Listaan dagiti naturay nga estado

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    <title>Listaan dagiti naturay nga estado</title>
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      <text bytes="124371" sha1="lz8wk32pmcng0k6wkqaojb9r5r1095o" xml:space="preserve">Daytoy ket '''listaan dagiti naturay nga estado''' nga agit-ited ti pannakabuklan dagiti [[Naturay nga estado|estado]] ti lawlaw ti [[lubong]] nga adda dagiti pakaammo ti kasasaad ken pannakabigbig ti [[pannakaturay]]da.

Dagytoy a listaan ket adda dagiti 207 a naikabil. Dagiti estado ket nabingbingay nga inus-usar ti dua a pamay-an:
# Ti ''pannakaikameng iti uneg ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian a sistema'' ti aray ket bingayenna dagiti estado iti dua a kategoria: dagiti 193 a [[Dagiti naikameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa  Pagpagilian|naikameng nga estado]] ken maysa nga [[Sapasap nga Asemblia dagiti Agpalpaliiw ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian|agpalpaliiw nga estado]] iti [[Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian]],&lt;ref name=&quot;unms&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Dagiti Naikameng nga Estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian|url=http://www.un.org/en/members/index.shtml|publisher=Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian|accessdate=30 Agosto 2010|date=3 Hulio 2006}}&lt;/ref&gt; ken dagiti daduma pay a 13 nga estado.
# Ti ''naisuppiatan a pannakaturay'' nga aray ket bingayenna dagiti estado iti dua a kategoria: dagiti 17 nga estado a ti kinaturayda ket naisuppiatan ken dagiti dadduma pay a 190 nga estado

== Listaan dagiti estado ==
{| class=&quot;sortable wikitable&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;background:white; text-align:left; font-size:95%; border-collapse:collapse; border:0 solid #aaa;&quot;
|-
!width=35%|Ababa ken dagiti pormal a nagan
! style=&quot;width:12.5%;&quot;|Ti pannakaikameng ti kaunegan ti [[Sistema ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian]] {{#tag:ref|Daytoy nga aray ket mangitudo no ti maysa nga estado ket kameng ti [[Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.un.org/en/members/index.shtml Inpablaak ti midia ORG/1469] (3 Hulio 2006), naala idi 28 Pebrero 2011)&lt;/ref&gt; Daytoy ket manginagan pay no ania kadagiti saan a naikameng nga estado ket makibingbinglay iti [[Sistema ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian]] babaen ti pannakaikameng iti [[Ahensia ti Internasional nga Atomiko nga Enerhia]] wenno maysa kadagiti [[Listaan dagiti naipangpangruna nga ahensia ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian|naipangpangruna nga ahensia ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian]]. Amin dagiti kameng ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian ket tagikua ti maysa a naipangpangruna nga ahensia ken kappon ti alagaden iti [[Internasional a Korte ti Hustisia]].|group=&quot;Nota&quot;}}
! style=&quot;width:12.5%;&quot;|Pannakaturay a suppiat {{#tag:ref|Daytoy nga aray ket mangitudo no ti maysa nga estado ket suheto iti maysa a nangruna a pannakasuppiat ti kinaturay. Dagiti laeng estado a ti amin a pannakaturayda ket naisuppiatan babaen ti sabali nga estado ti nailista. Dagiti bassit laeng a pannakasuppitan ket naisalaysay idiay Adu pay a Pakaammo.. aray.|group=&quot;Nota&quot;}}
!class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Dagiti adu pay a pakaammo iti kasasaad ken pannakabigbig iti pannakaturay {{#tag:ref|Ti pakaammo ket nairaman dagiti:
* ti gay-at ti sangalubongan a pannakabigbig ti turay ti estado. Dagiti adu pay a pakaammo ket mabirukan idiay [[Listaan dagiti estado nga adda ti patingga a panakabigbigan]],
* pannakaikameng idiay [[Kappon ti Europa]],&lt;ref name=EU group=&quot;Nota&quot; /&gt; no maipakat,
* ti ania man a [[Agkamkammatalek a teritorio#Pakabuklan babaen ti pagilian|dagiti ballasiw taaw nga agkamkammatalek]], no maipakat, a sapasap a saan a paset iti teritorio ti naturay nga estado,
* [[Pederasion|pederal a patakder]] ti estado, no maipakat. Dagiti adu pay a pakaammo ket mabirukan idiay [[Pederado nga estado]],
* ti ania man a [[Listaan dagiti autonomo a lugar babaen ti pagilia|autonomo a luglugar]] ti uneg ti teritorio ti naturay nga estado,
* ti ania man a kasasaad no ti maysa a tao ket Daulo ti Estado ti ad-adu ngem maysa nga estado,
* ti ania man a kangrunaan a [[Listaan dagiti naisuppiatan a teritorio|naisuppiatan a teritorio]],
* ti ania man a [[Naipapanaw a gobierno|gobierno a naipapanaw]] a mabigbigan babaen ti maysa nga estado.|group=&quot;Nota&quot;}}
|- style=&quot;background:Darkgrey;&quot;
|align=center|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A AAA&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A AAA&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A AAA&lt;/span&gt;
|
|- style=&quot;background:Lightgrey;&quot; class=&quot;sortbottom&quot;
|align=center|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZ&lt;/span&gt;↓ [[Dagiti kameng nga estdo ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian|dagiti kameng nga estado ti N.P.]] wenno [[Sapasap nga Asemblia dagiti Agpalpaliiw ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian|agpalpaliiw nga estado]] ↓
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A AAA&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZ&lt;/span&gt;
|
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZ&lt;/span&gt;Abkhazia → [[#Abkhazia|Abkhazia]]
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;Awan&lt;/span&gt;
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Apganistán}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Islamiko a Republika ti Apganistan
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; [[Dagiti kameng nga estdo ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian|Kameng nga estado ti N.P.]]
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Albania}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republika ti Albania
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Arhelia}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Demokratiko a Republika ti Tattao ti Arhelia
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Andorra}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Prinsipalidad ti Andorra
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}Ti Andorra ket maysa a [[Diarchy|kumadduaan a prisipalidad]] a ti opisina ti daulo ti estado ti kumaduaan a tinengtengngel ti ''ex officio'' babaen ti [[Presidente iti Pransia|Pranses a presidente]] ken ti obispo ti Romano Katoliko a mitra iti [[Romano Katoliko a Mitra iti Urgell|Urgell]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/country_profiles/992562.stm#leaders |title=Bariweswes ti pagilian ti Andorra |publisher=BBC News |accessdate=8 Nobiembre 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; nga isu ket naidutok babaen ti [[Santa Sede|Batikano]].
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Angola}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republika ti Angola
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Antigua ken Barbuda}}'''
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}Ti Antigua ken Barbuda ket maysa a [[Mankomunidad a pagturayan]]&lt;ref name=realm group=&quot;Nota&quot;&gt;Dagiti mankomunidad a pagturayan ket kamkameng iti [[Mankomunidad ti Pagpagilian]] a ti daulo ti estado ket ni Reyna [[Elizabeth II]]. Dagitoy a pagturayan ket naturayda nga estado; kitaen ti [[Mankomunidad a pagturayan#Panakaikabagian dagiti pagturayan|Panakaibagian dagiti Pagturayan]].&lt;/ref&gt; nga adda ti 1 nga autonomo a rehion, ti [[Barbuda]].&lt;ref name=autonomous group=&quot;Nota&quot;&gt;Para kadagiti adu pay a pakaammo iti pannakabingbingay nga adda ti nangato a grado ti pannakaturay, kitaen ti [[Listaan dagiti autonomo a lugar babaen ti pagilian]].&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 | author = Gobierno ti Antigua ken Barbuda
 | title = Kapitulio 44: Ti Tignay ti Lokal a Gobierno ti Barbuda
 | work = Dagiti linteg ti Antigua ken Barbuda
 | url = http://www.laws.gov.ag/acts/chapters/cap-44.pdf
 | accessdate = 2010-11-10
 | archive-date = 2011-07-06
 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110706071022/http://www.laws.gov.ag/acts/chapters/cap-44.pdf
 | url-status = dead
 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706071022/http://www.laws.gov.ag/acts/chapters/cap-44.pdf |date=2011-07-06 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Arhentina}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Arhentino a Republika &lt;ref group=&quot;Nota&quot;&gt;Ti Batay-linteg ti Arhentina (Art. 35) ket bigbigenna dagiti sumaganad a denominasion ti Arhentina: &quot;Dagiti Nagkaykaysa a Probinsia iti Río de la Plata&quot;, &quot;Arhentino a Republika&quot; ken &quot;Arhentino a Kompederasion&quot;; ti maipatinayon, ipatakderna ti panagusar iti &quot;Arhentino a Pagilian&quot; para kadagiti kapanggepan ti lehislasion.&lt;/ref&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}Ti Arhentina ket maysa a [[pederasion]] dagiti [[Dagiti Probinsia iti Arhentina|23 probinsia ken 1 ng autonomo a siudad]]. Ti Arhentina ket mangitunton ti [[pannakaturay a suppiat ti Is-isla ti Falkland|Is-isla ti Falkland]] ken [[pannakaturay a suppiata ti Abagatan a Georgia ken Abagatan nga Is-isla ti Sandwich|Abagatan a Georgia ken ti Abagatan nga Is-isla ti Sandwich]], nga inadministro baaben ti [[#Nagkaykaysa a Pagarian|Nagkaykaysa a Pagarian]].&lt;ref name=dis&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2070.html |title=Dagiti suppiatan – Internasional |publisher=CIA World Factbook |accessdate=8 Nobiembre 2011 |archive-date=2011-05-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514215411/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2070.html |url-status=dead }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514215411/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2070.html |date=2011-05-14 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ti Arhentina ket mangitunton ti [[Ahentino nga Antartika]] a kas paset ti nailian a teritoriona, opisial a departamento ti probinsia ti [[Tierra del Fuego Province (Arhentina)|Tierra del Fuego, Antartika, ken Is-isla ti Abagatan nga Atlantiko]], a maituon ti panakaitunton ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagarian ken Chile.&lt;ref name=ANT group=&quot;Nota&quot;&gt;Ti kontinente iti [[Antartika]], a mairaman dagiti isla a naisanglad ti abagatan ti 60°S, ket tinegtengngel babaen kadagiti alagaden iti [[Sistema ti Antartiko a Tulagan]. Babaen ti daytoy a tulagan, dagiti panagtunton ti teritorio ket saan a mabigbigan wenno maisuppiatan. Dagiti mangitunton a pagilian ket ti Arhentina, Australia, Chile, Pransia, Baro a Selada, Norwega, ken ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagarian, a dagiti amin ket nangidulim ti Ahentina ken Chile a mabigbigan ti tunggal maysa a mangitunton.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=&lt;nowiki&gt;Gobierno iti Estados Unidos, Kongreso, Opisina iti Teknolohia a Panagusig&lt;/nowiki&gt;|title=Dagiti Polar a prospeto: ti minarales a tulagan para iti Antartika|page=43|publisher=Pagmalditan nga Opisina ti Estados Unidos|year=1989|isbn=978-1-4289-2232-7}} &quot;Ti Napagtulagan a pannakabigbigan ti panagitunton ket naipatingga ti Australia, Pransia, Baro a Selanda, Norwega, ken ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagarian … ti Chile ken Arhentina ket saan a mangbigbig ti panagitunton ti tungngal maysa ...&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Armenia}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republika ti Armenia
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
| style=&quot;background:LightCoral;&quot;|Saan a mabigbigan babaen ti [[#Pakistan|Pakistan]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.foreignaffairscommittee.org/includes/content_files/Report%2021%20-%20Visit%20to%20Azerbaijan.pdf Pakistan Worldview – Reporta 21 – Panagbisita idiay Azerbaijan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090219074354/http://www.foreignaffairscommittee.org/includes/content_files/Report%2021%20-%20Visit%20to%20Azerbaijan.pdf |date=2009-02-19 }} Senado ti Pakistan&amp;nbsp;— Komite ti Ganganaet a Pannakibiang ti Senado, 2008&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.today.az/news/politics/30102.html Nilufer Bakhtiyar: &quot;Para iti Azerbaijan Pakistan ket saanna a bigbigan ti Armenia a kas maysa a pagilian&quot;] 13 Septiembre 2006 [14:03] – Today.Az&lt;/ref&gt;
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Australia}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Mankomunidad ti Australia
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}Ti Australia ket maysa a [[Mankomunidad a pagturayan]]&lt;ref name=realm group=&quot;Nota&quot; /&gt; ken maysa a [[pederasion]] dagiti [[Dagiti estado ken teritorio iti Australia|6 nga estado ken 10 a teritorio]]. Dagiti akin-ruar a teritorio ti Australia ket:
* {{noflag|[[Is-isla ti Ashmore ken Cartier]]}}
* {{noflag|[[Antartiko a Teritorio ti Australia]]}} &lt;ref name=ANT group=&quot;Nota&quot; /&gt;
* {{wagayway|Isla ti Paskua}}
* {{wagayway|Is-isla ti Cocos (Keeling)}}
* {{noflag|[[Teritorio ti Is-isla ti Baybay Koral]]}}
* {{noflag|[[Isla ti Heard ken Is-isla ti McDonald]]}}
* {{wagayway|Isla ti Norfolk}}
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Austria}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republika ti Austria
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}Kameng iti KE.{{#tag:ref|Dagiti kameng nga estado iti [[Kappon ti Europa]] ket nagisubli ti paset ti teritorioda ti porma ti lehislatibo, ehekutibo, ken hustisia a kabilegan ti instituto iti KE, a daytoy ket kas pagarigan ti [[supranationalismo]]. Ti KE ket adda dagiti 27 a naikameng nga estado.&lt;ref&gt;[http://europa.eu/abc/european_countries/eu_members/index_en.htm Europa], naala idi 28 Pebrero 2011&lt;/ref&gt;|name=EU|group=&quot;Nota&quot;}} Ti Austria maysa a [[pederasion]] dagiti [[Dagiti estado iti Austria|9 nga estado]] (Bundesländer).
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZ&lt;/span&gt;Azawad → [[#Azawad|Azawad]]
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;Awan&lt;/span&gt;
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Azerbaijan}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republika ti Azerbaijan
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}Ti Azerbaijan ket aglaon kadagiti 2 nga autonomo a rehion, ti [[Nakhchivan]] ken [[Nagorno-Karabakh]] (''Dağlıq Qarabağ'').&lt;ref name=autonomous group=&quot;Nota&quot; /&gt; In Nagorno-Karabakh, [[#Nagorno-Karabakh|maysa a de facto nga estado]] ket naipabangonen.
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Bahamas}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Mankomunidad ti Bahamas
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}Ti Bahamas ket maysa a [[Mankomunidad a pagturayan]].&lt;ref name=realm group=&quot;Nota&quot; /&gt;
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Bahrain}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Pagarian ti Bahrain
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Bangladesh}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republika ti Tattao iti Banglades
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Barbados}}'''
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}Ti Barbados ket maysa a [[Mankomunidad a pagturayan]].&lt;ref name=realm group=&quot;Nota&quot; /&gt;
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Belarus}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republika ti Bieloruso
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Belgá}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Pagarian ti Belhika
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}Kameng iti KE.&lt;ref name=EU group=&quot;Nota&quot; /&gt; Ti Belhika ket maysa a [[pederasion]] a nabingbinagay kadagiti [[Dagiti komunidad, rehion ken dagiti pagsasao a lugar ti Belhika|lingguistiko a komunidad a rehion]].
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Belize}}'''
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}Ti Belis ket maysa a [[Mankomunidad a pagturayan]].&lt;ref name=realm group=&quot;Nota&quot; /&gt;
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Benin}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republika ti Benin &lt;ref group=&quot;Nota&quot;&gt;Dati a makunkuna a kas ti [[Dahomey]], ti opisial a naganna manipud idi 1975.&lt;/ref&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Bhutan}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Pagarian ti Bhutan
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Bolivia}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Plurinasional nga Estado ti Bolivia
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Bosnia ken Herzegovina}}'''
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}Ti Bosnia ken Herzegovina ket maysa a pederasion iti 2 kontituensia a pas-paset: ti [[Pederasion iti Bosnia kenHerzegovina]] ken ti [[Republika Srpska]].&lt;ref group=&quot;Nota&quot;&gt;Par kadagiti adu pay a pakaammo a maipangngep ti pannakabingbingay iti Bosnia ken Herzegovina, kitaen ti [[Dayton a Tulagan]] ken ti teksto ti [http://www.ohr.int/dpa/default.asp?content_id=380 Ti Sapasap nga Alagaden a Tulagan para iti Kappia idiay Bosnia ken Herzegovina] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150604163946/http://www.ohr.int/dpa/default.asp?content_id=380 |date=2015-06-04 }} (14 Disiembre 1995). Opisina ti nangato a Represantatibo. Naala idi 28 Pebrero 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Botswana}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republika ti Botswana
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Brasil}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Pederatibo a Republika ti Brasil
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}Ti Brasil ket maysa a [[pederasion]] kadagiti [[Dagiti estado iti Brasil|26 nga estado ken 1 a pederal a distrito]].
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Brunei}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Estado ti Brunei, Pagtaengan ti Kappia
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}Ti Brunei ket mangitunton ti paset ti [[Is-isla ti Spratly]].&lt;ref name=Spratly group=&quot;Nota&quot;&gt;Ti pannakaturay ti [[Is-isla ti Spratly ]] ket suppiaten babaen ti [[Republika dagiti Tattao iti Tsina]], ti [[Republika ti Tsina]], [[Bietnam]], ken babaen ti Brunei, [[#Malaysia|Malaysia]], ken ti [[#Filipinas|Filipinas]]. Malaksid para iti Brunei, tunggal maysa kadagitoy a pagilian ket sumaksakop ti paset iti daytoy nga isla (kitaen ti [[Listaan dagiti teritorio a naisuppiatan]]).&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Bulgaria}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republika ti Bulgaria
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}Kameng iti KE.&lt;ref name=EU group=&quot;Nota&quot; /&gt;
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Burkina Faso}}''' &lt;ref group=&quot;Nota&quot;&gt;Makunkuna pay a Burkina; dati a makunkuna a ti Akinngato a Volta, ti opisial a naganna manipud idi 1984.&lt;/ref&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Burma}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republika ti Kappon iti Myanmar &lt;ref group=&quot;Nota&quot;&gt;Ti opisial nga ababa a porma a nagan ti Burma nag inus-usar babaen ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian ket &quot;Myanmar&quot;. Ti gobierno ket binaliwanna ti opisial nga Ingles a naganna ti &quot;Union of Myanmar&quot; iti &quot;Republic of the Union of Myanmar&quot; idi Oktubre 2010.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Adda baro a wagayway ti Myanmar, opisial a nagan, ken nailaina akanta|url=http://ca.reuters.com/article/topNews/idCATRE69K2HM20101021|publisher=Reuters|date=21 Oktubre 2010|accessdate=22 Oktubre 2010|archive-date=2011-04-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110427194356/http://ca.reuters.com/article/topNews/idCATRE69K2HM20101021|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110427194356/http://ca.reuters.com/article/topNews/idCATRE69K2HM20101021 |date=2011-04-27 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Burundi}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republika ti Burundi
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Cambodia}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Pagarian ti Cambodia
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Cameroon}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republika ti Kamerun
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Kanada}}''' &lt;ref group=&quot;Nota&quot;&gt;Ti legado a nagan para iti Kanada ket ti is-isu laeng a balikas; ket opisial ngem saan a maus-usar, ti nagan ket Dominion ti Kanada (nga isu daytoy ti legado a a titulona); kitaen ti: [[Nagan iti Kanada]], [[Dominio]].&lt;/ref&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}Ti Kanada ket maysa a [[Mankomunidad a pagturayan]]&lt;ref name=realm group=&quot;Nota&quot; /&gt; ken maysa a [[Kanadiano a pederalismo|pederasion]] kadagiti [[Dagiti probinsia ken teritorio iti Kanada|10 a probinsia ken 3 a teritorio]].
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Cape Verde}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republika ti Cabo Verde
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Central African Republic}}'''
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Chad}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republika ti Chad
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Chile}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republika ti Chile
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}Ti [[Rapa Nui]] ken ti [[Is-isla ti Juan Fernández]] ket &quot;naipangpangruna a teritorio&quot; ti Chile idiay [[Rehion ti Valparaíso]]. Ti Chile ket tumunton iti [[Antártica|paset iti Antartika]] a kas ti komuna ti [[Rehion ti Magallanes ken Antártica Chilena]]. TI panagituntonna ket tumoon kadagiti panagitunton ti UK ken Arhentina.&lt;ref name=ANT group=&quot;Nota&quot; /&gt;
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Tsína}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republika dagiti Tattao iti Tsina &lt;ref name=&quot;ChinaTaiwan&quot; group=&quot;Nota&quot;&gt;Ti [[Republika dagiti Tattao iti Tsina]] (PRC) ket kadawyan a makunkuna a kas ti &quot;Tsina&quot;, bayat a ti [[Republika ti Tsina]] (ROC) ket kadawyan a makunkuna  a kas ti &quot;Taiwan&quot;. Ti ROC ket sagpamisan a diplomatiko nga ammo a kas ti [[Insik a Taipei]], a mairaman ti [[Insik a Taipei#Dagiti sabali a reperensia para iti Republika ti Tsina|dadduma a nagan]].&lt;/ref&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
| style=&quot;background:LightCoral;&quot;|{{claimedby|ROC}}
{{extent}}Ti Republika dagiti Tattao iti Tsina (PRC) ket aglaon kadagiti lima nga autonomo a rehion, [[Guangxi]], [[Inner Mongolia]], [[Ningxia]], [[Xinjiang]] ken [[Rehion ti Autonomo a Tibet|Tibet]].&lt;ref name=autonomous group=&quot;Nota&quot; /&gt; Ti maipatinayon, adda ti pannakaturayna ti [[Espesial nga Administratibo a Rehion ti Republika dagiti Tattao iti Tsina|Dagiti Espesial nga Administratibo a Rehion]] iti:
* {{wagayway|Hong Kong}}
* {{wagayway|Macau}}
Mangitunton pay ti:
* Ti [[Taiwan]] ken dagiti maikameng nga is-isla, [[Quemoy]], [[Is-isla ti Matsu|Matsu]], ti [[Is-isla ti Pratas|Pratas]] ken [[Isla ti Itu Aba|Itu Aba]], a tinurturayan babaen ti [[Republika ti Tsina]] (a mnagitunton ti pannakturay ti sibubukel a Tsina);&lt;ref name=&quot;TAI2&quot; group=&quot;Nota&quot; /&gt;
* Ti [[Is-isla ti Paracel]] (naisuppiatan);&lt;ref name=Paracel group=&quot;Nota&quot;&gt;Ti Insik a pannakaturay ti [[Is-isla ti Paracel]] ket sinuppiatan babaen ti [[Bietnam]] ken ti [[Republika ti Tsina]] (kitaen ti [[Listaan dagiti Naisuppiatan a Teritorio]]);&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ti [[Is-isla ti Spratly]] (naisuppiatan);&lt;ref name=Spratly group=&quot;Nota&quot; /&gt;
* Ti [[Abagatan a Tibet]] (tinurayan babaen ti [[#India|India]] a kas paset iti [[Arunachal Pradesh]]).
Ti [[Aksai Chin]], a tinengtengngel babaen ti PRC, ket tinunton babaen ti India a kas paset iti [[Jammu ken Kashmir]].&lt;ref name=Kashmir group=&quot;Nota&quot; /&gt;
Ti PRC ket saan a mabigbigan babaen dagiti [[Ganganaet a Pannakibiang ti Republika ti Tsina|22]] a kamkameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian ken ti [[Santa Sede]], nga imbes ket binigbigan ti ROC.&lt;ref group=&quot;Nota&quot;&gt;Kitaen pay ti [[Dagiti petsa ti pannakabangon ti diplomatiko a pannakibanag iti Republika dagiti Tattao iti Tsina]] ken [[Ganganaet a Pannakibiang ti Republika dagiti Tattao iti Tsina]].&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| valign=top|Tsina, Republika ti (Taiwan) → [[#Taiwan|Taiwan]]
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;Awan&lt;/span&gt;
|
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Colombia}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republika ti Colombia
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Comoros}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Kappon ti Komoros
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}Ti Komoros ket maysa a [[pederasion]] dagiti [[Dagiti politika ti Komoros#Autonomo nga Is-isla|3 nga is-isla]], ken tumonton ti [[Mayotte]], nga agdama a paset ti Pransia, a kas ti maikapat.&lt;ref name=federal group=&quot;Nota&quot;&gt;Adu pay a pakaammo iti adu wenno bassit a [[pederasion|pederal]] a patakder ket mabirukan idiay [[Pederasion#Moderno a pederasion|Listaan dagiti pederasion]].&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Batay-linteg ti Komoros, Art. 1.&lt;/ref&gt; Ti Komoros ket suppiatenna pay ti Pranses a pannakaturay ti [Banc du Geyser]].&lt;ref name=dis /&gt;
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Congo, Democratic Republic of the}}''' (Congo-Kinshasa) &lt;ref group=&quot;Nota&quot;&gt;Naipangyabaan a kas ti DRC, ken ammo pay a kas ti Kongo-Kinshasa.Dati a kas ti [[Zaire]], ti opisial a naganna manipud idi 1971 aginggana idi 1997.&lt;/ref&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Congo, Republic of the}}''' (Kongo-Brazzaville)
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZ&lt;/span&gt;Is-isla ti Cook → [[#Is-isla ti Cook|is-isla ti Cook]]
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;Awan&lt;/span&gt;
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Costa Rica}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republika ti Costa Rica
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Côte d'Ivoire}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republika ti Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast)
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Kroasia}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republika ti Kroasia
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Cuba}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republika ti Kuba
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Cyprus}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republika ti Cyprus
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
| style=&quot;background:LightCoral;&quot;|Saan a mabigbigan babaen ti [[#Turkia|Turkia]] ken [[#Akin-amianan a Cyprus|Akin-amianan a Cyprus]]
{{extent}}Kameng iti KE.&lt;ref name=EU group=&quot;Nota&quot; /&gt; Ti akin-amianan a paset ti isla ket isu ti de facto nga estado iti [[#Akin-amianan a Cyprus|Akin-amianan a Cyprus]]. Kitaen ti [[Ganganaet a Pannakibiang iti Cyprus]] ken [[Suppiatan ti Cyprus]]. Ti [[Turkia]] ket mangitudo ti Republika ti Cyprus a gobierno a kas ti &quot;Ti Griego a Cypriot nga Administrasion iti Abagatan a Cyprus&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;Kitaen ti [http://www.abgs.gov.tr/index.php?p=255&amp;l=2 Republika ti Turkia a Ministro para iti Kappon ti Europa a Pannakibinag] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150926163208/http://www.abgs.gov.tr/index.php?p=255&amp;l=2 |date=2015-09-26 }} Naala idi Hunio 12, 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Czech Republic}}''' &lt;ref group=&quot;Nota&quot;&gt;Ti nalaklaka nga ababa a porma nga opisial a nagan ket inawawis babaen ti Tseko a Gobierno: ti Ingles a  '''Czechia''' ket saan nga ammo unay, ngem ti Czech (''Česko'') ken dagiti sabali a pagsasao ket nadaydayeg. Kitaen ti [[Nagan iti Tseko a Republika]]&lt;/ref&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}Kameng iti KE.&lt;ref name=EU group=&quot;Nota&quot; /&gt;
|-
| valign=top|Demokratiko a Republika ti Kongo → [[#Kongo, Demokratiko a Republikaiti|Kongo, Demokratiko a Republika ti]]
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;Awan&lt;/span&gt;
|
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Dinamarka}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Pagarian ti Dinamarka
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}Kameng iti KE.&lt;ref name=EU group=&quot;Nota&quot; /&gt;
Ti [[Danes apagturayan]] ket mairaman pay ti dua a bukod nga agturturay a teritorio:
* {{wagayway|Faroe Islands}} ''(Føroyar/Færøerne)''
* {{wagayway|Greenland}} ''(Kalaallit Nunaat/Grønland)''
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Djibouti}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republika ti Djibouti
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Dominica}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Mankomunidad ti Dominika
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Dominican Republic}}'''
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|East Timor}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Demokratiko a Republika ti Timor-Leste &lt;ref group=&quot;Nota&quot;&gt;Ti gobierno ti Daya a Timor ket agus-usar ti &quot;Timor-Leste&quot; a kas ti Ingles a pannakaipatarus.&lt;/ref&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Ecuador}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republika ti Ecuador
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Ehípto}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Arabo a Republika ti Ehipto
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|El Salvador}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republika ti  El Salvador
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Equatorial Guinea}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republika ti Guinea Ekuatorial
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Eritrea}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Estado ti Eritrea
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Estonia}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republika ti Estonia
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}kameng iti KE.&lt;ref name=EU group=&quot;Nota&quot; /&gt;
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Ethiopia}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Pederala Demokratiko a Republika ti Etiopia
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}Ti Etiopia ket maysa a [[pederasion]] dagiti [[Dagiti Rrehion ti Etiopia|9 a rehion ken 2 a naidokumento ti linteg a siudad]].
&lt;!--Ti Kappon ti Europ aket saan a Naturay nga Estadoken nasken a saan a mairaman--&gt;
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Fiji}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republika ti Fiji
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}Ti Fiji ket aglaon ti 1 autonomo a rehion, ti [[Rotuma]].&lt;ref name=autonomous group=&quot;Nota&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book
 | title = Dagiti linteg iti Fiji
 | place = Suva, Fiji
 | publisher = Gobierno iti Fiji
 | year = 1927
 | volume = 
 | edition = 1978
 | chapter = Rotuma a Tignay
 | chapterurl = http://www.itc.gov.fj/lawnet/fiji_act/cap122.html
 | accessdate = 2010-07-10
 | archive-date = 2005-04-19
 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20050419112327/http://www.itc.gov.fj/lawnet/fiji_act/cap122.html
 | url-status = dead
 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 | author = Gobierno iti Fiji, Opisina ti Kangrunaan a Ministro
 | title = Kapitulo 122: Rotuma a Tignay
 | work = Dagiti linteg iti Fiji
 | publisher = Unibersidad iti Abagatan a Pasipiko
 | year = 1978
 | url = http://www.paclii.org/fj/legis/consol_act/ra103/
 | accessdate = 2010-11-10
 | archive-date = 2011-03-01
 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110301163146/http://www.paclii.org/fj/legis/consol_act/ra103/
 | url-status = dead
 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Pinlandia}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republika ti Pinlandia
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}Kameng iti KE.&lt;ref name=EU group=&quot;Nota&quot; /&gt;
* Ti {{wagayway|Åland}} ket agmangngamangnga ken awan militar nga atutonomo a rehion ti Pinlandia.&lt;ref name=autonomous group=&quot;Nota&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref group=&quot;Nota&quot;&gt;Ti [[Is-isla ti Åland|Åland]] ket inikkat idi ti militar babaen ti [[Tulag iti Paris (1856)|Tulag iti Paris]] idi 1856, a kalpasan daytoy ket pinasingkedan babaen ti [[Liga dagiti Pagilian]] idi 1921, ken iti sabali a konteksto a naipasingkedan iti tulag iti pannakaawat ti Pinlandia iti Kappon ti Europa idi 1995.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Pransia}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Pranses a Republika
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}Kameng iti KE.&lt;ref name=EU group=&quot;Nota&quot; /&gt; Dagiti ballasiw taaw a rehion ti Pranses/dagiti departamento ([[Pranses a Guiana]], [[Guadeloupe]], [[Martinique]], [[Mayotte]] ken [[Réunion]]) ket napno, ken integral a paset iti Pransia.

Ti pRanses a Republika ket mangiraman pay ti ballasiw taaw a teritorio iti:
* {{noflag|[[Isla ti Clipperton]]}}
* {{wagayway|French Polynesia}}
* {{wagayway|New Caledonia}}
* {{noflag|[[Saint-Barthélemy]]}}
* {{noflag|[[Saint Martin]]}}
* {{wagayway|Saint Pierre and Miquelon}}
* {{noflag|[[Wallis and Futuna]]}}
* {{wagayway|French Southern and Antarctic Lands}} (mairaman ti Antartika a panagtunton iti [[Adélie a Daga]]).&lt;ref name=ANT group=&quot;Nota&quot; /&gt;
Ti [[Isla ti Clipperton]] ket tagikua ti gobierno. Ti Pransess a panagturay iti [[Banc du Geyser]], [[Bassas da India]], [[Isla ti Europa]], [[Is-isla ti Glorioso]], [[Isla ti Juan de Nova]], Mayotte, ken [[Isla ti Tromelin]] ket naisuppiatan babaen ti [[#Madagascar|Madagascar]], [[#Mauritius|Mauritius]], [[#Seychelles|Seychelles]] ken ti [[#Komoros|Komoros]].&lt;ref name=dis /&gt;
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Gabon}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Gabonese a Republika
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;Gambia&lt;/span&gt; '''{{wagayway|The Gambia}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republika Ti Gambia
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Georgia}}'''
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}ti Georgia ket aglaon kadagiti 2 nga autonomo a rehion, ti [[Adjara]] ken [[Abkhazia]].&lt;ref name=autonomous group=&quot;Nota&quot; /&gt; Idiay [[#Abkhazia|Abkhazia]] ken [[#SAbagatan nga Ossetia|Abagatan nga Ossetia]], dagiti de facto nga estado ket naporman.
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Alemania}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Pederal a Republika ti Alemania
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}Kameng iti KE.&lt;ref name=EU group=&quot;Nota&quot; /&gt; Ti Alemania ket maysa a [[pederasion]] kadagiti [[Dagiti estado iti Alemania|16 pederado nga estado]] (Länder).
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Ghana}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republika ti Ghana
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Gresia}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Heleniko a Republika
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}Kameng ti KE.&lt;ref name=EU group=&quot;Nota&quot; /&gt; Ti [[Bantay Athos]] ket autonomo a paset ti Gresia a kumaduaan a tinurturayan babaen ti adu a pagilian ti &quot;Nasantuan a Komunidad&quot; idiay bantay ken ti maysa a sibil a gobernador a naidutok babaen ti gobierno ti Gresia.&lt;ref&gt;Batay-linteg iti Gresia, Art. 105.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Grenada}}'''
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}Ti Grenada ket maysa a [[Mankomunidad a pagturayan]].&lt;ref name=realm group=&quot;Nota&quot; /&gt;
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Guatemala}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republika ti Guatemala
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Guinea}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republika ti Guinea
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Guinea-Bissau}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republika ti Guinea-Bissau
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Guyana}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Kooperatino a Republika ti Guyana
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}Amina daga ti laud ti [[Karayan Essequibo ]] ket tinunton babaen ti [[#Venezuela|Venezuela]].&lt;ref name=dis /&gt;
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Haiti}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republika ti Haiti
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}
|-
| valign=top|Santa a Sede → [[#Siudad ti Batikano|Siudad ti Batikano]]
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;Awan&lt;/span&gt;
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Honduras}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republika ti Honduras
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Hungary}}'''
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}Kameng ti KE.&lt;ref name=EU group=&quot;Nota&quot; /&gt;
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Iceland}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republika ti Islandia
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|India}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republika ti India
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}Ti India ket maysa a [[pederasion]] dagiti [[Dagiti estado ken teritorio iti India|28 nga estado ken 7 a kappon a teritorio]]. Ti pannakaturay ti India iti [[Arunachal Pradesh]] ket sinuppiatan babaen ti [[#Tsina|Republika dagiti Tattao iti Tsina]].&lt;ref name=dis /&gt; Ti India ket tumonton ti pannakaturay ti sibubukel a [[Kashmir]], ngem tinurturayanna laeng ti paset daytoy a kas tipederado nga estado iti [[Jammu ken Kashmir]].&lt;ref name=Kashmir group=&quot;Nota&quot;&gt;Ti pannakaturay ti [[Kashmir]] ket suppiatan a nagbaetan ti [[#India|India]] ken [[#Pakistan|Pakistan]]; dagiti basbassit a paset ket sinuppiatan babaen ti [[#Tsina|Republika dagiti Tattao iti Tsina]] ken ti [[#Taiwan|Republika ti Tsina]]. Ti Kashmir ket biningbingay a nagbaetan ti India, Pakistan ken ti PRC. Kitaen ti [[Listaan dagiti nasuppiatan a teritorio]].&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Indonesia}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republika ti Indonesia
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; AWan
{{extent}}Ti Indonesia ket adda kadagiti 3 a probinsia nga adda ti opisial nga autonomo a kasasaad: [[Aceh|Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam]], [[Papua (province)|Papua]], ken [[Laud a Papua (probinsia)|Laud a Papua]].&lt;ref name=autonomous group=&quot;Nota&quot; /&gt;
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Iran}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Islamiko a Republika ti Iran
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Iraq}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republika ti Irak
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}Ti Irak ket maysa a [[fpederasion]]&lt;ref name=federal group=&quot;Nota&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Taudan: [http://portal.unesco.org/ci/en/files/20704/11332732681iraqi_constitution_en.pdf/iraqi_constitution_en.pdf Batay-linteg ti Irak]&lt;/ref&gt; iti [[Gobernorado iti Irak|18 a gobernorado]], 3 a mangbukel ti autonomo nga [[Iraki a Kurdistan]].&lt;ref name=autonomous group=&quot;Nota&quot; /&gt;
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Ireland}}''' &lt;ref group=&quot;Nota&quot;&gt;Ti Irlandes nga estado ket kanayon a maitudtudo a kas ti ''Republika ti Irlandia'' (ti opisial a ''pannakaipalpalawagan'' ngem saan a ti ''nagan''). Sagpaminsan a daytoy ket naararamid tapno mailasin ti estado manipud iti [[Irlandia|isla iti Irlandia]] a kas maysa a sibubukel. Nupay kasta, sagpaminsan a naararamid daytoy ti [[Nagnagan ti Irlandes nga estado|naisuppiatan a politiko a raso]].&lt;/ref&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}Kameng iti KE.&lt;ref name=EU group=&quot;Nota&quot; /&gt;
Ti Batay-linteg iti Irlandia [[Sangapuulo ket siam a Pnagpasayaat ti Batay-linteg iti Irlandia|ket mangibaga]] a ti aspirasion ti panakapartuat ti maysa a [[Nagkaykaysa nga Irlandia]] babaen ti nakappia a pamay-an.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.constitution.ie/reports/ConstitutionofIreland.pdf |title=Batay-linteg iti Irlandia – Burnreacht na hÉireann |publisher=Gobierno iti Irlandia |accessdate=8 Nobiembre 2011 |quote=Artikulo 3: Isu daytoy ti natibker nga akin-akem ti Irlandes a Pagilian...ti panagkaykaysa amin dagiti tattao a nakibinningay ti isla iti Irlandia...a mabigbigan a ti naipagkaykaysa nga Irlandia ket nasken a maaramid laeng babaen ti nakappia a pamay-an |archive-date=2011-07-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721123405/http://www.constitution.ie/reports/ConstitutionofIreland.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Israel}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Estado ti Israel
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
| style=&quot;background:LightCoral;&quot;|Saan a mabigbigan babaen dagiti 33 nga estado
{{extent}}Ti [[Israel]] ket inkapetna ti [[Daya a Herusalem]], ket saksakupenna ti [[Golan Heights]]&lt;ref name=&quot;golanocc&quot;&gt;Nasakupan a teritorio:
* &quot;Ti nasakupan ti Israel a Golan Heights&quot; (Central Intelligence Agency. [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=pqanFyF6nI0C&amp;pg=PA339&amp;dq=%22OCCUPIED+GOLAN%22&amp;hl=en&amp;ei=T2BVTJuyLsH48AbYwM3kBA&amp;sa=X&amp;oi=book_result&amp;ct=result&amp;resnum=4&amp;ved=0CDYQ6AEwAzgK#v=onepage&amp;q=%22OCCUPIED%20GOLAN%22&amp;f=false CIA World Factbook 2010], Skyhorse Publishing Inc., 2009. pg. 339. {{ISBN|1-60239-727-9}}.)
* &quot;...the United States considers the Golan Heights to be occupied territory subject to negotiation and Israeli withdrawal...&quot; (&quot;[http://fpc.state.gov/documents/organization/9570.pdf title=CRS Issue Brief for Congress: Israeli-United States Relations]&quot;, Congressional Research Service, April 5, 2002. pg. 5. Retrieved August 1, 2010.) * &quot;Occupied Golan Heights&quot; ([https://web.archive.org/web/20080408181444/http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/travelling-and-living-overseas/travel-advice-by-country/middle-east-north-africa/israel-occupied Travel advice: Israel and the Occupied Palestinian Territories], UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office. Retrieved August 1, 2010.) * &quot;In the ICRC's view, the Golan is an occupied territory.&quot; ([http://www.icrc.org/web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/htmlall/israel-golan-311207?OpenDocument&amp;style=custo_print ICRC activities in the occupied Golan during 2007] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210215201012/https://www.icrc.org/en?OpenDocument=&amp;style=custo_print |date=2021-02-15 }}, International Committee of the Red Cross, April 24, 2008.) * &quot;...occupied Syrian Golan Heights...&quot; ([http://www.al-bab.com/arab/docs/league/peace02.htm The Arab Peace Initiative, 2002] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090604091304/http://www.al-bab.com/arab/docs/league/peace02.htm |date=2009-06-04 }}, ''www.al-bab.com''. Retrieved August 1, 2010.) * In 2008, a plenary session of the United Nations General Assembly voted by 161–1 in favour of a motion on the &quot;occupied Syrian Golan&quot; that reaffirmed support for UN Resolution 497. ([http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2008/ga10794.doc.htm General Assembly adopts broad range of texts, 26 in all, on recommendation of its fourth Committee, including on decolonization, information, Palestine refugees], United Nations, Disiembre 5, 2008.)&lt;/ref&gt; and parts of the [[West Bank]]. These areas are not internationally-recognised as being part of Israel.&lt;ref name=dis /&gt; Israel no longer has a permanent military presence in the [[Gaza Strip]], following its [[Israel's unilateral disengagement plan|unilateral disengagement]], but is still considered the occupying power under international law.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 | author = Dore Gold, Instituto para iti Kontemporario a Pannakibiang
 | title = Dagiti Legado nga Akrobatiko: Ti Palestina a Panagitunton tit Gaza ket  &quot;Nasakupan&quot; pay laeng Urayno ti Israel ket Pimmanawen
 | work = Jerusalem Issue Brief, Vol. 5, No. 3
 | publisher = Herusalem a Sentro para iti Publiko a Pannakibiang
 | date = 26 Agosto 2005
 | url = http://www.jcpa.org/brief/brief005-3.htm
 | accessdate = 2010-07-16
 | archive-date = 2010-06-21
 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100621082606/http://jcpa.org/brief/brief005-3.htm
 | url-status = dead
 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100621082606/http://jcpa.org/brief/brief005-3.htm |date=2010-06-21 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 | last = Bell
 | first = Abraham
 | title = Internasional aLinteg ken Gaza: Ti Panagraut ti Karbengan a Panagsalaknib ti Israel
 | work = Jerusalem Issue Brief, Vol. 7, No. 29
 | publisher = Herusalem a Sentro para iti Publiko a Pannakibiang
 | date = 28 Enero 2008
 | url = http://www.jcpa.org/brief/brief005-3.htm
 | accessdate = 2010-07-16
 | archive-date = 2010-06-21
 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100621082606/http://jcpa.org/brief/brief005-3.htm
 | url-status = dead
 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100621082606/http://jcpa.org/brief/brief005-3.htm |date=2010-06-21 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite press release
 | title = Address by Foreign Minister Livni to the 8th Herzliya Conference
 | publisher = Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Israel
 | date = 22 Enero 2008
 | url = http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Government/Speeches+by+Israeli+leaders/2008/Address+by+FM+Livni+to+the+8th+Herzliya+Conference+22-Jan-2008.htm?DisplayMode=print
 | accessdate = 2010-07-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 | last = Salih
 | first = Zak M.
 | title = Panelists Disagree Over Gaza’s Occupation Status
 | publisher = University of Virginia School of Law
 | date = 17 Nobiembre  2005
 | url = http://www.law.virginia.edu/html/news/2005_fall/gaza.htm
 | accessdate = 2010-07-16
 | archive-date = 2016-03-03
 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160303200844/http://www.law.virginia.edu/html/news/2005_fall/gaza.htm
 | url-status = dead
 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303200844/http://www.law.virginia.edu/html/news/2005_fall/gaza.htm |date=2016-03-03 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 | title = Israel: 'Disengagement' Will Not End Gaza Occupation
 | publisher = Human Rights Watch
 | date = 29 Oktubre 2004
 | url = http://www.hrw.org/english/docs/2004/10/29/isrlpa9577.htm
 | accessdate = 2010-07-16
 | archive-date = 2020-07-12
 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200712121307/https://www.hrw.org/english/docs/2004/10/29/isrlpa9577.htm
 | url-status = dead
 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ti Israel ket saan a mabigbigan akas maysa nga estado babaen dagiti [[Internasional a panakabigbigan ti Israel|32]] a kamkameng ti UN (a kaaduan a mairaman dagiti Arabo nga estado) ken babaen ti [[Sahrawi Arabo a Demokratiko a Republika|SADR]].
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Italia}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Italiano a Republika
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}Kameng ti KE.&lt;ref name=EU group=&quot;Nota&quot; /&gt; Ti Italia ket adda kadagiti 5 nga autonomo arehion, [[Aosta Valley]], [[Friuli-Venezia Giulia]], [[Sardinia]], [[Sicily]] ken [[Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol]].&lt;ref name=autonomous group=&quot;Nota&quot; /&gt;
|-
| valign=top|Ivory Coast → [[#Côte d'Ivoire|Côte d'Ivoire]]
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;Awan&lt;/span&gt;
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Jamaica}}'''
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}Ti Hamaika ket maysa a [[Mankomunidad a pagturayan]].&lt;ref name=realm group=&quot;Nota&quot; /&gt;
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Hapon}}'''
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}Ti Hapon ket [[Suppiat ti Is-isla it Kuril|suppiatenna]] ti [[#Rusia|Ruso]] nga administrasion iti Abagatan nga [[Is-isla ti Kuril]].
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Jordan}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Hashemite a Pagarian ti Hordania
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Kazakhstan}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republika ti Kazakhstan
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Kenya}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republika ti Kenya
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Kiribati}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republika ti Kiribati
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Korea, North}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Demokratiko a Republika dagiti Tattao iti Korea
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
| style=&quot;background:LightCoral;&quot;|{{claimedby|SKOREA}}
{{extent}}North Korea is not recognised by two UN members: [[#Hapon|Hapon]] and South Korea.&lt;ref name=&quot;koreas&quot; group=&quot;Nota&quot;&gt;Both North Korea and South Korea claim to be the sole legitimate government of [[Korea]]. See also [[Foreign relations of North Korea]] and [[Foreign relations of South Korea]].&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 | url = http://www.ioc.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~worldjpn/documents/texts/docs/19650622.T1E.html
 | title = Treaty on Basic Relations between Japan and the Republic of Korea
 | accessdate = 2008-10-27
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Korea, South}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republika ti Korea
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
| style=&quot;background:LightCoral;&quot;|{{claimedby|NKOREA}}
{{extent}}South Korea contains 1 autonomous region, [[Jeju-do]].&lt;ref name=autonomous group=&quot;Nota&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author=Keun Min|title=Greetings|publisher=Jeju Special Self-Governing Province|url=http://english.jeju.go.kr/contents/index.php?mid=02|accessdate = 2010-11-10}}&lt;/ref&gt; South Korea is not recognised by one UN member: North Korea.&lt;ref name=&quot;koreas&quot; group=&quot;Nota&quot; /&gt;
|-
| valign=top|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZ&lt;/span&gt;Kosovo → [[#Kosovo|Kosovo]]
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;Awan&lt;/span&gt;
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Kuwait}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Estado ti Kuwait
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Kyrgyzstan}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Kyrgyz a Republika
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Laos}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Demokratiko a Republika ti Tattao ti Lao
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Latvia}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republika ti Latvia
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}Kameng iti KE.&lt;ref name=EU group=&quot;Nota&quot; /&gt;
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Lebanon}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Lebanes a Republika
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Lesotho}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Pagarian ti Lesotho
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Liberia}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republika ti Liberia
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Libya}}'''
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}The [[Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya|former government]] of [[Muammar Gaddafi]], which claims to be the sole legitimate representative of the Libyan people, still has some international recognition (see [[Foreign relations of the National Transitional Council]] and [[Foreign relations of Libya under Gaddafi]]).
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Liechtenstein}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Prinsipalidad iti Liechtenstein
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Lithuania}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republika ti Lituania
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}Kameng iti KE.&lt;ref name=EU group=&quot;Nota&quot; /&gt;
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Luxembourg}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}Kameng iti KE.&lt;ref name=EU group=&quot;Nota&quot; /&gt;
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Amianan a Macedonia}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republika ti Amianan a Macedonia
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}Gapu iti [[suppiat ii pannakainagan ti Amianan a Macedonia]], maibagbaga ti pagilian babaen ti UN ken  iti bilang dagiti estado ken dagiti internasional a gunglo a kas &quot;ti dati a Republika ti Yugoslabia iti Amianan a Macedonia&quot;.
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Madagascar}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republika ti Madagascar
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}Tuntonen ti Madagascasr dagiti teritorio ti Pransia iti [[Banc du Geyser]], [[Isla Juan de Nova]], ken ti [[Is-isla Glorioso]].&lt;ref name=dis /&gt;
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Malawi}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republika ti Malawi
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Malaysia}}'''
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}Ti Malaysai ket maysa a [[pederasion]] dagiti [[Dagiti estado ti Malaysia|13 nga estado ken 3 a pederal a teritorio]]. Tuntonen ti Malaysia ti parte ti [[Is-isla Spratly]].&lt;ref name=Spratly group=&quot;Nota&quot; /&gt;
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Maldives}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republika ti Maldivas
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Mali}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republika ti Mali
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}Tuntonen ti Mali ti[[#Azawad|Azawad]], ti maysa a saan a mabigbigan nga estado, a kas parte ti naturay a teritoriona.
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Malta}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republika ti Malta
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}MKameng iti KE.&lt;ref name=EU group=&quot;Nota&quot; /&gt;
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Marshall Islands}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republika ti Is-isla ti Marshall
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}Babaen ti [[Kompakto iti Nawaya nga Asosasion]] iti [[#Estados Unidos|Estados Unidos]].
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Mauritania}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Islamiko a Republika ti Mauritania
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Mauritius}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republika ti Mauritius
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}Mauritius has an autonomous island, [[Rodrigues]].&lt;ref name=autonomous group=&quot;Nota&quot; /&gt; Mauritius claims the [[British Indian Ocean Territory]] and the French island of [[Tromelin Island|Tromelin]].&lt;ref name=dis /&gt;
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Mexico}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Nagkaykaysa a Mehikano nga Estado
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}Ti Mehiko ket maysa a [[pederasion]] dagiti [[Dagiti politikal a pannakabingbingay ti Mehiko|31 nga estado ken 1 a pederal a distrito]].
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Micronesia, Federated States of}}'''
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; AWan
{{extent}}Babaen ti [[Kompakto iti Nawaya nga Asosasion]] iti [[#Estados Unidos|Estados Unidos]]. Dagiti pederado nga Estado ti Mikronesia ket maysa a [[pederasion]] dagiti uppat nga estado.
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Moldova}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republika ti Moldova
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}Ti Moldova ket addaan kadagiti agwaywyaas a rehion iti [[Gagauzia]] ken [[#Transnistria|Transnistria]], ti naudi a naibaga ket nabangonen a kas de facto nga estado.
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Monaco}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Prinsipalidad ti Monaco
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Mongolia}}'''
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Montenegro}}'''
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Morocco}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Pagarian ti Morocco
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}Morocco claims sovereignty over [[Western Sahara]] and controls most of it, which is disputed by the [[#SADR|Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic]]. Morocco disputes [[#Spain|Spanish]] sovereignty over [[Ceuta]], [[Melilla]] and the &quot;[[Plazas de soberanía]]&quot;.&lt;ref name=dis /&gt;
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Mozambique}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republika ti Mozambique
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}
|-
| valign=top|Myanmar → [[#Burma|Burma]]
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;Awan&lt;/span&gt;
|
|-
| valign=top|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZ&lt;/span&gt;Nagorno-Karabakh → [[#Nagorno-Karabakh|Nagorno-Karabakh]]
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;Awan&lt;/span&gt;
|
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Namibia}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republika ti Namibia
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Nauru}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republika ti Nauru
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Nepal}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Pederal a Demokratiko a Republika ti Nepal
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}Ti Nepal ket maysa a [[pederasion]] a buklan dagiti [[Dagiti sona iti Nepal|14 a sona]].
|-
|valign=top|'''{{flagcountry|Kingdom of the Netherlands}}'''&lt;!--Link to state instead of country--&gt;&amp;nbsp;– Kingdom of the Netherlands &lt;!-- Nota that the Netherlands is not the sovereign state, the Kingdom is—see [[Kingdom of the Netherlands#The distinction between the Netherlands and &quot;the Kingdom&quot;]]. --&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}Kameng iti KE.&lt;ref name=EU group=&quot;Nota&quot; /&gt; The Kingdom of the Netherlands consists of four constituent countries:
* {{wagayway|Netherlands}}
* {{wagayway|Aruba}}
* {{wagayway|Curaçao}}
* {{wagayway|Sint Maarten}}
The monarch and her ministers form the government of the kingdom as well as the government of the country the Netherlands. Following the dissolution of the [[Netherlands Antilles]] in 2010, Curaçao and Sint Maarten have become constituent countries, which, alongside Aruba, enjoy considerable autonomy. The other three islands ([[Bonaire]], [[Saba]], [[Sint Eustatius]]) became [[Caribbean Netherlands|special municipalities]] of the Netherlands.

The designation &quot;Netherlands&quot; can refer to either one of the Kingdom's constituent countries or to the short name for the Kingdom (e.g., in international organizations). The Kingdom of the Netherlands as a whole is a member of the EU, but EU law applies only to parts within Europe.
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|New Zealand}}'''
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}New Zealand is a [[Commonwealth realm]]&lt;ref name=realm group=&quot;Nota&quot; /&gt; and has responsibilities for (but has no sovereignty over) two freely [[associated state]]s:
* {{wagayway|Cook Islands}}
* {{wagayway|Niue}}
The Cook Islands and Niue have diplomatic relations with 31 and 6 UN members respectively.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 | author = Federal Foreign Office of Germany
 | title = Beziehungen zu Deutschland
 | publisher = Government of Germany
 | date = Nobiembre  2009
 | url = http://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/diplo/de/Laenderinformationen/Cookinseln/Bilateral.html
 | accessdate = 2010-07-16}} For more information, see [[Foreign relations of the Cook Islands]].&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 | author = China Internet Information Centre
 | title = Full text of joint communique on the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Niue
 | publisher = Xinhua News Agency
 | date = 13 Disiembre 2007
 | url = http://www.china.org.cn/english/international/235447.htm
 | accessdate = 2010-07-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 | author = Republic of Nauru Permanent Mission to the United Nations
 | title = Foreign Affairs
 | publisher = United Nations
 | url = http://www.un.int/nauru/foreignaffairs.html
 | accessdate = 2010-07-16}}&lt;/ref&gt; They have full treaty-making capacity in the UN,&lt;ref name=&quot;untreaty1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://untreaty.un.org/cod/repertory/art102/english/rep_supp8_vol6-art102_e_advance.pdf |title=Archive copy |access-date=2012-07-16 |archive-date=2004-07-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040723045746/http://untreaty.un.org/cod/repertory/art102/english/rep_supp8_vol6-art102_e_advance.pdf |url-status=dead }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040723045746/http://untreaty.un.org/cod/repertory/art102/english/rep_supp8_vol6-art102_e_advance.pdf |date=2004-07-23 }}&lt;/ref&gt; and are members of some [[List of specialized agencies of the United Nations|UN specialized agencies]].

New Zealand has the dependent territories of:
* {{noflag|[[Ross Dependency]]}} &lt;ref name=ANT group=&quot;Nota&quot; /&gt;
* {{wagayway|Tokelau}}
The Tokelauan government claims sovereignty over [[Swains Island]], part of [[American Samoa]], a territory of the United States.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 | author = Radio New Zealand International
 | title = American Samoa governor ready to resist Tokelau’s claim to Swains Island
 | publisher = Radio New Zealand Ltd
 | date = 26 Marso 2007
 | url = http://www.rnzi.com/pages/news.php?op=read&amp;id=31024
 | accessdate = 2010-07-16}}&lt;/ref&gt; New Zealand does not recognize the Tokelauan claim.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 | author = Government of New Zealand, Government of Tokelau
 | title = Draft Constitution of Tokelau&amp;nbsp;– Ingles
 | publisher = New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs &amp; Trade
 | date = 8 Oktubre 2007
 | url = http://www.mfat.govt.nz/Foreign-Relations/Pacific/Tokelau/Tokelau-Constitution-(English).php
 | accessdate = 2010-07-16
 | archive-date = 2010-05-22
 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100522103909/http://www.mfat.govt.nz/Foreign-Relations/Pacific/Tokelau/Tokelau-Constitution-(English).php
 | url-status = dead
 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Nicaragua}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republika ti Nicaragua
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Claims the San Andrés archipelago, currently part of Colombian territorial waters
{{extent}}Ti Nicaragua ket aglaon ti 2 nga autonomo a rehion, [[Región Autónoma del Atlántico Sur|Atlántico Sur]] ken [[Región Autónoma del Atlántico Norte|Atlántico Norte]].&lt;ref name=autonomous group=&quot;Nota&quot; /&gt;
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Niger}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republika ti Niger
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Nigeria}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Pederala Republika ti Nigeria
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}Ti Nigeria ket maysa a [[pederasion]] dagiti [[Dagiti estado iti Nigeria|36 nga estado ken 1 a pederal a teritorio]].
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZ&lt;/span&gt;Niue → [[#Niue|Niue]]
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;Awan&lt;/span&gt;
{{extent}}
|-
| valign=top|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZ&lt;/span&gt;Akin-amianan a Cyprus → [[#Akin-amianan a Cyprus|Akin-amianan a Cyprus]]
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;Awan&lt;/span&gt;
|
|-
| valign=top|North Korea → [[#Korea Abagatan|Korea, Demokaratiko a Republika dagiti Tattao iti]]
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;Awan&lt;/span&gt;
|
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Norwéga}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Pagarian ti Norwega
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; AWan
{{extent}}[[Svalbard]] is an integral part of Norway, but has a special status due to the [[Svalbard Treaty]].
[[Bouvet Island]] is a dependent territory of Norway. Norway also claims [[Peter I Island]] and [[Queen Maud Land]] as dependent territories of Norway.&lt;ref name=ANT group=&quot;Nota&quot; /&gt;
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Oman}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Sultanato ti Oman
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Pakistan}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Islamiko a Republika ti Pakistan
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}Pakistan is a [[federation]] of [[Subdivisions of Pakistan|4 provinces, 1 capital territory, and tribal regions]]. Pakistan disputes [[#India|Indian]] sovereignty over [[Kashmir]]. It exercises control over [[Pakistan-administered Kashmir|some areas]], but does not explicitly claim any part of it,&lt;ref&gt;Constitution of Pakistan, Art. 1.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news
 | author = Aslam, Tasnim
 | title = 'Pakistan Does Not Claim Kashmir As An Integral Part...'
 | url = http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?233374
 | newspaper = Outlook India
 | publisher = The Outlook Group
 | date = 11 Disiembre 2006
 | accessdate = 
 | archive-date = 2011-12-13
 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111213213928/http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?233374
 | url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; instead regarding it as a disputed territory.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book
 | last = Williams
 | first = Kristen P.
 | title = Despite nationalist conflicts: theory and practice of maintaining world peace
 | publisher = Greenwood Publishing Group
 | year = 2001
 | pages = 154–155
 | url = http://books.google.com/?id=OYmurpH3ahsC
 | isbn = 978-0-275-96934-9}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book
 | last = Pruthi
 | first = R.K.
 | title = An Encyclopaedic Survey Of Global Terrorism In 21St Century
 | publisher = Anmol Publications Pvt. Ltd.
 | year = 2001
 | pages = 120–121
 | url = http://books.google.com/?id=C3yDkKDbZ3YC
 | isbn = 978-81-261-1091-9
 }}{{Natay a silpo|date=January 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; The portions that it controls are divided into two polities, administered separately from Pakistan proper:&lt;ref name=Kashmir group=&quot;Nota&quot; /&gt;
* {{wagayway|Azad Kashmir}}
* {{noflag|[[Gilgit–Baltistan]]}}
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Palau}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republika ti Palau
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}Babaen ti[[Kompakto iti Nawaya nga Asosasion]] iti [[#Estados Unidos|Estados Unidos]].
|-
| valign=top|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZ&lt;/span&gt;Palestina → [[#Palestina|Palestina]]
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;Awan&lt;/span&gt;
|
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Panama}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republika ti Panama
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Papua New Guinea}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Nawaya nga Estado ti Papua New Guinea
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}Ti Papua New Guinea ket maysa a [[Mankomunidad a pagturayan]]&lt;ref name=realm group=&quot;Nota&quot; /&gt; nga adda ti 1 nga autonomo a rehion, [[Dagiti autonomo a rehion iti Bougainville|Bougainville]].&lt;ref name=autonomous group=&quot;Nota&quot; /&gt;
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Paraguay}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republika ti Paraguay
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Peru}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republika ti Peru
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Pilipinas}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republika ti Filipinas
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}The Philippines contains two autonomous regions, the [[Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao]]&lt;ref name=autonomous group=&quot;Nota&quot; /&gt; and the [[Cordillera Administrative Region]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.lawphil.net/executive/execord/eo1987/eo_220_1987.html | title = EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 220 July 15, 1987 | accessdate = 2011-07-29}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Philippines administers [[Scarborough Shoal]] and some of the [[Spratly Islands]],&lt;ref name=Spratly group=&quot;Nota&quot; /&gt; and claims sovereignty over the [[Macclesfield Bank]] and [[Sabah]], which is part of [[#Malaysia|Malaysia]].&lt;ref name=dis /&gt;
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Poland}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republika ti Polonia
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}Kameng iti KE.&lt;ref name=EU group=&quot;Nota&quot; /&gt;
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Portugal}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Portuges a Republika
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}Kameng iti KE.&lt;ref name=EU group=&quot;Nota&quot; /&gt; Portugal contains 2 autonomous regions, [[Azores]] and [[Madeira]].&lt;ref name=autonomous group=&quot;Nota&quot; /&gt; Portugal does not recognize [[#Spain|Spanish]] sovereignty over [[Olivenza]] and [[Táliga]].&lt;ref name=dis /&gt;
|-
| valign=top|Pridnestrovie → [[#Transnistria|Transnistria]]
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;Awan&lt;/span&gt;
|
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Qatar}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Estado ti Qatar
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; AWan
{{extent}}
|-
| valign=top|Republika ti Kongo → [[#Kongo, Republika ti|Kongo, Republika ti]]
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;Awan&lt;/span&gt;
|
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Romania}}'''
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; AWan
{{extent}}Kameng iti KE.&lt;ref name=EU group=&quot;Nota&quot; /&gt;
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Rusia}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Ruso a Pederasion
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; AWan
{{extent}}Russia is officially a [[federation]] of 83&amp;nbsp;[[federal subjects of Russia|federal subjects]] (republics, oblasts, krais, autonomous okrugs, federal cities, and an autonomous oblast). Several of the federal subjects are ethnic republics.&lt;ref name=autonomous group=&quot;Nota&quot; /&gt; Sovereignty over the South [[Kuril Islands]] [[Kuril Islands dispute|is disputed]] by [[#Japan|Japan]].
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Rwanda}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republika ti Rwanda
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}
|-
| valign=top|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZ&lt;/span&gt;Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic → [[#SADR|Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic]]
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;Awan&lt;/span&gt;
|
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Saint Kitts and Nevis}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Pederasion iti Saint Kitts ken Nevis
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}Saint Kitts and Nevis is a [[Commonwealth realm]]&lt;ref name=realm group=&quot;Nota&quot; /&gt; and is a [[federation]] &lt;ref name=federal group=&quot;Nota&quot; /&gt; of [[Parishes of Saint Kitts and Nevis|14 parishes]].
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Saint Lucia}}'''
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}Ti Santa Lucia ket maysa a [[Mankomunidad a pagturayan]].&lt;ref name=realm group=&quot;Nota&quot; /&gt;
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Saint Vincent and the Grenadines}}'''
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}Saint Vincent and the Grenadines is a [[Commonwealth realm]].&lt;ref name=realm group=&quot;Nota&quot; /&gt;
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Samoa}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Naway anga Estado ti Samoa
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|San Marino}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republika ti San Marino
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|São Tomé and Príncipe}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}São Tomé and Príncipe contains 1 autonomous province, [[Príncipe]].&lt;ref name=autonomous group=&quot;Nota&quot; /&gt;
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Saudi Arabia}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Pagarian ti Saudi Arabia
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}
&lt;!--Sealand is not a sovereign state according to the definition in the introduction of this article and should not be included--&gt;
&lt;!--Scotland is not a sovereign state according to the definition in the introduction of this article and should not be included--&gt;
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Senegal}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republika ti Senegal
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Serbia}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republika ti Serbia
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}Serbia contains 2 autonomous regions, [[Vojvodina]] and [[Kosovo and Metohija]].&lt;ref name=autonomous group=&quot;Nota&quot; /&gt; Most of the latter is under the de facto control of the [[#Kosovo|Republic of Kosovo]].
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Seychelles}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republika ti Seychelles
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}Seychelles claims the [[British Indian Ocean Territory]].&lt;ref name=dis /&gt;
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Sierra Leone}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republika ti Sierra Leone
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Singapore}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republika ti Singapore
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Slovakia}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Eslobakia a Republilka
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}Kameng ti KE.&lt;ref name=EU group=&quot;Nota&quot; /&gt;
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Slovenia}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republika ti Eslobenia
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}Kameng ti KE.&lt;ref name=EU group=&quot;Nota&quot; /&gt;
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Solomon Islands}}'''
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}Ti Is-isla ti Solomon ket maysa a [[Mankomunidad a pagturayan]].&lt;ref name=realm group=&quot;Nota&quot; /&gt;
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Somalia}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Somali a Republika
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}Somalia is presently divided with its [[Transitional Federal Government|official government]] (TFG) controlling only part of the country. [[Puntland]] and [[Galmudug]] have declared themselves as autonomous regions of Somalia (a claim that the TFG does not recognise),&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book | last = Weller | first = Marc | last2 = Nobbs |first2 = Katherine | title = Asymmetric Autonomy and the Settlement of Ethnic Conflicts | publisher = University of Pennsylvania Press | year = 2010 | location = Philadelphia, United States | page = | url = http://books.google.com/?id=ru-DIWuuObEC | isbn = 978-0-8122-4230-0}}&lt;/ref&gt; while [[#Somaliland|Somaliland]] has formed an unrecognised de facto state.
|-
| valign=top|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZ&lt;/span&gt;Somaliland → [[#Somaliland|Somaliland]]
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;Awan&lt;/span&gt;
|
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|South Africa}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republika ti Abagatan nga Aprika
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}
|-
| valign=top|Abagatan a Korea → [[#Korea Abagatan|Korea, Republika ti]]
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;AWan&lt;/span&gt;
|
|-
| valign=top|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZ&lt;/span&gt;Abagatan nga Ossetia → [[#Abagatan nga Ossetia|Abagatan nga Ossetia]]
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;Awan&lt;/span&gt;
|
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|South Sudan}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republika ti Abagatan a Sudan
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}Ti Abagatan a Sudan ket maysa a [[pederasion]] dagiti [[Dagiti estado ti Abagatan a Sudan|10 nga estado]]. Suppiatenna ti [[Abyei]] iti [[#Sudan|Republika ti Sudan]].&lt;ref name=dis /&gt;
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Spain}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Pagarian ti Espania
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}Kameng iti KE.&lt;ref name=EU group=&quot;Nota&quot; /&gt; Spain is divided into [[Autonomous communities of Spain|autonomous communities and cities]].&lt;ref name=autonomous group=&quot;Nota&quot; /&gt; Sovereignty over [[Ceuta]], [[Isla de Alborán]], [[Perejil Island|Isla Perejil]], [[Islas Chafarinas]], [[Melilla]] and [[Peñón de Alhucemas]] is disputed by [[#Morocco|Morocco]]. Sovereignty over [[Olivenza]] and [[Táliga]] is disputed by [[#Portugal|Portugal]]. Spain [[Disputed status of Gibraltar|calls for sovereignty]] over Gibraltar.&lt;ref name=dis /&gt;
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Sri Lanka}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Demokratiko a Sosialista a Republika ti Sri Lanka
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}Dati a kas ti [[Ceylon]].
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Sudan}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republika ti Sudan
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}Ti Sudan ket maysa a [[pederasion]] dagiti [[Dagiti estado iti Sudan|17 nga estado]]. Suppiatenna ti [[Abyei]] ken [[Kafia Kingi]] iti [[#Abagatan a  Sudan|Abagatan a Sudan]].
|-
| valign=top|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZ&lt;/span&gt;Sudan, Abagatan → [[#Abagatan a Sudan|Abagatan a Sudan]]
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;Awan&lt;/span&gt;
|
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Suriname}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republika ti Suriname
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Swaziland}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Pagarian ti Swaziland
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Sweden}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Pagarian ti Suesia
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}Kameng iti KE.&lt;ref name=EU group=&quot;Nota&quot; /&gt;
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Suisa}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Suisa a Kompederasion
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}Ti Suisa ket maysa a [[pederasion]] dagiti [[Dagiti kanto iti Suisa|26 a kanton]].
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Syria}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Arabo a Republika ti Syria
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}Ti [[#Israel|Israel]] ket sakupenna [[Golan Heights]].&lt;ref name=&quot;golanocc&quot; /&gt;
|-
| valign=top|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZ&lt;/span&gt;Taiwan (Republika ti Tsina) → [[#Taiwan|Taiwan]]
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;Awan&lt;/span&gt;
|
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Tajikistan}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republika ti Tajikistan
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}Ti Tajikistan ket aglaon ti 1 nga autonomo a rehion, [[Autonomo a Probinsia ti Gorno-Badakhshan]].&lt;ref name=autonomous group=&quot;Nota&quot; /&gt;
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Tanzania}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Nagkaykaysa a Republika Tanzania
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}Ti Tanzania ket aglaon ti 1 ng autonomo  arehion, ti [[Zanzibar]].&lt;ref name=autonomous group=&quot;Nota&quot; /&gt;
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Tailandia}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Pagarian ti Tailandia
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}
|-
| valign=top|Timor-Leste → [[#Daya a Timor|Daya Timor]]
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;Awan&lt;/span&gt;
|
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Togo}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Togolese a Republika
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Tonga}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Pagarian ti Tonga
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}
|-
| valign=top|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZ&lt;/span&gt;Transnistria → [[#Transnistria|Transnistria]]
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;Awan&lt;/span&gt;
|
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Trinidad and Tobago}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republika ti Trinidad ken Tobago
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}Ti Trinidad ken Tobago ket aglaon ti 1 nga autonomo a rehion, ti [[Tobago]].&lt;ref name=autonomous group=&quot;Nota&quot; /&gt;
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Tunisia}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republika ti Tunisia
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Turkia}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republika ti Turkia
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Turkmenistan}}'''
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Tuvalu}}'''
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}Ti Tuvalu ket maysa a [[Mankomunidad apagturayan]].&lt;ref name=realm group=&quot;Nota&quot; /&gt;
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Uganda}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republika ti Uganda
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Ukrania}}'''
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}Ti Ukrania ket aglaon ti 1 autonomo a rehion, ti [[Crimea]].&lt;ref name=autonomous group=&quot;Nota&quot; /&gt;
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Dagiti Nagkaykaysa nga Emirato nga Arabo}}'''
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}Dagiti Nagkaykaysa nga Emirato nga Arabo ketmaysa a [[pederasion]] dagiti [[Dagiti Nagkaykaysa nga Emirato nga Arabo|7 nga emirato]].
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Nagkaykaysa a Pagarian}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Nagkaykaysa a Pagarian ti Gran Britania ken Akin-aminan nga Irlandia
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}Kameng ti KE.&lt;ref name=EU group=&quot;Nota&quot; /&gt; Ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagarian ket maysa a [[Mankomunidad a pagturayan]]&lt;ref name=realm group=&quot;Nota&quot; /&gt; a buklen dagiti [[Dagiti pagilian ti Nagkaykaysa aPagarian|uppat a pagilaina]]: [[Inglatera]], [[Northern Ireland]], [[Eskoses]], and [[Gales]]. Ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagarian ket adda dagiti ballasiaw taaw a teritorio:
* {{noflag|[[Akrotiri and Dhekelia]]}}
* {{wagayway|Anguilla}}
* {{wagayway|Bermuda}}
* {{wagayway|British Indian Ocean Territory}} (suppiaten babaen ti [[#Mauritius|Mauritius]] ken [[#Seychelles|Seychelles]])&lt;ref name=dis /&gt;
* {{wagayway|British Virgin Islands}}
* {{wagayway|Cayman Islands}}
* {{wagayway|Falkland Islands}} (suppiaten babaen ti [[#Arhentina|Arhentina]])&lt;ref name=dis /&gt;
* {{wagayway|Gibraltar}} ([[Disputed status of Gibraltar|suppiaten]] babaen ti [[#Espania|Espania]])
* {{wagayway|Montserrat}}
* {{wagayway|Pitcairn Islands}}
* {{wagayway|Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha}}
* {{wagayway|South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands}}
* {{wagayway|Turks and Caicos Islands}}
* {{wagayway|British Antarctic Territory}} &lt;ref name=ANT group=&quot;Nota&quot; /&gt; (sinuppiat babaen ti Arhentina ken [[#Chile|Chile]])
The British monarch has direct sovereignty over three self-governing Crown dependencies:
* {{wagayway|Guernsey}}, with three dependencies:
** {{wagayway|Alderney}}
** {{wagayway|Herm}}
** {{wagayway|Sark}}
* {{wagayway|Isle of Man}}
* {{wagayway|Jersey}}
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Estados Unidos}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Estados Unidos iti Amerika
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}The United States is a [[federation]] of [[Political divisions of the United States|50 states, 1 federal district]], and the incorporated territory of [[Palmyra Atoll]]. The United States has sovereignty over the following inhabited possessions and commonwealths:
* {{wagayway|American Samoa}} (including [[Swains Island]], disputed by [[Tokelau]])
* {{wagayway|Guam}}
* {{wagayway|Northern Mariana Islands}}
* {{wagayway|Puerto Rico}}
* {{wagayway|U.S. Virgin Islands}}

In addition, there are uninhabited possessions of the United States in the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea: [[Baker Island]], [[Howland Island]], [[Jarvis Island]], [[Johnston Atoll]], [[Kingman Reef]], [[Midway Atoll]], [[Navassa Island]], and [[Wake Island]]. The United States also asserts claims to [[Bajo Nuevo Bank]] and [[Serranilla Bank]].&lt;ref name=dis /&gt;
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Uruguay}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Oriental a Republika ti Uruguay
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; AWan
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Uzbekistan}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republika ti Uzbekistan
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}Ti Uzbekistan ket aglaon ti 1 autonom arehion, ti [[Karakalpakstan]].&lt;ref name=autonomous group=&quot;Nota&quot; /&gt;
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Vanuatu}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republika ti Vanuatu
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Siudad ti Batikano}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Estado ti Siudad ti Batikano
| style=&quot;background:LemonChiffon;&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; [[United Nations General Assembly observers|UN observer state]]
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}Inadministro babaen ti [[Santa Sede]], ti maysa a naturay nga entidad nga adda dagiti diplomatikona dagiti [[Ganganaet a Pannakibiang ti Santa Sede#Bilateral a relasion|179 nga estado]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/secretariat_state/documents/rc_seg-st_20010123_holy-see-relations_en.html|title=Bilateral a relasion iti Santa Sede|publisher=Santa Sedewebsite|accessdate=2012-06-05}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ti Santa Sede ket maysa a permanente nga agpalpaliiw iti UN iti kategoria iti &quot;Saan a Naikameng nga Estado&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;unnms&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Dagiti Saan a Naikameng nga Estado ken dagiti Entidad |url=http://www.un.org/en/members/nonmembers.shtml|publisher=Nagkaykaysa aPagpagilian|accessdate=30 Agosto 2010|date=29 Pebrero 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt; ken kameng iti [[IAEA]], [[ITU]], [[UPU]], ken[[WIPO]]. Ti Siudad ti Batikano ket tinurayan dagiti opisial nga indutokan ti [[Papa]], nga isu ti Obispo iti Roma ken ''ex officio'' a turay ti Siudad ti Batikano. Ti Santa Sede pay ket administruenna dagiti nadumaduma a [[Dagiti tagikua ti Santa Sede|teritorio a tagikuana]] idiay [[#Italia|Italia]].
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Venezuela}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Bolibariano a Republika ti Venezuela
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}Ti Venezuela ket maysa a [[pederasion]] dagiti [[Dagiti estado iti Venezuela|23 nga estado, 1 a kapitolio a distrito, ken dagiti pederal nga agkamkammatakek]].
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Bietnam}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Sosialista a Republika ti Bietnam
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}Ti Bietnam ket tuntunenna ti pannakaturayan ti [[Is-isla ti Paracel|Paracel]]&lt;ref name=Paracel group=&quot;Nota&quot; /&gt; ken [[Is-isla ti Spratly]].&lt;ref name=Spratly group=&quot;Nota&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=dis /&gt;
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Yemen}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Yemen
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Zambia}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republika ti Zambia
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Zimbabwe}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republika ti Zimbabwe
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan
{{extent}}
|- style=&quot;background:Lightgrey;&quot; class=&quot;sortbottom&quot;
|align=center|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZ&lt;/span&gt;↑ [[Dagiti kameng nga estado ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian|Dagiti kameng nga estado ti UN]] ken [[Sapasap nga Asenmblia dagiti Agpalpaliiw ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian|agpalpaliiw nga estado]] ↑
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A ZZZ&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZ&lt;/span&gt;
|
|- style=&quot;background:White;&quot;
|align=center|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZ&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;AB&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;B&lt;/span&gt;
|
|- style=&quot;background:Lightgrey;&quot; class=&quot;sortbottom&quot;
|align=center|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZ&lt;/span&gt;↓ Dagiti dadduma pay nga estado ↓
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;D AAA&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZ&lt;/span&gt;
|{{Angkla|Dagiti sabali pay nga estado}}
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Abkhazia}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republika ti Abkhazia
| style=&quot;background:LemonChiffon;&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt; Awan ti pannakaikameng
| style=&quot;background:LightCoral;&quot;|{{claimedby|GEORGIA}}
{{extent}}[[Internasional pananabigbigan iti Abkhazia ken Abagatan nga Ossetia|Mabigbigan babaen ti]] Rusia, Nauru, Nicaragua, Tuvalu,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.mfaabkhazia.net/en/node/1082 |title=Iti pannakaipatakder ti diplomatiko a pannakibiang a ti nagbaetan ti Republika ti Abkhazia ken Tuvalu. &amp;#124; Ti Ministro ti Ganganaet a Pannakibiang Republika ti Abkhazia |publisher=Mfaabkhazia.net |date= |accessdate=2011-12-18 |archive-date=2011-11-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111111113856/http://www.mfaabkhazia.net/en/node/1082 |url-status=dead }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111111113856/http://www.mfaabkhazia.net/en/node/1082 |date=2011-11-11 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Vanuatu, Venezuela,&lt;ref name=&quot;STPETTIMES&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Ni Chavez ket Kayatanna ti Abkhazia, Abagatan nga Osetia|url=http://www.times.spb.ru/index.php?action_id=2&amp;story_id=32067|newspaper=St. Petersburg Times| date=27 Hulio 2010|accessdate=5 Hunio 2011|agency=Associated Press}}&lt;/ref&gt; Abagatan nga Osetia ken Transnistria.&lt;ref name=ASOTREC&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.newsru.com/russia/17nov2006/aup.html|language=Ruso|date=2006-11-17|accessdate=2011-06-05|title=Абхазия, Южная Осетия и Приднестровье признали независимость друг друга и призвали всех к этому же|publisher=newsru.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Napno a tinunton babaen ti [[#Georgia|Georgia]] a kas ti [[Gobierno iti Autonomo a Republika ti Abkhazia|Autonomo a Republika ti Abkhazia]].
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Azawad}}'''
| style=&quot;background:LemonChiffon;&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt; Awan ti pannakaikameng
| style=&quot;background:LightCoral;&quot;|{{claimedby|MALI}}
{{extent}}Ti panakawaya manipud iti Mali ket nairangarang idi 6 Abril 2012.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.mnlamov.net/component/content/article/169-declaration-dindependance-de-lazawad.html|title=Déclaration D’Indépendance de L'Azawad|date=2012-04-06|accessdate=2012-04-06|publisher=[[Nailian a Tignay para iti Liberasion iti Azawad]]|archive-date=2012-10-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121018123246/http://www.mnlamov.net/component/content/article/169-declaration-dindependance-de-lazawad.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Awan ti naited a pannakabaigbig.
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Cook Islands}}'''
| style=&quot;background:LemonChiffon;&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt; Kameng ti maysa a [[Listaan dagiti naipangpangruna nga ahensia ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian|Naipangpangruna nga ahensia ti UN]]
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan

{{extent}}A state in [[Associated state|free association]] with [[#N|New Zealand]], recognized by Japan,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.meiji.ac.jp/cip/english/about/news/2011/glqts000000005qk.html|date=2011-06-22|accessdate=2012-01-14|title=Lecture by Prime Minister Puna of the Cook Islands -State recognition of the Cook Islands to lead to furthering cooperation|publisher=Meiji University|archive-date=2019-11-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191101160256/https://www.meiji.ac.jp/cip/english/about/news/2011/glqts000000005qk.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Netherlands&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.ciherald.co.ck/articles/h577a.htm|date=2011-08-17|accessdate=2012-01-14|title=Cook Islands and the Netherlands establish Diplomatic Relations|publisher=The Cook Islands Herald}}&lt;/ref&gt; and China.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.chinaembassy.org.nz/eng/kkqd/t39446.htm|date=2003-10-27|accessdate=2012-01-14|title=Joint Communique Between the People's Republic of China and the Cook Islands on the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations|publisher=The Embassy of the People's Republic of China in New Zealand}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Cook Islands is a member of multiple UN agencies with full treaty making capacity.&lt;ref name=&quot;untreaty1&quot; /&gt; It shares a [[Monarchy of New Zealand|head of state]] with New Zealand as well as having [[New Zealand nationality law|shared citizenship]].
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Kosovo}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republika ti Kosovo
| style=&quot;background:LemonChiffon;&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt; Member of some [[List of specialized agencies of the United Nations|UN specialized agencies]]
| style=&quot;background:LightCoral;&quot;|{{claimedby|SERBIA}}
{{extent}}Kosovo unilaterally declared independence in 2008 and it has {{Numrec|Kos|received diplomatic recognition from|UN member states}} and the [[Republic of China]]. Pursuant to [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 1244]], Kosovo is formally under the administration of the [[United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo]]. Serbia continues to maintain its sovereignty claim over Kosovo. Other UN member states and non UN member states continue to recognise Serbian sovereignty or have taken no position on the question. Kosovo is a member of the [[International Monetary Fund]] and the [[World Bank Group]]. The Republic of Kosovo has de facto control over most of the territory, with limited control in [[North Kosovo]].
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Nagorno-Karabakh}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republika ti Nagorno-Karabakh
| style=&quot;background:LemonChiffon;&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt; Awan ti pannakaikameng
| style=&quot;background:LightCoral;&quot;|{{claimedby|AZERBAIJAN}}
{{extent}}A de facto independent state,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Krüger, Heiko|title=The Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict: A Legal Analysis|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=7JDCQu-Us8sC&amp;lpg=PP1&amp;pg=PA55#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false|page=55|publisher=Springer|year=2010|isbn=978-3-642-11787-9}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Nikoghosyan, Hovhannes|title=Kosovo ruling implications for Armenia and Azerbaijan|url=http://www.huliq.com/1/803-kosovo-ruling-implications-armenia-and-azerbaijan|newspaper=HULIQ.com|publisher=Hareyan Publishing, LLC|date=Agosto 2010|accessdate=2011-04-17}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Foreign relations of Nagorno-Karabakh|recognised only by]] [[Abkhazia]],&lt;ref name=&quot;NKRrecognition&quot;&gt;[http://ararat-online.ru/news/984-2025-vice-spiker-parlamenta-abxazii-vybory-v-nkr-sootvetstvuyut-vsem-mezhdunarodnym-standartam.html Вице-спикер парламента Абхазии: Выборы в НКР соответствуют всем международным стандартам] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811164310/http://ararat-online.ru/news/984-2025-vice-spiker-parlamenta-abxazii-vybory-v-nkr-sootvetstvuyut-vsem-mezhdunarodnym-standartam.html |date=2011-08-11 }}: &quot;Абхазия, Южная Осетия, НКР и Приднестровье уже давно признали независимость друг друга и очень тесно сотрудничают между собой&quot;, - сказал вице-спикер парламента Абхазии. … &quot;...Абхазия признала независимость Нагорно-Карабахской Республики...&quot; - сказал он.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; [[South Ossetia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;NKRrecognition&quot; /&gt; and [[Transnistria]].&lt;ref name=&quot;NKRrecognition&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;transgovt&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://pridnestrovie.net/foreignpolicy_full.html|title=In detail: The foreign policy of Pridnestrovie|publisher=[[Pridnestrovie]]|date=2010-05-26|accessdate=2010-06-29|archive-date=2008-05-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080511144044/http://pridnestrovie.net/foreignpolicy_full.html|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080511144044/http://pridnestrovie.net/foreignpolicy_full.html |date=2008-05-11 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Claimed in whole by [[#Azerbaijan|Azerbaijan]].&lt;ref&gt;See [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/country_profiles/3658938.stm Dagiti rehion ken teritorio: Nagorno-Karabakh] (17 Enero 2006). BBC News. Naala idi Enero 17, 2006.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Niue}}'''
|style=&quot;background-color:LemonChiffon&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt; Member of some [[List of specialized agencies of the United Nations|UN specialized agencies]]
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Awan

{{extent}}Maysa nga estado idiay [[Asosiado nga estado|nawaya nga asosasion]] iti [[#N|Baro a Selanda]], mabigbigan babaen ti Tsina.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://lt.china-embassy.org/eng/xwdt/t391353.htm|date=2007-12-19|accessdate=2012-02-07|title=Joint Comminuque on the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations Between Niue and the People's Republic of China|publisher=Embassy of the People's Republic of China in Lithuania}}&lt;/ref&gt; Niue is a member of multiple UN agencies with full treaty making capacity.&lt;ref name=&quot;untreaty1&quot; /&gt; It shares a [[Monarchy of New Zealand|head of state]] with New Zealand as well as having [[New Zealand nationality law|shared citizenship]].
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Northern Cyprus}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus
| style=&quot;background:LemonChiffon;&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt; Awan ti panakaikaemng
| style=&quot;background:LightCoral;&quot;| Tinunton babaen ti [[Cyprus]]
{{extent}} [[Foreign relations of Northern Cyprus|Recognised only by]] [[#Turkia|Turkia]]. It has participated as an observer state of the [[Organisation of Islamic Cooperation]] under the name &quot;Turkish Cypriot State&quot; since 1979. In addition, the [[Nakhchivan]] Autonomous Republic regards TRNC as sovereign but [[#Azerbaijan|Azerbaijan]] has not followed suit.{{Citation needed|date=Hunio 2011}} Northern Cyprus is claimed in whole by the [[#Cyprus|Republic of Cyprus]].&lt;ref&gt;See [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cy.html The World Factbook|Cyprus] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226020655/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cy.html |date=2018-12-26 }} (10 Enero 2006). Central Intelligence Agency. Naala idi Enero 17, 2006.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|valign=top|'''{{flagcountry|State of Palestine}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Estado ti Palestina
| style=&quot;background:LemonChiffon;&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt; Member of one [[List of specialized agencies of the United Nations|UN specialized agency]]
| style=&quot;background:LightCoral;&quot;|{{claimedby|ISRAEL}}
{{extent}}The declared State of Palestine has received diplomatic recognition from {{Numrec|Pal}} states.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author=Palestine Liberation Organization|title=Road For Palestinian Statehood: Recognition and Admission|url=http://www.nad-plo.org/etemplate.php?id=5|publisher=Negotiations Affairs Department|accessdate=2011-07-28}}&lt;/ref&gt; The proclaimed state has no agreed territorial borders, or effective control on the territory that it proclaimed.&lt;ref&gt;See the following on statehood criteria:
* {{Citation|author=Mendes, Errol|title=Statehood and Palestine for the purposes of Article 12 (3) of the ICC Statute|url=http://uclalawforum.com/media/background/gaza/2010-03-30_Mendes-Memo.pdf|pages=28, 33|date=30 Marso 2010|publisher=30 Marso 2010|accessdate=2011-04-17|postscript=:}} &quot;...the Palestinian State also meets the traditional criteria under the Montevideo Convention...&quot;; &quot;...the fact that a majority of states have recognized Palestine as a State should easily fulfill the requisite state practice&quot;.
* {{Citation|author=McKinney, Kathryn M.|title=The Legal Effects of the Israeli-PLO Declaration ofPrinciples: Steps Toward Statehood for Palestine|url=http://lawpublications.seattleu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1438&amp;context=sulr&amp;sei-redir=1#search=%22palestine+%22constitutive+theory%22+statehood%22|journal=Seattle University Law Review|volume=18|issue=93|year=1994|page=97|publisher=Seattle University|accessdate=2011-04-17|postscript=:|archive-date=2011-07-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722063030/http://lawpublications.seattleu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1438&amp;context=sulr&amp;sei-redir=1#search=%22palestine+%22constitutive+theory%22+statehood%22|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722063030/http://lawpublications.seattleu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1438&amp;context=sulr&amp;sei-redir=1#search=%22palestine+%22constitutive+theory%22+statehood%22 |date=2011-07-22 }} &quot;It is possible, however, to argue for Palestinian statehood based on the constitutive theory&quot;.
* {{Citation|author=McDonald, Avril|title=Operation Cast Lead: Drawing the Battle Lines of the Legal Dispute|url=https://litigation-essentials.lexisnexis.com/webcd/app?action=DocumentDisplay&amp;crawlid=1&amp;doctype=cite&amp;docid=16+Hum.+Rts.+Br.+25&amp;srctype=smi&amp;srcid=3B15&amp;key=74ccae52ba220673512e7784449388f0|journal=Human Rights Brief|volume=25|date=Spring 2009|publisher=Washington College of Law, Center for Human Rights and Humanitarian Law|accessdate=2011-04-17|postscript=:}} &quot;Whether one applies the criteria of statehood set out in the Montevideo Convention or the more widely accepted constitutive theory of statehood, Palestine might be considered a state.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; The [[Palestinian National Authority]] is an interim administrative body formed as a result of the [[Oslo Accords]] that exercises limited autonomous jurisdiction within the [[Palestinian territories]]. In foreign relations, Palestine is represented by the [[Palestine Liberation Organization]], which has permanent observer status at the United Nations General Assembly as a non-member entity.&lt;ref name=&quot;unnms&quot; /&gt; The State of Palestine is a member state of UNESCO.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author=United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization|title=Arab States: Palestine|url=http://www.unesco.org/new/en/unesco/worldwide/arab-states/palestine/|publisher=United Nations|accessdate=3 Disiembre 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic}}'''
| style=&quot;background:LemonChiffon;&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt; Awan ti pannakaikameng
| style=&quot;background:LightCoral;&quot;|{{claimedby|MOROCCO}}
{{extent}}Recognised by [[Legal status of Western Sahara#States recognizing the SADR|84 other states]]. It is a founding member of the [[African Union]] and the Asian-African Strategic Partnership formed at the 2005 [[Asian-African Conference]]. The territories under its control, the so-called [[Free Zone (region)|Free Zone]], are claimed in whole by [[#Morocco|Morocco]] as part of its [[Southern Provinces]]. In turn, the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic claims the part of [[Western Sahara]] to the west of the [[Wall (Western Sahara)|Moroccan Wall]] controlled by Morocco. Its government resides in exile in [[Tindouf]], [[#Arhelia|Arhelia]].
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Somaliland}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republika ti Somaliland
| style=&quot;background:LemonChiffon;&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt; Awan ti pannakaikameng
| style=&quot;background:LightCoral;&quot;|{{claimedby|SOMALIA}}
{{extent}}A de facto independent state,&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|author=International Crisis Group|title=Somaliland: Time for African Union leadership|journal=Africa Report|issue=110|pages=10–13|date=23 Mayo 2006|url=http://www.operationspaix.net/IMG/pdf/ICG_Somaliland_AU_Leadership_2006-05-23_.pdf|accessdate=2011-04-19|archive-date=2011-07-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720022321/http://www.operationspaix.net/IMG/pdf/ICG_Somaliland_AU_Leadership_2006-05-23_.pdf|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720022321/http://www.operationspaix.net/IMG/pdf/ICG_Somaliland_AU_Leadership_2006-05-23_.pdf |date=2011-07-20 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|author=Mesfin, Berouk|title=The political development of Somaliland and its conflict with Puntland|journal=ISS Paper|issue=200|page=8|publisher=Institute for Security Studies|date=Septiembre 2009|url=http://www.somalilandtimes.net/sl/2009/403/P200.pdf|accessdate=2011-04-19}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|author=Arieff, Alexis|title=De Facto Statehood? The Strange Case of Somaliland|url=http://yalejournal.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/083206arieff.pdf|journal=Yale Journal of International Affairs|issue=Spring/Summer 2008|accessdate=2011-04-17|archive-date=2011-12-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111213214545/http://yalejournal.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/083206arieff.pdf|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111213214545/http://yalejournal.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/083206arieff.pdf |date=2011-12-13 }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Foreign relations of Somaliland|not diplomatically recognised by]] any other state, claimed in whole by the [[#Somali Republic|Somali Republic]].&lt;ref&gt;See [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/country_profiles/3794847.stm Regions and territories: Somaliland] (30 Disiembre 2005). BBC News. Naala idi Enero 17, 2006.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|South Ossetia}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republika ti Abagatan nga Osetia
| style=&quot;background:LemonChiffon;&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt; Awan ti pannakaikameng
| style=&quot;background:LightCoral;&quot;|{{claimedby|GEORGIA}}
{{extent}}A de facto independent state,&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|author=Jansen, Dinah|title=The Conflict between Self-Determination and Territorial Integrity: the South Ossetian Paradigm|url=http://centreforforeignpolicystudies.dal.ca/pdf/gradsymp09/Jansen.pdf|journal=Geopolitics vs. Global Governance: Reinterpreting International Security|pages=222–242|year=2009|publisher=Centre for Foreign Policy Studies, University of Dalhousie|isbn=978-1-896440-61-3}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[International recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia|recognised by]] Russia, Nicaragua, Nauru, Venezuela,&lt;ref name=&quot;STPETTIMES&quot; /&gt; Abkhazia and Transnistria.&lt;ref name=ASOTREC /&gt; Claimed in whole by [[#Georgia|Georgia]] as the [[Provisional Administrative Entity of South Ossetia]].&lt;ref name=&quot;cnnAbSO&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Russia condemned for recognizing rebel regions|url=http://www.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/europe/08/26/russia.vote.georgia/index.html|newspaper=CNN.com|publisher=Cable News Network|date=2008-08-26|accessdate=2008-08-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Republic of China|name=Taiwan}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of China&lt;ref name=&quot;ChinaTaiwan&quot; group=&quot;Nota&quot; /&gt;
| style=&quot;background:LemonChiffon;&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt; Former UN member state;
Participant in some UN related organizations as &quot;Chinese Taipei&quot;
| style=&quot;background:LightCoral;&quot;|{{claimedby|PRC}}
{{extent}}A state competing for recognition with the [[People's Republic of China]] as the government of China since 1949. The Republic of China controls the island of [[Taiwan]] and associated islands, Quemoy, Matsu, the Pratas and parts of the [[Spratly Islands]],&lt;ref name=Spratly group=&quot;Nota&quot; /&gt; and has not renounced claims over its annexed territories on the [[Mainland China|mainland]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Ma refers to China as ROC territory in magazine interview |work=[[Taipei Times]] |date=2008-10-08 |url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2008/10/08/2003425320}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Republic of China is recognised by {{Numrec|ROC|asof=E||states}}, including the Holy See. The territory of the Republic of China is claimed in whole by the People's Republic of China.&lt;ref name=&quot;TAI2&quot; group=&quot;Nota&quot;&gt;In 1949, the Republic of China government led by the [[Kuomintang]] (KMT) lost the [[Chinese Civil War]] to the [[Communist Party of China]] (CPC) and set up a provisional capital in [[Taipei]]. The CPC established the PRC. As such, the [[Political status of Taiwan|political status]] of the ROC and the [[legal status of Taiwan]] (alongside the [[Free Area of the Republic of China|territories]] currently under ROC jurisdiction) are in dispute. In 1971, the United Nations gave the [[China and the United Nations|China seat]] to the PRC and the ROC withdrew from the UN. Most states recognise the PRC to be the [[One-China policy|sole legitimate representative]] of all China, and the UN classifies Taiwan as &quot;[[Taiwan Province, People's Republic of China|Taiwan, Province of China]]&quot;. The ROC has de facto relations with most sovereign states. A significant political movement within Taiwan advocates [[Taiwan independence]].&lt;/ref&gt; The Republic of China participates in the [[World Health Organization]] and a number of non-UN international organizations such as the [[World Trade Organization]], [[International Olympic Committee]] and others under a variety of pseudonyms, most commonly &quot;[[Chinese Taipei]]&quot;. The Republic of China enjoyed UN membership from 1945 to 1971.
|-
|valign=top|'''{{wagayway|Transnistria}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Transnistrian Moldovan Republic (Pridnestrovie, Trans-Dniester)
| style=&quot;background:LemonChiffon;&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt; Awan ti pannakaikameng
| style=&quot;background:LightCoral;&quot;|{{claimedby|MOLDOVA}}
{{extent}}A de facto independent state, [[Foreign relations of Transnistria|recognised only by]] Abkhazia ken Abagatan nga Osetia.&lt;ref name=ASOTREC /&gt; Napno a tinunton babaen ti [[#Moldova|Moldova]] a kas ti ''Teritorio a Paset ti Transnistria''.&lt;ref&gt;Kitaen ti [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/country_profiles/3641826.stm Regions and territories: Trans-Dniester] (13 Disiembre 2005). BBC News. Naala idi Enero 17, 2006.&lt;/ref&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:Lightgrey;&quot; class=&quot;sortbottom&quot;
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|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;D ZZZ&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZ&lt;/span&gt;
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|- style=&quot;background:Darkgrey;&quot;
|align=center|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZZ&lt;/span&gt;
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|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZZ&lt;/span&gt;
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|}

== Alagaden para iti pannakairaman ==
The dominant [[customary international law]] standard of statehood is the [[Sovereign state#Declarative theory|declarative theory of statehood]] that defines the state as a person of international law if it &quot;possess[es] the following qualifications: (a) a permanent population; (b) a defined territory; (c) government; and (d) capacity to enter into relations with the other states.&quot; Debate exists on the degree to which [[Diplomatic recognition|recognition]] should be included as a criterion of statehood. The declarative theory of statehood, an example of which can be found in the [[Montevideo Convention]], argues that statehood is purely objective and recognition of a state by other states is irrelevant. On the other end of the spectrum, the [[Sovereign state#Constitutive theory|constitutive theory of statehood]] defines a state as a person under international law only if it is recognized as [[Sovereignty|sovereign]] by other states. For the purposes of this list, included are all states that either:
* (a) have declared independence and are often regarded as having control over a permanently populated territory
or
* (b) are recognized as a sovereign state by at least one other sovereign state

Nota that in some cases there is a divergence of opinion over the interpretation of the first point, and whether an entity satisfies it is disputed.

On the basis of the above criteria, this list includes the following 207 entities:&lt;ref&gt;The following bullets are grouped according to the availability of sources for the two criteria ((a) and/or (b)). This arrangement is not intended to reflect the relative importance of the two theories. Additional details are discussed in the state's individual entries.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;micros&quot; group=&quot;Nota&quot;&gt;The non-state sovereign entity [[Sovereign Military Order of Malta|Order of Malta]] is not included. It claims neither statehood nor any territory. Entities considered to be [[micronation]]s are not included. It is often up to debate whether a micronation truly controls its claimed territory. Also omitted from this list are all [[uncontacted people]]s, either who live in [[Stateless society|societies that cannot be defined as states]] or whose statuses as such are not definitively known.&lt;/ref&gt;
* 203 states recognized by at least one [[Member states of the United Nations|UN member state]]
* Two states that control a permanently populated territory and are recognized only by non-UN member states: [[Nagorno-Karabakh Republic]], [[Transnistria]]
* Two states that control a permanently populated territory and are not recognized by any other state: [[Azawad]], [[Somaliland]]

== Dagiti paammo ==
{{Reflist|group=&quot;Nota&quot;}}

== Dagiti nagibasaran ==
{{Reflist}}

== Bibliograpia ==
* {{cite web|author = Pederal a Ganganaet nga Opisiana ti Alemania|title = Amtliche Bezeichnungen ausländischer Staaten in den Landessprachen|publisher = Gobierno iti Alemania|date = 22 Abril 2009|url = http://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/cae/servlet/contentblob/373536/publicationFile/3858/StaatennamenLandessprache.pdf|format = PDF|accessdate = 2010-07-14}}
* {{Cite book |title=Ti Lubong: Ti Alagaden ti Maiatlo a Lubong: 1995/96 |url=https://archive.org/details/worldthirdworldg0000unse |editor1-last=Bissio |editor1-first=Roberto Remo |publisher=Instituto del Tercer Mundo |year=1995 |location=Montevideo |isbn=978-0-85598-291-1 |oclc=476299738}}
* {{cite web|title=Dagiti Pagilian wenno Luglugar, codes and abbreviations|url=http://unstats.un.org/unsd/methods/m49/m49alpha.htm|publisher=Dagiti Estadistika a Dibision, Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian|date=1 Abril 2010}}
* {{cite web|last=Davis|first=Tim|title=Dagiti Pagilian ti Lubonmg ken Listaan dagiti Estado |url=http://www.timdavis.com.au/data/|work=Timdavis.com.au|date=19 Pebrero 2009}}
* {{cite web|title=Heograpiko a Nagnagan|url=http://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/english/geoinfo/geoname.pdf|publisher=Departamento iti Publiko a Pakaammo, Kartograpiko a Paset, Nagkaykaysa a Pagilian|date=7 Septiembre 2000}}
* {{cite web|title=ISO 3166-1 nagnagan ti Pagilian ken dagiti kodigo nga elemento|url=http://www.iso.org/iso/country_codes/iso_3166_code_lists/country_names_and_code_elements.htm|publisher=Internasional nga Organisasion para iti Pagalagadan|year=2010}}
* {{cite web|title=Listaan dagiti pagilian, dagiti teritorio ken dagiti kuarta|url=http://publications.europa.eu/code/en/en-5000500.htm|publisher=Opisina a Pagipablaakan iti Kappon ti Europa|date=4 Mayo 2010}}
* {{cite web|last=Madore|first=David|title=Mano a pagilian ket ti adda iti lubong?|url=http://www.madore.org/~david/misc/countries.html|work=Madore.org|date=3 Agosto 2003}}
* {{cite web|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/index.html|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|location=Estados unidos|year=2010|access-date=2012-07-16|archive-date=2008-08-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080812233855/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/index.html|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080812233855/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/index.html |date=2008-08-12 }}
* {{Cite book |url=http://books.google.com/?id=NYszJtC66FAC&amp;pg=PA161&amp;dq=%22official+name%22+palestine&amp;q=%22official%20name%22%20palestine |page=161 |title=Panagrepaso ti Tengnga a Daya 2003/04: Ti Ekonomiko ken Negosio a Reporta|author=World of Information (Firm), ken Internasional a Kamara iti Komersio |edition=27th |location=Londres |publisher=Kogan Page |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-7494-4066-4 |oclc=51992589}}

[[Kategoria:Dagiti listaan ti pagpagilian|*Naturay nga estado]]</text>
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{{Infobox pagilian
| conventional_long_name = Pagarian ti Tailandia
| native_name = {{lang|th|ราชอาณาจักรไทย}}&lt;br /&gt;''Ratcha Anachak Thai''
| common_name = Tailandia
| image_flag = Flag of Thailand.svg
| image_coat = Emblem of Thailand.svg
| symbol_type = Kayarigan
| national_motto = &lt;br /&gt;{{small|(saan nga opisial)}} {{patubo a nagan|th|{{big|ชาติ ศาสนา พระมหากษัตริย์}}|italics=off}}&lt;br /&gt;''Chat, Satsana, Phra Maha Kasat''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|&quot;Pagilian, Dagiti Relihion, Ari&quot;}}
| national_anthem = ''[[Nailian a Kanta ti Tailandia|Phleng Chat Thai]]''{{brk}}''Nailian a Kanta ti Tailandia (instrumental)''{{brk|2}}[[Papeles:Thai National Anthem - US Navy Band.ogg|center]]
| royal_anthem =''[[Sansoen Phra Barami]]''{{brk}}''Naarian a Kanta ti Tailandia (instrumental)''{{brk|2}}[[Papeles:Thai Royal Anthem - US Navy Band.ogg|center]]
| image_map = Thailand ASEAN.PNG
|map_caption = Lokasion ti Tailandia (nangisit a berde) iti [[ASEAN]] (napusasaw a berde) ken Asia
| image_map2 = Thailand - Location Map (2013) - THA - UNOCHA.svg
| capital = [[Bangkok]]
| coordinates = {{Coord|13|45|N|100|29|E|type:city}}
| largest_city = kapitolio
| official_languages = [[Pagsasao a Tailandes|Tailandes]]&lt;ref name=CIA&gt;[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/th.html Thailand] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101229000203/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/th.html |date=2010-12-29 }}, CIA World Factbook.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!--Thai is the official language. English is a non-official secondary language.--&gt;
| languages_type = [[Opisial a sinuratan]]
| languages = [[Alpabeto a Tailandes]]
| religion = [[Budismo]]
| ethnic_groups =  {{unbulleted list
  | 75–85% [[Tattao a Tailandes|Tailandes]] &lt;small&gt;(mairaman ti [[Sentral a Tailandes]], [[Tattao nga Isan|Akin-amianan a daya a Tailandes]]&lt;ref name=McCargoHong&gt;{{citation
 | last1 = McCargo
 | first1 = Duncan
 | last2 = Hongladarom
 | first2 = Krisadawan
 | year = 2004
 | title = Contesting Isan-ness: Discourses of politics and identity in Northeast Thailand
 |journal= Asian Ethnicity
 |volume= 5|series= |issue= 2 |page= 219
 | publisher = Taylor &amp; Francis
 | issn = 1463-1369
 | url = http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1463136042000221898#.UyEjBc7iPvc | doi=10.1080/1463136042000221898}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Tattao nga Akin-amianan a Tailandes|Akin-amianan a Tailandes]] ken [[Akin-abagatan a Tailandia|Akin-abagatan a Tailandes]])&lt;ref&gt;{{citation |author=David Levinson |title=Ethnic Groups Worldwide: A Ready Reference Handbook |publisher=Oryx Pres |year=1998 |page=287|isbn=1-57356-019-7}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Ethno2013&gt;{{citation
 | last1 = Paul
 | first1 = Lewis M.
 | last2 = Simons
 | first2 = Gary F.
 | last3 = Fennig
 | first3 = Charles D.
 | year = 2013
 | title = Ethnologue: Languages of the World
 | publisher = SIL International
 | isbn = 978-1-55671-216-6
 | url = http://www.ethnologue.com
|quote = }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
  | 14% [[Insik a Tailandes]]
  | 11% Dadduma pay &lt;small&gt;(mairaman ti [[Tattao a Tailandes a Malayo|Malayo]], [[Tattao a Mon|Mon]], [[Tattao nga Akin-amianan a Khmer|Khmer]], &quot;[[Tribu ti turod (Tailandia)|Dagiti tribu ti turod]]&quot;)&lt;/small&gt;
 }}
|ethnic_groups_year = 2009&lt;ref name=&quot;West794&quot;&gt;{{citation |author=Barbara A. West |title=Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Asia and Oceania |publisher=Facts on File |year=2009 |page=794|isbn=1-4381-1913-5}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| demonym = [[Demograpia ti Tailandia|Tailandes]], Taga-Tailandia
| government_type = [[Batay-linteg a monarkia]] a minatonan babaen ti [[Nailian a Konseho para iti Kappia ken Urnos|hunta militar]]
| leader_title1 = [[Monarkia ti Tailandia|Monarkia]]
| leader_name1 =  [[Vajiralongkorn|Rama X]]
| leader_title2 = [[Kangrunaan a Ministro ti Tailandia|Kangrunaan a Ministro]]
| leader_name2 = [[Prayut Chan-o-cha]]
| legislature = [[Nailian nga Asemblia ti Tailandia|Nailian nga Asemblia]] (di nabutosan)
| sovereignty_type = [[Pakasaritaan ti Tailandia|Pannakaporma]]
| established_event1 = [[Pagarian ti Sukhothai]]
| established_date1 = 1238–1448
| established_event2 = [[Pagarian ti Ayutthaya]]
| established_date2 = 1351–1767
| established_event3 = [[Pagarian ti Thonburi]]
| established_date3 = 1768–1782
| established_event4 = [[Pagarian ti Rattanakosin]]
| established_date4 = 6 Abril 1782
| established_event5 = {{nowrap|[[Siames a rebolusion ti 1932|Batay-linteg a monarkia]]}}
| established_date5 = 24 Hunio 1932
| established_event6 = {{nowrap|[[Interim a Batay-linteg ti Tailandia ti 2014|Agdama a Batay-linteg]]}}
| established_date6 = 22 Hulio 2014&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Thailand's new provisional constitution|url=http://englishnews.thaipbs.or.th/thailands-new-provisional-constitution|website=Thai PBS|date=22 Hulio 2014|accessdate=14 Disiembre 2014|archive-date=2014-12-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141229032939/http://englishnews.thaipbs.or.th/thailands-new-provisional-constitution|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| area_rank = Maika-51
| area_km2 = 513,120
| area_sq_mi = 198,115
| percent_water = {{nowrap|0.4 (2,230 km{{smallsup|2}})}}
| population_estimate = 68,200,824&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html |title=CIA World FactBook 2016 |access-date=2017-08-02 |archive-date=2011-09-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927165947/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_estimate_rank = Maika-20
| population_estimate_year = 2016
| population_census = 64,785,909&lt;ref&gt;{{iti sao|th}} National Statistics Office, [http://popcensus.nso.go.th/doc/8-thailand%20census.doc &quot;100th anniversary of population censuses in Thailand: Population and housing census 2010: 11th census of Thailand&quot;]. popcensus.nso.go.th.&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_census_year = 2010
| population_density_km2 = 132.1
| population_density_sq_mi = 342
| population_density_rank = Maika-88
| GDP_PPP = US$990.093 bilion&lt;ref name=imf2&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2014/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2013&amp;ey=2018&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;pr1.x=49&amp;pr1.y=10&amp;c=578&amp;s=NGDP_RPCH%2CNGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC&amp;grp=0&amp;a=
|title=Thailand |publisher=[[Internasional a Pundo ti Panguartaan]] |accessdate=1 Oktubre 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| GDP_PPP_rank = Maika-22
| GDP_PPP_year = 2014
| GDP_PPP_per_capita = US$14,442&lt;ref name=imf2 /&gt;
| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank =
| GDP_nominal = {{nowrap|US$387.253-bilion&lt;ref name=imf2 /&gt;}}
| GDP_nominal_rank =
| GDP_nominal_year = 2013
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = US$5,675&lt;ref name=imf2 /&gt;
| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank =
| Gini_year = 2010
| Gini_change =  &lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;
| Gini = 42.5 &lt;!--number only--&gt;
| Gini_ref =&lt;ref name=&quot;wb-gini&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI/ |title=Gini Index |publisher=World Bank |accessdate=2 Marso 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| Gini_rank =
| HDI_year = 2013&lt;!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--&gt;
| HDI_change = steady&lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;
| HDI = 0.722 &lt;!--number only--&gt;
|HDI_ref = &lt;ref name=&quot;HDI&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr14-summary-en.pdf |title=2014 Human Development Report Summary |date=2014 |accessdate=27 Hulio 2014 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme | pages=21–25}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| HDI_rank = Maika-89
| currency = [[Baht ti Tailandia|Baht]] (฿)
| currency_code = THB
| time_zone = [[Oras idiay Tailandia|ICT]]
| utc_offset = +7
| time_zone_DST = | DST_note = | utc_offset_DST = &lt;!-- +N, where N is number of hours --&gt;
| drives_on = kanigid
| calling_code = [[+66]]
| cctld = {{unbulleted list |[[.th]] |[[.ไทย]]}}
}}
{{Aglaon ti teksto a Tailandes}}

Ti '''Tailandia'''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite-Rubino|Tailandia|page=398}}&lt;/ref&gt;, opisial a ti '''Pagarian ti Tailandia''', sigud idi a kas ti '''Siam'''{{efn|{{lang-th|สยาม}}}}, ket maysa a pagilian a mabirukan iti sentro iti [[Indotsina]] a peninsula idiay Abagatan a daya nga Asia. Nabeddengan daytoy iti amianan babaen ti [[Burma]] ken [[Laos]], iti daya babaen ti Laos ken [[Cambodia]], iti abagatan babaen ti [[Golpo ti Tailandia]] ken [[Malaysia]], ken iti laud babaen ti [[Baybay Andaman]] ken ti akin-abagatan unay nga ungto iti Burma. Dagiti maipapan iti baybay a pagbeddenganna ket mairaman ti [[Bietnam]] idiay Golpo ti Tailandia iti abagatan a daya, ken ti [[Indonesia]] ken [[India]] idiay Baybay Andanan iti abagatan a laud.

Daytoy a pagilian ket maysa a [[batay-linteg monarkia]], nga indauluan babaen ni Ari [[Bhumibol Adulyadej|Rama IX]], ti [[Listaan dagiti Ari iti Tailandia|maikasiam nga ari]] iti [[Chakri a Dinastia|Kamara iti Chakri]], nga isu, a nagturay manipud idi 1946, ket isu ti [[Listaan dagiti kabayagan nga agdama nga agturturay|kabayagan nga agserserbi]] a [[pangulo iti estado]] ken ti [[Listaan dagiti kabayagan nga agturturay a monarkia iti amin a panawen|kabayagan nga agturturay]] a [[Monarkia iti Tailandia|monarkia]] iti [[Pakasaritaan iti Tailandia|Tailandes a pakasaritaan]].&lt;ref name=&quot;longestthai&quot;&gt;{{cite web |year=1996 |url=http://www.worldhop.com/Journals/J5/ROYAL.HTM |title=Maysa a Naarian a Bitla dagiti okasion |publisher=Worldhop.com a Warnakan |accessdate=5 Hulio 2006 |archive-date=2006-05-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060512194220/http://www.worldhop.com/Journals/J5/ROYAL.HTM |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ti ari ti Tailandia ket natituloan a kas ti Pangulo iti Estado, Pangulo dagiti Siiigam a Buyot, ti Agtengtengngel iti Budista a relihion, ken ti Agsalsalakbnib kadagiti amin a Pammati.

Ti Tailandia ket isu ti [[Listaan dagiti pagilian ken territorio babaen ti dagup a kadakkel|maika-51 a kadakkelan a pagilian]] iti lubong iti termino iti dagup a kalawa, nga adda ti kalawa ti agarup a {{convert|513000|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}, ken isu ti [[Listaan dagiti pagilian babaen ti populasion|maika-20 a kaaduan ti populasion a pagilian]], nga adda ti agarup a 64 a riwriw a tattao. Ti kapitoliona ken kadakkelan a siudad ket ti [[Bangkok]], nga isu daytoy ti politikal, komersio, industria ken kultural a sentro ti Tailandia. Agarup a 75% iti populasion ket etniko a [[Tattao a Tailandes|Tailandes]], 14% ket iti [[Insik a Tailandes|Insik]] a kaputotan, ken 3% ket etniko a dagiti [[Tailandes a Malayo|Malayo]];&lt;ref name=CIA /&gt; ti nabati ket tagikua dagiti minoridad a grupo a mairaman dagiti [[Tattao a Mon|Mon]], [[Khmers]] ken dagiti nadumaduma a [[Tribu ti Turod (Tailandia)|tribu ti turod]]. Ti opisial a pagsasao iti daytoy a pagilian ket [[Pagsasao a Tailandes|Tailandes]]. Ti kangrunaan a relihion ket [[Budismo]], a daytoy ket isansanay babaen ti agarup a 95% iti populasion.

Ti Tailandia ket nakapadas ti napardas a panagrang-ay ti ekomoniana idi nagbaetan ti 1985 ken1995, ken agdama daytoy a [[baro a naiindustria a pagilan]] ken maysa a kangrunaaan nga agkomkomersio iti ruar. Ti [[Turismo idiay Tailandia|turismo]] ket adu pay nga agiparawad ti Tilandés nga ekonomia, ken daytoy a pagiian ket balayan kadagiti adu a naam-ammuan a papanan dagiti turista, a mairaman ti [[Probinsia ti Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya|Ayutthaya]], [[Pattaya]], [[Bangkok]], [[Isla ti Phuket|Phuket]], [[Krabi]], [[Chiang Mai]], [[Hua Hin]] ken [[Ko Samui]].&lt;ref name=&quot;middleIncomeCountry&quot;&gt;[http://www.worldbank.or.th/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/EASTASIAPACIFICEXT/THAILANDEXTN/0,,menuPK:333304~pagePK:141132~piPK:141121~theSitePK:333296,00.html Ti Tailandia ken ti Banko ti Lubong] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051216004454/http://www.worldbank.or.th/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/EASTASIAPACIFICEXT/THAILANDEXTN/0,,menuPK:333304~pagePK:141132~piPK:141121~theSitePK:333296,00.html |date=2005-12-16 }}, ti Banko ti Lubong a panagtaldiap ti pagilian ti Tailandia.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;GuardianThailandOverview&quot;&gt;Ti Guarda, [http://www.guardian.co.uk/country-profile/thailand Bariweswes ti Pagilian: Tailandia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090428114824/http://www.guardian.co.uk/country-profile/thailand |date=2009-04-28 }}, 25 Abril 2009.&lt;/ref&gt; Adda dagiti agarup a 5.2 riwriw a nalinteg ken di-nalinteg nga imigrante idiay Tailandia,&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=84844 TAILANDIA: Dagiti ubbing a Birmano nga imigrante a saan a nakaadal]. IRIN Asia. 15 Hunio 2009.&lt;/ref&gt; ken daytoy a pagilian ket nakaawis kadagiti ekspatriado manipud kadagiti narang-ay a pagilian.&lt;ref&gt;[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/6176647.stm Narigat a panagadal iti paraiso ti ekspatriado]. BBC News. 14 Disiembre 2006.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Etimolohia ==
Ti opisial a nagan idi ti pagilian ket ''[[Pakasaritaan ti Tailandia|Siam]]'' ({{lang-th|[[wikt:สยาม|สยาม]]}} {{RTGS|Sayam}}, {{IPA-th|sàjǎːm|pron}}) aginggana idi 23 Hunio 1939,&lt;ref name=&quot;ThaiCSM&quot;&gt;[http://www.csmngt.com/thailand_history.htm Pakasaritaan ti Tailandia (Siam)], CSMngt-Thai.&lt;/ref&gt; idi nasukatan daytoy ti Tailandia. Daytoy ket nanaganan manen ti Siam manipud idi 1945 aginggaa idi 11 Mayo 1949, a kalpasan daytoy ket nanaganan manen ti Tailandia. Daytoy ket nailetra pay a kas ti ''Siem'', ''Syâm'' wenno ''Syâma'', daytoy ket nainagananen iti [[Sanskrito]] a ''Śyâma'' ([[wiktionary:श्याम|श्याम]], a kayatna a sawen ket &quot;nangisit&quot; wenno &quot;kayumanggi&quot;). Dagiti nagan a [[Tattao a Shan|Shan]] ken A-hom ket mabalin a sabsabali a kita ti isu met laeng a balikas, ken ti Śyâma ket mabalin a saan nga isu ti nagtaudan ngem ti naadal ken parbo a pannakabakaweng.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | last = Eliot | first = Charles | title = Ti Gandat a Gutenberg EBook iti Hinduismo ken Budismo, Ti Naipakasaritaan a Panagiladawan, Tom. 3 (iti 3) [EBook #16847] | publisher = Routledge &amp; Kegan Paul Ltd. | year = 1921 | location = Londres | pages = Kap. xxxvii 1; nagdakamat kadagiti Paammo 189: Ti nagan ket mabirukan kadagiti [[Champa]] a sinuratan iti 1050 A.D. ken segun ti Gerini ket agparang idiay [[Geographia|Samarade]] ni [[Ptolemeo]] = Sâmaraṭṭha. Kitaen ti Gerini, Ptolemy, p. 170. Ngem ti Samarade ket mairukan idiay asideg ti Bangkok ken mabalin nga awan dagiti Tais iti dayta alugar iti dayta a panawen ni Ptolemeo; ken Paamo 190: Ken isu pay idiay Tengnga nga Asia a Kustana ket agparang a naadal a panagbakkaweng ti nagan a [[Khotan]], a naaramid tapno maikkan ti kayatna a sawen iti Sanskrito.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ti balikas a''Thai'' ([[wiktionary:ไทย|ไทย]]) ket saan, a kas sapasap a naipamattian, a naala manipud iti balikas a ''Tai'' ([[wiktionary:ไท|ไท]]) a kayatna a sawen ket &quot;panagwayawayas&quot; iti pagsasao a Thai; daytoy, nuapy kasta, ti nagan ti maysa nga [[etniko a grupo]] manipud kadagiti tengnga a tanap (ti [[Tattao a Tailandes]]). Ti maysa a nadayeg a Thai nga eskolar ket nangisuppiat a ti Tai (ไท) ket kaykayatna a sawen laeng ket &quot;tattao&quot; wenno &quot;tao a parsua&quot; gapu ta ti panagsuksukisokna ket agiparparang a dagiti away a luglugar ti balikas a &quot;Tai&quot; ket inus-usar idi imbes a ti kadawyan a balikas ti Thai a &quot;kon&quot; ([[wiktionary:คน|คน]]) para iti tattao.&lt;ref&gt;จิตร ภูมิศักดิ์ 1976: &quot;ความเป็นมาของคำสยาม ไทย ลาวและขอม และลักษณะทางสังคม ของชื่อชนชาติ&quot; (Jid Phumisak 1976: &quot;Ti Irurumsua para kadagiti Siames a Balikas para iti Thai, Laotiano ken Khmer ken Nakagimongan a Pannakailasin para iti Pagilian a nagnagan&quot;)&lt;/ref&gt;

Ti Thai ket agus-usar iti panangisao a &quot;daga dagiti nawaya&quot; tapno maiyebkas ti pasindayag iti kinapudno a ti Tailandia ket is-isu laeng ti pagilian idiay Abagatan a daya nga Asia a saan uray kaanoman a nakoloniaan ti Europeano a bileg.
Bayat a dagiti Tailandes a tattao ket kadawyan nga ibagbagaanda ti pagilianda nga agus-usar ti nadayaw a porm a ''Prathet Thai'' (Thai: ประเทศไทย), isuda ket kaaduanda nga agus-usar ti lokal a panagsasao a ''Mueang Thai'' (Thai: เมืองไทย) wenno ''Thai'' (Thai: ไทย); ti balikas a ''mueang'' (Thai: เมือง) a kayatna a sawen ket &quot;pagilian&quot; ngem sapasap nga inus-usar a mangitudo iti siudad wenno ili. ''Ratcha Anachak Thai'' ({{lang-th|ราชอาณาจักรไทย}}) a kayatna a sawen ket &quot;Pagarian iti Tailandia&quot; wenno &quot;Pagarian ti Tailandes&quot;.

Iti etimolohiko, dagiti pakabuklanna ket: ''-Ratcha-'' (manipud iti Sanskrito ''[[raja]]'', a kayatna a sawen ket &quot;ari, naarian, pagturayan&quot;) ; ''-ana-'' (manipud iti [[Pagsasao a Pāli|Pāli]] ''āṇā'', &quot;turay, panagbilin, bileg&quot;, a dagitoy ket manipud iti Sanskrito iti {{lang|sa|आज्ञा}}, ''ājñā'', kapadpada ti kayatna a sawen) ''-chak'' (manipud iti Sanskrito ''[[cakra]]'' wenno ''[[cakraṃ]]'' a kayatna a sawen ket &quot;pilid&quot;, ti maysa a simbolo ti bileg ken panagturay). Ti [[Thai a Nailian a Kanta]] ({{lang-th|เพลงชาติ}}), a pinartuat ken sinurat babaen ni [[Peter Feit]] idi las-ud ti nakaro a &quot;patriotiko&quot; a panawen ti 1930, ket nangitudtudo ti Thai a pagilian a kas ti: prathet-thai (Thai: ประเทศไทย). Ti umuna a linia ti nailian a kanta ket: ''prathet thai ruam lueat nuea chat chuea thai'' (Thai: ประเทศไทยรวมเลือดเนื้อชาติเชื้อไทย) ken naipatarus idi 1939 babaen ni Koronel Luang Saranuprabhandi a kas ti: &quot;Ti Tailandia ket isu ti nagkaykaysaan iti Thai a dara ken bagi.&quot;

== Pakasaritaan ==
{{Nangruna|Pakasaritaan ti Tailandia}}

Adda ebidensia iti a nagtaeng ti tao idiay Tailandia a napetsaan manipud kadagiti napalabas a 40,000 tawtawen sakbay iti agdama, a dagiti bato nga artipakto a napetsaan iti daytoy a paset ti panawen idiay [[Linong ti bato ti Tham Lod]] idiay [[Mae Hong Son]]. Kapada dagiti rehion idiay [[Abagatan a daya nga Asia]], ti Tailandia ket nakaro a naimpluensiaan babaen ti [[Naindiano a pagarian|kultura ken dagiti relihion ti India]], a mangrugi iti [[Pagarian ti Funan]] idi agarup anga umuna a siglo CE aginggana ti [[Khmer nga Imperio]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/589625/Thailand/274233/History?anchor=ref509754 Thailand. History]. Encyclopædia Britannica Online&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Papeles:WatChaiwatthanaram 2295b.JPG|thumb|250px|Dagiti tidda ti [[Wat Chaiwatthanaram]] idiay [[Probinsia ti Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya|Ayutthaya]]]]. Ti siudad ket [[Gubat ti Burma–Siam (1765–1767)|napuoran ken naraut]] idi 1767 babaen ti buyot ti [[Burma]] babaen ni Ari [[Hsinbyushin]]. Ti impluensia ti India iti Siames a kultura ket sangkapaset idi a resulta ti dagus a pannakaiyasideg dagiti nagkolonia nga Indiano, ngem kangrunaan daytoy a saan a dagus nga inyeg babaen dagiti na-Indiano a pagarian ti [[Dvaravati]], [[Srivijaya]] ken Cambodia.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;&gt;Some Aspects of Asian History and Culture by Upendra Thakur p.157&lt;/ref&gt; Ni E:A Voretzsch ket namatmati a ti Budismo ket napnapanen iti Siam manipud idiay India idi panawen ti Indiano nga Emperador a ni [[Ashoka]] iti [[Maurya nga Imperio]] ken adayon iti immuna a milenio kalpasan ni Kristo.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot; /&gt; Kalpasanna ti Tailandia ket inimpluensiaan idi babaen ti [[Pallava a Dinastia]] ti abagatan nga India ken ti [[Gupta nga Imperio]] ti amianan nga India.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot; /&gt;

Kalpasan ti pannakatnag ti Khmer nga Imperio idi maika-13 a siglo, dagiti nadumaduma nga estado ket nagdur-as idiay, kas dagiti nadumaduma a pagarian ti [[Tattao a Tai|Tai]], [[Mon (etniko a grupo)|Mon]], [[Tattao a Khmer|Khmer]] ken [[Malayo (etniko a grupo)|Malayo]], a kas nakitkita kadagiti nadumaduma nga arkeolohiko a sitio ken dagiti atipakto a naiwarwaris kadagiti amin a paset ti dulon ti daga ti Siam. Nupa kasta, sakbay ti maika-12 a siglo, ti immuna a Tailandes wenno Siames nga estado ket tradisional a naikeddeng a ti pagarian ti [[Budismo|Budista]] a pagarian ti [[Pagarian ti Sukhothai|Sukhothai]], a napundar idi 1238.

Kalpasan ti pannakaapday ken pannakatnag ti Khmer nga Imperio idi maika-13 ken maika-15 a siglo, dagiti Budista a Tai a pagarian ti Sukhothai, [[Lanna]] ken [[Lan Xang]] (itan ket ti Laos) ketdimmur-asda. Nupay kasta, kalpaan ti maysa a siglo, ti bileg ti Sukhothai ket inatiw idi babaen ti baro a [[pagarian ti Ayutthaya]], a nabangon idi tengnga ti maika-14 a siglo idiay akinbaba a [[Karayan Chao Phraya ]] wenno panawen ti [[Menam]].

[[Papeles:3 Chedis of Wat Phra Sri Sanphet.JPG|thumb|250px|Dagiti [[estupa]] idiay [[Historikal a Parke ti Ayutthaya]].]]

Ti panagpadakkel ti Ayutthaya ket naisentro iti igid ti Menam bayat nga idiay akin-amianan a ginget ti Pagarian ti Lanna ken dagiti bassit a siudad es-estado ti Tai ket nangituray ti lugar. Idi 1431, ti Khmer ketpnanawanna ti [[Angkor]] kalapsan idi dagiti puersa ti Ayutthaya ket rinautda ti siudad.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/04/12/AR2010041203198.html Science news: What happened at Angkor Wat]&quot;. ''The Washington Post''. 13 Abril 2010.&lt;/ref&gt; Ti Tailandia ket nangitalinaay ti tradision iti panagtagilako kadagiti kaarrubana nga estado, manipud idiay Tsina aginggana idiay India, ti [[Persia]] ken dagiti daga ti [[Arabo]]. Ti Ayutthaya ketnagablin a maysa kadagiti kasayaatan a sentro ti pagtagilakuan idiay Asia. Dagiti Europeano nga agtagtagilako ket simmangpetda idi maika-16 a siglo ken nangrugi kadagiti [[Tattao a Portuges|Portuges]], a sinaruno babaen dagiti Pranses, Olandes ken Ingles.

Kalpasan ti pannakatnag ti Ayutthaya idi 1767 manipud iti Birmano nga Ari a ni [[Taksin]] ti Nalatak, ket inyalisna ti kapitolio ti Tailandia idiay [[Thonburi]] kadagiti agarup a 15 a tawtawen. Ti agdama panawen ti Rattanakosin iti pakasaritaan ti Tailandia ket nangrugi idi 1782, kalpasan ti pannakabangon ti [[Bangkok]] a kas kapitolio ti [[Chakri a Dinastia]] babaen ni Ari [[Rama I]] ti Nalatak. Segun ti [[Encyclopædia Britannica]], &quot;Ti pagkapat aginggana ti pagkatlo ti populasion dagiti dadduma a lugar ti Tailandia ken Burma ket [[aadipen]] idi maika-17 aginggana idi maika-10 a sigsiglo.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24156 Slave-owning societies]. Encyclopædia Britannica.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20101009132129/http://kyotoreviewsea.org/slavery4.htm Slavery in Nineteenth-Century Northern Thailand]. Kyoto Review of South East Asia.&lt;/ref&gt;

Uray ti Europeano a panangidagsen, ti Tailandia ket isu laeng ti pagilian ti Abagatan a daya ti saan a nakolonia.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/king-country-and-the-coup/13140/0 |title=King, country and the coup |work=The Indian Express  |location=India |date=22 Septiembre 2006 |accessdate=3 Nobiembre 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Daytoy ket resulta ti napaut a panagsasaruno dagiti makabael a nagturturay kadagiti napalabas nga uppat a siglo a  nangibanag ti panagsusuppiat ken irteng a nagbaetan ti [[Pranses nga Indotsina]] ken ti [[Britaniko nga Imperio]]. Kas resulta, ti agilian ket natalinaay a paglappedan a sona a pagbaetan dagiti parte ti Abagatan nga Asia a nakolonisado babaen dagiti dua a nagkolonia a bileg, ti Gran Britania ken Pransia. Urayno kasta ti akinlaud nga impluensia ket nakaiturongan dagiti reporma idi maika-19 a siglo ken dagiti nangruna a konsesion, ti kangrunaan ket ti pannakapukaw ti dakkel a teritorio iti bangir a daya ti [[Mekong]] kadagiti Pranses ken ti naiyad-addang a panagsagepsep babaen ti Britania ti [[Peninsula Malayo]].

=== Maika-20 a siglo ===
Dagiti napukaw ket kasisigud a nairaman ti Penang ken kanungpalan ti pannakapukaw dagiti uppat a kaaduan a Malayo nga etniko nga akin-abagatan a probinsia, a kalpasanna ket nagbalin a dagiti uppat nga akin-amianan nga estado ti [[Malaysia]], babaen ti [[Anglo-Siames a Tulag ti 1909]].

Idi 1932, ti [[Siames a rebolusion ti 1932|awan dara a rebolusion]] nga intignay ti [[Khana Ratsadon]] a grupo ti militar ken dagiti opsial ti sibilian ket nagresultaan ti transision ti bileg, idi ni Ari [[Prajadhipok]] ket napilit a nangited kadagiti tattao ti Siam ti immuna a batay-lintegda, ken isu ti nagpatinggaan dagiti nagpaut ti adu a siglo iti [[absoluto a monarkia]].

Idi 1939, ti naga ti pagarian iti 'Siam', ket nabaliwan iti Tailandia'.

=== Sangalubongan a Gubat II ===
Idi las-ud ti Sangalubongan a Guba II, ti [[Imperio ti Hapon]] ket nangidemanda ti karbengan a mangiballasiw dagiti tropa iti Tailandia idiay prontera ti Malayo. Ti [[Panagraut ti Hapon ti Tailandia|Hapon ket rinautna ti Tailandia]] idi 8 Disiembre 1941, kadagiti koordinasion kadagiti panagraut iti amin a paset ti Asia, ken nakilaban kadagiti [[Buyot ti Tailandes]] kadagiti innem aginggana walo nga oras aginggana idi ni [[Plaek Pibulsonggram]] ket nangbilin iti [[panangisardeng tigubat]]. Iti nabiit kalpasan dayta, ti Hapon ket ket naikkan idi iti nawaya a panaglabas, ken idi 21 Disiembre 1941, ti Tailandia ken Hapon ket nagpirma iti kumadduaan a militar iti sekreto a protokoll, a ti Tokyo ket timmulag a tulonganna ti Tailandia a mangala manen kadagiti napukaw a teritoriona kadagiti Britaniko ken Pranses.&lt;ref name=&quot;Wern&quot; /&gt;

Iti nagresultaan, ti Tailandia ket nangirangarang iti gubat iti Estados Unidos ken ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagarian idi 25 Enero 1942, ken nangrebbeng a &quot;tumulong&quot; iti Hapon iti gubatna a sumuppiat kadagiti Kumadduaan, bayat a nangtartaripato ti aktibo a kontra-Hapon a tignay ti resistansia nga ammo a kas ti [[Seri Thai]]. Agarup a 200,000 nga agtrabtrabao a taga-Asia ,  (nangruna a [[romusha]]) ken dagiti 60,000 Kumaduaan a balbalodp ket nagtrabaho iti [[Perokaril ti Patay]] ti Tailandia–Burma.&lt;ref name=&quot;Wern&quot;&gt;Werner Gruhl, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=ow5Wlmu9MPQC&amp;pg=PA112&amp;dq&amp;hl=en#v=onepage&amp;q=&amp;f=false Imperial Japan's World War Two, 1931–1945]'', Transaction Publishers, 2007 {{ISBN|978-0-7658-0352-8}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kalpasan ti gubat, ti Tailandia ket rimmuar a kas kadua ti Estados Unidos. Kasta met dagiti adu nga agrangrang-ay a pagilian iti las-ud ti [[Nalamiis a Gubat]], ti Tailandia ket napan babaen kadagiti dekada iti nariro a politika a nailaslasin babaen dagiti adu a [[kudeta]], a ti maysa a turay ti militar ket sinukatan ti sabali, ngem kanungpalan a nagprogreso a napan iti natalinaay, nadur-as a demokrasia kadagiti tawen ti 1980.

&lt;gallery&gt;
Papeles:BlackCeramicBanChiangCultureThailand1200-800BCE.jpg|Damdamili a naduktalan idiay asideg ti [[Ban Chiang]] idiay Probinsia ti Udon Thani, ti kasapaan ket napetsaan iti 2100 BCE.
Papeles:Wat Phanan Choeng 01.jpg|Ti agtayag kadagiti 19 metro a nabalitokan nga estatua iti nakatugaw a Buda idiay [[Wat Phanan Choeng]].
Papeles:Wat Si Chum in Sukhothai.jpg|Ti 15 nga agtayag a ladawan ni Buda idiay [[Sukhothai (sidad)|Sukhothai]], Phra Achana , nabangon idi maika-13 a siglo
Papeles:View of Iudea (Ayutthaya), Capital of Siam ca. 1662 (SK-A-4477).jpg|Pinintaan ti Ayutthaya, inbilin babaen ti [[Kompania ti Olandes a Daya nga India]], 1665.
Papeles:Louis XIV et Ambassadeurs du Roi de Siam 1686 Jacques Leman.png|Ni [[Kosa Pan]] ket nangipresenta ti surat ni Ari King Nara ken Luis XIV idiay Versailles, 1 Septiembre 1686.
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Politika ken gobierno ==
Ti politika ti Tailandia ket agdama a naar-aramid iti batayan ti [[batay-linteg a monarkia]], a ti [[Kangrunaan a Ministro ti Tailandia|Kangrunaan a Ministro]] ket isu ti [[daulo ti gobierno]] ken ti [[tinawtawid a monarkia]] ket isu ti [[daulo ti estado]]. Ti [[ukoman]] ket nawaya kadagiti sanga ti ehekutibo ken ti lehislatibo.

=== Pakasaritaan ti batay-linteg ===
[[Papeles:Democracy monument, Bangkok, Thailand.jpg|thumb|Ti [[Monumento ti Demokrasia, Bangkok|Monumento ti Demokrasia]] ti Bangkok: ti representasion ti Batay-linteg ti 1932 ket naisaad iti ngato dagiti dua a nabalitokan a [[Phan (bandeha)|pagidatonan a malukong]] iti ngato ti ababa a torre.]]

Manipud iti [[Kudeta ti Sian ti 1932|politikal a reporma]] ti [[absoluto a monarkia]] idi 1932, ti Tailandia ket addaan idin kadagiti 19 a batay-linteg ken dagiti dokumento ti linteg.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.bangkokpost.com/print/421966/ Bangkok Post: ''Section 44 is necessary: NCPO'']. This list contains 2 errors: it states that the 6th constitution was promulgated in 1912 (rather than 1952), and it states that the 11th constitution was promulgated in 1976 (rather than 1974).&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Thanet&quot;&gt;Thanet Aphornsuvan, {{PDFlink|[https://web.archive.org/web/20080226203229/http://rspas.anu.edu.au/pah/human_rights/papers/2001/Thanet.pdf The Search for Order: Constitutions and Human Rights in Thai Political History]|152&amp;nbsp;KB}}, 2001 Symposium: Constitutions and Human Rights in a Global Age: An Asia Pacific perspective&lt;/ref&gt; Iti amin apaset iti daytoy a panawen, ti porma ti gobierno ket sumakop iti diktadura iti militar aginggana ti elektoral a demokrasia, ngem amin dagiti gobierno ket nangbigbig iti [[Listaan dagiti Ari ti Tailandia|tinawtawid a monarkia]] a kas ti daulo ti estado.&lt;ref name=&quot;multiple&quot;&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20060919/thailand_coups_060919/20060919/ |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090224093424/http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20060919/thailand_coups_060919/20060919/ |archivedate=2009-02-24 |title=A list of previous coups in Thailand |agency=Associated Press |date=19 Septiembre 2006 |accessdate=25 Abril 2010 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,214562,00.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080706035133/http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,214562,00.html |archivedate=2008-07-06 |title=Raw Data: List of Recent Coups in Thailand's History |publisher=Fox News |date=19 Septiembre 2006 |accessdate=25 Abril 2010 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Heograpia ==
{{Nangruna|Heograpia ti Tailandia}}
[[Papeles:Nan z doi phuka 2006 1003.jpg|thumb|left|Buya ti [[Kabambantayan Luang Prabang]], a mangsakkaw ti pagbeddengan ti Talandia/Lao , idiay [[Probinsia ti Nan]], Akin-amianan a Tailandia]]
Iti dagup ti {{pagbaliwen|513120|km2}},&lt;ref name=CIA /&gt; ti Tailandia ket ti [[Listaan dagiti pagilian ken territorio babaen ti dagup a kadakkel|maika-51 a kadakkelan a pagilian]] babaen ti dagup a kalawa. Daytoy ket basbassit ngem ti [[Yemen]] ken dakdakkel ngem ti [[Espania]].

[[Papeles:July 2011 Thailand Flooding.jpg|thumb|Ladawan nga ala ti satelite iti layus idiay Tailandia, idi Oktubre 2011.]]

Ti Tailandia ket pagyanan dagiti nadumaduma a naisalsalumina a heograpiko a rehion, ken sangkapaset a maitunos kadagiti grupo ti probinsia. Ti amianan ti pagilian ket kabanbantayan a lugar ti [[Kabambantayan ti Tailandes]], a ti kanagtuan a puntos ket ti [[Doi Inthanon]] idiay [[Kabambanatayan Thanon Thong Chai]] iti {{pagbaliwen|2565|m|0}} iti [[pantar ti baybay]]. Ti amianan a daya, ti [[Isan]] ket buklen ti [[Banak Khorat]], a nabeddengan iti daya babaen ti [[Karayan Mekong]]. Ti sentro ti pagilian ket kaaduan babaen ti predominante a nadalumpinas a ginget ti karayan ti [[Chao Phraya]], ng aagyus idiay [[Golpo ti Tailandia]].

Ti akin-abagatan a Tailandia ket buklen ti akikid nga [[Ismo Kra]] a lumawa idiay [[Peninsula Malayo]]. Iti politikal, adda dagiti innem a heograpikal a rehion nga agiddiat kadagiti sabali iti populasion, dagiti batayan a rekurso, dagiti natural a langa ti daga, ken agpang panagdur-as tit sosial ken ekonomia. Ti dibersidad dagiti rehion ket isu ti kaisaluminaan a gupit ti pisikal a pannakaisaad ti Tailandia.

Dagiti Karayan Chao Phraya ken Mekong ket nangruna a dalan ti danum iti away a Tailandia. Ti industrial a gantingan ti panagpataud kadagiti apit ket agusarda kadagiti karayan ken dagiti tributario. Ti Golpo ti Tailandia ket sakupenna ti {{pagbaliwen|320000|km2|-3}} ken pakanen babaen dagiti Karayan Chao Phraya, [[Karayan Mae Klong|Mae Klong]], [[Karayan Bang Pakong|Bang Pakong]], ken [[Karayan Tapi, Tailandia|Tapi]]. Daytoy ket mangited iti kontribusion iti sektor ti turismo gapu kadagiti nalitnaw ket ababaw a danum iti igid ti aplaya itiakin-abagatana rehion ti Ismo Kra. Ti akindaya nga aplaya ti Golpo ti Tailandia ket industrial a sentro ti Tailandia nga isu ti nangruna nga adalem a puerto ti pagarian idiay [[Sattahip]] ken ti makumikom a komersial a puerto ti [[Laem Chabang]].

Ti [[Baybay Andaman]] ket napateg a natural a rekurso gapu ta agsangaili kadagiti nadayeg ken naramen a pagaliwaksayan idiay Asia. Ti [[Probinsia ti Phuket|Phuket]], [[Krabi]], [[Ranong]], [[Phang Nga]], ken [[Probinsia ti Trang|Trang]] ken dagiti islada ket mabirukan amin kadagiti aplaya ti Baybay Andaman ken uray ti [[tsunami ti 2004]], dagita ket makaawis a pagbisitaan dagiti turista manipud iti lawlaw ti lubong.

== Dagiti nota ==
{{notelist}}

== Dagiti nagibasaran ==
{{Reflist}}

== Dagiti akinruar a silpo ==
{{Commons-nailinia}}
{{Wikivoyage-inline|Thailand|Tailandia}}
* {{dmoz|Regional/Asia/Thailand}}
* {{CIA World Factbook link|th|Tailandia}}
* [http://www.thaigov.go.th/ Thaigov.go.th] Gobierno ti Tailandia

{{ASEAN}}
{{Dagiti pagilian ti Asia}}
{{Pagpagilian ken terteritorio ti Abagatan a daya nga Asia}}
{{Kontrol ti autoridad}}

[[Kategoria:Tailandia| ]]
[[Kategoria:Dagiti batay-linteg a monarkia]]
[[Kategoria:Dagiti pagilian a nagbeddengan ti Baybay Abagatan Tsina]]
[[Kategoria:Dagiti pagilian ti Taaw Indiano]]
[[Kategoria:Dagiti estado a kameng ti Gunglo ti Pagpagilian ti Abagatan a daya nga Asia]]
[[Kategoria:Dagiti estado a kameng ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian]]
[[Kategoria:Dagiti pagilian ti Abagatan a daya nga Asia]]
[[Kategoria:Nangruna nga artikulo (atiddog)]]</text>
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  <page>
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{{Infobox pagilian
|native_name            = [[Papeles:Cambodia5-trans.png]] &lt;br /&gt;'' Preăh Réachéanachâk Kâmpŭchéa''
|conventional_long_name = Pagarian ti Cambodia
|common_name            = Cambodia
|image_flag             = Flag of Cambodia.svg
|image_coat             =Royal arms of Cambodia.svg
|symbol_type            = Naarian nga Ar-armas
|image_map              = Location Cambodia ASEAN.svg
|map_caption            = {{map caption|location_color=berde|region=[[ASEAN]]|region_color=nangisit a kolordapo|legend=Location Cambodia ASEAN.svg}}
|national_motto         = &lt;br /&gt;[[Papeles:CambodiaMotto.svg|160px]] &lt;br /&gt; ({{lang-ilo|Pagilian, Relihion, Ari}})
|national_anthem        = ''[[Nokor Reach]]''{{brk}}({{lang-ilo|Nadaeg a Pagarian}}){{brk|2}}[[Papeles:United States Navy Band - Nokoreach.ogg|center]]
|official_languages     = [[Pagsasao a Khmer|Khmer]]
|languages_type         = [[Opisial a sinuratan]]
|languages              = [[Sinuratan a Khmer]]
|demonym                = [[Tattao a Khmer|Khmer]] wenno Cambodiano
|ethnic_groups          = 90.0% '''[[Khmer]]''' &lt;br /&gt; 5.0% [[Bietnamis a Cambodiano|Bietnamita]] &lt;br /&gt; 1.0% [[Insik a Cambodiano|Insik]] &lt;br /&gt; 4.0% dadduma pay
|capital                = [[Phnom Penh]]
|coordinates            = {{Coord|11|33|N|104|55|E|type:city}}
|largest_city           = kapitolio
|government_type = [[Unitario nga estado|Unitario]] a [[Parlamentario a sistema|parlamentario]] a [[batay-linteg a monarkia]]
|leader_title1          = [[Pagarian iti Cambodia|Ari]]
|leader_name1           = [[Norodom Sihamoni]]
|leader_title2          = [[Kangrunaan a Ministro iti Cambodia|Kangrunaan a Ministro]]
|leader_name2           = [[Hun Manet]] ([[Partido dagiti Tattao ti Cambodia|CPP]])
|leader_title3          = [[Listaan dagiti Presidente iti Senado iti Cambodia|Presidente ti Senado]]
|leader_name3           = [[Chea Sim]] ([[Partido dagiti Tattao ti Cambodia|CPP]])
|leader_title4          = [[Nailian a Gimong iti Cambodia|Presidente iti Nailian a Gimong]]
|leader_name4           = [[Heng Samrin]] ([[Partido dagiti Tattao ti Cambodia|CPP]])
|legislature            = [[Parlamento iti Cambodia|Parlamento]]
|upper_house            = [[Senado iti Cambodia|Senado]]
|lower_house            = [[Nailian a Gimong iti Cambodia|Nailian a Gimong]]
|sovereignty_type       = [[Pakasaritaan iti Cambodia|Panakabangon]]
|sovereignty_note =
|established_event1     = [[Pagarian iti Funan|Funan a Pagarian]]
|established_date1      = 68
|established_event2     = [[Chenla|Chenla a Pagarian]]
|established_date2      = 550
|established_event3     = [[Khmer nga Imperio]]
|established_date3      = 802
|established_event4     = [[Kolonia ti Pranses nga Imperio|Pranses a panagsakup]]
|established_date4      = 1863
|established_event5     = Panakawayawayas manipud ti Pransia
|established_date5      = Nobiembre 9, 1953
|established_event6     = [[Moderno a Cambodia|Naipulang ti Monarkia]]
|established_date6      = Septiembre 24, 1993
|area_rank             = Maika-88
|area_magnitude         =
|area_km2               = 181,035
|area_sq_mi             = 69,898 &lt;!--Saan nga ikkaten [[WP:MOSNUM]]--&gt;
|percent_water          = 2.5
|population_estimate    = 14,805,358&lt;ref name=unpop&gt;{{Cite journal | url=http://www.theodora.com/wfbcurrent/cambodia/cambodia_economy.pdf | title=Prospekto ti Sanglubongan a Populasion, Tabla A.1 | version=2008 revision | format=PDF | publisher=Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian | author=Departamento iti Ekonomia ken Sosial a Pannakibiang Dibision ti Populasion | year=2009 | accessdate=Marso 12, 2009 }}{{Natay a silpo|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|population_estimate_year   = 2011
|population_estimate_rank   = Maika-65
|population_census          = 13,388,910
|population_census_year     = 2008
|population_density_km2     = 81.8
|population_density_sq_mi   = 211.8 &lt;!--Saan nga ikkaten [[WP:MOSNUM]]--&gt;
|population_density_rank    = Maika-118
|GDP_PPP_year               = 2011
|GDP_PPP                    = $32.489&amp;nbsp;bilion&lt;ref name=imf2&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2011/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2008&amp;ey=2011&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;c=522&amp;s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&amp;grp=0&amp;a=&amp;pr.x=43&amp;pr.y=1 |title=Cambodia|publisher=Internasional a Pundo ti Panguartaan|accessdate=Abril 21, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|GDP_PPP_rank               = 
|GDP_PPP_per_capita         = $2,470&lt;ref name=imf2/&gt;
|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank    = 
|GDP_nominal_rank           = 
|GDP_nominal                = $13.001&amp;nbsp;bilion&lt;ref name=imf2/&gt;
|GDP_nominal_year           = 2010
|GDP_nominal_per_capita     = $1,040&lt;ref name=imf2/&gt;
|GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 
|Gini_year = 2007
|Gini_change =  &lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;
|Gini = 43 &lt;!--number only--&gt;
|Gini_ref = &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2172.html |title=Distribution of family income – Gini index |work=The World Factbook |publisher=CIA |accessdate=1 Septiembre 2009 |archive-date=2014-06-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140625144901/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2172.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|HDI_year = 2013&lt;!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--&gt;
|HDI_change = increase &lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;
|HDI = 0.584 &lt;!--number only--&gt;
|HDI_ref = &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr14-summary-en.pdf|title=Human Development Reports 2014|publisher=United Nations|accessdate=25 Hulio 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|HDI_rank = Maika-136
|currency                   = [[Riel ti Cambodia|Riel]]
|currency_code              = KHR
|time_zone =
|utc_offset                 = +7
|drives_on                  = kanawan
|cctld                      = [[.kh]]
|calling_code               = [[Dagiti numero ti telepono idiay Cambodia|+855]]
|footnote1 = Kanyon a maus-usar ti doliar ti Estados Unidos
}}

Ti '''Cambodia''' ({{IPAc-en|audio=En-us-Cambodia.ogg|k|æ|m|ˈ|b|oʊ|d|iː|ʌ}};&lt;ref&gt;'''dictionary.reference.com''': [http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/cambodia Cambodia]&lt;/ref&gt;  {{lang-km|ព្រះរាជាណាចក្រកម្ពុជា}}, Kampuchea, {{IPA-km|kɑmˈpuˈciə|IPA}}), opisial nga ammo a kas ti '''Pagarian ti Cambodia''', ket maysa a pagilian a mabirukan idiay akin-abagatan a paset iti [[Indotsina]] a Peninsula idiay Abagatan a Daya nga Asia. Daytoy ket addan ti dagup a kalawa ti daga iti 181,035 a kuadrado kilometro (69,898 kd mi), nabeddengan daytoy babaen ti [[Tailandia]] iti amianan a laud, ti [[Laos]] iti amianan a daya, ti [[Bietnam]] iti daya, ken ti [[Golpo ti Tailandia]] iti abagatan a laud. 

Addaan daytoy ti populasion iti sumurok a 14.8&amp;nbsp;a riwriw, ti Cambodia ket isu ti [[Listaan dagiti pagilian babaen ti populasion|maika-69 a kaaduan ti populasion a pagilian]] iti lubong. Ti opisial a relihion ket ti [[Theravada]] a [[Budismo]], a daytoy ket pannakasanayen babaen ti aganay a 95% kadagiti populasion ti Cambodia. Dagiti minoridad a grupo daytoy a pagilian ket mairaman dagiti [[Tattao a Bietnamis|Bietnamis]], [[Han nga Insik|Insik]], dagiti [[Cham (Asia)|Cham]] ken dagiti 30 a sabsabali a [[Khmer Loeu|taga-banbantay a tribu]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/culture/2010-08/03/c_13428465.htm |title=Ti Cambodia ket agrambak ti aldaw a para kadagiti patneng a tattao idiay asideg ti Angkor Wat |access-date=2012-03-27 |archive-date=2013-08-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130825133021/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/culture/2010-08/03/c_13428465.htm |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ti kapitoliona ken kadakkelan a siudad ket ti [[Phnom Penh]]; ti politiko, ekonomiko, ken kultura a sentro iti Cambodia.

Daytoy a pagarian ket maysa a [[batay-linteg a monarkia]] nga addaan ti [[Norodom Sihamoni]], daytoy ket maysa a [[Nabutosan a monarkia|monarkia]] a pinili babaen ti [[Dagiti politika iti Cambodia|Naarian a Trono a Konsilo]], a kas daulo ti estado. Ti daulo ti gobierno ket ni [[Hun Sen]], nga isu ket ti agdama a [[Listaan dagiti agdama a kabayagan nga agturturay a saan a naarian a daulo|kapautan a nagserserbi a daulo]] idiay Abagatan a Daya nga Asia ken tinurayanna ti Cambodia ti sumurok a 25 a tawtawen.

== Dagiti nagibasaran ==
{{Reflist}}

== Dagiti akinruar a silpo ==
{{Commons-nailinia}}
{{Wikivoyage-inline}}
* {{CIA World Factbook link|cb|Cambodia}}
* {{dmoz|Regional/Asia/Cambodia}}
* {{Wikiatlas|Cambodia}}
* {{OSM relation|49898}}

{{ASEAN}}
{{Dagiti pagilian ti Asia}}
{{Pagpagilian ken terteritorio ti Abagatan a daya nga Asia}}
{{Kontrol ti autoridad}}

[[Kategoria:Cambodia| ]]
[[Kategoria:Dagiti estado a kameng ti Gunglo ti Pagpagilian ti Abagatan a daya nga Asia]]
[[Kategoria:Dagiti batay-linteg a monarkia]]
[[Kategoria:Dagiti pagilian a nagbeddengan ti Baybay Abagatan Tsina]]
[[Kategoria:Dagiti pagilian ken teritorio nga agsasao ti Pranses]]
[[Kategoria:Dagiti kabassitan a naparang-ay a pagilian]]
[[Kategoria:Dagiti estado a kameng ti La Francophonie]]
[[Kategoria:Dagiti pagilian ti Abagatan a daya nga Asia]]
[[Kategoria:Dagiti estado ken teriotorio a nabangon idi 802]]
[[Kategoria:Dagiti estado ken teriotorio a nabangon idi 1953]]
[[Kategoria:Dagiti estado a kameng ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Aprika</title>
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      <text bytes="33249" sha1="kdbyvz24bg97956yb5svnhcwju9qgww" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox kontinente
|title = Aprika
|image = [[Papeles:Africa (orthographic projection).svg|200px]]
|area = {{pagbaliwen|30,221,532|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}},&amp;nbsp;[[Listaan dagiti kontinente babaen ti kalawa|Maika-2]]
|population = 1.1 bilion&lt;ref name=&quot;2013 World Population Data Sheet&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.prb.org/pdf13/2013-WPDS-infographic_MED.pdf |title=2013 World Population Data Sheet |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131227011232/http://www.prb.org/pdf13/2013-WPDS-infographic_MED.pdf |archive-date=2013-12-27 |type=Infographic |publisher=Population Reference Bureau |language=en |access-date=2015-02-04 }}&lt;/ref&gt; (2013, [[Listaan dagiti kontinente babaen ti populasion|Maika-2]])
|density = 30.51/km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (agarup a 80/sq mi)
|demonym = [[Aprikano]], Taga-Aprika
|countries = 54 (ken 2 a nasuppiatan)
|list_countries = Listaan dagiti naturay nga estado ken dagiti agkamkammatalek a teritorio idiay Aprika
|dependencies = {{Marebba a listaan
 | list_style = text-align:left;
 |title = Akinruar (3)
 | 1 = [[Mayotte]] | 2 = [[Réunion]] | 3 = [[Santa Elena, Ascension ken Tristan da Cunha]]
 }}
 {{Marebba a listaan
 | list_style = text-align:left;
 |title = Akin-uneg (4)
 | 1 = [[Is-isla Kanarias]] | 2 = [[Ceuta]]
 | 3 = [[Is-isla Madeira]] | 4 = [[Melilla]]
 }}
|languages = [[Dagiti pagsasao ti Aprika|Listaan dagiti pagsasao]]
|time = [[UTC-1]] aginggana ti [[UTC+4]]
|cities = [[Listaan dagiti metropolitano a lugar idiay Aprika]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Listaan dagiti siudad idiay Aprika]]&lt;br /&gt;{{wagaywayikono|Nigeria}} [[Lagos]]&lt;br /&gt;{{wagaywayikono|Ehipto}} [[Cairo]]&lt;br /&gt;{{wagaywayikono|Demokratiko a Republika ti Kongo}}{{wagaywayikono|Republika ti Kongo}} [[Kinshasa]]-[[Brazzaville]]&lt;br /&gt;{{wagaywayikono|Abagatan nga Aprika}} [[Kalatakan a Johannesburg]]&lt;br /&gt;{{wagaywayikono|Somalia}} [[Mogadishu]]&lt;br /&gt;{{wagaywayikono|Sudan}} [[Khartoum]]-[[Omdurman]]&lt;br /&gt;{{wagaywayikono|Tanzania}} [[Dar es Salaam]]&lt;br /&gt;{{wagaywayikono|Ehipto}} [[Alexandria]]&lt;br /&gt;{{wagaywayikono|Côte d'Ivoire}} [[Abidjan]]&lt;br /&gt;{{wagaywayikono|Morocco}} [[Casablanca]]
}}
[[Papeles:AfricaCIA-HiRes.jpg|thumb|240px|Mapa ti Aprika]]
Ti '''Aprika''' ket ti maikadua a kadakkelan ken ken ti maikadua a kaaduan ti populasion a [[kontinente]] iti lubong. Iti agarup a 30.2 riwriw km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (11.7 riwriw sq&amp;nbsp;mi) ken mairaman dagiti asideg nga isla, daytoy ket sakupenna ti innem a porsiento iti dagup a kalawa ti rabaw ti [[Daga (planeta)|Daga]] ken 20.4 porsiento iti dagup a kalawa ti daga.&lt;ref name=Sayre&gt;Sayre, April Pulley (1999), ''Africa'', Twenty-First Century Books. {{ISBN|0-7613-1367-2}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Daytoy ket addaan kadagiti 1.1 bilion a tattao manipud idi 2013, daytoy ket kadagupan iti agarup a 15% iti populasion ti tao iti lubong.&lt;ref name=&quot;2013 World Population Data Sheet&quot;/&gt; Ti kontinente ket napalikmutan babaen ti [[Baybay Mediteraneo]] iti amianan, ti [[Kanal Suez]] ken ti [[Baybay Nalabbasit]] iti igid ti [[Peninsula Sinai]] iti amianan a daya, ti [[Taaw Indiano]] iti abagatan a daya, ken ti [[Taaw Atlantiko]] iti laud. Ti kontinente ket iramanna ti [[Madagascar]] ken dagiti nadumaduma a [[purpuro]]. Daytoy ket addaan kadagiti 54 napno a nabigbigan a [[naturay nga estado]] (&quot;[[pagilian|pagpagilian]]&quot;), siam a [[Tertorio (subdibision ti pagilian)|terteritorio]] ken dagiti dua a ''de facto'' a nawaya nga [[Listaan dagiti estado nga addaan iti limitado a pannakabigbig|estado nga addaan iti limitado wenno awan pannakabigbig]].&lt;ref&gt;Kitaen ti [[Listaan dagiti naturay nga estado ken agkamkammatalek a terteritorio idiay Aprika]].&lt;/ref&gt;

Ti populasion ti Aprika ket isu ti kaubingan kadagiti amin a kontinente; 50% kadagiti Aprikano ket agtawen ti 19 wenno ub-ubing.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news| url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/njideka-u-harry/african-youth-innovation-_b_3904408.html | work=Huffington Post | first=Njideka U. | last=Harry | title=African Youth, Innovation and the Changing Society | date=11 Septiembre 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ti [[Arhelia]] ket ti kadakelan a pagilian ti Aprika babaen ti kalawa, ken ti [[Nigeria]] ket ti kadakkelan babaen ti populasion. Ti Aprika, a naisangayan ti sentral nga [[Akindaya nga Aprika]], ket kaaduan a naaw-awat a kas ti lugar a taudan dagiti [[tao (sebbangan)|tatttao]] ken ti [[klado]] ti [[Hominidae]] (dagiti [[nalatak a bakes]]), a kas naebidensiaan babaen dagiti kasapaan a [[hominidae]] ken dagiti taudanda, ken dagiti pay naud-udi a napetsaanen iti agarup a pito a riwriw a tawtawen ti napalabas, a mairaman ti ''[[Sahelanthropus tchadensis]]'', ''[[Australopithecus africanus]]'', ''[[Australopithecus afarensis|A. afarensis]]'', ''[[Homo erectus]]'', ''[[Homo habilis|H. habilis]]'' ken ''[[Homo ergaster|H. ergaster]]'' – a dagiti kasapaan a ''[[Homo sapiens]]'' (moderno a tao) ket nabirukan idiay [[Etiopia]] ken napetsaan idi agarup a 200,000 a tawtawen ti napalabas.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://web.utah.edu/unews/releases/05/feb/homosapiens.html |last=University of Utah Public Relations |title=The Oldest Homo sapiens: Fossils Push Human Emergence Back to 195,000 Years |date=16 Pebrero 2005 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070805053127/http://web.utah.edu/unews/releases/05/feb/homosapiens.html |archive-date=2007-08-05 |language=en |access-date=2015-02-04 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ti Aprika ket sakkawenna ti [[ekuador]] ken sakupenna dagiti nadumaduma a luglugar ti klima; daytoy laeng ti kontinente a gumay-at manipud iti akin-amianan a [[temperado]] aginggana dagiti akin-abagatan a temperado a sona.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.visualgeography.com/continents/africa.html |title=Africa |website=Visual Geography |access-date=2007-11-24 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Pakasaritaan ==
{{Nangruna|Pakasaritaan ti Aprika}}

=== Kasakbayan a pakasaritaan ===
[[Papeles:Lucy blackbg.jpg|thumb|150px|Ni [[Lucy (Australopithecus)|Lucy]], ti maysa  a rurog ti ''[[Australopithecus afarensis]]'' a naduktalan idi Nobiembre 24, 1974, idiay [[Ginget Awash]] idiay [[Depresion Afar]] ti [[Etiopia]]]]

Ti Aprika ket naikeddeng babaen dagiti kaaduan a [[paleoantropolohia|paleoantropologo]] nga isu ti [[Duyan ti Nagtagitaoan|kaduogan a natagtagitao a teritorio]] iti [[Daga (planeta)|Daga]], a ti [[Tao (sebbangan)|sebbangan ti tao]] ket nagtaud manipud iti daytoy a kontinente.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2000-12-06 |title=Genetic Study Roots Humans in Africa |last=Whitehouse |first=David |website=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/1058484.stm |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Geological Society of America |date=30 Agosto 2007 |title=Migration of Early Humans From Africa Aided By Wet Weather |language=en |work=ScienceDaily |url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/08/070828155004.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt; Idi las-ud ti tengnga ti maika-20 a siglo, dagiti [[Antropolohia|antropologo]] ket nakaduktalda kadagiti adu a [[posil]] ken ebidensia ti panagtaeng ti tao a mabalin a nasapsapa ngem 7 a riwriw a tawtawen ti napalabas. Dagiti tidda ti posil dagiti nadumaduma a sebbangan iti nasapa a kasla bakes a tattao ket naipagarup a [[Ebolusionn|nagbalin]] iti moderno a tao, kas ti ''[[Australopithecus afarensis]]'' ([[Radiometriko apanangipetsa|radiometriko a napetsaan]] iti agarup a 3.9–3.0&amp;nbsp;riwriw a tawtawen [[Sakbay ni Kristo|SK]]),&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Kimbel |first=William H. |last2=Rak |first2=Yoel |last3=Johanson |first3=Donald C. |title=The Skull of Australopithecus afarensis |url=https://archive.org/details/skullofaustralop0000kimb |date=2004 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=0-19-515706-0 |location=Oxford |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ti ''[[Paranthropus boisei]]'' (c. 2.3–1.4&amp;nbsp;riwriw a tawtawen SK)&lt;ref&gt;Tudge, Colin. (2002) ''The Variety of Life.'', Oxford University Press. {{ISBN|0-19-860426-2}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ken ti ''[[Homo ergaster]]'' (c. 1.9&amp;nbsp;riwriw–600,000 a tawtawen SK) ket naduktalanen.&lt;ref name=Sayre /&gt;

Kalpasan ti ebulosion ti [[homo sapiens sapiens]] idi agarup a 150,000 to 100,000 a tawtawen ti napalabas idiay Aprika, ti kontinente ket kangrunaan a natagtagitao babaen dagiti grupo ti [[agananup-agburburas]].&lt;ref&gt;Ivan Sertima, Ivan. (1995) ''Egypt: Child of Africa/S V12 (Ppr)'', Transaction Publishers. pp. 324–325. {{ISBN|1-56000-792-3}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Mokhtar, G. (1990) ''UNESCO General History of Africa, Vol. II, Abridged Edition: Ancient Africa'', University of California Press. {{ISBN|0-85255-092-8}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Eyma, A. K. and C. J. Bennett. (2003) ''Delts-Man in Yebu: Occasional Volume of the Egyptologists' Electronic Forum No. 1'', Universal Publishers. p. 210. SBN 1-58112-564-X.&lt;/ref&gt; Dagitoy nga immuna a moderno a tattao ket pinanawanda ti Aprika ken tinagtagitaoda ti amin a paset ti lubong idi las-ud ti migrasion ti [[Out of Africa|Iruruar idiay Aprika]] a napetsaan idi agarup a  50,000 a tawtawen ti napalabas, ken rimmuar iti kontinente a mabalin a bimmallasiw iti [[Bab-el-Mandeb]] idiay [[Baybay Nalabbasit]],&lt;ref&gt;Spencer Wells, [http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2002/12/1212_021213_journeyofman.html ''The Journey of Man''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021222062034/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2002/12/1212_021213_journeyofman.html |date=2002-12-22 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Stephen Oppenheimer. [http://www.bradshawfoundation.com/journey/gates2.html ''The Gates of Grief''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140530001241/http://www.bradshawfoundation.com/journey/gates2.html |date=2014-05-30 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ti [[Lingsat ti Gibraltar]] idiay Morocco,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Winters |first=Clyde |date=2011 |title=The Gibraltar Out of Africa Exit for Anatomically Modern Humans |url=http://www.webmedcentral.com/article_view/2319 |journal=WebmedCentral BIOLOGY |language=en |volume=2 |issue=10 |doi=10.9754/journal.wmc.2011.002319 |access-date=2015-02-04 |archive-date=2015-03-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150330221025/http://www.webmedcentral.com/article_view/2319 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; wennoti [[Ismo ti Suez]] idiay Ehipto.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.ffzg.unizg.hr/arheo/ska/tekstovi/out_of_africa.pdf Robin Derricourt, &quot;Getting 'Out of Africa': Sea Crossings, Land Crossings and Culture in the Hominin Migrations&quot;], 7 Hulio 2006.&lt;/ref&gt;

Dagiti sabali pay a migrasion dagitoy a moderno a tattao iti kaunegan ti kontinente ti Aprika ket napetsaanen iti dayta a panawen, nga adda iti ebidenisa ti nasapa a panagtaeng ti tao a nabirukan idiay [[Akin-abagatan nga Aprika]], [[Abagatan a daya nga Aprika]], [[Amianan nga Aprika]], ken ti [[Sahara]].&lt;ref&gt;Candice Goucher et al., World History: Journeys from Past to Present (2013), pp. 2-20, books.google.com/books?isbn=1134723547&lt;/ref&gt;

Ti kadakkel ti [[Sahara]] ket naipakasaritaanen a nakaro nga agdumaduma, nga iti kalawana ket napardas nga agdumaduma ken dagiti dadduma a panawen ket mapukpukaw depende kadagiti klimatiko a kasasaad ti lubong.&lt;ref&gt;The Sahara: Past, Present and Future, pp. 1-41, books.google.com/books?isbn=1317970012&lt;/ref&gt; Iti patingga dagiti [[Panawen ti yelo]], a nakarkulo idi agarup a 10,500 SK, ti [[Sahara]] ket nagbalin manen a berde a nalames a ginget, ken dagiti populasion ti Aprika ket nagsubli iti uneg ken dagiti kabambantayan nga aplaya idiay [[Sub-Sahara nga Aprika]], ken adda dagiti pinintaan iti bato a nangpakpakita ti nalames a Sahara ken dagiti adu a populasion a naduktalan idiay [[Tassili n'Ajjer]] a napetsaan iti agarup a 10 milmilenio.&lt;ref&gt;Mercier, Norbert; Le Quellec, Jean-Loïc; Hachid, Mimalika; Agsous, Safia; Grenet, Michel (Hulio 2012). &quot;OSL dating of quaternary deposits associated with the parietal art of the Tassili-n-Ajjer plateau (Central Sahara)&quot;. ''Quaternary Geochronology'' 10: 367–373. {{DOI|10.1016/j.quageo.2011.11.010}}. Naala idi 7 Marso 2013.&lt;/ref&gt; Nupay kasta, ti panagpudpudot ken ti panagmagmaga ti klima ket kaibuksilanna a babaen idi 5000 BC, ti rehion ti Sahara ket immad-adun a nagbalbalin a namaga ken nabusor. Idi agarup a 3500SK, gapu ti pakbo ti pagtayyekan ti Daga, ti Sahara ket nakasanay ti paset ti panawen iti napardas a panagbalin iti desierto.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/1999/07/990712080500.ht &quot;Sahara's Abrupt Desertification Started by Changes in Earth's Orbit, Accelerated by Atmospheric and Vegetation Feedbacks&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140307060153/http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/1999/07/990712080500.ht |date=2014-03-07 }}, ''Science Daily''.&lt;/ref&gt; Ti populasion ket immakarda kadagiti rehion ti Sahara ken napanda idiay Ginget ti Nilo iti baba ti [[Dagiti katarata ti Nilo|Maikadua a Katarata]] nga idiay ket nagaramidda kadagiti permanente wenno semi-permanente a pagtaengan. Napasamak ti nakaro a resesion ti klima, ken nagpabassit ti nakaro ken kankanayon a panagtudtudo idiay Sentral ken [[Daya nga Aprika|Akindaya nga Aprika]]. Manipud idin iti daytoy a panawen, dagiti namaga a kondision ti nagtultuloy idiay Akindaya nga Aprika ken immad-adu idi las-ud ti naudi a 200 a tawtawen, idiay [[Etiopia]].

Ti panagpaamo ti [[baka]] idiay Aprika ket immay sakbay ti [[agrikultura]] ken mabalin nga adda a kakuyog dagiti kultura ti agan-anup ken agburburas. Naipagpagarup a babaen idi 6000 SK, ti baka ket napaamon idiay Amianan nga Aprika.&lt;ref&gt;Diamond, Jared. (1999) &quot;Guns, Germs and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies. New York:Norton, pp.167.&lt;/ref&gt; Idiay kompleks ti Sahara-Nilo, dagiti tattao ket nagpaamoda kadagiti nadumaduma nga ayuop, a mairaman ti [[burro]] ken ti bassit a nasaraan ti tornilio a kalding a kadawyan idi manipud idiay [[Arhelia]] aginggana idiay [[Nubia]].
Idi tawen ti 4000 SK, ti klima ti Sahara ket nangrugrugi a pimmardas a nagbalin a nagmagmaga.&lt;ref name=&quot;O'Brien&quot;&gt;O'Brien, Patrick K. (General Editor). ''Oxford Atlas of World History''. New York: Oxford University Press, 2005, pp. 22–23.&lt;/ref&gt; Daytoy a panagbaliw ti klima ket taudan ti panagpabassit dagiti danaw ken dagiti karayan ken taudan ti imad-adu a panagbalin ti desierto . Daytoy ket isu ti gapuanan ti panagpaadu ti gatad ti daga a nasayaat para kadagiti pagtaengan ken nangtulong kadagiti migrasion dagiti komunidad ti agtaltalon idiayi ad-adu a tropikal a klima ti [[Laud nga Aprika]].&lt;ref name=&quot;O'Brien&quot; /&gt;

Babaen ti umuna a milenio SK, naipayammo ti panagobra iti landok idiay Akin-amianan nga Aprika ken napardas a naiwaras iti ballasiw ti Sahara kadagiti akin-amianan a paset ti sub-Sahara nga Aprika,&lt;ref&gt;[http://princetonol.com/groups/iad/lessons/middle/history1.htm#Irontechnology Martin and O'Meara, &quot;Africa, 3rd Ed.&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011083356/http://princetonol.com/groups/iad/lessons/middle/history1.htm#Irontechnology |date=2007-10-11 }} Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1995.&lt;/ref&gt; ken babaen idi 500 SK, ti panagobra ti metal ket nagbalinen a kadawyan idiay Laud nga Aprika. Ti panagobra ti landok ket napnon a naipundar idi agarup a 500 SK kadagiti adu a lugar iti Daya ken Laud nga Aprika, ngem dagiti dadduma a rehion ket saanda met a nangrugi iti panagobra ti landok aginggana  kadagiti nasapa a siglo ti AD. Dagiti banag ti [[gambang]] manipud idiay [[Ehipto]], Amianan nga Aprika, Nubia, ken Etiopia a napetsaan idi agarup a 500 SK ket nakali idiay Laud nga Aprika, ken mangisingasing a dagiti network ti [[Trans-Sahara a panagtagilako]] ket napundaren babaen ti daytoy a petsa.&lt;ref name=&quot;O'Brien&quot; /&gt;
{{clear}}
== Dagiti teritorio ken dagiti rehion ==
Dagiti pagilian iti daytoy a tabla ket naikategoria segun ti isbangan dagiti heograpiko a rehion nga inus-usar babaen ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian, ken ti datos a nairaman ket naala kadagiti taudan manipud kadagiti artikulo ken no agiddiat dagitoy maikkan met dagitoy iti pakaammo.
{|&lt;!-- This table keeps maps to the right, to not overlap the
 -- region-table, but it might overlap for some browsers.
 -- DON'T USE &quot;align=right&quot; but use style=&quot;float:right&quot; as
 -- the right-side alignment used by infoboxes.
--&gt; style=&quot;width:155px; float:right; margin-right:0.0em;&quot;
|[[Papeles:Africa-regions.svg|thumb|150px|[[Listaan dagiti rehion ti Aprika|Dagiti rehion]] ti Aprika:
{{legend|#800080|[[Amianan nga Aprika|Akin-amianan nga Aprika]]}}
{{legend|#ADFF0A|[[Laud nga Aprika|Akinlaud nga Aprika]]}}
{{legend|#A52A2A|[[Tengnga nga Aprika|Sentral nga Aprika]]}}
{{legend|#C0C0C0|[[Daya nga Aprika|kindaya nga Aprika]]}}
{{legend|#FF0A0A|[[Akin-abagatan nga Aprika]]}}]]
|-
|&amp;nbsp;&lt;!--put space to force empty row to appear--&gt;
|-
|&amp;nbsp;
|-
|[[Papeles:topography of africa.png|thumb|150px|Pisikal a mapa ti Aprika]]
|-
|[[Papeles:African continent-en.svg|thumb|150px|Politikal a mapa ti Aprika]]
|}&lt;!--end thumbnails--&gt;

&lt;!--begin country info tables--&gt;
{| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;4&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;border:1px solid #aaa; border-collapse:collapse; margin: 1em auto;&quot;
|- style=&quot;background:#ececec;&quot;
! Nagan ti rehion&lt;ref&gt;Dagiti kontinental a rehion segun ti isbangan ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; ken&lt;br /&gt;teritorio, nga addaan iti wagayway
! [[Listaan dagiti pagilian babaen ti kalawa|Kalawa]]&lt;br /&gt;(km²)
! [[Listaan dagiti pagilian babaen ti populasion|Populasion]]&lt;ref name=&quot;uscen&quot;&gt;[http://www.census.gov/cgi-bin/ipc/idbrank.pl USCensusBureau:Countries and Areas Ranked by Population: 2009]&lt;/ref&gt;
! Tawen
! [[Listaan dagiti naturay nga estado ken dagiti agkamkammatalek a teritorio babaen ti densidad ti populasion|Densidad]]&lt;br /&gt;(per km²)
! [[Kapitolio]]
|- style=&quot;background:#eee;&quot;
|colspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|'''[[Akin-amianan nga Aprika]]'''
|-
|{{WP|Algeria}}
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|2,381,740
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|34,178,188
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|2009
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|14
|[[Arhel]]
|-
|{{WP|Canary Islands}} (Espania)&lt;ref&gt;Ti Espaniol nga [[Is-isla Kanarias]], a ti [[Las Palmas de Gran Canaria]] ken [[Santa Cruz de Tenerife]] ket agkadua kapitolio,  ken masansan a naikeddeng a paset ti Akin-amianan nga Aprika gapu ti relatibo a kaasidegda iti [[Morocco]] ken ti [[Akinlaud a Sahara]]; dagiti pigura ti populasion ken kalawa ket para iti 2001.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|7,492
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|2,118,519
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|2010
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|226
|[[Las Palmas de Gran Canaria]],&lt;br /&gt;[[Santa Cruz de Tenerife]]
|-
|{{WP|Ceuta}} (Espania)&lt;ref&gt;Ti Espaniol nga eksklabe ti [[Ceuta]] ket napalikmutan iti daga babaen ti Morocco idiay Akin-amianan nga Aprika; dagiti pigura ti populasion ken kalawa ket para iti 2001.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|20
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|71,505
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|2001
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|3,575
|—
|-
|{{WP|Egypt}}&lt;ref&gt;Ti [[Ehipto]] ket kadawyan a naikeddeng a [[Listaan dagiti transkontinental a pagilian|transkontinental a pagilian]] idiay Akin-amianan nga Aprika (rehion ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagiliann) ken Akinlaud nga Asia; dagiti pigura ti populasion ken kalawa ket para laeng iti paset ti Aprika, iti laud ti [[Kanal Suez]].&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|1,001,450
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|82,868,000
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|2012
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|83
|[[Cairo]]
|-
|{{WP|Libya}}
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|1,759,540
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|6,310,434
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|2009
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|4
|[[Tripoli]]
|-
|{{WP|Madeira}} (Portugal)&lt;ref&gt;Ti Portuges nga [[Is-isla Madeira]] ket masansan a naikeddeng a paset ti Akin-amianan nga Aprika gapu ti relatibo a kaasidegda iti Morocco; dagiti pigura ti populasion ken kalawa ket para iti 2001.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|797
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|245,000
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|2001
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|307
|[[Funchal]]
|-
|{{WP|Melilla}} (Espania)&lt;ref&gt;Ti Espaniol nga eksklabe ti [[Melilla]] ket napalikmutan iti daga babaen ti Morocco idiay Akin-amianan nga Aprika; dagiti pigura ti populasion ken kalawa ket para iti 2001.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|12
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|66,411
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|2001
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|5,534
|—
|-
|{{WP|Morocco}}
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|446,550
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|34,859,364
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|2009
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|78
|[[Rabat]]
|-
|{{WP|Sudan}}
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|1,861,484
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|30,894,000
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|2008
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|17
|[[Khartoum]]
|-
|{{WP|Tunisia}}
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|163,610
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|10,486,339
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|2009
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|64
|[[Tunis]]
|-
|{{noflag}} [[Akinlaud a Sahara]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic&quot;&gt;Ti teritorio ti [[Akinlaud a Sahara]] ket tinunton babaen ti [[Demokratiko a Republika ti Arabo a Sahrawi]] ken [[Morocco]]. Ti Demokratiko a Republika ti Arabo a Sahrawi ket mabigbigan a kas naturay nga estado babaen ti [[Kappon ti Aprika]]. Ti [[Morocco]] ket tuntonenna ti intero a pagilian a kas bukodna nga [[Akin-amianan a Probprobinsia]]. Ti Morocco mangimaton iti 4/5 iti teritorio bayat a ti Demokratiko a Republika ti Arabo a Sahrawi ket agtengel iti 1/5. Ti panangikapet ti Morocco' iti daytoy a teritorio ket saan pay a nabigbigan ti sangalubongan.&lt;/ref&gt;
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|266,000
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|405,210
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|2009
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|2
|[[El Aaiún]]
|-style=&quot;background:#eee;&quot;
|colspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|'''[[Sara ti Aprika]]''' wenno '''[[Amianan a daya nga Aprika]]'''
|-
|{{WP|Djibouti}}
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|23,000
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|623,891
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|2012
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|22
|[[Djibouti (city)|Djibouti]]
|-
|{{WP|Eritrea}}
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|121,320
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|5,647,168
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|2009
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|47
|[[Asmara]]
|-
|{{WP|Ethiopia}}
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|1,127,127
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|84,320,987
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|2012
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|75
|[[Addis Ababa]]
|-
|{{WP|Somalia}}
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|637,657
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|9,832,017
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|2009
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|15
|[[Mogadishu]]
|- style=&quot;background:#eee;&quot;
|colspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|'''[[Akindaya nga Aprika]]'''
|-
|{{WP|Burundi}}
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|27,830
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|8,988,091
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|2009
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|323
|[[Bujumbura]]
|-
|{{WP|British Indian Ocean Territory}} - [[Purpuro Chagos]]&lt;br /&gt;(Nagkaykaysa a Pagarian)
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|56.13
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|3,000
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|2012
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|53.4
|[[Diego Garcia]]
|-
|{{WP|Comoros}}
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|2,170
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|752,438
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|2009
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|347
|[[Moroni, Comoros|Moroni]]
|-
|{{WP|Kenya}}
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|582,650
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|39,002,772
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|2009
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|66
|[[Nairobi]]
|-
|{{WP|Madagascar}}
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|587,040
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|20,653,556
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|2009
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|35
|[[Antananarivo]]
|-
|{{WP|Malawi}}
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|118,480
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|14,268,711
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|2009
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|120
|[[Lilongwe]]
|-
|{{WP|Mauritius}}
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|2,040
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|1,284,264
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|2009
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|630
|[[Port Louis]]
|-
|{{WP|Mayotte}} (Pransia)
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|374
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|223,765
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|2009
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|490
|[[Mamoudzou]]
|-
|{{WP|Mozambique}}
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|801,590
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|21,669,278
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|2009
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|27
|[[Maputo]]
|-
| {{WP|Réunion}} (Pransia)
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|2,512
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|743,981
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|2002
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|296
|[[Saint-Denis, Réunion|Saint-Denis]]
|-
|{{WP|Rwanda}}
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|26,338
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|10,473,282
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|2009
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|398
|[[Kigali]]
|-
|{{WP|Seychelles}}
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|455
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|87,476
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|2009
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|192
|[[Victoria, Seychelles|Victoria]]
|-
|{{WP|South Sudan}}
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|619,745
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|8,260,490
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|2008
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|13
|[[Juba]]
|-
|{{WP|Tanzania}}
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|945,087
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|44,929,002
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|2009
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|43
|[[Dodoma]]
|-
|{{WP|Uganda}}
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|236,040
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|32,369,558
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|2009
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|137
|[[Kampala]]
|-
|{{WP|Zambia}}
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|752,614
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|11,862,740
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|2009
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|16
|[[Lusaka]]
|-
|{{WP|Zimbabwe}}
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|390,580
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|11,392,629
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|2009
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|29
|[[Harare]]
|-
|colspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;background:#eee; text-align:center;&quot;|'''[[Sentral nga Aprika]]'''
|-
|{{WP|Angola}}
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|1,246,700
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|12,799,293
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|2009
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|10
|[[Luanda]]
|-
|{{WP|Cameroon}}
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|475,440
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|18,879,301
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|2009
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|40
|[[Yaoundé]]
|-
|{{WP|Central African Republic}}
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|622,984
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|4,511,488
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|2009
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|7
|[[Bangui]]
|-
|{{WP|Chad}}
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|1,284,000
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|10,329,208
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|2009
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|8
|[[N'Djamena]]
|-
|{{WP|Republic of the Congo}}
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|342,000
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|4,012,809
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|2009
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|12
|[[Brazzaville]]
|-
|{{WP|Democratic Republic of the Congo}}
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|2,345,410
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|69,575,000
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|2012
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|30
|[[Kinshasa]]
|-
|{{WP|Equatorial Guinea}}
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|28,051
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|633,441
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|2009
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|23
|[[Malabo]]
|-
|{{WP|Gabon}}
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|267,667
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|1,514,993
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|2009
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|6
|[[Libreville]]
|-
|{{WP|São Tomé and Príncipe}}
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|1,001
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|212,679
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|2009
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|212
|[[São Tomé]]
|-style=&quot;background:#eee;&quot;
|colspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|'''[[Akin-abagatan nga Aprika]]'''
|-
|{{WP|Botswana}}
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|600,370
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|1,990,876
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|2009
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|3
|[[Gaborone]]
|-
|{{WP|Lesotho}}
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|30,355
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|2,130,819
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|2009
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|70
|[[Maseru]]
|-
|{{WP|Namibia}}
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|825,418
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|2,108,665
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|2009
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|3
|[[Windhoek]]
|-
|{{WP|South Africa}}
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|1,219,912
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|51,770,560
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|2011
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|42
|[[Bloemfontein]], [[Cape Town]], [[Pretoria]]&lt;ref&gt;Ti [[Bloemfontein]] ketti ukoman a kapitolio ti Abagatan nga Aprika, bayat a ti [[Cape Town]] ket ti lehislatibo a tugaw, ken ti [[Pretoria]] ket ti administratibo a tugaw ti pagilian.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{WP|Swaziland}}
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|17,363
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|1,123,913
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|2009
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|65
|[[Mbabane]]
|-style=&quot;background:#eee;&quot;
|colspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|'''[[Akinlaud nga Aprika]]'''
|-
|{{WP|Benin}}
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|112,620
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|8,791,832
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|2009
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|78
|[[Porto-Novo]]
|-
|{{WP|Burkina Faso}}
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|274,200
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|15,746,232
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|2009
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|57
|[[Ouagadougou]]
|-
|{{WP|Cape Verde}}
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|4,033
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|429,474
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|2009
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|107
|[[Praia]]
|-
|{{WP|Gambia}}
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|11,300
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|1,782,893
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|2009
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|158
|[[Banjul]]
|-
|{{WP|Ghana}}
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|239,460
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|23,832,495
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|2009
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|100
|[[Accra]]
|-
|{{WP|Guinea}}
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|245,857
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|10,057,975
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|2009
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|41
|[[Conakry]]
|-
|{{WP|Guinea-Bissau}}
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|36,120
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|1,533,964
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|2009
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|43
|[[Bissau]]
|-
|{{WP|Ivory Coast}}
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|322,460
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|20,617,068
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|2009
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|64
|[[Abidjan]],&lt;ref&gt;Ti [[Yamoussoukro]] ket ti opisial a kapitolio ti [[Côte d'Ivoire]], nayat a ti [[Abidjan]] ket ti''[[de facto]]'' a tugaw.&lt;/ref&gt; [[Yamoussoukro]]
|-
|{{WP|Liberia}}
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|111,370
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|3,441,790
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|2009
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|31
|[[Monrovia]]
|-
|{{WP|Mali}}
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|1,240,000
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|12,666,987
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|2009
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|10
|[[Bamako]]
|-
|{{WP|Mauritania}}
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|1,030,700
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|3,129,486
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|2009
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|3
|[[Nouakchott]]
|-
|{{WP|Niger}}
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|1,267,000
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|15,306,252
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|2009
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|12
|[[Niamey]]
|-
|{{WP|Nigeria}}
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|923,768
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|166,629,000
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|2012
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|180
|[[Abuja]]
|-
|{{WP|Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha}} (Nagkaykaysa a Pagarian)
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|420
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|7,728
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|2012
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|13
|[[Jamestown, Saint Helena|Jamestown]]
|-
|{{WP|Senegal}}
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|196,190
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|13,711,597
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|2009
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|70
|[[Dakar]]
|-
|{{WP|Sierra Leone}}
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|71,740
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|6,440,053
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|2009
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|90
|[[Freetown]]
|-
|{{WP|Togo}}
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|56,785
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|6,019,877
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|2009
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|106
|[[Lomé]]
|-style=&quot;font-weight:bold; background:#eee;&quot;
||{{noflag}} Dagup ti Aprika
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|30,368,609
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|1,001,320,281
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|2009
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|33
|style=&quot;background:#eee;&quot;|
|}

== Dagiti nagibasaran ==
{{Reflist}}

== Adu pay a mabasbasa ==
* {{cite book|last=Asante|first=Molefi|title=The History of Africa|url=https://archive.org/details/historyofafricaq0000asan_v6f8|publisher=Routledge|location=Estados Unidos|year=2007|isbn=0-415-77139-0}}
* {{cite book|last=Clark|first=J. Desmond|title=The Prehistory of Africa|publisher=Thames and Hudson|location=Londres|year=1970|isbn=978-0-500-02069-2}}
* {{cite book|last=Crowder|first=Michael|title=The Story of Nigeria|url=https://archive.org/details/storyofnigeria0000crow_x6k2|publisher=Faber|location=London|year=1978|isbn=978-0-571-04947-9}}
* {{cite book|last=Davidson|first=Basil|title=The African Past: Chronicles from Antiquity to Modern Times|publisher=Penguin|location=Harmondsworth|year=1966|oclc=2016817}}
* {{cite book|last=Gordon|first=April A.|author2=Donald L. Gordon|title=Understanding Contemporary Africa|url=https://archive.org/details/understandingcon0000unse_h5y4|publisher=Lynne Rienner Publishers|location=Boulder|year=1996|isbn=978-1-55587-547-3}}
* {{cite book|last=Khapoya|first=Vincent B.|title=The African experience: an introduction|url=https://archive.org/details/africanexperienc00khap|publisher=Prentice Hall|location=Upper Saddle River, NJ|year=1998|isbn=978-0-13-745852-3}}
* Moore, Clark D., and Ann Dunbar (1968). ''Africa Yesterday and Today'', in series, ''The George School Readings on Developing Lands''. New York: Praeger Publishers.
* [[V. S. Naipaul|Naipaul, V. S.]]. ''The Masque of Africa: Glimpses of African Belief''. Picador, 2010. {{ISBN|978-0-330-47205-0}}

== Dagiti akinruar a silpo ==
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{{wikivoyage-inline|Africa|Aprika}}
* {{dmoz|Regional/Africa}}

{{Dagiti kontinente iti lubong}}
{{Dagiti rehion iti lubong}}
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[[Kategoria:Aprika]]
[[Kategoria:Dagiti kontinente|Aprika]]
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  <page>
    <title>Iran</title>
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      <text bytes="36347" sha1="7ldz4z0g22htaaol38th82ks3o8yg6t" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox pagilian
| native_name        ={{lang|fa|{{line-height|2|{{Nastaliq|جمهوری اسلامی ایران}}}}}} &lt;br /&gt;''Jomhuri-ye Eslāmi-ye Irān''
| conventional_long_name = Islamiko a Republika ti Iran
| common_name        = Iran
| image_flag         = Flag of Iran.svg
| image_coat         = Coat of arms of Iran.svg
| symbol_type        = Kayarigan
| image_map          = Iran (orthographic projection).svg&lt;!--pangngaasi a pakitungtungan sakbay a sukatan daytoy nga imahen--&gt;
| national_motto     = استقلال. آزادی. جمهوری اسلامی &lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;({{lang-ilo|Panagwayawyas, Wayawaya, Islamiko a Republika}})&lt;/small&gt;
| national_anthem    = &lt;br /&gt;[[Nailian a kanta iti Islamiko a Republika iti Iran]]{{spaces|2}}&lt;small&gt;(opisial)&lt;/small&gt;
| capital = [[Tehran]]
| coordinates = {{Coord|35|41|N|51|25|E|type:city}}
| largest_city = kapitolio
| official_languages = [[Pagsasao a Persiano|Persiano]]
| languages_type =[[Naisasao a pagsasao]]
| languages = [[Pagsasao a Persiano|Persiano]], [[Pagsasao nga Aserbasiano|Aseri]], [[Asiriano Neo-Arameiko]], [[Pagsasao nga Armenio|Armenio]], [[Pagsasao a Kurdo|Kurdo]], [[Lori a dialekto|Lori]], [[Pagsasao a Balochi|Balochi]], [[Pagsasao a Gilaki|Gilaki]], [[Pagsasao a Mazandarani|Mazandarani]], [[Pagsasao nga Arabiko|Arabiko]], [[Pagsasao a Turkmen|Turkmen]]
| demonym            = [[Demograpia ti Iran|Iraniano]]
| government_type    = [[Unitari nga estado]], [[Islamiko a republika]]
| legislature        = [[Islamiko nga Agpakiuman a Gimong Iran)|Islamiko nga Agpakiuman a Gimong]]
| leader_title1      = [[Kangatuan a Daulo ti Iran|Kangatuan a Daulo]]
| leader_name1       = [[Mojtaba Khamenei]]
| leader_title2      = [[Presidente ti Iran|Presidente]]
| leader_name2       = [[Ebrahim Raisi]]  (سیدابراهیم رئیسی)
| leader_title3      = [[Bise Presidente ti Iran|Umuna a Bise Presidente]]
| leader_name3       = [[Mohammad Mokhber]] (محمد مخبر)
| leader_title4      = [[Listaan dagiti Tagabitla ti Parlamento iti Iran|Tagabitla ti Parlamento]]
| leader_name4       = [[Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf]] (محمد باقر قالیباف)
| leader_title5      = [[Pangulo ti Hustisia]]
| leader_name5       = [[Gholam-Hossein Mohseni-Eje'i]] (غلامحسین محسنی اژه‌ای)
| sovereignty_type   = Panagtitipon
| established_event1 = [[Katengngaan nga Imperio]]
| established_date1  = 625 BC
| established_event2 = [[Imperio a Safavid]]
| established_date2  = 1501
| established_event3 = [[Islamiko a Republika]]
| established_date3  = 1 Abril 1979
| established_event4 = [[Batay-linteg iti Islamiko a Republika iti Iran|Agdama a batay-linteg]]
| established_date4  = 24 Oktubre 1979
| area_km2           = 1,648,195
| area_sq_mi         = 636,372 &lt;!--Saan nga ikkaten[[WP:MOSNUM]]--&gt;
| area_rank          = Maika-18
| percent_water      = 0.7
| population_density_rank = Maika-162
| population_estimate = 76,091,000&lt;ref name=&quot;pop&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.amar.org.ir/default.aspx?tabid=52 |title=Opisial a Pagurasan ti Populasion iti Iran |publisher=Amar.org.ir |date= |accessdate=13 Pebrero 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[[Listaan dagiti pagilian babaen ti populasion]]&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_estimate_year = 2012
| population_estimate_rank = Maika-17
| population_density_km2   = 46 &lt;ref&gt;[[Listaan dagiti pagilian babaen ti densidad ti populasion]]&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_density_sq_mi = 119 &lt;!--Saan nga ikkaten[[WP:MOSNUM]]--&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[[Listaan dagiti pagilian babaen ti densidad ti populasion]]&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_census        = 74,700,000
| population_census_year   = 2011
| GDP_PPP            = $827.344 bilion&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2011/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2009&amp;ey=2016&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;pr1.x=56&amp;pr1.y=12&amp;c=429&amp;s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC&amp;grp=0&amp;a= |title=Internasional a Pundo ti Panguartaan |publisher=Theodora.com |date= |accessdate=7 Disiembre 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| GDP_PPP_rank       = Maika-17
| GDP_PPP_year       = 2011
| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $10,797&lt;ref name=imf&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2011/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2008&amp;ey=2011&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;c=429&amp;s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&amp;grp=0&amp;a=&amp;pr.x=39&amp;pr.y=7|title=Iran|publisher=Internasional a Pundo ti Panguartaan|accessdate=21 Abril 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank =
| GDP_nominal        = $420.894 bilion&lt;ref name=&quot;imf&quot; /&gt;
| GDP_nominal_rank   = Maika-27
| GDP_nominal_year   = 2011
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $6,260&lt;ref name=&quot;imf&quot; /&gt;
| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = Maika-83
| Gini_year = 2010
| Gini_change = {{decrease}}&lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;
| Gini = 38 &lt;!--number only--&gt;
| Gini_ref = &lt;ref name=TT5&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.tehrantimes.com/economy-and-business/97430-central-bank-income-equality-improved-in-iran |title=Central bank: Income equality improved in Iran |access-date=2015-06-26 |archive-date=2013-11-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131115041148/http://www.tehrantimes.com/economy-and-business/97430-central-bank-income-equality-improved-in-iran |url-status=dead }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131115041148/http://www.tehrantimes.com/economy-and-business/97430-central-bank-income-equality-improved-in-iran |date=2013-11-15 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| Gini_rank =
| HDI_year = 2013&lt;!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--&gt;
| HDI_change = decrease&lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;
| HDI = 0.749 &lt;!--number only--&gt;
| HDI_ref = &lt;ref name=&quot;HDI&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2011_EN_Table1.pdf |title=Human Development Report 2010 |year=2010 |publisher=United Nations |accessdate=5 Nobiembre 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| HDI_rank = Maiak-75
| currency           = [[Rial ti Iran|Rial]] (﷼)
| currency_code      = IRR
| time_zone          = [[Pagalagadan nga Oras ti Iran|IRST]]
| utc_offset         = +03:30
| time_zone_DST      = [[Pagalagadan nga Oras ti Iran|Oras a Lawag ti Iran (IRDT)]]
| utc_offset_DST     = +04:30
| drives_on          = kanawan
| cctld              = [[.ir]], [[ایران.]]
| calling_code       = [[Dagiti numero ti telepono idiay Iran|98]]
| footnote1          = [http://www.bookrags.com/browse/Encyclopedia%20of%20Religious%20Practices/50 Bookrags.com]
| footnote2          = [http://www.iranchamber.com/geography/articles/flag_anthem.php Iranchamber.com]
| footnote3          = 
| footnote4          = [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ir.html#Econ CIA Factbook]
}}

Ti '''Iran''' ({{lang-fa|ایران}} {{IPA-fa|ʔiˈɾɒn||Fa-Iran (2).oga}}), opisial a ti '''Islamiko a Republika ti Iran''' ({{lang-fa|جمهوری اسلامی ایران}} ''Jomhuri-ye Eslāmi-ye Irān''), ket maysa a pagilian idiay [[Akinlaud nga Asia]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://cesww.fas.harvard.edu/ces_definition.html|title=&quot;CESWW&quot; – Panangipalpalawag ti Tengnga nga Eurasia|publisher=Cesww.fas.harvard.edu|accessdate=1 Agosto 2010|archive-date=2018-09-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180915101714/http://cesww.fas.harvard.edu/ces_definition.html|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180915101714/http://cesww.fas.harvard.edu/ces_definition.html |date=2018-09-15 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://travel.nationalgeographic.com/places/countries/country_iran.html Iran] National Geographic.&lt;/ref&gt; Ti nagan nga &quot;[[Iran (balikas)|Iran]]&quot;, nga iti [[Pagsasao a Persiano|Persiano]] ket kayatna a sawen a &quot;Daga dagiti [[Ariano]]&quot;, ket kapatnengan nga inus-usar daytoy manipud idi [[Imperio ti Sassanid|Sassaniano a panawen]].  Naus-usar ti sangalubongan daytoy idi 1935, sakbayan a daytoy a pagilian ket naam-ammuan idi ti [[Akinlaud a lubong]] a kas ti '''Persia'''. Ti &quot;Persia&quot; ken &quot;Iran&quot; ket maisublatan a maus-usar iti linaon dagiti kultura; nupay kasta,ti &quot;Iran&quot; ket isu ti opisial a maus-usar a nagan kadagiti linaon a politika.&lt;ref name=&quot;artarena&quot;&gt;[http://www.art-arena.com/history.html Iransaga] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130523020103/http://www.art-arena.com/history.html |date=2013-05-23 }},ti &quot;Persia wenno Iran, maysa nga ababa a pakasaritaan&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;iranian&quot;&gt;[http://www.iranian.ws/art.htm Iranian.ws], Irani ken Persiano nga Arte.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ti maika-18 a kadakkelan a pagilian iti lubong iti termino a kalawa iti {{convert|1648195|km2|abbr=on}}, ti Iran ket adda ti populasion ti agarup a 75 a riwriw.&lt;!--&lt;ref name=&quot;BBC&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;britannica1&quot;&gt;--&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = Iran | work =Encyclopædia Britannica | publisher =Encyclopædia Britannica | year =2012 | url =http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/293359/Iran | accessdate =8 Agosto 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Daytoy ket maysa a pagilian itinaisangsangayan a [[heopolitika]] a kinapangruna gapu ti lokasionna kadagiti tallo lugar iti Asia (Laud, Tengnga, ken Abagatan). Ti Iran nabeddengan iti amianan babaen ti [[Armenia]], [[Azerbaijan]] ken [[Turkmenistan]]. Ti Iran ket maysa a [[litoral a sona|litoral]] nga estado ti [[Baybay Kaspio]], nga adda ti kauneg ti daga a baybay, ti [[Kazakhstan]] ken [[Rusia]] ket dagus pay a kaarruba ti Iran iti amianan. Ti Iran ket nagbeddengan iti daya babaen ti [[Apganistan]] ken [[Pakistan]], iti abagatan babaen ti [[Golpo Persiano]] ken ti [[Golpo ti Oman]], iti laud babaen ti [[Irak]] ken iti amianan a laud babaen ti [[Turkia]]. Ti [[Tehran]] ket isu ti kapitoliona, ti kadakkelan a siudad ti pagilian ken ti politikal, kultural, komersial ken industrial a sentro ti pagilian. Ti Iran ket maysa a [[rehional a bileg]],&lt;ref name=&quot;parliament&quot;&gt;{{cite web|author=Ti Opisina ti Komite, Kamara ti Commons |url=http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200607/cmselect/cmfaff/363/36310.htm |title=Napili a Komite ti Ganganaet a Pannakibiang, Maikawalo a Reporta, Iran |publisher=Publications.parliament.uk |accessdate=18 Hunio 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;petro-hunt&quot;&gt;[http://www.petro-hunt.com/lectures/LectureOpen.htm Iran @ 2000 ken Labes dagiti serye ti lektura, pangyuna a bitla, W. Herbert Hunt, 18 Mayo 2000] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100103021931/http://www.petro-hunt.com/lectures/LectureOpen.htm |date=2010-01-03 }} Naala idi 1 Oktubre 2007.&lt;/ref&gt; ken agtengtengngel ti nangruna a puesto iti [[Nalatak a bileg ti enerhia#Iran|sekuridad ti sangalubongan nga enerhia]] ken [[Listaan dagitipagilian babaen ti GDP (PPP)|ekonomia ti lubong]] a kas nagbanagan kadagiti dakkel a reserbana iti petrolio ken masna nga alingasaw. Ti Iran ket adda ti maikadua a kadakkelan a napasingkedan a [[reserba ti masna nga alingasaw]] iti lubong ken  ti maikapat a kadakkelan a napasingkedan a [[reserba ti petrolio]].&lt;ref name=&quot;CIA&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ir.html|title=Iran|author=CIA World Factbook|accessdate=7 Agosto 2012|archive-date=2012-02-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203093100/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ir.html|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203093100/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ir.html |date=2012-02-03 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ti Iran ket isu ti pangibalayan kadagiti kaduogan a [[sibilisasion]] iti lubong.&lt;ref&gt;Lowell Barrington, Michael J. Bosia, Kathleen Bruhn, &quot;Komperatibo a Politika: Dagiti Estruktura ken dagiti Pagpilian&quot;, Cengage Learning, 2009. Naala manipud iti panid 34: &quot;Kasla ti Tsina, ti Iran ket panagibalayan ti kaduogan a sibilisasion iti lubong&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;  Ti immuna a dinastia idiay Iran ket naporma idi las-ud ti [[Elam]]ita a pagarian idi 2800&amp;nbsp;BC. Ti Irani a [[Medes]] ket nangikaykaysa ti Iran iti maysa nga imperio idi 625&amp;nbsp;BC.&lt;ref name=&quot;Encyclopædia Britannica Encyclopedia Article: Media ancient region, Iran&quot;&gt;{{cite web|author=Encyclopædia Britannica |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/372125/Media |title=Artikulo ti Encyclopædia Britannica Encyclopedia: Midia ti taga-ugma a rehion, Iran |publisher=Britannica.com |accessdate=25 Agosto 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dagiti ket sinaruno ti ken Irani nga [[Akamenidanga Imperio]], ti [[Helenestiko a sibilisasion|Heleniko]] a [[Seleusida nga Imperio]] kendagiti dua a simmarsaruno nga Irani nga imperio, dagiti [[Parto nga Imperio|Parto]] ken dagiti [[Sassanid nga Imperio|Sassanid]], sakbay ti [[Muslim a panarukma]] idi 651&amp;nbsp;AD. Dagiti kalpasan ti Islamiko a dinastia ken dagiti imperio ti Iran ket nagpadakkelda ti pagsasao a Persiano ken [[Persiano a kultura|kultura]] kadagiti amin a [[Irani a banak]]. Dagiti nasapa a dinastia ti Iran a nangiyunay-unay manen ti pnnakawaya ti Iran ket mairaman dagiti [[Tahirid]], [[Saffarid]], [[Samanid]] ken[[Buyid]].

Ti agrangrang-ay a [[Persiano a literatura]], [[Persiano a pilosopia|philosopia]], [[Siensia ken teknolohia idiay Iran|medisina]], astronomia, matematika ken [[Persiano nga arte|arte]] ket nagbalin kadagiti nangruna nga elemento ti Muslim a sibilisasion. Ti Irani nga identidad ket nagtultuloy urayno adda dagiti gangganaet a panaturturay kadagiti dimteng a sigsiglo&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/iranian-identity-iii-medieval-islamic-period |title=Ahmad Ashraf, &quot;Irani nga Identidad&quot; iti Encyclopaedia Iranica |publisher=Iranicaonline.org |date=15 Disiembre 2006 |accessdate=14 Septiembre 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; ken ti Persiano a kultura ket inampon pay babaen dagiti [[Ghaznavids|Ghaznavid]],&lt;ref&gt;B. Spuler, &quot;Ti Pannkadadael ti Kalipato iti Daya&quot;, iti Cambridge a Pakasaritaan ti Islam, Tom. IA: Dagiti tengnga a Islamiko a daga manipud iti Kasakbayan a panawen ti Islamiko aginggana ti Umuna a Sangalubongan a Gubat, ed. babaen ni P.M. Holt, Ann K.S. Lambton, ken Bernard Lewis (Cambridge: Unibersidad ti Cambridge a Pagmalditan, 1970). pg 147: Maysa kadagiti nagbanagan ti panagpabaro ti Persiano a kararua a nagbangan daytoy nga obra ket dagidi Ghaznavid ket nagbalinda a Persiano ken isunga nagbalina Persiano a dinastia.&lt;/ref&gt; Ti [[Seljuq a dinastia|Seljuk]],&lt;ref&gt;Grousset, Rene, Ti Imperio dagiti Estepa, (Unibersidad ti Rutgers a Pagmalditan, 1991), 161,164; &quot;..nagpabaro kadagiti panagpadas dagiti Seljuk ti panabiruk ti maysa a nalatak a Turko-Persiano nga imperio idiay akindaya nga Iran..&quot;, &quot;Maipalplagip a dagiti Seljuk, dagiti Turkomano a nagbalbalin a sultan ti Persia, ken saanda a pinabalina Turkia ti Persia-nga awan ti dudua gapu ta saanda a kinayat. Iti kagiddiatan, isuda ti nagboluntario nga agbalin a Persiano ken isuda, iti panagkukua kadagiti nalatak a daan a Sassanid nga ari, ket nagreggetda a mangsalaknib dagiti populasion ti Iran manipud kadagiti agsamsam banda dagiti Ghuzz ken nangisalakan ti Iraniani a kultura manipud iti the Turkomano a panagmes.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Bosworth, C.E.; Hillenbrand, R.; Rogers, J.M.; Blois, F.C. de; Bosworth, C.E.; Darley-Doran, R.E., Saldjukids, Ensiklopedia ti Islam. Inurnos babaen ni: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel ken W.P. Heinrichs. Brill, 2009. Brill Online: “Iti maipapana ti kultura, ti panagtitipon ti Seljuq nga Imperio ket nangmarka ti ad-adu nga agpang iti pannakaikkat ti trono ti Arabiko manipud iti panagmaymaysana a lingua franca dagiti naadalan ken natakneng a kagimongan iti Tengnga a Daya. Nga immayda a kas idi iti maysa a Transoxania nga isu idi ket adu pay nga umuna nga Irani ken iti maitutop a Persia, dagiti Seljuq nga awan bukodda a nangato nga agpang iti Turko a kultura wenno literario a tawidan – ket nangalada iti Persia, isunga ti pagsasao a Persiano ket nagbalin nga isu ti administrasion ken kultura idiay dagada a  Persia kenAnatolia. Ti Persiano a kultura dagiti Rum Seljuq ket naisangsangayan idi a napintas, ken nagin-inut laeng a rimsua ti Turko a kas ti naiyariping a pagsasao iti pagobraan ti giobierno ken adab; ti Persiano nga imprenta iti Otomano a sibilisasion ket nagtaltalinaay a napigsa aginggana idi maika-19 a siglo. &quot;&lt;/ref&gt; [[Ilkhanid]]&lt;ref&gt;Ross E. Dunn, &quot;dagiti Panagbanbanniaga ni Ibn Battuta, ti Muslim a mangbanniaga iti maikasangapulo ket uppata siglo&quot;, Unibersidad ti California a Pagmalditan, 1986. pg 144: &quot;Agpaysao nga idi babaen ti Ilkhanid a kinaturay ti nangato a kultura ti dumaya ken tengnga nga Anatolia ket nagbalin nga ad-adu a Persiano ngem kadagidi&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; ken ti [[Timurid a dinastia|Timurid]]&lt;ref&gt;Maria Subtelny, &quot;Dagiti Timurids nga Agdaldaliasat&quot;, BRILL; nailustrado nga edision (30 Septiembre 2007). pg 40: &quot;Nupay kasta, iti narikut a pamay-an , dagiti kameng ti Timurid a dinastia ken dagiti agsupsuporta kaniada a Turko-Mongoliano ket nagbalinda a nasanay iti kultura babaen ti panagliklikmut ti Persinate millieu a nagamampon kadagiti modelo ti Persiano a kultura ken panagraman ken nagtigtignay a kas dagiti patron ti Persiano a kultura, pinintaan, arkitektura ken musika.&quot; pg 41: &quot;Dagiti kinaudi a kameng ti dinastia, a naisangsangayan kada Sultan-Abu Sa'id ken Sultan-Husain, iti kinapudno ket naikedkedengda a kas modelo ti Perso-Islamiko nga agturturay a nangirang-ay kadagiti adu a panagikaskaso ti panagrang-ay ti agrikultura a kas ti inaramidda ti panagirang-ay ti korte ti Persiano a kultura.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; agturturay. Ti irurumsua ti 1501 iti [[Safavid a dinastia]],&lt;ref name=&quot;Andrew J. Newman 2006&quot;&gt;Andrew J. Newman, Safavid Iran: Pannakaipasngay manen ti Persiano nga Imperio, I. B. Tauris (30 Marso 2006)&lt;/ref&gt; a nangipakpatakder ti [[Imami]] a [[Shia nga Islam]]&lt;ref name=&quot;savoryeiref&quot;&gt;R.M. Savory, ''Safavids'', Ensiklopedia ti Islam, maika-2 nga edision&lt;/ref&gt; a kas ti opisial a relihion ti imperioda, ket nangmarka iti maysa a kangrunaan a nagsikkuan a punto ti Irani ken [[Muslim a pakasaritaan]].&lt;!--&lt;ref name=&quot;islamic1600&quot; /&gt; --&gt;Ti [[Kontitusional a Rebolusion ti Persia]] ket nangibangon ti [[Majles|immuna a parlamento]] ti pagilian idi 1906, iti kaunegan ti maysa a [[batay-linteg a monarkia]]. Kalpasan ti maysa a [[Irani a kudeta ti 1953|kudeta nga inrugi babaen ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagarian ken Estados Unidos]] idi 1953, ti Iran ket nagin-inut a nagbalin nga ad-adu nga autokratiko a pagilian. Ti immad-adu a panagsuppiat iti gangganaet nga impluensia ket kimmaro idi las-ud ti [[Irani a Rebolusion ]] a nakaiturongan ti pannakabangon ti maysa nga [[Islamiko a republika]] idi 1 Abril 1979.&lt;!--&lt;ref name=&quot;britannica1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Britannica&quot; /&gt;--&gt;

Ti Iran ket maysa a kaemeng dagiti nangipundar ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian , [[Di-Nailinia a Tignay|NAM]], [[Organisasion ti Islamiko a Pagtitinnulongan|OIC]] ken ti [[OPEC]]. Ti [[Politika ti Iran|politikal a sistema ti Iran]], a naibatay ti [[Batay-linteg ti Islamiko a Republika ti Iran|1979 a batay-linteg]], ket buklen dagiti nadumaduma a narikut a nagkikinnapet nga agturturay a bagbagi. Ti kangatuan a kasasaad ti turay ket ti [[Kangatuan a Daulo ti Iran|Kangatuan a Daulo]]. Ti [[Shia Islam|Shia]] nga [[Islam]] ket isu ti opisial a relihion ken ti [[Pagsasao a Persiano|Persiano]] ket isu ti opisial a pagsasao.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=قانون اساسی جمهوری اسلامی ایران|url=http://fa.wikisource.org/wiki/قانون_اساسی_جمهوری_اسلامی_ایران|language=Persiano|accessdate=23 Enero 2008 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Etimolohia ==
{{Nangruna|Iran (balikas)|Nagan ti Iran}}
Ti ngan ti Iran (ایران) ket isu ti [[Moderno a Persiano]] a tinaudan manipud iti [[Proto-Irani]] a termino ti ''Aryānā,'', a kayatna a sawen ket &quot;Daga dagiti [[Aryan]]&quot;, nga immun-una a naipakpakita iti [[Avesta]] a tradision ti [[Zoroastrianismo]].&lt;ref name=&quot;hinduwebsite&quot;&gt;{{cite web|author=V.Jayaram |url=http://www.hinduwebsite.com/hinduism/concepts/arya.asp |title=Dagiti Konsepto ti Hinduismo – Arya |publisher=Hinduwebsite.com |date=9 Enero 2007 |accessdate=18 Hunio 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;about.com&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://ancienthistory.about.com/od/persianempiremaps/qt/Iran.htm |title=&quot;Iran – Ti Taga-ugma anagan ti Iran&quot;, N.S. Gill |publisher=Ancienthistory.about.com |date=4 Septiembre 2010 |accessdate=18 Hunio 2011 |archive-date=2011-07-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716094502/http://ancienthistory.about.com/od/persianempiremaps/qt/Iran.htm |url-status=dead }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716094502/http://ancienthistory.about.com/od/persianempiremaps/qt/Iran.htm |date=2011-07-16 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Bailey_Arya&quot;&gt;{{cite encyclopedia|last=Bailey|first=Harold Walter|authorlink=|title=Arya|pages=681–683|year=1987|volume=2|encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia Iranica|location=New York|publisher=Routledge &amp; Kegan Paul|url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/arya-an-ethnic-epithet}}&lt;/ref&gt; Thi termino nga ''Ērān'' ket nabirukan a mangibagbaga ti Iran iti maika-3 a siglo a [[Sassanid nga Imperio|Sassanid]] a sinuratan, ken ti [[Pagsasao a Parto|Parto]] a sinuratan a kumadduan kadagiti panagusarna ti Parto a termino ti &quot;aryān&quot; a nangibagbaga kadsagiti ''Irani''.&lt;ref name=&quot;MacKenzie&quot;&gt;{{cite encyclopedia|last=MacKenzie|first=David Niel|title=Ērān, Ērānšahr|year=1998|volume=8|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Iranica|publisher=Mazda|location=Costa Mesa|url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/eran-eransah}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nupay kata, iti naipakasaritaan ti Iran ket naibagbaga idi a kas Persia wenno ti kapadpadana (''La Perse, Persien, Perzië, kdpy.'') babaen ti Lumaud a lubong, a nagruna ti gapuna kadagiti sinursurat dagidi Griego a historiador a nangtawtawag ti Iran iti ''Persis'' (Περσίς), a kayatna a sawen ket daga dagiti [[Tattao a Persiano|Persiano]]. Idi 1935, ni [[Rezā Shāh]] ket nagkiddaw a ti komunidad ti sangalubongan ket tawaganda koma ti pagilianna a kas ti Iran. Ti panagsuppiat ti panagbaliw ti nagan ket nangiturong ti panagibabawi ti daytoy a keddeng, ken idi 1959 dagitoy dua a nagan ket naipagsinnukat a naus-usar.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| title = Panaginagan manen ti Persia| work = persiansarenotarabs.com | year = 2007| url = http://www.persiansarenotarabs.com/renaming-persia/ | accessdate =26 Abril 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Manipud ti [[Irani a Rebolusion]] idi 1979 ti opisial a naganen ti pagilian ket &quot;Islamiko a Republika iti Iran&quot;.

Ti naipakasaritaan ken maipapan ti kultura a naad-adu a panagusar ti 'Iran'&lt;ref&gt;Richard N. Frye, panakisinnarita babaen ni Asieh Namdar, CNN, 20 Oktubre2007. &quot;Nagtrabtrabahuak idiay Iran ti amin a kabibiag ken ammok nga ammom  a saanko a kayat a sawen ti Iran tatta nga aldaw, Ti kayatko a sawen ket ti Kalatakan nga Iran, ti Iran nga iti napalabas, a gimmay-at aginggana idiay Tsina aginggana kadagiti pagbeddengan ti Hungaria ken manipud iti sabali a Mongolia aginggana idiay Mesopotamia&quot;. [http://azadegan.info/files/Dr.Frye-discusses-greater-Iran-on-CNN.mp4] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160423185051/http://azadegan.info/files/Dr.Frye-discusses-greater-Iran-on-CNN.mp4 |date=2016-04-23 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Ni Richard Nelson Frye, Ti Teolohiko a Panagrepaso ti Harvard, Tom. 55, Blng. 4 (Okt., 1962), pp. 261-268 http://www.jstor.org/pss/1508723 Inus-usarko ti termino nga Iran iti maysa a naipakasaritaan a kontesto[…]ti Persia ket mausarto para iti moderno nga estado, ad-adu wenno basbassit a kapadpada ti &quot;lumaud nga Iran&quot;. Us-usarek ti termino a &quot;Kalatakan nga Iran&quot; tapno kaibuksilanna ti naipagpagarupko a Klasista ken dagiti taga-ugma a historiador ket pudno a kayatda a sawen babaen ti panagusarda iti Persia – a daytoy ket adda idi ti kaunegan kadagiti politikal a pagbeddengan dagiti Estado a tinurturayan babaen dagiti Irani.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Marcinkowski, Christoph (2010). Kinasiasino dagiti Shi'ite: Komunidad ken Kultura kadagiti Agbalbaliw a Sosial a Konteksto. LIT Verlag Münster. p. 83. {{ISBN|978-3-643-80049-7}}. &quot;Dagiti 'naipakasaritaan a daga iti Iran' – 'Kalatakan nga Iran' – ket kankanayon idi a naamammuan iti pagsasao a Persiano a kas ti Irānshahr wenno Irānzamīn. Dagitoy dua a termino ket mangibagbaga ti Irani a banak a maipatinayon ti Persianato a lubong, dagita a rehion naipakasaritaan idi nga adda kadagiti nakaro nga impluensia ti Persiano a kultura, a mabalin a kapadpada kadagiti teritorio a tinurayan babaen dagiti taga-ugma a parto ken Sasanids – a kas, iti maipatinayon iti 'maitutop nga Iran', ken ti pay Kaukaso, Mesopotamia (Irak), Tengnga nga Asia, ken ti dakkel a paspaset a tattan ket Pakistan ken Apganistan ken maibagbagay iti Persiano a  'naipakasaritaan a pannaka-awat' iti 'napno a gay-at ti teritorio' iti Iran. Ti kapitolio idi daytoy nga entidad ket, iti sagpaminsan, ket mabirukan tatta nga aldawen iti Irak&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; ket saan a nairestrikto iti moderno a maitutop nga estado. Irānshahr&lt;ref&gt;Mīr Khvānd, Muḥammad ibn Khāvandshāh, Tārīkh-i rawz̤at al-ṣafā. Taṣnīf Mīr Muḥammad ibn Sayyid Burhān al-Dīn Khāvand Shāh al-shahīr bi-Mīr Khvānd. Az rū-yi nusakh-i mutaʻaddadah-i muqābilah gardīdah va fihrist-i asāmī va aʻlām va qabāyil va kutub bā chāphā-yi digar mutamāyiz mībāshad.[Tehrān] Markazī-i Khayyām Pīrūz [1959-60]. ایرانشهر از کنار فرات تا جیهون است و وسط آبادانی عالم است. Ti Iranshahr ket gumay-at manipud iti Euprates aginggana idiay Oxus, ken daytoy ket sentro iti prosperidad iti Lubong&lt;/ref&gt; wenno Irānzamīn ([[Kalatakan nga Iran]])&lt;ref&gt;Frye, R. (2011). Persia. Routledge. p. 13. {{ISBN|978-0-415-57033-6}}. &quot;Daytoy a 'kalatakan nga Iran' ket nangiraman ken mangiramraman pay tatta ti paset ti Kaukaso a Kabambantayan, Tengnga nga Asia, Apganistan ken Irak; para kadagiti Kurdo, Baluchis, Apgani, Tajiks, Ossetes, ken dagiti dadduma pay a babbabassit a grupo ti Irani&quot; [http://books.google.com/books?id=9QOfAvCP1jkC&amp;pg=PA13&amp;dq=This+'greater+Iran'+included+and+still+includes+part+of+the+Caucasus+Mountains,+Central+Asia,+Afghanistan+and+Iraq;+for+Kurds,+Baluchis,+Afghans,+Tajiks,+Ossetes,+and+other+smaller+groups+are+Iranians.&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=2lmhUM2GIMWJiwLZsIH4BA&amp;ved=0CDAQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&amp;q=This%20'greater%20Iran'%20included%20and%20still%20includes%20part%20of%20the%20Caucasus%20Mountains%2C%20Central%20Asia%2C%20Afghanistan%20and%20Iraq%3B%20for%20Kurds%2C%20Baluchis%2C%20Afghans%2C%20Tajiks%2C%20Ossetes%2C%20and%20other%20smaller%20groups%20are%20Iranians&amp;f=false]&lt;/ref&gt; ket maipada kadagiti teritorio ti Irani a kultura wenno linguistiko a sona. Malaksid ti moderno nga Iran, nangiraman daytoy kadagiti paset ti Kaukaso, Mesopotamia, ti Indiano a subkontinente ken Tengnga nga Asia.

== Pakasaritaan ==
{{Nangruna|Pakasaritaan ti Iran}}

=== Nasapa a pakasaritaan ===
Dagiti kasapaan nga arkeolihoko nga artipakto idiay Iran, kasla dagiti nakalkali idiay [[Kashafrud]] ken dagiti sitio idiay [[Ganj Par]], ket mangipakpakita ti kaada ti tao idiay Iran manipud idi panawen ti [[Akin-baba Paleolitiko]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web| last = Biglari| first = Fereidoun| authorlink = | author2 = Saman Heydari|author3= Sonia Shidrang| title = Ganj Par: Ti immuna nga ebidensia ti Akin-baba a Paleolitiko a panagtaeng idiay Akin abagatan a Labneng Kaspio, Iran| publisher = Antiquity (warnakan)| url = http://www.antiquity.ac.uk/projgall/biglari302/| accessdate =27 Abril 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Dagiti [[Neanderthal]] nga artipakto a napetsaan manipud idi panawen ti [[Tengnga a Paleolitiko]] ket nangruna a nabirukanen idiay rehion ti Zagros kadagiti sitio a kas dagiti rukib ti [[Warwasi]] ken [[Yafteh]] .&lt;ref name=Museum&gt;[http://www.pbase.com/k_amj/tehran_museum Pbase.com]. Naala idi 27 Marso 2008&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;J. D. Vigne, J. Peters ken ni D. Helmer, ''Dagiti Immuna nga Addang ti Panangipaamo ti Ayup'', Dagiti nagbanagan ti Maika-9 a Konperensia iti Internasional a Konsilo iti Arkeosoolohia, Durham, Agosto 2002, {{ISBN|1-84217-121-6}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dagiti nasapa nga agrikultural a komunidad ket nangrugida a rimmang-ay idiay Iran idi agarup a 8000 BC,&lt;ref&gt;''[http://oi.uchicago.edu/research/pubs/nn/spr97_alizadeh.html Dagiti Kinalkali idiay Chogha Bonut: Ti kasapaan a purok idiay Susiana, Iran] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130725195537/http://oi.uchicago.edu/research/pubs/nn/spr97_alizadeh.html |date=2013-07-25 }}'', babaen ni Abbas Alizadeh – Ti Oriental Instituto ken ti Departmento para kadagiti Pagsasao ti Asideg a Daya ken dagiti Sibilisasion Ti Unibersidad ti Chicago&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last =Hole|first =Frank|title =NEOLITIKO A PANAWEN IDIAY IRAN|work =Encyclopedia Iranica|publisher =Encyclopaedia Iranica Foundation|date = 20 Hulio 2004|url =http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/neolithic-age-in-iran|accessdate =9 Agosto 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; nga adda dagiti pagtaengan a kas ti [[Chogha Bonut]], [[Susa]]ken [[Chogha Mish]] a rimmangrang-ay idiay rehion ti [[Kabambantayan Zagros|Zagros]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=RTGc9YH-C38C&amp;source=gbs_navlinks_s ''Taga-ugma ng aarte ti Asideg a Daya''] babaen ni Dominique Collon&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Chogha Mish (Iran) |author=K. Kris Hirst |url=http://archaeology.about.com/od/cterms/g/choghamish.htm |access-date=2013-03-29 |archive-date=2013-11-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131106002737/http://archaeology.about.com/od/cterms/g/choghamish.htm |url-status=dead }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131106002737/http://archaeology.about.com/od/cterms/g/choghamish.htm |date=2013-11-06 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;xinhuaciv&quot;&gt;[http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2007-08/10/content_6508609.htm Xinhua, &quot;Baro nga ebidensia: moderno a sibilisasion ket nangrugi idiay Iran&quot;, 10 Agosto 2007] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123142419/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2007-08/10/content_6508609.htm |date=2016-11-23 }}. Naala idi 1 Oktubre 2007.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ti irumrumsua iti [[Susa]] a kas maysa a siudad ket naikeddeng babaen ti panangipetsa iti C14 a nasapsapa a kas ti 4395 BC.&lt;ref&gt;Ti Arkeolohia iti Elam: Pannakaporma ken Pannakaporma manen iti maysa a Taga-ugma nga Estado ti Iran – babaen ni D. T. Potts, Unibersidad ti Cambridge a Pagmalditan, 29/07/1999 – pp. 45-46 - {{ISBN|0521563585}}hardback&lt;/ref&gt; Adda dagiti sangadosena a [[Prehistoria|pre-historiko]] a sitio iti ballasiw ti Irani a banak a manigitudtudo ti kaadda kadagiti taga-ugma a kultura ken dagiti urbano a pagtaengan idi [[maikapat a milenio BC]].&lt;ref name=&quot;xinhuaciv&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;iran-daily&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20080124101129/http://www.iran-daily.com/1385/2795/html/panorama.htm Iran Daily, &quot;Panorama&quot;, 3 Marso 2007]. Naala idi 200701-24.&lt;/ref&gt; Idi las-ud ti [[Gambang a panawen]] ti Iran idi ket pagbalayan dagiti nadumaduma a sibilisasion a kas ti [[Elam]], [[Jiroft civilisation|Jiroft]] ken dagiti [[Karayan Zayandeh a kultura|Zayandeh Rud a sibilisasion]]. Ti [[Elam]], ket isu idi ti kadayegan kadagitoy a sibilisasion a naparang-ay idiay abagatan a laud ti Iran a kaaripingna dagiti adda idiay Mesopotamia. Ti panagrang-ay ti panagsurat idiay  Elam idi  [[maikapat a milenio BC]] ket kapadpadana iti napasamak idia [[Sumer]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web| title = Dagiti taga-ugma a sinuratan:Elamite| year = 1996| url = http://www.ancientscripts.com/elamite.html| accessdate =28 Abril 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ti pagarian ti [[Elam]] ket nagtultuloy ti kaaddana angiggana ti irurumsua dagiti imperio ti [[Medes|Mediano]] ken dagiti [[Akuamenida nga Imperio]].

== Heograpia ==
{{Nangruna|Heograpia ti Iran}}
[[Papeles:Iran-geographic map.svg|thumb|Topograpia ti Iran]]

Ti Iran ket ti [[Listaan dagiti pagilian ken territorio babaen ti dagup a kadakkel|maikasangapulo ket walo a kadakkelan a pagilian]] iti lubong, nga addaan iti kalawa iti {{pagbaliwen|1648195|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}.&lt;ref name=&quot;CIA&quot; /&gt; Ti kalawana ket agarup a kapada no maitiptipon ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagarian, Pransia, Espania, ken Alemania, wenno kapada no ad-adu bassit ngem ti estado ti Estados Unidos ti [[Alaska]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url= http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/Asia-and-Oceania/Iran-LOCATION-SIZE-AND-EXTENT.html|title=Iran-Location, size, and extent|publisher=Nationsencyclopedia.com|date=7 Pebrero 2011|accessdate=18 Hunio 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ti Iran ket mabirukan iti nagbaetan dagiti latitud ti [[Maiak-24 a parallelo amianan|24°]] ken [[Maika-40 a paralelo amianan|40° N]], ken dagiti longitud ti [[Maika-44 a meridiano daya|44°]] ken [[Maika-64 a meridiano daya|64° D]]. Dagiti pagbeddenganna ket ti [[Azerbaijan]] ({{pagbaliwen|611|km|mi|0|abbr=on}}) (iti [[Autonomo a Republika ti Nakhchiva|Azerbaijan-Naxciva]] eksklabe iti ({{pagbaliwen|179|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} ))&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/aj.html|title=CIA – The World Factbook|publisher=Cia.gov|accessdate=7 Abril 2012|archive-date=2016-07-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160709035525/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/aj.html|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090610081951/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/AJ.html |date=2009-06-10 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ken ti [[Armenia]] ({{pagbaliwen|35|km|mi|0|abbr=on}}) iti amianan-laud; ti [[Baybay Kaspio]] iti amianan; ti [[Turkmenistan]] ({{pagbaliwen|992|km|mi|0|abbr=on}}) iti amianan-daya; ti [[Pakistan]] ({{pagbaliwen|909|km|mi|0|abbr=on|}}) ken [[Apganistan]] ({{pagbaliwen|936|km|mi|0|abbr=on}}) iti daya; ti [[Turkia]] ({{pagbaliwen|499|km|mi|0|abbr=on}}) ken ti [[Irak]] ({{pagbaliwen|1458|km|mi|0|abbr=on}}) iti laud; ken dagiti pay danum ti Persiano a Golpo ken ti [[Golpo ti Oman]] iti abagatan.

[[Papeles:Damavand3.jpg|thumb|left|Ti [[Bantay Damavand]], ti kangatuan a puntos ti Iran, ken mabirukan idiay [[Kondado Amol]], [[Mazanderan]].]]
Ti Iran ket buklen ti [[Irani a Banak]] malaksid dagiti aplaya ti Baybay Kaspio ken ti [[Probinsia ti Khuzestan]]. Daytoy ket maysa kadagiti kaaduan ti banbantay a pagilian, ken kaaduan ti langa ti dagana ket dagiti lasonglasong a [[kabambantayan]] a mangisina kadagiti nadumaduma a [[pagayusan a labneng]] ken dagiti [[banak]]. Ti adu ti populasionna nga akinlaud a parte ket isu ti kaaduan ti banbantay,nga addaan kadagiti kabambantayan a kas ti [[Banbantay Kaukaso|Kaukaso]], [[Banbantay Zagros|Zagros]] ken ti Banbantay [[Alborz]]; ti naudi a naibaga ket aglaon ti kangatuan a puntos ti Iran, ti [[Bantay Damavand]] aiti {{pagbaliwen|5610|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}, ken isu pay ti kangatuan a bantay iti masa ti daga ti [[Eurasia]] iti laud ti [[Hindu Kush]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://news.surfwax.com/geography/files/Hindu_Kush_Mountains.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624014628/http://news.surfwax.com/geography/files/Hindu_Kush_Mountains.html|archivedate=24 Hunio 2011|title=SurfWax: News, Reviews and Articles On Hindu Kush|publisher=News.surfwax.com|accessdate=18 Hunio 2011}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624014628/http://news.surfwax.com/geography/files/Hindu_Kush_Mountains.html |date=2011-06-24 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ti akin-amianan a paset ti Iran ket naabbongan babaen dagiti nasamek a katuduan a bakir a tinawtawagan ti [[Naglalaok a bakbakir ti Hikarnio ti Kaspio|Shomal]] wenno Bakbakir ti Iran. Ti akindaya a paset ket kaaduan a buklen dagiti labneng ti [[desierto]] a kas ti[[Dasht-e Kavir]], ti kadakkelan a desierto ti Iran, idiay amianan-sentral a paset ti pagilian, ken ti [[Dasht-e Lut]], iti daya, ken dagiti pay dadduma a [[naapgad a danaw]]. Daytoy ket kastoy gapu ta dagitoy a rehion dagiti kabambantayan ket nangatoda unay a maabotan dagiti ulep ti tudo.

Dagiti laeng dakkel a [[tanap]] ket mabirukan idiay igid ti aplaya ti Baybay Kaspio ken ti akin-amianan a patingga ti Persiano a Golpo, a ti Iran ket pagbeddengan ti sabangan ti [[Shatt al-Arab|karayan Arvand]]. Dagti basbassit ken saan nga agtultuoy a tanap ket mabirukan iti igid dagiti dadduma nga aplaya iti Persiano a Golpo, ti [[Kipet ti Hormuz]] ken ti Golpo ti Oman.
{{clear}}

== Dagiti nagibasaran ==
{{Reflist}}

== Dagiti akinruar a silpo ==
* {{commonscat-inline|Iran|{{PAGENAME}}}}
* {{wikivoyage-inline}}
* {{Wikiatlas|Iran}}
* {{dmoz|Regional/Middle_East/Iran}}

{{Tengnga a Daya}}
{{Dagiti pagilian ti Asia}}

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[[Kategoria:Nangruna nga artikulo (atiddog)]]</text>
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    <title>Abagatan a Korea</title>
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{{Infobox pagilian
| conventional_long_name = Republika ti Korea
| common_name            = Abagatan a Korea
| native_name            = {{unbulleted list|{{patubo a nagan|ko|대한민국|italics=off}}|{{small|''Daehan Minguk''}}}}
| image_flag             = Flag of South Korea.svg
| other_symbol           = &lt;div style=&quot;padding:0.3em;&quot;&gt;
[[Papeles:Seal of South Korea.svg|85px|]]&lt;/div&gt;
| other_symbol_type      = [[Selio ti Abagatan aa Korea|Nailian a selio]]&lt;br /&gt;{{nobold|{{lang|ko|&quot;국새&quot;}}}}
| alt_flag               = Naipatengnga a taegeuk itimaysa a puraw a rektanggulo a mangiraman kadagiti uppat a nangisit a trigramo
| image_coat             = Emblem of South Korea.svg
| alt_coat               = Naipatengnga a taegeuk itimaysa a hibiscus syriacus a napalikmutan babaen dagiti lima a naestilo a petalo ken maysa a ribbon
| symbol_type            = Kayarigan
| national_motto         = &lt;br /&gt;{{lang|ko|&quot;홍익인간&quot;|italics=off}} {{small|(''[[de facto]]'')}} &lt;br /&gt;&quot;[[Hongik Ingan]]&quot;&lt;br /&gt;{{small|&quot;Pagimbagan a nasekkeg ti nagtagitaoan a lubong&quot;}}&lt;ref name=&quot;lie&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Cozmiuc |first=Cornelia |date=2010 |title=A New Way of Seeing Country Social Responsibility |url=http://www.fssp.uaic.ro/argumentum/Numarul%2010%20%282%29/Articol%20Cozmiuc.pdf |url-status=dead |journal=Argumentum |language=en |volume=10 |issue=2 |page=6 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130925143746/http://www.fssp.uaic.ro/argumentum/Numarul%2010%20%282%29/Articol%20Cozmiuc.pdf |archive-date=25 Septiembre 2013 |access-date=16 Enero 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| anthem                 = &lt;br /&gt;{{lang|ko|&quot;애국가&quot;|italics=off}}&lt;br /&gt;&quot;[[Aegukga]]&quot; &lt;br /&gt;{{small|&quot;Ti Patriotiko a Kanta&quot;}}{{lower|0.2em|[[Papeles:National anthem of South Korea, performed by the United States Navy Band.wav|center]]}}
| image_map              = Republic of Korea (orthographic projection).svg
| map_width              = 220px
| alt_map                = 
| map_caption            = Daga a tinengngel babaen ti Abagtan a Korea ket naipakita iti nangisit a berde; daga a tinunton ngem saan a tinengngel ket naipakita iti napusasaw a berde
| capital                = [[Seoul]]&lt;br /&gt;{{Coord|37|33|N|126|58|E|type:city}}
| largest_city           = kapitolio
| official_languages     = [[Pagsasao a Koreano|Koreaon]] ([[Pagalagadan a pagsasao ti Abagatan a Koreano|Pyojuneo]])&lt;br /&gt;[[Pagsasao a Senias ti Korea]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2016 |script-title=ko:[시행 2016.8.4.] [법률 제13978호, 2016.2.3., 제정] |trans-title=Enforcement 2016.8.4. Law No. 13978, enacted on February 3, 2016 |url=http://www.law.go.kr/%EB%B2%95%EB%A0%B9/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%88%98%ED%99%94%EC%96%B8%EC%96%B4%EB%B2%95/(13978,20160203) |access-date=26 Hulio 2017 |language=ko}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| languages_type         = [[Opisial a sinuratan]]
| languages              = [[Hangul|Koreano]]
| ethnic_groups          = {{plainlist|
* 95.1% Koreano
* 4.9% saan a Koreano
}}
| ethnic_groups_year     = 2019
| ethnic_groups_ref      = &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=24 Pebrero 2020 |title=Foreign Population in Korea Tops 2.5 Million / Gugnae geoju oegug-in ingu 250 manmyeong dolpahaessda |url=http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/nation/2020/07/742_283632.html |website=The Korea Times |language=en,ko}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| religion               = {{ublist |item_style=white-space;
  |56.1% Awan relihion
  |27.6% [[Kristianidad]]{{efn|name=Kristiano|19.7% ket [[Protestantismo|Protestante]], 7.9% ket [[Katoliko]]}}
  |15.5% [[Budismo]]
  |0.8% Dadduma
  }}
| religion_year          = 2015
| religion_ref           = &lt;ref name=&quot;Kim-Shon-Chosunilbo2016&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |last=Kim |first=Han-soo 김한수 |last2=Shon |first2=Jin-seok 손진석 |date=20 Disiembre 2016 |title=Sinja su, gaesingyo 1 wi… &quot;jong-gyo eobsda&quot; 56% |script-title=ko:신자 수, 개신교 1위… &quot;종교 없다&quot; 56% |language=ko |work=Chosun Ilbo |url=http://news.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2016/12/20/2016122000155.html |access-date=2 Hulio 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ABC-CLIO&quot; /&gt;
| demonym                = {{hlist|Abagatan a Koreano|Koreano}}
| government_type        = {{nowrap|[[Unitario nga estado|Unitario]] a [[Presidensial a sistema|presidensial]]&lt;br /&gt;a [[batay-linteg]] a [[republika]]}}
| leader_title1          = Presidente
| leader_name1           = [[Moon Jae-in]]
| leader_title2          = Kangrunaan a Ministro
| leader_name2           = [[Kim Boo-kyum]]
| leader_title3          = Tgabitla ti Nailian nga Asemblia
| leader_name3           = [[Park Byeong-seug]]
| leader_title4          = Mangipangulo ti Hustisia
| leader_name4           = [[Kim Myeong-soo]]
| leader_title5          = Presidente ti Korte ti Batay-linteg
| leader_name5           = [[Yoo Nam-seok]]
| legislature            = Nailian nga Asemblia
| sovereignty_type       = Pakasaritaan ti pannakapundar
| established_event1     = [[Gojoseon|Umuna a Pagarian]]
| established_date1      = c. maika-7 a siglo BCE
| established_event2     = {{nowrap|Deklarasion ti wayawaya}}
| established_date2      = 1 Marso 1919
| established_event3     = Probisional a Gobierno
| established_date3      = 11 Abril 1919
| established_event4     = Wayawaya manipud iti [[Imperio ti Hapon|Hapon]]
| established_date4      = 15 Agosto 1945
| established_event5     = Administrasion ti EU iti Korea iti abagatan ti [[maika-38 a paralelo amianan|maika-38 a paralelo]]
| established_date5      = 8 Septiembre 1945
| established_event6     = Nabangon ti Republika ti Korea
| established_date6      = 15 Agosto 1948
| established_event7     = Agdama a batay-linteg
| established_date7      = 25 Pebrero 1988
| established_event8     = Naawat iti [[Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian|UN]]
| established_date8      = {{nowrap|17 Septiembre 1991}}
| area_km2               = 100,363
| area_rank              = Maika-107 &lt;!-- Area rank should match [[List of countries and dependencies by area]] --&gt;
| area_sq_mi             = 38,750
| percent_water          = 0.3 (301&amp;nbsp;km{{smallsup|2}}{{\}}116&amp;nbsp;mi{{smallsup|2}})
| population_estimate    = {{increase neutral}} 51,709,098&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kosis 100 dae jipyo |script-title=ko:Kosis 100대 지표 |url=http://kosis.kr/nsportalStats/nsportalStats_0102Body.jsp?menuId=10 |language=ko}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_estimate_year = 2019
| population_estimate_rank = Maika-27
| population_density_km2   = 507
| population_density_rank  = Maika-13
| GDP_PPP                  = {{decrease}} $2.293 trilion&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEOKR&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Report for Selected Countries and Subjects: October 2020 |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2020/October/weo-report?c=542,&amp;s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&amp;sy=2019&amp;ey=2020&amp;ssm=0&amp;scsm=1&amp;scc=0&amp;ssd=1&amp;ssc=0&amp;sic=0&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1 |access-date=14 Oktubre 2020 |website=World Economic Outlook Database |publisher=International Monetary Fund |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| GDP_PPP_year            = 2020
| GDP_PPP_rank            = Maika-14
| GDP_PPP_per_capita      = {{decrease}} $44,292&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEOKR&quot; /&gt;
| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = Maika-24
| GDP_nominal             = {{decrease}} $1.586 trilion&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEOKR&quot; /&gt;
| GDP_nominal_year        = 2020
| GDP_nominal_rank        = Maika-10
| GDP_nominal_per_capita  = {{decrease}} $30,644&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEOKR&quot; /&gt;
| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = Maika-26
| Gini                    = 34.5
| Gini_year               = 2018
| Gini_change             = decrease
| Gini_ref                = &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Income Inequality |url=https://data.oecd.org/inequality/income-inequality.htm |access-date=17 Hulio 2021 |website=OECD Data |publisher=Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| Gini_rank               = 
| HDI                     = 0.916&lt;!-- Number only, between 0 and 1. --&gt;
| HDI_year                = 2019&lt;!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year. --&gt;
| HDI_change              = increase&lt;!-- Increase/decrease/steady. --&gt;
| HDI_ref                 = &lt;ref name=&quot;UNHDR&quot;&gt;{{Cite report |url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2020.pdf |title=Human Development Report 2020 |last=United Nations Development Programme |date=2020 |language=en |isbn=978-92-1-005516-1 |access-date=15 Disiembre 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| HDI_rank                = Maika-23
| currency                = [[Won ti Abagatan a Korea|Won ti Republika ti Korea]] (₩)
| currency_code           = KRW
| time_zone               = [[Pagalagadan nga Oras ti Korea]]
| utc_offset              = +9
| date_format             = {{unbulleted list|tttt년 m월 d일|tttt. m. d. ([[Kadawyan a panawen|CE]])}}
| electricity             = 220 V–60 Hz
| drives_on               = kanawan
| calling_code            = +82
| cctld                   = {{hlist|[[.kr]]|[[.한국]]}}
| p1                      = Mikalima a Republika ti Korea
| today                   = 
}}
Ti '''Abagatan a Korea''' ({{Audio|En-us-South Korea.ogg|denggen}}), opisial a ti '''Republika ti Korea''' ([[Pagsasao a Koreano|Koreano]]: ''Daehan Minguk'' {{Audio|Ko-Daehan Minguk.ogg|denggen|help=no}}), ket maysa a [[naturay nga estado]] idiay akin-abagatan a paset iti [[Koreano a Peninsula]].&lt;ref name=&quot;CIA&quot;&gt;CIA World Factbook&lt;/ref&gt; Naipalawag daytoy iti maysa a resolusion ti U.N. idi 1948 a kas daytoy laeng ti nalintegan a gobierno idiay Korea. Ti nagan a &quot;Korea&quot; is ket naala manipud iti [[Goryeo]], maysa a dinastia a nagturay kadagti Tengnga a Panawen.

Dagiti kaarrubana ket ti [[Tsina]] iti laud, ti [[Hapon]] iti daya, ti [[Amianan a Korea]] iti amianan, ken ti [[Baybay Daya a Tsina]] iti abagatan. Ti Abagatan a Korea ket naisadag iti [[Kalalainganna a klima|natemplado a sona ti amianan]] nga daytoy ket addan ti kaaduan kabanbantayan a dagdaga. Naksakup daytoy ti dagup a kalawa a 99,392 kuadrado kilometro&lt;ref name=&quot;kgeography&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=1 Pebrero 2010 |title=Korea's Geography |trans-title=Ti Heograpia ti Korea |url=http://www.asianinfo.org/asianinfo/korea/geography.htm#TERRITORY |access-date=13 Hulio 2010 |website=Asianinfo.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ken addaan iti populasion ti agarup a {{Nowrap|51 a riwriw}}. Ti kapitoliona ken kadakkelan a siudad ket ti siudad ti [[Seoul]], nga addaan iti populasion iti 10 a riwriw.

Ti arkeolohia ket mangipakpakita a ti Peninsula ti Korea ket sinakup idi babaen ti [[Akin-baba a Paleolitiko|Akin-baba a Paleolitiko a paset ti panawen]] (2.6 [[Megaannum|Ma]]–300 [[Kiloannum|Ka]]).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite press release |title=Gallery of Korea |date=12 Disiembre 2005 |publisher=Royal Ontario Museum |url=http://www.rom.on.ca/news/releases/public.php?mediakey=sg1yebpnv8 |language=en |access-date=Abril 25, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100108064155/http://www.rom.on.ca/news/releases/public.php?mediakey=sg1yebpnv8 |archive-date=2010-01-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Prehistoric Korea |trans-title=Prehistoriko a Korea |url=http://www.opm.go.kr/warp/webapp/content/view?meta_id=english&amp;id=35 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080302014245/http://www.opm.go.kr/warp/webapp/content/view?meta_id=english&amp;id=35 |archive-date=2008-03-02 |website=Office of the Prime Minister |language=en |trans-website=Opisina ti Primo Ministro}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ti [[pakasaritaan ti Korea]] ket mangrugi ti pannakapundar ti [[Gojoseon]] idi 2333 SK babaen ti naipakasaritaan a [[Dan-gun]]. Kalpasan ti panagkaykaysa ti [[Tallo a Pagpagarian ti Korea]] babaen ni [[Silla]] AD&amp;nbsp;668, ti Korea ket tinurayan idi babaen ti Dinastia a Goryeo (918–1392) ken [[Dinastia a Joseon]] (1392–1910). Daytoy ket insilpo babaen ti [[Imperio ti Hapon]] isi 1910. Idi patingga ti Maikadua a Gubat ti Sangalubongan, ti Korea ket [[Pannakabingbingay ti Korea|nabingbingay]] idi kadagiti sona a panagsakup ti Sobiet ken Estados Unidos. Ti maysa a panagbubutos ket natengngel idti sona ti Estados Unidos idi 1948 a nakaiturongan ti pannakapartuat ti Republika ti Korea. Uray no ti [[Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian]] ket nangipasa iti resolusion a nangirangang a ti Republika laeng ti nainkalintegan a gobierno idiay Korea,&lt;!--&lt;ref name=&quot;UN195&quot; /&gt;--&gt; dagiti Sobiet ket nangipatakderda iti kasuppiat a gobierno idiay Amianan.

Nangrugi ti [[Gubat ti Koreano]] idi 1950 idi rinaut ti Abagatan dagiti puersa manipud iti Amianan. Nagpaut ti gubat iti tallo a tawen ken nairaman ti Estados Unidos, Tsina, ti Kappon ti Sobiet, ken dagiti dadduma pay a pagpagilian. Ti pagbeddengan a nagbaetan kadagitoy dua  a pagilian ket agtultuloy a kas ti kakaruan a napasammakedan iti lubong.&lt;!--&lt;ref name=&quot;border&quot; /&gt;--&gt; Kadagiti dekada a simmaruno, ti [[ekonomia ti Abagatan a Korea]] ket dimmakkel unay ken ti pagilian ket nabaliwan iti maysa a [[Dagit kangrunaan nga ekonomia ti G-20|nangruna nga ekonomia]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=South Korea: Economic and Social Developments |trans-title=Abagatan a Korea: Ekonomiko ken dagiti Sosial a Panmagrang-ay |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/322280/South-Korea/34997/Economic-and-social-developments |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100812042820/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/322280/South-Korea/34997/Economic-and-social-developments |archive-date=2010-08-12 |access-date=Pebrero 18, 2010 |website=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |language=en |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ti sibilian a gobierno ket sinukatanna ti militar a turay idi 1987. Iti agdama, ti Abagatan a Korea ket addaan iti nainget a linteg ti [[panagtengngel ti paltog]] a mairanggo kadagiti pagilian nga addaan iti [[Bilang dagiti paltog tungngal maysa a tao babaen ti pagilian|kabassitan a bilang dagiti armas iti tungngal maysa a tao]].

Ti Abagatan a Korea ket maysa a [[presidensial a sistema|presidensial]] a [[republika]] a mangbukel kadagiti 17 nga [[Administratibo apannakabingbingay ti Abagatan a Korea|administratibo a pannakabingbingay]] ken maysa daytoy a [[narang-ay a pagilian]] nga addaan iti nangato unay nga [[Listaan dagiti pagilian babaen ti Pagsurotan ti Panagrang-ay ti Nagtagitaoan|alagaden ti panagbiag]]. Daytoy ti maikapat a kadakkelan nga ekonomia ti Asia ken ti [[Listaan dagiti pagilian babaen ti GDP (nominal)|maika-15]] ([[Dagup ti domestiko a produkto|nominal]]) wenno [[Listaan dagiti pagilian babaen ti GDP (PPP)|Maika-12]] ([[Pagpadaan ti kapigsa ti panag-gatang]]) a kadakkelan nga ekonomia iti lubong.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Report for Selected Countries and Subjects |trans-title=Reporta para kadagiti Napili a Pagilian ken Suheto |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2010/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2011&amp;ey=2011&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;pr1.x=70&amp;pr1.y=5&amp;c=512,941,914,446,612,666,614,668,311,672,213,946,911,137,193,962,122,674,912,676,313,548,419,556,513,678,316,181,913,682,124,684,339,273,638,921,514,948,218,943,963,686,616,688,223,518,516,728,918,558,748,138,618,196,522,278,622,692,156,694,624,142,626,449,628,564,228,283,924,853,233,288,632,293,636,566,634,964,238,182,662,453,960,968,423,922,935,714,128,862,611,716,321,456,243,722,248,942,469,718,253,724,642,576,643,936,939,961,644,813,819,199,172,184,132,524,646,361,648,362,915,364,134,732,652,366,174,734,328,144,258,146,656,463,654,528,336,923,263,738,268,578,532,537,944,742,176,866,534,369,536,744,429,186,433,925,178,746,436,926,136,466,343,112,158,111,439,298,916,927,664,846,826,299,542,582,967,474,443,754,917,698,544&amp;s=NGDPD&amp;grp=0&amp;a= |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110430000438/http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2010/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2011&amp;ey=2011&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;pr1.x=70&amp;pr1.y=5&amp;c=512,941,914,446,612,666,614,668,311,672,213,946,911,137,193,962,122,674,912,676,313,548,419,556,513,678,316,181,913,682,124,684,339,273,638,921,514,948,218,943,963,686,616,688,223,518,516,728,918,558,748,138,618,196,522,278,622,692,156,694,624,142,626,449,628,564,228,283,924,853,233,288,632,293,636,566,634,964,238,182,662,453,960,968,423,922,935,714,128,862,611,716,321,456,243,722,248,942,469,718,253,724,642,576,643,936,939,961,644,813,819,199,172,184,132,524,646,361,648,362,915,364,134,732,652,366,174,734,328,144,258,146,656,463,654,528,336,923,263,738,268,578,532,537,944,742,176,866,534,369,536,744,429,186,433,925,178,746,436,926,136,466,343,112,158,111,439,298,916,927,664,846,826,299,542,582,967,474,443,754,917,698,544&amp;s=NGDPD&amp;grp=0&amp;a= |archive-date=2011-04-30 |website=International Monetary Fund |language=en |trans-website=Internasional a Pundo ti Panguartaan}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ti ekonomia ket pinaadar kadagiti panagiluas, nga adda dagiti pannakaipatenga ti panagpataud kadagiti [[elektronika]], dagiti [[Industria tilugan|lugan]], dagiti panagaramid ti barko, [[makina (mekanikal)|makina]], dagiti [[petrokimiko]] ken [[robotika]]. Ti Abgatan a Korea ket kameng ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian, [[WTO]], ken [[OECD]], ken ti nangpundar a kameng ti  [[APEC]] ken ti [[Pantok ti Daya nga Asia]].

== Etimolohia ==
Ti nagan a ''Korea'' ket nagtaud manipud iti [[Goryeo]], a mangibagbaga ti taga-ugma a pagarian ti [[Goguryeo]], ti immuna a dinastia ti Korea a binisita babaen dagiti agtagtagilako a Persiano a nangibagbaga iti daytoy iti Koryŏ (Goryeo; 고려) a kas Korea.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Yunn |first=Seung-Yong |title=Religious Culture In Korea |date=1996 |publisher=Hollym International |page=99 |language=en |trans-title=Relihioso a Kultura ti Korea |chapter=Muslims Earlier Contact with Korea |trans-chapter=Dagiti Nasapa a Pannakaiyasideg dagiti Muslim iti Korea}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ti termino a ''Koryŏ'' ket kaaduan pay a nausar tapno mangibaga ti Goguryeo, a bukod a nanginagan kaniana iti ''Koryŏ'' idia maika-5 a siglo. Uray ti kaadda dagiti panangiletra iti ''Corea'' ken ''Korea'' kadagiti pablaak ti maika-19 a siglo, adda met dagiti Koreano a namatmati a ti [[Imperio ti Hapon]], iti dayta a panawen ti panagsakup ti Hapon, ket nangigagara ti naiyalagad a panangiletra iti ''Korea'', a mangaramid ti [[Hapon]] nga umuna nga alpabetiko nga agparang.&lt;ref name=&quot;Boston Globe&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |last=Demick |first=Barbara |date=18 Septiembre 2003 |title=Breaking the Occupation Spell: Some Koreans See Putdown in Letter Change in Name |language=en |work=Boston.com |url=http://www.boston.com/news/world/asia/articles/2003/09/18/breaking_the_occupation_spell |access-date=2 Septiembre 2013 |archive-date=2013-11-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131114105104/http://www.boston.com/news/world/asia/articles/2003/09/18/breaking_the_occupation_spell/ |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Babaen ti [[Korea babaen ti turay ti Hapon|turay ti Hapon]], ti &quot;Joseon&quot; ket nagbalin nga opisial a nagan para iti intero a teritorio, ngem saan daytoy a unibersal nga inaw-awat. Idi las-ud ti daytoy a panawen, adda met dagiti nadumaduma a grupo a nakilaban para iti pannakawayawaya, ti kadayegan ket ti  ''Daehan Minguk Imsi Jeongbu''.

Kalpasan ti [[panagsuko ti Hapon]], idi 1945, ti ''Republika ti Korea'' (''Daehan Minguk'') ket naampon idi a kas ti nalinteg a nagan para iti baro a pagilian. Gapu ta ti gobierno ket tinengngelna laeng ti akin-abagatan a paset ti pagilian ti [[Koreano a  Peninsula]], naaramid idi ti inpormal a termino ti ''Abagatan a Korea'' , ken nagbalbalin daytoy a kadawyan iti [[Akinlaud a lubong]]. Nupay kasta, dagiti [[Tattao a Koreano|Koreano]] ket agtultuloyda a a mangibagbaga ti masa ti daga wenno ti intero a peninsula a kas laeng ti ''Hanguk'' (''Korea'') wenno ''Namhan'' (''Abagatan a Korea'').

== Dagiti nota ==
{{notelist}}

== Dagiti nagibasaran ==
{{Reflist|refs=
&lt;ref name=&quot;ABC-CLIO&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Quinn |first=Joseph Peter |title=Religion and Contemporary Politics: A Global Encyclopedia |date=2019 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-4408-3933-7 |editor-last=Demy |editor-first=Timothy J. |page=365 |language=en |chapter=South Korea |editor-last2=Shaw |editor-first2=Jeffrey M. |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vt-vDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA365}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

== Adu pay a mabasbasa ==
{{Refbegin}}
* {{Cite book |last=Amsden |first=Alice H. |title=Asia's Next Giant: South Korea and Late Industrialization |url=https://archive.org/details/asiasnextgiantso0000amsd |date=1992 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=0-19-505852-6 |language=en |orig-date=&lt;!--First published 1989--&gt;}}
* {{Cite book |last=Breen |first=Michael |title=The Koreans: Who They Are, What They Want, Where Their Future Lies |url=https://archive.org/details/00book873865537 |date=2004 |publisher=St. Martin's Griffin |isbn=978-0-312-32609-8 |edition=Rev. and updated |language=en}}
* {{Cite book |last=Hart |first=Dennis |url=https://archive.org/details/fromtraditiontoc00hart |title=From Tradition to Consumption: Constructing a Capitalist Culture in South Korea |date=2001 |publisher=Jimoondang Publishing |isbn=89-88095-44-8 |language=en}}
* {{Cite book |last=Cumings |first=Bruce |url=https://archive.org/details/koreasplaceinsun00bruc |title=Korea's Place in the Sun |date=1997 |publisher=W. W. Norton |isbn=978-0-393-31681-0 |language=en |url-access=registration}}
* {{Cite book |last=Lew |first=Yong Ick |title=The Making of the First Korean President: Syngman Rhee's Quest for Independence |date=2013 |publisher=University of Hawai'i Press |language=en}}
* {{Cite book |last=Nahm |first=Andrew C. |title=Korea: A History of the Korean People |date=1996 |publisher=Hollym |isbn=978-1-56591-070-6 |edition=Maika-2 |language=en}}
* {{Cite book |last=Schneidewind |first=Dieter K. |title=Economic Miracle Market South Korea: A Blueprint for Economic Growth in Developing Nations |date=2016 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-981-10-0613-5 |language=en}}
* {{Cite book |last=Yang |first=Sung-chul |title=The North and South Korean Political Systems: A Comparative Analysis |url=https://archive.org/details/northsouthkorean0000yang |date=1999 |publisher=Hollym |isbn=978-1-56591-105-5 |edition=Rev. |location=Seoul |language=en}}
* {{Cite book |last=Yonhap News Agency |title=Korea Annual 2004 |date=2004 |isbn=978-89-7433-070-5 |language=en}}
* {{Cite book |last=Yuan |first=Robert T. |title=Biotechnology in Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan |date=1988 |publisher=Macmillan Publishers |isbn=978-1-349-10768-1 |language=en}}
{{Refend}}

== Dagiti akinruar a silpo ==
* {{commons-nailinia}}
* {{Wikivoyage-inline|South Korea}}
* [http://www.korea.net/ Ti opisial a website ti Republika ti Korea (Korea.net)]
* [http://english.visitkorea.or.kr/enu/index.kto Ti Opisial a Sitio ti Alagaden ti Turismo ti Korea] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170301031654/http://english.visitkorea.or.kr/enu/index.kto |date=2017-03-01 }}
*{{CIA World Factbook link|ks|Abagatan a Korea}}
*{{dmoz|Regional/Asia/South_Korea/}}
* {{curlie|Regional/Asia/South_Korea/}}

{{Dagiti pagilian ti Asia}}
{{Kontrol ti autoridad}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Korea, Abagatan}}
[[Kategoria:Abagatan a Korea| ]]
[[Kategoria:Dagiti nabingbingay a rehion]]
[[Kategoria:Dagiti pagilian ti Daya nga Asia]]
[[Kategoria:Pagpagilian ti G20]]
[[Kategoria:Dagiti republika]]
[[Kategoria:Dagiti estado ken teritorio a nabangon idi 1948]]
[[Kategoria:Dagiti estado a kameng ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian]]
[[Kategoria:Nangruna nga artikulo]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Las Vegas</title>
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      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6</comment>
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      <text bytes="8098" sha1="8bm5yh8mzhlohwe1dihkf22ijyzrb98" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
|name                     = Las Vegas
|official_name            = Siudad ti Las Vegas
|settlement_type          = [[Siudad]]
|nickname                 = Ti Pagsugalan a Kapitolio iti Lubong,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | url = http://www.voanews.com/learningenglish/home/Words-and-Their-Stories-Nicknames-or-New-Orleans-and-Las-Vegas.html | title = Dagiti Balikas ken ti Sarsartidas: Dagiti Parbo a nagan para iti New Orleans ken Las Vegas | work = VOA News | date = Marso 13, 2010 | accessdate = Enero 1, 2012 }} {{Natay a silpo|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Basol a Siuda, Ti Pagliwliwaan a Kapitolio iti Lubong, Kapitolio ti Maikadua a Gasat,&lt;ref name=&quot;Las_Vegas_nickname1&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/34418386/ns/travel-seasonal_travel | title = Agtakder kadi ti pudno a Las Vegas? | work = MSNBC | last = Lovitt | first = Rob | date = 2009-12-15 | accessdate = Abril 2, 2012 | archive-date = 2012-11-20 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121120034254/http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/34418386/ns/travel-seasonal_travel | url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ti Pagasawaan a Kapitolio iti Lubong
|image_skyline            =
|imagesize                = 300px
|image_caption            = Manipud ti ngato nga agpababa: [[Pusod ti ili a Las Vegas]] a horisonte, [[Vegas Vic]], [[Binion's Gambling Hall and Hotel|Sapatos ti kabalio ni Binion]], [[Plaza Hotel &amp; Casino|Plasa Otel ken Kasino]], [[Fremont Street Experience|Kalsada Freemont a Kapadasan]]
|image_flag               = Flag of Las Vegas, Nevada.svg
|image_seal               = 
|image_map                = Clark County Nevada Incorporated Areas Las Vegas highlighted.svg
|mapsize                  = 250px
|map_caption              = Lokasion ti siudad ti Las Vegas iti kaunegan ti [[Kondado ti Clark, Nevada]]
|image_map1               =
|mapsize1                 =
|map_caption1             =
|pushpin_map              = Estados Unidos
|pushpin_map_caption      = Lokasion iti kaunegan [[Kasigkay nga Estados Unidos]]
|subdivision_type         = [[Listaan dagiti pagilian|Pagilian]]
|subdivision_name         = [[Estados Unidos]]
|subdivision_type1        = [[Estado ti Estados Unidos|Estado]]
|subdivision_name1        = [[Nevada]]
|subdivision_type2        = [[Listaan dagiti kodado idiay Nevada|Kondado]]
|subdivision_name2        = [[Kondado ti Clark, Nevada|Clark]]
|government_type          = [[konsilo–mangimaton a gobierno|Konsilo–mangimaton]]
|leader_title             = Mayor
|leader_name              = [[Carolyn G. Goodman]] ([[Nawaya (politiko)|I]])
|leader_title1            = [[Mangimaton ti siudad]]
|leader_name1             = Betsy Fretwell
|established_title        = Nabangon
|established_date         = Mayo 15, 1905
|established_title1       = Nainkorporado
|established_date1        = Marso 16, 1911
|unit_pref                = Imperial
|area_total_km2           =
|area_total_sq_mi         = 135.8
|area_land_km2            =
|area_land_sq_mi          = 135.8
|area_water_km2           =
|area_water_sq_mi         = .05
|population_as_of         = 2010
|population_footnotes     =&lt;ref name=&quot;Census 2010&quot;/&gt;
|population_urban         = 1,314,356
|population_metro         = 1,951,269
|population_total         = 583,756
|population_note          = ([[Listaan dagiti siudad ti Estados Unidos babaen ti populasion|Maika-30]])
|population_density_km2   =
|population_density_sq_mi = 4298.1
|population_demonym       = Las Vegan
|timezone                 = [[Pacific Standard Time Zone|PST]]
|utc_offset               = −8
|timezone_DST             = [[Pacific Daylight Time|PDT]]
|utc_offset_DST           = −7
|postal_code_type         = [[ZIP code|Kodigo ti koreo]]
|postal_code              =
|area_code                = [[Kodigo ti lugar 702|702]]
|coordinates              = {{coord|36|10|30|N|115|08|11|W|display=inline,title}}
|elevation_m              = 610
|elevation_ft             = 2001
|website                  = [http://www.lasvegasnevada.gov/ www.lasvegasnevada.gov]
|blank_name               = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS a kodigo]]
|blank_info               = 32-40000
|blank1_name              = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] ID ti langa
|blank1_info              = 0847388
|footnotes                =
}}
Ti '''Las Vegas''' ({{IPAc-en|l|ɑː|s|_|ˈ|v|eɪ|ɡ|ə|s}}) ket isu ti kaaduan ti populasion a siudad idiay [[estado ti Estados Unidos|estado]] ti [[Nevada]] ken ti [[kondado tugaw]] ti [[Kondado ti Clark, Nevada|Kondado ti Clark]].{{GR|6}} Ti Las Vegas ket maysa a naamammoan ti sangalubongan a nagruna apagliwliwaan a siudad para iti panagsugalan, paggatangan, ken dagiti naimas a panganan. Ti siudad ket kinabukbukodanna nga inbagbaga nga isu  [[Ti Pagliwliwaan a Kapitolio iti Lubong]], ken daytoy ket nadayegan para kadagiti naipagtitipon a [[kasino]]–[[otel]] ken dagiti nairamraman a pagliwliwaan. Daytoy ket dumakdakkel a pagretiroan ken pamilia a siudad, ti Las Vegas ket isu ti [[Listaan dagiti siudad ti Estados Unidos babaen ti populasion|maika-31 a kaadaun ti populasion a siudad]] idiay Estados Unidos, nga adda ti populasion ti [[2010 a Senso ti Estados Unidos|2010 esnso]] iti 583,756. Ti 2010 a populasion ti [[metropolitano a lugar ti Las Vegas]] idi ket 1,951,269.&lt;ref name=&quot;Census 2010&quot;&gt;{{Cite web| url=http://factfinder2.census.gov| title=Bariweswes ti Sapasap a Populasion ken dagiti Panakailasin ti Balay: 2010 a Datos ti Demogrpiko a Bariweswes (DP-1): siudad ti Las Vegas, Nevada| publisher=U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder| accessdate=Marso 9, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Daytoy ket nabagon idi 1905, ti Las Vegas ket nainkorporado a kas maysa a siudad idi 1911. Idi patingga ti maika-20 a siglo, ti Las Vegas ket isu idi ti kaaduan ti populasion nga Amerikano a siudad a nabangon iti dayta siglo (ti panakaisalsalumina a tinengtengel babaen ti Chicago idi maika-19 a siglo). Ti panagipatuloy para kadagiti nadumaduma a kita ti pagliwliwaan dagiti manakman ket nakagun-od daytoy ti titulo a [[Basol a Siudad (panagipalawag)|Basol a Siudad]], ken daytoy a panakaimatangan ket nakaaramid ti Las Vegas a nadayeg a lugar para kadagiti pelikula ken programa ti telebision . Adda dagiti nadumaduma a makitkita ti ruar a pabuya ti silaw idiay [[Kalsada ti Fremont]], ken dagiti pay dadduma a lugar iti siudad.

Ti ''Las Vegas'' ket kadawyan a mangitudo iti siudad ket mainayon pay dagiti dadduma a lugar ti labes a patingga ti siudad, a naipangpangruna dagiti pagliwliwaan a luglugar ket ti a sideg ti [[Las Vegas Strip|Banda ti Las Vegas]], ken sagpaminsan pa ti intero a [[Tanap ti Las Vegas]]. Ti {{convert|4.2|mi|abbr=on}} a bistrad ti Abagatan a [[Akaba adalan ti Las Vegas]] a naamaamoan a kas ti''Strip'' ket kaaduan kadagitoy kadagiti saan a nainkorporado a komunidad ti [[Paradise, Nevada|Paradise]], [[Winchester, Nevada|Winchester]], ken [[Enterprise, Nevada|Enterprise]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Ti Vegas ket saan nga agmaymaysa ti panagkayatna iti .vegas  |author=Joe Schoenmann |authorlink=Joe Schoenmann |newspaper=[[Las Vegas Sun]] |date=Pebrero 3, 2010 |url=http://www.lasvegassun.com/news/2010/feb/03/vegas-not-alone-wanting-vegas/ }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite press release |title=Ti Kondado ket Nagtawen ti 100 Hulio 1, a Nanaganan ti ‘Sentenerio nga Aldaw Day’ |url=http://www.accessclarkcounty.com/depts/public_communications/news_releases/pages/countyturns100july1.aspx |publisher=[[Kondado ti Clark, Nevada]] |date=Hunio 23, 2009 |accessdate=Enero 5, 2010 |archive-date=2020-04-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200407132136/https://www.clarkcountynv.gov/Pages/default.aspx |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dagiti nagibasaran ==
{{Reflist}}

== Dagiti akinruar a silpo ==
{{Commons-nailinia}}

[[Kategoria:Las Vegas, Nevada| ]]
[[Kategoria:Dagiti nataengan a lugar a nabangon idi 1905]]
[[Kategoria:Dagiti siudad idiay Desierto Mojave]]
[[Kategoria:Dagiti siudad idiay Nevada]]
[[Kategoria:Dagiti nataengan a lugar idiay Kondado ti Clark, Nevada]]
[[Kategoria:Panagsugal idiay Estados Unidos]]
[[Kategoria:Dagiti Kondado a tugaw idiay Nevada]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Christian Wulff</title>
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      <text bytes="3653" sha1="is3xt91y9c5ehxxftkdbn3o9aqkntlm" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox nagtakem
|name         = Christian Wulff
|image        = Landtag Niedersachsen DSCF7770.JPG
|order        =
|office       = [[Presidente ti Alemania]]
|chancellor   = [[Angela Merkel]]
|term_start   = 30 Hunio 2010
|term_end     = 17 Pebrero 2012
|predecessor  = [[Horst Köhler]]
|successor    = [[Joachim Gauck]]
|office2      = [[Kangrunaan a Ministro ti Ababa a Sahonia]]
|term_start2  = 4 Marso 2003
|term_end2    = 30 Hunio 2010
|predecessor2 = [[Sigmar Gabriel]]
|successor2   = [[David McAllister]]
|birth_date   = {{birth date and age|1959|6|19|df=y}}
|birth_place  = [[Osnabrück]], [[Laud nga Alemania]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;(tattan ket Alemania)&lt;/small&gt;
|party        = [[Kappon ti Demokrata a Kristiano (Alemania)|Kappon ti Demokrata a Kristiano]]
|spouse       = Christiane Wulff&lt;br /&gt;(m. 1988–2006, naidiborsio)&lt;br /&gt;[[Bettina Wulff|Bettina Körner]]&lt;br /&gt;(m. 2008–agdama)
|children     = Annalena&lt;br /&gt;Linus
|alma_mater   = [[Unibersidad ti Osnabrück]]
|signature    = Christian Wulff Signature.svg
|website      = [http://www.christianwulff.de/ Opisial a website]
}}

Ni '''Christian Wilhelm Walter Wulff''' ({{IPA-de|ˈkʁɪstjan ˈvɪlhɛlm ˈvaltɐ vʊlf}}; {{Kabibiag|NAILINIA2|dmy}}) ket maysa nga Aleman a politiko ken abogado. Nagserbi a kas ti [[Presidente iti Alemania|Presidente]] iti [[Alemania]] manipud idi 2010 aginggana ti 2012. Maysa a kameng iti [[Kappon ti Demokrata a Kristiano (Alemania)|Kappon ti Demokrata a Kristiano]], nagserbi a kas ti [[Kangrunaan a Ministro iti Ababa a Sahonia|Kangrunaan a Ministro]] iti [[Dagiti estado iti Alemania|estado]] iti [[Ababa a Sahonia]] manipud idi 2003 aginggana idi 2010.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.webcitation.org/5qtE0i9xO Curriculum vitae ti Kangrunaan a Ministro a ni Christian Wulff – Opisina iti Kangrunaan a Ministro]&lt;/ref&gt; Nabutusan isuna a kas Presidente iti 30 Hunio 2010 a [[Aleman a panagbutos ti presidente, 2010|panagbutos ti presidente]], nga inabakna ti kasupiatna a kandidato a ni [[Joachim Gauck]] ken nadagdagus a nagtakem iti opisina,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Christian Wulff zum Bundespräsidenten gewählt|publisher=Opisial a Sapot ti Pagsaadan iti Aleman a Bundestag|date=30 Hunio 2010|url=http://www.bundestag.de/dokumente/textarchiv/2010/30377887_kw25_bundesversammlung_nachher/index.jsp|accessdate=30 Hunio 2010|quote=Mit der Annahme der Wahl hat Wulff zugleich sein neues Amt angetreten.|archive-date=2019-01-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107022214/https://www.bundestag.de/dokumente/textarchiv/2010/30377887_kw25_bundesversammlung_nachher/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; uray no saan pay a nagsapata aginggana idi {{Nowrap|2 Hulio.}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Bloomberg&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last1=Buergin|first1=Rainer|last2=Parkin|first2=Brian|title=Ti Presidente a Kandidato ni Merkel a ni Wulff ket Nangabak iti Maikatlo a Paset ti Panagbutos|work=Bloomberg Businessweek|date=30 Hunio 2010|url=http://www.businessweek.com/news/2010-06-30/merkel-s-presidential-candidate-wulff-wins-in-third-round-vote.html|accessdate=30 Hunio 2010|quote=Ni Wulff, nga isu ket addan ti asawa ken maysa nga anak a babai ken maysa nga anak a lalaki, ket maisapatan intono 2 Hulio.|archive-date=2019-01-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107022224/https://www.bloomberg.com/tosv2.html?vid=&amp;uuid=11b87f50-1223-11e9-8b84-e73e0a8e996d&amp;url=L2J1c2luZXNzd2Vlay9uZXdzLzIwMTAtMDYtMzAvbWVya2VsLXMtcHJlc2lkZW50aWFsLWNhbmRpZGF0ZS13dWxmZi13aW5zLWluLXRoaXJkLXJvdW5kLXZvdGUuaHRtbA==|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dagiti nagibasaran ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Kontrol ti autoridad}}
{{bio-pungol}}

{{Kabibiag|KATEGORIA|Wulf, Christian}}
[[Kategoria:Dagiti presidente ti Alemania|Wulff, Christian]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Siudad ti New York</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="37066" sha1="nbxi3llo9f3e4hl36muhly83vsn7xwx" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox pagtaengan
| name                    = New York
| official_name           = Ti Siudad iti New York
| settlement_type         = [[Dagiti administratibo a pannakabingbingay ti New York#Siudad|Siudad]]
| image_skyline           = NYC Montage 2011.jpg
| imagesize               = 275px
| image_caption           = Agpakanawan manipud iti ngato: [[Midtown Manhattan|Tengnga ti Ili ti Manhattan]], ti [[Kuartel ti Nagnaykaysa a Pagpagilian]], ti [[Statue of Liberty|Estatua ti Libertad]], ti [[Brooklyn Bridge|Rangtay Brooklyn]], [[Central Park|Tengnga a Parke]], [[Times Square]], ken ti [[Unisphere]] idiay [[Queens]]
| image_flag              = Flag of New York City.svg
| image_seal              = &lt;!--Seal of the City of New York.svg--&gt;
| nickname                = [[Dakkel a Mansanas|Ti Dakkel a Mansanas]], Gotham, Sentro ti Law-ang, Ti Siudad a Saan a Matmaturog,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://hotword.dictionary.com/big-apple-gotham/|title=Apay a ti Siudad ti  New York ket ammo a &quot;ti Dakkel a Mansanas&quot; ken &quot;Gotham?&quot;|publisher=Dictionary.com, LLC|accessdate=2011-06-16|archive-date=2012-02-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120215214452/http://hotword.dictionary.com/big-apple-gotham/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ti Kapitolio iti Lubong&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.mpiweb.org/Archive?id=2972 |title=Dagiti Pakaipakitaan a Pappanan Siudad ti New York: Kapitolio iti Lubong |publisher=Mpiweb.org |date=Septiembre 22, 1924 |accessdate=2011-06-16 |archive-date=2011-09-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110930082527/http://www.mpiweb.org/Archive?id=2972 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.nyc.gov/html/lmec/html/about/nycapital.shtml|title=Maipanggep ti Siudad ti New Yok|publisher=Ti Siudad iti New York|accessdate=2011-06-16|archive-date=2014-04-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407134046/http://www.nyc.gov/html/lmec/html/about/nycapital.shtml|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.baruch.cuny.edu/nycdata/forward.htm|title=FORWARD New York – Capital of the Modern World|author=Eugene J. Sherman|publisher=The Weissman Center for International Business Baruch College/CUNY 2011|accessdate=2011-06-16|archive-date=2008-10-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081002112343/http://www.baruch.cuny.edu/nycdata/forward.htm|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.tripouttravel.com/new-york-city-the-capital-of-the-world/|title=Siudad ti New York: Ti Kapitolio iti Lubong|publisher=2011 Viacom International Inc|accessdate=2011-06-16|archive-date=2012-01-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119001101/http://www.tripouttravel.com/new-york-city-the-capital-of-the-world/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| image_map               = Map of New York Highlighting New York City.svg
| map_caption             = Lokasion idiay estado iti [[New York]]
| pushpin_map             = Estados Unidos
| pushpin_label_position  = left
| pushpin_map_caption     = Lokasion idiay [[Estados Unidos]]
| coordinates             = {{coord|40.7127|N|74.0059|W|region:US-NY|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes   = {{GR|1|dateform=mdy}}
| subdivision_type        = [[Listaan dagiti naturay nga estado|Pagilian]]
| subdivision_name        = [[Estados Unidos]]
| subdivision_type1       = [[Listaan dagiti naturay nga estado|Naipakasaritaan a Pagpagilian]]
| subdivision_name1       = [[Inglatera]], [[Olandes a Republika]]
| subdivision_type2       = [[Politikal a pannakabingbingay iti Estados Unidos|EStado]]
| subdivision_name2       = [[New York]]
| subdivision_type3       = [[Kolonia|Naipakasaritaan a kolonia]]
| subdivision_name3       = [[Kolonia iti New York]]
| subdivision_type4       = [[Kondado (Estados Unidos)|Dagiti kondado]]
| subdivision_name4       = [[Ti Bronx|Bronx]], [[Brooklyn|Kings]], [[Manhattan|New York]], [[Queens]], [[Isla ti Staten|Richmond]]
| established_title       = Nataengan
| established_date        = 1624
| established_title1      = [[Munisipal a korporasion|Nainkorporado]]
| established_date1       = 1898
| government_footnotes    = &lt;ref name=&quot;MayorsOffice&quot;&gt;{{cite web
  |url=http://www.nyc.gov/portal/site/nycgov/menuitem.e985cf5219821bc3f7393cd401c789a0/
  |title=Biograpia
  |accessdate=2010-01-08
  |publisher=New York, Siudad iti
  |author=ti Mayor, Siudad ti New York City Opisina iti
  |date=Enero 8, 2010
  |archive-date=2010-03-17
  |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100317115700/http://www.nyc.gov/portal/site/nycgov/menuitem.e985cf5219821bc3f7393cd401c789a0
  |url-status=dead
  }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| government_type         = [[Mayor–konsilo a gobierno|Mayor–Konseho]]
| leader_party            = [[Nawaya (politiko)|I]]
| governing_body          = [[Konsilo ti Siudad ti New York]]
| leader_title            = [[Dagiti Mayor iti Siudad ti New York|Mayor]]
| leader_name             = [[Bill de Blasio]]]
| unit_pref               = US
| area_footnotes          = {{GR|1|dateform=mdy}}
| area_total_sq_mi        = 468.48
| area_land_sq_mi         = 302.64
| area_water_sq_mi        = 165.84
| elevation_footnotes     = {{GR|3|dateform=mdy}}
| elevation_ft            = 33
| elevation_m             = 10
| population_footnotes    = &lt;ref name=&quot;GR2&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://factfinder2.census.gov|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=Enero 31, 2008|title=American FactFinder}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_rank         = [[Listaan dagiti siudad ti Estados UNidos babaen ti populasion|Umuna, Estados Unidos]]
| population_density_sq_mi = 27778.7
| population_total        = 8,405,837&lt;ref name=census-est-nyc-ny&gt;{{cite news | url=http://blogs.wsj.com/metropolis/2014/03/27/new-york-city-population-hits-record-high/ | title=New York City Population Hits Record High  | author=
 Michael Howard Saul | newspaper=The Wall Street Journal| date=Marso 27, 2014 | accessdate=Marso 27, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_as_of        = 2013
| population_blank1_title = [[Listaan dagiti metropolitano a lugara idiay Estados Unidos|MSA]]
| population_blank1       = 19,949,502 ([[Listaan dagiti Estadistika ti Metropolitano a Lugar|Umuna]])
| population_blank2_title = [[Naitiptipon nga estadistika a lugar ti Estados Unidos=|CSA]]
| population_blank2       = 23,484,225 ([[Listaan dagiti Naitiptipon nga Estadistika a Lugar|Umuna]])
| population_demonym      = New Yorker, Taga-New York
| timezone1               = [[Akindaya a Sona ti Oras|EST]]
| utc_offset1             = -5
| timezone1_DST           = [[Dumaya a Sona ti Oras|EDT]]
| utc_offset1_DST         = -4
| postal_code_type        = [[Kodigo ti koreo]]
| postal_code             = 100xx–104xx, 11004–05, 111xx–114xx, 116xx
| area_code               = [[Kodigo ti lugar a 212|212]], [[Kodigo ti lugar a 718|718]], [[Kodigo ti lugar a 917|917]], [[Kodigo ti lugar a 646|646]], [[Kodigo ti lugar a 347|347]], [[Kodigo ti lugar a 929|929]]
| blank_name              = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS a kodigo]]
| blank_info              = 36-51000
| blank1_name             = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] nga ID ti langa
| blank1_info             = 975772
| website                 = {{URL|www.nyc.gov}}
| footnotes               =
}}
Ti '''New York''' ket isu ti [[Listaan dagiti siudad ti Estados Unidos babaen ti populasion|kaaduan ti populasion a siudad]] idiay [[Estados Unidos]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/popest/cities/SUB-EST2009.html|title=Dagiti Tinawen a Karkulo dagiti Nagtaeng kadagiti Nainkorporado a Luglugar iti nasurok a  100,000, Nairanggo idi Hulio 1, 2009 Populsion: Abril 1, 2000 aginggana idi Hulio 1, 2009 (SUB-EST2009-01)|publisher=Opisina ti Senso ti Estados Unidos|accessdate=2011-04-26}}&lt;/ref&gt; ken ti sentro ti [[New York a Metropolitano a Lugar]], ken maysa kadagiti [[Listaan dagiti metropolitano a lugar babaen ti ppulasion|kaaduan ti populasion a metropolitano a lugar]] iti lubong.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.mongabay.com/cities_urban_01.htm|title=Dagiti Kadakkelan nga Urbano a Lugar ti Lubong [Nairanggo babaen ti Populasion ti Urbano a Lugar]|publisher=Rhett Butler |year=2003–2006|accessdate=2011-04-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.worldatlas.com/citypops.htm|title=Dagiti kadakkelan a siudad iti lubong – (babaen ti metro a populasion)|publisher=Woolwine-Moen Group d/b/a Graphic Maps|accessdate=2011-04-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.demographia.com/db-wlargestua.pdf|title=Dagiti Kadakkelan nga Urbano a Lugar iti Lubong: 2008 Amin nga Urbano a Lugar 2,000,000 ken Sumurok|publisher=Wendell Cox Consultancy|accessdate=2011-04-26}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ti siudad ket naipakpakuna a kas ti '''Siudad ti New York ''' wenno '''Ti Siudad iti New York'''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.nyc.gov/portal/site/nycgov/?front_door=true|title=Welcome to the official New York City Web Site|publisher=Ti Siudad iti New York|year=2011|accessdate=2011-09-18|archive-date=2012-03-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120309151647/http://www.nyc.gov/portal/site/nycgov/?front_door=true|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; tapno mailasin daytoy manipud iti '''[[New York|Estado iti New York]]''', a daytoy ket maysa a partena.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.nysegov.com/citguide.cfm?context=citguide&amp;content=munibyalpha&amp;alpha=N|title=Amina a Websites ti Munisipalida ket Nailista nga Alpabetiko|publisher=Estado ti New York|accessdate=2011-09-18}}&lt;/ref&gt; Maysa a [[Sangalubongan a siudad|sangalubongan nabilegan a siudad]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.mori-m-foundation.or.jp/english/research/project/6/pdf/GPCI2009_English.pdf|title=GLOBAL POWER CITY INDEX 2009|publisher=© 2009 The Mori Memorial Foundation. All rights reserved|accessdate=2012-06-01|archive-date=2014-06-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140629143736/http://www.mori-m-foundation.or.jp/english/research/project/6/pdf/GPCI2009_English.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ti mangipekpeksa ti naisangsangayan a pagbanagan iti komersio, pinansia, midia, arte, modelo, panagsukisok, teknolohia, edukasion, ken liwliwa. Ti pangibalayan ti [[Kuartel ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://visit.un.org/wcm/content/|title=Sentro Dagiti Bisita ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagppagilian|publisher=Nagkaykaysa aPagpagilian |year= 2011|accessdate=2011-04-26}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ti New York ket maysa a nangruna asentro para iti [[diplomasia|sangalubongan a diplomasia]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.nyc.gov/html/unccp/html/home/home.shtml|title=Opisina ti Komision ti Mayor para iti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian, Kosolar a Kuerpo ken Protokol|publisher=Ti Siudad iti New York |year=2012|accessdate=2012-02-05}}&lt;/ref&gt; ken nailanad a kas ti kultual a kapitolio iti lubong.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.iceland.is/iceland-abroad/us/nyc/cultural-affairs/|title=Konsulado Heneral iti Isladia a Kultura ti New York|publisher=Konsulado a Heneral iti New York|accessdate=2012-02-13|archive-date=2013-02-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130205061848/http://www.iceland.is/iceland-abroad/us/nyc/cultural-affairs/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mabirukan daytoy idiay [[Pagsangladan ti New York|maysa kadagiti kadakkelan a masna apagsangladan iti lubong]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.history.com/shows/how-the-earth-was-made/videos/new-york-harbor#new-york-harbor|title=Kasano a Naaramid ti Daga|publisher=© 1996–2011, A&amp;E Television Networks, LLC. All Rights Reserved|accessdate=2011-09-19}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ti Siudad ti New York City ket buklen dagiti lima a [[Borough (Siudad ti New York)|borough]], a ti tungngal maysa ket mangbukel ti maysa nga [[Listaan dagiti kondado idiay New York|estado a kondado]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.worldstatesmen.org/US_NYBOROUGHS.html|title=Dagiti Borough ti Siudad ti New York|publisher= Ben Cahoon |year=2002 |accessdate=2012-02-03}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dagiti lima a borough—[[Ti Bronx]], [[Brooklyn]], [[Manhattan]], [[Queens]], ken [[Isla ti Staten]]—ket naipagkaykaysa iti maysa a siudad idi 1898.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.correctionhistory.org/html/chronicl/nycdoc/html/kbd_brnx.html|title=A 5-Borough Centennial Preface for Katharine Bement Davis Mini-History|publisher=Departamento ti Pagbaludan ti Siudad ti New Yorkyear=1997|accessdate=2011-10-26|archive-date=2011-10-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111023193440/http://www.correctionhistory.org/html/chronicl/nycdoc/html/kbd_brnx.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.nyc.gov/html/dcp/html/neighbor/neigh.shtml|title=New York: Ti Siudad ti Kaarrubaan|publisher=Departamento ti Panagplano ti Siudad ti Siudad ti New York|accessdate=2011-04-30|archive-date=2012-09-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120915134408/http://www.nyc.gov/html/dcp/html/neighbor/neigh.shtml|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nga adda nakarkulo ti [[Opisina ti Senso ti Estados Unidos|Senso]] a populasion ti 2011 iti 8,244,910&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/05/nyregion/census-estimates-for-2011-show-population-growth-in-new-york.html |title=Ti Panagdakkel ti Populasion ti Siudad ti New York ket Ladsenna ti 2010 a Senso, nga Iparparang ti 2011 a Karkulo |author=Sam Roberts|work=[[The New York Times]] |date=Abril 5, 2012|accessdate=2012-04-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; a naiwarwaras ti kalawa ti daga iti agarup laeng a {{pagbaliwen|305|sqmi|km2}},&lt;ref name=&quot;area;&quot;&gt;[http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/GCTTable?_bm=y&amp;-context=gct&amp;-ds_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U&amp;-CONTEXT=gct&amp;-mt_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U_GCTPH1_US9&amp;-tree_id=4001&amp;-redoLog=true&amp;-_caller=geoselect&amp;-geo_id=04000US36&amp;-format=ST-2|ST-2S&amp;-_lang=en American Fact Finder (U.S. Census Bureau): New York babaen ti Kondado – Tabla GCT-PH1. Populasion, Bilang dagiti Balay, Kalawa, ken Densidad:  2000 nga agpang ti datos: SEnso ti 2000 a Pakabuklan a Papeles 1 (SF 1) 100-Porsiento ti Daos] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120106193211/http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/GCTTable?_bm=y&amp;-context=gct&amp;-ds_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U&amp;-CONTEXT=gct&amp;-mt_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U_GCTPH1_US9&amp;-tree_id=4001&amp;-redoLog=true&amp;-_caller=geoselect&amp;-geo_id=04000US36&amp;-format=ST-2%7CST-2S&amp;-_lang=en |date=2012-01-06 }}, Naala idi 2009-02-06&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NYC Land Estimate&quot;&gt;{{cite web
 |publisher=Departamento ti Panagplano ti Siudad ti Siudad ti New York
 |title=Bariweswes ti NYC
 |url=http://home2.nyc.gov/html/dcp/pdf/lucds/nycprofile.pdf
 |accessdate=2008-05-22
 |format=PDF
 |archive-date=2008-08-24
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080824013625/http://home2.nyc.gov/html/dcp/pdf/lucds/nycprofile.pdf
 |url-status=dead
 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NYT Land Estimate&quot;&gt;{{Cite news
 |work=The New York Times
 |title=Dakkel pay laenga Siudad, Ngem Saanen Unay a Dakkel
 |first=Sam |last=Roberts
 |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/22/nyregion/22shrink.html
 |accessdate=2008-05-22
 |date=Mayo 22, 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ti New York ket isu ti [[Listaan dagiti siudad ti Estados Unidos babaen ti densidad ti populasion|kapusekan ti populasion]] a kangrunaan a siudad idiay Estados Unidos.&lt;ref name=&quot;density&quot;&gt;[http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/GCTTable?_bm=y&amp;-ds_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U&amp;-CONTEXT=gct&amp;-mt_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U_GCTPH1_US9&amp;-redoLog=false&amp;-_caller=geoselect&amp;-geo_id=&amp;-format=US-25|US-25S&amp;-_lang=en ''Kondado ken Siudad a Libro ti Datos:2007'' (Opisina ti Senso ti Estados Unidos), Tabla B-1, Kalawa ken Polasion] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110805225222/http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/GCTTable?_bm=y&amp;-ds_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U&amp;-CONTEXT=gct&amp;-mt_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U_GCTPH1_US9&amp;-redoLog=false&amp;-_caller=geoselect&amp;-geo_id=&amp;-format=US-25%7CUS-25S&amp;-_lang=en |date=2011-08-05 }}, Naala idi 2008-07-12.&lt;/ref&gt;
Adda dagiti 800 a kaadu dagiti pagsasao a naisasao idiay New York, a mangaramid daytoy ti naipakadumadumaan ti lingguistika a siudad iti lubong.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news
 |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/29/nyregion/29lost.html?hpw
 |title=Agdengdengngeg (ken Agiduldulin) kadagti Pagsasao iti Lubong
 |accessdate=2010-04-29
 |work=The New York Times
 |first=Sam|last=Roberts
 |date=Abril 28, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Ti populasion ti Siudad ti New York a Metropolitano a lugar ket isu ti kadakkel idiay Estados Unidos, nga adda dagiti 18.9&amp;nbsp;a riwriw ti tattao a naiwarwaras iti {{convert|6720|sqmi|km2}},&lt;ref name=metro&gt;{{cite web|url=http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_NSRD_GCTPL2.US24PR&amp;prodType=table|title=Tabla GCT-PL2 – Kasasaad ti Populasion ken Panagibalayan ti Balay: 2010 – Estados Unidos -- Estadistiko a Lugar ti Metropolitano; ket para iti Puerto Rico|publisher=Opisina ti SEnso ti Estados Unidos|accessdate=2012-03-28}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.nycgo.com/articles/nyc-statistics-page|title=NYC Ti Opisial a Pagsurotan nycgo.com – nyc statistics|publisher=NYC &amp; Company|accessdate=2011-09-17|archive-date=2011-05-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110505004453/http://www.nycgo.com/articles/nyc-statistics-page|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; ken daytoy ket paset pay ti kaaduan ti populasion a [[naitiptipon nga estadistiko a lugar]] idiay Estados Unidos nga aglaon ti 22.1&amp;nbsp;a riwriw a tattao manipud iti 2010 a Senso.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_NSRD_GCTPL2.US41PR&amp;prodType=table|title=Tabla GCT-PL2 – Kasaad ti Populasion ken Panagibalayan ti Balay: 2010 – Estados Unidos -- Naitiptipon nga Estadistiko a Lugar; aken para itir Puerto Rico|publisher=Opisina ti Senso ti Estados Unidos|accessdate=2012-03-28}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ti New York ket makasurot ti nagramutanna manipud iti 1624 a pannakabangonna a kas maysa a komersio a lugar babaen dagiti kolonista iti [[Olandes a Republika]], ken nanaganan ti [[Baro nga Amsterdam]] idi 1626.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h2122.html|title=Paksaritaan ti Estados Unidos – Siudad ti New York, New York|accessdate=2011-05-08}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ti siudad ken dagiti naipalawlaw ket timengtengngel babaen dagiti [[Pagarian iti Inglatera|Ingles]] idi 1664&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book
 |last= Shorto|first= Russell
 |title= Ti Isla iti Tengnga iti Lubong, Umuna nga Edision
 |year= 2005
 |publisher=Vintage Books
 |location=New York
 |isbn= 1-4000-7867-9
 |page=30}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h2122.html|title=Pakasaritaan ti Estados Unidos Siudad ti New York, New York|accessdate=2011-05-10}}&lt;/ref&gt; ket nanaganan manen dagitoy ti ''New York'' kalpasan ti panangited ni Ari [[Carlos II iti Inglatera]] kadagiti kabsatna, ti [[Jaime II iti Inglatera|Duke iti York]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.mrnussbaum.com/13colonies/printables/njcolony.pdf|title=Ti New Jersey a Kolonia|publisher=MrNussbaum.com|accessdate=2011-05-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/kingston/colonization.htm|title=Ni KINGSTON ket Nakaduktal kadagiti 300 a Tawtawen a Pakasaritaan ti New York kadagiti Olandes a Kolonia|publisher=Nailian a Serbisio ti Parke, Departamento ti kaunegan ti Estados Unidos|accessdate=2011-05-10|archive-date=2008-11-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081123001850/http://www.nps.gov/nr//travel/kingston/colonization.htm|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ti New York ket nagserbi a kas ti [[Listaan dagiti kapitolio ti Estados Unidos#Dagiti dati a nailian a Kapitolio|kapitolio iti Estados Unidos]] manipud idi 1785 aginggana idi 1790.&lt;ref name=senate&gt;{{cite web
 |url=http://www.senate.gov/reference/reference_item/Nine_Capitals_of_the_United_States.htm
 |title=Dagiti Siam a Kapitolio iti Estados Unidos
 |publisher=[[Senado ti Estados Unidos]]
 |accessdate=2008-09-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Isu daytoyen ti kadakkelan a siudad ti pagilian manipud idi 1790.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 |url=http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0027/tab01.txt
 |title=Ranggo babaen ti Populasion dagiti 100 a Kadakkelan nga Urbao a Luglugar, Alpabetiko a Nailista baben ti Estado:  1790–1990
 |date=Hunio 15, 1998
 |publisher=Opisina ti Senso ti Estados Unidos
 |accessdate=2009-02-08}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ti [[Statue of Liberty|Estatua ti Libertad]] ket kumabkablaaw kaditi riniwriw nga imigrante idi napanda idiay Amerika babaen dagiti bapor idi naladaw a maika-19 ken maika-20 a sigsiglo&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.history.com/topics/statue-of-liberty|title=Estatua ti Libertad|publisher=1996–2011, A&amp;E Television Networks, LLC. All Rights Reserved|accessdate=2011-05-21}}&lt;/ref&gt; ken maysa a simbolo ti sangalubongan iti Estados Unidos ken ti [[demokrasia]]na.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| title = Estatua ti Libertad| work=Tawid ti Lubong| publisher=© UNESCO a Sentro ti Tawid ti Lubong 1992–2011| url = http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/307| accessdate =2011-10-23}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Adu kadagiti distrito ken dulon idiay Siudad ti New York ket nagbalinda a nalatak nga ammo kadagiti agarup 50 riwriw a tinawen nga agbisbisita.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/12/20/as-city-closes-in-on-50-millionth-visitor-british-couple-to-be-feted/?scp=1&amp;sq=tourists&amp;st=Search|title=Gapu ti panakaiyasasiden ti Siudad Iti Maikasingkuenta a Riwriw a Bisita, Marambakanto dagiti dua a Britaniko a preha|author=Patrick McGeehan|publisher=© 2011 The New York Times Company|date=Disiembre 20, 2011|accessdate=2011-12-21}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.northjersey.com/news/135934558_NYC_reaches_goal_of_50_million_tourists.html|title=Ti NYC ket naabutaanan ti gandat a 50 riwriw a bisbisita|publisher=© 2011 North Jersey Media Group|date=Disiembre 20, 2011|accessdate=2011-12-21}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.nycgo.com/articles/nyc-statistics-page|title=NYC The Official Guide nycgo.com – nyc statistics|publisher=NYC &amp; Company|accessdate=2011-09-16|archive-date=2011-05-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110505004453/http://www.nycgo.com/articles/nyc-statistics-page|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ti [[Times Square]], nadayegan a kas ti &quot;Ti Pagtutumpongan iti Lubong&quot;,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://pbskids.org/bigapplehistory/arts/topic15.html|title=Dagiti Pakasaritaan dagiti Arte ken Panagliwliwa ti Dakkel a Mansanas Ti Pagtutumpongan iti Lubong|publisher=Thirteen/WNET New York  2005 Educational Broadcasting Corporation|accessdate=2011-04-26|archive-date=2008-01-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080105113922/http://pbskids.org/bigapplehistory/arts/topic15.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.timessquarenyc.org/|title=Ti Pagtutumpongan iti Lubong – Times Square ti opisial a sapot ti pagsaadan ti Times Square |publisher=Times Square District Management Association, Inc|accessdate=2011-04-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.nyctourist.com/times-square.php|title=Times Square New York, NY Times Square|publisher=2011 NYCTourist.com|accessdate=2011-05-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.timessquare.com/NYC__/NYC_Stories/_The_Big_Apple%E2%80%99s_economic_hub/|title=Times Square Pagtutumpongan iti Lubong ti Pakaammo ti Siudad ti New York|author=Aditya Rangroo|publisher=(C) 1980–2010 TimesSquare.com A Dataware Corporation Company|date=Oktubre 14, 2010|accessdate=2012-01-22|archive-date=2013-07-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130722182815/http://www.timessquare.com/NYC__/NYC_Stories/_The_Big_Apple%E2%80%99s_economic_hub/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://digitaljournalist.org/issue0402/at_intro.html|title=Ti New York idi panawen ti 70: Ti Panagipalpalagip|author=Allan Tannenbaum|publisher=© The Digital Journalist|accessdate=2011-12-17|archive-date=2012-03-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320194616/http://digitaljournalist.org/issue0402/at_intro.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; ket isu ti naraniga a nasilawan a pagtutumpongan a distrito ti [[Broadway a teatro]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/596253/Times-Square|title=Times Square|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica|accessdate=2011-05-10}}&lt;/ref&gt; maysa kadagiti nakumikom pagkurosan dagiti magmagna iti lubong,&lt;ref name=&quot;Joshua Pramis&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.travelandleisure.com/articles/worlds-most-visited-tourist-attractions/2|title=Dagiti Kaaduan a Mabisbisita dagiti Turista iti Lubong Umuna: Times Square, Siudad ti New York|author=Joshua Pramis|publisher=Copyright © 1997–2012 American Express Publishing Corporation. All Rights Reserved|date=Oktubre 2011|accessdate=2012-03-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.diserio.com/streetscapes.html|title=The Most Jivin' Streetscapes in the World|publisher=Luigi Di Serio|year=2010|accessdate=2011-05-10|archive-date=2014-09-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140921173328/http://www.diserio.com/streetscapes.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; ken maysa a kangrunaa a sentro ti [[panagpalpaliwa nga industria]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.nyc-architecture.com/MID/MID-TimesSquare3.htm|title=New York Architecture Images- Midtown Times Square|publisher=2011 nyc-architecture|accessdate=2011-05-10|archive-date=2017-01-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170125164419/http://www.nyc-architecture.com/MID/MID-TimesSquare3.htm|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ti siudad ket pangibalayan kadagiti adu a naindayegan ti lubong a [[Dagiti rangtay ken tunel idiay Siudad ti New York|rangtay]], [[Dagiti katayagan apasdek idiay Siudad ti New York|natayag a paspasdek]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://buildingdb.ctbuh.org/?do=city&amp;city=NYC&amp;country=US|title=Dagiti pasdek idiay Sudad ti New York|publisher=Konsilo dagiti Natayag a Paspasdek ken Urbano a Pagtaengan|accessdate=2011-06-08|archive-date=2011-07-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717061539/http://buildingdb.ctbuh.org/?do=city&amp;city=NYC&amp;country=US|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; ken dagiti [[Listaan dagiti Parke idiay Siudad ti New York|parke]]. Ti pinansia a distrito ti Siudad ti New York, a naangklaan baaen ti [[Wall Street]] idiay [[Lower Manhattan]], ket iu ti pamay-an a kas ti [[pinansia a sentro|pinansia a kapitolio]] iti lubong&lt;ref&gt;*{{cite web|url=http://articles.businessinsider.com/2011-07-31/markets/30005560_1_cities-economic-output-gdp|title=Dagiti 8 a rabaw a Siudad babaen ti GDP: Tsina vs. Ti E.U.|publisher=Copyright © 2012 Business Insider, Inc. All rights reserved|date=Hulio 31, 2011|accessdate=2012-04-10|archive-date=2013-02-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130205063107/http://articles.businessinsider.com/2011-07-31/markets/30005560_1_cities-economic-output-gdp|url-status=dead}}
*{{cite web|url=http://index.xinhua08.com/dqszs/bgxz/201107/P020110708322385591732.pdf|title=Xinhua-Dow Jones International Financial Centers Development Index (2011)|page=11|publisher=CFC Holding Company, Ltd., Index Center and CME Group Index services LLC (Dow Jones Indexes)|date=Hulio 8, 2011|accessdate=2012-03-11}}
*{{cite web|url=http://www.moneycontrol.com/news/world-news/ubs-may-move-us-investment-bank-to-nyc_556257.html|title=UBS may move US investment bank to NYC|publisher=e-Eighteen.com Ltd|accessdate=2011-06-12}}
*{{Cite book
 |url=http://books.google.com/?id=dWA7aEbsy8QC&amp;pg=PA154&amp;dq=new+york+financial+capital+of+the+world+2010&amp;q=new%20york%20financial%20capital%20of%20the%20world%202010
 |title=Dagiti 301 a Kasayaatan a apagadalan ti Negosio ti 2010 babaen ti Princeton Review, Nedda Gilbert
 |accessdate=2010-05-30
 |publisher=Random House Information Group
 |isbn=978-0-375-42959-0
 |author1=Review, Princeton
 |author2=Gilbert, Nedda
 |date=Oktubre 6, 2009
 }}
*{{cite news
 |url=http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&amp;sid=aEC0OYmvvcZM
 |title=Ti New York ket Linabsanna ti Londres a kas ti Pinansia a Sentro iti Bloomberg Poll
 |publisher=Bloomberg
 |accessdate=2011-11-04
 |date=Oktubre 29, 2009
 }}
*{{Cite news
 |url=http://online.wsj.com/article/SB123940286075109617.html
 |title=Ti Buis a Kapitolio iti Lubong
 |work=The Wall Street Journal
 |accessdate=2010-05-30
 |date=Abril 11, 2009
 }}
*{{cite web
 |url=http://justoneminute.typepad.com/main/2010/04/editorializing-from-the-financial-capital-of-the-world.html
 |title=JustOneMinute&amp;nbsp;– Editorializing From The Financial Capital Of The World
 |accessdate=2010-05-30
 |archive-date=2011-06-13
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110613175345/http://www.moneycontrol.com/news/world-news/ubs-may-move-us-investment-bank-to-nyc_556257.html
 |url-status=dead
 }}
*{{cite web
 |url=http://www.marketwatch.com/story/credit-crunch-shows-new-york-is-still-worlds-financial-capital/
 |title=Ti Londres ket Mabalin nga Adda kadagiti IPO&amp;nbsp;...
 |publisher=Marketwatch
 |accessdate=2010-05-30
 }}
*{{cite web
 |url=http://www.cincodias.com/articulo/mercados/Londres-versus-Nueva-York/20080901cdscdimer_3/cdsmer/
 |title=Fondos&amp;nbsp;– Londres versus Nueva York
 |format=PDF
 |publisher=Cinco Dias
 |language=Espaniol
 |accessdate=2010-05-30
 |archive-date=2011-08-13
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110813033528/http://www.cincodias.com/articulo/mercados/londres-versus-nueva-york/20080901cdscdimer_3/
 |url-status=dead
 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
ken isu ti pagbalayan ti [[New York Stock Exchange]], ti kadakkelan a stock exchange babaen ti dagup ti [[market capitalization|puonan ti paglakuan]] kadagiti nailista a kompaniana.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.world-exchanges.org/files/file/stats%20and%20charts/July%202010%20WFE%20Market%20Highlights.pdf|title=Market Highlights for First Half-year 2010|publisher=World Federation of Exchanges|accessdate=2011-04-13|archive-date=2013-07-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130722235155/http://www.world-exchanges.org/files/file/stats%20and%20charts/July%202010%20WFE%20Market%20Highlights.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ti pagtagilakuan ti [[real estate]] ti  Manhattan ket maysa kadagiti kanginaan iti lubong.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 |url=http://www.cnbc.com/id/29862382/The_World_s_Most_Expensive_Real_Estate_Markets?slide=9
 |title=Ti Kanginaan a Paglakuan ti Real Estate iti Lubong
 |publisher=CNBC
 |accessdate=2010-05-30
 |archive-date=2011-04-30
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110430074517/http://www.cnbc.com/id/29862382/The_World_s_Most_Expensive_Real_Estate_Markets?slide=9
 |url-status=dead
 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ti [[Ka-Insikan, Manhattan|Ka-Insikan ti Manhattan]] ket pagibuklan ti kaaduan pagyanan dagiti [[Han nga Insik|Insik a tatto]] iti Lumaud a Hemiperio.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.ny.com/articles/chinatown.html|title=Ti Pakasaritaan ti Ka-Insikan ti New York|author=Sarah Waxman|publisher=Mediabridge Infosystems, Inc.|accessdate=2011-03-05}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.explorechinatown.com/PDF/FactSheet.pdf|title=Ti Kinapudno a Sabanas ti Ka-Insikan ti Siudad ti New York |publisher=explorechinatown.com|accessdate=2011-12-18}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=NagJFMxtkAcC&amp;pg=PA104&amp;dq=Flushing+Chinatown+Little+Taiwan&amp;hl=en&amp;ei=tHBaTpiYAeWt0AHsrrCTCQ&amp;sa=X&amp;oi=book_result&amp;ct=result&amp;resnum=1&amp;ved=0CCkQ6AEwADgK#v=onepage&amp;q=Flushing%20Chinatown%20Little%20Taiwan&amp;f=false |title=Isu pay laeng ti Nabalitokan a Ruangan: ti Maikatlo&amp;nbsp;... |publisher=Liblibro ti Google |author=David M. Reimers |accessdate=2011-12-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.indonewyork.com/contents/New%20York/Kota%20New%20York/Chinatown/Chinatown.htm|title=Ka-Insikan|publisher=Indo New York|accessdate=2011-12-18|archive-date=2012-04-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120404124306/http://www.indonewyork.com/contents/New%20York/Kota%20New%20York/Chinatown/Chinatown.htm|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mangitited daytoy ti agtultuloy a 24/7 a panagserbisio,&lt;ref name=twentyfour&gt;{{cite news
|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2005/12/20/nyregion/nyregionspecial3/20security.html?_r=1&amp;oref=slogin
|title=Nga Adda ti Pangdandanagan ti Terorismo, Dagiti Polis ket Agsagsaganada a Mangsalaknib ti Nadaael a Sistema
|work=The New York Times
|date=Disiembre 20, 2005
|accessdate=2012-02-17
| first1=Al
| last1=Baker
| first2=Richard
| last2=Pérez-Peña
}}&lt;/ref&gt; ti [[Subway ti New York]] ket maysa kadagiti kawatiwatan a [[rapid transit|napardas a pagdaliasatan]] a sistema iti lubong.Adda dagiti adu a kolehio ken unibersidad ti mabirukan idiay New York,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.ny.com/academia/colleges.html|title=Dagiti Kolehio ken Unibersidad ti NYC|publisher=© Mediabridge Infosystems, Inc. 1994–2011|accessdate=2011-10-13}}&lt;/ref&gt; a mairaman ti [[Columbia University|nibersidad ti Columbia]], [[New York University|Unibersidad ti New York]], ken [[Rockefeller University|Unibersidad ti Rockefeller]] , a dagitoy ket nairanggo kadagiti 50 a rabaw iti lubong.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.arwu.org/ARWU2010.jsp |title=Akademiko a Pannakairanggo dagiti Unibersida iti Lubong |publisher=Arwu.org |accessdate=2011-01-18}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kakabsat a siudad ==
Ti Siudad ti New York kat adda dagiti sangapulo a [[Dagiti singin nga ili ken kakabsat a siudad|kakabsat a siudad]]. Ti Programa ti Kabsat a Siudad ti Siudad ti New York ket napasayaat idi ken nanaganan manen ti Sangalubongan a Kaasmang ti Siudad ti New York , Inc. idi 2006 nga adda dagiti gandat a mangipalawa ti pannakitignay ti Siudad kadagiti gangganaet a siudad bayat nga agtagtaginayon kadagiti sangapulo a naipakasaritaan a maikabagianna a siudad:&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.nyc.gov/html/unccp/scp/html/partner/partner.shtml|title=Dagiti Kaasmang a Siudad ti NYC|publisher=Ti Siudad ti New York|accessdate=2012-08-17|archive-date=2013-02-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130201221257/http://www.nyc.gov/html/unccp/scp/html/partner/partner.shtml|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Siudad
! Manipud idi
|-
| [[Tokyo]], [[Hapon]] || 1960
|-
| [[Beijing]], [[Tsina]] || 1980
|-
| [[Cairo]], [[Ehipto]] || 1982
|-
| [[Madrid]], [[Espania]] || 1982
|-
| [[Santo Domingo]], [[Republica Dominicana|Republika Dominikana]] || 1983
|-
| [[Budapest]], [[Hungaria]] || 1992
|-
| [[Roma]], [[Italia]] || 1992
|-
| [[Herusalem]], [[Israel]] || 1993
|-
| [[Tel Aviv]]&lt;ref name=&quot;TLV&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.tel-aviv.gov.il/Cityhall/Pages/Partnerships.aspx?tm=&amp;sm=&amp;side=515|title=''Tel Aviv -Dagiti Kaasmang a Siudad''|publisher=2008 [http://www.tel-aviv.gov.i]|accessdate=5 Disiembre 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;, [[Israel]] || 1996
|-
| [[Londres]], [[Nagkaykaysa a Pagarian]] || 2001
|-
| [[Johannesburg]], [[Abagatan nga Aprika]] || 2003
|}

Kasla ti New York, amin malaksid ti Beijing ket dagiti kaaduan ti populasion a siudad kadagiti pagilianda,&lt;ref&gt;Ti ''[[The Statesman's Yearbook]] 2003'', inurnos babaen ni Barry Turner, [[Palgrave Macmillan]] ([[Basingstoke]], Londres ken New York), 2002, {{ISBN|0-333-98096-4}}&lt;/ref&gt; A saan a kas ti New York, amin ngem ti Johannesburg ket agserserbi pay a kas ti ''de facto'' wenno ''[[de jure]]'' a nailian a kapitolio ti politika. Ti New York ken dagiti kakabsatna asiudad ket aminda a kangrunaan a sentro ti ekonomia, ngem adda dagiti bassit a kakabsat ti New York nga adda ti kasasaad a kas maysa a nangruna a puerto.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Dagiti Pagilian ti Lubong&quot;, ''[[Whitaker's Almanack]] 1999'' (Pagalagadan nga Edison), [[The Stationery Office]], Londres, 1998, {{ISBN|0-11-702240-3}}, pampanid 781–785 &amp; panid 907&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dagiti nagibasaran ==
{{Reflist}}

== Adu pay a mabasbasa ==
{{refbegin|30em}}
*{{cite book |last=Belden |first=E. Porter |year=1849 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=Jv-nXd8W8b0C&amp;printsec=titlepage |title=New York, Napalabas, Agdama, ken Masakbayan: Buklen ti Pakasaritaan ti Siudad ti New York, ti Panakaipalpalawag iti Agdama a Kasasaadna, ket ti maysa a Karkulo ti Masakbayanna a Panagdakkel |location=New York |publisher=G.P. Putnam }} manaipud ti [[Liblibro ti Google]].
*{{cite book |authorlink=Anthony Burgess |last=Burgess |first=Anthony |year=1976 |title=[[New York (libro ni Anthony Burgess)|New York]] |location=New York |publisher=Little, Brown &amp; Co. |isbn=90-6182-266-1 }}
*{{Cite gotham}}
*{{cite book |authorlink=Federal Writers' Project |author=Gandat dagiti Pederal a Mannurat |year=1939 |title=Ti WPA a Pagsurotan ti Siudad ti New York |url=https://archive.org/details/wpaguidetonewyor0000unse_j1g5 |location=New York |publisher=The New Press |edition=1995 reissue |isbn=1-56584-321-5 }}
*{{Cite enc-nyc}}
*{{cite book |editor1-last=Jackson |editor1-first=Kenneth T. |editor2-last=Dunbar |editor2-first=David S. |year=2005 |title=Imperio a Siudad: Ti New York Ti Uneg dagiti Sigsiglo |publisher=Unibersidad ti Columbia a Pagmalditan|isbn=0-231-10909-1 }}
*{{Cite book |title=Amerikano a Metropolis: Ti Pakasaritaan ti Sisudad ti New York |url=https://archive.org/details/americanmetropol00lank |last=Lankevich |first=George L. |publisher=NYU Press |year=1998 |isbn=0-8147-5186-5 }}
*{{cite book |authorlink=E. B. White |last=White |first=E. B. |year=1949 |title=Here is New York |publisher=Little Bookroom |edition=2000 reissue }}
*{{Cite AIA4}}
*{{cite book |authorlink=Colson Whitehead |last=Whitehead |first=Colson |year=2003 |title=Ti Koloso iti New York: Ti Siudad kadagiti 13 a Paset |location=New York |publisher=Doubleday |isbn=0-385-50794-1 }}
{{refend}}

== Dagiti akinruar a silpo ==
* {{commons-nailinia|New York City|Siudad ti New Yok}}
* [http://www.nyc.gov/ NYC.gov] ket isu ti opisial a website ti Siudad ti New York.

[[Kategoria:Siudad ti New York| ]]
[[Kategoria:Dagiti siudad idiay New York]]
[[Kategoria:Dagiti dati a kapitolio iti Estados Unidos]]
[[Kategoria:Dagiti Metropolitano a lugar iti Estados Unidos]]
[[Kategoria:Nangruna nga artikulo (atiddog)]]</text>
      <sha1>nbxi3llo9f3e4hl36muhly83vsn7xwx</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Geoffrey Marcy</title>
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Ni '''Geoffrey William Marcy''' {{Kabibiag|NAILINIA}} ket maysa nga Amerikano nga astronomo. Isu ket maysa kadagiti pionero ken dagiti daulo iti pannakaduktal ti pannakaidasig dagiti planeta iti lawlaw dagiti sabali a planeta ngem iti Init. Ni Marcy ken ti timpuyogna nga agsuksukisok ket  nabigbigan para iti panangduktal kadagiti adu nga [[ekstrasolar a planeta]], mairaman dagiti 70 manipud kadagiti 100 nga ammo nga [[eksoplaneta]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Marcy|first1=G.W.|title=Technology Enabling the First 100 Exoplanets|journal=American Astronomical Society Meeting Abstracts|date=2014|volume=223|issue=#91.03}}&lt;/ref&gt; ken isu pay ti immuna a sistema ti planeta iti likmut ti kasla Init a bituen, ti [[Upsilon Andromedae]].&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=A Family of Giants: First System of Multiple Planets Found around a Sun-like Star|url=http://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/1999/ast15apr99_1/|website=NASA Science News|publisher=NASA|accessdate=Agosto 16, 2015|archive-date=2016-03-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310204212/http://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/1999/ast15apr99_1/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;auto1&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=SFSU Public Affairs Press Release: First system of multiple planets found around a Sun-like star|url=http://www.sfsu.edu/news/prsrelea/fy98/104.htm|website=San Francisco State University|publisher=Public Affairs Office at San Francisco State University|accessdate=Agosto 16, 2015|archive-date=2015-08-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150818210705/http://www.sfsu.edu/news/prsrelea/fy98/104.htm|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Ni Marcy ket katakunaynay idi nga imbestigador iti [[Kepler (lugan iti limbang)|mision ti ''Kepler'']] ti NASA&lt;ref name=&quot;Kepler Team&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Kepler Team|url=http://kepler.nasa.gov/Mission/team/coi/geoffMarcy/|website=Kepler: A Search For Habitable Planets|publisher=Ames Research Center|accessdate=Agosto 18, 2015|archive-date=2010-05-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100528122403/http://kepler.nasa.gov/Mission/team/coi/geoffMarcy/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;  a nakadiskobre kadagiti sumurok a 4000 nga eksoplaneta. 

== Dagiti nagibasaran ==
{{Reflist}}

== Dagiti akinruar a silpo ==
* [http://astro.berkeley.edu/%7Egmarcy/ Umuna a panid ni Marcy iti UC Berkeley] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130406051206/http://astro.berkeley.edu/~gmarcy/ |date=2013-04-06 }}
* [http://astro.berkeley.edu/~gmarcy/Autobiography_marcy.pdf Autobiograpia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060912103124/http://astro.berkeley.edu/~gmarcy/Autobiography_marcy.pdf |date=2006-09-12 }}
* [http://www.extrasolar-planets.com/exoplanets/interview_geoff_marcy.html Entrabista para kenni Geoff Marcy (Marso 11, 2009)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171216133516/http://www.extrasolar-planets.com/exoplanets/interview_geoff_marcy.html |date=2017-12-16 }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110219172817/http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/41378451/ns/technology_and_science-space/ Entrabista para kenni Geoff Marcy (Pebrero 1, 2011)]

{{Kontrol ti autoridad}}
{{Bio-pungol}}

{{Kabibiag|KATEGORIA|Marcy, Geoggrey}}</text>
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    <title>Listaan dagiti birngas ti estado ti Estados Unidos</title>
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      <text bytes="47273" sha1="t88eecblvw46rjmn3v31ja9nxggri4h" xml:space="preserve">Ti sumaganad ket listaan '''Listaan dagiti birngas ti estado iti Estados Unidos''', a nairaman dagiti opisial a naamponan a birngas ken dagiti sabsabali a tinawtawid a birngas dagiti tunggal maysa nga estado ken distrito iti [[Estados Unidos]]. Dagiti agdama nga opisial a birngas ti estado ket naipapuskol.

== Dagiti birngas ti estado ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Estado !! Birngas wenno dagiti birngas
|-
| {{wagayway|Alabama}}&lt;br /&gt;(Awan ti opisial a birngas)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | first= | last= | title=Emblems Index | date= | publisher=State of Alabama | url=http://www.archives.alabama.gov/kids_emblems/ | work= | pages= | accessdate=2008-01-26 | language= | archive-date=2017-05-25 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525063218/http://www.archives.alabama.gov/kids_emblems/ | url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
*Cotton Plantation State&lt;ref name=&quot;ala&quot; /&gt;
*Cotton State&lt;ref name=AL&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.archives.state.al.us/emblems/emblems.html |title=Alabama Emblems, Symbols and Honors |accessdate=2007-03-18 |date=2006-04-20 |publisher=Alabama Department of Archives &amp; History |quote=Alabama does not have an official nickname. |archive-date=2018-12-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224225303/http://www.archives.state.al.us/emblems/emblems.html%20 |url-status=dead }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224225303/http://www.archives.state.al.us/emblems/emblems.html%20 |date=2018-12-24 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Heart of Dixie (inus-usar kadagiti [[Dagiti plata ti panagrehistro ti karro ti Alabama|plata ti lisensia]])&lt;ref name=AL /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.archives.state.al.us/emblems/Heart_of_Dixie.html |title=Heart of Dixie |accessdate=2007-03-18 |date=2004-06-29 |work=Alabama Emblems, Symbols and Honors |publisher=Alabama Department of Archives &amp; History |archive-date=2018-12-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224225249/http://www.archives.state.al.us/emblems/Heart_of_Dixie.html%20 |url-status=dead }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224225249/http://www.archives.state.al.us/emblems/Heart_of_Dixie.html%20 |date=2018-12-24 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | first= | last= | authorlink= | title=Nicknames: America's 50 States (First of Four Parts) | date=2008-01-06 | publisher=VOA Special English program | url=http://www.voanews.com/specialenglish/archive/2008-01/2007-12-31-voa3.cfm | work=Voice of America | pages= | accessdate=2009-01-04 | language= | archive-date=2019-01-05 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190105214253/https://learningenglish.voanews.com/ | url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Lizard State&lt;ref name=&quot;ala&quot;&gt;[http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/al_intro.htm Introduction to Alabama] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160207234557/http://netstate.com/states/intro/al_intro.htm |date=2016-02-07 }}, 50 States, naala idi Abril 24, 2009.&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Northern flicker|Yellowhammer]] State&lt;ref name=AL /&gt;
|-
| {{wagayway|Alaska}}
|
* Land of the [[Midnight sun|Midnight Sun]]&lt;ref name=ak /&gt;
* Land of the Noonday Moon&lt;ref name=ak /&gt;
* '''The Last Frontier''' (agdama nga inus-usar kadagiti [[Dagiti plata ti panagrehistro ti karro ti Alaska|plata ti lisensia]])&lt;ref name=&quot;ak&quot;&gt;[http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/ak_intro.htm The Last Frontier State] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160208163712/http://netstate.com/states/intro/ak_intro.htm |date=2016-02-08 }}, 50 States, naala idi Abril 24, 2009.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;alaska&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.commerce.state.ak.us/ded/dev/student_info/student.htm |title=Alaska Division of Economic Development |accessdate=2011-07-30 |publisher=Alaska Division of Economic Development |author=Alaska Division of Economic Development|date=2010-12-21}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*[[Seward's Folly]] (nanaganan kalpasan ti Sekretario ti Estado a ni [[William H. Seward]])&lt;ref name=ak /&gt;
*Seward's Ice Box, Icebergia, Polaria, Walrussia, and [[Andrew Johnson|Johnson]]'s Polar Bear Garden were satirical names coined by members of the [[United States Congress|U.S. Congress]] during debate over the [[Alaska Purchase]]&lt;ref name=ak /&gt;
|-
| {{wagayway|Arizona}}
|
* [[Apache]] State&lt;ref name=az /&gt;
*[[Aztec]] State&lt;ref name=az /&gt;
*Baby State (Gapu ta ti Arizona ket ti kabaruan a kasigkay nga estado ti Kappon)&lt;ref name=az /&gt;
* [[Copper]] State&lt;ref name=az /&gt;
* '''[[Grand Canyon]] State''' (agdama nga inus-usar kadagiti [[Dagiti plata ti panagrehistro ti karro ti Arizona|plata ti lisensia]])&lt;ref name=&quot;az&quot;&gt;[http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/az_intro.htm Introduction to Arizona] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226000434/http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/az_intro.htm%20 |date=2018-12-26 }}, 50 States, naala idi Abril 24, 2009.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.azleg.gov/FormatDocument.asp?inDoc=/legtext/50leg/1r/bills/hb2549o.asp Ariz. HB 2549] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120729082312/http://www.azleg.gov/FormatDocument.asp?inDoc=/legtext/50leg/1r/bills/hb2549o.asp |date=2012-07-29 }} Opisial nga inampon babaen ti Arizona idi Pebrero 14, 2011&lt;/ref&gt;
*[[Italia|Italy]] of America&lt;ref name=az /&gt;
*Sand Hill State&lt;ref name=az /&gt;
*Sunset State&lt;ref name=az /&gt;
*Sweetheart State (Kitaen dita baba)&lt;ref name=az /&gt;
*[[Valentine's Day|Valentine]] State (Nakagun-od ti Arizona ti kinaestado idi Pebrero 14, 1912)&lt;ref name=az /&gt;
|-
| {{wagayway|Arkansas}}
|
*[[Bear]] State&lt;ref name=ark /&gt;
*[[Bowie knife|Bowie]] State&lt;ref name=ark /&gt;
*[[Hot spring|Hot Springs]] State&lt;ref name=ark /&gt;
* Land of Opportunity (dati nga opisial a birngas; dati nga inus-usar kadagiti [[Dagiti plata ti panagrehistro ti karro ti Arkansas|plata ti lisensia]])&lt;ref name=ark /&gt;
* '''The Natural State''' (agdama nga inus-usar kadagiti plata ti lisensia)&lt;ref name=ark /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://law.justia.com/codes/arkansas/2010/title-1/chapter-4/1-4-106/ Arkansas §&amp;nbsp;1-4-106 – State nickname] Naala idi Feb. 28, 2011&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Boar|Razorback]] State&lt;ref name=ark /&gt;
*[[Arkansas toothpick|Toothpick]] State&lt;ref name=&quot;ark&quot;&gt;[http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/ar_intro.htm Introduction to Arkansas] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160221212457/http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/ar_intro.htm |date=2016-02-21 }}, US States, naala idi Abril 24, 2009.&lt;/ref&gt;
* Wonder State&lt;ref name=ark /&gt;
|-
| {{wagayway|California}}
|
* Sunny State
* [[El Dorado]] State&lt;ref name=nie /&gt;
* '''The Golden State'''&lt;ref&gt;[http://law.onecle.com/california/government/420.75.html California Government Code Section 420.75] Naala idi Peb. 28, 2011&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | first= | last= | title=State Symbols | date= | publisher=State of California | url=http://www.library.ca.gov/history/symbols.html#Heading13 | work=California State Library | pages= | accessdate=2008-01-26 | language= | access-date=2011-12-20 | archive-date=2019-01-05 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190105214315/http://www.library.ca.gov/california-history/state-symbols/#Heading13 | url-status=dead }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190105214315/http://www.library.ca.gov/california-history/state-symbols/#Heading13 |date=2019-01-05 }}&lt;/ref&gt; (dati nga inus-usar kadagiti [[Dagiti plata ti panagrehistro ti karro ti California|plata ti lisensia]])
|-
| {{wagayway|Colorado}}
|
*[[American bison|Buffalo]] [[High Plains (United States)|Plains]] State&lt;ref name=COnetstate&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/co_intro.htm | title = Colorado | work = NetState.com | publisher = NState, LLC. | accessdate = 2007-02-21 | archive-date = 2018-12-24 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181224225237/http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/co_intro.htm%20 | url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; (saanen a maus-usar)
*'''Centennial State'''&lt;ref name=COnames&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.colorado.gov/dpa/doit/archives/history/symbemb.htm#Name | title = Colorado State Name and Nicknames | work = Colorado State Symbols &amp; Emblems | publisher = [[Colorado|State of Colorado]], Department of Personnel &amp; Administration, Colorado State Archives | accessdate = 2007-02-21 | archive-date = 2019-01-07 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190107145753/https://www.colorado.gov/archives#Name | url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; (dati nga inus-usar kadagiti [[Dagiti plata ti panagrehistro ti karro ti Colorado|plata ti lisensia]]. Colorado was admitted to the [[United States|Union]] one hundred years after the signing of the [[Declaration of Independence]].)
*Colorful Colorado&lt;ref name=COnames /&gt; (dati nga inus-usar kadagiti [[Dagiti plata ti panagrehistro ti karro ti Colorado|plata ti lisensia]])
*[[Aquilegia caerulea|Columbine]] State&lt;ref name=COflower&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.colorado.gov/dpa/doit/archives/history/symbemb.htm#Flower | title = Colorado State Flower | work = Colorado State Symbols &amp; Emblems | publisher = [[Colorado|State of Colorado]], Department of Personnel &amp; Administration, Colorado State Archives | accessdate = 2007-02-21 | archive-date = 2019-01-07 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190107145753/https://www.colorado.gov/archives#Flower | url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
*Highest State&lt;ref name=COnetstate /&gt;
*[[Lead]] State&lt;ref name=COnetstate /&gt; (saanen a maus-usar)
*Mother of Rivers&lt;ref name=COwater&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.coloradohistory.org/RIPsigns/show_markertext.asp?id=797 | title = Colorado Water History | format = asp | publisher = Colorado Historical Society | accessdate = 2007-11-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*[[Rocky Mountains|Rocky Mountain]] Empire&lt;ref name = wikiDenver&gt;[[Denver, Colorado]]&lt;/ref&gt;  (saanen a maus-usar)
*[[Rocky Mountains|Rocky Mountain]] State&lt;ref name=COusatourist&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.usatourist.com/english/places/colorado/index.html | title = Colorado | work = USAtourist.com | publisher = USATourist | accessdate = 2007-02-21 | archive-date = 2010-04-10 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100410204830/http://usatourist.com/english/places/colorado/index.html | url-status = dead }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100410204830/http://usatourist.com/english/places/colorado/index.html |date=2010-04-10 }}&lt;/ref&gt; (saanen a maus-usar)
*[[Silver]] State&lt;ref name=COnetstate /&gt; (saanen a maus-usar; kitaen ti Nevada)
*[[Skiing|Ski]] Country USA&lt;ref name=CSCUSA&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.coloradoski.com/cscusa-history-contact |title=Colorado Ski Country USA history |access-date=2016-08-17 |archive-date=2014-03-16 |archive-url=https://archive.is/20140316180331/http://www.coloradoski.com/cscusa-history-contact |url-status=dead }} {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20140316180331/http://www.coloradoski.com/cscusa-history-contact |date=2014-03-16 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
*[[Switzerland]] of America&lt;ref name=&quot;colo&quot;&gt;[http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/co_intro.htm Introduction to Colorado] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224225237/http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/co_intro.htm%20 |date=2018-12-24 }}, 50 States, naala idi Abril 24, 2009.&lt;/ref&gt;  (saanen a maus-usar)
|-
| {{wagayway|Connecticut}}
|
*'''Constitution State''' (opisial, agdama nga inus-usar kadagiti [[Dagiti plata ti panagrehistro ti karro ti Connecticut|plata ti lisensia]])&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.cga.ct.gov/current/pub/chap_033.htm#sec_3-110a Conn. Stat. Sec. 3-110a], naala idi Nob. 4, 2013&lt;/ref&gt;
*Nutmeg State&lt;ref name=nie /&gt;
*Blue Law State&lt;ref name=nie /&gt;
*Provisions State
*Freestone State&lt;ref name=nie /&gt;
*Land of Steady Habits&lt;ref name=nie /&gt;
|-
| {{wagayway|Delaware}}
|
*Chemical Capital of the World&lt;ref name=del /&gt; (due to one time being the corporate headquarters for several international chemical companies.)
*[[Corporation|Corporate]] Capital (due to the state's business-friendly incorporation laws)&lt;ref name=del /&gt;
*Diamond State (Thomas Jefferson is supposed to have referred to Delaware as being like a diamond- small in size but great in value)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.monticello.org/site/jefferson/jewel-among-states-quotation|title=Jewel among the states (Quotation)|website=Monticello.ORG|accessdate=13 Nobiembre 2015|archive-date=2015-11-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117022311/http://www.monticello.org/site/jefferson/jewel-among-states-quotation|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*[[Delaware Blue Hen|Blue Hen]] State or Blue Hen Chicken State&lt;ref name=&quot;PopikSmoky&quot;&gt;Barry Popik, [http://www.barrypopik.com/index.php/new_york_city/entry/summary12/ Smoky City], barrypopik.com website, Marso 27, 2005&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''The First State'''&lt;ref name=del /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://delcode.delaware.gov/title29/c003/#318 Delaware Code Title 29 Section 318] naala idi on Pebrero 28, 2011&lt;/ref&gt; (Delaware was the first state to ratify the [[Constitution of the United States|Constitution]]; agdama nga inus-usar kadagiti [[Dagiti plata ti panagrehistro ti karro ti Delaware|plata ti lisensia]])
*[[Peach]] State&lt;ref name=&quot;del&quot;&gt;[http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/de_intro.htm Introduction to Delaware] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226000340/http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/de_intro.htm%20 |date=2018-12-26 }}, 50 States, naala idi Abril 24, 2009.&lt;/ref&gt;
* Small Wonder&lt;ref name=del /&gt;
|-
| {{wagayway|Washington, D.C.}}
|
* Nation's Capital&lt;ref name=&quot;farhi&quot;&gt;Farhi, Paul. (2010, Hulio 30). [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/07/29/AR2010072905868.html After initial obscurity, 'The DMV' nickname for Washington area picks up speed]. ''Washington Post''. Naala idi 20 Disiembre 2013.&lt;/ref&gt;
* DMV (nickname for the broader metropolitan area of Washington, D.C., Maryland, and Virginia)&lt;ref name=&quot;farhi&quot; /&gt;
* Inside the Beltway
|-The District
|{{wagayway|Florida}}
|
*[[American alligator|Alligator]] State&lt;ref name=fla /&gt;
* [[Everglades|Everglade]] State&lt;ref name=&quot;fla&quot;&gt;[http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/fl_intro.htm Introduction to Florida] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160411092453/http://netstate.com/states/intro/fl_intro.htm |date=2016-04-11 }}, 50 States, naala idi Abril 24, 2009.&lt;/ref&gt;
* Flower State&lt;ref name=fla /&gt;
*[[Golpo ti Mehiko|Gulf]] State&lt;ref name=fla /&gt;
* [[Spanish Florida|La Florida]]
* [[Orange (fruit)|Orange]] State&lt;ref name=fla /&gt;
* Peninsula State or Peninsular State&lt;ref name=PopikSmoky /&gt;
* '''Sunshine State''' (agdama nga inus-usar kadagiti [[Dagiti plata ti panagrehistro ti karro ti Florida|plata ti lisensia]])
|-
| {{wagayway|Georgia (Estado iti Estados Unidos)|name=Georgia}}
|
* '''[[Peach]] State'''&lt;ref name=GAnames&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/QuickFacts.jsp?hl=y&amp;id=State_Symbols&amp;action=openTo#idState_Symbols | title = Quick Facts: State Symbols | work = The New Georgia Encyclopedia | publisher = University of Georgia Press | accessdate = 2008-03-03 | archive-date = 2013-05-14 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130514021800/http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/QuickFacts.jsp?hl=y&amp;id=State_Symbols&amp;action=openTo#idState_Symbols | url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; (agdama nga inus-usar kadagiti [[Dagiti plata ti panagrehistro ti karro ti Georgia (Estado iti Estados Unidos)|plata ti lisensia]])
&lt;!-- * [[Buzzard]] State (from laws Georgia introduced to protect buzzards)&lt;ref name=GAnames&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/ga_intro.htm | title = Georgia  | work = State Flags Flowers Birds Symbols and Emblems State Quarters Geography and Maps Newspapers History and Economy for the 50 States | format = HTML | publisher = NetState | accessdate = 2008-03-03}}&lt;/ref&gt; --&gt;
* [[Georgia cracker|Cracker State]] — Along with Florida, Georgia had been called &quot;The Cracker State&quot; in earlier times, perhaps a derogatory term that referred to immigrants, called &quot;crackers,&quot; from the mountains of Virginia and North Carolina.&lt;ref name=GAnames2&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?path=%2FFolklife%2FCustomsandLocalTraditions&amp;id=h-552 | title = Folklife: Customs and Local Traditions | work = The New Georgia Encyclopedia | publisher = University of Georgia Press | accessdate = 2008-03-03 | archive-date = 2012-10-09 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121009041406/http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?path=%2FFolklife%2FCustomsandLocalTraditions&amp;id=h-552 | url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; See also [[Atlanta Crackers#Origin of the team's name|Atlanta Crackers: Origin of the name]]
* Empire State of the South — Georgia is the second largest state, behind New York, east of the Mississippi and was the leading industrial state of the old south&lt;ref name=GAnames3&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-1018&amp;hl=y | title = History &amp; Archaeology: Antebellum Industrialization | work = The New Georgia Encyclopedia | publisher = University of Georgia Press | accessdate = 2008-03-03 | archive-date = 2013-04-05 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130405154630/http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-1018 | url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Yankee-land of the South: Similarly to the above nickname, &quot;Yankee-land of the South&quot; speaks to industrial and economic development in the south. This nickname Mayo be used in a derogatory sense.&lt;ref name=GAnames4&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/ga_intro.htm | title = Georgia | work = State Flags Flowers Birds Symbols and Emblems State Quarters Geography and Maps Newspapers History and Economy for the 50 States | publisher = NetState | accessdate = 2008-03-03 | archive-date = 2018-12-24 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181224225237/http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/ga_intro.htm%20 | url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Goober Peas|Goober]] State — Refers to peanuts, the official state crop.&lt;ref name=GAnames5&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-1809&amp;hl=y | title = Land &amp; Resources: Peanuts | work = The New Georgia Encyclopedia | publisher = University of Georgia Press | accessdate = 2008-03-03 | archive-date = 2011-08-05 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110805150437/http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-1809&amp;hl=y | url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* State of Adventure (Adda kadagiti senial ti panagpasangbay iti kalsada)
&lt;!-- Deleted image removed: [[Papeles:Welcome sign Georgia State.jpg|thumbnail|right|Welcome sign Georgia State]] --&gt;
|-
| {{wagayway|Hawaii}}
|
* '''Aloha State''' (officially the &quot;popular&quot; name,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.capitol.hawaii.gov/hrscurrent/Vol01_Ch0001-0042F/HRS0005/HRS_0005-0007.htm|title= Hawaii Revised Statutes §&amp;nbsp;5-7|accessdate= Nobiembre 4, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; agdama nga inus-usar kadagiti [[Dagiti plata ti panagrehistro ti karro ti Hawaii|plata ti lisensia]])&lt;ref name=&quot;hi&quot;&gt;[http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/hi_intro.htm Introduction to Hawaii] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226000428/http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/hi_intro.htm%20 |date=2018-12-26 }}, 50 States.&lt;/ref&gt;
*Paradise
*The Islands of Aloha
*Paradise of the Pacific&lt;ref name=hi /&gt;
* Pineapple State&lt;ref name=hi /&gt;
* Rainbow State&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.guidebookamerica.com/news/hawaii_rainbow/index.htm |title=HAWAII: A RAINBOW OF CULTURAL RICHES: A world of traditions blending for centuries offers cultural activities of colorful diversity |publisher=Guidebookamerica.com |date= |accessdate=2013-05-24 |archive-date=2018-12-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224225332/http://www.guidebookamerica.com/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
*Youngest State&lt;ref name=hi /&gt;
*808 State (colloquial, refers to the state's [[Area code 808|area code]].)&lt;ref name=&quot;808statefaq&quot;&gt;[http://www.808state.com/various/faq/faq.htm#name 808 State Frequently Asked Questions: Where did 808 State get their name from?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818152327/http://www.808state.com/various/faq/faq.htm#name |date=2016-08-18 }}, 808 State Official Website.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;talkradiohawaii&quot;&gt;[http://www.808stateupdate.com/ 808 State Update], Talk Radio Hawaii&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| {{wagayway|Idaho}}
|
*'''[[Gemstone|Gem]] State'''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | first= | last= | authorlink= | title=Nicknames: America's 50 States (Second of Four Parts) | date=2008-01-12 | publisher=VOA Special English program | url=http://www.voanews.com/specialenglish/archive/2008-01/2008-01-13-voa3.cfm | work=Voice of America | pages= | accessdate=2009-01-04 | language= | archive-date=2018-12-24 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224225231/https://learningenglish.voanews.com/ | url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Gem of the Mountains&lt;ref name=&quot;ida&quot;&gt;[http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/id_intro.htm Introduction to Idaho] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120920092147/http://netstate.com/states/intro/id_intro.htm |date=2012-09-20 }}, 50 States.&lt;/ref&gt;
*Little Ida&lt;ref name=ida /&gt;
* [[Potato|Spud]] State&lt;ref name=spud&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.superpages.com/states/ID/history.html | title = SuperPages: Idaho History | accessdate = 2008-03-21 | archive-date = 2018-12-24 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181224225243/https://www.superpages.com/states/ID/history.html%20 | url-status = dead }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224225243/https://www.superpages.com/states/ID/history.html%20 |date=2018-12-24 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Potatonia
* Little Ida&lt;ref name=&quot;ida&quot; /&gt; (agdama nga inus-usar kadagiti [[Dagiti plata ti panagrehistro ti karro ti Idaho|plata ti lisensia]])
|-
| {{wagayway|Illinois}}&lt;ref name=ILnames&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/il_intro.htm | title = Illinois | work = Illinois State Symbols &amp; Emblems | accessdate = 2007-04-29 | archive-date = 2018-12-24 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181224225301/http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/il_intro.htm%20 | url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
* Land of Lincoln&lt;ref name=&quot;ill&quot; /&gt; (agdama nga inus-usar kadagiti [[Dagiti plata ti panagrehistro ti karro ti Illinois|plata ti lisensia]])
* '''Prairie State'''&lt;ref name=&quot;ill&quot; /&gt;
* Corn State&lt;ref name=&quot;ill&quot;&gt;[http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/il_intro.htm#nickname Introduction to Illinois] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224225301/http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/il_intro.htm%20#nickname |date=2018-12-24 }}, 50 States, naala idi Abril 24, 2009.&lt;/ref&gt;
* Inland Empire State
* Garden of the West&lt;ref name=&quot;ill&quot; /&gt;
|-
| {{wagayway|Indiana}}
|
* '''[[Hoosier]] State'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Hoosier_State&quot;&gt;The unofficial sobriquet of the State of Indiana has given rise to the humorous constructions Hoosierana (the land of Hoosiers; see uses in [http://www.depauw.edu/library/archives/ijhof/inductees/thomassond.htm Indiana Journalism Hall of Fame] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050912120101/http://www.depauw.edu/library/archives/ijhof/inductees/thomassond.htm |date=2005-09-12 }} and [http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-28003622.html by sports journalist Frank DeFord] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105033436/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-28003622.html |date=2012-11-05 }}) and Hoosierstan (the place of Hoosiers).&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| {{wagayway|Iowa}}
|
* '''[[Hawkeye State]]'''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| title=Iowa State Nickname – &quot;The Hawkeye State&quot;| url=http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/Iowa/nickname_hawkeye.html| publisher=State Symbols USA| accessdate=Mayo 24, 2013| archive-date=2018-12-24| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224225255/https://statesymbolsusa.org/Iowa/nickname_hawkeye.html%20| url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Land of the Rolling Prairie
* Corn State

|-
| {{wagayway|Kansas}}
|
* America's Bread Basket
* Wheat State (dati nga inus-usar kadagiti [[Dagiti plata ti panagrehistro ti karro ti Kansas|plata ti lisensia]])
*Home of Beautiful Women&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.roadsideamerica.com/attract/KSPRAwatertowers.html |title=Kansas Signage |accessdate=2007-03-26 |publisher=roadsideamerica.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*Central State&lt;ref name=nie /&gt;
*'''Sunflower State'''&lt;ref name=nie /&gt;
|-
| {{wagayway|Kentucky}}
|
* '''[[Poa pratensis|Bluegrass]] State''' (agdama nga inus-usar kadagiti [[Dagiti plata ti panagrehistro ti karro ti Kentucky|plata ti lisensia]])&lt;ref name=&quot;ky&quot;&gt;[http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/ky_intro.htm Introduction to Kentucky] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160411093953/http://netstate.com/states/intro/ky_intro.htm |date=2016-04-11 }}, 50 States.&lt;/ref&gt;
* Corn-cracker State (naireporta idi 1881)&lt;ref name=PopikSmoky /&gt;
* The Dark and Bloody Ground State (ti maysa  panangibaga kadagiti gubat a nagbaetan dagiti tribu ti [[Tattao a Creek|Creek]], [[Shawnee]], [[Chickasaw]], ken [[Cherokee]])&lt;ref name=ky /&gt;
*[[Hemp]] State&lt;ref name=ky /&gt;
* [[Tobacco]] State&lt;ref name=ky /&gt;
|-
| {{wagayway|Louisiana}}
|
* [[Bayou]] State (dati nga inus-usar kadagiti [[Dagiti plata ti panagrehistro ti karro ti Louisiana|plata ti lisensia]])
* Child of the Mississippi
* [[Louisiana Creole people|Creole]] State&lt;ref name=nie /&gt;
*Fisherman's Paradise
*[[Netherlands|Holland]] of America
* '''[[Brown pelican|Pelican]] State'''&lt;ref name=nie /&gt;
* Sportsman's Paradise&lt;!-- see [[Louisiana]] Talk page --&gt; (agdama nga inus-usar kadagiti plata ti lisensia)
* Sugar State
|-
| {{wagayway|Maine}}
|
* ''' Vacationland'''  (agdama nga inus-usar kadagiti [[Dagiti plata ti panagrehistro ti karro ti Maine|plata ti lisensia]])
* '''[[Pine]] Tree State'''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.50states.com/bio/nickname2.htm |title=State Nicknames |publisher=50states.com |date= |accessdate=2013-05-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; (Kadua nga opisial iti Vacationland)
* Lumber State&lt;ref name=nie /&gt;
|-
| {{wagayway|Maryland}}
|
* America in Miniature&lt;ref&gt;Judy Colbert, ''Off the Beaten Path: Maryland and Delaware'', 8th ed., 2007, {{ISBN|978-0-7627-4418-3}}.&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Chesapeake Bay|Chesapeake]] State&lt;ref name=&quot;netmd&quot; /&gt;
* [[Cockade]] State&lt;ref name=&quot;netmd&quot; /&gt;
* Crab State{{Citation needed|date=Abril 2009}}
* Free State&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | first= | last= | authorlink= | title=Nicknames: America's 50 States (Third of Four Parts) | date=2008-01-19 | publisher=VOA Special English program | url=http://www.voanews.com/specialenglish/archive/2008-01/2008-01-16-voa2.cfm | work=Voice of America | pages= | accessdate=2009-01-04 | language= | archive-date=2019-01-07 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107145720/https://learningenglish.voanews.com/ | url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Monumental State&lt;ref name=&quot;netmd&quot; /&gt;
* '''Old Line State'''&lt;ref name=&quot;netmd&quot; /&gt;
* [[Oyster]] State&lt;ref name=&quot;netmd&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/md_intro.htm |title=The State of Maryland – An Introduction to the Old Line State from |publisher=Netstate.Com |date= |accessdate=2013-05-24 |archive-date=2018-12-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224225306/http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/md_intro.htm%20 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Henrietta Maria of France|Queen]] State&lt;ref name=&quot;netmd&quot; /&gt;
* [[Diamondback terrapin|Terrapin]] State&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.msa.md.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc2900/sc2908/html/oldline.html |title=Archives of Maryland Online |access-date=2011-12-20 |archive-date=2012-05-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120503092142/http://www.msa.md.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc2900/sc2908/html/oldline.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| {{wagayway|Massachusetts}}
|
*[[baked beans|Baked Bean]] State&lt;ref name=mass /&gt;
*Codfish State (formerly represented on plata ti lisensia by a codfish)
* '''The Bay State'''&lt;ref name=&quot;mass&quot;&gt;[http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/ma_intro.htm Introduction to Massachusetts] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170813143816/http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/ma_intro.htm |date=2017-08-13 }}, 50 States, naala idi Abril 24, 2009.&lt;/ref&gt;
* The Commonwealth{{Citation needed|date=Abril 2009}}
* Old Colony State&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/368402/Massachusetts Massachusetts (state, United States)], [[Encyclopædia Britannica|Britannica Online]], naala idi Abril 24, 2009.&lt;/ref&gt;
*Pilgrim State&lt;ref name=mass /&gt;
*The Spirit of America (agdama nga inus-usar kadagiti [[Dagiti plata ti panagrehistro ti karro ti Massachusetts|plata ti lisensia]])
* The People's Republic of Massachusetts (colloquial)
* Taxachusetts (colloquial)&lt;ref&gt;Andrew Ryan,
[http://www.boston.com/news/globe/city_region/breaking_news/2007/04/report_taxachus.html Report: 'Taxachusetts' label remains part of Massachusetts' past] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121022003454/http://www.boston.com/news/globe/city_region/breaking_news/2007/04/report_taxachus.html |date=2012-10-22 }}, ''Boston Globe'', Abril 6, 2007.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Daniel J. Flynn, [http://www.forbes.com/2008/10/22/massachusetts-income-tax-oped-cx_df_1022flynn.html 'Taxachusetts' no more?], ''Forbes'', Oktubre 22, 2008.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,433702,00.html 'Taxachusetts' Voters Mayo Eliminate State Income Tax] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121026071950/http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,433702,00.html |date=2012-10-26 }}, Fox News, Oktubre 7, 2008.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Michael D. Shear, [http://voices.washingtonpost.com/44/2007/12/12/giuliani_backers_attack_taxach.html Giuliani Backers Attack 'Taxachusetts Romney'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525063229/http://voices.washingtonpost.com/44/2007/12/12/giuliani_backers_attack_taxach.html |date=2017-05-25 }}, ''The Washington Post'', Disiembre 12, 2007.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4111010 Slate's Chatterbox: The Myth of 'Taxachusetts'], National Public Radio, Oktubre 15, 2004.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| {{wagayway|Michigan}}
|
* '''The [[Great Lakes]] State''' (dati nga inus-usar kadagiti [[Dagiti plata ti panagrehistro ti karro ti Michigan|plata ti lisensia]])
* Murder Mitten
* Winter Water Wonderland (dati nga inus-usar kadagiti plata ti lisensia)
* the Wolverine State&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last1=Holland|first1=Meegan|title=Death of Michigan's only Wolverine brings up question: Why are we still the Wolverine State?|url=http://www.mlive.com/news/index.ssf/2010/03/michigans_wolverine_is_dead_no.html|accessdate=14 Septiembre 2015|publisher=MLive|date=15 Marso 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* The World's Motor Capital
* Mitten State
* America's High Five
|-
| {{wagayway|Minnesota}}
|
* Butter Country
* Gopher State&lt;ref name=nie /&gt;
* Land of 10,000 Lakes (&quot;10,000 Lakes&quot; agdama nga inus-usar kadagiti [[Dagiti plata ti panagrehistro ti karro ti Minnesota|plata ti lisensia]])
* Land of Lakes
* Land of Sky-Blue Waters
* New England of the West&lt;ref name=nie /&gt;
* '''North Star State'''
* State of Hockey&lt;ref&gt;Jess Myers, [http://sports.espn.go.com/nhl/allstar2004/columns/story?id=1724057 Hockey roots run deep in Minnesota], ESPN.com, Pebrero 10, 2004&lt;/ref&gt;
* Vikings State
* Bread and Butter State&lt;ref name=nie /&gt;
|-
| {{wagayway|Mississippi}}
|
* Hospitality State (dati nga inus-usar kadagiti [[Dagiti plata ti panagrehistro ti karro ti Mississippi|plata ti lisensia]])
* '''[[Magnolia grandiflora|Magnolia]] State'''
* The South's Warmest Welcome
* The Birthplace of America's Music (agdama nga being inus-usar kadagiti [[Dagiti plata ti panagrehistro ti karro ti Mississippi|plata ti lisensia]])
* The Bayou State&lt;ref name=nie /&gt;
|-
| {{wagayway|Missouri}}
|
* [[Gold bullion|Bullion]] State&lt;ref name=nie /&gt;
* [[Cave]] State
* Gateway State
* [[Bellwether]] State
* Lead State
* The Great Rivers State
* The State of Misery (colloquial)
* [[The Ozarks|Ozark]] State
* Puke State&lt;ref&gt;[http://blogs.riverfronttimes.com/dailyrft/2012/01/pig_map_pukes_suckers_state_nickname.php] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150427032751/http://blogs.riverfronttimes.com/dailyrft/2012/01/pig_map_pukes_suckers_state_nickname.php |date=2015-04-27 }} Riverfront Times, Enero 10, 2012&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''Show-Me State''' (agdama nga inus-usar kadagiti [[Dagiti plata ti panagrehistro ti karro ti Missouri|plata ti lisensia]])
|-
| {{wagayway|Montana}}
|
* Big Sky Country (agdama nga inus-usar kadagiti [[Dagiti plata ti panagrehistro ti karro ti Montana|plata ti lisensia]])
* The Last Best Place&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/18/us/18trademark.html?_r=1&amp;em In Montana, a Popular Expression Is Taken Off the Endangered List] New York Times, Agosto 17, 2008; Naala idi Pebrero 28, 2011&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''Treasure State''' (dati nga inus-usar kadagiti plata ti lisensia)
|-
| {{wagayway|Nebraska}}
|
* Beef State (dati nga inus-usar kadagiti [[Dagiti plata ti panagrehistro ti karro ti Nebraska|plata ti lisensia]])
* '''Cornhusker State''' (dati nga inus-usar kadagiti plata ti lisensia)&lt;ref&gt;[http://nebraskalegislature.gov/laws/statutes.php?statute=90-101], Nebraska Rev. Stat. §&amp;nbsp;90-101, naala idi Nob, 4, 2013&lt;/ref&gt;
* Tree Planter's State
* Bugeating State&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/ne_intro.htm |title=Archive copy |access-date=2016-08-17 |archive-date=2016-04-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160405190108/http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/ne_intro.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Blackwater State&lt;ref name=nie /&gt;
* The Good Life (as seen on state border signs)
|-
| {{wagayway|Nevada}}
|
* Battle Born State (mangibagbaga iti kinapudno a ti Nevada ket timmipon iti Kappon idi las-ud ti [[Sibil  gubat ti Amerikano|Sibil a Gubat]])
* [[Artemisia tridentata|Sagebrush]] State
* '''[[Silver]] State''' (agdama nga inus-usar kadagiti [[Dagiti plata ti panagrehistro ti karro ti Nevada|plata ti lisensia]])
|-
| {{wagayway|New Hampshire}}
|
* '''[[Granite]] State'''&lt;ref name=&quot;NHnickname&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url =http://www.nh.gov/nhinfo/fastfact.html | title =New Hampshire Almanac &gt;Fast New Hampshire Facts  | work =State of New Hampshire official website | accessdate =Oktubre 12, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* The Live Free or Die State (official motto)
* Mother of Rivers&lt;ref name=NHnickname /&gt;
* [[White Mountains (New Hampshire)|White Mountain]] State&lt;ref name=NHnickname /&gt;
|-
| {{wagayway|New Jersey}}
|
* '''Garden State''' (agdama nga inus-usar kadagiti [[Dagiti plata ti panagrehistro ti karro ti New Jersey|plata ti lisensia]])
*[[Crossroads of the American Revolution Association|The Crossroads of the Revolution]] (dati nga inus-usar kadagiti plata ti lisensia)
* The Tomato State
|-
| {{wagayway|New Mexico}}
|
* [[Cactus]] State&lt;ref name=SHG-NM /&gt;
* The Colorful State
* '''Land of Enchantment'''&lt;ref&gt;New Mexico Revised Statutes, Sec. 12-3-4-N, naala idi Nob, 4, 2013&lt;/ref&gt; (agdama nga inus-usar kadagiti [[Dagiti plata ti panagrehistro ti karro ti New Mexico|plata ti lisensia]])
* Land of Sunshine (predates &quot;Land of Enchantment&quot;; this earlier nickname highlighted the large percentage of sunshine received statewide)&lt;ref name=&quot;SHG-NM&quot;&gt;[http://www.shgresources.com/nm/symbols/names/ New Mexico Symbols, State Names]{{Natay a silpo|date=August 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, SHG Resources website, accessed Hulio 7, 2008&lt;/ref&gt;
* New [[Andalusia]]&lt;ref name=SHG-NM /&gt;
* The Outer Space State
* The Spanish State{{Citation needed|date=Oktubre 2008}}
|-
| {{wagayway|New York}}
|
* '''[[Empire State]]''' (agdama nga inus-usar kadagiti [[Dagiti plata ti panagrehistro ti karro ti New York|plata ti lisensia]])&lt;ref name=nie /&gt;
* Excelsior State&lt;ref name=nie /&gt;
|-
| {{wagayway|North Carolina}}
|
* Old North State&lt;ref name=&quot;nc&quot;&gt;[http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/nc_intro.htm Introduction to North Carolina] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160323161110/http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/nc_intro.htm |date=2016-03-23 }}, 50 States, naala idi Pebrero 28, 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''[[Tar Heel]] State'''&lt;ref name=nc /&gt;
* [[Turpentine]] State&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | first= | last=  | title=Why We are Called Tar Heels | date= | publisher=UNC Libraries | url =http://www.lib.unc.edu/ncc/tarheel.html | work = | pages = | accessdate = 2008-01-26 | language =}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Variety Vacationland&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.lib.unc.edu/ncc/vacationland/index.html Variety Vacationland Postcard Exhibit] Naala idi Pebrero 28, 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Rip Van Winkle]] State
* [[Land of the Sky]]
* First in Flight State (agdama nga inus-usar kadagiti [[Dagiti plata ti panagrehistro ti karro ti North Carolina|plata ti lisensia]])
|-
| {{wagayway|North Dakota}}
|
* [[Richardson's ground squirrel|Flickertail]] State
* '''[[International Peace Garden|Peace Garden]] State''' (agdama nga inus-usar kadagiti [[Dagiti plata ti panagrehistro ti karro ti North Dakota|plata ti lisensia]])
* [[Rough Riders|Rough Rider]] State
* [[Sioux]] State
|-
| {{wagayway|Ohio}}
|
* '''[[Ohio Buckeye|Buckeye]] State'''&lt;ref name=PopikSmoky /&gt;
* Birthplace of Aviation&lt;ref name=OH&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.enquirer.com/editions/2003/06/14/loc_ohioflight14.html |title=It's official: Ohio IS the birthplace of aviation |accessdate=2007-04-06 |date=2003-06-14 |publisher=The Cincinnati Enquirer }}{{Natay a silpo|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; (agdama nga inus-usar kadagiti [[Dagiti plata ti panagrehistro ti karro ti Ohio|plata ti lisensia]])
* Mother of Modern Presidents
*The Heart Of It All&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eJfQouwIMNgC&amp;lpg=PP1&amp;pg=PA293#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false | title=Mr. E. 2003: Manifest Lessons from Ohio's Bicentennial Celebration | publisher=iUniverse | author=Elkins, Keith A. | year=2011 | pages=293}}&lt;/ref&gt; (formerly inus-usar kadagiti [[Dagiti plata ti panagrehistro ti karro ti Ohio|plata ti lisensia]])

|-
| {{wagayway|Oklahoma}}
|
*Native America (agdama nga inus-usar kadagiti [[Dagiti plata ti panagrehistro ti karro ti Oklahoma|plata ti lisensia]])
* Land of the Red Man
* '''[[Sooners|Sooner]] State'''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | first= | last= | authorlink= | title=Nicknames: America's 50 States (Fourth of Four Parts) | date=2008-01-26 | publisher=VOA Special English program | url=http://www.voanews.com/specialenglish/archive/2008-01/2008-01-16-voa3.cfm | work=Voice of America | pages= | accessdate=2009-01-04 | language= | archive-date=2019-01-10 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190110051120/https://learningenglish.voanews.com/ | url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;!-- though &quot;official&quot; is the wrong word in this case --&gt;&lt;!-- though &quot;official&quot; is the wrong word in this case --&gt;
|-
| {{wagayway|Oregon}}
|
* '''[[American beaver|Beaver]] State'''
* Union State
* Pacific Wonderland (dati nga inus-usar kadagiti [[Dagiti plata ti panagrehistro ti karro ti Oregon|plata ti lisensia]] ken agdama a magun-od iti manayonan iti bayad a plata)&lt;ref name=OR&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.plateshack.com/oregon/oregon3.html |title=Oregon's license plate from 1960 to circa 1966 |accessdate=2007-07-12 |publisher=Plate Shack}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Sunset State
* Webfoot State&lt;ref name=nie /&gt;
|-
| {{wagayway|Pennsylvania}}
|
* [[Liberty Bell]] State
* Independence State
* '''[[Keystone (architecture)|Keystone]] State''' (dati nga inus-usar kadagiti [[Dagiti plata ti panagrehistro ti karro ti Pennsylvania|plata ti lisensia]])&lt;ref name=PopikSmoky /&gt;
* [[Religious Society of Friends|Quaker]] State
* Toll Booth State&lt;ref name=&quot;Daniel B. Klein, and John Majewski&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Turnpikes and Toll Roads in Nineteenth Century America|url=http://eh.net/encyclopedia/article/klein.majewski.turnpikes|accessdate=8 Nobiembre 2012|archive-date=2018-12-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224225234/http://eh.net/encyclopedia/article/klein.majewski.turnpikes|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| {{wagayway|Puerto Rico}}
|
* '''Isla del Encanto''' (&quot;Island of Enchantment&quot;) (agdama nga inus-usar kadagiti [[Dagiti plata ti panagrehistro ti karro ti Puerto Rico|plata ti lisensia]])
* Borinquen (nagan nga inted babaen dagiti indehenio a tatao, dagiti tattao a Taino)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.yale.edu/ynhti/curriculum/units/1998/3/98.03.04.x.html |title=98.03.04: The Taínos of Puerto Rico: Rediscovering Borinquen |publisher=Yale.edu |date= |accessdate=2013-05-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* The Shining Star of the Caribbean
* Progress Island&lt;ref&gt;Progress Island U.S.A.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| {{wagayway|Rhode Island}}
|
* Little Rhody&lt;ref name=PopikSmoky /&gt;
* '''Ocean State''' (agdama nga inus-usar kadagiti [[Dagiti plata ti panagrehistro ti karro ti Rhode Island|plata ti lisensia]])
|-
| {{wagayway|South Carolina}}
|
* '''[[Sabal palmetto|Palmetto State]]'''&lt;ref name=PopikSmoky /&gt;
* Sandlapper State
* [[Iodine]] Products State (saanen a maus-usar)&lt;ref name=SC&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.scencyclopedia.com/iodine.htm |title=Iodine |accessdate=2007-04-06 |date=2007-04-14 |publisher=South Carolina Encyclopedia |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060519125741/http://www.scencyclopedia.com/iodine.htm |archivedate=2006-05-19 |access-date=2011-12-20 |archive-date=2006-05-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060519125741/http://www.scencyclopedia.com/iodine.htm }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060519125741/http://www.scencyclopedia.com/iodine.htm |date=2006-05-19 }}&lt;/ref&gt; (dati nga inus-usar kadagiti [[Dagiti plata ti panagrehistro ti karro ti South Carolina|plata ti lisensia]])
|-
| {{wagayway|South Dakota}}
|
* [[Artesian aquifer|Artesian]] State&lt;ref name=SHG-SD /&gt;
* [[Blizzard]] State&lt;ref name=SHG-SD /&gt;
* [[Coyote]] State&lt;ref name=&quot;SHG-SD&quot;&gt;[http://www.shgresources.com/sd/symbols/names/ South Dakota Symbols, State Names] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130616172203/http://www.shgresources.com/sd/symbols/names/ |date=2013-06-16 }}, SHG Resources website, accessed Hulio 7, 2008&lt;/ref&gt;
* Land of Infinite Variety
* '''The [[Mount Rushmore]] State'''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url= http://legis.state.sd.us/statutes/DisplayStatute.aspx?Type=Statute&amp;Statute=1-6-16.5|title= South Dakota Laws 1-6-16.5|accessdate= Nobiembre 4, 2013|archive-date= 2013-11-05|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131105050718/http://legis.state.sd.us/statutes/DisplayStatute.aspx?Type=Statute&amp;Statute=1-6-16.5|url-status= dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105050718/http://legis.state.sd.us/statutes/DisplayStatute.aspx?Type=Statute&amp;Statute=1-6-16.5 |date=2013-11-05 }}&lt;/ref&gt; (officially adopted in 1980 in place of the former nickname of Sunshine State)&lt;ref name=SHG-SD /&gt;
* Sunshine State&lt;ref name=SHG-SD /&gt;
|-
| {{wagayway|Tennessee}}
|
* Big Bend State (mangibagbaga iti [[Karayan Tennessee]])&lt;ref name=&quot;TNbluebook&quot;&gt;[http://www.state.tn.us/sos/bluebook/07-08/46-Symbols%20&amp;%20Honors.pdf Tennessee Symbols and Honors], iti Tennessee Blue Book&lt;/ref&gt;
* Butternut State (refers to the tan color of the uniforms worn by Tennessee soldiers in the [[American Civil War]])&lt;ref name=TNbluebook /&gt;
* Hog and [[Hominy]] State&lt;ref name=TNbluebook /&gt;
* The Mother of Southwestern Statesmen&lt;ref name=TNbluebook /&gt;
* '''Volunteer State'''&lt;ref name=TNbluebook /&gt; (agdama nga inus-usar kadagiti [[Dagiti plata ti panagrehistro ti karro ti Tennessee|plata ti lisensia]])
|-
| {{wagayway|Texas}}
|
* Friendship State&lt;ref name=&quot;ELT&quot;&gt;{{cite news | url=http://www.enchantedlearning.com/usa/states/texas/ | title=Texas:Facts, Map, and State Symbols | work=EnchantedLearing.com | accessdate=2008-03-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''Lone Star State'''&lt;ref name=PopikSmoky /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ELT&quot; /&gt; (agdama nga inus-usar kadagiti [[Dagiti plata ti panagrehistro ti karro ti Texas|plata ti lisensia]])
* Chili State
|-
| {{wagayway|Utah}}
|
* '''Beehive State'''
* [[Mormon]] State&lt;ref name=mormon&gt;{{cite web  | url = http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/ut_intro.htm  | title = NetState: Utah  | accessdate = 2008-03-24  | archive-date = 2018-12-24  | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181224225238/http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/ut_intro.htm%20  | url-status = dead  }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Friendly State (formerly inus-usar kadagiti [[Dagiti plata ti panagrehistro ti karro ti Utah|plata ti lisensia]])&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title =
State it on a plate — Over the years, slogans, designs have taken some poetic license | publisher =
Deseret News | url =
http://www.deseretnews.com/article/1,5143,660210998,00.html?pg=1 | access-date =
2011-12-20 | archive-date =
2009-08-22 | archive-url =
https://web.archive.org/web/20090822222036/http://www.deseretnews.com/article/1,5143,660210998,00.html?pg=1 | url-status =
dead }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090822222036/http://www.deseretnews.com/article/1,5143,660210998,00.html?pg=1 |date=2009-08-22 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| {{wagayway|Vermont}}
|
* '''Green Mountain State'''&lt;ref name=PopikSmoky /&gt; (agdama nga inus-usar kadagiti [[Dagiti plata ti panagrehistro ti karro ti Vermont|plata ti lisensia]])
|-
| {{wagayway|Virginia}}
|
* Mother of Presidents&lt;ref name=nie /&gt;
* Mother of States&lt;ref name=nie /&gt;
* '''The Old Dominion'''&lt;ref name=PopikSmoky /&gt;
* The Commonwealth
|-
| {{wagayway|Washington}}
|
* '''Evergreen State'''&lt;ref name=&quot;WA&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title = Symbols of Washington State | publisher = Washington State Legislature | url = http://www.leg.wa.gov/Symbols/Pages/default.aspx | accessdate =2012-08-16}}&lt;/ref&gt; (agdama nga inus-usar kadagiti [[Dagiti plata ti panagrehistro ti karro ti Washington|plata ti lisensia]])
* Apple State
|-
| {{wagayway|West Virginia}}
|
* '''Mountain State''' (dati nga inus-usar kadagiti [[Dagiti plata ti panagrehistro ti karro ti West Virginia|plata ti lisensia]])
* Almost Heaven
* Panhandle State&lt;ref name=nie /&gt;
|-
| {{wagayway|Wisconsin}}&lt;br /&gt;(Awan ti opisial a birngas)&lt;ref name=&quot;WI BB&quot;&gt;&quot;[http://legis.wisconsin.gov/lrb/bb/05bb/965-970.pdf Wisconsin State Symbols] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004224939/http://legis.wisconsin.gov/lrb/bb/05bb/965-970.pdf |date=2013-10-04 }}&quot; in ''Wisconsin Blue Book 2005–2006'', p. 966. Wisconsin has no Official nickname.&lt;/ref&gt;
|
* Cheese State
* [[American badger|Badger]] State&lt;ref name=nie&gt;{{Cite NIE|wstitle=States, Popular Names of}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* America's Dairyland&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=PRqCCp3svlwC&amp;pg=PA5#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false |page= 5 |title= Wisconsin: It's my state! |first1= Margaret |last1= Dornfeld |first2= Richard |last2= Hantula |publisher= Marshall Cavendish |year= 2010 |isbn= 978-1-60870-062-2}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=E9bt2QhyFIsC |title= Names and Nicknames of Places and Things |publisher= Penguin Group USA |first= Laurence |last= Urdang |year= 1988 |isbn= 978-0-452-00907-3 |page= 8 |quote=&quot;America's Dairyland&quot; A nickname of Wisconsin}}&lt;/ref&gt; (Adda pay iti plata ti lisensia manipud iti linteg ti estado idi 1939)&lt;ref name=&quot;WI BB&quot; /&gt;
* The Copper State (historikal)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=fVoYAAAAIAAJ |title= Nicknames and sobriquets of U.S. cities, States, and counties |first= Joseph Nathan |last= Kane |first2= Gerard L. |last2= Alexander |publisher= Scarecrow Press |year= 1979 |page= 412 |isbn= 978-0-8108-1255-0 |quote= Wisconsin – America's Dairyland, The Badger State … The Copper State …}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=iCEl1sqlZLQC&amp;pg=PA10#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false |title= Wisconsin Encyclopedia, American Guide |first= Jennifer L. |last= Herman |publisher= North American Book Dist LLC |year= 2008 |page= 10 |isbn= 978-1-878592-61-3 |quote= Nicknames Wisconsin is generally known as The Badger State, or America's Dairyland, although in the past it has been nicknamed The Copper State.}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| {{wagayway|Wyoming}}
|
* Cowboy State
* '''Equality State'''
* Park State
* Like No Place On Earth
* Forever West (Adda kadagiti senial ti panagpasangbay iti kalsada)
|}

== Dagiti nagibasaran ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Kategoria:Estados Unidos]]</text>
      <sha1>t88eecblvw46rjmn3v31ja9nxggri4h</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Amianan nga Amerika</title>
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      <text bytes="34377" sha1="mhhz6orv973oxjt3364ba4y23olgn5w" xml:space="preserve">{{Napili nga artikulo}}{{Infobox kontinente
|title = Amianan nga Amerika
|image               = [[Papeles:Location North America.svg|200px]]
|area                = {{pagbaliwen|24709000|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|population          = 565,265,000 (2013, [[Listaan dagiti kontinente babaen ti populasion|Maika-4]])
|density             = 22.9/km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (59.3/sq mi)&lt;ref group=note&gt;Daytoy a pigura ti densidad ti Amianan nga Amerika ket naibatay iti dagup a kalawa ti daga iti 23,090,542 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; laeng, ad-adu bassit ngem iti dagup a naitiptipon a kalawa ti daga ken danum iti 24,709,000 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt;
|GDP_nominal         = $20.3 trilion (2013, [[Listaan dagiti kontinente babaen ti GDP (nominal)|Maika-2]])
|GDP_PPP             = $20.9 trilion (2013, Maika-2)
|demonym             = Taga-Amianan nga Amerika
|countries           = 23
|list_countries      = Listaan dagiti naturay nga estado ken dagiti agkamkammatalek a teritorio idiay Amianan nga Amerika
|dependencies        = 22 (kitaen ti [[Listaan dagiti naturay nga estado ken dagiti agkamkammatalek a teritorio idiay Amianan nga Amerika|listaan ti pagpagilian]])
|languages           = [[Pagsasao nga Ingles|Ingles]], [[Pagsasao nga Espaniol|Espaniol]], [[Pagsasao a Pranses|Pranses]], ken [[Dagiti pagsasao ti Amianan nga Amerika|dadduma pay]]
|time                = [[UTC-10]] aginggana ti [[UTC±0|UTC]]
|cities              = [[Listaan dagiti siudad ti Amianan nga Amerika babaen ti populasion]]&lt;br /&gt;{{wagaywayikono|Méhiko}} [[Siudad ti Mehiko]]&lt;br /&gt;{{wagaywayikono|Estados Unidos}} [[Siudad ti New York]]&lt;br /&gt;{{wagaywayikono|Estados Unidos}} [[Los Angeles]]&lt;br /&gt;{{wagaywayikono|Kanada}} [[Toronto]]&lt;br /&gt;{{wagaywayikono|Estados Unidos}} [[Chicago]]&lt;br /&gt;{{wagaywayikono|Estados Unidos}} [[Houston]]&lt;br /&gt;{{wagaywayikono|Kubá }} [[Havana]]&lt;br /&gt;{{wagaywayikono|Méhiko}} [[Guadalajara]]&lt;br /&gt;{{wagaywayikono|Kanada}}  [[Montreal]]&lt;br /&gt;{{wagaywayikono|Estados Unidos}} [[Philadelphia]]
}}

Ti '''Amianan nga Amerika''' ket ti [[kontinente]] a sibubukel iti uneg ti [[Akin-amianan a Hemisperio]] ken gangani a sibubukel iti uneg ti [[Akinlaud a Hemisperio]]. Daytoy ket mabalin pay a maikeddeng nga akin-amianan a [[subkontinente]] ti [[Kaamerikaan]].&lt;ref name=britannica-northamerica&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/418612/North-America|title = North America|publisher = [[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|accessdate = 2014-02-03}}&lt;/ref&gt; Daytoy ket nabeddengan iti amianan babaen ti [[Taaw Artiko]], iti daya babaen ti [[Taaw Atlantiko]], iti laud ken abagatan babaen ti [[Taaw Pasipiko]], ken iti abagatan a daya babaen ti [[Abagatan nga Amerika]] ken ti [[Baybay Karibe]].

Ti Amianan nga Amerika ket sakupenna ti kalawa iti agarup a 24,709,000 kuadrado kilkilometro (9,540,000 kuadrado milmilia), ti garup a 4.8% iti rabaw ti planeta wenno agarup a 16.5% iti kalawa ti dagana. Manipud idi 2013, ti populasionna ket nakarkulo iti gangani a 565&amp;nbsp;riwriw a tattao iti ballasiw dagiti [[Listaan dagiti naturay nga estado ken dagiti agkamkammatalek a teritorio idiay Amianan nga Amerika|23 a nawaya nga estado]], a mangirepresenta iti agarup a 7.5% iti populasion ti tao. Kaaduan ti kalawa ti daga ti kontinente ket iturayan babaen ti [[Kanada]], ti [[Estados Unidos]], [[Greenland]], ken ti [[Mehiko]], bayat nga adda met dagiti basssit nga estado kadagiti rehion ti [[Sentral nga Amerika]] ken [[Karibe]]. Ti Amianan nga Amerika ket isu ti maikatlo a kadakkelan a kontinente babaen ti kalawa, kalpasan ti [[Asia]] ken [[Aprika]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/nalandst.htm|title=North America Land Forms and Statistics|publisher=World Atlas.com|accessdate=16 Hunio 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; ken ti [[Listaan dagiti kontinente babaen ti populasion|maikapat]] babaen ti populasion kalpasan ti Asia, Aprika, ken [[Europa]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/nafacts.htm|title=North America Fast Facts|publisher=World Atlas.com|accessdate=16 Hunio 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ti immuna a tattao a nagnaed idiay Amianan nga Amerika ket dagidi [[Dagiti Paleo-indiano|Paleoindiano]] a nangrugrugi a simmangpet idi las-ud ti [[paset ti panawen ti naudi a glasier]] babaen ti panagballasiw ti [[rangtay a daga ti Bering]]. Naggigiddiat dagitoy kadagiti nadumaduma a bilang dagiti dibersio a kultura ken dagiti komunidad iti ballasiw ti kontinente. Ti kadakkelan ken kaaduan nga abanse kadagiti Sakbay ti Kolombiano a sibilisasion idiay Amianan nga Amerika ket dagidi [[Aztec]] idiay idi itan ket ti Mehiko ken ti [[Sibilisasion ti Maya|Maya]] idiay Sentral nga Amerika. Dagiti Europeano a kolonista ket nangrugrugida a simmangpet idi maika-16 ken maika-17 a sigsiglo, ken nagpunas kadagiti dakkel a bilang dagiti patneng a populasion ken nangrugian ti panawen ti Europeano a panagturay.

== Etimolohia ==
[[Papeles:Historisch Nordamerika (cropped).jpg|thumb|Mapa ti Amianan nga Amerika, manipud idi 1621.]]

Ti Kaamerikaan ket kadawyan a maawat nga innaganan idi babaen ti Italiano ng eksplorador a ni [[Amerigo Vespucci]] babaen dagiti Aleman a kartograpo a ni [[Martin Waldseemüller]] ken ni [[Matthias Ringmann]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/626894/Amerigo-Vespucci |title= Amerigo Vespucci |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica |accessdate=7 Hulio 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ni Vespucci, ket isu ti nagsukimat iti Abagatan nga Amerika idi baetan ti 1497 ken 1502, isu idi ti immuna nga [[Europe]]ano a nangisingasing a [[Kaamerikaan|ti Kaamerikaan]] ket saan idi a dagiti [[Dagiti Daya nga India|Daya nga India]], ngem ti sabali a masa ti daga a dati a di ammo babaen dagiti Europeano. Idi 1507, ni Waldseemüller ket nagpataud iti mapa ti lubong, a nangikabilanna ti balikas ti &quot;America&quot; iti kontinente ti Abagatan nga Amerika, idiay tengnga iti tattan ket Barasil. Isu ket nangipalawag iti gapu para iti nagan iti kakkuyogna a libro ti ''Cosmographiae Introductio'':&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=3bOg4Nroos4C |title=The Cosmographiæ Introductio of Martin Waldseemüller in Facsimile |others=Translated by Edward Burke and Mario E. Cosenza, introduction by Joseph Fischer and Franz von Wieser |editor-last=Herbermann |editor-first=Charles George |place=New York |publisher=The United States Catholic Historical Society |year=1907 |page=9 |quote={{lang-la|&quot;Quarta pars per Americum Vesputium (ut in sequentibus audietur) inventa est, quam non video, cur quis jure vetet, ab Americo inventore sagacis ingenii viro Amerigen quasi Americi terram sive Americam dicendam, cum et Europa et Asia a mulieribus sua sortita sint nomina.&quot;}}}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;''{{lang|la|...ab Americo inventore … quasi Americi terram sive Americam}}'' (manipud ken ni Americus ti nangduktal … a kas dagidi ket daga ni Americus, isu a makuna nga America).&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Para ken ni Waldseemüller, ti maysa ket saan koma a manglikud iti panagnagan ti daga kalpasan ti nangduktal. Isu ket nagusar iti nai-Latin a bersion ti nagan ni Vespucci (Americus Vespucius), ngem iti pemenina a porma ti &quot;America&quot;, a sinurot dagiti pagarigan iti &quot;Europa&quot; ken &quot;Asia&quot;.

Kalpasanna, idi dagiti sabali a nagar-aramid ti mapa ket innayonda ti Amianan nga Amerika, innayonda met ti kasisigud a nagan iti daytoy: idi 1538, ni [[Gerard Mercator]] ket inusarna ti nagan nga Amerika kadagiti amin nga Akinlaud a Hemisperio iti mapana iti lubong.&lt;ref name=&quot;Cohen&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.uhmc.sunysb.edu/surgery/america.html |title=The Naming of America: Fragments We've Shored Against Ourselves |author=Jonathan Cohen |accessdate=2014-02-03 |archive-date=2022-04-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220422204007/https://www.uhmc.sunysb.edu/surgery/america.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Adda met dagiti sumuppiat a ti taripnong ket ti panagusar ti apelyido para iti pananginagan kadagiti panagduktal malaksid iti kaso ti naarian ken isu a ti naala manipud iti &quot;Amerigo Vespucci&quot; ket mabalin a problematiko.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Lloyd |first=John |last2=Mitchinson |first2=John |title=The Book of General Ignorance |url=https://archive.org/details/bookofgeneralign00lloy |year=2006 |publisher=Harmony Books |isbn=978-0-307-39491-0 |page=[https://archive.org/details/bookofgeneralign00lloy/page/95 95] |quote=New countries or continents were never named after a person's first name, but always after the second...}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ni Ricardo Palma (1949)ket nangisingasing ti naala manipud iti banbantay &quot;Amerrique&quot; iti Sentral nga Amerika—ni Vespucci ket isu idi ti immuna a nakaduktal ti Abagatan nga Amerika ken ti banbantay ti ''Amerrique'' iti [[Sentral nga Amerika]], a naikonekta kadagiti naduktalanna kadagiti naduktalan ni [[Christopher Columbus]].

Ni [[Alfred Hudd|Alfred E. Hudd]] ket nangisingasing iti teoria idi 1908 a dagiti kontinente ket managanan manipud iti Gales a komersiante nga agnagan iti [[Richard Amerike]] manipud idiay Bristol, a naipampamattian nga isu ti nangpinansia ti panagbanniaga a panagduktal ni [[John Cabot]] manipud idiay Inglatera a napan idiay [[Newfoundland (isla)|Newfoundland]] idi 1497. Ti bassit a nasukimat a pammati a naisingsingasing ket ti Amerika ket naipanagan para iti Espaniol a marinero iti taga-ugma a [[Bisigodo]] a nagan iti 'Amairick'. Ti sabali ket ti nagan a nairamut iti pagsasao a [[Indihenio a tattao iti Kaamerikaan|Patneng nga Amerikano]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Cohen&quot; /&gt;

== Heograpia ==
[[Papeles:North America satellite orthographic.jpg|thumb|Ladawan nga ala ti satelite ti Amianan nga Amerika.]]

Ti Amianan nga Amerika ket sakupenna ti akin-amianan a paset ti masa ti daga kadawyan a naibagbaga a kas ti [[Baro a Lubong]], ti [[Akinlaud a Hemisperio]], [[Kaamerikaan|ti Kaamerikaan]], wenno ti laeng Amerika (a saan unay a kadawyan, ken inkeddeng ti dadduma a kas agmaymaysa a [[kontinente]]&lt;ref name=IOC&gt;{{cite web
|url=http://multimedia.olympic.org/pdf/en_report_672.pdf
|format=PDF
|title=The Olympic symbols
|publisher=International Olympic Committee
|year=2002
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080307073846/http://multimedia.olympic.org/pdf/en_report_672.pdf
|archivedate=7 Marso 2008
|location=Lausanne: Olympic Museum and Studies Centre
}} Dagiti lima a singsing ti wagayway ti Olimpiada ket mangirepresenta kadagiti lima a natataengan, nakibingbinglay a kontinente ([http://www.moscow2001.olympic.org/en/pdf/members_by_continent.pdf Aprika, Amerika, Asia, Europa, ken Oceania] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020223205800/http://www.moscow2001.olympic.org/en/pdf/members_by_continent.pdf |date=2002-02-23 }}).&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Oceano&gt;{{cite book|title=Océano Uno, Diccionario Enciclopédico y Atlas Mundial |chapter=Continente |pages=392, 1730 |isbn=84-494-0188-7}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=cincocontinentes&gt;{{cite book|title=Los Cinco Continentes (The Five Continents) |publisher=Planeta-De Agostini Editions |year=1997 |isbn=84-395-6054-0}}&lt;/ref&gt; a ti Amianan nga Amerika ket [[subkontinente]]).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Encarta, &quot;Norteamérica&quot;|url=http://mx.encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761562468/Norteam%C3%A9rica.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090130015145/http://mx.encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761562468/Norteam%C3%A9rica.html|archivedate=2009-01-30|url-status=dead|language=Espaniol|access-date=2015-01-29}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ti laeng koneksion iti daga ti Amianan nga Amerika iti [[Abagatan nga Amerika]] ket ti [[Ismo ti Panama]]. Ti kontinente ket pinatinggaan iti abagatan a daya babaen dagiti kaaduan a heograpo idiay [[Sawang Darién|pagayusan a labneng ti Darién]] idiay igid ti pagbeddengan ti [[Colombia]]-[[Panama]], ken manggikabil daytoy iti amin a paset ti Panama iti uneg ti Amianan nga Amerika.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://unstats.un.org/unsd/methods/m49/m49regin.htm#americas |title=Americas |work=Standard Country and Area Codes Classifications (M49) |publisher=United Nations Statistics Division |accessdate=2014-02-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://atlas.nrcan.gc.ca/site/english/maps/reference/international/north_america/referencemap_image_view |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061021010223/http://atlas.nrcan.gc.ca/site/english/maps/reference/international/north_america/referencemap_image_view |archivedate=2006-10-21 |title=North America |work=Atlas of Canada}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;North America Atlas&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.nationalgeographic.com/xpeditions/atlas/index.html?Parent=nameri&amp;Rootmap=&amp;Mode=d&amp;SubMode=w |title=North America Atlas |publisher=National Geographic |access-date=2015-01-29 |archive-date=2003-10-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031024172731/http://www.nationalgeographic.com/xpeditions/atlas/index.html?Parent=nameri&amp;Rootmap=&amp;Mode=d&amp;SubMode=w |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iti pay sabali, adda met dagiti heolohista a pisiograpiko a mangikabil iti akin-abagatan a patinggana iti [[Ismo ti Tehuantepec]], [[Mehiko]], a ti Sentral nga Amerika ket gumay-at nga agpaabagatan a daya idiay Abagatan nga Amerika iti daytoy a puntos.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Central America|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/102196/Central-America|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica|accessdate=28 Hunio 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ti is-isla ti [[Karibe]], wenno dagiti Laud nga India, ket naikeddeng dagitoy a paset ti Amianan nga Amerika.&lt;ref name=britannica-northamerica /&gt;

Sakbay a naipangato ti ismo ti Sentral nga Ameriaka, ti rehion ket adda idi iti sirok ti danum. Dagiti isla ti [[Dagiti Laud nga India|Laud nga India]] ket mangmarka ti dati a limned a [[rangtay ti daga]], a nangisilpo idi ti Aamianan nga Amerika ken Abagatan nga Amerika babaen tattan ti [[Florida]] ken [[Venezuela]]. Ti aplaya ti kontinente ket atiddog ken saan a kadawyan. Ti [[Golpo ti Mehiko]] ket isu ti kadakkelan a bagi ti danum a manglennek ti kontine, ken sarunuen daytoy babaen ti [[Luek Hudson]]. Dagiti dadduma pay ket mairaman ti [[Golpo ti San Lorenso]] ken ti [[Golpo ti California]].

Adda dagiti nadumaduma nga isla iti aplaya ti kontinente, kangrunaan ti [[Purpuro ti Artiko ti Kanada|Purpuro Artiko]], ti [[Bahamas]], [[Turks ken Caicos]], ti [[Kalatakan nga Antila|Kalatakan]] ken [[Basbassit nga Antila]], ti [[Is-isla Aleutiano]] ti dadduma ket adda iti maitutop nga [[Akindaya a Hemisperio]]), ti [[Purpuro Alejandro]], dagiti adu a rinibu nga isla iti [[Aplaya ti British Columbia]], ken ti [[Newfoundland (isla)|Newfoundland]]. [[Greenland]], ti bukod nga agturturay a [[Dinamarka|Danes]] nga isla, ken ti [[listaan dagiti isla babaen ti kalawa|kadakkelan iti lubong]], ket adda iti isu met laeng a [[tektoniko a plata]] (ti [[Plata ti Amianan nga Amerika]]) ken heograpiko a paset ti Amianan nga Amerika. Iti heoliko a kapanunotan, ti [[Bermuda]] ket saan a paset ti Kaamerikaan, ngem ti maysa nga oseaniko nga isla a naporma idi iti ukap ti [[Pantok ti Tengnga nga Atlantiko]] iti napalabas a 100&amp;nbsp;riwriw a tawtawen. Ti kaasitgan a masa ti daga iti daytoy ket ti [[Cape Hatteras]], [[North Carolina]]. Nupay kasta, Ti Bermuda ket masansan a naipagpagarup a kas paset ti Amianan nga Amerika, a napangpangruna iti gapu ti pakasaritaanna, dagiti pannakaikapet iti politika ken kultura iti [[Virginia]] ken dagiti sabali a parte ti kontinente.
[[Papeles:Moraine Lake.jpg|thumb|left|Ti [[Danaw Moraine]] idiay [[Nailian a Parke Banff]]]]
Ti kaaduan ti Amianan nga Amerika ket adda iti Plata ti Amianan nga Amerika. Dagiti parte ti akinlaud a [[Mehiko]], a mairaman ti [[Baja California]], ken ti [[California]], ken mairaman dagiti siudad ti [[San Diego]], [[Los Angeles]] ken ti parte ti [[San Francisco]], ket mabirukan iti akindaya nga igid ti [[Palata ti Pasipiko]], a dagiti dua a plata ket agsabatda iti igid ti [[Tukki ti San Andreas]]. Ti akin-abagatan unay a paset ti kontinente ken ti kaaduan dagiti [[Karibe|Laud nga India]] ket mabirukan idiay [[Plata ti Karibe]], bayat a dagiti plata ti [[Plata ti Juan de Fuca|Juan de Fuca]] ken [[Plata ti Cocos|Cocos]] ket beddenganna ti Plata ti Amianan nga Amerika iti akinlaud a pronterana.

Ti kontinente ket mabaln a mabingbingay kadagiti uppat a nalatak a rehion (ti tunggal maysa ket aglaon kadagiti adu a subrehion): ti [[Nalatak a Tantanap]] a gumay-at manipud iti [[Golpo ti Mehiko]] aginggana ti [[Akin-amianan a Kanada|Artiko ti Kanada]]; ti heolohiko nga ubing, kabambantayan ti laud, a mairaman ti [[Nabato a Banbantay]], ti [[Nalatak a Labneng]], [[Heograpia ti California|California]] ken [[Alaska]]; ti napangato ngem relatibo a dalumpinas a banak ti [[Kalasag ti Kanada]] iti amianan a daya; ken ti naindumadumaan nga akindaya a rehion, a mangiraman ti [[Banbantay Apalaches]], ti tanap ti aplaya iti igid ti taaw Atlantiko, ken ti peninsula ti Florida. Ti Mehiko, kadagiti atiddog a [[banak]]na ken dagiti [[Kordiliera ti Amerika|kordiliera]], ket kaaduan a maikabil iti akinlaud a rehion, urayno ti akindaya a tanap ti aplaya ket saan a gumay-at iti abagatan ti Golpo.

Dagiti akinlaud a bantay ket nagudua iti tengnga iti nangruna kabambanatayan ti Rockies ken ti [[Kabambantayan ti Aplaya ti Pasipiko|kabambantayan ti aplaya]] idiay California, [[Oregon]], [[Washington (estado)|Washington]], ken ti [[Britaniko a Columbia]], a ti Nalatak a Labneng—ti ab-ababa a lugar nga aglaon kadagiti basbassit a kabambantayan ken dagiti ababa a desierto iti baetanda. Ti kangatuan a pantok ket ti [[Denali]] idiay Alaska.

Inbagbaga ti [https://web.archive.org/web/20120722022527/http://egsc.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html United States Geographical Survey (USGS)] a ti heograpiko a sentro ti Amianan nga Amerika ket &quot;6&amp;nbsp;milmilia iti laud ti [[Balta, North Dakota|Balta, Kondado Pierce , North Dakota]]&quot; iti agarup a {{Coord|48|10|N|100|10|W}}, aproksimado a {{pagbaliwen|15|mi|km|disp=flip}} manipud idiay [[Rugby, North Dakota]]. Ti USGS ket adu pay a nangibagbaga a &quot;Awan ti namarkaan wenno namonumentuan a puntos ti nabangon babaen ti ania man nga ahensia ti gobierno a kas ti heograpiko a sentro kadagiti ania man a 50 nga Es-estado, ti nangruna a daga ti Estados Unidos, wenno ti kontinente ti Amianan nga Amerika.&quot; Nupay kasta, adda maysa a {{pagbaliwen|15|ft|abbr = out|adj = on|disp=flip}} nga [[obelisko]] ti bato idiay Rugby a mangtunton a mangmarka ti sentro.

== Pagpagilian, terteritorio, ken dagiti agkamkammatalek ==
{{Nangruna|Listaan dagiti naturay nga estado ken dagiti agkamkammatalek a teritorio idiay Amianan nga Amerika}}

Dita baba ket ti tabla dagiti pagilian ken dagiti teritorio ti Amianan nga Amerika a nabingbingay kadagiti tallo a batayan a rehion.&lt;ref name=&quot;spp&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.spp.gov/ | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080618182224/http://www.spp.gov/ |archivedate=18 Hunio 2008|title=SPP Background |publisher=Security and Prosperity Partnership Of North America |work=CommerceConnect.gov |accessdate=14 Nobiembre 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;epa&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url= http://www.epa.gov/wed/pages/ecoregions/na_eco.htm |title= Ecoregions of North America |publisher= United States Environmental Protection Agency |accessdate= 30 Mayo 2011 |archive-date= 2015-09-24 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150924144150/http://www.epa.gov/wed/pages/ecoregions/na_eco.htm |url-status= dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=About.com&gt;{{cite web |url=http://geography.about.com/library/faq/blqzamericas.htm |title=What's the difference between North, Latin, Central, Middle, South, Spanish and Anglo America? |website=About.com |access-date=2015-01-29 |archive-date=2016-04-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160410093459/http://geography.about.com/library/faq/blqzamericas.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;border:1px solid #aaa;&quot;
|- style=&quot;background:#ececec;&quot;
! Pagilian wenno teritorio
! [[Listaan dagiti pagilian babaen ti kalawa|Kalawa]]&lt;br /&gt;(km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;)&lt;ref&gt;Malaksid no sabali ti naibaga, dagiti pigura ti kalawa ti daga ket naala manipud iti {{Cite journal |url=http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2008/Table03.pdf | title=Demographic Yearbook—Table 3: Population by sex, rate of population increase, surface area and density | publisher=United Nations Statistics Division | year=2008 | accessdate =14 Oktubre 2010 |journal=unstats}}&lt;/ref&gt;
! [[Listaan dagiti pagilian babaen ti populasion|Populasion]]&lt;br /&gt;(2008 karkulo)&lt;ref&gt;Malaksid no sabali ti naibaga, dagiti karkulo ti populasion ket naala manipud iti {{cite web|url=http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wpp2008/wpp2008_text_tables.pdf |format=PDF| title=World Population Prospects, Table A.1| version=2008 revision | publisher=United Nations | author=Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division | year=2009 | accessdate=12 Marso 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;
! [[Listaan dagiti naturay nga estado ken dagiti agkamkammatalek a teritorio babaen ti densidad ti populasion|Densidad ti populasion]]&lt;br /&gt;(tunggal km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;)
! Kapitolio
|-
| colspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|'''Amianan nga Amerika (Nangruna a daga)'''{{#tag:ref|Daytoy a panagipalawag ti Amianan nga Amerika ket mangiraman laeng dagiti uppat nga akin-amianan unay a teritorial nga entidad ti Kanada, ti Estados Unidos, Greenland, [[Mehiko]], ket dagiti asideg nga isla ti [[Bermuda]]&amp;nbsp;– iti aplaya ken daya ti [[Cape Hatteras]], [[North Carolina]]&amp;nbsp;– ken [[Saint Pierre and Miquelon]]&amp;nbsp;– iti aplaya ken abagatan ti [[Newfoundland and Labrador]]. Mairaman dagiti reperensia ti&lt;ref name=&quot;spp&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;epa&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=About.com /&gt;
|group=note}}
|-
| {{wagayway|Bermuda}} ([[Nagkaykaysa a Pagarian]])
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{nts|54}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{nts|65000}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 1203.7
| [[Hamilton, Bermuda|Hamilton]]
|-
| {{wagayway|Kanada}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{nts|9984670}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{nts|33573000}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 3.4
| [[Ottawa]]
|-
| {{wagayway|Isla Clipperton}} ([[Pransia]].)
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{nts|6}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{nts|0}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 0.0
|&amp;nbsp;—
|-
| {{wagayway|Greenland}} ([[Dinamarka]].)
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{nts|2166086}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{nts|57000}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 0.026
| [[Nuuk]] ([[Godthåb]])
|-
| {{wagayway|Méhiko}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{nts|1964375}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{nts|112322757}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 57.1
| [[Siudad ti Mehiko]]
|-
| [[Papeles:Flag of Saint-Pierre and Miquelon.svg|22px|border|link=]] [[San Pedro ken Mikuelon]] (Pransia)
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{nts|242}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{nts|6000}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 24.8
| [[Saint-Pierre, Saint Pierre and Miquelon|Saint-Pierre]]
|-
| {{wagayway|Estados Unidos}}&lt;ref group=note&gt;Mairaman ti estado ti Hawaii, nga adayo manipud iti masa ti daga ti Amianan nga Amerika idiay Taaw Pasipiko ken isu a kadawyan a mainaig kadagiti sabali a teritorio ti Oceania.&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{nts|9629091}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{nts|311630000}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 32.7
| [[Washington, D.C.]]
|-
| colspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|'''Karibe'''
|-
| {{wagayway|Anguilla}} (Nagkaykaysa a Pagarian)
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{nts|91}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{nts|15000}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 164.8
| [[The Valley, Anguilla|The Valley]]
|-
| {{wagayway|Antigua ken Barbuda}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{nts|442}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{nts|88000}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 199.1
| [[St. John's, Antigua and Barbuda|St. John's]]
|-
| {{wagayway|Aruba}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{nts|180}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{nts|107000}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 594.4
| [[Oranjestad, Aruba|Oranjestad]]
|-
| {{wagayway|Bahamas}}&lt;ref group=note&gt;Gapu ta ti [[Purpuro Lucayan]] ket mabirukan idiay Taaw Atlantiko imbes nga idiay [[Baybay Karibe]], ti [[Bahamas]] ket paset ti [[Dagiti Laud nga India|Laud nga India]] ngem dagitoy ket saan a teknikal a paset ti [[Karibe]], urayno ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian ket ingrupona ida iti Karibe.&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{nts|13943}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{nts|342000}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 24.5
| [[Nassau, Bahamas|Nassau]]
|-
| {{wagayway|Barbados}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{nts|430}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{nts|256000}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 595.3
| [[Bridgetown]]
|-
| {{wagayway|Bonaire}} (Olanda)
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{nts|294}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{nts|12093}}&lt;ref name=&quot;nethant&quot;&gt;Dagiti karkulo ti populasion ket naala manipud iti {{cite web | author=Central Bureau of Statistics Netherlands Antilles | title=Statistical information: Population |url=http://www.cbs.an/population/population_b2.asp | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100501150627/http://www.cbs.an/population/population_b2.asp | archivedate=1 Mayo 2010 | publisher=Government of the Netherlands Antilles | accessdate=14 Oktubre 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 41.1
| [[Kralendijk]]
|-
| {{wagayway|Britaniko nga Is-isla ti Birhen}} (Nagkaykaysa a Pagarian)
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{nts|151}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{nts|23000}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 152.3
| [[Road Town]]
|-
| {{wagayway|Is-isla ti Cayman}} (UK)
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{nts|264}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{nts|56000}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 212.1
| [[George Town, Is-isla ti Cayman|George Town]]
|-
| {{wagayway|Kubá }}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{nts|109886}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{nts|11204000}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 102.0
| [[Havana]]
|-
| {{wagayway|Curaçao}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{nts|444}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{nts|140794}}&lt;ref name=&quot;nethant&quot; /&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 317.1
| [[Willemstad]]
|-
| {{wagayway|Dominica}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{nts|751}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{nts|67000}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 89.2
| [[Roseau]]
|-
|{{wagayway|Republika a Dominikano}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{nts|48671}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{nts|10090000}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 207.3
| [[Santo Domingo]]
|-
| {{wagayway|Grenada}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{nts|344}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{nts|104000}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 302.3
| [[St. George's, Grenada|St. George's]]
|-
| {{wagayway|Guadeloupe}} (Pransia)
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{nts|1628}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{nts|401784}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.insee.fr/fr/ppp/bases-de-donnees/recensement/populations-legales/departement.asp?dep=971&amp;annee=2008 |title=Insee – Populations légales 2008 – 971-Guadeloupe |publisher=Insee.fr |accessdate=31 Oktubre 2011 |language=Pranses}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 246.7
| [[Basse-Terre]]
|-
| {{wagayway|Haiti}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{nts|27750}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{nts|10033000}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 361.5
| [[Port-au-Prince]]
|-
| {{wagayway|Hamaika}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{nts|10991}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{nts|2719000}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 247.4
| [[Kingston, Jamaica|Kingston]]
|-
| {{wagayway|Martinique}} (Pransia)
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{nts|1128}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{nts|397693}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.insee.fr/fr/ppp/bases-de-donnees/recensement/populations-legales/departement.asp?dep=972&amp;annee=2008 |title=Insee – Populations légales 2008 – 972-Martinique |publisher=Insee.fr |accessdate=31 Oktubre 2011 |language=Pranses}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 352.6
| [[Fort-de-France]]
|-
| {{wagayway|Montserrat}} (Nagkaykaysa a Pagarian)
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{nts|102}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{nts|6000}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 58.8
| [[Plymouth, Montserrat|Plymouth]]; [[Brades, Montserrat|Brades]]&lt;ref group=note&gt;Gapu ti agdama nga aktibidad iti [[Bulkan Turturod Soufriere]] a a nagrugi idi Hulio 1995, kaaduan idi a nadadael ti Plymouth ken dagiti opisina ti gobierno ketnaiyalis idiay Brades. Ti Plymouth ket agtultuloy nga isu ti ''de jure'' a kapitolio.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| {{wagayway|Isla Navassa}} (Estados Unidos)
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{nts|5}}&lt;ref name=&quot;areacia&quot;&gt;Dagiti pigura ti kalawa ti daga ket naala manipud iti {{cite web | title=The World Factbook: 2010 edition | url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2147.html | publisher=Government of the United States, Central Intelligence Agency | accessdate=14 Oktubre 2010 | archive-date=2019-01-07 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107082449/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2147.html%20 | url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{nts|0}}&lt;ref name=&quot;popcia&quot;&gt;Dagitoy a karkulo ti populasion ket para iti 2010, ken naala manipud iti {{cite web | title=The World Factbook: 2010 edition | url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2119.html | publisher=Government of the United States, Central Intelligence Agency | accessdate=14 Oktubre 2010 | archive-date=2018-10-04 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181004113653/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2119.html | url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 0.0
|&amp;nbsp;—
|-
| {{wagayway|Puerto Rico}} (Estados Unidos)
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{nts|8870}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{nts|3982000}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 448.9
| [[San Juan, Puerto Rico|San Juan]]
|-
| {{wagayway|Saba}} (Olanda)
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{nts|13}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{nts|1537}}&lt;ref name=&quot;nethant&quot; /&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 118.2
| [[The Bottom]]
|-
| {{wagayway|San Bartolome}} (Pransia)
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{nts|21}}&lt;ref name=&quot;areacia&quot; /&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{nts|7448}}&lt;ref name=&quot;popcia&quot; /&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 354.7
| [[Gustavia, San Bartolome|Gustavia]]
|-
| {{wagayway|San Kristobal ken Niebes}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{nts|261}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{nts|52000}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 199.2
| [[Basseterre]]
|-
| {{wagayway|Santa Lucia}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{nts|539}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{nts|172000}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 319.1
| [[Castries]]
|-
| {{wagayway|San Martin}} (Pransia)
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{nts|54}}&lt;ref name=&quot;areacia&quot; /&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{nts|29820}}&lt;ref name=&quot;popcia&quot; /&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 552.2
| [[Marigot, San Martin|Marigot]]
|-
| {{wagayway|San Vicente ken dagiti Grenadito}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{nts|389}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{nts|109000}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 280.2
| [[Kingstown]]
|-
| {{wagayway|San Eustaquio}} (Olanda.)
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{nts|21}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{nts|2739}}&lt;ref name=&quot;nethant&quot; /&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 130.4
| [[Oranjestad, San Eustaquio|Oranjestad]]
|-
| {{wagayway|Sint Maarten}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{nts|34}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{nts|40009}}&lt;ref name=&quot;nethant&quot; /&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 1176.7
| [[Philipsburg, Sint Maarten|Philipsburg]]
|-
| {{wagayway|Trinidad ken Tobago}}&lt;ref group=note name=&quot;two&quot;&gt;Depende kadagiti panangipalawag, ti Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, Panama, ken Trinidad ken Tobago ket adaan iti teritorio idiay [[Listaan dagiti pagilian a gumay-at iti ad-adu ngem maysa a kontinente|iti wenno dagiti dua]] Amianan ken Abagatan nga Amerika.&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{nts|5130}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{nts|1339000}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 261.0
| [[Port of Spain]]
|-
| {{wagayway|Is-isla ti Turks ken Caicos}}&lt;ref group=note&gt;Gapu ta ti [[Purpuro Lucayan]] ket mabirukan idiay Taaw Atlantiko imbes nga idiay [[Baybay Karibe]], ti [[Is-isla ti Turks ken Caicos]] ket paset ti [[Dagiti Laud nga India|Laud nga India]] ngem saan dagitoy a teknikal a paset ti [[Karibe]], urayno ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian ketigrupona idia iti Karibe.&lt;/ref&gt; (UK)
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{nts|948}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{nts|33000}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 34.8
| [[Cockburn Town]]
|-
| {{wagayway|Is-isla ti Birhen ti Estados Unidos}} (Estados Unidos)
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{nts|347}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{nts|110000}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 317.0
| [[Charlotte Amalie, Is-isla ti Birhen ti Estados Unidos|Charlotte Amalie]]
|-
| colspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|'''Sentral nga Amerika'''
|-
| {{wagayway|Belis}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{nts|22966}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{nts|307000}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 13.4
| [[Belmopan]]
|-
| {{wagayway|Costa Rica}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{nts|51100}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{nts|4579000}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 89.6
| [[San José, Costa Rica|San José]]
|-
| {{wagayway|El Salvador}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{nts|21041}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{nts|6163000}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 293.0
| [[San Salvador]]
|-
| {{wagayway|Guatemala}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{nts|108889}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{nts|14027000}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 128.8
| [[Siudad ti Guatemala]]
|-
| {{wagayway|Honduras}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{nts|112492}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{nts|7466000}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 66.4
| [[Tegucigalpa]]
|-
| {{wagayway|Nicaragua}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{nts|130373}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{nts|5743000}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 44.1
| [[Managua]]
|-
| {{wagayway|Panama}}&lt;ref group=note name=&quot;two&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref group=note&gt;Ti Panama ket kadawyan a naikeddeng a pagilian ti Amianan nga Amerika, urayno adda met dagiti turay a mangbingay daytoy idiay [[Kanal Panama]]. Dagiti pigura a nailista ditoy ket para iti intero a pagilian.&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{nts|75417}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{nts|3454000}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 45.8
| [[Siudad ti Panama]]
|- style=&quot; font-weight:bold; &quot; class=&quot;sortbottom&quot;
! Dagup
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{nts|24500995}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{nts|541720440}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 22.9
|
|}

== Dagiti nota ==
{{Reflist|group=note}}

== Dagiti nagibasaran ==
{{Reflist}}

== Dagiti akinruar a silpo ==
{{commonscat-inline|North America|{{PAGENAME}}}}
* [http://www.answers.com/topic/north-america Houghton Mifflin Company, &quot;North America&quot;]

{{Dagiti kontinente iti lubong}}
{{Dagiti rehion iti lubong}}

[[Kategoria:Amianan nga Amerika]]
[[Kategoria:Dagiti rehion ti Kaamerikaan]]
[[Kategoria:Dagiti kontinente]]
[[Kategoria:Nangruna nga artikulo (atiddog)]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Abagatan nga Amerika</title>
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      <text bytes="38387" sha1="n4oiry2ah792erpperf3bejlcb64ttu" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox kontinente
|title = Abagatan nga Amerika
|image = [[Papeles:South America (orthographic projection).svg|200px]]
|area = 17,840,000 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(6,890,000 sq mi)
|population = 385,742,554  (2011, [[Listaan dagiti kontinente babaen ti populasion|Maika-5]])
|density = 21.4/km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (56.0/sq mi)
|demonym = Taga-Abagatan nga Amerika
|countries = 12
|list_countries = Listaan dagiti naturay nga estado ken agkamkammatalek a teritorio ti Abagatan nga Amerika
|dependencies = 3
|languages = [[Pagsasao a Portuges|Portuges]], [[Pagsasao nga Espaniol|Espaniol]], ken [[Dagiti pagsasao ti Abagatan nga Amerika|dadduma pay]]
|time = [[UTC-2]] aginggana ti [[UTC-5]]
|cities = [[Listaan dagiti siudad idiay Abagatan nga Amerika]]&lt;br /&gt;{{wagaywayikono|Brasil}} [[São Paulo]]&lt;br /&gt;{{wagaywayikono|Arhentina}} [[Buenos Aires]]&lt;br /&gt;{{wagaywayikono|Brasil}} [[Rio de Janeiro]]&lt;br /&gt;{{wagaywayikono|Colombia}} [[Bogotá]]&lt;br /&gt;{{wagaywayikono|Peru}} [[Lima, Peru|Lima]]&lt;br /&gt;{{wagaywayikono|Chile}} [[Santiago, Chile|Santiago]]&lt;br /&gt;{{wagaywayikono|Brasil}} [[Belo Horizonte]]&lt;br /&gt;{{wagaywayikono|Venezuela}} [[Caracas]]&lt;br /&gt;{{wagaywayikono|Brasil}} [[Porto Alegre]]&lt;br /&gt;{{wagaywayikono|Colombia}} [[Medellín]]
}}
Ti '''Abagatan nga Amerika''' ket ti [[kontinente]] a mabirukan idiay [[Akinlaud a Hemisperio]], kaaduan idiay [[Akin-abagatan a Hemisperio]], nga adda met bassit a paset idiay [[Akin-amianan a Hemisperio]]. Daytoy ket mabalin pay a maikeddeng a kas maysa a [[subkontinente]] ti [[Kaamerikaan]].&lt;ref name=britannica-southamerica&gt;{{cite web|url =http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/555844/South-America|title = South America|work= [[Encyclopædia Britannica]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Daytoy ket nabeddengan iti laud babaen ti [[Taaw Pasipiko]] ken iti amianan ken daya babaen ti [[Taaw Atlantiko]]; [[Amianan nga Amerika]] ken ti [[Baybay Karibe]] ket mabirukan iti amianan a laud. Daytoy ket mangiraman kadagiti sangapulo ket dua a naturay nga estado  – ti [[Arhentina]], [[Bolivia]], [[Brasil]], [[Chile]], [[Colombia]], [[Ecuador]], [[Guyana]], [[Paraguay]], [[Peru]], [[Surinam]], [[Uruguay]], ken [[Venezuela]] – ken dagiti dua a saan a naturay a lugar  –ti [[Pranses a Guiana]], ken ti maysa a [[ballasiw taaw a departamento]] ti [[Pransia]], ken ti [[Is-isla ti Malvinas]], ti [[Teritorio ti Ballasiw Taaw ti Britaniko]] (ngem [[Katurayan a suppiat ti Is-isla ti Maldivas|sinuppiat]] babaen ti Arhentina). Iti pay maipatinayon iti daytoy, ti [[Is-isla ABC (Lesser Antilles)|is-isla ABC]] ti [[Olanda]] ket mabalin a maikeddeng a paset ti Abagatan nga Amerika.

Ti Abagatan nga Amerika ket addaan iti kalawa iti 17,840,000 a kilometro kuadrado (6,890,000 sq mi). ti [[populasion]]na manipud idi 2005 ket nakarkulo iti sumurok a 371,090,000. Ti Abagatan nga Amerika ket [[Listaan dagiti kontinente babaen ti populasion|maikapat iti ranggo]] babaen ti kalawa (kalpasan ti [[Asia]], [[Aprika]], ken Amianan nga Amerika) ken maikalima iti populasion (kalpasan ti Asia, Aprika, [[Europa]], ken Amianan nga Amerika).

Kaaduan ti populasion ket agtataeng idiay asideg ti akinlaud wenno akindaya nga aplaya ti kontinente bayat a ti akin-uneg ken ti [[patagonia|adayo nga abagatan]] ken manmano a natagtagitao. Ti heograpia ti akinlaud nga Abagatan nga Amerika ket kaaduan iti banbantay ti [[Andes]]; iti pakaigiddiatan, ti akindaya  paset ket aglaon kadagiti kabambantayan a rehion ket ti dakkel a tantanap nga ayan dagiti karayan a kas ti [[Karayan Amasona|Amasona]], [[Karayan Paraná|Paraná]] ken ti ayus ti [[Orinoco]]. Kaaduan ti kontinente ket naisanglad iti [[tropiko]].

Ti kultural ken etniko a pakakitaan ti kontinente ket adda iti taudanna iti pannakitignay kadagiti [[indihenio a tattao ti Kaamerikaan|indihenio a tattao]] kadagiti nagparukma a Europeano ken dagiti imigrante ken, kaaduan a lokal, kadagiti aadipen nga Aprikano. Naikkan iti atiddog a [[Europeano a kolonisasion ti Kaamerikaan|pakasaritaan iti kolonialismo]], kaaduan dagiti taga-Abagatan nga Amerika ket agsasao iti [[Pagsasao a Portuges|Portuges]] wenno [[Pagsasao nga Espaniol|Espaniol]], ken dagiti kagimongan ken dagiti estado ket sapasap a mangipaltiing kadagiti [[Akinlaud a kultura|Akinlaud a tradision]].

== Heograpia ==
{{Nangruna|Heograpia ti Abagatan nga Amerika}}
[[Papeles:South America - Blue Marble orthographic.jpg|thumb|240px|Ti komposito a relief a ladawan ti Abagatan nga Amerika.]]
Ti Abagatan nga Amerika ket sakupenna ti akin-abagatan a paset ti [[Kaamerikaan|masa ti daga ti Amerika]]. Ti kontinente ket sapasap a napatinggaan iti amianan a laud babaen ti [[Sawang Darién|taudan ti danum ti Darién]] iti igid ti pagbeddengan ti [[Colombia]]–[[Panama]], urayno adda met dagiti mangikeddeng a ti pagbeddengan imbes a ti [[Kanal Panama]]. Iti [[heopolitika]] ken heograpika&lt;ref&gt;Cohen, Saul Bernard. 2003. [http://books.google.com/books?id=QkMD8HKRlgoC&amp;pg=PA141 &quot;North and Middle America&quot; (Ch. 5)]. ''Geopolitics of the World System'', {{ISBN|0847699072}}&lt;/ref&gt; amin ti Panama&amp;nbsp;– a mairaman ti paset ti daya ti Kanal Panama iti ismo&amp;nbsp;– ket kadawyan a mairaman iti Amianan nga Amerika&lt;ref&gt;[http://unstats.un.org/unsd/methods/m49/m49regin.htm#americas &quot;Americas&quot;] ''Standard Country and Area Codes Classifications (M49)'', United Nations Statistics Division&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://atlas.nrcan.gc.ca/site/english/maps/reference/international/north_america/referencemap_image_view |title=North America |work=Atlas of Canada |date=2003-11-14 |accessdate=2012-05-21 |archive-date=2008-03-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080303233306/http://atlas.nrcan.gc.ca/site/english/maps/reference/international/north_america/referencemap_image_view |url-status=bot: unknown }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;North America Atlas&quot;&gt;[http://www.nationalgeographic.com/xpeditions/atlas/index.html?Parent=nameri&amp;Rootmap=&amp;Mode=d&amp;SubMode=w North America Atlas] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031024172731/http://www.nationalgeographic.com/xpeditions/atlas/index.html?Parent=nameri&amp;Rootmap=&amp;Mode=d&amp;SubMode=w |date=2003-10-24 }} National Geographic&lt;/ref&gt; ken kadagiti [[Demograpia ti Sentral nga Amerika|pagpagilina ti Sentral nga Amerika]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/440722/Panama |title=Panama |publisher=Britannica.com |date=1999-12-31 |accessdate=2012-05-21}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/pm.html#Geo |title=Panama |work=CIA&amp;nbsp;– The World Factbook |publisher=Cia.gov |accessdate=2012-05-21 |archive-date=2019-01-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190103234823/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/pm.html#Geo |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Gangani amin ti nangruna a daga ti Abagatan nga Amerika ket nakatugaw iti [[Plata ti Abagatan nga Amerika]].

Ti Abagatan nga Amerika ket balay ti [[Listaan dagiti dissuor babaen ti kangato|kangatuaan a saan a nalappedan a dissuor iti lubong]], ti [[Dissuor Anghel]] idiay Venezuela; ti kangatuan nga agmaymaysa a tinnag a dissuor ti [[Dissuor Kaieteur]] idiay Guyana; ti kadakkelan a karayan (babaen ti tomo), ti [[Karayan Amasona]]; ti kaatiddogan a kabambantayan, ti [[Andes]] (a ti kangatuan a bantayna ket ti [[Aconcagua]] iti {{pagbaliwen|6,962|m|ft|abbr=on|disp=sqbr}}); ti kamagaan a saan a polar a lugar iti daga, ti [[Desierto Atacama]];&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/0308/feature3/|title=Parts of Chile's Atacama Desert haven't seen a drop of rain since recordkeeping began. Somehow, more than a million people squeeze life from this parched land|work=National Geographic Magazine|accessdate=2009-04-18|archive-date=2007-12-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071218212813/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/0308/feature3/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.extremescience.com/DriestPlace.htm |title=Driest Place &amp;#124; Driest Desert Atacama Desert |publisher=Extremescience.com |date=2007-01-25 |accessdate=2009-04-18 |archive-date=2007-02-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070202153149/http://www.extremescience.com/DriestPlace.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|author=McKay, C. P.|date=Hunio 2002|volume=14|page=30|title=Two dry for life: The Atacama Desert and Mars|issue=3|url=http://quest.nasa.gov/challenges/marsanalog/egypt/AtacamaAdAstra.pdf|journal=Ad Astra|access-date=2015-01-19|archive-date=2012-02-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120229234518/http://quest.nasa.gov/challenges/marsanalog/egypt/AtacamaAdAstra.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; ti kadakkelan a katuduan a bakir, ti [[Katuduan a bakir Amasona]]; ti kangatuan a kapitolio a siudad, [[La Paz, Bolivia]]; ti kangatuan a komersial a madalisiat a danaw iti lubong, [[Danaw Titicaca]]; ken, malaksid dagiti pagsukisokan nga estasion idiay [[Antartika]], ti akin-abagatan unay a permanenta a natagtagitao a komunidad iti lubong, ti [[Puerto Toro, Chile]].

{{multiple image
   | footer    = Ti [[Torres del Paine|Cuernos del Paine]] idiay Chile (kanigid) ken ti [[Nailian a Parke Chapada das Mesas|Morro do Chapéu]] idiay Brasil (kanawan) ket agserbi a mangiladawan ti dibersidad dagiti langa ti daga idia Abagatan nga Amerikao. Pinduten tapno maipadakkel.
   | image1    = Cuernos del Paine 2011.jpg
   | width1    = 160
   | alt1      = 
   | caption1  = 
   | image2    = Morro do chapeu (cropped).jpg
   | width2    = 120
   | alt2      = 
   | caption2  = 
  }}
Ti kangrunaan a rekurso ti mineral ti Abagatan nga Amerika ket [[balitok]], [[pirak]], [[gambang]], [[mina ti landok]], [[lata]], ken [[petroleo]]. Dagitoy a rekurso a mabirukan idiay Abagatan nga Amerika ket nakaited ti adu a matgedan kadagiti pagilianna a naipangpangruna kadagiti panawen ti gubat wenno napardas nga idadakkel ti ekonomia babaen dagiti industrialisado a pagpagilian. Nupay kasta, ti konsentrasion iti panagpataud ti maysa a nangruna a tagilako nga eksport ket masansan a nanglapped ti panagdur-as ti debersidad dagiti ekonomia. Ti panagbalbaliw dagiti presio dagiti tagilako kadagiti sangalubongan a pagtagilakuan ken nakaiturongan ti historikal dagiti nangruna  a nangato ken dagiti ababa kadagiti ekonomia kadagiti estado ti Abagatan nga Amerika, ken masansan nga agpataud kadagiti nakaro nga instabilidad ti politika. Daytoy ket pakaiturongan kadagiti ganetget a mangidibersidad ti panagpataud a mangiyadayo manipud iti panangitalinaay kadagiti ekonomia a naidedikado iti maysa a nangruna nga eksport.

Ti Abagatan nga Amerika ket maysa kadagiti kaaduan a biodibersidad a kontinente iti lubong. Ti Abagatan nga Amerika ket balay kadagiti adu a makaay-ayo ken dagiti naisangayan a sebbangan dagiti ayup a mairaman ti [[llama]], [[anaconda]], [[piranha]], [[jaguar]], [[vicuña]], ken  [[tapir]]. Ti katuduan a bakir ti Amasona ket agtagikua ti nangato a [[biodibersidad]], nga aglaon ti nangruna a proporsion dagiti [[sebbangan]] iti Daga.

Ti Brasil ket isu ti kadakkelan a pagilian idiay Abagatan nga Amerika, sumakop daytoy iti kagudua ti kalawa ti daga ken populasion ti kontinente. Dagiti nabati a pagilian ken dagiti teritorio ket nabingbingay kadagiti tallo a rehion Ti [[Es-estado ti Andes]], [[ti Guianas]] ken ti [[Akin-abagatan a Kono|Akin-abagatan a Balisongsong]].

=== Dagiti kaariping nga isla ===
Iti tradision, ti Abagatan nga Amerika ket mangiraman pay kadagiti asideg nga isla. Ti [[Aruba]], [[Bonaire]], [[Curaçao]], [[Trinidad]], [[Tobago]], ken ti [[pederal nga agkamkammatalek ti Venezuela]] ket nakatugaw iti akin-amianan a [[kontinental a samang]] ti Abagatan nga Amerika ken dagitoy ket masansan a mairamraman a kas paset ti kontinente . Iti heopolitika, dagiti isla nga estado ken dagiti ballasiw taaw a teritorio ti Karibe ket sapasap a naigrupo a kas paset ti Amianan nga Amerika, gapu ta isuda ket ad-adayo idiay [[Plata Karibe]], urayno ti [[San Andrés (isla)|San Andres]] ken [[Isla Providenciad|Providencia]] ket politikal a paset ti [[Colombia]] ken ti [[Isla Aves]] ket tinengtengngel babaen ti [[Venezuela]].&lt;ref name=&quot;North America Atlas&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.nationalgeographic.com/xpeditions/atlas/index.html?Parent=sameri&amp;Rootmap=&amp;Mode=d&amp;SubMode=w South America Atlas] National Geographic&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://unstats.un.org/unsd/methods/m49/m49regin.htm#americas |title=United Nations Statistics Division- Standard Country and Area Codes Classifications (M49) |publisher=Unstats.un.org |date=2011-09-20 |accessdate=2012-05-21}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dagiti sabali nga isla a mairaman iti Abagatan nga Amerika ket ti [[Is-isla Galápagos]] a tagikua ti [[Ecuador]] ken ti [[Isla Paskua ti Panagunagr]] (idiay [[Oceania]] ngem tagikua ti [[Chile]]), [[Isla Robinson Crusoe]], [[Purpuro Chiloé|Chiloé]] (dagitoy dua ket tagikua ti Chile) ken [[Tierra del Fuego]] (nagbaetan a pinagbingayan ti Chile ken [[Arhentina]]). Idiay Atlantiko, ti [[Brasil]] ket tagikuana ti [[Fernando de Noronha]], [[Trindade ken Martim Vaz]], ken ti [[Purpuro SanPedro ken San Pablo]], bayat a ti [[Is-isla Maldivas]] ket tinurayan babaen ti [[Nagkaykaysa a Pagarian]], a ti panangiturayna iti is-isla ket [[suppiat ti kinaturay ti Is-isla ti Maldivas|sinuppiat babaen ti Arhentina]]. Ti [[Is-isla Abagatan a  Georgia ken ti Abagatan a  Sandwich]] ket mabalin pay a mainaig iti Abagatan nga Amerika wenno ti [[Antartika]].

== Pakasaritaan ==
=== Prehistoria ===
[[Papeles:SantaCruz-CuevaManos-P2210651b.jpg|thumb|240px|Ti prehistoriko a [[Cueva de las Manos]],wenno ''Kueba dagiti Ima'', idiay Arhentina.]]
Ti Abagatan nga Amerika ket naipampamattian a naisilpo idi iti [[Aprika]] manipud iti naladaw a [[Panawen Paleosoika]] aginggana ti nasapa a [[Panawen Mesosoika]], aginggana idi nagsisina ti [[nalatak a kontinente]] ti [[Pangaea]] idi agarup a tawtawen ti napalabas ti 225 a riwriw. Isu a ti Abagatan nga Amerika ken ti Aprika ket makibinningay kadagiti agpapada a posil ken dagiti tuon ti bato.

Ti Abagatan nga Amerika ket naipagpagarup nga isu ti immuna a tinataengan babaen ti tattao idi dagiti tattao ket binalballasiwda ti [[Beringia|Rangtay ti Daga ti Bering]] (itan ket ti [[Lingsat Bering]]) idi saan a nakurkurang ngem 15,000 ya tawtawen ti napalabas manipud iti teritorio nga ita nga aldawen ket ti [[Rusia]]. Immakarda a nagpa-abagatan babaen ti [[Amianan nga Amerika]], ken kanungpalan a naabotanda ti Abagatan nga Amerika babaen ti [[Ismo ti Panama]].

Ti immuna nga ebidensia iti kaadda ti puli ti tattao idiay Abagatan nga Amerika ket napetsaan idi agarup a 9000 BC, idi dagiti [[Karabasa (mula)|karabasa]], dagiti [[chili pepper|sili]] ken [[bukel|bukbukel]] ket nairugrugi a naimuyongan a makan kadagiti kabanbantayan iti [[Labneng Amasona]]. Dagiti ebidensia ti damdamili ket adu a mangisingasing a ti [[manioc]], nga agdama pay laeng a [[nangruna a makan]] tatta nga aldaw, ket naimuymuyongan idi iti nasapsapa a kas idi 2000 BC.&lt;ref name=&quot;OBrienP-Oxford_Atlas&quot;&gt;O'Brien, Patrick. (General Editor). Oxford Atlas of World History. New York: Oxford University Press, 2005. pp. 25&lt;/ref&gt;

Babaen idi 2000 BC, adu kadagiti [[agrariano a kangimongan|agrariano]] a komunidad ket nagtataeng kadagiti amin a paset ti [[Andes]] ken dagiti nakapalikmut a rehion. Ti panagkalap ket immadu a panagsanay iti igid ti aplaya, ken nangtulong daytoy iti pannakaaramid ti ikan a kas nangruna taudan ti taraon. Dagiti sistema ti panagsibog ket naparang-ay pay iti daytoy a panawen, ken nagtulong daytoy iti idudur-as ti maysa nga [[agrariano a kagimongan]].&lt;ref name=&quot;OBrienP-Oxford_Atlas&quot; /&gt;

Dagiti kultura ti Abagatan nga Amerika ket nangrugrugida a nagpaamo kadagiti [[llama]], [[vicuña]], [[guanaco]], ken [[alpaca]] kadagiti kabanbantayan ti Andes idi circa 3500 BC. Malaksid kadagiti usarda a kas taudan ti karne ken dutdot, dagitoy nga ayup ket naus-usar pay para iti panangilugan dagiti tagilako.&lt;ref name=&quot;OBrienP-Oxford_Atlas&quot; /&gt;

=== Dagiti kasakbayan ti Colombiano a sibilisasion ===

[[Papeles:80 - Machu Picchu - Juin 2009 - edit.jpg|thumb|240px|Ti estado ti Inca ti [[Machu Picchu]], [[Peru]] ket maysa kadagiti [[Dagiti Baro a Siddaaw iti Lubong#Dagiti nangabak|Pito a Siddaaw iti Lubong]]]]

Ti idudur-as ti panagpatubo ti mula ken ti iparparang dagiti pagtaengan ti tao ket nangpalubos para kadagiti adu ken nagtutuon a rugrugi dagiti sibilisasion idiay a Abagatan nga Amerika.

Maysa kadagiti kasapaan nga ammo a sibilisasion idiay Abagatan nga Amerika ket idiay [[Sibilisasion ti Norte Chico|Norte Chico]], idiay sentral nga aplaya ti [[Peru]]. Urayno daytoy ket kultura ti kasakbayan ti seramiko, ti monumental nga arkitektura ti Norte Chico ket maipada kadagiti piramida ti [[Taga-ugma nga Ehipto]]. Ti agturturay a klase ti Norte Chico ket nangipatakderda ti network ti pagtagilakuan ken nagparang-ay iti agrikultura ket kalpasann sinaruno daytoy ti [[kultura Chavin|Chavín]] babaen idi 900 BC, segun kadagiti dadduma a karkulo ken dagiti dagiti arkeolohiko a nabirbiruk. Dagiti artipakto ket nabirukan iti lugar a tinawtawagan iti [[Chavín de Huantar]] iti moderno a Peru iti kangato iti 3,177 metmetro. Ti sibilisasion ti Chavín ket nagpaut idi 900 BC aginggana idi 300 BC.

Idiay sentral nga aplaya ti Peru, idi agarup a rugi ti umuna a milenio AD, dagiti kultura ti [[Moche (kultura)|Moche]] (100 BC&amp;nbsp;– 700 AD, idiay akin-amianan nga aplya ti Peru), [[Kultura Paracas|Paracas]] ken [[Kultura Nazca|Nazca]] (400 BC&amp;nbsp;– 800 AD, Peru) ket rimmang-ay nga addaan kadagiti sentralisado nga estado nga addaan iti permanente a milisia ken nangpaspasayaat iti agrikultura babaen ti [[panagsibog]] ken dagiti baro nga estilo ti seramiko nga arte. Idiay [[Altiplano]], Tiahuanaco wenno [[Tiwanaku]] (100 BC&amp;nbsp;– 1200 AD, Bolivia) nangimatonda iti dakkel a network ti komersio a naibatay iti relihion.

Idi agarup a maika-7 a siglo, ti Tiahuanaco ken Wari wenno ti [[Kultura Wari|Huari]] nga Imperio (600–1200, Sentral ken akin-amianan a Peru) ket nagpadakkel kadagiti impluensiada kadagiti amina a rehion ti Andes, ken nagipang-al ti urbanismo ti Huari ken ti relihioso nga ikonograpia ti tiahuanaco.

Dagiti [[Muisca]] ket isuda idi dagiti nangruna nga indehenio a sibilisasion nga itan ket ti moderno a Colombia. Nangipatakderda ti kompederasion dagiti adu a sangkatipunan, wenno cacicazgos, ken addaan dagitoy iti nawaya  a network iti bukodda a panagtagtagilako. Isuda idi ket dagiti mammanday ti balitok ken mannalon.

Dagiti dadduma pay a nangruna a kultura ti kasakbayan a Columbiano ket mairaman dagiti [[Cañari]] (idiay abagatan sentral nga Ecuador), [[Chimu]] nga Imperio (1300–1470, akin-amianan nga aplaya ti Peru), [[KulturaChachapoyas|Chachapoyas]], ken dagiti pagarian ti Aymara (1000–1450, Bolivia ken akin-abagatan a Peru).

Inkabkabilda idi ti kapitoliuoda idiay nalatak a siudad ti [[Cusco]], ti [[sibilisasion ti Inca]] ket nagturturay kadagit irehion ti Andes manipud idi 1438 aginggana idi 1533. Ammo daytoy a kas ti ''Tawantin suyu'', ken &quot;ti daga dagiti uppat a rehion,&quot; iti pagsasao a  [[Sasao a Quechua|Quechua]], ti sibilisasion ti Inca ket naisangayan unay ken nadur-as. Ti panagturay ti Inca ket naisakup iti gangani a sangagasot a lingguistiko wenno dagiti etniko a komunidad, agarup a 9 aginggana ti 14 a riwriw a tattao ket naisilpo babaen ti 25,000 a kilometro ti [[sistema ti kalsada ti Inca|sistema ti kalsada]].

Ti [[Mapuche]] idiay Sentral ken Akin-abagatan a Chile ket nanglikud kadagiti Europeano ken Chileno nga agtataeng, ken nangigakat iti [[Gubat Arauco]] para kadagii ad-adu ngem 300 a tawtawen.

== Pagpagilian ken terteritorio ==
{{multiple image
 | align     = right
 | direction = vertical
 | header    = Dagiti innem a kadakkelan a siudad idiay Abagatan nga Amerika
 | header_align = left/right/center
 | header_background =
 | footer    =
 | footer_background =
 | width     =
 | image1    = São Paulo city (Bela Vista).jpg
 | width1    = 250
 | caption1  ={{center|[[São Paulo]], Brasil}}
 | image2    = Centro internacional cropped.JPG
 | width2    = 250
 | caption2  ={{center|[[Bogotá]], Colombia}}
 | image3   = Santiago en invierno.jpg
 | width3    = 250
 | caption3  ={{center|[[Santiago]], Chile}}
 | image4    = Lima, Peru Sunset Skyline &amp; Cityscape.png
 | width4    = 250
 | caption4  ={{center|[[Lima, Peru|Lima]], Peru}}
 | image5    = Atardecer en el Congreso de la Naci%C3%B3n Argentina.jpg
 | width5    = 250
 | caption5  ={{center|[[Buenos Aires]], Arhentina}}
 | image6    = Vista aérea Centro do Rio de Janeiro RJ.jpg
 | width6    = 250
 | caption6  ={{center|[[Rio de Janeiro]], Brasil}}
}}
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:90%;&quot;
|- style=&quot;background:#ececec;&quot;
! [[Pagilian]] wenno &lt;br /&gt;[[Teritorio (subdibision ti pagilian)|teritorio]] nga addaan iti [[wagayway]]
! [[Listaan dagiti pagilian babaen ti kalawa|Kalawa]]&lt;br /&gt;(km²)&lt;ref name=&quot;factbook2008&quot;&gt;Dagiti karkulo ti kalawa ti daga ken populasion ket naala manipud iti''The 2008 World Factbook'' nga agdama nga agus-usar ti datos ti Hulio 2007, malaksid no sabali ti naibaga.&lt;/ref&gt; (tunggal sq&amp;nbsp;mi)
! [[Listaan dagiti pagilian babaen ti populasion|Populasion]]&lt;br /&gt;(karkulo ti Hulio 2009)&lt;ref name=&quot;factbook2008&quot; /&gt;
! [[Listaan dagiti pagilian babaen ti densidad ti populasion|Densidad ti populasion]]&lt;br /&gt;tunggal km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
! [[Kapitolio]]
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | {{sort|Arhentina|{{wagayway|Arhentina}}}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{sort|2766890|{{pagbaliwen|2766890|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 40,482,000
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{sort|1430|14.3/km² ({{formatnum:{{#expr: 14.3 * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}/sq&amp;nbsp;mi)}}
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | [[Buenos Aires]]
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | {{sort|Bolivia|{{wagayway|Bolivia}}}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{sort|1098580|{{pagbaliwen|1098580|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 9,863,000
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{sort|0810|8.4/km² ({{formatnum:{{#expr: 8.4 * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}/sq&amp;nbsp;mi)}}
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | [[La Paz]] ken [[Sucre]]&lt;ref&gt;Ti [[La Paz]] ket ti administratibo a kapitolio ti [[Bolivia]];&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | {{sort|Brazil|{{wagayway|Brasil}}}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{sort|8514877|{{pagbaliwen|8514877|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 191,241,714
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{sort|2200|22.0/km² ({{formatnum:{{#expr: 22.0 * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}/sq&amp;nbsp;mi)}}
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | [[Brasília]]
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | {{sort|Chile|{{wagayway|Chile}}}}&lt;ref&gt;Mairaman ti [[Rapa Nui]] idiay [[Taaw Pasipiko]], ti teritorioti [[Chile]] ket masansan a maikabkabil tidiay [[Oceania]]. Ti [[Santiago, Chile|Santiago]] ket ti administratibo a kapitolio ti Chile; Ti [[Valparaíso]] ket ti lugar dagiti miting ti lehislatibo.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{sort|0756950|&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;{{pagbaliwen|756950|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 16,928,873
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{sort|2110|22/km² ({{formatnum:{{#expr: 22 * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}/sq&amp;nbsp;mi)}}
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | [[Santiago, Chile|Santiago]]
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | {{sort|Colombia|{{wagayway|Colombia}}}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{sort|1138910|{{pagbaliwen|1138910|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 45,928,970
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{sort|3770|40/km² ({{formatnum:{{#expr: 40 * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}/sq&amp;nbsp;mi)}}
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | [[Bogotá]]
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | {{sort|Ecuador|{{wagayway|Ecuador}}}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{sort|0283560|&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;{{pagbaliwen|283560|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 14,573,101
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{sort|4710|53.8/km² ({{formatnum:{{#expr: 53.8 * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}/sq&amp;nbsp;mi)}}
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | [[Quito]]
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | {{sort|Is-isla ti Malvinas|{{wagayway|Is-isla ti Malvinas}}}} ([[Nagkaykaysa a Pagarian]])&lt;ref&gt;Tinunton babaen ti [[Arhentina]].&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{sort|0012173|&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;{{pagbaliwen|12173|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 3,140&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fk.html |title=Falkland Islands: July 2008 population estimate |publisher=Cia.gov |date= |accessdate=2012-05-21 |archive-date=2010-01-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100129145002/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fk.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{sort|0026|0.26/km² ({{formatnum:{{#expr: 0.26 * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}/sq&amp;nbsp;mi)}}
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | [[Puerto Stanley, Is-isla tiMaldivas|Puerto Stanley]]
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{sort|Pranses a Guiana|{{wagayway|Pranses a Guiana}}}} ([[Pransia]])
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{sort|0091000|&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;{{pagbaliwen|91000|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 221,500&lt;ref&gt;(Enero 2009) {{cite web| url=http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/tableau.asp?reg_id=99&amp;ref_id=CMRSOS02137| title=Population des régions au 1er janvier| first=Gobierno ti Pransia| last=INSEE| accessdate=2009-01-20|language=Pranses}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{sort|0210|2.7/km² ({{formatnum:{{#expr: 2.1 * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}/sq&amp;nbsp;mi)}}
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | [[Cayenne]] ([[Préfecture]])
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | {{sort|Guyana|{{wagayway|Guyana}}}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{sort|0214999|&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;{{pagbaliwen|214999|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 772,298
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{sort|0360|3.5/km² ({{formatnum:{{#expr: 3.5 * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}/sq&amp;nbsp;mi)}}
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | [[Georgetown, Guyana|Georgetown]]
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | {{sort|Paraguay|{{wagayway|Paraguay}}}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{sort|0406750|&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;{{pagbaliwen|406750|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 6,831,306
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{sort|1560|15.6/km² ({{formatnum:{{#expr: 15.6 * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}/sq&amp;nbsp;mi)}}
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | [[Asunción]]
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | {{sort|Peru|{{wagayway|Peru}}}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{sort|1285220|{{pagbaliwen|1285220|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 29,132,013
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{sort|2170|22/km² ({{formatnum:{{#expr: 22 * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}/sq&amp;nbsp;mi)}}
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | [[Lima, Peru|Lima]]
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | {{sort|Abagatan a Georgia ken ti Abagatan nga Is-isla  Sandwich|{{wagaywayikono|Abagatan a Georgia ken ti Is-isla ti Abagatan a Sandwich}} [[Abagatan a Georgia ken ti Is-isla ti Abagatan a Sandwich|Abagatan a Georgia ken&lt;br /&gt;Is-isla ti Abagatan a Sandwich]] (Nagkaykaysa a Pagarian)}}&lt;ref&gt;Tinunton babaen ti Arhentina; the [[Abagatan a Georgia ken ti Is-isla ti Abagatan a Sandwich]] idiay [[Taaw Atlantiko|Abagatan Taaw Atlantiko]] ket kadawyan a mainaig iti [[Antartika]] (gapu tikaasideg) ken awanan iti permanente a populasion, ken agsangsangaili laeng ti periodiko a grupo ti agarup a 100 nga agsuksukimat ken agbisbista.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{sort|0003093|&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;{{pagbaliwen|3093|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 20
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{sort|0000|0/km² ({{formatnum:{{#expr: 0 * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}/sq&amp;nbsp;mi)}}
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | [[Puntos Ari Eduardo]]&lt;ref&gt;http://country-facts.findthedata.org/q/240/2390/What-is-the-capital-city-of-South-Georgia-And-The-South-Sandwich-Islands-a-country-in-the-continent-of-Oceania&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | {{sort|Surinam|{{wagayway|Surinam}}}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{sort|0163270|&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;{{pagbaliwen|163270|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 472,000
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{sort|0270|3/km² ({{formatnum:{{#expr: 3 * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}/sq&amp;nbsp;mi)}}
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | [[Paramaribo]]
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | {{sort|Uruguay|{{wagayway|Uruguay}}}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{sort|0176220|&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;{{pagbaliwen|176220|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 3,477,780
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{sort|1940|19.4/km² ({{formatnum:{{#expr: 19.4 * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}/sq&amp;nbsp;mi)}}
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | [[Montevideo]]
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | {{sort|Venezuela|{{wagayway|Venezuela}}}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{sort|09116445|&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;{{pagbaliwen|916445|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 31,648,930
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{sort|2780|30.2/km² ({{formatnum:{{#expr: 27.8 * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}/sq&amp;nbsp;mi)}}
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | [[Caracas]]
|- class=&quot;sortbottom&quot;
! Total
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{nts|17,824,513}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{nts|385,742,554}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 21.5/km²
|
|}

== Politika ==
Idi las-ud ti immuna a dekada ti maika-21 a siglo, dagiti gobierno ti Abagatan nga Amerika ket napnapanda iti politikal a kanigid, nga addaan dagiti daulo a [[Sosialismo|sosialista]] a nabutosan idiay Chile, Uruguay, Brasil, Arhentina, Ecuador, Bolivia, Paraguay, Peru ken Venezuela. Kaaduan dagiti pagilian idiay Abagatan nga Amerika ket umad-adu nga agus-usar kadagiti proteksionista nga annuroten, ken mangparparigat ti nasaysayaat a panagkaykaysa ti kontinente.

Iti kinaudi, naporma ti maysa nga entidad ti gobierno ket naporma a manggandat a mangitipon dagiti dua nga adda a kappon ti aduana: ti [[Mercosur]] ken [[Komunidad ti Andes]], ken mangporma ti maikatlo a kadakkelan a grupo ti pagtagilakuan iti lubong.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.globalpolicy.org/nations/sovereign/integrate/2008/1029newconsensus.htm |title=Globalpolicy.org |publisher=Globalpolicy.org |date=2008-10-29 |accessdate=2010-10-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Daytoy a baro a gunglo ti politika nga ammo a kas ti [[Kappon ti Pagpagilian ti Abagatan nga Amerika]] ket mangigandat a mangipatakder ti nawaya nga iya-akar ti tattao, panagdur-as ti ekonomia, ti sapasap nga annuroten ti depensa ken ti panagikkat kadagiti [[taripa]].

== Ekonomia ==
Ti Abagatan nga Amerika ket agdepdepende iti eksport dagiti napataud a tagilako ken dagiti masna a rekurso ngem iti katimbeng iti lubong; dagiti eksport ti tagilako manipud iti kontinente idi ket 16% iti GDP iti maysa a batayan ti panankisinnukat, no maiyasping iti 25% para iti lubong a kas bsibubukel.&lt;ref name=wfex /&gt; Ti Brasil (ti maikapito a kadakkelan nga ekonomia iti lubong ken ti kadakkelan idiay bagatan nga Amerika) ket mangiyuna kadagiti [[Listaan dagiti pagilian babaen dagiti eksport|termino dagiti eksport ti tagilako]] iti $251 bilion, ken sarunuen daytoy babaen ti Venezuela iti $93 bilion, Chile iti $86 bilion, ken Arhentina iti $84 bilion.&lt;ref name=wfex /&gt;

Ti pagbaetan ti ekonomia a a nagbaetan dagiti napanglaw ken dagiti nabaknang kadagiti kaaduan a pagilian ti Abagatan nga Amerika ket dakdakkel ngem iti kaaduan dagiti dadduma a kontinente . Ti kabaknangan a 10% ketmakaawat iti sumurok a 40% iti matgedan ti pagilian idiay Bolivia, Brasil, Chile, Colombia, ken Paraguay,&lt;ref name=share&gt;{{cite web|url=http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.DST.10TH.10|title=Income share held by highest 10%|publisher=The World Bank|year=2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; bayat a ti kapanglawan a 20% ket makaawat iti 3% wenno basbassit idiay Bolivia, Brasil, ken Colombia.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.DST.FRST.20/countries|title=Income share held by lowest 20%|publisher=The World Bank|year=2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:85%;&quot;
|-
! [[Pagilian]]
! [[Listaan dagiti pagilian babaen ti GDP (nominal)|GDP (nominal) idi 2011]]&lt;ref name=PPP_GDP&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2012/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2010&amp;ey=2011&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;pr1.x=44&amp;pr1.y=10&amp;c=336%2C213%2C218%2C223%2C228%2C288%2C233%2C293%2C248%2C366%2C298%2C299&amp;s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC&amp;grp=0&amp;a=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2004rank.html |title=World Economic Outlook Database |publisher=IMF |date=Abril 2012 |accessdate=2012-05-24 |archive-date=2012-05-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120524000000/http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2012/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2010&amp;ey=2011&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;pr1.x=44&amp;pr1.y=10&amp;c=336%2C213%2C218%2C223%2C228%2C288%2C233%2C293%2C248%2C366%2C298%2C299&amp;s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC&amp;grp=0&amp;a=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2004rank.html |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
! [[Listaan dagiti pagilian babaen ti GDP (PPP)|GDP (PPP) idi 2011]]&lt;ref name=PPP_GDP /&gt;
! [[Listaan dagiti pagilian babaen ti GDP (PPP) tunggal maysa a tao|GDP (PPP) tunggal maysa a tao idi 2011]]&lt;ref name=PPP_GDP /&gt;
! [[Listaan dagiti pagilian babaen dagiti eksport|Dagiti eksport ti tagilako]]&lt;br /&gt;($bn), 2011&lt;ref name=wfex&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2078rank.html|title=Country Comparison:Exports|work=The World Factbook|year=2011|publisher=CIA|access-date=2015-02-03|archive-date=2019-04-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190427111612/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2078rank.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
! [[Listaan dagiti pagilian babaen ti Pagsurotan ti Panagrang-ay ti Nagtagitaoan|HDI idi 2011]] (ranggo)&lt;!-- Please use the year in which the HDI data refers to and not the year in which the report came out --&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;UN&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2011_EN_Complete.pdf|title=Human Development Report 2011. Human development indices. p.23 |publisher=The United Nations|accessdate=2011-05-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;
! Porsiento nga addaan iti&lt;br /&gt;basbassit ngem $2 (PPP)&lt;br /&gt;kada maysa a tao kada maysa nga aldaw&lt;ref name=wb2&gt;{{cite web|url=http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.2DAY/countries|title=Poverty headcount ratio at $2 a day (PPP) (% of population)|publisher=The World Bank|year=2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | {{WP|Arhentina}}
| {{nts|447644}}
| {{nts|716419}}
| {{nts|17516}}
| {{nts|83.7}}
| {{nts|0.797}}
| {{nts|2.6}}
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | {{WP|Bolivia}}
| {{nts|24604}}
| {{nts|50904}}
| {{nts|4789}}
| {{nts|9.1}}
| {{nts|0.663}}
| {{nts|24.9}}
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | {{WP|Brasil}}
| {{nts|2492908}}
| {{nts|2294243}}
| {{nts|11769}}
| {{nts|250.8}}
| {{nts|0.718}}
| {{nts|10.8}}
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | {{WP|Chile}}
| {{nts|248411}}
| {{nts|299632}}
| {{nts|17222}}
| {{nts|86.1}}
| {{nts|0.805}}
| {{nts|2.7}}
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | {{WP|Colombia}}
| {{nts|328422}}
| {{nts|471964}}
| {{nts|10249}}
| {{nts|56.5}}
| {{nts|0.710}}
| {{nts|15.8}}
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | {{WP|Ecuador}}
| {{nts|66381}}
| {{nts|127426}}
| {{nts|8492}}
| {{nts|22.3}}
| {{nts|0.720}}
| {{nts|10.6}}
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | {{WP|Is-isla ti Malvinas}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fk.html|title=Falkland Islands|work=The World Factbook|year=2011|publisher=CIA|access-date=2015-02-03|archive-date=2010-01-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100129145002/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fk.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Nagkaykaysa a Pagarian]])
| {{nts|165}}
| {{nts|165}}
| {{nts|55400}}
| {{nts|0.1}}
|
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | {{WP|Pranses a Guiana}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.iedom.fr/IMG/pdf/ra2009_guyane-.pdf|title=Guyane|year=2009|publisher=IEDOM}}&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Pransia]])
| {{nts|4456}}
| {{nts|4456}}
| {{nts|19728}}
| {{nts|1.3}}
|
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | {{WP|Guyana}}
| {{nts|2480}}
| {{nts|5783}}
| {{nts|7465}}
| {{nts|0.9}}
| {{nts|0.633}}
| {{nts|18.0}}
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | {{WP|Paraguay}}
| {{nts|21236}}
| {{nts|35346}}
| {{nts|5413}}
| {{nts|9.8}}
| {{nts|0.665}}
| {{nts|13.2}}
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | {{WP|Peru}}
| {{nts|173502}}
| {{nts|301967}}
| {{nts|10062}}
| {{nts|46.3}}
| {{nts|0.725}}
| {{nts|12.7}}
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | {{WP|Surinam}}
| {{nts|3790}}
| {{nts|5060}}
| {{nts|9475}}
| {{nts|1.6}}
| {{nts|0.680}}
| {{nts|27.2}}
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | {{WP|Uruguay}}
| {{nts|46872}}
| {{nts|50908}}
| {{nts|15113}}
| {{nts|8.0}}
| {{nts|0.783}}
| {{nts|2.2}}
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | {{WP|Venezuela}}
| {{nts|315841}}
| {{nts|374111}}
| {{nts|12568}}
| {{nts|92.6}}
| {{nts|0.735}}
| {{nts|12.9}}
|-
! style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| Dagup || {{nts|4176712}} || {{nts|4738384}} || {{nts|11962}} || {{nts|669.1}} || {{nts|0.729}} || {{nts|11.3}}
|}

=== Dagiti kadakkelan a siudad babaen ti ekonomia idiay Abagatan nga Amerika idi 2010 ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|-
! Ranggo
! Siudad
! Pagilian
! GDP iti [[Internasional a doliar|Int$]] bn&lt;ref name=&quot;pricewater&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.ukmediacentre.pwc.com/imagelibrary/downloadMedia.ashx?MediaDetailsID=1562|title=Global city GDP rankings 2008–2025|publisher=Pricewaterhouse Coopers|accessdate=31 Hulio 2010|archive-date=2011-05-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110504031739/https://www.ukmediacentre.pwc.com/imagelibrary/downloadMedia.ashx?MediaDetailsID=1562|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
! Populasion (mil)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf|title=Demographia World Urban Areas p.22|publisher=Demographia|date=Abril 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;
! GDP tunggal maysa a tao
|-
| 1
| [[São Paulo]]
| {{BRA}}
| $388
| 20,186,000
| $19,221
|-
| 2
| [[Buenos Aires]]
| {{ARG}}
| $362
| 13,639,000
| $26,542
|-
| 3
| [[Rio de Janeiro]]
| {{BRA}}
| $201
| 12,043,000
| $16,690
|-
| 4
| [[Santiago, Chile|Santiago]]
| {{CHI}}
| $120
|  6,015,000
| $19,950
|-
| 5
| [[Brasília]]
| {{BRA}}
| $110
|  2,362,000
| $46,571
|-
| 6
| [[Lima, Peru|Lima]]
| {{PER}}
| $109
|  9,121,000
| $11,950
|-
| 7
| [[Bogotá]]
| {{COL}}
| $100
|  8,702,000
| $11,492
|-
| 8
| [[Caracas]]
| {{VEN}}
| $99
| 5,965,000
| $15,646
|-
| 9
| [[Belo Horizonte]]
| {{BRA}}
| $61
| 5,523,000
| $11,045
|-
| 10
| [[Medellín]]
| {{COL}}
| $50
| 3,686,000
| $13,565
|}

== Dagiti nagibasaran ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Dagiti akinruar a silpo ==
{{Commons-nailinia}}

{{Dagiti kontinente iti lubong}}
{{Dagiti rehion iti lubong}}
{{Kontrol ti autoridad}}

[[Kategoria:Abagatan nga Amerika]]
[[Kategoria:Dagiti kontinente]]
[[Kategoria:Nangruna nga artikulo (atiddog)]]</text>
      <sha1>n4oiry2ah792erpperf3bejlcb64ttu</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Golpo ti Mehiko</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="3001" sha1="9xm801s5ocmzykrqvsdp9mvosay4kye" xml:space="preserve">[[Papeles:Fixed gulf map.png|right|thumb|305px|Ti Gólpo iti Méhiko iti tallo a langa a panakakita ({{lang-en|3D}})]]
[[Papeles:15-07-14-Yucatan-Ölfelder-RalfR-WMA 0481.jpg|thumb|Cantarell]]
{{5 a taaw}}

Ti '''Golpo ti Mehiko''' ({{lang-es|Golfo de México}}) ket napalikmutan bassit ti dagdaga a [[labneng ti taaw]] a kaaduan a napalikmutan daytoy ti kontinente ti [[Amianan nga Amerika]] ken ti isla ti [[Cuba|Kuba]].&lt;ref name=&quot;GNIS1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Gólpo iti Méhiko|date=Enero 1, 2000|publisher=Paammo a Sistema ti Heograpiko a Nagnagan|accessdate=Hulio 8, 2010|url=http://geonames.usgs.gov/pls/gnispublic/f?p=gnispq:3:::NO::P3_FID:558730}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nabeddengan daytoy idiay amianan a daya, amianan ken amianan a laud babaen ti [[Golpo a Pantar iti Estados Unidos]], iti abagatan a laud ken abagatan babaen ti [[Mehiko]], ken iti abagatan a daya babaen ti Kuba. Idiay Texas ken Louisiana makunkuna daytoy a ti &quot;Maikatlo a Pantar,&quot; a maigiddiat daytoy kadagiti pantar ti Estados Unidos nga Atlantiko ken Pasipiko. Ti sukog daytoy a labneng ket kasla maratimbukel ken agarup a {{pagbaliwen|810|nmi|km}} ti kalawa na ken napno kadagiti sedimentario a batbato ken tinumek. Naikabit daytoy ti [[Taaw Atlantiko]] babaen ti [[Kipkipet ti Florida]] a nagbaetan ti Estados Unidos ken Kuba, ken ti [[Baybay Karibe]] (a daytoy ket nakaporma ti [[Baybay Amerikano Mediterraneo]]) babaen ti [[Kanal Yucatan]] a nagbaetan ti Mehiko ken Kuba. Iti daytoy a nailet a pannakakabit iti Atlantiko, daytoy a Golpo ket makapadpadas ti bassit a [[Dagiti ugot|sakup ti ugot]]. Ti kadakkel ti labneng ti Golpo ket agarup a 615,000&amp;nbsp;mi² (1.6 a riwriw km²). Gangani a kagudua iti labneng ket ababaw a kontinental a banilag a dandanum. Ti kaadaleman a paset na ket 14,383&amp;nbsp;a pies (4,384&amp;nbsp;m) idiay [[Adalem a Sigsbee]], ti maysa a rinangis a deppaar a sumurok a {{pagbaliwen|300|nmi|km}} (550&amp;nbsp;km) a kaatiddog. Ti labneng ket naglaon ti tomo iti agarup a 660 kuatrillon a galon (2.5 × 10&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt; km&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;).&lt;ref name=&quot;epa&quot;&gt;{{cite web
|url=http://www.epa.gov/gmpo/about/facts.html
|title=Sapasap a Kinapudno a maipapan iti Gólpo iti Méhiko
|publisher=
|accessdate=Disiembre 27, 2006
|archive-date=2006-10-03
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061003033047/http://www.epa.gov/gmpo/about/facts.html
|url-status=dead
}}&lt;/ref&gt; Naporma daytoy idi agarup a 300 a tawtawen a kas resulta iti [[plato a tektoniko]].&lt;ref name=&quot;HuertaOther2012a&quot;&gt;Huerta, A.D., ken D.L. Harry (2012) ''Dagiti Wilsona siklo, tektoniko a panagtawtawid, ken ti panagrengngat iti Amianan nga Amerika a Golpo ti Mehiko nga igid ti kontinente.'' Geosphere. 8(1):GES00725.1, immuna a naipablaak idi Marso 6, 2012, doi:10.1130/GES00725.1&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dagiti nagibasaran ==
{{Reflist}}

== Dagiti akinruar a silpo ==
{{commons-nailinia|Gulf of Mexico}}
{{Listaan dagiti baybay}}
{{Marina-heograpia-pungol}}

[[Kategoria:Golpo ti Mehiko]]
[[Kategoria:Dagiti golpo ti Estados Unidos]]
[[Kategoria:Dagiti golpo ti Taaw Atlantiko]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Gubat ti Bietnam</title>
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      <text bytes="37374" sha1="grc8hk7cdtfsw11n21b34wymvvislg6" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox suppiat ti militar
|partof      = ti [[Nalamiss a Gubat]] ken ti [[Indotsina a Gubgubat]]
|image       = Bruce Crandall's UH-1D.jpg
|image_size  = 300px
|caption     = Ti [[Bell UH-1 Iroquois|Bell UH-1D a helikopter]] a piniloto ni Komandante [[Bruce P. Crandall]] ket sumangsang-at ti langit kalpasan a nangibaba kadagiti inpanteria ti Estados Unidos para iti mision nga [[agbiruk ken dadaelen]]
|
|date        = {{start date|df=yes|1955|11|1}}&lt;ref group=A name=&quot;start date&quot; /&gt; – {{End date|df=yes|1975|4|30}} ({{Age in years and days|1955|11|1|1975|04|30}})
|place       = [[Abagatan a Bietnam]], [[Amianan a Bietnam]], [[Cambodia]], [[Laos]]
|causes      = Panagkaykaysa ti Bietnam (Amianan a Bietnam)&lt;br /&gt;[[Panaglas-ud nga annuroten]] ken [[Domino a teoria]], [[Golpo iti Tonkin a Pasamak]] (Estados Unidos)
|territory   = Panagkaykaysa ti Amianan ken Abagatan a Bietnam iti [[Betnam|Sosialista a Republika ti Bietnam]].
|result      = Panagballigi ti [[Amianan a Bietnam]]
* Panagsanud dagiti [[Siiigam a Buyot iti Estados Unidos|puersa ti Amerikano]] manipud idiay [[Indotsina]]
* Pannakarunaw iti [[Republika iti Bietnam]]
* Nagturay dagiti komunista agobierno idiay [[Panagpadasan a Rebolusionario a Gobierno iti Republika iti Abagatan a Bietnam|Abagatan a Bietnam]], [[Demokratiko a Kampuchea|Cambodia]] ken [[Laos]]
|
|combatant1  = Dagiti puersa ti '''[[Kontra-komunismo|Kontra-Komunista]]:'''
'''{{wagaywayikono|South Vietnam}} [[Republika iti Bietnam]]'''&lt;br /&gt;
'''{{wagayway|Estados Unidos}}'''&lt;br /&gt;
{{wagaywayikono|Republic of Korea}} [[Republika iti Korea]]&lt;br /&gt;
{{wagaywayikono|Australia}} [[Australia]]&lt;br /&gt;
{{wagayway|Filipinas|1919}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{wagayway|Baro a Selanda}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{wagayway|Tailandia}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{wagaywayikono|Cambodia|1970}} [[Khmer a Republika]]&lt;br /&gt;
{{wagaywayikono|Laos|1952}} [[Pagarian iti Laos]]

''Sinuportaran babaen ti:''&lt;br /&gt;
{{wagaywayikono|Spanish State}} [[Francoista nga ESpania|Espania]]&lt;ref&gt;Larsen, Stanley R. ken Collins, James L. Jr. ''Panagdal ti Bietnam: Pannakibinglay dagiti Kumaduaan idiay Bietnam''. Washington, DC: Departamento ti Buyot, 1985. p. 167. Ti Espania ket nangipatulod sangkakuyogan ti medisina idiay Probinsia ti Co Gong idi 1965.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{{wagaywayikono|Republic of China}} [[Republika iti Tsina]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.psywarrior.com/AlliesRepublicVietnam.html|title=ALLIES OF THE REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM |accessdate=24 Septiembre 2011 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|
|combatant2  = Dagiti puersa a'''[[Komunismo|komunista]]:'''
'''{{wagaywayikono|North Vietnam}} [[Demokratiko a Republika iti Bietnam]]'''&lt;br /&gt;
{{wagaywayikono|Republic of South Vietnam}} '''[[Viet Cong]]'''&lt;br /&gt;
{{wagaywayikono|Cambodia|1975}} [[Khmer Rouge]]&lt;br /&gt;
{{wagaywayikono|Laos}} [[Pathet Lao]]

''Sinuportaran babaen ti:''&lt;br /&gt;
{{flag icon|Democratic People's Republic of Korea}} [[Demokratiko a Republika dagiti Tattao iti Korea]]&lt;br /&gt;
{{wagaywayikono|People's Republic of China}} [[Republika dagiti Tattao iti Tsina]] (aginggana ti 1968)&lt;br /&gt;
{{wagayway|Kappon ti Sobiet}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{wagaywayikono|Cuba}} [[Republika iti Kuba]]
|
|strength1   = '''~1,830,000 (1968)'''&lt;br /&gt;
Republika ti Bietnam: 850,000&lt;br /&gt;
Estados Unidos: 536,100&lt;br /&gt;
[[Dagiti Puersa ti Militar ti Nawaya a Lubong]]: 65,000&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.historycentral.com/Vietnam/Troop.html |title=Gubat ti Bietnam : Kapigsa dagiti tropa ti E.U. |publisher=Historycentral.com |accessdate=17 Oktubre 2009 }}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.nps.gov/mrc/reader/vvmcr.htm |title=Dagiti kinapudno a maipanggep ti Pammalagip nga Urnong dagiti Beterano ti Bietnam |publisher=nps.gov |access-date=2012-06-26 |archive-date=2009-12-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091202200812/http://www.nps.gov/mrc/reader/vvmcr.htm |url-status=dead}} (agdakdakamat Dagiti immuna a panggubatan a tropa ti Amerikano a simmanglad idiay  [[Abagatan a Bietnam]] idi Marso 1965, a naisangsangayan ti Maikatlo a Rehimento ti Kuerpo Marina ti E.U., Maikatlo a Dibision ti Kuerpo Marina, a naibaniaga idiay Bietnam manipud idiay Okinawa tapno mangsalaknib ti Da Nang, Bietnam, a dalanan ti eroplano. Idi panawen ti a kakaruan a pannakibinglay ti E.U., 31 Disiembre 1968, dagiti bilang dagiti kumaduaan a puersa ket dagiti sumaganad: 536,100 militar a tropa ti E.U., nga adda dagiti 30,610 militar ti E.U. a natnatayen; 65,000 dagiti Puersa ti Militar ti Nawaya a Lubong; 820,000 Siiigam a Buyot ti Abagatan a Bietnam (SVNAF) nga adda dagiti 88,343 a natnatayen. Iti gibus ti gubat, adda dagiti agarup a 2,200 a napukpukaw ti aksion ti E.U. (MIA) ken naibaludan ti gubat (POW). Taudan: Harry G. Summers, Jr. Alamanak ti Gubat ti Bietnam, Kinapudo ti Panangipablaak dagiti Papeles, 1985.)&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Republika ti Korea: 50,000&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=TGJ9V06p0BQC&amp;pg=PA16 |title=Kuerpo Marina ti Bietnam 1965–73 |publisher=Google Books |date=8 Marso 1965 |accessdate=29 Abril 2011 |archive-date=2013-01-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120034450/http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=TGJ9V06p0BQC&amp;pg=PA16 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Mankomunidad ti Australia: 7,672&lt;br /&gt;
Pagarian ti Tailandia, Filipinas: 10,450&lt;br /&gt;
Baro a Selanda: 552
|
|strength2   = '''461,000'''+&lt;br /&gt;
Demokratiko a Republika iti Bietnam: 287,465 (Enero 1968)&lt;ref&gt;Gubat ti Bietnam kalpasan dagiti Reporta ti Aksion, BACM Research, 2009,  panid 430&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Republika dagiti Tattao iti Tsina: 170,000 (1969)&lt;br /&gt;
Kappon ti Sobiet: 3,000&lt;br /&gt;
Demokratiko a Republika dagiti Tattao iti Korea: 300–600
|
|commander1  = {{wagaywayikono|South Vietnam}} [[Ngo Dinh Diem|Ngô Đình Diệm]] &lt;br /&gt;{{wagaywayikono|South Vietnam}} [[Nguyen Van Thieu|Nguyễn Văn Thiệu]]&lt;br /&gt;{{wagaywayikono| South Vietnam}} [[Nguyen Cao Ky|Nguyễn Cao Kỳ]]&lt;br /&gt;{{wagaywayikono|South Vietnam}} [[Cao Van Vien|Cao Văn Viên]]&lt;br /&gt;{{wagaywayikono|USA}} [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] &lt;br /&gt;{{wagaywayikono|USA}} [[Richard Nixon]]&lt;br /&gt;{{wagaywayikono|USA}} [[William Westmoreland]]&lt;br /&gt;{{wagaywayikono|USA}} [[Creighton Abrams]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Dagiti daulo ti Gubat ti Bietnam|…''ken dadduma pay'']]
|
|commander2  = {{wagaywayikono|North Vietnam}} [[Ho Chi Minh|Hồ Chí Minh]]&lt;br /&gt;{{wagaywayikono|North Vietnam}} [[Le Duan|Lê Duẩn]] &lt;br /&gt;{{wagaywayikono|North Vietnam}} [[Vo Nguyen Giap|Võ Nguyên Giáp]] &lt;br /&gt;{{wagaywayikono|Republic of South Vietnam}} [[Hoang Van Thai|Hoàng Văn Thái]] &lt;br /&gt; {{wagaywayikono|North Vietnam}} [[Van Tien Dung|Văn Tiến Dũng]] &lt;br /&gt;{{wagaywayikono|Republic of South Vietnam}} [[Tran Van Tra|Trần Văn Trà]]&lt;br /&gt;{{wagaywayikono|Republic of South Vietnam}} [[Nguyen Van Linh|Nguyễn Văn Linh]]&lt;br /&gt;{{wagaywayikono|Republic of South Vietnam}} [[Nguyễn Hữu Thọ]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Dagiti daulo ti Gubat ti Bietnam|…''ken dadduma pay'']]
|
|casualties1 = {{wagaywayikono|South Vietnam}} '''Republika ti Bietnam'''&lt;br /&gt;361,000&lt;ref name=FOOTNOTERummel1997 /&gt;-720,000 a natnatay a sibilian;&lt;ref name=FOOTNOTERummel1997 /&gt; natnatay a militar: 220,357 (kababaan a karkulo)&lt;ref name=&quot;aaron&quot; /&gt; – 316,000 a natay (kangatuan a karkulo);&lt;ref name=FOOTNOTERummel1997&gt;{{citation |last=Rummel  |first=R.J |year=1997 |url=http://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/SOD.TAB6.1A.GIF |format=GIF |title=Tabla 6.1A. Bietnam Demosidio : Dagiti karkulo, Dagiti nagtaudan, ken dagiti panagkarlulo, |work=Kawayaan, Demokrasia, Kappia; Bileg, Demosidio, ken Gubat, Unibersidad ti Hawaii a Sistema }}&lt;/ref&gt; 1,170,000 a nasugsugatan&lt;br /&gt;
{{wagaywayikono|Estados Unidos}} '''Estados Unidos'''&lt;br /&gt;58,220 a natnatay;&lt;ref group=A name=USd&amp;w /&gt; 303,644 a nasugsugatan&lt;ref group=A name=USd&amp;w /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{{wagaywayikono|South Korea}} '''Republika ti Korea'''&lt;br /&gt;5,099 a natnatay; 10,962 a nasugsugatan; 4 a napukpukaw&lt;br /&gt;
{{wagaywayikono|Australia}} '''Mankomunidad ti Australia'''&lt;br /&gt;521 a natnatay; 3,000 a nasugsugatan&lt;br /&gt;
{{wagaywayikono|New Zealand}} '''Baro a Selanda'''&lt;br /&gt;37 da natnatay; 187 a nasugsugatan&lt;br /&gt;
{{wagaywayikono|Thailand}} '''Pagarian ti Tailandia'''&lt;br /&gt;1,351 a natnatay&lt;ref name=&quot;aaron&quot; /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{{wagaywayikono|Laos|1952}} '''Pagaraian ti Laos'''&lt;br /&gt;30,000 a natnatay, di am-ammo dagiti nasugatan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.vietnamgear.com/casualties.aspx |title=Dagiti nadangran ti Gubat ti Bietnam |publisher=Vietnamgear.com |date=3 Abril 1995 |accessdate=17 Oktubre 2009 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Dagup dagiti natay: 676,585 – 1,035,585'''&lt;br /&gt;'''Dagup dagiti nasugatan: ~1,490,000+'''
|
|casualties2 = {{wagaywayikono|North Vietnam}}{{wagaywayikono|Republic of South Vietnam}} '''Amianan a Bietnam &amp; NLF'''&lt;br /&gt;50,000&lt;ref name=FOOTNOTERummel1997 /&gt;-182,000&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.pbs.org/battlefieldvietnam/timeline/index2.html |title=Paggugubatan:Linia a Pagurasan ti Bietnam |publisher=Pbs.org |accessdate=31 Oktubre 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; sibilian a natnatay&lt;br /&gt; 533,000 – 1,489,000 a militar a natnatay wenno napukpukaw;&lt;ref name=FOOTNOTERummel1997 /&gt; 600,000+ a nasugsugatan&lt;ref&gt;Soames, John. ''Ti Pakasaritaan iti Lubong'', Routledge, 2005.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{{wagaywayikono|Tsína}} '''Republika dagiti Tattao iti Tsina'''&lt;br /&gt;1,446 a natnatay; 4,200 a nasugsugatan&lt;br /&gt;{{wagaywayikono|Kappon ti Sobiet}} '''Kappon ti Sobiet'''&lt;br /&gt;16 a natnatay&lt;ref&gt;Dunnigan, James &amp; Nofi, Albert: ''Dagiti Babassit a Sekreto ti Gubat ti Bietnam: Dagiti Pakaammo ti Militar a Saanmo koma a Maamuan.'' St. Martin's Press, 2000, p. 284. {{ISBN|0-312-25282-X}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Dagup dagiti natnatay: 584,462-1,672,462'''&lt;br /&gt;'''Dagup dagiti nasugsugatan: ~604,200+'''
|
|casualties3 = 
'''Dagiti sibilian a Bietnamis a natnatay''': 411,000&lt;ref name=FOOTNOTERummel1997 /&gt; – 2,000,000&lt;ref&gt;http://www.nytimes.com/1995/04/23/world/20-years-after-victory-vietnamese-communists-ponder-how-to-celebrate.html?pagewanted=2&amp;src=pm&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
'''Dagiti sibilian a Kambodiano a nanatay''': 200,000 – 300,000*&lt;ref name=&quot;Heuveline, Patrick 2001&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Marek Sliwinski 1995&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Banister, Judith 1993&quot; /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
'''Dagiti sibilian a Laotiano a natnatay''': 20,000 – 200,000*&lt;br /&gt;
'''Dagup dagiti sibilian a natnatay:''' 631,000 – 2,500,000&lt;ref name=&quot;afp1995-a&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=20 a Tawtawen kaplasan ti Panagballigi, Dagiti Bietnamis a Komunista ket Agpanpanunotda no Kasanoda nga Agrambak |first=Philip |last=Shenon |url=http://www.nytimes.com/1995/04/23/world/20-years-after-victory-vietnamese-communists-ponder-how-to-celebrate.html |date=23 Abril 1995 |newspaper=The New York Times |accessdate=24 Pebrero 2011 }} Ti Bietnamis a gobierno ket opisial a nagtunton ti narusanger a karkulo kadagiti 2 a riwriw a natnatay a sibilian, ngem saanna a biningbingay dagitoy a natay ti nagbaetan ti Amianan ken Abagatan a Bietnam.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
'''Total dead''': 1,481,047 – 4,008,047

&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt; ken agibaga dagiti kapagarupan, kitaen ti [[#Dagiti nadangran|Dagiti nadangran]] dita baba&lt;br /&gt;
Para iti adu pay a pakaammo kitaen ti [[Dagiti nadangran ti Gubat ti Bietnam]]
}}

Ti '''Gubat ti Bietnam'''{{#tag:ref|Makunkuna pay a ti ''Maikadua nga Indotsina a Gubat'', ''Bietnam a Suppiat'', ''Amerikano a Gubat'' idiay Bietnam, ken, ken idiay pay Bietnam, a kas ti ''Gubat a panagsuppiat kadagiti Amerikano tapno a Maisalakan ti Pagilian''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://vietnamnews.vnagency.com.vn/Social-Isssues/193440/Two-250kg-wartime-bombs-defused.html |title=Opisial a taudan ti panagusar ti nagan |publisher=Vietnamnews.vnagency.com.vn |date=29 Oktubre 2009 |accessdate=28 Abril 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110429011017/http://vietnamnews.vnagency.com.vn/Social-Isssues/193440/Two-250kg-wartime-bombs-defused.html |archivedate=2011-04-29 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;|group=&quot;A&quot;}} ket maysa idi a [[Nalamiis a Gubat]] a panawen a [[Palikud a gubat|suppiat ti militar]] a rimsua idiay [[Bietnam]], [[Laos]], ken [[Cambodia]] manipud idi 1 Nobiembre 1955{{#tag:ref|Gapu ti nasapa a kaadda dagiti tropa ti Amerikano idiay Bietnam ti petsa a panangrugi ti Gubat ti Bietnam ket narigat a maammuan. Idi 1998 kalpasan ti nangato a panagrepaso babaen ti [[Departamento iti Salaknib ti Estados Unidos|Departamento iti Salaknib (DoD)]] ken babaen dagiti ganetget ti pamilia ni [[Richard B. Fitzgibbon, Jr.|Richard B. Fitzgibbon]] ti panangrugi a petsa ti Gubat ti Bietnam ket nasukatan ti 1 Nobiembre 1955.&lt;ref name=&quot;DoD p. &quot;&gt;{{harvnb|DoD|1998|p=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ti gobierno ti E.U. ket agdama nga agdakdakamat ti 1 Nobiembre 1955 a kas ti panagrugi iti &quot;Bietnam a Suppiat,&quot; gaputa daytoy ket ti aldaw a pannakaibaniaga dagiti Grupo ti Militar a Panagtulong ti Panagbalakad ti E.U. ({{lang-en|U.S. Military Assistance Advisory Group (MAAG)}}) idiay Indotsina (naibaniaga idiay Abagatan a daya nga Asia babaen ni Presidente Truman) ket naurnong manen a kas dagiti naisangsangayan ti pagilian a paspaset ken ti MAAG a Bietnam ket napabangon idi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lawrence p. 20&quot;&gt;{{harvnb|Lawrence|2009|p=[http://books.google.com/books?id=CxtJ56I2cjMC&amp;pg=PA20 20]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dagiti sabsabali pay a petsa a panagrugi ketmairaman idi ti Hanoi ket nangipalubos kadagiti puersa ti Viet Cong idiay Abagatn a Bietnam a mangrugi kadagiti ababa nga agpang ti [[insureksion]] idi Disiembre1956,&lt;ref name=autogenerated1&gt;James Olson ken Randy Roberts, ''Idiay Nagtinnagan ti Domino: Amerika ken Bietnam, 1945–1990'', p. 67 (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1991).&lt;/ref&gt; nga adda dagiti makakitkita a ti 26 Septiembre 1959 idi ti immuna a gubat ket rimsua ti nagbaetan ti Komunista ken Abagatan a Bietnam a Buyot, a kas tipetsa a panagrugi.&lt;ref name=&quot;WarBegan&quot;&gt;[http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/pentagon/pent14.htm Dagiti nagtaudan ti Insureksion idiay Abagatan a Bietnam, 1954–1960] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019184424/https://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/pentagon/pent14.htm |date=2017-10-19 }}, Dagiti Papel ti Pentagon (Gravel nga Edision), Tomo 1, Kapitulio 5, (Boston: Beacon Press, 1971), Paset 3, pp. 314–346; Departamento ti Internasional a Pannakibiang, Kolehio ti Bantay Holyoke.&lt;/ref&gt;
|group=&quot;A&quot;|name=&quot;start date&quot;}} aginggana ti [[Panakatnag iti Saigon]] odi 30 Abril 1975. Daytoy a gubat ket sinarunona ti [[Umuna nga Indotsina a Gubat]] ken naglabana a nagbaetan ti [[Amianan a Bietnam]], ketn sinopurtaran babaen dagiti [[komunismo|komunista]] a kumaduaanna, ken ti gobierno ti [[Abagatan a Bietnam]], a sinopurtaran babaen ti [[Estados Unidos]] ken dagiti sabsabali a [[kontra-komunismo|kontra-komunista]] a pagpagilian.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica |title=Gubat ti Bietnam |quote=Kabayatan a, ti Estados Unidos, ti militarna ket desmoralisado ken dagiti sibilian nga elektorado ket naunegda a nabingbingay, ket nagrugida kadagiti pamay-an a panakaawat ti panaapaay ti kaatddogan ken kaaduan ti nagsuppiat a gubat|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/628478/Vietnam-War |accessdate=5 Marso 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ti [[Viet Cong]] (makunkuna pay a ti Sangauanag ti Nailaina Panagwayawaya, wenno NLF), ti maysa a nalagan a naarmasan nga Abagtana Bietnam a tinengtengngel ti komunista a [[sapasap a sanguanan]], ket kaaduan a nakilablaban ti maysa a [[gerilia a pannakigubatan|gerilia agubat]] a sumuppiat kadagiti konta-komunista a pursa iti dayta a rehion. Ti [[Buyot dagiti Tattao ti Bietnam]] (Buyot ti Amianan a Bietnam) ken nakisinnupiat kadagiti kaaduan a [[kadawyan a pannakigubatan|kadawyan a gubat]], nga adda dagiti panawen nagitalek kadagiti dadakkel a unit iti gubatan. Ti E.U. ken dagiti puersa ti Abagatan a Bietnam ket nagitaltalekda kadagiti [[Supremasia ti angin]] ken ti agparmek a kabilegan tapno agaramid kadagiti [[agbiruk ken dadaelen]] nga operasion, a mairaman dagiti [[Buyot|puersa ti daga]], [[artileria]], ken dagiti [[panagpunta manipud iti tangatang]].

Ti pannakakita ti gobierno ti E.U. ti panakibiang ti daytoy a gubat ket ti kasla dalan a panagpawil ti panagraut dagiti [[komunista]] iti Abagatan a Bietnam a kas paset ti nalawlawa nga estratehia iti  [[panaglas-ud]]. Ti gobierno ti Amianan a Bietnam ken Viet Cong ket nakitkitada daytoy a suppiat a kas maysa a [[kolonial a gubat]], nga immuna a nilabanan a maisuppiat ti [[Pransia]], a sinuportaran babaen ti Estados Unidos, ken kalpasan daytoy ti suppiatan a maipapan ti Abagatan a Bietnam, a daytoy ket naipanunotanda a kas [[tirtiris nga estado]] ti Estados Unidos .&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author=Digital History, Steven Mintz |url=http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/modules/vietnam/index.cfm |title=The Vietnam War |publisher=Digitalhistory.uh.edu |accessdate=31 October 2011 |archive-date=30 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111030062649/http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/modules/vietnam/index.cfm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Dagiti Amerikano nga [[agbalbalakad a militar]] ket simmangpetda idi idiay [[Pranses nga Indotsina]] a nangrugi idi 1950. Ti pannakairaman ti Estados Unidos ket kimmaro idi kasapaan ti 1960, nga dagiti kaadu ti tropa ket natriple idi 1961 ken natriple manen idi 1962.&lt;ref&gt;[http://25thaviation.org/facts/id430.htm Dagiti Estadistika ken Kinapudno I ti Gubat ti Bietnam] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091006085906/http://25thaviation.org/facts/id430.htm |date=2009-10-06 }}, sapot a pagsaaadan ti Maika-25 nga Abiasion a Batalion.&lt;/ref&gt; Dagiti [[Militar nga organisasion|pananakigubat a unit]] ti Estados Unidos ket nagrugida a naibaniaga idi 1965. Dagiti operasio ket naigay-at kadagiti internasional a pagbeddengan, a dagitoy ket nakaro a binomba ti Laos ken Cambodia. Ti Amerikano a pannakairaman ti daytoy a gubat ket kimmaro idi 1968, iti panawen ti [[Tet Offensive|Tet a Panagraut]]. Kalpasan daytoy, dagiti puersa ti daga ti Estados Unidos ket naininutda a naikkat a kas paset ti annuroten nga ammo a kas ti [[Bietnamisasion]]. Uray pay no ti [[Paris a Panagtunos ti kappia]], a pinirmaan dagiti amin a nairaman idi Enero 1973, ti pannakilablaban ket nagtutuloy.

Ti pannakairaman ti Estados Unidos ket nagpatingga idi 15 Agosto 1973 a aks nagbanagan ti [[Case–Church Panagpasayaat]] nga impasa ti Kongreso ti Estados Unidos.&lt;ref&gt;Kolko, Gabriel ''Anatomia iti Gubat'', pp. 457, 461 ff., {{ISBN|1-898876-67-3}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Ti [[Pannakatnag iti Saigon|pannakatiliw iti Saigon]] babaen dagiti Buyot dagiti Tattao iti Bietnam idi Abril 1975 ket nangmarka daytoy ti panagpatingga ti gubat, ken ti Amianan ken Abagatan a Bietnam ket napagkaykaysa ti simmaruno a tawen. Ti gubat ket gapuanan ti adu a bayad iti termino dagiti nadangran (kitaen ti [[Dagiti nadangran ti Gubat ti Bietnam]]).  Dagiti karkulo ti bilang dagiti soldado ti Bietnam ket dagiti sibilian a natnatay ket agdumaduma manipud iti basbassit a maysa a riwriw&lt;ref&gt;Charles Hirschman et al., &quot;Dagiti nadangran a Bietnamis idi Panawen ti Amerikano a Gubat: Baro a Karkulo,&quot; Panagrepaso ti Populasion ken Panagrang-ay, Disiembre 1995.&lt;/ref&gt; aginggana iti ad-adu ngem tallo a riwriw.&lt;ref name=&quot;afp1995&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=20 a Tawtawen Kalpasan ti Panagballigi, Dagiti Bietnamis a Komunista ket Agpanpanunotda no Kasanoda nga Agrambak |first=Philip |last=Shenon |url=http://www.nytimes.com/1995/04/23/world/20-years-after-victory-vietnamese-communists-ponder-how-to-celebrate.html |date=23 Abril 1995 |newspaper=The New York Times |accessdate=24 Pebrero 2011 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Associated Press, 3 Abril 1995, &quot;Ti Bietnam ket agkunkuna a 1.1 a Riwriw dagiti Natnatay a Nakilablaban Para iti Amianan.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; Addda ti 200,000–300,000 a [[Tattao a Khmer|Kambodiano]],&lt;ref name=&quot;Heuveline, Patrick 2001&quot;&gt;Heuveline, Patrick (2001). &quot;Ti Demograpiko a Panagusig iti Mortalidad idiay Kambodia.&quot; Iti Napilit a Panagtalaw ken Mortalidad, eds. Holly E. Reed ken Charles B. Keely. Washington, D.C.: Nailian nga Akademia a Pagmalditan.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Marek Sliwinski 1995&quot;&gt;Marek Sliwinski, Le Génocide Khmer Rouge: Une Analyse Démographique (L'Harmattan, 1995).&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Banister, Judith 1993&quot;&gt;Banister, Judith, ken Paige Johnson (1993). &quot;After the Nightmare: The Population of Cambodia.&quot; In Genocide and Democracy in Cambodia: The Khmer Rouge, the United Nations and the International Community, ed. Ben Kiernan. New Haven, Conn.: Unibersidad ti Yale a Panagadadal ti Abagatan a daya nga Asia .&lt;/ref&gt; 20,000–200,000 [[Tattao a Lao|Laotiano]],&lt;ref&gt;Warner, Roger, Punpuntaan ti Bulan, (1996), pp366, nagkarkulo ti 30,000 a Hmong.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Obermeyer, &quot;Limapulo a tawtawen dagiti natnatay ti naranggas a gubat manipud iti Bietnam aginggana ti Bosnia&quot;, ''Medisina a Warnakan ti Britaniko,'' 2008, nagkarkulo ti 60,000 a dagup.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;T. Lomperis, ''Manipud iti Gubat dagiti Tattao aginggan ti Panagturay dagiti Tattao,'' (1996), nagkarkulo ti 35,000 a dagup.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Small, Melvin &amp; Joel David Singer, ''Agresorta kadagiti Armas: Internasional ken Sibil a Gubagubat 1816–1980'', (1982), nagkarkulo ti 20,000 a dagup.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Taylor, Charles Lewis, ''Ti Libro ti Lubong iti Politiko a Sosial a Pangituduan,'' nagkarkulo ti 20,000 a dagup.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Stuart-Fox, Martin, ''Pakasaritaan iti Laos,'' nagkarkulo ti 200,000 babaen idi 1973.&lt;/ref&gt; ken 58,220 a kamkamen dagiti serbisio ti Estados Unidos ket natnatay pay iti daytoy a suppiat.{{#Tag:Ref|Dagiti bilang ti 58,220 ken 303,644 para kadagiti natnatay ti E.U. ken nasugsugatan ket nanipud ti Departamento iti Dibision ti Estadistika iti Panagusig ti Pakaammo (SIAD), Defense Manpower Data Center, ken nanipud pay idiay Departamento dagiti Beterano ti kipudno a papel a napetsaan idi Mayo 2010&lt;ref&gt;{{cite report |date=26 Pebrero 2010 |title=Dagiti Gubat ti Amerika |url=http://www1.va.gov/opa/publications/factsheets/fs_americas_wars.pdf |publisher=Departamento ti Beterano a Pannakibiang |access-date=2012-06-26 |archive-date=2014-01-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140124020810/http://www.va.gov/opa/publications/factsheets/fs_americas_wars.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; ti CRS ([[Serbiso ti Kongreso a Panagsukisok]]) Reporta para iti Kongreso, Amerikano a Gubat ken dagiti Nadangran ti Militar nga Operasion: Dagiti Listaan ken Estadistika, napetsaan ti 26 Pebrero 2010,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite report |date=26 Pebrero 2010 |title=Amerikano a Gubat ken dagiti Nadangran ti Militar nga Operasion: Dagiti Listaan ken Estadistika |url=http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/RL32492.pdf |author1=Anne Leland |author2=Mari–Jana &quot;M-J&quot; Oboroceanu |publisher=Serbiso ti Kongreso a Panagsukisok |access-date=2012-06-26 |archive-date=2021-03-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210310173522/https://fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/RL32492.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; ken ti libro a Kriso a Bietnam: Panaglaplagip ti Inpateria a Teniente.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Lawrence|2009|pp=[http://books.google.com/books?id=CxtJ56I2cjMC&amp;pg=PA65 65], [http://books.google.com/books?id=CxtJ56I2cjMC&amp;pg=PA107 107], [http://books.google.com/books?id=CxtJ56I2cjMC&amp;pg=PA154 154], [http://books.google.com/books?id=CxtJ56I2cjMC&amp;pg=PA217 217]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Adda dagiti sabali a nagtaudan nga agited kadagiti sabali a bilang (a kas ti 2005/2006 a dokumentario a ''Puso iti Kasipngetan: Dagiti Kronika ti Gubat ti Bietnam 1945–1975'' a nagdakat iti daytoy nga artkulo ket agited ti bilang iti 58,159 a natnatay ti E.U.,&lt;ref name=&quot;aaron&quot;&gt;{{cite video |people = Aaron Ulrich (editor); Edward FeuerHerd (nagpatpataud ken direktor) |date=2005–2006 |title = Puso iti Kasipngetan: Dagiti Kronika ti Gubat ti Bietnam 1945–1975 |medium = Dokumentario|publisher = Koch Vision |time = 321 a minuto |isbn = 1-4172-2920-9 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ken ti 2007 libro a ''Annak a Lallaki ti Bietnam'' ket agited ti bilang iti 58,226)&lt;ref&gt;Kueter, Dale.  ''Annak a Lallaki ti Bietnam:  Para kadagiti dadduma, ti Gubat ket Saan pay a Nalpas.''  AuthorHouse (Marso 21, 2007).   {{ISBN|978-1-4259-6931-8}}&lt;/ref&gt;|name=USd&amp;w|group=A}}

== Anotasion ==
{{Reflist|group=&quot;A&quot;}}

== Paammo ==
{{Reflist}}

== Dagiti nagibasaran ==
=== Dagiti maikadua a nagtaudan ===
{{Refbegin|30em}}
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*Baker, Kevin. &quot;Stabbed in the Back! The past and future of a right-wing myth&quot;, ''Harper's Magazine'' (June 2006) {{cite web |url = http://www.harpers.org/archive/2006/06/0081080 |title = Stabbed in the back! The past and future of a right-wing myth (Harper's Magazine) |accessdate = 11 Hunio 2008 |archive-date = 2012-10-19 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121019134514/http://harpers.org/archive/2006/06/0081080 |url-status = dead }}
*Angio, Joe. ''Nixon a Presidency Revealed'' (2007) The History Channel television documentary
*Berman, Larry. ''Lyndon Johnson's War: The Road to Stalemate'' (1991).
*Blaufarb, Douglas. ''The Counterinsurgency Era'' (1977) a history of the Kennedy Administration's involvement in South Vietnam.
*Brigham, Robert K. ''Battlefield Vietnam: A Brief History'' a PBS interactive website
*{{Cite book|last=Brocheux|first=Pierre |title=Ho Chi Minh: a biography|year=2007|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-85062-9|pages=[http://books.google.com.ph/books?id=fJtqjYiVbUAC&amp;pg=PA198 198]}}
*Buckley, Kevin. [http://chss.montclair.edu/english/furr/Vietnam/buckley.html &quot;Pacification's Deadly Price&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120510130004/http://chss.montclair.edu/english/furr/Vietnam/buckley.html |date=2012-05-10 }}, ''Newsweek'', 19 Hunio 1972. &lt;!--accessed 7, 5 August 2008--&gt;
*Buzzanco, Bob. &quot;25 Years After End of Vietnam War: Myths Keep Us From Coming To Terms With Vietnam&quot;, ''The Baltimore Sun'' (17 April 2000) {{cite web |url = http://www.commondreams.org/views/041700-106.htm |title = 25 Years After End Of Vietnam War Myths Keep Us From Coming To Terms With Vietnam |accessdate = 11 June 2008 |archive-date = 5 June 2008 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080605195117/http://www.commondreams.org/views/041700-106.htm |url-status = dead }}
*Church, Peter ed. ''A Short History of South-East Asia'' (2006).
*Cooper, Chester L. ''The Lost Crusade: America in Vietnam'' (1970) a Washington insider's memoir of events.
*{{Cite book|last=Courtwright|first=David T.|title=Sky as frontier: adventure, aviation, and empire|url=https://archive.org/details/skyasfrontieradv0000cour|edition=2005|year=2005|publisher=Texas A&amp;M University Press|isbn=1-58544-419-7}}
*Demma, Vincent H. &quot;The U.S. Army in Vietnam.&quot; ''American Military History'' (1989) the official history of the United States Army. Available [http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/academic/history/marshall/military/vietnam/short.history/chap_28.txt online]
*{{cite book |last=Dennis |first=Peter |title=The Oxford Companion to Australian Military History |publisher=Oxford University Press Australia &amp; New Zealand |location=Melbourne |year=2008 |edition=Maika-2 |isbn=978-0-19-551784-2}}
*{{cite web|last = DoD|date = 6 Nobiembre 1998|url = http://www.defense.gov/releases/release.aspx?releaseid=1902|title = Name of Technical Sergeant Richard B. Fitzgibbon to be added to the Vietnam Veterans Memorial|publisher = Department of Defense (DoD)|accessdate = 31 Marso 2010|quote = |archive-date = 2013-10-20|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131020044326/http://www.defense.gov/Releases/Release.aspx?ReleaseID=1902|url-status = dead }}
*Duiker, William J. ''The Communist Road to Power in Vietnam'' (1996).
*Duncanson, Dennis J. ''Government and Revolution in Vietnam'' (1968).
*Fincher, Ernest Barksdale, ''The Vietnam War'' (1980).
*Ford, Harold P. ''CIA and the Vietnam Policymakers: Three Episodes, 1962–1968.'' (1998).
*Gerdes, Louise I. ed. ''Examining Issues Through Political Cartoons: The Vietnam War'' (2005).
*Gettleman, Marvin E.; Franklin, Jane; Young, Marilyn ''Vietnam and America: A Documented History.'' (1995).
*Hammond, William. ''Public Affairs: The Military and the Media, 1962–1968'' (1987); ''Public Affairs: The Military and the Media, 1068–1973'' (1995). full-scale history of the war by U.S. Army; much broader than title suggests.
*{{cite book|last=Healy|first=Gene|title=The Cult of the Presidency: America's Dangerous Devotion to Executive Power|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=MRA2jIyejwAC|year=2009|publisher=Cato Institute|isbn=978-1-933995-19-9}}
*Herring, George C''. America's Longest War: The United States and Vietnam, 1950–1975'' (4th ed 2001), most widely used short history.
*Hitchens, Christopher. ''The Vietnam Syndrome''.
*{{Cite book|last=Karnow|first=Stanley|authorlink=|title=Vietnam: A History|url=https://archive.org/details/vietnamhistory00karn_0|edition=1991|year=1991|publisher=Viking Press|isbn=0-670-84218-4}}; popular history by a former foreign correspondent; strong on Saigon's plans.
*Kutler, Stanley ed. ''Encyclopedia of the Vietnam War'' (1996).
*{{Cite book|last=Lawrence|first=A. T.|title = Crucible Vietnam: Memoir of an Infantry Lieutenant|edition=2009|year=2009| publisher = McFarland| isbn= 0-7864-4517-3}}.
*Lawrence, Mark Atwood.  &quot;The Vietnam War: A Concise International History&quot;, 2008, Oxford University Press.
*Leepson, Marc ed. ''Dictionary of the Vietnam War'' (1999) New York: Webster's New World.
*Lewy, Guenter. ''America in Vietnam'' (1978), defends U.S. actions.
*Logevall, Fredrik. ''The Origins of the Vietnam War'' (Longman [Seminar Studies in History] 2001).
*McMahon, Robert J. ''Major Problems in the History of the Vietnam War: Documents and Essays'' (1995) textbook.
*McNamara, Robert, James Blight, Robert Brigham, Thomas Biersteker, Herbert Schandler, ''Argument Without End: In Search of Answers to the Vietnam Tragedy'', (Public Affairs, 1999).
*{{cite book |last=McGibbon|first=Ian |title=The Oxford Companion to New Zealand Military History |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Auckland |year=2000 |edition= |isbn=0-19-558376-0}}
*{{Cite book |last=McNeill |first=Ian |title=To Long Tan: The Australian Army and the Vietnam War 1950–1966 |url=https://archive.org/details/tolongtanaustral0000mcne |publisher=Allen &amp; Unwin |location=St Leonards |year=1993 |isbn=1-86373-282-9 }}
*Milne, David. ''America's Rasputin: Walt Rostow and the Vietnam War'' (Hill &amp; Wang, 2008).
*Moise, Edwin E. ''Historical Dictionary of the Vietnam War'' (2002).
*{{Cite book|last=Moïse|first=Edwin E.|title=Tonkin Gulf and the escalation of the Vietnam War|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780807823002|edition=1996|year=1996|publisher=UNC Press|isbn=0-8078-2300-7}}
*Moss, George D. ''Vietnam'' (4th ed 2002) textbook.
*Moyar, Mark. ''Triumph Forsaken: The Vietnam War, 1954–1965'', (Cambridge University Press; 412 pages; 2006). A revisionist history that challenges the notion that U.S. involvement in Vietnam was misguided; defends the validity of the domino theory and disputes the notion that Ho Chi Minh was, at heart, a nationalist who would eventually turn against his Communist Chinese allies.
*Major General Spurgeon Neel. ''Medical Support of the U.S. Army in Vietnam 1965–1970'' (Department of the Army 1991) official medical history
*Nulty, Bernard.''The Vietnam War'' (1998) New York: Barnes and Noble.
*{{Cite book|last=Osborn|first=Terry A.| title = The future of foreign language education in the United States|edition=2002|year=2002| publisher = Greenwood Publishing Group| isbn= 978-0-89789-719-8}}
*Palmer, Bruce, Jr. ''The Twenty-Five Year War'' (1984), narrative military history by a senior U.S. general.
*Schell, Jonathan. ''The Time of Illusion'' (1976).
*Schulzinger, Robert D. ''A Time for War: The United States and Vietnam, 1941–1975'' (1997).
*Sorley, Lewis, ''A Better War: The Unexamined Victories and Final Tragedy of America's Last Years in Vietnam'' (1999), based upon still classified tape-recorded meetings of top level US commanders in Vietnam, {{ISBN|0-15-601309-6}}
*Spector, Ronald. ''After Tet: The Bloodiest Year in Vietnam'' (1992), very broad coverage of 1968.
*{{Cite book|last=Stanton|first=Shelby L.| title = Vietnam order of battle|edition=2003|year=2003| publisher = Stackpole Books| isbn= 0-8117-0071-2}}
*Summers, Harry G. [http://books.google.com/books?id=-Z4l-ZySVWwC ''On Strategy: A Critical Analysis of the Vietnam War''], Presidio press (1982), {{ISBN|0-89141-563-7}} (225 pages)
*Tucker, Spencer. ed. ''Encyclopedia of the Vietnam War'' (1998) 3 vol. reference set; also one-volume abridgement (2001).
*{{cite book|last=Willbanks|first=James H.|title=Vietnam War almanac|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=X5WWklFB5O4C|year=2009|publisher=Infobase Publishing|isbn=978-0-8160-7102-9}}
*Witz, James J. ''The Tet Offensive: Intelligence Failure in War'' (1991).
*Young, Marilyn, B. ''The Vietnam Wars: 1945–1990.'' (1991).
*Xiaoming, Zhang. &quot;China's 1979 War With Vietnam: A Reassessment&quot;, ''China Quarterly.'' Issue no. 184, (December 2005) {{cite web |url = http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&amp;aid=358806 |title = CJO – Abstract – China's 1979 War with Vietnam: A Reassessment |accessdate = 11 June 2008 |archive-date = 31 October 2007 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071031013014/http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&amp;aid=358806 |url-status = dead }}
{{Refend}}

=== Dagiti kangrunaan a nagtaudan ===
{{refbegin|30em}}
*Carter, Jimmy. ''[http://www.usdoj.gov/pardon/carter_proclamation.htm By The President Of The United States Of America, A Proclamation Granting Pardon For Violations Of The Selective Service Act], 4 August 1964 To 28 Marso 1973'' (21 Enero 1977)
*Central Intelligence Agency. &quot;[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/la.html#history Laos] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101229000748/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/la.html#history |date=2010-12-29 }}&quot;, ''CIA World Factbook''
*Kolko, Gabriel [http://www.counterpunch.org/kolko04292005.html The End of the Vietnam War, 30 Years Later] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012020407/http://counterpunch.org/kolko04292005.html |date=2007-10-12 }}
*Eisenhower, Dwight D. ''Mandate for Change.'' (1963) a presidential political memoir
*Ho, Chi Minh. &quot;Vietnam Declaration of Independence&quot;, ''Selected Works.'' (1960–1962) selected writings
*LeMay, General Curtis E. and Kantor, MacKinlay. ''Mission with LeMay'' (1965) autobiography of controversial former Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force
*Kissinger, United States Secretary of State Henry A. [http://www.ford.utexas.edu/library/exhibits/vietnam/750512a.htm &quot;Lessons on Vietnam&quot;, (1975) secret memoranda to U.S. President Ford] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070609093415/http://www.ford.utexas.edu/library/exhibits/vietnam/750512a.htm |date=2007-06-09 }}
*Kim A. O'Connell, ed. ''Primary Source Accounts of the Vietnam War'' (2006)
*McCain, John. ''Faith of My Fathers: A Family Memoir'' (1999) *Marshall, Kathryn. ''In the Combat Zone: An Oral History of American Women in Vietnam, 1966–1975'' (1987)
*Martin, John Bartlow. ''Was Kennedy Planning to Pull out of Vietnam?'' (1964) oral history for the John F. Kennedy Library, tape V, reel 1.
*Myers, Thomas. ''Walking Point: American Narratives of Vietnam'' (1988)
*''Public Papers of the Presidents, 1965'' (1966) official documents of U.S. presidents.
*Schlesinger, Arthur M. Jr. ''Robert Kennedy and His Times.'' (1978) a first-hand account of the Kennedy administration by one of his principal advisors
*Sinhanouk, Prince Norodom. &quot;Cambodia Neutral: The Dictates of Necessity.&quot; ''Foreign Affairs.'' (1958) describes the geopolitical situation of Cambodia
*Tang, Truong Nhu. ''A Vietcong Memoir'' (1985), revealing account by senior NLF official
*Terry, Wallace, ed. ''Bloods: An Oral History of the Vietnam War by Black Veterans'' (1984)
*{{Cite book| last =Truong| first =Như Tảng; David Chanoff, Van Toai Doan| authorlink =| title =A Vietcong memoir| url =https://archive.org/details/vietcongmemoir00trng| edition =1985| year =1985| publisher =Harcourt Brace Jovanovich| isbn =978-0-15-193636-6}}&lt;small&gt;- Total pages: 350 &lt;/small&gt;
*The landmark series Vietnam: A Television History, first broadcast in 1983, is a special presentation of the award-winning PBS history series, American Experience.
*''The Pentagon Papers'' (Gravel ed. 5 vol 1971); combination of narrative and secret documents compiled by Pentagon. [http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/pentagon/pent1.html excerpts] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180818075800/http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/pentagon/pent1.html |date=2018-08-18 }}
*U.S. Department of State. ''Foreign Relations of the United States'' (multivolume collection of official secret documents) [https://web.archive.org/web/20111022140740/http://www.state.gov/www/about_state/history/vol_i/index.html vol 1: 1964]; [https://web.archive.org/web/20000303113215/http://www.state.gov/www/about_state/history/vol_ii/index.html vol 2: 1965]; ; [https://web.archive.org/web/20111022140748/http://www.state.gov/www/about_state/history/vol_iv/index.html vol 4: 1966];
*U.S. Department of Defense and the House Committee on Armed Services. ''U.S.-Vietnam Relations, 1945–1967.'' Washington, D.C. Department of Defense and the House Committee on Armed Services, 1971, 12 volumes.
*Vann, John Paul [http://www.answers.com/topix/john-paul-vann-44k ''Quotes from Answers.com''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110429011907/http://www.answers.com/topix/john-paul-vann-44k |date=2011-04-29 }} Lt. Colonel, U.S. Army, DFC, DSC, advisor to the ARVN 7th Division, early critic of the conduct of the war.
{{Refend}}

[[Kategoria:Gubat ti Bietnam]]
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    <title>Listaan dagiti bise presidente ti Estados Unidos</title>
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      <text bytes="71067" sha1="9str9yw2g8s35on6eog5p8ee4ncjhr9" xml:space="preserve">{| class=wikitable style=&quot;float:right; margin:0 0 0.5em 1em;&quot;
! colspan=2 | Bilang dagiti bise presidente&lt;br/&gt;babaen ti partido a panakaikaduaan
|- {{party shading/Republican}}
|[[Partido Republikano (Estados Unidos)|Republikano]]
|align=right|20
|- {{party shading/Democratic}}
|[[Partido Demokratiko (Estados Unidos)|Demokratiko]]
|align=right|18
|- {{party shading/Democratic-Republican}}
|[[Partido Demokratiko-Republikano (Estados Unidos)|Demokratiko-Republikano]]
|align=right|6
|- {{party shading/Whig}}
|[[Partido Whig (Estados Unidos)|Whig]]
|align=right|2
|-{{party shading/Federalist}}
|[[Partido Pederalista (Estados Unidos)|Pederalista]]
|align=right|1
|}
Adda idin dagiti 47 a [[Bise Presidente iti Estados Unidos|bise presidente iti Estados Unidos]], manipud kenni [[John Adams]] aginggana kenni [[Joe Biden]]. Ti panakaisigudan, ti Bise Presidente ket isu idi ti tao a nakaawat ti maikadua a kaaduan a butos para iti [[Presidente iti Estados Unidos|Presidente]] iti [[Elektoral a Kolehio (Estados UNidos)|Elektoral a Kolehio]]. Nupay kasta, iti [[panagbutos ti 1800]] ti maysa a nagpada nga elektoral a kolehio a nagbaetan ni [[Thomas Jefferson]] ken ni [[Aaron Burr]] ket nangiturong ti panagpili iti Presidente babaen ti [[Kamara dagiti Pannakabagi ti Estados Unidos|Kamara dagiti Pannakabagi]]. Tapno mapawilan ti kastoy a manen a mapasamak, ti [[Maikasangapulo ket dua a Panagpasayaat iti Batay-linteg ti Estados Unidos|Maikasangapulo ket dua a Panagpasayaat]] ket nainayon idi ti Batay-linteg, a nakapartuat ti agdama a sistema a dagiti elektorado ket agbutosda ti sabali a balota para iti bise presidente.&lt;ref name=&quot;Senate&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=Bise Presidente iti Estados Unidos (Presidente iti Senado) | publisher=Senado ti Estados Unidos | url=http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/briefing/Vice_President.htm | accessdate=Hunio 10, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ti Bise Presidente ket adda laeng ti bassit a bileg wenno dagiti tignay a nalawag a naited para iti Batay-linteg. Ti kangrunaan nga opisio ti Bise Presidente ket ti [[Linia a panagsasaruno ti presidente ti Estados Unidos|panagisarunona ti kinapresidenete]] no ti Presidente ket matay, agikkat, wenno mapabasol ken maikkat ti opisina. Adda siam kadagiti bise presidente ti kastoy a ngimmato ti kinapresidente: walo babaen ti ipupusay ti presidente, ken maysa, ni [[Gerald Ford]], babaen ti panagikkat tipresidente. Iti pay maipatinayon, ti Bise Presidente ket agserbi a kas ti Presidente ti  [[Senado ti Estados Unidos|Senado]] ken mabalin nga agpili nga agbutos panaggudua ti agkapada a butos kadagiti maikeddeng nga aramid babaen ti Senado. Dagiti Bise Presidente ket nangisanayda ti daytoy a bileg kadagiti nadumaduma agay-at kadagiti napalabas a tawen.&lt;ref name=&quot;Senate&quot; /&gt; Ti pinakabise presidente ket inlawlawagan babaen ti dati a bise presidente a ni [[John Nance Garner]] idi 1960 a kas ti &quot;nawan pategna a nabara nga [[isbo]]&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | first=Sidney | last=Blumenthal | title=Ti imperial a kinabise presidente| url=http://www.salon.com/opinion/blumenthal/2007/06/28/cheney/ | publisher=Salon.com | date=Hunio 28, 2007 | accessdate=Septiembre 22, 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sakbay ti panakaipasa ti [[Maikaduapulo ket lima a Panagpasayaat iti Batay-linteg ti Estados Unidos|Maikaduapulo ket lima a Panagpasayaat]], ti pannakabakante tiopisina ti Bise Presidente ket saan a mabalin a masukatan aginggana ti sumaruno a panagbutos. Adu kadagiti kastoy a pannakabakanten; sangapulo ket innem ti napasamak sakbay a napasingkedan ti maika-25 a Panagpasayaat – a kas nagbanagan ti pito nga ipupusay, maysa a panagikkat ([[John C. Calhoun]], nga isu ket nagikkat tapno sumrek ti Kongreso), ken walo a kaso a ti bise presidente ket simmaruno iti kinapresidente. Daytoy a panagpasayaat ket nangpalubos ti panakapunno ti bakante babaen ti panagidutok ti Presidente ken panagpasingked babaen dagiti dua a kamara ti [[Kongreso ti Estados Unidos]]. Manipud ti panakapasingked ti Panagpasayaat, dua a bise presidente ti nadutokan babaen ti daytoy a panmay-an, ni [[Gerald Ford]] iti [[Michigan]] idi 1973 ken ni [[Nelson Rockefeller]] iti [[Estado ti New York]] idi 1974.&lt;ref name=&quot;Senate&quot; /&gt;

Dagiti bise presidente ket nabutosanen manipud kadagiti  21 nga estado. Adadu ngem kagudua ken nanipud laeng kadagiti lima nga estado, New York (11), Indiana (5), Massachusetts (4), Kentucky (3), ken Texas (3). Kaaduan kadagiti bise presidente ket agtawen ti 50 wenno 60 ken adda ti panakasanayda ti politiko sakbay a nagtakem ti opisina.&lt;ref name=&quot;Senate&quot; /&gt;

==Listaan dagiti Bise Presidente==
;Dagiti Partido
{{legend2|{{Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color}}|[[Partido Demokratiko (Estados Unidos)|Demokratiko]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|{{Democratic-Republican Party (United States)/meta/color}}|[[Partido Demokratiko-Republikano (Estados Unidos)|Demokratiko-Republikano]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|{{Federalist Party (United States)/meta/color}}|[[Partido Pederalista (Estados Unidos)|Pederalista]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|{{Republican Party (United States)/meta/color}}|[[Partido Republikano (Estados Unidos)|Republikano]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|{{Whig Party (United States)/meta/color}}|[[Partido Whig (Estados Unidos)|Whig]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}

{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|- style=&quot;background:#B5B5B5&quot;
! Bilang
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Bise Presidente iti Estados Unidos|Bise Presidente]]
! Estado
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Paset ti panawen iti opisina
! Partido
! Termino&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;(Pannakabutos)&lt;/small&gt;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Presidente
! Dagiti paammo
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background: {{Federalist Party (United States)/meta/color}}; color:white;&quot; | '''1'''
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Papeles:JohnAdams 2nd US President.jpg|75px|John Adams]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | '''[[John Adams]]'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;(1735–1826)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=John Adams | publisher=Senado ti Estados Unidos | url=http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/VP_John_Adams.htm | accessdate=Disiembre 12, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=A000039 | title=Adams, John | work=[[Biograpiko a Direktorio ti Kongreso ti Estados Unidos]] | publisher=Eskribiente ti Kamara dagiti Pannakabagi ti Estados Unidos ken Historiador ti Senado ti Estados Unidos | accessdate=Agosto 12, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Massachusetts]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | {{Dts|1789-4-21}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | {{Dts|1797-3-4}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Partido Pederalista (Estados Unidos)|Pederalista]]
| 1.&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;([[Panagbutos ti presidente ti Estados Unidos, 1788–1789|1789]])&lt;/small&gt;
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[George Washington|Washington]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | {{#tag:ref|Arriving in New York City before President-elect [[George Washington]], Adams was sworn as Vice President nine days before the President.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Ti Senado ket Mangisagsagana para iti Presidente | publisher=Senado ti Estado sUNidos | url=http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/minute/The_Senate_Prepares_For_A_President.htm | accessdate=Disiembre 12, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;|group=&quot;note&quot;}}
|-
| 2.&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;([[Panagbutos ti presidente ti Estados Unidos, 1792|1792]])&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background: {{Democratic-Republican Party (United States)/meta/color}}; color:white;&quot; | '''2'''
| [[Papeles:Thomas Jefferson by Rembrandt Peale, 1800.jpg|75px|Thomas Jefferson]]
| '''[[Thomas Jefferson]]'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;(1743–1826)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Thomas Jefferson | publisher=Senado ti Estados Unidos | url=http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/VP_Thomas_Jefferson.htm | accessdate =Disiembre 12, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=J000069 | title=Jefferson, Thomas | work=Biograpiko a Direktorio ti Kongreso ti Estados Unidos | publisher=Eskribiente ti Kamara dagiti Pannakabagi ti Estados Unidos ken Historiador ti Senado ti Estados Unidos | accessdate=Agosto 12, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Virginia]]
| {{Dts|1797-3-4}}
| {{Dts|1801-3-4}}
| [[Partido Demokratiko-Republikano|Demokratiko-&lt;br /&gt;Republikano]]
| 3.&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;([[Panagbutos ti presidente ti Estados Unidos, 1796|1796]])&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background: {{Federalist Party (United States)/meta/color}};&quot; |
| [[John Adams|Adams]]
| 
|-
| style=&quot;background: {{Democratic-Republican Party (United States)/meta/color}}; color:white;&quot; | '''3'''
| [[papeles:John Vanderlyn - Official Portrait of Vice President Aaron Burr.jpg|75px|Aaron Burr]]
| '''[[Aaron Burr, Jr.]]'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;(1756–1836)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Aaron Burr | publisher=Senado ti Estados Unidos | url=http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/VP_Aaron_Burr.htm | accessdate=Hunio 10, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=B001133 | title=Burr, Aaron | work=Biograpiko a Direktorio ti Kongreso ti Estados Unidos | publisher=Eskribiente ti Kamara dagiti Pannakabagi ti Estados Unidos ken Historiador ti Senado ti Estados Unidos | accessdate=Agosto 12, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[New York]]
| {{Dts|1801-3-4}}
| {{Dts|1805-3-4}}
| [[Partido Demokratiko-Republikano|Demokratiko-&lt;br /&gt;Republikano]]
| 4.&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;([[Panagbutos ti presidente ti Estados Unidos, 1800|1800]])&lt;/small&gt;
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background: {{Democratic-Republican Party (United States)/meta/color}};&quot; |
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Thomas Jefferson|Jefferson]]
| 
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background: {{Democratic-Republican Party (United States)/meta/color}}; color:white;&quot; | '''4'''
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Papeles:George Clinton by Ezra Ames.jpg|75px|George Clinton]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | '''[[George Clinton (bise presidente)|George Clinton]]'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;(1739–1812)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | title=George Clinton | publisher=Senado ti Estados Unidos | url=http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/VP_George_Clinton.htm | accessdate=Hunio 10, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=C000527 | title=Clinton, George | work=Biograpiko a Direktorio ti Kongreso ti Estados Unidos | publisher=Eskribiente ti Kamara dagiti Pannakabagi ti Estados Unidos ken Historiador ti Senado ti Estados Unidos | accessdate=Agosto 12, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[New York]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | {{Dts|1805-3-4}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | {{Dts|1812-4-20}}&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;''(pimmusay)''&lt;/small&gt;
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[partido Demokratiko-Republikano|Demokratiko-&lt;br /&gt;Republikano]]
| 5.&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;([[Panagbutos ti presidente ti Estados Unidos, 1804|1804]])&lt;/small&gt;
| 
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 6.&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;([[Panagbutos ti presidente ti Estados Unidos, 1808|1808]])&lt;/small&gt;
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background: {{Democratic-Republican Party (United States)/meta/color}};&quot; |
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | [[James Madison|Madison]]
| height=30 | {{#tag:ref|Pimmusay iti opisina|group=&quot;note&quot;|name=&quot;died&quot;}}
|-
| style=&quot;background:#ccc;&quot;| ''1''
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | ''[[Agtigtignay a Bise Presidente|Bakante babaen ti ipupusay]]''
| 
| {{Dts|1812-4-20}}
| {{Dts|1813-3-4}}
| 
| 
|-
| style=&quot;background: {{Democratic-Republican Party (United States)/meta/color}}; color:white;&quot; | '''5'''
| [[Papeles:05 Elbridge Gerry 3x4.jpg|75px|Elbridge Gerry]]
| '''[[Elbridge Gerry]]'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;(1744–1814)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Elbridge Gerry | publisher=Senado ti Estados Unidos | url=http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/VP_Elbridge_Gerry.htm | accessdate=Hunio 10, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=G000139 | title=Gerry, Elbridge | work=Biograpiko a Direktorio ti Kongreso ti Estados Unidos | publisher=Eskribiente ti Kamara dagiti Pannakabagi ti Estados Unidos ken Historiador ti Senado ti Estados Unidos | accessdate=Agosto 12, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Massachusetts]]
| {{Dts|1813-3-4}}
| {{Dts|1814-11-23}}&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;''(Pimmusay)''&lt;/small&gt;
| [[Partido Demokratiko-Republikano|Demokratiko-&lt;br /&gt;Republikano]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 7.&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;([[Panagbutos ti presidente ti Estados Unidos, 1812|1812]])&lt;/small&gt;
| &lt;ref group=&quot;note&quot; name=&quot;died&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background:#ccc;&quot;| ''2''
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | ''[[Agtigtignay a Bise Presidente|Bakante babaen ti ipupusay]]''
| 
| {{Dts|1814-11-23}}
| {{Dts|1817-3-4}}
| 
| 
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background: {{Democratic-Republican Party (United States)/meta/color}}; color:white;&quot; | '''6'''
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[papeles:Daniel D Tompkins by John Wesley Jarvis.jpg|75px|Daniel Tompkins]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | '''[[Daniel D. Tompkins]]'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;(1774–1825)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Daniel Tompkins | publisher=SEnado ti Estados Unidos | url=http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/VP_Daniel_Tompkins.htm | accessdate=Hunio 10, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=T000306 | title=Tompkins, Daniel D. | work=Biograpiko a Direktorio ti Kongreso ti Estados Unidos | publisher=Eskribiente ti Kamara dagiti Pannakabagi ti Estados Unidos ken Historiador ti Senado ti Estados Unidos | accessdate=Agosto 12, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[New York]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | {{Dts|1817-3-4}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | {{Dts|1825-3-4}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Partido Demokratiko-Republikano|Demokratiko-&lt;br /&gt;Republikano]]
| 8.&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;([[Panagbutos ti presidente ti Estados Unidos, 1816|1816]])&lt;/small&gt;
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background: {{Democratic-Republican Party (United States)/meta/color}};&quot; |
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[James Monroe|Monroe]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 
|-
| 9.&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;([[Panagbutos ti presidente ti Estados Unidos, 1820|1820]])&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background: {{Democratic-Republican Party (United States)/meta/color}}; color:white; border-bottom:solid 0 gray;&quot; valign=bottom| '''7'''
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Papeles:John C. Calhoun.jpeg|75px|John C. Calhoun]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | '''[[John C. Calhoun]]'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;(1782–1850)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=John Calhoun | publisher=Senado ti Estados Unidos | url=http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/VP_John_Calhoun.htm | accessdate=Hunio 10, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=C000044 | title=Calhoun, John Caldwell | work=Biograpiko a Direktorio ti Kongreso ti Estados Unidos | publisher=Eskribiente ti Kamara dagiti Pannakabagi ti Estados Unidos ken Historiador ti Senado ti Estados Unidos | accessdate=Agosto 12, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[South Carolina]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | {{Dts|1825-3-4}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | {{Dts|1832-12-28}}&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;''(Nagikkat)''&lt;/small&gt;
| [[Partido Demokratiko-Republikano|Demokratiko-&lt;br /&gt;Republikano]]
| 10.&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;([[Panagbutos ti presidente ti Estados Unidos, 1824|1824]])&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background: {{Democratic-Republican Party (United States)/meta/color}};&quot; |
| [[John Quincy Adams|J.Q. Adams]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;br /&gt;&lt;ref group=&quot;note&quot; name=&quot;resigned&quot;&gt;Nagikkat iti opisina&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background: {{Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color}}; border-top:solid 0 gray;&quot; |
| [[Partido Demokratiko (Estados Unidos)|Demokratiko]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 11.&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;([[Panagbutos ti presidente ti Estados Unidos, 1828|1828]])&lt;/small&gt;
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background: {{Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color}};&quot; |
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Andrew Jackson|Jackson]]
|-
| style=&quot;background:#ccc;&quot;| ''3''
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | ''[[Agtigtignay a Bise Presidente|Bakante babaen ti panagikkat]]''
| 
| {{Dts|1832-12-28}}
| {{Dts|1833-3-4}}
| 
|-
| style=&quot;background: {{Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color}}; color:white;&quot; | '''8'''
| [[Papeles:MartinVanBuren.png|75px|Martin Van Buren]]
| '''[[Martin Van Buren]]'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;(1782–1862)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Martin Van Buren | publisher=Senado ti Estados Unidos | url=http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/VP_Martin_VanBuren.htm | accessdate=Hunio 10, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=V000009 | title=Van Buren, Martin | work=Biograpiko a Direktorio ti Kongreso ti Estados Unidos | publisher=Eskribiente ti Kamara dagiti Pannakabagi ti Estados Unidos ken Historiador ti Senado ti Estados Unidos | accessdate=Agosto 12, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[New York]]
| {{Dts|1833-3-4}}
| {{Dts|1837-3-4}}
| [[Partido Demokratiko (Estados Unidos)|Demokratiko]]
| 12.&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;([[Panagbutos ti presidente ti Estados Unidos, 1832|1832]])&lt;/small&gt;
| 
|-
| style=&quot;background: {{Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color}}; color:white;&quot; | '''9'''
| [[Papeles:Richard-Mentor-Johnson.jpg|75px|Richard Mentor Johnson]]
| '''[[Richard Mentor Johnson]]'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;(1780–1850)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Richard Mentor Johnson | publisher=Senado ti Estados Unidos | url=http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/VP_Richard_M_Johnson.htm | accessdate=Hunio 10, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=J000170 | title=Johnson, Richard Mentor | work=Biograpiko a Direktorio ti Kongreso ti Estados Unidos | publisher=Eskribiente ti Kamara dagiti Pannakabagi ti Estados Unidos ken Historiador ti Senado ti Estados Unidos | accessdate=Agosto 12, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Kentucky]]
| {{Dts|1837-3-4}}
| {{Dts|1841-3-4}}
| [[Partido Demokratiko (Estados Unidos)|Demokratiko]]
| 13.&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;([[Panagbutos ti presidente ti Estados Unidos, 1836|1836]])&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background: {{Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color}};&quot; |
| [[Martin Van Buren|Van Buren]]
| 
|-
| style=&quot;background: {{Whig Party (United States)/meta/color}};&quot; | '''10'''
| [[Papeles:John Tyler by George P. A. Healy.JPG|75px|John Tyler]]
| '''[[John Tyler]]'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;(1790–1862)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=John Tyler | publisher=Senado ti Estados Unidos | url=http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/VP_John_Tyler.htm | accessdate=Hunio 10, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=T000450 | title=Tyler, John | work=Biograpiko a Direktorio ti Kongreso ti Estados Unidos | publisher=Eskribiente ti Kamara dagiti Pannakabagi ti Estados Unidos ken Historiador ti Senado ti Estados Unidos | accessdate=Agosto 12, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Virginia]]
| {{Dts|1841-3-4}}
| {{Dts|1841-4-4}}&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;''(Naipangato)''&lt;/small&gt;
| [[Partido Whig (Estados Unidos)|Whig]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 14.&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;([[Panagbutos ti presidnte ti Estados Unidos, 1840|1840]])&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background: {{Whig Party (United States)/meta/color}};&quot; |
| [[William Henry Harrison|W.H. Harrison]]
| &lt;ref group=&quot;note&quot; name=&quot;succeeded&quot;&gt;Simmaruno iti [[Presidente iti Estados Unidos|Pinakapresidente]] kalpasan ti ipupusay wenno panagikkat iti Presidente.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background:#ccc;&quot;| ''4''
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | ''[[Agtigtignay a Bise Presidente|Banaknte babaen ti panakaipangato]]''
| 
| {{Dts|1841-4-4}}
| {{Dts|1845-3-4}}
| 
| style=&quot;background: {{Whig Party (United States)/meta/color}};&quot; |
| [[John Tyler|Tyler]]
| 
|-
| style=&quot;background: {{Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color}}; color:white;&quot; | '''11'''
| [[Papeles:Vice-president_of_the_US_George_Dallas.jpg|75px|George M. Dallas]]
| '''[[George M. Dallas]]'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;(1792–1864)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=George Dallas | publisher=Senado ti Estados Unidos | url=http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/VP_George_Dallas.htm | accessdate=Hunio 10, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=D000011 | title=Dallas, George Mifflin | work=Biograpiko a Direktorio ti Kongreso ti Estados Unidos | publisher=Eskribiente ti Kamara dagiti Pannakabagi ti Estados Unidos ken Historiador ti Senado ti Estados Unidos | accessdate=Agosto 12, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Pennsylvania]]
| {{Dts|1845-3-4}}
| {{Dts|1849-3-4}}
| [[Partido Demokratiko (Estados Unidos)|Demokratiko]]
| 15.&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;([[Panagbutos ti presidente ti Estados Unidos, 1844|1844]])&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background: {{Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color}}; color:white;&quot; |
| [[James K. Polk|Polk]]
| 
|-
| style=&quot;background: {{Whig Party (United States)/meta/color}};&quot; | '''12'''
| [[Papeles:Fillmore.jpg|75px|Millard Fillmore]]
| '''[[Millard Fillmore]]'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;(1800–1874)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Millard Fillmore | publisher=Senado ti Estados Unidos | url=http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/VP_Millard_Fillmore.htm | accessdate=Hunio 10, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=F000115 | title=Fillmore, Millard | work=Biograpiko a Direktorio ti Kongreso ti Estados Unidos | publisher=Eskribiente ti Kamara dagiti Pannakabagi ti Estados Unidos ken Historiador ti Senado ti Estados Unidos | accessdate=Agosto 12, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[New York]]
| {{Dts|1849-3-4}}
| {{Dts|1850-7-9}}&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;''(Naipangato)''&lt;/small&gt;
| [[Partido Whig (Estados Unidos)|Whig]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 16.&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;([[Panagbutos ti prasidente ti Estados Unidos, 1848|1848]])&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background: {{Whig Party (United States)/meta/color}};&quot; |
| [[Zachary Taylor|Taylor]]
| &lt;ref group=&quot;note&quot; name=&quot;succeeded&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background:#ccc;&quot;| ''5''
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | ''[[Agtigtignay a Bise Presidente|Bakante babaen ti panakaipangato]]''
| 
| {{Dts|1850-7-9}}
| {{Dts|1853-3-4}}
| 
| style=&quot;background: {{Whig Party (United States)/meta/color}};&quot; |
| [[Millard Fillmore|Fillmore]]
| 
|-
| style=&quot;background: {{Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color}}; color:white;&quot; | '''13'''
| [[Papeles:William Rufus DeVane King 1839 portrait.jpg|75px|William R. King]]
| '''[[William R. King]]'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;(1786–1853)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=William Rufus King | publisher=Senado ti Estados Unidos | url=http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/VP_William_R_King.htm | accessdate=Hunio 10, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=K000217 | title=King, William Rufus de Vane | work=Biograpiko a Direktorio ti Kongreso ti Estados Unidos | publisher=Eskribiente ti Kamara dagiti Pannakabagi ti Estados Unidos ken Historiador ti Senado ti Estados Unidos | accessdate=Agosto 12, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Alabama]]
| {{Dts|1853-3-4}}
| {{Dts|1853-4-18}}&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;''(Pimmusay)''&lt;/small&gt;
| [[Partido Demokratiko (Estados Unidos)|Demokratiko]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 17.&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;([[Panagbutos ti presidente ti Estados Unidos, 1852|1852]])&lt;/small&gt;
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background: {{Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color}};&quot; |
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Franklin Pierce|Pierce]]
| {{#tag:ref|Ti isisu laeng a Bise Presidente a naisapata ti ruar ti Estados Unidos (idiay [[Havana]], [[Kuba]]), nga adda ti naipangruna a pammalubos manipud ti Kongreso|group=&quot;note&quot;}}&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ref group=&quot;note&quot; name=&quot;died&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background:#ccc;&quot;| ''6''
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | ''[[Agtigtignay a Bise Presidente|Bakante babaen ti ipupusay]]''
| 
| {{Dts|1853-4-18}}
| {{Dts|1857-3-4}}
| 
| 
|-
| style=&quot;background: {{Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color}}; color:white;&quot; | '''14'''
| [[Image:John C Breckinridge-04775-restored.jpg|75px|John C. Breckinridge]]
| '''[[John C. Breckinridge]]'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;(1821–1875)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=John Breckinridge | publisher = Senado ti Estados Unidos | url=http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/VP_John_Breckinridge.htm | accessdate=Hunio 10, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=B000789 | title=Breckinridge, John Cabell | work=Biograpiko a Direktorio ti Kongreso ti Estados Unidos | publisher=Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate | accessdate=Agosto 12, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Kentucky]]
| {{Dts|1857-3-4}}
| {{Dts|1861-3-4}}
| [[Partido Demokratiko (Estados Unidos)|Demokratiko]]
| 18.&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;([[United States presidential election, 1856|1856]])&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background: {{Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color}};&quot; |
| [[James Buchanan|Buchanan]]
| 
|-
| style=&quot;background: {{Republican Party (United States)/meta/color}}; color:white;&quot; | '''15'''
| [[Image:Hannibal Hamlin, photo portrait seated, c1860-65-retouched-crop.jpg|75px|Hannibal Hamlin]]
| '''[[Hannibal Hamlin]]'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;(1809–1891)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Hannibal Hamlin | publisher=SEnado ti Estados Unidos | url=http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/VP_Hannibal_Hamlin.htm | accessdate=Hunio 10, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=H000121 | title=Hamlin, Hannibal | work=Biograpiko a Direktorio ti Kongreso ti Estados Unidos | publisher=Eskribiente ti Kamara dagiti Pannakabagi ti Estados Unidos ken Historiador ti Senado ti Estados Unidos | accessdate=Agosto 12, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Maine]]
| {{Dts|1861-3-4}}
| {{Dts|1865-3-4}}
| [[Partido Republikano (Estados Unidos)|Republikano]]
| 19.&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;([[Pangbutos ti presidente ti Estados Unidos, 1860|1860]])&lt;/small&gt;
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background: {{Republican Party (United States)/meta/color}};&quot; |
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Abraham Lincoln|Lincoln]]
| 
|-
| style=&quot;background: {{Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color}}; color:white;&quot; | '''16'''
| [[Papeles:Andrew Johnson - 3a53290u.png|75px|Andrew Johnson]]
| '''[[Andrew Johnson]]'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;(1808–1875)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Andrew Johnson | publisher=Senado ti Estados Unidos | url=http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/VP_Andrew_Johnson.htm | accessdate=Hunio 10, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=J000116 | title=Johnson, Andrew | work=Biograpiko a Direktorio ti Kongreso ti Estados Unidos | publisher=Eskribiente ti Kamara dagiti Pannakabagi ti Estados Unidos ken Historiador ti Senado ti Estados Unidos | accessdate=Agosto 12, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Tennessee]]
| {{Dts|1865-3-4}}
| {{Dts|1865-4-15}}&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;''(Naipangato)''&lt;/small&gt;
| [[Partido Demokratiko (Estados Unidos)|Demokratiko]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 20.&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;([[Panagbutos tipresidente ti Estados Unidos, 1864|1864]])&lt;/small&gt;
| &lt;ref group=&quot;note&quot; name=&quot;succeeded&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background:#ccc;&quot;| ''7''
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | ''[[Agtigtignay a Bise Presidente|Bakante babaen ti panakaipangato]]''
| 
| {{Dts|1865-4-15}}
| {{Dts|1869-3-4}}
| 
| style=&quot;background: {{Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color}};&quot; |
| [[Andrew Johnson|A. Johnson]]
| 
|-
| style=&quot;background: {{Republican Party (United States)/meta/color}}; color:white;&quot; | '''17'''
| [[papeles:Schuyler Colfax portrait.jpg|75px|Schuyler Colfax]]
| '''[[Schuyler Colfax]]'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;(1823–1885)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Schuyler Colfax | publisher=United States Senate | url=http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/VP_Schuyler_Colfax.htm | accessdate=Hunio 10, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=C000626 | title=Colfax, Schuyler | work=Biograpiko a Direktorio ti Kongreso ti Estados Unidos | publisher=Eskribiente ti Kamara dagiti Pannakabagi ti Estados Unidos ken Historiador ti Senado ti Estados Unidos | accessdate=Agosto 12, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Indiana]]
| {{Dts|1869-3-4}}
| {{Dts|1873-3-4}}
| [[Partido Republikano (Estados Unidos)|Republikano]]
| 21.&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;([[Panagbutos ti presidente ti Estados Unidos, 1868|1868]])&lt;/small&gt;
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background: {{Republican Party (United States)/meta/color}};&quot; |
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Ulysses S. Grant|Grant]]
| 
|-
| style=&quot;background: {{Republican Party (United States)/meta/color}}; color:white;&quot; | '''18'''
| [[Papeles:Henry Wilson, US Vice President, photo portrait seated.jpg|75px|Henry Wilson]]
| '''[[Henry Wilson]]'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;(1812–1875)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Henry Wilson | publisher=Senado ti Estados Unidos | url=http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/VP_Henry_Wilson.htm | accessdate=Hunio 10, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=W000585 | title=Wilson, Henry | work=Biograpiko a Direktorio ti Kongreso ti Estados Unidos | publisher=Eskribiente ti Kamara dagiti Pannakabagi ti Estados Unidos ken Historiador ti Senado ti Estados Unidos | accessdate=Agosto 12, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Massachusetts]]
| {{Dts|1873-3-4}}
| {{Dts|1875-11-22}}&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;''(Pimmusay)''&lt;/small&gt;
| [[Partido Republikano (Estados Unidos)|Republikano]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 22.&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;([[Panagbutos ti presidente ti Estados Unidos, 1872|1872]])&lt;/small&gt;
| &lt;ref group=&quot;note&quot; name=&quot;died&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background:#ccc;&quot;| ''8''
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | ''[[Agtigtignay a Bise Presidente|Bakante babaen ti ipupusay]]''
| 
| {{Dts|1875-11-22}}
| {{Dts|1877-3-4}}
|  
| 
|-
| style=&quot;background: {{Republican Party (United States)/meta/color}}; color:white;&quot; | '''19'''
| [[Papeles:VicePresident-WmAlWheeler.jpg|75px|William A. Wheeler]]
| '''[[William A. Wheeler]]'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;(1819–1887)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=William Wheeler | publisher=Senado ti Estados Unidos | url=http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/VP_William_Wheeler.htm | accessdate=Hunio 10, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=W000341 | title=Wheeler, William Almon | work=Biograpiko a Direktorio ti Kongreso ti Estados Unidos | publisher=Eskribiente ti Kamara dagiti Pannakabagi ti Estados Unidos ken Historiador ti Senado ti Estados Unidos | accessdate=Agosto 12, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[New York]]
| {{Dts|1877-3-4}}
| {{Dts|1881-3-4}}
| [[Partido Republikano (Estados Unidos)|Republikano]]
| 23.&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;([[Panagbutos ti presidemte ti Estados Unidos, 1876|1876]])&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background: {{Republican Party (United States)/meta/color}};&quot; |
| [[Rutherford B. Hayes|Hayes]]
| 
|-
| style=&quot;background: {{Republican Party (United States)/meta/color}}; color:white;&quot; | '''20'''
| [[Papeles:Chester Alan Arthur.jpg|75px|Chester A. Arthur]]
| '''[[Chester A. Arthur]]'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;(1829–1886)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Chester Arthur | publisher=Senado ti Estados Unidos | url=http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/VP_Chester_Arthur.htm | accessdate=Hunio 10, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=A000303 | title=Arthur, Chester Alan | work=Biograpiko a Direktorio ti Kongreso ti Estados Unidos | publisher=Eskribiente ti Kamara dagiti Pannakabagi ti Estados Unidos ken Historiador ti Senado ti Estados Unidos | accessdate=Agosto 12, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[New York]]
| {{Dts|1881-3-4}}
| {{Dts|1881-9-19}}&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;''(Naipangato)''&lt;/small&gt;
| [[partido Republikano (Estados Unidos)|Republikano]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 24.&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;([[Panagbutos ti presidente ti Estados Unidos, 1880|1880]])&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background: {{Republican Party (United States)/meta/color}};&quot; |
| [[James Garfield|Garfield]]
| &lt;ref group=&quot;note&quot; name=&quot;succeeded&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background:#ccc;&quot;| ''9''
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | ''[[Agtigtignay a Bise Presidente|Bakante babaen ti panakipangato]]''
| 
| {{Dts|1881-9-19}}
| {{Dts|1885-3-4}}
| 
| style=&quot;background: {{Republican Party (United States)/meta/color}};&quot; |
| [[Chester A. Arthur|Arthur]]
| 
|-
| style=&quot;background: {{Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color}}; color:white;&quot; | '''21'''
| [[Papeles:Thomas Andrews Hendricks.jpg|75px|Thomas Hendricks]]
| '''[[Thomas A. Hendricks]]'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;(1819–1885)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Thomas Hendricks | publisher=Senado ti Estados Unidos | url=http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/VP_Thomas_Hendricks.htm | accessdate=Hunio 10, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=H000493 | title=Hendricks, Thomas Andrews | work=Biograpiko a Direktorio ti Kongreso ti Estados Unidos | publisher=Eskribiente ti Kamara dagiti Pannakabagi ti Estados Unidos ken Historiador ti Senado ti Estados Unidos | accessdate=Agosto 12, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Indiana]]
| {{Dts|1885-3-4}}
| {{Dts|1885-11-25}}&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;''(Pimmusay)''&lt;/small&gt;
| [[Partido Demokratiko (Estados Unidos)|Demokratiko]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 25.&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;([[Panagbutos ti presidente ti Estados Unidos, 1884|1884]])&lt;/small&gt;
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background: {{Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color}};&quot; |
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Grover Cleveland|Cleveland]]
| &lt;ref group=&quot;note&quot; name=&quot;died&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background:#ccc;&quot;| ''10''
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | ''[[Agtigtignay a Bise Presidente|Bakante babaen ti ipupusay]]''
| 
| {{Dts|1885-11-25}}
| {{Dts|1889-3-4}}
| 
| 
|-
| style=&quot;background: {{Republican Party (United States)/meta/color}}; color:white;&quot; | '''22'''
| [[Papeles:22 Levi Morton 3x4.jpg|75px|Levi Morton]]
| '''[[Levi P. Morton]]'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;(1824–1920)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Levi Morton | publisher=Senado ti Estados Unidos| url=http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/VP_Levi_Morton.htm | accessdate=Hunio 10, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=M001018 | title=Morton, Levi Parsons | work=Biograpiko a Direktorio ti Kongreso ti Estados Unidos | publisher=Eskribiente ti Kamara dagiti Pannakabagi ti Estados Unidos ken Historiador ti Senado ti Estados Unidos | accessdate=Agosto 12, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[New York]]
| {{Dts|1889-3-4}}
| {{Dts|1893-3-4}}
| [[Partido Republikano (Estados Unidos)|Republikano]]
| 26.&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;([[Panagbutos ti presidente ti Estados Unidos, 1888|1888]])&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background: {{Republican Party (United States)/meta/color}};&quot; |
| [[Benjamin Harrison|B. Harrison]]
| 
|-
| style=&quot;background: {{Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color}}; color:white;&quot; | '''23'''
| [[Papeles:Adlai Ewing Stevenson I head-on-shoulders.jpg|75px|Adlai E. Stevenson]]
| '''[[Adlai Stevenson I]]'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;(1835–1914)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Adlai Stevenson | publisher=Senado ti Estados Unidos | url=http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/VP_Adlai_Stevenson.htm | accessdate=Hunio 10, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=S000889 | title=Stevenson, Adlai Ewing | work=Biograpiko a Direktorio ti Kongreso ti Estados Unidos | publisher=Eskribiente ti Kamara dagiti Pannakabagi ti Estados Unidos ken Historiador ti Senado ti Estados Unidos | accessdate=Agosto 12, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Illinois]]
| {{Dts|1893-3-4}}
| {{Dts|1897-3-4}}
| [[Partido Demokratiko (Estados Unidos)|Demokratiko]]
| 27.&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;([[Panagbutos ti presidente ti Estados Unidos, 1892|1892]])&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background: {{Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color}};&quot; |
| [[Grover Cleveland|Cleveland]]
| 
|-
| style=&quot;background: {{Republican Party (United States)/meta/color}}; color:white;&quot; | '''24'''
| [[Papeles:GHobart.jpg|75px|Garret Hobart]]
| '''[[Garret A. Hobart]]'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;(1844–1899)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Garret Hobart | publisher=Senado ti Estados Unidos | url=http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/VP_Garret_Hobart.htm | accessdate=Hunio 10, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=H000660 | title=Hobart, Garret Augustus | work=Biograpiko a Direktorio ti Kongreso ti Estados Unidos | publisher=Eskribiente ti Kamara dagiti Pannakabagi ti Estados Unidos ken Historiador ti Senado ti Estados Unidos | accessdate=Agosto 12, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[New Jersey]]
| {{Dts|1897-3-4}}
| {{Dts|1899-11-21}}&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;''(pimmusay)''&lt;/small&gt;
| [[Partido Republikano (Estados Unidos)|Republikano]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 28.&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;([[Panagbutos ti presidente ti Estados Unidos, 1896|1896]])&lt;/small&gt;
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background: {{Republican Party (United States)/meta/color}};&quot; |
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[William McKinley|McKinley]]
| &lt;ref group=&quot;note&quot; name=&quot;died&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background:#ccc;&quot;| ''11''
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | ''[[Agtigtignay a Bise Presidente|Bakante babaen ti ipupusay]]''
|
| {{Dts|1899-11-21}}
| {{Dts|1901-3-4}}
|
| 
|-
| style=&quot;background: {{Republican Party (United States)/meta/color}}; color:white;&quot; | '''25'''
| [[Papeles:Theodore Roosevelt circa 1902.jpg|75px|Theodore Roosevelt]]
| '''[[Theodore Roosevelt]]'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;(1858–1919)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Theodore Roosevelt | publisher=Senado ti Estados Unidos| url=http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/VP_Theodore_Roosevelt.htm | accessdate=Hunio 10, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=R000429 | title=Roosevelt, Theodore | work=Biograpiko a Direktorio ti Kongreso ti Estados Unidos | publisher=Eskribiente ti Kamara dagiti Pannakabagi ti Estados Unidos ken Historiador ti Senado ti Estados Unidos | accessdate=Agosto 12, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[New York]]
| {{Dts|1901-3-4}}
| {{Dts|1901-9-14}}&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;''(Naipangato)''&lt;/small&gt;
| [[Partido Republikano (Estados Unidos)|Republikano]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 29.&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;([[Panagbutos ti presidente ti Estados Unidos, 1900|1900]])&lt;/small&gt;
| &lt;ref group=&quot;note&quot; name=&quot;succeeded&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background:#ccc;&quot;| ''12''
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | ''[[Agtigtignay a Bise Presidente|Bakante babaen ti panakaipangato]]''
| 
| {{Dts|1901-9-14}}
| {{Dts|1905-3-4}}
| 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background: {{Republican Party (United States)/meta/color}};&quot; |
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Theodore Roosevelt|T. Roosevelt]]
| 
|-
| style=&quot;background: {{Republican Party (United States)/meta/color}}; color:white;&quot; | '''26'''
| [[Papeles:Charles Fairbanks photo portrait seated.jpg|75px|Charles W. Fairbanks]]
| '''[[Charles W. Fairbanks]]'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;(1852–1918)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Charles Fairbanks | publisher=Senado ti Estados Unidos | url=http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/VP_Charles_Fairbanks.htm | accessdate=Hunio 10, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=F000003 | title=Fairbanks, Charles Warren | work=Biograpiko a Direktorio ti Kongreso ti Estados Unidos | publisher=Eskribiente ti Kamara dagiti Pannakabagi ti Estados Unidos ken Historiador ti Senado ti Estados Unidos | accessdate=Agosto 12, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Indiana]]
| {{Dts|1905-3-4}}
| {{Dts|1909-3-4}}
| [[Partido Republikano (Estados Unidos)|Republikano]]
| 30.&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;([[Panagbutos ti presidente ti Estados Unidos, 1904|1904]])&lt;/small&gt;
| 
|-
| style=&quot;background: {{Republican Party (United States)/meta/color}}; color:white;&quot; | '''27'''
| [[Papeles:James Sherman, Bain bw photo portrait facing left.jpg|75px|James S. Sherman]]
| '''[[James S. Sherman]]'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;(1855–1912)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=James Sherman | publisher=Senado ti Estados Unidos | url=http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/VP_James_Sherman.htm | accessdate=Hunio 10, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=S000345 | title=Sherman, James Schoolcraft | work=Biograpiko a Direktorio ti Kongreso ti Estados Unidos | publisher=Eskribiente ti Kamara dagiti Pannakabagi ti Estados Unidos ken Historiador ti Senado ti Estados Unidos | accessdate=Agosto 12, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[New York]]
| {{Dts|1909-3-4}}
| {{Dts|1912-10-30}}&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;''(Pimmusay)''&lt;/small&gt;
| [[Partido Republikano (Estados Unidos)|Republikano]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 31.&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;([[Panagbutos ti presidente ti Estados Unidos, 1908|1908]])&lt;/small&gt;
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background: {{Republican Party (United States)/meta/color}};&quot; | 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[William Howard Taft|Taft]]
| &lt;ref group=&quot;note&quot; name=&quot;died&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background:#ccc;&quot;| ''13''
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | ''[[Agtigtignay a Bise Presidente|Bakante babaen ti ipupusay]]''
| 
| {{Dts|1912-10-30}}
| {{Dts|1913-3-4}}
|
| 
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background: {{Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color}}; color:white;&quot; | '''28'''
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Papeles:Thomas Riley Marshall headshot.jpg|75px|Thomas R. Marshall]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | '''[[Thomas R. Marshall]]'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;(1854–1925)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Thomas Marshall | publisher=Senado ti Estados Unidos | url=http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/VP_Thomas_Marshall.htm | accessdate=Hunio 10, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=M000164 | title=Marshall, Thomas Riley | work=Biograpiko a Direktorio ti Kongreso ti Estados Unidos | publisher=Eskribiente ti Kamara dagiti Pannakabagi ti Estados Unidos ken Historiador ti Senado ti Estados Unidos | accessdate=Agosto 12, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Indiana]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | {{Dts|1913-3-4}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | {{Dts|1921-3-4}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Partido Demokratiko (Estados Unidos)|Demokratiko]]
| 32.&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;([[Panagbutos ti presidente ti Estados Unidos, 1912|1912]])&lt;/small&gt;
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background: {{Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color}};&quot; |
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Woodrow Wilson|Wilson]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |
|-
| 33.&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;([[Panagbutos ti presidente ti Estados Unidos, 1916|1916]])&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background: {{Republican Party (United States)/meta/color}}; color:white;&quot; | '''29'''
| [[Papeles:Calvin Coolidge photo portrait head and shoulders.jpg|75px|Calvin Coolidge]]
| '''[[Calvin Coolidge]]'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;(1872–1933)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Calvin Coolidge | publisher=Senado ti Estados Unidos | url=http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/VP_Calvin_Coolidge.htm | accessdate=Hunio 10, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=C000738 | title=Coolidge, Calvin | work=Biograpiko a Direktorio ti Kongreso ti Estados Unidos | publisher=Eskribiente ti Kamara dagiti Pannakabagi ti Estados Unidos ken Historiador ti Senado ti Estados Unidos | accessdate=Agosto 12, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Massachusetts]]
| {{Dts|1921-3-4}}
| {{Dts|1923-8-2}}&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;''(Naipangato)''&lt;/small&gt;
| [[Partido Republikano (Estados Unidos)|Republikano]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 34.&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;([[Panagbutos ti presidente ti Estados Unidos, 1920|1920]])&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background: {{Republican Party (United States)/meta/color}};&quot; |
| [[Warren G. Harding|Harding]]
| &lt;ref group=&quot;note&quot; name=&quot;succeeded&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background:#ccc;&quot;| ''14''
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | ''[[Agtigtignay a Bise Presidente|Bakante babaen ti panakaipangato]]''
| 
| {{Dts|1923-8-2}}
| {{Dts|1925-3-4}}
| 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background: {{Republican Party (United States)/meta/color}};&quot; |
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Calvin Coolidge|Coolidge]]
| 
|-
| style=&quot;background: {{Republican Party (United States)/meta/color}}; color:white;&quot; | '''30'''
| [[Papeles:Chas G Dawes-H&amp;E.jpg|75px|Charles G. Dawes]]
| '''[[Charles G. Dawes]]'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;(1865–1951)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Charles Dawes | publisher=Senado ti Estados Unidos | url=http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/VP_Charles_Dawes.htm | accessdate=Hunio 10, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=D000147 | title=Dawes, Charles Gates | work=Biograpiko a Direktorio ti Kongreso ti Estados Unidos | publisher=Eskribiente ti Kamara dagiti Pannakabagi ti Estados Unidos ken Historiador ti Senado ti Estados Unidos | accessdate=Agosto 12, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Illinois]]
| {{Dts|1925-3-4}}
| {{Dts|1929-3-4}}
| [[Partido Republikano (Estados Unidos)|Republikano]]
| 35.&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;([[Panagbutos ti presidente ti Estados Unidos, 1924|1924]])&lt;/small&gt;
| 
|-
| style=&quot;background: {{Republican Party (United States)/meta/color}}; color:white;&quot; | '''31'''
| [[Papeles:Charles Curtis-portrait.jpg|75px|Charles Curtis]]
| '''[[Charles Curtis]]'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;(1860–1936)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Charles Curtis | publisher=Senado ti Estados Unidos | url=http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/VP_Charles_Curtis.htm | accessdate=Hunio 10, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=C001008 | title=Curtis, Charles | work=Biograpiko a Direktorio ti Kongreso ti Estados Unidos | publisher=Eskribiente ti Kamara dagiti Pannakabagi ti Estados Unidos ken Historiador ti Senado ti Estados Unidos | accessdate=Agosto 12, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Kansas]]
| {{Dts|1929-3-4}}
| {{Dts|1933-3-4}}
| [[Partido Republikano (Estados Unidos)|Republikano]]
| 36.&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;([[Panagbutos ti presidente ti Estados Unidos, 1928|1928]])&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background: {{Republican Party (United States)/meta/color}};&quot; |
| [[Herbert Hoover|Hoover]]
| 
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background: {{Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color}}; color:white;&quot; | '''32'''
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Papeles:John Nance Garner.jpg|75px|John Nance Garner]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | '''[[John Nance Garner]]'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;(1868–1967)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=John Nance Garner | publisher=Senado ti Estados Unidos | url=http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/VP_John_Garner.htm | accessdate=Hunio 10, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=G000074 | title=Garner, John Nance | work=Biograpiko a Direktorio ti Kongreso ti Estados Unidos | publisher=Eskribiente ti Kamara dagiti Pannakabagi ti Estados Unidos ken Historiador ti Senado ti Estados Unidos | accessdate=Agosto 12, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Texas]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | {{Dts|1933-3-4}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | {{Dts|1941-1-20}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Partido Demokratiko (Estados Unidos)|Demokratiko]]
| 37.&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;([[Panagbutos ti presidente ti Estados Unidos, 1932|1932]])&lt;/small&gt;
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background: {{Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color}};&quot; |
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | [[Franklin D. Roosevelt|F.D. Roosevelt]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |
|-
| 38.&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;([[Panagbutos ti presidente ti Estados Unidos, 1936|1936]])&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background: {{Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color}}; color:white;&quot; | '''33'''
| [[Papeles:Henry-A.-Wallace-Townsend.jpeg|75px|Henry A. Wallace]]
| '''[[Henry A. Wallace]]'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;(1888–1965)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Henry Wallace | publisher=Senado ti Estados Unidos | url=http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/VP_Henry_Wallace.htm | accessdate=Hunio 10, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=W000077 | title=Wallace, Henry Agard | work=Biograpiko a Direktorio ti Kongreso ti Estados Unidos | publisher=Eskribiente ti Kamara dagiti Pannakabagi ti Estados Unidos ken Historiador ti Senado ti Estados Unidos | accessdate=Agosto 12, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Iowa]]
| {{Dts|1941-1-20}}
| {{Dts|1945-3-20}}
| [[Partido Demokratiko (Estados Unidos)|Demokratiko]]
| 39.&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;([[Panagbutos ti presidente ti Estados Unidos, 1940|1940]])&lt;/small&gt;
| 
|-
| style=&quot;background: {{Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color}}; color:white;&quot; | '''34'''
| [[Papeles:Harry_S._Truman.jpg|75px|Harry S. Truman]]
| '''[[Harry S. Truman]]'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;(1884–1972)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Harry Truman | publisher=Senado ti Estados unidos| url=http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/VP_Harry_Truman.htm | accessdate=Hunio 10, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=T000387 | title=Truman, Harry S. | work=Biograpiko a Direktorio ti Kongreso ti Estados Unidos | publisher=Eskribiente ti Kamara dagiti Pannakabagi ti Estados Unidos ken Historiador ti Senado ti Estados Unidos | accessdate=Agosto 12, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Missouri]]
| {{Dts|1945-1-20}}
| {{Dts|1945-4-12}}&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;''(Naipangato)''&lt;/small&gt;
| [[Partido Demokratiko (Estados Unidos)|Demokratiko]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 40.&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;([[Panagbutos ti presidente ti Estados Unidos, 1944|1944]])&lt;/small&gt;
| &lt;ref group=&quot;note&quot; name=&quot;succeeded&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background:#ccc;&quot;| ''15''
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | ''[[Agtigtignay a Bise Presidente|Bakante babaen ti panakaipangato]]''
| 
| {{Dts|1945-4-12}}
| {{Dts|1949-1-20}}
| 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background: {{Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color}};&quot; |
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Harry S. Truman|Truman]]
| 
|-
| style=&quot;background: {{Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color}}; color:white;&quot; | '''35'''
| [[Papeles:AlbenBarkley.jpg|75px|Alben Barkley]]
| '''[[Alben Barkley]]'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;(1877–1956)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Alben Barkley | publisher=Senado ti Estados Unidos | url=http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/VP_Alben_Barkley.htm | accessdate=Hunio 10, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=B000145 | title=Barkley, Alben William | work=Biograpiko a Direktorio ti Kongreso ti Estados Unidos | publisher=Eskribiente ti Kamara dagiti Pannakabagi ti Estados Unidos ken Historiador ti Senado ti Estados Unidos | accessdate=Agosto 12, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Kentucky]]
| {{Dts|1949-1-20}}
| {{Dts|1953-1-20}}
| [[Partido Demokratiko (Estados Unidos)|Demokratiko]]
| 41.&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;([[Panagbutos ti presidente ti Estados Unidos, 1948|1948]])&lt;/small&gt;
| 
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background: {{Republican Party (United States)/meta/color}}; color:white;&quot; | '''36'''
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Papeles:Richard_M._Nixon,_ca._1935_-_1982_-_NARA_-_530679.jpg|75px|Richard Nixon]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | '''[[Richard Nixon]]'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;(1913–1994)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Richard Nixon | publisher=Senado ti Estados Unidos | url=http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/VP_Richard_Nixon.htm | accessdate=Hunio 10, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=N000116 | title=Nixon, Richard Milhous | work=Biograpiko a Direktorio ti Kongreso ti Estados Unidos | publisher=Eskribiente ti Kamara dagiti Pannakabagi ti Estados Unidos ken Historiador ti Senado ti Estados Unidos | accessdate=Agosto 12, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[California]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | {{Dts|1953-1-20}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | {{Dts|1961-1-20}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Partido Republikano (Estados Unidos)|Republikano]]
| 42.&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;([[Panagbutos ti presidente ti Estados Unidos, 1952|1952]])&lt;/small&gt;
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background: {{Republican Party (United States)/meta/color}};&quot; |
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Dwight Eisenhower|Eisenhower]]
| 
|-
| 43.&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;([[Panagbutos ti presidente ti Estados Unidos, 1956|1956]])&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background: {{Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color}}; color:white;&quot; | '''37'''
| [[Papeles:37 Lyndon Johnson 3x4.jpg|75px|Lyndon B. Johnson]]
| '''[[Lyndon B. Johnson]]'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;(1908–1973)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Lyndon Johnson | publisher=Senado ti Estados Unidos | url=http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/VP_Lyndon_Johnson.htm | accessdate=Hunio 10, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=J000160 | title=Johnson, Lyndon Baines | work=Biograpiko a Direktorio ti Kongreso ti Estados Unidos | publisher=Eskribiente ti Kamara dagiti Pannakabagi ti Estados Unidos ken Historiador ti Senado ti Estados Unidos | accessdate=Agosto 12, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Texas]]
| {{Dts|1961-1-20}}
| {{Dts|1963-11-22}}&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;''(Naipangato)''&lt;/small&gt;
| [[Partido Demokratiko (Estados Unidos)|Demokratiko]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 44.&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;([[Panagbutos ti presidente ti Estados Unidos, 1960|1960]])&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background: {{Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color}};&quot; |
| [[John F. Kennedy|Kennedy]]
| &lt;ref group=&quot;note&quot; name=&quot;succeeded&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background:#ccc;&quot;| ''16''
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | ''[[Agtigtignay a Bise Presidente|Bakante babaen ti panakaipangato]]''
| 
| {{Dts|1963-11-22}}
| {{Dts|1965-1-20}}
| 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background: {{Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color}};&quot; |
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Lyndon B. Johnson|L.B. Johnson]]
| 
|-
| style=&quot;background: {{Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color}}; color:white;&quot; | '''38'''
| [[Papeles:Hubert Humphrey crop.jpg|75px|Hubert H. Humphrey]]
| '''[[Hubert Humphrey]]'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;(1911–1978)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Hubert Humphrey | publisher=Senado tiEstados Unidos | url=http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/VP_Hubert_Humphrey.htm | accessdate=Hunio 10, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=H000953 | title=Humphrey, Hubert Horatio | work=Biograpiko a Direktorio ti Kongreso ti Estados Unidos | publisher=Eskribiente ti Kamara dagiti Pannakabagi ti Estados Unidos ken Historiador ti Senado ti Estados Unidos | accessdate=Agosto 12, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Minnesota]]
| {{Dts|1965-1-20}}
| {{Dts|1969-1-20}}
| [[Partido Demokratiko (Estados Unidos)|Demokratiko]]
| 45.&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;([[Panagbutos ti presidente ti Estados Unidos, 1964|1964]])&lt;/small&gt;
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background: {{Republican Party (United States)/meta/color}}; color:white;&quot; | '''39'''
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Papeles:Spiro Agnew.jpg|75px|Spiro T. Agnew]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | '''[[Spiro Agnew]]'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;(1918–1996)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Spiro Agnew | publisher=Senado ti Estados Unidos | url=http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/VP_Spiro_Agnew.htm | accessdate=Hunio 10, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=A000059 | title=Agnew, Spiro Theodore | work=Biograpiko a Direktorio ti Kongreso ti Estados Unidos | publisher=Eskribiente ti Kamara dagiti Pannakabagi ti Estados Unidos ken Historiador ti Senado ti Estados Unidos | accessdate=Agosto 12, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Maryland]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | {{Dts|1969-1-20}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | {{Dts|1973-10-10}}&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;''(Nagikkat)''&lt;/small&gt;
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Partido Republikano (Estados Unidos)|Republikano]]
| 46.&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;([[Panagbutos ti presidente ti Estados Unidos, 1968|1968]])&lt;/small&gt;
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background: {{Republican Party (United States)/meta/color}};&quot; |
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | [[Richard Nixon|Nixon]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;ref group=&quot;note&quot; name=&quot;resigned&quot; /&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | 47.&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;([[Panagbutos ti presidente ti Estados Unidos, 1972|1972]])&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background:#ccc;&quot;| ''17''
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | ''[[Agtigtignay a Bise Presidente|Bakante babaen ti panagikkat]]''
| 
| {{Dts|1973-10-10}}
| {{Dts|1973-12-6}}
| 
| 
|-
| style=&quot;background: {{Republican Party (United States)/meta/color}}; color:white;&quot; | '''40'''
| [[Papeles:Gerald Ford.jpg|75px|Gerald Ford]]
| '''[[Gerald Ford]]'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;(1913–2006)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Gerald Ford | publisher=Senado ti Estados Unidos | url=http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/VP_Gerald_Ford.htm | accessdate=Hunio 10, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=F000260 | title=Gord, Gerald Rudolph, Jr. | work=Biograpiko a Direktorio ti Kongreso ti Estados Unidos | publisher=Eskribiente ti Kamara dagiti Pannakabagi ti Estados Unidos ken Historiador ti Senado ti Estados Unidos | accessdate=Agosto 12, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Michigan]]
| {{Dts|1973-12-6}}
| {{Dts|1974-8-9}}&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;''(Naipangato)''&lt;/small&gt;
| [[Partido Republikano (Estados Unidos)|Republikano]]
| &lt;ref group=&quot;note&quot; name=&quot;vice&quot;&gt;Ti opisina ti Bise Presidente ket pinunuan babaen ti pribision ti  [[Maikaduapulo ket lima a Panagpasayaat iti Batay-linteg ti Estados Unidos|Maika-25 a Panagpasayaat]].&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background:#ccc;&quot;| ''18''
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | ''[[Agtigtignmay a Bise Presidente|Bakante babaen ti panakaipangato]]''
| 
| {{Dts|1974-8-9}}
| {{Dts|1974-12-19}}
| 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background: {{Republican Party (United States)/meta/color}};&quot; |
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Gerald Ford|Ford]]
| 
|-
| style=&quot;background: {{Republican Party (United States)/meta/color}}; color:white;&quot; | '''41'''
| [[Papeles:Nelson Rockefeller.jpg|75px|Nelson Rockefeller]]
| '''[[Nelson Rockefeller]]'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;(1908–1979)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Nelson Rockefeller | publisher=Senado ti Estados Unidos | url=http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/VP_Nelson_Rockefeller.htm | accessdate=Hunio 10, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=R000363 | title=Rockefeller, Nelson Aldrich | work=Biograpiko a Direktorio ti Kongreso ti Estados Unidos | publisher=Eskribiente ti Kamara dagiti Pannakabagi ti Estados Unidos ken Historiador ti Senado ti Estados Unidos | accessdate=Agosto 12, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[New York]]
| {{Dts|1974-12-19}}
| {{Dts|1977-1-20}}
| [[Partido Republikano (Estados Unidos)|Republikano]]
| &lt;ref group=&quot;note&quot; name=&quot;vice&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background: {{Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color}}; color:white;&quot; | '''42'''
| [[Papeles:Waltermondaleasdiplomat.jpg|75px|Walter Mondale]]
| '''[[Walter Mondale]]'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;(1928–2021)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Walter Mondale | publisher=Senado ti Estados Unidos| url=http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/VP_Walter_Mondale.htm | accessdate=Hunio 10, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=M000851 | title=Mondale, Walter Frederick | work=Biograpiko a Direktorio ti Kongreso ti Estados Unidos | publisher=Eskribiente ti Kamara dagiti Pannakabagi ti Estados Unidos ken Historiador ti Senado ti Estados Unidos | accessdate=Agosto 12, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Minnesota]]
| {{Dts|1977-1-20}}
| {{Dts|1981-1-20}}
| [[Partido Demokratiko (Estados Unidos)|Demokratiko]]
| 48.&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;([[Panagbutos ti presidente ti Estados Unidos, 1976|1976]])&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background: {{Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color}};&quot; |
| [[Jimmy Carter|Carter]]
| 
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background: {{Republican Party (United States)/meta/color}}; color:white;&quot; | '''43'''
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Papeles:Vice President George H. W. Bush portrait.jpg|75px|George Herbert Walker Bush]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | '''[[George H. W. Bush]]'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;(1924–2018 )&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=George Bush | publisher=Senado ti Estados Unidos | url=http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/VP_George_Bush.htm | accessdate=Hunio 10, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=B001166 | title=Bush, George Herbert Walker | work=Biograpiko a Direktorio ti Kongreso ti Estados Unidos | publisher=Eskribiente ti Kamara dagiti Pannakabagi ti Estados Unidos ken Historiador ti Senado ti Estados Unidos | accessdate=Agosto 12, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Texas]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | {{Dts|1981-1-20}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | {{Dts|1989-1-20}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[partido Republikano (Estados Unidos)|Republikano]]
| 49.&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;([[Panagbutos ti presidente ti Estados Unidos, 1980|1980]])&lt;/small&gt;
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background: {{Republican Party (United States)/meta/color}};&quot; |
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ronald Reagan|Reagan]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | {{#tag:ref|nagserbi a kas ti Presidente babaen ti probision ti [[Maikaduapulo ket lima a Panagpasayaat iti Batay-linteg ti Estados Unidos|Maika-25 a Panagpasayaat]] idi Hulio 13, 1985, manipud idi 11:28 a.m. aginggana idi 7:22 p.m.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | title=Who's Minding the Store? | publisher=Time | url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1048356-1,00.html | date=Abril 12, 2005 | accessdate=Disiembre 13, 2009 | first=Richard | last=Stengel | archive-date=2012-01-19 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119203612/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1048356-1,00.html | url-status=dead }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119203612/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1048356-1,00.html |date=2012-01-19 }}&lt;/ref&gt;|group=&quot;note&quot;}}
|-
| 50.&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;([[Panagbutos ti presidente ti Estados Unidos, 1984|1984]])&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background: {{Republican Party (United States)/meta/color}}; color:white;&quot; | '''44'''
| [[Papeles:Dan Quayle crop.jpg|75px|Dan Quayle]]
| '''[[Dan Quayle]]'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;(1947– )&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Dan Quayle | publisher=Senado ti Estados Unidos| url=http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/VP_Dan_Quayle.htm | accessdate=Hunio 10, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=Q000007 | title=Quayle, James Danforth | work=Biograpiko a Direktorio ti Kongreso ti Estados Unidos | publisher=Eskribiente ti Kamara dagiti Pannakabagi ti Estados Unidos ken Historiador ti Senado ti Estados Unidos | accessdate=Agosto 12, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Indiana]]
| {{Dts|1989-1-20}}
| {{Dts|1993-1-20}}
| [[Partido Republikano (Estados Unidos)|Republikano]]
| 51.&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;([[Panagbutos ti presidente ti Estados Unidos, 1988|1988]])&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background: {{Republican Party (United States)/meta/color}};&quot; |
| [[George H. W. Bush|G.H.W. Bush]]
| 
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background: {{Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color}}; color:white;&quot; | '''45'''
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Papeles:Al Gore, Vice President of the United States, official portrait 1994.jpg|75px|Al Gore]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | '''[[Al Gore]]'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;(1948– )&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Albert Gore | publisher=Senado ti Estados Unidos | url=http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/VP_Albert_Gore.htm | accessdate=Hunio 10, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=G000321 | title=Gore, Albert Arnold, Jr. | work=Biograpiko a Direktorio ti Kongreso ti Estados Unidos | publisher=Eskribiente ti Kamara dagiti Pannakabagi ti Estados Unidos ken Historiador ti Senado ti Estados Unidos | accessdate=Agosto 12, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Tennessee]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | {{Dts|1993-1-20}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | {{Dts|2001-1-20}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Partido Demokratiko (Estados Unidos)|Demokratiko]]
| 52.&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;([[Panagbutos ti presidente ti Estados Unidos, 1992|1992]])&lt;/small&gt;
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background: {{Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color}};&quot; |
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Bill Clinton|Clinton]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 
|-
| 53.&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;([[Panagbutos ti presidente ti Estados Unidos, 1996|1996]])&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background: {{Republican Party (United States)/meta/color}}; color:white;&quot; | '''46'''
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Papeles:46 Dick Cheney 3x4.jpg|75px|&quot;Dick&quot; Cheney]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | '''[[Dick Cheney]]'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;(1941– )&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Richard Cheney | publisher=Senado ti Estados Unidos| url=http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/VP_Richard_Cheney.htm | accessdate=Hunio 10, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=C000344 | title=Cheney, Richard Bruce | work=Biograpiko a Direktorio ti Kongreso ti Estados Unidos | publisher=Eskribiente ti Kamara dagiti Pannakabagi ti Estados Unidos ken Historiador ti Senado ti Estados Unidos | accessdate=Agosto 12, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Wyoming]]&lt;br /&gt;{{#tag:ref|Maysa a residente ti [[Texas]] sakbay a nainominado para iti Bise Presidente, Ni Mr. Cheney ket nangisubli ti rehistro ti panagbutosna idiay [[Wyoming]], nga idiay ket nagserbi idiay Kongreso, tapno maliklikanna ti panaglabsing ti [[Maikasangapulo ket dua a Panagpasayaat iti Batay-linteg ti Estados Unidos|Maika-12 a panapasayaat]], a daytoy ket nagipawil koma dagiti [[Elektoral a Kolehio (Estados Unidos)|Presidential nga Elektor]] ti Texas  manipud ti panagibutos para kenni [[George W. Bush|Bush]] ken[[Dick Cheney]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | title = Richard B. Cheney, Maika-46 a Bise Presidente (2001-2009) | publisher = Senado ti Estados Unidos | url = http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/VP_Richard_Cheney.htm | accessdate = 2009-12-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;|group=&quot;note&quot;}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | {{Dts|2001-1-20}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | {{Dts|2009-1-20}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Partido Republikano (Estados Unidos)|Republikano]]
| 54.&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;([[United States presidential election, 2000|2000]])&lt;/small&gt;
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background: {{Republican Party (United States)/meta/color}};&quot; |
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[George W. Bush|G.W. Bush]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | {{#tag:ref|Served as President under the acting-presidential provision of the [[Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution|25th Amendment]] on two separate occasions: on June 29, 2002, from 7:09 a.m. to 9:24 a.m,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | title=Bush back in action after colon procedure | publisher=CNN | url=http://archives.cnn.com/2002/ALLPOLITICS/06/29/bush.tests/index.html | accessdate=Hunio 12, 2009 | date=Hunio 29, 2002 | access-date=2012-08-10 | archive-date=2008-03-25 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080325153446/http://archives.cnn.com/2002/ALLPOLITICS/06/29/bush.tests/index.html | url-status=dead }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080325153446/http://archives.cnn.com/2002/ALLPOLITICS/06/29/bush.tests/index.html |date=2008-03-25 }}&lt;/ref&gt; and on Hulio 21, 2007, from 7:16 a.m. to 9:21 a.m.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | title=President Bush Reclaims Power From Dick Cheney Following Colonoscopy | publisher=FOX News | url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,290263,00.html | accessdate=Disiembre 12, 2009 | date=Hulio 22, 2007 | archive-date=2011-05-10 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110510031855/http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,290263,00.html | url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;|group=&quot;note&quot;}}
|-
| 55.&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;([[Panagbutos ti presidente ti Estados Unidos, 2004|2004]])&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot;  style=&quot;background: {{Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color}}; color:white;&quot; | '''47'''
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Papeles:Joe Biden official portrait crop.jpg|75px|Joe Biden]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | '''[[Joe Biden]]'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;(1942– )&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Joseph Robinette Biden, Jr. | work=Biograpiko a Direktorio ti Kongreso ti Estados Unidos | publisher=Kongreso ti Estados Unidos | url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=B000444 | accessdate=Hunio 10, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Delaware]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | {{Dts|2009-1-20}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | {{Dts|2017-1-20}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Partido Demokratiko (Estados Unidos)|Demokratiko]]
| 56.&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;([[Panagbutos ti presidente ti Estados Unidos, 2008|2008]])&lt;/small&gt;
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background: {{Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color}};&quot; |
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Barack Obama|Obama]]
|-
| 57.&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;([[Panagbutos ti presidente ti Estados Unidos, 2012|2012]])&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background: {{Republican Party (United States)/meta/color}}; color:white;&quot; | '''48'''
| [[Papeles:Mike Pence by Gage Skidmore 6.jpg|75px]]
| '''[[Mike Pence]]'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;(1942– )&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Cuetara|first=Ines De La|title=Mike Pence: Everything You Need to Know|publisher=ABC News|date=Hulio 14, 2016|url=http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/mike-pence/story?id=40279288|accessdate=Nobiembre 9, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NYT_09Nov16&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last1=Flegenheimer|first1=Matt|last2=Barbaro|first2=Michael|title=Donald Trump Is Elected President in Stunning Repudiation of the Establishment|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/09/us/politics/hillary-clinton-donald-trump-president.html|newspaper=The New York Times|date=Nobiembre 9, 2016|accessdate=Nobiembre 13, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Indiana]]
| {{Dts|2017-1-20}}
| {{Dts|2021-1-20}}
| [[Partido Republikano (Estados Unidos)|Republikano]]
| 58.&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;([[Panagbutos ti presidente ti Estados Unidos, 2016|2016]])&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background: {{Republican Party (United States)/meta/color}};&quot; |
| [[Donald Trump|Trump]]
|-
| style=&quot;background: {{Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color}}; color:white;&quot; | '''49'''
| [[Papeles:Senator Harris official senate portrait.jpg|75px]]
| '''[[Kamala Harris]]'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;(1964– )&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;
| [[California]]
| {{Dts|2021-1-20}}
| '''{{Dts|2025-1-20}}'''
| [[Partido Demokratiko (Estados Unidos)|Demokratiko]]
| 59.&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;([[Panagbutos ti presidente ti Estados Unidos, 2020|2020]])&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background: {{Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color}};&quot; |
| [[Joe Biden|Biden]]
|}

==Dagiti sibibiag a dati a bise presidente==
{{Manipud idi|2021|04}}, adda dagiti lima a sibibiag a dati a bise presidente iti Estados Unidos. Ti kaudian a pimmusay a dati a bise presidente ket ni [[Walter Mondale]] (1928-2021), idi Abril 19, 2021.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
!Bise Presidente
!Termino iti Opisina
!Petsa a Pannakaipasngay
|-
|[[Dan Quayle]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|1989–1993
|{{birth date and age|mf=yes|1947|2|4}}
|-
|[[Al Gore]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|1993-2001
|{{birth date and age|mf=yes|1948|3|31}}
|-
|[[Dick Cheney]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|2001-2009
|{{birth date and age|mf=yes|1941|1|30}}
|-
|[[Joe Biden]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|2009-2017
|{{birth date and age|1942|11|20}}
|-
|[[Mike Pence]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|2017–2021
|{{birth date and age|1959|6|7}}
|}

==Dagiti bise presidente a nagbalin a presidente== 
Adda dagiti 14 a bise presidente a nagbalin a Presidente iti Estados Unidos.

* John Adams, elected president in 1796.
* Thomas Jefferson, elected president in 1800.
* Martin Van Buren, elected President in 1836.
* John Tyler, became president when William Henry Harrison died in office.
* Millard Fillmore, became president when Zachary Taylor died in office.
* Andrew Johnson, became president when Abraham Lincoln was assassinated in office.
* Chester A. Arthur, became president when James A. Garfield was assassinated in office.
* Theodore Roosevelt, became president when William McKinley was assassinated in office.
* Calvin Coolidge, became president when Warren G. Harding died in office.
* Harry S Truman, became president when Franklin D. Roosevelt died in office.
* Lyndon B. Johnson, became president when John F. Kennedy was assassinated in office.
* Richard Nixon, elected president in 1968. He is the only person on this list who was not serving as vice president when he became president.
* Gerald Ford, became president in 1974 when Richard Nixon resigned. 
* George H. W. Bush, elected President in 1988.

==Dagiti bise presidente a nagserbi kadagiti sabali nga opisina kalpasan a nagbise presidente==
* John C. Calhoun, US Senator and Secretary of State
* Richard M. Johnson, Kentucky House of Representatives
* John Tyler, the provisional Confederate Congress
* George M. Dallas, Ambassador to Great Britain
* John C. Breckenridge, US Senator and Confederate Secretary of War
* Hannibal Hamlin, Senador ti Estados Unidos
* Andrew Johnson, Senador ti Estados Unidos
* Levi P. Morton, Gobernador iti New York
* Thomas R. Marshall, the Federal Coal Commission
* Charles G. Dawes, Ambassador to Great Britain, Chairman of the Reconstruction Finance Corporation.
* Henry Wallace, Sekretario iti Komersio
* Alben W. Barkley, Senador ti Estados Unidos
* Hubert H. Humphrey, Senador ti Estados Unidos
* Walter F. Mondale, Embahador iti Hapon.

==Kitaen pay==
*[[Listaan dagiti Presidente iti Estados Unidos]]

==Paammo==
{{Reflist|group=&quot;note&quot;}}

==Dagiti nagibasaran==
{{Reflist}}

==Dagiti akinruar a silpo==
* [http://www.whitehouse.gov/vicepresident/ Opisial a spot ti pagsaadan ti White House para iti Bise Presidene] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061024192833/http://www.whitehouse.gov/vicepresident/ |date=2006-10-24 }}
* [http://www.vicepresidents.com/ Bise Presidente.com]

{{Dagiti Bise Presidente iti Estados Unidos}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dagiti Bise Presidente iti Estados Unidos}}
[[Kategoria:Dagiti bise presidente ti Estados Unidos| ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>San Petersburgo</title>
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      <text bytes="11229" sha1="6sis4omj3ly1wldmhlbdn62rankylvq" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Ruso pederal a suheto
|en_name=San Petersburgo
|ru_name=Санкт-Петербург
|image_skyline=Spb collage.JPG
|image_caption=Agpakanawan manipud ti ngato a kanigid: [[Katedral ni Santo Isaac]], [[Kota ti Peter ken Paul]] idiay [[Isla ti Zayachy]], [[Kuadrado ti Palasio]] nga adda ti [[Alehandro nga Adigi]], [[Petergof]], [[Nevsky Prospekt]], ken ti [[Panaglamlam-ek a Palasio]].
|image_map=Saint Petersburg in Russia (detail, special marker).png
|coordinates = {{coord|59|57|N|30|18|E|type:adm1st_region:RU|display=inline,title}}
|image_coa=Coat of Arms of Saint Petersburg (2003).svg
|coa_caption
|image_flag=Flag of Saint Petersburg.svg
|flag_caption=[[Wagayway iti San Petersburgo|Wagayway]]
|anthem
|anthem_ref
|holiday=Mayo 27
|holiday_ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;Holiday&quot;&gt;{{Cite Russian law
 |ru_entity=Законодательное Собрание Санкт-Петербурга
 |ru_type=Закон
 |ru_number=555-75
 |ru_date=26 октября 2005 г.
 |ru_title=О праздниках и памятных датах в Санкт-Петербурге
 |ru_amendment_type=Закона
 |ru_amendment_number=541-112
 |ru_amendment_date=6 ноября 2008 г
 |en_entity=Lehislatibo nga Asemblia iti San Petersburgo
 |en_type=Linteg
 |en_number=555-75
 |en_date=Oktubre 26, 2005
 |en_title=Kadagiti piesta ken Panglaglagipan a petsa idiay San Petersburgo
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|political_status=Pederal a siudad
|political_status_link=Dagiti pederal a siudad ti Rusia
|federal_district=[[Akin-amianan a laud a Pederal a Distrito|Akin-amianan a laud]]
|economic_region=[[Akin-amianan a laud nga ekonomiko a rehion|Akin-amianan a laud]]
|pop_2010census=4879566
|pop_2010census_ref=&lt;!--&lt;ref name=&quot;2010Census&quot;/&gt;--&gt;
|pop_2010census_rank=Maika-4
|urban_pop_2010census=100%
|rural_pop_2010census=0%
|pop_density
|pop_density_as_of
|pop_density_ref
&lt;!--|pop_latest=&lt;reserved for the 2011 estimate when it's made available by the Rosstat&gt;
|pop_latest_date=
|pop_latest_ref=--&gt;
|area_km2=1439
|area_km2_rank=Maika-82
|area_km2_ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;Area_FS&quot;&gt;Opisial a website ti San&amp;nbsp;Petersburgo. [http://gov.spb.ru/day Петербург в цифрах] (''Bilbilang iti San&amp;nbsp;Petersburgo'') {{iti sao|ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|established_date=Mayo 27, 1703
|established_date_ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;Dates&quot;&gt;Opisial a website ti San&amp;nbsp;Petersburgo. [http://eng.gov.spb.ru/figures Bilbilang iti San&amp;nbsp;Petersburgo]&lt;/ref&gt;
|license_plates=78, 98, 178
|ISO=RU-SPE
&lt;!--GOVERNMENT--&gt;
|leader_title=[[Gobernador ti San Petersburgo|Gobernador]]
|leader_title_ref
|leader_name={{isilpo no adda|{{#property:P6}}}}
|leader_name_ref
|legislature=[[Lehislatibo nga Asemblia iti San Petersburgo|Lehislatibo nga Asemblia]]
|legislature_ref
|website=
|website_ref
|date=Marso 2010
}}
Ti '''San Petersburgo''' ({{lang-rus|Санкт-Петербург|a=Ru-Sankt Peterburg Leningrad Petrograd Piter.ogg|r=Sankt-Peterburg|p=sankt pʲɪtʲɪrˈburk}}) ket maysa a [[dagiti lita ti nataengan  a lokalidad idiay Rusia|siudad]] ken maysa a [[Dagiti pederal a suheto iti Rusia|pederal a suheto]] (maysa a [[dagiti pederal a siudad iti Rusia|pederal a siudad]]) iti [[Rusia]] a mabirukan idiay [[Karayan Neva]] idiay ungto ti [[Golpo iti Pinlandia]] idiay [[Baybay Baltiko]]. Idi 1914 ti nagan ti siudad ket nabaliwan iti '''Petrograd''' ({{lang-rus|Петроград|p=pʲɪtrɐˈgrat}}), idi 1924 nabaliwan iti '''Leningrad''' ({{lang-rus|Ленинград|p=lʲɪnʲɪnˈgrat}}) ken idi 1991 naipasubli met laeng iti ''San Petersburgo''.

Iti Ruso a literatura, dagiti di pormal a dokumento, ken bitla, ti &quot;Santo&quot; (Санкт-) ket kadawyan a saan a mainaynayon, a ti maikabkabil laeng ket ti '''Petersburgo''' ({{lang|ru|Петербург}}, ''Peterburg''). Iti kadawyan a panagisasao dagiti Ruso mabalin nga itintinnagda pay ti &quot;-burg&quot; (-бург), a maibati laeng ti '''Peter''' (Питер, {{IPA-ru|ˈpʲitʲɪr|lang}}).

Ti San Petersburgo ket nabangon babaen ti [[Tsar|Sar]] a ni [[Pedro ti Natan-ok]] idi Mayo {{OldStyleDate|27|1703|16}}. Manipud idi 1713 aginggana idi 1728 ken manipud idi 1732 aginggana idi 1918, ti San Petersburgo ket isu idi ti imperial a kapitolio iti Rusia. Idi 1918 ti sentro a bagi ti gobierno ket immalis manipud idiay San Petersburgo (nga idi ket ti Petrograd) idiay Moscow.&lt;ref name=&quot;McColl&quot;&gt;{{cite book
 |editor=McColl, R. W.
 |title=Ensiklopedia ti heograpia ti lubong
 |volume=1
 |publisher=Infobase Publishing
 |location=N. Y.
 |year=2005
 |isbn=0-8160-5786-9
 |pages=1216, 633–634
 |url=http://books.google.com/?id=DJgnebGbAB8C&amp;pg=PA633&amp;dq=capital+moved+to+Moscow#v=onepage&amp;q=capital%20moved%20to%20Moscow&amp;f=false
 |accessdate=Pebrero 9, 2011
}}&lt;/ref&gt; Daytoy ti maikadua a kadakkelan asiudad ti Rusia kalpasan ti Moscow nga adda dagiti gangani a 5&amp;nbsp;riwriw nga agtataeng.&lt;!--&lt;ref name=&quot;2010Census&quot;/&gt;--&gt; Ti San Petersburgo ket maysa a nagruna a Europeanoa sentro ti kultura, ken maysa pay a nagruna Ruso a [[dagiti puerto idiay Baybay Baltiko|puerto idiay Baybay Baltiko]].

Ti San Petersburgo ket kadawyan a naipalpalawag a kas ti [[Lumaud a kultura|Kalaudan]] a siudad iti Rusia.&lt;ref&gt;V. Morozov. Dagiti Bitla iti San Petersburgo ken ti Panagsukog ti Nawatwatiwat a Europa. Instituto ti Panagsukisok ti Kappia ti Copenhagen. 2002. [http://www.ciaonet.org/wps/mov02/ Ciaonet.org]&lt;/ref&gt; Daytoy pay ti akin-amianan unay a siudad iti lubong nga adda ti populasion ti sumurok a maysa a riwriw (ti Helsinki ket adadayo iti amianan.). Ti [[Naipakasaritaan a Sntro iti San Petersburgo ken dagiti Mainaig a Grupo dagiti Monumento]] ket buklen ti maysa a [[Tinawtawid a Lugar ti Lubong|UNESCO a Tinawtawid a Lugar ti Lubong ]]. Ti San Petersburgo ket pagtaengan pay [[Ermita a Museo|Ti Ermita]], ti maysa kadagiti kadakkelan a [[museo ti arte]] iti lubong.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.geographia.com/russia/peter02.htm |title=Panagbanbaniaga ti San Petersburgo / Ti Ermita |publisher=Geographia.com |date=Enero 6, 1990 |accessdate=Enero 25, 2010 |archive-date=2010-04-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100417153633/http://www.geographia.com/russia/peter02.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Adda dagiti adu a bilang dagiti [[Listaan dagiti diplomatiko a mision idiay Rusia|ganganaet a konsulado]], [[Nadumaduma a pagilian a korporasion|internatsional a korporasion]], banbanko ken dagiti dadduma pay a negosio ket mabirukan idiay San Petersburgo.

==Pakasaritaan==
{{Nangruna|Pakasaritaan ti San Petersburgo}}

Dagiti Sueko ng agakolkoloni ket nangipatakderda idi ti [[Nyenschantz|Nyenskans]], a pagsammakedan, idiay sabangan ti [[Karayan Neva]] idi 1611, idiay daga a tinawtawagan ti [[Ingria|Ingermanland]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=Rusia ti Tattao a Ruso |last=Williams |first=Harold |year=1914 |publisher=Pitman &amp; Sons |isbn= |page=33 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=UMJoAAAAMAAJ&amp;pg=RA1-PA33&amp;dq }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ti bassit nga ili a tinawtawagan ti &quot;Nyen&quot; ket dimmakdakkel iti lawlaw daytoy.

Ni Pedro ti Natan-ok ket nagay-ayat idi kadagiti panagbanbaniaga ti taaw ken dagiti maritimo a pannakibiang, ken nangipangpanggep a makagun-od ti Rusia iti maysa a pagsangladan, tapno makalinnako kadagiti maritimo a pagilian.&lt;ref name=&quot;wilson82&quot;&gt;{{cite book |title=Peter the Great |last=Wilson |first=Derek |publisher=Macmillan |isbn= 9781429964678|page=82 |url=http://books.google.com/?id=N-K6Fp445CIC&amp;pg=PA150&amp;dq=peter+the+great+maritime#v=onepage&amp;q=maritime&amp;f=false |accessdate=Pebrero 25, 2012 |date=Enero 5, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Isu ket nakasaksapul ti nasaysayaat a pagsangladan ngem ti [[Arkhangelsk]], nga adda idiay amianan ti Baybay Puraw ken narikpan kadagiti barko ti bulbulan ti las-ud ti tiempo ti panaglalam-ek.

[[Papeles:Bronze Horseman002.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Ti [[Bronze Horseman|Gambang nga Kabaliero]], monumento para kenni Pedro ti Natan-ok]]
Idi Mayo {{OldStyleDate|12|1703|1}}, idi las-ud ti [[Nalatak nga Akin amianan a Gubat]], ni [[Pedro ti Natan-ok]] ket natiliwna ti Nyenskans, ken ti asideg a masakbayan ket sinukatann ti pagsammakedan. Idi Mayo {{OldStyleDate|27|1703|16}},&lt;ref name=&quot;hughes66&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Hughes|first=Lindsey|title=Pedro ti Natan-ok: ti Biograpia|year=2004|publisher=Unibersidad ti Yale a Pagmalditan|isbn=0-300-10300-X|page=66}}&lt;/ref&gt; idiay asasideg ti [[estuario]] (5&amp;nbsp;km/3 a milia iti uneg ti daga manipud ti [[Golpo ti Pinlandia|golpo]]), idiay [[Isla Zayachy|Isla Zayachy (Hare)]], isu ket nangrugi a nangipatakder ti [[Pedro ken Pablo a Pagsammakedan]], nga isu daytoy ti immuna ladrilio ken bato a pasdek iti baro a siudad.&lt;ref name=&quot;spenc&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.saint-petersburg.com/museums/peter-paul-fortress.asp|title=Pedro ken Pablo a Pagsammakedan|accessdate=Hunio 19, 2009|work=Saint-Petersburg.com|archive-date=2008-07-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080720042332/http://www.saint-petersburg.com/museums/peter-paul-fortress.asp|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ti siudad ket binangon babaen dagidi [[adipen|reklutado nga agtaltalon]] manipud kadagiti amin a paset ti Rusia; adda pay dagiti adu a balud ti Sueko a nairamraman kadagiti napalbas a tawen&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.swedenabroad.com/Page____41937.aspx |title=Konsulado Heneral ti Suesia – Suesia ken San Petersburgo |publisher=Swedenabroad.com |date=Oktubre 17, 2005 |accessdate=Enero 6, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; babaen ti panangimaton ni [[Aleksandr Danilovich Menshikov|Alexander Menshikov]]. Adda dagiti rinibu nga aadipen a pimmusay a nagbangbangon ti siudad.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/st-petersburg-paris-of-the-north-or-city-of-bones-407069.html San Petersburgo: Paris ti Amianan wenno Siudad ti Tultulang?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120120215411/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/st-petersburg-paris-of-the-north-or-city-of-bones-407069.html |date=2012-01-20 }},&quot; ''Ti Independiente''. Hulio 8, 2006&lt;/ref&gt; Kalpasan daytoy ti siudad ket nagbalin nga isu ti sentro ti [[Gobierno ti San Petersburgo]]. Ni Pedro ket inyalisna ti kapitolio manipud idiay Moscow idiay San Petersburgo idi 1712, sakbay ti 9 tawtawen ti [[Tulag ti Nystad]] iti 1721 a nakaipatinggaan ti gubat; isu ket nangibagbaga ti San Petersburgo a kas ti kapitolio (wenno tugaw ti gobierno) a nasapsapa ngem idi 1704.&lt;ref name=&quot;wilson82&quot;/&gt;

Idi las-ud kadagiti immuna a nasapsapa a tawen, ti siudad ket rimmang-ay ti lawlaw ti Kudarado Tinidad idiay kanawan nga igid ti Neva, idiay asideg ti Pedro ken Pablo a Pagsammakedan. Nupay kasta, ti San Petersburgo ket nangrugrugin a dimakdakkel babaen ti plano. id las-ud ti 1716, ni [[Domenico Trezzini]] ket nangibagbaga ti gandat nga to ayan ti sentro ti siudad ket mabirukan idiay [[Isla Vasilyevsky]] ken nasukogan babaen ti maysa a rektanggulo a parilia dagiti kanal. Ti ganday ket saan a nalpas, ngem makitkita pay laeng kadagiti tabas kadagiti kalsada. Idi 1716 Pedro ti Natan-ok ket indutokna ni [[Jean-Baptiste Alexandre Le Blond]] a kas ti [[arkitektura|mangidaulo nga arkitekto]] ti San Petersburgo.

{{clearleft}}
==Dagiti paammo==
{{Reflist}}

== Dagiti akinruar a silpo ==
{{Commonscat-inline|Saint Petersburg|San Petersburgo}}
{{Wikivoyage-inline|Saint Petersburg (Russia)|San Petersburgo}}

[[Kategoria:San Petersburgo| ]]
[[Kategoria:Dagiti dati a nailian a kapitolio]]
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      <text bytes="2799" sha1="0behfgdrwfpope9mpqgn4gt40rc5fzk" xml:space="preserve">[[Papeles:MtCleveland ISS013-E-24184.jpg|thumb|300px|[[Bantay Cleveland (Alaska)|Bulkan Cleveland]] idiay [[Is-isla ti Aleutian]] ti [[Alaska]] a naretrato manipud ti [[Estasion ti Internasional a Limbang]], Mayo 2006.]]
[[Papeles:Pinatubo ash plume 910612.jpg|thumb|Ti [[Bulkaniko a dapo|dapo]] a pluma a nakaabot ti kangato a 19&amp;nbsp;km idi las-ud ti kangitingitan a panagpussuak idiay [[Bantay Pinatubo]], Pilipinas idi 1991.]]
Ti  '''bulkan''' ket maysa a lukat, wenno [[bungaw (inhenniera)|bungaw]], iti rabaw ti planeta wenno [[Ukis (heolohia)|ukis]], a mangpalubos a kadagiti napudot a [[magma]], [[bulkaniko a dapo]] ken dagiti alingasaw manipud a tumalaw manipud ti baba a mapan ti rabaw.

Dagiti bulkán ket sapasap a mabirukan kadagiti [[tektoniko a plato]] ket [[Agbalbaliw a pagbeddengan|bumalbaliw]] wenno [[Agsinnabat a pagbeddengan|makisinnabat]]. Ti  [[mid-oceanic ridge|katengngaan a maipapan ti taaw a pantok]], kas pagarigan ti [[Tengnga nga Atlantiko a Pantok]], ket adda dagiti kas pagarigan dagiti bulkánn a gapuanan babaen dagiti [[agbalbaliw a pagbeddengan|agbalbaliw a tektoniko a plato]] a maguguyod a maisinsina; ti [[Singsing ti Apuy ti Pasipiko]] ket adda dagiti kas pagarigan dagiti bulkan a gapuanan babaen ti [[agsinnabat a pagbeddengan|agsinnabat a tektoniko a plata]] nga agsinsinabat.

==Dagiti nagibasaran==
{{Reflist}}

==Adu pay a mabasbasa==
{{refbegin|30em}}
*Cas, R.A.F. and J.V. Wright, 1987. &lt;cite&gt;Bulkaniko a panagsasaruno&lt;/cite&gt;. Unwin Hyman Inc. 528p. {{ISBN|0-04-552022-4}}
*Macdonald, Gordon ken Agatin T. Abbott. (1970). &lt;cite&gt;Dagiti bulkan iti baybaya&lt;/cite&gt;. Unibersidad ti Hawaii a Pagmalditan, Honolulu. 441 p.
*{{cite book | author=Marti, Joan k |author2= Ernst, Gerald. | title=Dagiti bulkan ken ti Enbironmento | url=https://archive.org/details/volcanoesenviron0000unse | publisher=Unibersidad ti Cambridge a Pagmalditan | year=2005 | isbn=0-521-59254-2}}
*Ollier, Cliff. (1988). &lt;cite&gt;Dagiti bulkan&lt;/cite&gt;. Basil Blackwell, Oxford, UK, {{ISBN|0-631-15664-X}} (hardback), {{ISBN|0-631-15977-0}} (paperback).
*[[Haraldur Sigurðsson|Sigurðsson, Haraldur]], ed. (1999) ''Ensiklopedia dagiti Bulkan''. Academic Press. {{ISBN|0-12-643140-X}}. Daytoy a reperensia ket naigandat para kadagiti heologo, ngem adu dagiti artikulo a mabalin a magun-od dagiti saan a propesional.
{{refend}}

== Dagiti akinruar a silpo ==
{{commons-nailinia|Volcano|Bulkan}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20100216080256/http://www.fema.gov/hazard/volcano/index.shtm Bulkan], [[Ahensia ti Pederal a Panangimaton ti  Emerhensia]] (Estados Unidos FEMA)
*[http://volcano.oregonstate.edu/ Bulkan a Lubong]

{{pungol-nangruna}} 

[[Kategoria:Bulbulkan| ]]
[[Kategoria:Dagiti heolohiko a makadangran]]
[[Kategoria:Dagiti bulkaniko a porma ti daga]]
[[Kategoria:Bulkanolohia]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Demokrasia</title>
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      <text bytes="12590" sha1="p56nbkeep7z1mxqsvhr3ge1ardf3n8q" xml:space="preserve">[[Papeles:Election MG 3455.JPG|thumb|right|Ti babai nga agbutbutos iti maikadua a paset ti panagbutos iti presidente ti Pransia idi 2007]]
[[Papeles:2019 Democracy index.svg|thumb|right|380px|]]

Ti '''demokrasia''' ket maysa a [[porma ti gobierno]] a dagiti amin a naikeddeng nga umili ket adda ti agpapada a panagikeddeng kadagiti amin a panangipato a mabalin a mangbaliw kadagiti biagda. Ti demokrasia ket mangpalubos kadagiti tattao a makapada a makibinglay—no ti dagus wenno babaen kadagiti nabutosan a representatibo—iti panagisingasing, panagrang-ay, ken panagpartuat kadagiti [[linteg]]. Daytoy ket sakupanna dagiti kasasaad ti sosial, ekomnomiko ken kultura a mangipalubos ti nawaya ken agpadpada a panakasanay ti [[politiko a wayawaya|politiko a kinabukbukodan a panagikeddengl ]]. Daytoy ket nagtaud manipud iti {{lang-el|δημοκρατία}} (''dēmokratía'') &quot;turay ti tattao&quot;,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry%3d%2324422 |title=Demokratia, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, &quot;Ti Griego-Ingles a Leksikon&quot;, idiay Perseus |access-date=2007-09-14 |archive-date=2007-09-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070914202111/http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry%3d%2324422 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; a naaramid manipud iti δῆμος (''dêmos'') &quot;tattao&quot; ken κράτος (''kratos'') &quot;bileg&quot;, circa 400 BC, tapno mangibaga kadagiti [[politiko a sistema]] nga idi ket adda kadagiti [[Griego siudad-estado]], a naisangsangayan ti [[Klasiko nga Atenas|Atenas]]. Dagiti dadduma a kultura kalpasan ti Gresia ket nakaiparawadda kadagiti adu para iti ebolusion ti demokrasia a kas ti [[Taga-ugma a Roma]],&lt;!--&lt;ref name=&quot;BKDunn1992&quot; /&gt;--&gt; Europa,&lt;!--&lt;ref name=&quot;BKDunn1992&quot; /&gt;--&gt; ken ti Amianan ken Abagatan nga Amerika.&lt;ref name=&quot;isbn0-449-90496-2&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author=Weatherford, J. McIver |title=Dagiti Indiano nga agitited: kasano a binaliwan dagiti Indiano ti Amerika ti lubong |publisher=Fawcett Columbine |location=New York |year=1988 |pages=117–150 |isbn=0-449-90496-2 |oclc= |doi=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ti demokratiko a gobierno ket maigiddiat kadagiti porma ti gobierno a ti bileg ket tinengtengngel babaen ti maysa, a kas ti [[monarkia]], wenno ti bileg ket tinengtengngel babaen ti bassit a bilang dagiti tattao, a kas ti maysa nga [[oligarkia]] wenno [[aristokrasia]]. Nupay kasta, dagitoy a suppiatan, a tinawtawid manipud iti Griego a pilosopia, ket saanen a malaslasin gapu dagiti kontemporaneo a gobierno ket addaanda kadagiti naglalaok a demokratiko, oligarkiko, ken monarkiko nga elemnto. Ni [[Karl Popper]] ket inlawlawaganna ti demokrásia a maigiddiat ti [[diktadura]] wenno tirania, a daytoy ket mangipatpatengnga ti isip para kadagiti kalakaman dagiti tao a mangtengngel kadagiti dauloda ken ti mangikkat kaniada nga awan ti kammassapulan para iti maysa a [[rebolusion]].

Adda dagiti nadumaduma a kita ti demokrasia, ngem adda dagiti dua a porma, dagitoy dua ket ket maipanggepda no kasano ti sibubukel a bagi dagiti umili—ti naturay a bileg iti ania man a kita ti  demokrasia—ti mangtungpal ti nakemna. Ti maysa a porma ti demokrasia ket ti [[dagus a demokrasia]], a dagiti umili ket addaanda ti dagus ken aktibo a pannakibinglay kadgiti panagikeddeng ti gobierno. Kaaduan kadagiti moderno a demokrasia, ti sibubukel a bagi dagiti umili ket agtultuloy nga isu ti naturay a bileg ngem ti politiko a bileg ket saan a dagus a naisansanay babaen dagiti nabutosan a representatibo; daytoy ket tinawtawagan a kas ti [[representatibo a demokrasia]]. Ti konsepto ti representatibo a demokrasia ket kaaduan a rimsua manipud kadagiti kapanunotan ken dagiti patakder a naparang-ay iti las-ud ti [[Europeano a Tengnga a Panawen]] ken ti [[Panawen ti Panagpalpalawag]] ken dagiti [[Amerikano a Rebolusion|Amerikano]] ken [[Pranses a Rebolusion]].&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/157129/democracy Demokrasia]&quot;.[[Encyclopædia Britannica]].&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dagiti pannakailasin ==
No adda konsenso no kasono ti mangipalawag iti demokrasia, ngem ti [[legado nga ekualidad]], [[Politikal a wayawaya|wayawaya]] ken ti [[alagaden ti linteg]] ket nailasin dagitoyen a kas dagiti nangruna a panangilasin manipuden kadagiti taga-ugma a panawen.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.economist.com/markets/rankings/displaystory.cfm?story_id=8908438 Wayawaya ken hustisiapara iti dadduma] iti Economist.com&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;AristotlePol1317b&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.schlanch.com/w/index.php?title=Democracy&amp;action=pd&amp;article102888=1 |title=Aristotle, Politics.1317b (Libro 6, Paset II) |publisher=Perseus.tufts.edu |date= |accessdate=2010-08-22 }}{{Natay a silpo|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Dagitoy a pamunganayan ket naiballatek kadagit amin a mabalin nga umili a kas [[Pagapapada sakbay iti linteg|agpapada sakbay iti linteg]] ken addaan iti agpapada a pana-usar kadagiti lehislatibo a proseso. Kas pagarigan, iti representatibo a demokrasia, ti tunggal maysa a butos ket agpapada iti kadagsen, nga awan kadagiti awan gapuna a panangigawid a mabalin a maipakat iti sinoman nga agtartaray nga agbalin a representatibo, ken ti wayawaya dagiti mabalin nga umili ket masalaknibanda babaen kadagiti nalintegan a karbengan ken dagiti wayawaya a kadawyan a sinalaknibanna babaen ti [[batay-linteg]].&lt;ref name=&quot;BKMIT&quot;&gt;R. Alan Dahl, I. Shapiro, J. A. Cheibub, ''The Democracy Sourcebook'', MIT Press 2003, {{ISBN|0-262-54147-5}}, [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=B8THIuSkiqgC silpo ti Liblibro ti Google]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;BKHenaff&quot;&gt;M. Hénaff, T. B. Strong, ''Public Space and Democracy'', Pagmalditan ti Unibersidad ti Minnesota, {{ISBN|0-8166-3387-8}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ti maysa a teoria ket agtengtengel a ti demkrasia ket makasapul kadagiti tallo a kammasapulan a pamunganayan: 1) panagtengngel iti panagpangato, kas iti kinaturay nga agtataeng kadagiti kababaan ng aagpang iti turay, 2) saan a panagpapada iti politikan ken 3) dagiti kadawyan a sosisal nga inkedkeddeng laeng a maawat babaen dagiti tattao ken instituto a mangiballatek ti immuna kadagiti dua a pamunganayan iti panagtengngel ti panagpangato ken ti saan a panagpapada iti politika.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last=Kimber|first=Richard|title=On Democracy|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_scandinavian-political-studies_1989_12_3/page/201|journal=Scandinavian Political Studies|year=1989|volume=12|issue=3|pages=201, 199–219|issn=0080-6757}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ti termino a &quot;demokrasia&quot; ket sagpaminsan a naus-usar a kas pangyababaan para iti [[liberal a demokrasia]], a daytoy ket karuay ti representatibo a demokrasia amabalin a mangiraman kadagiti elemento a kas ti [[politikal pluralismo]]; ekualidad sakbay iti linteg; ti [[karbengan iti petision]] kadagiti nabutosan nga opisial para kadagiti panangirebbeng kadagiti reklamo; [[rumbeng a proseso]]; dagiti [[sibil a wayawaya]]; [[dagiti karbengan ti tao]]; ken dagiti elemento ti [[sibil a kagimongan]] iti ruar ti gobierno. Ni [[Roger Scruton]] ket insuppiatna a ti demokrasia laeng ket saan a makaited ti personal ken plikal a wayawaya malaksid no adda met dagiti instituto ti [[sibil a kagimongan]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-23607302 | title=A Point of View: Is democracy overrated? | author=Roger Scruton | publisher=BBC News | date=2013-08-09 | access-date=2014-04-15 | archive-date=2014-01-02 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102195338/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-23607302 | url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kadagiti adu a pagilian, a naipangpangruna ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagarian a nangipaammo iti [[Westminster a sistema]], ti kangrunaan a pamunganayan ket ti [[parlamentario a kinaturay]], bayat a nagtaltalinaay iti [[kinawaya ti hustisia]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.parliament.uk/about/how/sovereignty/ |title=Parliamentary sovereignty |publisher=UK Parliament |accessdate=18 Agosto 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Idiay Estados Unidos, ti [[panagsina dagiti bileg]] ket kanknayon a nadkdakamat a s ti sentral a gupit. Idiay [[India]], ti kadakkelan a demokrasia iti lubong, ti supremasia ti parlamentario ket suheto iti [[Batay-linteg ti India|batay-linteg]] a mangiraman ti [[panagrepaso iti hustisia]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://newindianexpress.com/nation/All-party-meet-vows-to-uphold-Parliament-supremacy/2013/08/02/article1713808.ece |title=All-party meet vows to uphold Parliament supremacy |date=2 Agosto 2013 |accessdate=18 Agosto 2013 |publisher=The New Indian Express |archive-date=2016-03-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160327161524/http://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/All-party-meet-vows-to-uphold-Parliament-supremacy/2013/08/02/article1713808.ece |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Dagiti sabali pay nga usar ti &quot;demokrasia&quot; ket mangiraman iti [[dagus a demokrasia]]. Urayno ti termino a &quot;demokrasia&quot; ket kadawyan nga inus-usar iti kontesto iti [[estado|politikal nga estado]], dagiti pamunganayan ket mabalin pay a maipakat kadagiti pribado a [[gunglo]].

Ti [[agturay ti kaaduan]] ket kankanayon a nailista a kas panangilasin iti demokrasia. Isu a ti demokrasia ket mangipalubos para kadagiti[[grupo ti minoridad|minoridad ti politika]] ta maparukma babaen ti &quot;[[tirania ti kaaduan]]&quot; iti kaawan kadagiti legado a panangsalaknib kadagiti tao wenno dagiti karbengan ti grupo. Ti maysa a kammasapulan a paset ti maysa a &quot;umno&quot; a representatibo a demokrasia ket dagiti kompetrtibo a [[panagbutos]] a nasayaat para kadagiti substantibo&lt;ref&gt;Kasayat a substantibo ket kaibuksilanna iti ekualida kadagiti amin a mabalin nga umili kadagiti amin a mairebbeng a banag, ka siti panagpapada iti opurtunidad, dagiti sosial a kasasaad, kdpy.&lt;/ref&gt; ken pamay-an.&lt;ref&gt;Ti kasayaat ti panay-an ket kaibuksilanna a dagiti alagaden dagiti panagbutos ket nalawag, masakbayan a maiyasentar, ken saan a mangparabor iti ania man a grupo weno tao iti sabali.&lt;/ref&gt; Iti pay maipatinayon, [[wayawaya (politikal)|wayawaya iti politikal a panangiyebkas]], [[wayawaya iti bitla]], ken [[wayawaya iti pablaak]] ket naikeddeng dagitoy kadagiti kammasapulan a karbengan a mangpalubos kadagiti mabalin nga umili tapno naskenda a mapaammuan ken mabalinda ti agbutos segun kadagiti bukod nga interesado.&lt;ref name=&quot;Barak27&quot;&gt;A. Barak,''The Judge in a Democracy'', Pagmalditan ti Unibersidad ti Princetons, 2006, p. 27, {{ISBN|0-691-12017-X}}, [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=3HX7mAbjGOYC Silpo ti Liblibro ti Google]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;H. Kelsen, ''Ethics'', Tom. 66, Blng. 1, Paset 2: Foundations of Democracy (Oktubre , 1955), pp. 1–101&lt;/ref&gt;

Naisingasing pay a ti batayan a langa ti demokrasia ket ti kapasidad dagiti amin nga agbutbutos ti nawaya ken napno a pannakibinglay iti biag ti kagimonganda.&lt;ref&gt;Martha Nussbaum, ''Women and human development: the capabilities approach'' (Pagmalditan ti Unibersidad ti Cambridges, 2000).&lt;/ref&gt; Nga ddaan daytoy iti panangiyunay-unay kadagiti panangipagarup iti [[sosial a kontrato]] ken ti kolektibo a nakem dagiti amin nga agbutbutos, ti demokrasia ket mabalin pay a maiasin a kas porma ti politikal a [[kolektibismo]] gapu ta naipalawag daytoy a kas porma ti gobierno a dagiti amin a mabalin nga umili ket addaanda iti agpapada a karbengan iti panagaramid iti linteg.&lt;ref name=&quot;JHUPress&quot;&gt;Larry Jay Diamond, Marc F. Plattner (2006). [http://books.google.com/books?id=4BL5WqHHVrwC&amp;pg=PA168&amp;dq=democracy+definition+-+one+person+one+vote&amp;hl=en&amp;ei=4VaZTu-3MIOo8APNyY23BQ&amp;sa=X&amp;oi=book_result&amp;ct=result&amp;resnum=1&amp;ved=0CC4Q6AEwADgK#v=onepage&amp;q=democracy%20definition%20-%20one%20person%20one%20vote&amp;f=false Dagiti elektoral a sistema ken demokrasia] p.168. Pagmalditan ti Umibersidad ti Johns Hopkins, 2006.&lt;/ref&gt;

Bayat a ti demokrasia ket kankanayon a maipadpada iti republikano a porma ti gobierno, ti termino a &quot;[[republika]]&quot; ket klasiko a mangsakop kadagiti demokrasia ken dagiti [[aristokrasia]].&lt;ref&gt;Montesquieu, ''Spirit of the Laws'', Bk. II, ch. 2–3.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;William R. Everdell 2000&quot;&gt;William R. Everdell. The End of Kings: A History of Republics and Republicans. Pagmalditan ti Unibersidad ti Chicago, 2000.&lt;/ref&gt; Adda met dagiti demokrasia a [[batay-linteg a monarkia]], a kas ti [[Nagkaykaysa a Pagarian]].

== Dagiti nagibasaran ==
'''Paammo'''
{{Reflist}}

== Dagiti akinruar a silpo ==
{{Commons-nailinia}}
* {{dmoz|Society/Politics/Democracy/}}
* [http://www.democracyfoundation.in/ Ti Opisial a Website ti Pundasion ti Demokrasia , Mumbai – INDIA] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170420131353/http://democracyfoundation.in/ |date=2017-04-20 }}
{{kontrol ti autoridad}}

[[Kategoria:Demokrasia| ]]
[[Kategoria:Nangruna nga artikulo]]</text>
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    <title>Karayan Amasona</title>
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      <text bytes="35066" sha1="rwldlph0dtu9rc2pq2emhge67504vtw" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox karayan
| name               = Karayan Amasona
| name_native        = Amazonas
| name_native_lang   =
| name_other         = Apurímac, Ene, Tambo, Ucayali, Solimões
| name_etymology     =
| image              = Sunset on the Amazon (7613489930).jpg
| image_size         = 300
| image_caption      = Ti ilelennek ti init idiay Amasona iti asideg ti Leticia, Colombia
| map                = Amazonrivermap.svg
| map_size           = 300
| map_caption        = Ti Karayan Amasona ken ti labnengna
| pushpin_map        =
| pushpin_map_size   = 300
| pushpin_map_caption=
| subdivision_type1  = Pagilian
| subdivision_name1  = [[Brasil]], [[Colombia]], [[Peru]], [[Ecuador]]
| subdivision_type2  =
| subdivision_name2  =
| subdivision_type3  =
| subdivision_name3  =
| subdivision_type4  =
| subdivision_name4  =
| subdivision_type5  = Siudad
| subdivision_name5  = [[Iquitos]] (Peru); [[Leticia, Amazonas|Leticia]] (Colombia);&lt;br /&gt; [[Tabatinga]] (Brasil); [[Tefé]] (Brasil);&lt;br /&gt; [[Itacoatiara, Amazonas|Itacoatiara]] (Brasil) [[Parintins]] (Brasil);&lt;br /&gt; [[Óbidos, Pará|Óbidos]] (Brasil); [[Santarém, Pará|Santarém]] (Brasil);&lt;br /&gt; [[Almeirim, Pará|Almeirim]] (Brasil); [[Macapá]] (Brasil);&lt;br /&gt;[[Manaus]] (Brasil)
| length             = {{pagbaliwen|6992.6|km|mi|abbr=on}}&lt;ref name=fao&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/place/Amazon-River|title=Amazon River|work=Encyclopædia Britannica|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151006040541/http://www.britannica.com/place/Amazon-River|archivedate=6 Oktubre 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| width_min          =
| width_avg          =
| width_max          =
| depth_min          =
| depth_avg          =
| depth_max          =
| discharge1_location=
| discharge1_min     = {{pagbaliwen|180000|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}
| discharge1_avg     = {{pagbaliwen|209000|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title= Hydrological Control on the Temporal Variability of Trace Element Concentration in the Amazon River and its Main Tributaries |last= Seyler |first= Patrick |author2= Laurence Maurice-Bourgoin |author3= Jean Loup Guyot |publisher= Geological Survey of Brazil (CPRM) |url= http://www.cprm.gov.br/pgagem/Manuscripts/seylerp.htm |accessdate= 24 Hulio 2010 |url-status=live |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20110721224824/http://www.cprm.gov.br/pgagem/Manuscripts/seylerp.htm |archivedate= 21 Hulio 2011 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| discharge1_max     = {{pagbaliwen|340000|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}
| source1            = [[Karayan Mantaro|Rio Mantaro]]
| source1_location   = [[Huancayo]], [[Probinsia ti Huancayo]], [[Peru]]
| source1_coordinates= {{coord|10|43|55|S|76|38|52|W|display=inline}}
| source1_elevation  = {{pagbaliwen|5220|m|abbr=on}}
| mouth              = [[Taaw Atlantiko]]
| mouth_location     = [[Brasil]]
| mouth_coordinates  = {{coord|0|42|28|N|50|5|22|W|display=inline,title}}&lt;ref&gt;{{GEOnet2|32FA88417DB73774E0440003BA962ED3|Karayan Amasona}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| mouth_elevation    = {{pagbaliwen|0|m|abbr=on}}
| progression        =
| river_system       =
| basin_size         = {{pagbaliwen|7050000|km2|abbr=on}}&lt;ref name=fao /&gt;
| tributaries_left   = [[Karayan Marañón|Marañón]], [[Karayan Japurá|Japurá]]/[[Karayan Caquetá|Caquetá]], [[Rio Negro (Amasona)|Rio Negro]]/[[Karayan Guainía|Guainía]], [[Karayan Putumayo|Putumayo]]
| tributaries_right  = [[Karayan Ucayali|Ucayali]], [[Karayan Purús|Purús]], [[Karayan Madeira|Madeira]], [[Karayan Tapajós|Tapajós]], [[Karayan Xingu|Xingu]]
| custom_label       =
| custom_data        =
| extra              =
}}
[[Papeles:Amazonas floating village, Iquitos, Photo by Sascha Grabow.jpg|thumb|upright=1.1|Tumtumpaw a purok ti Amasona, Iquitos.]]

Ti '''Karayan Amasona'''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite-Rubino|''Amasona''|page=32}}&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Pagsasao nga Espaniol|Espaniol]] ken {{lang-pt|'''Amazonas'''}}) iti [[Abagatan nga Amerika]] ket isu ti [[Listaan dagiti karayan babaen ti kaatiddog|maikadua a kaatiddogan]] &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2007/06/070619-amazon-river.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2012-09-17 |archive-date=2007-08-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070822042725/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2007/06/070619-amazon-river.html |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;a karayan iti lubong ken ti kadakkelan babaen ti panagayus ti danum iti natimbengan a [[Panagayus (hidrolohia)|panagayus]] a dakdakel ngem ti [[listaan dagiti karayan babaen ti panagayus|urayno itipon dagiti pito a sumaruno a kadakkelan a karayan]] (saan a mairaman ti [[Karayan Madeira|Madeira]] ken [[Rio Negro (Amasona)|Rio Negro]], a dagitoy ket tributario ti Amasona). Ti Amasona, nga adda ti kadakkelan a [[pagayusan a labneng]] iti lubong, ti agarup a  {{pagbaliwen|7050000|km2|sqmi}}, a daytoy ket mangidagup para iti agarup a maysa a panglima ti dagup a panagayus ti karayan iti lubong.&lt;ref name=&quot;sterling&quot;&gt;Tom Sterling: ''Der Amazonas''. Time-Life Bücher 1979, 7th German Printing, p. 19&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=smith&gt;{{Cite book|last= Smith |first= Nigel J.H. |title= Amasona Nasam-it a Baybay: Daga, Biag, ken Danum iti Sabangan ti Karayan |year= 2003 |publisher= Unibersidad ti Texas a Pagmalditan |isbn= 978-0-292-77770-5 |url= http://books.google.com/books?id=SywgnV96puYC&amp;pg=PA1 |pages= 1–2}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kadagiti kangatuan a pakagay-atanna, ti ngato ti nagsasabtan ti [[Rio Negro (Amasona)|Karayan Negro]], ti Amasona ket tinawtawagan a Solimões idiay [[Brasil]]; nupay kasta, idiay [[Peru]], [[Colombia]] ken [[Ecuador]], ken dagiti pay dadduma nga agsasao ti Espaniol a lubong, daytoy a karayan ket sapasap a tinawtawagan ti Amasona idiay agpababa a pagayusanna manipud iti nagsasabtan ti karayan [[Karayan Marañón|Marañón]] ken [[Karayan Ucayali|Ucayali]] idiay Peru. Ti karayan Ucayali-[[Karayan Apurímac|Apurímac]] a sistema ket naipanunotan a kas ti kangrunaan a taudan ti Amasona.

Ti kalawa ti Amasona ket naidumadumaan ti nagbaetan ti a {{pagbaliwen|1.6|and|10|km|mi|1}} iti ababaw nga agpang, ngem daytoy ket dumakdakkel iti las-ud ti nabasa a tiempo iti {{pagbaliwen|48|km|mi|0}} wenno ad-adu pay. Ti karayan ket sumrek ti [[Taaw Atlantiko]] iti nalawa a [[estuario]] ti agarup a {{pagbaliwen|240|km|mi}} a kalawa. Ti sabangan ti [[kangrunaan a sanga]] ket {{pagbaliwen|80|km|mi}}.&lt;ref name=encarta&gt;{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761571466/Amazon_(river).html|title=Amasona (karayan)|publisher=Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia|edition=2007|accessdate=12 Agosto 2007|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091029000733/http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761571466/Amazon_(river).html|archivedate=2009-10-29|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070810021647/http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761571466/Amazon_(river).html |date=2007-08-10 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Gapu kadagiti nawatiwat a rukrukodna, daytoy ket sagpaminsan a makunkuna a  ''Ti Karayan Baybay''. Ti [[Rangtay Manaus Iranduba|immuna a rangtay ti karayan Amasona a sistema]] (idiay rabaw ti Rio Negro) ket nalukatan idi 10 Oktubre 2010. Daytoy ket adda idiay ruar ti Manaus.

== Lugar a pagayusan ti danum ==
{{Nangruna|Labneng Amasona}}
Ti Labneng Amasona, ti kadakkelan iti lubong, ket sakupenna ti agarup a 30% iti Abagatan nga Amerika, ti maysa a kalawa iti agarup a {{pagbaliwen|7,050,000|sqkm|sqmi}}. Daytoy ket maatianan manipud iti laud a mapan iti daya, manipud idiay Iquitos idiay Peru aginggana kadagiti dalan ti ballasiw ti Brasil aginggana idiay Atlantiko. Daytoy ket agala kadagiti danumna manipud iti [[maika-5 a paralelo amianan|5 a gradgrado nga amianan ti latitud]] aginggana ti [[maika-20 a paralelo abagatan|20 a gradgrado nga abagatan ti latitud]]. Dagiti kaadaywan a taudanna ket mabirukn idiay inter-[[Andes|Andino]] a banak, nga asideg laeng manipud iti [[Taaw Pasipiko]].

Ti Karayan Amasona ken dagiti tributariona ket nailaslasin babaen dagiti nawatiwat a kabakiran a lugar nga agbalin a malayusan iti tinawen a panagtutudo. Iti tinawen ti karayan ket umadalem ti ad-adu ngem {{pagbaliwen|9|m|ft}}, a manglaylayus kadagiti nakapalikmut a kabakiran, a tinawtawagan ti ''[[Kabakiran ti nasadiwa a danum a sagneb|várzea]]'' (&quot;nalayus a kabakbakiran&quot;). Dagiti nalayusan a kabakiran ti Amasona ket dagiti kaaduan a kas pagarigan iti daytoy a pagtaengan a kita iti lubong.&lt;ref name=wwf&gt;{{cite web|title= Ti Karayan Amasona ken ti Nalayusan a Kabakbakiran |publisher= Sangalubongan a Pundo para iti Katutubo |url= http://www.nationalgeographic.com/wildworld/profiles/g200/g147.html |accessdate=4 Agosto 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iti katimbengan ti [[kalgaw|panawen ti kalgaw]], {{pagbaliwen|110000|km2}} ti daga ket nasakupan ti danum, bayat nga iti [[nabasa a panawen]], ti nalayusan a lugar ti Labeng Amasona ket ngumatngato ti {{pagbaliwen|350000|km2}}.&lt;ref name=guo&gt;{{Cite book|last= Guo |first= Rongxing |title= Dagiti Teritorio a Suppiatan ken Panagtaripatu ti Rekurso: Ti Sangalubongan  Polieto |year= 2006 |publisher= Nova |isbn= 978-1-60021-445-5 |url= http://books.google.com/books?id=z5Le627xQLgC&amp;pg=PA44 |page= 44}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ti kaadu ti danum nga ibbatan ti Amasona idiay Taaw Atlantiko ket adu unay: aginggana iti {{pagbaliwen|300000|m3/s|cuft/s}} iti panawen ti katuduan, nga adda ti katimbengan ti {{pagbaliwen|209000|m3/s|cuft/s}} manipud idi 1973 agingana idi 1990.&lt;ref&gt;Molinier et al. http://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/pleins_textes_6/colloques2/42687.pdf&lt;/ref&gt; Ti Amasona ket karebbengan para iti agarup a 20% ti [[nasadiwa a danum]] iti Daga a sumsumrek iti taaw .&lt;ref name=wwf /&gt; Ti karayan ket agidurduron iti adu a pluma ti nasadiwa a danum iti taaw. Ti pluma ket {{pagbaliwen|400|km|mi}} ti kaatiddogna ken baetan ti {{pagbaliwen|100|and|200|km|mi}} a kalawa. Ti nasadiwa a danum, a nalaglag-an, ket agayus ti rabaw ti danum ti baybay, a mangnawnaw ti [[kaapgad]] ken mangbalbaliw ti maris ti rabaw ti taaw iti kalaw ti lugar iti {{pagbaliwen|1000000|sqmi|km2}}. Para kadagiti napalabas a siglo dagiti barko ket nagirepreportada a ti nasadiwa a danum idiay asideg ti sabangan ti Amasona nga adayo a makitkita manipud iti daga ket nangipagpagarupda a daytoy ket ti taaw.&lt;ref name=smith /&gt;

Ti Atlantiko ket adda ti makaanay nga allon ken enerhia ti atab a mangawit ti kaaduan kadagiti [[sedimento ]] ti Amasona a mapan idiay baybay, isu nga ti Amasona ket saan nga agpayso a mangporma iti maysa a delta. Dagiti nalatak a delta iti lubong ket nasalsalakniban amin a bagbagi ti danum, bayat a ti Amasona ket dagus a maatianan kadagiti  nagulo nga Atlantiko.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last= Penn |first= James R. |title= Dagiti Karayan ti Lubong |year= 2001 |publisher= ABC-CLIO |isbn= 978-1-57607-042-0 |url= http://books.google.com/books?id=koacGt0fhUoC&amp;pg=PA8 |page= 8}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Adda ti masna a panagtitipon a baetan ti Amasona ken dagiti labneng ti [[Orinoco]], ti nakunkuna a [[kanal Casiquiare]]. Ti Casiquiare ket maysa a karayan a [[distributario]] ti akin ngato nga Orinoco, nga agayayus nga agpa-abagatan idiay [[Rio Negro (Amazon)|Rio Negro]], a daytoy met ket agayus idiay Amasona. Ti Casiquiare ket isu ti kadakelan a karayan iti planeta a makisilpo kadagiti dua a kangrunaan a sistema ti karayan, ti nakunkuna a [[panagsangsanga ti Karayan|panagsangsanga]].

== Dagiti taudan ==
[[Papeles:Amazon origin at Mismi.jpg|thumb|left|Ti Amasona ket agtaud manipud iti derraas Apacheta iti [[Arequipa]] idiay [[Nevado Mismi]], a namarkaan laeng babaen ti kayo a krus.]]
[[Papeles:The Source of the Amazon River.jpg|thumb|right|upright=1.15|Ti taudan ti Amasona]]

Ti Karayan Amasona ket addaan kadagiti serye ti sistema ti karayan idiay  [[Colombia]], [[Ecuador]] ken [[Peru]], ken adda kadagitoy ket agayus idiay [[Karayan Marañón|Marañón]] ken Ucayali, ken dagiti dadduma ket dagus nga idiay maitutop nga Amasona. Dagiti dadduma pay ket mairaman dagiti sumaganad a karayan: [[Karayan Putumayo|Putumayo]], [[Karayan Caquetá|Caquetá]], [[Karayan Vaupés|Vaupés]], [[Rio Negro (Amasona)|Guainía]], [[Morona]], [[Karayan Pastaza|Pastaza]], Nucuray, Urituyacu, [[Karayan Chambira|Chambira]], [[Karayan Tigre|Tigre]], [[Karayan Nanay|Nanay]], [[Karayan Napo|Napo]], ken [[Karayan Huallaga|Huallaga]].

Ti kaadaywan a taudan ti Amasona ket ammo idi 1996,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.palkiewicz.com/ekspedycje/index.php?p=zrodl_amaz |title=Source of the Amazon River Identificated (Jacek Palkiewicz) |publisher=Palkiewicz.com |date=19 Nobiembre 1999 |accessdate=13 Pebrero 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; 2001,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2000/12/1221amazon.html |title=Explorers Pinpoint Source of the Amazon (National Geographic News) |publisher=News.nationalgeographic.com |date=21 Disiembre 2000 |accessdate=13 Pebrero 2011 |archive-date=2001-04-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010413002040/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2000/12/1221amazon.html |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; 2007,&lt;ref name=bbc-amazon&gt;{{cite news|title= Amazon river 'longer than Nile' |publisher= BBC News |url= http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/6759291.stm |accessdate=3 Agosto 2010 | date=16 Hunio 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt; and 2008,&lt;ref name=inpe&gt;{{cite web |title= Studies from INPE indicate that the Amazon River is 140&amp;nbsp;km longer than the Nile |publisher= Brazilian National Institute for Space Research |url= http://www.inpe.br/ingles/news/news_dest29.php |accessdate= 3 Agosto 2010 |archive-date= 2011-04-11 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110411011122/http://www.inpe.br/ingles/news/news_dest29.php |url-status= dead }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110411011122/http://www.inpe.br/ingles/news/news_dest29.php |date=2011-04-11 }}&lt;/ref&gt; a kas waig ti glasier iti naniebe a pantok iti {{pagbaliwen|5597|m|ft|abbr=on}} a tinawtawagan iti [[Nevado Mismi]] idiay [[Andes]] ti Peru, ken agarup a {{pagbaliwen|160|km|mi|abbr=on}} itilaud ti [[Danaw Titicaca]] ken {{pagbaliwen|700|km|mi|abbr=on}} iti abagatan a daya ti [[Lima, Peru|Lima]]. Dagiti danum manipud iti pagsasabtan ti Nevado Mismi ket agayus idiay Quebradas [[Carhuasanta]] ken Apacheta, ken agayus met idiay [[Karayan Apurímac|Río Apurímac]] a daytoy ket tributario ti Ucayali ken kalpasanna ket tumipon iti Marañón tapno mangporma iti matutop nga Amasona. Bayat a ti pagsasabtan ti Ucayali–Marañón ket ti puntos a kaaduan dagiti heograpo ket  ti lugar a pangikabilanda ti maitutop nga Amasona, idiay Brasil ti karayan ket ammo iti daytoy a puntos a kas ti ''[[Solimões]] das Águas''. Iti ad-adayo pay a paset ti baba ti karayan manipud iti pagsasabtan ket ti pagsabatan dagiti nangisit ti marisna a danum ti Rio Negro iti namarisan iti darat a [[Solimões|Rio Solimões]], ken para iti sumurok a {{pagbaliwen|6|km|0|abbr=on}}, dagitoy a danum ket agabayda nga agayus a saan nga aglaok.

Kalpasan ti pagsasabtan idiay Apurímac ken Ucayali, ti karayan ket panawann ti lugar ti Andes ken palikmutan daytoy babaen ti tanap ti layus. Manipud ti daytoy a puntos aginggana idiay Marañón, iti agarup a {{pagbaliwen|1600|km|mi|abbr=on}}, dagiti kabakiran a bangkag ket asideg iti danum ken napauten a malayus sakbay a ti karayan ket makaabot iti kangatuan a gatad iti layusna. Dagaiti ababa a bangkag ti karayan ket lapdan laeng dagiti bassit a turod, ken ti karayan ket sumrek iti dakkel a  [[katuduan a bakir ti Amasona]].

Dagiti sistema ti karayan ken dagiti tanap ti layus idiay Brasil, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia ken Venezuela, a dagiti danumda ket agayus idiay ''Solimões'' ken dagiti tributarioda, ket tinawtawagan iti &quot;Akinngato nga Amasona&quot;.
Ti maitutop a Karayan nga Amasona ket kaaduan nga agayus babaen ti Brasil ken Peru. Daytoy ket paset ti pagbeddengan a nagbatean ti Colombia ken Perú, ken addaan kadagiti tribuario nga umabot idiay Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, ken Bolivia.
{{clearleft}}
== Panaglayus ==
[[Papeles:Amazon-river-NASA.jpg|thumb|Ti ladawan nga ala ti satelite ti [[NASA]] iti nalayus a paset ti karayan]]

Saan amin dagiti tributario ti Amasona ket aglayus iti agpapada a tiempo iti tinawen. Adu kadagiti sanga ket mangrugi nga aglayus iti Nobiembre ket mabalin nga agtuloy nga aglayus aginggana iti Hunio. Ti panaglayus ti Rio Negro ket mangrugi iti Pebrero wenno maysa ket mangrugi a umababaw iti Hunio. Ti Karayan Madeira ket aglayus ken umababaw kadagiti nasapsapa a bulan ngem dagiti dadduma iti Amasona.

Ti kaadalem ti Amason aiti nagbaetan ti [[Manacapuru]] ken [[Óbidos, Brazil|Óbidos]] ket nakarkulo a kas ti nagbaetan ti {{pagbaliwen|20|to|26|m|ft}}. Idiay Manacapuru ti kaadalem ti danum ti Amasona ket agarup laeng iti {{pagbaliwen|24|m|ft}} iti ngato ti [[pantar ti baybay|natimbeng a pantar ti baybay]]. Ad-adu ngem kagudua ti danum iti Amason a iti baba ti karayan ti Manacapuru ket adda iti baba ti pantar ti baybay.&lt;ref name=junk&gt;{{Cite book|last= Junk |first= Wolfgang J. |title= The Central Amazon Floodplain: Ecology of a Pulsing System |year= 1997 |publisher= Springer |isbn= 978-3-540-59276-1 |url= http://books.google.com/books?id=1eMWTwL4rbEC&amp;pg=PA44 |page= 44}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iti kababaan a pasetna ti kaadalem ti Amasona ket agtimbeng iti {{pagbaliwen|20|to|50|m|ft}}, kadagiti dadduma a lugar ket ad-adu a kas iti {{pagbaliwen|100|m|ft}}.&lt;ref name=whitton&gt;{{Cite book|last= Whitton |first= B.A. |title= River Ecology |year= 1975 |publisher= University of California Press |isbn= 978-0-520-03016-9 |url= http://books.google.com/books?id=q5H_1PtdvrAC&amp;pg=PA462 |page= 462}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ti nangruna a karayan ket malayag dagiti dakkel a barko ti taaw a mapmapan idiay [[Manaus]], iti {{pagbaliwen|1500|km|mi}} iti ngato ti karayan manipud iti [[sabangan]]. Dagiti babbabassit a barko ti taaw iti 3,000 a tontonelada wenno 9,000 a tontonelada&lt;ref name=encarta /&gt; ken {{pagbaliwen|5.5|m|ft}} a kalado et makaabot iti kaadayo a kas idiay [[Iquitos]], Peru, ken {{pagbaliwen|3600|km|mi}} manipud iti baybay. Dagiti babbabassit a bangkag ti karayan ket makaabot iti {{pagbaliwen|780|km|mi}} iti nangatngato ken ad-adayo a kas idiay Puntos Achual. Iti labes iti dayta, dagiti bassit a bangka ket kankanayonda a sumalog idiay [[Pongo de Manseriche]], iti ngato bassit ti Punto Achual.

Ti tinawen a panaglayus ket patauden dagiti atab dagiti allon a tinawtawagan ti &quot;pororoca&quot;. Dagiti allon ket mapasamak iti naladaw a paset ti panaglalam-ek iti atab, no ti [[Taaw Atlantiko]] ket abutenna ti karayan. Dagiti pagresultaan nga allon ket mabalin nga agtayag kadagiti 4 a metro ken mabalin a lumasat kadagiti 13 kilometro iti kaunegan a daga.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://amazingstuff.co.uk/sport/surfing-the-pororoca-2/#.UiXxWDbIVoZ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2015-02-10 |archive-date=2015-04-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150417095442/http://amazingstuff.co.uk/sport/surfing-the-pororoca-2/#.UiXxWDbIVoZ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Heograpia ==
[[Papeles:Manaus Encontro das aguas 10 2006 103 8x6.jpg|thumb|left|Ti [[Pagsarungkaran dagiti Danum]] ket ti pagsasabtan ti [[Rio Negro (Amasona)|Rio Negro]] (nangisit) ken ti Rio Amadonas (kadaratan) idiay asideg ti [[Manaus]], Brasil.]]

Kadagiti dadduma a puntos ti karayan ket mabingay kadagiti sanga a pumanaw iti nangruna a dalan ti danum, wenno nadumaduma a pagayusan ti danum, ken kadawyan nga atiddog unay, nga addaan iti akin-uneg a daga ken dagiti lateral a [[Kanal ti waig|kanal]], nga amin ket naikapet babaen ti narikut a sistema dagiti natural a kanal, a mangiwa ti ababa, nadalumpinas a dagdaga ti ''igapó'', a dagitoy ket saan a ad-adu ngem {{pagbaliwen|5|m|ft}} iti ngato ti ababa a karayan, kadagiti adu nga isla.

Manipud ti ili ti Canaria idiay nalatak a tikor ti Amasona aginggana iti Negro, dagiti nawatiwat a lugar ti daga ket lumnedda iti nagato a danum, nga iti ngato ket agparang laeng dagiti tuktok dagiti kayo ti kabakiran. Idiay asideg ti sabangan ti Rio Negro aginggana idiay Serpa, ken ganggani a kasumbangir ti karayan Madeira, dagiti igid ti Amasona ket ababa, aginggana intono umasideg idiay Manaus, ngumatoda tapno agbalinda kadagiti agkupkupin a turod. Idiay Óbidos, ti derraas iti {{pagbaliwen|17|m|ft|abbr=on}} iti ngato ti karayan ket nalikudan babaen dagiti ababa a turod. Ti ab-ababa nga Amasona ket mabalin idi a maysa a golpo ti Taaw Atlantiko, ken dagiti danumna ket dinalusanna dagiti derraas idiay asideg ti Óbidos.

Agarup laeng a sangapulo a porsiento ti danum ti Amasona ket sumrek a sumalog idiay Óbidos, bassit laeng ti agtaud manipud iti akin-amianan a bakras ti ginget. Ti pagayusan a lugar ti labneng Amasona iti ngato ti siudad ti Óbidos ket agarup a {{pagbaliwen|5000000|km2|sqmi}}, ken iti baba ti agarup a {{pagbaliwen|1000000|km2|sqmi}} (agarup a 20%), ken eksklusibo iti {{pagbaliwen|1400000|km2|sqmi}} iti labneng ti Tocantins. Ti [[Karayan Tocantins]] ket sumrek iti akin-abagatan a paset ti delta ti Amasona.

Kadagiti ab-ababa a gay-at ti karayan, ti amianan nga igid ket buklen dagiti serye ti napadsok, nadalumpinas a turturod para iti agarup a {{pagbaliwen|240|km|mi}} manipud iti kasumbangir a sabangan ti Xingu ken ad-adayo a kas idiay [[Monte Alegre, Pará|Monte Alegre]]. Dagiti a turod ket naguduagudua a kas ti [[Teresa (agrikultura)|teresa] a mabirukan iti nagbaetanda ken ti karayan.

Iti abagatan nga igid, iti ngato ti Xingu, ti linia dagiti ababa a deraas a nagbeddengan dagiti tanap ti layus ket ganggani a sumakop idiay [[Santarém, Brasil|Santarém]] kadagiti serye ti naulumaymay a bakkog sakbay nga agsikkoda iti abagatan a laud, ken dumenna iti akin-baba a Tapajós, ken tumipon dagiti deraas a mangporma ti pagbaetan ti teresa ti ginget ti karayan ti Tapajós.

== Sabangan ==
[[Papeles:Amazon-river-delta-NASA.jpg|thumb|Ti ladawan nga ala ti satelite iti sabangan ti Karayan Amasona, a tumantan-aw iti abagatan]]
Ti panangipalawag no ania ti eksakto a pakabirukan ti sabangan ti Amasona, ken kasano ti kalawana, ket banag a pagsusuppiatan, gapu ti pekuliar a heograpia ti lugar. Ti Pará ken ti Amasona ket naisilpo babaen dagiti serye ti pagayusan ti danum ti karayan a tinawtawagan ti ''furos'' idiay asideg ti ili ti [[Breves, Brasil|Breves]]; iti baetanda ket mabirukan ti [[Marajó]], ti kadakkelan a naipagtitipon a karayan/baybay nga isla iti lubong.

No mairaman ti daga ti sanguanan ti karayan Pará ken ti isla ti taaw ti Marajó, ti [[estuario]] ti Amasona ket agarup a {{pagbaliwen|325|km|mi}} iti kalawa.&lt;ref name=guo /&gt; Iti daytoy a kaso, ti kaakaba ti sabangan ket kadawayn a marukod manipud idiay Cabo Norte, ti rawis a mabirukan iti dagus a daya ti [[Pracuúba]] idiay estado ti Brasil iti [[Amapá]], aginggana idiay Ponta da Tijoca idiay asideg ti ili ti [[Curuçá]], idiay estado ti [[Pará]].

Ti ad-adu a konserbatibo a panagrukod a mailaksid ti estuario ti Pará, manipud iti sabangan ti [[Karayan Araguari (Amapá)|Karayan Araguari]] aginggana idiay Ponta do Navio idiay akin-amianan nga aplaya ti Marajó, ngem mangited pay laeng ti kaakaba ti sabangan ti Amasona iti sumurok a {{pagbaliwen|180|km|mi}}. No maikeddeng laeng ti nagruna a pagayusan ti danum ti karayan, iti nagbaetan dagiti isla ti Curuá (estado ti Amapá) ken Jurupari (estado ti Pará), ti kaakaba ket bumassit iti agarup a {{pagbaliwen|15|km|mi}}.

== Fauna ==
[[Papeles:Amazon river.JPG|thumb|Ti [[Katuduan a bakir ti Amasona]]]]
[[Papeles:Piranha1.jpg|thumb|Dagiti [[Characin]], a kas dagiti sebbangan ti [[pirana]], ket sidsidaen dagiti [[higante a nutria]], ngem dagitoy nga agresibo nga ikan ket makadangran pay kadagiti tatttao.]]

Ad-adu ngem maysa a pagkatlo kadagiti amin nga ammo a sebbangan iti lubong ket agnanaed idiay [[katuduan a bakir ti Amasona]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/NEWS/0,,contentMDK:20757099~pagePK:64257043~piPK:437376~theSitePK:4607,00.html |title=Amazon rainforest fact sheet |publisher=Web.worldbank.org |date=15 Disiembre 2005 |accessdate=13 Pebrero 2011 |archive-date=2014-05-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140503151515/http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/NEWS/0,,contentMDK:20757099~pagePK:64257043~piPK:437376~theSitePK:4607,00.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; ti higante a tropikal a kabakiran ken labneng ti karayan nga addaan iti maysa a kalawan a sumakop iti ad-adu ngem {{pagbaliwen|5400000|km2|sqmi}}. Daytoy ti kabaknangan a tropikal a kabakiran iti lubong kadagiti termino iti [[biodibersidad]]. Adda dagiti sumurok a 3,000 sebbangan ti ikan nga agdama a mabigbigan iti labneng ti Amasona, ken adu pay dagiti agdama a madukduktalan iti tinawen.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book
|editor1-last=Albert|editor1-first=J. S.
|editor2-first=R. E.|editor2-last=Reis
|year=2011
|title=Historical Biogeography of Neotropical Freshwater Fishes
|publisher=University of California Press
|location=Berkeley
}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iti pay maipatinayon kadagiti rinibu a sebbangan ti ikan, ti karayan ket mangsuporta pay kadagiti kappi, algas, ken dagiti pag-ong.

== Heolohia ==
Ti Karayan Amasona ket nagtaud a kas transkontinental a karayan iti Pnawen ti  Mioseno idi baetan ti 11.8 riwriw ken 11.3 riwriw a tawtawen iti napalabas ken nakaal aiti agdama a sukogna idi agarup a 2.4 a riwriw a tawtawen iti naplabas.

Ti Amasona ket nagayus idi iti laud a kas paset ti sistema ti karayan ti proto-Amasona-Kongo, manipud iti interior iti agdama nga aldaw nga Aprika idi dagiti kontinente ket nagsilpoda a kas ti akinlaud a Gondwana. Kadagiti sangapulo ket lima  a riwriw a tawtawen iti napalabas, naporma dagiti banbantay ti Andes babaen ti panagdinnungpar ti plata ti Abagatan nga Amerika iti plata Nazca. Ti pannakaipangato ti Andes ken ti pannakaisilpo dagiti kalasag ti bato ti Brasil ken Guyana, ket nanglapped ti karayan ken gapuanan ti Amasona a nagbalin a nawatiwat nga uneg ti daga a baybay. Nagininut daytoy a baybay iti uneg ti daga a nagbalin a dakkel a nalugnak, nasadiwa a danum a danaw ken dagiti agtataeng iti baybay ket nangamponda iti biag iti nasadiwa a danum. Kas pagarigan, dagiti sumurok a 20 a sebbangan ti pagi, a kaaduan a kaasitgan a kabagian kadagiti mabirukan idiay Taaw Pasipiko, ket mabalin a mabirukan ita nga aldaw kadagiti nasadiwa a danum ti Amasona.

Sangapulo ken sangapulo ket maysa a riwriw a tawtawen iti napalabas, dagiti danum ken nakutikotanda dagiti gubang manipud iti laud ken ti Amasona ket nangrugin nga agayus nga agpadaya, ken nakaiturongan daytoy iti irurumsua ti katuduan a bakir ti Amasona. Idi las-ud dagidi Panawen ti Yelo, dagiti pantar ti baybay ket immababawda ken ti nalatak a danaw ti Amasona ket pimmardas a naatianan ken nagbalin a karayan, ken kanungpalan a nagbalin a ti kadakkelan iti lubong, ken nagayus ti kaaduan a gay-at iti kautuduan a bakir iti planeta.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|first=J.|last=Figueiredo|author2= C. Hoorn, P. van der Ven and E. Soares|title=Late Miocene onset of the Amazon River and the Amazon deep-sea fan: Evidence from the Foz do Amazonas Basin.|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_geology_2009-07_37_7/page/619|journal=Geology|year=2009|volume=37|pages=619–622|doi=10.1130/g25567a.1 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dagiti kangrunaan a tributario ==
Ti Amasona ket addaan kadagiti sumurok a 1,100 [[tributario]], 17 kadagitoy ket sumurok a {{pagbaliwen|1500|km}} iti kaatiddog.&lt;ref&gt;Tom Sterling: ''Der Amazonas''. Time-Life Bücher 1979, 8th German Printing, p. 20&lt;/ref&gt; Dagiti nangruna ket dagiti sumaganad:
[[Papeles:Aerial view of the Amazon Rainforest.jpg|thumb|right|Ti [[Solimões]], ti paset ti akinngato a Karayan Amasona]]

{|
|-
| valign=top |
* [[Karayan Branco|Branco]]
* [[Kanal Casiquiare]]
* [[Karayan Caqueta]]
* [[Karayan Huallaga|Huallaga]]
* [[Karayan Putumayo|Putumayo (wenno Karayan Içá)]]
* [[Karayan Javary|Javary]]
| style=&quot;width:40px;&quot;| &amp;nbsp; || valign=top |
* [[Karayan Juruá|Juruá]]
* [[Karayan Madeira|Madeira]]
* [[Karayan Marañón|Marañón]]
* [[Morona]]
* [[Karayan Nanay|Nanay]]
* [[Karayan Napor|Napo]]
| style=&quot;width:40px;&quot;| &amp;nbsp; || valign=top |
* [[Rio Negro (Amasona)|Negro]]
* [[Karayan Pastaza|Pastaza]]
* [[Karayan Purús|Purús]]
* [[Karayan Tambo (Peru)|Tambo]]
* [[Tapajós]]
* [[Karayan Tigre|Tigre]]
| style=&quot;width:40px;&quot;| &amp;nbsp; || valign=top |
* [[Karayan Tocantins|Tocantins]]
* [[Trombetas]]
* [[Karayan Ucayali|Ucayali]]
* [[Karayan Xingu|Xingu]]
* [[Karayan Japurá|Yapura]]
|}

=== Listaan babaen ti kaatiddog ===
# {{Pagbaliwen|6,259.2|km|mi|abbr=on}} aginggana iti {{Pagbaliwen|6712|km|mi|abbr=on}} – Amasona, Abagatan nga Amerika&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.extremescience.com/zoom/index.php/earth-records/3-greatest-river |title=Greatest River |publisher=Extremescience.com |accessdate=13 Pebrero 2011 |archive-date=2011-08-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110808200252/http://www.extremescience.com/zoom/index.php/earth-records/3-greatest-river |url-status=dead }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110808200252/http://www.extremescience.com/zoom/index.php/earth-records/3-greatest-river |date=2011-08-08 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
# {{Pagbaliwen|3250|km|mi|abbr=on}} – [[Karayan Madeira|Madeira]], Bolivia/Brasil&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.talktalk.co.uk/reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0023864.html |title=Madeira (river) |publisher=Talktalk.co.uk |accessdate=13 Pebrero 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# {{Pagbaliwen|3211|km|mi|abbr=on}} – [[Karayan Purús|Purús]], Peru/Brasil&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.answers.com/topic/purus-river-geoglam-in-encyclopedia |title=Purus River: Information from |publisher=Answers.com |accessdate=13 Pebrero 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# {{Pagbaliwen|2820|km|mi|abbr=on}} – [[Karayan Japurá|Yapura]], Colombia/Brasil&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/301337/Japura-River |title=Japura River (river, South America) – Encyclopædia Britannica |work=Encyclopædia Britannica |accessdate=13 Pebrero 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# {{Pagbaliwen|2639|km|mi|abbr=on}} – [[Karayan Tocantins|Tocantins]], Brasil&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/world/A0848937.html |title=Private Tutor |publisher=Infoplease.com |accessdate=13 Pebrero 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Papeles:Amazonie jt01.png|thumb|Ti naala iti tangatang a pakaimatangan ti maysa a tributario ti Amasona]]
# {{Pagbaliwen|2627|km|mi|abbr=on}} – [[Karayan Araguaia|Araguaia]], Brasil (tributario ti Tocantins)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/31943/Araguaia-River |title=Araguaia River (river, Brazil) – Encyclopædia Britannica |work=Encyclopædia Britannica |accessdate=13 Pebrero 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# {{Pagbaliwen|2400|km|mi|abbr=on}} – [[Karayan Juruá|Juruá]], Peru/Brasil&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.answers.com/topic/ju-ru-river |title=Juruá River: Information from |publisher=Answers.com |accessdate=13 Pebrero 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# {{Pagbaliwen|2250|km|mi|abbr=on}} – [[Rio Negro (Amasona)|Rio Negro]], Brasil/Venezuela/Colombia&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.answers.com/topic/negro-river-chaco |title=Negro River: Information from |publisher=Answers.com |accessdate=13 Pebrero 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# {{Pagbaliwen|1992|km|mi|abbr=on}} – [[Tapajós]], Brasil&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/583075/Tapajos-River |title=Tapajos River (river, Brazil) – Encyclopædia Britannica |work=Encyclopædia Britannica |accessdate=13 Pebrero 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# {{Pagbaliwen|1979|km|mi|abbr=on}} – [[Karayan Xingu|Xingu]], Brasil&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.internationalrivers.org/en/xingu |title=Xingu River |publisher=International Rivers |accessdate=13 Pebrero 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# {{Pagbaliwen|1900|km|mi|abbr=on}} – [[Karayan Ucayali]], Peru&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://geography.howstuffworks.com/south-america/the-ucayali-river.htm |title=HowStuffWorks &quot;The Ucayali River&quot; |publisher=Geography.howstuffworks.com |date=30 Marso 2008 |accessdate=13 Pebrero 2011 |archive-date=2012-04-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120401063627/http://geography.howstuffworks.com/south-america/the-ucayali-river.htm |url-status=dead }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120401063627/http://geography.howstuffworks.com/south-america/the-ucayali-river.htm |date=2012-04-01 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
# {{Pagbaliwen|1749|km|mi|abbr=on}} – [[Karayan Guaporé|Guaporé]], Brasil/Bolivia (tributario ti Madeira)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/247824/Guapore-River |title=Guapore River (river, South America) – Encyclopædia Britannica |work=Encyclopædia Britannica |accessdate=13 Pebrero 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# {{Pagbaliwen|1575|km|mi|abbr=on}} – [[Karayan Putumayo|Içá (Putumayo)]], Abagatan nga Amerika
# {{Pagbaliwen|1415|km|mi|abbr=on}} – [[Karayan Marañón|Marañón]], Peru
# {{Pagbaliwen|1370|km|mi|abbr=on}} – [[Teles Pires]], Brasil (tributario ti Tapajós)
# {{Pagbaliwen|1300|km|mi|abbr=on}} – [[Karayan Iriri|Iriri]], Brasil (tributario ti Xingu)
# {{Pagbaliwen|1240|km|mi|abbr=on}} – [[Karayan Juruena|Juruena]], Brasil (tributario ti Tapajós)
# {{Pagbaliwen|1130|km|mi|abbr=on}} – [[Karayan Madre de Dios|Madre de Dios]], Peru/Bolivia (tributario ti Madeira)
# {{Pagbaliwen|1100|km|mi|abbr=on}} – [[Karayan Huallagar|Huallaga]], Peru (tributario ti Marañón)

== Dagiti nagibasaran ==
{{Reflist}}
* {{1911|wstitle=Amazon}}

== Dagiti akinruar a silpo ==
{{Commons-nailinia}}
* [http://www.ppl.nl/index.php?option=com_wrapper&amp;view=wrapper&amp;Itemid=82 Bibliograpia kadagiti Rekurso ti Danum ken Internasional a Linteg] Biblioteka ti Kappia a Palasio
* [http://www.extremescience.com/AmazonRiver.htm Pakaammo iti Amasona manipud iti Nakaro a Siensia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100206042928/http://www.extremescience.com/AmazonRiver.htm |date=2010-02-06 }}
* [http://earthtrends.wri.org/maps_spatial/maps_detail_static.cfm?map_select=410&amp;theme=2 Pakaammo ken mapa ti taudan ti danum ti Amasona] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041214073810/http://earthtrends.wri.org/maps_spatial/maps_detail_static.cfm?map_select=410&amp;theme=2 |date=2004-12-14 }}
* [http://jordibusque.com/index.php?lang=en&amp;current=stories&amp;subcurrent=amazonas&amp;subsubcurrent=CF0646-DSC_5912.jpg Ti potograpiko ti agpangato a panagbanniaga idi Karayan Amsona manipud iti sabanganna aginggana iti taudanna]
* [http://www.lightandshadow.tv/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=57&amp;Itemid=113&amp;lang=en Sibibiag nga Amasona: Lawag ken Anniniwan a dokumentario ti pelikula a maipanggep iti Karayan Amasona] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170826071647/http://www.lightandshadow.tv/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=57&amp;Itemid=113&amp;lang=en |date=2017-08-26 }}
* [http://www.discover-peru.org/peru-geography-amazon-river-ecosystem/ Ekosistema ti Karayan Amasona]
* [http://dornsife.usc.edu/labs/capone/anacondas Panagsukisok iti impluensia ti Karayan Amasona iti Taaw Atlantiko idiay Unibersidad ti Akin abagatan a California] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191109011024/https://dornsife.usc.edu/labs/capone/anacondas/ |date=2019-11-09 }}

{{Kontrol ti autoridad}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Amasona}}
[[Kategoria:Karayan Amasona| ]]
[[Kategoria:Dagiti karayan ti Brasil]]
[[Kategoria:Dagiti karayan ti Colombia]]
[[Kategoria:Dagiti karayan ti Peru]]
[[Kategoria:Dagiti karayan ti Ecuador]]
[[Kategoria:Dagiti sangalubongan a karayan ti Abagatan nga Amerika]]
[[Kategoria:Pagbeddengan ti Colombia–Peru]]
[[Kategoria:Nangruna nga artikulo (atiddog)]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Dubai</title>
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      <text bytes="13029" sha1="570w7tvbvcnlt86a0azy84ir4sn3k3k" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox pagtaengan
|name=Dubai
|official_name=Emirato ti Dubai
|native_name=&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;{{lang|ar|دبي}}&lt;/span&gt;
|settlement_type=[[Emirato]]
|translit_lang1_type=[[Arabiko a sinuratan|Arabiko]]
|translit_lang1_info= دبي
|image_skyline= Dubai night skyline.jpg
|image_caption= Kalsada Sheikh Zayed
|image_flag=Flag of Dubai.svg
|image_map= Dubai.png
|map_caption = Ti Dubai (nalabbasit) ti uneg ti [[Dagiti Nagkaykaysa nga Emirato nga Arabo|UAE]] (nalabbasit ken duyaw)
|image_map1=LocationUnitedArabEmirates.png
|coordinates={{coord|25|15|47|N|55|17|50|E|type:adm1st_region:AE|display=inline,title}}
|seat=Dubai
|government_type=[[Batay-linteg a monarkia]]&lt;ref name=constmonarchy&gt;{{cite web |title=Batay linteg ti UAE |url=http://www.helplinelaw.com/law/uae/constitution/constitution01.php |publisher=Helplinelaw.com |accessdate=21 Hulio 2008 |archive-date=2013-02-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130217082141/http://helplinelaw.com/law/uae/constitution/constitution01.php |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|subdivision_type=Pagilian
|subdivision_name={{wagayway|Dagiti Nagkaykaysa nga Emirato nga Arabo}}
|subdivision_type2=[[Dagiti Emirato Dagiti Nagkaykaysa nga Emirato nga Arabo|Emirato]]
|subdivision_name2={{flagu|Dubai}}
|parts_type=Dagiti subdibision
|parts=Dagiti ili ken purok
|p1 = [[Jebel Ali]]
|p2 = [[Hatta, Dagiti Nagkaykaysa nga Emirato nga Arabo|Hatta]]
|p3 = Al Hunaiwah
|p4 = [[Al Aweer]]
|p5 = Al Hajarain
|p6 = Al Lusayli
|p7 = Al Marqab
|p8 = Al Faq
|p9 = Hail
|p10 = Assam
|p11 = Ud al-Bayda
|p12 = Al Malaiha
|p13 = Al Madam
|p14 = Margham
|p15 = Urqub Juwayza
|p16 = Al Qima
|leader_title=[[Monarkia|Agturturay]]
|leader_name=[[Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum]]
|leader_title1=[[Nabalangatan a Prinsipe]]
|leader_name1=[[Hamdan Bin Mohammed Bin Rashid Al Maktoum|Hamdan bin Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum]]
|established_title1=Nainkorporado (ili)
|established_date1=9 Hunio 1833
|established_title2=Panagwaywayas manipud iti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagarian
|established_date2=2 Disiembre 1971
|founder=[[Al Maktoum|Hamdan bin Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum]]
|area_magnitude=
|area_total_km2=4114
|area_footnotes=&lt;ref&gt;Kalawa ti &quot;emirato ti Dubai emirate&quot;, a mairaman dagiti naparboan nga is-isla.&lt;/ref&gt;
|population_as_of=2010
|population_metro=3,843,121
|population_total=2262000
|population_density_km2=408.18
|population_density_sq_mi=1057
|population_blank1_title=Panakaumilian&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:normal; font-size:80%;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; (2005)&lt;/span&gt;
|population_blank1= 35% [[Dagiti Indiano idiay Dagiti Nagkaykaysa nga Emirato nga Arabo|Indiano]] &lt;br /&gt; 17% [[Tattao nga Emirati|Emirati]] &lt;br /&gt; 13.3% [[Dagiti Pakistani idiay Dagiti Nagkaykaysa nga Emirato nga Arabo|Pakistani]] &lt;br /&gt; 7.5% [[Dagiti Bangladeshi idiay Dagiti Nagkaykaysa nga Emirato nga Arabo|Bangladeshi]] &lt;br /&gt; 2.5% [[Dagiti Pilipino idiay Dagiti Nagkaykaysa nga Emirato nga Arabo|Pilipino]] &lt;br /&gt; 1.5% [[Dagiti Sri Lankano idiay Dagiti Nagkaykaysa nga Emirato nga Arabo|Sri Lankan]] &lt;br /&gt; 0.9% Europeano &lt;br /&gt; 0.3% [[Dagiti Amerikano idiay Dagiti Nagkaykaysa nga Emirato nga Arabo|Amerikano]] &lt;br /&gt; 5.7% dadduma pay a pagpagilian
|utc_offset=+4
|timezone=Pagalagadan nga oras ti UAE
|website=[http://www.dubai.ae/en/pages/default.aspx Dubai Emirate]&lt;br /&gt;[http://www.dm.gov.ae/wps/portal/MyHomeEn Munisipalidad ti Dubai]
|footnotes=
}}
Ti '''Dubai''' ({{IPAc-en|d|uː|ˈ|b|aɪ}} {{respell|doo|BY|'}}; {{lang-ar|دبيّ}} ''{{transl|ar|DIN|Dubayy}}'', {{IPA-ar|dʊ'bæj|IPA}}) ket maysa nga [[emirato]] ti uneg ti [[Dagiti Nagkaykaysa nga Emirato nga Arabo]] (UAE).Ti maysa a siudad ti uneg ti emirato ket nanaganan pay ti Dubai. Ti emirato ket mabirukan idiay abagatan a daya ti [[Golpo Persiano]] idiay [[Arabiano a Peninsula]] ken adda ti kadakkelan a populasion nga adda ti maikadua a kadkkelan a teritorio ti daga babaen ti kalawa kadagiti amin nga emirato, kalpasan ti [[Abu Dhabi (emirato)|Abu Dhabi]].&lt;ref name=dxbpopulation&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&amp;men=gcis&amp;lng=en&amp;dat=32&amp;geo=-12&amp;srt=pnan&amp;col=aohdq&amp;va=&amp;pt=a |title=Dagiti Nagkaykaysa nga Emirato nga Arabo: metropolitano a luglugar |publisher=World-gazetteer.com |accessdate=31 Hulio 2009 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20121204150620/http://www.world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&amp;men=gcis&amp;lng=en&amp;dat=32&amp;geo=-12&amp;srt=pnan&amp;col=aohdq&amp;va=&amp;pt=a |archivedate=2012-12-04 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ti Dubai ken Abu Dhabi ket isu dagitoy laeng ti dua nga emirato nga addaan iti beto a bileg kadagiti nangruna a banbanag nga addaan iti nailian a kangrunaan iti [[Pederala Nailain a Konsilo|lehislatura]] ti pagilian .&lt;ref name=dxbshj&gt;Ti Gibierno ken Politika ti Tengnga a Daya ken Amianan nga Aprika. D Long, B Reich. p.157&lt;/ref&gt; Ti Siudad ti Dubai ket mabirukan idiay akin-amianan nga aplaya ti emirato. Ti Dubai ket kankanayon a naipagpagarup a kas maysa a pagilian kadagiti kaaduan a kaso, ti sibubukel nga UAE ket naibagbaga idi a kas ti 'Dubai.'&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.thatsdubai.com/where-is-dubai.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2012-09-28 |archive-date=2013-02-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130215234701/http://www.thatsdubai.com/where-is-dubai.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ti kasapaan a panakaibagbaga ti Dubai ket idi 1095, ket ti kasapaan a panagtaeng a tinawtawagan a kas ti Dubai nga ili ket napetsaan manipud idi 1799. Ti Dubai ket pormal a nabangon idi 1833 babaen ni Sheikh Maktoum bin Buti al Maktoum idi nakaawis kadagiti 800 a kameng ti Bani Yas a tribu, a nagtataeng ti paset ti tattan a Saudi Arabia, tapno mangsurot kaniana idiay Alog ti Dubai babaen ti Al Abu Falasa a sangkaputotan ti [[Bani Yas]]. Daytoy ket nabatbati a tinengtengngel ti sangkaputotan idi nangirugi ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagarian a mangsalaknib ti Dubai idi 1892.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/expat/expatlife/8575461/Give-me-a-break-stop-knocking-Dubai.html |title=Give me a break: stop knocking Dubai |publisher=Telegraph |date=16 Hunio 2011 |accessdate=12 Agosto 2011 |location=Londres}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ti heograpiko a lokasionna ket mangited daytoy ti nangruna a sentro ti pagtagtagilakuan ken babaen ti rugi ti maika-20 a siglo, daytoy ket maysa idi a nangruna a puerto.

Tatta nga aldaw, ti Siudad ti Dubai ket rimsua a kas maysa a [[sangalubongan a siudad]] ken maysa a sentro ti komersio.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2008/10/15/the_2008_global_cities_index?page=0,0|title=Ti 2008 a Pagsurotan dagiti Sangalubongan a Siudad|date=15 Oktubre 2008|publisher=Ganganaet nga Annuroten|accessdate=20 Abril 2010|archive-date=2010-05-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100520111037/http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2008/10/15/the_2008_global_cities_index?page=0,0|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Urayno ti ekonomia ti Dubai ket naipatakder iti [[lana nga industria]], ti modelo ti komersio ti emirato ket isu ti mangpapaandar ti ekonomiana, nga adda ti nagbanagan a dagiti nangruna a puonanna ket agtaud tattan ti  [[Turismo idiay Dubai|turismo]], tagikua a daga, ken dagiti serbisio ti pinansia, a kapadpada daytoy kadagiti Akinlaud a pagpagilian.&lt;ref name=oilrev&gt;[http://www.ameinfo.com/122863.html Oil share dips in Dubai GDP] ''AMEInfo'' (9 Hunio 2007) Naala idi 15 Oktubre 2007.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ArBusEcon&quot;&gt;[http://www.arabianbusiness.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=7297:dubai-economy-set-to-treble-by-2015&amp;Itemid=1 Ti ekonomia ti Dubai ket agpakatlo a dumakkel intono 2015] ''ArabianBusiness.com'' (3 Pebrero 2007) Naala idi 15 Oktubre 2007.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Ddooo&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Ti Dubai ket mangisabsabali manipud iti lana |url=http://www.ameinfo.com/66981.html |publisher=AMEInfo |date=7 Septiembre 2005 |accessdate=12 Agosto 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ti Dubai ket kabiitan a nakaawawis ti sangalubongan a panagikaskaso babaen kadagiti adu a panagipabpabaro a dadakkel a panagbangon a gandat ken dagiti pasamak ti isports. Daytoy a panagpaadu a panagikaskaso ket nangipakpakita kadagiti karbengan ti panagtrabaho ken karbengan ti nagtagitaoan a bambanag a maipanggep kadagiti kaaduan nga Abagatan nga Asiano a mangmanggedanna.&lt;ref&gt;Mike Davis (2006) [http://newleftreview.org/?page=article&amp;view=2635 Panagbutbuteng ken Kuarta idiay Dubai], ''New Left Review'' 41, pp. 47–68&lt;/ref&gt; Ti tagikua a pagilakuan ti Dubai ket nakasanay ti narigat a pannakaapday idi 2008 ken 2009 a kas ti nagbanagan ti pannakaapday ti sangalubongan nga ekonomiko kalpasan ti [[pinansia didigra ti 2007–2012]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Propertywire.com&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.propertywire.com/news/middle-east/job-losses-property-decline-dubai-200812032193.html |title=Dagiti pannakapukaw ti trabaho ket nangipardas ti pannakaapday idiay Dubai ngem ti kalalainganna a nabayag a termino a pagbanagan ket nasayaat &amp;#124; Tengnga a Daya &amp;#124; Damdamag |publisher=Propertywire.com |date=3 Disiembre 2008 |accessdate=14 Hulio 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nupay kasta, ti Dubai ket nakaaramid ti natalinaay ket nainut a panakaungar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://arabiangazette.com/dubai-witnessed-stable-financial-recovery/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2012-09-28 |archive-date=2015-10-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151012012652/http://www.arabiangazette.com/dubai-witnessed-stable-financial-recovery/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Manipud idi 2012, ti Dubai ket isu ti maika-22 a kanginaan a siudad iti lubong, a linabsanna ti [[Londres]] (maika-25) ken isu ti kanginaan a siudad idiay Tengnga a Daya, a naglablabas ti [[Tel Aviv]] (maika-31).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.thenational.ae/thenationalconversation/industry-insights/economics/cost-of-living-in-dubai-rising-rapidly |title=Archive copy |access-date=2012-09-28 |archive-date=2013-01-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130122062758/http://www.thenational.ae/thenationalconversation/industry-insights/economics/cost-of-living-in-dubai-rising-rapidly |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.thepeninsulaqatar.com/business-news/208156-oslo-zurich-and-tokyo-are-most-expensive-cities.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2012-09-28 |archive-date=2013-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130504180335/http://www.thepeninsulaqatar.com/business-news/208156-oslo-zurich-and-tokyo-are-most-expensive-cities.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ti [[Mercer (pagkonsultaan a kompania)|Mercer]] ket nangiranggo ti Dubai a kas ti kasayaatan a lugar a pagtaengan idiay Tengnga a Daya.&lt;ref&gt;http://www.thenational.ae/business/economy/abu-dhabi-and-dubai-are-best-places-to-live-in-the-middle-east-survey-says&lt;/ref&gt;

== Etimolohia ==
Idi tawtawen ti 1820, ti Dubai ket naibagbaga a kas ti ''Al Wasl'' babaen dagiti Britaniko a historiador. Bassit laeng dagiti adda a rehistro a maipanggep ti kultural a pakasaritaan ti UAE wenno dagiti kunstituentena kadagiti [[Dagiti emirato ti Dagiti Nagkaykaysa nga Emirato nga Arabo|emirato]] ken gapu ti sinasao a tawidan ti rehion, sarsarita ken mito ket saan a naisursurat. Segun ken ni Fedel Handhal, ti maysa nga agsuksukimat iti pakasaritaan ken kultura ti UAE, ti balikas a ''Dubai'' ket mabalin a nagtaud manipud iti balikas a ''Daba'' (ti kapadpada ti ''Yadub'', a kayatna a sawen ket ''tapno agakarayam''); a mangibagbaga ti nabuntog nga ayus ti [[Alog Dubai]] a mapan ti kaunegan ti daga. Ti mannaniw ken eskolar a ni Ahmad Mohammad Obaid ket sinursurtona ti isu met laeng a balikas, ngem ti sabali a pannakaibaga ti ''[[dudon]]''.&lt;ref name=etymology2&gt;[http://www.uaeinteract.com/docs/How_did_Dubai,_Abu_Dhabi_and_other_cities_get_their_names?_Experts_reveal_all/24335.htm Kasano ti Dubai, Abu Dhabi ken dagiti sabsabali pay a siudad ti panakaala ti nagnaganda? Ipakita amin dagiti eskperto] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110525010653/http://www.uaeinteract.com/docs/How_did_Dubai,_Abu_Dhabi_and_other_cities_get_their_names?_Experts_reveal_all%2F24335.htm |date=2011-05-25 }}. UAEInteract.com. 10 Marso 2007&lt;/ref&gt;

== Paammo ==
{{Reflist}}

== Dagiti nagibasaran ==
* Syed Ali. ''Dubai: Gilded Cage'' (Unibersidad ti Yale a Pagmalditan; 2010) 240 pampanid. Mangipatengnga ti isip iti panagtrato ti emirato ti Arabo dagiti gangganaet nga agtrabtrabaho.
* Heiko Schmid: ''Ekonomia ti Panakaliwliwa: Dubai ken Chicago a kas ti Natema nga Urbano a Langa ti Daga'', Berlin, Stuttgart 2009, {{ISBN|978-3-443-37014-5}}.
* John M. Smith: ''Dubai Ti Maktoum a Sarita'', Norderstedt 2007, {{ISBN|3-8334-4660-9}}.

== Dagiti akinruar a silpo ==
{{Commons-nailinia}}
*[http://www.dubai.ae/en.portal www.Dubai.ae] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090422154810/http://www.dubai.ae/en.portal |date=2009-04-22 }} – Opisial a sapot ti pagsaadan ti Gobierno ti Dubai

{{Kontrol ti autoridad}}

[[Kategoria:Dubai| ]]
[[Kategoria:Golpo Persiano]]
[[Kategoria:Dagiti nataengan nga aplaya a lugar idiay Dagiti Nagkaykaysa nga Emirato nga Arabo]]
[[Kategoria:Dagiti metropolitano a lugar Dagiti Nagkaykaysa nga Emirato nga Arabo]]
[[Kategoria:Dagiti emirato ti Dagiti Nagkaykaysa nga Emirato nga Arabo]]
[[Kategoria:Nangruna nga artikulo]]</text>
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| name               = Sahara
| native_name        = sa'hra
| other_name         = Ti Nalatak a Desierto
| photo              = Sahara satellite hires.jpg
| photo_caption      = Ala ti satelite a ladawan ti Sahara babaen ti [[NASA World Wind]]
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&lt;!--  Location  --&gt;
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| country            = Arhelia
| country1           = Chad
| country2           = Ehipto
| country3           = Libya
| country4           = Mali
| country5           = Mauritania
| country6           = Morocco
| country7           = Niger
| country8           = Sudan
| country9           = Tunisia
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&lt;!-- Statistics --&gt;
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| length             =
| length_mi          =
| length_km          = 4800
| length_orientation =
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| width_mi           =
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&lt;!-- Below --&gt;
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Ti '''Sahara''' ({{lang-ar|الصحراء الكبرى}}, ''Aṣ-Ṣaḥrā´ al-Kubrā'', &quot;Ti Nalatak a Desierto&quot;) ket isu daytoy ti kadakkelan a napudot [[desierto]] iti lubong ken ti maikatlo a kadakkelan a desierto, kalpasan ti [[Antartika]] ken ti [[Artiko]].&lt;ref name=&quot;geology.com&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://geology.com/records/largest-desert.shtml|title=Ti Kadakkelan a Desierto ti Lubong|accessdate=2011-12-30}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nga adda ti sumurok a {{pagbaliwen|9400000|km2}}, daytoy ket kaaduan a sakupenna ti [[Amianan nga Aprika]], a makaaramid daytoy iti gangani a kadakdakkel ti [[Tsina]] wenno ti [[Estados Unidos]]. Ti Sahara ket maigay-at manipud iti [[Baybay Nalabbasit]], ken mairaman dagiti paset ti aplaya ti [[Baybay Mediteraneo|Mediteraneo]], aginggana kadagiti kaigidan ti [[Taaw Atlantiko]]. Iti abagatan, daytoy ket naipatinggaan babaen ti [[Sahel]], ti barikes ti [[Tropikal ken subtropikal a karuotan, dagiti tay-ak, ken motorales|namaga bassit a tropikal a sabana]] a buklen ti akin-amianan a rehion ti tengnga ken akinlaud a [[Sub-Sahara nga Aprika]].

Adda dagiti [[karuburuban ti darat]] ket magaw-atna ti {{pagbaliwen|180|m}} iti kangato.&lt;ref&gt;Arthur N. Strahler and Alan H. Strahler. (1987) ''Moderno a Maipapan ti Bagi a Heograpia'' Maikatlo nga Edision. New York: John Wiley &amp; Sons. Page 347&lt;/ref&gt; Ti nagan ket nagtaud manipud iti Arabiko a balikas ti desierto: (صَحراء ''ṣaḥrāʾ'' {{IPA-ar|sˤɑħrɑːʔ||ar-Sahara.ogg}}).&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=Sahara &quot;Sahara.&quot;] ''Online a Diksionario ti Etimolohia.'' Douglas Harper, Historiador. Naala idi Hunio 25, 2007.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://online.ectaco.co.uk/main.jsp?do=e-services-dictionaries-word_translate1&amp;status=translate&amp;lang1=23&amp;lang2=ar&amp;source_id=2119140 |title=Ingles-Arabiko nga online a diksionario |publisher=Online.ectaco.co.uk |date=2006-12-28 |accessdate=2010-06-12 |archive-date=2009-03-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090309105446/http://online.ectaco.co.uk/main.jsp?do=e-services-dictionaries-word_translate1&amp;status=translate&amp;lang1=23&amp;lang2=ar&amp;source_id=2119140 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dagiti pagbeddengan ti Sahara ket ti Taaw Atlantiko iti laud, ti [[Banbantay Atlas]] ken ti Mediteraneo iti amianan, ti [[Baybay Nalabbasit]] iti daya, ken ti [[Sudan (rehion)|Sudan]] ken ti ginget ti [[Karayan Niger]] iti abagatan. Ti Sahara ket nabingbingay iti akinlaud a Sahara, ti sentral a [[Banbantay Ahaggars]], ti [[Banbantay Tibestis]], ti [[Banbantay Aïr]] (ti rehion ti desierto a banbantay ken dagiti nangato a banak), ti desierto [[Ténéré]] ken ti [[Desierto Libya]] (ti kamagaan a rehion). Ti kangatuan a pantok idiay Sahara ket ti [[Emi Koussi]] ({{pagbaliwen|3415|m|ft|disp=x| (|)}}) idiay Banbantay ti Tibesti idiay akin-amianan a [[Chad]].

Ti Sahara ket ti kadakkelan a desierto iti kontinente ti Aprika. Ti akin-abagatan a pagbeddengan ti Sahara ket namarkaan babaen ti banda ti namaga bassit a [[sabana]] a tinawtawagan ti [[Sahel]]; ti abagatan ti Sahel ket mabirukan ti Akin-abagatan a Sudan ken ti [[Labneng Karayan Kongo]]. Kaaduan ti Sahara ket buklen ti nabato a [[hamada]]; dagiti [[erg (porma ti daga)|erg]] (dakkel a luglugar a naabbongan dagiti [[karuburuban]] ti darat) ket mangporma laeng iti bassit a parte.

Dagiti tattao ket agtataengda iti igid ti desierto kadagiti rinibu a napalabas a tawtawen&lt;ref name=&quot;Post-Ice Age Sahara&quot;&gt;[http://discovermagazine.com/2006/oct/sahara-desert-savanna-climate Discover Magazine], 2006-Okt.&lt;/ref&gt; manipud idi naudi a [[panawen ti yelo]]. Ti Sahara ket nabasbasa idi a lugar ngem tatta nga aldaw. Sumurok a 30,000 [[petroglipo]] dagiti ayup ti karayan a kas ti [[buaya]]&lt;ref name=Crocodiles&gt;[http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2002/06/0617_020618_croc.html National Geographic News] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021014163802/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2002/06/0617_020618_croc.html |date=2002-10-14 }}, 17 Hunio 2006.&lt;/ref&gt; ket nagbaiag, a kagudua dagitoy ket nabirukan idiay [[Tassili n'Ajjer]] idiay abagatan a daya ti [[Arhelia]]. Dagiti [[posil]] dagiti [[dinosauro]], a mairaman ti ''[[Afrovenator]]'', ''[[Jobaria]]'' ken ''[[Ouranosaurus]]'', ket nabirukan payen ditoy. Ti moderno Sahara, ket saan a kaaduan ti mulmula, malaksid idiay Ginget ti [[Nilo]], kadagiti bassit nga [[oasis]], ken idiay akin-amianan a kabambantayan, nga idiay dagiti Mediteraneo a mulmula a kas ti kayo ti [[oliba]] ket mabirukan a agtubo idiay. Thi rehion ket kastoyen manipud idi agarup a 1600 BCE, kalpasan dagiti nagbalbaliw iti pakbo ti Daga ket nangipangato kadagiti temperatura ken nangpabasit ti panagtudtudo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Science Daily&quot;&gt;[http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/1999/07/990712080500.htm Sahara's Abrupt Desertification Started by Changes in Earth's Orbit], Accelerated by Atmospheric and Vegetation Feedbacks.&lt;/ref&gt;

Dagiti tattao ti Sahara ket nagdumaduma kadagiti nagtaudan. Kadagitoy ket dagiti [[Tattao a Bereberes|Amaziɣ]] a mairaman dagiti [[Tattao a Tuareg|Turūq]], dagiti nadumaduma a [[Arabisasion|Naarabo]] nga Amaziɣ a grupo kas dagiti agsasao ti [[Hassania nga Arabiko|Hassania]] a [[Tattao a Sahrawi|Sahrawi]], a dagiti populasionda ket mairaman ti tribu ti [[Sanhaya]] a ti naganna ket tidda ti prehistoriko a [[Pagsasao a Zenaga]]. Dagiti dadduma pay a nangruna a tattao ket mairaman dagiti [[Tattao a Toubou|Toubou|]], [[Tattao a Nubiano|Nubiano]], [[Tattao a Zaghawa|Zaghawa]], [[Tattao a Kanuri|Kanuri]], [[Tattao a Hausa|Hausa]], [[Tattao a Songhai|Songhai]], ken [[Tattao a Fula|Fula/Fulani]] ({{lang-fr|Peul}}; {{lang-ff|Fulɓe}}). Dagitinangruna a siudad a mabirukan idiay Sahara ket mairaman ti [[Nouakchott]], ti kapitolio ti [[Mauritania]]; [[Tamanrasset]], [[Ouargla]], [[Béchar]], [[Hassi Messaoud]], [[Ghardaïa]], ken [[El Oued]] idiay Arhelia; [[Timbuktu]] idiay [[Mali]]; [[Agadez]] idiay [[Niger]]; [[Ghat, Libya|Ghat]] idiay [[Libya]]; ken [[Faya-Largeau]] idiay Chad.

Ti Sahara ket kasisigud idi a tinaengan babaen dagiti tattao nga [[Tattao a Bereberes|Amaziɣ]] a ti pananginaganda idi ti rehion ket &quot;Tinariwen&quot;, a kayatna a sawen ket dagiti desierto, ti reperensia iti kinapudno nga isuda ket nangigiddiat iti nagbaetan dagiti nadumaduma  nga [[ekorehion] ti desierto (kas ti [[Erg (porma ti daga)|erg]], [[oasis]], [[Deserts and xeric shrublands|desierto ken namaga a karuotan]] kdpy.)

== Heograpia ==
[[Papeles:Africa satellite orthographic.jpg|thumb|Tiheograpikal a mapa ti Aprika, a mangipakpakita ti ekolohiko a pagsinaan a mangipalawag ti lugar ti Sahara.]]

Ti Sahara ket sakupenna dagiti dakkel a parte ti [[Arhelia]], [[Chad]], [[Ehipto]], [[Libya]], [[Mali]], [[Mauritania]], [[Morocco]], [[Niger]], [[Akinlaud a Sahara]], [[Sudan]] ken [[Tunisia]], ken gumay-at iti sumurok a {{pagbaliwen|9|e6km2|sqmi}} ken sakupenna ti agarup a {{frac|1|4}} iti kontinente ti Aprika. No mairaman amin ti natimbeng a tinawen a panatudtudo ti basbassit ngem 250&amp;nbsp;mm, ti desierto ti Sahara ket sumurokto iti {{pagbaliwen|11|e6km2|sqmi}} iti kalawa. Daytoy ket maysa kadagiti tallo a naisangayan a [[pisiograpiko a probinsia]] iti dakkel a pisiograpiko a pannakabingbingay ti Aprika.

== Dagiti nota ==
{{Reflist}}

== Dagiti nagibasaran ==
* Chris Scott. ''Sahara Overland''. Trailblazer Guides, 2005.
* Michael Brett and Elizabeth Frentess. ''The Berbers''. Blackwell Publishers, 1996.
* Charles-Andre Julien. ''History of North Africa: From the Arab Conquest to 1830''. Praeger, 1970.
* Abdallah Laroui. ''The History of the Maghrib: An Interpretive Essay''. Princeton, 1977.
* Hugh Kennedy. ''Muslim Spain and Portugal: A Political History of al-Andalus''. Longman, 1996.
* Richard W. Bulliet. ''The Camel and the Wheel''. Harvard University Press, 1975. Republished with a new preface Columbia University Press, 1990.
* Eamonn Gearon. ''The Sahara: A Cultural History''. Signal Books, UK, 2011. Oxford University Press, USA, 2011.

== Dagiti akinruar a silpo ==
{{Commonscat-inline|Sahara}}
* [http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/200701/seas.beneath.the.sands.htm Maipanggep ti sirok a rabaw a hidrolohia ti Sahara ken ti naplano a panagusar kadagiti akuipero.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140805112417/http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/200701/seas.beneath.the.sands.htm |date=2014-08-05 }}
* [http://www.kalasnyikov.hu/dokumentumok/besenyo_western_sahara.pdf Akinlaud a Sahara], Publikon Publishers, Pécs, 2009, {{ISBN|978-963-88332-0-4}}

{{Kontrol ti autoridad}}

[[Kategoria:Sahara| ]]
[[Kategoria:Dagiti desierto ti Aprika]]
[[Kategoria:Dagiti pisiograpiko a probinsia]]
[[Kategoria:Heograpia ti Aprika]]
[[Kategoria:Nangruna nga artikulo]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Bantay</title>
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      <text bytes="13414" sha1="qxc3qpapbn4ie087hxrgr8rdp8g780x" xml:space="preserve">[[Papeles:K2, Mount Godwin Austen, Chogori, Savage Mountain.jpg|thumb|300px|Ti [[K2]], [[Pakistan]], Ti maika-2 a kangatuan a pantok iti lubong, kalpasan ti Bantay Everest.]]
[[Papeles:Volcán Chimborazo, &quot;El Taita Chimborazo&quot;.jpg|thumb|300px|Ti [[Chimborazo (bulkan)|Chimborazo]], [[Ecuador]], ti punto a kaadaywan manipud iti tengnga ti Daga.]]
[[Papeles:Matterhorn Riffelsee 2005-06-11.jpg|thumb|right|Ti [[Matterhorn]], [[Suiso nga Alpes]]]]
[[Papeles:View of Doso Doyabi from Wheeler Peak.jpg|thumb|Ti pakaimatangan ti Pantok Jeff Davis manipud iti nakitikitan ti glasier a pantok ti [[Pantok Wheeler Peak (Nevada)|Pantok Wheeler]], [[Nevada]].  Gaputa ti [[Pantok Boundary(Nevada)|Pantok Boundary]], [[Nevada]] ket adda bassit idiay [[California]], ken pudno a subpantok ti [[Pantok Montgomery]], ti ab-ababa a Pantok Wheeler Peak ket maipanunotan a ti katayagan a bantay idiay Nevada.]]
[[Papeles:AntelopeIslandEchoGhosttowns 221.jpg|thumb|right|Ti bantay idiay [[Kondado ti Carbon, Utah]]]]
[[Papeles:Olympus Litochoro.JPG|thumb|right|[[Bantay Olympus (bantay)|Bantay Olympus]] idiay [[Gresia]]]]
&lt;imagemap&gt;
Papeles:Himalaya annotated.jpg|thumb|right|Ti [[kabambantayan]] ti [[Himalaya]] nga adda ti [[Bantay Everest]]
rect 58 14 160 49 [[Chomo Lonzo]]
rect 200 28 335 52 [[Makalu]]
rect 378 24 566 45 [[Bantay Everest]]
rect 188 581 920 656 [[Tibetano a Banak]]
rect 250 406 340 427 [[Karayan Rong]]
rect 333 149 409 186 [[Changtse]]
rect 550 284 677 303 [[Glasier Rongbuk]]
rect 478 196 570 218 [[Bantay Everest|Amianan a Sanguanan]]
rect 237 231 346 267 [[Glasier Daya Rongbuk]]
rect 314 290 536 309 [[Bantay Everest|Amianan a kolado a bakrang a dalan]]
rect 531 79 663 105 [[Lhotse]]
rect 582 112 711 130 [[Nuptse]]
rect 603 232 733 254 [[Abagatan a Kolado a dalan]]
rect 716 165 839 206 [[Gyachung Kang]]
rect 882 147 967 183 [[Cho Oyu]]
rect 1 1 999 661 [[Papeles:Himalaya annotated.jpg|Pinduten dagiti silpo (wenno buton tapno maipadakkel dagiti ladawan)]]
desc bottom-left
&lt;/imagemap&gt;

Ti '''bantay''' ket maysa a dakkel a [[porma ti daga]] a gumay-at ti ngato dagiti naipalawlaw a daga iti maysa a napatingaan a lugar a kadawyan iti porma ti maysa a pantok. Ti bantay ket sapasap a napadpadsok ngem ti maysa a  '''[[turod]]'''. Dagiti [[Panakaporma ti bantay|bantay ket naporma]] babaen dagiti [[tektoniko a plato|tektoniko a puersa]] wenno [[bulkanismo]]. Dagitoy a puersa ket lokal a makaipangato ti rabaw ti daga babaen ti sumurok a {{pagbaliwen|10000|ft|m}}. Dagiti bantay ket in-inutda a manurunor babaen dagiti tignay ti [[karayan]], [[weathering|kondision ti tiempo]], ken dagiti [[glasier]]. Adda dagiti bassit a bantay a naipaadayo kadagiti [[pantok (topograpia)|pantok]], ngem kaaduan ket rumsua kadagiti dakkel a [[kabambantayan]].

Ti katayagan a bantay iti [[Daga (planeta)|Daga]] ket ti [[Bantay Everest]] idiay [[Himalaya]] ti [[Asia]],a ti pantokna ket {{pagbaliwen|8848|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} ti ngato ti [[natimbeng a lesaad ti baybay]]. Ti katayagan nga ammo a bantay iti [[Sistema a Solar]] ket ti [[Olympus Mons]] idiay planeta ti [[Marte]] iti {{pagbaliwen|21171|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}.

== Panangipalawag ==
Awan ti unibersal a panangipalawag iti bantay. Ti kangato, tomo, tallo a dimension a representasion ti langa ti daga, kapadsok, pannakabaet ken panagtultuloy ket nausar a kas kriteria para iti panangipalawag iti bantay.{{sfn|Gerrard|1990}} Iti [[Ingles a Diksionario ti Oxford]] ti bantay ket naipalawag a kas &quot;ti natural kangato ti rabaw ti daga a kellaat a ngumato iti adu wenno bassit manipud iti kaarrubayan a lessaad ken makagun-od iti a maysa nga altitud a, relatibo iti kadenna a kangato, ket nakangayngayed wenno nalatak.&quot;{{sfn|Gerrard|1990}}

No man ti langa ti daga ket matawagan iti bantay ket mabalin nga agdepende iti lokal a panagusar. Ti kangatuan a punto sidiay [[San Francisco, California]], ket tinawtawagan iti [[Bantay Davidson (California)|Bantay Davidson]], uray pay no ti katayagna iti {{pagbaliwen|300|m|abbr=on}}, a mangaramid daytoy a duapulo a kadkadapan a basbassit iti kababa para iti bantay babaen ti kadagiti panangikeddeng ti Amerika. Iti pay maipada, ti [[Banatay Scott (Oklahoma)|Bantay Scott]] iti ruar ti [[Lawton, Oklahoma]] ket {{pagbaliwen|251|m|abbr=on}} manipud iti babana aginggana ti kangatuan a punto. Ti ''Diksionario ti Pisikal a Heograpia'' ti Whittow&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Whittow|first=John|year=1984|title=Dictionary of Physical Geography|url=https://archive.org/details/penguindictionar0000whit_b9d8|location=London|publisher=Penguin|page=[https://archive.org/details/penguindictionar0000whit_b9d8/page/352 352]|isbn=0-14-051094-X}}&lt;/ref&gt; ket nangibagbaga nga ''&quot;Adda dagiti turay a mangikeddeng a ti kalatak iti ngato ti 600&amp;nbsp;m (2,000 ft) a kas banbantay, dagiti adda iti baba ket naibagbaga a kas dagiti turod.&quot;''

Idiay Nagkaykaysa a Pagarian ken idiay Republika ti Irlanda, ti bantay ket kadawyan a naipalawag a kas ti ania man a pantok iti saan a basbassit 2,000 kadkadapan (wenno 610 metmetro) iti katayag,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book| last=Nuttall| first=John &amp; Anne| work=The Mountains of England &amp; Wales|volume=2|title=Inglatera| edition=maika-3| year=2008| publisher=Cicerone| location=Milnthorpe, Cumbria| isbn=1-85284-037-4}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/wales/north_west/7623904.stm|title=Survey turns hill into a mountain|publisher=BBC|accessdate=3 Pebrero 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;G4AW&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.go4awalk.com/uk-mountains-and-hills/a-mountain-is-a-mountain.php|title=A Mountain is a Mountain – isn't it?|publisher=www.go4awalk.com|accessdate=3 Pebrero 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/mountain|title=mountain|work=dictionary.reference.com|accessdate=3 Pebrero 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last=Wilson|first=Peter|year=2001|title=Listing the Irish hills and mountains|journal=Irish Geography|volume=34|issue=1|publisher=University of Ulster|location=Coleraine|page=89|url=http://www.ucd.ie/gsi/pdf/34-1/hills.pdf|format=PDF|doi=10.1080/00750770109555778}}&lt;/ref&gt; bayat a ti opisial a panangipalawag ti bantay ti gobierno ti [[Nagkaykaysa a Pagarian]], para iti panggep ti panagserrek, ket ti pantok ti 600 metmetro wenno nangatngato.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://metricviews.org.uk/2008/09/what-is-a-mountain-mynydd-graig-goch-and-all-that/|title=What is a &quot;Mountain&quot;? Mynydd Graig Goch and all that...|publisher=Metric Views|accessdate=3 Pebrero 2013|archive-date=2013-03-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130330062754/https://metricviews.org.uk/2008/09/what-is-a-mountain-mynydd-graig-goch-and-all-that/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iti pay maipatinayon, adda dagiti panangipalawag a mangiraman ti kammasapulan a [[topograpikal a prominensia]], ken kadawyan ti {{pagbaliwen|100|or|500|ft|m}}.&lt;ref name=prominence&gt;{{cite book|title=The Finest Peaks – Prominence and Other Mountain Measures|first=Adam|last=Helman|publisher=Trafford Publishing|year=2005|isbn=978-1-4120-5995-4}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bayat ti kapautan, ti Estados Unidos ket ipalawagna ti bantay a kas ti {{pagbaliwen|1,000|ft|m}} wenno nataytayag. Ti amia man a maipada a porma ti daga nga ab-ababa ngem iti daytoy a katayag ket maikeddeng a turod. Nupay kasta, ita nga aldaw, ti United States Geological Survey (USGS) ket nangikeddeng a dagitoy a termino ket awanan kadagiti teknikal a panangipalawag idiay Estados Unidos.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://gallery.usgs.gov/audios/127|title=What is the difference between lake and pond; mountain and hill; or river and creek?|publisher=USGS|accessdate=11 Pebrero 2013|archive-date=2013-05-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130509082833/http://gallery.usgs.gov/audios/127|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ti panangipalawag ti Enbironmental a Programa ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian iti &quot;kabambantayan nga enbironmento&quot; ket mangiraman ti ania man kadagiti sumaganad:{{sfn|Blyth|2002|p=74}}
*Kangato ti saan a basbassit ngem {{pagbaliwen|2500|m|ft|abbr=on}};
*Kangato ti saan a basbassit ngem {{pagbaliwen|1500|m|ft|abbr=on}}, nga addaan iti arisadsad ti ad-adu ngem 2 gradgrado;
*Kangato ti saan a basbassit ngem {{pagbaliwen|1000|m|ft|abbr=on}}, nga addaan iti arisadsad ti ad-adu ngem 5 gradgrado;
*Kangato ti saan a basbassit ngem {{pagbaliwen|300|m|ft|abbr=on}}, nga addaan iti {{pagbaliwen|300|m|ft|abbr=on|adj=on}} a sakup ti kangato iti uneg ti {{pagbaliwen|7|km|mi|abbr=on}}.
Ti panagusar kadagitoy a panangipalawag,dagiti bantay ketsakupenda ti 33% iti [[Eurasia]], 19% iti [[Abagatan nga Amerika]], 24% iti [[Amianan nga Amerika]], ken 14% iti [[Aprika]].{{sfn|Blyth|2002|p=14}} Kas sibubukel, 24% iti masa ti daga ti Lubong ket kabambantayan.&lt;ref name=panos&gt;{{cite web|url=http://panos.org.uk/wp-content/files/2011/03/high_stakeshVwvcI.pdf|author=Panos|year=2002|title=High Stakes|accessdate=17 Pebrero 2009|archive-date=2012-06-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120603173156/http://panos.org.uk/wp-content/files/2011/03/high_stakeshVwvcI.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Klima ==
Ti klima kadagiti banatay ket agbalin a nalamlamiis kadagiti nangato nga elebasion, gapu ti waya a panangipapudot ti init iti rabaw ti Daga.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=First Principles of Meteorology and Air Pollution|first=Mihalis|last=Lazaridis|page=70|publisher=Springer|year=2010|isbn=978-9400701618}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ti init ket dagus a papudotenna ti rabaw ti rabaw ti daga, bayat a ti [[epekto ti inbernadero]] ket agtignay a kas ules, ken mangiballatek ti pudot  iti ayan ti Daga a mapukawto koma iti limbang. Ti epekto ti inbernadero ket mangitalinaay a mangpapudot ti angin iti ababa nga elebasion. No ngumatngato ti elebasion, bumassit met ti epekto ti inbernadero, isu nga agpababa ti ambiente a temperatura.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Lutgens|first1=Frederick K.|last2=Tarbuck|first2=Edward J.|title=The Atmosphere: An Introduction to Meteorology|url=https://archive.org/details/atmosphereintrod0000lutg_q2e6|publisher=[[Prentice Hall]]|year=1998|pages=[https://archive.org/details/atmosphereintrod0000lutg_q2e6/page/15 15]–17, 30–35, 38–40|isbn=0-13-742974-6}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ti gatad ti panagpababa ti temperatura iti kangato, a tinawtawagan ti [[enbironmental a gatad ti panaglabas]], ket saan nga agnanayon (daytoy ket mabalin nga agbaliw iti inaldaw wenno babaen ti tiempo ken ti pay rehion), ngem ti kadawyan a gatad ti panaglabas ket 5.5°C tunggal 1,000&amp;nbsp;m (3.57°F tunggal 1,000&amp;nbsp;ft).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070721213720/http://goldbook.iupac.org/A00144.html| archivedate=2007-07-21| url=http://goldbook.iupac.org/A00144.html| title=Adiabatic Lapse Rate| work=Goldbook| publisher=[[IUPAC]]| access-date=2015-01-21| url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Dommasch|first=Daniel O.|title=Airplane Aerodynamics (3rd ed.)|publisher=Pitman Publishing Co.|year=1961|page=22}}&lt;/ref&gt; Isu a, ti ingangato iti 100&amp;nbsp;metmetro iti bantay ket agarup a kapada ti panaggunay iti 80&amp;nbsp;kilkilometro (45&amp;nbsp;milmilia wenno 0.75° iti [[latitud]]) iti ayan ti kaasitgan nga ungto.{{sfn|Blyth|2002|p=15}} Daytoy a pannakaikabagian ket aproksimado laeng, nupay kasta, gapu ta dagiti lokal a banag a kas ti kaasideg kadagiti [[taaw]] (kas ti [[Taaw Artiko]]) ket mabalin a nadaras a mangbaliw ti klima.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
  | url=http://www.ecn.ac.uk/Education/factors_affecting_climate.htm
  | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716163841/http://www.ecn.ac.uk/Education/factors_affecting_climate.htm
  | archivedate=2011-07-16
  | title=Factors affecting climate
  | publisher=The United Kingdom Environmental Change Network
  | access-date=2015-01-21
  | url-status=dead
  }}&lt;/ref&gt; No ngumatngato ti altitud, ti nangruna a porma ti panagtudtudo ket agbalin a [[niebe]] ken pumigsa met dagiti angin.{{sfn|Blyth|2002|p=12}}

Ti epekto ti klima iti ekolohia iti maysa a kanagto ket mabalin a kaaduan a maala babaen ti kombinasion ti kaadu ti panagtudtudo, ken ti [[Dagiti sona ti biag ti Holdridge|biotemperatura]],a kas inpalawag babaen ni [[Leslie Holdridge]] idi 1947.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|url=http://www.epa.gov/wed/pages/publications/abstracts/archived/lugo.htm|last1=Lugo|first1=Ariel E.|first2=Sandra L.|last2=Brown|first3=Rusty|last3=Dodson|first4=Tom S.|last4=Smith|first5=Hank H.|last5=Shugart|year=1999|title=The Holdridge Life Zones of the conterminous United States in relation to ecosystem mapping|journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=26|pages=1025–1038|doi=10.1046/j.1365-2699.1999.00329.x|issue=5|access-date=2015-01-21|archive-date=2013-04-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130428164559/http://www.epa.gov/wed/pages/publications/abstracts/archived/lugo.htm|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ti biotemperatura ket ti natimbeng a temperatura, nga amin a temperatura iti baba ti {{pagbaliwen|0|C|F}} ket naikedengda a 0 °C. No ti temperatura ket ti baba ti 0 °C, dagiti mula ket saanda nga agtubo, isu a ti eksakto a temperatura ken saan nga importante. Dagiti pantok ti banbantay nga addaan iti permanente a niebe ket mabalin nga addaan iti biotemperatura iti baba ti {{pagbaliwen|1.5|C|F}}.

== Dagiti nagibasaran ==
{{Reflist}}

== Adu pay a mabasbasa ==
{{Wikiquote-inline|Mountains|Banbanatay}}
{{Commons-nailinia}}
* Fraknoi, A., Morrison, D., &amp; Wolff, S. (2004). Panagbanbaniaga kadagiti Planeta. Maika-3 nga Ed. Belmont: Thomson Books/Cole.

{{Kontrol ti autoridad}}

[[Kategoria:Banbantay| ]]
[[Kategoria:Terminolohia ti heograpia]]
[[Kategoria:Nangruna nga artikulo]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Nalatak a Dandanaw</title>
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      <text bytes="5528" sha1="9627u63mlap12buqrosl3j7vv8s1hyj" xml:space="preserve">[[Papeles:Great Lakes from space crop labeled.jpg|thumb|375px|Ti manmano a makitkita nga awan ti ulepna a satelite a panakaimatangan ti intero a [[rehion ti Nalatak a Dandanaw]], Abril 24, 2000, a nainaynayon dagiti nagan ti danaw]]
[[Papeles:Great-Lakes-Basin.svg|thumb|375px|Ti mapa a mangipakpakita ti Nalatak a Dandanaw ken dagiti bukodda a [[Labneng a pagayusan|pagayusan ti danum]], nga adda dagiti pagbeddengan ti Estado, Probinsia ken Sangalubongan.]]

Ti '''Nalatak a Dandanaw''', sagpaminsan a naipalpalawag a kas ti '''Laurentiano a Nalatak a Dandanaw''', ket umnong dagiti [[danaw]] ti [[nasadiwa a danum]] a mabirukan idiay amianan a daya ti [[Amianan nga Amerika]], idiay [[pagbeddengan ti Kanada–Estados Unidos]], a maikapet idiay [[Taaw Atlantiko]] babaen ti [[Saint Lawrence Seaway|San Lorenzo a Dalan ti Baybay]] ken ti [[Great Lakes Waterway|Dalan a Danum ti Nalatak a Dandanaw]]. Daytoy ket buklen dagiti Danaw ti [[Danaw Superior|Superior]], [[Danaw Michigan|Michigan]], [[Danaw Huron|Huron]], [[Danaw Erie|Erie]], ken [[Danaw Ontario|Ontario]], dagitoy ket mangporma ti kadakkelan a grupo ti danaw ti nasadiwa a danum iti lubong,nga aglaon ti 21% ti rabaw ti nasadiawa a danum iti lubong.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.epa.gov/glnpo/basicinfo.html |title=Great Lakes&amp;nbsp;– U.S. EPA |publisher=Epa.gov |date=2006-06-28 |accessdate=2011-02-19 |archive-date=2012-12-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121201211425/http://www.epa.gov/glnpo/basicinfo.html |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://biology.usgs.gov/luhna/chap6.html |title=LUHNA Kapitulo 6: Naipakasaritaan a Abbong ti daga a Panagbalbaliw idiay Rehion ti Nalatak a Dandanaw |publisher=Biology.usgs.gov |date=2003-11-20 |accessdate=2011-02-19 |archive-date=2012-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111122929/http://biology.usgs.gov/luhna/chap6.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|first=Fereidoun|last=Ghassemi| year=2007|title=Inter-basin water transfer|url=https://archive.org/details/interbasinwatert0000ghas| publisher=Cambridge, Unibersidad ti Cambridge a Pagmalditan|isbn=0-521-86969-2 }}&lt;/ref&gt;  Ti dagup ti rabaw ket {{pagbaliwen|94250|sqmi|0}}, ken ti dagup ti tomo a (narukod ti ababa a petsa ti danum) ket {{pagbaliwen|5439|cumi|0|lk=on}}.&lt;ref name=&quot;EPAphysical&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.epa.gov/glnpo/physfacts.html |title=Nalatak a Dandanaw: Kangrunaan a Pakaammo: Dagiti maipapan ti Bagi a Kinapudno |accessdate=Nobiembre 9, 2011 |date=Mayo 25, 2011 |publisher=Ahensia ti Panagsalaknib ti Enbironmento ti Estados Unidos (EPA) |archive-date=2012-05-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120529233616/http://www.epa.gov/glnpo/physfacts.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Dagiti danaw ket sagpaminsada pay a tinawtawagan a kas ti Amianan nga Aplaya wenno &quot;Maikatlo nga Aplaya&quot; babaen dagiti umili ti Estados Unidos.

Dagiti danaw ket ket nangruna a taudan ti panagtagtagilako babaen ti daytoy a lugar, ken dagitoy ket pagtaengan dagiti adu a bilang ti akuatiko a sebbanganan. Adu kadagiti makadadael a sebbangan ti maipayammo gapu ti panagtagtagilako iti daytoy a lugar, ken adda dagiti makadangran ti biodebersidad ti daytoy a lugar.

== Dagiti nagibasaran ==
;Paammo
{{Reflist}}

;Adu pay a mabasbasa
{{refbegin}}
* {{Cite book |last =Grady |first =Wayne |last2 =Littel |first2 =Bruce M. |last3 =Damstra |first3 =Emily S. |year =2007 |title =Ti Nalatak a Dandanaw: ti masna a pakasaritaan ti agbalbaliw a rehion |url =http://books.google.ca/books?id=bnvZ1XrRTGIC&amp;lpg=PP1&amp;dq=Great%20Lakes&amp;pg=PP1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=true |publisher =Pundasion ti David Suzuki. |isbn =978-1-55365-197-0}}
* Anin,  Peter. (2006) ''[http://books.google.ca/books?id=VzMeZHaLP_gC&amp;lpg=PP1&amp;dq=inauthor%3A%22Peter%20Annin%22&amp;pg=PP1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=true Dagiti Gubat ti danum ti Nalatak a Dandanaw]'' Island Press {{ISBN|1-55963-087-6}}
*Beltran, R. et al. ''[http://www.epa.gov/glnpo/atlas/glat-ch2.html Ti Nalatak a Dandanaw: Ti Enbironmental nga Atlas ken Libro a Rekurso] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130202002550/http://www.epa.gov/glnpo/atlas/glat-ch2.html |date=2013-02-02 }}''.  (Ahensia ti Panagsalaknib ti Enbironmento ti Estados Unidos ken Gobierno ti Kanada, 1995, {{ISBN|0-662-23441-3}}).
*Coon, W.F. ken R.A. Sheets. ''[http://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5180/ Karkulo ti Danum ti Uneg ti Daga aNaipenpen idiay Labneng ti Nalatak a Dandanaw]'' [Reporta ti Sientipiko a Panagsuksukimat 2006-5180]. Departamento ti Kaunegan, Heolohiko a Pangsuksukimat E.U., 2006.
{{refend}}
*{{cite book|last=Tanner|first=Helen Hornbeck|title=Atlas ti Nalatak a Dandanaw Indiano aPakasaritaan|year=1987|publisher=Unibersidad ti Oklahoma a Pagmalditan|isbn=978-0-8061-2056-0}}

== Dagiti akinruar a silpo ==
{{Commonscat-inline|Great Lakes|Nalatak a Dandanaw}}
*Opisial – website ti [[Enbironmeno ti Kanada]]: [http://www.ec.gc.ca/grandslacs-greatlakes/default.asp?lang=En&amp;n=70283230-1 Nalatak a Dandanaw]
*E.U. Dept. ti Komersio – NOAA – [http://www.glerl.noaa.gov/ Laboratorio ti Enbironmental a Panagsuksukimat ti Nalatak a Dandanaw]
*Opisial – [[Ahensia ti Panagsalaknib ti Enbironmento ti Estados Unidos]] sapot a pagsaadan: [https://web.archive.org/web/20150826032930/http://www.epa.gov/glnpo/ Nalatak a Dandanaw]

{{Coord|45|45|N|84|0|W|region:US_type:waterbody|display=title}}
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[[Kategoria:Nalatak a Dandanaw| ]]
[[Kategoria:Rehion ti Nalatak a Dandanaw (Estados Unidos)]]
[[Kategoria:Akindaya a Kanada]]
[[Kategoria:Dagiti grupo ti danaw]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Partido politiko</title>
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      <text bytes="3010" sha1="2hfztbcb4d3unr7mmofbf2lufi2ipiy" xml:space="preserve">Ti '''partido politiko''' (manipud ti {{lang-la|pars}}, [[Henitibo]] ''partis'', &quot;paset&quot;, &quot;pisi&quot;) ket maysa a [[politiko nga organisasion]] a sapasap a agsuksukisok a makaimpluensia ti annuroten ti gobierno, a kadawyan babaen ti panaginominado kadagiti kandidato nga adda dagiti nailinia a panirigan ti politiko ken ti panagngipadpadas a panagitugaw kaniada iti politiko nga opisina.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Mc Donald|first=Neil|title=Ti Panagadal ti Partido Politiko|year=1963|location=New York}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dagitipartido ket makibinglayda kadagiti [[panagbutbutos|elektoral a kampania]] ken ti edukasional a panagawat wenno dagiti protesta a tignay . Dagiti partido ket kankanayonda a mangipakpatakder ti naiyebkas nga [[ideolohia]] wenno panagkita a naipapigsa baaen ti naisurat a [[Pagibatayan ti partido|pagibatayan]] nga adda dagiti naisangsangayan a gangandat, nga agporporma ti [[koalision]] kadgiti agduduma nga interesado.

{{pungol-nangruna}}

==Dagiti nagibasaran==
{{Reflist}}

== Bibliograpia ==
* Abizadeh, Arash, 2005. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170202033402/http://www.profs-polisci.mcgill.ca/abizadeh/Bahai-elections.htm MCgill.ca], &quot;Demokratiko a Panagbutbutos nga awan dagiti Kampania? Dagiti Normatibo a Pundasion ti Nailian al Baha'i a Panagbutbutos.&quot; ''Urnos ti Lubong'' Tom. 37, Blng. 1, pp.&amp;nbsp;7–49.
* Duverger, Maurice. 1954. ''Dagiti Partido Politiko''. Londres: Methuen.
* Gunther, Richard ken Larry Diamond. 2003. &quot;Sebbangan dagiti Partido Politiko: Ti Baro a Tipolohia,&quot; ''Partido Politika'', Tom. 9, Blng. 2, pp.&amp;nbsp;167–199.
* McDonnell, Duncan kenJames Newell. 2011. 'Dagiti Akinruar a Partido', Nangruna nga edision ti ''Partido Politika'', Tom. 17, Blng. 4.
* Neumann, Sigmund (ed.). 1956. ''Dagiti Moderno a Partido Politiko''. IL: Unibersidad ti Chicago a Pagmalditan.
* Redding, Robert. 2004. ''Naupaan a Kinagura''. RCI.
* Smith, Steven S.  2007. ''Partido nga Impluensia iti Kongreso.''  Unibersidad ti Cambridge a Pagmalditan.
* Sutherland, Keith. 2004. ''The Party's Over''. Imprint Academic. {{ISBN|0-907845-51-7}}
* Ware, Alan. 1987. ''Dagiti umili, Dagiti Partido ken Estado: Ti panagrepaso manen.'' Unibersidad ti Princeton a Pagmalditan.
* Ware, Alan. ''Dagiti Partido Politiko ken dagiti Partido a Sistema''. Oxford: Unibersidad ti Oxford a Pagmalditan, 1996. {{ISBN|0-19-878076-1}}

== Dagiti akinruar a silpo ==
* [http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/platforms.php Dagiti pangibatayan a Partido ti Estados Unidos manipud idi 1840-2004 idiay Ti Amerikano a Presidensia: UC Santa Barbara]
* [http://www.politicalresources.net/ Dagiti politikal a rekurso iti net] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090215235558/http://www.politicalresources.net/ |date=2009-02-15 }}
* [http://www.liberalsvsconservatives.com Dagiti Liberal kontra Dagiti konserbatibo] Awan partido a komunidad a dagiti dua a bangir ket mabalinda a sumrek a makisinnupiat iti debate.

{{DEFAULTSORT:Partido politiko}}
[[Kategoria:Dagiti panagbutos]]
[[Kategoria:Dagiti partido politiko]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Papa Francisco</title>
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      <text bytes="7192" sha1="9bb1lplzy34q074o2nfokdcrchjpqbd" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Kristiano a daulo
| type = Papa
| name = Papa Francisco 
| honorific-suffix =
| title = 
| image =EU @ G7 Summit 2024 - Family photo (06) (cropped).jpg
| image_size = 
| alt = 
| church = 
| archdiocese = 
| province = 
| metropolis = 
| diocese = 
| see = 
| elected = 
| appointed = 
| term = 
| term_start = 13 Marso 2013
| quashed = 
| term_end = 
| predecessor = [[Papa Benedicto XVI|Benedicto XVI]]
| opposed = 
| successor = 
| other_post = {{unbulleted list|}}
| ordination = 13 Disiembre 1969
| ordained_by = [[Ramón José Castellano]]
| consecration = 27 Hunio 1992
| consecrated_by = [[Antonio Quarracino]]
| cardinal = 21 Pebrero 2001
| rank = 
| birth_name = Jorge Mario Bergoglio
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1936|12|17|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Buenos Aires]], [[Arhentina]]
| death_date = 
| death_place = 
| buried = 
| nationality = [[Arhentina|Arhentino]] &lt;br&gt; (ken [[Siudad ti Batikano|Batikano]])
| religion = [[Katoliko a Simbaan|Romano Katoliko]]
| residence = [[Siudad ti Batikano]]
| parents = 
| spouse = 
| children = 
| occupation = 
| profession = 
| previous_post =  [[Arsobispo ti Romano Katoliko ti Buenos Aires|Katakunaynay nga Arsobispo ti Buenos Aires]] {{small|(1992–1997)}}&lt;br&gt;Titular nga Obispo ti [[Auca (titular a mitra)|Auca]] {{small|(1992–1997)}}&lt;br&gt;[[Romano Katoliko nga Arkdiosis ti Buenos Aires|Arsobispo ti Buenos Aires]] {{small|(1998–2013)}}&lt;br&gt;Kardinal-Padi ti [[San Roberto Bellarmino (simbaan)|San Roberto Bellarmino]] {{small|(2001–2013)}}&lt;br&gt;[[Ordinariato pra iti amatmati ti dumaya a rito|Ordinario ti Ordinariato para iti Namatmati kadagiti Dumaya a Rito idiay Arhentina]] {{small|(1998–2013)}}
| alma_mater = 
| motto = ''Miserando atque eligendo''&lt;br&gt;(&quot;Adda iti kaasi ken panagpilpili&quot;)&lt;ref&gt;Ti insasao ket naala manipud ti drawn from a homilia iti [[Bede]]: &quot;Vidit ergo Iesus publicanum, et quia miserando atque eligendo vidit, ait illi, Sequere me.&quot; &quot;Ni Hesus ket kimmita iti publikano, ken gapu a kimmita iti kaasi ken panagpili, ket kinunkunana, 'Surotendak.'&quot; [http://www.cantualeantonianum.com/2013/03/miserando-atque-eligendo-il-motto-di.html#ixzz2NSp7v8ax|Testo preso da: Miserando atque eligendo: il motto di Papa Francesco].&lt;/ref&gt;
| signature = 
| signature_alt = 
| coat_of_arms = Coat of arms of Franciscus.svg
| coat_of_arms_alt = 
| feast_day = 
| venerated = 
| saint_title = 
| beatified_date = 
| beatified_place = 
| beatified_by = 
| canonized_date = 
| canonized_place = 
| canonized_by = 
| attributes = 
| patronage = 
| shrine = 
| suppressed_date = 
| other = 
}}

Ni '''Papa Francisco''' ({{lang-la|Franciscus}} {{IPA-la|franˈtʃiskus|}}; naipasngay a kas ni '''Jorge Mario Bergoglio'''{{efn|Pannakabalikas: {{IPA-es|ˈxorxe ˈmaɾjo βerˈɣoɣljo|}} (Espaniol), {{IPA-it|berˈgɔʎʎo|}} (Italiano)}}; {{Kabibiag|NAILINIA3|dmy}}) ket isu ti [[Listaan dagiti Papa|maika-266]] ken ti agdama a [[papa]] ti [[Katoliko a Simbaan]], isu ket nabutosan babaen ti [[Konklobe ti Papa, 2013|Konklabe ti papa]] idi 13 Marso 2013.

Isu ket patubo ti [[Buenos Aires]], Arhentina, ken naikeddeng a kas maysa a padi idi 1969. Idi 1998 isu ket nagbalin nga [[Romano Katoliko Arkdiosis tif Buenos Aires|Arsobispo ti Buenos Aires]], ken idi 2001 a kas maysa a [[Kardinal (Katolisismo)|kardinal]]. Isuna ket nabutosan a kas ti papa kalpasan ti panagikkat ti sinarunona a ni [[Papa Benedicto XVI]] idi 28 Pebrero 2013. Ni Bergoglio ket pinilina ti nagan a ''Francisco'' (ti immuna a papa a nangala ti daytoy a nagan) a kas pammadayaw kenni San [[Francisco ti Asisi]]. Isuna ti immuna a [[Kagimongan ni Hesus|Hesuita]] a papa ken ti immuna a papa manipud ti [[Kaamerikaan]]. Isu pay ti immuna a papa manipud ti ruar ti [[Europa]] manipud kenni [[Papa Gregorio III|Gregorio III]] idi maika-8 a siglo.

==Nasapa a biag==
Ni Jorge Mario Bergoglio&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.vatican.va/news_services/press/documentazione/documents/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_bergoglio_jm_en.html |title=Dagiti biograpiko a nota ti Kolehio dagiti Kardinal |publisher=Vatican.va |date= |accessdate=2013-03-14}}&lt;/ref&gt; ket naipasngay idi idiay [[Buenos Aires]], isuna ket maysa kadagiti lima nga annak dagiti [[Italiano nga Arhentino|Italiano nga imigrante]] iti [[Piedmontes]] a taudan, ni Mario José Bergoglio, ket nagtabtrabaho iti perrokarril, ken ti asawana a ni Regina María Sivori, ket maysa nga agtagibalay.&lt;ref name=&quot;guardian&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last=Rice-Oxley|first=Mark|title=Papa Francisco: ti naemma a pontipikado nga adad ti maaramat nga arngian iti kinapanglaw|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2013/mar/13/jorge-mario-bergoglio-pope-poverty|accessdate=13 Marso 2013|newspaper=The Guardian (UK)|date=13 Marso 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-03-13/argentina-s-cardinal-jorge-bergoglio-is-elected-pope-francis-i.html|title=Ni Kardinal Bergoglio ti Arhentina ken Nabutosan a Papa Francisco|publisher=Bloomberg|date=13 Marso 2013|accessdate=13 Marso 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/religion/the-pope/9928921/Pope-Francis-elected-leader-of-Catholic-Church-live.html|title=Ni Papa Francisco ket nabutosan a daulo ti katoliko a Simbaan: latest|author=Barney Henderson|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|date=14 Marso 2013|accessdate=14 Marso 2013|archive-date=2013-08-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130814225620/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/religion/the-pope/9928921/Pope-Francis-elected-leader-of-Catholic-Church-live.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kas maysa nga agtutubo, ni Bergoglio ket naikkat idi ti maysa barana a kas nagbanagan ti pannakaalisna.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | title = Baro a Papa, Francisco, Naamammuan a Kas Naemma a Tao nga adda ti pangtengngaan ti isip iti Sosial a Pannakitignay | date = 13 Marso 2013 | publisher = CBS Local Media | url = http://newyork.cbslocal.com/2013/03/13/cardinal-jorge-bergoglio-of-argentina-voted-new-pope-of-the-catholic-church/ | work = CBS New York | accessdate = 2013-03-13}}&lt;/ref&gt; Isu ket nagturpos manipud ti maysa a teknikal a sekondaria nga eskuela a kas maysa a tekniko ti kimiko ken kalpasanna, iti tawen ti 21, nangikeddeng a kayatna ti agbalin a padi.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1562738-bergoglio-un-sacerdote-jesuita-de-carrera La Nación newspaper: Ni Jorge Bergoglio, ti napaut ti karrerna a Hesuita apadi, 13 Marso 2013] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181216141857/https://www.lanacion.com.ar/1562738-bergoglio-un-sacerdote-jesuita-de-carrera |date=2018-12-16 }} {{iti sao|es}} Ti artikulo ket mangited kadagiti salaysay: isu ket nagturpos manipud ti industrial a sekondaria nga eskula ti E.N.E.T Nº 27 &quot;Hipólito Yrigoyen&quot; nga adda iti kabaelan a kas maysa a tekniko ti kimiko, ken kalpasanna ket nangrugrugi ti relihioso a panagad-adalna idi nagtawen ti 21, idi nangikeddengen nga isu ket agpalin a maysa a padi.&lt;/ref&gt;

==Dagiti nota==
{{Notelist}}

==Dagiti nagibasaran==
{{Reflist}}

== Dagiti akinruar a silpo ==
* {{Commons category-inline|Franciscus|Francisco}}
*[http://www.vatican.va/ Batikano: ti Santa Sede]&amp;nbsp;– Website ti Batikano 

{{Dagiti Papa}}
{{Kontrol ti autoridad}}

{{Kabibiag|KATEGORIA|Francisco}}
[[Kategoria:Dagiti Papa]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Selula (biolohia)</title>
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      <text bytes="2138" sha1="l3vrhkk43t4398lj1ddj37puw73jxr4" xml:space="preserve">Ti '''selula''' ket isu ti estruktural a pagibatayan, pangaramid ken ti biolohiko a paset kadagiti amina a naamammuan a sibibiag nga [[organismo]]. Daytoy ti kabassitan a paset ti biag a naidasig a kas maysa a sibibiag a banag (malaksid ti [[birus]], nga aglaon laeng iti DNA/RNA a nabbongan kadagiti [[protina]] ken dagiti [[lipido]]), ken kadawyan a nakunkuna a ti panagaramid iti biag.

Daytoy ket buklen ti maysa a [[protoplasma]] a nakulongan iti kaunegan ti maysa a kulapot, nga aglaon kadagiti biomolekula a kas dagiti [[protina]] ken [[nukleiko nga asido]].  &lt;ref name=&quot;Alberts2002&quot;&gt;[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Search&amp;db=books&amp;doptcmdl=GenBookHL&amp;term=Cell+Movements+and+the+Shaping+of+the+Vertebrate+Body+AND+mboc4%5Bbook%5D+AND+374635%5Buid%5D&amp;rid=mboc4.section.3919 Dagiti Panagkuti dagiti Selula ken ti Panagsukog iti Bertebrado a Bagi] iti Kapitulo 21 ti ''[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Search&amp;db=books&amp;doptcmdl=GenBookHL&amp;term=cell+biology+AND+mboc4%5Bbook%5D+AND+373693%5Buid%5D&amp;rid=mboc4 Molekular a Biolohia iti Selula] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140107042548/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books?cmd=Search&amp;doptcmdl=GenBookHL&amp;term=cell%20biology%20AND%20mboc4%5Bbook%5D%20AND%20373693%5Buid%5D&amp;rid=mboc4 |date=2014-01-07 }}'' maikapat nga edision, inurnos babaen ni Bruce Alberts (2002) inpablaak babaen ti Garland Science.&lt;br /&gt; Dagiti testo ti Alberts ket mangibagbaga no kasano ti panagkuti ti &quot;selular a panagaramid&quot; iti panagrang-ay dagiti [[embryo|para]]. Daytoy ket sapasap pay a naipalplawag dagiti bassit a molekula a kas dagiti [[amino nga asido]] a kas &quot;[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Search&amp;db=books&amp;doptcmdl=GenBookHL&amp;term=%22all+cells%22+AND+mboc4%5Bbook%5D+AND+372023%5Buid%5D&amp;rid=mboc4.section.4#23 molekular a panagaramid]&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; Dagiti organismo ket mabalinda a maidasig a kas [[uniselular]] (aglaon ti maymaysa a selula; a kaaduan a mairaman ti [[bakteria]]) wenno [[multiselur]] (a mairaman dagiti [[mula]] ken dagiti [[ayup]]). 

==Dagiti nagibasaran==
{{Reflist}}
{{pungol-nangruna}} 

[[Kategoria:Biolohia ti selula]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Penned ti Tallo a Baw-ang</title>
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      <text bytes="4011" sha1="1yjd33ocqrlwa3uypv3oijq21wjvt89" xml:space="preserve">[[Papeles:ThreeGorgesDam-China2009.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Ti Penned ti Tallo a Baw-ang idi Septiembre 2009.]]

Ti '''Penned ti Tallo a Baw-ang''' ket maysa a [[hidroelektrisidad|hidroelektriko]] a penned a sangadpaanna ti [[Karayan Yangtze]] babaen ti ili ti [[Sandouping]], a mabirukan idiay [[Distrito ti Yiling]], [[Yichang]], ti probinsia ti [[Hubei]], Tsina. Ti Penned ti Tallo a Baw-ang ket isu tikadakkelan a [[estasion ti elektrisidad]] iti termino iti [[naikabil a kapasidad]] (22,500&amp;nbsp;[[megawatt|MW]]). Idi 2012, ti kaadu ti elektrisidad a pinartuat ti penned ket kapadpadana idi ti kaadu a pinartuat babaen ti [[Penned Itaipu]]. &lt;ref name=&quot;autogenerated4&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.gov.cn/gzdt/2013-01/14/content_2311905.htm|title=2012年三峡工程建设与运行管理成效十分显著|access-date=2013-07-25|archive-date=2013-01-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120060226/http://www.gov.cn/gzdt/2013-01/14/content_2311905.htm|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Malaksid para iti [[pagawitan ti bangka|pagawitan ti bapor]], ti gandat ti pened ket nakompleto ken napno nga agtartaray manipud idi Hulio&amp;nbsp;4, 2012,&lt;ref name=&quot;autogenerated5&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.ctg.com.cn/xwzx/news.php?mnewsid=60653 |title=三峡工程最后一台机组结束72小时试运行 |publisher=ctg.com.cn |accessdate=2012-06-23 |access-date=2013-07-25 |archive-date=2013-05-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130512233812/http://www.ctg.com.cn/xwzx/news.php?mnewsid=60653 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Sirok ti daga nga estasion ti elektrisidad ti Tallo a Baw-ang ken ti mekanikal nga aruaten ket naipasa iti produksion|url=http://www.ctg.com.cn/xwzx/news.php?mnewsid=62169|publisher=Korporasion ti Tallo a Baw-ang ti Tsina|accessdate=8 Hulio 2012|language=Insik|access-date=2013-07-25|archive-date=2013-04-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130405105848/http://www.ctg.com.cn/xwzx/news.php?mnewsid=62169|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; idi dagiti naudi a nangruna a [[Elektrikal a generator|turbina]] iti sirok ti daga nga estasion ket nangrugi iti panagpataud. Ti tunggal maysa a turbina ket adda ti kapasidad iti 700&amp;nbsp;MW.&lt;!--&lt;ref name=iet2009/&gt;--&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ctgpc1&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.ctgpc.com.cn/sx/news.php?mNewsId=30559 |title=三峡工程左右岸电站26台机组全部投入商业运行 |language=Insik |publisher=Gandat a Korporasion ti Tallo a Baw-ang ti Tsina |date=2008-10-30 |accessdate=2008-12-06 |archive-date=2009-02-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090209230355/http://www.ctgpc.com.cn/sx/news.php?mNewsId=30559 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ti bagi ti penned ket nalpas idi 2006.  Ti panangikapet kadagiti 32 a turbina ti penned kadagiti dua a basbassit a  generator (50&amp;nbsp;MW iti tunggal maysa) tapno mabileganna laeng ti estasion, ti dagup kapasidad ti mapataud nga elektrisidad tipenned ket 22,500&amp;nbsp;MW.&lt;!--&lt;ref name=iet2009/&gt;--&gt;&lt;ref name=Xinhua20081007&gt;{{cite news| url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-10/07/content_10162045.htm| title=:: Ti dakkel a pagurnongan ti danum ti Tallo a Baw-ang ket inpangatoda ti danum iti tarheta nga agpanghl| publisher=Xinhua| date=2008-10-07| accessdate=2010-11-23| quote=| archive-date=2010-01-10| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100110232324/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-10/07/content_10162045.htm| url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=inventspot&gt;{{cite web|title=nangrugin ti Panagsubok ti Kinaudi a Turbina ti Penned ti Tallo a Baw-ang ti Tsina|url=http://inventorspot.com/articles/final_turbine_chinas_three_gorges_dam_begins_testing|publisher=Inventor Spot|accessdate=2011-05-15|archive-date=2011-05-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110504133535/http://inventorspot.com/articles/final_turbine_chinas_three_gorges_dam_begins_testing|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Dagiti nagibasaran==
{{Reflist}}

== Dagiti akinruar a silpo ==
{{Commonscat-inline|Three Gorges Dam|Penned ti Tallo a Baw-ang}}
{{pungol-nangruna}}

[[Kategoria:Dagiti penned idiay Tsina]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Elmer Drew Merrill</title>
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      <text bytes="2788" sha1="50pfei32wjws684rgh9k729xmc7k2wa" xml:space="preserve">{{infobox tao
|name=Elmer Drew Merrill
|birth_date={{Petsa ti pannakaipasngay|1876|10|15}}&lt;!-- Oktubre 15, 1876--&gt;
|birth_place=[[Auburn, Maine]]
|death_date={{Petsa ti ipupusay ken tawen|1956|02|25|1876|10|15}}&lt;!--Pebrero 25, 1956--&gt;
|death_place=[[Forest Hills, Massachusetts]]
|known_for=panagadal iti flora iti rehion ti Asia-Pasipiko
|image=Elmer Drew Merrill.jpg
|caption= Ni Elmer Drew Merrill
}}

Ni '''Elmer Drew Merrill''' (Oktubre 15, 1876 – Pebrero 25, 1956) ket maysa idi nga [[Estados Unidos|Amerikano]] a [[botanika|botaniko]], nga espesialista iti mulmula ti rehion ti Asia-Pasipiko.

Isu ket naipasngay idi diay [[East Auburn]], [[Maine]], ken nagbasa idiay [[Unibersidad ti Maine]] nga idiay ti nakagun-odanna ti [[Bachelor of Science|B.S.]] idi 1898. Isu ket kanungpalan a timmipon ti [[Departamento ti Agrikultura ti Estados Unidos]] (USDA) ken nagserbi a kas maysa a botaniko ti USDA idiay [[Filipinas]] manipud idi 1902 aginggana idi 1923.

Isu ket nagsubli idiay Estados Unidos ken nagbalin a Dekano ti Kolehio ti Agrikultura ti [[Unibersidad ti California, Berkeley]].  Isu ket immalis idi 1929 idiay New York tapno agbalin a propesor ti botaniko iti [[Unibersidad ti Columbia]]. Isu pay idi ti Direktor ti [[Botanikal a Hardin ti New York]] manipud idi 1929 aginggana idi 1935. Isu ket nagbalin a direktor ti [[Arnold Arboretum]] ti [[Unibersidad ti Harvard]] idi 1935 ken nagtalinaay idiay aginggana idi nagretiro idi 1946.

Isu ket ammo para iti adu a panagadalna iti [[Taksonomia (biolohia)|taksonomia]] ti mulmula manipud idiay [[Asia]]. Mairaman dagiti sinursuratna ti  ''Flora iti [[Manila]]'' a naipablaak idi 1912, ken ''Ti Enumerasion ti Agsabsabong a Mulmula ti Filipinas '' a naipablak kadagiti paset idi baetan ti 1922 aginggana idi 1926. Ti kaudian nga obrana ''Ti Botaniko dagiti Panagbanniaga ni [[James Cook|Cook]]'' ket naipablaak idi 1954.

Isu ket pimmusay idiay [[Forest Hills, Massachusetts]].

{{botaniko|Merr.|Merrill, Elmer Drew}}

== Dagiti nagibasaran ==
{{Reflist}}
* [http://oasis.harvard.edu:10080/oasis/deliver/~ajp00017 Elmer Drew Merrill, 1876–1956] Biblioteka ti Unibersidad ti Harvard
* [http://www.wku.edu/~smithch/chronob/MERR1876.htm Elmer Drew Merrill] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080929005700/http://www.wku.edu/~smithch/chronob/MERR1876.htm |date=2008-09-29 }}

== Dagiti akinruar a silpo ==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20131023061300/http://www.nasonline.org/publications/biographical-memoirs/memoir-pdfs/merrill-elmer-d.pdf Biograpiko a Panangilagip ti Nailian nga Akademia dagiti Siensia]

{{Kontrol ti autoridad}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Merrill, Elmer Drew}}
[[Kategoria:Dagiti botaniko nga addaan kadagiti pangyababaan ti mannurat]]
[[Kategoria:1876 a pannakaipasngay]]
[[Kategoria:1956 nga ipupusay]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Dam-eg</title>
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      <text bytes="7828" sha1="dj4280id5xpnrdtzyp57n0sapua9b4k" xml:space="preserve">[[Papeles:Cloud forest mount kinabalu.jpg|thumb|right|Dagiti tropikal a kabakiran ket masansanda  nga addaan iti nangato a kadam-eg.]]

Ti '''dam-eg'''  ket isu ti kaadu ti [[alibungubong ti danum]] iti [[angin]]. Ti alibungubong ti danum ket isu ti alingasaw a kasasaad ti danum ken saan a makita.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Ania kadit ti alibungubong ti danum?|url=http://www.weatherquestions.com/What_is_water_vapor.htm|accessdate=2012-08-28}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ti dam-eg ket mangipakita ti pannakalabit ti [[presipitasion (meteorolohia)|presipitasion]], [[linnaaw]], wenno [[angep]].  Ti nangatngato a dam-eg ket mangpabassit ti pagangayan ti [[ling-et|panagling-et]] iti panagpalamiis ti bagi babaen ti panagpabassit ti gatad ti [[bumawbaw|panagbawbaw]] ti kabasa manipud iti kudil.  Daytoy a pagangayan ket mapattapata iti tabla ti [[pagsurotan ti pudot]] wenno [[humidex]], nga inus-usar iti las-ud ti tiempo ti kalgaw.

Adda met dagiti tallo a kangrunaan a panagrukod ti kadam-eg: patingga, relatibo ken naisangayan . Ti '''patingnga a dam-eg''' ket isu ti linaon a danum ti angin.&lt;ref&gt;Wyer, S.S., &quot;Ti treatado iti agpataud ti alingasaw ken dagiti agpatpataud ti alingasaw&quot;, (1906) Ti Warnakan ti Inhenieria ken Panagmina, Londres, p.23&lt;/ref&gt; Ti '''relatibo a dam-eg''', ket maiyebkas a kas porsiento, mangrukod daytoy ti agdama a patingnga a dam-eg a ''relatibo'' iti kangatuan para iti temperatura. Ti '''naisangayan a dam-eg''' ket isu ti [[pannakaibagi]] ti linaon nga alibungubong ti danum iti laok iti dagup a linaon ti angin iti pakaibatayan ti masa

== Dagiti kita ==

=== Patingnga a dam-eg ===
Ti patingnga a dam-eg ket isu ti masa ti alibungubong ti danum, &lt;math&gt; m_w &lt;/math&gt;, ti tungngal maysa a tomo ti yunit iti dagup ti panaglalaok ti angin ken alibungubong ti danum, &lt;math&gt; V_{net} &lt;/math&gt;, ken mabalin  a maiyebkas  a kas:

:&lt;math&gt; AH = {m_w \over V_{net}}. &lt;/math&gt;

Ti patingnga a dam-eg iti tangatang ket sumakop manipud iti asideg a sero aginggana ti agarup a 30&amp;nbsp;gramo iti tungngal maysa a kubiko metro no ti angin ket nasagepsepan iti 30 °C.[http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-53259/climate#292984.hook]
(Kitaen pay ti [http://www.tis-gdv.de/tis_e/misc/klima.htm tabla ti klima/dam-eg])

Ti patingga a dam-eg ket baliwanna ti angin a kas dagiti panangbalbaliw ti [[temperatura]] wenno [[presion]].  Daytoy ket mangaramid a saan a nasayaat para kadagiti panagpattapatta ti [[kimiko nga inhenieria]], a kas para kadagiti panagpamaga kadagiti kawes, nga idiay ket ti temperetura ket adu unay ti paggiddiatanna.  A kas ti resulta daytoy, ti patingga a dam-eg iti kimiko nga inhenieria ket mabalin a mangibaga iti masa ti namaga nga angin, nga ammo pay a kas ti '''pannakaibagi ti panaglalaok ti masa''' (kitaen ti &quot;naisangayan a dam-eg&quot; dita baba), a nasaysayaat a para it ipudot ken dagiti panagpattapatta ti balanse ti masa.  Ti masa ti danum iti tungngal maysa a tomo ti yunit a kas ti ekuasion dita ngato ket naipalawag pay a kas '''bolumetriko a dam-eg '''.  Gapu ti mabalin a pannaka-allilaw, ti [[British Standard|Britaniko nga Alagaden]] ti  BS 1339 (napabaro 2002) ket mangisingasing a ti pannakaibaga ti &quot;patingnga a dam-eg&quot;.  Nasken nga al-aluadan a kitkitaen dagiti yunit.  Adu dagiti pagkitaan ti dam-eg a naited iti g/kg wenno kg/kg, ngem ti ania man a yunit ti masa ket mabalin a mausar.

Ti pagobraan a maipanggep ti panagadal ti pisikal ken termodinamika a tagtagikua ti panaglalaok ti alingasaw ken alibungubong ket nanaganan ti [[sikrometria]].

=== Relatibo a dam-eg ===

Ti '''relatibo a dam-eg''' ket isu ti pannakaibagi ti [[sangkapaset laeng a presion]] ti alibungubong ti danum iti panaglalaok ti angin ken danum  iti nasagepsepan a [[presion ti alibungubong]] ti danum kadagiti a kasasaad. Ti relatibo a dam-eg ket isu ti annong ti linaon ti danum ken temperatura.

Ti relatibo a dam-eg ket kadawyan a maiyebkas a kas maysa a porsiento ken mapattapatta babaen ti panagusar ti sumaganad a pormula. Daytoy ket naipalawag a kas ti pannakaibagi ti [[sangkapaset laeng a presion]] ti alibungubong ti danum (H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O) &lt;math&gt; \left({e_w}\right) &lt;/math&gt; iti laok ti nasagepsepan a [[presion ti alibungubong]] ti danum &lt;math&gt; \left({{e^*}_w}\right) &lt;/math&gt; iti naited a temperatura.
:&lt;ref name=&quot;Perry&quot;&gt;Perry, R.H. ken ni Green, D.W, ''Perry's Chemical Engineers' Handbook'' (Maika-7 nga Edision), [[McGraw-Hill]], {{ISBN|0-07-049841-5}} , Eqn 12-7&lt;/ref&gt;

:::&lt;math&gt; \phi  =  {{e_w} \over {{e^*}_w}} \times 100\% &lt;/math&gt;

Ti relatibo a dam-eg ket maysa a nangruna a [[Metriko (matematika)|metriko]] nga inus-usar kadagiti [[panangipalnaad ti tiempo]] aken dagiti reporta, gapu ta daytoy ket ti maysa a pangituldingan ti maysa a pannakabalin ti [[presipitasion (meteorolohia)|presipitasion]], linnaaw, wenno angep.  Iti nabara a [[Tiempo (atmosperiko)|tiempo]] ti kalgaw , ti ingangato iti relatibo a dam-eg ket mangipangato ti [[pagsurotan tipudot|nalawag a temperatura]] iti [[tao (sebbanagan)|tattao]] (ken dagiti dadduma nga [[ayup]]) babaen ti panaglapped ti [[bumawbaw|panagbawbaw]] ti [[ling-et]] manipud iti kudil. Kas pagarigan, segun ti [[Pagsurotan ti Pudot]], ti relatibo a dam-eg ti 75% iti 80.0°F (26.7°C) ket mariknanto a kasla iti 83.6°F ±1.3 °F (28.7°C ±0.7 °C) iti relatibo a dam-eg ti ~44%.&lt;ref&gt;Lans P. Rothfusz. &quot;The Heat Index 'Equation' (or, More Than You Ever Wanted to Know About Heat Index)&quot;, Scientific Services Division (NWS Southern Region Headquarters), 1 Hulio 1990 [http://www.srh.noaa.gov/images/ffc/pdf/ta_htindx.PDF]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;R.G. Steadman, 1979. &quot;The assessment of sultriness. Part I: A temperature-humidity index based on human physiology and clothing science,&quot; J. Appl. Meteor., 18, 861-873&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Naisangayan a dam-eg ===
Ti ''naisangayan a dam-eg'' ket isu ti pannakaibagi ti alibungubong ti danum iti namaga nga angin iti naisangayan a masa, ken sagpaminsan a naibagbaga a kas ti pannakaibagi tidam-eg. Ti naisangayan a dam-eg ket maiyebkas a kas ti pannakaibagi ti masa ti alibungubong ti danum, &lt;math&gt; m_v &lt;/math&gt;, iti tungngal maysa a yunit ti masa ti namaga nga angin &lt;math&gt; m_a &lt;/math&gt; &lt;ref&gt;Cengel, Yunus kenni Boles, Michael, ''Termodinamika: Ti Maysa nga Inhenieria nga Arngian'', 1998, Maika-3 nga edision, McGraw-Hill, pp. 725–726&lt;/ref&gt;
.   Daytoy a kaadu ket ammo pay a kas ti &quot;pannakaibagi ti panaglalaok&quot; ti alibungubong ti danum.&lt;ref&gt;http://glossary.ametsoc.org/wiki/Mixing_ratio&lt;/ref&gt;

Dayta a pannakaibagi ket naipalawag a kas:

:&lt;math&gt; SH = {m_v \over m_a}. &lt;/math&gt;

Ti naisangayan a dam-eg ket mabalin pay a maiyebkas kadagiti sabali a waya a mairaman ti:

:&lt;math&gt; SH = {0.622 {p_{(H_2O)}} \over {p_{(namaga\, nga\, angin)}}}&lt;/math&gt;
:&lt;math&gt; 0.622 = {{MM_{H_2O}} \over {MM_{namaga\, nga\, angin}}} &lt;/math&gt;

wenno:

:&lt;math&gt; SH = {{0.622 p_{(H_2O)}}\over {p-p_{(H_2O)}}}. &lt;/math&gt;

Ti panagusar ti daytoy a panangipalawag ti naisangayan a dam-eg, thi relatibo a dam-eg ket mabalin a maiyebkas a kas

:&lt;math&gt; \phi = {{SH*p}\over {(0.622+SH) p^*_{(H_2O)}}}\times 100 &lt;/math&gt;

Nupay kasta, ti naisangayan a dam-eg ket naipalawag pay a kas ti pannakaibagi ti alibungubong ti danum iti dagup a masa ti sistema (namaga nga angin ken manayonan ti alibungubong ti danum).&lt;ref&gt;[http://amsglossary.allenpress.com/glossary/search?id=specific-humidity1 Glosario ti AMS: naisangayan a dam-eg]&lt;/ref&gt; Kas pagarigan, ti ASHRAE 2009 a Polieto, Ch1,1.2, (9a) ket mangipalawag ti naisangayan a dam-eg a kas &quot;ti pannakaibagi ti masa iti dagup a masa ti nadam-eg a wadan ti angin&quot;.

== Dagiti nagibasaran ==
{{Reflist}}

*Ahensia ti Panagsalaknib ti Enbironmento ti Estados Unidos, [https://web.archive.org/web/20051031172024/http://www.epa.gov/iaq/largebldgs/i-beam_html/ch2-hvac.htm#F2.6 &quot;IAQ kadagiti Dakkel a Pasdek&quot;]. Naala idi Enero 9, 2006.

[[Kategoria:Termodinamika ti tangatang]]
[[Kategoria:Dagiti pisikal a kaadu]]
[[Kategoria:Klima]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Bantay Dajo</title>
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      <text bytes="8504" sha1="9igialq60w016ui8vnr39w92m3zo5og" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox bantay
| name = Bantay Dajo
| other_name = '''''Bantay Dahu''''' wenno '''''Bud Dajo'''''
| photo = 
| photo_caption = 
| elevation_m = 620
| elevation_ref = &lt;ref name=&quot;gvp&quot;&gt;{{cite gvp | vn=0700-01= |title=Jolo |accessdate=2006-06-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| prominence_m = 620
| prominence_ref = 
| listing = 
| location = [[Sulu]], [[Filipinas]]
| map = Filipinas
| map_width = 280
| map_caption = '''Mapa ti Filipinas'''
| label_position = left
| coordinates  = {{coord|6|0|48|N|121|03|24|E|type:mountain_region:PH-SLU_scale:100000|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_ref = &lt;ref name=gvp /&gt;
| topo = 
| type = [[Kono nga eskoria]]
| age = 
| last_eruption = Di ammo
| volcanic_arc = Arko ti Zamboanga-Sulu
| first_ascent = 
| easiest_route = 
}}

Ti '''Bantay Dajo''' ([[Pagsasao a Tausug|Tausūg]]: ''Būd Dahu''; {{lang-es|Bud Dajó}}), ket maysa kadagiti [[kono nga eskoria]] a mangbukel iti isla ti [[Isla ti Jolo|Jolo]] ken paset ti [[Grupo ti Jolo|Bulkaniko a Grupo ti Jolo]] iti [[Filipinas]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.volcano.si.edu/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=0700-01=&amp;volpage=synsub &quot;Dagiti sinonimo ken dagiti sublanga – Jolo&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130514074329/http://www.volcano.si.edu/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=0700-01=&amp;volpage=synsub |date=2013-05-14 }}. Sangalubongan a programa ti Bulkanismo. Naala idi 2011-09-24.&lt;/ref&gt; Ti [[natay a bulkan|natay]] a [[bulkan]] ket mabirukan iti {{pagbaliwen|8|km||adj=pre|a}} nga abagatan a daya manipud iti ili ti [[Jolo, Sulu|Jolo]] idiay [[Dagiti probinsia ti Filipinas|probinsia]] ti [[Sulu]].  Ti bantay ken dagiti kaaripingna a daga ket nairangarang a kas '''Nailian a Parke ti Bantay Dajo''' idi 1938.&lt;ref name=&quot;Birdlife&quot;&gt;[http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/sitefactsheet.php?id=9814 &quot;Nailian a Parke ti Bantay Dajo&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121016131411/http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/sitefactsheet.php?id=9814 |date=2012-10-16 }}. Birdlife. Naala idi 2011-09-25.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dagiti pisikal a langa ==
Ti kono nga eskoria ket addaan iti kangato iti {{pagbaliwen|620|m||adj=pre|a}} nga addaan iti diametro ti baba iti {{pagbaliwen|9.5|km||adj=pre|a}}. Iti pantok ti bantay ket ti {{pagbaliwen|0.5|km||adj=pre|a}} nga abut a naisangawen iti abagatan a laud. Dagiti daduma pay a bulkaniko a sanguanan a kaariping ti Bantay Dajo ket ti: Matanding, a mabirukan iti amianan a daya ti Bantay Dajo nga addaan iti kangato iti {{pagbaliwen|400|m||adj=pre|a}} iti [[ngato ti lessaad ti baybay|asl]]; ti Guimba, iti daya ken ti kangato iti {{pagbaliwen|482|m||adj=pre|a}} asl; ken ti Sungal, iti abagatan a daya iti {{pagbaliwen|518|m||adj=pre|a}} asl.&lt;ref name=&quot;PHIVOLCS&quot;&gt;[http://volcano.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/update_VMEPD/Volcano/VolcanoList/buddajo.htm &quot;Banatay Dajo&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111005165753/http://volcano.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/update_VMEPD/Volcano/VolcanoList/buddajo.htm |date=2011-10-05 }}. Instituto ti Bulkanolohia ken Sismolohia. Naala idi 2011-09-25.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Heolohia ==
Ti [[basalto]] a bulkaniko a kono ket paset ti [[bulkaniko nga arko]] ti Zamboanga-Sulu.&lt;ref name=&quot;PHIVOLCS&quot; /&gt;

== Dagiti panagbettak a di agpayso a naigupit iti bantay ==
=== 1641 ===
Dagiti bulkan ti Jolo ket maysa kadagiti bulkan a di agpayso a naigupit iti panagbettak idi Enero 4, 1641 a nangabbong ti kasipnget ti akin-abagatan a Filipinas. Ti adu pay a panagad-adal ket kanungpalan a nabirukan a ti panagbettak ket nagtaud manipud iti [[Bantay Parker (Cotabato)|Bulkan Parker]] idiay probinsia ti [[Cotabato]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.volcano.si.edu/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=0701-011 &quot;Parker Volcano&quot;]. Sangalubongan a Programa ti Bulkanismo. Naala idi 2011-09-24.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.volcano.si.edu/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=0700-01=&amp;volpage=erupt &quot;Pakasaritaan a Panagbettak – Jolo&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121012083551/http://www.volcano.si.edu/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=0700-01=&amp;volpage=erupt |date=2012-10-12 }}. Sangalubongan a Programa ti Bulkanismo. Naala idi 2011-09-24.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== 1897 ===
Ti [[gingined]] ken ti simmaruno a [[tsunami]] idi Septiembre 21, 1897 a nagdadael ti Akin-abagatan a Filipinas ket naipampamattian a nagtaud manipud iti [[submarino a panagbettak]] isu a mailaksid ti Bantay Dajo.&lt;ref name=&quot;gvp&quot; /&gt;

== Panagsisiim  ti aktibidad ti PHIVOLCS ==
Ti nabiit a termino a panagsisiim iti bantay (seismiko ken bisual) ket inar-aramid babaen ti [[Instituto ti Filipinas iti Bulkanolohia ken Sismolohia]] idi 1993 ken idi 1997.  Awan dagiti karkarna nga aktibidad iti kaunegan ti kaarrubayan ti bulkan.&lt;ref name=&quot;PHIVOLCS&quot; /&gt;

== Nailian a Parke ti Bantay Dajo ==
Ti bantay ket ti kaarubayanna a lugar ket nairangarang a kas nailian a parke babaen ti Proklamasion Blng. 261 iti Pebrero 28, 1938 a binukel ti {{convert|213|ha}} iti daga. Dagiti kinaudi a reporta ket nangipakpakita a ti bantay ket nakaro napukpukan ti bakir nga adda laengen iti bassit a nabati nga abbong ti bakir a kadawyan laeng kadagiti napadsok a bakras.&lt;ref name=&quot;Birdlife&quot; /&gt;  Ti pagtaengan dagiti ayup ket agdama a saan a nailista a kas nasalakniban a lugar babaen ti Sistema ti Nailian a Naipagkaykaysa ti Nasalakniban a Luglugar (NIPAS) iti [[Departamento ti Enbironmento ken dagiti Masna a Rekurso (Filipinas)|Departamento ti Enbironmento ken dagiti Masna a Rekurso]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://pawb.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=60:pam-facts-figures&amp;catid=58:protected-area-management&amp;Itemid=192 &quot;Dagiti kinapudno ken dagiti Pigura ti Nasalakniban a Luglugar babaen ti Rehion&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929143329/http://www.pawb.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=60%3Apam-facts-figures&amp;catid=58%3Aprotected-area-management&amp;Itemid=192 |date=2011-09-29 }}. Nasalakniban a Luglugar ken Opisina ti Kaatapan. Naala idi 2011-09-25.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://pawb.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=69:region-9&amp;catid=69:regions &quot;Nasalakniban a luglugar iti Rehion 9&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929144130/http://pawb.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=69%3Aregion-9&amp;catid=69%3Aregions |date=2011-09-29 }}. Nasalakniban a Luglugar ken Opisina ti Kaatapan. Naala idi 2011-09-25.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Fauna ===
Adda met dagiti madanar a sebbangan, a saan a nasken nga endemiko iti lugar, ngem mabalin a mabirukan iti kaunegan ti Nailian a Parke ti Bantay Dajo ket (manipud iti &quot;BirdLife International&quot;):&lt;ref name=&quot;Birdlife&quot; /&gt;
# [[Ducula pickeringii|Kolor dapo nga Imperial a Pagaw]] ''(Ducula pickeringii)'', '''Madanar'''
# [[Cacatua haematuropygia|Kakatua ti Filipinas]] wenno ti Nalabbasit butbut a Kakatua ''(Cacatua haematuropygia)'', '''Kritikal a madanar'''
# [[Kalaw ti Sulu]] ''(Anthracoceros montani)'',	'''Kritikal a madanar'''
# [[Sulu Woodpecker]] ''Dendrocopos ramsayi'', '''Madanar'''
# [[Salaksak ni Winchell]]  ''(Todiramphus winchelli)'', '''Madanar'''

== Naipakasaritaan a kinapangruna ==
Ti bantay ket lugar ti [[Umuna a Gubat ti Bantay Dajo]] idi las-ud ti [[Moro a Rebelion]] iti [[Gubat ti Filipinas-Amerika]] idi 1906, a nakaikanungpalan ti [[Nadawel a panagpapatay ti Abut ti Moro]], ti pannakapatay dagiti sumurok a 600 taga-purok (kaaduan ket sibilin) a naglemlemmeng iti abut ti Bantay Dajo.  Ti lima nga aldaw a [[Maikadua a Gubat ti Bantay Dajo]] idi 1911 ket nagpatingga nga addaan iti basbassit a nadangran babaen dagiti negosasion, ken panagaw-awis a panagawid iti kaaduan.

== Kitaen pay ==
*[[Dagiti aktibo a bulkan ti Filipinas]]
*[[Dagiti mabalin nga aktibo a bulkan ti Filipinas]]
*[[Dagiti di aktibo a bulkan ti Filipinas]]
*[[Listaan dagiti nailian a parke ti Filipinas]]

== Dagiti nagibasaran ==
{{Reflist}}

== Dagiti akinruar a silpo ==
*[http://volcano.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/update_VMEPD/Volcano/VolcanoList/buddajo.htm Bud Dajo] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111005165753/http://volcano.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/update_VMEPD/Volcano/VolcanoList/buddajo.htm |date=2011-10-05 }}
*[http://www.volcano.si.edu/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=0700-01= Jolo] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130326012854/http://www.volcano.si.edu/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=0700-01= |date=2013-03-26 }}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20160303175551/http://www.boston.com/news/globe/ideas/articles/2006/03/12/what_happened_at_bud_dajo/ Ania kadi ti napasamak iti Bantay Dajo]

{{Dagiti nailian a parke ti Filipinas}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dajo}}
[[Kategoria:Dagiti nailian a parke ti Filipinas]]
[[Kategoria:Dagiti aktibo a bulkan ti Filipinas]]
[[Kategoria:Sulu]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Nailian a Parke ti Subteraneo a Karayan ti Puerto Princesa</title>
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      <text bytes="10233" sha1="h8ma7o1rkxrjsxq4jhzwlczl66uth6z" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox nasalakniban a lugar
| name            = Nailian a Parke ti Subteraneo a Karayan ti Puerto Princesa
| alt_name        = 
| iucn_category   = II
| photo           = Puerto Princesa Underground River.jpg
| photo_alt       = 
| photo_caption   = Pangserrekan iti Karayan iti uneg ti daga ti Puerto Princesa
| photo_width     = 
| map             = Filipinas
| relief          = 1
| map_alt         = 
| map_caption     = 
| map_width       = 280
| location        = [[Palawan]], [[Filipinas]]
| nearest_city    = [[Puerto Princesa]], [[Filipinas]]
| embedded1 = {{designation list | embed=yes
   | designation1 = WHS
   | designation1_date = 1999 &lt;small&gt;(Maika-23 a [[Komite ti Tawid ti Lubong|sesion]])&lt;/small&gt;
   | designation1_type = [[Katutubo|Masna]]
   | designation1_criteria = vii, x
   | designation1_number = [http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/652 652]
   | designation1_free1name = Partido ti Estado
   | designation1_free1value = [[Filipinas]]
   | designation1_free2name = Rehion
   | designation1_free2value = [[Listaan dagiti Lugar ti Tawid iti Lubong idiay Asia|Asia-Pasipiko]]
}}
| coordinates     = {{coord|10|10|N|118|55|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| area            = {{pagbaliwen|22202|ha||adj=pre|nga}}
| established     = Nobiembre 12, 1999
| visitation_num  = 
| visitation_year = 
| governing_body  = [[Departamento ti Enbironmento ken dagiti Masna a Rekurso (Filipinas)|Departamento ti Enbironmento ken dagiti Masna a Rekurso]]&lt;br /&gt;Siudad ti [[Puerto Princesa]]
| url             = 
}}

Ti '''Nailian a Parke ti Subteraneo a Karayan ti Puerto Princesa''' ket [[Dagiti nasalakniban a lugar ti Filipinas|nasalakniban a lugar]] iti [[Filipinas]] a mabirukan iti agarup a {{pagbaliwen|50|km|mi|-1}} iti amianan ti sentro ti siudad ti [[Puerto Princesa]], [[Palawan]]. Ti karayan ket makunkuna pay iti '''Karayan iti Uneg ti Daga ti Puerto Princesa'''. Ti nailian a parke ket mabirukan idiay Kabambantayan ti San Pablo iti akin-amianan a pantar ti isla. Daytoy ket nabeddengan babaen ti Luek San Pablo iti amianan ken ti Karayan Babuyan iti daya. Ti Gobierno ti Siudad ti Puerto Princesa ket tinartaripatona ti Nailian a Parke manipud idi 1992. Ti ruangan ti subteraneo a karayan ket nabiit a pagnaen manipud idiay iti ti Sabang.

Idi 2010, ti grupo dagiti enbironmentalista ken dagiti heologo ket naduktalanda a ti uneg iti daga a karayan ket addaan iti maikadua a kadsaaran, isu a daytoy ket mabalin nga addaan kadagiti bassit a dissuor iti uneg ti kueba. Nakabirukda pay ti simborio ti kueba nga agrukod iti  {{pagbaliwen|300|m|ft|abbr=on}} iti ngato ti uneg ti daga a karayan, dagiti pormasion ti bato, dagiti dakkel a [[kurarapnit]], ti adalem nga abut ti danum iti uneg ti karayan, dagiti adu pay a pagayusan ti danum ti karayan, ti sabali pay a nauneg a kueba, ken dagiti dadduma pay nga ayup ti baybay. Dagiti naun-uneg a lugar ti uneg ti daga a karayan ket ganggani nga imposible a masukimat gapu ti kabassit ti oksiheno.

Idi Nobiembre 11, 2011, ti Karayan iti Uneg ti Daga ti Puerto Princesa ket probisional a napili a kas maysa kadagiti [[Dagiti 7 a Baro a Siddaw iti Katutubo|7 a baro a siddaw iti katutubo]]. Daytoy a panagpili ket opisial a naikeddeng idi Enero 28, 2012.

== Heograpia ==
Ti parke ket addaan iti bantay a langa ti daga iti [[karst]] a [[kalisa]]. Ti Kueba San Pablo ti Uneg ti Daga a Karayan ket at-atiddog ngem {{pagbaliwen|24|km|mi|abbr=on}} ken aglaon ti maysa a {{pagbaliwen|8.2|km|mi|abbr=on}} a kaatiddog a paset ti uneg ti daga iti Karayan Cabayugan. Ti karayan ket lasatenna ti kueba sakbay a dagus nga agayus idiay [[Baybay Abagatan Tsina]] ken mabalin a madaliasat babaen ti bangka aginggana iti {{pagbaliwen|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} iti uneg manipud iti baybay. Ti kueba ket mangiraman kadagiti nangruna a pormasion dagiti [[estalaktita]] ken dagiti [[estalagmita]], ken dagiti nadumaduma a dadakkel a kamara, a mairaman ti 360-metro nga agatiddog a Kamara Italiano nga addaan iti agarup a 2.5-riwriw kuadrado metro a tomo. Daytoy ket maysa kadagiti kadakkelan a kuarto ti kueba iti lubong.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url= http://www.wondermondo.com/Countries/As/Philippines/Palawan/PuertoPrincesaSubterranean.htm| title= Subteraneo a Karayan ti Puerto Princesa| publisher= Wondermondo| access-date= 2014-01-22| archive-date= 2018-06-05| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180605173039/http://www.wondermondo.com/Countries/As/Philippines/Palawan/PuertoPrincesaSubterranean.htm| url-status= dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Ti akin-baba a paset ti karayan nga aginggana iti 6&amp;nbsp;km manipud iti baybay, ket suheto kadagiti impluensia ti [[ugot]]. Manipud iti pannakaduktal idi 2007 ti maysa a karayan iti uneg ti daga idiay [[Peninsula ti Yucatan]] ti [[Mehiko]],&lt;ref name=&quot;ngs&quot;&gt;{{cite web| url= http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2007/03/070305-cave-river.html| title= Kaatiddogan a Karayan iti Uneg ti Daga ket Naduktalan idiay Mehiko, Kinuna dagiti Agbatbatok| last= Roach| first= John| date= 5 Marso 2007| work= National Geographic| publisher= National Geographic Society| accessdate= 2008-09-05| archive-date= 2007-03-11| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070311004403/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2007/03/070305-cave-river.html| url-status= dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; ti Subteraneo a Karayan ti Puerto Princesa ket isu idi ti kaatiddogan a subteraneo a karayan iti lubong.

Ti lugar ket mangirepresenta pay ti habitat para iti konserbasion ti biodibersidad. Ti lugar ket aglaon ti napno a bantay agingana iti baybay nga [[ekosistema]] ken addaan daytoy ti maysa kadagiti kangrunaan a bakir iti Asia. Daytoy ket naibagbaga a kas [[Lugar a Tawid ti Lubong]] ti [[UNESCO]] idi Disiembre 4, 1999.

== Flora ==
Ti parke ket addaan kadagiti nadumaduma a pormasion ti bakir a mangireresenta ti walo kadagiti sangapulo ket tallo a kita ti bakir iti tropikal nga [[Asia]], kas dagiti kabakiran ti [[ultramapiko a daga]], kabakiran kadagiti kalisa a daga, [[montane a bakir]], bakir ti kalugnakan ti nasadiwa a danum, tropikal a katuduan a bakir ti tanap, bakir ti karkarayan, bakir ti aplaya,ken bakir ti [[parakad]]. Dagiti agsuksukimat ket nakailasinda kadagiti ad-adu ngem 800 a sebbangan ti mula manipud kadagiti 300 a henero ken dagiti 100 a pamilia. Dagitoy ket mairaman ti saan a basbassit ngem 295 a kaykayo a kaaduan babaen dagiti sebbangan ti [[dipterocarpaceae]]. Iti bakir ti tanap, dagiti dakkel a kayo a kas ti Dao (''[[Dracontomelon dao]]''), Ipil (''[[Intsia bijuga]]''), Dita (''[[Alstonia scholaris]]''), Amugis (''Koordersiodendrum pinnatum''), ken  Apitong (''[[Dipterocarpus gracilis]]'') ket kadawyan dagitoy. Dagiti sebbanagn ti bakir ti aplaya ket mairaman ti Bitaog (''[[Calophyllum inophyllum]]''), ''[[Pongamia pinnata]]'', ken ''Erynthia orientalis''. Dagiti dadduma pay a sebbangan ti mula ket mairaman ti Almaciga (''[[Agathis philippinensis]]''), Kamagong (''Diospyros pulganensis'') Pandan (''[[Pandanus]]'' sp.) Anibong, ken Ratan ('''[[Calamus (henero, botanika)|Calamus]]'' sp.)

== Fauna ==
Dagiti billit ket mangbukel ti kadakkelan a grupo dagiti bertebrado a mabirukan iti parke. Kadagiti 252 a sebbangan ti billit nga ammo nga adda iti Palawan, ti dagup dagiti 165 a sebbangan dagiti billit ket nairehistron iti parke. Daytoy ket mangirepresenta ti 67% iti dagup dagiti billit ken dagiti amin a 15 nga endemiko a sebbangan ti billit ti Palawan. Dagiti nagruna a sebbangan a makitita iti parke ket ti asul teltel a loro (''[[Tanygnathus lucionensis]]''), ti Tabon scrub fowl (''Megapodius cumunigii''), myna ti turod (''[[Gracula religiosa]]''), kalaw ti Palawan(''[[Anthracoceros marchei]]''), ken ti puraw barokong nga agila ti baybay (''Halitutus leucogates'').

Adda pay dagiti 30 a sebbangan ti mamalia a nairehistron.&lt;ref name=Madulid98&gt;Madulid, 1998&lt;/ref&gt; Kaaduan kadagiti mapalpliiw a mangmangan iti bakir ken ti igid ti baybay no ababa ti ugot ket ti atiddog ti ipusna a macaca (''[[Macaca fascicularis]]''), ti laeng sunggo a mabiruka iti daytoy a lugar. Dagiti dadduma pay a sebbangan ti mamalia iti parke ket ti nabarbasan a baboy (''[[Sus barbatus]]''), bearcat (''[[Arctictis binturong]]''), Palawan stink badger (''[[Mydaus marchei]]'') ken ti anaping ti Palawan (''Hystrix pumilus'')

Adda pay dagiti 19 nailasenen a sebbangan ti reptilia, walo kadagitoy ket endemiko.&lt;ref name=Madulid98 /&gt; Dagiti kadawyan a sebbangan iti lugar ket mairaman dagiti dakkel nga agsidsida a kas ti kadawyan a retikulado a beklat ''[Python reticulates]'', ti monitor nga alutiit (''[[Varanus salvator]]'') ken ti berde ti tapingar nga alutiit (''Bronchocoela cristatella''). Dagiti ampibia ket mairaman dagiti sangapulo a sebbangan. Ti tukay ti kakaykawan ti Filipinas (''Rana acanthi'') ket isu ti kaaduan ken kankanayon a masarsarakan. Ti maysa a sebbangan, ti ''[[Barbourula busuangensis]]'', ken endemiko iti Palawan ket napaliiw pay iti daytoy a lugar.

Dagiti nangruna ket dagiti siam a sebbangan ti kurarapnit, dua a sebbangan dagiti swiftlet ken mabirukan pay iti kueba ti ablat a lawwalawwa (''Stygophrynus sp.''), ken ti baka ti baybay (''[[Dugong dugon]]'') ken sippit kali a pawikan (''[[Chelonia mydas]]'') a mangmangan iti pantar a lugar ti parke.

== Dagiti ladawan ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
Papeles:Puerto Princesa Subterranean River Cave, Stalactites 3, Palawan, Philippines.jpg|Dagiti estalaktita ti Karayan iti Uneg ti Daga ti Puerto Princesa
Papeles:Tour Boat Inside PPSRNP.jpg|Ti bangka iti Karayan iti Uneg ti Daga
Papeles:Docking area to Underground River.jpg|Ti pantalan a lugar ti Karayan iti Uneg ti Daga
Papeles:Palawan Underground.JPG|Ti Karayan iti Uneg ti Daga idi 2012
Papeles:Caves entranceexit.jpg|Pakaimatangan iti paserrekan iti kueba
Papeles:Entrance to Underground River in Palawan.jpg|Grupo dagiti turista nga agsagsagana a sumrek iti Karayan iti Uneg ti Daga
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Dagiti nagibasaran ==
{{Reflist}}

== Kitaen pay ==
*[[Listaan dagiti Lugar a Tawid ti Lubong iti Filipinas]]
*[[Listaan dagiti nailian a parke ti Filipinas]]

== Dagiti akinruar a silpo ==
{{Commonscat-inline|Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park|{{PAGENAME}}}}

{{Dagiti nailian a parke ti Filipinas}}
{{Kontrol ti autoridad}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Puerto Princesa}}
[[Kategoria:Dagiti nailian a parke ti Filipinas]]
[[Kategoria:Palawan]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Pagsasao a Rumano</title>
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      <text bytes="6490" sha1="eqw8osu0ozn3mp181druntc1jl7efya" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox pagsasao
|name          = Rumano
|altname       = Daco-Rumano
|nativename    = ''limba română''
|pronunciation = {{IPA-ro|roˈmɨnə|}}
|states        = Romania, Moldova, ''Transnistria'' &lt;small&gt;(naisupiatan a rehion)&lt;/small&gt;; minoridad idiay: Israel, Serbia, Ukrania, Hungaria, Kroasia, diaspora idiay Italia, Espania, Portugal, ken dagiti sabali pay a paset ti Lumaud a Europa 
|region =
|speakers      = {{sigfig|24.0|2}} a riwriw
|date          = 2007
|ref           =&lt;ref name=&quot;Latin Union&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://unilat.org/DPEL/Promotion/L_Odyssee_des_langues/Roumain/ro |title=Kappon ti Latin |access-date=2014-03-06 |archive-date=2014-10-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141029141605/http://unilat.org/DPEL/Promotion/L_Odyssee_des_langues/Roumain/ro |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[[Nationalencyklopedin]] &quot;Världens 100 största språk 2007&quot; Dagiti 100 a Kadakkelan a Pagsasao iti Lubong 2007&lt;/ref&gt;
|speakers2     = Maikadua a pagsasao: 4 a riwriw&lt;ref name=&quot;Latin Union&quot;/&gt;
|familycolor   = Indo-Europeano
|fam2          = [[Sasao nga Italiko|Italiko]]
|fam3          = [[Sasao a Romanse|Romanse]]
|fam4          = [[Sasao nga Akin-daya a Romanse|Akin-daya a Romanse]]
|ancestor      = [[Pagsasao a Proto-Rumano|Proto-Rumano]]
|script        = [[Latin a sinuratan|Latin]] ([[Rumano nga abesedario]])&lt;br&gt;[[Rumano a Braille]]
|nation        = {{flagu|Romania}}&lt;br&gt;{{flagu|Moldova}}&lt;ref name=Moldova group=nb&gt;Ti batay-linteg ti Repulbika ti Moldova ket mangitudo ti pagsasao ti pagilian a kas ti ''Moldova'', bayat a ti 1991 [[Deklarasion ti Wayawaya ti Moldova|Deklarasion ti Wayawaya]] ket inagananna ti opisial a pagsasao ti ''Rumano''. Idi Disiembre2013, ti panangikeddeng ti [[Batay-linteg a Korte ti Moldova]] ket nangiyalagad a ti Deklarasion ti Wayawaya ket isu ti umuna sakbay ti Batay-linteg ken ti pagsasao ti estado ket nasken a matawagan iti ''Rumano''.[http://www.foxnews.com/world/2013/12/05/moldovan-court-rules-official-language-is-romanian-replacing-soviet-flavored/ foxnews.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131209102718/http://www.foxnews.com/world/2013/12/05/moldovan-court-rules-official-language-is-romanian-replacing-soviet-flavored |date=2013-12-09 }}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;br&gt;{{flagu|Vojvodina}}&lt;br&gt;
{{flagu|Kappon ti Europa}} &lt;br&gt;(''Kitaen ti [[Listaan dagiti pagilian a ti Rumano ket opisial a pagsasao|Listaan]].'')
|minority= {{flagu|Hungaria}}&lt;br /&gt;{{flagu|Serbia}}
|agency        = [[Rumano nga Akademia|Academia Română]]&lt;br&gt;[[Akademia dagiti siensia ti Moldova]]
|iso1          = ro
|iso2b=rum
|iso2t=ron
|iso3=ron
|lingua=51-AAD-c (karkaruay: 51-AAD-ca aginggana ti -ck)
|map=Map Roumanophone World.png
|mapcaption=Asul: rehion a ti Rumano ket isu ti kaaduan a pagsasao. Berde: luglugar a addaan ti nangruna a minoridad dagiti agsasao ti Rumano.
|notice=IPA
}}

Ti '''Rumano''' (wenno ''' [[Daco-Rumano]] '''ket ti [[Sasao a Romanse|Romanse a pagsasao]] nga insasao babaen ti agarup a 24 riwriw a tattao a kas patneng a pagsasao, ken kangrunaan idiay Romania ken Moldova, ken babaen dagiti sabali pay a 4 a riwriw a tattao a kas maikadua a pagsasao.&lt;ref name=&quot;28mil&quot;&gt;Ti Kappon ti Latin ket ireportana ti 28 a riwriw nga agsasao para iti Rumano, a manipud kadagita ket 24 a riwriw ket patneng nga agsasao iti pagsasao: ''Kappon ti Latin – Ti paniaga dagiti pagsasao:'' [http://unilat.org/DPEL/Promotion/L_Odyssee_des_langues/Roumain/ro ro] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141029141605/http://unilat.org/DPEL/Promotion/L_Odyssee_des_langues/Roumain/ro |date=2014-10-29 }}, [http://dpel.unilat.org/DPEL/Creation/Odyssee/5.es.asp es] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110414114234/http://dpel.unilat.org/DPEL/Creation/Odyssee/5.es.asp |date=2011-04-14 }}, [http://dpel.unilat.org/DPEL/Creation/Odyssee/5.fr.asp fr] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110114144209/http://dpel.unilat.org/DPEL/Creation/Odyssee/5.fr.asp |date=2011-01-14 }}, [http://dpel.unilat.org/DPEL/Creation/Odyssee/5.it.asp it] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110114124519/http://dpel.unilat.org/DPEL/Creation/Odyssee/5.it.asp |date=2011-01-14 }}, [http://dpel.unilat.org/DPEL/Creation/Odyssee/5.pt.asp pt] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927125142/http://dpel.unilat.org/DPEL/Creation/Odyssee/5.pt.asp |date=2011-09-27 }}; kitaen pay ti [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=ron Reporta ti Ethnologue para iti Rumano]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Encarta&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://encarta.msn.com/media_701500404/Languages_Spoken_by_More_Than_10_Million_People.html |title=Dagiti pagsasao nga INsasao babaen ti Ad-adu Ngem 10 a Riwriw a Tattao |publisher=Microsoft Encarta 2006 |access-date=2014-03-06 |archive-date=2009-10-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091029104855/http://encarta.msn.com/media_701500404/Languages_Spoken_by_More_Than_10_Million_People.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Daytoy ket addaan ti opisial a kasasaad idiay [[Romania]], ti [[Moldova|Republika ti Moldova]], ti Autonomo a Probinsia ti [[Vojvodina]] idiay Serbia, ken idiay autonomo a [[Bantay Athos]] idiay Gresia.

Dagiti [[Tattao a Rumano|agsasao a Rumano]] ket naiwarwarasda iti ballasiw kadagiti adu a pagilian, a nangruna idiay Australia, Italia, Espania, Ukrania, Bulgaria, ti Estados Unidos, Kanada, Arhentina, Israel, Rusia, Portugal, ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagarian, Pransia, ken Alemania.

==Dagiti nota==
&lt;references group=nb /&gt;

==Dagiti nagibasaran==
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliograpia==
* Giurescu, Constantin, ''The Making of the Romanian People and Language'', Bucharest, 1972.
* Kahl, Thede (ed.), ''Das Rumänische und seine Nachbarn'', Berlin, 2009.
* Paliga, Sorin, ''The Earliest Slavic Borrowings in Romanian'', Romanoslavica vol. XLVI, nr. 4, Editura Universităţii din Bucureşti, Bucharest, 2010.
* Rosetti, Alexandru, ''Istoria limbii române'', 2 vols., Bucharest, 1965–1969.
* Uwe, Hinrichs (ed.), ''Handbuch der Südosteuropa-Linguistik'', Wiesbaden, 1999.

== Dagiti akinruar a silpo ==
{{Commonscat-inline|Romanian language|{{PAGENAME}}}}
{{InterWiki}}
* [http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/sampa/rom-uni.htm SAMPA para iti Rumano] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210504210150/http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/sampa/rom-uni.htm |date=2021-05-04 }}
* [http://www.seelrc.org:8080/grammar/pdf/stand_alone_romanian.pdf Reperensia ti Gramatika ti Rumano – 4.6 MB – pdf]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rumano, Pagsasao}}
[[Kategoria:Pagsasao a Rumano| ]]

{{pagsasao-pungol}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Australasia</title>
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      <text bytes="6110" sha1="boh7c0eucq05f67gdkesqj7ds3x8asg" xml:space="preserve">[[Papeles:LocationAustralasia.png|thumb|250px|right|Ti Australasia]]
[[Papeles:Oceanias Regions.png|thumb|250px|Dagiti rehion ti [[Oceania]]. Ti Baro a Selanda ket naikeddeng a kas paset ti Australasia ken ti [[Polinesia]]. Dagiti nadumaduma a dagup ti [[Melanesia]] (tradisional nga amin daytoy) ket maibilang pay a kas paset ti Australasia.]]

Ti '''Australasia''', ket [[rehion]] ti [[Oceania]], ken ti mangbukel ti [[Australia]], [[Baro a Selanda]], ti isla ti [[Baro a Guinea]], ken dagiti agkakaarruba nga [[isla]] ti [[Taaw Pasipiko]].  Ni [[Charles de Brosses]] ket isu ti nagaramid iti termino (kas iti Pranses iti ''Australasie'') iti ''Histoire des navigations aux terres australes''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book
| last1                 = de Brosses
| first1                = Charles
| author1-link          = Charles de Brosses
| title                 = Histoire des navigations aux terres Australes. Contenant ce que l'on sçait des moeurs &amp; des productions des contrées découvertes jusqu'à ce jour; &amp; où il est traité de l'utilité d'y faire de plus amples découvertes, &amp; des moyens d'y former un établissement
| trans-title           = History of voyages to the Southern Lands. Containing what is known concerning the customes and products of the countries so far discovered; and treating of the usefulness of making broader discoveries there, and of the means of setting up an establishment there
| url                   = http://books.google.com/books?id=o3x_MaYZVJQC
| language              = Pranses
| location              = Paris
| publisher             = Durand
| publication-date      = 1756
| accessdate            = 2013-12-08
}}&lt;/ref&gt; (1756). Isu ket nangala daytoy manipud iti [[Pagsasao a Latin|Latin]] para iti &quot;abagatan ti [[Asia]]&quot; ken nangigiddiat ti lugar manipud iti [[Polinesia]] (iti daya) ken manipud iti [[Mikronesia]] (iti amianan a daya). Ti kaaduan ti Australasia ket adda iti [[Plata ti Indo-Australia]], a kakuyogna met ti [[India]].

== Heograpia ti tao ==
Iti [[heopolitika|heopolitiko]], ti ''Australasia'' ket sagpaminsan a pangikuyogan a pannakaibagbaga iti Australia ken Baro a Selanda – iti kaawan ti sabali a lubong a limitado laeng kadagita a dua a pagilian. Sagpaminsay pay a ti termino ket buklenna ti isla ti Baro Guinea ([[Papua Baro a Guinea]] ken ti isla a paset ti [[Indonesia]]. Adu met dagiti gunglo a dagiti naganda ket mangiraman ti pangsaruno iti &quot;[Naarian] nga Australasiano a Kagimongan iti ...&quot; ken manglimitado ti sakup ti operasionda iti laeng Australia ken Baro a Selanda.

[[Papeles:Flag of Australasian team for Olympic games.svg|thumb|200px|Ti 1908–12 nga Australasiano a Wagayway ti Olimpiada]]

Iti napalabas, ti Australasia ket naus-usar idin a kas ti nagan para kadagiti naitipon a timpuyog ti ay-ayam ti Australia ken Baro a Selanda. Dagiti kas pagarigan ket mairaman ti [[tenis]] idi nagbaetan ti 1905 ken 1915, idi ti Baro a Selanda ken Australia ket nagtiponda a nagsalisal iti internasional a torneo ti [[Kopa Davis]], ken dagiti [[Dagiti Ay-ayam ti Kalgaw nga Olimpiada|Ay-ayam ti Olimpiada]] idi [[Kalgaw nga Olimpiada ti 1908|1908]] ken [[Kalgaw nga Olimpiada ti 1912|1912]].

== Heograpia ti ekolohia ==
[[Papeles:Mountcook.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Ti [[Aoraki / Bantay Cook]] idiay [[Akin-abagatan nga Alpes]] ti [[Baro a Selanda]]]]
{{nangruna|Ekosona ti Australasia}}

Manipud ti maysa a perspektio iti [[ekolohia]] pti [[ekosona ti Australasia]] ket mangporma ti naisangayan a rehion nga addaan iti kadawyan a heolohiko ken ebolusionario a pakasaritaan ken ti adu a naisalsalumina a [[mula|flora]] ken [[ayup|fauna]]. Iti daytoy a kontesto, ti Australasia ket limitado iti Australia, Baro a Guinea, Baro a Selanda, [[Baro a Caledonia]], ken dagiti kaarruba nga isla, ken mairaman dagiti isla ti [[Indonesia]] maniud iti agpaday a pset ti [[Lombok]] ken [[Sulawesi]]. Ti [[Linia Wallace]] ket mangmarka ti biolohiko a panangisina manipud iti [[ekosona ti Indomalaya]] ti tropikal nga [[Asia]] – [[Borneo]] ken [[Bali]] a naisanglad iti lumaud n bangir ti Asia.

Ti Australia, Baro a Selanda ken Baro a Caledonia ket pirgis amin dagitoy ti taga-ugma a superkontinente ti [[Gondwana]], a dagiti marka ket makitkita pay laeng idiay  [[Probinsia ti Seamount Isla ti paskua]] ken dagiti dadduma pay a heopisikal nga entidad. Dagitoy tallo a masa ti daga ket naisinsinan manipud kadagiti sabali a kontinente, ken manipud kaniada, kadagit inapalabasen a riwriw a tawen. Almin ti Australasia ket makibinningay iti [[flora ti Antartiko]], urayno ti akin-amianan a tropikal nga is-isla ket makibinningay met kadagiti adu a mula iti [[Abagatan a daya nga Asia]].

Ti Australia, Baro a Guinea, ken Tasmania ket naisinsinada pay manipud babaen ti maysa nga ababaw a [[kontinental samang]], ken naisilpoda idi nabab-baba ti lessaad ti baybay kadagiti las-ud ti [[Panawen ti Yelo]]. Makibinningay dagitoy ti agpada a fauna a mangiraman kadagiti mamalia ti [[marsupial]] ken [[monotreme]] ken dagiti billit a [[ratite]]. Ti [[Eucalypt]] ket isu dagiti adu kayo iti kaaduan a paset ti Australia ken Baro a Guinea. Ti Baro a Selanda ken awan kadagiti patneng a mamalia iti daga, ngem adda met idi kadagiti billit a ratite, a mairaman ti [[kiwi]] ken ti awanen a [[moa]]. Ti ekosona ti Australasia ket mangiraman kadagiti asideg a grupo ti isla, kasla ti [[Wallacea]], ti [[Purpuro ti Bismarck]], [[Is-isla ti Solomon]], ken [[Vanuatu]] ken saan idi dagitoy a dati a paset ti Gondwana, ngem makibinningay met kadagiti adu a pakailasinan dagiti mula ken dagiti ayup iti Australasia.

== Dagiti nota ==
{{Reflist}}

== Dagiti nagibasaran ==
*{{cite web | last = Richards | first = Kel | authorlink =  | year = 2006 | url = http://www.abc.net.au/newsradio/txt/s1587644.htm | title = Australasia | work = Wordwatch | publisher = ABC News Radio | accessdate = 2006-09-30 | archive-date = 2007-03-18 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070318140546/http://www.abc.net.au/newsradio/txt/s1587644.htm | url-status = dead}}

== Dagiti akinruar a silpo ==
{{commons-nailinia}}
{{Dagiti rehion iti lubong}}

[[Kategoria:Dagiti rehion ti Oceania]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Albert Abraham Michelson</title>
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      <text bytes="2947" sha1="e2vytoeblui7vaio1zxvydib1lvpyzb" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox sientista
| name        = Albert Abraham Michelson
| image       = Albert Abraham Michelson2.jpg
| birth_date  = {{Petsa ti pannakaipasngay|1852|12|19}}
| birth_place = [[Strzelno]], [[Pagarian ti Prusia]]
| death_date  = {{Petsa ti ipupusay ken tawen|1931|5|9|1852|12|19}}
| death_place = [[Pasadena, California]]
| nationality = Estados Unidos
| field       = [[Pisika]]
| workplaces  = [[Unibersidad ti Akinlaud a Reservba ti Case]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Unibersidad ti Clark]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Unibersidad ti Chicago]]
| alma_mater  = [[Maipapan it iTaaw nga Akademia ti Estados Unidos]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Unibersidad ti Berlin]]
| doctoral_advisor  = [[Hermann Helmholtz]]
| doctoral_students = [[Robert Millikan]]
| known_for   = [[Kapardas ti lawag]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Eskperimento Michelson–Morley]]
| prizes      = [[Premio Nobel iti Pisika]] &lt;small&gt;(1907)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Medalia Copley]] &lt;small&gt;(1907)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Medalia Elliott Cresson]] &lt;small&gt;(1912)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;[[Medalia Henry Draper]] &lt;small&gt;(1916)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;[[Medalia Albert (Naarian a Kagimongan dagiti Arte)|Medalia Albert]] {{small|(1920)}}&lt;br&gt;[[Medalia Franklin]] &lt;small&gt;(1923)&lt;/small&gt;
| signature   = Albert A Michelson Signature.svg
|spouse=Margaret Hemingway (1877–1898; naidiborsio; 3 nga annak)&lt;br /&gt;Edna Stanton (1899–1931; idi pimmusay; 3 nga annak)
}}

Ni '''Albert Abraham Michelson''' ( Deisiembre 19, 1852 – Mayo 9, 1931) ket maysa idi nga Amerikano a [[Pisika|pisiko]] a naam-ammuan para iti obrana iti panagrukod ti [[kapardas ti lawag]] ken naipangpangruna para iti [[eksperimento Michelson–Morley]]. Idi 1907 isu ket nagungunaan iti [[Premio Nobel iti Pisika]]. Isu ti immuna nga Amrikano a nakaawat iti Premio Nobel kadagiti siensia.

==Dagiti nota==
{{Reflist}}

==Dagiti nagibasaran==
*{{cite book | last=Livingston | first=D. M. | title=The Master of Light: A Biography of Albert A. Michelson | url=https://archive.org/details/masteroflightbio0000livi | year=1973 | isbn=0-226-48711-3}}
*{{cite book | last=Levy | first=Harriet Lane | title=920 O'Farrell Street | url=https://archive.org/details/920ofarrellstree00levy_0 | publisher=Heyday Books | year=1996 | location=Berkeley | isbn=0-930588-91-6}}

== Dagiti akinruar a silpo ==
{{Wikiquote-inline}}
{{Commonscat-inline}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20140630084737/http://www.nasonline.org/publications/biographical-memoirs/memoir-pdfs/michelson-a-a.pdf Biograpiko a Pammalagip ti Nailian nga Akademaia dagiti Siensia]
* [http://www.aip.org/history/gap/Michelson/Michelson.html Biag ken dagiti Obra ni Michelson manipud ti Americkano nga Instituto ti Pisika] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120716182659/http://www.aip.org/history/gap/Michelson/Michelson.html |date=2012-07-16 }}

{{Premio Nobel iti Pisika}}

{{Kontrol ti autoridad}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Michelson, Albert Abraham}}
[[Kategoria:1852 a pannakaipasngay]]
[[Kategoria:1931 nga ipupusay]]
[[Kategoria:Dagiti Nobel a laureado iti Pisika]]

{{bio-pungol}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Gustaf Dalén</title>
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      <text bytes="2322" sha1="b2b1trqnzrzmleqacefcpoi446m88zu" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox sientista
| name        = Gustaf Dalén
| image       = Nils Gustaf Dalén.jpg
| birth_name  = Nils Gustaf Dalén
| birth_date  = {{Petsa ti pannakaipasngay|1869|11|30|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Falköping|Stenstorp]], [[Västergötland]], [[Suesia]]
| death_date  = {{Petsa ti ipupusay ken tawen|1937|12|9|1869|11|30|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Lidingö]], [[Estokolmo]], Suesia
| nationality = [[Tattao a Sueko|Sueko]]
| field       = [[Pisika]], mekanikal nga inhennieria
| workplaces  = [[AGA AB|AGA]]
| alma_mater  = [[Unibersidad ti Teknolohia ti Chalmers]], Polytechnikum, [[Zürich]]
| doctoral_advisor = &lt;!--pls insert--&gt;
| doctoral_students =  &lt;!--pls insert--&gt;
| known_for   = [[Balbula ti Init]] ken dagiti dadduma pay a regulatora itiparola
| prizes      = [[Premio Nobel iti Pisika]] (1912)
}}

Ni '''Nils Gustaf Dalén'''  (30 Nobiembre 1869 – 9 Disiembre 1937) ket maysa idi a Sueko a [[Premio Nobel iti Pisika]] ken industrialista, ti pundador ti kompania ti [[AGA AB|AGA]] ken inbentor ti [[paglutuan nga AGA]] ken ti [[silaw Dalén]]. Idi 1912, isu nagungunaan iti [[Premio Nobel iti Pisika]] para iti &quot;panagparnuayna kadagiti [[Balbula ti Init|automatiko a regulatura]] para iti kakuyog a panag-usar kadagiti akumulador iti alingasaw para iti panagsilaw kadagiti [[parola]] ken dagiti [[boya]]&quot;.

==Dagiti nagibasaran==
{{Reflist}}

==Adu pay a mabasbasa==
* Clark, R.N. &quot;Nils Gustaf Dalén (1869-1937): Inbentor, agsubsubok, inhenniero, aken nobel a laureado.&quot; ''IEEE control systems magazine'' (2003). v. 23 (4), pp.&amp;nbsp;68–70. {{doi|10.1109/MCS.2003.1213605}}

== Dagiti akinruar a silpo ==
{{Commonscat-inline|Gustaf Dalén}}
*[http://nobelprize.org/physics/laureates/1912/dalen-bio.html nobelprize.org: Biograpia ni Gustaf Dalén]
* [http://www.aga.com/web/web2000/com/wppcom.nsf/pages/History_Biography Ni GustafDalen Gustaf Dalén] {{Natay a silpo|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} manipud ti korporasion ti AGA 
* {{iti sao|sv}} [http://www.dalenmuseet.se/ Ti Museo Dalén], ti museo idiay [[Stenstorp]] a mangramrambak kenni Dalén

{{Premio Nobel iti Pisika}}

{{Kontrol ti autoridad}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dalen, Gustaf}}
[[Kategoria:1869 a pannakaipasngay]]
[[Kategoria:1937 nga ipupusay]]
[[Kategoria:Dagiti Nobel a laureado iti Pisika]]

{{bio-pungol}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Robert Andrews Millikan</title>
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      <text bytes="5565" sha1="ag8gd6vl3au9li75gqqii23gu15h3n4" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox sientista
| name              = Robert A. Millikan
| image             = Robert Andrews Millikan 1920s.jpg
| image_size        = 180px
| birth_name        = Robert Andrews Millikan
| birth_date        = {{Petsa ti pannakaipasngay|mf=yes|1868|3|22}}
| birth_place       = [[Morrison, Illinois]], Estados Unidos
| nationality       = [[Estados Unidos]]
| death_date        = {{Petsa ti ipupusay ken tawen|mf=yes|1953|12|19|1868|3|22}}
| death_place       = [[San Marino, California]], Estados Unidos
| field             = [[Pisika]]
| workplaces        =
{{Plainlist |
* [[Unibersidad ti Chicago]]
* [[Instituto ti Teknolohia ti California]]
}}
| alma_mater        =
{{Plainlist |
* [[Kolehio Oberlin]]
* [[Unibersidad ti Columbia]]
}}
| thesis_title      = Iti polarisasion ti naiparuar a lawag manipud kadagiti rabaw ti inkandessente a solido ken likido.
| thesis_url        = http://clio.columbia.edu/catalog/1883118
| thesis_year       = 1895
| doctoral_advisor  =
{{Plainlist |
* [[Michael I. Pupin]]
* [[Albert A. Michelson]]
}}
| doctoral_students =
{{Plainlist |
* [[Chung-Yao Chao]]
* [[Robley D. Evans (pisiko)|Robley D. Evans]]
* [[Harvey Fletcher]]
* [[Charles Christian Lauritsen|C. C. Lauritsen]]
* [[William Hayward Pickering|William Pickering]]
* [[Ralph A. Sawyer]]
}}
| known_for         =
 {{Plainlist |
Karga ti [[elektron]]
Pisika ti [[kosmiko a rayos]]
}}
| prizes            =
{{Plainlist |
* [[Premio Comstock iti Pisika|Premio Comstock]] {{small|(1913)}}&lt;ref name=Comstock&gt;{{cite web
| title             = Comstock Prize in Physics
| url             = http://www.nasonline.org/site/PageServer?pagename=AWARDS_comstock
| publisher             = National Academy of Sciences
| accessdate             = Pebrero 13, 2011
| archive-date             = 2010-12-29
| archive-url             = https://web.archive.org/web/20101229195326/http://www.nasonline.org/site/PageServer?pagename=AWARDS_comstock
| url-status             = dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Medalia IEEE Edison]] {{small|(1922)}}
* [[Premio Nobel iti Pisika]] {{small|(1923)}}
* [[Medalia Hughes]] {{small|(1923)}}
* [[Medalia ASME]] {{small|(1926)}}
* [[Medalia Franklin]] {{small|(1937)}}
* [[Medalia Oersted]] {{small|(1940)}}
* [[Medalia para iti Dayaw]] {{small|(1949)}}&lt;ref name=Merit&gt;
{{cite news 
| date              = Marso 22, 1949
| title             = Millikan, son, aide get medals of merit
| url               = http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1949/03/22/84201660.html?pageNumber=30
| newspaper         = New York Times 
| accessdate        = Oktubre 27, 2014}}
&lt;/ref&gt;
}}
| spouse            = Greta née Blanchard
| children          = 
{{Plainlist |
* [[Clark Blanchard Millikan|Clark Blanchard]]
* [[Glenn Allan Millikan|Glenn Allan]]
* Max Franklin
}}                    
| module            = {{Infobox military person|embed=yes
| allegiance        = {{wagayway|Estados Unidos iti Amerika}}
| branch            = {{wagayway|Buyot ti Estados Unidos}}&lt;ref name=Bates&gt;
{{cite book 
| last1             = Bates
| first1            = Charles C.
| last2             = Fuller
| first2            = John F. 
| title             = America's Weather Warriors, 1814–1985
| url             = https://archive.org/details/americasweatherw00bate
| publisher         = Texas A&amp;M University Press
| date              = Hulio 1, 1986
| pages             = [https://archive.org/details/americasweatherw00bate/page/17 17]–20
| chapter           = Chapter 2: The Rebirth of Military Meteorology
| isbn              = 978-0890962404
| name-list-style   = amp}}
&lt;/ref&gt;
| serviceyears      = 1917–1918
| rank              = [[File:US-O5 insignia.svg|24px]] [[Teniente Koronel (Estados Unidos)|Teniente Koronel]]
|unit               = [[Aviation Section, U.S. Signal Corps]]
|commands=
}}
| signature         = Robert Andrews Milliken signature.svg
}}

Ni '''Robert A. Millikan''' (Marso 22, 1868 – Disiembre 19, 1953) ket maysa idi nga Amerikano iti eksperimental a [[pisika|pisiko]] a napmmadayawan iti [[Premio Nobel iti Pisika]] isi 1923 para iti panagrukodna iti [[Elementario a karga|elementario a karga ti elektroniko]] ken para iti obrana iti [[potoelektriko nga epekto]].

Ni Millikan ket nagturpos manipud idiay [[Kolehio Oberlin]] idi 1891 ken nakagun-od iti doktorado idiay [[Unibersidad ti Columbia]] idi 1895. Idi 1896 isu ketnagbalin a katakunaynay idiay [[Unibersidad ti Chicago]], nga idiay ket nagbalin a napno a propesor idi 1910. Idi 1909 ni Millikan ket nangirugi kadagiti serie dagiti eksperimento tapno mangikeddeng ti [[elektriko a karga]] nga inawit babaen ti agmaymaysa nga elektron. Isu ket nangirugi babaen ti panagrukod ti kurso dagiti nakarga a tedted ti [[danum]] iti maysa a [[lugar tielektriko]]. Dagiti resulta ket nangisingasing a ti karga kadagiti tedted ket ti nadumaduma nga elementario a karga ti elektroniko,ngem ti eksperimento ket saan a napudno unay a makaawis. Isu ket naggun-od pay kadagiti napudpudno a resulta idi 1910 iti naindayegan a [[eksperimento ti tedted ti lana]] a dayta ket sinukatanna ti danum (a napardas unay a mabawbaw) iti [[lana]].

== Dagiti nagibasaran ==
{{Reflist}}

== Dagiti akinruar a silpo ==
{{Commonscat-inline|Robert Andrews Millikan}}
{{wikiquote-inline}}
*[http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1923/millikan-bio.html Biograpia iti website ti premio Nobel]

{{Premio Nobel iti Pisika}}

{{Kontrol ti autoridad}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Millikan, Robert}}
[[Kategoria:1868 a pannakaipasngay]]
[[Kategoria:1953 nga ipupusay]]
[[Kategoria:Dagiti Nobel a laureado iti Pisika]]

{{bio-pungol}}</text>
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    <title>Hagia Sophia</title>
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|monument_name   = Hagia Sophia&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;Ayasofya (Turko)&lt;br /&gt;Ἁγία Σοφία (Griego)&lt;br /&gt;Sancta Sophia (Latin)&lt;/small&gt;
|native_name    =
|image       = Hagia Sophia Mars 2013.jpg
|caption      = Hagia Sophia, Istanbul
|location     = [[Istanbul]] (naipakasaritaan a [[Konstantinopla]]), [[Turkia]]
|designer     =  [[Isidoro ti Mileto]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Antemio ti Tralles]]
|type       =
* [[Imperio a Bisantino|Bisantino]] a Katedral ti [[Simbaan a Katoliko|Romano Katoliko]] (537–1054)
* Katedral ti [[Griego nga Ortodokso]] (1054–1204)
* Katedral ti [[Simbaan a Latin|Romano Katoliko]] (1204–1261)
* Katedral ti [[Griego nga Ortodokso]] (1261–1453)
* Meskita ti [[Imperio nga Otomano|Otomano]] (1453–1931)
* Museo (1935–agdama)
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|map_name       = Turkia Istanbul
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{{Infobox Lugar a Tawid ti Lubong
| Part_of   = [[Historiko a Luglugar ti Istanbul]]
| Criteria  = Kultural: i, ii, iii, iv
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Ti '''Hagia Sophia''' (manipud iti {{Lang-el|Ἁγία Σοφία}}, &quot;[[Sofia (kinasaririt)|Nasantuan a Kinasaririt]]&quot;; {{lang-la|Sancta Sophia}} wenno ''Sancta Sapientia''; {{lang-tr|Ayasofya}}) ket ti dati a [[Ekumenikal a Patriarka ti Konstantinopla|patriarko]] a [[basilika]] ti [[Simbaan ti Griego nga Ortodokso|Griego]] nga [[Simbaan ti Akindaya nga Ortodokso|Ortodokso]] ([[Simbaan (pasdek)|simbaan]]), ken kalpasanna ti imperial a [[meskita]], ken itan ket museo (Ayasofya Müzesi) idiay [[Istanbul]], [[Turkia]]. Manipud iti petsa a pannakaipatakderna idi 537 aginggana idi 1453, daytoy ket nagserbi a kas maysa a [[katedral]] ti [[Simbaan ti Akindaya nga Ortodokaso|Akindaya nga Ortodokso]] ken tugaw ti [[Ekumenikal a Patriarka ti Konstantinopla|Iglesia ti Konstantinopla]],&lt;ref name=mw112&gt;Müller-Wiener (1977), p. 112.&lt;/ref&gt; malaksid idi baetan ti 1204 ken 1261, idi daytoy ket napagbaliwen iti katedral ti Romano a Katoliko babaen ti [[Latin nga Imperio]]. Ti pasdek ket meskita manipud idi 29 Mayo 1453 aginggana idi 1931. Daytoy idi ket [[Sekularidad|naisekularisado]] ken nalukatan a kas museo idi  Pebrero 1, 1935.&lt;ref&gt;Magdalino, Paul, et al. &quot;Istanbul: Buildings, Hagia Sophia&quot; in Grove Art Online. Oxford Art Online. http://www.oxfordartonline.com. accessed 28 Pebrero 2010.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ti simbaan ket nairuknoy idi iti ''[[Berbo (Kristianidad)#Berbo akas Lubong, Kinasaririt, Rebelasion ti Daan a Testamento|KInasaririt ti Dios]]'', ti [[Berbo (Kristianidad)|Berbo]], ti maikadua a persona ti [[Nasantuan a Trinidad]],&lt;ref name=ja471&gt;Janin (1953), p. 471.&lt;/ref&gt; ti [[piesta ti patron]]na a mapasamak iti Disiembre 25, ti [[Paskua|komemorasion iti pannakaipasngay]] ti [[Inkarnasion (Kristianidad)|inkarnasion]] iti Berbo ni Kristo.&lt;ref name=ja471 /&gt; Urayno sagpaminsan pay a tinawtawagan a kas ti Sancta Sophia (a kas nainaganan kenni [[Sofia ti Martir|Santa Sofia]]), ti ''sophia'' a kas ti ponetiko a panangiletra iti [[Pagsasao a Latin|Latin]] iti Griego a balikas para iti kinasaririt, ti napno a naganna iti Griego ket {{lang|grc|Ναός τῆς Ἁγίας τοῦ Θεοῦ Σοφίας}}, &quot;Altar ti Nasantuan a Kinasaririt ti Dios&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last = McKenzie|first = Steven L.|others= M. Patrick Graham|title = The Hebrew Bible Today: An Introduction to Critical Issues|url = http://books.google.com/books?id=owwhpmIVgSAC&amp;pg=PA149&amp;dq=%22Jesus+Christ+as+the+Holy+Wisdom+of+God%22#v=onepage&amp;=%22Jesus%20Christ%20as%20the%20Holy%20Wisdom%20of%20God%22&amp;f=false|publisher=Westminster John Knox Press|location=Louisville, KY|year = 1998|page=149|isbn =0-664-25652-X }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last = Binns|first = John|title = An Introduction to the Christian Orthodox Churches|url = http://books.google.com/books?id=MOA5vfSl3dwC&amp;pg=PA57&amp;dq=%22Its+dedication+to+the+Wisdom+of+God+identified+it+with+Christ%22#v=onepage&amp;q=%22Its%20dedication%20to%20the%20Wisdom%20of%20God%20identified%20it%20with%20Christ%22&amp;f=false|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|year = 2002|page=57|isbn =0-521-66738-0}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Daytoy ket naidayegan iti dakkel a [[simborio]]na, daytoy ket naikeddeng a kaipukpokan ti [[Bisantino nga arkitektura]]&lt;ref name=BAT&gt;{{cite book | last1=Fazio|first1=Michael|last2=Moffett|first2=Marian|last3=Wodehouse|first3=Lawrence | title = Buildings Across Time | edition = maika-3 | isbn = 978-0-07-305304-2 | publisher = McGraw-Hill Higher Education | year = 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; ken naibagbaga a &quot;nangbaliw ti pakasaritaan ti arkitektura&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;nytimes&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/1993/08/22/travel/center-of-ottoman-power.html|title=Center of Ottoman Power|work=New York Times|last= Simons|first=Marlise |accessdate=4 Hunio 2009 | date=22 Agosto 1993}}&lt;/ref&gt; Daytoy ket nagtultuloy nga isu ti kadakkelan a katedral para kadagiti gangani a rinibu a tawen, aginggana idi nakompleto ti [[Katedral Seville]] idi 1520.
Ti agdama a pasdek ket kasisigud idi a naipatakder a kas simbaan idi baetan ti 532 ken 537 kadagiti bilin ni [[Bisantino nga Imperio|Bisantino nga Emperador]] [[Justiniano I]] ken isu idi ti maikatlo a simbaan ti Nasantuan a Kinasaririt a naipatakder iti dayta a lugar, dagiti dua a dati ket dinadael babaen dagiti nagwewelga. Daytoy ket dinaremdem babaen dagiti [[Tattao a Griego|Griego]] a sientista a ni [[Isidoro ti Mileto]] ken ni [[Antemio ti Tralles]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last = Kleiner|first = Fred S.|author2=Christin J. Mamiya|title = Gardner's Art Through the Ages: Volume I, Chapters 1–18|publisher=Wadsworth|location= Mason, OH|edition=maika-12|year = 2008|page=329|isbn =0-495-46740-5}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ti simbaan ket nakaala ti adu nga urnong dagiti [[Relikia|nasantuan a relikia]] ken nagipakpakita iti ken dadduma pay a banbanag, ti {{pagbaliwen|15|m|ft|adj=on}} a pirak nga [[ikonostasio]] . Ti kangrunaan a pakaimatangan ti [[Simbaan ti  Akindaya nga Ortodokso]] kadagiti gangani a sangaribu a tawen, ti pasdek ket nakasaksi iti [[ekskomunikasion]] ti Patriarka a ni [[Miguel I Cerulario]] iti paset ni [[Papa Leon IX]] idi 1054, ti maysa a tignay a kadawyan a naikeddeng a kas ti rugi ti [[Panagsina ti Daya-Laud|Nalatak a Panagsina]].

Idi 1453, ti [[Pannakatnang ti Konstantinopla|Konstantinopla ket pinarukma]] babaen dagiti [[Otomano nga Imperio|Otomano a Turko]] babaen ni Sultan [[Mehmed II]], a nagbalin iti daytoy a nangruna a simbaan ti Ortodokso a Kristianidad ket maipagbaliwen iti maysa a meskita. Bababaen iti dayta a panawen, ti simbaan ket saanen a natartaripato. Uray no kasta, ti katedral ti Kristiano ket nakaaramid iti napigsa nga impresion kadagioti baro a nga Otomano nga agturturay ken inkeddengda a pagbaliwen iti maysa a meskita.&lt;ref name=&quot;http://www.livescience.com/27574-hagia-sophia.html&quot;&gt;[http://www.livescience.com/27574-hagia-sophia.html].&quot; LiveScience.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;archnet.org&quot;&gt;&quot;[http://archnet.org/library/sites/one-site.jsp?site_id=2966 Hagia Sophia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090105062813/http://archnet.org/library/sites/one-site.jsp?site_id=2966 |date=2009-01-05 }}.&quot; ArchNet.&lt;/ref&gt; Dagiti kampana, altar, ikonostasio, ken dagiti sakripisial a basiha ken dagiti dadduma pay a relikia ket naikkat ken dagiti [[mosaiko]] a mangipakpakita kenni Hesus, ket ni Inana a Maria, dagiti Kristiano a Santo ken dagiti anghel ket naikkatda pay wenno natakepan iti plaster. Dagiti [[Islamiko nga arkitekturae|Islamiko a langa]] – a kas ti [[mihrab]], [[minbar]], ken dagiti uppat a [[minaret]] – ket nainayon idi. Daytoy ket nagtultuloy a meskita aginggana idi 1931, idi daytoy ket narikpan iti publiko kadagiti uppat a tawen. Daytoy ket nalukatan manen idi 1935 a kas maysa a museo babaen ti Republika ti [[Turkia]]. Ti Haghia Sophia ket isu ti agdama a (2014) maikadu a a kaaduan a nabisbisita a museo idiay Turkia, ken nangaw-awis kadagiti gangani a 3.3 riwriw nga agbisbisita iti tinawen.&lt;ref name=mus&gt;{{cite news|title=Top 10: Turkey’s most visited museums|url=http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/top-10-turkeys-most-visited-museums.aspx?pageID=238&amp;nID=74133&amp;NewsCatID=385|work=Hürriyet Daily News|date=10 Nobiembre 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Manipud iti immuna a pannakabaliwna aginggana iti pannakaipatakder ti asideg a dakdakkel a [[Meskita Sultan Ahmed (Istanbul)|Meskita Sultan Ahmed]] (Asul a Meskita ti Istanbul) idi 1616, daytoy idi ti kangrunaa a meskita ti Istanbul. Ti Hagia Sophia ket nagserbi a kas inspirasion para kadagiti dadduma nga adu a meskita, a kas ti Asul a Meskita, ti [[Meskita Şehzade]], ti [[Meskita Süleymaniye]], ti [[Meskita Rüstem Pasha]] ken ti [[Meskita Kılıç Ali Paşa]].

== Pakasaritaan ==
=== Immuna a simbaan ===
[[Papeles:HagiaSophia DomeVerticalPano (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|upright|Iti uneg a pakakitaan ti Hagia Sophia, a mangipakpakita kadagit Islamiko nga elemento Islamic iti ngato ti kangrunaan a simborio.]]
Ti immuna a simbaan iti daytoy a lugar ket ammo idi a kas ti {{lang|grc|Μεγάλη Ἐκκλησία}} (''Megálē Ekklēsíā'', &quot;Nalatak a Simbaan&quot;), wenno iti [[Pagsasao a Latin|Latin]] &quot;Magna Ecclesia&quot;,&lt;ref name=mw84&gt;Müller-Wiener (1977), p. 84.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Great Church&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.virtualworldheritage.org/papers/3181_976-Virtual_Hagia_Sophia.pdf|format=PDF|title=Virtual Hagia Sophia: Restitution, Visualization and Virtual Life Simulation|accessdate=3 Hulio 2007|author=Alessandro E. FONI|author2=George PAPAGIANNAKIS|author3=Nadia MAGNENAT-THALMANN|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070709194035/http://www.virtualworldheritage.org/papers/3181_976-Virtual_Hagia_Sophia.pdf|archivedate=2007-07-09|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; gapu kadagiti dakdakkel a dimensionna no maiyasping kadagiti kontemporaneo a simbaan iti Siudad.&lt;ref name=ja471 /&gt; Nailukat idi 15 Pebrero 360 (idi las-ud ti turay ni [[Constancio II]]) babaen ti [[Arianismo|Ariano]] nga obispo a ni [[Eudosio ti Antiokuia]],&lt;ref name=ja472&gt;Janin (1953), p. 472.&lt;/ref&gt; daytoy ket nabangon iti asideg ti lugar nga ayan ti nakabangbangonan ti imperial a plasio. Iti asideg a simbaan ti [[Hagia Irene|Hagia Eirene]] (&quot;Nasantuan a Kappia&quot;) ket nasapsapa a nakompleto ken nagserbi a kas katedral aginggana idi nakompleto ti Nalatak a Simbaan. Dagitoy dua a simbaan ket nagtignayda a kas dagiti nangruna a simbaan iti Bisantino nga Imperio.

Iti panagsursuratna idi 440, ni [[Sokrates ti Konstantinopla]] ket nagtunton a ti simbaan ket binangon babaen ni [[Constancio II]], nga isu ket nagob-obra iti daytoy idi 346.&lt;ref name=ja472 /&gt; Ti tradision a saan a nadadaan ngem ti maika-7 – maika-8 a siglo, dagiti reporta a ti pasdek ket binangon idi babaen ni [[Konstantino ti Natan-ok]].&lt;ref name=ja472 /&gt; Ni [[John Zonaras|Zonaras]] ket inpatunosna dagitoy dua a pamanunotan, a nagsursurat a ni Constancio ket sinimpana idi ti pasdek nga inkonsekrado babaen ni [[Eusebio ti Nicomedia]], kalpasan idi narebba.&lt;ref name=ja472 /&gt; Gapu ta ni Eusebio ket isu idi ti obispo ti Konstantinopla manipud idi 339 aginggana idi 341, ken ni Konstantino ket pimmusay idi 337, daytoy ket mabalin a ti immuna a simbaan ket binangon babaen ti naud-udi.&lt;ref name=ja472 /&gt; Ti pasdek ken nabangon a kas tradisional a nakolumnata a basilika nga addaan kadagiti galeria ken ti tarikayo nga atep. Daytoy ket sinarunuanna ti [[atrio (arkitektura|atro]]. Daytoy ket naitunton idi a kas maysa kadagiti naisangayan a monumento iti lubong iti dayta a panawen.

Ti Patriarka ti Konstantinopla a ni [[John Chrysostom]] ken nakisinnupiat kenni Empresa [[Aelia Eudoxia]], asawa ni emperador [[Arcadio]], ken naeksilo idi 20 Hunio 404. Idi las-ud dagiti simmarsaruno a yaalsa, daytoy nga immuna a simbaan ket kaaduan a napuoran.&lt;ref name=ja472 /&gt; Awan dagiti nabatbati iti daytoy a simbaan tatta nga aldaw.

=== Maikadua a simbaan ===
[[Papeles:Istanbul.Hagia Sophia009.jpg|thumb|Dagiti tidda ti bato ti basilika nga inbilin babaen ni Teodosio II, a mangipakpakita ti [[Agnus Dei|Karnerio ti Dios]]]]
[[Papeles:Hagia Sophia Theodosius 2007 010.JPG|thumb|Dagiti muton ti marmol manipud iti maikadua a simbaan]]
Ti maikadua a simbaan ket inbilin idi babaen ni [[Teodosio II]], nga isu ket nanglukat iti daytoy idi 10 Oktubre 415. Ti basilika ket addaan iti kayo nga atep ken binagon idi babaen ni arkitekto Rufino. Nairugi a nauram daytoy iti las-ud ti nariro a [[Dagiti yaalsa ti Nika|Gulo ti Nika]] ken nangpuor ti maikadua a Hagia Sophia idi 13–14 Enero 532.

Iti agdama nga aldaw adda met dagiti nabati a nadumaduma a muton ti marmol manipud iti maikadua a simbaan; kadagitoy ket [[riliebo]] a mangipakpakita kadagiti 12 a karnero a mangireprepresenta kadagit 12 nga apostol. Kasisigud idi daytoy a paset iti monumental a sumrekan iti sango, dagitoy ket adda itan idiay iti maysa a nagkalian nga abut ti asideg ti sumrekan ti museo kalpasan idi naduktalan dagitoy idi 1935 iti sirok ti akinlaud a parangan babaen ni A. M. Schneider. Ti adu a panagkalkali ket naisardeng gapu iti panagbuteng a madadael ti integridad ti pasdek.

=== Maikatlo a simbaan (agdama nga estruktura) ===
Idi 23 Pebrero 532, iti manmano laeng a lawas kalpasan ti pannakadadael ti maikadua a basilika, ni Emerador [[Justiniano I]] ket nangikeddeng a mangbangon iti maiaktlo ken intero a sabali a basilika, dakdakkel ken nangayngayed ngem dagiti sinarunona.[[Papeles:38-manasses-chronicle.jpg|thumb|left|Pannakabangon ti simbaan a naipakita iti kodise ti Kroniko ti Manases (maika-14 a siglo)]]

Ni Justiniano ket pinilina ni pisiko [[Isidoro ti Mileto]] ken ni matematiko [[Antemio ti Tralles]] a kas dagiti arkitekto; nupay kasta ni Antemio ket pimmusay iti uneg ti maysa a tawen iti daytoy a panagobra. Ti panagbangon ket naibaga iti ''Kadagiti Pasdek'' (''Peri ktismatōn'', Latin: ''De aedificiis'') babaen ni Bisantino a historiador [[Procopio]]. Nangiyeg ti emperador kadagiti material manipud kadagiti amin a paset ti imperio – kas dagiti [[Helenistiko nga arte|Helenistiko nga adigi]] manipud iti [[Templo ni Artemisa]] idiay [[Efeso]], ldagiti dakkel a bato manipud kadagiti pagbatuan iti [[Porfido (heolohia)|porfido]] manipud idiay [[Ehipto]], berde a marmol manipud idiay [[Tesalia]], nangisit a bato manipud idiay rehion ti [[Bosporo]], ken duyaw a bato manipud idiay [[Siria]]. Ad-adu ngem sangapulo a ribo ti nagob-obra. Daytoy a baro a simbaan ket konteporaneo a nabigbigan a kas nangruna nga obra iti arkitektura. Dagiti teoria ni [[Heron ti Alejandria]] ket mabalin idi a nausar tapno mabanagan dagiti parikut a naipresenta babaen ti panagbangon iti kasata a dakkel a simborio iti dakkel nga espasio. Ti emperador ken kakuyogna ti [[Menas ti Konstantinopla|Patriarka ti Menas]], ketlinukatanda ti basilika idi 27 Disiembre 537 – 5 a tawtawen ken 10 a bulbulan kalpasan ti rugi ti panagbangon.&lt;ref name=mw86&gt;Müller-Wiener (1977), p. 86.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;The Chronicle of John Malalas,&quot;  Bk 18.86 Translated by E. Jeffreys, M. Jeffreys, and R. Scott. Australian Association of Byzantine Studies, 1986 vol 4.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;The Chronicle of Theophones Confessor: Byzantine and Near Eastern History AD 284-813.&quot; Translated with commentary by Cyril Mango and Roger Scott. AM 6030 pg 316, with this note: Theophanes' precise date should be accepted.&lt;/ref&gt; Dagiti mosaiko iti uneg ti simbaan, nupay kasta, ket nakompleto laeng babaen ti turay ni Emperador [[Justino II]] (565–578).

Ti Hagia Sophia ket isu idi ti tugaw ti [[Ekumenikal a Patriarka ti Konstantinopla|Ortodokso a patriarka ti Konstantinopla]] ken ti nangruna a lugar dagiti imperial a seremonia ti Bisantino, kas dagiti koronasion. Kasla met dagiti sabali a simbaan iti amin a paset ti Kinakristiano, ti basilika ket nangidaton iti santuario manipud iti persekusion kadagiti managlabsing iti linteg.

Dagiti gingined idi Agosto 553 ken idi 14 Disiembre 557 ket nagpataud kadagiti birri iti nangruna a simborio ken ti akindaya a gudua a simborio. Kompleto a narebba ti nangruna a simborio idi las-ud ti simmaruno a gingined idi  7 Mayo 558,&lt;ref name=&quot;Jan_1&quot;&gt;{{cite book
 | last=Janin
 | first= Raymond
 | title=Constantinople Byzantine
 | publisher=Institut Français d'Etudes Byzantines
 | location=Paris
 | language=Pranses
 | edition=1
 | page=41
 | year=1950
}}&lt;/ref&gt; a nagdadael iti [[Ambon (liturhia)|ambon]], altar, ken ti [[Ciborio (arkitektura)|ciborio]]. Ti pannakadadael ket gapu ti adu unay baklay a karga ken ti adu unay a panagtukkol a karga ti simborio a nadalumpinas unay.&lt;ref name=mw86&gt;Müller-Wiener (1977), p. 86.&lt;/ref&gt; Dagitoy ti gapu ti panagpaalas ti langa dagiti adigi a nagsarapa iti simborio.&lt;ref name=mw86 /&gt; Ti emperador ket nagbilin iti dagus a panagsimpa. Inbilinna daytoy kenni Isidoro ti Ub-ubing, ti kaanakan a lalaki ni Isidoro ti Mileto, nga isu ket nagus-usar kadagiti nalaglag-an a material ken inpangatona ti simborio babaen dagiti &quot;30 a kadapan&quot;&lt;ref name=mw86 /&gt; (agarup a {{pagbaliwen|6.25|m|ft|sp=us}}) – ken nangited daytoy iti akin-uneg a katayag ti pasdek iti {{pagbaliwen|55.6|m|ft|sp=us}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=haghiasophia-istanbul-turkey |title=Haghia Sophia |location=Istanbul / |publisher=Emporis |accessdate=4 Disiembre 2011 |archive-date=2007-04-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070422015456/http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=haghiasophia-istanbul-turkey |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iti pay maipatinayon, ni Isidoro ket binaliwanna ti kita ti simborio, nagipatakder iti naparagpagan a simborio nga adda kadagiti [[pechina]], a dagiti diametroda ket dagiti nagbaetan ti 32.7 ken 33.5&amp;nbsp;m.&lt;ref name=mw86 /&gt; Babaen kadagiti bilin ni Justiniano, walo kadagiti [[Konrinsio a bilin|Korinsio nga adigi]] ket narakrak manipud idiay [[Baalbek]], Lebanon, ken naipatulod idiay Konstantinopla idi agarup a 560.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url=http://www.stoneworld.com/articles/baalbek-keeps-its-secrets|title=Baalbek keeps its secrets|publisher=stoneworld}}&lt;/ref&gt; Daytoy a panagbangon manen a mangited iti agdama a maiak-16 a siglo a porma ti simbaan, ket nakompleto idi 562. Ti Bisantino a mannaniw a ni [[Pablo ti Silensiario]] ket nagsurat iti atiddog a daniw (adda pay laeng), nga ammo kas ''[[Ekprasis]]'', para iti panangiruknoy manenn ti basilika nga indauluan babaen ni [[Eutikuio ti Konstantinopla|Patriarka Eutikuio]] idi 23 Disiembre 562.

Idi 726, ni emperador [[Leon III ti Isauria|Leon ti Isauria]] ket nangited kadagiti serye ti edikto kadagiti panagraraem kadagiti ladawan, ken nagbilbilin iti buyot a mangdadael amin kadagiti ikono – ken nangrugian daytoy iti paset ti panawen ti [[Bisantino nga Ikonoklasia|Bisantino nga ikonoklasia]]. Iti dayta a panawen, amin dagiti relihioso a ladawan ken dagiti estatua ket naikkat manipud iti Hagia Sophia. Kalpasan ti nabiit a panaginana babaen ti turay ni Empresa [[Irene (empresa)|Irene]] (797–802), nagsubli met ti ikonoklasia. Ni Emperador [[Teofilo (emperador)|Teofilo]] (829–842) ket napigsa idi a naimpluensiaan babaen ti [[Islamiko nga arte]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/routledg/calm/2004/00000016/00000001/art00004 |title=The Abbasid palace of Theophilus: Byzantine taste for the arts of |publisher=Ingentaconnect.com |date=1 Marso 2004 |accessdate=26 Pebrero 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; a mangiparit ti representasion dagiti sibibiag a parsua.&lt;ref&gt;Brubaker (2011), p. 115&lt;/ref&gt; Isu ket addaan idi kaadgiti dua a napayakan a bronse a ruangan nga addaan kadagiti bukodna a [[monograma]] a naisaad idiay akin-abagatan a sumrekan ti simbaan.

Ti basilika ket nagsagsagaba iti pannakadadael, ti immuna ket ti dakkel a puor idi 859, ken manen ti maysa a gingined idi Enero 8, 869 a nakarebbaan ti gudua a simborio. Ni Emperador [[Basilio I]] ket inbilinna a masimpa ti simbaan.

Kalpasan ti nalatak a gingined idi 25 Oktubre 989 a nakarebbaan ti akinlaud  nga arko ti simborio, ni Emperador [[Basilio II]] ket dinamagna ti Armenio nga arkitekto a ni [[Tiridates ti Aktekto|Tiridates]], ti nagpartuat kadagiti nalatak a simbaan ti [[Ani (siudad)|Ani]] ken Argina a mangimaton kadagiti panagsimpa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last=Maranci|first=Christina|url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/3592516|title=The Architect Trdat: Building Practices and Cross-Cultural Exchange in Byzantium and Armenia]|journal=Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians|volume=62|issue=3|date=Septiembre 2003|pp=294–305}}&lt;/ref&gt; Binangonna manen ken pinatibkerna ti narebba nga arko ti simbaan, ken binangonna manen ti akinlaud a bangir ti simborio kadagiti 15 a paragpag ti simborio.&lt;ref name=mw87&gt;Müller-Wiener (1977), p. 87.&lt;/ref&gt; Ti kakaro ti dadael ket nakasapul iti innem a tawen iti panagsimpa ken panangibangon manen; ti simbaan ket nalukatan manen idi 13 Mayo 994. Idi patingga ti panagbangon manen, napabaro met dagiti dekorasion ti simbaan, ken mairaman kadagiti panaginayon kadagiti pinintaan dagiti uppat a dadakkel a querobin, ti baro a depiksion ni Kristo iti simborio, ken iti abside ti baro a depiksion ni Birhen Maria a nagbaetan kada apostol Pedro ken Pablo.&lt;ref name=ma287&gt;Mamboury (1953) p. 287&lt;/ref&gt; Idiay nalatak a bangir dagiti arko ket dagiti napintaan dagiti propeta ken dagiti manursuro iti simbaan.&lt;ref name=ma287 /&gt;

Iti librona iti ''[[De Ceremoniis|De caerimoniis aulae Byzantinae]]'' (&quot;Libro dagiti Seremonia&quot;), ni Emperador [[Konstantino VII]] (913–919) ken nagsurat iti nasalaysayan a panaglagip kadagiti seremonia a naaramid idiay Hagia Sophia babaen ti emperador ken ti patriarka.

[[Papeles:Henricus Dandolo grób RB1.jpg|thumb|Ti maika-19 a siglo a panagmarka ti tanem ni [[Enrico Dandolo]], ti [[Dogo ti Benesia|Dogo]] ti [[Republika ti Benesia|Benesia]] a nagbilin iti [[Maikapat a Krusada|Panagraut iti Konstantinopla]] idi 1204, iti uneg ti Hagia Sophia]]

== Dagiti nagibasaran ==
{{Reflist}}

== Bibliograpia ==
* {{cite book
 | last1=Boyran
 | first1=Ebru
 | last2=Fleet
 | first2=Kate
 | title=A social History of Ottoman Istanbul
 | publisher=Cambridge University Press
 | location=Cambridge
 | year=2010
 | isbn=978-0-521-19955-1
}}
* {{cite book
|last1=Brubaker
|first1=Leslie
|last2=Haldon
|first2=John
|title=Byzantium in the Iconoclast era (ca 680–850)
|url=https://archive.org/details/byzantiuminicono0000brub
|publisher=Cambridge University Press
|location=Cambridge
|year=2011
|isbn=978-0-521-43093-7
}}
* [http://www.islamicarchitecture.org/architecture/monuments/hagia.sophia.html Hagia Sophia Church], also known as Church of Holy Wisdom.
* ''Hagia Sophia''. [http://www.hagiasophia.com/]. Accessed 23 Sept 2014.
* {{cite book
 | last=Hoffman
 | first= Volker
 | title=Die Hagia Sophia in Istanbul
 | publisher=Lang
 | location=Bern
 | year=1999
 | language=Aleman
 | isbn = 3-906762-81-5
}}
* {{cite book | last=Janin | first= Raymond
| title=La Géographie Ecclésiastique de l'Empire Byzantin. 1. Part: Le Siège de Constantinople et le Patriarcat Oecuménique. 3rd Vol. : Les Églises et les Monastères | publisher=Institut Français d'Etudes Byzantines | location=Paris
 | year=1953}}
* {{cite book|last=Mainstone|first= Rowland J.|year=1997|title= Hagia Sophia: Architecture, Structure, and Liturgy of Justinian's Great Church (reprint edition)|url=https://archive.org/details/hagiasophiaarchi0000main|publisher=W W Norton &amp; Co Inc.|isbn= 0-500-27945-4}}.
* {{cite book|last=Mamboury|first=Ernest|title=The Tourists' Istanbul|publisher=Çituri Biraderler Basımevi|location=Istanbul|year=1953}}
* {{cite book
 | last=Müller-Wiener
 | first= Wolfgang
 | title=Bildlexikon zur Topographie Istanbuls: Byzantion, Konstantinupolis, Istanbul bis zum Beginn d. 17 Jh
 | publisher=Wasmuth
 | location=Tübingen
 | year=1977
 | isbn = 978-3-8030-1022-3
 | language=Aleman
}}
* {{cite book
 | last=Necipoĝlu
 | first= Gulru
 | title=The Age of Sinan: Architectural Culture in the Ottoman Empire
 | publisher=Reaktion Books
 | location=Londres
 | year=2005
 | isbn = 978-1-86189-244-7
}}
* {{cite book
|last1=Ronchey
|first1=Silvia
|last2=Braccini
|first2=Tommaso
| title=Il romanzo di Costantinopoli. Guida letteraria alla Roma d'Oriente
|url=https://archive.org/details/ilromanzodicosta0000ronc
|publisher=Einaudi
|location=Torino
| year=2010
|language=Italiano
|isbn=978-88-06-18921-1
}}
* Runciman, Steven (1965). [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=CJz8BCdxlfEC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=The+Fall+of+Constantinople&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=8TioVOK1F8bnUo7NgKAN&amp;ved=0CCIQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&amp;q=The%20Fall%20of%20Constantinople&amp;f=false The Fall of Constantinople], 1453. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 145. {{ISBN|0-521-39832-0}}.
* {{cite book|first =J.|last=Turner|title=Grove Dictionary of Art|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford| year=1996| isbn=0-19-517068-7}}

== Adu pay a mabasbasa ==
* {{cite book
 | last=Alchermes
 | first= Joseph D.
 | contribution= Art and Architecture in the Age of Justinian
 | editor-last=Maas
 | editor-first= Michael
 | title=The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Justinian
 | publisher=Cambridge U.P.
 | location=Cambridge
 | year=2005
 | pages=343–375
 | isbn=978-0-521-52071-3
}}
* {{cite book|last=Balfour|first=John Patrick Douglas|year=1972|title=Hagia Sophia|publisher=W.W. Norton &amp; Company|isbn= 978-0-88225-014-4}}
* {{cite book|last=Cimok|first=Fatih|year=2004|title=Hagia Sophia|publisher=Milet Publishing Ltd|isbn= 978-975-7199-61-8}}
* {{cite book|last=Doumato|first=Lamia|year=1980|title=The Byzantine church of Hagia Sophia: Selected references|publisher=Vance Bibliographies|id=ASIN B0006E2O2M}}
* {{cite book|last=Goriansky|first=Lev Vladimir|year=1933|title=Haghia Sophia: analysis of the architecture, art and spirit behind the shrine in Constantinople dedicated to Hagia Sophia|publisher=American School of Philosophy|id=ASIN B0008C47EA}}
* Harris, Jonathan, ''Constantinople: Capital of Byzantium''. Hambledon/Continuum (2007). {{ISBN|978-1-84725-179-4}}
* {{cite book|last=Howland Swift|first=Emerson|year=1937|title=The bronze doors of the gate of the horologium at Hagia Sophia|publisher=University of Chicago|id=ASIN B000889GIG}}
* {{cite book|last=Kahler|first=Heinz|year=1967|title=Haghia Sophia|url=https://archive.org/details/hagiasophia0000hein|publisher=Praeger|id=ASIN B0008C47EA}}
* {{cite book|last=Kinross|first=Lord|year=1972|title=Hagia Sophia, Wonders of Man|work=Newsweek|id= ASIN B000K5QN9W}}
* {{cite book|last=Kleinbauer|first=W. Eugene|year=2007|author2=Anthony White|title=Hagia Sophia|url=https://archive.org/details/hagiasophia0000klei|publisher=Scala Publishers|location=London|isbn= 978-1-85759-308-2}}
* {{cite book|last=Kleinbauer|first=W. Eugene|year=2000|title=Saint Sophia at Constantinople: Singulariter in Mundo (Monograph (Frederic Lindley Morgan Chair of Architectural Design), No. 5.)|url=https://archive.org/details/saintsophiaatcon0000klei|publisher=William L. Bauhan|isbn= 978-0-87233-123-5}}
* {{cite book|last=Krautheimer|first=Richard|year=1984|title=Early Christian and Byzantine Architecture|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780300052947|publisher=Yale University Press|location=New Haven, CT|isbn= 978-0-300-05294-7}}
* {{cite book|last=Mainstone|first=R. J.|year=1997|title=Hagia Sophia: Architecture, Structure, and Liturgy of Justinian's Great Church|url=https://archive.org/details/hagiasophiaarchi0000main|publisher=Thames &amp; Hudson|location=London|isbn= 978-0-500-27945-8}}
* {{cite book |last= Mainstone |first= Rowland J. |title= Hagia Sophia. Architecture, structure and liturgy of Justinian's great church |url= https://archive.org/details/hagiasophiaarchi0000main_p1a8 |year= 1988 |publisher=Thames &amp; Hudson |location= London |isbn= 0-500-34098-6 }}
* {{cite book |last= Mango |first= Cyril |author2=Ahmed Ertuğ |title= Hagia Sophia. A vision for empires |year= 1997 |location= Istanbul |isbn= }}
* {{cite book|year=1992|first1=R.|last1=Mark|last2=Çakmaktitle|first2=AS.|title=Hagia Sophia from the Age of Justinian to the Present|publisher=Princeton Architectural|isbn=978-1-878271-11-2}}
* {{cite book|last=Nelson|first=Robert S.|year=2004|title=Hagia Sophia, 1850–1950: Holy Wisdom Modern Monument|url=https://archive.org/details/hagiasophia185010000nels|publisher=University Of Chicago Press|location=Chicago|isbn= 978-0-226-57171-3}}
* {{cite book|last=Özkul|first=T. A.|year=2007|title=Structural characteristics of Hagia Sophia: I-A finite element formulation for static analysis|publisher=Elsevier }}
* Scharf, Joachim:''Der Kaiser in Proskynese. Bemerkungen zur Deutung des Kaisermosaiks im Narthex der Hagia Sophia von Konstantinopel.'' In: ''Festschrift Percy Ernst Schramm zu seinem siebzigsten Geburtstag von Schülern und Freunden zugeeignet'', Wiesbaden 1964, S. 27–35.
* {{cite book|last=Swainson|first=Harold|year=2005|title=The Church of Sancta Sophia Constantinople: A Study of Byzantine Building|publisher=Adamant Media Corporation|location=Boston, MA|isbn= 978-1-4021-8345-4}}
* {{cite book|last=Yucel|first=Erdem|year=2005|title=Hagia Sophia|publisher=Scala Publishers|isbn= 978-1-85759-250-4}}
* Weitzmann, Kurt, ed., ''[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p15324coll10/id/156533 Age of spirituality: late antique and early Christian art, third to seventh century]'', no. 592, 1979, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, {{ISBN|978-0-87099-179-0}}

=== Dagiti artikulo ===
* Bordewich, Fergus M., [http://www.smithsonianmag.com/travel/Fading-Glory.html &quot;A Monumental Struggle to Preserve Hagia Sophia&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20130408220718/http://www.smithsonianmag.com/travel/Fading-Glory.html |date=2013-04-08 }}, ''Smithsonian (magazine)'' magazine, Disiembre 2008

=== Dagiti mosaiko ===
* {{cite book|last=MacDonald |first=William Lloyd|year=1951|title=The uncovering of Byzantine mosaics in Hagia Sophia|publisher=Archaeological Institute of America|id=ASIN B0007GZTKS}}
* {{cite book|last=Mango|first=Cyril|year=1972|title=The mosaics of St. Sophia at Istanbul: The church fathers in the north Tympanum|publisher=Dumbarton Oaks Center for Byzantine Studies|id=ASIN B0007CAVA0}}
* {{cite book|last=Mango|first=Cyril|year=1968|title=The Apse mosaics of St. Sophia at Istanbul: Report on work carried out in 1964|publisher=Johnson Reprints|id=ASIN B0007G5RBY}}
* {{cite book|last=Mango|first=Cyril|year=1967|author2=Heinz Kahler|title=Hagia Sophia: With a Chapter on the Mosaics|url=https://archive.org/details/hagiasophia0000hein|publisher=Praeger|id=ASIN B0000CO5IL}}
* {{cite book|last=Teteriatnikov|first=Natalia B.|year=1998|title=Mosaics of Hagia Sophia, Istanbul: The Fossati Restoration and the Work of the Byzantine Institute|url=https://archive.org/details/mosaicsofhagiaso0000tete|publisher=Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection|isbn=978-0-88402-264-0}}
* {{cite book|last1=Riccardi|first1=Lorenzo|title=Alcune riflessioni sul mosaico del vestibolo sud-ovest della Santa Sofia di Costantinopoli, in Vie per Bisanzio. VIII Congresso Nazionale dell’Associazione Italiana di Studi Bizantini (Venezia 25-28 novembre 2009), a cura di Antonio Rigo, Andrea Babuin e Michele Trizio|date=2012|location=Bari|isbn=978-88-7470-229-9|pages=357–371|url=https://www.academia.edu/1867754/Alcune_riflessioni_sul_mosaico_del_vestibolo_sud-ovest_della_Santa_Sofia_di_Costantinopoli|accessdate=30 Septiembre 2014}}
* {{cite book|last=Yücel|first=Erdem|year=1988|title=The mosaics of Hagia Sophia|publisher=Efe Turizm|id=ASIN B0007CBGYA}}

== Dagiti akinruar a silpo ==
{{Commonscat-inline|Hagia Sophia}}
{{Wikisource-inline|Hagia Sophia}}

[[Kategoria:Dagiti museo idiay Istanbul]]
[[Kategoria:Nangruna nga artikulo (atiddog)]]</text>
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    <title>Baybay Pechora</title>
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      <text bytes="6361" sha1="b3j9hbhg459wbevzv6xfp0303v9skv2" xml:space="preserve">[[Papeles:Pechora sea4.PNG|thumb|300px|right|Lokasion ti Baybay Pechora.]]
Ti '''Baybay Pechora''' ({{lang-ru|link=no|Печо́рское мо́ре}}, wenno Pechorskoye More), ket ti baybay idiay amianan a laud ti [[Rusia]], ti abagatan a daya a parte ti [[Baybay Barents]]. Ti akinlaud a pagbeddengan ti baybay ket mabirukan idiay [[Kolguyev|Isla Kolguyev]], bayat a ti akindaya a pagbeddengan ket ti akinlaud nga aplaya ti [[Isla Vaygach]] ken ti [[Peninsula Yugorsky]], ken ti akin-amianan a pagbeddengan ket ti akin-abagatan a patingga ti  [[Novaya Zemlya]].

Ti Baybay Pechora ket ababaw, ti pagtengngaan a kaadalemna ket 6 a metro laeng. Ti kaadaleman a punto ket makabot iti 210 metro. Idiay akin-abagatan a parte ti baybay ket mapan iti agayus nga agpadaya nga [[Anud Kolguyev]]. Adda leng dagiti bassit nga isla nga asideg iti aplaya, ti kadakkelan ket ti [[Isla Dolgiy]].

Ti Baybay Pechora ket maseraan babaen ti tumtumpaw a yelo manipud iti Nobiembre aginggana iti Hunio. Ti nangruna a karayan a sumrek iti baybay ket ti [[Karayan Pechora|Pechora]].

== Pakasaritaan ==
Iti pakasaritaan, sakbay idi kasta a nanaganan ti kaabay a Baybay Barents, naitakder idin ti bukod a nagan ti Baybay Pechora. Ti nabati iti agdama nga aldaw a Baybay Barents ket ammo idi a kas ti &quot;Baybay ti Murmansk&quot; (Murmanskoye Morye).

Ti Baybay Pechora ket naus-usar idi a kas ti pagrugian a punto ti panagsukisok kadagiti naibagbaga a di ammo a nayelo a baybay a mabirukan iti daya. Ti kaasapaan a rehistro ti panagbanniaga iti ballasiw ti Baybay Pechora babaen ti [[Lingsat Yugorsky]] ket inaramid idi babaen ti Ruso nga eksplorador a ni Uleb, manipud idiay [[Nizhny Novgorod]]. Nairehistro idi 1032 ti panaglabas ni Uleb idiay Baybay Kara.

Dagiti Ruso a &quot;[[Tattao a Pomor|Pomor]]&quot;, dagiti agtataeng iti aplaya iti igid ti bayaby ti [[Baybay Puraw]], ket sinukisokda daytoy a baybay ket ti aplaya ti [[Novaya Zemlya]] manipud idi maika-11 a siglo. Ti immuna a linia iti panaglayag iti Artiko, ti Nalatak a Dalan Mangazea, manipud iti Baybay Puraw aginggana idiay [[Karayan Ob]] ken ti [[Golpo Yenisei]] ket nangrugrugi a nagpatpataray iti kinaudi a paset ti maika-16 a siglo. Daytoy a linia ket nangi lukat ti dalan kadagiti baknang ti Siberia ken nagobra daytoy aginggana idi 1619, idi daytoy ket narikpan para kadagiti panggep ti militar ken politika, gapu ti panagbutbuteng ti mabalin a panagserrek babaen dagiti Europeano idiay [[Siberia]].

== Ekolohia ==
Dagiti panagkalkalap idiay Baybay Barents, a naisangayan iti panagkalap ti [[Gadus morhua]] wenno Atlantic cod iti Ingles, ket nangruna daytoy para iti Norwega ken Rusia. Adda met dagiti dibersidad ti [[sona bentika]] ti [[fauna]] idiay sirok ti Baybay Pechora.&lt;ref&gt;S. Dahle, 2004&lt;/ref&gt; Iti pay maipatinayon, adda met henetiko a naisangayan a populasion ti [[Uso ti Polar]] a mainaig iti Baybay Barents.&lt;ref&gt;C.M. Hogan, 2008&lt;/ref&gt;

Kadagiti agdama panawen adda met dagiti panagkulokol iti lana idiay Baybay Pechora kadagiti lugar ti lana iti Dolginskoye ken  [[Lugar Prirazlomnoye|Prirazlomnoye]]. Ti negatibo nga impakto iti ekolohia kadagiti kasta nga industrial nga eksploitasion idiay aplaya ti Baybay Pechora ket nakaro.&lt;ref&gt;S.A. Ogorodov, 2004&lt;/ref&gt; Segun ti [[Greenpeace]]&lt;ref name=GPR81412&gt;{{cite news|title=Prirazlomnaya oil spill would threaten Russian Arctic with irreparable disaster: study|url=http://www.greenpeace.org/russia/en/news/Prirazlomnaya-oil-spill-would-threaten-Russian-Arctic-with-irreparable-disaster-study-/|accessdate=15 Agosto 2012|newspaper=Greenpeace Russia|date=14 Agosto 2012|archive-date=2012-08-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120826232708/http://www.greenpeace.org/russia/en/news/Prirazlomnaya-oil-spill-would-threaten-Russian-Arctic-with-irreparable-disaster-study-/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; ken ti [[World Wildlife Fund]], ti Gasprom ket awan sagana iti nasayaat a panangipanggep iti buknay a mainaig iti produksion iti lana.&lt;ref name=WP81412&gt;{{cite news|title=Environmentalists warn of risk of oil production in the Russian Arctic|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/environmentalists-warn-of-risk-of-oil-production-in-the-russian-arctic/2012/08/14/a1299f8e-e601-11e1-9739-eef99c5fb285_story.html|accessdate=15 Agosto 2012|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=14 Agosto 2012|agency=Associated Press|archive-date=2019-09-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190903132502/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/environmentalists-warn-of-risk-of-oil-production-in-the-russian-arctic/2012/08/14/a1299f8e-e601-11e1-9739-eef99c5fb285_story.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dagiti nagibasaran ==
* Encyclopædia Britannica
* Salve Dahle (2004) ''Benthic fauna in the Pechora Sea''.  In: Oslo Database. Norwegian Polar Institute; Polar Environmental Centre; Akvaplan-niva, Tromsø, Norway, 10 Septiembre 2004 [http://www.iobis.org/OBISWEB/ObisDynPage1.jsp?content=meta/40.html]{{Natay a silpo|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* Benthic fauna: [http://data.gbif.org/datasets/resource/362/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204165256/http://data.gbif.org/datasets/resource/362/ |date=2015-02-04 }}
* C. Michael Hogan (2008) [http://globaltwitcher.auderis.se/artspec_information.asp?thingid=36084 ''Polar Bear: Ursus maritimus'', Globaltwitcher.com, ed. Nicklas Stromberg] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081224205716/http://globaltwitcher.auderis.se/artspec_information.asp?thingid=36084 |date=2008-12-24 }}
* ''Oil and Gas Resources in North-West Russia'' (2008) [http://arcticcentre.ulapland.fi/barentsinfo/economic/02/03.html]
* S. A. Ogorodov (2004) ''Human impact on coastal stability in the Pechora Sea'' [http://www.springerlink.com/index/MD3LTH1QHTH2PYWK.pdf]{{Natay a silpo|date=September 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* Leonid Sverdlov, (Member of the Russian Geographic Society), ''RUSSIAN NAVAL OFFICERS AND GEOGRAPHIC EXPLORATION IN NORTHERN RUSSIA.''
* C. Raymond Beazley, ''The Russian Expansion Towards Asia and the Arctic in the Middle Ages (to 1500)''. The American Historical Review

== Dagiti nailinia a nota ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Listaan dagiti baybay}}

{{coord|69|45|N|54|00|E|source:kolossus-nowiki_scale:5000000|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pechora, Baybay}}
[[Kategoria:Dagiti baybay ti Taaw Artiko]]
[[Kategoria:Dagiti baybay ti Rusia]]</text>
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    <title>Baybay Bali</title>
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| native_name_lang       = 
| image                  = Bali Sea location.svg
| caption                = Ti lokasion ti Baybay Bali, a naipakita iti asul.
| image_bathymetry       = 
| caption_bathymetry     = 
| location               = 
| pushpin_map            = Indonesia
| pushpin_label_position = &lt;!-- left, right, top or bottom --&gt;
| pushpin_map_alt        = 
| pushpin_map_caption    = 
| coords                 = {{coord|7|30|S|115|30|E|scale:1000000|display=inline,title}}
| type                   = [[Baybay]]
| inflow                 = 
| outflow                = 
| catchment              = 
| basin_countries        = [[Indonesia]]
| length                 = 
| width                  = 
| area                   = {{cvt|45000|km2}}
| depth                  = 
| max-depth              = 
| volume                 = 
| residence_time         = 
| salinity               = 
| shore                  = 
| temperature_high       = 
| temperature_low        = 
| frozen                 = 
| islands                = 
| trenches               = 
| benches                = 
| cities                 = 
}}
Ti '''Baybay Bali''' ({{lang-id|'''Laut Bali'''}}) ket ti bagi ti danum iti amianan ti isla ti [[Bali]] ken abagatan iti [[Isla Kangean]] iti [[Indonesia]]. Mangporma ti baybay ti abagatan a laud a parte ti [[Baybay Flores]], ken malukatan iti daytoy ti [[Lingsat Madura ]] manipud iti laud.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary |url=https://archive.org/details/merriamwebstersg0000unse_3edi |publisher=Merriam-Webster |year=1997 |isbn=0-87779-546-0 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Heograpia ==
Ti Baybay Bali ket sagpaminsan a maigrupo iti Baybay Flores para kadagiti panggep ti [[oseanograpia]], nupay kasta, kadagiti dadduma a [[nautikal a karta]], ti Baybay Bali ket naisurat a kas naisangayan a baybay para iti nabigasion. Ti baybay ket addaan iti kalawa iti {{pagbaliwen|45000|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} ken ti kaadalem iti {{pagbaliwen|1590|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Glossary of Physical Oceanography and Related Disciplines |author=Steven K. Baum |publisher=Texas A&amp;M University |accessdate=2007-10-09 |url=http://stommel.tamu.edu/~baum/paleo/ocean/node3.html |date=Agosto 17, 2001 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071018134105/http://stommel.tamu.edu/~baum/paleo/ocean/node3.html |archivedate=2007-10-18 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Sakup ===
Ipalawag ti [[Gunglo ti Internasional a Hidrograpiko]] (IHO) ti Baybay Bali a kas maysa kadagiti danum ti [[Purpuro Daya nga Indiano]]. Ipalawag ti IHO dagiti patinggana a kas dagiti sumaganad:&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.iho-ohi.net/iho_pubs/standard/S-23/S23_1953.pdf|title=Limits of Oceans and Seas, 3rd edition|year=1953|publisher=International Hydrographic Organization|accessdate=7 Pebrero 2010|archive-date=2010-10-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101015152118/http://www.iho-ohi.net/iho_pubs/standard/S-23/S23_1953.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;blockquote&gt;
''Iti amianan.'' Ti linia manipud iti Akinlaud nga Isla Paternoster aginggana iti daya a punto ti Sepandjang ken kalpasanna babaen ti daytoy nga isla aginggana iti laud a punto ti Luek Gedeh iti abagatan nga aplya ti [[Isla Kangean|Kangean]] ({{coord|7|01|S|115|18|E|display=inline}}).

''Iti laud.'' Ti linia manipud iti laud a punto ti Luek Gedeh Bay, Isla Kangean, aginggana iti Tg Sedano, ti amianan a daya unay a punto ti [[Java]] ken agpababa iti daya nga aplaya aginggana iti Tg Bantenan, ti abagatan a daya unay a punto ti isla.

''Iti abagatan.'' Ti linia manipud iti Tanjong Banenan babaen dagiti akin-abagatan a punto ti Balt [sic] ken ti Is-isla ti [[Nusa Penida|Noesa]] aginggana iti Tanjong Bt Gendang, ti abagatan a laud unay ti [[Lombok]], ken iti abagatan nga playana aginggana iti abagatan nga aplaya ti Tanjong Ringgit ti abagatan unay a punto, kalpasanna ti linia a mapan iti Tanjong Mangkoen ({{coord|9|01|S|116|43|E|display=inline}}) ti abagatan a laud unay ti [[Sumbawa|Soembawa]].

''Iti daya.'' Dagiti aplaya ti laud ken amianan ti Soembawa ken ti ad-adayo ngem daya iti Tanjong Sarokaja ({{coord|8|22|S|117|10|E|display=inline}}), kalpasanna ti akinlaud a patingga ti Baybay Flores [Ti linia manipud iti Tg Sarokaja aginggana iti Akinlaud nga Isla Paternoster ({{coord|7|26|S|117|08|E|display=inline}})].
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

=== Panagbalikuskos ===
Ti panagbalikuskos ken dagiti tagikua ti masa ti danum iti Baybay Bali ket ti panagtultuloy manipud iti Flores aginggana iti [[Baybay Java]] iti amianan. Iti oseanograpiko, ti Baybay Bali Sea ket maipanggep iti [[Indonesian Throughflow]] nga agtaud manipud iti [[Taaw Pasipiko]] aginggana iti [[Taaw Indiano]], kaaduan kadagitoy nga anud ket lumabas babaen ti [[Lingsat Bali]] ken [[Lingsat Lombok]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book| author=Rhodes W. Fairbridge |title=The Encyclopedia of Oceanography | url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofoc0000unse_j1m7 |publisher=Van Nostrand Reinhold Co. |year=2000 |isbn=0-442-15070-9}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dagiti tsunami ==
Iti nairehistro a pakasaritaan ti [[tsunami]], ti Baybay Bali ket nakasanayen kadagiti nadumaduma a tsunami. Ti [[Bantay Tambora|panagbettak ti Bantay Tambora ti 1815 Tambora]] (gantingan ti 7 ti [[Volcanic Explosivity Index|Kapigsa ti Panagbettak ti Bulkan]]) ket nangporma kadagiti tsunami idi 22 Septiembre 1815 iti pagsasabtan ti {{coord| -8.00|115.20}} ken kalpasanna ti tallo a tawen (8 Septiembre 1818) manipud kadagiti simmaruno a panagbettak ti bulkan iti nagsasabtan iti {{coord|-7.0|117.0}}.&lt;ref name=&quot;ngdc&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/results?bt_0=&amp;st_0=&amp;type_8=EXACT&amp;query_8=None+Selected&amp;op_14=eq&amp;v_14=&amp;type_15=EXACT&amp;query_15=None+Selected&amp;type_7=Like&amp;query_7=bali+sea&amp;st_1=&amp;bt_2=&amp;st_2=&amp;bt_1=&amp;bt_10=&amp;st_10=&amp;ge_9=&amp;le_9=&amp;bt_3=&amp;st_3=&amp;type_19=EXACT&amp;query_19=None+Selected&amp;op_17=eq&amp;v_17=&amp;type_18=EXACT&amp;query_18=None+Selected&amp;bt_20=&amp;st_20=&amp;bt_13=&amp;st_13=&amp;bt_16=&amp;st_16=&amp;bt_6=&amp;st_6=&amp;bt_11=&amp;st_11=&amp;d=7&amp;t=101650&amp;s=7 |author=National Geophysical Data Center |work=Natural hazards |accessdate=2007-10-09 |title=Tsunami Events where Source Location Name includes bali sea |archive-date=2018-10-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181014010141/https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/results?bt_0=&amp;st_0=&amp;type_8=EXACT&amp;query_8=None+Selected&amp;op_14=eq&amp;v_14=&amp;type_15=EXACT&amp;query_15=None+Selected&amp;type_7=Like&amp;query_7=bali+sea&amp;st_1=&amp;bt_2=&amp;st_2=&amp;bt_1=&amp;bt_10=&amp;st_10=&amp;ge_9=&amp;le_9=&amp;bt_3=&amp;st_3=&amp;type_19=EXACT&amp;query_19=None+Selected&amp;op_17=eq&amp;v_17=&amp;type_18=EXACT&amp;query_18=None+Selected&amp;bt_20=&amp;st_20=&amp;bt_13=&amp;st_13=&amp;bt_16=&amp;st_16=&amp;bt_6=&amp;st_6=&amp;bt_11=&amp;st_11=&amp;d=7&amp;t=101650&amp;s=7 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Add pay dagiti dua a tsunami a nairehistro idi  1857 ken idi 1917 nga addaan iti kangato iti {{pagbaliwen|3|m|ft|sp=us}} ken {{pagbaliwen|2|m|ft|sp=us}}.&lt;ref name=&quot;ngdc&quot; /&gt;

== Kitaen pay ==
* [[Heograpia ti Indonesia]]

== Dagiti nagibsaran ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Listaan dagiti baybay ti Indonesia}}
{{Listaan dagiti baybay}}
{{Kontrol ti autoridad}}

[[Kategoria:Dagiti baybay ti Indonesia]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Clinton Davisson</title>
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      <text bytes="2440" sha1="lt69trfapaifeg83lxkpbie3bwyqdmm" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox sientista
| name              = Clinton Joseph Davisson
| image             = Clinton Davisson.jpg
| caption           = Davisson
| birth_date        = {{Petsa ti pannakaipasngay|mf=yes|1881|10|22}}
| birth_place       = [[Bloomington, Illinois]], Estados Unidos
| death_date        = {{Petsa ti ipupusay ken tawen|mf=yes|1958|02|01|1881|10|22}}
| death_place       = [[Charlottesville, Virginia]], Estados Unidos
| nationality       = Estados Unidos
| field             = [[Pisika]]
| work_institutions = [[Unibersidad ti Princeton]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Instituto ti Teknolohia ti Carnegie]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Bell Labs]]
| alma_mater        = [[Unibersidad ti Chicago]] &lt;small&gt;(B.S., 1908)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Unibersidad ti Princeton]] &lt;small&gt;(Ph.D, 1911)&lt;/small&gt;
| doctoral_advisor  = [[Owen Richardson]]
| doctoral_students = 
| known_for         = [[Dipraksion ti elektron]]
| influenced        = Joseph A. Becker&lt;br /&gt;[[William Shockley]]
| prizes            = [[Premio iti Pisika ti Comstock]] (1928)&lt;ref name=Comstock&gt;{{cite web|title=Comstock Prize in Physics|url=http://www.nasonline.org/site/PageServer?pagename=AWARDS_comstock|publisher=National Academy of Sciences|accessdate=13 Pebrero 2011|archive-date=2010-12-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101229195326/http://www.nasonline.org/site/PageServer?pagename=AWARDS_comstock|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Medalia Elliott Cresson]] (1931)&lt;br /&gt; [[Medalia Hughe]] (1935)&lt;br /&gt;{{nowrap|[[Premio Nobel iti Pisika]] (1937)}}
| footnotes         = 
}}

Ni '''Clinton Joseph Davisson''' (Oktubre 22, 1881 – Pebrero 1, 1958), ket Amerikano idi a [[pisika|pisiko]] a nagungunaan ti [[Premio Nobel iti Pisika]] idi 1937 para iti pannakaduktalna iti [[dipraksion ti elektron]] inti nadayeg nga [[eksperimento Davisson-Germe]]. Nakibinningay ni Davisson iti Premio Nobel kenni [[George Paget Thomson]], nga isu ket nawaya a nakaduktal iti dipraksion ti eltron iti agarup nga isu met laeng a panawen idi naduktalan ni Davisson.

== Dagiti nagibasaran ==
{{Reflist}}

== Dagiti akinruar a silpo ==
{{Commonscat-inline|Clinton Davisson}}
{{wikiquote-inline}}
* [http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1937/davisson-bio.html Biograpia ti Nobelprize.org]

{{Premio Nobel iti Pisika}}
{{Kontrol ti autoridad}}
{{bio-pungol}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Davisson, Clinton Joseph}}
[[Kategoria:1881 a pannakaipasngay]]
[[Kategoria:1958 nga ipupusay]]
[[Kategoria:Dagiti Nobel a laureado iti Pisika]]</text>
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|name = Tamil
|image=Word Tamil.svg
|nativename = {{lang|ta|தமிழ் }} ''{{transl|ta|ISO|tamiḻ}}''
|pronunciation = {{IPA-ta|t̪ɐmɨɻ|}}
|states = [[India]], [[Sri Lanka]], [[Malaysia]], [[Singapur]], [[Réunion]], [[Maurisio]], [[Burma]] (moribund)&lt;ref name=&quot;bbc.com&quot;&gt;Natarajan, Swaminathan (6 Marso 2014) [http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-25438275 Myanmar's Tamils seek to protect their identity]. BBC&lt;/ref&gt;
|ethnicity   = [[Tattao a Tamil]]
|speakers = {{sigfig|70.0|2}} a riwriw
|date     = 2007
|ref      = ne2007
|speakers2 = 8 a riwriw a maikadua a pagsasao (awan petsa)&lt;ref&gt;{{Ethnologue16|tam}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|familycolor = Dravida
|fam2 = [[Sasao nga Akin-abagata a Dravida|Akin-abagatan]]
|fam3 = [[Sasao a Tamil–Kanares|Tamil–Kanares]]
|fam4 = [[Sasao a Tamil–Kodagus|Tamil–Kodagu]]
|fam5 = [[Sasao a Tamil–Malayalam|Tamil–Malayalam]]
|fam6 = [[Sasao a Tamil]]
|ancestor = [[Pagsasao a Daan a Tami|Daan a Tamil]]
|ancestor2 = [[Pagsasao a Tengnga a Tamil|Tengnga a Tamil]]
|script = [[Alpabeto a Tamil]] ([[Dagiti sinuratan a Brahmiko|Brahmiko]])&lt;br /&gt;[[Arwi|Sinuratan a Arwi]] ([[Alpabeto nga Arabiko|Abjad]])&lt;br /&gt;[[Braille a Tami]] ([[Braille a Bharati|Bharati]])&lt;br /&gt;[[Vatteluttu]] (historikal)
|sign=[[Napirmaan a Tamil]]
|nation = Sri Lanka,&lt;ref name=&quot;srilanka&quot;&gt;{{Citation |url=http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/5249.htm|title=Official languages of Srilanka|accessdate=1 May 2007 |work=State department, US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Singapur.&lt;ref name=&quot;singofficiallang&quot;&gt;{{Citation |url=http://statutes.agc.gov.sg/non_version/cgi-bin/DisplayContent.pl?DOCID=1999-REVED-CONST&amp;VID=931158661-003601&amp;WEF=latest&amp;TYPE=simple&amp;mode=and&amp;version=currentVersion&amp;query1=official%20language |title=Official languages and national language |accessdate=22 Abril 2008 |work=Constitution of the Republic of Singapore |publisher=Government of Singapore |archive-date=2015-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924203251/http://statutes.agc.gov.sg/non_version/cgi-bin/DisplayContent.pl?DOCID=1999-REVED-CONST&amp;VID=931158661-003601&amp;WEF=latest&amp;TYPE=simple&amp;mode=and&amp;version=currentVersion&amp;query1=official%20language |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Es-estado ti [[India]]: [[Tamil Nadu]],&lt;ref name=&quot;TN&quot;&gt;{{Citation|url=http://www.tn.gov.in/welcometn.htm|title=Official languages of Tamil Nadu|accessdate=1 Mayo 2007|work=Tamil Nadu Government|archive-date=2012-10-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021154022/http://www.tn.gov.in/welcometn.htm|url-status=bot: unknown}}&lt;/ref&gt; and [[Puducherry]]&lt;ref name=&quot;india_os&quot;&gt;{{Citation |url=http://portal.unesco.org/education/en/ev.php-URL_ID=22495&amp;URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&amp;URL_SECTION=201.html|title=Official languages |accessdate=10 Mayo 2007 |publisher=UNESCO}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;br /&gt;[[Association of Southeast Asian Nations|ASEAN]] &lt;small&gt;(Pagsasao a panagobra)&lt;/small&gt;

|minority=[[Kanada]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Malaysia]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Maurisio]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Réunion]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Seychelles]]
|iso1 = ta
|iso2=tam
|lc1=tam
|ld1=Moderno Tamil
|lc2=oty
|ld2=Daan a Tamil
|lc3=ptq
|ld3=Pattapu Bhasha
|linglist=oty
|lingname=Daan a Tamil
|glotto=tami1289
|glottoname=Moderno a Tamil
|glotto2=oldt1248
|glottoname2=Daan Tamil
|map=Idioma tamil.png
|mapcaption=
|notice=IPA
}}

'''Tamil ''' wenno '''Thamizh''' ket [[pagsasao a Dravida]] a kaaduan nga insasao babaen dagiti [[tattao a Tamil]] ti [[Tamil Nadu]] ken [[Sri Lanka]]. Daytoy ket addaan iti [[Opisial a pagsasao|opisial a kasasaad]] iti [[Es-estado ken kappon ti terteriorio ti India|estado ti India]] ti [[Tamil Nadu]] ken ti [[Kappon a Teritorio]] ti India iti [[Puducherry]]. Ti Tamil ket opisial pay ken nailian a pagsasao ti Sri Lanka&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.languagesdept.gov.lk/ Departmento dagiti Opisial a Pagsasao] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120915111428/http://www.languagesdept.gov.lk/ |date=2012-09-15 }}. Gobierno ti Srilanka&lt;/ref&gt; ken maysa kadagiti opisial a pagsasao ti [[Singapur]].&lt;ref name=&quot;statutes.agc.gov.sg&quot;&gt;[http://statutes.agc.gov.sg/aol/search/display/view.w3p;ident=7655e14f-c579-47a2-b7a9-fffc9fea4815;page=0;query=DocId%3A%222cc15e67-cf27-44b1-a736-f28ab8190454%22%20Status%3Apublished%20Depth%3A0;rec=0 Republika ti Singapur Tignay ti Wayawaya, s.7] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140420190129/http://statutes.agc.gov.sg/aol/search/display/view.w3p;ident=7655e14f-c579-47a2-b7a9-fffc9fea4815;page=0;query=DocId%3A%222cc15e67-cf27-44b1-a736-f28ab8190454%22%20Status%3Apublished%20Depth%3A0;rec=0 |date=2014-04-20 }}. Ti Republika ti Singapur&lt;/ref&gt; Daytoy ket nainkalintegan a kas maysa a pagsasao ti medio nga edukasion idiay [[Malaysia]] a kakuyogna ti Ingles, Malay ken Mandarin.&lt;ref name=&quot;Tamil Schools&quot;&gt;[http://www.indianmalaysian.com/education.htm Tamil Schools]. Indianmalaysian.com. Naala idi 28 Hulio 2013.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Ghazali, Kamila (2010). [https://web.archive.org/web/20121102173228/http://www.un.org/wcm/content/site/chronicle/home/archive/issues2010/un_academic_impact/national_identity_and_minority_languages?ctnscroll_articleContainerList=1_0&amp;ctnlistpagination_articleContainerList=true UN Chronicle – National Identity and Minority Languages]. United Nations.&lt;/ref&gt; Daytoy ket kaaduan pay a naisasao kadagiti estado ti [[Kerala]], [[Puducherry]] ken [[Is-isla Andaman ken Nicobar]] a kas sekondario apagsasao babaen dagiti minoridad idiay [[Karnataka]] ken [[Andhra Pradesh]]. Daytoy ket maysa kadagiti 22 [[naiskedul a psasao ti India]] ken isu idi ti immuna a pagsasao ti India a nairangarang a kas [[Klasiko a pagsasao ti India|klasiko a pagsasao]] babaen ti [[Gobierno ti India]] idi 2004.&lt;ref&gt;http://www.thehindu.com/2004/06/09/stories/2004060903251500.htm {{Natay a silpo|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ti Tamil ket naisasao pay babaen dagiti adu a minoridad idiay [[Malaysia]], [[Inglatera]], [[Maurisio]], [[Kanada]],&lt;ref name=&quot;Canada&quot;&gt;{{Citation|url=http://www.thestar.com/news/gta/article/848045--toronto-s-tamil-canadian-community-gears-up-to-host-new-refugees|title=Toronto's Tamil-Canadian community gears up to host new refugees|work=The Star|date=14 Agosto 2010|access-date=2015-09-18|archive-date=2012-10-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121030071412/http://www.thestar.com/news/gta/article/848045--toronto-s-tamil-canadian-community-gears-up-to-host-new-refugees|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Abagatan nga Aprika]],&lt;ref name=&quot;South Africa&quot;&gt;Subramaniyan, S. (Disiembre 1998)  [http://murugan.org/research/subramaniyan.htm Tamil Language and Murukan Worship in South Africa]. First International Conference Seminar on Skanda-Murukan&lt;/ref&gt; [[Fiji]],&lt;ref name=&quot;ethtamstat&quot;&gt;{{Citation |url= http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=tam|title= Ethnologue report for language code tam |accessdate=31 Hulio 2007 |work= Ethnologue: Languages of the World}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Alemania]],&lt;ref name=&quot;Germany&quot;&gt;Baumann, Martin.  [http://www.pluralism.org/resources/slideshow/hindgerm/index.php Immigrant Hinduism in Germany: Tamils from Sri Lanka and Their Temples] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121015194706/http://www.pluralism.org/resources/slideshow/hindgerm/index.php |date=2012-10-15 }}. The Pluralism Project, Harvard University&lt;/ref&gt; [[Pilipinas]], [[Estados Unidos]], [[Olanda]], [[Indonesia]],&lt;ref name=autogenerated2&gt;[http://tamilnation.co/diaspora/indonesia.htm Tamil Indonesians] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310164546/http://www.tamilnation.co/diaspora/indonesia.htm |date=2016-03-10 }}. tamilnation.co&lt;/ref&gt; [[Réunion]] ken [[Pransia]] ken dagiti pay emigrante dagiti komunidad iti lawlaw ti lubong.

== Dagiti nagibasaran ==
{{Reflist}}

== Adu pauy a mabasbasa ==
* Fabricius, Johann Philip (1933 and 1972), [http://dsal.uchicago.edu/dictionaries/fabricius/ ''Tamil and English Dictionary'']. based on J.P. Fabricius ''Malabar-English Dictionary'', 3rd and 4th Edition Revised and Enlarged by David Bexell. Evangelical Lutheran Mission Publishing House, Tranquebar; called Tranquebar Dictionary.
* {{Citation |last=Freeman |first=Rich |date=Pebrero 1998 |title=Rubies and Coral: The Lapidary Crafting of Language in Kerala |journal=The Journal of Asian Studies |volume=57 |issue=1 |pages=38–65 |doi=10.2307/2659023 |jstor=2659023 |publisher=Association for Asian Studies}}

== Dagiti silpo ti ruar ==
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*{{Wikivoyage-inline|Tamil phrasebook|Tamil|a phrasebook}}
* {{Commons-nailinia}}

{{Kontrol ti autoridad}}
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| logo = Internet Archive Wayback Machine logo.png
| logo_alt = Naestilo a tekso a mangibagbaga iti: &quot;INTERNET ARCHIVE WAYBACK MACHINE&quot;. Ti teksto ket nangisit, malaksid para iti &quot;WAYBACK&quot;, a daytoy ket nalabbaga.
| logocaption = Ti logo ti Wayback Machine , naus-usaren manipud idi 2001
| screenshot = 
| url = {{URL|https://archive.org/web/}}
| type = Arkibo
| programming language = [[C (lengguahe ti programa)|C]], [[Perl]]
| registration = 
| owner = [[Internet Archive]]
| launch date = {{Start date and age|1996|01|24}}&lt;ref name=ia-2001-11&gt;{{Cite web| url = http://archive.org/| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20011130142035/http://archive.org/| archive-date = 2001-11-30| publisher = Internet Archive| title = The Internet Archive: Building an 'Internet Library'| date = Nobiembre 30, 2001| accessdate = Mayo 12, 2013| quote = The Wayback Machine was unveiled on October 24 at Berkeley's Bancroft Library.
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| current status = Aktibo
&lt;!-- | revenue = This parameter is more appropriate for the Internet Archive article. This article is only about the web site. --&gt;
| alexa = {{IncreaseNegative}} 209 (manipud idi Abril 2015)&lt;ref name=alexa-2013-10&gt;{{Cite web
| url = http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/archive.org
| title = Archive.org Site Info
| publisher = [[Alexa Internet]]
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131028025923/http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/archive.org
| archive-date = 2013-10-28
| url-status = dead
| accessdate = 2013-10-29
}}&lt;/ref&gt; aginggana iti 208.&lt;ref name=alexa-2015-03&gt;{{Cite web
| url = http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/archive.org
| title = Archive.org Site Overview
| publisher = [[Alexa Internet]]
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150409101131/http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/archive.org
| archive-date = 2015-04-09
| url-status = dead&lt;!-- set to yes, because the alexa page will show a new current rank, not the as-of-date rank, invalidating this reference. --&gt;
| accessdate = 2015-04-09
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

Ti '''Wayback Machine''' ket ti dihital nga [[arkibo]] iti [[World Wide Web]] ken ti sabali a pakaammo iti [[Internet]] a pinartuat babaen ti [[Internet Archive]], ti saan nga agganganansia a gunglo, a naikuarte idiay [[San Francisco, California]], [[Estados Unidos]]. Daytoy ket inrugi da [[Brewster Kahle]] ken [[Bruce Gilliat]], ken tinartaripato nga addaan iti linaon manipud iti [[Alexa Internet]]. Ti serbisio ket mangpakabael kadagiti agar-aramat ti mangkita kadagiti naarkibo a bersion ti [[panid ti web]] kadagiti napalabas a panawen, a tinawtawagan daytoy iti arkibo ti &quot;tallo iti dimensionna a pagsurotan.&quot;

Manipud idi 1996, nagar-arkibodan kadagiti na-cache a pampanid kadagiti sitio ti web kadagiti dakkel a rimpuok dagiti nodo ti Linux. Bisitaaenda manen dagiti sitio iti tunggal mamin-ano a lawas ken mangarkibo iti baro a bersion no nabaliwan ti linaon. Ti keddeng ket ti mangala ken mangarkibo ti linaon a mapukawto no ti sitio ket mabaliwan wenno marikpan. Ti dakkel a sirmatada ket ti mangarkibo ti intero nga Internet.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Archive.org or Wayback Machine|url=http://cachedpages.net/|website=cachedpages.net|accessdate=2 Disiembre 2014|archive-date=2014-11-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141111153101/http://cachedpages.net/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ti nagan nga ''Wayback Machine'' ket napili idi a kas makaang-angay a reperensia iti alikamen a mangiparang-ay ti sarita iti serye ti animado a kartoon, ti ''[[The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show]].'' iti maysa a paset iti dayta nga animado a kartoon, ti ''[[Peabody's Improbable History]],'' dagiti bida a karakter a ni [[Mr. Peabody]] ken ni Sherman ken kankanayonda  a nagus-usar iti [[Panagbanniaga iti panawen|makina ti panawen]] a tinawtawagan iti &quot;[[WABAC machine]]&quot; (naibalikas iti ''wayback'') tapno masaksian, makisalisal iti, ken, iti masansan ngem iti saan, baliwanda dagiti nadayeg a pasamak iti pakasaritaan.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |first=Heather |last=Green |title=A Library as Big as the World |publisher=BusinessWeek |date=Pebrero 28, 2002 |url=http://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/feb2002/tc20020228_1080.htm |accessdate=2007-07-29 |archive-date=2002-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020601134105/http://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/feb2002/tc20020228_1080.htm |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=TONG|first=JUDY|title=RESPONSIBLE PARTY – BREWSTER KAHLE; A Library Of the Web, On the Web|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2002/09/08/business/responsible-party-brewster-kahle-a-library-of-the-web-on-the-web.html|accessdate=15 Agosto 2011|newspaper=New York Times|date=Septiembre 8, 2002}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dagiti nagibasaran ==
{{Reflist}}

== Dagiti akinruar a silpo ==
*{{opisial a website|https://archive.org/web/web.php}}
*[http://archive.bibalex.org/ Opisial a kapada ti Wayback Machine] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090318144430/http://archive.bibalex.org/ |date=2009-03-18 }} iti Bibliotheca Alexandrina

[[Kategoria:Pakasaritaan ti Internet|Arkibo]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Golpo ti Tonkin</title>
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      <text bytes="3061" sha1="5xcd6ixd2koni8efgrjtwxjgm6v0nyr" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Insik
|pic=Gulf of Tonkin location.gif
|s=1. 东京湾&lt;br /&gt;2. 北部湾
|t=1. 東京灣&lt;br /&gt;2. 北部灣
|p=1. Dōngjīng Wān&lt;br /&gt;2. Běibù Wān
|j=1. dung&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; ging&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; waan&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2. bak&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; bou&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt; waan&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;
|l=1. [[Luek|Golpo]] ti [[Tonkin]]&lt;br /&gt;2. Golpo ti akin-amianan a parte
|vie=1. Vịnh Bắc Bộ&lt;br /&gt;2. Vịnh Bắc Phần&lt;br /&gt;3. Vịnh Bắc Việt
|chunom=1. 泳北部&lt;br /&gt;2. 泳北分&lt;br /&gt;3. 泳北越
}}
[[Papeles:Gulf of Tonkin.jpg|thumb|Husto a maris ti ala ti satelite a ladawan ti Golpo ti Tonkin]]

Ti '''Golpo ti Tonkin''' ({{lang-vi|Vịnh Bắc Bộ}}, {{zh|s=北部湾|t=北部灣|p=Běibù Wān}}) ket ti bagi ti danum a mabirukan idiay aplaya ti akin-amianan a [[Bietnam]] ken akin-abagatan a [[Tsina]]. Daytoy ti akin-amianan nga ima ti [[Baybay Abagatan Tsina]]. Ti Golpo ket naipalawag iti adu babaen ti akin-amianan nga aplaya ti Bietnam, iti amianan babaen ti [[probinsia ti Guangxi]] ti Tsina, ken iti daya babaen ti [[Peninsula Leizhou]] ti Tsina ken ti [[Isla Hainan]].

== Etimolohia ==
Dagiti nagan iti Bietnamis ken Insik iti ''Vịnh Bắc Bộ'' ken ''Běibù Wān'', ket ti kayatda a sawen ket ti &quot;Akin-amianan a Luek&quot;. Ti nagna a ''[[Tonkin]]'', a naisurat iti &quot;東京&quot; kadagiti karakter ti [[Hán-Nôm]] ken''Đông Kinh'' iti [[alpabeto a Bietnamis]], ket kayatna a sawen iti &quot;akindaya a kapitolio&quot;, ken isu ti dati a [[toponimo]] para iti [[Hanoi]], ti agdama a kapitolio ti Bietnam. Daytoy ket nasken a saan a maiyallilaw iti [[Tokyo]], a naisurat met iti &quot;東京&quot; ken ti kayatna met a sawen ket &quot;akindaya a kapitolio&quot;. Idi las-ud ti [[Pranses nga Indotsina|kolonial a panawen ti Pransia]], ti ''Tonkin'' key inus-usar idi a mangibaga iti amianan ti pagilian.

== Insidente idi 1964 ==
{{Nangruna|Insidente ti Golpo ti Tonkin}}
Idi 2 Agosto1964, ni [[Presidente iti Estados Unidos|Presidente]] ti Estados Unidos [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] ket nagtunton a dagiti puersa ti Amianan a Bietnam ket naminduada a rinaut dagiti [[destroyers]] ti Amerikano idiay Golpo ti Tonkin.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;LBJ tape 'confirms Vietnam war error'.&quot; Martin Fletcher. ''[he Times''. 7 Nobiembre 2001.&lt;/ref&gt; Ammo itan a kas ti [[insidente ti Golpo ti Tonkin]], daytoy a pasamak ket isu ti nakairugian ti [[Resolusion ti Golpo ti Tonkin]] idi 7 Agosto 1964, ken kanungpalan nga isu ti nangrugian ti gubat ti Amianan a Bietnam ken ti Estados Unidos.

== Kitaen pay ==
* [[Heograpia ti Tsina]]
* [[Heograpia ti Bietnam]]

== Dagiti nagibasaran ==
{{Reflist}}

== Dagiti akinruar a silpo ==
{{Commonscat-inline|Gulf of Tonkin}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080922024819/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-05/06/content_8117020.htm Xinhua (2008)].

{{Coord/Wikidata}}
{{Listaan dagiti baybay}}

{{Kontrol ti autoridad}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Tonkin, Golpo ti}}
[[Kategoria:Golpo ti Tonkin| ]]
[[Kategoria:Dagiti golpo ti Taaw Pasipiko|Tonkin]]
[[Kategoria:Baybay Abagatan Tsina]]
[[Kategoria:Dagiti golpo ti Tsina]]
[[Kategoria:Abagatan a Tsina]]
[[Kategoria:Dagiti bagi ti danum ti Bietnam]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Kabul</title>
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|name                   = Kabul
|native_name            = کابل
|settlement_type        = [[Metropolis]]
|image_skyline         = {{Photomontage
|photo1a = Section of Kabul in October 2011.jpg{{!}}Pakaimatangan ti seksion ti Siudad ti Kabul
|photo2a = Atlas Air flying off from Kabul Airport in 2010.jpg{{!}}Sangalubongan nga Eropuerto ti Kabul
|photo2b = Abdul Rahman Mosque in March 2010.jpg{{!}}Moskita ti Abdul Rahman
|photo3a = GOB-September 2011.jpg{{!}}Harhardin Babur
|photo3b = Garden area of the Serena Hotel in Kabul.jpg{{!}}Otel Serena 
|photo4a = A view from Kabul InterContinental.jpg{{!}}Otel Inter-Continental 
|photo4b = Wazir Akbar Khan neighborhood.jpg{{!}}Wazir Akbar Khan
|size    = 300
|border  = 0
|color   =
|foot_montage = 
}}
|image_flag             =
|flag_size              =
|image_seal             =
|seal_size              =
|image_shield           =
|shield_size            =
|image_blank_emblem     =
|blank_emblem_type      =
|blank_emblem_size      =
|image_map              =
|mapsize                =
|map_caption            =
|pushpin_map            = Apganistan#Asia
|pushpin_label_position = Above
|pushpin_label          = '''Kabul'''
|pushpin_mapsize        = 300px
|pushpin_map_caption    = Lokasion idiay Apganistan
| coordinates           = {{coord|34|32|N|69|10|E|region:AF|display=inline,title}}
|subdivision_type       = Pagilian
|subdivision_name       = {{wagayway|Apganistan}}
|subdivision_type1      = [[Dagiti probinsia ti Apganistan|Probinsia]]
|subdivision_name1      = [[Probinsia ti Kabul|Kabul]]
|subdivision_type2      =
|subdivision_name2      =
|subdivision_type3      = Bilang dagiti distrito
|subdivision_name3      = 22
|government_footnotes   =
|government_type        =
|leader_title           = Mayor
|leader_name            = Muhammad Yunus Nawandish
|established_title      =
|established_date       =
|area_magnitude         =
|unit_pref              =
|area_footnotes         =
|area_total_km2         = 275
|area_land_km2          = 
|area_water_km2         =
|area_metro_km2         = 425
|population_as_of       = 2015
|population_footnotes   =
|population_note        = &lt;!-- &lt;ref name=&quot;GeoHive&quot; /&gt; --&gt;
|population_total       = 3678034
|population_density_km2 = auto
|population_metro       = 
|population_density_metro_km2 =
|population_urban        =
|population_blank1_title = [[Nagan dagiti umili|Demonimo]]
|population_blank1       = Taga-Kabul, Kabuli
|timezone               = Pagalagadan nga Oras ti Apganistan
|utc_offset             = +4:30
|timezone_DST           =
|utc_offset_DST         =
|elevation_footnotes    =  
|elevation_m            = 1791
|elevation_ft           =
|postal_code_type       = 
|postal_code            =
|area_code              = (+93) 20
|website                =
|footnotes              =
}}

Ti '''Kabul''' ({{lang-ps|کابل}} {{IPA-fa|ˈkʰɒːbul}}, {{lang-fa|کابل}}) ket ti kapitolio ti [[Apganistan|Islamiko a republika ti Apganistan]] ken isu pay ti kadakkelan a siudad ti Apganistan, mabirukan daytoy iti akindaya a paset ti pagilian. Segun iti karkulo idi 2015, ti populasion ti siudad ket agarup a 3,678,034,&lt;!--&lt;ref name=&quot;GeoHive&quot; /&gt;--&gt; ken mangiraman daytoy kadagiti amin nga etniko a grupo.&lt;ref name=&quot;NAT-2003&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/0311/feature2/images/mp_download.2.pdf |title=2003 National Geographic Population Map |format=PDF |work=Thomas Gouttierre, Center For Afghanistan Studies, University of Nebraska at Omaha; Matthew S. Baker, Stratfor |publisher=National Geographic Society |date=Nobiembre 2003 |accessdate=2010-06-27 |archive-date=2008-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080227220328/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/0311/feature2/images/mp_download.2.pdf |url-status=dead }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080227220328/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/0311/feature2/images/mp_download.2.pdf |date=2008-02-27 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Gapu ti napardas nga [[urbanisasion]] a nakakitan iti adu a migrasion iti siudad, daytoyen ti maika-64&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/largest-cities-mayors-1.html |title=Largest cities in the world and their mayors – 1 to 150 |publisher=City Mayors |date=2012-05-17 |accessdate=2012-08-17}}&lt;/ref&gt; ken maika-5 a kapardasan a dumakdakkel a siudad iti lubong.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/urban_growth1.html |title=World's fastest growing urban areas (1) |publisher=City Mayors |date=2012-05-17 |accessdate=2012-08-17}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dagiti nagibasaran ==
{{Reflist}}

== Adu pay a mabasbasa ==
*{{Cite news|author=Canadian Press|date=Oktubre 14, 2007|title=Afghanistan Struggles to Preserve Rich Past Despite Ongoing War|work=Canadian Press|url=http://www.afghanemb-canada.net/en/news_bulletin/2007/october/15/index.php|access-date=2016-02-16|archive-date=2008-10-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081011140217/http://www.afghanemb-canada.net/en/news_bulletin/2007/october/15/index.php|url-status=dead}}
*{{Cite news|author=Tang, Alisa (Associated Press)|date=Enero 21, 2008|title=Kabul's Old City Getting Face Lift|work=The Boston Globe|url=http://www.boston.com/news/world/asia/articles/2008/01/21/kabuls_old_city_getting_face_lift/?page=1}} {{Natay a silpo|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
*Hill, John E. (2009). ''Through the Jade Gate to Rome: A Study of the Silk Routes during the Later Han Dynasty, 1st to 2nd Centuries CE''. BookSurge, Charleston, South Carolina. {{ISBN|978-1-4392-2134-1}}.

== Dagiti akinruar a silpo ==
{{Commonscat-inline|Kabul}}
{{Wikivoyage-inline}}
*[http://www.panoramio.com/map/#lt%3D34.528455%26ln%3D69.171703%26z%3D4%26k%3D2%26a%3D1%26tab%3D1 Dagiti Panoramiko a ladawan ti Kabul] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140119111506/http://www.panoramio.com/map/#lt%3D34.528455%26ln%3D69.171703%26z%3D4%26k%3D2%26a%3D1%26tab%3D1 |date=2014-01-19 }}

{{Listaan dagiti kapitolio ti Asia babaen ti rehion}}
{{Kontrol ti autoridad}}
{{Apganistan-heograpia-pungol}}

[[Kategoria:Kabul| ]]
[[Kategoria:Dagiti kapitolio iti Asia]]
[[Kategoria:Dagiti matagtagitao a lugar iti igid ti Kalsada Seda]]
[[Kategoria:Apganistan]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Bruce Lee</title>
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Ni '''Bruce Lee''' ({{zh|t=李小龍}}; nayanak a kas ni '''Lee Jun-fan''', {{zh|t=李振藩}}; Nobiembre 27, 1940&amp;nbsp;– Hulio 20, 1973) ket maysa idi a taga-Hong Kong-Amerikano a [[martial arts|martial artist]], aktor iti pelikula ti aksion, manursuro iti [[martial arts]], pilosopo, agparpatuat iti pelikula,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.bruceleefoundation.com/index.cfm?pid=10606 | title=Jun Fan Jeet Kune Do | publisher=Bruce Lee Foundation | access-date=2016-03-10 | archive-date=2010-07-23 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100723235948/http://www.bruceleefoundation.com/index.cfm?pid=10606 | url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; ken ti nagpundar iti [[Jeet Kune Do]]. Ni  ket anak a lalaki ni [[Lee Hoi-chuen]] ti artista ti Kontones nga opera. Isu ket kaaduan a naikeddeng a kas ti kaimpluensiaan a martial artist iti amin a panawen babaen dagiti komendador, dagiti kritiko, midia ken dagiti dadduma pay martial artist,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url=http://www.fuel.tv/bruceleelives/| title=Bruce Lee Lives Documentary| access-date=2016-03-10| archive-date=2012-06-29| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120629135830/http://www.fuel.tv/bruceleelives| url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; ken simbolo ti popular a kultura iti maika-20 a siglo.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2009/12/12/business/global/12iht-lee.html |title=From Icon to Lifestyle, the Marketing of Bruce Lee |work=The New York Times  |date=Disiembre 11, 2009 |accessdate=Hunio 3, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/arts/cinema/article923515.ece?homepage=true |title=Bruce Lee's 70th birth anniversary celebrated |work=The Hindu |location=India |date=Nobiembre 30, 2010 |accessdate=Hunio 3, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Isu ket masansan a naipammadayawan iti panagtulong a mangbaliw iti waya a pannakaipresentado dagiti Asiano kadagiti Amerikano a pelikula.&lt;ref name=&quot;Time 100&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://205.188.238.181/time/time100/heroes/profile/lee01.html|title=Bruce Lee: With nothing but his hands, feet and a lot of attitude, he turned the little guy into a tough guy|last=Stein|first=Joel|date=Hunio 14, 1999|work=The Time 100|accessdate=Hunio 7, 2010|location=New York|archive-date=2010-06-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100605174143/http://205.188.238.181/time/time100/heroes/profile/lee01.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dagiti nagibasaran ==
{{Reflist}}

== Dagiti akinruar a silpo ==
{{Commonscat-inline|Bruce Lee}}
{{Wikiquote-inline}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20091001092945/http://www.bruceleefoundation.com/ Pundasion ni Bruce]
*{{IMDb name|45|Bruce Lee}}
*{{Hkmdb name|1919|Bruce Lee}}
*{{Amg name|41139|Bruce Lee}}

{{Kontrol ti autoridad}}
{{Aktor-pungol}}

{{Kabibiag|KATEGORIA|Lee, Bruce}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Amman</title>
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| native_name             = عمّان
| native_name_lang        = ar
| settlement_type         = Siudad
| image_skyline           = AMMAN 2.jpg
| image_alt               = 
| image_caption           = 
| image_seal              = &lt;!--Ammanlogo.png--&gt;
| image_flag              = Flag of Amman, Jordan (until 2009).svg
| nickname                = 'Ti Puraw a Pagaw', 'Ti Siudad dagiti Agdan'&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.jo/books?id=wGCGLEO-Vs8C&amp;pg=PA36&amp;dq=amman%27s+nickname&amp;hl=ar&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=0CBoQ6AEwAGoVChMI-MutgZGiyAIVyWsUCh22AQRZ#v=onepage&amp;q=amman's%20nickname&amp;f=false|title=The Cities Book: A Journey Through the Best Cities in the World|accessdate=2015-10-01|author= Trent Holden, Anna Metcalfe|publisher=Lonely Planet Publications|year=2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Amman's Street Food&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Amman's Street Food|url=http://beamman.com/food-/175-amman-street-food|accessdate=2015-09-26|publisher=BeAmman.com|work=BeAmman.com|archive-date=2015-09-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150926043908/http://beamman.com/food-/175-amman-street-food|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
| pushpin_map             = Hordania
| coordinates             = {{coord|31|56|59|N|35|55|58|E|region:JO|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type        = Pagilian
| subdivision_name        = {{wagayway|Hordania}}
| subdivision_type1       = [[Dagiti gobernorato ti Hordania|Gobernorato]]
| subdivision_name1       = [[Gobernorato ti Amman|Kapitolio ti Gobernorato]]
| established_title       = Napundar
| established_date        = 7250 SK
| established_title2      = Munisipalidad
| established_date2       = 1909
| leader_title            = [[Mayor]]
| leader_name             = Aqel Biltaji
| image_map               = خريطة مدينة عمان.png
| unit_pref               = Metric
| area_total_km2          = 1680
| area_land_km2           = 
| elevation_max_m         = 1100
| elevation_min_m         = 700
| population_as_of        = 2014
| population_footnotes    =
| population_total        = 4,007,526&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceC&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.jordantimes.com/news/local/population-stands-around-95-million-including-29-million-guests|title=Population stands at around 9.5 million, including 2.9 million guests|accessdate=2016-01-22|work=The Jordan Times|publisher=The Jordan News|date=2016-01-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_density_km2  = 2380
| population_note         =
| population_demonym      = Ammani, Taga-Amman
| timezone1               = +2 [[Oras ti Akindaya nga Europa|Pagalagadan nga Oras ti Akindaya nga Europa]]
| timezone1_DST           = +3 Pagalagadan nga Oras ti Arabia 
| postal_code_type        = Kodigo ti koreo
| postal_code             = 11110-17198
| area_code_type          =
| area_code               = +962(6)
| iso_code                = 
| website                 = [http://www.ammancity.gov.jo/en/gam/index.asp Munisipalidad ti Kalatakan nga Amman]
| footnotes               =
}}

Ti '''Amman'''&amp;nbsp;({{lang-ar|عمّان}}) ket ti kapitolio ken ti kaaduan ti populasion a siudad ti [[Hordania]]. Daytoy ket sentro pay ti ekonomia, politika ken kultura.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= http://www.arabianbusiness.com/revealed--20-cities-uae-residents-visit-most-590870.html |title= Revealed: the 20 cities UAE residents visit most |publisher= Arabian Business Publishing Ltd |date=2015-05-01 |accessdate= 2015-09-21}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mabirukan iti amianan-sentral ti Hordania, ti Amman ketisu ti administrtibo a sentro ti [[Gobernorato ti Amman]]. Daytoy ket addaan iti populasion iti 4,007,526 ken ti daga ket aglawa iti {{pagbaliwen|648.7|sqmi|km2|order=flip}}.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceC&quot; /&gt; Ita nga aldaw, ti Amman ket naikeddeng a maysa kadagiti liberal ken naipalaud a siudad ti Arabo.&lt;!--&lt;ref name=&quot;Rt.com&quot; /&gt;--&gt; Daytoy ket nangruna a papanan dagiti turista iti rehion, ken naisangayan kadagiti Arabo ken Europeano a turista.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.jordantimes.com/news/local/number-tourists-dropped-14-2013-%E2%80%94-official-report|title=Number of tourists dropped by 14% in 2013 — official report|publisher=The Jordan News|work=[he Jordan Times|date=2014-02-08|accessdate=2015-09-21}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ti kasapaan nga ebidensia ti pannakaitaeng ti lugar ket ti lugar ti Neoletiko nga ammo a kas ti [['Ain Ghazal]]. Ti sinarunona ket ammo idi a kas ti &quot;Rabbath Ammon&quot;, ken isu idi daytoy ti kapitolio dagiti [[Ammonitas]], idi a kas &quot;Philadelphia&quot;, ken itikanungpalan a kas Amman.&lt;ref name=&quot;Reference12&quot; /&gt; Daytoy ket immuna a nabangon iti [[Listaan dagiti siudad a natunton a nabangon kadagiti  pito a turod|pito a turod]] ngem itan ket umabot kadagiti sumurok a 19 a turod a mangitipon kadagiti 7 a distrito,&lt;ref name=&quot;Reference12&quot;&gt;{{cite book| url=https://books.google.jo/books?id=3SapTk5iGDkC&amp;pg=PA35&amp;dq=east+and+west+amman&amp;hl=ar&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=0CCIQ6AEwAWoVChMIpd7d0supyAIVQUMaCh2oUwPF#v=onepage&amp;q=east%20and%20west%20amman&amp;f=false| title=Cities of the Middle East and North Africa: A Historical Encyclopedia| accessdate=2015-10-04| year=2007| author1=Michael Dumper| author2=Bruce E. Stanley| publisher=ABC-CLIO}}&lt;/ref&gt; nga inadministro babaen ti [[Munisipalidad ti Kalatakan nga Amman]] nga idauluan ababen ti mayor.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news| url=http://www.jordantimes.com/news/local/aqel-biltaji-appointed-amman-mayor| title=Aqel Biltaji appointed as Amman mayor| publisher=The Jordan News| work=The Jordan Times| date=2013-09-08| accessdate=2015-09-21| archive-date=2015-09-30| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930055247/http://www.jordantimes.com/news/local/aqel-biltaji-appointed-amman-mayor| url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dagiti lugar ti Amman ket mabalin a nagun-odda dagiti naganda manipud kadagiti turod (Jabal) wenno dagiti ginget (Wadi) a pakabirukanda, kas ti Jabal Lweibdeh ken Wadi Abdoun.&lt;ref name=&quot;Reference12&quot; /&gt; Ti Daya nga Amman ket kaaduan a napunno kadagitinaipakasaritaan alugar a kankanayon a mangsangsangaili kadagiti aktibidad ti kultura, bayat a ti Laud nga Amman ket modmoderno ken agserbi a kas ti sentro ti ekonomia ti siudad.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url=http://www.jordantimes.com/news/local/west-amman-furnished-apartments-cashing-tourist-influx| title=West Amman furnished apartments cashing in on tour| date=2014-08-12| publisher=The Jordan News| work=The Jordan Times| accessdate=2015-09-21}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Agarup a 1.9 a riwriw a bisbisita ti simmangpet idiay Amman idi 2014, ken mairanggo daytoy a kas maika-84 a kaaduan a mabisbisita a siudad iti lubong ken ti maika-4 a mabisbista nga Arabo a siudad.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url=http://brilliantmaps.com/top-100-tourist-destinations/| title=Top 100 International Tourist Destination Cities by Country| accessdate=2015-10-05| work=Euromonitor| date=2015-01-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ti Amman ket addaan iti relatibo a napardas nga agrangrang-ay nga ekonomia,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url=http://www.forbes.com/sites/elizabethmacbride/2014/12/31/how-a-startup-from-amman-grew-to-1b-views-on-youtube/| title=How a Startup from the Arab World Grabs 1B Views on YouTube| accessdate=2015-09-29|date=2014-12-31| work=Forbes| publisher=Forbes}}&lt;/ref&gt; ken nairanggo a Beta− iti pagsurotan ti [[global a siudad]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url=http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2012t.html| title=The World According to GaWC 2012| date=2014-01-13| work=GaWC| accessdate=2015-09-21| archive-date=2014-03-20| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140320212149/http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2012t.html| url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iti pay maipatinayon, daytoy ket nanaganan a kas maysa kasayaatan a siudad ti Tengnga a Daya ken Amianan nga Aprika babaen dagiti banag iti ekonomia, trabaho, enbironmento and socsio-kultura.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news| title=Abu Dhab duke City' in MENA region| author=IANS/WAM| newspaper=sify news| date=2010-11-26| url=http://sify.com/news/abu-dhabi-voted-best-city-in-mena-region-news-international-kl0wuhjcbdc.html| accessdate=2015-09-22| archive-date=2010-11-30| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101130082450/http://sify.com/news/abu-dhabi-voted-best-city-in-mena-region-news-international-kl0wuhjcbdc.html| url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ti siudad ket maysa kadagiti kadayegan a lokasion iti Arabo a lubong para iti pangibangonan dagiti rehional nga opisina dagiti multinasional a korporasion, a mairaman ti [[Doha]] ken unaan laeng ti [[Dubai]]. Daytoy ket manamnama a dagiti sumaruno a 10 a tawtawen, dagitoy tallo a siudad ket mangala kadagiti kadakkelan a bingay dagiti aktibidad ti multinasional a korporasion iti rehion.&lt;ref name=&quot;duniafrontier.com&quot;&gt;{{cite web| url=http://duniafrontier.com/research/doha-amman |title=Dunia Frontier Consultants » Doha, Amman Favored by MNCs as New Regional Hubs |publisher=Duniafrontier.com |date=2012-01-25 |accessdate=2012-11-28}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dagiti nagibasaran ==
{{Reflist}}

== Bibliograpia ==
{{refbegin}}
*{{cite book|last1=Albala|first1=Ken|title=Food Cultures of the World Encyclopedia, Volume 1|date=2011|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-0-313-37626-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NTo6c_PJWRgC&amp;pg=PA267&amp;dq=Amman+Bedouin+population&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=0CCwQ6AEwAzgKahUKEwi-ur_c9ovIAhXFbB4KHXQPCfQ#v=onepage&amp;q=Amman&amp;f=false}}
*{{cite book|title=Cities of the Middle East and North Africa: A Historical Encyclopedia
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3SapTk5iGDkC&amp;pg=PA35&amp;dq=Amman+Cities+of+the+Middle+East&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=0CCYQ6AEwAGoVChMI4-qB_PWLyAIVw9UeCh3eiAxP#v=onepage&amp;q=Amman&amp;f=false|first1=Michael|last1=Dumper|first2=Bruce E.|last2=Stanley|year=2007|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-57607-919-5}}
*{{cite book|last1=Jones|first1=Mari C.|title=Language Change: The Interplay of Internal, External, and Extra-linguistic Factors|date=2002|publisher=Walter de Gruyter|isbn=978-3-11-017202-7|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hKftmhoP4gYC&amp;pg=PA64&amp;dq=Amman+native+Jordanians&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=0CE8Q6AEwCWoVChMIgu2wzf6LyAIVAiceCh19qwFC#v=onepage&amp;q=Amman%20&amp;f=false}}
*{{cite book|last1=Kildani|first1=Hanna|title=Modern Christianity in the Holy Land: Development of the Structure of Churches and the Growth of Christian Institutions in Jordan and Palestine|date=2010|publisher=AuthorHouse|isbn=978-1-4490-5285-0|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZrvHHROsgt8C&amp;pg=PA678&amp;dq=Amman+Armenians&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=0CCgQ6AEwAmoVChMI04CFjvaLyAIVyJoeCh0J2g0T#v=onepage&amp;q=Amman%20Armenians&amp;f=false}}
*{{cite book|last1=Owens|first1=Jonathan|title=The Oxford Handbook of Arabic Linguistics|date=2013|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-934409-3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1IJoAgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA260&amp;dq=Amman+native+Jordanians&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=0CDgQ6AEwBWoVChMIgu2wzf6LyAIVAiceCh19qwFC#v=onepage&amp;q=Amman&amp;f=false}}
*{{cite book|last1=Plascov|first1=Avi|title=The Palestinian Refugees in Jordan 1948–1957|date=1981|publisher=Psychology Press|isbn=978-0-7146-3120-2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=daLPXTYcoewC&amp;pg=PA33&amp;dq=Amman+Palestinian+majority&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=0CBwQ6AEwAGoVChMI1fn3gP-LyAIVRCQeCh0XhgKR#v=onepage&amp;q=Amman&amp;f=false}}
*{{cite book |last1=Richmond |first1=Walter |title=The Circassian Genocide |date=2013 |publisher= Rutgers University Press |isbn= 978-0-8135-6069-4 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=LHlwZwpA70cC&amp;pg=PA124&amp;dq=Amman+Circassians&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=0CCgQ6AEwAmoVChMIxtbHlPaLyAIVidIeCh3n3gPf#v=onepage&amp;q=Amman%20Circassians&amp;f=false}}
*{{Cite book |title=International Dictionary of Historic Places: Middle East and Africa |volume= 4 |page=289 |first1=Trudy |last1=Ring |first2=Robert M. |last2=Salkin |first3=Paul E. |last3= Schellinger |publisher= Taylor &amp; Francis |year=1994 |url= https://books.google.com/?id=2aOpeBnbxvsC&amp;pg=PA289&amp;dq=Great+Mosque+of+Gaza |isbn=978-1-884964-03-9 }}
*{{cite book |last1=Le Strange |first1=Guy |title= Palestine Under the Moslems: A Description of Syria and the Holy Land from A.D. 650 to 1500 |date=1890 |publisher= Alexander P. Watt for the Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund |page=391 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=4HCPLpB3C8UC&amp;pg=PA391}}
*{{cite book |last1=Suleiman|first1=Yasir|title=A War of Words: Language and Conflict in the Middle East|date=2004|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-54656-0|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Neu3q8Vt01sC&amp;pg=PA101&amp;dq=Amman+Palestinian+majority&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=0CCIQ6AEwAWoVChMI1fn3gP-LyAIVRCQeCh0XhgKR#v=onepage&amp;q=Amman&amp;f=false}}
*{{cite book|last1=Walker|first1=Bethany J.|editor1-last=Talmon-Heller|editor1-first=Daniela|editor2-last=Cytryn-Silverman|editor2-first=Katia|title=Material Evidence and Narrative Sources: Interdisciplinary Studies of the History of the Muslim Middle East|date=2015|publisher=Brill|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oIEcBQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA120|chapter=On Archives and Archaeology: Reassessing Mamluk Rule from Documentary Sources and Jordanian Fieldwork}}
{{refend}}

== Dagiti akinruar a silpo ==
{{Commonscat-inline|Amman}}
{{Wikivoyage-inline}}

{{Listaan dagiti kapitolio ti Asia babaen ti rehion}}
{{Kontrol ti autoridad}}

[[Kategoria:Amman| ]]
[[Kategoria:Dagiti kapitolio iti Asia]]</text>
      <sha1>1awo6syvtu7jm0yturh7ipkkjuw5xsh</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Boris Christoff</title>
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      <text bytes="2087" sha1="ojqw196y4w1ez4yhn1peh1m1nr6nk1z" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox tao
 |name = Boris Christoff
 |image = Борис Христов. crop.jpg
 |image_size       = 
 |native_name        = Борис Кирилов Христов
 |native_name_lang   = bg
 |birth_date = {{Petsa ti pannakaipasngay|df=y|1914|5|18}}
 |birth_place = [[Plovdiv]], [[Bulgaria]]
 |death_date = {{Petsa ti ipupusay ken tawen|df=y|1993|6|28|1914|5|18}}
 |death_place = [[Roma]], [[Italia]]
 |occupation = Kumakanta ti opera
 |awards = [[Léonie Sonning Music Prize|Premio Musika ni Léonie Sonning]]
 }}

Ni '''Boris Christoff''' ([[Pagsasao a Bulgaro|Bulgaro]]: {{lang|bg|Борис Кирилов Христов}}, opisial a transliterasion '''''Boris Kirilov Hristov'''''  {{IPA-bg|bɔrˈis ˈkirilɔf ˈxristɔf|pron}}; 18 Mayo 1914 – 28 Hunio 1993) ket maysa idi a Bulgaro a kumakanta ti [[opera]], ken kaaduan a naikeddeng a maysa kadagiti kalatakan a [[Kababaan a timek (kita ti boses)|kababaan a timek]] iti maika-20 a siglo.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.nytimes.com/1993/06/29/obituaries/boris-christoff-bass-dies-at-79-esteemed-for-his-boris-godunov.html Allan Kozinn, &quot;Boris Christoff, Bass, Dies at 79; Esteemed for His Boris Godunov&quot;, ''The New York Times'', Hunio 29, 1993]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-boris-christoff-1494547.html |title=Elizabeth Forbes, &quot;Obituary: Boris Christoff&quot;, ''The Independent'', 29 Hunio 1993 |access-date=2016-06-10 |archive-date=2012-11-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121119130426/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-boris-christoff-1494547.html |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dagiti nagibasaran ==
{{Reflist}}

== Dagiti akinruar a silpo ==
*[http://www.borischristoff.dir.bg/aboutus.htm Borischristoff.dir.bg] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070302084620/http://www.borischristoff.dir.bg/aboutus.htm |date=2007-03-02 }}
* http://www.boris-christoff.net {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402140032/http://www.boris-christoff.net/ |date=2015-04-02 }}

{{Kontrol ti autoridad}}
{{Bio-pungol}}

{{Kabibiag|KATEGORIA|Christoff, Boris}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Find a Grave</title>
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      <text bytes="11482" sha1="mp6q023r1ttybbykyfp02iily4lrcqz" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox website
| logo = Find A Grave logo.png
| screenshot = 
| name = Find a Grave
| editor = Jim Tipton
| commercial = Web
| type = Online database
| registration = Saan a nasken
| owner = [[Ancestry.com]]
| language = Ingles
| launch date = {{Start date|1998}}
| current status = Active
| url = {{URL|http://www.findagrave.com/}}
| alexa = {{decrease}} 2,599 (Agosto 2015)&lt;ref name=&quot;alexa&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url= http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/findagrave.com |title= Findagrave.com Site Info |publisher= Alexa Internet |accessdate= 2015-08-02 |archive-date= 2018-12-25 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20181225064325/https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/findagrave.com |url-status= dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

Ti '''Find a Grave''' ket komersial a website a mangipalubos iti publiko a mangserrek ken manginayon iti online a [[database]] kadagiti rehistro ti kamposanto.

== Pakasaritaan ==
Ti sitio ket napartuat idi 1995 babaen ni Jim Tipton ti agnanaed idiay [[Salt Lake City]], a nagbirbiruk iti sitio a makatulong kaniana iti pagay-ayuanna a panagbisita kadagiti lugar a nakaipunponan dagiti selebridad.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jim&quot;&gt;{{cite web|year=2007|url=http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=mr&amp;MRid=1|title=Find A Grave Contributor: Jim Tipton|publisher=Find a Grave|accessdate=Mayo 11, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ninayonanna pay idi iti [[online forum]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news
| last = Maynard
| first = Meleah
| title = Grave Matters: Minnesota's dead are only a click away
| newspaper = City Pages
| location = Minneapolis and Saint Paul, Minnesota
| pages =
| language =
| publisher = citypages.com
| date = Pebrero 16, 2000
| url = http://www.citypages.com/2000-02-16/books/grave-matters/
| accessdate = Septiembre 8, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Daytouy ket nairugi a kas maysa a komersial nga entidad idi 1998, kas maysa a komersial a nagan&lt;ref&gt;[https://secure.utah.gov/bes/action/details?entity=2442925-0151 Utah Secretary of State Entity No. 2442925-0151] Naala idi Nobiembre 11, 2011&lt;/ref&gt; ken naikorporado idi 2000.&lt;ref&gt;[https://secure.utah.gov/bes/action/details?entity=4729413-0143 Utah Secretary of State Entity No. 4729413-0143] Naala idi Nobiembre 11, 2011&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://delecorp.delaware.gov/tin/controller Delaware Department of State: Division of Corporations Entity File No. 3168328] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721035421/https://delecorp.delaware.gov/tin/controller |date=2011-07-21 }} Naala idi Nobiembrer 11, 2011&lt;/ref&gt;

Ti sitio ket kanungpalan a naipadakkel tapno maipalubos dagiti saan a nadayeg a tabon tapno mapalubosan dagiti bisita ti online a mangrespeto dagiti natayen a kabagianda wenno gayyemda.

Idi Septiembre 30, 2013, inrangarang ti [[Ancestry.com]] iti pananggatangna ti kompania. Kinuna ni Tipton a ti panaggatang ti Ancestry.com ket &quot;...&amp;nbsp;nangisilsilpon ken nagpadpaadu iti trapiko iti sito kadagiti napalabasen a tawen. Ti pakaamo ti pannakaipunpon ket nasayaat a taudan para kadagiti tao nga agsuksukisok iti pakasaritaan ti pamiliada&amp;nbsp;...&quot; planuen ti Ancestry.com a pasayaaten dagiti rekurso a dedikado iti Find a Grave tapno &quot;...&amp;nbsp;mamngirugi iti baro a mobile app, pasayaaten ti suporta ti agus-usar, mangipakaammo iti napasayaat a sistema ti panagurnos para iti panangited kadagiti panagpabaro kadagiti pammalagip, suporta ti ganganaet a pagsasao, ken dagiti dadduma pay panagpasaayaat iti sitio.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Ancestry.com Acquires Find A Grave&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Ancestry.com Acquires Find A Grave|url=http://blogs.ancestry.com/ancestry/2013/09/30/ancestry-com-acquires-find-a-grave/?hootPostID=4138bfc02be3bbeec497222fbff15920|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=1 Oktubre 2013|archive-date=2013-10-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131007020329/http://blogs.ancestry.com/ancestry/2013/09/30/ancestry-com-acquires-find-a-grave/?hootPostID=4138bfc02be3bbeec497222fbff15920|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Manipud idi Abril 2016, i sitio ket naglaon kadagiti sumurok a 143 a riwriw a rehistro ti pannakaipunpon&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.findagrave.com/|title=Find A Grave|publisher=Find a Grave|accessdate=2014-06-17}}&lt;/ref&gt; ken 75 a riwriw a ladladawan&lt;ref name=&quot;Ancestry.com Acquires Find A Grave&quot; /&gt; iti sangalubongan.

== Linaon ken dagiti langa ==
Aglaon ti website kadagiti listaan dagiti kamposanto ken dagiti tabon manipud iti sangalubongan. Dagiti kamposanto ti Amerika ket naurnos babaen ti estado ken kondado, ken adu dagiti rehistro ti kamposanto nga aglaon kadagiti [[Google Maps|Mapa ti Google]] (agraman kadagiti nagsasabtan ti [[Global Positioning System|GPS]] nga inted babaen dagiti kontributor) ken dagiti ladawan dagiti kamposanto. Dagiti agmaymaysa a rehistro ti tabon ket aglaon iti wenno amin dagiti sumaganad a pagikabilan ti datos: dagiti petsa ken dagiti lugar ti nakaipasngayan ken nakaipusayan, pakaammo ti biograpia, pakaammo ti kamposanto ken plota, dagiti ladawan (marka ti tabon, ti tao, kdpy.), ken pakaammo ti kontributor.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=listFaqs Find A Grave FAQ] ''www.findagrave.com''&lt;/ref&gt;

Dagiti listaan ti pannakaipunpon ket ited babaen dagiti tattao,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news
| last = Loudon
| first = Bennett J.
| title = Civil War history carved in stone in Pittsford
| newspaper = Democrat and Chronicle
| location =
| pages =
| language =
| publisher = Gannett
| date = Agosto 30, 2011
| url = http://www.democratandchronicle.com/article/20110902/NEWS05/109020312
| accessdate = Oktubre 28, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; dagiti kagimongan ti henelohia,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news
| last = Moody
| first = Sharon Tate
| title = Find A Grave can shorten the search
| newspaper = The Tampa Tribune
| location =
| pages =
| language =
| publisher = TBO.com Tampa Bay Online
| date = Enero 24, 2010
| url = http://www2.tbo.com/lifestyles/life/2010/jan/24/tr-find-a-grave-can-shorten-the-search-ar-52374/
| quote = The entries with tombstone photographs obviously are reliable, but if the entry is based only on a paper record of the interment (without a photograph), it's easy to mistype the date, so you're bound to find errors.
| accessdate = Disiembre 28, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; ken ti International Wargraves Photography Project.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=mr&amp;MRid=46770518 Find A Grave: Member Record number 46770518]&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Papeles:Ancestry dot com headquarters.jpg|thumb|right|270px|Ti agdama a kuartel ti Find a Grave idiay [[Lehi, Utah]]]]

Nasken nga agrehistro dagiti kontributor a kas dagiti miembro tapno makaited kadagiti listaan, a tinawtawagan kadagiti pammalagip iti sitio. Kalpasan iti panangited iti listaan, dayta a miembro ket agablin a ti mangtaripato iti listaan, ngem mabalin met a mangiyalis ti panagtaripato. Ti laeng agdama nga agtartaripato ti listaan ti mabalin nga agurnos iti listaan. Dagiti miembro ket mabalinda ti agipatulod kadagiti kiddaw ti panagpasayaat a maipanggep kadagiti listaan. Dagiti miembro ket mabalinda ti mangited kadagiti notasion, a mangbukel kadagiti ladawan wenno retrato wenno dagiti sabong, dagiti wagayway, dagiti simbolo ti relihion, kdpy., a maipablaak iti agmaymaysa a lislistaan, a kadawyan a mairaman dagiti mensahe ti pannakipagrikna. Dagiti agtartaripato iti listaan ket mabalinda nga isilpo babaen ti [[hyperlink]] kadagitilistaan dagiti natayen nga assawa, nagannak ken dagiti kakabsat para iti panggep ti henelohia. Dagiti miembro ket mabalinda pay ti agkiddaw kadagiti ladawan ti tabon, a mablinto met a tungpalen dagiti sabali a miembro.&lt;ref name=&quot;fag&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=listFaqs#73 |title=Find A Grave FAQ: 'How do I submit a photo request?' |publisher=Findagrave.com |date= |accessdate=2012-01-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Agtaripato pay ti Find a Grave kadagiti silpo dagiti memorial dagitinadayeg a tao a kas dagiti nakaawat iti [[Medalia ti Dayaw]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.findagrave.com/php/famous.php?page=ctf&amp;FSctf=28 |title=Claim to Fame: Medal of Honor Recipients |publisher=Findagrave.com |date= |accessdate=2012-05-31}}&lt;/ref&gt; dagiti pigura ti relihion,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.findagrave.com/php/famous.php?page=ctf&amp;FSctf=16 |title=Claim to Fame: Religious figures |publisher=Findagrave.com |date=1954-10-11 |accessdate=2012-05-31}}&lt;/ref&gt; dagiti mannuro&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.findagrave.com/php/famous.php?page=ctf&amp;FSctf=20 |title=Claim to Fame: Educators |publisher=Findagrave.com |date= |accessdate=2012-05-31}}&lt;/ref&gt; ken dagiti nadumaduma a selebridad. Ti Find a Grave ket agsanay iti panagtengngel iti panagurnos kadagitoy a listaan.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=bios |title=Famous Bio Guidelines |publisher=Findagrave.com |date=1935-05-02 |accessdate=2012-05-31}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dagiti nagibasaran ==
{{Reflist}}

=== Dagiti taudan ===
{{Refbegin}}
* {{Cite news|last=Colker|first=David|title=Web site answers grave concerns about stars|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|location=[[Los Angeles]]|pages=|language=|publisher=Tribune Publishing|date=Agosto 26, 1997|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=MWSB&amp;p_theme=mwsb&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=0EB82ADCB84FB85C&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D&amp;s_trackval=GooglePM|accessdate=Septiembre 28, 2011|archive-date=2011-08-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110809032714/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=MWSB&amp;p_theme=mwsb&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=0EB82ADCB84FB85C&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D&amp;s_trackval=GooglePM|url-status=dead}}(Nasken ti suskrision)
* {{Cite news|last=Johnstone|first=Nick|title=Why I love … findagrave.com|newspaper=he Guardian|location=[[Londres]]|pages=|language=|publisher=Guardian Media Group|date=Hulio 14, 2004|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/theguardian/2004/jul/14/features11.g2|accessdate=Septiembre 28, 2011}}
* {{Cite news|last=Cobbs|first=Chris|title=Web site attracts millions of grave-seekers|newspaper=Orlando Sentinel|location=Orlando, Florida|pages=|language=|publisher=Tribune Publishing|date=Hulio 12, 2001|url=http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-8326287_ITM|accessdate=Septiembre 28, 2011}}
* {{Cite news|last=Gammage|first=Jeff|title=Find VIPs (and others) who R.I.P. through online cemetery|newspaper=The Philadelphia Inquirer|location=[[Philadelphia]]|pages=|language=|publisher=Philadelphia Media Networ|date=Agosto 1, 2005|url=http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-9535304_ITM|accessdate=Septiembre 28, 2011}}
* {{Cite news|last=King|first=Peter|title=Tip: Find a Grave has info you're dying to know|newspaper=Newsday|location=Melville, New York|pages=|language=|publisher=Cablevision|date=Oktubre 2, 2009|url=http://www.newsday.com/business/retirement/tip-find-a-grave-has-info-you-re-dying-to-know-1.1471344|accessdate=Septiembre 28, 2011|archive-date=2011-08-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110809081347/http://www.newsday.com/business/retirement/tip-find-a-grave-has-info-you-re-dying-to-know-1.1471344|url-status=dead}}(Nasken ti rehistrasion)
* {{Cite news|last=Silverman|first=Lauren|author-link=|title=Tracking Down Relatives, Visiting Graves Virtually|work=NPR|date=Marso 14, 2010|url=http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=124671879|accessdate=Septiembre 28, 2011|location=[[Washington, D.C.]]|publisher=National Public Radio, Inc.}}
{{Refend}}

== Dagiti akinruar a silpo ==
{{commonscat-inline|Images from Find A Grave}}
* {{Opisial a website|http://www.findagrave.com/}}

[[Kategoria:Patay]]</text>
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    <title>Pagilian nga isla</title>
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      <text bytes="10369" sha1="suj45gtbt8xf8yg26k0tltf46875hgr" xml:space="preserve">{{Kitaen pay|Listaan dagiti pagilian nga isla}}
[[Papeles:Island nations.svg|thumb|350px|Dagiti naturay nga estado ken dagiti estado nga addaan iti limitado a pannakabigbig a napno kadagiti isla (Ti Australia ket naikeddeng a kas maysa a kontinente): dagiti addaan kadagiti pagbeddengan a daga ket namarisan iti berde, ken dagiti awanan ket namarisan iti nangisit nga asul]]

Ti maysa a '''pagilian nga isla''' ket ti [[pagilian]] a ti kangrunaan a teritoriona ket buklen ti maysa wenno ad-adu nga [[isla]] wenno dagiti parte ti isla. Manipud iti 2011, 46 (agarup a 24%&lt;ref name=&quot;Small is Democratic&quot;&gt;{{cite book| last = Ott| first = Dan| title = Small is Democratic| publisher = Routledge| year = 1996| pages = 128| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=JOqZ9eOeRXoC&amp;pg=PA128&amp;dq=%22island+country%22&amp;lr=#PPA128,M1| isbn = 0-8153-3910-0}}&lt;/ref&gt;) kadagiti 193 [[Dagiti estado a kameng ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagpagilian|estado a kameng ti UN]] ket dagiti pagilian nga isla.

== Politika ==
Ti porsiento dagiti pagilian nga isla a [[demokrasia|demokratiko]] ket ad-adu ngem dagiti [[wikt:continental#Adjective|kontinental]] a paglian. Iti  pakasaritaan, nasansanayda iti talinaay ti politika negm dagiti kapadada a kontinental.&lt;ref name=&quot;Small is Democratic&quot; /&gt;

== Gubat ==
Dagiti pagilian nga isla ket masasanda a gapuanan ti panagrukma iti baybay ken historikal a pagbaetan a karibal dagiti pagilian.&lt;ref name=&quot;The quest for identity&quot;&gt;{{cite news| last = Chasle| first = Raymond| title = The quest for identity. (island countries)| publisher = UNESCO Courier| date = 1 Oktubre 1986| url = http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-9197350_ITM| accessdate = 2009-02-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;Dagiti isla a pagilian ket nakarkaroda a maatake babaen dagiti dakkel, ken kontinental a pagilian gapu ti kadakkelda ken panagkamkammatalekda kadagiti linia ti komunikasion iti baybay ken angin.&lt;ref name=&quot;Measures of Effectiveness&quot;&gt;{{cite book| last = Perry| first = Walt L.|author2=Robert W. Button |author3=Jerome Bracken |author4=Thomas Sullivan |author5=Rand Corporation |author6=United States Navy |author7=Jonathan Mitchell| title = Measures of Effectiveness for the Information-age Navy| publisher = Rand Corporation| year = 2002| pages = 7| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=VwI0WLby3WoC&amp;pg=PA7&amp;dq=%22island+country%22&amp;lr=#PPA7,M1| isbn = 0-8330-3139-2}}&lt;/ref&gt;Adu kadagiti pagilian nga isla ket nakarkaroda pay a akabilen dagiti mersenario ken dagiti gangganaet nga agparparukma,&lt;ref name=&quot;Mercenary Holding Island Nation&quot;&gt;{{cite news| last = WREN| first = CHRISTOPHER S.| title = Mercenary Holding Island Nation Seeks Deal| publisher = New York Times| date = Disiembre 9, 1989| url = http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=950DE3DB173CF93AA35751C1A96F948260| accessdate = 2009-02-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;urayno ti pannakaisaluminada ket pakarigatan ti pannakapuntada. Dagiti nabileg a pagilian, kas ti [[Nagkaykaysa a Pagarian]] ket mabalinda nga agparang-ay iti [[marina]] para iti panagsalaknib ken panangipangato iti interesadoda, ken sagpaminsan a makunkuna iti [[bileg ti baybay]].

== Dagiti natural a rekurso ==
Adu kadagiti pagilian nga isla ket nakraoda nga agkamkamatalekda iti ikan a kas ti kangrunaan a taraonda. Adda met dagiti dadduma a mapmapan iti [[mapabaro nga enerhia]]—a kas ti [[bileg ti angin]], [[hydropower|bileg ti danum]], [[elektridad a heotermal|bileg ti heotermal]] ken [[biodiesel]] manipud iti [[lana ti iniog|lana ti copra]]—tapno mabakalanda dagiti presio ti lana.&lt;ref name=&quot;renewable energy&quot;&gt;{{cite web
| last = Xingwei
| first = Huang
| title = Pacific Islands countries switch to renewable energy source due to increasing fuel prices
| publisher = 
| date = 2008-10-17
| url = http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-10/17/content_10210370.htm
| accessdate = 2009-02-01
| archive-date = 2015-04-02
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150402144005/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-10/17/content_10210370.htm
| url-status = dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Heograpia ==
Adda met dagiti pagilian nga isla ket nakarkaroda a maapektaran ngem dagiti dadduma pagilian babaen ti panabaliw ti klima, nga agpataud kadagiti problema a kas ti panagpabassit iti panagusar ti daga, kabassit ti danum ken sagpaminsan pay a gapuanan kadagiti banag a maipanggep iti panabaliw iti pagtaengan. Adda met dagiti pagilian nga isla nga ababa ti ayanda ket agin-inutda a lumlumned babaen ti ngumatngato a danum iti [[Taaw Pasipiko]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Leader of disappearing island nation&quot;&gt;{{cite web
| title = Leader of disappearing island nation says climate change an issue of survival, not economics
| date = Hunio 5, 2008
| url = http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2008/06/05/asia/AS-GEN-New-Zealand-World-Environment-Day.php
| accessdate = 2009-02-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;Mabanagan pay dagiti pagilian nga isla iti panagbaliw ti klima babaen dagiti natural a didigra a kas dagiti [[tropikal nga alipugpog]], dagiti bagio, dagiti layus ken [[igaw]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Climate change threatens food security&quot;&gt;{{cite web
| title = FAO: Climate change threatens food security of Pacific island countries
| date = Disiembre 2, 2008
| url = http://english.people.com.cn/90001/90777/90856/6544815.html
| accessdate = 2009-02-01}}&lt;/ref&gt; Idi 2011, ti Center for Climate Change Law (CCCL) ket nagtengngel iti komperensia napanan dagiti 272 ra nagrehistro manipud kadagiti 39 a pagilian nga isla a natituluan iti ''Legal Issues for Threatened Island Nations''.&lt;ref&gt;http://www.earth.columbia.edu/articles/view/2826&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ekonomia ==
Adda kadagiti pagilian nga isla ket nakaroda nga agkamkammatalek kadagiti import ken nakaroda a maapektaran  babaen dagiti panagbaliw iti ekonomia ti sangalubongan.&lt;ref name=&quot;cctv&quot;&gt;{{cite web
| title = Global economic crisis a concern for Pacific island countries
| date = 2008-10-28
| url = http://www.cctv.com/program/bizchina/20081028/106856.shtml
| accessdate = 2009-02-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Dagiti ekonomia dagiti pagilian  nga isla ket kadawyanda a basbassit ken nakarkaroda a maapektaran kadagiti ngina ti panagipatulod, pannakadadael ti inpraestrutura babaen ti enbiromento, ken ti pannakaisalumina kadagiti dadduma nga ekonomia kadagiti dakdakkel a pagilian; dagiti mailaksid ket mairaman ti Hapon, Australia ken ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagarian&lt;ref name=&quot;Trade Policy Course&quot;&gt;{{cite web
| title = WTO/FORSEC Trade Policy Course for Pacific island countries
| date = 9 Marso 2001
| url = http://www.wto.org/english/news_e/news01_e/fiji_e.htm
| accessdate = 2009-02-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NZ calls for global solutions&quot;&gt;{{cite web
| title = NZ calls for global solutions to problems faced by small island nations
| date = 2005-01-18
| url = http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2005-01/18/content_2475179.htm
| accessdate = 2009-02-01
| archive-date = 2012-10-24
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121024065854/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2005-01/18/content_2475179.htm
| url-status = dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;U.N. ambassador gives keynote&quot;&gt;{{cite web
| last = Garg
| first = Sarika
| title = U.N. ambassador gives keynote
| url = http://www.dailypennsylvanian.com/home/index.cfm?event=displayArticlePrinterFriendly&amp;uStory_id=ce109893-987e-42f8-816f-019cbd58eefa
| accessdate = 2009-02-01
}}{{Natay a silpo|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
Ti kaaduan nga industria para kadagiti adu a pagilian nga isla ket [[turismo]].&lt;ref name=&quot;tourist destinations&quot;&gt;{{cite news
| title = China enlists Pacific island countries as tourist destinations, XINHUA.
| date = 10 Agosto 2004
| url = http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-12915601_ITM
| accessdate = 1 Pebrero 2009
| work=The America's Intelligence Wire}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Komposision ==
Dagiti pagilian nga isla ket kadawyanda a bassit nga addaan kadagiti bassit a populasion, urayno adda met, kas iti [[Indonesia]] ken [[Hapon]] ket isuda dagiti mailaksid.&lt;ref name=&quot;Wen pledges new aid to Pacific countries&quot;&gt;{{cite web
| title = Wen pledges new aid to Pacific countries
| publisher = International Herald Tribune
| date = Abril 5, 2006
| url = http://www.iht.com/articles/2006/04/05/news/pacific.php
| accessdate = 2013-08-21}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Adda met dagiti pagilian nga isla a naisentro iti maysa wenno dua a nangruna nga is-isla, kas ti [[Nagkaykaysa a Pagarian]], [[Trinidad ken Tobago]], [[Baro a Selanda]], [[Kuba]], [[Bahrain]], [[Abu Dhabi]], [[Singapur]] ken [[Taiwan]]. Dagiti dadduma ket naiwarwarasda kadagiti ginasut wenno rinibu a babbabassit nga isla, kas ti [[Indonesia]], [[Hapon]], ti [[Filipinas]], [[Seychelles]], ken ti [[Maldibas]]. Adda met dagiti pagilian nga isla a makibinningay iti maysa wenno ad-adu iti bukodda nga is-isla kadagiti sabali a pagilian, kas ti Nagkaykaysa a Pagarian ken ti [[Republika ti Irlanda|Irlanda]]; [[Haiti]] ken ti [[Republika a Dominikano]]; ken ti [[Indonesia]], a makibinningayda kadagiti isla iti [[Papua Baro a Guinea]], [[Brunei]], [[Daya a Timor]], ken [[Malaysia]]. Ti [[Malaysia]] ken [[Singapur]] ket ti pay sabali a pagarigan iti daytoy ken ti naud-udi ket parte idi ti dati aginggana idi 1965.

Iti heograpia, to pagilian ti [[Australia]] ket naikeddeng a kas [[kontinente]]al a masa ti daga imbes a maysa nga isla, a mangsakop ti kadakkelan a masa ti daga ti [[Australia (kontinente)|kontinente ti Australia]]. Iti napalabas, nupay kasta, naikeddeng idi daytoy a kas maysa nga isla para kadagiti panggep ti turismo.&lt;ref name=&quot;nla.gov.au&quot;&gt;{{cite web
| title = Australian Naval Defence
| publisher = The Brisbane Courier
| date = 24 Hulio 1897
| url = http://ndpbeta.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/3655029
| accessdate = 2009-01-31
| archive-date = 2012-11-29
| archive-url = https://archive.today/20121129033033/http://ndpbeta.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/3655029
| url-status = dead
}} {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20121129033033/http://ndpbeta.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/3655029 |date=2012-11-29 }}&lt;/ref&gt; (among others) and is still often referred to as such.&lt;ref name=&quot;China, Pacific island countries&quot;&gt;{{cite web
| title = China, Pacific island countries discuss cooperation at forum meeting
| url = http://english.people.com.cn/200604/05/eng20060405_256086.html
| accessdate = 2009-02-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dagiti nagibasaran ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Kontrol ti autoridad}}

[[Kategoria:Dagiti pagilian nga isla| ]]
[[Kategoria:Maipapan iti politika a heograpia|Pagilian nga isla]]
[[Kategoria:Dagiti pannakaidasig ti pagilian]]</text>
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      <text bytes="3908" sha1="e4lf2aoy8qnk9l6rw3jq6tv9gj54aoy" xml:space="preserve">Ti '''Yaalsa ti Filipino''' ([[Pagsasao a Filipino|Filipino]]: ''Himagsikang Pilipino''), tinawtawagan pay a kas '''Gubat ti Tagalog''' babaen ti Espaniol,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Bielakowski Ph.D. |first1=Alexander M. |title=Ethnic and Racial Minorities in the U.S. Military: An Encyclopedia |date=Enero 2013 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-427-6}}&lt;/ref&gt; ket naglabanan idi ti tattao ti [[Filipinas]] ken dagiti turay ti kolonia ti Espania.

Ti Yaalsa ti Filipino ket nangrugi idi Agosto 1896, idi naduktalan dagiti turay ti Espaniol ti ''[[Katipunan]]'', ti maysa a [[anti-imperialismo|kontra-kolonia]] a [[sekreto a kagimongan|sekreto a gunglo]]. Ti ''Katipunan'', nga indauluan babaen ni [[Andrés Bonifacio]], ket tignay idi ti liberasionista a ti gandatna idiket wayawaya manipud iti Espania babaen ti siigan a gulo. Ti gunglo ket nangrugrugi a nakaimpluensia iti kaaduan ti Filipinas. Idi las-ud ti adu a panagurnong ti tattao idiay a [[Caloocan]], dagiti daulo ti ''Katipunan'' ket inurnosda ti bagbagida iti maysa a rebulusionario a gobierno ken ninaganan ti baro a napundar a gobierno iti &quot;[[Haring Bayang Katagalugan]]&quot;, ken siwawaya nga inrangarang iti maysa a siigam a rebolusion iti amin a paset ti pagilian.&lt;ref name=&quot;guererro1&quot;&gt;{{citation |last1=Guererro |first1=Milagros |last2=Encarnacion |first2=Emmanuel |last3=Villegas |first3=Ramon |title=Andres Bonifacio and the 1896 Revolution |journal=Sulyap Kultura |volume=1 |issue=2 |pages=3–12 |publisher=National Commission for Culture and the Arts |year=1996 |url=http://www.ncca.gov.ph/about-culture-and-arts/articles-on-c-n-a/article.php?i=5&amp;subcat=1}}&lt;/ref&gt; Timmawag ni Bonifacio para iti maysa a panagraut iti kapitolio a siudad ti [[Manila]]. Napaay daytoy a panagraut; nupay kasta, nagrugrugi a naggulo dagiti probinsia. Nagnagruna dagiti rebelde idiay [[Cavite]] nga indauluan babaen da [[Mariano Alvarez]] ken [[Emilio Aguinaldo]] (a nagtaudda manipud kadagiti sabali a sangkatipunan ti ''Katipunan'') a nagabak kadagiti nasapa a panagballigi. Ti maysa a salisal iti bileg kadagiti rebolusionario ket isu ti gapuanan ti ipupusay ni Bonifacio idi 1897 ken daytoy ti nagbaliwan ti panagbilin kenni Aguinaldo, nga isu met ket nangidaulo iti bukodna a rebolusionario a gobierno. Dayta a tawen, dagiti rebolusionario ken dagiti Espaniol ket nagpirmada iti [[Tulag ti Biak-na-Bato]], a temporario a nangpassit dagiti panagsusuppiat. Bukod a nageksilo ni Aguinaldo idiay [[Hong Kong]]. Nupay kasta, dagiti panagsusuppiat ket saan unay a kompleto a nagpatingga.&lt;ref name=&quot;guererro2&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|Custodio|Dalisay|1998}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dagiti nota ==
{{Reflist}}

== Dagiti akinruar a silpo ==
* [http://cgsc.leavenworth.army.mil/carl/download/csipubs/coats/Coats_part_1.pdf Part 1] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081218193816/http://cgsc.leavenworth.army.mil/carl/download/csipubs/coats/Coats_part_1.pdf |date=2008-12-18 }} (Ch. I–IV), [http://cgsc.leavenworth.army.mil/carl/download/csipubs/coats/Coats_part_2.pdf Part 2] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070704025658/http://cgsc.leavenworth.army.mil/carl/download/csipubs/coats/Coats_part_2.pdf |date=2007-07-04 }} (Ch. V–VIII).
* [http://www.univie.ac.at/Voelkerkunde/apsis/aufi/history/mabini2.htm Ti Yaalsa ti Filipinas babaen ni Apolinario Mabini]
* [http://www.msc.edu.ph/centennial/kalayaan.html Sentenial a Sitio: Ti Katipunan]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20091026192428/http://geocities.com/lkilat/ Sakupen ni Leon Kilat]ti Yaalsa idiay Cebu (naarkibo manipud iti idi 2009-10-26)
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071013134717/http://philnewscentral.com/cgi-bin/redirect.cgi?url=philrev.html Sabali a Sitio iti Yaalsa](naarkibo manipud iti [http://www.philnewscentral.com/cgi-bin/redirect.cgi?url=philrev.html kasisigud] idi 2007-10-13)

{{Filipinas-pungol}}

[[Kategoria:Yaalsa ti Filipino| ]]
[[Kategoria:Pakasaritaan ti Filipinas (1521–1898)]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Filipino nga Insik</title>
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      <text bytes="4101" sha1="e5q6ib0ghk5u8dxepbb422dxh5aa7oy" xml:space="preserve">{{infobox grupo ti etniko
| group = Insik a Filipino&lt;br /&gt; 華菲人 &lt;br /&gt; ''Tsinoy''
| total  = '''1,350,000''' (2013)&lt;ref name=&quot;Senate 2013&quot; /&gt;
| regions = [[Metro Manila]], [[Metro Cebu]], [[Metro Bacolod]], [[Angeles, Pampanga|Angeles]]&lt;br /&gt; [[Baguio]], [[Siudad ti Davao|Davao]], [[Iligan]], [[Siudad ti Iloilo|Iloilo]], [[Laguna]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Siudad ti Lucena]], [[Naga, Camarines Sur|Naga]], [[Sulu]], [[Siudad ti Tarlac|Tarlac]], [[Vigan]], [[Siudad ti Zamboanga|Zamboanga]]
| langs    = [[Pagsasao a Filipino|Filipino]] ken dagiti dadduma pay a [[Dagiti pagsasao ti Filipinas|pagsasao ti Filipinas]]&lt;br /&gt; [[Pagsasao a Hokkien|Hokkien]], [[Pagalagadan nga Insik|Mandarin]], [[Pagalagadan a Kantones|Kantones]], [[Dialekto a Teochew|Teochew (Chao Chow)]], [[Ingles a Filipino|Ingles]]
&lt;br /&gt;[[Insik a Min]], [[Insik a Yue]], [[Insik a Hakka]]&lt;br /&gt;dagiti nadumduma pay a [[Dagiti karuay ti Insik|karuay ti Insik]]
| rels    = [[Romano Katolisismo]], [[Budismo]], [[Islam]], [[Protestantismo]], [[Daoismo]]
| related = [[Sangley]], [[Akin-abagatan nga Insik]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Ballasiw-taaw nga Insik]]
}}

Dagiti '''Filipino nga Insik''' ([[Pagsasao a Filipino|Filipino]]: ''Tsinoy'' {{IPA-tl|tʃɪnoɪ|}} wenno ''Intsik'' {{IPA-tl|ɪntʃɪk|}}; {{zh|s=华菲|t=華菲|p=Huáfēi}}; [[Minnan|Hokkien]]: ''Huâ-hui''; [[Insik a Yue|Kantones]]: ''Wàhfèi'') ket dagiti Filipino iti kaputotan nga [[Insik a Han|Insik]], a kaaduan a naiyanak ken dimmakkel idiay [[Filipinas]].

Dagiti Filipino nga Insik ket maysa kadagiti kadakkelan a komunidad ti [[ballasiw-taaw nga Insik]] iti [[Abagatan a daya nga Asia]].&lt;ref name=&quot;ocac.gov.tw&quot; /&gt; Adda dagiti agarup a 2 a riwriw a Filipino nga addaan iti puro a puonan iti Insik, wenno agarup a 1.8% iti populasion.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.senate.gov.ph/press_release/2013/0121_prib1.asp |title=Senate declares Chinese New Year as special working holiday}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dagiti Filipino nga Insik ket mairepresentada kadagiti amin nga agpang iti kagimongan ti Filipinas ken naitiptiponda iti politiko ken ekonomia. Dagiti Filipino nga Insik ket addada iti kaunegan dagiti nadumaduma a komersio ken dagiti sektor ti negosio idiay Filipinas ken dagiti dadduma a taudan ket mangkarkulo a dagiti kompania a mangbukel iti adu a paset ti ekonomia ti Filipinas ket tagikua babaen dagiti Filipino nga Insik, no mairaman dagiti [[Sangley]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Amy Chua, pp. 3 &amp; 43&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/02_52/b3814021.htm |title=BW Online &amp;#124; December 30, 2002 &amp;#124; Is Democracy Dangerous? |publisher=Businessweek.com |date=2002-12-30 |accessdate=2012-04-22 |archive-date=2003-01-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030108194146/http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/02_52/b3814021.htm |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BgWumPDyaSIC&amp;pg=PA54 |title=Essential Outsiders: Chinese and Jews in the Modern Transformation of... - Daniel Chirot, Anthony Reid – Google Books |via=[[Google Books]]|accessdate=2012-05-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dagiti nagibasaran ==
{{Reflist|refs=
&lt;ref name=&quot;Senate 2013&quot;&gt;{{Cite press release|title=Senate declares Chinese New Year as special working holiday|date=2013-01-21|publisher=PRIB, Office of the Senate Secretary, Senate of the Philippines|url=http://www.senate.gov.ph/press_release/2013/0121_prib1.asp|last1=Macrohon|first1=Pilar}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;ocac.gov.tw&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.ocac.gov.tw/english/public/public.asp?selno=1163&amp;no=1163&amp;level=B |title=:: Overseas Compatriot Affairs Commission, R.O.C. :: |publisher=Ocac.gov.tw |accessdate=2012-04-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Amy Chua, pp. 3 &amp; 43&quot;&gt;Amy Chua, &quot;World on Fire&quot;, 2003, Doubleday, pp. 3 &amp; 43.&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

== Dagiti akinruar a silpo ==
{{Commonscat-inline|Chinese diaspora in the Philippines}}
*[http://www.filipinochinese.tk/ Filipino Chinese Association] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160918031114/http://www.filipinochinese.tk/ |date=2016-09-18 }}

{{Dagiti grupo ti etniko iti Filipinas}}
{{Filipinas-pungol}}

[[Kategoria:Dagiti grupo ti etniko iti Filipinas|Insik]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Pagsasao nga Iban</title>
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      <text bytes="5772" sha1="d20d6px8y49phaazgcsyt9337j0kxh5" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox pagsasao
|name=Iban
|altname=Jaku Iban
|nativename=
|states= [[Malaysia]], [[Indonesia]], [[Brunei]]
|region=[[Borneo]]
|speakers={{sigfig|788,400|2}}
|ethnicity= [[Tattao nga Iban]]
|date=2013
|ref=e18
|speakers2=700,000 [[Maikadua a pagsasao|Dagiti L2 nga agsasao]] idiay Malaysia (2013)&lt;ref name=e18 /&gt;
|familycolor=Austronesio
|fam2=[[Sasao a Malayo-Polinesio|Malayo-Polinesio]]
|fam3=[[Sasao a Malayiko|Malayiko]]
|fam4=[[Sasao nga Ibaniko|Ibaniko]]
|script=[[Sinuratan a Latin|Latin]], [[Sinuratan a Dunging|Dunging]]
|iso2=iba
|iso3=iba
|glotto=iban1264
|glottorefname=Iban
}}

Ti '''pagsasao nga Iban''' (''jaku Iban'') ket insasao babaen dagiti [[Tattao nga Iban|Iban]], ti sanga ti grupo ti etniko ti [[Tattao a Dayak|Dayak]] a dati nga ammo kas &quot;Dayak Baybay&quot; nga agtataeng idiay [[Sarawak]], ti probinsia ti [[Indonesia]] ti [[Kalimantan Barat]] ken idiay [[Brunei]].  Daytoy ket tagikua ti [[sasao a Malayiko]] ti sanga ti [[Sasao a Malayo-Polinesio|Malayo-Polinesio]] ti [[Sasao nga Austronesio|pamilia ti pagsasao nga Austronesio]], ken kabagian ti [[Pagsasao a Malayo|Malayo]], ken as-asideg iti [[Malayo Sarawak]]. Naipagpagarup a ti pagtaengan ti [[sasao a Malayiko]] ket idiay akinlaud a  Borneo, nga adda pay laeng idiay ti sasao nga Ibaniko. Ti sanga ti Malayano ket mangirepresenta ti sekondario a pannakaiwarwaras, mabalin a manipud iti tengnga a Sumatra ngem mabalin pay a manipud idiay Borneo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |title=The Austronesians: Historical and Comparative Perspectives |publisher=ANU Press |isbn=978-1-920942-85-4 |editor-last=Bellwood |editor-first=Peter |location=Canberra |language=en |doi=10.22459/a.09.2006 |editor-last2=Fox |editor-first2=James J. |editor-last3=Tryon |editor-first3=Darrell |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dagiti dialekto ==
Mabalin a mabingbingay ti Iban kadagiti nadumadumaa a grupo ti sub-etniko, ti tunggal maysa ket makasao kadagiti nadumaduma a dialekto. Ti kapormalan, agpakatengnga, ken agob-obra a dialekto ket ti dialekto a Saribas, ken kangrunaan ti Betong ken Saratok. Dagiti dadduma pay a kas ti Balau, Sebuyau, Ulu Ai, ken Rejang ket [[agsinnaranay a maawatan]]da iti amin a paset ti rehion ti Sarawak. Ti mailaksid ket ti dialekto ti Iban a [[Pagsasao a Remun|Remun/Milikin]], a maaw-awatan pay laeng dagiti Iban manipud kadagiti sabali a distrito. Iti Laud a Kalimantan, dagiti dialekto a kas ti Bugau, Seberuang, Mualang, Chengkang, Sebaru, ken Dau ket aduda nga agduduma.

=== Panangiyasping dagiti dialekto ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Panangiyasping ti Sarawak Iban ken [[Pagsasao a Mualang|Mualang]]
! Ilokano
! Balau (Sarawak)
! Mualang (Kalimantan)
|-
|Kawitan
|Manuk
|Renyau
|-
|Angot
|Nyium
|Lulum
|-
|Kuneng
|Tuyu, banga
|Mawa
|-
|Singin
|sapit
|Rakup
|-
|Tawa
|Penyinga/jenila
|Telingu'
|-
|Ama
|Apai
|Mpai
|-
|Rikna
|Asai
|Asa'
|-
|Ken
|Enggau
|Aba'
|-
|Ayup
|Jelu
|Ibun
|-
|Urnos
|Tusun
|Tunsun, tipan
|-
|Anges
|Seput
|Penyuan
|-
|}

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Panangiyasping ti Pagalagadan nga Iban ken [[Pagsasao a Remun|Remun]]
! Ilokano
! Pagalagadan nga Iban
! Remun/Milikin
|-
|Saan
|Enda
|Entai
|-
|Kitaen
|Meda
|Ngilau
|-
|Ammo
|Nemu
|Badak
|-
|Kamiseta
|Gari
|Kelatang
|-
|Agtaray
|Belanda
|Belawa
|-
|Agulimek!
|Anang inggar
|Sengian
|-
|Kuneng
|Beli'/Palui/bangka
|Labuan
|-
|Saan
|Nadai
|Entai
|-
|Intono bigat
|Pagila
|Pagi
|-
|Later
|Lagi/legi
|Ila
|-
|Kamen
|Tikai
|Kelaya
|-
|Nasayat
|Manah
|Nyelaie
|-
|}

-Dagiti wadan a sao iti Iban Remun-
* ''Entai ku ngilau'' – &quot;Nadai aku meda.&quot; (Saanko a nakita.)
* ''Entauk ku badak'' – &quot;Enda ku nemu.&quot; (Sanko nga ammo.)

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Panangiyasping iti Pagalagadan nga Iban ken Sebuyau
! Ilokano
! Pagaalagaadan nga Iban
! Sebuyau/Kua'
|-
|Sika
|Nuan
|Kua'
|-
|Apay
|Lapa
|Mentang
|-
|Kuneng
|Tuyu, beli
|Banga
|-
|San
|Enda
|Adai
|-
|Madamdam
|Lagi
|Ila
|-
|Intono bigat
|Pagila
|Pagi
|-
|Ammo
|Nemu
|Siba
|-
|Agalisto
|Beguai/Berumban
|Temengat
|-
|Dadduma a sida
|Engkayu
|Hempah
|-
|Rummuar
|Pansut
|Temenyul
|-
|Alimbasagen
|Kekasak
|Kekajal
|-
|Narugit
|Temerak
|Kemada
|-
|Kasla daytoy
|Baka nya
|Baka nia
|-
|Gapuanan
|Ngasuh
|Mela
|-
|Nakigtot
|Tekenyit
|Tekanyat
|-
|Nabuntog
|Lubah
|Lumbu
|-
|}

== Dagiti nagibasaran ==
{{Reflist}}

== Adu pay a mabasbasa ==
{{refbegin}}
* {{Cite book |last=Richards |first=Anthony |title=An Iban-English Dictionary |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York |publication-date=1981 |language=en}}
* {{Cite thesis |last=Asmah Haji Omar |title=The Iban Language of Sarawak: A Grammatical Description |date=1969 |degree=PhD |publisher=SOAS University of London |url=http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/id/eprint/29481 |language=en}}
* {{Cite book |last=Asmah Haji Omar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_KZkAAAAMAAJ |title=The Iban Language of Sarawak: A Grammatical Description |date=1981 |publisher=Kementarian Pelajaran Malaysia |location=Kuala Lumpur |language=en}}
* {{Cite book |last=Steinmayer |first=Otto |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w6hkAAAAMAAJ |title=Jalai Jako' Iban: A Basic Grammar of the Iban Language of Sarawak |date=1999 |publisher=Klasik Publishing House |location=Kuching |language=en}}
{{refend}}

== Dagiti akinruar a silpo ==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20191023062833/http://justus.anglican.org/resources/bcp/Malaysia/iban_hc.html Ator Sambiang Mass Baru: The Holy Eucharist in Iban (1980)] Anglican eucharistic liturgy digitized by Richard Mammana

{{incubator|iba}}
{{Dagiti pagsasao ti Malaysia}}
{{Dagiti pagsasao ti Indonesia}}
{{Dagiti pagsasao ti Brunei}}
{{Sasao a Nuklear a Malayo-Polinesio}}
{{au-pagsasao-pungol}}

{{Kontrol ti autoridad}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Iban}}
[[Kategoria:Dagiti pagsasao ti Brunei]]
[[Kategoria:Dagiti pagsasao ti Malaysia]]
[[Kategoria:Dagiti pagsasao ti Indonesia]]
[[Kategoria:Sasao nga Ibaniko]]</text>
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      <text bytes="3746" sha1="iieaa1xwrtn74ps1dg0eu2m0ix2ue0k" xml:space="preserve">{{infobox website
| logo = Openstreetmap logo.svg
| logo_size  = 128px
| logocaption =
| screenshot = OpenStreetMap homepage 2018 en.png
| screenshot_size = 240px
| caption = Panid ti balay ti OSM 
| url = [https://www.openstreetmap.org/ openstreetmap.org]
| slogan = The Free Wiki World Map
| commercial = Saan
| type = [[Kolaboratibo a panangimapa]]
| registration = Nasken para kadagiti kontributor
| language = Saan a basbassit ngem 151 a patarus iti sitio ken dagiti awan limitado a pagsasao iti mapa&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Translating OpenStreetMap|url=http://translatewiki.net/wiki/Translating:OpenStreetMap/stats/trunk|accessdate=27 Hulio 2015|archive-date=2020-04-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200428180125/https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Translating:OpenStreetMap/stats/trunk|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200428180125/https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Translating:OpenStreetMap/stats/trunk |date=2020-04-28 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| num_users = 3,047,649&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Stats|url=http://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Stats|accessdate=12 Septiembre 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| content_license = [[Open Database License|ODbL]]
| owner = Komunidad ti OpenStreetMap. Suporta ti proyekto babaen ti [[OpenStreetMap Foundation]]&lt;ref name=&quot;osm-wiki-faq&quot; /&gt;
| author = [[Steve Coast]]
| editor =
| launch_date = {{Start date and age|2004|8|9|df=yes}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://whois.domaintools.com/openstreetmap.org|title=OpenStreetMap.com WHOIS, DNS, &amp; Domain Info – DomainTools|work=WHOIS|date= |accessdate=2016-08-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| revenue =
| current_status = Aktibo
| alexa = {{increase}} [http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/openstreetmap.org 6,095] {{small|{{nowrap|(Global, Hunio 2016)}}}}
| footnotes =
}}

Ti '''OpenStreetMap''' ('''OSM''') ket ti [[birtual a komunidad|kolaboratibo a proyekto]] tapno agpartuat iti [[nawaya alinaon|nawaya]] a maurnos a [[mapa]] iti lubong. Ti pannakapartuat ken idadakkel ti OSM ket nairag-o babaen dagiti nagawidan a panagusar wenno ti pannakagun-od ti pakaamo ti mapa iti kaaduan a paset iti lubong, ken ti pannakaipayammo ti saan a nangina a maawit nga alikamen ti [[nabigasion ti satelite]].&lt;ref name=&quot;GPS-inspires-DIY&quot; /&gt; Ti OSM ket naikeddeng a prominenta a pagarigan ti [[naiboluntario a heograpiko a pakaammo]].

== Dagiti nagibasaran ==
{{Reflist|refs=
&lt;ref name=&quot;osm-wiki-faq&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/FAQ#Who_owns_OpenStreetMap.3F |title=FAQ |work=OpenStreetMap Wiki |accessdate=15 Abril 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;GPS-inspires-DIY&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Global Positioning Tech Inspires Do-It-Yourself Mapping Project |first=Mark |last=Anderson |url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2006/10/061018-street-maps.html |newspaper=National Geographic News |date=18 Oktubre 2006 |accessdate=25 Pebrero 2012 |archive-date=2009-02-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090211044643/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2006/10/061018-street-maps.html |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

== Adu pay a mabasbasa ==
* {{Cite book|title=OpenStreetMap: Be Your Own Cartographer |last=Bennett |first=Jonathan |year=2010 |publisher=Packt Publishing |isbn=978-1-84719-750-4 |url=https://archive.org/details/openstreetmapbey0000benn}}
* {{Cite book|title=OpenStreetMap: Using and Enhancing the Free Map of the World |last1=Ramm |first1=Frederik |last2=Topf |first2=Jochen |last3=Chilton |first3=Steve |year=2010 |publisher=UIT Cambridge |isbn=978-1-906860-11-0 |url=https://archive.org/details/openstreetmapusi0000ramm}}

== Dagiti akinruar a silpo ==
{{commonscat-inline|OpenStreetMap}}
*{{Opisial a website}}
*[[openstreetmap:Research|Sientipiko a panagsukisok iti OpenStreetMap]]

{{Kontrol ti autoridad}}
{{Internet-pungol}}

[[Kategoria:OpenStreetMap| ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Sama-Bajau</title>
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      <text bytes="7826" sha1="i45821o4y96ogsbc9cc971uvher42gf" xml:space="preserve">{{maipanggep|tattao|sasao|sasao a Sama–Bajaw}}
{{Infobox grupo ti etniko
|group      = Dagiti tattao a Sama-Bajau
|image      = [[Papeles:Bajau Laut Pictures 6.jpg|250px|Ti babai a Sama-Bajau nga agiyangkla iti bangka ti pamilia (banglo) idiay Malaysia]] [[Papeles:Bajau-Philippines 4.jpg|250px|Ti kadawyan a paftaengan ti Sama-Bajau idiay Filipinas]]
|caption    =
|population =  Saan a basbassit ngem 470,000 idiay Filipinas; Saan a basbassit ngem 436,672 idiay Sabah, Malaysia;&lt;ref name=&quot;pop&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.statistics.gov.my/portal/download_Population/files/population/05Jadual_Mukim_negeri/Mukim_Sabah.pdf|title=Total population by ethnic group, administrative district and state, Malaysia|publisher=Department of Statistics, Malaysia|year=2010|accessdate=12 Oktubre 2014|pages=369/1|format=[[PDF]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120227090345/http://www.statistics.gov.my/portal/download_Population/files/population/05Jadual_Mukim_negeri/Mukim_Sabah.pdf|archivedate=27 Pebrero 2012|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; 175,000 idiay Indonesia;&lt;ref&gt;https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/10582/ID&lt;/ref&gt; 12,000 idiay Brunei.&lt;ref&gt;https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/12978/BX&lt;/ref&gt;
|regions    =
{{wagaywaypagilian|PHI}}&lt;br /&gt;{{smaller|([[Purpuro ti Sulu]], [[Peninsula ti Zamboanga]], [[Davao del Sur]], [[Mindanao]])}}
----
{{wagaywaypagilian|MYS}}&lt;br /&gt;{{smaller|([[Sabah]])}}
----
{{wagaywaypagilian|IDN}}&lt;br /&gt;{{smaller|([[Kalimantan]], [[Sulawesi]], [[Is-isla Basbassit a Sunda]], [[Is-isla Maluku]], [[Peninsula ti Ulo ti Billit]], [[Is-isla Kangean]])}}
----
{{wagaywaypagilian|BRU}}
----[[Ballasiw-taaw a Filipino|Sangalubongan]]
|languages  = [[Pagsasao a Sama|Sinama]],&lt;ref name=&quot;Bajau Language&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://sinama.org/2013/01/what-language-do-the-badjao-speak/|title=What Language do the Badjao Speak?|work=Kauman Sama Online|publisher=Sinama.org|accessdate=23 Pebrero 2013|archive-date=2023-06-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230601183946/https://sinama.org/2013/01/what-language-do-the-badjao-speak/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Pagsasao a Bajaw|Bajau]], [[Pagsasao a Tausug|Tausūg]], [[Pagsasao a Chabacano|Zambaongueño Chavacano]], [[Pagsasao a Cebuano|Cebuano]], [[Pagsasao a Tagalog|Tagalog]], [[Pagsasao a Malayo|Malayo]], [[Pagsasao a Bugines|Bugis]], [[Pagsasao nga Indones|Indones]] ken [[Pagsasao nga Ingles|Ingles]]
|religions  = [[Sunni nga Islam]] (kaaduan,&lt;br /&gt; [[Folk nga Islam]], [[Animismo]], [[Kristianidad]]
|related    = [[Tattao a Yakan|Yakan]], [[Tattao nga Iranun|Iranun]],&lt;br /&gt; [[Tattao a Tausūg|Tausūg]], daddumap ay a [[Tattao a Moro|Moro]], [[Tattao a Filipino|Filipino]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Tattao a Malayo|Malayso]], [[Bugis]], ken dagiti [[tattao nga Austronesio]]
}}

Ti '''Sama-Bajau''' ket mangibagbaga kadagiti nadumaduma a [[grupo ti etniko]] ti [[Tattao nga Austronesio|Austronesio]] iti [[Maritimo nga Abagatan a daya nga Asia]] wa dagiti nagtaudanda manipud iti akin-abagatan a  [[Filipinas]]. Ti nagan ket kolektibo a mangibagabga iti mainaig a tattao a kadawyan a nagtawtawag iti bagbagida a kas ti '''Sama''' wenno '''Samah'''; wenno ammo laeng babaen dagiti [[eksonimo]] a kas '''Bajau''' (nailetra pay akas '''Badjao''', '''Bajaw''', '''Badjau''', '''Badjaw''', '''Bajo''' wenno '''Bayao''') ken '''Samal''' wenno '''Siyamal''' (ti naud-udi ket naikedeng a makapasagid). Kadawyanda nga agtataeng iti ayan ti baybay a panagbiag, ken agus-usarda ti bassit a naitarikayo paglayagan a bangka a kas ti ''[[perahu]]'' (''layag'' iti [[Pagsasao a Maranao|Meranau]]), ''djenging'', ''balutu'', ''lepa'', ''pilang'', ken ''[[vinta]]'' (wenno ''lepa-lepa'').&lt;!--&lt;ref name=&quot;nimmo&quot; /&gt;--&gt; Adda met dagiti grupo ti Sama-Bajau a patneng iti [[Sabah]] ket maammuan pay ida para kadagiti tradisional a [[kultura ti kabalio]].

Dagiti Sama-Bajau ket tradisionalda a manipud kadagiti adu nga isla ti [[Purpuro ti Sulu]] idiay [[Filipinas]], dagiti lugar ti igid ti baybay ti [[Mindanao]], akin-amianan ken akindaya a [[Borneo]], ti [[Celebes]], ken iti amin a paset dagiti akindaya nga isla ti [[Indonesia]].&lt;ref name=&quot;orang bajo&quot;&gt;{{Cite thesis |degree=Social Anthropology Bachelor's |chapter= |title=Living on Boundaries: The Orang Bajo of Tinakin Laut, Indonesia |url=http://igitur-archive.library.uu.nl/student-theses/2010-0303-200346/Kemkens%20Lotte.pdf |author=Lotte Kemkens |publisher=University of Utrecht |accessdate=21 Marso 2011 |archive-date=2011-11-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111117103949/http://igitur-archive.library.uu.nl/student-theses/2010-0303-200346/Kemkens%20Lotte.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Idiay Filipinas, kakuyogda a naigrupo iti kadada iti relihion a  [[tattao a Moro]]. Iti kaunegan dagiti naudi a 50 a tawen, adu kadagiti Filipino a Sama-Bajau ket immakarda iti kaarruba a [[Malaysia]] ken ti akin-amianan nga is-isla ti Filipinas, gapu ti [[Suppiat ti Moro iti Filipinas|suppiat idiay Mindanao]].&lt;!--&lt;ref name=&quot;Statelessness&quot; /&gt;--&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://sinama.org/about-sama-people/the-bajau-and-sama-people/|title=The Bajau, the Badjao, the Samals, and the Sama People|accessdate=3 Disiembre 2012|archive-date=2023-01-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230118035419/https://sinama.org/about-sama-people/the-bajau-and-sama-people/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Manipud idi 2010, isuda idin ti maikadua a kadakkelan a grupo ti etniko iti [[Dagiti estado ti Malaysia|estado ti Malaysia]] ti [[Sabah]].&lt;ref name=&quot;pop&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.sabah.gov.my/main/en-GB/Home/About|title=Sabah's People and History|quote=The [[Kadazan-Dusun]] is the largest ethnic group in Sabah that makes up almost 30% of the population. Dagiti Bajau, wenno ammo pay a kas dagiti &quot;Cowboy ti Daya&quot;, ken dagiti [[Tattao a Murut|Murut]], ti tattao ti turod ken dagiti napalabas nga agan-anup iti ulo, ket respektibo a dagiti maikadua ken maikatlo a kadakkelan a grupo to etniko idiay Sabah. Dagiti sabali pay nga indihenio a tribu ket mairaman ti [[Bisaya (Borneo)|Bisaya]], [[Tattao a Malayo a Bruneiano|Malayo a Brunei]], [[Bugis]], [[Kedayan]], [[Lotud]], [[Tattao a Lundayeh|Ludayeh]], [[Tattao a Rungus|Rungus]], [[Tattao a Tausūg|Suluk]], [[Minokok]], [[Tattao a Bonggi|Bonggi]], dagiti [[Ida'an]], ken adu pay. Iti pay maipatinayon iti dayta, dagiti Insik ket mangbukel pay ti nangruna a saan nga indihenio a grupo iti populasion.|publisher=Government of Sabah|accessdate=25 Marso 2015|archive-date=2016-06-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160602065858/http://www.sabah.gov.my/main/en-GB/Home/About|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sagpaminsan a tinawtawagan dagiti Sama-Bajau a kas dagiti &quot;Hitano ti Baybay&quot; wenno &quot;Nomadiko ti Baybay&quot;, dagiti termino a naus-usaren para kadagiti saan a mainaig a grupo iti kapada a tradisional a panagbiag, a kas dagiti [[Moken]] ti Birmano-Tailandes ti [[Purpuro Mergui]] ken dagiti [[Orang Laut]] ti akin-abagatan a daya ti Sumatra ken ti [[is-isla Riau]] ti Indonesia. Ti moderno nga agparuar a pannakaiwarwaras dagiti Sama-Bajau manipud iti nadadaan a matagtagitao a luglugar ket mabalin a mainaig iti panagdur-as ti panagtagilako iti baybay iti [[Pipino ti baybay (makan)|pipino ti baybay]] ([[trepanging|trepang]]).

== Dagiti nagibasaran ==
{{Reflist}}

=== Liblibro ===
* François-Robert Zacot (2009). &quot;Peuple nomade de la mer ,les Badjos d'Indonésie&quot;, éditions Pocket, collection Terre Humaine, Paris

{{Dagiti grupo ti etniko iti Filipinas}}
&lt;!--{{Tattao a Moro (bassit)}}
{{Dagiti grupo ti etniko iti Malaysia}}
{{Dagiti grupo ti etniko iti Indonesia}}--&gt;

[[Kategoria:Dagiti grupo ti etniko iti Brunei]]
[[Kategoria:Dagiti grupo ti etniko iti Indonesia]]
[[Kategoria:Dagiti grupo ti etniko iti Sabah]]
[[Kategoria:Dagiti grupo ti etniko iti Malaysia]]
[[Kategoria:Dagiti grupo ti etniko iti Mindanao]]
[[Kategoria:Dagiti komunidad ti Muslim iti Filipinas]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Pagsasao a Ghari</title>
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|name=Ghari
|region=[[Guadalcanal]], [[Is-isla Solomon]]
|speakers={{sigfig|12120|2}}
|date=1999
|ref=e18
|familycolor=Austronesio
|fam2=[[Sasao a Malayo-Polinesio|Malayo-Polinesio]]
|fam3=[[Sasao nga Oceaniko|Oceaniko]]
|fam4=[[Sasao nga Abagatan a daya a Solomoniko|Abagatan a daya a Solomoniko]]
|fam5=[[Sasao a Gela–Guadalcanal|Gela–Guadalcanal]]
|fam6=[[Sasao a Guadalcanal|Guadalcanal]]
|dia1={{sigfig|7,110|2}} Ghari
|dia2={{sigfig|3,020|2}} Ndi (Vaturanga)
|dia3=950 Gae (''Nggae, Qae'')
|dia4=550 Tandai-Nggaria (Tanaghai)
|dia5=490 Nginia
|dia6=Geri (''Nggeri'')
|iso3=gri
|glotto=ghar1239
|glottorefname=Ghari
}}

Ti '''pagsasao a Ghari''' (ammo pay a kas '''Gari''', '''Tangarare''', '''Sughu''', ken '''Laud a Guadalcanal''') ket ti maysa a [[Sasao nga Oceaniko|pagsasao nga Oceaniko]] a naisasao idiay isla ti [[Guadalcanal]] ti [[Is-isla Solomon]].

Ti dialekto ti Vaturanga ket adun a naus-usar kadagiti patarus ti misionario ken liturhiko, ken nakaiturongan ni [[Arthur Capell]] a mangipalawag iti daytoy a kas pagsasao ti mision/eklesiatiko.

== Dagiti nagibasaran ==
{{Reflist}}
*{{cite journal |last=Ivens |first=W. G. |year=1934 |title=A Grammar of the Language of Vaturanga, Guadalcanal, British Solomon Islands |journal=Bulletin of the School of Oriental Studies, University of London |volume=7 |issue=2 |pages=349–375 |doi=10.1017/s0041977x0008527x}}

== Dagiti akinruar a silpo ==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20161228215410/http://justus.anglican.org/resources/bcp/Melanesia/vaturanga_intro.html Na Voihavo Matena na Hahani Tabu] Online a teksto ti liturhia ti Anglikano iti Vaturanga, indihitado babaen ni Richard Mammana
*[[Paradisec]] open access [http://catalog.paradisec.org.au/collections/AC2/items/SIVATU101 Listaan ti bokabulario iti dialekto a Vaturanga]
*Paradisec open access [http://catalog.paradisec.org.au/collections/AC2/items/SIVATU102 Swadesh a listaan ti Vaturanga]
*Paradisec open access [http://catalog.paradisec.org.au/collections/AC2/items/SIVATU103 Napno a teksto ti gramatika ti pagsasao a Vaturanga, Guadalcanal, Is-isla Solomon]
*Paradisec open access [http://catalog.paradisec.org.au/collections/AC2/items/SIVATU104 Mapa dagiti pagsasao ti Guadalcanal]

{{Dagiti pagsasao ti Is-isla Solomon}}
{{au-pagsasao-pungol}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ghari}}
[[Kategoria:Sasao a Guadalcanal]]
[[Kategoria:Dagiti pagsasao ti Is-isla Solomon]]</text>
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    <title>Pagsasao a Marquesano</title>
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      <text bytes="3880" sha1="q34odsewphrua4cl7sqm35rvw5clctl" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox pagsasao
|name=Marquesano
|nativename=''ʻEo ʻenata'' (North Marquesan)&lt;br /&gt;''ʻEo ʻenana'' (Abagatan a Marquesano)
|region=[[Is-isla Marquesas]], [[Tahiti]]
|speakers=8,700
|date=2007
|ref=e18
|familycolor=Austronesio
|fam2=[[Sasao a Malayo-Polinesio|Malayo-Polinesio]]
|fam3=[[Sasao nga Oceaniko|Oceaniko]]
|fam4=[[Sasao a Polinesio|Polinesio]]
|fam5=[[Sasao nga Akindaya a Polinesio|Akindaya a Polinesio]]
|fam6=[[Sasao a Marquesiko|Marquesiko]]
|lc1=mrq|ld1=Amianan a Marquesano
|lc2=mqm|ld2=Abagatan a Marquesano
|notice=IPA
|glotto=nort2845
|glottoname=North
|glottorefname=North Marquesan
|glotto2=sout2866
|glottoname2=South
|glottorefname2=South Marquesan
}}

Ti '''pagsasao a Marquesano''' ket ti urnong dagiti dialekto ti [[Sasao a Polinesio|Daya-Tengnga a Polinesio]], ti grupo ti [[Sasao a Marquesiko|Marquesiko]], a naisasao idiay [[Is-isla Marquesas]] ti [[Polinesia a Pranses]]. Kadawyanda a maidasig kadagiti dua a grupo, ti [[Pagsasao nga Amianan a Marquesano|Amianan a Marquesano]] ken [[Pagsasao nga Abagatan a Marquesanoe|Abagatan a Marquesano]], ken agarup daytoy kadagiti igid ti linia ti heograpia.&lt;ref name=&quot;atlas&quot;&gt;See [[#atlas|Charpentier &amp; François (2015)]].&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dagiti nagibasaran ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070311022345/http://linguistlist.org/issues/17/17-3085.html Gabriele H. Cablitz (2006). ''Marquesan: A Grammar of Space''. Trends in Linguistics. Studies and Monographs 169. Mouton de Gruyter.]
* [http://jacbayle.club.fr/livres/Nouveau/Dordillon.html “Grammaire et dictionnaire de la langue des Îles Marquises”] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050314000041/http://jacbayle.club.fr/livres/Nouveau/Dordillon.html |date=2005-03-14 }}: ''Mgr Dordillon's Marquesan language dictionary ''(Société des études océaniennes, Pape’ete, 1904 – naipablaak manen idi 1999) {{iti sao|fr}}
* Margaret Mutu &amp; Ben Teìkitutoua (2002). ''Ùa Pou : aspects of a Marquesan dialect''. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics.
* {{cite book |last1=Charpentier |first1=Jean-Michel |first2=Alexandre |last2=François |author-link2=Alexandre François (lingguista) |year=2015 |title=Atlas Linguistique de Polynésie Française — Linguistic Atlas of French Polynesia |language=Pranses, Ingles |publisher=Mouton de Gruyter &amp; Université de la Polynésie Française |isbn=978-3-11-026035-9 |ref=atlas |url=http://alex.francois.free.fr/AF-Atlas-blurbs_e.htm }}
* ''Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum'' Bulletins.

== Dagiti nota ==
{{Reflist}}

== Dagiti akinruar a silpo ==
*[http://jimmypierre.com/Cd64_genealogie/SPECIAL%20-%20MADAGASCAR/DORDILLON%20R.%20-%20Grammaire%20et%20Dictionnaire%20Marquisien-Fran%E7ais%20(1931)/Grammaire%20et%20Dictionnaire%20Marquisien-Fran%E7ais%20(1931).pdf Online version of the ''Grammaire et dictionnaire de la langue des Iles Marquises – Marquisien–Français''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120213175713/http://jimmypierre.com/Cd64_genealogie/SPECIAL%20-%20MADAGASCAR/DORDILLON%20R.%20-%20Grammaire%20et%20Dictionnaire%20Marquisien-Fran%E7ais%20(1931)/Grammaire%20et%20Dictionnaire%20Marquisien-Fran%E7ais%20(1931).pdf |date=2012-02-13 }} (Paris, Institut d'Ethnologie, 1931) {{iti sao|fr}}
*[https://books.google.com/books?id=26ESAAAAIAAJ&amp;printsec=titlepage ''Aperçu de la langue des îles Marquises et de la langue taïtienne, accompagné d'un vocabulaire inédit de la langue taïtienne''] (Johann Buschmann &amp; Guillaume de Humboldt, Berlin, 1843) {{iti sao|fr}}
*[http://www.mpi.nl/DOBES/projects/marquesan DoBeS — pagsasao a Marquesano]
*Dagiti [[hdl:10125/32781|458 a indeks ti etiketa dagiti nagan ti mula ken ayup]] a naiyarkibo iti [[Kaipuleohone]]

{{Sasao a Tengnga a Pasipiko}}
{{Dagiti pagsasao ti Polinesia a Pranses}}
{{au-pagsasao-pungol}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Marquesano}}
[[Kategoria:Sasao a Marquesiko]]
[[Kategoria:Dagiti pagsasao ti Polinesia a Pranses]]</text>
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    <title>Probinsia ti Manus</title>
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      <text bytes="2761" sha1="kgn5ptu1gjiqee0rm9jn2e4f4emor73" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name                  = Probinsia ti Manus
| other_name            = 
| image_skyline         = 
| image_alt             = 
| image_caption         = 
| image_flag            = Flag of Manus.svg
| image_map             = Manus in Papua New Guinea (special marker).svg
| map_alt               = 
| map_caption           = Ti Probinsia ti Manus idiay Papua Baro a Guinea
| pushpin_map           = 
| pushpin_relief        = 
| coordinates           = {{coord|2|5|S|147|0|E|region:PG|display=inline,title}}
| pushpin_label_position = 
| pushpin_map_alt        = 
| pushpin_map_caption    = 
| subdivision_type        = Pagilian
| subdivision_name        = [[Papua Baro a Guinea]]
| parts_type              = [[Dagiti distrio ken lokal nga agpang ti gobierno ti Papua Baro a Guinea|Dagiti distrito]]
| parts_style             = listaan
| p1 = [[Distrito ti Manus]]
| seat_type               = Kapitolio
| seat                    = [[Lorengau]]
| area_total_km2          = 2000
| area_footnotes          = 
| population_total        = 60485
| population_as_of        = Senso idi 2011
| population_footnotes    = 
| population_density_km2  = auto
| demographics_type1      = 
| demographics1_title1    = [[Dagiti pagsasao ti Papua Baro a Guinea|Dagiti nangruna a pagsasao]]
| demographics1_info1     = 
| established_title       = 
| established_date        = 
| leader_title            = Gobernador
| leader_name             = Charlie Benjamin 2012-
| elevation_m             = 
| postal_code_type        = 
| postal_code             = 
| timezone1               = [[Oras idiay Australia|AEST]]
| utc_offset1             = +10
| website                 = 
}}
Ti '''Probinsia ti Manus''' ket ti kabassitan a probinsia idiay [[Papua Baro a Guinea]] nga addaan iti kalawa ti daga iti 2,100&amp;nbsp;km², ngem addaan iti ad-adu ngem 220,000&amp;nbsp;km² iti danum. Ti kapitolio ti probnsia ket ti [[Lorengau]] ken ti dagup ti populasion ket 60,485 (senso idi 2011).

Ti probinsia ket buklen ti [[Is-isla Almiralidad]] (ti grupo dagiti 18 nga [[isla]] iti [[Purpuro Bismarck]]) ken [[Isla Wuvulu]] ken dagiti kaarrubayan nga [[atol]] iti laud. Ti kadakkelan nga isla ti grupo ket ti [[Isla Manus]].

&lt;!--== Dagiti nagibasaran ==
{{Reflist}}--&gt;

== Dagiti akinruar a silpo ==
* [http://www.manusisland.com/ Isla Manus]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071015035641/http://www.army.mil/cmh/books/wwii/admiralties/admiralties-ch4-manus.htm Gubat ti WWII para iti Isla Manus]
* [http://blogs.panda.org/coral_triangle/2010/07/24/the-amazing-people-of-mbuke-island-manus-papua-new-guinea/ Tattao iti Isla  M'Buke, Manus, Papua Baro a Guinea]

{{Papua Baro a Guinea-heograpia-pungol}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Manus}}
[[Kategoria:Dagiti probinsia ti Papua Baro a Guinea]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Savu</title>
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      <text bytes="2325" sha1="8xs3z7k07qoddcs6zzsxfsc01zihqls" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox is-isla
| name = Savu
| image_name = Nusa Tenggara Timur2.png
| image_caption = Mapa ti isisla ti Daya a Nusa Tenggara, a mairaman ti Savu.
| locator_map = 
| native_name =
| native_name_link =
| location = [[Abagatan a daya nga Asia]]
| coordinates= {{coord|10|29|S|121|54|E|region:ID_type:isle_scale:2500000|display=inline,title}}
| archipelago = Is-isla Savu,&lt;br /&gt;[[Is-isla Basbassit a Sunda]]
| total_islands =
| major_islands =
| area_km2 = 379.9
| rank = 
| highest_mount =366
| elevation_m =
| country = Indonesia
| country_admin_divisions_title = [[Dagiti probinsia ti Indonesia|Probinsia]]
| country_admin_divisions = [[Daya a Nusa Tenggara]]
| country_largest_city =
| country_largest_city_population = 
| population = 30,000
| population_as_of = 
| density_km2 = 
| ethnic_groups = 
}}

Ti '''Savu''' (ammo pay a kas Sawu, Sabu, Sawoe, Havu, Hawu, Hawoe) ket ti kadakkelan a grupo dagiti tallo nga isla, a mabirukan iti tengnga pagbaetan ti [[Sumba]] ken [[Isla Rote|Rote]], iti laud ti [[Timor]], iti akindaya a probinsia ti Indonesia iti [[Daya a Nusa Tenggara]]. 

&lt;!--== Dagiti nagibasaran ==
{{Reflist}}--&gt;

== Adu pay a mabasbasa ==
* Fox, James. (1971)  ''A working bibliography on the islands of Roti, Savu, and Sumba.''
* Fox, James J. (1972) &quot;The Sawunese&quot;, in F. Lebar (ed.) ''Ethnic Groups of Insular Southeast Asia'', 1:77-80.  New Haven, Connecticut: Human Relations Area Files Press.
* Fox, James J. (1977) ''Harvest of the Palm: Ecological Change in Eastern Indonesia.'' Cambridge, Massachusetts and London, England: Harvard University Press.
* Fox, James J. (1979) &quot;The Ceremonial System of Sawu&quot; in A. Becker and A. Yengoyan (eds.) ''The Imagination of Reality: Essays on Southeast Asian Coherence Systems''. Norwood, New Jersey: ABLEX Publishing Corporation.
* Fox, James J. (1980) ''The Flow of Life: Essays on Eastern Indonesia'', Harvard Studies in Cultural Anthropology

== Dagiti akinruar a silpo ==
*[http://www.savu-raijua.com/ savu-raijua.com]
*[http://savuraijuatourism.com/ Turismo ti Savu-Raijua] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161112122924/http://savuraijuatourism.com/ |date=2016-11-12 }}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20161029235452/http://genevieveduggan.com/]

{{Kontrol ti autoridad}}
{{Indonesia-heograpia-pungol}}

[[Kategoria:Is-isla ti Indonesia]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Naungaw a pagsasao</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="3461" sha1="i7628v4h7zh1ulc4hpcnf2joptv0rmp" xml:space="preserve">{{Para iti|proseso iti panagawan iti pagsasao|Ipupusay ti pagsasao}}
[[Papeles:Eteocypriot writing.jpg|thumb|right|240px|Panagsurat nga [[Pagsasao nga Eteotsipriota|Eteotsipriota]], [[Amathous]], [[Cyprus]], 500 aginggana idi 300 SK. [[Museo Ashmolean]]]]

Ti maysa a '''naungaw a pagsasao'''  ket ti [[pagsasao]] nga awanen kadagiti ania man a mangisasao,&lt;ref&gt;Lenore A. Grenoble, Lindsay J. Whaley, ''Saving Languages: An Introduction to Language Revitalization'',  Cambridge University Press (2006) p.18&lt;/ref&gt; a naipangpangruna no daytoy ket awanen dagiti sibibiag a [[Pannakaikabagian a henetiko (lingguistika)|kaputotan]]. Iti pannakaigiddiat, ti  ''natay a pagsasao'' ket ti &quot;maysa a saanen a patneng a pagsasao iti ania man a komunidad&quot;, uray no maus-usar pay laeng, kasla ti [[Pagsasao a Latin|Latin]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780199202720.001.0001/acref-9780199202720-e-799?rskey=GN3YxZ&amp;result=801 oxfordreference.com – dead language] ''The Comcise Oxford Dictionary of Linguistics'' (maika-2 nga edision).&lt;/ref&gt;

Iti moderno a paset ti panawen, ti ipupusay ti pagsasao ket kadawyan a nagresultaan manipud iti proseso ti [[asimilasion ti kultura]] a pakaiturongan ti [[pannakaiyakar ti pagsasao]], ken ti agin-inut a panagpanaw iti patneng a pagsasao tapno makaykayat iti maysa a gangganaet a ''[[lingua franca]]''.

Ti pagsasao nga agdama nga addaan kadagiti sibibiag a patneng nga agsasao ket makunkuna a [[moderno a pagsasao]].
Manipud kadagiti tawen ti 2000, ti dagup iti agarup a 7,000 dagiti patneng a naisasao apagsasao ket adda iti sangalubongan. Kaaduan kadagitoy ket babassit a pagsasao a madangran iti pannakaawan; ti maysa a karkulo a naipablaak idi 2004 ket nangnamnama nga adda dagiti agarup a 90% kadagiti agdama a naisasao a pagsasao ket awandanton intono 2050.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/4387421/ |title=Study by language researcher, David Graddol |publisher=MSNBC |date=2004-02-26 |accessdate=2012-03-22 |archive-date=2012-11-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103213713/http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/4387421/ |url-status=dead }}
{{cite web |author=Ian |url=http://www.chinasmack.com/stories/90-percent-worlds-languages-extinct-in-41-years/ |title=Research by Southwest University for Nationalities College of Liberal Arts |publisher=Chinasmack.com |date=2009-01-16 |accessdate=2012-03-22 |archive-date=2010-01-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100109214752/http://www.chinasmack.com/stories/90-percent-worlds-languages-extinct-in-41-years/ |url-status=dead }}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100109214752/http://www.chinasmack.com/stories/90-percent-worlds-languages-extinct-in-41-years/ |date=2010-01-09 }}
Irehistro ti [[Ethnologue]] dagiti 7,358 nga ammo a sibibiag a pagsasao,{{cite web |url=http://www.ethnologue.com/web.asp |title=Ethnologue |publisher=Ethnologue |date= |accessdate=2012-03-22 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20011005193846/http://www.ethnologue.com/web.asp |archivedate=Oktubre 5, 2001 }}  ngem idi 2015-05-20, inreporta ti [[Ethnologue]] nga adda laengen dagiti 7,102 nga ammo a sibibiag a pagsasao; ken idi 2015-02-23, inreportan ti Ethnologue nga adda laengen dagiti 7,097 nga ammo a sibibiag a pagsasao.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dagiti nagibasaran ==
{{reflist|30em}}

{{Pagsasao-pungol}}
{{Kontrol ti autoridad}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Awanen a pagsasao}}
[[Kategoria:Dagiti naungaw a pagsasao|Awanen a sasao]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Listaan dagiti danaw ti Filipinas</title>
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      <text bytes="60466" sha1="gqaw3bsubdpxlzege4mole0b52dojhn" xml:space="preserve">Ti taudan dagiti kaaduan kadagiti '''danaw ti Filipinas''' ket asideg a maikabagian iti aktibidad a [[bulkan]]iko ken [[tektonika|tektoniko]]. Adda bilang dagiti basbassit a a danaw a mangsakop kadagiti [[abut ti bulkan a danaw|abut ti bulkan]] dagiti [[awanen a bulkan]].  Adda dagiti pagayusan a labneng ti danaw a naparang-ay babaen ti [[subsidensia]] gapu iti tektoniko wenno aktibidad ti bulkan.  Dagiti dadduma ket rimsuada met gapu ti pannakalapped dagiti dalan ti pagayusanda babaen dagiti guedday, dagiti ayus ti lava ken babaen ti nasinasina a [[ejecta|bulkaniko nga ejecta]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Journal&quot;&gt;Pratt, Wallace E., Philippines Bureau of Science. &quot;Philippine Journal of Science, Vol.XI No.5&quot;, p.223. Manila Bureau of Printing, 1917.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;type&quot;&gt;[http://www.epa.gov/owow/watershed/wacademy/acad2000/ecology/p8b.html &quot;Dagiti kita ti danaw&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010113182100/http://www.epa.gov/owow/watershed/wacademy/acad2000/ecology/p8b.html |date=2001-01-13 }}. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Naala idi 2011-06-12.&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Papeles:Lake Danao.jpg|thumb|220px|Adda dagiti nadumaduma a danaw iti pagilian ket bulkaniko iti taudan kas ti '''[[Danaw Danao (Leyte)|Danaw Danao]]''' iti probinsia ti [[Leyte]].]]
Kadagiti danaw nga ammo idiay Filipinas, tallo laeng dagiti prominente gapu ti kadakkel iti kinapangrunada iti ekonomia, dagitoy ket ti [[Laguna de Bay]] idiay Luzon, [[Danaw Taal]] idiay Luzon, ken [[Danaw Lanao]] idiay Mindanao.

== Listaan ==
Ti sumaganad ket ti '''sangkapaset laeng nga alpabetko a listaan dagiti permanente a danaw''' (''malaksid ti [[tantanap ti layus]]'') '''iti Filipinas'''.

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;table-layout:fixed;margin:auto;background-color:white;font-size:90%;line-height:1.35em;&quot;
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:7em;&quot; | [[Danaw]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.indexmundi.com/zl/rp/ &quot;Dandanaw ti Filipinas&quot;]. Index Mundi. Naala idi 2011-06-12.&lt;/ref&gt;
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:5.2em;&quot; | Kita&lt;ref name=&quot;type&quot; /&gt;
! scope=&quot;col&quot; data-sort-type=&quot;number&quot; style=&quot;width:5.5em;&quot; | Kalawa
! scope=&quot;col&quot; data-sort-type=&quot;number&quot; style=&quot;width:5.5em;&quot; | Kangato ti&lt;br /&gt;rabaw&lt;br /&gt;{{abbr|(m.a.s.l.)|metro iti agpakatengnga a ngato ti pantar ti baybay}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:7.5em;&quot; | [[Dagiti probinsia ti Filipinas|Probinsia]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | [[Dagiti rehion ti Filipinas|Rehion]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; data-sort-type=&quot;number&quot; style=&quot;width:5em;&quot; | Nagsasabtan
! scope=&quot;col&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; | Notnota
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;background-color:#FEFEFE;&quot; | [[Danaw Tadlac|Alligator]]
| [[abut ti bulkan a danaw]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|23|ha|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|2|m|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| [[Laguna]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-family:Courier New;font-size:1.10em;&quot; | [[CALABARZON|IV-A]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{coord|14|10|57|N|121|12|23|E|name=Danaw Alligator|region:PH_type:waterbody}}
| Ammo pay a kas ''Danaw Tadlac'', daytoy ket mabirukan kadagiti aplaya ti Laguna de Bay idiay Brgy. Tadlac, [[Los Baños, Laguna|Los Baños]].
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;background-color:#FEFEFE;&quot; | [[Penned Ambuklao|Ambuklao]]
|[[penned]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|383|ha|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|761|m|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| [[Benguet]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;15&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-family:Courier New;font-size:1.10em;&quot; | [[Rehion Administratibo ti Kordiliera|CAR]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{coord|16|28|25|N|120|44|50|E|name=Penned Ambuklao|region:PH_type:waterbody}}
| Napartuat babaen ti panagpenned iti [[Karayan Agno]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;background-color:#FEFEFE;&quot; | [[Danaw Apo|Apo]]
| abut ti bulkan a danaw
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|24|ha|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|640|m|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| [[Bukidnon]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;10&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-family:Courier New;font-size:1.10em;&quot; | [[Amianan a Mindanao|X]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{coord|7|52|45|N|125|0|21|E|name=Danaw Apo|region:PH_type:waterbody}}
| Mabirukan iti laud ti siudad ti [[Valencia, Bukidnon|Valencia]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;background-color:#FEFEFE;&quot; | [[Danaw Baao|Baao]]
| tektoniko a danaw&lt;ref name=&quot;type&quot; /&gt; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|177|ha|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|5|m|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| [[Camarines Sur]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-family:Courier New;font-size:1.10em;&quot; | [[Rehion ti Bicol|V]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{coord|13|27|56|N|123|18|53|E|name=Danaw Baao|region:PH_type:waterbody}}
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;background-color:#FEFEFE;&quot; | [[Danaw Bababu|Bababu]]
| tektoniko a danaw
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|5|ha|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|45|m|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| [[Is-isla ti Dinagat]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;13&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-family:Courier New;font-size:1.10em;&quot; | [[Caraga|XIII]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{coord|10|4|28|N|125|30|33|E|name=Danaw Bababu|region:PH_type:waterbody}}
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;background-color:#FEFEFE;&quot; | [[Danaw Balanan|Balanan]]
|[[Danaw#Kita dagiti danaw|danaw ti guedday]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|25|ha|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|237|m|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| [[Negros Oriental]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;7&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-family:Courier New;font-size:1.10em;&quot; | [[Rehion ti Isla ti Negros|XVIII]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{coord|9|8|16|N|122|59|55|E|name=Danaw Balanan|region:PH_type:waterbody}}
| Napartuat kalpasan ti guedday manipud iti gingined idi 1925 a naglapped iti Karayan Balanan
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;background-color:#FEFEFE;&quot; | [[Danaw Balinsasayao|Balinsasayao]]
| abut ti bulkan a danaw
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|76|ha|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|874|m|abbr=on|disp=br()}}&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.indexmundi.com/zl/rp/20.htm &quot;Dandanaw ti Filipinas – Balukbaluk agingga iti Baranibud&quot;]. Index Mundi. Naala idi 2011-06-10.&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Negros Oriental]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;7&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-family:Courier New;font-size:1.10em;&quot; | [[Rehion ti Isla ti Negros|XVIII]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{coord|9|21|11|N|123|10|45|E|name=Danaw Balinsasayao|region:PH_type:waterbody}}
| Singin a danaw ti [[Danaw Danao (Negros)]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;background-color:#FEFEFE;&quot; | [[Danaw Basak|Basak]]
| tekoniko a danaw
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|15|ha|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|589|m|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| [[Lanao del Sur]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;14&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-family:Courier New;font-size:1.10em;&quot; | [[Agwaywayas a Rehion iti Muslim a Mindanao|ARMM]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{coord|8|2|7|N|124|15|32|E|name=Danaw Basak|region:PH_type:waterbody}}
| Mabirukan idiay [[Saguiaran, Lanao del Sur]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;background-color:#FEFEFE;&quot; | [[Danaw Bato|Bato]]
| tektoniko a danaw |
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|2810|ha|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|10|m|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| [[Camarines Sur]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-family:Courier New;font-size:1.10em;&quot; | [[Rehion ti Bicol|V]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{coord|13|19|57|N|123|21|36|E|name=Danaw Bato|region:PH_type:waterbody}}
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;background-color:#FEFEFE;&quot; | [[Danaw Bito|Bito]]
| abut ti bulkan a danaw
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|140|ha|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|2|m|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| [[Leyte]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;8&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-family:Courier New;font-size:1.10em;&quot; | [[Daya a Visayas|VIII]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{coord|10|47|19|N|124|58|49|E|name=Danaw Bito|region:PH_type:waterbody}}
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;background-color:#FEFEFE;&quot; | [[Danaw Buhi|Buhi]]
| guedday
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|1707|ha|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|120|m|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| [[Camarines Sur]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-family:Courier New;font-size:1.10em;&quot; | [[Rehion ti Bicol|V]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{coord|13|27|29|N|123|30|38|E|name=Danaw Buhi|region:PH_type:waterbody}}
| nabukel kalpasan ti saan a bulkaniko a gingined idi 1628 a nangpartuat iti guedday a nangpenned iti Karayan Barit.&lt;ref&gt;Paguican, Engielle Mae (2012_11). [https://www.academia.edu/1970123/Volcano-tectonic_controls_and_emplacement_kinematics_of_the_Iriga_debris_avalanches_Philippines_ &quot;Volcano-tectonic controls and emplacement kinematics of the Iriga debris avalanches (Philippines)&quot;]. Academia.edu. Naala idi 2013-12-30.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;background-color:#FEFEFE;&quot; | [[Danaw Buluan|Buluan]]
| tektoniko a danaw
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|6134|ha|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|9|m|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| [[Maguindanao]] &amp;&lt;br /&gt;[[Sultan Kudarat]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;14&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-family:Courier New;font-size:1.10em;&quot; | [[Agwaywayas a Rehion iti Muslim a Mindanao|ARMM]] &amp;&lt;br /&gt;[[SOCCSKSARGEN|XII]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{coord|6|38|42|N|124|49|38|E|name=Danaw Buluan|region:PH_type:waterbody}}
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;background-color:#FEFEFE;&quot; | [[Danaw Bulusan|Bulusan]]
| abut ti bulkan a danaw |
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|28|ha|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|360|m|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| [[Sorsogon]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-family:Courier New;font-size:1.10em;&quot; | [[Rehion ti Bicol|V]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{coord|12|45|16|N|124|5|37|E|name=Danaw Bulusan|region:PH_type:waterbody}}
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;background-color:#FEFEFE;&quot; | [[Danaw Bunot|Bunot]]
| abut ti bulkan a danaw
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|31|ha|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|153|m|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| [[Laguna]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-family:Courier New;font-size:1.10em;&quot; | [[CALABARZON|IV-A]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{coord|14|4|53|N|121|20|38|E|name=Danaw Bunot|region:PH_type:waterbody}}
| Maysa kadagiti [[Pito a Dandanaw ti San Pablo|pito a dandanaw ti Siudad ti San Pablo]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;background-color:#FEFEFE;&quot; | [[Nailian a Parke ti Danaw Butig|Butig]]
| tektoniko a danaw
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|25|ha|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|762|m|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| [[Lanao del Sur]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;14&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-family:Courier New;font-size:1.10em;&quot; | [[Agwaywayas a Rehion iti Muslim a Mindanao|ARMM]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{coord|7|44|2|N|124|17|27|E|name=Danaw Butig|region:PH_type:waterbody}}
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;background-color:#FEFEFE;&quot; | [[Cabalian#Danaw Cabalian|Cabalian]]
| abut ti bulkan a danaw
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|15|ha|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|733|m|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| [[Leyte]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;8&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-family:Courier New;font-size:1.10em;&quot; | [[Daya a Visayas|VIII]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{coord|10|16|47|N|125|12|56|E|name=Danaw Cabalian|region:PH_type:waterbody}}
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;background-color:#FEFEFE;&quot; | [[Danaw Calibato|Calibato]]
| abut ti bulkan a danaw
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|42|ha|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|184|m|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| [[Laguna]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-family:Courier New;font-size:1.10em;&quot; | [[CALABARZON|IV-A]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{coord|14|6|12|N|121|22|41|E|name=Danaw Calibato|region:PH_type:waterbody}}
| Maysa kadagiti  [[Pito a Dandanaw ti  San Pablo|pito a dandanaw ti Siudad ti San Pablo]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;background-color:#FEFEFE;&quot; | [[Danaw Caliraya|Caliraya]]
| penned
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|1050|ha|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|300|m|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| [[Laguna]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-family:Courier New;font-size:1.10em;&quot; | [[CALABARZON|IV-A]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{coord|14|17|34|N|121|31|3|E|name=Danaw Caliraya|region:PH_type:waterbody}}
| Napartuat iti panagpenned iti Karayan Caliraya
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;background-color:#FEFEFE;&quot; | [[Danaw Caluangan|Caluangan]]
| tektoniko a danaw
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|182|ha|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|1|m|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| [[Oriental Mindoro]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;4.2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-family:Courier New;font-size:1.10em;&quot; | [[MIMAROPA|IV-B]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{coord|13|22|11|N|121|8|11|E|name=Danaw Caluangan|region:PH_type:waterbody}}
| Ammo pay a kas Danaw Baruyan
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;background-color:#FEFEFE;&quot; | [[Danaw Camannauan|Camannauan]]
| tektoniko a danaw |
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|3|ha|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|13|m|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| [[Cagayan]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-family:Courier New;font-size:1.10em;&quot; | [[Tanap ti Cagayan|II]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{coord|18|13|29|N|121|46|49|E|name=Danaw Camannauan|region:PH_type:waterbody}}
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;background-color:#FEFEFE;&quot; | [[Danaw Candelaria|Candelaria]]
| tektoniko a danaw |
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|48|ha|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|2|m|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| [[Zambales]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-family:Courier New;font-size:1.10em;&quot; | [[Tengnga a Luzon|III]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{coord|15|36|38|N|119|56|34|E|name=Danaw Candelaria|region:PH_type:waterbody}}
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;background-color:#FEFEFE;&quot; | [[Danaw Capayahan|Capahayan]]
| abut ti bulkan a danaw&lt;ref name=&quot;GVP&quot; /&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|22|ha|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|51|m|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| [[Surigao del Norte]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;13&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-family:Courier New;font-size:1.10em;&quot; | [[Caraga|XIII]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{coord|9|32|25|N|125|34|47|E|name=Danaw Capayahan|region:PH_type:waterbody}}
| Mabirukan iti ili ti [[Tubod, Surigao del Norte|Tubod]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;background-color:#FEFEFE;&quot; | [[Danaw Catol|Catol]]
| tektoniko a danaw
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|19|ha|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|7|m|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| [[Zambales]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-family:Courier New;font-size:1.10em;&quot; | [[Tengnga a Luzon|III]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{coord|15|37|17|N|119|56|26|E|name=Danaw Catol|region:PH_type:waterbody}}
| Mabirukan iti Brgy. Catol, ti naapgad a danum a danaw ken maysa kadagiti uppat a danaw idiay Candelaria.&lt;ref&gt;Lhars5 (2011-08-14). [https://www.panoramio.com/photo/57358921 &quot;Fish Trap at Salt Lake Catol (Candelaria, Zambales)&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170612153523/http://www.panoramio.com/photo/57358921 |date=2017-06-12 }}. Panoramio. Naala idi 2012-05-19.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;background-color:#FEFEFE;&quot; | [[Danaw Dagianan|Dagianan]]
| abut ti bulkan a danaw
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|3|ha|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|1231|m|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| [[Lanao del Norte]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;10&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-family:Courier New;font-size:1.10em;&quot; | [[Amianan a Mindanao|X]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{coord|7|52|54|N|124|1|36|E|name=Danaw Dagianan|region:PH_type:waterbody}}
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;background-color:#FEFEFE;&quot; | [[Danaw Dakula|Dakula]]
| tektoniko a danaw
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|12|ha|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|10|m|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| [[Sulu]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;14&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-family:Courier New;font-size:1.10em;&quot; | [[Agwaywayas a Rehion iti Muslim a Mindanao|ARMM]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{coord|5|41|55|N|120|49|13|E|name=Danaw Dakula|region:PH_type:waterbody}}
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;background-color:#FEFEFE;&quot; | [[Danaw Danao (Albay)|Danao]]
| abut ti bulkan a danaw
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|18|ha|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|304|m|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| [[Albay]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-family:Courier New;font-size:1.10em;&quot; | [[Rehion ti Bicol|V]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{coord|13|21|33|N|123|34|24|E|name=Danaw Danao (Albay)|region:PH_type:waterbody}}
| Mabirukan idiay [[Polangui, Albay]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;background-color:#FEFEFE;&quot; | [[Danaw Danao (Cebu)|Danao]]
| tektoniko a danaw
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|680|ha|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|5|m|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| [[Cebu]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;7&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-family:Courier New;font-size:1.10em;&quot; | [[Tengnga a Visayas|VII]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{coord|10|40|25|N|124|20|19|E|name=Danaw Danao (Cebu)|region:PH_type:waterbody}}
| Kadakkelan a danaw idiay Visayas
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;background-color:#FEFEFE;&quot; | [[Danaw Danao (Leyte)|Danao]]
| tektoniko a danaw
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|148|ha|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|650|m|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| [[Leyte]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;8&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-family:Courier New;font-size:1.10em;&quot; | [[Daya a Visayas|VIII]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{coord|11|4|23|N|124|41|33|E|name=Danaw Danao (Leyte)|region:PH_type:waterbody}}
| Tampok ti Masna a Parke ti Danaw Danao
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;background-color:#FEFEFE;&quot; | [[Danaw Danao (Negros)|Danao]]
| abut ti bulkan a danaw
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|28|ha|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|898|m|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| [[Negros Oriental]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;7&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-family:Courier New;font-size:1.10em;&quot; | [[Rehion ti Isla ti Negros|XVIII]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{coord|9|21|2|N|123|11|0|E|name=Danaw Danao (Negros)|region:PH_type:waterbody}}
| Singin a danaw ti [[Danaw Balinsasayao]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;background-color:#FEFEFE;&quot; | [[Danaw Danao (Sorsogon)|Danao]]
| abut ti bulkan a danaw
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|4|ha|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|450|m|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| [[Sorsogon]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-family:Courier New;font-size:1.10em;&quot; | [[Rehion ti Bicol|V]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{coord|13|4|25|N|123|58|42|E|name=Danaw Danao (Sorsogon)|region:PH_type:waterbody}}
| Mabirukan iti [[Banbantay Pocdol]] iti asideg ti [[Bacon, Sorsogon]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;background-color:#FEFEFE;&quot; | [[Danaw Dapao|Dapao]]
| tektoniko a danaw
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|1012|ha|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|960|m|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| [[Lanao del Sur]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;14&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-family:Courier New;font-size:1.10em;&quot; | [[Agwaywayas a Rehion iti Muslim a Mindanao|ARMM]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{coord|7|47|12|N|124|2|36|E|name=Danaw Dapao|region:PH_type:waterbody}}
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;background-color:#FEFEFE;&quot; | [[Danaw Dasay|Dasay]]
| tektoniko a danaw|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|40|ha|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|230|m|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| [[Zamboanga del Sur]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;9&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-family:Courier New;font-size:1.10em;&quot; | [[Peninsula ti Zamboanga|IX]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{coord|7|39|43|N|123|15|11|E|name=Danaw Dasay|region:PH_type:waterbody}}
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;background-color:#FEFEFE;&quot; | [[Danaw Duminagat|Duminagat]]
| abut ti bulkan a danaw
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|9|ha|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|1577|m|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| [[Misamis Occidental]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;10&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-family:Courier New;font-size:1.10em;&quot; | [[Amianan a Mindanao|X]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{coord|8|18|25|N|123|36|57|E|name=Danaw Duminagat|region:PH_type:waterbody}}
| Mabirukan iti uneg ti Masna a Parke ti Kabambantayan ti Bantay Malindang&lt;ref&gt;[http://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5029/ &quot;Mount Malindang Range Natural Park&quot;]. UNESCO World Heritage Tentative List. Naala idi 2011-08-28.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;background-color:#FEFEFE;&quot; | [[Danaw Ernestine|Ernestine]]
| abut ti bulkan a danaw
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|35|ha|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|3|m|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| [[Tawi-Tawi]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;14&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-family:Courier New;font-size:1.10em;&quot; | [[Agwaywayas a Rehion iti Muslim a Mindanao|ARMM]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{coord|6|58|25|N|118|29|46|E|name=Danaw Ernestine|region:PH_type:waterbody}}
| Maysa kadagiti agaassideg nga abut ti bulkan a danaw iti [[Mapun]], ti maysa ket nawaya iti baybay isu a teknikal a saan a danaw.
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;background-color:#FEFEFE;&quot; | [[Danaw Gunao|Gunao]]
| abut ti bulkan a danaw
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|23|ha|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|117|m|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| [[Quezon]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-family:Courier New;font-size:1.10em;&quot; | [[CALABARZON|IV-A]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{coord|14|0|4|N|121|22|17|E|name=Danaw Gunao|region:PH_type:waterbody}}
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;background-color:#FEFEFE;&quot; | [[Danaw Himbang|Himbang]]
| tektoniko a danaw
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|26|ha|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|14|m|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| [[Agusan del Sur]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;13&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-family:Courier New;font-size:1.10em;&quot; | [[Caraga|XIII]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{coord|8|28|4|N|125|46|12|E|name=Danaw Himbang|region:PH_type:waterbody}}
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;background-color:#FEFEFE;&quot; | [[Danaw Kabalin-an|Kabalin-an]]
| abut ti bulkan a danaw
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|2|ha|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|824|m|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| [[Negros Oriental]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;7&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-family:Courier New;font-size:1.10em;&quot; | [[Rehion ti Isla ti Negros|XVIII]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{coord|9|21|55|N|123|10|46|E|name=Danaw Kabalin-an|region:PH_type:waterbody}}
| Mabirukan iti isu met laeng a kaldera a kas ti Danaw Balinsasayao ken Danao&lt;ref&gt;heinzkieh (2008-08-20). [http://heinzkieh.multiply.com/photos/album/272/Lake_Kabalin-an &quot;Lake Kabalin-an&quot;] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120327203121/http://heinzkieh.multiply.com/photos/album/272/Lake_Kabalin-an |date=2012-03-27 }}. Tampisaw sa Ulan. Naala idi 2011-07-18.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.dumaguetedirectory.com/spots.htm &quot;Tourist Spots&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120715031949/http://www.dumaguetedirectory.com/spots.htm |date=2012-07-15 }}. Direktorio ti Dumaguete. Naala idi 2011-07-18.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;background-color:#FEFEFE;&quot; | [[Danaw Kalanganan|Kalanganan]]
| tektoniko a danaw
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|12|ha|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|512|m|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| [[Lanao del Norte]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;10&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-family:Courier New;font-size:1.10em;&quot; | [[Amianan a Mindanao|X]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{coord|8|4|59|N|124|15|16|E|name=Danaw Kalanganan|region:PH_type:waterbody}}
| Mabirukan idiay Pantar
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;background-color:#FEFEFE;&quot; | [[Penned La Mesa|La Mesa]]
| penned
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|463|ha|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|80|m|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| Awan (''mabirukan iti kaunegan ti [[Siudad ti Quezon]]'')
| data-sort-value=&quot;16&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-family:Courier New;font-size:1.10em;&quot; | [[Metro Manila|NCR]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{coord|14|43|1|N|121|4|46|E|name=La Mesa Lake|region:PH_type:waterbody}}
| Parte ti sistema ti danum ti Angat-Ipo-La Mesa, ti kangrunaan a taudan ti danum para iti Metro Manila
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;background-color:#FEFEFE;&quot; | [[Laguna de Bay]]
| tektoniko a danaw
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|93000|ha|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|2|m|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| [[Cavite]],&lt;br /&gt;[[Laguna]],&lt;br /&gt;[[Rizal]] &amp;&lt;br /&gt;[[Quezon]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-family:Courier New;font-size:1.10em;&quot; | [[CALABARZON|IV-A]]&amp;[[Nailian a Kapitolio a Rehion|NCR]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{coord|14|20|N|121|17|E|name=Laguna de Bay|region:PH_type:waterbody}}
| Parte ti danaw ket ti [[Kaldera ti Laguna]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;background-color:#FEFEFE;&quot; | [[Danaw Lanao|Lanao]]
| tektoniko a danaw
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|34000|ha|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|700|m|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| [[Lanao del Sur]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;14&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-family:Courier New;font-size:1.10em;&quot; | [[Agwaywayas a Rehion iti Muslim a Mindanao|ARMM]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{coord|7|51|N|124|15|E|name=Danaw Lanao|region:PH_type:waterbody}}
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;background-color:#FEFEFE;&quot; | [[Danaw Lanao (Bohol)|Lanao]]
| tektoniko a danaw
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|2|ha|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|5|m|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| [[Bohol]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;7&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-family:Courier New;font-size:1.10em;&quot; | [[Tengnga a Visayas|VII]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{coord|9|52|47|N|123|45|51|E|name=Danaw Lanao (Bohol)|region:PH_type:waterbody}}
| Mabirukan idiay Isla ti Cabilao&lt;ref&gt;(2006-03-18). [http://www.bohol.ph/article114.html &quot;A Visit to Cabilao Island&quot;]. Bohol Philippines &quot;God's Little Paradise&quot;. Naala idi 2011-07-13.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;background-color:#FEFEFE;&quot; | [[Danaw Leonard|Leonard]]
| abut ti bulkan a danaw
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|70|ha|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|800|m|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| [[Davao del Norte]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;11&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-family:Courier New;font-size:1.10em;&quot; | [[Rehion ti Davao|XI]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{coord|7|23|37|N|126|3|32|E|name=Danaw Leonard|region:PH_type:waterbody}}
| Sangkapaset laeng a punnuenna ti 4 x 5&amp;nbsp;km [[Leonard Kniaseff|Kaldera ti Leonard]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;background-color:#FEFEFE;&quot; | [[Danaw Libuao|Libuao]]
| abut ti bulkan a danaw
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|24|ha|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|800|m|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| [[Occidental Mindoro]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;4.2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-family:Courier New;font-size:1.10em;&quot; | [[MIMAROPA|IV-B]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{coord|7|23|37|N|126|3|32|E|name=Libuao Lake|region:PH_type:waterbody}}
| Nanganan manipud iti puraw a lotus, ''Libua'' iti [[Dagiti tattao a Mangyan|Mangyan]], nga adu a mabirukan iti rabaw ti danaw&lt;ref&gt;simelguwapo (2007-11-29). [http://sablayan.blogspot.com/ &quot;Sablayan |About the Town&quot;]. Sablayan, Occidental Mindoro. Naala idi 2011-07-28.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Occidental&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;background-color:#FEFEFE;&quot; | [[Danaw Looc|Looc]]
| tektoniko a danaw
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|113|ha|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|34|m|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| [[Zambales]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-family:Courier New;font-size:1.10em;&quot; | [[Tengnga a Luzon|III]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{coord|14|54|3|N|120|9|56|E|name=Danaw Looc|region:PH_type:waterbody}}
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;background-color:#FEFEFE;&quot; | [[Danaw Lumao|Lumao]]
| tektoniko a danaw
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|1680|ha|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|17|m|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| [[Agusan del Sur]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;13&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-family:Courier New;font-size:1.10em;&quot; | [[Caraga|XIII]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{coord|8|26|39|N|125|46|23|E|name=Danaw Lumao|region:PH_type:waterbody}}
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;background-color:#FEFEFE;&quot; | [[Danaw Lumot|Lumot]]
| reservoir
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|582|ha|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|300|m|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| [[Laguna]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-family:Courier New;font-size:1.10em;&quot; | [[CALABARZON|IV-A]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{coord|14|15|16|N|121|32|59|E|name=Danaw Lumot|region:PH_type:waterbody}}
| Binukel babaen ti pannakabangon ti [[Penned Lumot]], a nangpenned iti Karayan Lumot
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;background-color:#FEFEFE;&quot; | [[Danaw Mabilog|Mabilog]]
| abut ti bulkan a danaw
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|2|ha|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|1605|m|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| [[Negros Oriental]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;7&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-family:Courier New;font-size:1.10em;&quot; | [[Tengnga a Visayas|VII]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{coord|9|15|4|N|123|10|30|E|name=Danaw Mabilog|region:PH_type:waterbody}}
| Maysa kadagiti dua nga abut ti bulkan a danaw iti [[Cuernos de Negros]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mountaineer&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;background-color:#FEFEFE;&quot; | [[Penned Magat|Magat]]
| penned
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|1122|ha|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|192|m|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| [[Ifugao]] &amp;&lt;br /&gt;[[Isabela]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;15&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-family:Courier New;font-size:1.10em;&quot; | [[Rehion Administratibo ti Kordiliera|CAR]] &amp;&lt;br /&gt;[[Tanap ti Cagayan|II]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{coord|16|49|30|N|121|25|33|E|name=Danaw Magat|region:PH_type:waterbody}}
| Napartuat babaen ti panagpenned iti Karayan Magat
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;background-color:#FEFEFE;&quot; | [[Danaw Mahokdum|Mahokdum]]
| abut ti bulkan a danaw&lt;ref name=&quot;GVP&quot;&gt;[http://www.volcano.si.edu/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=0701-09-&amp;volpage=synsub &quot;Paco – Synonym and Subfeatures&quot;]. Global Volcanism Program. Naala idi 2011-07-01.&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|22|ha|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|190|m|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| [[Surigao del Norte]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;13&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-family:Courier New;font-size:1.10em;&quot; | [[Caraga|XIII]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{coord|9|34|7|N|125|32|23|E|name=Danaw Mahokdum|region:PH_type:waterbody}}
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;background-color:#FEFEFE;&quot; | [[Danaw Mainit|Mainit]]
| tektoniko a danaw
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|17340|ha|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|42|m|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| [[Surigao del Norte]] &amp;&lt;br /&gt;[[Agusan del Norte]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;13&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-family:Courier New;font-size:1.10em;&quot; | [[Caraga|XIII]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{coord|9|27|31|N|125|31|10|E|name=Danaw Mainit|region:PH_type:waterbody}}
| Maikadua a kaadaleman a danaw iti pagilian iti {{pagbaliwen|223|m|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;background-color:#FEFEFE;&quot; | [[Danaw Malimanga|Malimanga]]
| tektoniko a danaw
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|12|ha|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|7|m|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| [[Zambales]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-family:Courier New;font-size:1.10em;&quot; | [[Tengnga a Luzon|III]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{coord|15|38|41|N|119|56|8.5|E|name=Danaw Malimanga|region:PH_type:waterbody}}
| Mabirukan idiay Brgy. Malimanga, Candelaria, ti danaw ket nasalakniban a kas santuario ti billit ken ikan manipud idi 1980.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.pawb.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=63:region-3&amp;catid=69:regions &quot;Nasalakniban a Luglugar iti Rehion 3&quot;] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120321103448/http://www.pawb.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=63%3Aregion-3&amp;catid=69%3Aregions |date=2012-03-21 }}. Protected Areas and Wildlife Bureau. Naala idi 2012-05-19.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;background-color:#FEFEFE;&quot; | [[Danaw Manamlay|Manamlay]]
| tektoniko a danaw
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|11|ha|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|21|m|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| [[Occidental Mindoro]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;4.2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-family:Courier New;font-size:1.10em;&quot; | [[MIMAROPA|IV-B]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{coord|12|59|7|N|120|51|23|E|name=Manamlay Lake|region:PH_type:waterbody}}
| Ammo pay a kas Danaw Panikian para kadagiti adu a panniki iti lugar.&lt;ref name=&quot;Occidental&quot;&gt;[http://tamaraw21.tripod.com/main1.html &quot;Tursmo&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305070229/http://tamaraw21.tripod.com/main1.html |date=2016-03-05 }}. Website ti Occidental Mindoro. Naala idi 2011-07-28.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Collar, N.J. and Mallari, Neil Aldrin D.. [https://books.google.com/books?id=R-3aAAAAMAAJ &quot;Threatened birds of the Philippines&quot;], pg. 490. Unibersidad ti Michigan, 1999.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;background-color:#FEFEFE;&quot; | [[Danaw Manguao|Manguao]]
| tektoniko a danaw
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|741|ha|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|21|m|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| [[Palawan]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;4.2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-family:Courier New;font-size:1.10em;&quot; | [[MIMAROPA|IV-B]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{coord|10|45|46|N|119|33|1|E|name=Danaw Manguao|region:PH_type:waterbody}}
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;background-color:#FEFEFE;&quot; | [[Danaw Mapanuepe|Mapanuepe]]
| [[lahar]]-[[penned|napennedan]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|648|ha|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|129|m|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| [[Zambales]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-family:Courier New;font-size:1.10em;&quot; | [[Tengnga a Luzon|III]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{coord|14|58|55|N|120|17|40|E|name=Mapanuepe Lake|region:PH_type:waterbody}}
| Napartuat idi manipud iti lahar a nagtaud manipud iti [[Bantay Pinatubo]] a nagpenned iti pagtumpongan dagiti Karayan Mapanuepe ken Marella.
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;background-color:#FEFEFE;&quot; | [[Danaw Maughan|Maughan]]
| abut ti bulkan a danaw
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|317|ha|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|1338|m|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| [[Abagatan a Cotabato]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;12&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-family:Courier New;font-size:1.10em;&quot; | [[SOCCSKSARGEN|XII]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{coord|6|6|5|N|124|53|20|E|name=Danaw Maughan|region:PH_type:waterbody}}
| Napartuat iti panagbettak ti Bulkan Parker idi Enero 4, 1641
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;background-color:#FEFEFE;&quot; | [[Danaw Muhikap|Muhikap]]
| abut ti bulkan a danaw
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|15|ha|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|80|m|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| [[Laguna]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-family:Courier New;font-size:1.10em;&quot; | [[CALABARZON|IV-A]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{coord|14|7|20|N|121|20|3|E|name=Danaw Muhikap|region:PH_type:waterbody}}
| Maysa kadagiti [[Pito a Dandanaw ti  San Pablo|pito a dandanaw ti Siudad ti San Pablo]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;background-color:#FEFEFE;&quot; | [[Danaw Nag-aso Boiling|Nag-aso Boiling]]
| [[termal a danaw]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|3|ha|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|35|m|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| [[Albay]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-family:Courier New;font-size:1.10em;&quot; | [[Rehion ti Bicol|V]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{coord|13|7|27.8|N|123|54|28.10|E|name=Nag-aso Boiling Lake|region:PH_type:waterbody}}
| Mabirukan idiay Brgy. Holugan, Manito, ti napudot nga ubbog a mangpakan iti danaw nga agraman kadagiti temperatura iti agarup a {{pagbaliwen|100|C|F}} ket mabirukan iti Amianan-Daya a suli ti danaw.&lt;ref&gt;Visit Legazpi (2012-0419). [http://wowlegazpi.com/nag-aso-boiling-lake-manito/ &quot;Nag-aso Boiling Lake, Manito&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120427002806/http://wowlegazpi.com/nag-aso-boiling-lake-manito/ |date=2012-04-27 }}. Wow Legazpi. Naala idi 2012-05-19.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;background-color:#FEFEFE;&quot; | [[Danaw Nailig|Nailig]]
| abut ti bulkan a danaw
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|11|ha|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|1599|m|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| [[Negros Oriental]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;7&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-family:Courier New;font-size:1.10em;&quot; | [[Rehion ti Isla ti Negros|XVIII]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{coord|9|14|52|N|123|10|23|E|name=Danaw Nailig|region:PH_type:waterbody}}
| Maysa kadagiti dua nga abut ti bulkan a danaw iti Cuernos de Negros&lt;ref name=&quot;Mountaineer&quot;&gt;(2009-06-05). [http://www.pinoymountaineer.com/2009/06/mt-talinisbediao-apolong-traverse-to.html &quot;Mt. Talinis/Bediao-Apolong Traverse to Casaroro Falls&quot;]. Pinoy Mountaineer. Naala idi 2011-07-18.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;background-color:#FEFEFE;&quot; | [[Danaw Nalapan|Nalapan]]
| tektoniko a danaw
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|3|ha|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|515|m|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| [[Davao del Sur]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;11&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-family:Courier New;font-size:1.10em;&quot; | [[Rehion ti Davao|XI]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{coord|5|46|47|N|125|28|49|E|name=Danaw Nalapan|region:PH_type:waterbody}}
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;background-color:#FEFEFE;&quot; | [[Danaw Napalit|Napalit]]
| tektoniko a danaw
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|36|ha|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|1041|m|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| [[Bukidnon]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;10&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-family:Courier New;font-size:1.10em;&quot; | [[Amianan a Mindanao|X]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{coord|7|52|5|N|124|47|3|E|name=Danaw Napalit|region:PH_type:waterbody}}
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;background-color:#FEFEFE;&quot; | [[Danaw Naujan|Naujan]]
| tektoniko a danaw
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|8125|ha|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|20|m|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| [[Oriental Mindoro]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;4.2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-family:Courier New;font-size:1.10em;&quot; | [[MIMAROPA|IV-B]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{coord|13|10|25|N|121|21|12|E|name=Danaw Naujan|region:PH_type:waterbody}}
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;background-color:#FEFEFE;&quot; | [[Danaw Nunungan|Nunungan]]
| tektoniko a danaw |
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|153|ha|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|830|m|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| [[Lanao del Norte]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;10&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-family:Courier New;font-size:1.10em;&quot; | [[Amianan a Mindanao|X]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{coord|7|49|21|N|123|57|19|E|name=Danaw Nunungan|region:PH_type:waterbody}}
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;background-color:#FEFEFE;&quot; | [[Danaw Palakpakin|Palakpakin]]
| abut ti bulkan a danaw
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|43|ha|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|136|m|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| [[Laguna]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-family:Courier New;font-size:1.10em;&quot; | [[CALABARZON|IV-A]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{coord|14|6|37|N|121|20|24|E|name=Danaw Palakpakin|region:PH_type:waterbody}}
| Maysa kadagiti [[Pito a Dandanaw ti  San Pablo|pito a dandanaw ti Siudad ti San Pablo]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;background-color:#FEFEFE;&quot; | [[Danaw Panamao|Panamao]]
| abut ti bulkan a danaw
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|68|ha|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|114|m|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| [[Sulu]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;14&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-family:Courier New;font-size:1.10em;&quot; | [[Agwaywayas a Rehion iti Muslim a Mindanao|ARMM]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{coord|5|58|11|N|121|10|13|E|name=Danaw Panamao|region:PH_type:waterbody}}
| Maysa kadagiti uppat nga abut ti bulkan a dandanaw ti isla ti [[Jolo]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;background-color:#FEFEFE;&quot; | [[Dan-danaw Pandin ken Yambo|Pandin]]
| abut ti bulkan a danaw
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|21|ha|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|225|m|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| [[Laguna]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-family:Courier New;font-size:1.10em;&quot; | [[CALABARZON|IV-A]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{coord|14|6|52|N|121|22|8|E|name=Danaw Pandin|region:PH_type:waterbody}}
| Maysa kadagiti [[Pito a Dandanaw ti  San Pablo|pito a dandanaw ti Siudad ti San Pablo]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;background-color:#FEFEFE;&quot; | [[Danaw Pantabangan|Pantabangan]]
| reservoir
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|5923|ha|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|202|m|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| [[Nueva Ecija]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-family:Courier New;font-size:1.10em;&quot; | [[Tengnga a Luzon|III]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{coord|15|50|9|N|121|9|18|E|name=Danaw Pantabangan|region:PH_type:waterbody}}
| Kadakkelan nga inaramid ti tao a danaw iti Filipinas
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;background-color:#FEFEFE;&quot; | [[Danaw Paoay|Paoay]]
| tektoniko a danaw
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|403|ha|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|15|m|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| [[Ilocos Norte]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-family:Courier New;font-size:1.10em;&quot; | [[Ilocos Region|I]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{coord|18|7|12|N|120|32|4|E|name=Danaw Paoay|region:PH_type:waterbody}}
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;background-color:#FEFEFE;&quot; | [[Danaw Pinag-ulbuan|Pinag-ulbuan]]
| abut ti bulkan a danaw
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|2|ha|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|19|m|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| [[Batangas]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-family:Courier New;font-size:1.10em;&quot; | [[CALABARZON|IV-A]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{coord|14|1|21|N|121|0|54|E|name=Danaw Pinag-ulbuan|region:PH_type:waterbody}}
| Mabirukan iti akindaya a bangir ti Isla ti Bulakan Taal
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;background-color:#FEFEFE;&quot; | [[Danaw Pinamaloy|Pinamaloy]]
| tektoniko a danaw
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|60|ha|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|312|m|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| [[Bukidnon]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;10&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-family:Courier New;font-size:1.10em;&quot; | [[Amianan a Mindanao|X]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{coord|7|40|15|N|124|59|59|E|name=Danaw Pinamaloy|region:PH_type:waterbody}}
| Ammo pay a kas Danaw Pinamalay
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;background-color:#FEFEFE;&quot; | [[Danaw Pinatubo|Pinatubo]]
| abut ti bulkan a danaw
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|183|ha|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|926|m|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| [[Zambales]]&lt;ref&gt;U.S. Corps of Engineers. [http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/ams/philippines/txu-oclc-6539351-nd51-1-450.jpg &quot;Tarlac map&quot;]. University of Texas in Austin Library. Naala idi 2011-06-11.&lt;/ref&gt;
| data-sort-value=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-family:Courier New;font-size:1.10em;&quot; | [[Tengnga a Luzon|III]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{coord|15|8|37|N|120|20|56|E|name=Danaw Pinatubo|region:PH_type:waterbody}}
| Pantok nga abut ti bulkan a danaw a napartuat kalpasan ti 1991 a panagbettak ti [[Bantay Pinatubo]].  Kaadaleaman a danaw iti pagilian iti {{pagbaliwen|800|m|ft|abbr=on}}&lt;ref&gt;[http://volcano.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/update_VMEPD/Volcano/VolcanoList/pinatubo.htm &quot;Pinatubo&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090129222823/http://volcano.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/update_VMEPD/Volcano/VolcanoList/pinatubo.htm |date=2009-01-29 }}. Philippine Institute of Volcanoloty and Seismology. Naala idi 2012-05-18.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;background-color:#FEFEFE;&quot; | [[Karayan Pulangi#Watershed and Hydroelectric Plant|Pulangi]]
| reservoir
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|1985|ha|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|340|m|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| [[Bukidnon]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;10&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-family:Courier New;font-size:1.10em;&quot; | [[Amianan a Mindanao|X]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{coord|7|48|31|N|125|2|19|E|name=Danaw Pulangi|region:PH_type:waterbody}}
| Mangpataray iti Pulangi IV Hydroelectric Plant ken mangipaay iti mainum a danum para iti Bukidnon
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;background-color:#FEFEFE;&quot; | [[Danaw Pulog|Pulog]]
| abut ti bulkan a danaw
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|2|ha|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|829|m|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| [[Sorsogon]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-family:Courier New;font-size:1.10em;&quot; | [[Rehion ti Bicol|V]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{coord|13|2|33|N|123|58|55|E|name=Danaw Pulog|region:PH_type:waterbody}}
| Iti pantok ti Bantay Pulog iti [[Banbantay Pocdol]] iti asideg ti [[Bacon, Sorsogon]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;background-color:#FEFEFE;&quot; | [[Danaw Sampaloc|Sampaloc]]
| abut ti bulkan a danaw
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|104|ha|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|134|m|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| [[Laguna]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-family:Courier New;font-size:1.10em;&quot; | [[CALABARZON|IV-A]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{coord|14|4|42|N|121|19|49|E|name=Danaw Sampaloc|region:PH_type:waterbody}}
| Maysa kadagiti [[Pito a Dandanaw ti  San Pablo|pito a dandanaw ti Siudad ti San Pablo]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;background-color:#FEFEFE;&quot; | [[Danaw San Marcos|San Marcos]]
| lahar-napennedan
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|24|ha|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|222|m|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| [[Tarlac]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-family:Courier New;font-size:1.10em;&quot; | [[Tengnga a Luzon|III]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{coord|15|18|49|N|120|23|27|E|name=Danaw San Marcos|region:PH_type:waterbody}}
| Maysa kadagiti danaw a napartuat manipud idi 1991 a panagbettak ti Bantay Pinatubo
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;background-color:#FEFEFE;&quot; | [[Danaw San Roque|San Roque]]
| penned
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|882|ha|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|155|m|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| [[Pangasinan]] &amp;&lt;br /&gt;[[Benguet]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-family:Courier New;font-size:1.10em;&quot; | [[Ilocos Region|I]] &amp;&lt;br /&gt;[[Rehion Administratibo ti Kordiliera|CAR]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{coord|16|9|38|N|120|41|28|E|name=San Roque Lake|region:PH_type:waterbody}}
| Ti maikatlo a penned iti Karayan  Agno kalpasan ti Danao Ambuklao ken Danaw Binga
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;background-color:#FEFEFE;&quot; | [[Abut ti bulakan a Danaw Sani|Sani]]
| abut ti bulkan a danaw
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|11|ha|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|130|m|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| [[Sulu]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;14&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-family:Courier New;font-size:1.10em;&quot; | [[Agwaywayas a Rehion iti Muslim a Mindanao|ARMM]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{coord|5|56|4|N|121|21|0|E|name=Abut ti Bulkan a Danaw Sani|region:PH_type:waterbody}}
| Maysa kadagiti uppat nga abut ti bulkan a dandanaw ti isla ti [[Jolo]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;background-color:#FEFEFE;&quot; | [[Danaw Sapa|Sapa]]
| tektoniko a danaw
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|112|ha|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|23|m|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| [[Tawi-Tawi]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;14&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-family:Courier New;font-size:1.10em;&quot; | [[Agwaywayas a Rehion iti Muslim a Mindanao|ARMM]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{coord|7|0|37|N|118|29|28|E|name=Danaw Sapa|region:PH_type:waterbody}}
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;background-color:#FEFEFE;&quot; | [[Danaw Sebu|Sebu]]
| tektoniko a danaw |
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|354|ha|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|1000|m|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| [[Abagatan a Cotabato]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;12&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-family:Courier New;font-size:1.10em;&quot; | [[SOCCSKSARGEN|XII]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{coord|6|13|44|N|124|42|18|E|name=Danaw Sebu|region:PH_type:waterbody}}
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;background-color:#FEFEFE;&quot; | [[Danaw Seit|Seit]]
| abut ti bulkan a danaw
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|59|ha|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|17|m|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| [[Sulu]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;14&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-family:Courier New;font-size:1.10em;&quot; | [[Agwaywayas a Rehion iti Muslim a Mindanao|ARMM]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{coord|5|59|17|N|121|12|40|E|name=Danaw Seit|region:PH_type:waterbody}}
| Maysa kadagiti uppat nga abut ti bulkan a dandanaw ti isla ti [[Jolo]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;background-color:#FEFEFE;&quot; | [[Danaw Singuan|Singuan]]
| abut ti bulkan a danaw
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|112|ha|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|23|m|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| [[Tawi-Tawi]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;14&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-family:Courier New;font-size:1.10em;&quot; | [[Agwaywayas a Rehion iti Muslim a Mindanao|ARMM]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{coord|6|58|19|N|118|29|15|E|name=Danaw Singuan|region:PH_type:waterbody}}
| Maysa kadagiti tallo nga agaassideg nga abut ti bulkan a danaw iti [[Mapun]], ti maysa ket nawaya iti baybay isu a teknikal a saan a danaw.
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;background-color:#FEFEFE;&quot; | [[Danaw Sungculan|Sungculan]]
| tektoniko a danaw
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|49|ha|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|0|m|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| [[Bohol]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;7&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-family:Courier New;font-size:1.10em;&quot; | [[Tengnga a Visayas|VII]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{coord|9|38|6|N|123|50|11|E|name=Danaw Sungculan|region:PH_type:waterbody}}
| Ti Sungculan ket ti maysa a naapgad a danum a danaw a mabirukan idiay Brgy. Songculan iti [[Dauis, Bohol|Dauis]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Sungculan+Lake,+Philippines&amp;hl=en&amp;ll=9.633965,123.834844&amp;spn=0.030125,0.0318&amp;sll=37.0625,-95.677068&amp;sspn=49.176833,65.126953&amp;hnear=Sungculan+Lake&amp;t=m&amp;z=15 &quot;Sungculan Lake&quot;]. Google Maps. Naala idi 2012-05-19.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;background-color:#FEFEFE;&quot; | [[Taal Lake|Taal]]
| abut ti bulkan a danaw |
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|23420|ha|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|5|m|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| [[Batangas]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-family:Courier New;font-size:1.10em;&quot; | [[CALABARZON|IV-A]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{coord|13|58|33|N|121|0|48|E|name=Taal Lake|region:PH_type:waterbody}}
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;background-color:#FEFEFE;&quot; | [[Bulkan Taal|Nangruna nga Abut ti Bulkan ti Taal]]
| abut ti bulkan a danaw
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|121|ha|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|5|m|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| [[Batangas]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-family:Courier New;font-size:1.10em;&quot; | [[CALABARZON|IV-A]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{coord|14|0|41|N|120|59|52|E|name=Danaw ti Nangruna nga Abut ti Bulkan ti Taal|region:PH_type:waterbody}}
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;background-color:#FEFEFE;&quot; | [[Danaw Tambo|Tambo]]
| lahar-dammed
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|79|ha|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|286|m|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| [[Tarlac]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-family:Courier New;font-size:1.10em;&quot; | [[Tengnga a Luzon|III]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{coord|15|17|47|N|120|22|23|E|name=Danaw Tambo|region:PH_type:waterbody}}
| Maysa kadagiti danaw a pinartuat babaen ti lahar manipud idi 1991 a panagbettak ti Bantay Pinatubo
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;background-color:#FEFEFE;&quot; | [[Danaw Tikub|Tikub]]
| abut ti bulkan a danaw
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|47|ha|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|53|m|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| [[Quezon]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-family:Courier New;font-size:1.10em;&quot; | [[CALABARZON|IV-A]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{coord|13|57|46|N|121|18|23|E|name=Danaw Tikub|region:PH_type:waterbody}}
| Ammo pay a kas ''Danaw Ticob'', ''Ticab'' wenno ''Ticub''
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;background-color:#FEFEFE;&quot; | [[Danaw Timpuok|Timpuok]]
| abut ti bulkan a danaw
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|32|ha|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|3|m|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| [[Sulu]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;14&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-family:Courier New;font-size:1.10em;&quot; | [[Agwaywayas a Rehion iti Muslim a Mindanao|ARMM]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{coord|6|2|16|N|121|10|45|E|name=Danaw Timpuok|region:PH_type:waterbody}}
| Maysa kadagiti uppat nga abut ti bulkan a danaw ti isla ti [[Jolo]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;background-color:#FEFEFE;&quot; | [[Tinagong Dagat (Lambunao)|Tinagong Dagat]]
| abut ti bulkan a danaw
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|4|ha|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|915|m|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| [[Iloilo]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-family:Courier New;font-size:1.10em;&quot; | [[Western Visayas|VI]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{coord|11|4|31|N|122|19|42|E|name=Tinagong Dagat (Lambunao)|region:PH_type:waterbody}}
| Mabirukan idiay Lambunao, Iloilo. Mabalin a maysa nga abut ti bulkan a danaw.
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;background-color:#FEFEFE;&quot; | [[Danaw Uacon|Uacon]]
| tektoniko a danaw
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|70|ha|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|0|m|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| [[Zambales]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-family:Courier New;font-size:1.10em;&quot; | [[Tengnga a Luzon|III]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{coord|15|40|19|N|119|56|24|E|name=Danaw Uacon|region:PH_type:waterbody}}
| Ti Danaw Uacon ket ti maysa a naapgad a danum a danaw a naikapet iti baybay babaen ti 2-km a karayan.&lt;ref&gt;Arnell (2006-05-07). [http://members.virtualtourist.com/m/b71e2/150276/ &quot;Uacon, Candelaria, Zambales, Philippines&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151121211305/http://members.virtualtourist.com/m/b71e2/150276/ |date=2015-11-21 }}. Virtual Tourist. Naala idi 2011-07-13.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;background-color:#FEFEFE;&quot; | [[Danaw Uyaan|Uyaan]]
| tektoniko a danaw
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|28|ha|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|343|m|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| [[Lanao del Sur]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;14&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-family:Courier New;font-size:1.10em;&quot; | [[Agwaywayas a Rehion iti Muslim a Mindanao|ARMM]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{coord|7|51|41|N|124|3|29|E|name=Danaw Uyaan|region:PH_type:waterbody}}
| Ammo pay a kas Danaw Ugaan
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;background-color:#FEFEFE;&quot; | [[Danaw Venado|Venado]]
| tektoniko a danaw
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|2194|m|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| [[Amianan a Cotabato]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;12&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-family:Courier New;font-size:1.10em;&quot; | [[SOCCSKSARGEN|XII]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{coord|7|0|11|N|125|16|3|E|name=Danaw Venado|region:PH_type:waterbody}}
| Mabirukan iti bakras ti katayagan a bantay iti Filipinas, [[Bantay Apo]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;background-color:#FEFEFE;&quot; | [[Danaw Wood (Filipinas)|Wood]]
| tektoniko a danaw
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|738|ha|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|320|m|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| [[Zamboanga del Sur]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;9&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-family:Courier New;font-size:1.10em;&quot; | [[Peninsula ti Zamboanga|IX]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{coord|7|50|36|N|123|9|47|E|name=Danaw Wood|region:PH_type:waterbody}}
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;background-color:#FEFEFE;&quot; | [[Danaw Yagumyum|Yagumyum]]
| abut ti bulkan a danaw
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|1|ha|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|1422|m|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| [[Negros Oriental]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;7&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-family:Courier New;font-size:1.10em;&quot; | [[Rehion ti Isla ti Negros|XVIII]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{coord|9|15|3|N|123|11|12|E|name=Danaw Yagumyum|region:PH_type:waterbody}}
| Naisakkaw iti pagbaetan ti Pantok Talinis ken Pantok Yagumyum ti [[Cuernos de Negros]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mountaineer&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;background-color:#FEFEFE;&quot; | [[Dan-danaw Pandin ken Yambo|Yambo]]
| abut ti bulkan a danaw
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|5|ha|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{pagbaliwen|225|m|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| [[Laguna]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-family:Courier New;font-size:1.10em;&quot; | [[CALABARZON|IV-A]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{coord|14|7|9|N|121|21|59|E|name=Danaw Yambo|region:PH_type:waterbody}}
| Maysa kadagiti [[Pito a dandanaw ti San Pablo|pito nga abut ti bulkan a danaw ti Siudad ti San Pablo]]
|}

== Dagiti ladawan ==

=== Dagiti kadakkelan ken kaadaleman a danaw ===
&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot;&gt;
Papeles:LagunaCaldera04.jpg|[[Laguna de Bay]], ti kadakkelan a danaw iti Filipinas
Papeles:Lake Lanao zoom.jpg|[[Danaw Lanao]], maikadua
Papeles:Taal View from Tagaytay 2010.JPG|[[Danaw Taal]], maikatlo
Papeles:Lake Mainit Surigao del Norte sunset.JPG|[[Danaw Mainit]], maikapat, ken ti maikadua a kaadaleman
Papeles:Crater lake Pinatubo.jpg|Ti [[Danaw Pinatubo]] ket ti kaadaleman iti {{pagbaliwen|800|m|ft|abbr=on}} ken maysa kadagiti kaubingan.
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Kitaen pay ==
{{Commonscat-inline|Lakes of the Philippines}}
*[[Heograpia ti Filipinas]]

== Dagiti nagibasaran ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

{{Dagiti danaw ti Filipinas}}

[[Kategoria:Dagiti danaw ti Filipinas|*]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>The Plant List</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="6024" sha1="az84ljjgotn6jatr42a97m4s8pjcsir" xml:space="preserve">{{selfref|Ti mangdakamat iti daytoy a reperensia iti Wikipedia, usaren ti {{tl|ThePlantList}}.}}
{{Infobox website
| name           = ''The Plant List''
| logo           = 
| logo_size      = 
| screenshot     = 
| caption        = ''The Plant List''
| url            = {{URL|http://www.theplantlist.org/}}
| commercial     = 
| type           = [[Ensiklopedia]]
| language       = [[Pagsasao nga Ingles|Ingles]]
| registration   = 
| owner          = 
| launch date    = Disiembre 2010
| current status = bersion 1.1 Septiembre 2013
| author         = [[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]] ken [[Missouri Botanical Garden]]
| alexa          = [http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/theplantlist.org 138,478] manipud idi 20140119
}}

Ti '''The Plant List''' ket ti listaan dagiti [[Nagan a botaniko|botanikal a nagan]] dagiti sebbangan ti mulmula a pinartuat babaen ti [[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]] ken ti [[Missouri Botanical Garden]] ken nairugi idi 2010.&lt;ref name=&quot;discovery news&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=http://news.discovery.com/earth/plant-database-library-101229.html | title=World's Largest Plants Database Assembled | publisher=discovery.com | date=2010 | access-date=2019-03-14 | archive-date=2012-07-13 | archive-url=https://archive.today/20120713063754/http://news.discovery.com/earth/plant-database-library-101229.html | url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Naikeddeng idi daytoy a komprehensibo a rehistro iti amin nga ammo a nagnagan dagiti sebbangan ti mula kadagiti amin a mapalabas a panawen.

Idi Oktubre 2012, nairugi ti pangsaruno a proyekto iti World Flora Online nga addaan idi iti gandat a mangipablaak iti maysa nga online ti flora iti amin nga ammo a mulmula babaen intono 2020.&lt;ref name=&quot;World Flora Online&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=http://about.worldfloraonline.org/ | title=Website of the World Flora Online Consortium | publisher=The World Flora Online Consortium | accessdate=Marso 10, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Adda pay maysa a komplimentario aproyekto a tinawtawagan iti [[International Plant Names Index]] (IPNI), a nairaman pay ti Kew.  Ti IPNI ket mangigandat a mangited kadagiti salaysay iti pablaak ken saan nga aggandat a mangikeddeng no ania dagiti maawat a nagan dagiti sebbangan. Dagiti kabarbaro a naipablaak a nagan ket automatikoda a mainayon manipud iti IPNI iti [[World Checklist of Selected Plant Families]], ti maysa a database a nakaibatayan ti Plant List.

== Dagiti nabirukan ==
Ti Plant List ket addaan kadagiti 1,064,035 a sientipiko a nagnagan ti [[mula]] iti ranggo ti [[sebbangan]].&lt;ref name=&quot;The Plant List&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.theplantlist.org/ | title=Summary Statistics | work=The Plant List | accessdate=Hunio 27, 2014 | archive-date=2019-05-23 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523171514/http://www.theplantlist.org/ | url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; 350,699 ket dagiti maawat a nagnagan ti sebbangan, a maitagikua kadagiti 642 [[Pamilia (biolohia)|pamilia]] ti mula ken dagiti 17,020 a [[Henero (biolohia)|henero]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/cp/science/i81521.html|title=US, British scientists drew up the comprehensive list of world's known land plants|publisher=CBC }}&lt;/ref&gt;
Mangawat ti Plant List kadagiti agarup a 350,699 a naisangayan a sebbangan, nga agraman kadagiti 470,624 a [[Sinonimo (taksonomia)|sinonimo]] para kadagita a sebbangan, a mangisingasing nga adu kadagita a sebbangan ket naibagbagadan babaen ti ad-adu ngem maysa a nagan.  Manipud idi 2014, Nakaikeddeng ti Plant List nga adda pay dagiti 243,000 a nagan a 'di nasolbar', a ti kayatna a sawen ket saan pay a nakedngan dagiti botaniko no sabalida a sebbangan wenno duplikado dagiti 350,699 a naisangayan a sebbangan.

== Pannakadlaw iti publiko ==
Idi nairugi ti The Plant List idi 2010 (ti [[International Year of Biodiversity]]), daytoy ket nakaawis iti pannakadlaw iti midia para iti komprehensibo nga arngianna. Nangitampok ti [[Fox News]] ti bilang dagiti sinonimo a nabirukan, a mangisingasing a daytoy ket naipaltiing iti maysa a &quot;nakasidsiddaaw a kaawan&quot; ti dibersidad iti daga.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Fox News&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.foxnews.com/scitech/2010/12/30/worlds-plant-life-far-diverse-previously-thought/#ixzz19t9BPqzQ|title=World's Plant Life Far Less Diverse Than Previously Thought|publisher=Fox News|date=30 Disiembre 2010|access-date=2019-03-14|archive-date=2015-09-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924151403/http://www.foxnews.com/scitech/2010/12/30/worlds-plant-life-far-diverse-previously-thought/#ixzz19t9BPqzQ|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Nakaawis pay ti Plant List iti pannakadlaw para iti panangipatakder iti obra ni [[Charles Darwin]] ti maysa nga Ingles a naturalista, nga isuna idi 1880s ket nangirugi ti listaan iti mula a tinawtawagan iti [[Index Kewensis]] (IK).
Nanginayon ti Kew iti maysa a pagtengngaan iti 6,000 a sebbangan iti tinawen manipud idi immuna a naipablaak ti IK a nagraman kadagiti 400,000 a nagan dagiti sebbangan.&lt;ref name=&quot;Fox News&quot; /&gt;  Nupay kasta, ti IK (babaen idi 1913 nagliklik a nagaramid iti  taksonomiko a pangngeddeng kadagiti dakamatna) ket agdama a naipatpataray a kas parte ti IPNI imbes nga iti Plant List.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web  | url = http://www.ipni.org/ik_blurb.html  | title = About the Index Kewensis  | accessdate =  | author =   | authorlink =   | date =   | year = 2004  | work =   | publisher = International Plant Names Index  | quote =   }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kitaen pay ==
* [[Australian Plant Census]]
* [[Australian Plant Name Index]]
* [[Global Strategy for Plant Conservation]]
* [[International Plant Names Index]]
* [[Wikispecies]]

== Dagiti nagibasaran ==
{{Reflist}}

== Dagiti akinruar a silpo ==
*{{opisial a website|http://www.theplantlist.org/}}
*[http://www.worldfloraonline.org/ World Flora Online – An Online Flora of All Known Plants]
*[https://stateoftheworldsplants.com/ State of the World's Plants] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180907180715/https://stateoftheworldsplants.com/ |date=2018-09-07 }}

{{-}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Plant List}}
[[Kategoria:Botaniko a nomenklatura|.]]
[[Kategoria:Taksonomia ti mula]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Psidium sintenisii</title>
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      <text bytes="2702" sha1="iyb1xpjqs54fozhvdabe2e84y6t6a7a" xml:space="preserve">{{speciesbox
|image = Psidium sintenisii.jpg
|image_caption = Ilustrasion idi 1974&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.fs.usda.gov/detail/elyunque/learning/nature-science/?cid=fsbdev3_043054 illustration by Elbert J. Little; USDA-FS Handbook # 449; 1974].&lt;/ref&gt;
|status = CR
|status_system = IUCN2.3
|status_ref = &lt;ref name=iucn /&gt;
|genus = Psidium
|species = sintenisii
|authority = ([[Hjalmar Kiærskou|Kiærsk.]]) [[Henri Alain Liogier|Alain]]
|synonyms_ref=&lt;ref&gt;[http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/synonomy.do?name_id=166932 Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families]&lt;/ref&gt;
|synonyms = *''Calyptropsidium sintenisii'' &lt;small&gt;Kiaersk.&lt;/small&gt;
*''Mitropsidium sintenisii'' &lt;small&gt;(Kiaersk.) Burret&lt;/small&gt;
}}

Ti '''''Psidium sintenisii''''' ket ti sebbangan ti [[agsabsabong a mula]] iti pamilia ti mirtus iti [[Myrtaceae]]. Daytoy ket [[Endemismo|endemiko]] iti [[Puerto Rico]], nga ammo idiay manipud kadagiti tallo wenno uppat a bassit a subpopulasion, a kangrunaan iti kaunegan ti [[Nailian a Bakir ti El Yunque]]. Daytoy ket agtubo iti habitat iti nabasa a bakir ti bantay.&lt;ref name=iucn&gt;World Conservation Monitoring Centre. 1998. [http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/30950/0 ''Psidium sintenisii''.] In: IUCN 2013. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.1. Naala idi 19 Septiembre 2013.&lt;/ref&gt; Dagiti kadawyan a naganna ket mairaman ti '''bayabas ni Sintenis'''' ken '''''hoja menuda'''''.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&amp;search_value=27242 ''Psidium sintenisii''.] Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).&lt;/ref&gt;

Daytoy ket kankanayon a berde a  [[kayo]], ti maysa a sebbanga iti atap a [[bayabas]], ken makaabot iti 9 a metro iti katayag. Daytoy ket addaan iti maris-dapo, naguritan, napigispigis nga ukis ti kayo iti puon ken dagiti maraberde a sanga. Ti nasileng a berde a glandular a bulong ket aginggana iti 6.3 a sentimetro iti kaatiddog. Bugbugtong dagiti sabong kadagiti axil iti bulong, nga agtubo kadagiti atiddog nga ungkay. Agsukog dagiti busel a kas dagiti [[tarampo]], ken nabanglo dagitoy. Ti berde wenno maraduyaw a bunga ket aginggana iti agarup a 2 a sentimetro iti kaatiddog.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.fs.usda.gov/detail/elyunque/learning/nature-science/?cid=fsbdev3_043054 Endemic Plant Facts – January 2010 – Sintenis' Guava.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170926144428/https://www.fs.usda.gov/detail/elyunque/learning/nature-science/?cid=fsbdev3_043054 |date=2017-09-26 }} El Yunque National Park. USDA Forest Service.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dagiti nagibasaran ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q5489618}}
{{Myrtaceae-pungol}}

[[Kategoria:Psidium|sintenisii]]
[[Kategoria:Kaykayo ti Puerto Rico]]
[[Kategoria:Endemiko a flora ti Puerto Rico]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ni Josefa Llanes nga Escoda</title>
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      <text bytes="5301" sha1="6kt7c9hsn1xul88dgr5gz8wyw206597" xml:space="preserve">'''Ni Josefa Madamba Llanes Escoda''' (nayanak a '''Josefa Llanes y Madamba''' ; 20 Septiembre 1898 – 6 Enero 1945) ket maysa idi a [[Tattao a Filipino|Filipino]] maestra ken sosial worker a naamammuan it pannakaipasdek na iti  Girl Scouts of the Philippines ken dagiti kampania nga inaramid na para dagiti panagbutos iti babbai.

Idi nakaala suna iti sertipiko ti pagsuro iti haiskul idiay Unibersidad ng Pilipinas idi 1922, nagbalin a social worker para iti American Red Cross iti Pilipinas ken nakaawat iti scholarship tapno agadal idiay Estados Unidos. Isu ket nakaala suna iti master's degree na idi 1925 ken intuloyna ti social work na idiay Pilipinas iti simmaruno a tawen. Isu ket nakaala suna kadagiti nadumaduma a posision ti panagisuro kadagiti unibersidad ken dagiti posision ti social work a mainaig iti healthcare. Naiparangarang niya Josefa iti panagserbi ken panang-aywan kadagiti  karbengan dagiti babae ken ub-ubbing. Gapuna, simbolo isuna ti kinapudno, edukasiyon, ken napigsa met a panagserbi dagiti ilocano.

Isu ket naikkan suna iti titulo nga maysa a presidente iti National Federation of Women's Clubs manipud idi 1941 aginggana idi 1944. Idi nagumpisa it Maikadua a Sangalubongan a Gubat, isu ket nangidaulo ti pannakaipaay ti tulong kadagiti POW. Nupay kasta, isu ket naaresto suna idi 27 Agosto 1944 ken inkabil suna idiay Fort Santiago . Isu ket naudi a Nakita nga nabiag idi 6 Enero 1945.

Kaduana da José Abad Santos ken Vicente Lim, isu ket nailadawan iti maysa a ribu a pisos a papel de banko ti Filipinas isada nga Filipino a natay a nangsaranget ti [[Panangsakup ti Hapon iti Filipinas|panagsakup dagiti Hapon iti Filipinas]] . Isu ket naammuan suna a &quot;Florence Nightingale&quot; ti Filipinas gapu iti sosial a trabahona, kampaniana para iti karbengan ti panagbutos dagiti babbai, ken akemna iti panangbukel kadagiti Girl Scouts of the Philippines. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Mugas|first=John Michael|date=2022-09-19|title=Sept. 20 declared 'special non-working holiday' in Dingras, Ilocos Norte to honor war heroine|language=en|work=[[Philippine Daily Inquirer]]|url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1666624/sept-20-declared-special-non-working-holiday-in-dingras-ilocos-norte-to-honor-war-heroine|access-date=2025-02-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ni Josefa ay nakapalpas nga  valedictorian idiay Dingras Elementary School kin maysa a salutatorian idiay Laoag, Ilocos Norte.{{Sfn|Gwekoh|1952}} Napan suna iti Philippine Normal School diay [[Manila]] tatno makaala iti sertipiku na iti pangsuro idi 1918. Idi ag sursuro suna nakaala suna iti sertipiko diay University of the Philippines idi 1922.{{Sfn|Hernandez|1998}}

Naawanan ti biag iti itang na a ni Gabriel Llanes idi 1918 gapu iti dakil nga epidemia ti trangkaso iti Pilipinas {{Sfn|Gwekoh|1952}}

Idi nalpas suna ken nakaala iti sertipiko na iti panagsursuro, nagbalin suna a social worker para iti Philippine Chapter ti American Red Cross . Ti Red Cross  ket nangited kaniana ti eskolarsip a kas maysa a ''pensionada'' idiay Estados Unidos idi tawon a 1922 dahil sa rekomendasion manipud kenni Josefa Jara Martinez . Isu ket napan suna a nagadal idiay Eskuelaan ti Sosial a Trabaho ti Nueva York ken nakaala suna ti master's degree iti sosial works idiay  Unibersidad ti Columbia idi 1925. {{Sfn|Hernandez|1998}} &lt;ref name=&quot;FH&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://memory.nhcp.gov.ph/collections/?ptermid=554#item20444_1_190|title=Filipinos in history|date=1989|publisher=National Historical Institute|isbn=978-971-13-6037-5|editor-last=National Historical Institute (Philippines)|volume=1|location=Manila, Philippines|pages=176–177}} {{Natay a silpo|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ni Josefa ket maysa idi kadagiti nangikabil ti Nailian a Pederasion dagiti Klub ti Babbai (NFWC) idi 1921 ken katulongan a tesorero ti organisasion aginggana idi 1922. Isu ket nagtagtaginayon ti puesto idiay NFWC a kas ehekutibo a sekretario idi 1932, ken kas presidente manipud idi 1941 aginggana idi pimmusay idi 1945. Ni Josefa Escoda ket simmukat kenni Pilar Hidalgo-Lim a kas ti presidente ti NFWC idi 1941 ken sinukatan babaen ni Trinidad Legarda . {{Sfn|Gwekoh|1952}}

Nairaman laeng iti scholarship ni Josefa ti panag bayad na iti eskwela. Gapuna, nagadu ti inalala na nga agduruma nga trabaho, a pakairamanan iti trabaho iti opisina ken panagbantay iti ubing, ken bassit nga pinansial a tulong nga nag gapu idiay Ina na. {{Sfn|Gwekoh|1952}} Ni Josefa ket nakikadua iti maysa a grupo dagiti ganggannaet nga estudiante a nangsuporta ti pannakabangon ti Internasional a Balay idiay New York . Isu ket naituding kas mamalbalakad kadagiti estudiante ken nakaawat iti libre a taraon ken pagdagusan. {{Sfn|Hernandez|1998}} Bayat ti nawaya a panawenna idiay Internasional a Balay, isu ket nangawat kadagiti panagsao a panagkallaysa iti aglawlaw ti Estados Unidos tapno aglektura maipapan ti Filipinas kadagiti Amerikano a dumdumngeg nga addaan iti kompensasion. {{Sfn|Gwekoh|1952}} Ugalina pay idi ti agkawes iti Filipiniana a kawes bayat dagiti panagpasiarna iti lektura tapno maitandudo ti interes dagiti ganggannaet iti Filipinas. {{Sfn|Gwekoh|1952}}
[[Kategoria:Tattao nga Ilokano]]
[[Kategoria:1945 nga ipupusay]]
[[Kategoria:1898 a pannakaipasngay]]
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