Wikipedia ilowiki https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umuna_a_Panid MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.12 first-letter Midia Espesial Tungtungan Agar-aramat Agar-aramat tungtungan Wikipedia Wikipedia tungtungan Papeles Papeles tungtungan MediaWiki MediaWiki tungtungan Plantilia Plantilia tungtungan Tulong Tulong tungtungan Kategoria Kategoria tungtungan TimedText TimedText talk Modulo Modulo tungtungan Event Event talk 0 10646 406183 403972 2026-07-24T18:34:04Z InternetArchiveBot 14943 Rescuing 19 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 406183 wikitext text/x-wiki Ti sumaganad ket listaan '''Listaan dagiti birngas ti estado iti Estados Unidos''', a nairaman dagiti opisial a naamponan a birngas ken dagiti sabsabali a tinawtawid a birngas dagiti tunggal maysa nga estado ken distrito iti [[Estados Unidos]]. Dagiti agdama nga opisial a birngas ti estado ket naipapuskol. == Dagiti birngas ti estado == {| class="wikitable" |- ! Estado !! Birngas wenno dagiti birngas |- | {{wagayway|Alabama}}<br />(Awan ti opisial a birngas)<ref>{{cite news | first= | last= | title=Emblems Index | date= | publisher=State of Alabama | url =http://www.archives.alabama.gov/kids_emblems/ | work = | pages = | accessdate = 2008-01-26 | language =}}</ref> | *Cotton Plantation State<ref name="ala" /> *Cotton State<ref name=AL>{{cite web |url=http://www.archives.state.al.us/emblems/emblems.html |title=Alabama Emblems, Symbols and Honors |accessdate=2007-03-18 |date=2006-04-20 |publisher=Alabama Department of Archives & History |quote=Alabama does not have an official nickname. |archive-date=2018-12-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224225303/http://www.archives.state.al.us/emblems/emblems.html%20 |url-status=dead }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224225303/http://www.archives.state.al.us/emblems/emblems.html%20 |date=2018-12-24 }}</ref> * Heart of Dixie (inus-usar kadagiti [[Dagiti plata ti panagrehistro ti karro ti Alabama|plata ti lisensia]])<ref name=AL /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.archives.state.al.us/emblems/Heart_of_Dixie.html |title=Heart of Dixie |accessdate=2007-03-18 |date=2004-06-29 |work=Alabama Emblems, Symbols and Honors |publisher=Alabama Department of Archives & History |archive-date=2018-12-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224225249/http://www.archives.state.al.us/emblems/Heart_of_Dixie.html%20 |url-status=dead }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224225249/http://www.archives.state.al.us/emblems/Heart_of_Dixie.html%20 |date=2018-12-24 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | first= | last= |authorlink= | title=Nicknames: America's 50 States (First of Four Parts) | date=2008-01-06 | publisher=VOA Special English program | url =http://www.voanews.com/specialenglish/archive/2008-01/2007-12-31-voa3.cfm | work =Voice of America | pages = | accessdate = 2009-01-04 | language =}}</ref> * Lizard State<ref name="ala">[http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/al_intro.htm Introduction to Alabama] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160207234557/http://netstate.com/states/intro/al_intro.htm |date=2016-02-07 }}, 50 States, naala idi Abril 24, 2009.</ref> * [[Northern flicker|Yellowhammer]] State<ref name=AL /> |- | {{wagayway|Alaska}} | * Land of the [[Midnight sun|Midnight Sun]]<ref name=ak /> * Land of the Noonday Moon<ref name=ak /> * '''The Last Frontier''' (agdama nga inus-usar kadagiti [[Dagiti plata ti panagrehistro ti karro ti Alaska|plata ti lisensia]])<ref name="ak">[http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/ak_intro.htm The Last Frontier State] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160208163712/http://netstate.com/states/intro/ak_intro.htm |date=2016-02-08 }}, 50 States, naala idi Abril 24, 2009.</ref><ref name="alaska">{{cite web |url=http://www.commerce.state.ak.us/ded/dev/student_info/student.htm |title=Alaska Division of Economic Development |accessdate=2011-07-30 |publisher=Alaska Division of Economic Development |author=Alaska Division of Economic Development|date=2010-12-21}}</ref> *[[Seward's Folly]] (nanaganan kalpasan ti Sekretario ti Estado a ni [[William H. Seward]])<ref name=ak /> *Seward's Ice Box, Icebergia, Polaria, Walrussia, and [[Andrew Johnson|Johnson]]'s Polar Bear Garden were satirical names coined by members of the [[United States Congress|U.S. Congress]] during debate over the [[Alaska Purchase]]<ref name=ak /> |- | {{wagayway|Arizona}} | * [[Apache]] State<ref name=az /> *[[Aztec]] State<ref name=az /> *Baby State (Gapu ta ti Arizona ket ti kabaruan a kasigkay nga estado ti Kappon)<ref name=az /> * [[Copper]] State<ref name=az /> * '''[[Grand Canyon]] State''' (agdama nga inus-usar kadagiti [[Dagiti plata ti panagrehistro ti karro ti Arizona|plata ti lisensia]])<ref name="az">[http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/az_intro.htm Introduction to Arizona] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226000434/http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/az_intro.htm%20 |date=2018-12-26 }}, 50 States, naala idi Abril 24, 2009.</ref><ref>[http://www.azleg.gov/FormatDocument.asp?inDoc=/legtext/50leg/1r/bills/hb2549o.asp Ariz. HB 2549] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120729082312/http://www.azleg.gov/FormatDocument.asp?inDoc=/legtext/50leg/1r/bills/hb2549o.asp |date=2012-07-29 }} Opisial nga inampon babaen ti Arizona idi Pebrero 14, 2011</ref> *[[Italia|Italy]] of America<ref name=az /> *Sand Hill State<ref name=az /> *Sunset State<ref name=az /> *Sweetheart State (Kitaen dita baba)<ref name=az /> *[[Valentine's Day|Valentine]] State (Nakagun-od ti Arizona ti kinaestado idi Pebrero 14, 1912)<ref name=az /> |- | {{wagayway|Arkansas}} | *[[Bear]] State<ref name=ark /> *[[Bowie knife|Bowie]] State<ref name=ark /> *[[Hot spring|Hot Springs]] State<ref name=ark /> * Land of Opportunity (dati nga opisial a birngas; dati nga inus-usar kadagiti [[Dagiti plata ti panagrehistro ti karro ti Arkansas|plata ti lisensia]])<ref name=ark /> * '''The Natural State''' (agdama nga inus-usar kadagiti plata ti lisensia)<ref name=ark /><ref>[http://law.justia.com/codes/arkansas/2010/title-1/chapter-4/1-4-106/ Arkansas §&nbsp;1-4-106 – State nickname] Naala idi Feb. 28, 2011</ref> * [[Boar|Razorback]] State<ref name=ark /> *[[Arkansas toothpick|Toothpick]] State<ref name="ark">[http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/ar_intro.htm Introduction to Arkansas] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160221212457/http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/ar_intro.htm |date=2016-02-21 }}, US States, naala idi Abril 24, 2009.</ref> * Wonder State<ref name=ark /> |- | {{wagayway|California}} | * Sunny State * [[El Dorado]] State<ref name=nie /> * '''The Golden State'''<ref>[http://law.onecle.com/california/government/420.75.html California Government Code Section 420.75] Naala idi Peb. 28, 2011</ref><ref>{{cite news | first= | last= | title=State Symbols | date= | publisher=State of California | url=http://www.library.ca.gov/history/symbols.html#Heading13 | work=California State Library | pages= | accessdate=2008-01-26 | language= | access-date=2011-12-20 | archive-date=2019-01-05 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190105214315/http://www.library.ca.gov/california-history/state-symbols/#Heading13 | url-status=dead }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190105214315/http://www.library.ca.gov/california-history/state-symbols/#Heading13 |date=2019-01-05 }}</ref> (dati nga inus-usar kadagiti [[Dagiti plata ti panagrehistro ti karro ti California|plata ti lisensia]]) |- | {{wagayway|Colorado}} | *[[American bison|Buffalo]] [[High Plains (United States)|Plains]] State<ref name=COnetstate>{{cite web | url = http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/co_intro.htm | title = Colorado | work = NetState.com | publisher = NState, LLC. | accessdate = 2007-02-21 | archive-date = 2018-12-24 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181224225237/http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/co_intro.htm%20 | url-status = dead }}</ref> (saanen a maus-usar) *'''Centennial State'''<ref name=COnames>{{cite web | url = http://www.colorado.gov/dpa/doit/archives/history/symbemb.htm#Name | title = Colorado State Name and Nicknames | work = Colorado State Symbols & Emblems | publisher = [[Colorado|State of Colorado]], Department of Personnel & Administration, Colorado State Archives | accessdate = 2007-02-21 | archive-date = 2019-01-07 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190107145753/https://www.colorado.gov/archives#Name | url-status = dead }}</ref> (dati nga inus-usar kadagiti [[Dagiti plata ti panagrehistro ti karro ti Colorado|plata ti lisensia]]. Colorado was admitted to the [[United States|Union]] one hundred years after the signing of the [[Declaration of Independence]].) *Colorful Colorado<ref name=COnames /> (dati nga inus-usar kadagiti [[Dagiti plata ti panagrehistro ti karro ti Colorado|plata ti lisensia]]) *[[Aquilegia caerulea|Columbine]] State<ref name=COflower>{{cite web | url = http://www.colorado.gov/dpa/doit/archives/history/symbemb.htm#Flower | title = Colorado State Flower | work = Colorado State Symbols & Emblems | publisher = [[Colorado|State of Colorado]], Department of Personnel & Administration, Colorado State Archives | accessdate = 2007-02-21 | archive-date = 2019-01-07 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190107145753/https://www.colorado.gov/archives#Flower | url-status = dead }}</ref> *Highest State<ref name=COnetstate /> *[[Lead]] State<ref name=COnetstate /> (saanen a maus-usar) *Mother of Rivers<ref name=COwater>{{cite web | url = http://www.coloradohistory.org/RIPsigns/show_markertext.asp?id=797 | title = Colorado Water History | format = asp | publisher = Colorado Historical Society | accessdate = 2007-11-29}}</ref> *[[Rocky Mountains|Rocky Mountain]] Empire<ref name = wikiDenver>[[Denver, Colorado]]</ref> (saanen a maus-usar) *[[Rocky Mountains|Rocky Mountain]] State<ref name=COusatourist>{{cite web | url = http://www.usatourist.com/english/places/colorado/index.html | title = Colorado | work = USAtourist.com | publisher = USATourist | accessdate = 2007-02-21 | archive-date = 2010-04-10 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100410204830/http://usatourist.com/english/places/colorado/index.html | url-status = dead }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100410204830/http://usatourist.com/english/places/colorado/index.html |date=2010-04-10 }}</ref> (saanen a maus-usar) *[[Silver]] State<ref name=COnetstate /> (saanen a maus-usar; kitaen ti Nevada) *[[Skiing|Ski]] Country USA<ref name=CSCUSA>{{Cite web |url=http://www.coloradoski.com/cscusa-history-contact |title=Colorado Ski Country USA history |access-date=2016-08-17 |archive-date=2014-03-16 |archive-url=https://archive.is/20140316180331/http://www.coloradoski.com/cscusa-history-contact |url-status=dead }} {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20140316180331/http://www.coloradoski.com/cscusa-history-contact |date=2014-03-16 }}</ref> *[[Switzerland]] of America<ref name="colo">[http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/co_intro.htm Introduction to Colorado] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224225237/http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/co_intro.htm%20 |date=2018-12-24 }}, 50 States, naala idi Abril 24, 2009.</ref> (saanen a maus-usar) |- | {{wagayway|Connecticut}} | *'''Constitution State''' (opisial, agdama nga inus-usar kadagiti [[Dagiti plata ti panagrehistro ti karro ti Connecticut|plata ti lisensia]])<ref>[http://www.cga.ct.gov/current/pub/chap_033.htm#sec_3-110a Conn. Stat. Sec. 3-110a], naala idi Nob. 4, 2013</ref> *Nutmeg State<ref name=nie /> *Blue Law State<ref name=nie /> *Provisions State *Freestone State<ref name=nie /> *Land of Steady Habits<ref name=nie /> |- | {{wagayway|Delaware}} | *Chemical Capital of the World<ref name=del /> (due to one time being the corporate headquarters for several international chemical companies.) *[[Corporation|Corporate]] Capital (due to the state's business-friendly incorporation laws)<ref name=del /> *Diamond State (Thomas Jefferson is supposed to have referred to Delaware as being like a diamond- small in size but great in value)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.monticello.org/site/jefferson/jewel-among-states-quotation|title=Jewel among the states (Quotation)|website=Monticello.ORG|accessdate=13 Nobiembre 2015|archive-date=2015-11-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117022311/http://www.monticello.org/site/jefferson/jewel-among-states-quotation|url-status=dead}}</ref> *[[Delaware Blue Hen|Blue Hen]] State or Blue Hen Chicken State<ref name="PopikSmoky">Barry Popik, [http://www.barrypopik.com/index.php/new_york_city/entry/summary12/ Smoky City], barrypopik.com website, Marso 27, 2005</ref> * '''The First State'''<ref name=del /><ref>[http://delcode.delaware.gov/title29/c003/#318 Delaware Code Title 29 Section 318] naala idi on Pebrero 28, 2011</ref> (Delaware was the first state to ratify the [[Constitution of the United States|Constitution]]; agdama nga inus-usar kadagiti [[Dagiti plata ti panagrehistro ti karro ti Delaware|plata ti lisensia]]) *[[Peach]] State<ref name="del">[http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/de_intro.htm Introduction to Delaware] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226000340/http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/de_intro.htm%20 |date=2018-12-26 }}, 50 States, naala idi Abril 24, 2009.</ref> * Small Wonder<ref name=del /> |- | {{wagayway|Washington, D.C.}} | * Nation's Capital<ref name="farhi">Farhi, Paul. (2010, Hulio 30). [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/07/29/AR2010072905868.html After initial obscurity, 'The DMV' nickname for Washington area picks up speed]. ''Washington Post''. Naala idi 20 Disiembre 2013.</ref> * DMV (nickname for the broader metropolitan area of Washington, D.C., Maryland, and Virginia)<ref name="farhi" /> * Inside the Beltway |-The District |{{wagayway|Florida}} | *[[American alligator|Alligator]] State<ref name=fla /> * [[Everglades|Everglade]] State<ref name="fla">[http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/fl_intro.htm Introduction to Florida] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160411092453/http://netstate.com/states/intro/fl_intro.htm |date=2016-04-11 }}, 50 States, naala idi Abril 24, 2009.</ref> * Flower State<ref name=fla /> *[[Golpo ti Mehiko|Gulf]] State<ref name=fla /> * [[Spanish Florida|La Florida]] * [[Orange (fruit)|Orange]] State<ref name=fla /> * Peninsula State or Peninsular State<ref name=PopikSmoky /> * '''Sunshine State''' (agdama nga inus-usar kadagiti [[Dagiti plata ti panagrehistro ti karro ti Florida|plata ti lisensia]]) |- | {{wagayway|Georgia (Estado iti Estados Unidos)|name=Georgia}} | * '''[[Peach]] State'''<ref name=GAnames>{{cite web | url = http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/QuickFacts.jsp?hl=y&id=State_Symbols&action=openTo#idState_Symbols | title = Quick Facts: State Symbols | work = The New Georgia Encyclopedia | publisher = University of Georgia Press | accessdate = 2008-03-03 | archive-date = 2013-05-14 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130514021800/http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/QuickFacts.jsp?hl=y&id=State_Symbols&action=openTo#idState_Symbols | url-status = dead }}</ref> (agdama nga inus-usar kadagiti [[Dagiti plata ti panagrehistro ti karro ti Georgia (Estado iti Estados Unidos)|plata ti lisensia]]) <!-- * [[Buzzard]] State (from laws Georgia introduced to protect buzzards)<ref name=GAnames>{{cite web | url = http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/ga_intro.htm | title = Georgia | work = State Flags Flowers Birds Symbols and Emblems State Quarters Geography and Maps Newspapers History and Economy for the 50 States | format = HTML | publisher = NetState | accessdate = 2008-03-03}}</ref> --> * [[Georgia cracker|Cracker State]] — Along with Florida, Georgia had been called "The Cracker State" in earlier times, perhaps a derogatory term that referred to immigrants, called "crackers," from the mountains of Virginia and North Carolina.<ref name=GAnames2>{{cite web | url = http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?path=%2FFolklife%2FCustomsandLocalTraditions&id=h-552 | title = Folklife: Customs and Local Traditions | work = The New Georgia Encyclopedia | publisher = University of Georgia Press | accessdate = 2008-03-03 | archive-date = 2012-10-09 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121009041406/http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?path=%2FFolklife%2FCustomsandLocalTraditions&id=h-552 | url-status = dead }}</ref> See also [[Atlanta Crackers#Origin of the team's name|Atlanta Crackers: Origin of the name]] * Empire State of the South — Georgia is the second largest state, behind New York, east of the Mississippi and was the leading industrial state of the old south<ref name=GAnames3>{{cite web | url = http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-1018&hl=y | title = History & Archaeology: Antebellum Industrialization | work = The New Georgia Encyclopedia | publisher = University of Georgia Press | accessdate = 2008-03-03 | archive-date = 2013-04-05 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130405154630/http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-1018 | url-status = dead }}</ref> * Yankee-land of the South: Similarly to the above nickname, "Yankee-land of the South" speaks to industrial and economic development in the south. This nickname Mayo be used in a derogatory sense.<ref name=GAnames4>{{cite web | url = http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/ga_intro.htm | title = Georgia | work = State Flags Flowers Birds Symbols and Emblems State Quarters Geography and Maps Newspapers History and Economy for the 50 States | publisher = NetState | accessdate = 2008-03-03 | archive-date = 2018-12-24 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181224225237/http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/ga_intro.htm%20 | url-status = dead }}</ref> * [[Goober Peas|Goober]] State — Refers to peanuts, the official state crop.<ref name=GAnames5>{{cite web | url = http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-1809&hl=y | title = Land & Resources: Peanuts | work = The New Georgia Encyclopedia | publisher = University of Georgia Press | accessdate = 2008-03-03 | archive-date = 2011-08-05 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110805150437/http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-1809&hl=y | url-status = dead }}</ref> * State of Adventure (Adda kadagiti senial ti panagpasangbay iti kalsada) <!-- Deleted image removed: [[Papeles:Welcome sign Georgia State.jpg|thumbnail|right|Welcome sign Georgia State]] --> |- | {{wagayway|Hawaii}} | * '''Aloha State''' (officially the "popular" name,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.capitol.hawaii.gov/hrscurrent/Vol01_Ch0001-0042F/HRS0005/HRS_0005-0007.htm|title= Hawaii Revised Statutes §&nbsp;5-7|accessdate= Nobiembre 4, 2013}}</ref> agdama nga inus-usar kadagiti [[Dagiti plata ti panagrehistro ti karro ti Hawaii|plata ti lisensia]])<ref name="hi">[http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/hi_intro.htm Introduction to Hawaii] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226000428/http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/hi_intro.htm%20 |date=2018-12-26 }}, 50 States.</ref> *Paradise *The Islands of Aloha *Paradise of the Pacific<ref name=hi /> * Pineapple State<ref name=hi /> * Rainbow State<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.guidebookamerica.com/news/hawaii_rainbow/index.htm |title=HAWAII: A RAINBOW OF CULTURAL RICHES: A world of traditions blending for centuries offers cultural activities of colorful diversity |publisher=Guidebookamerica.com |date= |accessdate=2013-05-24 |archive-date=2018-12-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224225332/http://www.guidebookamerica.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *Youngest State<ref name=hi /> *808 State (colloquial, refers to the state's [[Area code 808|area code]].)<ref name="808statefaq">[http://www.808state.com/various/faq/faq.htm#name 808 State Frequently Asked Questions: Where did 808 State get their name from?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818152327/http://www.808state.com/various/faq/faq.htm#name |date=2016-08-18 }}, 808 State Official Website.</ref><ref name="talkradiohawaii">[http://www.808stateupdate.com/ 808 State Update], Talk Radio Hawaii</ref> |- | {{wagayway|Idaho}} | *'''[[Gemstone|Gem]] State'''<ref>{{cite news | first= | last= |authorlink= | title=Nicknames: America's 50 States (Second of Four Parts) | date=2008-01-12 | publisher=VOA Special English program | url =http://www.voanews.com/specialenglish/archive/2008-01/2008-01-13-voa3.cfm | work =Voice of America | pages = | accessdate = 2009-01-04 | language =}}</ref> * Gem of the Mountains<ref name="ida">[http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/id_intro.htm Introduction to Idaho] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120920092147/http://netstate.com/states/intro/id_intro.htm |date=2012-09-20 }}, 50 States.</ref> *Little Ida<ref name=ida /> * [[Potato|Spud]] State<ref name=spud>{{cite web | url = http://www.superpages.com/states/ID/history.html | title = SuperPages: Idaho History | accessdate = 2008-03-21 | archive-date = 2018-12-24 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181224225243/https://www.superpages.com/states/ID/history.html%20 | url-status = dead }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224225243/https://www.superpages.com/states/ID/history.html%20 |date=2018-12-24 }}</ref> * Potatonia * Little Ida<ref name="ida" /> (agdama nga inus-usar kadagiti [[Dagiti plata ti panagrehistro ti karro ti Idaho|plata ti lisensia]]) |- | {{wagayway|Illinois}}<ref name=ILnames>{{cite web | url = http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/il_intro.htm | title = Illinois | work = Illinois State Symbols & Emblems | accessdate = 2007-04-29 | archive-date = 2018-12-24 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181224225301/http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/il_intro.htm%20 | url-status = dead }}</ref> | * Land of Lincoln<ref name="ill" /> (agdama nga inus-usar kadagiti [[Dagiti plata ti panagrehistro ti karro ti Illinois|plata ti lisensia]]) * '''Prairie State'''<ref name="ill" /> * Corn State<ref name="ill">[http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/il_intro.htm#nickname Introduction to Illinois] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224225301/http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/il_intro.htm%20#nickname |date=2018-12-24 }}, 50 States, naala idi Abril 24, 2009.</ref> * Inland Empire State * Garden of the West<ref name="ill" /> |- | {{wagayway|Indiana}} | * '''[[Hoosier]] State'''<ref name="Hoosier_State">The unofficial sobriquet of the State of Indiana has given rise to the humorous constructions Hoosierana (the land of Hoosiers; see uses in [http://www.depauw.edu/library/archives/ijhof/inductees/thomassond.htm Indiana Journalism Hall of Fame] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050912120101/http://www.depauw.edu/library/archives/ijhof/inductees/thomassond.htm |date=2005-09-12 }} and [http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-28003622.html by sports journalist Frank DeFord] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105033436/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-28003622.html |date=2012-11-05 }}) and Hoosierstan (the place of Hoosiers).</ref> |- | {{wagayway|Iowa}} | * '''[[Hawkeye State]]'''<ref>{{cite web| title=Iowa State Nickname – "The Hawkeye State"| url=http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/Iowa/nickname_hawkeye.html| publisher=State Symbols USA| accessdate=Mayo 24, 2013| archive-date=2018-12-24| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224225255/https://statesymbolsusa.org/Iowa/nickname_hawkeye.html%20| url-status=dead}}</ref> * Land of the Rolling Prairie * Corn State |- | {{wagayway|Kansas}} | * America's Bread Basket * Wheat State (dati nga inus-usar kadagiti [[Dagiti plata ti panagrehistro ti karro ti Kansas|plata ti lisensia]]) *Home of Beautiful Women<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.roadsideamerica.com/attract/KSPRAwatertowers.html |title=Kansas Signage |accessdate=2007-03-26 |publisher=roadsideamerica.com}}</ref> *Central State<ref name=nie /> *'''Sunflower State'''<ref name=nie /> |- | {{wagayway|Kentucky}} | * '''[[Poa pratensis|Bluegrass]] State''' (agdama nga inus-usar kadagiti [[Dagiti plata ti panagrehistro ti karro ti Kentucky|plata ti lisensia]])<ref name="ky">[http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/ky_intro.htm Introduction to Kentucky] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160411093953/http://netstate.com/states/intro/ky_intro.htm |date=2016-04-11 }}, 50 States.</ref> * Corn-cracker State (naireporta idi 1881)<ref name=PopikSmoky /> * The Dark and Bloody Ground State (ti maysa panangibaga kadagiti gubat a nagbaetan dagiti tribu ti [[Tattao a Creek|Creek]], [[Shawnee]], [[Chickasaw]], ken [[Cherokee]])<ref name=ky /> *[[Hemp]] State<ref name=ky /> * [[Tobacco]] State<ref name=ky /> |- | {{wagayway|Louisiana}} | * [[Bayou]] State (dati nga inus-usar kadagiti [[Dagiti plata ti panagrehistro ti karro ti Louisiana|plata ti lisensia]]) * Child of the Mississippi * [[Louisiana Creole people|Creole]] State<ref name=nie /> *Fisherman's Paradise *[[Netherlands|Holland]] of America * '''[[Brown pelican|Pelican]] State'''<ref name=nie /> * Sportsman's Paradise<!-- see [[Louisiana]] Talk page --> (agdama nga inus-usar kadagiti plata ti lisensia) * Sugar State |- | {{wagayway|Maine}} | * ''' Vacationland''' (agdama nga inus-usar kadagiti [[Dagiti plata ti panagrehistro ti karro ti Maine|plata ti lisensia]]) * '''[[Pine]] Tree State'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.50states.com/bio/nickname2.htm |title=State Nicknames |publisher=50states.com |date= |accessdate=2013-05-24}}</ref> (Kadua nga opisial iti Vacationland) * Lumber State<ref name=nie /> |- | {{wagayway|Maryland}} | * America in Miniature<ref>Judy Colbert, ''Off the Beaten Path: Maryland and Delaware'', 8th ed., 2007, {{ISBN|978-0-7627-4418-3}}.</ref> * [[Chesapeake Bay|Chesapeake]] State<ref name="netmd" /> * [[Cockade]] State<ref name="netmd" /> * Crab State{{Citation needed|date=Abril 2009}} * Free State<ref>{{cite news | first= | last= |authorlink= | title=Nicknames: America's 50 States (Third of Four Parts) | date=2008-01-19 | publisher=VOA Special English program | url =http://www.voanews.com/specialenglish/archive/2008-01/2008-01-16-voa2.cfm | work =Voice of America | pages = | accessdate = 2009-01-04 | language =}}</ref> * Monumental State<ref name="netmd" /> * '''Old Line State'''<ref name="netmd" /> * [[Oyster]] State<ref name="netmd">{{cite web |url=http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/md_intro.htm |title=The State of Maryland – An Introduction to the Old Line State from |publisher=Netstate.Com |date= |accessdate=2013-05-24 |archive-date=2018-12-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224225306/http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/md_intro.htm%20 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[Henrietta Maria of France|Queen]] State<ref name="netmd" /> * [[Diamondback terrapin|Terrapin]] State<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.msa.md.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc2900/sc2908/html/oldline.html |title=Archives of Maryland Online |access-date=2011-12-20 |archive-date=2012-05-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120503092142/http://www.msa.md.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc2900/sc2908/html/oldline.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | {{wagayway|Massachusetts}} | *[[baked beans|Baked Bean]] State<ref name=mass /> *Codfish State (formerly represented on plata ti lisensia by a codfish) * '''The Bay State'''<ref name="mass">[http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/ma_intro.htm Introduction to Massachusetts] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170813143816/http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/ma_intro.htm |date=2017-08-13 }}, 50 States, naala idi Abril 24, 2009.</ref> * The Commonwealth{{Citation needed|date=Abril 2009}} * Old Colony State<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/368402/Massachusetts Massachusetts (state, United States)], [[Encyclopædia Britannica|Britannica Online]], naala idi Abril 24, 2009.</ref> *Pilgrim State<ref name=mass /> *The Spirit of America (agdama nga inus-usar kadagiti [[Dagiti plata ti panagrehistro ti karro ti Massachusetts|plata ti lisensia]]) * The People's Republic of Massachusetts (colloquial) * Taxachusetts (colloquial)<ref>Andrew Ryan, [http://www.boston.com/news/globe/city_region/breaking_news/2007/04/report_taxachus.html Report: 'Taxachusetts' label remains part of Massachusetts' past], ''Boston Globe'', Abril 6, 2007.</ref><ref>Daniel J. Flynn, [http://www.forbes.com/2008/10/22/massachusetts-income-tax-oped-cx_df_1022flynn.html 'Taxachusetts' no more?], ''Forbes'', Oktubre 22, 2008.</ref><ref>[http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,433702,00.html 'Taxachusetts' Voters Mayo Eliminate State Income Tax], Fox News, Oktubre 7, 2008.</ref><ref>Michael D. Shear, [http://voices.washingtonpost.com/44/2007/12/12/giuliani_backers_attack_taxach.html Giuliani Backers Attack 'Taxachusetts Romney'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525063229/http://voices.washingtonpost.com/44/2007/12/12/giuliani_backers_attack_taxach.html |date=2017-05-25 }}, ''The Washington Post'', Disiembre 12, 2007.</ref><ref>[http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4111010 Slate's Chatterbox: The Myth of 'Taxachusetts'], National Public Radio, Oktubre 15, 2004.</ref> |- | {{wagayway|Michigan}} | * '''The [[Great Lakes]] State''' (dati nga inus-usar kadagiti [[Dagiti plata ti panagrehistro ti karro ti Michigan|plata ti lisensia]]) * Murder Mitten * Winter Water Wonderland (dati nga inus-usar kadagiti plata ti lisensia) * the Wolverine State<ref>{{cite news|last1=Holland|first1=Meegan|title=Death of Michigan's only Wolverine brings up question: Why are we still the Wolverine State?|url=http://www.mlive.com/news/index.ssf/2010/03/michigans_wolverine_is_dead_no.html|accessdate=14 Septiembre 2015|publisher=MLive|date=15 Marso 2010}}</ref> * The World's Motor Capital * Mitten State * America's High Five |- | {{wagayway|Minnesota}} | * Butter Country * Gopher State<ref name=nie /> * Land of 10,000 Lakes ("10,000 Lakes" agdama nga inus-usar kadagiti [[Dagiti plata ti panagrehistro ti karro ti Minnesota|plata ti lisensia]]) * Land of Lakes * Land of Sky-Blue Waters * New England of the West<ref name=nie /> * '''North Star State''' * State of Hockey<ref>Jess Myers, [http://sports.espn.go.com/nhl/allstar2004/columns/story?id=1724057 Hockey roots run deep in Minnesota], ESPN.com, Pebrero 10, 2004</ref> * Vikings State * Bread and Butter State<ref name=nie /> |- | {{wagayway|Mississippi}} | * Hospitality State (dati nga inus-usar kadagiti [[Dagiti plata ti panagrehistro ti karro ti Mississippi|plata ti lisensia]]) * '''[[Magnolia grandiflora|Magnolia]] State''' * The South's Warmest Welcome * The Birthplace of America's Music (agdama nga being inus-usar kadagiti [[Dagiti plata ti panagrehistro ti karro ti Mississippi|plata ti lisensia]]) * The Bayou State<ref name=nie /> |- | {{wagayway|Missouri}} | * [[Gold bullion|Bullion]] State<ref name=nie /> * [[Cave]] State * Gateway State * [[Bellwether]] State * Lead State * The Great Rivers State * The State of Misery (colloquial) * [[The Ozarks|Ozark]] State * Puke State<ref>[http://blogs.riverfronttimes.com/dailyrft/2012/01/pig_map_pukes_suckers_state_nickname.php] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150427032751/http://blogs.riverfronttimes.com/dailyrft/2012/01/pig_map_pukes_suckers_state_nickname.php |date=2015-04-27 }} Riverfront Times, Enero 10, 2012</ref> * '''Show-Me State''' (agdama nga inus-usar kadagiti [[Dagiti plata ti panagrehistro ti karro ti Missouri|plata ti lisensia]]) |- | {{wagayway|Montana}} | * Big Sky Country (agdama nga inus-usar kadagiti [[Dagiti plata ti panagrehistro ti karro ti Montana|plata ti lisensia]]) * The Last Best Place<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/18/us/18trademark.html?_r=1&em In Montana, a Popular Expression Is Taken Off the Endangered List] New York Times, Agosto 17, 2008; Naala idi Pebrero 28, 2011</ref> * '''Treasure State''' (dati nga inus-usar kadagiti plata ti lisensia) |- | {{wagayway|Nebraska}} | * Beef State (dati nga inus-usar kadagiti [[Dagiti plata ti panagrehistro ti karro ti Nebraska|plata ti lisensia]]) * '''Cornhusker State''' (dati nga inus-usar kadagiti plata ti lisensia)<ref>[http://nebraskalegislature.gov/laws/statutes.php?statute=90-101], Nebraska Rev. Stat. §&nbsp;90-101, naala idi Nob, 4, 2013</ref> * Tree Planter's State * Bugeating State<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/ne_intro.htm |title=Archive copy |access-date=2016-08-17 |archive-date=2016-04-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160405190108/http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/ne_intro.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Blackwater State<ref name=nie /> * The Good Life (as seen on state border signs) |- | {{wagayway|Nevada}} | * Battle Born State (mangibagbaga iti kinapudno a ti Nevada ket timmipon iti Kappon idi las-ud ti [[Sibil gubat ti Amerikano|Sibil a Gubat]]) * [[Artemisia tridentata|Sagebrush]] State * '''[[Silver]] State''' (agdama nga inus-usar kadagiti [[Dagiti plata ti panagrehistro ti karro ti Nevada|plata ti lisensia]]) |- | {{wagayway|New Hampshire}} | * '''[[Granite]] State'''<ref name="NHnickname">{{cite web | url =http://www.nh.gov/nhinfo/fastfact.html | title =New Hampshire Almanac >Fast New Hampshire Facts | work =State of New Hampshire official website | accessdate =Oktubre 12, 2012}}</ref> * The Live Free or Die State (official motto) * Mother of Rivers<ref name=NHnickname /> * [[White Mountains (New Hampshire)|White Mountain]] State<ref name=NHnickname /> |- | {{wagayway|New Jersey}} | * '''Garden State''' (agdama nga inus-usar kadagiti [[Dagiti plata ti panagrehistro ti karro ti New Jersey|plata ti lisensia]]) *[[Crossroads of the American Revolution Association|The Crossroads of the Revolution]] (dati nga inus-usar kadagiti plata ti lisensia) * The Tomato State |- | {{wagayway|New Mexico}} | * [[Cactus]] State<ref name=SHG-NM /> * The Colorful State * '''Land of Enchantment'''<ref>New Mexico Revised Statutes, Sec. 12-3-4-N, naala idi Nob, 4, 2013</ref> (agdama nga inus-usar kadagiti [[Dagiti plata ti panagrehistro ti karro ti New Mexico|plata ti lisensia]]) * Land of Sunshine (predates "Land of Enchantment"; this earlier nickname highlighted the large percentage of sunshine received statewide)<ref name="SHG-NM">[http://www.shgresources.com/nm/symbols/names/ New Mexico Symbols, State Names]{{Natay a silpo|date=August 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, SHG Resources website, accessed Hulio 7, 2008</ref> * New [[Andalusia]]<ref name=SHG-NM /> * The Outer Space State * The Spanish State{{Citation needed|date=Oktubre 2008}} |- | {{wagayway|New York}} | * '''[[Empire State]]''' (agdama nga inus-usar kadagiti [[Dagiti plata ti panagrehistro ti karro ti New York|plata ti lisensia]])<ref name=nie /> * Excelsior State<ref name=nie /> |- | {{wagayway|North Carolina}} | * Old North State<ref name="nc">[http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/nc_intro.htm Introduction to North Carolina] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160323161110/http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/nc_intro.htm |date=2016-03-23 }}, 50 States, naala idi Pebrero 28, 2011.</ref> * '''[[Tar Heel]] State'''<ref name=nc /> * [[Turpentine]] State<ref>{{cite news | first= | last= | title=Why We are Called Tar Heels | date= | publisher=UNC Libraries | url =http://www.lib.unc.edu/ncc/tarheel.html | work = | pages = | accessdate = 2008-01-26 | language =}}</ref> * Variety Vacationland<ref>[http://www.lib.unc.edu/ncc/vacationland/index.html Variety Vacationland Postcard Exhibit] Naala idi Pebrero 28, 2011.</ref> * [[Rip Van Winkle]] State * [[Land of the Sky]] * First in Flight State (agdama nga inus-usar kadagiti [[Dagiti plata ti panagrehistro ti karro ti North Carolina|plata ti lisensia]]) |- | {{wagayway|North Dakota}} | * [[Richardson's ground squirrel|Flickertail]] State * '''[[International Peace Garden|Peace Garden]] State''' (agdama nga inus-usar kadagiti [[Dagiti plata ti panagrehistro ti karro ti North Dakota|plata ti lisensia]]) * [[Rough Riders|Rough Rider]] State * [[Sioux]] State |- | {{wagayway|Ohio}} | * '''[[Ohio Buckeye|Buckeye]] State'''<ref name=PopikSmoky /> * Birthplace of Aviation<ref name=OH>{{cite web |url=http://www.enquirer.com/editions/2003/06/14/loc_ohioflight14.html |title=It's official: Ohio IS the birthplace of aviation |accessdate=2007-04-06 |date=2003-06-14 |publisher=The Cincinnati Enquirer }}{{Natay a silpo|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> (agdama nga inus-usar kadagiti [[Dagiti plata ti panagrehistro ti karro ti Ohio|plata ti lisensia]]) * Mother of Modern Presidents *The Heart Of It All<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eJfQouwIMNgC&lpg=PP1&pg=PA293#v=onepage&q&f=false | title=Mr. E. 2003: Manifest Lessons from Ohio's Bicentennial Celebration | publisher=iUniverse | author=Elkins, Keith A. | year=2011 | pages=293}}</ref> (formerly inus-usar kadagiti [[Dagiti plata ti panagrehistro ti karro ti Ohio|plata ti lisensia]]) |- | {{wagayway|Oklahoma}} | *Native America (agdama nga inus-usar kadagiti [[Dagiti plata ti panagrehistro ti karro ti Oklahoma|plata ti lisensia]]) * Land of the Red Man * '''[[Sooners|Sooner]] State'''<ref>{{cite news | first= | last= |authorlink= | title=Nicknames: America's 50 States (Fourth of Four Parts) | date=2008-01-26 | publisher=VOA Special English program | url =http://www.voanews.com/specialenglish/archive/2008-01/2008-01-16-voa3.cfm | work =Voice of America | pages = | accessdate = 2009-01-04 | language =}}</ref> <!-- though "official" is the wrong word in this case --><!-- though "official" is the wrong word in this case --> |- | {{wagayway|Oregon}} | * '''[[American beaver|Beaver]] State''' * Union State * Pacific Wonderland (dati nga inus-usar kadagiti [[Dagiti plata ti panagrehistro ti karro ti Oregon|plata ti lisensia]] ken agdama a magun-od iti manayonan iti bayad a plata)<ref name=OR>{{cite web |url=http://www.plateshack.com/oregon/oregon3.html |title=Oregon's license plate from 1960 to circa 1966 |accessdate=2007-07-12 |publisher=Plate Shack}}</ref> * Sunset State * Webfoot State<ref name=nie /> |- | {{wagayway|Pennsylvania}} | * [[Liberty Bell]] State * Independence State * '''[[Keystone (architecture)|Keystone]] State''' (dati nga inus-usar kadagiti [[Dagiti plata ti panagrehistro ti karro ti Pennsylvania|plata ti lisensia]])<ref name=PopikSmoky /> * [[Religious Society of Friends|Quaker]] State * Toll Booth State<ref name="Daniel B. Klein, and John Majewski">{{cite web|title=Turnpikes and Toll Roads in Nineteenth Century America|url=http://eh.net/encyclopedia/article/klein.majewski.turnpikes|accessdate=8 Nobiembre 2012|archive-date=2018-12-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224225234/http://eh.net/encyclopedia/article/klein.majewski.turnpikes|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | {{wagayway|Puerto Rico}} | * '''Isla del Encanto''' ("Island of Enchantment") (agdama nga inus-usar kadagiti [[Dagiti plata ti panagrehistro ti karro ti Puerto Rico|plata ti lisensia]]) * Borinquen (nagan nga inted babaen dagiti indehenio a tatao, dagiti tattao a Taino)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.yale.edu/ynhti/curriculum/units/1998/3/98.03.04.x.html |title=98.03.04: The Taínos of Puerto Rico: Rediscovering Borinquen |publisher=Yale.edu |date= |accessdate=2013-05-24}}</ref> * The Shining Star of the Caribbean * Progress Island<ref>Progress Island U.S.A.</ref> |- | {{wagayway|Rhode Island}} | * Little Rhody<ref name=PopikSmoky /> * '''Ocean State''' (agdama nga inus-usar kadagiti [[Dagiti plata ti panagrehistro ti karro ti Rhode Island|plata ti lisensia]]) |- | {{wagayway|South Carolina}} | * '''[[Sabal palmetto|Palmetto State]]'''<ref name=PopikSmoky /> * Sandlapper State * [[Iodine]] Products State (saanen a maus-usar)<ref name=SC>{{cite web |url=http://www.scencyclopedia.com/iodine.htm |title=Iodine |accessdate=2007-04-06 |date=2007-04-14 |publisher=South Carolina Encyclopedia |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060519125741/http://www.scencyclopedia.com/iodine.htm |archivedate=2006-05-19 |access-date=2011-12-20 |archive-date=2006-05-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060519125741/http://www.scencyclopedia.com/iodine.htm }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060519125741/http://www.scencyclopedia.com/iodine.htm |date=2006-05-19 }}</ref> (dati nga inus-usar kadagiti [[Dagiti plata ti panagrehistro ti karro ti South Carolina|plata ti lisensia]]) |- | {{wagayway|South Dakota}} | * [[Artesian aquifer|Artesian]] State<ref name=SHG-SD /> * [[Blizzard]] State<ref name=SHG-SD /> * [[Coyote]] State<ref name="SHG-SD">[http://www.shgresources.com/sd/symbols/names/ South Dakota Symbols, State Names] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130616172203/http://www.shgresources.com/sd/symbols/names/ |date=2013-06-16 }}, SHG Resources website, accessed Hulio 7, 2008</ref> * Land of Infinite Variety * '''The [[Mount Rushmore]] State'''<ref>{{cite web|url= http://legis.state.sd.us/statutes/DisplayStatute.aspx?Type=Statute&Statute=1-6-16.5|title= South Dakota Laws 1-6-16.5|accessdate= Nobiembre 4, 2013|archive-date= 2013-11-05|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131105050718/http://legis.state.sd.us/statutes/DisplayStatute.aspx?Type=Statute&Statute=1-6-16.5|url-status= dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105050718/http://legis.state.sd.us/statutes/DisplayStatute.aspx?Type=Statute&Statute=1-6-16.5 |date=2013-11-05 }}</ref> (officially adopted in 1980 in place of the former nickname of Sunshine State)<ref name=SHG-SD /> * Sunshine State<ref name=SHG-SD /> |- | {{wagayway|Tennessee}} | * Big Bend State (mangibagbaga iti [[Karayan Tennessee]])<ref name="TNbluebook">[http://www.state.tn.us/sos/bluebook/07-08/46-Symbols%20&%20Honors.pdf Tennessee Symbols and Honors], iti Tennessee Blue Book</ref> * Butternut State (refers to the tan color of the uniforms worn by Tennessee soldiers in the [[American Civil War]])<ref name=TNbluebook /> * Hog and [[Hominy]] State<ref name=TNbluebook /> * The Mother of Southwestern Statesmen<ref name=TNbluebook /> * '''Volunteer State'''<ref name=TNbluebook /> (agdama nga inus-usar kadagiti [[Dagiti plata ti panagrehistro ti karro ti Tennessee|plata ti lisensia]]) |- | {{wagayway|Texas}} | * Friendship State<ref name="ELT">{{cite news | url=http://www.enchantedlearning.com/usa/states/texas/ | title=Texas:Facts, Map, and State Symbols | work=EnchantedLearing.com | accessdate=2008-03-09}}</ref> * '''Lone Star State'''<ref name=PopikSmoky /><ref name="ELT" /> (agdama nga inus-usar kadagiti [[Dagiti plata ti panagrehistro ti karro ti Texas|plata ti lisensia]]) * Chili State |- | {{wagayway|Utah}} | * '''Beehive State''' * [[Mormon]] State<ref name=mormon>{{cite web | url = http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/ut_intro.htm | title = NetState: Utah | accessdate = 2008-03-24 | archive-date = 2018-12-24 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181224225238/http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/ut_intro.htm%20 | url-status = dead }}</ref> * Friendly State (formerly inus-usar kadagiti [[Dagiti plata ti panagrehistro ti karro ti Utah|plata ti lisensia]])<ref>{{cite web | title = State it on a plate — Over the years, slogans, designs have taken some poetic license | publisher = Deseret News | url = http://www.deseretnews.com/article/1,5143,660210998,00.html?pg=1 | access-date = 2011-12-20 | archive-date = 2009-08-22 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090822222036/http://www.deseretnews.com/article/1,5143,660210998,00.html?pg=1 | url-status = dead }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090822222036/http://www.deseretnews.com/article/1,5143,660210998,00.html?pg=1 |date=2009-08-22 }}</ref> |- | {{wagayway|Vermont}} | * '''Green Mountain State'''<ref name=PopikSmoky /> (agdama nga inus-usar kadagiti [[Dagiti plata ti panagrehistro ti karro ti Vermont|plata ti lisensia]]) |- | {{wagayway|Virginia}} | * Mother of Presidents<ref name=nie /> * Mother of States<ref name=nie /> * '''The Old Dominion'''<ref name=PopikSmoky /> * The Commonwealth |- | {{wagayway|Washington}} | * '''Evergreen State'''<ref name="WA">{{cite web | title = Symbols of Washington State | publisher = Washington State Legislature | url = http://www.leg.wa.gov/Symbols/Pages/default.aspx | accessdate =2012-08-16}}</ref> (agdama nga inus-usar kadagiti [[Dagiti plata ti panagrehistro ti karro ti Washington|plata ti lisensia]]) * Apple State |- | {{wagayway|West Virginia}} | * '''Mountain State''' (dati nga inus-usar kadagiti [[Dagiti plata ti panagrehistro ti karro ti West Virginia|plata ti lisensia]]) * Almost Heaven * Panhandle State<ref name=nie /> |- | {{wagayway|Wisconsin}}<br />(Awan ti opisial a birngas)<ref name="WI BB">"[http://legis.wisconsin.gov/lrb/bb/05bb/965-970.pdf Wisconsin State Symbols] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004224939/http://legis.wisconsin.gov/lrb/bb/05bb/965-970.pdf |date=2013-10-04 }}" in ''Wisconsin Blue Book 2005–2006'', p. 966. Wisconsin has no Official nickname.</ref> | * Cheese State * [[American badger|Badger]] State<ref name=nie>{{Cite NIE|wstitle=States, Popular Names of}}</ref> * America's Dairyland<ref>{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=PRqCCp3svlwC&pg=PA5#v=onepage&q&f=false |page= 5 |title= Wisconsin: It's my state! |first1= Margaret |last1= Dornfeld |first2= Richard |last2= Hantula |publisher= Marshall Cavendish |year= 2010 |isbn= 978-1-60870-062-2}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=E9bt2QhyFIsC |title= Names and Nicknames of Places and Things |publisher= Penguin Group USA |first= Laurence |last= Urdang |year= 1988 |isbn= 978-0-452-00907-3 |page= 8 |quote="America's Dairyland" A nickname of Wisconsin}}</ref> (Adda pay iti plata ti lisensia manipud iti linteg ti estado idi 1939)<ref name="WI BB" /> * The Copper State (historikal)<ref>{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=fVoYAAAAIAAJ |title= Nicknames and sobriquets of U.S. cities, States, and counties |first= Joseph Nathan |last= Kane |first2= Gerard L. |last2= Alexander |publisher= Scarecrow Press |year= 1979 |page= 412 |isbn= 978-0-8108-1255-0 |quote= Wisconsin – America's Dairyland, The Badger State … The Copper State …}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=iCEl1sqlZLQC&pg=PA10#v=onepage&q&f=false |title= Wisconsin Encyclopedia, American Guide |first= Jennifer L. |last= Herman |publisher= North American Book Dist LLC |year= 2008 |page= 10 |isbn= 978-1-878592-61-3 |quote= Nicknames Wisconsin is generally known as The Badger State, or America's Dairyland, although in the past it has been nicknamed The Copper State.}}</ref> |- | {{wagayway|Wyoming}} | * Cowboy State * '''Equality State''' * Park State * Like No Place On Earth * Forever West (Adda kadagiti senial ti panagpasangbay iti kalsada) |} == Dagiti nagibasaran == {{Reflist}} [[Kategoria:Estados Unidos]] kqaoiqricg0ogsfvakpxqwlvtirnras 0 10711 406184 403974 2026-07-24T19:02:04Z InternetArchiveBot 14943 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 406184 wikitext text/x-wiki Amin dagiti 50 nga estado ti [[Estados Unidos]] nga addaan kadagiti napili a pagsasao, ken para iti [[Washington, D.C.|Distrito ti Columbia]] ken dagiti tallo a teritorio ti Estados Unidos. ==Dagiti napili a pagsasao iti estado ken teritorio== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- bgcolor="#CCCCCC" !width=4%|Estado !width=11%|Napili a pagsasao !class="unsortable" width=9%|Patarus iti Ingles !width=3%|Pagsasao !width=2%|Petsa !class="unsortable" width=1%|Dagiti nagibasaran |- |{{wagayway|Alabama}} |''[[Audemus jura nostra defendere]]'' |We dare defend our rights |[[Pagsasao a Latin|Latin]] |{{dts|1923}} |align="center"|<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.archives.state.al.us/emblems/st_motto.html |title=Official Alabama Motto |accessdate=2009-02-06 |date=Pebrero 13, 2008 |work=Alabama Emblems, Symbols and Honors |publisher=Alabama Department of Archives & History |access-date=2011-12-20 |archive-date=2018-12-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224225002/http://www.archives.state.al.us/emblems/st_motto.html%20 |url-status=dead }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224225002/http://www.archives.state.al.us/emblems/st_motto.html%20 |date=2018-12-24 }}</ref> |- |{{wagayway|Alaska}} |[[North to the future]] |— |[[Pagsasao nga Ingles|Ingles]] |{{dts|1967}} |align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.commerce.state.ak.us/oed/student_info/student.htm|title=State Symbols|publisher=State of Alaska|accessdate=2009-02-07}}</ref> |- |{{wagayway|American Samoa}} |''Samoa, Muamua Le Atua'' |Samoa, let God be first |[[Pagsasao a Samoano|Samoano]] |{{dts|1973}} |align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://americansamoa.gov/history/samhist_forweb.pdf|title=The Samoan Historical Calendar, 1607-2007|last=Sorensen|first=Stan|last2=Theroux|first2=Joseph|page=57|publisher=American Samoa Government|format=PDF|accessdate=2009-03-07|access-date=2011-12-20|archive-date=2009-03-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090325111039/http://americansamoa.gov/history/samhist_forweb.pdf|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090325111039/http://americansamoa.gov/history/samhist_forweb.pdf |date=2009-03-25 }}</ref> |- |{{wagayway|Arizona}} |''[[Ditat Deus]]'' |God enriches |[[Pagsasao a Latin|Latin]] |{{dts|1863}} |align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://az.gov/webapp/portal/displaycontent.jsp?id=1963|title=Arizona State Seal|publisher=State of Arizona|accessdate=2009-02-07|access-date=2011-12-20|archive-date=2022-06-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220606035506/https://az.gov/?id=1963|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090610051218/http://az.gov/webapp/portal/displaycontent.jsp?id=1963 |date=2009-06-10 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.azsos.gov/Info/state_seal/history.htm|title=History of the Arizona State Seal|publisher=Arizona Secretary of State|accessdate=2009-02-10|access-date=2011-12-20|archive-date=2018-12-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224225040/https://azsos.gov/Info/state_seal/history.htm|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224225040/https://azsos.gov/Info/state_seal/history.htm |date=2018-12-24 }}</ref> |- |{{wagayway|Arkansas}} |''[[Regnat populus]]'' |The people rule |[[Pagsasao a Latin|Latin]] |{{dts|1907}} |align="center"|<ref name=AR>{{cite web|url=http://www.soskids.arkansas.gov/civics_curriculum/4th_Grade/Lesson-4-3/4-3-Att1-Great-Seal.pdf|title=The Great Seal of Arkansas|publisher=State of Arkansas|format=PDF|accessdate=2009-02-14|archive-date=2018-12-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224224941/https://www.sos.arkansas.gov/education|url-status=dead}}</ref>{{#tag:ref|Ti napili a pagsasao ket kasisigud a naidesignado a kas ''Regnant populi'' in 1864. Daytoy ket nabaliwan iti ''Regnat populus'' idi 1907.<ref name=AR/>|group=N}} |- |{{wagayway|California}} |''[[Eureka (balikas)|Eureka]]'' (Εὕρηκα) |I have found it |[[Pagsasao a Griego|Griego]] |{{dts|1849}}<!--1849 on seal, 1963 official--> |align="center"|<ref name=CA>{{cite web|url=http://www.library.ca.gov/history/symbols.html#Heading11|title=History and Culture - State Symbols|publisher=State of California|accessdate=2009-02-07|access-date=2011-12-20|archive-date=2019-01-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190105214315/http://www.library.ca.gov/california-history/state-symbols/#Heading11|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190105214315/http://www.library.ca.gov/california-history/state-symbols/#Heading11 |date=2019-01-05 }}</ref>{{#tag:ref|''Eureka'' immuna a nagparang iti selio ti estado idi 1849. Napabalin nga opisial a napili a pagsasao idi 1963.<ref name=CA/>|group=N}} |- |{{wagayway|Colorado}} |''[[Nil sine numine]]'' |Nothing without the Deity |[[Pagsasao a Latin|Latin]] |{{dts|1861|11|5}} |align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.colorado.gov/dpa/doit/archives/history/symbemb.htm|title=Colorado State Archives Symbols & Emblems|publisher=State of Colorado|accessdate=2009-02-07|archive-date=2019-01-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107145753/https://www.colorado.gov/archives|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |{{wagayway|Connecticut}} |''[[Qui transtulit sustinet]]'' |He who transplanted sustains |[[Pagsasao a Latin|Latin]] |{{dts|1662|10|9}} |align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ct.gov/sots/cwp/view.asp?a=3188&q=392608|title=Sites, Seals & Symbols|date=Hunio 9, 2008|publisher=State of Connecticut|accessdate=2009-02-14|archive-date=2017-08-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170810210543/http://www.ct.gov/sots/cwp/view.asp?a=3188&q=392608|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |{{wagayway|Delaware}} |[[Liberty and Independence]] |— |[[Pagsasao nga Ingles|Ingles]] |{{dts|1847}} |align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://portal.delaware.gov/delfacts/gov.shtml|title=Delaware Facts and Symbols|date=14 Agosto 2008|publisher=State of Delaware|accessdate=2009-02-07|archive-date=2018-12-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224224942/http://portal.delaware.gov/delfacts/gov.shtml|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |{{wagayway|District of Columbia}} |''Justitia Omnibus'' |Justice for All |[[Pagsasao a Latin|Latin]] |{{dts|1871|8|3}} |align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://about.dc.gov/about.asp?portal_link=hr|title=About DC|publisher=District of Columbia|accessdate=2009-02-07}}</ref> |- |{{wagayway|Florida}} |[[In God We Trust]] |— |[[Pagsasao nga Ingles|Ingles]] |{{dts|1868}}<!--1868 on seal, 2006 official--> |align="center"|<ref name=FL>Shearer 30</ref>{{#tag:ref|Ti "In God We Trust" ket immuna a nagparang iti selio ti estado idi 1868. Naipabalin nga opisial a napili a pagsasao idi 2006.<ref name=FL/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://myflorida.custhelp.com/cgi-bin/myflorida.cfg/php/enduser/std_adp.php?p_faqid=682&p_created=1028703600&p_sid=9zkHj3Ri&p_lva=695&p_sp=cF9zcmNoPTEmcF9zb3J0X2J5PSZwX2dyaWRzb3J0PSZwX3Jvd19jbnQ9MSZwX3Byb2RzPTAmcF9jYXRzPTAmcF9wdj0mcF9jdj0mcF9wYWdlPTEmcF9zZWFyY2hfdGV4dD1tb3R0bw**&p_li=&p_topview=1|title=What is the state motto of Florida?|publisher=State of Florida|accessdate=2009-02-07|access-date=2011-12-20|archive-date=2012-07-19|archive-url=https://archive.is/20120719143552/http://myflorida.custhelp.com/cgi-bin/myflorida.cfg/php/enduser/std_adp.php?p_faqid=682&p_created=1028703600&p_sid=9zkHj3Ri&p_lva=695&p_sp=cF9zcmNoPTEmcF9zb3J0X2J5PSZwX2dyaWRzb3J0PSZwX3Jvd19jbnQ9MSZwX3Byb2RzPTAmcF9jYXRzPTAmcF9wdj0mcF9jdj0mcF9wYWdlPTEmcF9zZWFyY2hfdGV4dD1tb3R0bw**&p_li=&p_topview=1|url-status=dead}}</ref>|group=N}} |- |{{wagayway|Georgia (Estado iti Estados Unidos)|name=Georgia}} |Wisdom, justice, and moderation |— |[[Pagsasao nga Ingles|Ingles]] |{{dts|1798}} |align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sos.georgia.gov/archives/state_symbols/state_seal.html|title=State Seal|publisher=State of Georgia|accessdate=2009-02-14|access-date=2011-12-20|archive-date=2012-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120304115314/http://sos.georgia.gov/archives/state_symbols/state_seal.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sos.georgia.gov/archives/state_symbols/state_symbols.html|title=Georgia State Symbols|publisher=State of Georgia|accessdate=2009-04-10|archive-date=2012-11-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121130190056/http://sos.georgia.gov/archives/state_symbols/state_symbols.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |{{wagayway|Guam}} |— |— |— |— |align="center"|<ref name=GU>Shearer 24</ref> |- |{{wagayway|Hawaii}} |''[[Selio ti Hawaii#Desinio ti napili a pagsasao|Ua mau ke ea o ka {{okina}}āina i ka pono]]'' |The life of the land is perpetuated in righteousness. |[[Pagsasao a Hawayano|Hawayano]] |{{dts|1843|7|31}} |align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hawaii.gov/dbedt/info/economic/library/facts/state|title=Hawaii, the Aloha State|date=Enero 14, 2009 |publisher=State of Hawaii|accessdate=2009-03-02}}</ref><ref name=HI>{{cite web|url=http://www.netstate.com/states/mottoes/hi_motto.htm|title=Hawaii State Motto|publisher=NETSTATE.COM|accessdate=2009-02-15|archive-date=2018-12-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224224937/http://www.netstate.com/states/mottoes/hi_motto.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>{{#tag:ref|Ti napili a pagsasao ti Hawaii ket immuna nga inusar babaen ni Ari [[Kamehameha III]] idi 1843, kalpasan ti pannakaisublina. Idi Mayo 1845 daytoy ket immuna a nagparang iti eskudo ti [[Pagarian ti Hawaii]]. Daytoy ket naaramid a kas opisial a napili a pagsasao ti Estado ti Hawaii idi Mayo 1, 1959.<ref name=HI/>|group=N}} |- |{{wagayway|Idaho}} |''[[Esto perpetua]]'' |Let it be perpetual |[[Pagsasao a Latin|Latin]] |{{dts|1890}} |align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.idahohistory.net/Reference%20Series/0134.pdf|title=Idaho's State Motto|date=March 1970|publisher=Idaho State Historical Society|format=PDF|accessdate=2009-02-07|archive-date=2018-12-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224224901/http://www.idahohistory.net/Reference%20Series/0134.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |{{wagayway|Illinois}} |State sovereignty, national union |— |[[Pagsasao nga Ingles|Ingles]] |{{dts|1819}} |align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sos.state.il.us/general/seal.html|title=Seal of the State of Illinois|publisher=State of Illinois|accessdate=2009-02-15}}</ref> |- |{{wagayway|Indiana}} |The Crossroads of America |— |[[Pagsasao nga Ingles|Ingles]] |{{dts|1937}} |align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.in.gov/history/files/Emblems.pdf|title=Emblems|publisher=State of Indiana|format=PDF|accessdate=2009-02-07|access-date=2011-12-20|archive-date=2011-09-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110915153347/http://www.in.gov/history/files/Emblems.pdf|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110915153347/http://www.in.gov/history/files/Emblems.pdf |date=2011-09-15 }}</ref> |- |{{wagayway|Iowa}} |Our liberties we prize and our rights we will maintain |— |[[Pagsasao nga Ingles|Ingles]] |{{dts|1847}} |align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.legis.state.ia.us/Pubinfo/StateSymbols/|title=Iowa State Symbols|publisher=State of Iowa|accessdate=2009-02-07|archive-date=2018-12-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224225009/https://www.legis.iowa.gov/Pubinfo/StateSymbols/|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |{{wagayway|Kansas}} |''[[Per aspera ad astra|Ad astra per aspera]]'' |To the stars through difficulties |[[Pagsasao a Latin|Latin]] |{{dts|1861}} |align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.governor.ks.gov/Facts/kansasseal.htm|title=Kansas Seal|publisher=State of Kansas|accessdate=2009-02-07|access-date=2011-12-20|archive-date=2018-12-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224224917/https://governor.kansas.gov/Facts/kansasseal.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |{{wagayway|Kentucky}} |[[United we stand, divided we fall]]<br />''Deo gratiam habeamus'' |<br />Let us be grateful to God |[[Pagsasao nga Ingles|Ingles]]<br />[[Pagsasao a Latin|Latin]] |{{dts|1942}}<br />2002 |align="center"|<ref name="KY">{{cite web|url=http://kdla.ky.gov/resources/KYSymbols.htm|title=Kentucky's State Symbols|date=2008-01-29|publisher=Commonwealth of Kentucky|accessdate=2009-02-07|archive-date=2006-11-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061130030521/http://www.kdla.ky.gov/resources/KYSymbols.htm|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061130030521/http://www.kdla.ky.gov/resources/KYSymbols.htm |date=2006-11-30 }}</ref> |- |{{wagayway|Louisiana}} |Union, justice, confidence |— |[[Pagsasao nga Ingles|Ingles]] |{{dts|1902}} |align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://louisiana.gov/Explore/Kids_Page/|title=Kids' Page|publisher=State of Louisiana|accessdate=2009-02-07|access-date=2011-12-20|archive-date=2018-12-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224225031/http://louisiana.gov/Explore/Kids_Page/|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224225031/http://louisiana.gov/Explore/Kids_Page/ |date=2018-12-24 }}</ref> |- |{{wagayway|Maine}} |''[[Dirigo]]'' |I lead |[[Pagsasao a Latin|Latin]] |{{dts|1820}} |align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.maine.gov/legis/senate/statehouse/symbols/Emblems.htm|title=Emblems|publisher=State of Maine|accessdate=2009-02-07}}</ref> |- |{{wagayway|Maryland}} |''[[Fatti maschii, parole femine]]'' |Manly deeds, womanly words |[[Pagsasao nga Italiano|Italiano]] |{{dts|1874}} |align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.msa.md.gov/msa/mdmanual/01glance/html/symbols/reverse.html|title=Maryland State Seal - Great Seal of Maryland (reverse)|date=Abril 21, 2005|work=Maryland State Archives|publisher=State of Maryland|accessdate=2009-02-14|archive-date=2018-12-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224225042/https://msa.maryland.gov/msa/mdmanual/01glance/html/symbols/reverse.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.msa.md.gov/msa/mdmanual/01glance/html/symbols/seal.html|title=Maryland State Seal - Great Seal of Maryland|date=Hunio 17, 2004|work=Maryland State Archives|publisher=State of Maryland|accessdate=2009-02-14}}</ref> |- |{{wagayway|Massachusetts}} |''[[Ense petit placidam sub libertate quietem]]'' |By the sword we seek peace, but peace only under liberty |[[Pagsasao a Latin|Latin]] |{{dts|1775}} |align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sec.state.ma.us/cis/cismaf/mf1a.htm|title=Massachusetts Facts|publisher=Commonwealth of Massachusetts|accessdate=2009-02-10}}</ref> |- |{{wagayway|Michigan}} |''[[Si quaeris peninsulam amoenam circumspice]]'' |If you seek a pleasant peninsula, look around you |[[Pagsasao a Latin|Latin]] |{{dts|1835|6|2}} |align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.michigan.gov/som/0,1607,7-192-29938-22823--,00.html|title=History of the Great Seal|publisher=State of Michigan|accessdate=2009-02-14}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=State Motto|url=http://www.michigan.gov/som/0,1607,7-192-29938_30245-2606--,00.html|publisher=State of Michigan|accessdate=22 Agosto 2010}}</ref> |- |{{wagayway|Minnesota}} |''L'étoile du Nord'' |The star of the North |[[Pagsasao a Frances|Frances]] |{{dts|1861}} |align="center"|<ref name=MN>{{cite web|url=http://www.leg.state.mn.us/leg/Symbols.asp|title=Minnesota State Symbols|publisher=State of Minnesota|accessdate=2009-03-02}}</ref>{{#tag:ref|The unofficial motto of the [[Minnesota Territory]] was ''Quae sursum volo videre'', I long to see what is beyond, chosen in 1849.<ref name=MN/>|group=N}} |- |{{wagayway|Mississippi}} |''[[Virtute et armis]]'' |By valor and arms |[[Pagsasao a Latin|Latin]] |{{dts|1894|2|7}} |align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ms.gov/symbols.jsp|title=State of Mississippi Symbols|publisher=State of Mississippi|accessdate=2009-02-10|access-date=2011-12-20|archive-date=2018-12-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224225024/https://www.ms.gov/symbols.jsp|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224225024/https://www.ms.gov/symbols.jsp |date=2018-12-24 }}</ref> |- |{{wagayway|Missouri}} |''[[Salus populi suprema lex esto]]'' |Let the welfare of the people be the supreme law |[[Pagsasao a Latin|Latin]] |{{dts|1822|1|11}} |align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sos.mo.gov/symbols/symbols.asp?symbol=seal|title=The Great Seal of Missouri|publisher=State of Missouri|accessdate=2009-02-10}}</ref> |- |{{wagayway|Montana}} |''Oro y plata'' |Gold and silver |[[Pagsasao nga Espaniol|Espaniol]] |{{dts|1865|2|9}} |align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sos.mt.gov/About_Office/State_Seal.asp|title=About the State Seal|publisher=State of Montana|accessdate=2009-02-10|archive-date=2009-02-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090205161902/http://sos.mt.gov/About_Office/State_Seal.asp|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |{{wagayway|Nebraska}} |[[Equality before the law]] |— |[[Pagsasao nga Ingles|Ingles]] |{{dts|1867}} |align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sos.ne.gov/symbols/seal.html|title=State Seal|publisher=State of Nebraska|accessdate=2009-02-10}}</ref> |- |{{wagayway|Nevada}} |All For Our Country |— |[[Pagsasao nga Ingles|Ingles]] |{{dts|1866|2|24}} |align="center"|<ref name=NV>{{cite web|url=http://www.nv.gov/new_kidshomework.htm|title=Nevada Information|publisher=State of Nevada|format=PDF|accessdate=2009-02-10|access-date=2011-12-20|archive-date=2009-01-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090130152600/http://www.nv.gov/new_kidshomework.htm|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090130152600/http://www.nv.gov/new_kidshomework.htm |date=2009-01-30 }}</ref>{{#tag:ref|Ti saan nga opisial idi a napili a pagsasao ti [[Teritorio ti Nevada]] ket ''Volens et Potens'', Willing and Able, nga adda idi daytoy iti teritorial a selio a naaprobaran idi Nobiembre 29, 1861. Nasukatan iti agdama a napili a pagsasao idi naikappon a kas maysa nga estado.<ref name=NV/>|group=N}} |- |{{wagayway|New Hampshire}} |[[Live Free or Die]] |— |[[Pagsasao nga Ingles|Ingles]] |{{dts|1945}} |align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nh.gov/nhinfo/emblem.html|title=State Emblem|work=New Hampshire Almanac|publisher=State of New Hampshire|accessdate=2009-02-10}}</ref> |- |{{wagayway|New Jersey}} |Liberty and prosperity |— |[[Pagsasao nga Ingles|Ingles]] |{{dts|1928|3|26}} |align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.state.nj.us/state/home/seal.html|title=The Great Seal of the State of New Jersey |publisher=State of New Jersey|accessdate=2009-02-10}}</ref> |- |{{wagayway|New Mexico}} |''[[Crescit eundo]]'' |It grows as it goes |[[Pagsasao a Latin|Latin]] |{{dts|1887}} |align="center"|<ref name=NM>{{cite web|url=http://www.sos.state.nm.us/sos-seal.html|title=Great Seal of New Mexico|publisher=State of New Mexico|accessdate=2009-02-10|access-date=2011-12-20|archive-date=2018-12-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224224849/http://www.sos.state.nm.us/sos-seal.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>{{#tag:ref|Nainayon ti ''Crescit eundo'' iti teritorial a selio idi 1882. Daytoy a panagbaliw ket opisial a naampon babaen ti lehistura idi 1887.<ref name=NM/>|group=N}} |- |{{wagayway|New York}} |''[[:Wiktionary:excelsior|Excelsior]]'' |Ever upward |[[Pagsasao a Latin|Latin]] |{{dts|1778}} |align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nysl.nysed.gov/emblems/flag.htm|title=New York State Flag and Great Seal of the State of New York|date=Marso 31, 2008|publisher=State of New York|accessdate=2009-02-10|archive-date=2018-12-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224224902/http://www.nysl.nysed.gov/emblems/flag.htm|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224224902/http://www.nysl.nysed.gov/emblems/flag.htm |date=2018-12-24 }}</ref> |- |{{wagayway|North Carolina}} |''[[Esse quam videri]]'' |To be, rather than to seem |[[Pagsasao a Latin|Latin]] |{{dts|1893}} |align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://statelibrary.ncdcr.gov/NC/SYMBOLS/SYMBOLS.HTM#motto|title=The State Symbols|date=2009-01-22|work=State Library of North Carolina|publisher=State of North Carolina|accessdate=2009-02-07|access-date=2011-12-20|archive-date=2018-12-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224224927/https://www.ncpedia.org/symbols#motto|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224224927/https://www.ncpedia.org/symbols#motto |date=2018-12-24 }}</ref> |- |{{wagayway|North Dakota}} |[[Liberty and union, now and forever, one and inseparable]]<br />''Serit ut alteri saeclo prosit'' | <br />One sows for the benefit of another age |[[Pagsasao nga Ingles|Ingles]]<br />[[Pagsasao a Latin|Latin]] |{{dts|1889}}<br />Marso 11, 2011 |align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nd.gov/content.htm?parentCatID=75&id=State_Motto|title=State Motto|publisher=State of North Dakota|accessdate=2009-02-10}}{{Natay a silpo|date=September 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://legis.nd.gov/assembly/62-2011/documents/11-0638-03000.pdf|title=House Bill No. 1346|publisher=State of North Dakota|accessdate=2011-05-08}}</ref> |- |{{wagayway|Northern Mariana Islands}} |— |— |— |— |align="center"|<ref name=NMI>Shearer 23</ref> |- |{{wagayway|Ohio}} |[[With God, all things are possible]] |— |[[Pagsasao nga Ingles|Ingles]] |{{dts|1959|10|1}} |align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://codes.ohio.gov/orc/gp5.06|title=5.06 State motto.|work=LAW Writer Ohio Laws and Rules|publisher=State of Ohio|accessdate=2009-02-10}}</ref>{{#tag:ref|From 1866 to 1868, the motto ''Imperium in Imperio'' (Latin for "Empire within an Empire") appeared on the state seal.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://publications.ohiohistory.org/ohstemplate.cfm?action=detail&Page=0010392.html&StartPage=388&EndPage=394&volume=10|title=Great Seal of Ohio|work=Ohio History|publisher=Ohio Historical Society|accessdate=2011-04-10}}</ref>|group=N}} |- |{{wagayway|Oklahoma}} |''[[Labor omnia vincit]]'' |Labor conquers all things |[[Pagsasao a Latin|Latin]] |{{dts|1893|3|10}} |align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://digital.library.okstate.edu/encyclopedia/entries/S/ST020.html|title=State Emblems|last=Everett|first=Diana|work=Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture|publisher=Oklahoma Historical Society|accessdate=2009-06-05}}</ref>{{#tag:ref|''Labor omnia vincit'' was on the territorial seal of 1893.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://digital.library.okstate.edu/Chronicles/v035/v035p128.pdf|title=Grand Seal of the Territory of Oklahoma|work=Chronicles of Oklahoma|publisher=Oklahoma State University|accessdate=2009-06-05|archive-date=2013-05-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130520095946/http://digital.library.okstate.edu/Chronicles/v035/v035p128.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Daytoy ket naikeddeng idi akas maysa a langa ti selio iti Batay-linteg ti Estado idi 1907.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://digital.library.okstate.edu/Chronicles/v022/v022p458.pdf|title=History of Oklahoma Emblems|work=Chronicles of Oklahoma|publisher=Oklahoma State University|accessdate=2009-06-05}}</ref>|group=N}} |- |{{wagayway|Oregon}} |''[[Alis volat propriis]]'' |She flies with her own wings |[[Pagsasao a Latin|Latin]] |{{dts|1854}} |align="center"|<ref name=OR>{{cite web|url=http://www.leg.state.or.us/history/motto.htm|title=State Motto Timeline|publisher=State of Oregon|accessdate=2009-02-10|archive-date=2007-08-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070810103500/http://www.leg.state.or.us/history/motto.htm|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070810103500/http://www.leg.state.or.us/history/motto.htm |date=2007-08-10 }}</ref>{{#tag:ref|Ti dati a napili a pagsasao ti Oregon ket "The Union" manipud idi 1957 aginggana idi 1987, idi naipasubli ti kasisigud a napili a pagsasao iti ''[[Alis volat propriis]]'' idi 1854.<ref name=OR/>|group=N}} |- |{{wagayway|Pennsylvania}} |[[Virtue, liberty, and independence|Virtue, Liberty, and Independence]] |— |[[Pagsasao nga Ingles|Ingles]] |{{dts|1875}} |align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.phmc.state.pa.us/bah/pahist/symbols.asp?secid=31|title=Symbols|work=Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission|publisher=Commonwealth of Pennsylvania|accessdate=2009-02-10|archive-date=2009-01-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090122180951/http://www.phmc.state.pa.us/bah/pahist/symbols.asp?secid=31|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090122180951/http://www.phmc.state.pa.us/bah/pahist/symbols.asp?secid=31 |date=2009-01-22 }}</ref> |- |{{wagayway|Puerto Rico}} |''Joannes Est Nomen Ejus'' |[[John the Baptist|John]] is his name |[[Pagsasao a Latin|Latin]] |{{dts|1511}} |align="center"|<ref name=PR>{{cite web|url=http://www2.pr.gov/SobrePuertoRico/SimbolosNacionales/Pages/Escudo.aspx|title=Escudo de Puerto Rico|publisher=Government of Puerto Rico|language=Espaniol|accessdate=2011-04-10|access-date=2011-12-20|archive-date=2018-12-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224225037/http://www2.pr.gov/SobrePuertoRico/SimbolosNacionales/Pages/Escudo.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.topuertorico.org/descrip.shtml|title=Description|date=Marso 16, 2009|publisher=Welcome to Puerto Rico|accessdate=2009-04-10}}</ref>{{#tag:ref|Inted ti Balangat ti Espaniol ti Puerto Rico ti bukodna nga eskudo idi 1511. Opisial nga inampon ti Mankomunidad ti Puerto Rico idi Marso 9, 1905.<ref name=PR/>|group=N}} |- |{{wagayway|Rhode Island}} |[[Seal of Rhode Island|Hope]] |— |[[Pagsasao nga Ingles|Ingles]] |{{dts|1644}}<ref>Dagiti nota ni Howard M. Chapin ket naipablaak iti "Illustrations Of The Seals, Arms And Flags Of Rhode Island," (Rhode Island Historical Society, Providence: 1930) pg 4-5.</ref> ken babaen ti General Assembly idi Mayo 4, 1664 |align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ri.gov/facts/factsfigures.php|title=State Symbols|publisher=State of Rhode Island|accessdate=2009-02-10}}</ref> |- |{{wagayway|South Carolina}} |''[[Dum spiro spero]]'' <br /> ''[[Animis opibusque parati]]'' |While I breathe, I hope <br /> Ready in soul and resource |[[Pagsasao a Latin|Latin]] |{{dts|1777|5|22}} |align="center"|<ref name=SC>{{cite web|url=http://www.scstatehouse.gov/studentpage/coolstuff/seal.shtml|title=Seals, Flags, House & Senate Emblems|publisher=State of South Carolina|accessdate=2009-04-10}}</ref> |- |{{wagayway|South Dakota}} |Under God the people rule |— |[[Pagsasao nga Ingles|Ingles]] |{{dts|1885}} |align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.state.sd.us/state/sdsym.htm|title=Signs and Symbols of South Dakota|publisher=State of South Dakota|accessdate=2009-02-10|archive-date=2008-02-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080220004837/http://www.state.sd.us/state/sdsym.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |{{wagayway|Tennessee}} |Agriculture and Commerce |— |[[Pagsasao nga Ingles|Ingles]] |{{dts|1802|5|24}} |align="center"|<ref name=TN>{{cite web|url=http://www.state.tn.us/sos/bluebook/07-08/46-Symbols%20&%20Honors.pdf|title=Tennessee Symbols And Honors|work=Tennessee Blue Book|publisher=State of Tennessee|format=PDF|accessdate=2009-02-10}}</ref>{{#tag:ref|Dagiti balikas ti "Agriculture" and "Commerce" ket nagparang iti immuna a selio ti estado idi 1802. Ti "Agriculture and Commerce" ket inaramid nga opisial a napili a pagsasao ti estado idi 1987.<ref name=TN/>|group=N}} |- |{{wagayway|Texas}} |[[Friendship]] |— |[[Pagsasao nga Ingles|Ingles]] |{{dts|1930}} |align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tsl.state.tx.us/ref/abouttx/symbols.html|title=Texas State Symbols|publisher=Texas State Library|accessdate=2009-02-10|archive-date=2018-12-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224225022/https://www.tsl.texas.gov/ref/abouttx/symbols.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |{{wagayway|Utah}} |[[:wikt:industry|Industry]] |— |[[Pagsasao nga Ingles|Ingles]] |{{dts|1896|5|3}} |align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.utah.gov/capitolbuilding/greatseal.html|title=Great Seal of the State of Utah|publisher=State of Utah|accessdate=2009-04-05|access-date=2011-12-20|archive-date=2009-03-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090331121812/http://www.utah.gov/capitolbuilding/greatseal.html|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090331121812/http://www.utah.gov/capitolbuilding/greatseal.html |date=2009-03-31 }}</ref>{{#tag:ref|Ti "Industry" ket immuna a nagparang iti selio ti estado idi 1896. Daytoy ket naikeddeng a kas opisial a napili a pagsasao idi Marso 4, 1959.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pioneer.utah.gov/research/utah_symbols/motto.html|title=Utah State Motto and Emblem|publisher=State of Utah|accessdate=2009-02-07|access-date=2011-12-20|archive-date=2018-12-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224225049/https://onlinelibrary.utah.gov/research/utah_symbols/motto.html|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224225049/https://onlinelibrary.utah.gov/research/utah_symbols/motto.html |date=2018-12-24 }}</ref>|group=N}} |- |{{wagayway|Vermont}} |[[Freedom and Unity]] |— |[[Pagsasao nga Ingles|Ingles]] |{{dts|1779|2|20}} |align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.leg.state.vt.us/statutes/fullsection.cfm?Title=01&Chapter=011&Section=00491|title=491. Coat of arms; crest; motto and badge|work=The Vermont Statutes Online|publisher=State of Vermont|accessdate=2009-02-10}}</ref> |- | {{wagayway|Virginia}} | ''[[Sic semper tyrannis]]'' | Thus always to tyrants | [[Pagsasao a Latin|Latin]] | {{dts|1776}} |align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.virginia.org/site/features.asp?FeatureID=138|title=State Symbols, Seals and Emblems|date=Nobiembre 12, 2008|publisher=Commonwealth of Virginia|accessdate=2009-02-10|access-date=2011-12-20|archive-date=2018-12-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224225053/https://www.virginia.org/PageNotFound?item=%2fsite%2ffeatures&user=extranet%5cAnonymous&site=website|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224225053/https://www.virginia.org/PageNotFound?item=%2fsite%2ffeatures&user=extranet%5cAnonymous&site=website |date=2018-12-24 }}</ref> |- |{{wagayway|U.S. Virgin Islands|name=Virgin Islands}} |United in Pride and Hope |— |[[Pagsasao nga Ingles|Ingles]] |{{dts|1991|1|1}} |align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.legvi.org/LEGVI2007/history.htm#seal|title=Legislative Seal|publisher=Legislature of the Virgin Islands|accessdate=2009-02-15|access-date=2011-12-20|archive-date=2008-12-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081216024507/http://www.legvi.org/LEGVI2007/history.htm#seal|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |{{wagayway|Washington}} |''Al-ki'' |By and by |[[Chinook Jargon]] |— |align="center"|<ref name=WA>{{cite web|title=Symbols of Washington State|publisher=Washington State Legislature|url=http://www1.leg.wa.gov/Legislature/StateSymbols/|accessdate=2007-03-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070305110012/http://www1.leg.wa.gov/Legislature/StateSymbols/|archivedate=2007-03-05|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070305110012/http://www1.leg.wa.gov/Legislature/StateSymbols/ |date=2007-03-05 }}</ref>{{#tag:ref|Ti napili a pagsasao ti Washington ket ti kaikaisuna a napno a saan nga opisial. Daytoy ket saan nga adda iti selio wenno inkeddeng babaen ti lehislatura ti estado.|group=N}} |- |{{wagayway|West Virginia}} |''[[Montani semper liberi]]'' |Mountaineers are always free |[[Pagsasao a Latin|Latin]] |{{dts|1863|9|26}} |align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.legis.state.wv.us/Educational/Kids_Page/5.html|title=State Seal of West Virginia|publisher=State of West Virginia|accessdate=2009-02-14|archive-date=2018-12-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224225027/http://www.wvlegislature.gov/Educational/Kids_Page/5.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |{{wagayway|Wisconsin}} |Forward |— |[[Pagsasao nga Ingles|Ingles]] |{{dts|1851}} |align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.legis.wisconsin.gov/lrb/bb/07bb/pdf/961-966.pdf|title=Wisconsin State Symbols|work=Wisconsin Blue Book|publisher=State of Wisconsin|format=PDF|accessdate=2009-02-14|archive-date=2018-12-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224225016/http://legis.wisconsin.gov/lrb/bb/07bb/pdf/961-966.pdf|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224225016/http://legis.wisconsin.gov/lrb/bb/07bb/pdf/961-966.pdf |date=2018-12-24 }}</ref> |- |{{wagayway|Wyoming}} |Equal Rights |— |[[Pagsasao nga Ingles|Ingles]] |{{dts|1893}} |align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://vote.wyoming.gov/SecretaryDesk/SD-GreatSeal.aspx|title=Great Seal|publisher=Wyoming Secretary of State's Office|accessdate=2009-02-14}}</ref> |} __NOTOC__ ==Dagiti paammo== {{reflist|group=N}} ==Dagiti nagibasaran== {{Reflist}} *{{cite book|last=Shearer|first=Benjamin F.|author2=Shearer, Barbara S.|title=State Names, Seals, Flags, and Symbols|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|date=2002|edition=3|isbn=9780313315343|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=nCA0UuGlJG8C|accessdate=2009-02-15}} [[Kategoria:Estados Unidos]] ju53mdkbpgzwhmlp3m8ffoffnljgo6g 0 27008 406182 397395 2026-07-24T16:23:51Z InternetArchiveBot 14943 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 406182 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Papeles:Cheese market Basel.jpg|thumb|Ti paglakuan ti keso idiay Basel, [[Suisa]]]] Ti '''keso''' ket makan a nagtaud manipud iti gatas a napataud kadagiti adu a sakup dagiti nanam, dagiti linabag, ken dagiti porma babaen ti panagtitibnok ti protina ti gatas a makunkuna iti [[kaseina]]. Daytoy ket buklen dagiti protina ken taba manipud iti [[gatas]], ken kadawyan a gatas daytoy dagiti [[baka]], [[nuang]], dagiti [[kalding]], wenno [[karnero]]. Iti las-ud ti panagpataud, ti gatas ket kadawyan a maasipikado, ken ti panagnayon ti ensima ti [[rennet]] ket isu ti pagibanagan ti panagtitibnok. Dagiti solidoket mailasin ken maitalmeg iti kanungpalan a porma.<ref>{{cite web|title=Fankhauser's Cheese Page|first=David B.|last=Fankhauser|year=2007|accessdate=2007-09-23|url=http://biology.clc.uc.edu/fankhauser/Cheese/CHEESE.HTML|archive-date=2007-09-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070925001225/http://biology.clc.uc.edu/Fankhauser/Cheese/CHEESE.HTML|url-status=dead}}</ref> Adda met dagiti keso nga addaan kadagiti [[buot]] iti rabaw wenno amin-amin. Kaaduan kadagiti keso ket matunaw iti temperatura ti panagluto. Adda met dagiti ginasut a mapataud a [[Listaan dagiti keso|kita ti keso]] manipud kadagiti nadumaduma a pagilian. Dagiti estiloda, linabag ken dagiti nanam depende iti tinaudan ti gatas (mairaman ti kinnan ti ayup), nupay dagitoy ket [[Pasteurisasion|pasteurisado]], ti linaon a [[taba ti mantekilia]], ti bakteria ken buot, ti proseso, ken panagkataeb. Dagiti [[yerba]], dagiti [[rekado]], wenno [[panagsuob (panagluto)|suob ti tarikayo]] ket mabalin a mausar a kas dagiti ahente ti pananginanam. Ti duyaw aginggana ti nalabbasit a maris dagiti adu a keso, a kas ti [[Red Leicester]], ket mapataud babaen ti panagnayon ti [[atsuete]]. Para kadagiti dadduma met a keso, thi gatas ket maitibnok babaen ti panagnayon kadagiti [[asido]] a kas ti [[suka]] wenno [[limon|tubbog ti limon]]. Kaduan kadagiti keso ket naasipikado bassit babaen ti bakteria, a pagtungpalan ti panagbaliw kadagiti [[laktosa|asukar ti gatas]] iti [[laktiko nga asido]], kalpasanna ti panagnayon ti rennet ket mangkompleto ti panagtibnok. Mabalin met a magun-od ti [[Begetarianismo|begeteriano]] a panagsukat ti rennet; kaaduan kadagitoy ket napataud babaen ti panagbinubod ti ''Mucor miehei'' a [[fungus]], ngem dagiti dadduma met ket naiyaon manipud kadagiti nadumaduma a sebbangan ti ''[[Cynara]]''. == Dagiti nota == {{Reflist}} == Dagiti nagibasaran == {{refbegin}} * {{cite book|last=Ensrud|first=Barbara|title=The Pocket Guide to Cheese|year=1981|isbn=0-7018-1483-7|publisher=Lansdowne Press|location=Sydney}} * {{cite book|last=Jenkins|first=Steven|title=Cheese Primer|publisher=Workman Publishing Company|year=1996|isbn=0-89480-762-5}} * {{cite book|last=McGee|first=Harold|title=On Food and Cooking|edition=Revised|publisher=Scribner|year=2004|isbn=0-684-80001-2|pages=51–63|chapter=Cheese}} * {{cite web|first=James|last=Mellgren|year=2003|url=http://www.gourmetretailer.com/gourmetretailer/magazine/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1911696|title=2003 Specialty Cheese Manual, Part II: Knowing the Family of Cheese|accessdate=2005-10-12}} {{refend}} == Dagiti akinruar a silpo == * {{commons-nailinia|Cheese|Keso}} * [http://biology.clc.uc.edu/fankhauser/Cheese/Cheese_course/Cheese_course.htm Nailustrado a Panagaramid ti Keso] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130129100326/http://biology.clc.uc.edu/fankhauser/cheese/cheese_course/cheese_course.htm |date=2013-01-29 }} {{iti sao|en}} * [http://www.cheese.com/ Cheese.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191012051904/https://cheese.com/ |date=2019-10-12 }} – mangiraman kadagiti adu a batayan a datos dagiti nadumaduma a kita ti keso. {{iti sao|en}} * [http://www.dairyscience.info/cheese-manufacture/114-classification-of-cheese-type.html Pannakaidasig ti keso] {{iti sao|en}} [[Kategoria:Keso| ]] [[Kategoria:Dagiti produkto ti paggatasan]] fezaz2461azlnikfshyqcjaj1soao8u 4 81669 406181 406000 2026-07-24T12:24:42Z MediaWiki message delivery 6184 /* Request for comment (the future of Abstract Wikipedia) */ baro a seksion 406181 wikitext text/x-wiki == Feminism and Folklore 2026 starts soon == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]] ::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div> ;Invitation to Organize Feminism and Folklore 2026 Dear Wiki Community, We are pleased to invite Wikimedia communities, affiliates, and independent contributors to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026]]''' writing competition on your local Wikipedia. The international campaign will run from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and aims to improve coverage of feminism, women’s histories, gender-related topics, and folk culture across Wikipedia projects. ;About the Campaign '''Feminism and Folklore''' is a global writing initiative that complements the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2026|Wiki Loves Folklore]]''' photography competition. While Wiki Loves Folklore focuses on visual documentation, this writing campaign addresses the '''gender gap on Wikipedia''' by improving encyclopedic content related to folk culture and marginalized voices. ;What Can Participants Write About? Communities can contribute by creating, expanding, or translating articles related to: * Folk festivals, rituals, and celebrations * Folk dances, music, and traditional performances * Women and queer figures in folklore * Women in mythology and oral traditions * Women warriors, witches, and witch-hunting narratives * Fairy tales, folk stories, and legends * Folk games, sports, and cultural practices Participants may work from curated article lists or generate new article suggestions using campaign tools. ;How to Sign Up as an Organizer Organizers are requested to complete the following steps to register their community: # Create a local project page on your wiki [[:m:Feminism and Folklore/Sample|(see sample)]] # Set up the campaign using the '''CampWiz''' tool # Prepare a local article list and clearly mention: #* Campaign timeline #* Local and international prizes # Request a site notice from local administrators [[:mr:Template:SN-FNF|(see sample)]] # Add your local project page and CampWiz link to the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta project page]]''' ;Campaign Tools The Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced tools to support organizers and participants: * '''Article List Generator by Topic''' – Helps identify articles available on English Wikipedia but missing in your local language Wikipedia. The tool allows customized filters and provides downloadable article lists in CSV and wikitable formats. * '''CampWiz''' – Enables communities to manage writing campaigns effectively, including jury-based evaluation. This will be the third year CampWiz is officially used for Feminism and Folklore. Both tools are now available for use in the campaign. '''[https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ Click here to access the tools]''' ;Learn More & Get Support For detailed information about rules, timelines, and prizes, please visit the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 project page]]'''. If you have any questions or need assistance, feel free to reach out via: * '''[[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta talk page]]''' * Email us using details on the contact page. ;Join Us We look forward to your collaboration and coordination in making Feminism and Folklore 2026 a meaningful and impactful campaign for closing gender gaps and enriching folk culture content on Wikipedia. Thank you and best wishes, '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 International Team]]''' ---- ''Stay connected:'' [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&nbsp; [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] </div></div> == Invitation to Host Wiki Loves Folklore 2026 in Your Country == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div> [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]] Hello everyone, We are delighted to invite Wikimedia affiliates, user groups, and community organizations worldwide to participate in '''Wiki Loves Folklore 2026''', an international initiative dedicated to documenting and celebrating folk culture across the globe. ;About Wiki Loves Folklore '''Wiki Loves Folklore''' is an annual international photography competition hosted on Wikimedia Commons. The campaign runs from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and encourages photographers, cultural enthusiasts, and community members to contribute photographs that highlight: * Folk traditions and rituals * Cultural festivals and celebrations * Traditional attire and crafts * Performing arts, music, and dance * Everyday practices rooted in folk heritage Through this campaign, we aim to preserve and promote diverse folk cultures and make them freely accessible to the world. [[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026|Project page on Wikimedia Commons]] ; Host a Local Edition As we celebrate the '''eight edition''' of Wiki Loves Folklore, we warmly invite communities to organize a local edition in their country or region. Hosting a local campaign is a great opportunity to: * Increase visibility of your region’s folk culture * Engage new contributors in your community * Enrich Wikimedia Commons with high-quality cultural content '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026/Organize|Sign up to organize]]:''' If your team prefers to organize the competition in ''either February or March only'', please feel free to let us know. If you are unable to organize, we encourage you to share this opportunity with other interested groups or organizations in your region. ;Get in Touch If you have any questions, need support, or would like to explore collaboration opportunities, please feel free to contact us via: * The project Talk pages * Email: '''support@wikilovesfolklore.org''' We are also happy to connect via an online meeting if your team would like to discuss planning or coordination in more detail. Warm regards, '''The Wiki Loves Folklore International Team''' </div> [[Agar-aramat:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Agar-aramat tungtungan:MediaWiki message delivery|tungtungan]]) 13:21, 18 Enero 2026 (UTC) <!-- Mensahe nga inpatulod babaen ni Agar-aramat:Tiven2240@metawiki a nagusar iti listaan ti https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=29228188 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Annual review of the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> I am writing to you to let you know the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines is open now. You can make suggestions for changes through 9 February 2026. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2026|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]]. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]])<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> 21:01, 19 Enero 2026 (UTC) <!-- Mensahe nga inpatulod babaen ni Agar-aramat:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki a nagusar iti listaan ti https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29905753 --> == Join the sixth Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia 2026.png|right|250px|thumb|link=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ukraine%27s_Cultural_Diplomacy_Month_2026|Join our campaign!]] {{int:please-translate}} Dear Wikipedians! [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the sixth edition of writing challenge "'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''", which lasts from '''1st April''' until '''30th April 2026'''. The initiative aims to promote knowledge about Ukrainian culture abroad by creating and improving Wikipedia articles in multiple languages. This year marks the sixth edition of the campaign, which will focus on contemporary culture, making today’s artistic voices and practices more visible to international audiences. 🧩'''How to participate?''' Choose an article from the suggested list → Write an article in your language, or improve an existing one according to the rules → Add your contribution to the contest page and calculate your points → Win prizes and receive a certificate of participation → Become a promoter of truthful knowledge about Ukraine. 🧩'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Check our main page for more information]]'''. '''If you are interested in coordinating long-term community engagement for the campaign and becoming a local ambassador, we would love to hear from you! Please let us know your interest.''' If not, then we encourage you to translate the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|landing page of the contest]] and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MessageGroupStats?group=Centralnotice-tgroup-UCDM2026banner&messages=&language=en&x=D banner] into your own language. Also, we set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in this challenge! [[:m:User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|talk]]) 04:35, 1 April 2026 (UTC) </div> <!-- Mensahe nga inpatulod babaen ni Agar-aramat:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)@metawiki a nagusar iti listaan ti https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:OlesiaLukaniuk_(WMUA)/list_of_wikis&oldid=28552112 --> == Request for comment (global AI policy) == <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Apologies for writing in English. {{int:Please-translate}} A [[:m:Requests for comment/Artificial intelligence policy|request for comment]] is currently being held to decide on a global AI policy. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[Agar-aramat:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Agar-aramat tungtungan:MediaWiki message delivery|tungtungan]]) 00:57, 26 Abril 2026 (UTC) </bdi> <!-- Mensahe nga inpatulod babaen ni Agar-aramat:Codename Noreste@metawiki a nagusar iti listaan ti https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30424282 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Vote now in the 2026 U4C election</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Eligible voters are asked to participate in the 2026 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] election. More information–including an eligibility check, voting process information, candidate information, and a link to the vote–are available on Meta at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|2026 Election information page]]. The vote closes on 2 June 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1780358400 00:00 UTC]. Please vote if your account is eligible. Results will be available by 14 June 2026. -- In cooperation with the U4C,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 17:14, 27 Mayo 2026 (UTC) <!-- Mensahe nga inpatulod babaen ni Agar-aramat:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki a nagusar iti listaan ti https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30513860 --> == RFC about AI-generated content in Wikimedia Commons == <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English, please help translate this message to your language. You are invited to participate in a [[c:Commons:Requests for comment/Policy update for AI content|request for comment on Wikimedia Commons about a policy update for AI content]]. This may affect files that are uploaded to Wikimedia Commons for use on this project. Thank you. [[m:User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[m:User talk:Codename Noreste|tungtungan]])</bdi> 17:11, 23 Hunio 2026 (UTC) <!-- Mensahe nga inpatulod babaen ni Agar-aramat:Codename Noreste@metawiki a nagusar iti listaan ti https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30513860 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Deployment of Legal and Safety Contacts Link in the Footer of Your Wiki</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="Message"/> '''Legal & Safety Contacts''' Hello community, the Wikimedia Foundation has provided a [[wmf:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Wikimedia Foundation Legal and Safety Contact Information|single legal and safety contact page]], to be linked in the footer of your wiki, to ensure access to accurate legal information. This is a regulatory requirement. We have already rolled out links to English, German, Italian, Spanish and other wikis and we will deploy to your wiki soon. 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Ti disertasionna ket napauluan iti "Optimization of vehicle deployment iti transportasion publiko: Dagiti modelo, dagiti pamay-an ken dagiti praktikal nga aplikasion," ket inmaton ni [[Leena Suhl]].{{r|diss}} Isu ket nagtultuloy idiay Paderborn a kas maysa a junior a propesor aginggana idi immakar iti agdama a puestona idiay Nawaya nga Unibersidad ti Berlin idi 2009.{{r|wiwiss|upb50}} ==Dagiti Reperensia== <references> <ref name=chair>{{citation|url=https://www.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/en/fachbereich/bwl/pwo/kliewer/index.html|title=Chair of Information Systems - Prof. Dr. N. Kliewer|date=5 October 2009 |publisher=Free University of Berlin|access-date=2024-02-25}}</ref> <ref name=diss>{{citation|title=Optimierung des Fahrzeugeinsatzes im öffentlichen Personennahverkehr : Modelle, Methoden und praktische Anwendungen|first=Natalia|last=Kliewer|year=2005|type=Doctoral dissertation|publisher=Paderborn University|url=https://digital.ub.uni-paderborn.de/hsmig/content/titleinfo/3686|language=de|access-date=2026-04-23|archive-date=2026-04-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260426054017/https://digital.ub.uni-paderborn.de/hsmig/content/titleinfo/3686|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name=upb50>{{citation|title=A moment with...Professor Natalia Kliewer|work=50 Years UPB|publisher=University of Paderborn|url=https://upb50.de/femmes/prof-dr-natalia-kliewer/?lang=en|access-date=2024-02-25}}</ref> <ref name=wiwiss>{{citation|url=https://www.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/fachbereich/bwl/pwo/kliewer/team/professorinnen/kliewer-natalia/index.html|title=Prof. Dr. Natalia Kliewer|work=Team|date=13 October 2009 |publisher=Free University of Berlin School of Business & Economics|access-date=2024-02-25|language=de}}</ref> </references> ==Dagiti silpo iti ruar== *{{Google Scholar id|JaG78wIAAAAJ}} {{Authority control|state=collapsed}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kliewer, Natalia}} [[Kategoria:Tawen ti pannakayanak a nayaw-awan (sibibiag a tattao)]]. [[Kategoria:Sibibiag a tattao]]. [[Kategoria:Dagiti managsirarak ti operasion]]. [[Kategoria:Dagiti sientista ti Kirgistan]]. [[Kategoria:Kyrgyzstani a babbai a sientista]]. [[Kategoria:Dagiti Aleman a sientista ti kompiuter]]. [[Kategoria:Dagiti Aleman a babbai a sientista ti kompiuter]]. [[Kategoria:Alumni ti Teknikal nga Unibersidad ti Kirgistan]]. [[Kategoria:Alumni ti Unibersidad ti Münster]]. [[Kategoria:Alumni ti Unibersidad ti Paderborn]]. [[Kategoria:Akademiko nga tauhan ti Unibersidad ti Paderborn]]. [[Kategoria:Akademiko nga tauhan ti Nawaya nga Unibersidad ti Berlin]]. f95xwdb9r88qfvnry93n3gz6ta5akva