about-ulb/ulbs-honorary-doctorates|title=ULB's honorary doctorates|website=ulb.be|publisher=Université libre de Bruxelles}}</ref> *2010: Honorary Doctorate, [[National Autonomous University of Mexico]], Mexico<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.barrons.com/news/author-physician-nawal-el-saadawi-egypt-s-critic-of-taboos-01616337305?tesla=y|title=Author, Physician Nawal El-Saadawi, Egypt's Critic Of Taboos|website=barrons.com|first=Farid|last= Farid|publisher=Barron's|date=21 March 2021}}</ref> *2011: [[Stig Dagerman Prize]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://blog.svd.se/kultur/2012/01/09/motvillig-el-saadawi-far-dagermanpriset/ |title=Motvillig El Saadawi får Dagermanpriset |work=[[SvD]] |language=sv |date=9 January 2012 |access-date=27 October 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aftonbladet.se/kultur/article14833794.ab |title=Lydnad är ett dödligt gift |work=Kultur |language=sv |date=15 May 2012 |access-date=27 October 2012}}</ref> *2012: [[Seán MacBride Peace Prize]]<ref name="auto2"/> *2015: [[BBC's 100 Women]]<ref name="bbc">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-34745739|title=BBC 100 Women 2015: Who is on the list?|date=17 November 2015|work=BBC News|access-date=3 August 2019|language=en-GB}}</ref> *2020: ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]''{{'}}s 100 Women of the Year (1981)<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://time.com/5793662/nawal-el-saadawi-100-women-of-the-year/ |title=1981: Nawal El Saadawi |magazine=Time |date=5 March 2020 }}</ref> ==Ọrụ ndị ahọpụtara== Saadawi dere ihe nke ọma, wee tinye ụfọdụ n'ime ọrụ ya n'ịntanetị.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Amireh |first=Amal |date=2000 |title=Framing Nawal El Saadawi: Arab Feminism in a Transnational World |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3175385 |journal=Signs |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=215–249 |doi=10.1086/495572 |jstor=3175385 |s2cid=143010343 |issn=0097-9740|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Saiti |first1=Ramzi |last2=Salti |first2=Ramzi M. |date=1994 |title=Paradise, Heaven, and Other Oppressive Spaces: A Critical Examination of the Life and Works of Nawal el-Saadawi |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4183334 |journal=Journal of Arabic Literature |volume=25 |issue=2 |pages=152–174 |doi=10.1163/157006494X00059 |jstor=4183334 |issn=0085-2376|url-access=subscription }}</ref> '''Akwụkwọ akụkọ na akwụkwọ akụkọ''' * ''Mudhakkirat tabiba'' (Cairo, 1958). ''Memoirs of a Woman Doctor'', trans. [[Catherine Cobham]] (Saqi Books, 1988) * ''Al ghayib'' (Cairo, 1965). ''Searching'', trans. Shirley Eber (Zed Books, 1991) * ''Imra'tani fi-Imra'a'' (Cairo, 1968). ''Two Women in One'', trans. [[Osman Nusairi]] and Jana Gough (Saqi Books, 1985) * ''Maut ar-raǧul al-waḥīd ʿala ‚l-arḍ'' (1974). ''[[God Dies by the Nile]]'', trans. [[Sherif Hetata]] (Zed Books, 1985) * ''Al-khait wa'ayn al-hayat'' (Cairo, 1976). ''The Well of Life and the Thread: Two Short Novels'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Lime Tree, 1993) * ''Ughniyat al-atfal al da iriyah'' (Beirut: Dar al-Adab, 1977). ''The Circling Song'', trans. Marilyn Booth (Zed Books, 1989) * ''Emra'a enda noktat el sifr'' (Beirut: Dar al-Adab, 1977). ''[[Woman at Point Zero]]'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Zed Books, 1983) * ''Mawt Ma'ali al-Wazir Sabiqan'' (1980). ''Death of an Ex-Minister'', trans. Shirley Eber (Methuen, 1987) * ''Suqūṭ al-imām'' (Cairo, 1987). ''[[The Fall of the Imam]]'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Methuen, 1988) * ''Jann āt wa-Iblīs'' (Beirut, 1992). ''The Innocence of the Devil'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Methuen, 1994) * ''Ḥubb fī zaman al-naf̣t'' (Cairo, 1993). ''Love in the Kingdom of Oil'', trans. [[Basil Hatim]] and Malcolm Williams (Saqi Books, 2001) * ''Al-Riwayah'' (Cairo: Dar El Hilal, 2004). ''The Novel'', trans. [[Omnia Amin]] and [[Rick London]] (Interlink Books, 2009) * ''Zeina'' (Beirut: Dar Al Saqi, 2009). ''Zeina'', trans. [[Amira Nowaira]] (Saqi Books, 2011) '''Nchịkọta akụkọ dị mkpirikpi''' * ''Ta'allamt al-hubb'' (Cairo, 1957). ''I Learned Love'' * ''Lahzat sidq'' (Cairo, 1959). ''Moment of Truth'' * ''Little Tenderness'' (Cairo, 1960) * ''al-Khayt wa-l-jidar'' (1972). ''The Thread and the Wall'' * ''Ain El Hayat'' (Beirut, 1976) * ''Kānat hiya al-aḍʻaf'' ["She Was the Weaker"] (1979). ''She Has No Place in Paradise'', trans. Shirley Eber (Methuen, 1987). Includes three additional stories: "She Has No Place in Paradise", "Two Women Friends", and "'Beautiful'". * ''Adab Am Kellet Abad'' (Cairo, 2000) '''Egwuregwu''' * ''Ithna 'ashar imra'a fi zinzana wahida'' (Cairo, 1984). ''Twelve Women in a Cell'' * ''Isis'' (Cairo, 1985) * ''God Resigns in the Summit Meeting'' (1996), published by Madbouli, and four other plays included in her ''Collected Works'' (45 books in Arabic), Cairo: Madbouli, 2007 * ''Twelve Women in a Cell: Plays by Mediterranean Women'' (Aurora Metro Books, 1994) '''Ihe ncheta''' * ''Mudhakkirat fi Sijn al-Nisa'' (Cairo, 1983). ''Memoirs from the Women's Prison'', trans. Marilyn Booth ([[The Women's Press]], 1986) * ''Rihlati hawla al-'alam'' (Cairo, 1986). ''My Travels Around the World'', trans. Shirley Eber (Methuen, 1991) * ''Memoirs of a Child Called Soad'' (Cairo, 1990) * ''Awraqi hayati'', first volume (Cairo, 1995). ''A Daughter of Isis'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Zed Books, 1999) * ''Awraqi hayati'', second volume (Cairo, 1998). ''Walking Through Fire'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Zed Books, 2002) * ''My Life, Part III'' (Cairo, 2001) '''Akụkọ na-abụghị akụkọ ifo''' * ''Women and Sex'' (Cairo, 1969) * ''Woman Is the Origin'' (Cairo, 1971) * ''Men and Sex'' (Cairo, 1973) * ''The Naked Face of Arab Women'' (Cairo, 1974) * ''Women and Neurosis'' (Cairo, 1975) * ''Al-Wajh al-'ari lil-mar'a al-'arabiyy'' (1977). ''The Hidden Face of Eve: Women in the Arab World'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Zed Press, 1980) * ''On Women'' (Cairo, 1986) * ''A New Battle in Arab Women Liberation'' (Cairo, 1992) * ''Collection of Essays'' (Cairo, 1998) * ''Collection of Essays'' (Cairo, 2001) * ''Breaking Down Barriers'' (Cairo, 2004) '''Compilations in English''' * ''Plays by Mediterranean Women'' (Aurora Metro Books, 1994, {{ISBN|978-0-9515877-3-7}}) * ''North/South: The Nawal El Saadawi Reader'' (Zed Books, 1997) * ''Off Limits: New Writings on Fear and Sin'' (Gingko Library, 2019, {{ISBN|978-88-87847-16-1}}) == Hụkwa ==   *   *   *   * Thesis/dissertation.  <templatestyles src="Module:Side box/styles.css"></templatestyles> * Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Nawal El Saadawi na archive.org * Adele Newson-Horst, "[https://www.worldliteraturetoday.org/blog/literary-tributes/remembering-nawal-el-saadawi-adele-newson-horst "Ịcheta Nawal El Saadawi"]", World Literature Today, 24 March 2021. * [[Ernest Emenyonu]], "NAWAL EL SAADAWI: Ndụ na edemede (Ọktoba 27, 1931 - Machị 21, 2021) ", Boydell na Brewer, 13 Mee 2021. [[Otú:Articles with hCards]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 40p6o0zyy9m0hx8ev9xuqkgw6mfjgjh 736897 736896 2026-10-09T07:44:09Z Adimora chidinma 15845 /* Ọnwụ */ 736897 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}   '''Nawal El Saadawi''' ({{langx|ar|نوال السعداوي}}, {{ALA-LC|arz|Nawāl as-Saʿdāwī}};27 Ọktoba 1931 – 21 Maachị 2021) bụ onye edemede feminist nke Ijipt, activist, disciatist, na psychiatrist. O dere ọtụtụ akwụkwọ gbasara ụmụ nwanyị na Islam, na-elekwasị anya n'okwu ndị metụtara ụmụ nwanyị na Global South, gụnyere sexuality, patriarchy social class, na colonialism.<ref name=":3" /> Ọ bụ onye hiwere ma bụrụkwa onyeisi oche nke otu Arab Women's Solidarity Association.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2 March 2015|title=Nawal El Saadawi|url=https://orgs.law.harvard.edu/womeninspiringchange/2015-honorees/nawal-el-saadawi/|access-date=9 October 2020|website=Women Inspiring Change|language=en-US|archive-date=18 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201218120145/https://orgs.law.harvard.edu/womeninspiringchange/2015-honorees/nawal-el-saadawi/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>Hitchcock, Peter; El Saadawi, Nawal; Hatata, Sherif. "Living the Struggle". ''Transition'' 61 (1993): 170–179.</ref> Ọ bụkwa onye hiwere Arab Association for Human Rights.<ref>Nawal El Saadawi, "Presentation by Nawal El Saadawi: President's Forum, M/MLA Annual Convention, November 4, 1999", ''The Journal of the Midwest Modern Language Association'' 33.3–34.1 (Autumn 2000 – Winter 2001): 34–39.</ref> O nwetara akara ugo mmụta nsọpụrụ site na mahadum dị na kọntinent atọ. Na 2004, Kọnsụl nke Yuropu nyere ya North–South Prize. Na 2005, o nwetara ihe nrite mba ụwa Inana na Belgium.<ref name="auto1">[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jue04c1_wkY "PEN World Voices Arthur Miller Freedom to Write Lecture by Nawal El Saadawi"], YouTube. 8 September 2009.</ref> Na 2012, International Peace Bureau nyere ya onyinye Seán MacBride Peace Prize.<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web|title=International Peace Bureau|url=http://www.ipb.org/web/index.php?mostra=news&menu=home&id_nom=IPB+to+award+2012+Sean+MacBride+Peace+Prize+to+Nawal+El-Sadaawi+and+Lina+Ben+Mhenni|website=www.ipb.org|access-date=25 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925221701/http://www.ipb.org/web/index.php?mostra=news&menu=home&id_nom=IPB+to+award+2012+Sean+MacBride+Peace+Prize+to+Nawal+El-Sadaawi+and+Lina+Ben+Mhenni|archive-date=25 September 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ndụ mbido == A mụrụ Saadawi, onye nke abụọ n'ime ụmụ itoolu, na 27 Ọktoba 1931 n'obodo nta dị na Kafr Tahla, [[Egypt]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/mar/22/nawal-el-saadawi-obituary|title=Nawal El Saadawi obituary|date=22 March 2021|first=Sarah A|last= Smith|website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Elkhatib |first1=Sameh |title=Egyptian feminist and author el-Saadawi dies at 89 |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/egyptian-feminist-author-el-saadawi-dies-89-2021-03-22/ |website=Reuters |access-date=24 March 2026}}</ref> E mere Saadawi ebe ụmụ nwanyị bi n'ime akụkụ ahụ ha <ref name=Khaleeli /> at the age of six,<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last1=Sa'dawi|first1=Nawal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I9vqMossOjoC|title=A Daughter of Isis: The Autobiography of Nawal El Saadawi|last2=Saadawi|first2=Nawal El|last3=Saʻdāwī|first3=Nawāl|last4=Saʿdāwī|first4=Nawāl as-|date=1999|publisher=[[Zed Books]]|isbn=978-1-85649-680-3|pages=63–87|language=en}}</ref> ọ bụ ezie na nna ya kwenyere na ụmụ agbọghọ na ụmụ nwoke kwesịrị ịgụ akwụkwọ. O kwuru na nne na nna ya bụ ndị nwere nnwere onwe mgbe ha na-etolite.<ref name=":1"/> Nna ya Upper Egypt bụ onye ọrụ gọọmentị na [[w:Ministry of Education (Egypt)|Ministry of Education]], onye lụsoro ọgụ megide British rebel Egypt n'oge Egypt Revolution of 1919. N'ihi ya, a chụpụrụ ya n'obodo nta dị na Naịl, gọọmentị ekweghịkwa ịkwalite ya ruo afọ 10. Ọ bụ onye na-aga n'ihu ma kụziere nwa ya nwanyị ịkwanyere onwe ya ùgwù na ikwu okwu n'uche ya. Ọ gbakwara ya ume ka ọ mụọ asụsụ Arabik. Agbanyeghị, mgbe El Saadawi dị afọ 10, ezinụlọ ya gbalịrị ime ka ọ lụọ di, mana nne ya kwadoro ya n'ịjụ.<ref name=taylor>{{Cite news |title=Nawal El Saadawi: Feminist firebrand who dared to write dangerously (obituary) |last=Taylor-Coleman |first=Jasmine |website=BBC News |date=21 March 2021 |url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-55048245}}</ref> Both her parents died at a young age,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Nawal El Saadawi|url=http://faculty.webster.edu/woolflm/saadawi.html|access-date=25 September 2015|website=faculty.webster.edu|archive-date=2 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170602080913/http://faculty.webster.edu/woolflm/saadawi.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>{{Unreliable source?|date=September 2021|sure=y|reason=This is an unpublished undergraduate student assignment paper}} na-ahapụ Saadawi naanị ibu ọrụ nke ilekọta ezinụlọ buru ibu.<ref name="bornexile">{{Cite web |url=http://www.nawalsaadawi.net/oldsite/articlesnawal/bornexile.htm |title=Exile and Resistance |first=Nawal |last=El Saadaw|website=Nawal El Saadawi/Sherif Hetata |date=November 2002|access-date=23 June 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091027223127/http://www.nawalsaadawi.net/oldsite/articlesnawal/bornexile.htm |archive-date=27 October 2009 |url-status=usurped }}</ref> Nne ya, Zaynab, sitere n'agbụrụ bara ọgaranya [[w:Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]];<ref>{{cite news|last=Cowell|first=Alan |author-link=Alan Cowell |year=2021|title=Nawal El Saadawi, Advocate for Women in the Arab World, Dies at 89 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/21/obituaries/nawal-el-saadawi-dead.html|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|quote=Nawal El Saadawi was born on Oct. 27, 1931, in the village of Kafr Tahla, a settlement in the lower Nile Delta, the second of nine children. Her mother, Zaynab (Shoukry) El Saadawi, was partially descended from a wealthy Ottoman family. Her father, Al-Sayed El Saadawi, was an official in the government’s education ministry. }}</ref> Saadawi kọwara nna nna ya nke nne ya, Shoukry,<ref>{{cite book|first=Nawal|last= El Saadawi|year=2013|title=A Daughter of Isis: The Early Life of Nawal El Saadawi|publisher=Zed Books|isbn=978-1848136403}}</ref> na nne nne ya dị ka onye Ottoman si malite.<ref name="CaliforniaUni">{{citation|first=Nawal|last= El Saadawi|year=1986|title=Memoirs from the Women's Prison|publisher=University of California Press|page=64|quote= "My eyes widened in astonishment. Even my maternal grandmother used to sing, although she was born to a Turkish mother and lived in my grandfather's house in the epoch when harems still existed." |isbn=0520088883}}</ref> Ọbụna mgbe ọ bụ nwata, ọ katọrọ obodo ndị nwoke bi na ya, ebe ụmụ nwoke ji ha kpọrọ ihe karịa ụmụ nwanyị, na-emeghachi omume n'iwe nye nne nne ya, onye kwuru na "nwoke bara uru ụmụ nwanyị iri na ise ma ọ dịkarịa ala... Ụmụ agbọghọ bụ nsogbu".<ref name=taylor/> O ji nganga kọwaa onwe ya dị ka nwanyị Ijipt agba ọchịchịrị kemgbe ọ dị obere.<ref>{{Citation|url=https://zora.medium.com/my-childhood-in-egypt-not-knowing-i-was-in-africa-27580b07a93b|title=My Childhood in Egypt, Not Knowing I Was in Africa|first=Nawal|last=El Saadawi|website=zora.medium.com|date=13 June 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=New Daughters of Africa|chapter=About Me in Africa—Politics and Religion in my Childhood|editor-first=Margaret|first=El Saadawi|last=Nawal|editor-last=Busby|publisher=[[Myriad Editions]]|edition=paperback|pages=42–44|date=2020}}</ref> == Career == Saadawi graduated as a medical doctor in 1955 from [[Cairo University]]. That year, she married Ahmed Helmi, whom she met as a fellow student in medical school. They have a daughter, Mona Helmi.<ref name=Khaleeli/> The marriage ended after two years.<ref name=JoISR>{{cite journal|first=Yusuf|last=Koseli|title=A PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH TO THE NOVEL OF NAWAL EL SAADAWI TITLED MÜZEKKİRAT TABİBE|journal=The Journal of International Social Research|date=2013|volume=6|issue=28|url=http://www.sosyalarastirmalar.com/cilt6/cilt6sayi28_pdf/koseli_yusuf.pdf|access-date=15 April 2020}}</ref><ref name=Khaleeli>{{Cite web|title = Nawal El Saadawi: Egypt's radical feminist|url = https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2010/apr/15/nawal-el-saadawi-egyptian-feminist|website =The Guardian|date= 15 April 2010|access-date =15 April 2020|first = Homa|last = Khaleeli}}</ref> Through her medical practice, she observed women's physical and psychological problems and connected them with oppressive cultural practices, patriarchal oppression, class oppression and imperialist oppression.<ref name="women">[http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/1999/462/women.htm Feminism in a nationalist century] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100419040800/http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/1999/462/women.htm |date=19 April 2010 }}</ref> Her second husband was a colleague, Rashad Bey.<ref name=JoISR/><ref>{{cite thesis|url=https://www.academia.edu/23224495|title=Voice of Oppressed from the Margins: A Critical Reading on Nawal El Saadawi's "Woman at Point Zero"|last=Puthiyakath|first=Hashim H.|publisher=[[Central University of Tamil Nadu]]|access-date=15 April 2020}}</ref> While working as a doctor in her birthplace of Kafr Tahla, she observed the hardships and inequalities faced by rural women. After attempting to protect one of her patients from [[domestic violence]], Saadawi was summoned back to Cairo. She eventually became the Director of the Ministry of [[public health|Public Health]] and met her third husband, [[Sherif Hatata]], while sharing an office in the Ministry of Health. Hatata, also a medical doctor and writer, had been a [[political prisoner]] for 13 years. They married in 1964 and have a son.<ref name="bornexile"/><ref name=Khaleeli/> Saadawi and Hatata lived together for 43 years<ref name=Cooke>{{cite web|last1=Cooke|first1=Rachel|title=Nawal El Saadawi: 'Do you feel you are liberated? I feel I am not'|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/oct/11/nawal-el-saadawi-interview-do-you-feel-you-are-liberated-not|work=[[The Observer]]|date=11 October 2015|access-date=15 April 2020}}</ref> and divorced in 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/18/62/99644/Books/Review/ElSaadawi-and-Hatata-Voyage-of-a-lifetime.aspx|title=El-Saadawi and Hatata: Voyage of a lifetime|date=24 April 2014|publisher=Ahram Online|first=Mahmoud |last=El-Wardani|access-date=15 April 2020}}</ref> [[File:Shirin Ershadi, Shirin Ebadi and Nawal el-Saadawi (2413951897).jpg|thumb|[[Shirin Ershadi]], [[Shirin Ebadi]] and Nawal el-Saadawi]] Saadawi attended [[Columbia University]], earning a master's degree in public health in 1966.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Smith|first=Harrison|date=23 March 2021|title=Nawal El Saadawi, Egyptian author, physician and feminist activist, dies at 89|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/nawal-el-saadawi-dead/2021/03/23/43c7c250-8b19-11eb-a730-1b4ed9656258_story.html|access-date=16 June 2021}}</ref> In 1972, she published ''Woman and Sex'' ({{lang|ar|المرأة والجنس}}), confronting and contextualising various aggressions perpetrated against women's bodies, including female circumcision. The book became a foundational text of [[second-wave feminism]]. As a consequence of the book and her political activities, Saadawi was dismissed from her position at the Ministry of Health.<ref name="women" /> She also lost her positions as chief editor of a health journal, and as Assistant General Secretary in the Medical Association in Egypt. From 1973 to 1976, Saadawi worked on researching women and [[neurosis]] in [[Ain Shams University]]'s Faculty of Medicine. From 1979 to 1980, she was the [[United Nations]] Advisor for the Women's Programme in Africa (ECA) and the Middle East (ECWA).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://scholarblogs.emory.edu/postcolonialstudies/2014/06/11/saadawi-nawal-el-2/|title=Saadawi, Nawal el – Postcolonial Studies|website=scholarblogs.emory.edu|language=en-US|access-date=31 July 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r9SPVEG3cv0C&q=Nawal+Saadawi+united+nations+advisor+1979&pg=PR1|title=The Nawal El Saadawi Reader|last=Saʻdāwī|first=Nawāl|date=15 December 1997|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=9781856495141|language=en}}</ref> === Ikpe ụlọ ikpe megide ya === Na 2002, Nabih el-Wahsh mere mgbalị iwu n'ụlọ ikpe Ijipt ịgba el-Saadawi alụkwaghịm n'aka di ya n'ụzọ iwu kwadoro n'ihi [[w:hisbah|hesba]], ụkpụrụ nke narị afọ nke 9 nke shariah law, nke na-ekwe ka a mara ndị Alakụba a na-ahụ na ha na-emebi Islam ikpe. Ihe akaebe e ji megide ya bụ ajụjụ ọnụ nke Machị ebe el-Wahsh kwuru na ọ gbahapụrụ Islam. Mgbalị iwu ahụ agaghị nke ọma.<ref name=Khaleeli /><ref>{{Cite web |date=18 June 2001 |title=Cairo writer threatened with divorce |url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2001/jun/18/internationaleducationnews.highereducation |access-date=22 December 2022 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref> N'afọ 2008, e mere otu ihe ahụ iji napụ el-Saadawi mba Ijipt ya n'ihi echiche na ihe odide ya siri ike, mgbalị a agaghịkwa enwe isi.<ref name=Khaleeli /> === Mkpọrọ === Kemgbe gọọmentị Ijipt lere ya anya dị ka ihe na-ese okwu ma dị ize ndụ, Saadawi nyere aka bipụta akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị otu nwanyị na 1981 nke akpọrọ ''Confrontation.'' President of Egypt Anwar Sadat tụrụ ya mkpọrọ na Septemba.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Uglow|first1=Jennifer S.|author2=Maggy Hendry|title=The Northeastern Dictionary of Women's Biography|url=https://archive.org/details/northeasterndict0000uglo|url-access=registration|year=1999|publisher=Northeastern University Press|isbn= 9781555534219|pages=[https://archive.org/details/northeasterndict0000uglo/page/189 189]–190}}</ref> Saadawi kwuru otu oge n'ajụjụ ọnụ a gbara ya: "E jidere m n'ihi na ekwere m Sadat. O kwuru na e nwere ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na anyị nwere usoro ọtụtụ pati, ị nwekwara ike ịkatọ ya. Ya mere, amalitere m ịkatọ iwu ya, m wee banye n'ụlọ mkpọrọ." Sadat kwuru na ọchịchị e guzobere bụ ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya maka ndị mmadụ, nakwa na ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya dị njikere maka nkatọ bara uru. Dịka Saadawi si kwuo, Sadat tụrụ ya mkpọrọ n'ihi nkatọ ya maka ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya. Ọbụna n'ụlọ mkpọrọ, ọ ka chọtara ụzọ isi lụso mmegbu ụmụ nwanyị ọgụ. Mgbe ọ nọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ, o guzobere otu Arab Women's Solidarity Association. Nke a bụ otu mbụ iwu kwadoro na nke nwere onwe ya na Egypt. N'ụlọ mkpọrọ, a jụrụ ya pen na akwụkwọ, agbanyeghị, nke ahụ egbochighị ya ịnọgide na-ede ihe. O jiri "pensụl nku anya ojii siri ike" na "obere akwụkwọ mposi ochie na nke gbawara agbawa" dekọọ echiche ya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Interview with Nawal el aasawi|url=http://www.nyu.edu/classes/keefer/twenty/nawal.html|last=Network|first=Vile News|date=2015|access-date=26 April 2020}}</ref> A tọhapụrụ ya n'afọ ahụ, otu ọnwa ka e gbusịrị Onyeisiala. Banyere ahụmịhe ya, o dere, sị: "Ihe ize ndụ abụrụla akụkụ nke ndụ m kemgbe m were mkpịsị akwụkwọ wee dee ihe. Ọ dịghị ihe dị ize ndụ karịa eziokwu n'ụwa nke dị ụgha."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/2001/06/03/stories/13030786.htm |title=Egypt's face of courage |work=The Hindu|first=Kalpana|last=Sharma|date=3 June 2001|access-date=25 September 2013 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041030002518/http://www.hinduonnet.com/2001/06/03/stories/13030786.htm |archive-date=30 October 2004 }}</ref> Na afọ 1982, o hiwere otu Arab Women's Solidarity Association.<ref>Hussey, Sierra, [https://www.sahistory.org.za/archive/biography-nawal-el-saadawi-sierra-hussey "Biography of Nawal El Saadawi"], South African History Online.</ref> Ọ kọwara otu ya dị ka "onye akụkọ ihe mere eme, onye na-akwado ọchịchị ọha, na onye na-akwado ikike ụmụ nwanyị".<ref>{{cite magazine |url= https://www.aljadid.com/node/2254|title= Nawal El-Saadawi's 'Daughter of Isis' Life and Times via the Plenitude of Her Writings |first=D.H. |last=Melhem|website=Al Jadid Magazine|volume= 5|number= 29|date=Autumn 1999|access-date=22 March 2021}}</ref> Saadawi bụ otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị e jidere n'ụlọ mkpọrọ ụmụ nwanyị Qanatir. Mkpọrọ ya bụ ntọala maka afọ 1983 ya. ''Memoirs from the Women's Prison'' ({{langx|ar|مذكرات في سجن النساء }}). Mkparịta ụka ya na onye mkpọrọ nọ na Qanatir, afọ itoolu tupu a tụọ ya mkpọrọ ebe ahụ, bụ ihe mkpali maka ọrụ mbụ ya, akwụkwọ akụkọ akpọrọ aha ya bụ ''Woman at Point Zero'' ({{langx|ar|امرأة عند نقطة الصفر}}, 1975).<ref name="Krajeski, The New Yorker">{{Cite magazine|url=http://www.newyorker.com/books/page-turner/the-books-of-nawal-el-saadawi|title=The Books of Nawal El Saadawi|magazine=[[The New Yorker]]|first=Jenna|last=Krajeski|date=7 March 2011|access-date=31 July 2017}}</ref> === Mkpagbu ndị ọzọ, nkuzi na US, na ngagharị iwe ndị ọzọ mechara mee === Na 1993, mgbe ndị Alakụba na mkpagbu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị yiri ndụ ya egwu, a manyere Saadawi ịgbapụ n'Ijipt. Ọ nabatara onyinye ịkụzi ihe na Ngalaba Asụsụ Eshia na Afrịka nke Mahadum Duke dị na [[North Carolina]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Former Visiting Professor in Court, Under Fire in Egypt|url=https://today.duke.edu/2001/06/el-saadawi629.html|date=29 June 2001|website=Duke Today|publisher=Duke University|access-date=1 April 2021|language=en}}</ref><ref name=BMJ>Dr Dora Carpenter-Latiri, [http://blogs.bmj.com/medical-humanities/2015/11/11/the-reading-room-a-review-of-memoirs-of-a-woman-doctor/ "The Reading Room: A review of ‘Memoirs of a woman doctor{{'"}}], ''BMJ'' Blog, 11 November 2015.</ref> nakwa na Mahadum Washington. O mechara nọrọ n'ọtụtụ kọleji na mahadum ndị a ma ama dịka Mahadum Cairo, Harvard, Yale, [[w:Mahadum Columbia|Columbia]], [[w:Mahadum Paris|Sorbonne]], [[w:Mahadum Georgetown|Georgetown]], Mahadum Steeti Florida, na Mahadum California, Berkeley. Na 1996, ọ laghachiri Ijipt.<ref name="BMJ"/><ref>{{cite web|last=Ling|first= Jessica |url=http://www.warscapes.com/blog/today-history-happy-85th-birthday-nawal-el-saadawi |title=Today in History: Happy 85th Birthday, Nawal El Saadawi!|website=Warscapes|date=27 October 2016}}</ref> Saadawi gara n'ihu na-akwado ya ma chee echiche ịzọ ọkwa na 2005 ntuli aka onyeisiala Ijipt, tupu ọ pụọ n'ihi ihe siri ike achọrọ maka ndị ga-azọ ọkwa nke mbụ.<ref>[https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2005/7/16/egypt-presidential-aspirant-pulls-out "Egypt presidential aspirant pulls out"], AlJazeera, 16 July 2005. Retrieved 21 July 2021.</ref> O so n'ime ndị ngagharị iwe na Tahrir Square na 2011.<ref>{{cite web|first=Elizabeth |last=Rubin|url=http://www.newsweek.com/2011/03/06/the-feminists-in-the-middle-of-tahrir-square.html |title=The Feminists in the Middle of Tahrir Square|work=[[Newsweek]]|date= 6 March 2011}}</ref> O kwuru ka a kwụsị nkuzi okpukperechi n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị Ijipt.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nawal El Saadawi – Illustrated Women in History |url=https://illustratedwomeninhistory.com/nawal-el-saadawi-is-an-egyptian-feminist-writer/ |date=28 October 2015|access-date=15 May 2022 |language=en-US}}</ref> Saadawi was awarded the 2004 North–South Prize by the Council of Europe.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/nscentre/winners_nsp_EN.asp|title=North-South Centre homepage|website=North-South Centre|language=en-GB|access-date=18 March 2018}}</ref> Na Julaị 2016, ọ bụ onyeisi emume akwụkwọ Royal African Society nke akpọrọ "Africa Writes" na London, ebe o kwuru okwu gbasara "On Being a Woman Writer" na mkparịta ụka ya na [[Margaret Busby]].<ref>{{cite web|first=Kelechi |last=Iwumene|url=http://africawrites.org/blog/africa-writes-2016-the-round-up/ |title=Africa Writes 2016: The Round-Up|publisher=Royal African Society|date= July 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://africawrites.org/uncategorized/on-being-a-woman-writer-nawal-el-saadawi-in-conversation-2/ |title=On Being A Woman Writer: Nawal El Saadawi in conversation|website= Africa Writes|publisher=Royal African Society|date= 2 July 2016}}</ref> [[File:Nawal El Saadawi, April 2012 (cropped).jpg|thumb|April 2012]] Na Göteborg Book Fair nke mere na Septemba 27 ruo 30, 2018, Saadawi gara seminar gbasara mmepe na Ijipt na Middle East mgbe Arab Spring gasịrị.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gp.se/kultur/kultur/nawal-el-sadaawi-till-bokm%C3%A4ssan-1.7940393|title=Nawal El Sadaawi till Bokmässan|work=Göteborgs-Posten|language=sv|date=29 August 2018|access-date=10 October 2018}}</ref> ma n'oge okwu ya na mmemme ahụ kwuru na ike ụwa niile "ndị ọchịchị aka ike, ndị isi obodo, ndị ọchịchị alaeze ukwu, ndị na-akpa ókè agbụrụ", nke United States na-edu, jikọrọ aka na gọọmentị Ijipt iji kwụsị mgbanwe Ijipt nke afọ 2011. O kwukwara na ya chetara ịhụ Odeakwụkwọ nke Mba U.S. n'oge ahụ [[Hillary Clinton]] na Tahrir Square ka ọ na-enye ndị ntorobịa akwụkwọ dollar iji gbaa ha ume ka ha votu maka Ụmụnna Ndị Alakụba na ntuli aka na-abịa.,<ref>[https://www.memri.org/tv/egyptian-activist-nawal-saadawi-saw-hillary-clinton-dollars-tahrir-square "Onye na-akwado ikike ụmụnwaanyị Ijipt bụ Nawal El Saadawi: Ahụrụ m Hillary Clinton ka ọ na-enye ego mba Amerịka na Tahrir Square ka ndị mmadụ wee tụọ vootu maka ụmụnna ndị Alakụba"], [[Memri TV]], 30 Septemba 2018</ref> ọ bụ ezie na enweghị ihe akaebe na ihe a a na-ekwu mere. Nawal El Saadawi nwere ọkwa dịka onye dere akwụkwọ maka Kansụl Kasị Elu maka Nkà na Sayensị Mmekọrịta, Cairo; Onyeisi Isi nke Ngalaba Mmụta Ahụike, Ministry of Health, Cairo, Odeakwụkwọ Ukwu nke Medical Association, Cairo, Egypt, na dọkịta na Ụlọ Ọgwụ Mahadum na [[w:Ministry of Health and Population (Egypt)|Ministry of Health]]. Ọ bụ onye hiwere otu agụmakwụkwọ ahụike na otu ndị edemede ụmụ nwanyị Ijipt; ọ bụkwa onyeisi nchịkọta akụkọ nke "Health Magazine" na Cairo, nakwa onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke "Medical Association Magazine".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ipb.org/nawal-el-sadaawi-in-memory/|title=Nawal El Sadaawi – In Memory|first=Ingeborg |last=Breines|author-link=Ingeborg Breines|website=ipb.org|publisher=IPB – International Peace Bureau|access-date=19 February 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gold.ac.uk/news/nawal-el-saadawi-tribute/|title=Tribute to doctor, writer and activist Nawal El Saadawi|website=gold.ac.uk|publisher=[[Goldsmiths University of London]]|date=26 March 2021|access-date=19 February 2024}}</ref> == Ide ihe == [[File:Nawal El Saadawi 02.JPG|thumb|right|Saadawi at the Göteborg Book Fair na 2010]] Saadawi malitere ide ihe na mbido ọrụ ya. Ihe odide mbụ ya gụnyere ọtụtụ akụkọ dị mkpirikpi nke akpọrọ ''Amụtara m Ịhụnanya'' (1957) na akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya, ''Memoirs of a Woman Doctor'' (1958). O mechara dee ọtụtụ akwụkwọ akụkọ na obere akụkọ na akwụkwọ ncheta onwe ya, ''Memoir from the Women's Prison'' (1986). E bipụtala Saadawi n'ọtụtụ akwụkwọ akụkọ, a sụgharịkwara ọrụ ya site na Arabic mbụ gaa na ihe karịrị asụsụ 30.<ref>Van Allen, Judith Imel, [https://books.google.com/books?id=fy11AwAAQBAJ&dq=saadawi+translated+into+more+than+30+languages&pg=PT1369 "Saadawi, Nawal El (1931–)"], in Gary L. Anderson and Kathryn G. Herr (eds), ''Encyclopedia of Activism and Social Justice'', Sage Publications, 2007, pp. 1249–1250.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=El Saadawi, Nawal (1932–) {{!}} Encyclopedia.com |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/international/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/el-saadawi-nawal-1932 |access-date=15 May 2022 |website=www.encyclopedia.com}}</ref> Na 1972, o bipụtara akwụkwọ mbụ ya nke anaghị akụkọ ifo, ''Women and Sex'',<ref name="women" /> which evoked the antagonism of highly placed political and theological authorities.<ref name="Krajeski, The New Yorker" /> O mekwara ka a chụọ ya n'ọrụ na Ministri Ahụike.<ref name="women" /> Ọrụ ndị ọzọ gụnyere ''The Hidden Face of Eve'',<ref>{{cite book |title=The hidden face of Eve : women in the Arab world |oclc=924716956 }}</ref> ''God Dies by the Nile'',<ref>{{cite book |title=God dies by the Nile |oclc=12583064 }}</ref> ''The Circling Song'',<ref>{{cite book |title=The circling song |oclc=18587928 }}</ref> ''Searching'',<ref>{{cite book |title=Searching |oclc=24707056 }}</ref> ''The Fall of the Imam'' (a kọwara ya dị ka "mkpughe dị ike ma na-akpali akpali nke ihe egwu ndị ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụaka nwere ike ikpughe site na nkwenkwe okpukpe"),<ref>{{cite journal |first=Philip |last=Womack |author-link=Philip Womack |url=http://newhumanist.org.uk/2119/the-fall-of-the-imam-by-nawal-el-saadawi |title=The Fall of the Imam by Nawal El Saadawi (review) |journal=[[New Humanist]] |date=20 August 2009}}</ref> and ''Woman at Point Zero''.<!--{{Citation needed|date=March 2021}}--><ref>{{cite book|title=Woman at point zero |oclc=10887569 }}</ref> Ọtụtụ mmadụ akatọọla ọrụ ya bụ 'The Hidden Face of Eve' maka nkwupụta na ọ na-ede maka "onye mba ọzọ na-akatọ onye mba ọzọ".<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=Amireh |first=Amal |date=2000 |title=Framing Nawal El Saadawi: Arab Feminism in a Transnational World |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/495572 |journal=Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=215–249 |doi=10.1086/495572 |s2cid=143010343 |issn=0097-9740|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Aha mbụ nke akwụkwọ ahụ, nke a sụgharịrị ozugbo na Bekee bụ "Ihu Gbara Ọtọ nke Nwanyị Arab" ewepụrụkwa ọtụtụ isiakwụkwọ na mbipụta Bekee nke akwụkwọ ahụ, ma e jiri ya tụnyere nke mbụ nke Arabic ahụ.<ref name=":3" /> O tinyere aka na ihe nkiri "Mgbe nwanyị nupụrụ isi" na akwụkwọ akụkọ nke afọ 1984 ''Sisterhood Is Global'', nke edeziri site na onye deziri ya Robin Morgan,<ref name="global">{{cite web |url=https://catalog.vsc.edu/lscfind/Record/154795/TOC#tabnav |title=Sisterhood Is Global: Table of Contents |publisher=Catalog.vsc.edu |access-date=15 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208065459/https://catalog.vsc.edu/lscfind/Record/154795/TOC#tabnav |archive-date=8 December 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ma bụrụ onye tinyere aka na nchịkọta akụkọ nke afọ 2019 ''New Daughters of Africa'', edited by [[Margaret Busby]], nke gụnyere edemede ya "Banyere M n'Africa—Ndọrọ Ndọrọ Ọchịchị na Okpope n'oge Nwatakịrị M".<ref>[[Imani Perry|Perry, Imani]] (29 March 2019), [https://www.ft.com/content/2a4e64a8-508a-11e9-8f44-fe4a86c48b33 "New Daughters of Africa — a new anthology of a groundbreaking book"], ''[[Financial Times]]''.</ref><ref>Rocker-Clinton, Johnna (August 2019), [https://sanfranciscobookreview.com/product/new-daughters-of-africa-an-international-anthology-of-writing-by-women-of-african-descent/ "Margaret Busby does it again!"] (review of ''New Daughters of Africa: An International Anthology of Writing by Women of African Descent''), ''San Francisco Book Review''.</ref> E bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ Saadawi nke akpọrọ 'Zeina' na Lebanọn n'afọ 2009. E bipụtara nsụgharị French ahụ n'okpuru aha njirimara Nawal Zeinab el Sayed, site na iji aha nne ya mbụ.<ref>{{cite news|title=Radical writer back with vengeance|url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/world/africa/radical-writer-back-with-vengeance-1.486421/|work= The National|access-date=17 November 2014|date=7 September 2009}}</ref> Saadawi na-asụ asụsụ [[asụsụ Bekee|Bekee]] nke ọma, tinyere obodo ya.Egyptian Arabic.<ref>{{cite web|first=Hans Ulrich |last=Obrist|url=http://www.e-flux.com/journal/42/60256/in-conversation-with-nawal-el-saadawi/ |title=In Conversation with Nawal El Saadawi|website=e-flux Journal|number=42|date= February 2013}}</ref> Dịka o si dee ya n'asụsụ Arabic, ọ hụrụ ajụjụ nke ịtụgharị asụsụ Bekee ma ọ bụ French dị ka "nnukwu nsogbu" nke jikọtara ya na eziokwu ahụ bụ na <blockquote>"ike ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya bụ nke Bekee ma ọ bụ French na-asụkarị.... Ndị nwere nnukwu akwụkwọ n'ụwa ka na-eleghara m anya, n'ihi na m na-ede ihe n'asụsụ Arabic, nakwa n'ihi na m na-akatọ echiche ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya, nke onye na-achị obodo, nke onye na-akpa ókè agbụrụ, na nke ndị nna ochie nke ndị ọchịchị ukwu."<ref>{{cite web|first=Dele Meiji|last=Fatunla|url=http://newafricanmagazine.com/nawal-el-saadawi-identity-not-fixed/|title=Nawal El Saadawi: 'My identity is not fixed'|magazine=[[New African]]|date=30 June 2016|access-date=8 October 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170706045108/http://newafricanmagazine.com/nawal-el-saadawi-identity-not-fixed/|archive-date=6 July 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref></blockquote> Akwụkwọ ya ''Mufakirat Tifla fi Al-Khamisa wa Al-Thamaneen''(Akwụkwọ Ndetu nke Nwa agbọghọ dị afọ 85), nke dabere na ihe e dere n'akwụkwọ akụkọ ya, ka e bipụtara n'afọ 2017.<ref>{{cite web|first=Mahmoud |last=El-Wardani|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/18/62/273741/Books/Review/At-,-Nawal-ElSaadawi-writes-about-Nawal-ElSaadawi.aspx |title=At 85, Nawal El-Saadawi writes about Nawal El-Saadawi|website=Ahram Online|date= 5 August 2017}}</ref> == Echiche == ===Mmegide megide mmebi akụkụ ahụ nwoke na nwanyị=== Mgbe ọ dị obere, Saadawi mere usoro nke ebe ụmụ nwanyị na-ebipụ akụkụ ahụ ha.<ref>el-Saadawi, Nawal, ''The Hidden Face of Eve'', Part 1: The Mutilated Half.</ref> Mgbe ọ bụ okenye, o dere gbasara omume a ma katọọ ya. O zara ọnwụ nke otu nwa agbọghọ dị afọ iri na abụọ, Bedour Shaker, n'oge a na-eme ịwa ahụ maka ibi úgwù n'ime akụkụ ahụ mmadụ na 2007 site n'ide ihe: "Bedour, ị̀ nwụrụ anwụ ka ìhè wee nwuo n'uche ndị gbara ọchịchịrị? Ị ga-eji ndụ gị dị oké ọnụ ahịa kwụọ ụgwọ ... ka ndị dọkịta na ndị ụkọchukwu mụta na okpukpe ziri ezi anaghị ebipụ akụkụ ahụ ụmụaka?"<ref>Michael, Maggie, [https://web.archive.org/web/20070702171148/http://www.physorg.com/news102393179.html "Egypt Officials Ban Female Circumcision"<!-- Bot generated title -->], Phys.org, 30 June 2007. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070702171148/http://www.physorg.com/news102393179.html |date=2 July 2007 }}.</ref> Dịka dọkịta na onye na-akwado ikike mmadụ, Saadawi megidere ibi ụmụ nwoke úgwù. O kwenyere na ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị kwesịrị ka e chebe ha pụọ ​​na mmebi akụkụ ahụ ha.<ref name="theglobaldispatches">{{cite web|url=http://www.theglobaldispatches.com/articles/nawal-al-saadawi|first=Allston|last=Mitchell|title=Nawal al Saadawi|work=The Global Dispatches|date=16 May 2010|access-date=12 February 2014|archive-date=7 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170707223358/http://www.theglobaldispatches.com/articles/nawal-al-saadawi|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Ọchịchị mmadụ na Feminism === Saadawi kọwara onwe ya dị ka "onye na-akwado ụmụnwaanyị na soshal midia", na-ekwere na a pụghị imeri ọgụ ụmụnwaanyị n'okpuru ọchịchị kapitalizim.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Fawzy |first=Mary |date=7 May 2021 |title=The socialist feminism of Nawal El Saadawi |url=https://www.newframe.com/the-socialist-feminism-of-nawal-el-saadawi/ |access-date=22 December 2022 |website=New Frame}}</ref> Nkwenye a nke ndị otu ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya apụtala site n'ikpe na-ezighị ezi ọ hụrụ ná ndụ ya.<ref name=":4" /> N'akwụkwọ ya bụ 'The Zoro Ezo nke Eve', o dere gbasara otu a na-agaghị esi kewapụ ndụ mmekọahụ na nke mmetụta uche nke ndị mmadụ na ndụ akụnụba ha na mmepụta ha, ya mere iwu ọnọdụ onwe onye na mba Arab ga-abụrịrị ihe kacha mkpa nye ndị socialist.<ref>{{Citation |chapter=Introduction |date=2015 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350251076.0006 |title=The Hidden Face of Eve |publisher=Zed Books |doi=10.5040/9781350251076.0006 |isbn=978-0-90576-251-7 |access-date=22 December 2022|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name=":4" /> N'ajụjụ ọnụ a gbara ya na 2018, o kwuru na ya abụghị onye Marxist, ebe ọ gụchara akwụkwọ ya nke ọ chọpụtara na ọ na-enwe nsogbu na ya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nawal El Saadawi on feminism, fiction and the illusion of democracy |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=djMfFU7DIB8 |language=en |publisher=[[Channel 4 News]]|via=YouTube|date=13 June 2018|access-date=22 December 2022}}</ref> ===Okpukperechi=== N'ajụjụ ọnụ ya nke afọ 2014, Saadawi kwuru na "isi ihe kpatara mmegbu ụmụ nwanyị dị n'usoro ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya zuru ụwa ọnụ, nke okpukperechi kwadoro".<ref>{{Cite web|title = They don't want any really courageous people!|url = http://en.qantara.de/content/interview-with-nawal-el-saadawi-they-dont-want-any-really-courageous-people|website = Qantara.de - Dialogue with the Islamic World|access-date =5 November 2015|last = Fariborz|first = Arian|date =5 July 2014}}</ref> Mgbe ọtụtụ narị mmadụ nwụrụ n'ihe a kpọr "stampede" n'oge njem njem 2015 (Hajj) nke ndị Alakụba gaa Mecca, Saudi Arabia, o kwuru, sị: <blockquote>"Ha na-ekwu maka ịgbanwe ụzọ e si achịkwa Hajj, gbasara ime ka ndị mmadụ na-eme njem n'obere ìgwè. Ihe ha na-ekwughị bụ na ihe a mere n'ihi na ndị a na-alụ ọgụ ịtụ ekwensu nkume. Gịnị mere ha ji kwesị ịtụ ekwensu nkume? Gịnị mere ha ji kwesị isusu nkume ojii ahụ ọnụ? Mana ọ dịghị onye ga-ekwu nke a. Ndị mgbasa ozi agaghị ebipụta ya. Gịnị ka ọ bụ, enweghị mmasị ịkatọ okpukpe? ... Ọjụjụ a ịkatọ okpukpe ... abụghị liberalism. Nke a bụ mmachibido iwu."<ref name=Cooke /></blockquote> O kwuru na ihe ndị dị na Hajj, dịka isusu Okute Ojii ọnụ, nwere mgbọrọgwụ ndị ọgọ mmụọ tupu okpukpe Islam.<ref>Fiona Lloyd-Davies, [https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/correspondent/1619902.stm "No compromise"], ''Correspondent'', BBC News, 26 October 2001.</ref> Saadawi was involved in the academic exploration of Arab identity throughout her writing career.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Hanadi|first1=Al-Samman|title=Diasporic Na(rra)tions: Arab Women Rewriting Exile|date=2000|publisher=[[Indiana University]]|page=25}}</ref> Saadawi kọwara mkpuchi ihu nke ndị Alakụba dị ka "ngwaọrụ mmegbu ụmụ nwanyị".<ref name="theglobaldispatches" /> ===Ebumnuche nke ụmụ nwanyị=== Ọ katọrọkwa ihe megidere ihe ndị e ji mara ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ nwanyị n'usoro mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya nke a na-ahụkarị na Yuropu na US,<ref>{{cite book|last1=El Saadawi|first1=Nawal|title=The Nawal El Saadawi Reader|publisher=Zed Books|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r9SPVEG3cv0C|date=1997|isbn=9781856495141|access-date=8 April 2015}}</ref> na-akpasu ndị otu nwanyị ibe ha iwe site n'ikwu okwu megide etemeete na uwe ndị na-ekpughe ihe.<ref name=taylor/> ===United States=== N'okwu nkuzi nke afọ 2002 na Mahadum California na Berkeley's Center for Middle Eastern Studies, Saadawi kọwara agha nke US duziri megide Afghanistan dị ka "agha iji mee ihe n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi na mmanụ dị na mpaghara ahụ", na amụma mba ofesi nke US na nkwado ya nye Israel dị ka "ezigbo iyi ọha egwu.".<ref>{{cite web|last1=Pasquini|first1=Elaine|title=El Saadawi Calls U.S. Foreign Policy 'Real Terrorism'|url=https://www.questia.com/magazine/1P3-110120822/el-saadawi-calls-u-s-foreign-policy-real-terrorism|via=|work=Washington Report on Middle East Affairs|date=March 2002|access-date=|archive-date=9 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160409040731/https://www.questia.com/magazine/1P3-110120822/el-saadawi-calls-u-s-foreign-policy-real-terrorism|url-status=dead}}</ref> Saadawi held the opinion that Egyptians are forced into poverty by US aid.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Nielsen|first1=Nikolaj|title=Nawal El Saadawi: 'I am against stability. We need revolution'|url=http://chronikler.com/middle-east/egypt/nawal-el-saadawi-interview/|access-date=19 November 2014|work=The Chronikler|date=11 July 2013}}</ref> ==Nyoyo== Saadawi bụ isiokwu nke ihe nkiri "She Speaked the Unspeakable", nke Jill Nicholls duziri, nke a na-agbasa na February 2017 na usoro ihe nkiri telivishọn BBC One ''[[w:Imagine (usoro ihe nkiri TV)|Imagine]]''.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b08g7hr8 "She Spoke the Unspeakable"], BBC One, ''Imagine'', Winter 2017. [http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x5cu7f1 Via] Dailymotion.</ref> ==Ọnwụ== Saadawi nwụrụ n'abalị iri abụọ na otu nke ọnwa Maachị afọ 2021, mgbe ọ dị afọ iri asatọ na itoolu, n'ụlọọgwụ dị na Cairo.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://english.ahram.org.eg/News/407474.aspx|title=Renowned Egyptian feminist, author Nawal El-Saadawi dies at the age of 89|website=Ahram Online|first=Mohammed |last=Saad |date=21 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://egyptianstreets.com/2021/03/21/pioneering-egyptian-feminist-nawal-el-saadawi-dies-aged-89/|title=Pioneering Egyptian Feminist Nawal El Saadawi Dies Aged 89|website=Egyptian Streets|date=21 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/1829281/offbeat |title=Arab author, women's rights icon Nawal El-Saadawi dies in Cairo |website=Arab News |date=21 March 2021 }}</ref> Her life was commemorated on BBC Radio 4's obituary programme ''Last Word''.<ref>{{cite episode| title= Nawal El Saadawi (pictured), Brigadier Jack Thomas, President John Magufuli, Ion Mihai Pacepa| series= Last Word| credits= Producer: Neil George; Interviewed guests: [[Mona Eltahawy]], Sally Nabil| station= BBC Radio 4| airdate= 26 March 2021| url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/m000tg67 | access-date= 28 March 2021 }}</ref> ==Ihe nrite na nsọpụrụ ahọpụtara== *2004: [[North–South Prize site na [[Council of Europe]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.coe.int/en/web/north-south-centre/previous-laureates-of-the-north-south-prize|title=Previous laureates of the North-South Prize|publisher=Council of Europe|website=coe.int}}</ref> *2005: Inana International Prize, Belgium<ref name="auto1"/> *2007: Honorary Doctorate, [[Vrije Universiteit Brussel]], Belgium<ref>{{cite book|chapter-url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-1-137-58730-5_4|publisher=Nawal El Saadawi|doi=10.1007/978-1-137-58730-5_4|title=Diary of a Child Called Souad|year=2016|last1=El Saadawi|first1=Nawal|chapter=Nawal el Saadawi and a History of Oppression: Brief Biographical Facts |pages=153–158|isbn=978-1-137-58936-1}}</ref> *2007: Honorary Doctorate, [[Université libre de Bruxelles]], Belgium<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ulb.be/en/about-ulb/ulbs-honorary-doctorates|title=ULB's honorary doctorates|website=ulb.be|publisher=Université libre de Bruxelles}}</ref> *2010: Honorary Doctorate, [[National Autonomous University of Mexico]], Mexico<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.barrons.com/news/author-physician-nawal-el-saadawi-egypt-s-critic-of-taboos-01616337305?tesla=y|title=Author, Physician Nawal El-Saadawi, Egypt's Critic Of Taboos|website=barrons.com|first=Farid|last= Farid|publisher=Barron's|date=21 March 2021}}</ref> *2011: [[Stig Dagerman Prize]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://blog.svd.se/kultur/2012/01/09/motvillig-el-saadawi-far-dagermanpriset/ |title=Motvillig El Saadawi får Dagermanpriset |work=[[SvD]] |language=sv |date=9 January 2012 |access-date=27 October 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aftonbladet.se/kultur/article14833794.ab |title=Lydnad är ett dödligt gift |work=Kultur |language=sv |date=15 May 2012 |access-date=27 October 2012}}</ref> *2012: [[Seán MacBride Peace Prize]]<ref name="auto2"/> *2015: [[BBC's 100 Women]]<ref name="bbc">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-34745739|title=BBC 100 Women 2015: Who is on the list?|date=17 November 2015|work=BBC News|access-date=3 August 2019|language=en-GB}}</ref> *2020: ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]''{{'}}s 100 Women of the Year (1981)<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://time.com/5793662/nawal-el-saadawi-100-women-of-the-year/ |title=1981: Nawal El Saadawi |magazine=Time |date=5 March 2020 }}</ref> ==Ọrụ ndị ahọpụtara== Saadawi dere ihe nke ọma, wee tinye ụfọdụ n'ime ọrụ ya n'ịntanetị.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Amireh |first=Amal |date=2000 |title=Framing Nawal El Saadawi: Arab Feminism in a Transnational World |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3175385 |journal=Signs |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=215–249 |doi=10.1086/495572 |jstor=3175385 |s2cid=143010343 |issn=0097-9740|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Saiti |first1=Ramzi |last2=Salti |first2=Ramzi M. |date=1994 |title=Paradise, Heaven, and Other Oppressive Spaces: A Critical Examination of the Life and Works of Nawal el-Saadawi |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4183334 |journal=Journal of Arabic Literature |volume=25 |issue=2 |pages=152–174 |doi=10.1163/157006494X00059 |jstor=4183334 |issn=0085-2376|url-access=subscription }}</ref> '''Akwụkwọ akụkọ na akwụkwọ akụkọ''' * ''Mudhakkirat tabiba'' (Cairo, 1958). ''Memoirs of a Woman Doctor'', trans. [[Catherine Cobham]] (Saqi Books, 1988) * ''Al ghayib'' (Cairo, 1965). ''Searching'', trans. Shirley Eber (Zed Books, 1991) * ''Imra'tani fi-Imra'a'' (Cairo, 1968). ''Two Women in One'', trans. [[Osman Nusairi]] and Jana Gough (Saqi Books, 1985) * ''Maut ar-raǧul al-waḥīd ʿala ‚l-arḍ'' (1974). ''[[God Dies by the Nile]]'', trans. [[Sherif Hetata]] (Zed Books, 1985) * ''Al-khait wa'ayn al-hayat'' (Cairo, 1976). ''The Well of Life and the Thread: Two Short Novels'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Lime Tree, 1993) * ''Ughniyat al-atfal al da iriyah'' (Beirut: Dar al-Adab, 1977). ''The Circling Song'', trans. Marilyn Booth (Zed Books, 1989) * ''Emra'a enda noktat el sifr'' (Beirut: Dar al-Adab, 1977). ''[[Woman at Point Zero]]'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Zed Books, 1983) * ''Mawt Ma'ali al-Wazir Sabiqan'' (1980). ''Death of an Ex-Minister'', trans. Shirley Eber (Methuen, 1987) * ''Suqūṭ al-imām'' (Cairo, 1987). ''[[The Fall of the Imam]]'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Methuen, 1988) * ''Jann āt wa-Iblīs'' (Beirut, 1992). ''The Innocence of the Devil'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Methuen, 1994) * ''Ḥubb fī zaman al-naf̣t'' (Cairo, 1993). ''Love in the Kingdom of Oil'', trans. [[Basil Hatim]] and Malcolm Williams (Saqi Books, 2001) * ''Al-Riwayah'' (Cairo: Dar El Hilal, 2004). ''The Novel'', trans. [[Omnia Amin]] and [[Rick London]] (Interlink Books, 2009) * ''Zeina'' (Beirut: Dar Al Saqi, 2009). ''Zeina'', trans. [[Amira Nowaira]] (Saqi Books, 2011) '''Nchịkọta akụkọ dị mkpirikpi''' * ''Ta'allamt al-hubb'' (Cairo, 1957). ''I Learned Love'' * ''Lahzat sidq'' (Cairo, 1959). ''Moment of Truth'' * ''Little Tenderness'' (Cairo, 1960) * ''al-Khayt wa-l-jidar'' (1972). ''The Thread and the Wall'' * ''Ain El Hayat'' (Beirut, 1976) * ''Kānat hiya al-aḍʻaf'' ["She Was the Weaker"] (1979). ''She Has No Place in Paradise'', trans. Shirley Eber (Methuen, 1987). Includes three additional stories: "She Has No Place in Paradise", "Two Women Friends", and "'Beautiful'". * ''Adab Am Kellet Abad'' (Cairo, 2000) '''Egwuregwu''' * ''Ithna 'ashar imra'a fi zinzana wahida'' (Cairo, 1984). ''Twelve Women in a Cell'' * ''Isis'' (Cairo, 1985) * ''God Resigns in the Summit Meeting'' (1996), published by Madbouli, and four other plays included in her ''Collected Works'' (45 books in Arabic), Cairo: Madbouli, 2007 * ''Twelve Women in a Cell: Plays by Mediterranean Women'' (Aurora Metro Books, 1994) '''Ihe ncheta''' * ''Mudhakkirat fi Sijn al-Nisa'' (Cairo, 1983). ''Memoirs from the Women's Prison'', trans. Marilyn Booth ([[The Women's Press]], 1986) * ''Rihlati hawla al-'alam'' (Cairo, 1986). ''My Travels Around the World'', trans. Shirley Eber (Methuen, 1991) * ''Memoirs of a Child Called Soad'' (Cairo, 1990) * ''Awraqi hayati'', first volume (Cairo, 1995). ''A Daughter of Isis'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Zed Books, 1999) * ''Awraqi hayati'', second volume (Cairo, 1998). ''Walking Through Fire'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Zed Books, 2002) * ''My Life, Part III'' (Cairo, 2001) '''Akụkọ na-abụghị akụkọ ifo''' * ''Women and Sex'' (Cairo, 1969) * ''Woman Is the Origin'' (Cairo, 1971) * ''Men and Sex'' (Cairo, 1973) * ''The Naked Face of Arab Women'' (Cairo, 1974) * ''Women and Neurosis'' (Cairo, 1975) * ''Al-Wajh al-'ari lil-mar'a al-'arabiyy'' (1977). ''The Hidden Face of Eve: Women in the Arab World'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Zed Press, 1980) * ''On Women'' (Cairo, 1986) * ''A New Battle in Arab Women Liberation'' (Cairo, 1992) * ''Collection of Essays'' (Cairo, 1998) * ''Collection of Essays'' (Cairo, 2001) * ''Breaking Down Barriers'' (Cairo, 2004) '''Compilations in English''' * ''Plays by Mediterranean Women'' (Aurora Metro Books, 1994, {{ISBN|978-0-9515877-3-7}}) * ''North/South: The Nawal El Saadawi Reader'' (Zed Books, 1997) * ''Off Limits: New Writings on Fear and Sin'' (Gingko Library, 2019, {{ISBN|978-88-87847-16-1}}) == Hụkwa ==   *   *   *   * Thesis/dissertation.  <templatestyles src="Module:Side box/styles.css"></templatestyles> * Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Nawal El Saadawi na archive.org * Adele Newson-Horst, "[https://www.worldliteraturetoday.org/blog/literary-tributes/remembering-nawal-el-saadawi-adele-newson-horst "Ịcheta Nawal El Saadawi"]", World Literature Today, 24 March 2021. * [[Ernest Emenyonu]], "NAWAL EL SAADAWI: Ndụ na edemede (Ọktoba 27, 1931 - Machị 21, 2021) ", Boydell na Brewer, 13 Mee 2021. [[Otú:Articles with hCards]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] pczvuj1t5s67fepdr9gdpnx70bcjwdq 736898 736897 2026-10-09T07:48:41Z Adimora chidinma 15845 /* Ihe nrite na nsọpụrụ ahọpụtara */ 736898 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}   '''Nawal El Saadawi''' ({{langx|ar|نوال السعداوي}}, {{ALA-LC|arz|Nawāl as-Saʿdāwī}};27 Ọktoba 1931 – 21 Maachị 2021) bụ onye edemede feminist nke Ijipt, activist, disciatist, na psychiatrist. O dere ọtụtụ akwụkwọ gbasara ụmụ nwanyị na Islam, na-elekwasị anya n'okwu ndị metụtara ụmụ nwanyị na Global South, gụnyere sexuality, patriarchy social class, na colonialism.<ref name=":3" /> Ọ bụ onye hiwere ma bụrụkwa onyeisi oche nke otu Arab Women's Solidarity Association.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2 March 2015|title=Nawal El Saadawi|url=https://orgs.law.harvard.edu/womeninspiringchange/2015-honorees/nawal-el-saadawi/|access-date=9 October 2020|website=Women Inspiring Change|language=en-US|archive-date=18 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201218120145/https://orgs.law.harvard.edu/womeninspiringchange/2015-honorees/nawal-el-saadawi/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>Hitchcock, Peter; El Saadawi, Nawal; Hatata, Sherif. "Living the Struggle". ''Transition'' 61 (1993): 170–179.</ref> Ọ bụkwa onye hiwere Arab Association for Human Rights.<ref>Nawal El Saadawi, "Presentation by Nawal El Saadawi: President's Forum, M/MLA Annual Convention, November 4, 1999", ''The Journal of the Midwest Modern Language Association'' 33.3–34.1 (Autumn 2000 – Winter 2001): 34–39.</ref> O nwetara akara ugo mmụta nsọpụrụ site na mahadum dị na kọntinent atọ. Na 2004, Kọnsụl nke Yuropu nyere ya North–South Prize. Na 2005, o nwetara ihe nrite mba ụwa Inana na Belgium.<ref name="auto1">[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jue04c1_wkY "PEN World Voices Arthur Miller Freedom to Write Lecture by Nawal El Saadawi"], YouTube. 8 September 2009.</ref> Na 2012, International Peace Bureau nyere ya onyinye Seán MacBride Peace Prize.<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web|title=International Peace Bureau|url=http://www.ipb.org/web/index.php?mostra=news&menu=home&id_nom=IPB+to+award+2012+Sean+MacBride+Peace+Prize+to+Nawal+El-Sadaawi+and+Lina+Ben+Mhenni|website=www.ipb.org|access-date=25 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925221701/http://www.ipb.org/web/index.php?mostra=news&menu=home&id_nom=IPB+to+award+2012+Sean+MacBride+Peace+Prize+to+Nawal+El-Sadaawi+and+Lina+Ben+Mhenni|archive-date=25 September 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ndụ mbido == A mụrụ Saadawi, onye nke abụọ n'ime ụmụ itoolu, na 27 Ọktoba 1931 n'obodo nta dị na Kafr Tahla, [[Egypt]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/mar/22/nawal-el-saadawi-obituary|title=Nawal El Saadawi obituary|date=22 March 2021|first=Sarah A|last= Smith|website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Elkhatib |first1=Sameh |title=Egyptian feminist and author el-Saadawi dies at 89 |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/egyptian-feminist-author-el-saadawi-dies-89-2021-03-22/ |website=Reuters |access-date=24 March 2026}}</ref> E mere Saadawi ebe ụmụ nwanyị bi n'ime akụkụ ahụ ha <ref name=Khaleeli /> at the age of six,<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last1=Sa'dawi|first1=Nawal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I9vqMossOjoC|title=A Daughter of Isis: The Autobiography of Nawal El Saadawi|last2=Saadawi|first2=Nawal El|last3=Saʻdāwī|first3=Nawāl|last4=Saʿdāwī|first4=Nawāl as-|date=1999|publisher=[[Zed Books]]|isbn=978-1-85649-680-3|pages=63–87|language=en}}</ref> ọ bụ ezie na nna ya kwenyere na ụmụ agbọghọ na ụmụ nwoke kwesịrị ịgụ akwụkwọ. O kwuru na nne na nna ya bụ ndị nwere nnwere onwe mgbe ha na-etolite.<ref name=":1"/> Nna ya Upper Egypt bụ onye ọrụ gọọmentị na [[w:Ministry of Education (Egypt)|Ministry of Education]], onye lụsoro ọgụ megide British rebel Egypt n'oge Egypt Revolution of 1919. N'ihi ya, a chụpụrụ ya n'obodo nta dị na Naịl, gọọmentị ekweghịkwa ịkwalite ya ruo afọ 10. Ọ bụ onye na-aga n'ihu ma kụziere nwa ya nwanyị ịkwanyere onwe ya ùgwù na ikwu okwu n'uche ya. Ọ gbakwara ya ume ka ọ mụọ asụsụ Arabik. Agbanyeghị, mgbe El Saadawi dị afọ 10, ezinụlọ ya gbalịrị ime ka ọ lụọ di, mana nne ya kwadoro ya n'ịjụ.<ref name=taylor>{{Cite news |title=Nawal El Saadawi: Feminist firebrand who dared to write dangerously (obituary) |last=Taylor-Coleman |first=Jasmine |website=BBC News |date=21 March 2021 |url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-55048245}}</ref> Both her parents died at a young age,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Nawal El Saadawi|url=http://faculty.webster.edu/woolflm/saadawi.html|access-date=25 September 2015|website=faculty.webster.edu|archive-date=2 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170602080913/http://faculty.webster.edu/woolflm/saadawi.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>{{Unreliable source?|date=September 2021|sure=y|reason=This is an unpublished undergraduate student assignment paper}} na-ahapụ Saadawi naanị ibu ọrụ nke ilekọta ezinụlọ buru ibu.<ref name="bornexile">{{Cite web |url=http://www.nawalsaadawi.net/oldsite/articlesnawal/bornexile.htm |title=Exile and Resistance |first=Nawal |last=El Saadaw|website=Nawal El Saadawi/Sherif Hetata |date=November 2002|access-date=23 June 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091027223127/http://www.nawalsaadawi.net/oldsite/articlesnawal/bornexile.htm |archive-date=27 October 2009 |url-status=usurped }}</ref> Nne ya, Zaynab, sitere n'agbụrụ bara ọgaranya [[w:Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]];<ref>{{cite news|last=Cowell|first=Alan |author-link=Alan Cowell |year=2021|title=Nawal El Saadawi, Advocate for Women in the Arab World, Dies at 89 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/21/obituaries/nawal-el-saadawi-dead.html|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|quote=Nawal El Saadawi was born on Oct. 27, 1931, in the village of Kafr Tahla, a settlement in the lower Nile Delta, the second of nine children. Her mother, Zaynab (Shoukry) El Saadawi, was partially descended from a wealthy Ottoman family. Her father, Al-Sayed El Saadawi, was an official in the government’s education ministry. }}</ref> Saadawi kọwara nna nna ya nke nne ya, Shoukry,<ref>{{cite book|first=Nawal|last= El Saadawi|year=2013|title=A Daughter of Isis: The Early Life of Nawal El Saadawi|publisher=Zed Books|isbn=978-1848136403}}</ref> na nne nne ya dị ka onye Ottoman si malite.<ref name="CaliforniaUni">{{citation|first=Nawal|last= El Saadawi|year=1986|title=Memoirs from the Women's Prison|publisher=University of California Press|page=64|quote= "My eyes widened in astonishment. Even my maternal grandmother used to sing, although she was born to a Turkish mother and lived in my grandfather's house in the epoch when harems still existed." |isbn=0520088883}}</ref> Ọbụna mgbe ọ bụ nwata, ọ katọrọ obodo ndị nwoke bi na ya, ebe ụmụ nwoke ji ha kpọrọ ihe karịa ụmụ nwanyị, na-emeghachi omume n'iwe nye nne nne ya, onye kwuru na "nwoke bara uru ụmụ nwanyị iri na ise ma ọ dịkarịa ala... Ụmụ agbọghọ bụ nsogbu".<ref name=taylor/> O ji nganga kọwaa onwe ya dị ka nwanyị Ijipt agba ọchịchịrị kemgbe ọ dị obere.<ref>{{Citation|url=https://zora.medium.com/my-childhood-in-egypt-not-knowing-i-was-in-africa-27580b07a93b|title=My Childhood in Egypt, Not Knowing I Was in Africa|first=Nawal|last=El Saadawi|website=zora.medium.com|date=13 June 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=New Daughters of Africa|chapter=About Me in Africa—Politics and Religion in my Childhood|editor-first=Margaret|first=El Saadawi|last=Nawal|editor-last=Busby|publisher=[[Myriad Editions]]|edition=paperback|pages=42–44|date=2020}}</ref> == Career == Saadawi graduated as a medical doctor in 1955 from [[Cairo University]]. That year, she married Ahmed Helmi, whom she met as a fellow student in medical school. They have a daughter, Mona Helmi.<ref name=Khaleeli/> The marriage ended after two years.<ref name=JoISR>{{cite journal|first=Yusuf|last=Koseli|title=A PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH TO THE NOVEL OF NAWAL EL SAADAWI TITLED MÜZEKKİRAT TABİBE|journal=The Journal of International Social Research|date=2013|volume=6|issue=28|url=http://www.sosyalarastirmalar.com/cilt6/cilt6sayi28_pdf/koseli_yusuf.pdf|access-date=15 April 2020}}</ref><ref name=Khaleeli>{{Cite web|title = Nawal El Saadawi: Egypt's radical feminist|url = https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2010/apr/15/nawal-el-saadawi-egyptian-feminist|website =The Guardian|date= 15 April 2010|access-date =15 April 2020|first = Homa|last = Khaleeli}}</ref> Through her medical practice, she observed women's physical and psychological problems and connected them with oppressive cultural practices, patriarchal oppression, class oppression and imperialist oppression.<ref name="women">[http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/1999/462/women.htm Feminism in a nationalist century] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100419040800/http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/1999/462/women.htm |date=19 April 2010 }}</ref> Her second husband was a colleague, Rashad Bey.<ref name=JoISR/><ref>{{cite thesis|url=https://www.academia.edu/23224495|title=Voice of Oppressed from the Margins: A Critical Reading on Nawal El Saadawi's "Woman at Point Zero"|last=Puthiyakath|first=Hashim H.|publisher=[[Central University of Tamil Nadu]]|access-date=15 April 2020}}</ref> While working as a doctor in her birthplace of Kafr Tahla, she observed the hardships and inequalities faced by rural women. After attempting to protect one of her patients from [[domestic violence]], Saadawi was summoned back to Cairo. She eventually became the Director of the Ministry of [[public health|Public Health]] and met her third husband, [[Sherif Hatata]], while sharing an office in the Ministry of Health. Hatata, also a medical doctor and writer, had been a [[political prisoner]] for 13 years. They married in 1964 and have a son.<ref name="bornexile"/><ref name=Khaleeli/> Saadawi and Hatata lived together for 43 years<ref name=Cooke>{{cite web|last1=Cooke|first1=Rachel|title=Nawal El Saadawi: 'Do you feel you are liberated? I feel I am not'|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/oct/11/nawal-el-saadawi-interview-do-you-feel-you-are-liberated-not|work=[[The Observer]]|date=11 October 2015|access-date=15 April 2020}}</ref> and divorced in 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/18/62/99644/Books/Review/ElSaadawi-and-Hatata-Voyage-of-a-lifetime.aspx|title=El-Saadawi and Hatata: Voyage of a lifetime|date=24 April 2014|publisher=Ahram Online|first=Mahmoud |last=El-Wardani|access-date=15 April 2020}}</ref> [[File:Shirin Ershadi, Shirin Ebadi and Nawal el-Saadawi (2413951897).jpg|thumb|[[Shirin Ershadi]], [[Shirin Ebadi]] and Nawal el-Saadawi]] Saadawi attended [[Columbia University]], earning a master's degree in public health in 1966.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Smith|first=Harrison|date=23 March 2021|title=Nawal El Saadawi, Egyptian author, physician and feminist activist, dies at 89|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/nawal-el-saadawi-dead/2021/03/23/43c7c250-8b19-11eb-a730-1b4ed9656258_story.html|access-date=16 June 2021}}</ref> In 1972, she published ''Woman and Sex'' ({{lang|ar|المرأة والجنس}}), confronting and contextualising various aggressions perpetrated against women's bodies, including female circumcision. The book became a foundational text of [[second-wave feminism]]. As a consequence of the book and her political activities, Saadawi was dismissed from her position at the Ministry of Health.<ref name="women" /> She also lost her positions as chief editor of a health journal, and as Assistant General Secretary in the Medical Association in Egypt. From 1973 to 1976, Saadawi worked on researching women and [[neurosis]] in [[Ain Shams University]]'s Faculty of Medicine. From 1979 to 1980, she was the [[United Nations]] Advisor for the Women's Programme in Africa (ECA) and the Middle East (ECWA).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://scholarblogs.emory.edu/postcolonialstudies/2014/06/11/saadawi-nawal-el-2/|title=Saadawi, Nawal el – Postcolonial Studies|website=scholarblogs.emory.edu|language=en-US|access-date=31 July 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r9SPVEG3cv0C&q=Nawal+Saadawi+united+nations+advisor+1979&pg=PR1|title=The Nawal El Saadawi Reader|last=Saʻdāwī|first=Nawāl|date=15 December 1997|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=9781856495141|language=en}}</ref> === Ikpe ụlọ ikpe megide ya === Na 2002, Nabih el-Wahsh mere mgbalị iwu n'ụlọ ikpe Ijipt ịgba el-Saadawi alụkwaghịm n'aka di ya n'ụzọ iwu kwadoro n'ihi [[w:hisbah|hesba]], ụkpụrụ nke narị afọ nke 9 nke shariah law, nke na-ekwe ka a mara ndị Alakụba a na-ahụ na ha na-emebi Islam ikpe. Ihe akaebe e ji megide ya bụ ajụjụ ọnụ nke Machị ebe el-Wahsh kwuru na ọ gbahapụrụ Islam. Mgbalị iwu ahụ agaghị nke ọma.<ref name=Khaleeli /><ref>{{Cite web |date=18 June 2001 |title=Cairo writer threatened with divorce |url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2001/jun/18/internationaleducationnews.highereducation |access-date=22 December 2022 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref> N'afọ 2008, e mere otu ihe ahụ iji napụ el-Saadawi mba Ijipt ya n'ihi echiche na ihe odide ya siri ike, mgbalị a agaghịkwa enwe isi.<ref name=Khaleeli /> === Mkpọrọ === Kemgbe gọọmentị Ijipt lere ya anya dị ka ihe na-ese okwu ma dị ize ndụ, Saadawi nyere aka bipụta akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị otu nwanyị na 1981 nke akpọrọ ''Confrontation.'' President of Egypt Anwar Sadat tụrụ ya mkpọrọ na Septemba.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Uglow|first1=Jennifer S.|author2=Maggy Hendry|title=The Northeastern Dictionary of Women's Biography|url=https://archive.org/details/northeasterndict0000uglo|url-access=registration|year=1999|publisher=Northeastern University Press|isbn= 9781555534219|pages=[https://archive.org/details/northeasterndict0000uglo/page/189 189]–190}}</ref> Saadawi kwuru otu oge n'ajụjụ ọnụ a gbara ya: "E jidere m n'ihi na ekwere m Sadat. O kwuru na e nwere ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na anyị nwere usoro ọtụtụ pati, ị nwekwara ike ịkatọ ya. Ya mere, amalitere m ịkatọ iwu ya, m wee banye n'ụlọ mkpọrọ." Sadat kwuru na ọchịchị e guzobere bụ ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya maka ndị mmadụ, nakwa na ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya dị njikere maka nkatọ bara uru. Dịka Saadawi si kwuo, Sadat tụrụ ya mkpọrọ n'ihi nkatọ ya maka ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya. Ọbụna n'ụlọ mkpọrọ, ọ ka chọtara ụzọ isi lụso mmegbu ụmụ nwanyị ọgụ. Mgbe ọ nọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ, o guzobere otu Arab Women's Solidarity Association. Nke a bụ otu mbụ iwu kwadoro na nke nwere onwe ya na Egypt. N'ụlọ mkpọrọ, a jụrụ ya pen na akwụkwọ, agbanyeghị, nke ahụ egbochighị ya ịnọgide na-ede ihe. O jiri "pensụl nku anya ojii siri ike" na "obere akwụkwọ mposi ochie na nke gbawara agbawa" dekọọ echiche ya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Interview with Nawal el aasawi|url=http://www.nyu.edu/classes/keefer/twenty/nawal.html|last=Network|first=Vile News|date=2015|access-date=26 April 2020}}</ref> A tọhapụrụ ya n'afọ ahụ, otu ọnwa ka e gbusịrị Onyeisiala. Banyere ahụmịhe ya, o dere, sị: "Ihe ize ndụ abụrụla akụkụ nke ndụ m kemgbe m were mkpịsị akwụkwọ wee dee ihe. Ọ dịghị ihe dị ize ndụ karịa eziokwu n'ụwa nke dị ụgha."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/2001/06/03/stories/13030786.htm |title=Egypt's face of courage |work=The Hindu|first=Kalpana|last=Sharma|date=3 June 2001|access-date=25 September 2013 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041030002518/http://www.hinduonnet.com/2001/06/03/stories/13030786.htm |archive-date=30 October 2004 }}</ref> Na afọ 1982, o hiwere otu Arab Women's Solidarity Association.<ref>Hussey, Sierra, [https://www.sahistory.org.za/archive/biography-nawal-el-saadawi-sierra-hussey "Biography of Nawal El Saadawi"], South African History Online.</ref> Ọ kọwara otu ya dị ka "onye akụkọ ihe mere eme, onye na-akwado ọchịchị ọha, na onye na-akwado ikike ụmụ nwanyị".<ref>{{cite magazine |url= https://www.aljadid.com/node/2254|title= Nawal El-Saadawi's 'Daughter of Isis' Life and Times via the Plenitude of Her Writings |first=D.H. |last=Melhem|website=Al Jadid Magazine|volume= 5|number= 29|date=Autumn 1999|access-date=22 March 2021}}</ref> Saadawi bụ otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị e jidere n'ụlọ mkpọrọ ụmụ nwanyị Qanatir. Mkpọrọ ya bụ ntọala maka afọ 1983 ya. ''Memoirs from the Women's Prison'' ({{langx|ar|مذكرات في سجن النساء }}). Mkparịta ụka ya na onye mkpọrọ nọ na Qanatir, afọ itoolu tupu a tụọ ya mkpọrọ ebe ahụ, bụ ihe mkpali maka ọrụ mbụ ya, akwụkwọ akụkọ akpọrọ aha ya bụ ''Woman at Point Zero'' ({{langx|ar|امرأة عند نقطة الصفر}}, 1975).<ref name="Krajeski, The New Yorker">{{Cite magazine|url=http://www.newyorker.com/books/page-turner/the-books-of-nawal-el-saadawi|title=The Books of Nawal El Saadawi|magazine=[[The New Yorker]]|first=Jenna|last=Krajeski|date=7 March 2011|access-date=31 July 2017}}</ref> === Mkpagbu ndị ọzọ, nkuzi na US, na ngagharị iwe ndị ọzọ mechara mee === Na 1993, mgbe ndị Alakụba na mkpagbu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị yiri ndụ ya egwu, a manyere Saadawi ịgbapụ n'Ijipt. Ọ nabatara onyinye ịkụzi ihe na Ngalaba Asụsụ Eshia na Afrịka nke Mahadum Duke dị na [[North Carolina]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Former Visiting Professor in Court, Under Fire in Egypt|url=https://today.duke.edu/2001/06/el-saadawi629.html|date=29 June 2001|website=Duke Today|publisher=Duke University|access-date=1 April 2021|language=en}}</ref><ref name=BMJ>Dr Dora Carpenter-Latiri, [http://blogs.bmj.com/medical-humanities/2015/11/11/the-reading-room-a-review-of-memoirs-of-a-woman-doctor/ "The Reading Room: A review of ‘Memoirs of a woman doctor{{'"}}], ''BMJ'' Blog, 11 November 2015.</ref> nakwa na Mahadum Washington. O mechara nọrọ n'ọtụtụ kọleji na mahadum ndị a ma ama dịka Mahadum Cairo, Harvard, Yale, [[w:Mahadum Columbia|Columbia]], [[w:Mahadum Paris|Sorbonne]], [[w:Mahadum Georgetown|Georgetown]], Mahadum Steeti Florida, na Mahadum California, Berkeley. Na 1996, ọ laghachiri Ijipt.<ref name="BMJ"/><ref>{{cite web|last=Ling|first= Jessica |url=http://www.warscapes.com/blog/today-history-happy-85th-birthday-nawal-el-saadawi |title=Today in History: Happy 85th Birthday, Nawal El Saadawi!|website=Warscapes|date=27 October 2016}}</ref> Saadawi gara n'ihu na-akwado ya ma chee echiche ịzọ ọkwa na 2005 ntuli aka onyeisiala Ijipt, tupu ọ pụọ n'ihi ihe siri ike achọrọ maka ndị ga-azọ ọkwa nke mbụ.<ref>[https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2005/7/16/egypt-presidential-aspirant-pulls-out "Egypt presidential aspirant pulls out"], AlJazeera, 16 July 2005. Retrieved 21 July 2021.</ref> O so n'ime ndị ngagharị iwe na Tahrir Square na 2011.<ref>{{cite web|first=Elizabeth |last=Rubin|url=http://www.newsweek.com/2011/03/06/the-feminists-in-the-middle-of-tahrir-square.html |title=The Feminists in the Middle of Tahrir Square|work=[[Newsweek]]|date= 6 March 2011}}</ref> O kwuru ka a kwụsị nkuzi okpukperechi n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị Ijipt.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nawal El Saadawi – Illustrated Women in History |url=https://illustratedwomeninhistory.com/nawal-el-saadawi-is-an-egyptian-feminist-writer/ |date=28 October 2015|access-date=15 May 2022 |language=en-US}}</ref> Saadawi was awarded the 2004 North–South Prize by the Council of Europe.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/nscentre/winners_nsp_EN.asp|title=North-South Centre homepage|website=North-South Centre|language=en-GB|access-date=18 March 2018}}</ref> Na Julaị 2016, ọ bụ onyeisi emume akwụkwọ Royal African Society nke akpọrọ "Africa Writes" na London, ebe o kwuru okwu gbasara "On Being a Woman Writer" na mkparịta ụka ya na [[Margaret Busby]].<ref>{{cite web|first=Kelechi |last=Iwumene|url=http://africawrites.org/blog/africa-writes-2016-the-round-up/ |title=Africa Writes 2016: The Round-Up|publisher=Royal African Society|date= July 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://africawrites.org/uncategorized/on-being-a-woman-writer-nawal-el-saadawi-in-conversation-2/ |title=On Being A Woman Writer: Nawal El Saadawi in conversation|website= Africa Writes|publisher=Royal African Society|date= 2 July 2016}}</ref> [[File:Nawal El Saadawi, April 2012 (cropped).jpg|thumb|April 2012]] Na Göteborg Book Fair nke mere na Septemba 27 ruo 30, 2018, Saadawi gara seminar gbasara mmepe na Ijipt na Middle East mgbe Arab Spring gasịrị.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gp.se/kultur/kultur/nawal-el-sadaawi-till-bokm%C3%A4ssan-1.7940393|title=Nawal El Sadaawi till Bokmässan|work=Göteborgs-Posten|language=sv|date=29 August 2018|access-date=10 October 2018}}</ref> ma n'oge okwu ya na mmemme ahụ kwuru na ike ụwa niile "ndị ọchịchị aka ike, ndị isi obodo, ndị ọchịchị alaeze ukwu, ndị na-akpa ókè agbụrụ", nke United States na-edu, jikọrọ aka na gọọmentị Ijipt iji kwụsị mgbanwe Ijipt nke afọ 2011. O kwukwara na ya chetara ịhụ Odeakwụkwọ nke Mba U.S. n'oge ahụ [[Hillary Clinton]] na Tahrir Square ka ọ na-enye ndị ntorobịa akwụkwọ dollar iji gbaa ha ume ka ha votu maka Ụmụnna Ndị Alakụba na ntuli aka na-abịa.,<ref>[https://www.memri.org/tv/egyptian-activist-nawal-saadawi-saw-hillary-clinton-dollars-tahrir-square "Onye na-akwado ikike ụmụnwaanyị Ijipt bụ Nawal El Saadawi: Ahụrụ m Hillary Clinton ka ọ na-enye ego mba Amerịka na Tahrir Square ka ndị mmadụ wee tụọ vootu maka ụmụnna ndị Alakụba"], [[Memri TV]], 30 Septemba 2018</ref> ọ bụ ezie na enweghị ihe akaebe na ihe a a na-ekwu mere. Nawal El Saadawi nwere ọkwa dịka onye dere akwụkwọ maka Kansụl Kasị Elu maka Nkà na Sayensị Mmekọrịta, Cairo; Onyeisi Isi nke Ngalaba Mmụta Ahụike, Ministry of Health, Cairo, Odeakwụkwọ Ukwu nke Medical Association, Cairo, Egypt, na dọkịta na Ụlọ Ọgwụ Mahadum na [[w:Ministry of Health and Population (Egypt)|Ministry of Health]]. Ọ bụ onye hiwere otu agụmakwụkwọ ahụike na otu ndị edemede ụmụ nwanyị Ijipt; ọ bụkwa onyeisi nchịkọta akụkọ nke "Health Magazine" na Cairo, nakwa onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke "Medical Association Magazine".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ipb.org/nawal-el-sadaawi-in-memory/|title=Nawal El Sadaawi – In Memory|first=Ingeborg |last=Breines|author-link=Ingeborg Breines|website=ipb.org|publisher=IPB – International Peace Bureau|access-date=19 February 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gold.ac.uk/news/nawal-el-saadawi-tribute/|title=Tribute to doctor, writer and activist Nawal El Saadawi|website=gold.ac.uk|publisher=[[Goldsmiths University of London]]|date=26 March 2021|access-date=19 February 2024}}</ref> == Ide ihe == [[File:Nawal El Saadawi 02.JPG|thumb|right|Saadawi at the Göteborg Book Fair na 2010]] Saadawi malitere ide ihe na mbido ọrụ ya. Ihe odide mbụ ya gụnyere ọtụtụ akụkọ dị mkpirikpi nke akpọrọ ''Amụtara m Ịhụnanya'' (1957) na akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya, ''Memoirs of a Woman Doctor'' (1958). O mechara dee ọtụtụ akwụkwọ akụkọ na obere akụkọ na akwụkwọ ncheta onwe ya, ''Memoir from the Women's Prison'' (1986). E bipụtala Saadawi n'ọtụtụ akwụkwọ akụkọ, a sụgharịkwara ọrụ ya site na Arabic mbụ gaa na ihe karịrị asụsụ 30.<ref>Van Allen, Judith Imel, [https://books.google.com/books?id=fy11AwAAQBAJ&dq=saadawi+translated+into+more+than+30+languages&pg=PT1369 "Saadawi, Nawal El (1931–)"], in Gary L. Anderson and Kathryn G. Herr (eds), ''Encyclopedia of Activism and Social Justice'', Sage Publications, 2007, pp. 1249–1250.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=El Saadawi, Nawal (1932–) {{!}} Encyclopedia.com |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/international/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/el-saadawi-nawal-1932 |access-date=15 May 2022 |website=www.encyclopedia.com}}</ref> Na 1972, o bipụtara akwụkwọ mbụ ya nke anaghị akụkọ ifo, ''Women and Sex'',<ref name="women" /> which evoked the antagonism of highly placed political and theological authorities.<ref name="Krajeski, The New Yorker" /> O mekwara ka a chụọ ya n'ọrụ na Ministri Ahụike.<ref name="women" /> Ọrụ ndị ọzọ gụnyere ''The Hidden Face of Eve'',<ref>{{cite book |title=The hidden face of Eve : women in the Arab world |oclc=924716956 }}</ref> ''God Dies by the Nile'',<ref>{{cite book |title=God dies by the Nile |oclc=12583064 }}</ref> ''The Circling Song'',<ref>{{cite book |title=The circling song |oclc=18587928 }}</ref> ''Searching'',<ref>{{cite book |title=Searching |oclc=24707056 }}</ref> ''The Fall of the Imam'' (a kọwara ya dị ka "mkpughe dị ike ma na-akpali akpali nke ihe egwu ndị ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụaka nwere ike ikpughe site na nkwenkwe okpukpe"),<ref>{{cite journal |first=Philip |last=Womack |author-link=Philip Womack |url=http://newhumanist.org.uk/2119/the-fall-of-the-imam-by-nawal-el-saadawi |title=The Fall of the Imam by Nawal El Saadawi (review) |journal=[[New Humanist]] |date=20 August 2009}}</ref> and ''Woman at Point Zero''.<!--{{Citation needed|date=March 2021}}--><ref>{{cite book|title=Woman at point zero |oclc=10887569 }}</ref> Ọtụtụ mmadụ akatọọla ọrụ ya bụ 'The Hidden Face of Eve' maka nkwupụta na ọ na-ede maka "onye mba ọzọ na-akatọ onye mba ọzọ".<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=Amireh |first=Amal |date=2000 |title=Framing Nawal El Saadawi: Arab Feminism in a Transnational World |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/495572 |journal=Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=215–249 |doi=10.1086/495572 |s2cid=143010343 |issn=0097-9740|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Aha mbụ nke akwụkwọ ahụ, nke a sụgharịrị ozugbo na Bekee bụ "Ihu Gbara Ọtọ nke Nwanyị Arab" ewepụrụkwa ọtụtụ isiakwụkwọ na mbipụta Bekee nke akwụkwọ ahụ, ma e jiri ya tụnyere nke mbụ nke Arabic ahụ.<ref name=":3" /> O tinyere aka na ihe nkiri "Mgbe nwanyị nupụrụ isi" na akwụkwọ akụkọ nke afọ 1984 ''Sisterhood Is Global'', nke edeziri site na onye deziri ya Robin Morgan,<ref name="global">{{cite web |url=https://catalog.vsc.edu/lscfind/Record/154795/TOC#tabnav |title=Sisterhood Is Global: Table of Contents |publisher=Catalog.vsc.edu |access-date=15 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208065459/https://catalog.vsc.edu/lscfind/Record/154795/TOC#tabnav |archive-date=8 December 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ma bụrụ onye tinyere aka na nchịkọta akụkọ nke afọ 2019 ''New Daughters of Africa'', edited by [[Margaret Busby]], nke gụnyere edemede ya "Banyere M n'Africa—Ndọrọ Ndọrọ Ọchịchị na Okpope n'oge Nwatakịrị M".<ref>[[Imani Perry|Perry, Imani]] (29 March 2019), [https://www.ft.com/content/2a4e64a8-508a-11e9-8f44-fe4a86c48b33 "New Daughters of Africa — a new anthology of a groundbreaking book"], ''[[Financial Times]]''.</ref><ref>Rocker-Clinton, Johnna (August 2019), [https://sanfranciscobookreview.com/product/new-daughters-of-africa-an-international-anthology-of-writing-by-women-of-african-descent/ "Margaret Busby does it again!"] (review of ''New Daughters of Africa: An International Anthology of Writing by Women of African Descent''), ''San Francisco Book Review''.</ref> E bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ Saadawi nke akpọrọ 'Zeina' na Lebanọn n'afọ 2009. E bipụtara nsụgharị French ahụ n'okpuru aha njirimara Nawal Zeinab el Sayed, site na iji aha nne ya mbụ.<ref>{{cite news|title=Radical writer back with vengeance|url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/world/africa/radical-writer-back-with-vengeance-1.486421/|work= The National|access-date=17 November 2014|date=7 September 2009}}</ref> Saadawi na-asụ asụsụ [[asụsụ Bekee|Bekee]] nke ọma, tinyere obodo ya.Egyptian Arabic.<ref>{{cite web|first=Hans Ulrich |last=Obrist|url=http://www.e-flux.com/journal/42/60256/in-conversation-with-nawal-el-saadawi/ |title=In Conversation with Nawal El Saadawi|website=e-flux Journal|number=42|date= February 2013}}</ref> Dịka o si dee ya n'asụsụ Arabic, ọ hụrụ ajụjụ nke ịtụgharị asụsụ Bekee ma ọ bụ French dị ka "nnukwu nsogbu" nke jikọtara ya na eziokwu ahụ bụ na <blockquote>"ike ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya bụ nke Bekee ma ọ bụ French na-asụkarị.... Ndị nwere nnukwu akwụkwọ n'ụwa ka na-eleghara m anya, n'ihi na m na-ede ihe n'asụsụ Arabic, nakwa n'ihi na m na-akatọ echiche ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya, nke onye na-achị obodo, nke onye na-akpa ókè agbụrụ, na nke ndị nna ochie nke ndị ọchịchị ukwu."<ref>{{cite web|first=Dele Meiji|last=Fatunla|url=http://newafricanmagazine.com/nawal-el-saadawi-identity-not-fixed/|title=Nawal El Saadawi: 'My identity is not fixed'|magazine=[[New African]]|date=30 June 2016|access-date=8 October 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170706045108/http://newafricanmagazine.com/nawal-el-saadawi-identity-not-fixed/|archive-date=6 July 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref></blockquote> Akwụkwọ ya ''Mufakirat Tifla fi Al-Khamisa wa Al-Thamaneen''(Akwụkwọ Ndetu nke Nwa agbọghọ dị afọ 85), nke dabere na ihe e dere n'akwụkwọ akụkọ ya, ka e bipụtara n'afọ 2017.<ref>{{cite web|first=Mahmoud |last=El-Wardani|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/18/62/273741/Books/Review/At-,-Nawal-ElSaadawi-writes-about-Nawal-ElSaadawi.aspx |title=At 85, Nawal El-Saadawi writes about Nawal El-Saadawi|website=Ahram Online|date= 5 August 2017}}</ref> == Echiche == ===Mmegide megide mmebi akụkụ ahụ nwoke na nwanyị=== Mgbe ọ dị obere, Saadawi mere usoro nke ebe ụmụ nwanyị na-ebipụ akụkụ ahụ ha.<ref>el-Saadawi, Nawal, ''The Hidden Face of Eve'', Part 1: The Mutilated Half.</ref> Mgbe ọ bụ okenye, o dere gbasara omume a ma katọọ ya. O zara ọnwụ nke otu nwa agbọghọ dị afọ iri na abụọ, Bedour Shaker, n'oge a na-eme ịwa ahụ maka ibi úgwù n'ime akụkụ ahụ mmadụ na 2007 site n'ide ihe: "Bedour, ị̀ nwụrụ anwụ ka ìhè wee nwuo n'uche ndị gbara ọchịchịrị? Ị ga-eji ndụ gị dị oké ọnụ ahịa kwụọ ụgwọ ... ka ndị dọkịta na ndị ụkọchukwu mụta na okpukpe ziri ezi anaghị ebipụ akụkụ ahụ ụmụaka?"<ref>Michael, Maggie, [https://web.archive.org/web/20070702171148/http://www.physorg.com/news102393179.html "Egypt Officials Ban Female Circumcision"<!-- Bot generated title -->], Phys.org, 30 June 2007. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070702171148/http://www.physorg.com/news102393179.html |date=2 July 2007 }}.</ref> Dịka dọkịta na onye na-akwado ikike mmadụ, Saadawi megidere ibi ụmụ nwoke úgwù. O kwenyere na ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị kwesịrị ka e chebe ha pụọ ​​na mmebi akụkụ ahụ ha.<ref name="theglobaldispatches">{{cite web|url=http://www.theglobaldispatches.com/articles/nawal-al-saadawi|first=Allston|last=Mitchell|title=Nawal al Saadawi|work=The Global Dispatches|date=16 May 2010|access-date=12 February 2014|archive-date=7 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170707223358/http://www.theglobaldispatches.com/articles/nawal-al-saadawi|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Ọchịchị mmadụ na Feminism === Saadawi kọwara onwe ya dị ka "onye na-akwado ụmụnwaanyị na soshal midia", na-ekwere na a pụghị imeri ọgụ ụmụnwaanyị n'okpuru ọchịchị kapitalizim.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Fawzy |first=Mary |date=7 May 2021 |title=The socialist feminism of Nawal El Saadawi |url=https://www.newframe.com/the-socialist-feminism-of-nawal-el-saadawi/ |access-date=22 December 2022 |website=New Frame}}</ref> Nkwenye a nke ndị otu ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya apụtala site n'ikpe na-ezighị ezi ọ hụrụ ná ndụ ya.<ref name=":4" /> N'akwụkwọ ya bụ 'The Zoro Ezo nke Eve', o dere gbasara otu a na-agaghị esi kewapụ ndụ mmekọahụ na nke mmetụta uche nke ndị mmadụ na ndụ akụnụba ha na mmepụta ha, ya mere iwu ọnọdụ onwe onye na mba Arab ga-abụrịrị ihe kacha mkpa nye ndị socialist.<ref>{{Citation |chapter=Introduction |date=2015 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350251076.0006 |title=The Hidden Face of Eve |publisher=Zed Books |doi=10.5040/9781350251076.0006 |isbn=978-0-90576-251-7 |access-date=22 December 2022|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name=":4" /> N'ajụjụ ọnụ a gbara ya na 2018, o kwuru na ya abụghị onye Marxist, ebe ọ gụchara akwụkwọ ya nke ọ chọpụtara na ọ na-enwe nsogbu na ya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nawal El Saadawi on feminism, fiction and the illusion of democracy |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=djMfFU7DIB8 |language=en |publisher=[[Channel 4 News]]|via=YouTube|date=13 June 2018|access-date=22 December 2022}}</ref> ===Okpukperechi=== N'ajụjụ ọnụ ya nke afọ 2014, Saadawi kwuru na "isi ihe kpatara mmegbu ụmụ nwanyị dị n'usoro ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya zuru ụwa ọnụ, nke okpukperechi kwadoro".<ref>{{Cite web|title = They don't want any really courageous people!|url = http://en.qantara.de/content/interview-with-nawal-el-saadawi-they-dont-want-any-really-courageous-people|website = Qantara.de - Dialogue with the Islamic World|access-date =5 November 2015|last = Fariborz|first = Arian|date =5 July 2014}}</ref> Mgbe ọtụtụ narị mmadụ nwụrụ n'ihe a kpọr "stampede" n'oge njem njem 2015 (Hajj) nke ndị Alakụba gaa Mecca, Saudi Arabia, o kwuru, sị: <blockquote>"Ha na-ekwu maka ịgbanwe ụzọ e si achịkwa Hajj, gbasara ime ka ndị mmadụ na-eme njem n'obere ìgwè. Ihe ha na-ekwughị bụ na ihe a mere n'ihi na ndị a na-alụ ọgụ ịtụ ekwensu nkume. Gịnị mere ha ji kwesị ịtụ ekwensu nkume? Gịnị mere ha ji kwesị isusu nkume ojii ahụ ọnụ? Mana ọ dịghị onye ga-ekwu nke a. Ndị mgbasa ozi agaghị ebipụta ya. Gịnị ka ọ bụ, enweghị mmasị ịkatọ okpukpe? ... Ọjụjụ a ịkatọ okpukpe ... abụghị liberalism. Nke a bụ mmachibido iwu."<ref name=Cooke /></blockquote> O kwuru na ihe ndị dị na Hajj, dịka isusu Okute Ojii ọnụ, nwere mgbọrọgwụ ndị ọgọ mmụọ tupu okpukpe Islam.<ref>Fiona Lloyd-Davies, [https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/correspondent/1619902.stm "No compromise"], ''Correspondent'', BBC News, 26 October 2001.</ref> Saadawi was involved in the academic exploration of Arab identity throughout her writing career.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Hanadi|first1=Al-Samman|title=Diasporic Na(rra)tions: Arab Women Rewriting Exile|date=2000|publisher=[[Indiana University]]|page=25}}</ref> Saadawi kọwara mkpuchi ihu nke ndị Alakụba dị ka "ngwaọrụ mmegbu ụmụ nwanyị".<ref name="theglobaldispatches" /> ===Ebumnuche nke ụmụ nwanyị=== Ọ katọrọkwa ihe megidere ihe ndị e ji mara ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ nwanyị n'usoro mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya nke a na-ahụkarị na Yuropu na US,<ref>{{cite book|last1=El Saadawi|first1=Nawal|title=The Nawal El Saadawi Reader|publisher=Zed Books|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r9SPVEG3cv0C|date=1997|isbn=9781856495141|access-date=8 April 2015}}</ref> na-akpasu ndị otu nwanyị ibe ha iwe site n'ikwu okwu megide etemeete na uwe ndị na-ekpughe ihe.<ref name=taylor/> ===United States=== N'okwu nkuzi nke afọ 2002 na Mahadum California na Berkeley's Center for Middle Eastern Studies, Saadawi kọwara agha nke US duziri megide Afghanistan dị ka "agha iji mee ihe n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi na mmanụ dị na mpaghara ahụ", na amụma mba ofesi nke US na nkwado ya nye Israel dị ka "ezigbo iyi ọha egwu.".<ref>{{cite web|last1=Pasquini|first1=Elaine|title=El Saadawi Calls U.S. Foreign Policy 'Real Terrorism'|url=https://www.questia.com/magazine/1P3-110120822/el-saadawi-calls-u-s-foreign-policy-real-terrorism|via=|work=Washington Report on Middle East Affairs|date=March 2002|access-date=|archive-date=9 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160409040731/https://www.questia.com/magazine/1P3-110120822/el-saadawi-calls-u-s-foreign-policy-real-terrorism|url-status=dead}}</ref> Saadawi held the opinion that Egyptians are forced into poverty by US aid.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Nielsen|first1=Nikolaj|title=Nawal El Saadawi: 'I am against stability. We need revolution'|url=http://chronikler.com/middle-east/egypt/nawal-el-saadawi-interview/|access-date=19 November 2014|work=The Chronikler|date=11 July 2013}}</ref> ==Nyoyo== Saadawi bụ isiokwu nke ihe nkiri "She Speaked the Unspeakable", nke Jill Nicholls duziri, nke a na-agbasa na February 2017 na usoro ihe nkiri telivishọn BBC One ''[[w:Imagine (usoro ihe nkiri TV)|Imagine]]''.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b08g7hr8 "She Spoke the Unspeakable"], BBC One, ''Imagine'', Winter 2017. [http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x5cu7f1 Via] Dailymotion.</ref> ==Ọnwụ== Saadawi nwụrụ n'abalị iri abụọ na otu nke ọnwa Maachị afọ 2021, mgbe ọ dị afọ iri asatọ na itoolu, n'ụlọọgwụ dị na Cairo.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://english.ahram.org.eg/News/407474.aspx|title=Renowned Egyptian feminist, author Nawal El-Saadawi dies at the age of 89|website=Ahram Online|first=Mohammed |last=Saad |date=21 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://egyptianstreets.com/2021/03/21/pioneering-egyptian-feminist-nawal-el-saadawi-dies-aged-89/|title=Pioneering Egyptian Feminist Nawal El Saadawi Dies Aged 89|website=Egyptian Streets|date=21 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/1829281/offbeat |title=Arab author, women's rights icon Nawal El-Saadawi dies in Cairo |website=Arab News |date=21 March 2021 }}</ref> Her life was commemorated on BBC Radio 4's obituary programme ''Last Word''.<ref>{{cite episode| title= Nawal El Saadawi (pictured), Brigadier Jack Thomas, President John Magufuli, Ion Mihai Pacepa| series= Last Word| credits= Producer: Neil George; Interviewed guests: [[Mona Eltahawy]], Sally Nabil| station= BBC Radio 4| airdate= 26 March 2021| url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/m000tg67 | access-date= 28 March 2021 }}</ref> ==Ihe nrite na nsọpụrụ ahọpụtara== *2004: North–South Prize site na Council of Europe<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.coe.int/en/web/north-south-centre/previous-laureates-of-the-north-south-prize|title=Previous laureates of the North-South Prize|publisher=Council of Europe|website=coe.int}}</ref> *2005: Inana International Prize, Belgium<ref name="auto1"/> *2007: Honorary Doctorate, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium<ref>{{cite book|chapter-url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-1-137-58730-5_4|publisher=Nawal El Saadawi|doi=10.1007/978-1-137-58730-5_4|title=Diary of a Child Called Souad|year=2016|last1=El Saadawi|first1=Nawal|chapter=Nawal el Saadawi and a History of Oppression: Brief Biographical Facts |pages=153–158|isbn=978-1-137-58936-1}}</ref> *2007: Honorary Doctorate, Université libre de Bruxelles, Belgium<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ulb.be/en/about-ulb/ulbs-honorary-doctorates|title=ULB's honorary doctorates|website=ulb.be|publisher=Université libre de Bruxelles}}</ref> *2010: Honorary Doctorate, National Autonomous University of Mexico]], Mexico<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.barrons.com/news/author-physician-nawal-el-saadawi-egypt-s-critic-of-taboos-01616337305?tesla=y|title=Author, Physician Nawal El-Saadawi, Egypt's Critic Of Taboos|website=barrons.com|first=Farid|last= Farid|publisher=Barron's|date=21 March 2021}}</ref> *2011: Stig Dagerman Prize<ref>{{cite web |url=http://blog.svd.se/kultur/2012/01/09/motvillig-el-saadawi-far-dagermanpriset/ |title=Motvillig El Saadawi får Dagermanpriset |work=[[SvD]] |language=sv |date=9 January 2012 |access-date=27 October 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aftonbladet.se/kultur/article14833794.ab |title=Lydnad är ett dödligt gift |work=Kultur |language=sv |date=15 May 2012 |access-date=27 October 2012}}</ref> *2012: Seán MacBride Peace Prize<ref name="auto2"/> *2015: BBC's 100 Women<ref name="bbc">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-34745739|title=BBC 100 Women 2015: Who is on the list?|date=17 November 2015|work=BBC News|access-date=3 August 2019|language=en-GB}}</ref> *2020: ''[[w:Time (magazine)|Time]]''{{'}}s 100 Women of the Year (1981)<ref> {{cite magazine |url=https://time.com/5793662/nawal-el-saadawi-100-women-of-the-year/ |title=1981: Nawal El Saadawi |magazine=Time |date=5 March 2020 }}</ref> ==Ọrụ ndị ahọpụtara== Saadawi dere ihe nke ọma, wee tinye ụfọdụ n'ime ọrụ ya n'ịntanetị.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Amireh |first=Amal |date=2000 |title=Framing Nawal El Saadawi: Arab Feminism in a Transnational World |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3175385 |journal=Signs |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=215–249 |doi=10.1086/495572 |jstor=3175385 |s2cid=143010343 |issn=0097-9740|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Saiti |first1=Ramzi |last2=Salti |first2=Ramzi M. |date=1994 |title=Paradise, Heaven, and Other Oppressive Spaces: A Critical Examination of the Life and Works of Nawal el-Saadawi |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4183334 |journal=Journal of Arabic Literature |volume=25 |issue=2 |pages=152–174 |doi=10.1163/157006494X00059 |jstor=4183334 |issn=0085-2376|url-access=subscription }}</ref> '''Akwụkwọ akụkọ na akwụkwọ akụkọ''' * ''Mudhakkirat tabiba'' (Cairo, 1958). ''Memoirs of a Woman Doctor'', trans. [[Catherine Cobham]] (Saqi Books, 1988) * ''Al ghayib'' (Cairo, 1965). ''Searching'', trans. Shirley Eber (Zed Books, 1991) * ''Imra'tani fi-Imra'a'' (Cairo, 1968). ''Two Women in One'', trans. [[Osman Nusairi]] and Jana Gough (Saqi Books, 1985) * ''Maut ar-raǧul al-waḥīd ʿala ‚l-arḍ'' (1974). ''[[God Dies by the Nile]]'', trans. [[Sherif Hetata]] (Zed Books, 1985) * ''Al-khait wa'ayn al-hayat'' (Cairo, 1976). ''The Well of Life and the Thread: Two Short Novels'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Lime Tree, 1993) * ''Ughniyat al-atfal al da iriyah'' (Beirut: Dar al-Adab, 1977). ''The Circling Song'', trans. Marilyn Booth (Zed Books, 1989) * ''Emra'a enda noktat el sifr'' (Beirut: Dar al-Adab, 1977). ''[[Woman at Point Zero]]'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Zed Books, 1983) * ''Mawt Ma'ali al-Wazir Sabiqan'' (1980). ''Death of an Ex-Minister'', trans. Shirley Eber (Methuen, 1987) * ''Suqūṭ al-imām'' (Cairo, 1987). ''[[The Fall of the Imam]]'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Methuen, 1988) * ''Jann āt wa-Iblīs'' (Beirut, 1992). ''The Innocence of the Devil'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Methuen, 1994) * ''Ḥubb fī zaman al-naf̣t'' (Cairo, 1993). ''Love in the Kingdom of Oil'', trans. [[Basil Hatim]] and Malcolm Williams (Saqi Books, 2001) * ''Al-Riwayah'' (Cairo: Dar El Hilal, 2004). ''The Novel'', trans. [[Omnia Amin]] and [[Rick London]] (Interlink Books, 2009) * ''Zeina'' (Beirut: Dar Al Saqi, 2009). ''Zeina'', trans. [[Amira Nowaira]] (Saqi Books, 2011) '''Nchịkọta akụkọ dị mkpirikpi''' * ''Ta'allamt al-hubb'' (Cairo, 1957). ''I Learned Love'' * ''Lahzat sidq'' (Cairo, 1959). ''Moment of Truth'' * ''Little Tenderness'' (Cairo, 1960) * ''al-Khayt wa-l-jidar'' (1972). ''The Thread and the Wall'' * ''Ain El Hayat'' (Beirut, 1976) * ''Kānat hiya al-aḍʻaf'' ["She Was the Weaker"] (1979). ''She Has No Place in Paradise'', trans. Shirley Eber (Methuen, 1987). Includes three additional stories: "She Has No Place in Paradise", "Two Women Friends", and "'Beautiful'". * ''Adab Am Kellet Abad'' (Cairo, 2000) '''Egwuregwu''' * ''Ithna 'ashar imra'a fi zinzana wahida'' (Cairo, 1984). ''Twelve Women in a Cell'' * ''Isis'' (Cairo, 1985) * ''God Resigns in the Summit Meeting'' (1996), published by Madbouli, and four other plays included in her ''Collected Works'' (45 books in Arabic), Cairo: Madbouli, 2007 * ''Twelve Women in a Cell: Plays by Mediterranean Women'' (Aurora Metro Books, 1994) '''Ihe ncheta''' * ''Mudhakkirat fi Sijn al-Nisa'' (Cairo, 1983). ''Memoirs from the Women's Prison'', trans. Marilyn Booth ([[The Women's Press]], 1986) * ''Rihlati hawla al-'alam'' (Cairo, 1986). ''My Travels Around the World'', trans. Shirley Eber (Methuen, 1991) * ''Memoirs of a Child Called Soad'' (Cairo, 1990) * ''Awraqi hayati'', first volume (Cairo, 1995). ''A Daughter of Isis'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Zed Books, 1999) * ''Awraqi hayati'', second volume (Cairo, 1998). ''Walking Through Fire'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Zed Books, 2002) * ''My Life, Part III'' (Cairo, 2001) '''Akụkọ na-abụghị akụkọ ifo''' * ''Women and Sex'' (Cairo, 1969) * ''Woman Is the Origin'' (Cairo, 1971) * ''Men and Sex'' (Cairo, 1973) * ''The Naked Face of Arab Women'' (Cairo, 1974) * ''Women and Neurosis'' (Cairo, 1975) * ''Al-Wajh al-'ari lil-mar'a al-'arabiyy'' (1977). ''The Hidden Face of Eve: Women in the Arab World'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Zed Press, 1980) * ''On Women'' (Cairo, 1986) * ''A New Battle in Arab Women Liberation'' (Cairo, 1992) * ''Collection of Essays'' (Cairo, 1998) * ''Collection of Essays'' (Cairo, 2001) * ''Breaking Down Barriers'' (Cairo, 2004) '''Compilations in English''' * ''Plays by Mediterranean Women'' (Aurora Metro Books, 1994, {{ISBN|978-0-9515877-3-7}}) * ''North/South: The Nawal El Saadawi Reader'' (Zed Books, 1997) * ''Off Limits: New Writings on Fear and Sin'' (Gingko Library, 2019, {{ISBN|978-88-87847-16-1}}) == Hụkwa ==   *   *   *   * Thesis/dissertation.  <templatestyles src="Module:Side box/styles.css"></templatestyles> * Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Nawal El Saadawi na archive.org * Adele Newson-Horst, "[https://www.worldliteraturetoday.org/blog/literary-tributes/remembering-nawal-el-saadawi-adele-newson-horst "Ịcheta Nawal El Saadawi"]", World Literature Today, 24 March 2021. * [[Ernest Emenyonu]], "NAWAL EL SAADAWI: Ndụ na edemede (Ọktoba 27, 1931 - Machị 21, 2021) ", Boydell na Brewer, 13 Mee 2021. [[Otú:Articles with hCards]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] t250e1wauufvfvgvsjh7v0tdgg3wgfh 736899 736898 2026-10-09T07:52:09Z Adimora chidinma 15845 /* Ọrụ ndị ahọpụtara */ 736899 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}   '''Nawal El Saadawi''' ({{langx|ar|نوال السعداوي}}, {{ALA-LC|arz|Nawāl as-Saʿdāwī}};27 Ọktoba 1931 – 21 Maachị 2021) bụ onye edemede feminist nke Ijipt, activist, disciatist, na psychiatrist. O dere ọtụtụ akwụkwọ gbasara ụmụ nwanyị na Islam, na-elekwasị anya n'okwu ndị metụtara ụmụ nwanyị na Global South, gụnyere sexuality, patriarchy social class, na colonialism.<ref name=":3" /> Ọ bụ onye hiwere ma bụrụkwa onyeisi oche nke otu Arab Women's Solidarity Association.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2 March 2015|title=Nawal El Saadawi|url=https://orgs.law.harvard.edu/womeninspiringchange/2015-honorees/nawal-el-saadawi/|access-date=9 October 2020|website=Women Inspiring Change|language=en-US|archive-date=18 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201218120145/https://orgs.law.harvard.edu/womeninspiringchange/2015-honorees/nawal-el-saadawi/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>Hitchcock, Peter; El Saadawi, Nawal; Hatata, Sherif. "Living the Struggle". ''Transition'' 61 (1993): 170–179.</ref> Ọ bụkwa onye hiwere Arab Association for Human Rights.<ref>Nawal El Saadawi, "Presentation by Nawal El Saadawi: President's Forum, M/MLA Annual Convention, November 4, 1999", ''The Journal of the Midwest Modern Language Association'' 33.3–34.1 (Autumn 2000 – Winter 2001): 34–39.</ref> O nwetara akara ugo mmụta nsọpụrụ site na mahadum dị na kọntinent atọ. Na 2004, Kọnsụl nke Yuropu nyere ya North–South Prize. Na 2005, o nwetara ihe nrite mba ụwa Inana na Belgium.<ref name="auto1">[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jue04c1_wkY "PEN World Voices Arthur Miller Freedom to Write Lecture by Nawal El Saadawi"], YouTube. 8 September 2009.</ref> Na 2012, International Peace Bureau nyere ya onyinye Seán MacBride Peace Prize.<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web|title=International Peace Bureau|url=http://www.ipb.org/web/index.php?mostra=news&menu=home&id_nom=IPB+to+award+2012+Sean+MacBride+Peace+Prize+to+Nawal+El-Sadaawi+and+Lina+Ben+Mhenni|website=www.ipb.org|access-date=25 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925221701/http://www.ipb.org/web/index.php?mostra=news&menu=home&id_nom=IPB+to+award+2012+Sean+MacBride+Peace+Prize+to+Nawal+El-Sadaawi+and+Lina+Ben+Mhenni|archive-date=25 September 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ndụ mbido == A mụrụ Saadawi, onye nke abụọ n'ime ụmụ itoolu, na 27 Ọktoba 1931 n'obodo nta dị na Kafr Tahla, [[Egypt]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/mar/22/nawal-el-saadawi-obituary|title=Nawal El Saadawi obituary|date=22 March 2021|first=Sarah A|last= Smith|website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Elkhatib |first1=Sameh |title=Egyptian feminist and author el-Saadawi dies at 89 |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/egyptian-feminist-author-el-saadawi-dies-89-2021-03-22/ |website=Reuters |access-date=24 March 2026}}</ref> E mere Saadawi ebe ụmụ nwanyị bi n'ime akụkụ ahụ ha <ref name=Khaleeli /> at the age of six,<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last1=Sa'dawi|first1=Nawal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I9vqMossOjoC|title=A Daughter of Isis: The Autobiography of Nawal El Saadawi|last2=Saadawi|first2=Nawal El|last3=Saʻdāwī|first3=Nawāl|last4=Saʿdāwī|first4=Nawāl as-|date=1999|publisher=[[Zed Books]]|isbn=978-1-85649-680-3|pages=63–87|language=en}}</ref> ọ bụ ezie na nna ya kwenyere na ụmụ agbọghọ na ụmụ nwoke kwesịrị ịgụ akwụkwọ. O kwuru na nne na nna ya bụ ndị nwere nnwere onwe mgbe ha na-etolite.<ref name=":1"/> Nna ya Upper Egypt bụ onye ọrụ gọọmentị na [[w:Ministry of Education (Egypt)|Ministry of Education]], onye lụsoro ọgụ megide British rebel Egypt n'oge Egypt Revolution of 1919. N'ihi ya, a chụpụrụ ya n'obodo nta dị na Naịl, gọọmentị ekweghịkwa ịkwalite ya ruo afọ 10. Ọ bụ onye na-aga n'ihu ma kụziere nwa ya nwanyị ịkwanyere onwe ya ùgwù na ikwu okwu n'uche ya. Ọ gbakwara ya ume ka ọ mụọ asụsụ Arabik. Agbanyeghị, mgbe El Saadawi dị afọ 10, ezinụlọ ya gbalịrị ime ka ọ lụọ di, mana nne ya kwadoro ya n'ịjụ.<ref name=taylor>{{Cite news |title=Nawal El Saadawi: Feminist firebrand who dared to write dangerously (obituary) |last=Taylor-Coleman |first=Jasmine |website=BBC News |date=21 March 2021 |url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-55048245}}</ref> Both her parents died at a young age,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Nawal El Saadawi|url=http://faculty.webster.edu/woolflm/saadawi.html|access-date=25 September 2015|website=faculty.webster.edu|archive-date=2 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170602080913/http://faculty.webster.edu/woolflm/saadawi.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>{{Unreliable source?|date=September 2021|sure=y|reason=This is an unpublished undergraduate student assignment paper}} na-ahapụ Saadawi naanị ibu ọrụ nke ilekọta ezinụlọ buru ibu.<ref name="bornexile">{{Cite web |url=http://www.nawalsaadawi.net/oldsite/articlesnawal/bornexile.htm |title=Exile and Resistance |first=Nawal |last=El Saadaw|website=Nawal El Saadawi/Sherif Hetata |date=November 2002|access-date=23 June 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091027223127/http://www.nawalsaadawi.net/oldsite/articlesnawal/bornexile.htm |archive-date=27 October 2009 |url-status=usurped }}</ref> Nne ya, Zaynab, sitere n'agbụrụ bara ọgaranya [[w:Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]];<ref>{{cite news|last=Cowell|first=Alan |author-link=Alan Cowell |year=2021|title=Nawal El Saadawi, Advocate for Women in the Arab World, Dies at 89 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/21/obituaries/nawal-el-saadawi-dead.html|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|quote=Nawal El Saadawi was born on Oct. 27, 1931, in the village of Kafr Tahla, a settlement in the lower Nile Delta, the second of nine children. Her mother, Zaynab (Shoukry) El Saadawi, was partially descended from a wealthy Ottoman family. Her father, Al-Sayed El Saadawi, was an official in the government’s education ministry. }}</ref> Saadawi kọwara nna nna ya nke nne ya, Shoukry,<ref>{{cite book|first=Nawal|last= El Saadawi|year=2013|title=A Daughter of Isis: The Early Life of Nawal El Saadawi|publisher=Zed Books|isbn=978-1848136403}}</ref> na nne nne ya dị ka onye Ottoman si malite.<ref name="CaliforniaUni">{{citation|first=Nawal|last= El Saadawi|year=1986|title=Memoirs from the Women's Prison|publisher=University of California Press|page=64|quote= "My eyes widened in astonishment. Even my maternal grandmother used to sing, although she was born to a Turkish mother and lived in my grandfather's house in the epoch when harems still existed." |isbn=0520088883}}</ref> Ọbụna mgbe ọ bụ nwata, ọ katọrọ obodo ndị nwoke bi na ya, ebe ụmụ nwoke ji ha kpọrọ ihe karịa ụmụ nwanyị, na-emeghachi omume n'iwe nye nne nne ya, onye kwuru na "nwoke bara uru ụmụ nwanyị iri na ise ma ọ dịkarịa ala... Ụmụ agbọghọ bụ nsogbu".<ref name=taylor/> O ji nganga kọwaa onwe ya dị ka nwanyị Ijipt agba ọchịchịrị kemgbe ọ dị obere.<ref>{{Citation|url=https://zora.medium.com/my-childhood-in-egypt-not-knowing-i-was-in-africa-27580b07a93b|title=My Childhood in Egypt, Not Knowing I Was in Africa|first=Nawal|last=El Saadawi|website=zora.medium.com|date=13 June 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=New Daughters of Africa|chapter=About Me in Africa—Politics and Religion in my Childhood|editor-first=Margaret|first=El Saadawi|last=Nawal|editor-last=Busby|publisher=[[Myriad Editions]]|edition=paperback|pages=42–44|date=2020}}</ref> == Career == Saadawi graduated as a medical doctor in 1955 from [[Cairo University]]. That year, she married Ahmed Helmi, whom she met as a fellow student in medical school. They have a daughter, Mona Helmi.<ref name=Khaleeli/> The marriage ended after two years.<ref name=JoISR>{{cite journal|first=Yusuf|last=Koseli|title=A PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH TO THE NOVEL OF NAWAL EL SAADAWI TITLED MÜZEKKİRAT TABİBE|journal=The Journal of International Social Research|date=2013|volume=6|issue=28|url=http://www.sosyalarastirmalar.com/cilt6/cilt6sayi28_pdf/koseli_yusuf.pdf|access-date=15 April 2020}}</ref><ref name=Khaleeli>{{Cite web|title = Nawal El Saadawi: Egypt's radical feminist|url = https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2010/apr/15/nawal-el-saadawi-egyptian-feminist|website =The Guardian|date= 15 April 2010|access-date =15 April 2020|first = Homa|last = Khaleeli}}</ref> Through her medical practice, she observed women's physical and psychological problems and connected them with oppressive cultural practices, patriarchal oppression, class oppression and imperialist oppression.<ref name="women">[http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/1999/462/women.htm Feminism in a nationalist century] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100419040800/http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/1999/462/women.htm |date=19 April 2010 }}</ref> Her second husband was a colleague, Rashad Bey.<ref name=JoISR/><ref>{{cite thesis|url=https://www.academia.edu/23224495|title=Voice of Oppressed from the Margins: A Critical Reading on Nawal El Saadawi's "Woman at Point Zero"|last=Puthiyakath|first=Hashim H.|publisher=[[Central University of Tamil Nadu]]|access-date=15 April 2020}}</ref> While working as a doctor in her birthplace of Kafr Tahla, she observed the hardships and inequalities faced by rural women. After attempting to protect one of her patients from [[domestic violence]], Saadawi was summoned back to Cairo. She eventually became the Director of the Ministry of [[public health|Public Health]] and met her third husband, [[Sherif Hatata]], while sharing an office in the Ministry of Health. Hatata, also a medical doctor and writer, had been a [[political prisoner]] for 13 years. They married in 1964 and have a son.<ref name="bornexile"/><ref name=Khaleeli/> Saadawi and Hatata lived together for 43 years<ref name=Cooke>{{cite web|last1=Cooke|first1=Rachel|title=Nawal El Saadawi: 'Do you feel you are liberated? I feel I am not'|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/oct/11/nawal-el-saadawi-interview-do-you-feel-you-are-liberated-not|work=[[The Observer]]|date=11 October 2015|access-date=15 April 2020}}</ref> and divorced in 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/18/62/99644/Books/Review/ElSaadawi-and-Hatata-Voyage-of-a-lifetime.aspx|title=El-Saadawi and Hatata: Voyage of a lifetime|date=24 April 2014|publisher=Ahram Online|first=Mahmoud |last=El-Wardani|access-date=15 April 2020}}</ref> [[File:Shirin Ershadi, Shirin Ebadi and Nawal el-Saadawi (2413951897).jpg|thumb|[[Shirin Ershadi]], [[Shirin Ebadi]] and Nawal el-Saadawi]] Saadawi attended [[Columbia University]], earning a master's degree in public health in 1966.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Smith|first=Harrison|date=23 March 2021|title=Nawal El Saadawi, Egyptian author, physician and feminist activist, dies at 89|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/nawal-el-saadawi-dead/2021/03/23/43c7c250-8b19-11eb-a730-1b4ed9656258_story.html|access-date=16 June 2021}}</ref> In 1972, she published ''Woman and Sex'' ({{lang|ar|المرأة والجنس}}), confronting and contextualising various aggressions perpetrated against women's bodies, including female circumcision. The book became a foundational text of [[second-wave feminism]]. As a consequence of the book and her political activities, Saadawi was dismissed from her position at the Ministry of Health.<ref name="women" /> She also lost her positions as chief editor of a health journal, and as Assistant General Secretary in the Medical Association in Egypt. From 1973 to 1976, Saadawi worked on researching women and [[neurosis]] in [[Ain Shams University]]'s Faculty of Medicine. From 1979 to 1980, she was the [[United Nations]] Advisor for the Women's Programme in Africa (ECA) and the Middle East (ECWA).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://scholarblogs.emory.edu/postcolonialstudies/2014/06/11/saadawi-nawal-el-2/|title=Saadawi, Nawal el – Postcolonial Studies|website=scholarblogs.emory.edu|language=en-US|access-date=31 July 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r9SPVEG3cv0C&q=Nawal+Saadawi+united+nations+advisor+1979&pg=PR1|title=The Nawal El Saadawi Reader|last=Saʻdāwī|first=Nawāl|date=15 December 1997|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=9781856495141|language=en}}</ref> === Ikpe ụlọ ikpe megide ya === Na 2002, Nabih el-Wahsh mere mgbalị iwu n'ụlọ ikpe Ijipt ịgba el-Saadawi alụkwaghịm n'aka di ya n'ụzọ iwu kwadoro n'ihi [[w:hisbah|hesba]], ụkpụrụ nke narị afọ nke 9 nke shariah law, nke na-ekwe ka a mara ndị Alakụba a na-ahụ na ha na-emebi Islam ikpe. Ihe akaebe e ji megide ya bụ ajụjụ ọnụ nke Machị ebe el-Wahsh kwuru na ọ gbahapụrụ Islam. Mgbalị iwu ahụ agaghị nke ọma.<ref name=Khaleeli /><ref>{{Cite web |date=18 June 2001 |title=Cairo writer threatened with divorce |url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2001/jun/18/internationaleducationnews.highereducation |access-date=22 December 2022 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref> N'afọ 2008, e mere otu ihe ahụ iji napụ el-Saadawi mba Ijipt ya n'ihi echiche na ihe odide ya siri ike, mgbalị a agaghịkwa enwe isi.<ref name=Khaleeli /> === Mkpọrọ === Kemgbe gọọmentị Ijipt lere ya anya dị ka ihe na-ese okwu ma dị ize ndụ, Saadawi nyere aka bipụta akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị otu nwanyị na 1981 nke akpọrọ ''Confrontation.'' President of Egypt Anwar Sadat tụrụ ya mkpọrọ na Septemba.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Uglow|first1=Jennifer S.|author2=Maggy Hendry|title=The Northeastern Dictionary of Women's Biography|url=https://archive.org/details/northeasterndict0000uglo|url-access=registration|year=1999|publisher=Northeastern University Press|isbn= 9781555534219|pages=[https://archive.org/details/northeasterndict0000uglo/page/189 189]–190}}</ref> Saadawi kwuru otu oge n'ajụjụ ọnụ a gbara ya: "E jidere m n'ihi na ekwere m Sadat. O kwuru na e nwere ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na anyị nwere usoro ọtụtụ pati, ị nwekwara ike ịkatọ ya. Ya mere, amalitere m ịkatọ iwu ya, m wee banye n'ụlọ mkpọrọ." Sadat kwuru na ọchịchị e guzobere bụ ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya maka ndị mmadụ, nakwa na ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya dị njikere maka nkatọ bara uru. Dịka Saadawi si kwuo, Sadat tụrụ ya mkpọrọ n'ihi nkatọ ya maka ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya. Ọbụna n'ụlọ mkpọrọ, ọ ka chọtara ụzọ isi lụso mmegbu ụmụ nwanyị ọgụ. Mgbe ọ nọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ, o guzobere otu Arab Women's Solidarity Association. Nke a bụ otu mbụ iwu kwadoro na nke nwere onwe ya na Egypt. N'ụlọ mkpọrọ, a jụrụ ya pen na akwụkwọ, agbanyeghị, nke ahụ egbochighị ya ịnọgide na-ede ihe. O jiri "pensụl nku anya ojii siri ike" na "obere akwụkwọ mposi ochie na nke gbawara agbawa" dekọọ echiche ya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Interview with Nawal el aasawi|url=http://www.nyu.edu/classes/keefer/twenty/nawal.html|last=Network|first=Vile News|date=2015|access-date=26 April 2020}}</ref> A tọhapụrụ ya n'afọ ahụ, otu ọnwa ka e gbusịrị Onyeisiala. Banyere ahụmịhe ya, o dere, sị: "Ihe ize ndụ abụrụla akụkụ nke ndụ m kemgbe m were mkpịsị akwụkwọ wee dee ihe. Ọ dịghị ihe dị ize ndụ karịa eziokwu n'ụwa nke dị ụgha."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/2001/06/03/stories/13030786.htm |title=Egypt's face of courage |work=The Hindu|first=Kalpana|last=Sharma|date=3 June 2001|access-date=25 September 2013 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041030002518/http://www.hinduonnet.com/2001/06/03/stories/13030786.htm |archive-date=30 October 2004 }}</ref> Na afọ 1982, o hiwere otu Arab Women's Solidarity Association.<ref>Hussey, Sierra, [https://www.sahistory.org.za/archive/biography-nawal-el-saadawi-sierra-hussey "Biography of Nawal El Saadawi"], South African History Online.</ref> Ọ kọwara otu ya dị ka "onye akụkọ ihe mere eme, onye na-akwado ọchịchị ọha, na onye na-akwado ikike ụmụ nwanyị".<ref>{{cite magazine |url= https://www.aljadid.com/node/2254|title= Nawal El-Saadawi's 'Daughter of Isis' Life and Times via the Plenitude of Her Writings |first=D.H. |last=Melhem|website=Al Jadid Magazine|volume= 5|number= 29|date=Autumn 1999|access-date=22 March 2021}}</ref> Saadawi bụ otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị e jidere n'ụlọ mkpọrọ ụmụ nwanyị Qanatir. Mkpọrọ ya bụ ntọala maka afọ 1983 ya. ''Memoirs from the Women's Prison'' ({{langx|ar|مذكرات في سجن النساء }}). Mkparịta ụka ya na onye mkpọrọ nọ na Qanatir, afọ itoolu tupu a tụọ ya mkpọrọ ebe ahụ, bụ ihe mkpali maka ọrụ mbụ ya, akwụkwọ akụkọ akpọrọ aha ya bụ ''Woman at Point Zero'' ({{langx|ar|امرأة عند نقطة الصفر}}, 1975).<ref name="Krajeski, The New Yorker">{{Cite magazine|url=http://www.newyorker.com/books/page-turner/the-books-of-nawal-el-saadawi|title=The Books of Nawal El Saadawi|magazine=[[The New Yorker]]|first=Jenna|last=Krajeski|date=7 March 2011|access-date=31 July 2017}}</ref> === Mkpagbu ndị ọzọ, nkuzi na US, na ngagharị iwe ndị ọzọ mechara mee === Na 1993, mgbe ndị Alakụba na mkpagbu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị yiri ndụ ya egwu, a manyere Saadawi ịgbapụ n'Ijipt. Ọ nabatara onyinye ịkụzi ihe na Ngalaba Asụsụ Eshia na Afrịka nke Mahadum Duke dị na [[North Carolina]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Former Visiting Professor in Court, Under Fire in Egypt|url=https://today.duke.edu/2001/06/el-saadawi629.html|date=29 June 2001|website=Duke Today|publisher=Duke University|access-date=1 April 2021|language=en}}</ref><ref name=BMJ>Dr Dora Carpenter-Latiri, [http://blogs.bmj.com/medical-humanities/2015/11/11/the-reading-room-a-review-of-memoirs-of-a-woman-doctor/ "The Reading Room: A review of ‘Memoirs of a woman doctor{{'"}}], ''BMJ'' Blog, 11 November 2015.</ref> nakwa na Mahadum Washington. O mechara nọrọ n'ọtụtụ kọleji na mahadum ndị a ma ama dịka Mahadum Cairo, Harvard, Yale, [[w:Mahadum Columbia|Columbia]], [[w:Mahadum Paris|Sorbonne]], [[w:Mahadum Georgetown|Georgetown]], Mahadum Steeti Florida, na Mahadum California, Berkeley. Na 1996, ọ laghachiri Ijipt.<ref name="BMJ"/><ref>{{cite web|last=Ling|first= Jessica |url=http://www.warscapes.com/blog/today-history-happy-85th-birthday-nawal-el-saadawi |title=Today in History: Happy 85th Birthday, Nawal El Saadawi!|website=Warscapes|date=27 October 2016}}</ref> Saadawi gara n'ihu na-akwado ya ma chee echiche ịzọ ọkwa na 2005 ntuli aka onyeisiala Ijipt, tupu ọ pụọ n'ihi ihe siri ike achọrọ maka ndị ga-azọ ọkwa nke mbụ.<ref>[https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2005/7/16/egypt-presidential-aspirant-pulls-out "Egypt presidential aspirant pulls out"], AlJazeera, 16 July 2005. Retrieved 21 July 2021.</ref> O so n'ime ndị ngagharị iwe na Tahrir Square na 2011.<ref>{{cite web|first=Elizabeth |last=Rubin|url=http://www.newsweek.com/2011/03/06/the-feminists-in-the-middle-of-tahrir-square.html |title=The Feminists in the Middle of Tahrir Square|work=[[Newsweek]]|date= 6 March 2011}}</ref> O kwuru ka a kwụsị nkuzi okpukperechi n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị Ijipt.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nawal El Saadawi – Illustrated Women in History |url=https://illustratedwomeninhistory.com/nawal-el-saadawi-is-an-egyptian-feminist-writer/ |date=28 October 2015|access-date=15 May 2022 |language=en-US}}</ref> Saadawi was awarded the 2004 North–South Prize by the Council of Europe.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/nscentre/winners_nsp_EN.asp|title=North-South Centre homepage|website=North-South Centre|language=en-GB|access-date=18 March 2018}}</ref> Na Julaị 2016, ọ bụ onyeisi emume akwụkwọ Royal African Society nke akpọrọ "Africa Writes" na London, ebe o kwuru okwu gbasara "On Being a Woman Writer" na mkparịta ụka ya na [[Margaret Busby]].<ref>{{cite web|first=Kelechi |last=Iwumene|url=http://africawrites.org/blog/africa-writes-2016-the-round-up/ |title=Africa Writes 2016: The Round-Up|publisher=Royal African Society|date= July 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://africawrites.org/uncategorized/on-being-a-woman-writer-nawal-el-saadawi-in-conversation-2/ |title=On Being A Woman Writer: Nawal El Saadawi in conversation|website= Africa Writes|publisher=Royal African Society|date= 2 July 2016}}</ref> [[File:Nawal El Saadawi, April 2012 (cropped).jpg|thumb|April 2012]] Na Göteborg Book Fair nke mere na Septemba 27 ruo 30, 2018, Saadawi gara seminar gbasara mmepe na Ijipt na Middle East mgbe Arab Spring gasịrị.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gp.se/kultur/kultur/nawal-el-sadaawi-till-bokm%C3%A4ssan-1.7940393|title=Nawal El Sadaawi till Bokmässan|work=Göteborgs-Posten|language=sv|date=29 August 2018|access-date=10 October 2018}}</ref> ma n'oge okwu ya na mmemme ahụ kwuru na ike ụwa niile "ndị ọchịchị aka ike, ndị isi obodo, ndị ọchịchị alaeze ukwu, ndị na-akpa ókè agbụrụ", nke United States na-edu, jikọrọ aka na gọọmentị Ijipt iji kwụsị mgbanwe Ijipt nke afọ 2011. O kwukwara na ya chetara ịhụ Odeakwụkwọ nke Mba U.S. n'oge ahụ [[Hillary Clinton]] na Tahrir Square ka ọ na-enye ndị ntorobịa akwụkwọ dollar iji gbaa ha ume ka ha votu maka Ụmụnna Ndị Alakụba na ntuli aka na-abịa.,<ref>[https://www.memri.org/tv/egyptian-activist-nawal-saadawi-saw-hillary-clinton-dollars-tahrir-square "Onye na-akwado ikike ụmụnwaanyị Ijipt bụ Nawal El Saadawi: Ahụrụ m Hillary Clinton ka ọ na-enye ego mba Amerịka na Tahrir Square ka ndị mmadụ wee tụọ vootu maka ụmụnna ndị Alakụba"], [[Memri TV]], 30 Septemba 2018</ref> ọ bụ ezie na enweghị ihe akaebe na ihe a a na-ekwu mere. Nawal El Saadawi nwere ọkwa dịka onye dere akwụkwọ maka Kansụl Kasị Elu maka Nkà na Sayensị Mmekọrịta, Cairo; Onyeisi Isi nke Ngalaba Mmụta Ahụike, Ministry of Health, Cairo, Odeakwụkwọ Ukwu nke Medical Association, Cairo, Egypt, na dọkịta na Ụlọ Ọgwụ Mahadum na [[w:Ministry of Health and Population (Egypt)|Ministry of Health]]. Ọ bụ onye hiwere otu agụmakwụkwọ ahụike na otu ndị edemede ụmụ nwanyị Ijipt; ọ bụkwa onyeisi nchịkọta akụkọ nke "Health Magazine" na Cairo, nakwa onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke "Medical Association Magazine".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ipb.org/nawal-el-sadaawi-in-memory/|title=Nawal El Sadaawi – In Memory|first=Ingeborg |last=Breines|author-link=Ingeborg Breines|website=ipb.org|publisher=IPB – International Peace Bureau|access-date=19 February 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gold.ac.uk/news/nawal-el-saadawi-tribute/|title=Tribute to doctor, writer and activist Nawal El Saadawi|website=gold.ac.uk|publisher=[[Goldsmiths University of London]]|date=26 March 2021|access-date=19 February 2024}}</ref> == Ide ihe == [[File:Nawal El Saadawi 02.JPG|thumb|right|Saadawi at the Göteborg Book Fair na 2010]] Saadawi malitere ide ihe na mbido ọrụ ya. Ihe odide mbụ ya gụnyere ọtụtụ akụkọ dị mkpirikpi nke akpọrọ ''Amụtara m Ịhụnanya'' (1957) na akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya, ''Memoirs of a Woman Doctor'' (1958). O mechara dee ọtụtụ akwụkwọ akụkọ na obere akụkọ na akwụkwọ ncheta onwe ya, ''Memoir from the Women's Prison'' (1986). E bipụtala Saadawi n'ọtụtụ akwụkwọ akụkọ, a sụgharịkwara ọrụ ya site na Arabic mbụ gaa na ihe karịrị asụsụ 30.<ref>Van Allen, Judith Imel, [https://books.google.com/books?id=fy11AwAAQBAJ&dq=saadawi+translated+into+more+than+30+languages&pg=PT1369 "Saadawi, Nawal El (1931–)"], in Gary L. Anderson and Kathryn G. Herr (eds), ''Encyclopedia of Activism and Social Justice'', Sage Publications, 2007, pp. 1249–1250.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=El Saadawi, Nawal (1932–) {{!}} Encyclopedia.com |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/international/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/el-saadawi-nawal-1932 |access-date=15 May 2022 |website=www.encyclopedia.com}}</ref> Na 1972, o bipụtara akwụkwọ mbụ ya nke anaghị akụkọ ifo, ''Women and Sex'',<ref name="women" /> which evoked the antagonism of highly placed political and theological authorities.<ref name="Krajeski, The New Yorker" /> O mekwara ka a chụọ ya n'ọrụ na Ministri Ahụike.<ref name="women" /> Ọrụ ndị ọzọ gụnyere ''The Hidden Face of Eve'',<ref>{{cite book |title=The hidden face of Eve : women in the Arab world |oclc=924716956 }}</ref> ''God Dies by the Nile'',<ref>{{cite book |title=God dies by the Nile |oclc=12583064 }}</ref> ''The Circling Song'',<ref>{{cite book |title=The circling song |oclc=18587928 }}</ref> ''Searching'',<ref>{{cite book |title=Searching |oclc=24707056 }}</ref> ''The Fall of the Imam'' (a kọwara ya dị ka "mkpughe dị ike ma na-akpali akpali nke ihe egwu ndị ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụaka nwere ike ikpughe site na nkwenkwe okpukpe"),<ref>{{cite journal |first=Philip |last=Womack |author-link=Philip Womack |url=http://newhumanist.org.uk/2119/the-fall-of-the-imam-by-nawal-el-saadawi |title=The Fall of the Imam by Nawal El Saadawi (review) |journal=[[New Humanist]] |date=20 August 2009}}</ref> and ''Woman at Point Zero''.<!--{{Citation needed|date=March 2021}}--><ref>{{cite book|title=Woman at point zero |oclc=10887569 }}</ref> Ọtụtụ mmadụ akatọọla ọrụ ya bụ 'The Hidden Face of Eve' maka nkwupụta na ọ na-ede maka "onye mba ọzọ na-akatọ onye mba ọzọ".<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=Amireh |first=Amal |date=2000 |title=Framing Nawal El Saadawi: Arab Feminism in a Transnational World |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/495572 |journal=Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=215–249 |doi=10.1086/495572 |s2cid=143010343 |issn=0097-9740|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Aha mbụ nke akwụkwọ ahụ, nke a sụgharịrị ozugbo na Bekee bụ "Ihu Gbara Ọtọ nke Nwanyị Arab" ewepụrụkwa ọtụtụ isiakwụkwọ na mbipụta Bekee nke akwụkwọ ahụ, ma e jiri ya tụnyere nke mbụ nke Arabic ahụ.<ref name=":3" /> O tinyere aka na ihe nkiri "Mgbe nwanyị nupụrụ isi" na akwụkwọ akụkọ nke afọ 1984 ''Sisterhood Is Global'', nke edeziri site na onye deziri ya Robin Morgan,<ref name="global">{{cite web |url=https://catalog.vsc.edu/lscfind/Record/154795/TOC#tabnav |title=Sisterhood Is Global: Table of Contents |publisher=Catalog.vsc.edu |access-date=15 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208065459/https://catalog.vsc.edu/lscfind/Record/154795/TOC#tabnav |archive-date=8 December 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ma bụrụ onye tinyere aka na nchịkọta akụkọ nke afọ 2019 ''New Daughters of Africa'', edited by [[Margaret Busby]], nke gụnyere edemede ya "Banyere M n'Africa—Ndọrọ Ndọrọ Ọchịchị na Okpope n'oge Nwatakịrị M".<ref>[[Imani Perry|Perry, Imani]] (29 March 2019), [https://www.ft.com/content/2a4e64a8-508a-11e9-8f44-fe4a86c48b33 "New Daughters of Africa — a new anthology of a groundbreaking book"], ''[[Financial Times]]''.</ref><ref>Rocker-Clinton, Johnna (August 2019), [https://sanfranciscobookreview.com/product/new-daughters-of-africa-an-international-anthology-of-writing-by-women-of-african-descent/ "Margaret Busby does it again!"] (review of ''New Daughters of Africa: An International Anthology of Writing by Women of African Descent''), ''San Francisco Book Review''.</ref> E bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ Saadawi nke akpọrọ 'Zeina' na Lebanọn n'afọ 2009. E bipụtara nsụgharị French ahụ n'okpuru aha njirimara Nawal Zeinab el Sayed, site na iji aha nne ya mbụ.<ref>{{cite news|title=Radical writer back with vengeance|url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/world/africa/radical-writer-back-with-vengeance-1.486421/|work= The National|access-date=17 November 2014|date=7 September 2009}}</ref> Saadawi na-asụ asụsụ [[asụsụ Bekee|Bekee]] nke ọma, tinyere obodo ya.Egyptian Arabic.<ref>{{cite web|first=Hans Ulrich |last=Obrist|url=http://www.e-flux.com/journal/42/60256/in-conversation-with-nawal-el-saadawi/ |title=In Conversation with Nawal El Saadawi|website=e-flux Journal|number=42|date= February 2013}}</ref> Dịka o si dee ya n'asụsụ Arabic, ọ hụrụ ajụjụ nke ịtụgharị asụsụ Bekee ma ọ bụ French dị ka "nnukwu nsogbu" nke jikọtara ya na eziokwu ahụ bụ na <blockquote>"ike ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya bụ nke Bekee ma ọ bụ French na-asụkarị.... Ndị nwere nnukwu akwụkwọ n'ụwa ka na-eleghara m anya, n'ihi na m na-ede ihe n'asụsụ Arabic, nakwa n'ihi na m na-akatọ echiche ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya, nke onye na-achị obodo, nke onye na-akpa ókè agbụrụ, na nke ndị nna ochie nke ndị ọchịchị ukwu."<ref>{{cite web|first=Dele Meiji|last=Fatunla|url=http://newafricanmagazine.com/nawal-el-saadawi-identity-not-fixed/|title=Nawal El Saadawi: 'My identity is not fixed'|magazine=[[New African]]|date=30 June 2016|access-date=8 October 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170706045108/http://newafricanmagazine.com/nawal-el-saadawi-identity-not-fixed/|archive-date=6 July 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref></blockquote> Akwụkwọ ya ''Mufakirat Tifla fi Al-Khamisa wa Al-Thamaneen''(Akwụkwọ Ndetu nke Nwa agbọghọ dị afọ 85), nke dabere na ihe e dere n'akwụkwọ akụkọ ya, ka e bipụtara n'afọ 2017.<ref>{{cite web|first=Mahmoud |last=El-Wardani|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/18/62/273741/Books/Review/At-,-Nawal-ElSaadawi-writes-about-Nawal-ElSaadawi.aspx |title=At 85, Nawal El-Saadawi writes about Nawal El-Saadawi|website=Ahram Online|date= 5 August 2017}}</ref> == Echiche == ===Mmegide megide mmebi akụkụ ahụ nwoke na nwanyị=== Mgbe ọ dị obere, Saadawi mere usoro nke ebe ụmụ nwanyị na-ebipụ akụkụ ahụ ha.<ref>el-Saadawi, Nawal, ''The Hidden Face of Eve'', Part 1: The Mutilated Half.</ref> Mgbe ọ bụ okenye, o dere gbasara omume a ma katọọ ya. O zara ọnwụ nke otu nwa agbọghọ dị afọ iri na abụọ, Bedour Shaker, n'oge a na-eme ịwa ahụ maka ibi úgwù n'ime akụkụ ahụ mmadụ na 2007 site n'ide ihe: "Bedour, ị̀ nwụrụ anwụ ka ìhè wee nwuo n'uche ndị gbara ọchịchịrị? Ị ga-eji ndụ gị dị oké ọnụ ahịa kwụọ ụgwọ ... ka ndị dọkịta na ndị ụkọchukwu mụta na okpukpe ziri ezi anaghị ebipụ akụkụ ahụ ụmụaka?"<ref>Michael, Maggie, [https://web.archive.org/web/20070702171148/http://www.physorg.com/news102393179.html "Egypt Officials Ban Female Circumcision"<!-- Bot generated title -->], Phys.org, 30 June 2007. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070702171148/http://www.physorg.com/news102393179.html |date=2 July 2007 }}.</ref> Dịka dọkịta na onye na-akwado ikike mmadụ, Saadawi megidere ibi ụmụ nwoke úgwù. O kwenyere na ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị kwesịrị ka e chebe ha pụọ ​​na mmebi akụkụ ahụ ha.<ref name="theglobaldispatches">{{cite web|url=http://www.theglobaldispatches.com/articles/nawal-al-saadawi|first=Allston|last=Mitchell|title=Nawal al Saadawi|work=The Global Dispatches|date=16 May 2010|access-date=12 February 2014|archive-date=7 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170707223358/http://www.theglobaldispatches.com/articles/nawal-al-saadawi|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Ọchịchị mmadụ na Feminism === Saadawi kọwara onwe ya dị ka "onye na-akwado ụmụnwaanyị na soshal midia", na-ekwere na a pụghị imeri ọgụ ụmụnwaanyị n'okpuru ọchịchị kapitalizim.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Fawzy |first=Mary |date=7 May 2021 |title=The socialist feminism of Nawal El Saadawi |url=https://www.newframe.com/the-socialist-feminism-of-nawal-el-saadawi/ |access-date=22 December 2022 |website=New Frame}}</ref> Nkwenye a nke ndị otu ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya apụtala site n'ikpe na-ezighị ezi ọ hụrụ ná ndụ ya.<ref name=":4" /> N'akwụkwọ ya bụ 'The Zoro Ezo nke Eve', o dere gbasara otu a na-agaghị esi kewapụ ndụ mmekọahụ na nke mmetụta uche nke ndị mmadụ na ndụ akụnụba ha na mmepụta ha, ya mere iwu ọnọdụ onwe onye na mba Arab ga-abụrịrị ihe kacha mkpa nye ndị socialist.<ref>{{Citation |chapter=Introduction |date=2015 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350251076.0006 |title=The Hidden Face of Eve |publisher=Zed Books |doi=10.5040/9781350251076.0006 |isbn=978-0-90576-251-7 |access-date=22 December 2022|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name=":4" /> N'ajụjụ ọnụ a gbara ya na 2018, o kwuru na ya abụghị onye Marxist, ebe ọ gụchara akwụkwọ ya nke ọ chọpụtara na ọ na-enwe nsogbu na ya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nawal El Saadawi on feminism, fiction and the illusion of democracy |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=djMfFU7DIB8 |language=en |publisher=[[Channel 4 News]]|via=YouTube|date=13 June 2018|access-date=22 December 2022}}</ref> ===Okpukperechi=== N'ajụjụ ọnụ ya nke afọ 2014, Saadawi kwuru na "isi ihe kpatara mmegbu ụmụ nwanyị dị n'usoro ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya zuru ụwa ọnụ, nke okpukperechi kwadoro".<ref>{{Cite web|title = They don't want any really courageous people!|url = http://en.qantara.de/content/interview-with-nawal-el-saadawi-they-dont-want-any-really-courageous-people|website = Qantara.de - Dialogue with the Islamic World|access-date =5 November 2015|last = Fariborz|first = Arian|date =5 July 2014}}</ref> Mgbe ọtụtụ narị mmadụ nwụrụ n'ihe a kpọr "stampede" n'oge njem njem 2015 (Hajj) nke ndị Alakụba gaa Mecca, Saudi Arabia, o kwuru, sị: <blockquote>"Ha na-ekwu maka ịgbanwe ụzọ e si achịkwa Hajj, gbasara ime ka ndị mmadụ na-eme njem n'obere ìgwè. Ihe ha na-ekwughị bụ na ihe a mere n'ihi na ndị a na-alụ ọgụ ịtụ ekwensu nkume. Gịnị mere ha ji kwesị ịtụ ekwensu nkume? Gịnị mere ha ji kwesị isusu nkume ojii ahụ ọnụ? Mana ọ dịghị onye ga-ekwu nke a. Ndị mgbasa ozi agaghị ebipụta ya. Gịnị ka ọ bụ, enweghị mmasị ịkatọ okpukpe? ... Ọjụjụ a ịkatọ okpukpe ... abụghị liberalism. Nke a bụ mmachibido iwu."<ref name=Cooke /></blockquote> O kwuru na ihe ndị dị na Hajj, dịka isusu Okute Ojii ọnụ, nwere mgbọrọgwụ ndị ọgọ mmụọ tupu okpukpe Islam.<ref>Fiona Lloyd-Davies, [https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/correspondent/1619902.stm "No compromise"], ''Correspondent'', BBC News, 26 October 2001.</ref> Saadawi was involved in the academic exploration of Arab identity throughout her writing career.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Hanadi|first1=Al-Samman|title=Diasporic Na(rra)tions: Arab Women Rewriting Exile|date=2000|publisher=[[Indiana University]]|page=25}}</ref> Saadawi kọwara mkpuchi ihu nke ndị Alakụba dị ka "ngwaọrụ mmegbu ụmụ nwanyị".<ref name="theglobaldispatches" /> ===Ebumnuche nke ụmụ nwanyị=== Ọ katọrọkwa ihe megidere ihe ndị e ji mara ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ nwanyị n'usoro mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya nke a na-ahụkarị na Yuropu na US,<ref>{{cite book|last1=El Saadawi|first1=Nawal|title=The Nawal El Saadawi Reader|publisher=Zed Books|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r9SPVEG3cv0C|date=1997|isbn=9781856495141|access-date=8 April 2015}}</ref> na-akpasu ndị otu nwanyị ibe ha iwe site n'ikwu okwu megide etemeete na uwe ndị na-ekpughe ihe.<ref name=taylor/> ===United States=== N'okwu nkuzi nke afọ 2002 na Mahadum California na Berkeley's Center for Middle Eastern Studies, Saadawi kọwara agha nke US duziri megide Afghanistan dị ka "agha iji mee ihe n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi na mmanụ dị na mpaghara ahụ", na amụma mba ofesi nke US na nkwado ya nye Israel dị ka "ezigbo iyi ọha egwu.".<ref>{{cite web|last1=Pasquini|first1=Elaine|title=El Saadawi Calls U.S. Foreign Policy 'Real Terrorism'|url=https://www.questia.com/magazine/1P3-110120822/el-saadawi-calls-u-s-foreign-policy-real-terrorism|via=|work=Washington Report on Middle East Affairs|date=March 2002|access-date=|archive-date=9 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160409040731/https://www.questia.com/magazine/1P3-110120822/el-saadawi-calls-u-s-foreign-policy-real-terrorism|url-status=dead}}</ref> Saadawi held the opinion that Egyptians are forced into poverty by US aid.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Nielsen|first1=Nikolaj|title=Nawal El Saadawi: 'I am against stability. We need revolution'|url=http://chronikler.com/middle-east/egypt/nawal-el-saadawi-interview/|access-date=19 November 2014|work=The Chronikler|date=11 July 2013}}</ref> ==Nyoyo== Saadawi bụ isiokwu nke ihe nkiri "She Speaked the Unspeakable", nke Jill Nicholls duziri, nke a na-agbasa na February 2017 na usoro ihe nkiri telivishọn BBC One ''[[w:Imagine (usoro ihe nkiri TV)|Imagine]]''.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b08g7hr8 "She Spoke the Unspeakable"], BBC One, ''Imagine'', Winter 2017. [http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x5cu7f1 Via] Dailymotion.</ref> ==Ọnwụ== Saadawi nwụrụ n'abalị iri abụọ na otu nke ọnwa Maachị afọ 2021, mgbe ọ dị afọ iri asatọ na itoolu, n'ụlọọgwụ dị na Cairo.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://english.ahram.org.eg/News/407474.aspx|title=Renowned Egyptian feminist, author Nawal El-Saadawi dies at the age of 89|website=Ahram Online|first=Mohammed |last=Saad |date=21 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://egyptianstreets.com/2021/03/21/pioneering-egyptian-feminist-nawal-el-saadawi-dies-aged-89/|title=Pioneering Egyptian Feminist Nawal El Saadawi Dies Aged 89|website=Egyptian Streets|date=21 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/1829281/offbeat |title=Arab author, women's rights icon Nawal El-Saadawi dies in Cairo |website=Arab News |date=21 March 2021 }}</ref> Her life was commemorated on BBC Radio 4's obituary programme ''Last Word''.<ref>{{cite episode| title= Nawal El Saadawi (pictured), Brigadier Jack Thomas, President John Magufuli, Ion Mihai Pacepa| series= Last Word| credits= Producer: Neil George; Interviewed guests: [[Mona Eltahawy]], Sally Nabil| station= BBC Radio 4| airdate= 26 March 2021| url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/m000tg67 | access-date= 28 March 2021 }}</ref> ==Ihe nrite na nsọpụrụ ahọpụtara== *2004: North–South Prize site na Council of Europe<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.coe.int/en/web/north-south-centre/previous-laureates-of-the-north-south-prize|title=Previous laureates of the North-South Prize|publisher=Council of Europe|website=coe.int}}</ref> *2005: Inana International Prize, Belgium<ref name="auto1"/> *2007: Honorary Doctorate, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium<ref>{{cite book|chapter-url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-1-137-58730-5_4|publisher=Nawal El Saadawi|doi=10.1007/978-1-137-58730-5_4|title=Diary of a Child Called Souad|year=2016|last1=El Saadawi|first1=Nawal|chapter=Nawal el Saadawi and a History of Oppression: Brief Biographical Facts |pages=153–158|isbn=978-1-137-58936-1}}</ref> *2007: Honorary Doctorate, Université libre de Bruxelles, Belgium<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ulb.be/en/about-ulb/ulbs-honorary-doctorates|title=ULB's honorary doctorates|website=ulb.be|publisher=Université libre de Bruxelles}}</ref> *2010: Honorary Doctorate, National Autonomous University of Mexico]], Mexico<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.barrons.com/news/author-physician-nawal-el-saadawi-egypt-s-critic-of-taboos-01616337305?tesla=y|title=Author, Physician Nawal El-Saadawi, Egypt's Critic Of Taboos|website=barrons.com|first=Farid|last= Farid|publisher=Barron's|date=21 March 2021}}</ref> *2011: Stig Dagerman Prize<ref>{{cite web |url=http://blog.svd.se/kultur/2012/01/09/motvillig-el-saadawi-far-dagermanpriset/ |title=Motvillig El Saadawi får Dagermanpriset |work=[[SvD]] |language=sv |date=9 January 2012 |access-date=27 October 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aftonbladet.se/kultur/article14833794.ab |title=Lydnad är ett dödligt gift |work=Kultur |language=sv |date=15 May 2012 |access-date=27 October 2012}}</ref> *2012: Seán MacBride Peace Prize<ref name="auto2"/> *2015: BBC's 100 Women<ref name="bbc">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-34745739|title=BBC 100 Women 2015: Who is on the list?|date=17 November 2015|work=BBC News|access-date=3 August 2019|language=en-GB}}</ref> *2020: ''[[w:Time (magazine)|Time]]''{{'}}s 100 Women of the Year (1981)<ref> {{cite magazine |url=https://time.com/5793662/nawal-el-saadawi-100-women-of-the-year/ |title=1981: Nawal El Saadawi |magazine=Time |date=5 March 2020 }}</ref> ==Ọrụ ndị ahọpụtara== Saadawi dere ihe nke ọma, wee tinye ụfọdụ n'ime ọrụ ya n'ịntanetị.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Amireh |first=Amal |date=2000 |title=Framing Nawal El Saadawi: Arab Feminism in a Transnational World |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3175385 |journal=Signs |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=215–249 |doi=10.1086/495572 |jstor=3175385 |s2cid=143010343 |issn=0097-9740|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Saiti |first1=Ramzi |last2=Salti |first2=Ramzi M. |date=1994 |title=Paradise, Heaven, and Other Oppressive Spaces: A Critical Examination of the Life and Works of Nawal el-Saadawi |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4183334 |journal=Journal of Arabic Literature |volume=25 |issue=2 |pages=152–174 |doi=10.1163/157006494X00059 |jstor=4183334 |issn=0085-2376|url-access=subscription }}</ref> '''Akwụkwọ akụkọ na akwụkwọ akụkọ''' * ''Mudhakkirat tabiba'' (Cairo, 1958). ''Memoirs of a Woman Doctor'', trans. Catherine Cobham (Saqi Books, 1988) * ''Al ghayib'' (Cairo, 1965). ''Searching'', trans. Shirley Eber (Zed Books, 1991) * ''Imra'tani fi-Imra'a'' (Cairo, 1968). ''Two Women in One'', trans. Osman Nusairi and Jana Gough (Saqi Books, 1985) * ''Maut ar-raǧul al-waḥīd ʿala ‚l-arḍ'' (1974). ''God Dies by the Nile'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Zed Books, 1985) * ''Al-khait wa'ayn al-hayat'' (Cairo, 1976). ''The Well of Life and the Thread: Two Short Novels'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Lime Tree, 1993) * ''Ughniyat al-atfal al da iriyah'' (Beirut: Dar al-Adab, 1977). ''The Circling Song'', trans. Marilyn Booth (Zed Books, 1989) * ''Emra'a enda noktat el sifr'' (Beirut: Dar al-Adab, 1977). ''Woman at Point Zero'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Zed Books, 1983) * ''Mawt Ma'ali al-Wazir Sabiqan'' (1980). ''Death of an Ex-Minister'', trans. Shirley Eber (Methuen, 1987) * ''Suqūṭ al-imām'' (Cairo, 1987). ''The Fall of the Imam'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Methuen, 1988) * ''Jann āt wa-Iblīs'' (Beirut, 1992). ''The Innocence of the Devil'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Methuen, 1994) * ''Ḥubb fī zaman al-naf̣t'' (Cairo, 1993). ''Love in the Kingdom of Oil'', trans. Basil Hatim and Malcolm Williams (Saqi Books, 2001) * ''Al-Riwayah'' (Cairo: Dar El Hilal, 2004). ''The Novel'', trans. Omnia Amin and Rick London (Interlink Books, 2009) * ''Zeina'' (Beirut: Dar Al Saqi, 2009). ''Zeina'', trans. Amira Nowaira (Saqi Books, 2011) '''Nchịkọta akụkọ dị mkpirikpi''' * ''Ta'allamt al-hubb'' (Cairo, 1957). ''I Learned Love'' * ''Lahzat sidq'' (Cairo, 1959). ''Moment of Truth'' * ''Little Tenderness'' (Cairo, 1960) * ''al-Khayt wa-l-jidar'' (1972). ''The Thread and the Wall'' * ''Ain El Hayat'' (Beirut, 1976) * ''Kānat hiya al-aḍʻaf'' ["She Was the Weaker"] (1979). ''She Has No Place in Paradise'', trans. Shirley Eber (Methuen, 1987). Includes three additional stories: "She Has No Place in Paradise", "Two Women Friends", and "'Beautiful'". * ''Adab Am Kellet Abad'' (Cairo, 2000) '''Egwuregwu''' * ''Ithna 'ashar imra'a fi zinzana wahida'' (Cairo, 1984). ''Twelve Women in a Cell'' * ''Isis'' (Cairo, 1985) * ''God Resigns in the Summit Meeting'' (1996), published by Madbouli, and four other plays included in her ''Collected Works'' (45 books in Arabic), Cairo: Madbouli, 2007 * ''Twelve Women in a Cell: Plays by Mediterranean Women'' (Aurora Metro Books, 1994) '''Ihe ncheta''' * ''Mudhakkirat fi Sijn al-Nisa'' (Cairo, 1983). ''Memoirs from the Women's Prison'', trans. Marilyn Booth (The Women's Press, 1986) * ''Rihlati hawla al-'alam'' (Cairo, 1986). ''My Travels Around the World'', trans. Shirley Eber (Methuen, 1991) * ''Memoirs of a Child Called Soad'' (Cairo, 1990) * ''Awraqi hayati'', first volume (Cairo, 1995). ''A Daughter of Isis'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Zed Books, 1999) * ''Awraqi hayati'', second volume (Cairo, 1998). ''Walking Through Fire'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Zed Books, 2002) * ''My Life, Part III'' (Cairo, 2001) '''Akụkọ na-abụghị akụkọ ifo''' * ''Women and Sex'' (Cairo, 1969) * ''Woman Is the Origin'' (Cairo, 1971) * ''Men and Sex'' (Cairo, 1973) * ''The Naked Face of Arab Women'' (Cairo, 1974) * ''Women and Neurosis'' (Cairo, 1975) * ''Al-Wajh al-'ari lil-mar'a al-'arabiyy'' (1977). ''The Hidden Face of Eve: Women in the Arab World'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Zed Press, 1980) * ''On Women'' (Cairo, 1986) * ''A New Battle in Arab Women Liberation'' (Cairo, 1992) * ''Collection of Essays'' (Cairo, 1998) * ''Collection of Essays'' (Cairo, 2001) * ''Breaking Down Barriers'' (Cairo, 2004) '''Compilations in English''' * ''Plays by Mediterranean Women'' (Aurora Metro Books, 1994, {{ISBN|978-0-9515877-3-7}}) * ''North/South: The Nawal El Saadawi Reader'' (Zed Books, 1997) * ''Off Limits: New Writings on Fear and Sin'' (Gingko Library, 2019, {{ISBN|978-88-87847-16-1}}) == Hụkwa ==   *   *   *   * Thesis/dissertation.  <templatestyles src="Module:Side box/styles.css"></templatestyles> * Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Nawal El Saadawi na archive.org * Adele Newson-Horst, "[https://www.worldliteraturetoday.org/blog/literary-tributes/remembering-nawal-el-saadawi-adele-newson-horst "Ịcheta Nawal El Saadawi"]", World Literature Today, 24 March 2021. * [[Ernest Emenyonu]], "NAWAL EL SAADAWI: Ndụ na edemede (Ọktoba 27, 1931 - Machị 21, 2021) ", Boydell na Brewer, 13 Mee 2021. [[Otú:Articles with hCards]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 019hvsr92yxwq6azikz25cego7diobx 736901 736899 2026-10-09T09:19:40Z Adimora chidinma 15845 /* Career */ 736901 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}   '''Nawal El Saadawi''' ({{langx|ar|نوال السعداوي}}, {{ALA-LC|arz|Nawāl as-Saʿdāwī}};27 Ọktoba 1931 – 21 Maachị 2021) bụ onye edemede feminist nke Ijipt, activist, disciatist, na psychiatrist. O dere ọtụtụ akwụkwọ gbasara ụmụ nwanyị na Islam, na-elekwasị anya n'okwu ndị metụtara ụmụ nwanyị na Global South, gụnyere sexuality, patriarchy social class, na colonialism.<ref name=":3" /> Ọ bụ onye hiwere ma bụrụkwa onyeisi oche nke otu Arab Women's Solidarity Association.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2 March 2015|title=Nawal El Saadawi|url=https://orgs.law.harvard.edu/womeninspiringchange/2015-honorees/nawal-el-saadawi/|access-date=9 October 2020|website=Women Inspiring Change|language=en-US|archive-date=18 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201218120145/https://orgs.law.harvard.edu/womeninspiringchange/2015-honorees/nawal-el-saadawi/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>Hitchcock, Peter; El Saadawi, Nawal; Hatata, Sherif. "Living the Struggle". ''Transition'' 61 (1993): 170–179.</ref> Ọ bụkwa onye hiwere Arab Association for Human Rights.<ref>Nawal El Saadawi, "Presentation by Nawal El Saadawi: President's Forum, M/MLA Annual Convention, November 4, 1999", ''The Journal of the Midwest Modern Language Association'' 33.3–34.1 (Autumn 2000 – Winter 2001): 34–39.</ref> O nwetara akara ugo mmụta nsọpụrụ site na mahadum dị na kọntinent atọ. Na 2004, Kọnsụl nke Yuropu nyere ya North–South Prize. Na 2005, o nwetara ihe nrite mba ụwa Inana na Belgium.<ref name="auto1">[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jue04c1_wkY "PEN World Voices Arthur Miller Freedom to Write Lecture by Nawal El Saadawi"], YouTube. 8 September 2009.</ref> Na 2012, International Peace Bureau nyere ya onyinye Seán MacBride Peace Prize.<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web|title=International Peace Bureau|url=http://www.ipb.org/web/index.php?mostra=news&menu=home&id_nom=IPB+to+award+2012+Sean+MacBride+Peace+Prize+to+Nawal+El-Sadaawi+and+Lina+Ben+Mhenni|website=www.ipb.org|access-date=25 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925221701/http://www.ipb.org/web/index.php?mostra=news&menu=home&id_nom=IPB+to+award+2012+Sean+MacBride+Peace+Prize+to+Nawal+El-Sadaawi+and+Lina+Ben+Mhenni|archive-date=25 September 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ndụ mbido == A mụrụ Saadawi, onye nke abụọ n'ime ụmụ itoolu, na 27 Ọktoba 1931 n'obodo nta dị na Kafr Tahla, [[Egypt]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/mar/22/nawal-el-saadawi-obituary|title=Nawal El Saadawi obituary|date=22 March 2021|first=Sarah A|last= Smith|website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Elkhatib |first1=Sameh |title=Egyptian feminist and author el-Saadawi dies at 89 |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/egyptian-feminist-author-el-saadawi-dies-89-2021-03-22/ |website=Reuters |access-date=24 March 2026}}</ref> E mere Saadawi ebe ụmụ nwanyị bi n'ime akụkụ ahụ ha <ref name=Khaleeli /> at the age of six,<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last1=Sa'dawi|first1=Nawal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I9vqMossOjoC|title=A Daughter of Isis: The Autobiography of Nawal El Saadawi|last2=Saadawi|first2=Nawal El|last3=Saʻdāwī|first3=Nawāl|last4=Saʿdāwī|first4=Nawāl as-|date=1999|publisher=[[Zed Books]]|isbn=978-1-85649-680-3|pages=63–87|language=en}}</ref> ọ bụ ezie na nna ya kwenyere na ụmụ agbọghọ na ụmụ nwoke kwesịrị ịgụ akwụkwọ. O kwuru na nne na nna ya bụ ndị nwere nnwere onwe mgbe ha na-etolite.<ref name=":1"/> Nna ya Upper Egypt bụ onye ọrụ gọọmentị na [[w:Ministry of Education (Egypt)|Ministry of Education]], onye lụsoro ọgụ megide British rebel Egypt n'oge Egypt Revolution of 1919. N'ihi ya, a chụpụrụ ya n'obodo nta dị na Naịl, gọọmentị ekweghịkwa ịkwalite ya ruo afọ 10. Ọ bụ onye na-aga n'ihu ma kụziere nwa ya nwanyị ịkwanyere onwe ya ùgwù na ikwu okwu n'uche ya. Ọ gbakwara ya ume ka ọ mụọ asụsụ Arabik. Agbanyeghị, mgbe El Saadawi dị afọ 10, ezinụlọ ya gbalịrị ime ka ọ lụọ di, mana nne ya kwadoro ya n'ịjụ.<ref name=taylor>{{Cite news |title=Nawal El Saadawi: Feminist firebrand who dared to write dangerously (obituary) |last=Taylor-Coleman |first=Jasmine |website=BBC News |date=21 March 2021 |url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-55048245}}</ref> Both her parents died at a young age,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Nawal El Saadawi|url=http://faculty.webster.edu/woolflm/saadawi.html|access-date=25 September 2015|website=faculty.webster.edu|archive-date=2 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170602080913/http://faculty.webster.edu/woolflm/saadawi.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>{{Unreliable source?|date=September 2021|sure=y|reason=This is an unpublished undergraduate student assignment paper}} na-ahapụ Saadawi naanị ibu ọrụ nke ilekọta ezinụlọ buru ibu.<ref name="bornexile">{{Cite web |url=http://www.nawalsaadawi.net/oldsite/articlesnawal/bornexile.htm |title=Exile and Resistance |first=Nawal |last=El Saadaw|website=Nawal El Saadawi/Sherif Hetata |date=November 2002|access-date=23 June 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091027223127/http://www.nawalsaadawi.net/oldsite/articlesnawal/bornexile.htm |archive-date=27 October 2009 |url-status=usurped }}</ref> Nne ya, Zaynab, sitere n'agbụrụ bara ọgaranya [[w:Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]];<ref>{{cite news|last=Cowell|first=Alan |author-link=Alan Cowell |year=2021|title=Nawal El Saadawi, Advocate for Women in the Arab World, Dies at 89 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/21/obituaries/nawal-el-saadawi-dead.html|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|quote=Nawal El Saadawi was born on Oct. 27, 1931, in the village of Kafr Tahla, a settlement in the lower Nile Delta, the second of nine children. Her mother, Zaynab (Shoukry) El Saadawi, was partially descended from a wealthy Ottoman family. Her father, Al-Sayed El Saadawi, was an official in the government’s education ministry. }}</ref> Saadawi kọwara nna nna ya nke nne ya, Shoukry,<ref>{{cite book|first=Nawal|last= El Saadawi|year=2013|title=A Daughter of Isis: The Early Life of Nawal El Saadawi|publisher=Zed Books|isbn=978-1848136403}}</ref> na nne nne ya dị ka onye Ottoman si malite.<ref name="CaliforniaUni">{{citation|first=Nawal|last= El Saadawi|year=1986|title=Memoirs from the Women's Prison|publisher=University of California Press|page=64|quote= "My eyes widened in astonishment. Even my maternal grandmother used to sing, although she was born to a Turkish mother and lived in my grandfather's house in the epoch when harems still existed." |isbn=0520088883}}</ref> Ọbụna mgbe ọ bụ nwata, ọ katọrọ obodo ndị nwoke bi na ya, ebe ụmụ nwoke ji ha kpọrọ ihe karịa ụmụ nwanyị, na-emeghachi omume n'iwe nye nne nne ya, onye kwuru na "nwoke bara uru ụmụ nwanyị iri na ise ma ọ dịkarịa ala... Ụmụ agbọghọ bụ nsogbu".<ref name=taylor/> O ji nganga kọwaa onwe ya dị ka nwanyị Ijipt agba ọchịchịrị kemgbe ọ dị obere.<ref>{{Citation|url=https://zora.medium.com/my-childhood-in-egypt-not-knowing-i-was-in-africa-27580b07a93b|title=My Childhood in Egypt, Not Knowing I Was in Africa|first=Nawal|last=El Saadawi|website=zora.medium.com|date=13 June 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=New Daughters of Africa|chapter=About Me in Africa—Politics and Religion in my Childhood|editor-first=Margaret|first=El Saadawi|last=Nawal|editor-last=Busby|publisher=[[Myriad Editions]]|edition=paperback|pages=42–44|date=2020}}</ref> == Career == Saadawi gụsịrị akwụkwọ dịka dọkịta na 1955 na Mahadum Cairo. N'afọ ahụ, ọ lụrụ Ahmed Helmi, onye ọ zutere dịka nwa akwụkwọ ibe ya na ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụike. Ha nwere nwa nwanyị, Mona Helmi.<ref name=Khaleeli/> Alụmdi na nwunye ahụ kwụsịrị mgbe afọ abụọ gachara.<ref name=JoISR>{{cite journal|first=Yusuf|last=Koseli|title=A PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH TO THE NOVEL OF NAWAL EL SAADAWI TITLED MÜZEKKİRAT TABİBE|journal=The Journal of International Social Research|date=2013|volume=6|issue=28|url=http://www.sosyalarastirmalar.com/cilt6/cilt6sayi28_pdf/koseli_yusuf.pdf|access-date=15 April 2020}}</ref><ref name=Khaleeli>{{Cite web|title = Nawal El Saadawi: Egypt's radical feminist|url = https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2010/apr/15/nawal-el-saadawi-egyptian-feminist|website =The Guardian|date= 15 April 2010|access-date =15 April 2020|first = Homa|last = Khaleeli}}</ref> Site na ọrụ ahụike ya, ọ hụrụ nsogbu anụ ahụ na nke uche ụmụ nwanyị ma jikọta ha na omume omenala siri ike, mmegbu nna ochie, mmegbu klaasị na mmegbu ndị ọchịchị alaeze ukwu.<ref name="women">[http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/1999/462/women.htm Feminism in a nationalist century] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100419040800/http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/1999/462/women.htm |date=19 April 2010 }}</ref> Di ya nke abụọ bụ onye ọrụ ibe ya, Rashad Bey.<ref name=JoISR/><ref>{{cite thesis|url=https://www.academia.edu/23224495|title=Voice of Oppressed from the Margins: A Critical Reading on Nawal El Saadawi's "Woman at Point Zero"|last=Puthiyakath|first=Hashim H.|publisher=Central University of Tamil Nadu|access-date=15 April 2020}}</ref> Mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ dịka dọkịta n'ebe a mụrụ ya na Kafr Tahla, ọ hụrụ ihe isi ike na enweghị nha anya ụmụ nwanyị bi n'ime obodo na-eche ihu. Mgbe ọ gbalịsịrị ichebe otu n'ime ndị ọrịa ya pụọ ​​na ime ihe ike n'ezinụlọ, a kpọrọ Saadawi ka ọ laghachi Cairo. O mechara bụrụ Onyeisi nke Ministry of [[w:health public|Public Health]] wee zute di ya nke atọ, Sherif Hatata, mgbe ọ na-ekerịta ụlọ ọrụ na Ministry of Health. Hatata, bụkwa dọkịta na onye edemede, abụrụla onye mkpọrọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ruo afọ 13. Ha lụrụ na 1964 ma mụta nwa nwoke.<ref name="bornexile"/><ref name=Khaleeli/> Saadawi na Hatata biri ọnụ ruo afọ iri anọ na atọ<ref name=Cooke>{{cite web|last1=Cooke|first1=Rachel|title=Nawal El Saadawi: 'Do you feel you are liberated? I feel I am not'|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/oct/11/nawal-el-saadawi-interview-do-you-feel-you-are-liberated-not|work=[[The Observer]]|date=11 October 2015|access-date=15 April 2020}}</ref> and divorced in 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/18/62/99644/Books/Review/ElSaadawi-and-Hatata-Voyage-of-a-lifetime.aspx|title=El-Saadawi and Hatata: Voyage of a lifetime|date=24 April 2014|publisher=Ahram Online|first=Mahmoud |last=El-Wardani|access-date=15 April 2020}}</ref> [[File:Shirin Ershadi, Shirin Ebadi and Nawal el-Saadawi (2413951897).jpg|thumb|Shirin Ershadi, Shirin Ebadi na Nawal el-Saadawi]] Saadawi gara Mahadum Columbia, wee nweta nzere masta na ahụike ọha na eze na 1966.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Smith|first=Harrison|date=23 March 2021|title=Nawal El Saadawi, Egyptian author, physician and feminist activist, dies at 89|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/nawal-el-saadawi-dead/2021/03/23/43c7c250-8b19-11eb-a730-1b4ed9656258_story.html|access-date=16 June 2021}}</ref> Na 1972, o bipụtara akwụkwọ ya ''Woman and Sex'' ikọwaa ihe dị iche iche e mere megide ahụ ụmụ nwanyị, gụnyere ibi úgwù ụmụ nwanyị. Akwụkwọ ahụ ghọrọ ihe ndabere nke ihe gbaara ụmụ nwanyị nke abụọ. N'ihi akwụkwọ ahụ na ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ya, a chụpụrụ Saadawi n'ọkwa ya na Ministri Ahụike.<ref name="women" /> Ọ tụfuru ọkwa ya dịka onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke otu akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụike, nakwa dịka Osote Odeakwụkwọ Ukwu na Òtù Ahụike na Ijipt. Site na 1973 ruo 1976, Saadawi rụrụ ọrụ n'inyocha ụmụ nwanyị na neurosis na ngalaba ọgwụ nke Ain Shams University. Site na 1979 ruo 1980, ọ bụ onye ndụmọdụ United Nations maka Mmemme Ụmụ nwanyị na Afrịka (ECA) na Middle East (ECWA).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://scholarblogs.emory.edu/postcolonialstudies/2014/06/11/saadawi-nawal-el-2/|title=Saadawi, Nawal el – Postcolonial Studies|website=scholarblogs.emory.edu|language=en-US|access-date=31 July 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r9SPVEG3cv0C&q=Nawal+Saadawi+united+nations+advisor+1979&pg=PR1|title=The Nawal El Saadawi Reader|last=Saʻdāwī|first=Nawāl|date=15 December 1997|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=9781856495141|language=en}}</ref> === Ikpe ụlọ ikpe megide ya === Na 2002, Nabih el-Wahsh mere mgbalị iwu n'ụlọ ikpe Ijipt ịgba el-Saadawi alụkwaghịm n'aka di ya n'ụzọ iwu kwadoro n'ihi [[w:hisbah|hesba]], ụkpụrụ nke narị afọ nke 9 nke shariah law, nke na-ekwe ka a mara ndị Alakụba a na-ahụ na ha na-emebi Islam ikpe. Ihe akaebe e ji megide ya bụ ajụjụ ọnụ nke Machị ebe el-Wahsh kwuru na ọ gbahapụrụ Islam. Mgbalị iwu ahụ agaghị nke ọma.<ref name=Khaleeli /><ref>{{Cite web |date=18 June 2001 |title=Cairo writer threatened with divorce |url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2001/jun/18/internationaleducationnews.highereducation |access-date=22 December 2022 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref> N'afọ 2008, e mere otu ihe ahụ iji napụ el-Saadawi mba Ijipt ya n'ihi echiche na ihe odide ya siri ike, mgbalị a agaghịkwa enwe isi.<ref name=Khaleeli /> === Mkpọrọ === Kemgbe gọọmentị Ijipt lere ya anya dị ka ihe na-ese okwu ma dị ize ndụ, Saadawi nyere aka bipụta akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị otu nwanyị na 1981 nke akpọrọ ''Confrontation.'' President of Egypt Anwar Sadat tụrụ ya mkpọrọ na Septemba.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Uglow|first1=Jennifer S.|author2=Maggy Hendry|title=The Northeastern Dictionary of Women's Biography|url=https://archive.org/details/northeasterndict0000uglo|url-access=registration|year=1999|publisher=Northeastern University Press|isbn= 9781555534219|pages=[https://archive.org/details/northeasterndict0000uglo/page/189 189]–190}}</ref> Saadawi kwuru otu oge n'ajụjụ ọnụ a gbara ya: "E jidere m n'ihi na ekwere m Sadat. O kwuru na e nwere ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na anyị nwere usoro ọtụtụ pati, ị nwekwara ike ịkatọ ya. Ya mere, amalitere m ịkatọ iwu ya, m wee banye n'ụlọ mkpọrọ." Sadat kwuru na ọchịchị e guzobere bụ ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya maka ndị mmadụ, nakwa na ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya dị njikere maka nkatọ bara uru. Dịka Saadawi si kwuo, Sadat tụrụ ya mkpọrọ n'ihi nkatọ ya maka ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya. Ọbụna n'ụlọ mkpọrọ, ọ ka chọtara ụzọ isi lụso mmegbu ụmụ nwanyị ọgụ. Mgbe ọ nọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ, o guzobere otu Arab Women's Solidarity Association. Nke a bụ otu mbụ iwu kwadoro na nke nwere onwe ya na Egypt. N'ụlọ mkpọrọ, a jụrụ ya pen na akwụkwọ, agbanyeghị, nke ahụ egbochighị ya ịnọgide na-ede ihe. O jiri "pensụl nku anya ojii siri ike" na "obere akwụkwọ mposi ochie na nke gbawara agbawa" dekọọ echiche ya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Interview with Nawal el aasawi|url=http://www.nyu.edu/classes/keefer/twenty/nawal.html|last=Network|first=Vile News|date=2015|access-date=26 April 2020}}</ref> A tọhapụrụ ya n'afọ ahụ, otu ọnwa ka e gbusịrị Onyeisiala. Banyere ahụmịhe ya, o dere, sị: "Ihe ize ndụ abụrụla akụkụ nke ndụ m kemgbe m were mkpịsị akwụkwọ wee dee ihe. Ọ dịghị ihe dị ize ndụ karịa eziokwu n'ụwa nke dị ụgha."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/2001/06/03/stories/13030786.htm |title=Egypt's face of courage |work=The Hindu|first=Kalpana|last=Sharma|date=3 June 2001|access-date=25 September 2013 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041030002518/http://www.hinduonnet.com/2001/06/03/stories/13030786.htm |archive-date=30 October 2004 }}</ref> Na afọ 1982, o hiwere otu Arab Women's Solidarity Association.<ref>Hussey, Sierra, [https://www.sahistory.org.za/archive/biography-nawal-el-saadawi-sierra-hussey "Biography of Nawal El Saadawi"], South African History Online.</ref> Ọ kọwara otu ya dị ka "onye akụkọ ihe mere eme, onye na-akwado ọchịchị ọha, na onye na-akwado ikike ụmụ nwanyị".<ref>{{cite magazine |url= https://www.aljadid.com/node/2254|title= Nawal El-Saadawi's 'Daughter of Isis' Life and Times via the Plenitude of Her Writings |first=D.H. |last=Melhem|website=Al Jadid Magazine|volume= 5|number= 29|date=Autumn 1999|access-date=22 March 2021}}</ref> Saadawi bụ otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị e jidere n'ụlọ mkpọrọ ụmụ nwanyị Qanatir. Mkpọrọ ya bụ ntọala maka afọ 1983 ya. ''Memoirs from the Women's Prison'' ({{langx|ar|مذكرات في سجن النساء }}). Mkparịta ụka ya na onye mkpọrọ nọ na Qanatir, afọ itoolu tupu a tụọ ya mkpọrọ ebe ahụ, bụ ihe mkpali maka ọrụ mbụ ya, akwụkwọ akụkọ akpọrọ aha ya bụ ''Woman at Point Zero'' ({{langx|ar|امرأة عند نقطة الصفر}}, 1975).<ref name="Krajeski, The New Yorker">{{Cite magazine|url=http://www.newyorker.com/books/page-turner/the-books-of-nawal-el-saadawi|title=The Books of Nawal El Saadawi|magazine=[[The New Yorker]]|first=Jenna|last=Krajeski|date=7 March 2011|access-date=31 July 2017}}</ref> === Mkpagbu ndị ọzọ, nkuzi na US, na ngagharị iwe ndị ọzọ mechara mee === Na 1993, mgbe ndị Alakụba na mkpagbu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị yiri ndụ ya egwu, a manyere Saadawi ịgbapụ n'Ijipt. Ọ nabatara onyinye ịkụzi ihe na Ngalaba Asụsụ Eshia na Afrịka nke Mahadum Duke dị na [[North Carolina]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Former Visiting Professor in Court, Under Fire in Egypt|url=https://today.duke.edu/2001/06/el-saadawi629.html|date=29 June 2001|website=Duke Today|publisher=Duke University|access-date=1 April 2021|language=en}}</ref><ref name=BMJ>Dr Dora Carpenter-Latiri, [http://blogs.bmj.com/medical-humanities/2015/11/11/the-reading-room-a-review-of-memoirs-of-a-woman-doctor/ "The Reading Room: A review of ‘Memoirs of a woman doctor{{'"}}], ''BMJ'' Blog, 11 November 2015.</ref> nakwa na Mahadum Washington. O mechara nọrọ n'ọtụtụ kọleji na mahadum ndị a ma ama dịka Mahadum Cairo, Harvard, Yale, [[w:Mahadum Columbia|Columbia]], [[w:Mahadum Paris|Sorbonne]], [[w:Mahadum Georgetown|Georgetown]], Mahadum Steeti Florida, na Mahadum California, Berkeley. Na 1996, ọ laghachiri Ijipt.<ref name="BMJ"/><ref>{{cite web|last=Ling|first= Jessica |url=http://www.warscapes.com/blog/today-history-happy-85th-birthday-nawal-el-saadawi |title=Today in History: Happy 85th Birthday, Nawal El Saadawi!|website=Warscapes|date=27 October 2016}}</ref> Saadawi gara n'ihu na-akwado ya ma chee echiche ịzọ ọkwa na 2005 ntuli aka onyeisiala Ijipt, tupu ọ pụọ n'ihi ihe siri ike achọrọ maka ndị ga-azọ ọkwa nke mbụ.<ref>[https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2005/7/16/egypt-presidential-aspirant-pulls-out "Egypt presidential aspirant pulls out"], AlJazeera, 16 July 2005. Retrieved 21 July 2021.</ref> O so n'ime ndị ngagharị iwe na Tahrir Square na 2011.<ref>{{cite web|first=Elizabeth |last=Rubin|url=http://www.newsweek.com/2011/03/06/the-feminists-in-the-middle-of-tahrir-square.html |title=The Feminists in the Middle of Tahrir Square|work=[[Newsweek]]|date= 6 March 2011}}</ref> O kwuru ka a kwụsị nkuzi okpukperechi n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị Ijipt.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nawal El Saadawi – Illustrated Women in History |url=https://illustratedwomeninhistory.com/nawal-el-saadawi-is-an-egyptian-feminist-writer/ |date=28 October 2015|access-date=15 May 2022 |language=en-US}}</ref> Saadawi was awarded the 2004 North–South Prize by the Council of Europe.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/nscentre/winners_nsp_EN.asp|title=North-South Centre homepage|website=North-South Centre|language=en-GB|access-date=18 March 2018}}</ref> Na Julaị 2016, ọ bụ onyeisi emume akwụkwọ Royal African Society nke akpọrọ "Africa Writes" na London, ebe o kwuru okwu gbasara "On Being a Woman Writer" na mkparịta ụka ya na [[Margaret Busby]].<ref>{{cite web|first=Kelechi |last=Iwumene|url=http://africawrites.org/blog/africa-writes-2016-the-round-up/ |title=Africa Writes 2016: The Round-Up|publisher=Royal African Society|date= July 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://africawrites.org/uncategorized/on-being-a-woman-writer-nawal-el-saadawi-in-conversation-2/ |title=On Being A Woman Writer: Nawal El Saadawi in conversation|website= Africa Writes|publisher=Royal African Society|date= 2 July 2016}}</ref> [[File:Nawal El Saadawi, April 2012 (cropped).jpg|thumb|April 2012]] Na Göteborg Book Fair nke mere na Septemba 27 ruo 30, 2018, Saadawi gara seminar gbasara mmepe na Ijipt na Middle East mgbe Arab Spring gasịrị.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gp.se/kultur/kultur/nawal-el-sadaawi-till-bokm%C3%A4ssan-1.7940393|title=Nawal El Sadaawi till Bokmässan|work=Göteborgs-Posten|language=sv|date=29 August 2018|access-date=10 October 2018}}</ref> ma n'oge okwu ya na mmemme ahụ kwuru na ike ụwa niile "ndị ọchịchị aka ike, ndị isi obodo, ndị ọchịchị alaeze ukwu, ndị na-akpa ókè agbụrụ", nke United States na-edu, jikọrọ aka na gọọmentị Ijipt iji kwụsị mgbanwe Ijipt nke afọ 2011. O kwukwara na ya chetara ịhụ Odeakwụkwọ nke Mba U.S. n'oge ahụ [[Hillary Clinton]] na Tahrir Square ka ọ na-enye ndị ntorobịa akwụkwọ dollar iji gbaa ha ume ka ha votu maka Ụmụnna Ndị Alakụba na ntuli aka na-abịa.,<ref>[https://www.memri.org/tv/egyptian-activist-nawal-saadawi-saw-hillary-clinton-dollars-tahrir-square "Onye na-akwado ikike ụmụnwaanyị Ijipt bụ Nawal El Saadawi: Ahụrụ m Hillary Clinton ka ọ na-enye ego mba Amerịka na Tahrir Square ka ndị mmadụ wee tụọ vootu maka ụmụnna ndị Alakụba"], [[Memri TV]], 30 Septemba 2018</ref> ọ bụ ezie na enweghị ihe akaebe na ihe a a na-ekwu mere. Nawal El Saadawi nwere ọkwa dịka onye dere akwụkwọ maka Kansụl Kasị Elu maka Nkà na Sayensị Mmekọrịta, Cairo; Onyeisi Isi nke Ngalaba Mmụta Ahụike, Ministry of Health, Cairo, Odeakwụkwọ Ukwu nke Medical Association, Cairo, Egypt, na dọkịta na Ụlọ Ọgwụ Mahadum na [[w:Ministry of Health and Population (Egypt)|Ministry of Health]]. Ọ bụ onye hiwere otu agụmakwụkwọ ahụike na otu ndị edemede ụmụ nwanyị Ijipt; ọ bụkwa onyeisi nchịkọta akụkọ nke "Health Magazine" na Cairo, nakwa onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke "Medical Association Magazine".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ipb.org/nawal-el-sadaawi-in-memory/|title=Nawal El Sadaawi – In Memory|first=Ingeborg |last=Breines|author-link=Ingeborg Breines|website=ipb.org|publisher=IPB – International Peace Bureau|access-date=19 February 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gold.ac.uk/news/nawal-el-saadawi-tribute/|title=Tribute to doctor, writer and activist Nawal El Saadawi|website=gold.ac.uk|publisher=[[Goldsmiths University of London]]|date=26 March 2021|access-date=19 February 2024}}</ref> == Ide ihe == [[File:Nawal El Saadawi 02.JPG|thumb|right|Saadawi at the Göteborg Book Fair na 2010]] Saadawi malitere ide ihe na mbido ọrụ ya. Ihe odide mbụ ya gụnyere ọtụtụ akụkọ dị mkpirikpi nke akpọrọ ''Amụtara m Ịhụnanya'' (1957) na akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya, ''Memoirs of a Woman Doctor'' (1958). O mechara dee ọtụtụ akwụkwọ akụkọ na obere akụkọ na akwụkwọ ncheta onwe ya, ''Memoir from the Women's Prison'' (1986). E bipụtala Saadawi n'ọtụtụ akwụkwọ akụkọ, a sụgharịkwara ọrụ ya site na Arabic mbụ gaa na ihe karịrị asụsụ 30.<ref>Van Allen, Judith Imel, [https://books.google.com/books?id=fy11AwAAQBAJ&dq=saadawi+translated+into+more+than+30+languages&pg=PT1369 "Saadawi, Nawal El (1931–)"], in Gary L. Anderson and Kathryn G. Herr (eds), ''Encyclopedia of Activism and Social Justice'', Sage Publications, 2007, pp. 1249–1250.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=El Saadawi, Nawal (1932–) {{!}} Encyclopedia.com |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/international/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/el-saadawi-nawal-1932 |access-date=15 May 2022 |website=www.encyclopedia.com}}</ref> Na 1972, o bipụtara akwụkwọ mbụ ya nke anaghị akụkọ ifo, ''Women and Sex'',<ref name="women" /> which evoked the antagonism of highly placed political and theological authorities.<ref name="Krajeski, The New Yorker" /> O mekwara ka a chụọ ya n'ọrụ na Ministri Ahụike.<ref name="women" /> Ọrụ ndị ọzọ gụnyere ''The Hidden Face of Eve'',<ref>{{cite book |title=The hidden face of Eve : women in the Arab world |oclc=924716956 }}</ref> ''God Dies by the Nile'',<ref>{{cite book |title=God dies by the Nile |oclc=12583064 }}</ref> ''The Circling Song'',<ref>{{cite book |title=The circling song |oclc=18587928 }}</ref> ''Searching'',<ref>{{cite book |title=Searching |oclc=24707056 }}</ref> ''The Fall of the Imam'' (a kọwara ya dị ka "mkpughe dị ike ma na-akpali akpali nke ihe egwu ndị ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụaka nwere ike ikpughe site na nkwenkwe okpukpe"),<ref>{{cite journal |first=Philip |last=Womack |author-link=Philip Womack |url=http://newhumanist.org.uk/2119/the-fall-of-the-imam-by-nawal-el-saadawi |title=The Fall of the Imam by Nawal El Saadawi (review) |journal=[[New Humanist]] |date=20 August 2009}}</ref> and ''Woman at Point Zero''.<!--{{Citation needed|date=March 2021}}--><ref>{{cite book|title=Woman at point zero |oclc=10887569 }}</ref> Ọtụtụ mmadụ akatọọla ọrụ ya bụ 'The Hidden Face of Eve' maka nkwupụta na ọ na-ede maka "onye mba ọzọ na-akatọ onye mba ọzọ".<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=Amireh |first=Amal |date=2000 |title=Framing Nawal El Saadawi: Arab Feminism in a Transnational World |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/495572 |journal=Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=215–249 |doi=10.1086/495572 |s2cid=143010343 |issn=0097-9740|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Aha mbụ nke akwụkwọ ahụ, nke a sụgharịrị ozugbo na Bekee bụ "Ihu Gbara Ọtọ nke Nwanyị Arab" ewepụrụkwa ọtụtụ isiakwụkwọ na mbipụta Bekee nke akwụkwọ ahụ, ma e jiri ya tụnyere nke mbụ nke Arabic ahụ.<ref name=":3" /> O tinyere aka na ihe nkiri "Mgbe nwanyị nupụrụ isi" na akwụkwọ akụkọ nke afọ 1984 ''Sisterhood Is Global'', nke edeziri site na onye deziri ya Robin Morgan,<ref name="global">{{cite web |url=https://catalog.vsc.edu/lscfind/Record/154795/TOC#tabnav |title=Sisterhood Is Global: Table of Contents |publisher=Catalog.vsc.edu |access-date=15 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208065459/https://catalog.vsc.edu/lscfind/Record/154795/TOC#tabnav |archive-date=8 December 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ma bụrụ onye tinyere aka na nchịkọta akụkọ nke afọ 2019 ''New Daughters of Africa'', edited by [[Margaret Busby]], nke gụnyere edemede ya "Banyere M n'Africa—Ndọrọ Ndọrọ Ọchịchị na Okpope n'oge Nwatakịrị M".<ref>[[Imani Perry|Perry, Imani]] (29 March 2019), [https://www.ft.com/content/2a4e64a8-508a-11e9-8f44-fe4a86c48b33 "New Daughters of Africa — a new anthology of a groundbreaking book"], ''[[Financial Times]]''.</ref><ref>Rocker-Clinton, Johnna (August 2019), [https://sanfranciscobookreview.com/product/new-daughters-of-africa-an-international-anthology-of-writing-by-women-of-african-descent/ "Margaret Busby does it again!"] (review of ''New Daughters of Africa: An International Anthology of Writing by Women of African Descent''), ''San Francisco Book Review''.</ref> E bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ Saadawi nke akpọrọ 'Zeina' na Lebanọn n'afọ 2009. E bipụtara nsụgharị French ahụ n'okpuru aha njirimara Nawal Zeinab el Sayed, site na iji aha nne ya mbụ.<ref>{{cite news|title=Radical writer back with vengeance|url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/world/africa/radical-writer-back-with-vengeance-1.486421/|work= The National|access-date=17 November 2014|date=7 September 2009}}</ref> Saadawi na-asụ asụsụ [[asụsụ Bekee|Bekee]] nke ọma, tinyere obodo ya.Egyptian Arabic.<ref>{{cite web|first=Hans Ulrich |last=Obrist|url=http://www.e-flux.com/journal/42/60256/in-conversation-with-nawal-el-saadawi/ |title=In Conversation with Nawal El Saadawi|website=e-flux Journal|number=42|date= February 2013}}</ref> Dịka o si dee ya n'asụsụ Arabic, ọ hụrụ ajụjụ nke ịtụgharị asụsụ Bekee ma ọ bụ French dị ka "nnukwu nsogbu" nke jikọtara ya na eziokwu ahụ bụ na <blockquote>"ike ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya bụ nke Bekee ma ọ bụ French na-asụkarị.... Ndị nwere nnukwu akwụkwọ n'ụwa ka na-eleghara m anya, n'ihi na m na-ede ihe n'asụsụ Arabic, nakwa n'ihi na m na-akatọ echiche ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya, nke onye na-achị obodo, nke onye na-akpa ókè agbụrụ, na nke ndị nna ochie nke ndị ọchịchị ukwu."<ref>{{cite web|first=Dele Meiji|last=Fatunla|url=http://newafricanmagazine.com/nawal-el-saadawi-identity-not-fixed/|title=Nawal El Saadawi: 'My identity is not fixed'|magazine=[[New African]]|date=30 June 2016|access-date=8 October 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170706045108/http://newafricanmagazine.com/nawal-el-saadawi-identity-not-fixed/|archive-date=6 July 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref></blockquote> Akwụkwọ ya ''Mufakirat Tifla fi Al-Khamisa wa Al-Thamaneen''(Akwụkwọ Ndetu nke Nwa agbọghọ dị afọ 85), nke dabere na ihe e dere n'akwụkwọ akụkọ ya, ka e bipụtara n'afọ 2017.<ref>{{cite web|first=Mahmoud |last=El-Wardani|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/18/62/273741/Books/Review/At-,-Nawal-ElSaadawi-writes-about-Nawal-ElSaadawi.aspx |title=At 85, Nawal El-Saadawi writes about Nawal El-Saadawi|website=Ahram Online|date= 5 August 2017}}</ref> == Echiche == ===Mmegide megide mmebi akụkụ ahụ nwoke na nwanyị=== Mgbe ọ dị obere, Saadawi mere usoro nke ebe ụmụ nwanyị na-ebipụ akụkụ ahụ ha.<ref>el-Saadawi, Nawal, ''The Hidden Face of Eve'', Part 1: The Mutilated Half.</ref> Mgbe ọ bụ okenye, o dere gbasara omume a ma katọọ ya. O zara ọnwụ nke otu nwa agbọghọ dị afọ iri na abụọ, Bedour Shaker, n'oge a na-eme ịwa ahụ maka ibi úgwù n'ime akụkụ ahụ mmadụ na 2007 site n'ide ihe: "Bedour, ị̀ nwụrụ anwụ ka ìhè wee nwuo n'uche ndị gbara ọchịchịrị? Ị ga-eji ndụ gị dị oké ọnụ ahịa kwụọ ụgwọ ... ka ndị dọkịta na ndị ụkọchukwu mụta na okpukpe ziri ezi anaghị ebipụ akụkụ ahụ ụmụaka?"<ref>Michael, Maggie, [https://web.archive.org/web/20070702171148/http://www.physorg.com/news102393179.html "Egypt Officials Ban Female Circumcision"<!-- Bot generated title -->], Phys.org, 30 June 2007. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070702171148/http://www.physorg.com/news102393179.html |date=2 July 2007 }}.</ref> Dịka dọkịta na onye na-akwado ikike mmadụ, Saadawi megidere ibi ụmụ nwoke úgwù. O kwenyere na ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị kwesịrị ka e chebe ha pụọ ​​na mmebi akụkụ ahụ ha.<ref name="theglobaldispatches">{{cite web|url=http://www.theglobaldispatches.com/articles/nawal-al-saadawi|first=Allston|last=Mitchell|title=Nawal al Saadawi|work=The Global Dispatches|date=16 May 2010|access-date=12 February 2014|archive-date=7 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170707223358/http://www.theglobaldispatches.com/articles/nawal-al-saadawi|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Ọchịchị mmadụ na Feminism === Saadawi kọwara onwe ya dị ka "onye na-akwado ụmụnwaanyị na soshal midia", na-ekwere na a pụghị imeri ọgụ ụmụnwaanyị n'okpuru ọchịchị kapitalizim.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Fawzy |first=Mary |date=7 May 2021 |title=The socialist feminism of Nawal El Saadawi |url=https://www.newframe.com/the-socialist-feminism-of-nawal-el-saadawi/ |access-date=22 December 2022 |website=New Frame}}</ref> Nkwenye a nke ndị otu ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya apụtala site n'ikpe na-ezighị ezi ọ hụrụ ná ndụ ya.<ref name=":4" /> N'akwụkwọ ya bụ 'The Zoro Ezo nke Eve', o dere gbasara otu a na-agaghị esi kewapụ ndụ mmekọahụ na nke mmetụta uche nke ndị mmadụ na ndụ akụnụba ha na mmepụta ha, ya mere iwu ọnọdụ onwe onye na mba Arab ga-abụrịrị ihe kacha mkpa nye ndị socialist.<ref>{{Citation |chapter=Introduction |date=2015 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350251076.0006 |title=The Hidden Face of Eve |publisher=Zed Books |doi=10.5040/9781350251076.0006 |isbn=978-0-90576-251-7 |access-date=22 December 2022|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name=":4" /> N'ajụjụ ọnụ a gbara ya na 2018, o kwuru na ya abụghị onye Marxist, ebe ọ gụchara akwụkwọ ya nke ọ chọpụtara na ọ na-enwe nsogbu na ya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nawal El Saadawi on feminism, fiction and the illusion of democracy |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=djMfFU7DIB8 |language=en |publisher=[[Channel 4 News]]|via=YouTube|date=13 June 2018|access-date=22 December 2022}}</ref> ===Okpukperechi=== N'ajụjụ ọnụ ya nke afọ 2014, Saadawi kwuru na "isi ihe kpatara mmegbu ụmụ nwanyị dị n'usoro ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya zuru ụwa ọnụ, nke okpukperechi kwadoro".<ref>{{Cite web|title = They don't want any really courageous people!|url = http://en.qantara.de/content/interview-with-nawal-el-saadawi-they-dont-want-any-really-courageous-people|website = Qantara.de - Dialogue with the Islamic World|access-date =5 November 2015|last = Fariborz|first = Arian|date =5 July 2014}}</ref> Mgbe ọtụtụ narị mmadụ nwụrụ n'ihe a kpọr "stampede" n'oge njem njem 2015 (Hajj) nke ndị Alakụba gaa Mecca, Saudi Arabia, o kwuru, sị: <blockquote>"Ha na-ekwu maka ịgbanwe ụzọ e si achịkwa Hajj, gbasara ime ka ndị mmadụ na-eme njem n'obere ìgwè. Ihe ha na-ekwughị bụ na ihe a mere n'ihi na ndị a na-alụ ọgụ ịtụ ekwensu nkume. Gịnị mere ha ji kwesị ịtụ ekwensu nkume? Gịnị mere ha ji kwesị isusu nkume ojii ahụ ọnụ? Mana ọ dịghị onye ga-ekwu nke a. Ndị mgbasa ozi agaghị ebipụta ya. Gịnị ka ọ bụ, enweghị mmasị ịkatọ okpukpe? ... Ọjụjụ a ịkatọ okpukpe ... abụghị liberalism. Nke a bụ mmachibido iwu."<ref name=Cooke /></blockquote> O kwuru na ihe ndị dị na Hajj, dịka isusu Okute Ojii ọnụ, nwere mgbọrọgwụ ndị ọgọ mmụọ tupu okpukpe Islam.<ref>Fiona Lloyd-Davies, [https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/correspondent/1619902.stm "No compromise"], ''Correspondent'', BBC News, 26 October 2001.</ref> Saadawi was involved in the academic exploration of Arab identity throughout her writing career.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Hanadi|first1=Al-Samman|title=Diasporic Na(rra)tions: Arab Women Rewriting Exile|date=2000|publisher=[[Indiana University]]|page=25}}</ref> Saadawi kọwara mkpuchi ihu nke ndị Alakụba dị ka "ngwaọrụ mmegbu ụmụ nwanyị".<ref name="theglobaldispatches" /> ===Ebumnuche nke ụmụ nwanyị=== Ọ katọrọkwa ihe megidere ihe ndị e ji mara ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ nwanyị n'usoro mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya nke a na-ahụkarị na Yuropu na US,<ref>{{cite book|last1=El Saadawi|first1=Nawal|title=The Nawal El Saadawi Reader|publisher=Zed Books|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r9SPVEG3cv0C|date=1997|isbn=9781856495141|access-date=8 April 2015}}</ref> na-akpasu ndị otu nwanyị ibe ha iwe site n'ikwu okwu megide etemeete na uwe ndị na-ekpughe ihe.<ref name=taylor/> ===United States=== N'okwu nkuzi nke afọ 2002 na Mahadum California na Berkeley's Center for Middle Eastern Studies, Saadawi kọwara agha nke US duziri megide Afghanistan dị ka "agha iji mee ihe n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi na mmanụ dị na mpaghara ahụ", na amụma mba ofesi nke US na nkwado ya nye Israel dị ka "ezigbo iyi ọha egwu.".<ref>{{cite web|last1=Pasquini|first1=Elaine|title=El Saadawi Calls U.S. Foreign Policy 'Real Terrorism'|url=https://www.questia.com/magazine/1P3-110120822/el-saadawi-calls-u-s-foreign-policy-real-terrorism|via=|work=Washington Report on Middle East Affairs|date=March 2002|access-date=|archive-date=9 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160409040731/https://www.questia.com/magazine/1P3-110120822/el-saadawi-calls-u-s-foreign-policy-real-terrorism|url-status=dead}}</ref> Saadawi held the opinion that Egyptians are forced into poverty by US aid.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Nielsen|first1=Nikolaj|title=Nawal El Saadawi: 'I am against stability. We need revolution'|url=http://chronikler.com/middle-east/egypt/nawal-el-saadawi-interview/|access-date=19 November 2014|work=The Chronikler|date=11 July 2013}}</ref> ==Nyoyo== Saadawi bụ isiokwu nke ihe nkiri "She Speaked the Unspeakable", nke Jill Nicholls duziri, nke a na-agbasa na February 2017 na usoro ihe nkiri telivishọn BBC One ''[[w:Imagine (usoro ihe nkiri TV)|Imagine]]''.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b08g7hr8 "She Spoke the Unspeakable"], BBC One, ''Imagine'', Winter 2017. [http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x5cu7f1 Via] Dailymotion.</ref> ==Ọnwụ== Saadawi nwụrụ n'abalị iri abụọ na otu nke ọnwa Maachị afọ 2021, mgbe ọ dị afọ iri asatọ na itoolu, n'ụlọọgwụ dị na Cairo.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://english.ahram.org.eg/News/407474.aspx|title=Renowned Egyptian feminist, author Nawal El-Saadawi dies at the age of 89|website=Ahram Online|first=Mohammed |last=Saad |date=21 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://egyptianstreets.com/2021/03/21/pioneering-egyptian-feminist-nawal-el-saadawi-dies-aged-89/|title=Pioneering Egyptian Feminist Nawal El Saadawi Dies Aged 89|website=Egyptian Streets|date=21 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/1829281/offbeat |title=Arab author, women's rights icon Nawal El-Saadawi dies in Cairo |website=Arab News |date=21 March 2021 }}</ref> Her life was commemorated on BBC Radio 4's obituary programme ''Last Word''.<ref>{{cite episode| title= Nawal El Saadawi (pictured), Brigadier Jack Thomas, President John Magufuli, Ion Mihai Pacepa| series= Last Word| credits= Producer: Neil George; Interviewed guests: [[Mona Eltahawy]], Sally Nabil| station= BBC Radio 4| airdate= 26 March 2021| url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/m000tg67 | access-date= 28 March 2021 }}</ref> ==Ihe nrite na nsọpụrụ ahọpụtara== *2004: North–South Prize site na Council of Europe<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.coe.int/en/web/north-south-centre/previous-laureates-of-the-north-south-prize|title=Previous laureates of the North-South Prize|publisher=Council of Europe|website=coe.int}}</ref> *2005: Inana International Prize, Belgium<ref name="auto1"/> *2007: Honorary Doctorate, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium<ref>{{cite book|chapter-url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-1-137-58730-5_4|publisher=Nawal El Saadawi|doi=10.1007/978-1-137-58730-5_4|title=Diary of a Child Called Souad|year=2016|last1=El Saadawi|first1=Nawal|chapter=Nawal el Saadawi and a History of Oppression: Brief Biographical Facts |pages=153–158|isbn=978-1-137-58936-1}}</ref> *2007: Honorary Doctorate, Université libre de Bruxelles, Belgium<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ulb.be/en/about-ulb/ulbs-honorary-doctorates|title=ULB's honorary doctorates|website=ulb.be|publisher=Université libre de Bruxelles}}</ref> *2010: Honorary Doctorate, National Autonomous University of Mexico]], Mexico<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.barrons.com/news/author-physician-nawal-el-saadawi-egypt-s-critic-of-taboos-01616337305?tesla=y|title=Author, Physician Nawal El-Saadawi, Egypt's Critic Of Taboos|website=barrons.com|first=Farid|last= Farid|publisher=Barron's|date=21 March 2021}}</ref> *2011: Stig Dagerman Prize<ref>{{cite web |url=http://blog.svd.se/kultur/2012/01/09/motvillig-el-saadawi-far-dagermanpriset/ |title=Motvillig El Saadawi får Dagermanpriset |work=[[SvD]] |language=sv |date=9 January 2012 |access-date=27 October 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aftonbladet.se/kultur/article14833794.ab |title=Lydnad är ett dödligt gift |work=Kultur |language=sv |date=15 May 2012 |access-date=27 October 2012}}</ref> *2012: Seán MacBride Peace Prize<ref name="auto2"/> *2015: BBC's 100 Women<ref name="bbc">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-34745739|title=BBC 100 Women 2015: Who is on the list?|date=17 November 2015|work=BBC News|access-date=3 August 2019|language=en-GB}}</ref> *2020: ''[[w:Time (magazine)|Time]]''{{'}}s 100 Women of the Year (1981)<ref> {{cite magazine |url=https://time.com/5793662/nawal-el-saadawi-100-women-of-the-year/ |title=1981: Nawal El Saadawi |magazine=Time |date=5 March 2020 }}</ref> ==Ọrụ ndị ahọpụtara== Saadawi dere ihe nke ọma, wee tinye ụfọdụ n'ime ọrụ ya n'ịntanetị.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Amireh |first=Amal |date=2000 |title=Framing Nawal El Saadawi: Arab Feminism in a Transnational World |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3175385 |journal=Signs |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=215–249 |doi=10.1086/495572 |jstor=3175385 |s2cid=143010343 |issn=0097-9740|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Saiti |first1=Ramzi |last2=Salti |first2=Ramzi M. |date=1994 |title=Paradise, Heaven, and Other Oppressive Spaces: A Critical Examination of the Life and Works of Nawal el-Saadawi |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4183334 |journal=Journal of Arabic Literature |volume=25 |issue=2 |pages=152–174 |doi=10.1163/157006494X00059 |jstor=4183334 |issn=0085-2376|url-access=subscription }}</ref> '''Akwụkwọ akụkọ na akwụkwọ akụkọ''' * ''Mudhakkirat tabiba'' (Cairo, 1958). ''Memoirs of a Woman Doctor'', trans. Catherine Cobham (Saqi Books, 1988) * ''Al ghayib'' (Cairo, 1965). ''Searching'', trans. Shirley Eber (Zed Books, 1991) * ''Imra'tani fi-Imra'a'' (Cairo, 1968). ''Two Women in One'', trans. Osman Nusairi and Jana Gough (Saqi Books, 1985) * ''Maut ar-raǧul al-waḥīd ʿala ‚l-arḍ'' (1974). ''God Dies by the Nile'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Zed Books, 1985) * ''Al-khait wa'ayn al-hayat'' (Cairo, 1976). ''The Well of Life and the Thread: Two Short Novels'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Lime Tree, 1993) * ''Ughniyat al-atfal al da iriyah'' (Beirut: Dar al-Adab, 1977). ''The Circling Song'', trans. Marilyn Booth (Zed Books, 1989) * ''Emra'a enda noktat el sifr'' (Beirut: Dar al-Adab, 1977). ''Woman at Point Zero'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Zed Books, 1983) * ''Mawt Ma'ali al-Wazir Sabiqan'' (1980). ''Death of an Ex-Minister'', trans. Shirley Eber (Methuen, 1987) * ''Suqūṭ al-imām'' (Cairo, 1987). ''The Fall of the Imam'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Methuen, 1988) * ''Jann āt wa-Iblīs'' (Beirut, 1992). ''The Innocence of the Devil'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Methuen, 1994) * ''Ḥubb fī zaman al-naf̣t'' (Cairo, 1993). ''Love in the Kingdom of Oil'', trans. Basil Hatim and Malcolm Williams (Saqi Books, 2001) * ''Al-Riwayah'' (Cairo: Dar El Hilal, 2004). ''The Novel'', trans. Omnia Amin and Rick London (Interlink Books, 2009) * ''Zeina'' (Beirut: Dar Al Saqi, 2009). ''Zeina'', trans. Amira Nowaira (Saqi Books, 2011) '''Nchịkọta akụkọ dị mkpirikpi''' * ''Ta'allamt al-hubb'' (Cairo, 1957). ''I Learned Love'' * ''Lahzat sidq'' (Cairo, 1959). ''Moment of Truth'' * ''Little Tenderness'' (Cairo, 1960) * ''al-Khayt wa-l-jidar'' (1972). ''The Thread and the Wall'' * ''Ain El Hayat'' (Beirut, 1976) * ''Kānat hiya al-aḍʻaf'' ["She Was the Weaker"] (1979). ''She Has No Place in Paradise'', trans. Shirley Eber (Methuen, 1987). Includes three additional stories: "She Has No Place in Paradise", "Two Women Friends", and "'Beautiful'". * ''Adab Am Kellet Abad'' (Cairo, 2000) '''Egwuregwu''' * ''Ithna 'ashar imra'a fi zinzana wahida'' (Cairo, 1984). ''Twelve Women in a Cell'' * ''Isis'' (Cairo, 1985) * ''God Resigns in the Summit Meeting'' (1996), published by Madbouli, and four other plays included in her ''Collected Works'' (45 books in Arabic), Cairo: Madbouli, 2007 * ''Twelve Women in a Cell: Plays by Mediterranean Women'' (Aurora Metro Books, 1994) '''Ihe ncheta''' * ''Mudhakkirat fi Sijn al-Nisa'' (Cairo, 1983). ''Memoirs from the Women's Prison'', trans. Marilyn Booth (The Women's Press, 1986) * ''Rihlati hawla al-'alam'' (Cairo, 1986). ''My Travels Around the World'', trans. Shirley Eber (Methuen, 1991) * ''Memoirs of a Child Called Soad'' (Cairo, 1990) * ''Awraqi hayati'', first volume (Cairo, 1995). ''A Daughter of Isis'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Zed Books, 1999) * ''Awraqi hayati'', second volume (Cairo, 1998). ''Walking Through Fire'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Zed Books, 2002) * ''My Life, Part III'' (Cairo, 2001) '''Akụkọ na-abụghị akụkọ ifo''' * ''Women and Sex'' (Cairo, 1969) * ''Woman Is the Origin'' (Cairo, 1971) * ''Men and Sex'' (Cairo, 1973) * ''The Naked Face of Arab Women'' (Cairo, 1974) * ''Women and Neurosis'' (Cairo, 1975) * ''Al-Wajh al-'ari lil-mar'a al-'arabiyy'' (1977). ''The Hidden Face of Eve: Women in the Arab World'', trans. Sherif Hetata (Zed Press, 1980) * ''On Women'' (Cairo, 1986) * ''A New Battle in Arab Women Liberation'' (Cairo, 1992) * ''Collection of Essays'' (Cairo, 1998) * ''Collection of Essays'' (Cairo, 2001) * ''Breaking Down Barriers'' (Cairo, 2004) '''Compilations in English''' * ''Plays by Mediterranean Women'' (Aurora Metro Books, 1994, {{ISBN|978-0-9515877-3-7}}) * ''North/South: The Nawal El Saadawi Reader'' (Zed Books, 1997) * ''Off Limits: New Writings on Fear and Sin'' (Gingko Library, 2019, {{ISBN|978-88-87847-16-1}}) == Hụkwa ==   *   *   *   * Thesis/dissertation.  <templatestyles src="Module:Side box/styles.css"></templatestyles> * Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Nawal El Saadawi na archive.org * Adele Newson-Horst, "[https://www.worldliteraturetoday.org/blog/literary-tributes/remembering-nawal-el-saadawi-adele-newson-horst "Ịcheta Nawal El Saadawi"]", World Literature Today, 24 March 2021. * [[Ernest Emenyonu]], "NAWAL EL SAADAWI: Ndụ na edemede (Ọktoba 27, 1931 - Machị 21, 2021) ", Boydell na Brewer, 13 Mee 2021. [[Otú:Articles with hCards]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 0rzgk7qaorheuheqcb5vi17k31qtf3h 2 81187 736860 2026-10-08T12:58:54Z Ifenomenal 19837 Jiri 'Afa m bu Ifenomenal. Acho m ide Ife' kere ihü 736860 wikitext text/x-wiki Afa m bu Ifenomenal. Acho m ide Ife o0wi9muvsj05lz7smbztki9eurthroh 3 81188 736878 2026-10-08T18:00:55Z DolphybBot 61063 Nabata onye ohuru na Igbo Wikipedia! (bot) 736878 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Nnọọ|username=Nabin K. Sapkota|bot=[[Ojiarụ:DolphybBot|DolphybBot]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:DolphybBot|ṅkátá]]) 18:00, 8 Ọktoba 2026 (UTC)}} 3lajfoeu8jzxxz7p45avymrqg4n2ghx