Wikipedia ilowiki https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umuna_a_Panid MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.2 first-letter Midia Espesial Tungtungan Agar-aramat Agar-aramat tungtungan Wikipedia Wikipedia tungtungan Papeles Papeles tungtungan MediaWiki MediaWiki tungtungan Plantilia Plantilia tungtungan Tulong Tulong tungtungan Kategoria Kategoria tungtungan TimedText TimedText talk Modulo Modulo tungtungan Event Event talk 0 4966 405757 402573 2026-05-20T09:11:16Z InternetArchiveBot 14943 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 405757 wikitext text/x-wiki {{coord|5|-58.75|type:country_region:GY|format=dms|display=title}} {{Infobox pagilian | conventional_long_name = Ko-operatibo a Republika iti Guyana<ref name="parliament">{{cite web |url=http://www.parliament.gov.gy/ |title=Parlamento iti Ko-operatibo a Republika iti Guyana |publisher=Parliament.gov.gy |date=2012-02-16 |accessdate=2012-03-04 |archive-date=2018-01-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180116011804/http://parliament.gov.gy/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> | common_name = Guyana | image_flag = Flag of Guyana.svg | image_coat = Coat of Arms of Guyana.svg | national_motto = "Maysa a Tattao, Maysa a Pagilian , Maysa a Pagtungpalan" | national_anthem = "[[Napateg a Daga iti Guyana, kadagiti Karayan ken Tanap]]" | image_map = GUY orthographic.svg | capital = [[Georgetown, Guyana|Georgetown]] | largest_city = kapitolio | coordinates = {{Coord|6|46|N|58|10|W|type:city}} | official_languages = [[Pagsasao nga Ingles|Ingles]] | languages_type = Nailian a pagsasao | languages = [[Guyanes a Kreola]] | regional_languages = [[Pagsasao a Portuges|Portuges]], [[Pagsasao nga Espaniol|Espaniol]], [[Pagsasao nga Akawaio|Akawaio]], [[Macushi]], [[Pagsasao a Wai-wai|Wai Wai]], [[Pagsasao nga Arawakan|Arawak]], [[Patamona]], [[Warrau]], [[Pagsasao a Carib|Carib]], [[Wapishiana]], [[Arekuna]] | Dialect = | ethnic_groups = 43.5% [[Indo-Guyanes|Daya nga India]]<br />30.2% [[Apro-Guyanes|Nangisit (Aprikano)]]<br />16.7% [[Mestiso|Naglalakok]]<br />9.1% [[Dagiti patneng a tattao iti Kaamerikaan|Amerindian]]<br />0.5% Dadduma pay<ref name="cia" /><ref name="2002Census" /> |ethnic_groups_year = 2002 | demonym = Guyanes | government_type = [[Unitario nga estado|Unitario]] [[Semi-presidential a sistema|semi-presidential]] a [[republika]] | leader_title1 = [[Presidente iti Guyana|President]] | leader_name1 = [[Irfaan Ali]] | leader_title2 = [[Listaan dagiti Kangrunaan a Ministro iti Guyana|Kangrunaan aMinistro]] | leader_name2 = [[Mark Phillips (Guyana)|Mark Phillips]] | legislature = [[Nailian nga Asemblia iti Guyana|Nailian nga Asemblia]] | area_rank = Maika-84 | area_km2 = 214,970 | area_sq_mi = 83,000 | percent_water = 8.4 | population_estimate = 752,940<ref name="cia" />^a | population_estimate_rank = Maika-161 | population_estimate_year = July 2010 | population_census = 751,223<ref name="2002Census">[http://www.statisticsguyana.gov.gy/census.html#popcenfinal 2002 a Senso Ti Guyana] Opisina dagiti Estadistiko – Guyana. Naala idi 25 Hunio 2009.</ref> | population_census_year = 2002 | population_density_km2 = 3.502 | population_density_sq_mi = 9.071 | population_density_rank = Maika-255 | GDP_PPP = $5.783 billion<ref name="imf2" /> | GDP_PPP_year = 2011 | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $7,465<ref name="imf2" /> | GDP_nominal = $2.480 bilion<ref name="imf2" /> | GDP_nominal_year = 2011 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $3,202<ref name="imf2" /> | currency = [[Doliar ti Guyana]] | currency_code = GYD <!-- | sovereignty_type = Dagiti dati a kolonia | established_event1 = [[Olandes a Guiana]] | established_date1 = 1667–1814 | established_event2 = [[Britaniko a Guiana]] | established_date2 = 1814–1966 --> | sovereignty_type = [[Panagwaywayas]] | established_event1 = manipud iti [[Nagkaykaysa a Pagarian]] | established_date1 = 26 Mayo 1966 | established_event2 = Republika | established_date2 = 23 Pebrero 1970 | Gini_year = | Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini = <!--number only--> | Gini_ref = | Gini_rank = | HDI_year = 2013<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> | HDI_change = steady<!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI = 0.638 <!--number only--> | HDI_ref = <ref name="HDI">{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr14-summary-en.pdf |title=2014 Human Development Report Summary |date=2014 |accessdate=27 Hulio 2014 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme | pages=21–25}}</ref> | HDI_rank = Maika-121 | country_code = | time_zone = GYT (Oras ti Guyana) | utc_offset = -4 | time_zone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | drives_on = kanigid | cctld = [[.gy]] | calling_code = 592 | footnotes = ^a Agarup a maysa a pagkatlo iti populasion(230,000) ket agnaed iti kapitolio, ti Georgetown. }} Ti '''Guyana''' ket opisial a ti '''Ko-operatibo a Republika iti Guyana'''<ref name="parliament" /> ken dati a kolonia iti [[Britaniko a Guiana]], ket maysa a naturay nga estado idiay akin-amianan nga aplaya iti [[Abagatan nga Amerika]] a maipapan ti kultura a paset iti [[Anglopona a Karibe]]. Ti Guyana ket dati idi a kolonia dagiti Olandes ken, kadagiti sumakbay a 200 tawtawen, ti Britaniko. Is-isu laeng ti estado iti [[Mankomunidad dagiti Pagilian]] nga adda iti kangrunaan a daga ti Abagatan nga Amerika, ken is-isu pay ti adda iti subkontinente a ti [[Pagsasao nga Ingles|Ingles]] ket isu ti opisial a pagsasao. Maysa daytoy kadagiti pagilian ti Karibe a saan nga isla. Daytoy ket kameng pay ti [[Karibe a Komunidad]] (CARICOM), a naikuartel ti sekretariona idiay kapitolio ti Guyana, ti [[Georgetown, Guyana|Georgetown]]. Ti Guyana ket nakagun-od ti panagwaywayas manipud iti [[Nagkaykaysa a Pagarian]] idi 26 Mayo 1966, ken nagbalin a [[republika]] idi 23 Pebrero 1970. Idi 2008, ti pagilian ket timmipon iti [[Kappon dagiti Pagilian ti Abagatan nga Amerika]] a kas maysa a kameng a nangibangon. Iti naipakasaritaan, ti rehion a naamammoan a kas ti "Guiana" wenno "Guyana" ket buklen ti [[Guiana a Klasag|dakkel a kalasag a masa ti daga]] idiay amianan iti [[Karayan Amasonan]] ken daya iti [[Karayan Orinoco]] nga ammo a kas ti "Daga iti adu a Dandanum". Iti naipakasaritaan ti Guyana ket buklen dagiti tallo nga Olandes a kolonia: ti [[Essequibo (kolonia)|Essequibo]], [[Demerara]], ken [[Berbice]]. Ti moderno a Guyana ket nabeddengan iti daya babaen ti [[Surinam]], iti abagatan ken abagatan a laud babaen ti [[Brasil]], iti laud babaen ti [[Venezuela]], ken iti amianan babaen ti [[Taaw Atlantiko]]. Iti 215,000&nbsp;km², ti Guyana ket isu ti maikatlo a kabassitan a nawaya nga estado iti kangrunaaan a daga ti Abagatan nga Amerika (kalpasan ti [[Uruguay]] ken [[Surinam]]). Ti populasionna ket agarup a 770,000. == Etimolohia == Ti nagan a "Guyana" ket naala manipud iti ''Guiana'', ti kasisigud a nagan para iti rehion a tattan ket mangiraman ti Guyana, Surinam, Pranses a Guiana, ken dagiti paset ti Venezuela ken Brasil. Segun ti Ingles a Diksionario ti Oxford, ti nagan ket nagtaud manipud iti Ameriko Indiano a balikas a kayatna sawen ket "daga iti adu a dandanum". == Dagiti nagibasaran == {{Reflist| refs = <ref name="cia">{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/gy.html|title=The World Factbook: Guyana|publisher=CIA|accessdate=2009-10-18|archive-date=2018-12-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181223020542/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/gy.html|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181223020542/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/gy.html |date=2018-12-23 }}</ref> <ref name="imf2">{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2012/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2009&ey=2012&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=336&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&grp=0&a=&pr.x=25&pr.y=14 |title=Guyana|publisher=Internasional a Pundo ti Panguartaan|accessdate=2012-04-18}}</ref> }} {{Pagpagilian ti Abagatan nga Amerika}} {{Kontrol ti autoridad}} [[Kategoria:Guyana| ]] [[Kategoria:Dagiti pagilian ti Abagatan nga Amerika]] [[Kategoria:Dagiti pagilian ti Karibe]] [[Kategoria:Dagiti pagilian a nagbeddengan ti Taaw Atlantiko]] [[Kategoria:Dagiti estado a kameng ti Komunidad ti Karibe]] [[Kategoria:Dagiti republika]] [[Kategoria:Dagiti dati a kolonia ti Ingles]] [[Kategoria:Dagiti pagilian ken teritorio nga agsasao ti Ingles]] [[Kategoria:Dagiti estado ken teritorio a nabangon idi 1966]] [[Kategoria:Dagiti estado a kameng ti Mankomunidad ti Pagpagilian]] [[Kategoria:Dagiti estado a kameng ti Organisasion ti Islamiko a Pagtitinnulongan]] [[Kategoria:Dagiti estado a kameng ti Kappon ti Pagpagilian ti Abagatan nga Amerika]] [[Kategoria:Dagiti estado a kameng ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian]] [[Kategoria:Dagiti mankomunidad a republika]] aotwvkjhk20huiov5zucry5sgm3jkra 0 45582 405752 404804 2026-05-19T21:07:26Z InternetArchiveBot 14943 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 405752 wikitext text/x-wiki Kadagiti [[Dagiti relasion ti sangalubongan|relasion ti sangalubongan]], ti '''agpakatengnga a bileg''' ket ti [[naturay nga estado]] a saan a [[superpower|kabilegan]] wenno [[nalatak a bileg]], ngem adda pay met ti dakkel wenno kalalainganna nga impluensia ken sangalubongan a pannakabigbig. Ti konsepto ti "agpakatengnga a bileg" ket manipuden kadagiti taudan ti Europeano a sistema ti estado. Idi naladaw a maika-16 a siglo, ti managpanpanubot iti politika nga Italiano a ni [[Giovanni Botero]] ket biningbingayna ti lubong kadagiti tallo a kita ti estado&nbsp;– grandissime (dagiti imperio), mezano (dagiti agpakatengnga a bileg) ken piccoli (dagiti [[bassit a bileg]]). Segun kenni Botero,ti mezano wenno agpakatengnga a bileg "...ket addaan iti makaanay a kapigsa ken turay a bukod a makatakder nga awan ti pannakasapul iti tulong manipud kadagiti dadduma."<ref name="Rudd">Rudd K (2006) [http://eherald.alp.org.au/articles/0906/natp28-01.php Making Australia a force for good], ''Labor eHerald'' {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070627041402/http://eherald.alp.org.au/articles/0906/natp28-01.php}}</ref> == Pannangipalawag == Awan ti pakaitunosan nga alagaden a pamay-an no ania dagiti estado ti agpakatengnga a bileg. Adda met dagiti agsuksukisok nga agus-usar iti estadistika ti [[Dagup ti nailian a produkto|Dagup ti Nailian a Produkto]] (Gross National Product wenno GNP) tapno makaala kadagiti listaan dagiti agpakatengnga a bileg iti amin a paset iti lubong. Iti ekonomia, dagiti agpakatengnga a bileg ket kadawyan a dagiti saan a naikeddeng a "dakkel"unay wenno "bassit" unay, uray ania ti pannakaipalawagna. Nupay kasta, ti ekonomia ket saan a kankanayon a banag a panangipalawag. Babaen iti kasisigud a kapanunotan iti termino, ti agpakatengnga a bileg ket ti maysa idi nga addaan iti bassit a grado ti impluensia iti sangalubongan, ngem saan a mangituray iti ania man a maysa a lugar. Nupay kasta, daytoy a panagusar ket saan nga unibersal, ken adda met dagiti dadduma a mangipalawag ti agpakatengnga a bileg a manginayon kadagiti pagilian a maikeddeng a kas dagiti [[rehional a bileg]]. Segun kadagiti kademia iti [[Unibersidad ti Leicester]] ken [[Unibersidad ti Nottingham]]; <blockquote>Ti kasasaad ti agpakatengnga a bileg ket kadawyan a nailasin iti maysa wenno kadagiti dua a waya. Ti tradisional ken kaaduan a waya ket ti panangitipon ti kriteria ti kritikal a pannakabagi ken material tapno mairanggo dagiti estado segun kadagiti relatibo a kapabilidadda. Gapu ta agdumaduma dagitikapabilidad dagiti pagilian, maikategoriada a kas dagiti kabilegan (wenno dagitinalatak a bileg), dagiti agpakatengnga a bileg wenno dagiti [[bassit a bileg]]. Iti kaudian, daytoy ket mabalin a maisalumina ti maikadua a pamay-an para iti pannagilasin ti kasasaad ti agpakatengnga a bileg babaen ti panangipatengnga ti isip kadagiti gupit ti panagkukua. Daytoy ket mangipuesto a dagiti agpakatengnga a bileg ket mabalinda a maisalunima kadagiti nalatak a bileg ken dagiti bassit a bileg gapu iti panagkukuada iti [[gangganaet nga anuroten]]&nbsp;– dagiti agpakatengnga a bileg ket makalada iti bukodda a lugar para iti kabukbukodanda babaen ti panagsurot iti akikid a sakup ken kadagiti naisangayan a kita ti panagkayat ti gangganaet nga annuroten. Iti daytoy a waya, dagiti agpakatengnga a bileg ket dagiti pagilian a ti relatibo a kalaingda iti [[diplomasia]] iti serbisio ti sangalubongan a kappia ken talinaay. Isuda a dua a pangrukod ket maisuppiatan ekn kontrobersia, ngem ti tradisional a pmay-an ti kaadu ket naipakitan a problematiko ngem ti pamay-an ti panagkukua.</blockquote> Segun kenni Eduard Jordaan ti [[Singapore Management University]]; <blockquote>Amin dagiti agpakatengnga a bileg ket mangipakita panagkukua iti gangganaet nga annuroten a mangtalinaay ken mangilihetimado ti uglobal nga urnos, kadawyan babaen ti [[multilateralismo|multilateral]] ken dagiti inisiatibo ti panagtitinnulong. Nupay kasta, dagiti rumrummuar ken dagiti tradisional nga agpakatengnga a bileg ket mabalinda a maisalunima kadagiti termino iti bukodda a panangimpluensia iti tunggal maysa ken dagiti panaggigiddiatda iti panagkukua. Iti panangaramid dayta, dagiti tradisional nga agpakatengnga a bileg ken nabaknangda, natalinaay, [[Egalitarianismo|egalitariano]], [[Sosial a demokrasia|sosial a demokratiko]] ken saan a rehional nga impluensial. Iti panagkukua,mangipakitada ti nakapsot ken agdumaduma a rikna iti rehional nga orientasion, agar-aramid kadagiti identidad a naisangayan manipud kadagiti nabileg nga estado kadagiti bukodda a rehion ken mangidaton kadagiti magustuan a konsesion kadagiti presion para iti reporma ti sangalubongan. No maigiddiat dagiti rumrummuar nga agpakatengnga a bileg, isuda ket semi-periperal, di-egalitariano iti material ken dagiti kaudian a demokratisado nga estado a mangipakita ti adu a rehional nga impluensia ken bukod a pannakigimong. Iti panagkukua, kaykayatda iti repormista ken saan a radikal a panagbaliw iti lubong, mangipakita ti napigsa a rehional nga orientasion ken agkaykayat iti rehional nga integrasion ngem agbirbiruk pay nga agramid kadagiti naisangayan nga identidad manipud kadagiti nakapsot nga estado iti bukodda a rehion.<ref name="Jordaan">Jordaan E (2003) [http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~content=a714856417?words=eduard|jordaan&hash=2263085018 The concept of a middle power in international relations], ''informaworld''</ref></blockquote> == Listaan dagiti agpakatengnga a bileg == Kas met dagiti nalatak a bileg, awan dagiti agkaykaysa a pakaitunosan kadagiti turay no ania dagiti pagilian a maikeddenga a kas dagiti agpakatengnga a bileg. Dagiti listaan ket masansan a suheto ti adu a debato ken matarawidwidan a mangiyasping kadagiti dakkel a pagilian (kas ti [[Brasil]]) kadagiti relatibo a bassit a pagilian (kas ti [[Norwega]]).<ref name="Solomon" /> Nalawag met a saan amin dagiti agpakatengnga a bileg ket agpapadada iti kasasaad; adda met dagiti maikeddeng a [[rehional a bileg]] ken dagiti miembro ti [[Dagiti nangruna nga ekonomia ti G-20|G20]] (ka ti [[Australia]]), bayat a dagiti dadduma ket nalakda amaikeddeng a kas dagiti [[bassit a bileg]] (kas ti [[Republika a Tseka]]). Adda met dagiti dakdakkel nga agpakatengnga a bileg ket agpaelda pay kadagiti importante a papel iti [[Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian]] ken dagiti dadduma pay a sangalubongan a gunglo a kas ti [[Gunglo ti Komersio ti Lubong|WTO]]. Ti sumaganad a listaan dagiti pagilian, no man iti napalabas wenno iti agdamaw, ket naikeddengda a dagiti agpakatengnga a bileg babaen dagiti akademia wenno dagiti sabali nga eksperto: {{Div col|colwidth=30em}} * {{WP|Algeria|size=23px}}<ref name="Wurst">Wurst J (2006) [http://www.gsinstitute.org/docs/ClingendaelBrief_Final.pdf Middle Powers Initiative Briefing Paper], ''GSI'' {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614193536/http://www.gsinstitute.org/docs/ClingendaelBrief_Final.pdf }}</ref><ref name="Cooper">Cooper AF (1997) [http://www.palgrave.com/products/title.aspx?is=033368186X Niche Diplomacy – Middle Powers after the Cold War] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120306033144/http://www.palgrave.com/products/title.aspx?is=033368186X |date=2012-03-06 }}, ''palgrave''</ref><ref name="Wood">Bernard Wood, 'Towards North-South Middle Power Coalitions', in ''Middle Power Internationalism: The North-South Dimension'', edited by Cranford Pratt (Montreal, McGill-Queen's University Press, 1990).</ref> *{{WP|Argentina|size=23px}}<ref name="Wurst" /><ref name="Cooper"/><ref name="Wood">Bernard Wood, 'Towards North-South Middle Power Coalitions', in ''Middle Power Internationalism: The North-South Dimension'', edited by Cranford Pratt (Montreal, McGill-Queen's University Press, 1990).</ref> * {{WP|Australia|size=23px}}<ref name="Jordaan" /><ref name="Harris">Tobias Harris, 'Japan Accepts its "Middle-Power" Fate'. ''Far Eastern Economic Review'' Vol. 171, No. 6 (2008), p. 45: 'Japan is settling into a position as a middle power in Asia, sitting uneasily between the U.S., its security ally, and China, its most important economic partner. In this it finds itself in a situation similar to Australia, India, South Korea and the members of Asean.'</ref><ref name="Adriansyah">Yasmi Adriansyah, 'Questioning Indonesia's place in the world', ''Asia Times'' (20 Septiembre 2011): 'Countries often categorized as middle power (MP) include Australia, Canada and Japan. The reasons for this categorization are the nations' advanced political-economic stature as well as their significant contribution to international cooperation and development. India and Brazil have recently become considered middle powers because of their rise in the global arena—particularly with the emerging notion of BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India and China).'</ref><ref name="The United States and the Great Powers">{{Cite book| last =Buzan | first =Barry | title=The United States and the Great Powers | publisher=Polity Press | year=2004 | location=Cambridge, United Kingdom | page =71 | isbn =0-7456-3375-7 | url=}}</ref><ref name="Hazleton">Hazleton WA (2005) [http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p_mla_apa_research_citation/0/7/1/2/0/p71207_index.html Middle Power Bandwagoning? Australia's Security Relationship with the United States] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200610112407/http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p_mla_apa_research_citation/0/7/1/2/0/p71207_index.html |date=2020-06-10 }}, ''allacademic''</ref> * {{WP|Austria|size=23px}}<ref name="Solomon" /> * {{WP|Bangladesh|size=23px}}<ref name="EUROPA">demosEUROPA – Centre for European Strategy [http://www.demosservices.home.pl/www/files/AB_Policy_paper_Golden_age_of_Middle_Powers.pdf Golden Age of Middle Powers?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304044203/http://www.demosservices.home.pl/www/files/AB_Policy_paper_Golden_age_of_Middle_Powers.pdf |date=2016-03-04 }}, Adam Balcer, Enero 2012</ref> * {{WP|Belgium|size=23px}}<ref name="Solomon" /><ref name="Inoguchi">Inoguchi K (2002) [http://www.disarm.emb-japan.go.jp/statements/Statement/kyoto020807.htm The UN Disarmament Conference in Kyote] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929122633/http://www.disarm.emb-japan.go.jp/statements/Statement/kyoto020807.htm }}</ref><ref name="Caplan">Caplan G (2006) [http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article13601 From Rwanda to Darfur: Lessons learned?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200713135429/http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article13601 |date=2020-07-13 }}, ''SudanTribune''</ref> * {{WP|Brazil|size=23px}}<ref name="Wood" /><ref name="Heine">Heine J (2006) [http://se1.isn.ch/serviceengine/FileContent?serviceID=PublishingHouse&fileid=EBFD6763-36B0-7571-5B36-97F6502F60DC&lng=en On the Manner of Practising the New Diplomacy], ''ISN''</ref><ref name=Lechini>Gladys Lechini, ''Middle Powers: IBSA and the New South-South Cooperation. NACLA Report on the Americas'', Vol. 40, No. 5 (2007): 28-33: 'Today, a new, more selective South-South cooperation has appeared, bringing some hope to the people of our regions. The trilateral alliance known as the India, Brazil, and South Africa Dialogue Forum, or IBSA, exemplifies the trend … The three member countries face the same problems and have similar interests. All three consider themselves "middle powers" and leaders of their respective regions, yet they have also been subject to pressures from the North.'</ref><ref>Daniel Flemes, ''Emerging Middle Powers' Soft Balancing Strategy: State and Perspective of the IBSA Dialogue Forum.'' Hamburg: GIGA, 2007.</ref> *{{WP|Canada|size=23px}}<ref name="Adriansyah" /><ref name="Behringer">Behringer RM (2005) [http://cac.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/40/3/305 Middle Power Leadership on the Human Security Agenda] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071114151026/http://cac.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/40/3/305 |date=2007-11-14 }}, ''SAGE''</ref><ref name="Crosby">Crosby AD (1997) [http://www.jstor.org/pss/424829 A Middle-Power Military in Alliance: Canada and NORAD], ''JSTOR''</ref><ref name="Petersen">Petersen K (2003) [http://www.dissidentvoice.org/Articles4/Petersen_Canada-Iraq.htm Quest to Reify Canada as a Middle Power] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200713135442/http://www.dissidentvoice.org/Articles4/Petersen_Canada-Iraq.htm |date=2020-07-13 }}, ''Dissident Voice''</ref> * {{WP|Chile|size=23px}}<ref name="Inoguchi" /><ref name="Heine" /> * {{WP|Colombia|size=23px}}<ref name="EUROPA" /><ref name="KYOTO1">{{cite web |url=http://www.disarm.emb-japan.go.jp/statements/Statement/kyoto020807.htm |title=THE UN DISARMAMENT CONFERENCE IN KYOTO |publisher=disarm.emb-japan.go.jp |accessdate=13 Nobiembre 2015 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116212429/http://www.disarm.emb-japan.go.jp/statements/Statement/kyoto020807.htm |archivedate=2013-01-16 }}</ref> * {{WP|Czech Republic|size=23px}}<ref name="Solomon" /> * {{WP|Denmark|size=23px}}<ref name="Solomon" /><ref name="Behringer" /><ref name="Pratt">Pratt C (1990) [http://mqup.mcgill.ca/book.php?bookid=930 Middle Power Internationalism] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120722024950/http://mqup.mcgill.ca/book.php?bookid=930 |date=2012-07-22 }}, ''MQUP''</ref> * {{WP|Egypt|size=23px}}<ref name="Wurst" /><ref name="Cooper et al" /><ref name="Ploughshares">Ploughshares Monitor (1997) [http://www.ploughshares.ca/libraries/monitor/mons97a.html Scrapping the Bomb: The role of middle power countries] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927011548/http://www.ploughshares.ca/libraries/monitor/mons97a.html |date=2007-09-27 }}</ref><ref name="Gilley">{{cite news | url=http://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/11/opinion/the-rise-of-the-middle-powers.html?_r=0&module=ArrowsNav&contentCollection=Opinion&action=keypress&region=FixedLeft&pgtype=article | title=The Rise of the Middle Powers | publisher=The New York Times Company | date=Septiembre 10, 2012 | accessdate=14 Marso 2015 | author=GILLEY, BRUCE | page=1}}</ref> * {{WP|Finland|size=23px}}<ref name="Solomon" /> * {{WP|Greece|size=23px}}<ref name="Thanos-Veremēs">Thanos Veremēs (1997)[https://books.google.com/books/about/The_military_in_Greek_politics.html?id=sn-yAAAAIAAJ&redir_esc=y The Military in greek Politics] "Black Rose Books"</ref> * {{WP|Hungary|size=23px}}<ref name="Solomon" /><ref name="Higott-Cooper">Higgott RA, Cooper AF (1990) [http://www.jstor.org/pss/2706854 Middle Power Leadership and Coalition Building]</ref> * {{WP|Indonesia|size=23px}}<ref name="Solomon">Solomon S (1997) [http://www.issafrica.org/Pubs/Monographs/No13/Solomon.html South African Foreign Policy and Middle Power Leadership] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150426220103/http://www.issafrica.org/Pubs/Monographs/No13/Solomon.html |date=2015-04-26 }}, ''ISS''</ref><ref name="Ping">Jonathan H. Ping, ''Middle Power Statecraft: Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Asia Pacific'' (Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing, 2005).</ref> * {{WP|Iran|size=23px}}<ref name="Ehteshami">Anoushiravan Ehteshami and Raymond Hinnesbusch, ''Syria and Iran: Middle Power in a Penetrated Regional System'' (London: Routledge, 1997).</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Samhat | first1 = Nayef H. | year = 2000 | title = Middle Powers and American Foreign Policy: Lessons for Irano-U.S. Relations | url = | journal = Policy Studies Journal | volume = 28 | issue = 1| pages = 11–26 }}</ref><ref name="Ahouie">Ahouie M (2004) [http://web.mit.edu/ISG/iaqfall04ahouie.htm Iran Analysis Quarterly] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200517104622/http://web.mit.edu/ISG/iaqfall04ahouie.htm |date=2020-05-17 }}, ''MIT''</ref><ref name="Foreign Affairs">Foreign Affairs Committee (2006) [http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200607/cmselect/cmfaff/363/36310.htm Iran]</ref> * {{WP|Israel|size=23px}}<ref name="The United States and the Great Powers" /><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.lrb.co.uk/v28/n06/mear01_.html |title=www.lrb.co.uk |access-date=2016-08-04 |archive-date=2009-08-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090815015205/http://www.lrb.co.uk/v28/n06/mear01_.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.acronym.org.uk/dd/dd76/76actg.htm |title=www.acronym.org.uk |access-date=2016-08-04 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304025443/http://www.acronym.org.uk/dd/dd76/76actg.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> * {{WP|Kuwait|size=23px}}<ref>LSE: Middle East Centre [http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/61772/1/The%20new%20politics%20of%20intervention%20of%20Gulf%20Arab%20states.pdf The New Politics of Intervention of Gulf Arab States], April 2015</ref> * {{WP|Malaysia|size=23px}}<ref name="Ploughshares" /><ref name="Ping" /><ref name="Mace-Belanger">Mace G, Belanger L (1999) [https://books.google.com/books?id=kZlDRD2vL6IC The Americas in Transition: The Contours of Regionalism] (p 153)</ref><ref>Kim R. Nossal and Richard Stubbs, 'Mahathir's Malaysia: An Emerging Middle Power?' in ''Niche Diplomacy: Middle Powers After the Cold War'', edited by Andrew F. Cooper (London: Macmillan, 1997).</ref> * {{WP|Mexico|size=23px}}<ref name="Wood" /><ref name="Cooper et al" /><ref name="Belanger">Louis Belanger and Gordon Mace, 'Middle Powers and Regionalism in the Americas: The Cases of Argentina and Mexico', in ''Niche Diplomacy: Middle Powers After the Cold War'', edited by Andrew F. Cooper (London: Macmillan, 1997).</ref><ref name="Goad">Pierre G. Goad, 'Middle Powers to the Rescue?', ''Far Eastern Economic Review'', Vol. 163, No. 24 (2000), p. 69.</ref><ref name="Pellicer">Pellicer O (2006) [http://www.fes-globalization.org/publications/FES_BP_Mexico_Pellicer_eng.pdf Mexico&nbsp;– a Reluctant Middle Power?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614193536/http://www.fes-globalization.org/publications/FES_BP_Mexico_Pellicer_eng.pdf |date=2007-06-14 }}, ''FES''</ref> * {{WP|Morocco|size=23px}}<ref>[https://books.google.gr/books?id=xLn9SL3dYNoC&source=gbs_navlinks_s&redir_esc=y Politics and Power in the Maghreb], Michael J. Willis (2012)</ref> * {{WP|Netherlands|size=23px}}<ref name="Solomon" /><ref name="Behringer" /><ref name="Pratt" /> * {{WP|New Zealand|size=23px}}<!--<ref name="MPI" />--> * {{WP|Nigeria|size=23px}}<ref name="Solomon" /><ref name="Cooper et al" /><ref name="Mace-Belanger" /> * {{WP|Norway|size=23px}}<ref name="Solomon" /><ref name="Behringer" /><ref name="Pratt" /> * {{WP|Oman|size=23px}}<ref>[https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB2501.html Oman: A Unique Foreign Policy Produces a Key Player in Middle Eastern and Global Diplomacy], Joseph A. Kechichian</ref> * {{WP|Pakistan|size=23px}}<ref name="Solomon" /><ref name="EUROPA" /><ref name="Buzan2004">{{cite book|author=Barry Buzan|title=The United States and the great powers: world politics in the twenty-first century|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XvtS5hKg9jYC&pg=PR8|accessdate=27 Disiembre 2011|year=2004|publisher=Polity|isbn=978-0-7456-3374-9|pages=71, 99}}</ref> * {{WP|Peru|size=23px}}<ref>[https://books.google.gr/books?id=EtCoAgAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Routledge+Handbook+of+Diplomacy+and+Statecraft&hl=el&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjkorbkoZbNAhWMLMAKHRYxDLkQ6AEIHjAA#v=onepage&q=Routledge%20Handbook%20of%20Diplomacy%20and%20Statecraft&f=false Routledge Handbook of Diplomacy and Statecraft], B.J.C. McKercher (2012), Page 189</ref> * {{WP|Philippines|size=23px}}<ref name="EUROPA" /><ref name="Asia-Pacific">Jonathan H. Ping [https://books.google.com/books?id=FGM1zEdCOmAC&pg=PA103&lpg=PA103&dq=middle+power+philippines&source=bl&ots=vrzASjVnf_&sig=YBVVPgRkVxzcg-VOOB5V97EwIYE&hl=en&ei=OBq0SbegJcnWkAW31sC5BA&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=1&ct=result#PPA104,M1 Middle Power Statecraft] (p 104)</ref> * {{WP|Poland|size=23px}}<ref name="Solomon" /><ref name="Goad" /><ref name=spero /><ref name="Kirton">Kirton J (2006) [http://www.g8.utoronto.ca/scholar/kirton2006/kirton-harper-fp.pdf Harper’s Foreign Policy Success?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200713135606/http://www.g8.utoronto.ca/scholar/kirton2006/kirton-harper-fp.pdf |date=2020-07-13 }}</ref> * {{WP|Portugal|size=23px}}<ref name="Lacoste">according to Yves Lacoste, ''Géopolitique'', Larousse, 2009,p. 134, both Spain and Portugal exert a real influence in Africa and in the Americas.</ref> *{{WP|Qatar|size=23px}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://publicdiplomacymagazine.com/middle-powers-squeezed-out-or-adaptive/|title=Middle Powers: Squeezed out or Adaptive?|publisher=Public Diplomacy Magazine|last=Cooper|first=Andrew F.|accessdate=12 Marso 2015|archive-date=2017-06-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629211701/http://www.publicdiplomacymagazine.com/middle-powers-squeezed-out-or-adaptive/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www18.georgetown.edu/data/people/mk556/publication-61175.pdf|title=Mediation and Qatari Foreign Policy|last=Kamrava|first=Mehran|accessdate=12 Marso 2015|archive-date=2013-10-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131007183501/http://www18.georgetown.edu/data/people/mk556/publication-61175.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> *{{WP|Romania|size=23px}}<ref name="Solomon" /> * {{WP|Saudi Arabia|size=23px}}<ref name="The United States and the Great Powers" /> * {{WP|Singapore|size=23px}}<ref name="EUROPA" /><ref name="Asia-Pacific" /> * {{WP|South Africa|size=23px}}<ref name=Lechini /><ref>Peter Vale, 'South Africa: Understanding the Upstairs and the Downstairs', in ''Niche Diplomacy: Middle Powers After the Cold War'', edited by Andrew F. Cooper (London: Macmillan, 1997).</ref><ref>Janis Van Der Westhuizen, 'South Africa's Emergence as a Middle Power', ''Third World Quarterly'', Vol. 19, No. 3 (1998), pp. 435-455.</ref><ref name="Pfister">Pfister R (2006) [http://www.h-net.org/reviews/showpdf.cgi?path=239001176317320 The Apartheid Republuc and African States], ''H-Net''</ref><ref>Eduard Jordaan, 'Barking at the Big Dogs: South Africa's Foreign Policy Towards the Middle East', ''Round Table'', Vol. 97, No. 397 (2008), pp. 547-549.</ref><ref name="GIGA">Flemes, Daniel, Emerging Middle Powers' Soft Balancing Strategy: State and Perspectives of the IBSA Dialogue Forum (August 1, 2007). GIGA Working Paper No. 57. {{DOI|10.2139/ssrn.1007692}}</ref> * {{WP|South Korea|size=23px}}<ref name="Harris" /><ref name="Armstrong">Armstrong DF (1997) [http://sc.lib.muohio.edu/dissertations/AAI9728811/ South Korea's foreign policy in the post-Cold War era: A middle power perspective] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720011332/http://sc.lib.muohio.edu/dissertations/AAI9728811/ |date=2011-07-20 }}</ref><ref>Gilbert Rozman, 'South Korea and Sino-Japanese Rivalry: A Middle Power's Options Within the East Asia Core Triangle', ''Pacific Review'', Vol. 20, No. 2 (2007), pp. 197-220.</ref><ref>Woosang Kim, ''Korea as a Middle Power in Northeast Asian Security'', in ''The United States and Northeast Asia: Debates, Issues, and New Order'', edited by G. John Ikenbgerry and Chung-in Moon (Lantham: Rowman & Littlefield, 2008).</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,25197,24712289-7583,00.html | work=The Australian | first=Greg | last=Sheridan | title=The plucky country and the lucky country draw closer | date=27 Nobiembre 2008 | access-date=2016-08-04 | archive-date=2012-09-12 | archive-url=https://archive.today/20120912182114/http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,25197,24712289-7583,00.html | url-status=dead }}</ref> * {{WP|Spain|size=23px}}<ref name="Solomon" /><ref name="Lacoste" /> * {{WP|Sweden|size=23px}}<ref name="Solomon" /><ref name="The United States and the Great Powers" /><ref name="Pratt" /><ref name="Rudengren-Gisle-Brann">Rudengren J, Gisle P, Brann K (1995) [http://www.nsi-ins.ca/english/publications/multilateral/sweden.asp Middle Power Clout: Sweden And The Development Banks] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070422131920/http://www.nsi-ins.ca/english/publications/multilateral/sweden.asp |date=2007-04-22 }}</ref> * {{WP|Switzerland|size=23px}}<ref name="Solomon" /> * {{WP|Taiwan|size=23px}}<ref name="Asia-Pacific" /> * {{WP|Thailand|size=23px}}<ref name="EUROPA" /><ref name="Asia-Pacific" /> * {{WP|Turkey|size=23px}}<ref name="EUROPA" /><ref name="Cooper et al">Andrew F. Cooper, Agata Antkiewicz and Timothy M. Shaw, 'Lessons from/for BRICSAM about South-North Relations at the Start of the 21st Century: Economic Size Trumps All Else?', ''International Studies Review'', Vol. 9, No. 4 (Winter, 2007), pp. 675, 687.</ref><ref>Meltem Myftyler and Myberra Yyksel, 'Turkey: A Middle Power in the New Order', in ''Niche Diplomacy: Middle Powers After the Cold War'', edited by Andrew F. Cooper (London: Macmillan, 1997).</ref> * {{WP|Ukraine|size=23px}}<ref name=spero>{{Cite book|title=Bridging the European Divide |last=Spero |first=Joshua |year=2004 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=978-0-7425-3553-4|page=206 }}</ref> * {{WP|United Arab Emirates|size=23px}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nationalinterest.org/feature/the-uae-egypt%E2%80%99s-new-frontier-libya-11184|title=The UAE and Egypt’s New Frontier in Libya|work=The National Interest|date=3 Septiembre 2014|accessdate=26 Oktubre 2014|first=Ellen|last=Laipson}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gevans.org/speeches/speech441.html|title=Middle Power Diplomacy|first=Gareth|last=Evans|date=29 Hunio 2011|accessdate=26 Oktubre 2014}}</ref> * {{WP|Venezuela|size=23px}}<ref name="Solomon" /><ref name="EUROPA" /> * {{WP|Vietnam|size=23px}}<ref name="EUROPA" /><ref name="Asia-Pacific" /> {{Div col end}} == Dagiti nagibasaran == {{Reflist}} == Adu pay a mabasbasa == * [https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=sOELm3YduxQC&oi=fnd&pg=RA1-PR10&dq=%22middle+power%22&ots=3zxChBjjoQ&sig=TH9T3_c8wdX6wUuUlmmhtCak0cg Weak States in the International System] (By Michael I. Handel) * [http://www.ubcpress.ubc.ca/search/title_book.asp?BookID=442 Relocating Middle Powers: Australia and Canada in a Changing World Order] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051224142257/http://www.ubcpress.ubc.ca/search/title_book.asp?BookID=442 |date=2005-12-24 }} (Book info) * [http://www.mqup.mcgill.ca/book.php?bookid=930 Middle Power Internationalism] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120722024950/http://www.mqup.mcgill.ca/book.php?bookid=930 |date=2012-07-22 }} (Book info) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060813095251/http://www.cda-cdai.ca/presentations/middlepowergoestomarginsjun05.htm Emerging Powers: Governance in a Changing Global Order] (A Queen’s Centre for International Relations annual report) == Dagiti akinruar a silpo == * [http://www.middlepowers.org/ Inisiatibo dagiti Agpakatengnga a Bileg] {{DEFAULTSORT:Agpakatengnga a bileg}} [[Kategoria:Dagiti estado babaen ti kasasaad ti bileg]] grzprm4adu0z6h4mbzi13yq9gme7wlm 0 55071 405754 402405 2026-05-20T04:15:50Z InternetArchiveBot 14943 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 405754 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox lokasion |dateformat = dmy |zoom = 8 }} Ti '''Coyhaique''' ({{IPA-es|koˈʝai̯.ke}}), mailetra pay a kas '''Coihaique''' iti [[Patagonia]], ket ti [[kapitolio]] a [[Listaan dagiti siudad idiay Chile|siudad]] iti [[Probinsia ti Coyhaique]] ken ti [[Rehion ti Aysén]] ti [[Chile]]. Napundar idi 1929, daytoy ket ubing a siudad. Aginggana idi maika-20 a siglo, saan unay nga interesado ti Chile iti panagsukimat iti adayo a rehion ti Aisén. Ti kalsada [[Carretera Austral]] ket nalukatan kadagiti tawen ti 1980. == Heograpia ken klima == Ti komuna ti Coyhaique ket gumay-at iti kalawa iti {{pagbaliwen|43297|sqkm|0|abbr=on}}.<ref name="INE">{{cite web |url= http://www.ine.cl/canales/chile_estadistico/censos_poblacion_vivienda/censo_pobl_vivi.php |title= National Statistics Institute |accessdate= 8 Septiembre 2010 |language= Espaniol |archive-date= 2019-01-06 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190106234357/http://www.ine.cl/404.html?aspxerrorpath=%2Fcanales%2Fchile_estadistico%2Fcensos_poblacion_vivienda%2Fcenso_pobl_vivi.php |url-status= dead }}</ref> Daytoy ket palikmutan babaen dagiti karayan (Simpson ken Coyhaique) ken babaen dagiti bantay. Dagiti bantay ket mabalin a naabongotan iti niebe iti amin a paset ti tawen, isu a ti Coihaique ket sagpaminsan a makunkuna a kas ti siudad ti agnanayon a niebe. Babaen ti [[pannakaidasig ti klima ti Köppen]], ti Coyhaique ket addaan iti maysa nga [[oceaniko a klima]] (''Cfb''),<ref name=Peel>{{cite journal |author1=Peel, M. C. |author2=Finlayson B. L. |author3=McMahon, T. A. |name-list-style=amp |year=2007 |title=Updated world map of the Köppen–Geiger climate classification |journal=Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. |volume=11 |pages=1633–1644 |doi=10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007 |url=http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/11/1633/2007/hess-11-1633-2007.pdf |issn=1027-5606 |access-date=2018-04-21 |archive-date=2012-02-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203170339/http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/11/1633/2007/hess-11-1633-2007.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> ngem daytoy ket saan a nabasbasa ngem dagiti pagtaengan iti aplaya a kas ti [[Puerto Montt]] wenno [[Puerto Aysén]] gapu ta dagiti banbantay ti aplaya ket makaited iti panaglapped manipud kadagiti angin iti laud. Moderado dagiti temperatura kadagiti las-ud ti bulan iti Nobiembre aginggana iti Abril, bayat a manipud iti Mayo aginggana iti Oktubre, nalam-ek dagiti temperatura gapu ti posibilidad iti panagniebe. <div style="width:78%;"> {{Klima |location = Coyhaique (Pagtayaban ti Teniente Vidal) 1970–2000, dagiti nakaro idi 1952–agdama |metric first = yes |single line = yes |Jan record high C = 35.6 |Feb record high C = 34.0 |Mar record high C = 31.5 |Apr record high C = 25.2 |May record high C = 20.4 |Jun record high C = 18.5 |Jul record high C = 16.2 |Aug record high C = 19.0 |Sep record high C = 23.1 |Oct record high C = 27.5 |Nov record high C = 31.0 |Dec record high C = 32.2 |year record high C = 35.6 |Jan high C = 18.5 |Feb high C = 18.9 |Mar high C = 16.8 |Apr high C = 12.9 |May high C = 8.6 |Jun high C = 5.5 |Jul high C = 5.3 |Aug high C = 7.8 |Sep high C = 10.8 |Oct high C = 13.6 |Nov high C = 15.6 |Dec high C = 17.3 |year high C = 12.6 |Jan mean C = 15.1 |Feb mean C = 15.0 |Mar mean C = 13.1 |Apr mean C = 9.7 |May mean C = 6.0 |Jun mean C = 3.2 |Jul mean C = 2.9 |Aug mean C = 5.0 |Sep mean C = 7.7 |Oct mean C = 10.3 |Nov mean C = 12.4 |Dec mean C = 14.2 |year mean C = 9.5 |Jan low C = 9.6 |Feb low C = 8.9 |Mar low C = 7.5 |Apr low C = 5.3 |May low C = 2.9 |Jun low C = 0.6 |Jul low C = 0.2 |Aug low C = 1.5 |Sep low C = 3.1 |Oct low C = 5.1 |Nov low C = 7.1 |Dec low C = 8.8 |year low C = 5.0 |Jan record low C = 0.0 |Feb record low C = -0.2 |Mar record low C = -8.0 |Apr record low C = -8.3 |May record low C = -11.0 |Jun record low C = -19.2 |Jul record low C = -18.0 |Aug record low C = -13.4 |Sep record low C = -8.8 |Oct record low C = -5.0 |Nov record low C = -4.2 |Dec record low C = -2.3 |year record low C = -19.2 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 56.9 |Feb precipitation mm = 44.2 |Mar precipitation mm = 65.7 |Apr precipitation mm = 91.4 |May precipitation mm = 126.5 |Jun precipitation mm = 125.9 |Jul precipitation mm = 131.3 |Aug precipitation mm = 112.4 |Sep precipitation mm = 71.7 |Oct precipitation mm = 54.0 |Nov precipitation mm = 52.5 |Dec precipitation mm = 61.0 |year precipitation mm = 993.5 |Jan humidity = 59 |Feb humidity = 60 |Mar humidity = 64 |Apr humidity = 71 |May humidity = 80 |Jun humidity = 82 |Jul humidity = 81 |Aug humidity = 74 |Sep humidity = 67 |Oct humidity = 61 |Nov humidity = 59 |Dec humidity = 59 |year humidity = 68 |Jan precipitation days = 13 |Feb precipitation days = 10 |Mar precipitation days = 12 |Apr precipitation days = 15 |May precipitation days = 19 |Jun precipitation days = 18 |Jul precipitation days = 18 |Aug precipitation days = 18 |Sep precipitation days = 14 |Oct precipitation days = 12 |Nov precipitation days = 13 |Dec precipitation days = 12 |year precipitation days = 174 |Jan sun = 251.1 |Feb sun = 234.5 |Mar sun = 192.2 |Apr sun = 144.0 |May sun = 80.6 |Jun sun = 63.0 |Jul sun = 83.7 |Aug sun = 124.0 |Sep sun = 159.0 |Oct sun = 207.7 |Nov sun = 228.0 |Dec sun = 260.4 |year sun = 2028.2 |Jand sun = 8.1 |Febd sun = 8.3 |Mard sun = 6.2 |Aprd sun = 4.8 |Mayd sun = 2.6 |Jund sun = 2.1 |Juld sun = 2.7 |Augd sun = 4.0 |Sepd sun = 5.3 |Octd sun = 6.7 |Novd sun = 7.6 |Decd sun = 8.4 |yeard sun = |source 1 = Dirección Meteorológica de Chile<ref name = DMC>{{cite web | url = http://164.77.222.61/climatologia/publicaciones/Estadistica_ClimatologicaIII.pdf | title = Estadistica Climatologica Tomo III (pg 247-270) | accessdate = 15 Enero 2013 | publisher = Dirección General de Aeronáutica Civil | language = Espaniol | date = Marso 2001}}</ref><ref name=saclim>{{cite web | url = http://164.77.222.61/saclim | title = Temperatura Mensual Histórica de Teniente Vidal, Coyhaique Ad. (450004) | work = Sistema de Administración de Datos Climatológicos | accessdate = 23 Abril 2016 | publisher = Dirección Meteorológica de Chile | language = Espaniol | url-status = dead | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160603004431/http://164.77.222.61/saclim/ | archivedate = 3 Hunio 2016 | df = }}</ref> |source 2 = Universidad de Chile (dagiti laeng oras ti lawag)<ref name = UDC>{{cite web | url = https://www.u-cursos.cl/ingenieria/2008/2/ME716/1/material_docente/bajar?id_material=201902 | title = Tabla 4.6: Medias mensuales de horas de sol diarias extraídas del WRDC ruso (en (hrs./dia)) | work = Elementos Para La Creación de Un Manual de Buenas Prácticas Para Instalaciones Solares Térmicas Domiciliarias | publisher = Universidad de Chile | language = Espaniol | format = PDF | page = 81 | accessdate = 21 Enero 2015 | date = Septiembre 2007}}</ref> |date=Septiembre 2012}} </div> == Dagiti nagibasaran == <references /> == Dagiti akinruar a silpo == {{Commons-nailinia}} {{Wikivoyage-inline}} {{Kontrol ti autoridad}} {{Chile-heograpia-pungol}} [[Kategoria:Dagiti kapitolio dagiti rehion ti Chile]] 12m0y9tw2v8windu3h0yrxo5sp15g07 0 56479 405755 328428 2026-05-20T05:44:30Z InternetArchiveBot 14943 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 405755 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox pagsasao |name = Tenggeres |nativename = Basa Tengger |region = [[Java]], [[Indonesia]] |speakers = 500,000<ref>{{cite web |url=http://sp2010.bps.go.id/files/ebook/kewarganegaraan%20penduduk%20indonesia/index.html |title=Publication Name: |website=Sp2010.bps.go.id |date= |accessdate=2017-07-15 |archive-date=2017-07-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170710134114/http://sp2010.bps.go.id/files/ebook/kewarganegaraan%20penduduk%20indonesia/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |date = 2010 |dateprefix = senso idi&nbsp; |ref = e18 |familycolor = Austronesio |fam2 = [[Sasao a Malayo-Polinesio|Malayo-Polinesio]] |fam3 = [[Pagsasao a Habanes|Habanes]] |script = [[Sinuratan a Hanabes|Habanes]] |iso3 = tes |isoexception = dialekto |glotto = |glottorefname = Tenggerese }} Ti '''pagsasao a Tenggeres''' (sagpaminsan a maibagbaga a kas pagsasao a Habanes a Tengger) ket ti maysa pagsasao nga inus-usar babaen ti [[tattao a Tenggeres]] iti rehion ti bantay iti [[Nailian a Parke ti Bromo Tengger Semeru]] a mangiraman ti [[Rehensia ti Pasuruan]], [[Rehensia ti Probolinggo]], [[Rehensia ti Malang]] ken [[Rehensia ti Lumajang]] ti [[Daya a Java]], [[Indonesia]]. Iti ligguistiko, ti pagsasao a Tenggeres ket parte ti [[pagsasao a Habanes]] iti sanga a [[Sasao a Malayo-Polinesio|Malayo-Polinesio]] ti [[sasao nga Austronesio]]. Adda dagiti mangikeddeng a ti pagsasao a Tenggeres ket nagtaud manipud iti [[pagsasao a Kawi]] ken nakatalinaay kadagiti daan a bokabulario a saanen a maus-usar iti moderno a [[pagsasao a Habanes]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indonesian-efl-journal.org/index.php/ijefll/article/view/3/pdf |title=Phonological System of Tengger Dialect in Ngoko Speech Level |author=Dwi Astuti Wahyu Nurhayati |publisher=Indonesian Journal of EFL and Linguistics |page=2 |date=2016 |accessdate=2017-07-15}}</ref> == Pannakaiwarwaras == Naisasao ti pagsasao a Tenggeres kadagiti rehion a tinaengan babaen ti [[tattao a Tenggeres]] iti lugar ti [[Nailian a Parke ti Bromo Tengger Semeru]]: * [[Tosari]], [[Rehensia ti Pasuruan]] * Distrito ti Sakapura, [[Rehensia ti Probolinggo]] * Purok ti Ngadas, Distrito ti Poncokusomo, [[Rehensia ti Malang]] * Purok ti Ranu Pani, Distrito ti Senduro, [[Rehensia ti Lumajang]] == Gramatika == Dagiti bassit a wada dagiti balikas iti pagsasao a Tenggeres:- {| class="wikitable" |- ! Pagsasao a Tenggeres ! [[Pagsasao a Malayo]] ! Ilokano |- | reang | aku | Siak (para iti lalaki) |- | isun | aku | Siak (para iti babai) |- | sira | kamu | sika |- | rika | anda | sika (para iti manakman a tao) |} No ti alpabeto nga "A" ket mabasa kas "O" iti moderno a [[pagsasao a Habanes]], iti pagsasao a Tenggeres daytoy ket mabasa pay laeng a kas "A".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indonesian-efl-journal.org/index.php/ijefll/article/view/3/pdf |title=Phonological System of Tengger Dialect in Ngoko Speech Level |author=Dwi Astuti Wahyu Nurhayati |publisher=Indonesian Journal of EFL and Linguistics |page=9 |date=2016 |accessdate=2017-07-15}}</ref> == Dagiti nagibasaran == {{Reflist}} {{Dagiti pagsasao ti Indonesia}} {{Austronesio-pagsasao-pungol}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Tenggeres, Dialekto a}} [[Kategoria:Pagsasao a Habanes]] [[Kategoria:Dagiti pagsasao ti Indonesia]] 8etzncpp4d9b4gbh2eoakrxtxoeri6y 2 81822 405753 2026-05-20T00:32:21Z Nemine2X2X2 20017 /* */ 405753 wikitext text/x-wiki {{User UTC+8}} {{{1}}} {{User Apple}} {{User Philippines}}{{User Safari}} {{User cat}} {{User OpenStreetMap}}{{Notice|This is not an article This is an Userpage}}{{Notice|Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet...|heading=Heading}}{{User Mindanao}} {{User Tambayan Philippines}} {{User Filipino}}{{User Gaisano}} {{User en}}{{User ceb}}{{User ilo}}{{User tl}} == Files i Created == [[File:CAT_SIMULATOR_ICON.jpg]] == More Userboxes == {{User Male}}{{User Earth}}{{User Student}}{{User iPhone}} {{User Roblox}} {{User Youtube}} 7yw68dpz46zdjv9udtbyh2c95x6al4f 405756 405753 2026-05-20T06:55:22Z CommonsDelinker 133 Inikkat ti [[c:File:CAT_SIMULATOR_ICON.jpg|CAT_SIMULATOR_ICON.jpg]], inikkaten idiay Commons babaen ni [[c:User:Túrelio|Túrelio]] gapu ta: [[:c:COM:CSD#F3|CSD F3]] (derivative work of non-free content). 405756 wikitext text/x-wiki {{User UTC+8}} {{{1}}} {{User Apple}} {{User Philippines}}{{User Safari}} {{User cat}} {{User OpenStreetMap}}{{Notice|This is not an article This is an Userpage}}{{Notice|Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet...|heading=Heading}}{{User Mindanao}} {{User Tambayan Philippines}} {{User Filipino}}{{User Gaisano}} {{User en}}{{User ceb}}{{User ilo}}{{User tl}} == Files i Created == == More Userboxes == {{User Male}}{{User Earth}}{{User Student}}{{User iPhone}} {{User Roblox}} {{User Youtube}} lnqknt8lvlrnmggrn5xawvptq2ix9xd