Modul:Jezyky/data

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    <title>Modul:Jezyky/data</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-08-02T17:48:34Z</timestamp>
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        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
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      <text bytes="15919" sha1="jdzznbr8mp4bzo9i1esfe1z00llryaj" xml:space="preserve">-- Language table for [[Module:Jezyky]]
local languages = {}

-- Abhazsky
languages['ab'] = {
	abbr = 'abh.',
	name = 'Abhazsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na abhazskom',
}

-- Abaza
languages['abq'] = {
	abbr = 'abaz.',
	name = 'Abazinsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na abazinskom',
}

-- Adyghe
languages['ady'] = {
	abbr = 'adyg.',
	name = 'Adygejsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na adygejskom',
}

-- Afrikaans
languages['af'] = {
	abbr = 'afr.',
	name = 'Afrikaans',
	locative = 'na afrikaans',
}

-- Arabic
languages['ar'] = {
	dir = 'rtl',
	abbr = 'arab.',
	name = 'Arabsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na arabskom',
}

-- Avarsky
languages['av'] = {
	abbr = 'avar.',
	name = 'Avarsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na avarskom',
}

-- Azerbaijani
languages['az'] = {
	abbr = 'azer.',
	name = 'Azerbajdžansky jezyk',
	locative = 'na azerbajdžanskom',
}

-- Baškirsky
languages['ba'] = {
	abbr = 'bašk.',
	name = 'Baškirsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na baškirskom',
}

-- Belarusian
languages['be'] = {
	abbr = 'běl.',
	name = 'Bělorussky jezyk',
	locative = 'na bělorusskom',
}

languages['be-tarask'] = {
	abbr = 'kl. běl.',
	name = 'Taraškevica',
	locative = 'na taraškevicě',
}

-- Bulgarian
languages['bg'] = {
	abbr = 'bulg.',
	name = 'Bulgarsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na bulgarskom',
}

-- Bosnian
languages['bs'] = {
	abbr = 'bos.',
	name = 'Bosnijsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na bosnijskom',
}

-- Catalan
languages['ca'] = {
	abbr = 'kat.',
	name = 'Katalansky jezyk',
	locative = 'na katalanskom',
}

-- Chechen
languages['ce'] = {
	abbr = 'čeč.',
	name = 'Čečensky jezyk',
	locative = 'na čečenskom',
}

-- Montenegrin
languages['cnr'] = {
	abbr = 'črnogor.',
	name = 'Črnogorsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na črnogorskom',
}

-- Chuvash
languages['cv'] = {
	abbr = 'čuv.',
	name = 'Čuvašsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na čuvašskom',
}

-- Czech
languages['cs'] = {
	abbr = 'češ.',
	name = 'Češsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na češskom',
}

-- Kashubian
languages['csb'] = {
	abbr = 'kaš.',
	name = 'Kašubsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na kašubskom',
}

-- Church Slavonic
languages['cu'] = {
	abbr = 'crkovnoslov.',
	name = 'Crkovnoslovjansky jezyk',
	locative = 'na crkovnoslovjanskom',
}

-- Danish
languages['da'] = {
	abbr = 'dan.',
	name = 'Dansky jezyk',
	locative = 'na danskom',
}

-- Lower Sorbian
languages['dsb'] = {
	abbr = 'dolnoluž.',
	name = 'Dolnolužičsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na dolnolužičskom',
}

-- German
languages['de'] = {
	abbr = 'něm.',
	name = 'Němečsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na němečskom',
}

-- Greek
languages['el'] = {
	italic = false,
	abbr = 'greč.',
	name = 'Grečsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na grečskom',
}

-- English
languages['en'] = {
	abbr = 'ang.',
	name = 'Anglijsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na anglijskom',
}

-- Esperanto
languages['eo'] = {
	abbr = 'esp.',
	name = 'Esperanto',
	locative = 'na esperantu',
}

-- Spanish
languages['es'] = {
	abbr = 'špan.',
	name = 'Špansky jezyk',
	locative = 'na španskom',
}

-- Estonian
languages['et'] = {
	abbr = 'est.',
	name = 'Estonsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na estonskom',
}

-- Finnish
languages['fi'] = {
	abbr = 'fin.',
	name = 'Finsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na finskom',
}

-- French
languages['fr'] = {
	abbr = 'fr.',
	name = 'Francuzsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na francuzskom',
}

-- Frisian
languages['fy'] = {
	abbr = 'friz.',
	name = 'Frizijsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na frizijskom',
}

-- Irish
languages['ga'] = {
	abbr = 'irl.',
	name = 'Irlandsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na irlandskom',
}

-- Gothic
languages['got'] = {
	italic = false,
	abbr = 'got.',
	name = 'Gotsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na gotskom',
}

-- Ancient Greek
languages['grc'] = {
	italic = false,
	abbr = 'davnogreč.',
	name = 'Davnogrečsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na davnogrečskom',
}

-- Hawaiian
languages['haw'] = {
	abbr = 'hav.',
	name = 'Havajsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na havajskom',
}

-- Hebrew
languages['he'] = {
	dir = 'rtl',
	abbr = 'heb.',
	name = 'Hebrejsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na hebrejskom',
}

-- Hindi
languages['hi'] = {
	abbr = 'hindi',
	name = 'Hindi',
	locative = 'na jezyku hindi',
}

-- Croatian
languages['hr'] = {
	abbr = 'hrv.',
	name = 'Hrvatsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na hrvatskom',
}

-- Upper Sorbian
languages['hsb'] = {
	abbr = 'gornoluž.',
	name = 'Gornolužičsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na gornolužičskom',
}

-- Hungarian
languages['hu'] = {
	abbr = 'vug.',
	name = 'Vugrsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na vugrskom',
}

-- Armenian
languages['hy'] = {
	abbr = 'arm.',
	name = 'Arměnsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na arměnskom',
}

-- Interlingue/Occidental
languages['ie'] = {
	abbr = 'int.',
	name = 'Interlingve',
	locative = 'na interlingvu',
}

-- Indo-European languages
languages['ine'] = {
	abbr = 'indoevr.',
	name = 'Indoevropejske jezyky',
	locative = 'na indoevropejskyh jezykah',
}

-- Ido
languages['io'] = {
	abbr = 'ido',
	name = 'Ido',
	locative = 'na idu',
}

-- Icelandic
languages['is'] = {
	abbr = 'isl.',
	name = 'Islandsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na islandskom',
}

-- Interslavic
languages['isv'] = {
	abbr = 'medžusl.',
	name = 'Medžuslovjansky jezyk',
	locative = 'na medžuslovjanskom',
}

languages['isv-cyrl'] = languages['isv'];
languages['isv-latn'] = languages['isv'];

-- Italian
languages['it'] = {
	abbr = 'ital.',
	name = 'Italijansky jezyk',
	locative = 'na italijanskom',
}

-- Japanese
languages['ja'] = {
	italic = false,
	abbr = 'jap.',
	name = 'Japonsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na japonskom',
}

-- Georgian
languages['ka'] = {
	italic = false,
	abbr = 'gruz.',
	name = 'Gruzinsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na gruzinskom',
}

-- Kabardian
languages['kbd'] = {
	abbr = 'kab.',
	name = 'Kabardinsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na kabardinskom',
}

-- Kyrgyz
languages['ki'] = {
	abbr = 'kyr.',
	name = 'Kyrgyzsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na kyrgyzskom',
}

-- Kazakh
languages['kk'] = {
	abbr = 'kazah.',
	name = 'Kazahsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na kazahskom',
}

-- Karachay-Balkar
languages['krc'] = {
	abbr = 'kar.-balk.',
	name = 'Karačajsko-balkarsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na karačajsko-balkarskom',
}

-- Karelian
languages['krl'] = {
	abbr = 'karel.',
	name = 'Karelsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na karelskom',
}

-- Komi
languages['kv'] = {
	abbr = 'zyr.',
	name = 'Komi-zyrjansky jezyk',
	locative = 'na komi-zyrjanskom'
}

-- Latin
languages['la'] = {
	abbr = 'lat.',
	name = 'Latinsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na latinskom',
}

-- Luxemburgish
languages['lb'] = {
	abbr = 'luks.',
	name = 'Luksemburgsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na luksemburgskom',
}

-- Lezgi
languages['lez'] = {
	abbr = 'lezg.',
	name = 'Lezginsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na lezginskom',
}

-- Lingua Franca Nova
languages['lfn'] = {
	abbr = 'elefen',
	name = 'Lingua Franca Nova',
	locative = 'na lingva-franka-nově',
}

-- Lithuanian
languages['lt'] = {
	abbr = 'lit.',
	name = 'Litovsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na litovskom',
}

-- Latvian
languages['lv'] = {
	abbr = 'lat.',
	name = 'Latyšsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na latyšskom',
}

-- Macedonian
languages['mk'] = {
	abbr = 'mak.',
	name = 'Makedonsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na makedonskom',
}

-- Mongolian
languages['mn'] = {
	abbr = 'mon.',
	name = 'Mongolsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na mongolskom',
}

-- Maltese
languages['mt'] = {
	abbr = 'malt.',
	name = 'Maltijsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na maltijskom',
}

-- Erzya
languages['myv'] = {
	abbr = 'erz.',
	name = 'Erzjansky jezyk',
	locative = 'na erzjanskom',
}

-- Norwegian
languages['nb'] = {
	abbr = 'nor. buk.',
	name = 'Bukmol',
	locative = 'na norvežskom bukmolu',
}

-- Dutch
languages['nl'] = {
	abbr = 'nid.',
	name = 'Niderlandsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na niderlandskom',
}

-- Norwegian
languages['nn'] = {
	abbr = 'nor. njun.',
	name = 'Njunošk',
	locative = 'na norvežskom njunošku',
}

-- Norwegian
languages['no'] = {
	abbr = 'nor.',
	name = 'Norvežsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na norvežskom',
}

-- Nogay
languages['nog'] = {
	abbr = 'nogaj.',
	name = 'Nogajsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na nogajskom',
}

-- Old East Slavic
languages['orv'] = {
	abbr = 'Staroiztočnoslov.',
	name = 'staroiztočnoslovjansky jezyk',
	locative = 'na staroiztočnoslovjanskom',
}

-- Polish
languages['pl'] = {
	abbr = 'pol.',
	name = 'Poljsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na poljskom',
}

-- Pannonian Rusyn
languages['rsk'] = {
	abbr = 'panonsko-rusin.',
	name = 'Panonsko-rusinsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na panonsko-rusinskom',
}

-- Old Prussian
languages['prg'] = {
	abbr = 'staropruss.',
	name = 'Staroprussky jezyk',
	locative = 'na staroprusskom',
}

-- Portuguese
languages['pt'] = {
	abbr = 'port.',
	name = 'Portugalsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na portugalskom',
}

-- Quechua
languages['qu'] = {
	abbr = 'keč.',
	name = 'Jezyk Kečua',
	locative = 'na jezyku kečua',
}

-- Romanian
languages['rm'] = {
	abbr = 'romanš.',
	name = 'Romanšsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na romanšskom',
}

-- Romanian
languages['ro'] = {
	abbr = 'rum.',
	name = 'Rumunsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na rumunskom',
}

-- Russian
languages['ru'] = {
	abbr = 'rus.',
	name = 'Russky jezyk',
	locative = 'na russkom',
}

-- Rusyn
languages['rue'] = {
	abbr = 'rusin.',
	name = 'Rusinsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na rusinskom',
}

-- Sanskrit
languages['sa'] = {
	italic = false,
	abbr = 'Sanskr.',
	name = 'sanskrit',
	locative = 'na sanskritu',
}

-- Yakut
languages['sah'] = {
	italic = false,
	abbr = 'Jak.',
	name = 'jakutsky',
	locative = 'na jakutskom',
}

-- Serbo-Croatian
languages['sh'] = {
	abbr = 'srbohrv.',
	name = 'Srbskohrvatsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na srbskohrvatskom',
}

-- Slovak
languages['sk'] = {
	abbr = 'slovač.',
	name = 'Slovačsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na slovačskom',
}

-- Slovene
languages['sl'] = {
	abbr = 'sloven.',
	name = 'Slovenečsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na slovenečskom',
}

-- Albanian
languages['sq'] = {
	abbr = 'alb.',
	name = 'Albansky jezyk',
	locative = 'na albanskom',
}

-- Serbian
languages['sr'] = {
	abbr = 'srb.',
	name = 'Srbsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na srbskom',
}

languages['sr-cyrl'] = languages['sr']

languages['sr-latn'] = languages['sr']

-- Swedish
languages['sv'] = {
	abbr = 'šved.',
	name = 'Švedsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na švedskom',
}

-- Swahili
languages['sw'] = {
	abbr = 'suah.',
	name = 'Suahili',
	locative = 'na jezyku suahili',
}

-- Tajik
languages['tg'] = {
	abbr = 'tadž.',
	name = 'Tadžičsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na tadžičskom',
}

-- Turkmen
languages['tk'] = {
	abbr = 'turkm.',
	name = 'Turkmensky jezyk',
	locative = 'na turkmenskom',
}

-- Toki Pona
languages['tok'] = {
	abbr = 'tok.',
	name = 'Toki-pona',
	locative = 'na toki-poně',
}

-- Turkish
languages['tr'] = {
	abbr = 'tur.',
	name = 'Turečsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na turečskom',
}

-- Tatar
languages['tt'] = {
	abbr = 'tat.',
	name = 'Tatarsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na tatarskom',
}

-- Ukrainian
languages['uk'] = {
	abbr = 'ukr.',
	name = 'Ukrajinsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na ukrajinskom',
}

-- Udmurt
languages['udm'] = {
	abbr = 'udm.',
	name = 'Udmurtsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na udmurtskom',
}

-- Urdu
languages['ur'] = {
	dir = 'rtl',
	abbr = 'urdu',
	name = 'Urdu',
	locative = 'na jezyku urdu',
}

-- Uzbek
languages['uz'] = {
	abbr = 'uzb.',
	name = 'Uzbečsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na uzbečskom',
}
   
-- Greenlandic
languages['kl'] = {
	abbr = 'grenl.',
	name = 'Grenlandsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na grenlandskom',
}

-- Volapük
languages['vo'] = {
	abbr = 'vol.',
	name = 'Volapük',
	locative = 'na volapüku',
}

-- Proto-Slavic
languages['sla-pro'] = {
	abbr = 'psl.',
	name = 'Praslovjansky jezyk',
	locative = 'na praslovjanskom',
}

-- Uproščeny kitajsky 
languages['zh-hans'] = {
	italic = false,
	abbr = 'upr. kit.',
	name = 'Kitajsky jezyk (uproščeny)',
	locative = 'na kitajskom',
}

-- Tradicijny kitajsky 
languages['zh-hant'] = {
	italic = false,
	abbr = 'trad. kit.',
	name = 'Kitajsky jezyk (tradicijny)',
	locative = 'na kitajskom (tradicijnom)',
}

-- Farsi 
languages['fa'] = {
	italic = false,
	abbr = 'pers.',
	name = 'Persijsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na persijskom',
}

-- Amharsky 
languages['am'] = {
	abbr = 'amh.',
	name = 'Amharsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na amharskom',
}

-- Bavarsky 
languages['bar'] = {
	abbr = 'bav.',
	name = 'Bavarsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na bavarsky',
}

-- Indonezijsky 
languages['id'] = {
	abbr = 'indon.',
	name = 'Indonezijsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na indonezijskom',
}

-- Vietnamsky 
languages['vi'] = {
	abbr = 'viet.',
	name = 'Vietnamsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na vietnamskom',
}

-- Korejsky 
languages['ko'] = {
	abbr = 'kor.',
	name = 'Korejsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na korejskom',
}

-- Kurdsky 
languages['ku'] = {
	abbr = 'kurd.',
	name = 'Kurdsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na kurdskom',
}

-- Filipinsky 
languages['ph'] = {
	abbr = 'fil.',
	name = 'Filipinsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na filipinskom',
}

-- Tamilsky 
languages['ta'] = {
	italic = false,
	abbr = 'tam.',
	name = 'Tamilsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na tamilskom',
}

-- Tajsky 
languages['th'] = {
	italic = false,
	abbr = 'taj.',
	name = 'Tajsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na tajskom',
}

-- Tajsky (Latinica)
languages['th-latn'] = {
	abbr = 'taj. lat.',
	name = 'Tajsky jezyk (latinica)',
	locative = 'na tajskom (latinica)',
}

-- Bengaljsky
languages['bn'] = {
	abbr = 'beng.',
	name = 'Bengaljsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na bengaljskom',
}

-- Pašto
languages['ps'] = {
	abbr = 'paš.',
	name = 'Jezyk Pašto',
	locative = 'na paštunskom',
}

-- Dari
languages['prs'] = {
	abbr = 'prs.',
	name = 'Jezyk Dari',
	locative = 'na persidskom dari',
}

-- Hausa
languages['ha'] = {
	abbr = 'hau.',
	name = 'Jezyk Hausa',
	locative = 'na hausa',
}

-- Yoruba
languages['yo'] = {
	abbr = 'yor.',
	name = 'Jezyk Joruba',
	locative = 'na joruba',
}

-- Igbo
languages['ig'] = {
	abbr = 'igb.',
	name = 'Jezyk Igbo',
	locative = 'na igbo',
}

-- Guarani
languages['gn'] = {
	abbr = 'guar.',
	name = 'Jezyk Guarani',
	locative = 'na guarani',
}

-- Ajmara
languages['ay'] = {
	abbr = 'ajmara',
	name = 'Jezyk Ajmara',
	locative = 'na ajmara',
}

-- Kitajsky
languages['zh'] = {
	italic = false,
	abbr = 'kitajsky',
	name = 'Kitajsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na kitajskom',
}

-- Malajsky
languages['ms'] = {
	abbr = 'malajsky',
	name = 'Malajsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na malajskom',
}

-- Prosty anglijsky
languages['en-simple'] = {
	abbr = 'pr. angl.',
	name = 'Prosty anglijsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na prostom anglijskom',
}

-- Velssky jezyk
languages['cy'] = {
	abbr = 'vels.',
	name = 'Velssky jezyk',
	locative = 'na velsskom',
}

-- Mansijsky jezyk
languages['mns'] = {
	abbr = 'mans.',
	name = 'Mansijsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na mansijskom',
}

-- Mansijsky jezyk (latinica)
languages['mns-latn'] = {
	abbr = 'mans.',
	name = 'Mansijsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na mansijskom',
}

-- Hantyjsky jezyk
languages['kca'] = {
	abbr = 'hant.',
	name = 'Hantyjsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na hantyjskom',
}

-- Marijsky jezyk
languages['chm'] = {
	abbr = 'mar.',
	name = 'Marijsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na marijskom',
}

-- Lukomarijsky jezyk
languages['mhr'] = {
	abbr = 'lukomar.',
	name = 'Lukomarijsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na lukomarijskom',
}

-- Gornomarijsky jezyk
languages['mrj'] = {
	abbr = 'gornomar.',
	name = 'Gornomarijsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na gornomarijskom',
}

-- Starojaponsky jezyk
languages['ojp'] = {
	abbr = 'starojap.',
	name = 'Starojaponsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na starojaponskom',
}

-- Quenya
languages['qya'] = {
	abbr = 'kv.',
	name = 'Kvenja',
	locative = 'na kvenji',
}

-- Drěvnoegyptsky jezyk
languages['egy'] = {
	abbr = 'drěvnoeg.',
	name = 'Drěvnoegyptsky',
	locative = 'na drěvnoegyptskom',
}

-- Akkadian
languages['akk'] = {
	italic = false,
	abbr = 'akad.',
	name = 'Akadsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na akadskom',
}

-- Akkadian (latinica)
languages['akk-latn'] = {
	abbr = 'akad.',
	name = 'Akadsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na akadskom',
}

-- Sumerian
languages['sux'] = {
	italic = false,
	abbr = 'šum.',
	name = 'Šumersky jezyk',
	locative = 'na šumerskom',
}

-- Sumerian (latinica)
languages['sux-latn'] = {
	abbr = 'šum.',
	name = 'Šumersky jezyk',
	locative = 'na šumerskom',
}

return languages</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>45045</id>
      <parentid>45029</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-03T05:14:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
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        <id>10</id>
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      <text bytes="16059" sha1="162pr09il9nl12f1et7zlnjrx1yz0l5" xml:space="preserve">-- Language table for [[Module:Jezyky]]
local languages = {}

-- Abhazsky
languages['ab'] = {
	abbr = 'abh.',
	name = 'Abhazsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na abhazskom',
}

-- Abaza
languages['abq'] = {
	abbr = 'abaz.',
	name = 'Abazinsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na abazinskom',
}

-- Adyghe
languages['ady'] = {
	abbr = 'adyg.',
	name = 'Adygejsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na adygejskom',
}

-- Afrikaans
languages['af'] = {
	abbr = 'afr.',
	name = 'Afrikaans',
	locative = 'na afrikaans',
}

-- Arabic
languages['ar'] = {
	dir = 'rtl',
	abbr = 'arab.',
	name = 'Arabsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na arabskom',
}

-- Avarsky
languages['av'] = {
	abbr = 'avar.',
	name = 'Avarsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na avarskom',
}

-- Azerbaijani
languages['az'] = {
	abbr = 'azer.',
	name = 'Azerbajdžansky jezyk',
	locative = 'na azerbajdžanskom',
}

-- Baškirsky
languages['ba'] = {
	abbr = 'bašk.',
	name = 'Baškirsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na baškirskom',
}

-- Belarusian
languages['be'] = {
	abbr = 'běl.',
	name = 'Bělorussky jezyk',
	locative = 'na bělorusskom',
}

languages['be-tarask'] = {
	abbr = 'kl. běl.',
	name = 'Taraškevica',
	locative = 'na taraškevicě',
}

-- Bulgarian
languages['bg'] = {
	abbr = 'bulg.',
	name = 'Bulgarsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na bulgarskom',
}

-- Bosnian
languages['bs'] = {
	abbr = 'bos.',
	name = 'Bosnijsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na bosnijskom',
}

-- Catalan
languages['ca'] = {
	abbr = 'kat.',
	name = 'Katalansky jezyk',
	locative = 'na katalanskom',
}

-- Chechen
languages['ce'] = {
	abbr = 'čeč.',
	name = 'Čečensky jezyk',
	locative = 'na čečenskom',
}

-- Montenegrin
languages['cnr'] = {
	abbr = 'črnogor.',
	name = 'Črnogorsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na črnogorskom',
}

-- Chuvash
languages['cv'] = {
	abbr = 'čuv.',
	name = 'Čuvašsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na čuvašskom',
}

-- Czech
languages['cs'] = {
	abbr = 'češ.',
	name = 'Češsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na češskom',
}

-- Kashubian
languages['csb'] = {
	abbr = 'kaš.',
	name = 'Kašubsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na kašubskom',
}

-- Church Slavonic
languages['cu'] = {
	abbr = 'crkovnoslov.',
	name = 'Crkovnoslovjansky jezyk',
	locative = 'na crkovnoslovjanskom',
}

-- Danish
languages['da'] = {
	abbr = 'dan.',
	name = 'Dansky jezyk',
	locative = 'na danskom',
}

-- Lower Sorbian
languages['dsb'] = {
	abbr = 'dolnoluž.',
	name = 'Dolnolužičsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na dolnolužičskom',
}

-- German
languages['de'] = {
	abbr = 'něm.',
	name = 'Němečsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na němečskom',
}

-- Greek
languages['el'] = {
	italic = false,
	abbr = 'greč.',
	name = 'Grečsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na grečskom',
}

-- English
languages['en'] = {
	abbr = 'ang.',
	name = 'Anglijsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na anglijskom',
}

-- Esperanto
languages['eo'] = {
	abbr = 'esp.',
	name = 'Esperanto',
	locative = 'na esperantu',
}

-- Spanish
languages['es'] = {
	abbr = 'špan.',
	name = 'Špansky jezyk',
	locative = 'na španskom',
}

-- Estonian
languages['et'] = {
	abbr = 'est.',
	name = 'Estonsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na estonskom',
}

-- Finnish
languages['fi'] = {
	abbr = 'fin.',
	name = 'Finsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na finskom',
}

-- French
languages['fr'] = {
	abbr = 'fr.',
	name = 'Francuzsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na francuzskom',
}

-- Frisian
languages['fy'] = {
	abbr = 'friz.',
	name = 'Frizijsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na frizijskom',
}

-- Irish
languages['ga'] = {
	abbr = 'irl.',
	name = 'Irlandsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na irlandskom',
}

-- Gothic
languages['got'] = {
	italic = false,
	abbr = 'got.',
	name = 'Gotsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na gotskom',
}

-- Ancient Greek
languages['grc'] = {
	italic = false,
	abbr = 'davnogreč.',
	name = 'Davnogrečsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na davnogrečskom',
}

-- Hawaiian
languages['haw'] = {
	abbr = 'hav.',
	name = 'Havajsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na havajskom',
}

-- Hebrew
languages['he'] = {
	dir = 'rtl',
	abbr = 'heb.',
	name = 'Hebrejsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na hebrejskom',
}

-- Hindi
languages['hi'] = {
	abbr = 'hindi',
	name = 'Hindi',
	locative = 'na jezyku hindi',
}

-- Croatian
languages['hr'] = {
	abbr = 'hrv.',
	name = 'Hrvatsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na hrvatskom',
}

-- Upper Sorbian
languages['hsb'] = {
	abbr = 'gornoluž.',
	name = 'Gornolužičsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na gornolužičskom',
}

-- Hungarian
languages['hu'] = {
	abbr = 'vug.',
	name = 'Vugrsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na vugrskom',
}

-- Armenian
languages['hy'] = {
	abbr = 'arm.',
	name = 'Arměnsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na arměnskom',
}

-- Interlingue/Occidental
languages['ie'] = {
	abbr = 'int.',
	name = 'Interlingve',
	locative = 'na interlingvu',
}

-- Indo-European languages
languages['ine'] = {
	abbr = 'indoevr.',
	name = 'Indoevropejske jezyky',
	locative = 'na indoevropejskyh jezykah',
}

-- Ido
languages['io'] = {
	abbr = 'ido',
	name = 'Ido',
	locative = 'na idu',
}

-- Icelandic
languages['is'] = {
	abbr = 'isl.',
	name = 'Islandsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na islandskom',
}

-- Interslavic
languages['isv'] = {
	abbr = 'medžusl.',
	name = 'Medžuslovjansky jezyk',
	locative = 'na medžuslovjanskom',
}

languages['isv-cyrl'] = languages['isv'];
languages['isv-latn'] = languages['isv'];

-- Italian
languages['it'] = {
	abbr = 'ital.',
	name = 'Italijansky jezyk',
	locative = 'na italijanskom',
}

-- Japanese
languages['ja'] = {
	italic = false,
	abbr = 'jap.',
	name = 'Japonsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na japonskom',
}

-- Georgian
languages['ka'] = {
	italic = false,
	abbr = 'gruz.',
	name = 'Gruzinsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na gruzinskom',
}

-- Kabardian
languages['kbd'] = {
	abbr = 'kab.',
	name = 'Kabardinsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na kabardinskom',
}

-- Kyrgyz
languages['ki'] = {
	abbr = 'kyr.',
	name = 'Kyrgyzsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na kyrgyzskom',
}

-- Kazakh
languages['kk'] = {
	abbr = 'kazah.',
	name = 'Kazahsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na kazahskom',
}

-- Karachay-Balkar
languages['krc'] = {
	abbr = 'kar.-balk.',
	name = 'Karačajsko-balkarsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na karačajsko-balkarskom',
}

-- Karelian
languages['krl'] = {
	abbr = 'karel.',
	name = 'Karelsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na karelskom',
}

-- Komi
languages['kv'] = {
	abbr = 'zyr.',
	name = 'Komi-zyrjansky jezyk',
	locative = 'na komi-zyrjanskom'
}

-- Latin
languages['la'] = {
	abbr = 'lat.',
	name = 'Latinsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na latinskom',
}

-- Luxemburgish
languages['lb'] = {
	abbr = 'luks.',
	name = 'Luksemburgsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na luksemburgskom',
}

-- Lezgi
languages['lez'] = {
	abbr = 'lezg.',
	name = 'Lezginsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na lezginskom',
}

-- Lingua Franca Nova
languages['lfn'] = {
	abbr = 'elefen',
	name = 'Lingua Franca Nova',
	locative = 'na lingva-franka-nově',
}

-- Lithuanian
languages['lt'] = {
	abbr = 'lit.',
	name = 'Litovsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na litovskom',
}

-- Latvian
languages['lv'] = {
	abbr = 'lat.',
	name = 'Latyšsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na latyšskom',
}

-- Macedonian
languages['mk'] = {
	abbr = 'mak.',
	name = 'Makedonsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na makedonskom',
}

-- Mongolian
languages['mn'] = {
	abbr = 'mon.',
	name = 'Mongolsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na mongolskom',
}

-- Maltese
languages['mt'] = {
	abbr = 'malt.',
	name = 'Maltijsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na maltijskom',
}

-- Erzya
languages['myv'] = {
	abbr = 'erz.',
	name = 'Erzjansky jezyk',
	locative = 'na erzjanskom',
}

-- Norwegian
languages['nb'] = {
	abbr = 'nor. buk.',
	name = 'Bukmol',
	locative = 'na norvežskom bukmolu',
}

-- Dutch
languages['nl'] = {
	abbr = 'nid.',
	name = 'Niderlandsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na niderlandskom',
}

-- Norwegian
languages['nn'] = {
	abbr = 'nor. njun.',
	name = 'Njunošk',
	locative = 'na norvežskom njunošku',
}

-- Norwegian
languages['no'] = {
	abbr = 'nor.',
	name = 'Norvežsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na norvežskom',
}

-- Nogay
languages['nog'] = {
	abbr = 'nogaj.',
	name = 'Nogajsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na nogajskom',
}

-- Old East Slavic
languages['orv'] = {
	abbr = 'Staroiztočnoslov.',
	name = 'staroiztočnoslovjansky jezyk',
	locative = 'na staroiztočnoslovjanskom',
}

-- Polish
languages['pl'] = {
	abbr = 'pol.',
	name = 'Poljsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na poljskom',
}

-- Pannonian Rusyn
languages['rsk'] = {
	abbr = 'panonsko-rusin.',
	name = 'Panonsko-rusinsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na panonsko-rusinskom',
}

-- Old Prussian
languages['prg'] = {
	abbr = 'staropruss.',
	name = 'Staroprussky jezyk',
	locative = 'na staroprusskom',
}

-- Portuguese
languages['pt'] = {
	abbr = 'port.',
	name = 'Portugalsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na portugalskom',
}

-- Quechua
languages['qu'] = {
	abbr = 'keč.',
	name = 'Jezyk Kečua',
	locative = 'na jezyku kečua',
}

-- Romanian
languages['rm'] = {
	abbr = 'romanš.',
	name = 'Romanšsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na romanšskom',
}

-- Romanian
languages['ro'] = {
	abbr = 'rum.',
	name = 'Rumunsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na rumunskom',
}

-- Russian
languages['ru'] = {
	abbr = 'rus.',
	name = 'Russky jezyk',
	locative = 'na russkom',
}

-- Rusyn
languages['rue'] = {
	abbr = 'rusin.',
	name = 'Rusinsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na rusinskom',
}

-- Sanskrit
languages['sa'] = {
	italic = false,
	abbr = 'Sanskr.',
	name = 'sanskrit',
	locative = 'na sanskritu',
}

-- Yakut
languages['sah'] = {
	italic = false,
	abbr = 'Jak.',
	name = 'jakutsky',
	locative = 'na jakutskom',
}

-- Serbo-Croatian
languages['sh'] = {
	abbr = 'srbohrv.',
	name = 'Srbskohrvatsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na srbskohrvatskom',
}

-- Slovak
languages['sk'] = {
	abbr = 'slovač.',
	name = 'Slovačsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na slovačskom',
}

-- Slovene
languages['sl'] = {
	abbr = 'sloven.',
	name = 'Slovenečsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na slovenečskom',
}

-- Albanian
languages['sq'] = {
	abbr = 'alb.',
	name = 'Albansky jezyk',
	locative = 'na albanskom',
}

-- Serbian
languages['sr'] = {
	abbr = 'srb.',
	name = 'Srbsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na srbskom',
}

languages['sr-cyrl'] = languages['sr']

languages['sr-latn'] = languages['sr']

-- Swedish
languages['sv'] = {
	abbr = 'šved.',
	name = 'Švedsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na švedskom',
}

-- Swahili
languages['sw'] = {
	abbr = 'suah.',
	name = 'Suahili',
	locative = 'na jezyku suahili',
}

-- Tajik
languages['tg'] = {
	abbr = 'tadž.',
	name = 'Tadžičsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na tadžičskom',
}

-- Turkmen
languages['tk'] = {
	abbr = 'turkm.',
	name = 'Turkmensky jezyk',
	locative = 'na turkmenskom',
}

-- Toki Pona
languages['tok'] = {
	abbr = 'tok.',
	name = 'Toki-pona',
	locative = 'na toki-poně',
}

-- Turkish
languages['tr'] = {
	abbr = 'tur.',
	name = 'Turečsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na turečskom',
}

-- Tatar
languages['tt'] = {
	abbr = 'tat.',
	name = 'Tatarsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na tatarskom',
}

-- Ukrainian
languages['uk'] = {
	abbr = 'ukr.',
	name = 'Ukrajinsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na ukrajinskom',
}

-- Udmurt
languages['udm'] = {
	abbr = 'udm.',
	name = 'Udmurtsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na udmurtskom',
}

-- Urdu
languages['ur'] = {
	dir = 'rtl',
	abbr = 'urdu',
	name = 'Urdu',
	locative = 'na jezyku urdu',
}

-- Uzbek
languages['uz'] = {
	abbr = 'uzb.',
	name = 'Uzbečsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na uzbečskom',
}
   
-- Greenlandic
languages['kl'] = {
	abbr = 'grenl.',
	name = 'Grenlandsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na grenlandskom',
}

-- Volapük
languages['vo'] = {
	abbr = 'vol.',
	name = 'Volapük',
	locative = 'na volapüku',
}

-- Proto-Slavic
languages['sla-pro'] = {
	abbr = 'psl.',
	name = 'Praslovjansky jezyk',
	locative = 'na praslovjanskom',
}

-- Uproščeny kitajsky 
languages['zh-hans'] = {
	italic = false,
	abbr = 'upr. kit.',
	name = 'Kitajsky jezyk (uproščeny)',
	locative = 'na kitajskom',
}

-- Tradicijny kitajsky 
languages['zh-hant'] = {
	italic = false,
	abbr = 'trad. kit.',
	name = 'Kitajsky jezyk (tradicijny)',
	locative = 'na kitajskom (tradicijnom)',
}

-- Farsi 
languages['fa'] = {
	italic = false,
	abbr = 'pers.',
	name = 'Persijsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na persijskom',
}

-- Amharsky 
languages['am'] = {
	abbr = 'amh.',
	name = 'Amharsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na amharskom',
}

-- Bavarsky 
languages['bar'] = {
	abbr = 'bav.',
	name = 'Bavarsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na bavarsky',
}

-- Indonezijsky 
languages['id'] = {
	abbr = 'indon.',
	name = 'Indonezijsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na indonezijskom',
}

-- Vietnamsky 
languages['vi'] = {
	abbr = 'viet.',
	name = 'Vietnamsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na vietnamskom',
}

-- Korejsky 
languages['ko'] = {
	abbr = 'kor.',
	name = 'Korejsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na korejskom',
}

-- Kurdsky 
languages['ku'] = {
	abbr = 'kurd.',
	name = 'Kurdsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na kurdskom',
}

-- Filipinsky 
languages['ph'] = {
	abbr = 'fil.',
	name = 'Filipinsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na filipinskom',
}

-- Tamilsky 
languages['ta'] = {
	italic = false,
	abbr = 'tam.',
	name = 'Tamilsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na tamilskom',
}

-- Tajsky 
languages['th'] = {
	italic = false,
	abbr = 'taj.',
	name = 'Tajsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na tajskom',
}

-- Tajsky (Latinica)
languages['th-latn'] = {
	abbr = 'taj. lat.',
	name = 'Tajsky jezyk (latinica)',
	locative = 'na tajskom (latinica)',
}

-- Bengaljsky
languages['bn'] = {
	abbr = 'beng.',
	name = 'Bengaljsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na bengaljskom',
}

-- Pašto
languages['ps'] = {
	abbr = 'paš.',
	name = 'Jezyk Pašto',
	locative = 'na paštunskom',
}

-- Dari
languages['prs'] = {
	abbr = 'prs.',
	name = 'Jezyk Dari',
	locative = 'na persidskom dari',
}

-- Hausa
languages['ha'] = {
	abbr = 'hau.',
	name = 'Jezyk Hausa',
	locative = 'na hausa',
}

-- Yoruba
languages['yo'] = {
	abbr = 'yor.',
	name = 'Jezyk Joruba',
	locative = 'na joruba',
}

-- Igbo
languages['ig'] = {
	abbr = 'igb.',
	name = 'Jezyk Igbo',
	locative = 'na igbo',
}

-- Guarani
languages['gn'] = {
	abbr = 'guar.',
	name = 'Jezyk Guarani',
	locative = 'na guarani',
}

-- Ajmara
languages['ay'] = {
	abbr = 'ajmara',
	name = 'Jezyk Ajmara',
	locative = 'na ajmara',
}

-- Kitajsky
languages['zh'] = {
	italic = false,
	abbr = 'kitajsky',
	name = 'Kitajsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na kitajskom',
}

-- Malajsky
languages['ms'] = {
	abbr = 'malajsky',
	name = 'Malajsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na malajskom',
}

-- Prosty anglijsky
languages['en-simple'] = {
	abbr = 'pr. angl.',
	name = 'Prosty anglijsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na prostom anglijskom',
}

-- Velssky jezyk
languages['cy'] = {
	abbr = 'vels.',
	name = 'Velssky jezyk',
	locative = 'na velsskom',
}

-- Mansijsky jezyk
languages['mns'] = {
	abbr = 'mans.',
	name = 'Mansijsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na mansijskom',
}

-- Mansijsky jezyk (latinica)
languages['mns-latn'] = {
	abbr = 'mans.',
	name = 'Mansijsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na mansijskom',
}

-- Hantyjsky jezyk
languages['kca'] = {
	abbr = 'hant.',
	name = 'Hantyjsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na hantyjskom',
}

-- Marijsky jezyk
languages['chm'] = {
	abbr = 'mar.',
	name = 'Marijsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na marijskom',
}

-- Lukomarijsky jezyk
languages['mhr'] = {
	abbr = 'lukomar.',
	name = 'Lukomarijsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na lukomarijskom',
}

-- Gornomarijsky jezyk
languages['mrj'] = {
	abbr = 'gornomar.',
	name = 'Gornomarijsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na gornomarijskom',
}

-- Starojaponsky jezyk
languages['ojp'] = {
	abbr = 'starojap.',
	name = 'Starojaponsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na starojaponskom',
}

-- Quenya
languages['qya'] = {
	abbr = 'kv.',
	name = 'Kvenja',
	locative = 'na kvenji',
}

-- Drěvnoegyptsky jezyk
languages['egy'] = {
	abbr = 'drěvnoeg.',
	name = 'Drěvnoegyptsky',
	locative = 'na drěvnoegyptskom',
}

-- Akkadsky jezyk
languages['akk'] = {
	italic = false,
	abbr = 'akad.',
	name = 'Akadsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na akadskom',
}

-- Akadsky jezyk (latinica)
languages['akk-latn'] = {
	abbr = 'akad.',
	name = 'Akadsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na akadskom',
}

-- Šumersky jezyk
languages['sux'] = {
	italic = false,
	abbr = 'šum.',
	name = 'Šumersky jezyk',
	locative = 'na šumerskom',
}

-- Šumersky jezyk (latinica)
languages['sux-latn'] = {
	abbr = 'šum.',
	name = 'Šumersky jezyk',
	locative = 'na šumerskom',
}

-- Erzjansky kezyk
languages['myv'] = {
	abbr = 'erz.',
	name = 'Erzjansky jezyk',
	locative = 'na erzjanskom',
}

return languages</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>45047</id>
      <parentid>45045</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-03T05:58:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
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        <id>10</id>
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      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="16059" sha1="74kefuro6r5srcbhftgyivde8246sc5" xml:space="preserve">-- Language table for [[Module:Jezyky]]
local languages = {}

-- Abhazsky
languages['ab'] = {
	abbr = 'abh.',
	name = 'Abhazsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na abhazskom',
}

-- Abaza
languages['abq'] = {
	abbr = 'abaz.',
	name = 'Abazinsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na abazinskom',
}

-- Adyghe
languages['ady'] = {
	abbr = 'adyg.',
	name = 'Adygejsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na adygejskom',
}

-- Afrikaans
languages['af'] = {
	abbr = 'afr.',
	name = 'Afrikaans',
	locative = 'na afrikaans',
}

-- Arabic
languages['ar'] = {
	dir = 'rtl',
	abbr = 'arab.',
	name = 'Arabsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na arabskom',
}

-- Avarsky
languages['av'] = {
	abbr = 'avar.',
	name = 'Avarsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na avarskom',
}

-- Azerbaijani
languages['az'] = {
	abbr = 'azer.',
	name = 'Azerbajdžansky jezyk',
	locative = 'na azerbajdžanskom',
}

-- Baškirsky
languages['ba'] = {
	abbr = 'bašk.',
	name = 'Baškirsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na baškirskom',
}

-- Belarusian
languages['be'] = {
	abbr = 'běl.',
	name = 'Bělorussky jezyk',
	locative = 'na bělorusskom',
}

languages['be-tarask'] = {
	abbr = 'kl. běl.',
	name = 'Taraškevica',
	locative = 'na taraškevicě',
}

-- Bulgarian
languages['bg'] = {
	abbr = 'bulg.',
	name = 'Bulgarsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na bulgarskom',
}

-- Bosnian
languages['bs'] = {
	abbr = 'bos.',
	name = 'Bosnijsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na bosnijskom',
}

-- Catalan
languages['ca'] = {
	abbr = 'kat.',
	name = 'Katalansky jezyk',
	locative = 'na katalanskom',
}

-- Chechen
languages['ce'] = {
	abbr = 'čeč.',
	name = 'Čečensky jezyk',
	locative = 'na čečenskom',
}

-- Montenegrin
languages['cnr'] = {
	abbr = 'črnogor.',
	name = 'Črnogorsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na črnogorskom',
}

-- Chuvash
languages['cv'] = {
	abbr = 'čuv.',
	name = 'Čuvašsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na čuvašskom',
}

-- Czech
languages['cs'] = {
	abbr = 'češ.',
	name = 'Češsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na češskom',
}

-- Kashubian
languages['csb'] = {
	abbr = 'kaš.',
	name = 'Kašubsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na kašubskom',
}

-- Church Slavonic
languages['cu'] = {
	abbr = 'crkovnoslov.',
	name = 'Crkovnoslovjansky jezyk',
	locative = 'na crkovnoslovjanskom',
}

-- Danish
languages['da'] = {
	abbr = 'dan.',
	name = 'Dansky jezyk',
	locative = 'na danskom',
}

-- Lower Sorbian
languages['dsb'] = {
	abbr = 'dolnoluž.',
	name = 'Dolnolužičsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na dolnolužičskom',
}

-- German
languages['de'] = {
	abbr = 'něm.',
	name = 'Němečsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na němečskom',
}

-- Greek
languages['el'] = {
	italic = false,
	abbr = 'greč.',
	name = 'Grečsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na grečskom',
}

-- English
languages['en'] = {
	abbr = 'ang.',
	name = 'Anglijsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na anglijskom',
}

-- Esperanto
languages['eo'] = {
	abbr = 'esp.',
	name = 'Esperanto',
	locative = 'na esperantu',
}

-- Spanish
languages['es'] = {
	abbr = 'špan.',
	name = 'Špansky jezyk',
	locative = 'na španskom',
}

-- Estonian
languages['et'] = {
	abbr = 'est.',
	name = 'Estonsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na estonskom',
}

-- Finnish
languages['fi'] = {
	abbr = 'fin.',
	name = 'Finsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na finskom',
}

-- French
languages['fr'] = {
	abbr = 'fr.',
	name = 'Francuzsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na francuzskom',
}

-- Frisian
languages['fy'] = {
	abbr = 'friz.',
	name = 'Frizijsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na frizijskom',
}

-- Irish
languages['ga'] = {
	abbr = 'irl.',
	name = 'Irlandsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na irlandskom',
}

-- Gothic
languages['got'] = {
	italic = false,
	abbr = 'got.',
	name = 'Gotsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na gotskom',
}

-- Ancient Greek
languages['grc'] = {
	italic = false,
	abbr = 'davnogreč.',
	name = 'Davnogrečsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na davnogrečskom',
}

-- Hawaiian
languages['haw'] = {
	abbr = 'hav.',
	name = 'Havajsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na havajskom',
}

-- Hebrew
languages['he'] = {
	dir = 'rtl',
	abbr = 'heb.',
	name = 'Hebrejsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na hebrejskom',
}

-- Hindi
languages['hi'] = {
	abbr = 'hindi',
	name = 'Hindi',
	locative = 'na jezyku hindi',
}

-- Croatian
languages['hr'] = {
	abbr = 'hrv.',
	name = 'Hrvatsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na hrvatskom',
}

-- Upper Sorbian
languages['hsb'] = {
	abbr = 'gornoluž.',
	name = 'Gornolužičsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na gornolužičskom',
}

-- Hungarian
languages['hu'] = {
	abbr = 'vug.',
	name = 'Vugrsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na vugrskom',
}

-- Armenian
languages['hy'] = {
	abbr = 'arm.',
	name = 'Arměnsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na arměnskom',
}

-- Interlingue/Occidental
languages['ie'] = {
	abbr = 'int.',
	name = 'Interlingve',
	locative = 'na interlingvu',
}

-- Indo-European languages
languages['ine'] = {
	abbr = 'indoevr.',
	name = 'Indoevropejske jezyky',
	locative = 'na indoevropejskyh jezykah',
}

-- Ido
languages['io'] = {
	abbr = 'ido',
	name = 'Ido',
	locative = 'na idu',
}

-- Icelandic
languages['is'] = {
	abbr = 'isl.',
	name = 'Islandsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na islandskom',
}

-- Interslavic
languages['isv'] = {
	abbr = 'medžusl.',
	name = 'Medžuslovjansky jezyk',
	locative = 'na medžuslovjanskom',
}

languages['isv-cyrl'] = languages['isv'];
languages['isv-latn'] = languages['isv'];

-- Italian
languages['it'] = {
	abbr = 'ital.',
	name = 'Italijansky jezyk',
	locative = 'na italijanskom',
}

-- Japanese
languages['ja'] = {
	italic = false,
	abbr = 'jap.',
	name = 'Japonsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na japonskom',
}

-- Georgian
languages['ka'] = {
	italic = false,
	abbr = 'gruz.',
	name = 'Gruzinsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na gruzinskom',
}

-- Kabardian
languages['kbd'] = {
	abbr = 'kab.',
	name = 'Kabardinsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na kabardinskom',
}

-- Kyrgyz
languages['ki'] = {
	abbr = 'kyr.',
	name = 'Kyrgyzsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na kyrgyzskom',
}

-- Kazakh
languages['kk'] = {
	abbr = 'kazah.',
	name = 'Kazahsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na kazahskom',
}

-- Karachay-Balkar
languages['krc'] = {
	abbr = 'kar.-balk.',
	name = 'Karačajsko-balkarsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na karačajsko-balkarskom',
}

-- Karelian
languages['krl'] = {
	abbr = 'karel.',
	name = 'Karelsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na karelskom',
}

-- Komi
languages['kv'] = {
	abbr = 'zyr.',
	name = 'Komi-zyrjansky jezyk',
	locative = 'na komi-zyrjanskom'
}

-- Latin
languages['la'] = {
	abbr = 'lat.',
	name = 'Latinsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na latinskom',
}

-- Luxemburgish
languages['lb'] = {
	abbr = 'luks.',
	name = 'Luksemburgsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na luksemburgskom',
}

-- Lezgi
languages['lez'] = {
	abbr = 'lezg.',
	name = 'Lezginsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na lezginskom',
}

-- Lingua Franca Nova
languages['lfn'] = {
	abbr = 'elefen',
	name = 'Lingua Franca Nova',
	locative = 'na lingva-franka-nově',
}

-- Lithuanian
languages['lt'] = {
	abbr = 'lit.',
	name = 'Litovsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na litovskom',
}

-- Latvian
languages['lv'] = {
	abbr = 'lat.',
	name = 'Latyšsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na latyšskom',
}

-- Macedonian
languages['mk'] = {
	abbr = 'mak.',
	name = 'Makedonsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na makedonskom',
}

-- Mongolian
languages['mn'] = {
	abbr = 'mon.',
	name = 'Mongolsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na mongolskom',
}

-- Maltese
languages['mt'] = {
	abbr = 'malt.',
	name = 'Maltijsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na maltijskom',
}

-- Erzya
languages['myv'] = {
	abbr = 'erz.',
	name = 'Erzjansky jezyk',
	locative = 'na erzjanskom',
}

-- Norwegian
languages['nb'] = {
	abbr = 'nor. buk.',
	name = 'Bukmol',
	locative = 'na norvežskom bukmolu',
}

-- Dutch
languages['nl'] = {
	abbr = 'nid.',
	name = 'Niderlandsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na niderlandskom',
}

-- Norwegian
languages['nn'] = {
	abbr = 'nor. njun.',
	name = 'Njunošk',
	locative = 'na norvežskom njunošku',
}

-- Norwegian
languages['no'] = {
	abbr = 'nor.',
	name = 'Norvežsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na norvežskom',
}

-- Nogay
languages['nog'] = {
	abbr = 'nogaj.',
	name = 'Nogajsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na nogajskom',
}

-- Old East Slavic
languages['orv'] = {
	abbr = 'Staroiztočnoslov.',
	name = 'staroiztočnoslovjansky jezyk',
	locative = 'na staroiztočnoslovjanskom',
}

-- Polish
languages['pl'] = {
	abbr = 'pol.',
	name = 'Poljsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na poljskom',
}

-- Pannonian Rusyn
languages['rsk'] = {
	abbr = 'panonsko-rusin.',
	name = 'Panonsko-rusinsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na panonsko-rusinskom',
}

-- Old Prussian
languages['prg'] = {
	abbr = 'staropruss.',
	name = 'Staroprussky jezyk',
	locative = 'na staroprusskom',
}

-- Portuguese
languages['pt'] = {
	abbr = 'port.',
	name = 'Portugalsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na portugalskom',
}

-- Quechua
languages['qu'] = {
	abbr = 'keč.',
	name = 'Jezyk Kečua',
	locative = 'na jezyku kečua',
}

-- Romanian
languages['rm'] = {
	abbr = 'romanš.',
	name = 'Romanšsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na romanšskom',
}

-- Romanian
languages['ro'] = {
	abbr = 'rum.',
	name = 'Rumunsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na rumunskom',
}

-- Russian
languages['ru'] = {
	abbr = 'rus.',
	name = 'Russky jezyk',
	locative = 'na russkom',
}

-- Rusyn
languages['rue'] = {
	abbr = 'rusin.',
	name = 'Rusinsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na rusinskom',
}

-- Sanskrit
languages['sa'] = {
	italic = false,
	abbr = 'Sanskr.',
	name = 'sanskrit',
	locative = 'na sanskritu',
}

-- Yakut
languages['sah'] = {
	italic = false,
	abbr = 'Jak.',
	name = 'jakutsky',
	locative = 'na jakutskom',
}

-- Serbo-Croatian
languages['sh'] = {
	abbr = 'srbohrv.',
	name = 'Srbskohrvatsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na srbskohrvatskom',
}

-- Slovak
languages['sk'] = {
	abbr = 'slovač.',
	name = 'Slovačsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na slovačskom',
}

-- Slovene
languages['sl'] = {
	abbr = 'sloven.',
	name = 'Slovenečsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na slovenečskom',
}

-- Albanian
languages['sq'] = {
	abbr = 'alb.',
	name = 'Albansky jezyk',
	locative = 'na albanskom',
}

-- Serbian
languages['sr'] = {
	abbr = 'srb.',
	name = 'Srbsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na srbskom',
}

languages['sr-cyrl'] = languages['sr']

languages['sr-latn'] = languages['sr']

-- Swedish
languages['sv'] = {
	abbr = 'šved.',
	name = 'Švedsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na švedskom',
}

-- Swahili
languages['sw'] = {
	abbr = 'suah.',
	name = 'Suahili',
	locative = 'na jezyku suahili',
}

-- Tajik
languages['tg'] = {
	abbr = 'tadž.',
	name = 'Tadžičsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na tadžičskom',
}

-- Turkmen
languages['tk'] = {
	abbr = 'turkm.',
	name = 'Turkmensky jezyk',
	locative = 'na turkmenskom',
}

-- Toki Pona
languages['tok'] = {
	abbr = 'tok.',
	name = 'Toki-pona',
	locative = 'na toki-poně',
}

-- Turkish
languages['tr'] = {
	abbr = 'tur.',
	name = 'Turečsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na turečskom',
}

-- Tatar
languages['tt'] = {
	abbr = 'tat.',
	name = 'Tatarsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na tatarskom',
}

-- Ukrainian
languages['uk'] = {
	abbr = 'ukr.',
	name = 'Ukrajinsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na ukrajinskom',
}

-- Udmurt
languages['udm'] = {
	abbr = 'udm.',
	name = 'Udmurtsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na udmurtskom',
}

-- Urdu
languages['ur'] = {
	dir = 'rtl',
	abbr = 'urdu',
	name = 'Urdu',
	locative = 'na jezyku urdu',
}

-- Uzbek
languages['uz'] = {
	abbr = 'uzb.',
	name = 'Uzbečsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na uzbečskom',
}
   
-- Greenlandic
languages['kl'] = {
	abbr = 'grenl.',
	name = 'Grenlandsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na grenlandskom',
}

-- Volapük
languages['vo'] = {
	abbr = 'vol.',
	name = 'Volapük',
	locative = 'na volapüku',
}

-- Proto-Slavic
languages['sla-pro'] = {
	abbr = 'psl.',
	name = 'Praslovjansky jezyk',
	locative = 'na praslovjanskom',
}

-- Uproščeny kitajsky 
languages['zh-hans'] = {
	italic = false,
	abbr = 'upr. kit.',
	name = 'Kitajsky jezyk (uproščeny)',
	locative = 'na kitajskom',
}

-- Tradicijny kitajsky 
languages['zh-hant'] = {
	italic = false,
	abbr = 'trad. kit.',
	name = 'Kitajsky jezyk (tradicijny)',
	locative = 'na kitajskom (tradicijnom)',
}

-- Farsi 
languages['fa'] = {
	italic = false,
	abbr = 'pers.',
	name = 'Persijsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na persijskom',
}

-- Amharsky 
languages['am'] = {
	abbr = 'amh.',
	name = 'Amharsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na amharskom',
}

-- Bavarsky 
languages['bar'] = {
	abbr = 'bav.',
	name = 'Bavarsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na bavarsky',
}

-- Indonezijsky 
languages['id'] = {
	abbr = 'indon.',
	name = 'Indonezijsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na indonezijskom',
}

-- Vietnamsky 
languages['vi'] = {
	abbr = 'viet.',
	name = 'Vietnamsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na vietnamskom',
}

-- Korejsky 
languages['ko'] = {
	abbr = 'kor.',
	name = 'Korejsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na korejskom',
}

-- Kurdsky 
languages['ku'] = {
	abbr = 'kurd.',
	name = 'Kurdsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na kurdskom',
}

-- Filipinsky 
languages['ph'] = {
	abbr = 'fil.',
	name = 'Filipinsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na filipinskom',
}

-- Tamilsky 
languages['ta'] = {
	italic = false,
	abbr = 'tam.',
	name = 'Tamilsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na tamilskom',
}

-- Tajsky 
languages['th'] = {
	italic = false,
	abbr = 'taj.',
	name = 'Tajsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na tajskom',
}

-- Tajsky (Latinica)
languages['th-latn'] = {
	abbr = 'taj. lat.',
	name = 'Tajsky jezyk (latinica)',
	locative = 'na tajskom (latinica)',
}

-- Bengaljsky
languages['bn'] = {
	abbr = 'beng.',
	name = 'Bengaljsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na bengaljskom',
}

-- Pašto
languages['ps'] = {
	abbr = 'paš.',
	name = 'Jezyk Pašto',
	locative = 'na paštunskom',
}

-- Dari
languages['prs'] = {
	abbr = 'prs.',
	name = 'Jezyk Dari',
	locative = 'na persidskom dari',
}

-- Hausa
languages['ha'] = {
	abbr = 'hau.',
	name = 'Jezyk Hausa',
	locative = 'na hausa',
}

-- Yoruba
languages['yo'] = {
	abbr = 'yor.',
	name = 'Jezyk Joruba',
	locative = 'na joruba',
}

-- Igbo
languages['ig'] = {
	abbr = 'igb.',
	name = 'Jezyk Igbo',
	locative = 'na igbo',
}

-- Guarani
languages['gn'] = {
	abbr = 'guar.',
	name = 'Jezyk Guarani',
	locative = 'na guarani',
}

-- Ajmara
languages['ay'] = {
	abbr = 'ajmara',
	name = 'Jezyk Ajmara',
	locative = 'na ajmara',
}

-- Kitajsky
languages['zh'] = {
	italic = false,
	abbr = 'kitajsky',
	name = 'Kitajsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na kitajskom',
}

-- Malajsky
languages['ms'] = {
	abbr = 'malajsky',
	name = 'Malajsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na malajskom',
}

-- Prosty anglijsky
languages['en-simple'] = {
	abbr = 'pr. angl.',
	name = 'Prosty anglijsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na prostom anglijskom',
}

-- Velssky jezyk
languages['cy'] = {
	abbr = 'vels.',
	name = 'Velssky jezyk',
	locative = 'na velsskom',
}

-- Mansijsky jezyk
languages['mns'] = {
	abbr = 'mans.',
	name = 'Mansijsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na mansijskom',
}

-- Mansijsky jezyk (latinica)
languages['mns-latn'] = {
	abbr = 'mans.',
	name = 'Mansijsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na mansijskom',
}

-- Hantyjsky jezyk
languages['kca'] = {
	abbr = 'hant.',
	name = 'Hantyjsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na hantyjskom',
}

-- Marijsky jezyk
languages['chm'] = {
	abbr = 'mar.',
	name = 'Marijsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na marijskom',
}

-- Lukomarijsky jezyk
languages['mhr'] = {
	abbr = 'lukomar.',
	name = 'Lukomarijsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na lukomarijskom',
}

-- Gornomarijsky jezyk
languages['mrj'] = {
	abbr = 'gornomar.',
	name = 'Gornomarijsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na gornomarijskom',
}

-- Starojaponsky jezyk
languages['ojp'] = {
	abbr = 'starojap.',
	name = 'Starojaponsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na starojaponskom',
}

-- Quenya
languages['qya'] = {
	abbr = 'kv.',
	name = 'Kvenja',
	locative = 'na kvenji',
}

-- Drěvnoegyptsky jezyk
languages['egy'] = {
	abbr = 'drěvnoeg.',
	name = 'Drěvnoegyptsky',
	locative = 'na drěvnoegyptskom',
}

-- Akkadsky jezyk
languages['akk'] = {
	italic = false,
	abbr = 'akad.',
	name = 'Akadsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na akadskom',
}

-- Akadsky jezyk (latinica)
languages['akk-latn'] = {
	abbr = 'akad.',
	name = 'Akadsky jezyk',
	locative = 'na akadskom',
}

-- Šumersky jezyk
languages['sux'] = {
	italic = false,
	abbr = 'šum.',
	name = 'Šumersky jezyk',
	locative = 'na šumerskom',
}

-- Šumersky jezyk (latinica)
languages['sux-latn'] = {
	abbr = 'šum.',
	name = 'Šumersky jezyk',
	locative = 'na šumerskom',
}

-- Erzjansky jezyk
languages['myv'] = {
	abbr = 'erz.',
	name = 'Erzjansky jezyk',
	locative = 'na erzjanskom',
}

return languages</text>
      <sha1>74kefuro6r5srcbhftgyivde8246sc5</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Šablon:Uralske jezyky</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>505</id>
    <revision>
      <id>45021</id>
      <parentid>44911</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-02T16:06:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Panslavist</username>
        <id>34</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>45021</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2157" sha1="24azozxh4c5pgpas01zdns74m71ydzq" xml:space="preserve">{{Navbox
|name = Uralske jezyky
|title = [[Uralske jezyky|Uralske]] ([[Ugrofinske jezyky|ugrofinske]]) jezyky

|group1 = Baltijsko-finske jezyky
|list1 = 
* [[Finsky jezyk|finsky]]
* [[Karelsky jezyk|karelsky]]
* [[Estonsky jezyk|estonsky]]
* [[Vepssky jezyk|vepssky]]
* [[Votsky jezyk|votsky]]
* [[Livsky jezyk|livsky]]
* [[Ižorsky jezyk|ižorsky]]

|group2 = Saamske jezyky
|list2 = 
* [[Južnosaamsky jezyk|južnosaamsky]]
* [[Ume-saamsky jezyk|ume-saamsky]]
* [[Pite-saamsky jezyk|pite-saamsky]]
* [[Lule-saamsky jezyk|lule-saamsky]]
* [[Sěvernosaamsky jezyk|sěvernosaamsky]]
* [[Skolta-saamsky jezyk|skolta-saamsky]]
* [[Inari-saamsky jezyk|inari-saamsky]]
* [[Kildin-saamsky jezyk|kildin-saamsky]]
* [[Tersko-saamsky jezyk|tersko-saamsky]]
* [[Kemi-saamsky jezyk|''kemi-saamsky'']]
* [[Akkala-saamsky jezyk|''akkala-saamsky'']]

|group3 = [[Mordovske jezyky]]
|list3 = 
* [[erzjansky jezyk|erzjansky]]
* [[mokšansky jezyk|mokšansky]]

|group4 = Volžske jezyky
|list4 = 
* [[Muromsky|''muromsky'']]
* [[Meščersky|''meščersky'']]
* [[Merjansky|''merjansky'']]

|group5 = [[Marijsky jezyk|Marijsky]]
|list5 = 
* [[Lukomarijsky jezyk|lukomarijsky]]
* [[Gorskomarijsky jezyk|gorskomarijsky]]
* [[Sěverozapadny marijsky jezyk|sěverozapadny marijsky]]

|group6 = [[Permske jezyky]]
|list6 = 
* [[Komi jezyk|komi]]
** [[Komi-zyrjansky jezyk|zyrjansky]]
** [[Komi-permjačsky jezyk|permajčsky]]
** [[Komi-jazvinsky jezyk|jazvinsky]]
* [[Удмуртскы језык|udmurtsky]]

|group7 = [[Ugrske jezyky]]
|list7 =
* [[Madjarsky jezyk|madjarsky]]
* [[Mansijsky jezyk|mansijsky]]
* [[Hantyjsky jezyk|hantyjsky]]

|group8 = Samojedske jezyky
|list8 =
* [[Enečsky jezyk|enečsky]]
* [[Nenečsky jezyk|nenečsky]]
* [[Nganasansky jezyk|nganasansky]]
* [[Juračsky jezyk|''juračsky'']]
* [[Selkupsky jezyk|selkupsky]]
* [[Kamassky jezyk|''kamassky'']]
* [[Matorsky jezyk|''matorsky'']]

|group9 = Umětne uralske jezyky
|list9 =
* [[budinos]]

|below = &lt;small&gt;''Kursivom'' sut označene mrtve jezyky.&lt;/small&gt;
}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{Dokumentacija|Template:Navigacija/Dokumentacija šablonov}}

[[Kategorija:Šablony:Navigacija|Uralske jezyky]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>24azozxh4c5pgpas01zdns74m71ydzq</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Šablon:Varianty bukvy К</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>520</id>
    <revision>
      <id>45011</id>
      <parentid>34883</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-02T13:09:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>45011</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1481" sha1="1frukcv1v67kkwdedblicuse4hirqm1" xml:space="preserve">{| class=&quot;wikitable ext-gadget-alphabet-disable skin-invert-image&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; font-family:Cambria, Calibri; font-size:115%;&quot;&gt;
! align=&quot;left&quot; width=&quot;10%&quot; | [[И]] ← 
! align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;80%&quot; | Varianty [[Kirilica|kiriličnyh]] bukv [[К (kirilica)|К]], [[Ԛ (kirilica)|Ԛ]]
! align=&quot;right&quot; width=&quot;10%&quot; | → [[Л]]
|-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;padding:0 3em; |
[[К (kirilica)|К к]]
· [[Ќ|Ќ ќ]]
· [[К̀|К̀ к̀]]
· [[К̆|К̆ к̆]]
· [[К̄|К̄ к̄]]
· [[К̈|К̈ к̈]]
· [[К̇|К̇ к̇]]
· [[К̊|К̊ к̊]]
· [[К̓|К̓ к̓]]
· [[К̔|К̔ к̔]]
· [[К͑|К͑ к͑]]
· [[К̂|К̂ к̂]]
· [[К̑|К̑ к̑]]
· [[Кꙻ|Кꙻ &amp;nbsp; кꙻ]] &amp;nbsp;
· [[Кʼ|Кʼ кʼ]]
· [[К s vrhnjeju črtkoju|K k]]
· [[К s vrhnjeju črtkoju i zarezkoju|K̔ k̔]]
· [[Fajl:Cyrillic capital letter Ka with loop.svg|13px|link=К s petloju]] [[Fajl:Cyrillic small letter Ka with loop.svg|9px|link=К s petloju]]
· [[Ҡ|Ҡ ҡ]]
· [[Ҟ|Ҟ ҟ]]
· [[Ԟ|Ԟ ԟ]]
· [[Ҝ|Ҝ ҝ]]
· [[К̣|К̣ к̣]]
· [[К̧|К̧ к̧]]
· [[К̱|К̱ к̱]]
· [[Қ|Қ қ]]
· [[Қ̇|Қ̇ қ̇]]
· [[Қ̊|Қ̊ қ̊]]
· [[Ӄ|Ӄ ӄ]]
· [[Ӄ̀|Ӄ̀ ӄ̀]]
· [[Ӄ̆|Ӄ̆ ӄ̆]]
· [[Ӄ’|Ӄ’ ӄ’]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Ԛ (kirilica)|Ԛ ԛ]]
· [[Ԛ̄|Ԛ̄ ԛ̄]]
· [[Ԛ̆|Ԛ̆ ԛ̆]]
· [[Ԛ̇|Ԛ̇ ԛ̇]]
· [[Ԛ̊|Ԛ̊ ԛ̊]]
· [[Ԛꙻ|Ԛꙻ &amp;nbsp; ԛꙻ]] &amp;nbsp;
· [[Ҁ|Ҁ ҁ]]
|}&lt;noinclude&gt;
[[Kategorija:Šablony:Kirilica|Kirilica]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>1frukcv1v67kkwdedblicuse4hirqm1</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>45013</id>
      <parentid>45011</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-02T13:15:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>45013</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1491" sha1="775xljvd5pcua159a9qucb04fzjutmq" xml:space="preserve">{| class=&quot;wikitable ext-gadget-alphabet-disable skin-invert-image&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; font-family:Cambria, Calibri; font-size:115%;&quot;&gt;
! align=&quot;left&quot; width=&quot;10%&quot; | [[И]] ← 
! align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;80%&quot; | Varianty [[Kirilica|kiriličnyh]] bukv [[К (kirilica)|К]], [[Ԛ (kirilica)|Ԛ]]
! align=&quot;right&quot; width=&quot;10%&quot; | → [[Л]]
|-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;padding:0 3em; |
[[К (kirilica)|К к]]
· [[Ќ|Ќ ќ]]
· [[К̀|К̀ к̀]]
· [[К̆|К̆ к̆]]
· [[К̄|К̄ к̄]]
· [[К̈|К̈ к̈]]
· [[К̇|К̇ к̇]]
· [[К̊|К̊ к̊]]
· [[К̓|К̓ к̓]]
· [[К̔|К̔ к̔]]
· [[К͑|К͑ к͑]]
· [[К̂|К̂ к̂]]
· [[К̑|К̑ к̑]]
· [[Кꙻ|Кꙻ &amp;nbsp; кꙻ]] &amp;nbsp;
· [[Кʼ|Кʼ кʼ]]
· [[К s vrhnjeju črtkoju|K k]]
· [[К s vrhnjeju črtkoju i obratnoju zarezkoju|K̔ k̔]]
· [[Fajl:Cyrillic capital letter Ka with loop.svg|13px|link=К s petloju]] [[Fajl:Cyrillic small letter Ka with loop.svg|9px|link=К s petloju]]
· [[Ҡ|Ҡ ҡ]]
· [[Ҟ|Ҟ ҟ]]
· [[Ԟ|Ԟ ԟ]]
· [[Ҝ|Ҝ ҝ]]
· [[К̣|К̣ к̣]]
· [[К̧|К̧ к̧]]
· [[К̱|К̱ к̱]]
· [[Қ|Қ қ]]
· [[Қ̇|Қ̇ қ̇]]
· [[Қ̊|Қ̊ қ̊]]
· [[Ӄ|Ӄ ӄ]]
· [[Ӄ̀|Ӄ̀ ӄ̀]]
· [[Ӄ̆|Ӄ̆ ӄ̆]]
· [[Ӄ’|Ӄ’ ӄ’]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Ԛ (kirilica)|Ԛ ԛ]]
· [[Ԛ̄|Ԛ̄ ԛ̄]]
· [[Ԛ̆|Ԛ̆ ԛ̆]]
· [[Ԛ̇|Ԛ̇ ԛ̇]]
· [[Ԛ̊|Ԛ̊ ԛ̊]]
· [[Ԛꙻ|Ԛꙻ &amp;nbsp; ԛꙻ]] &amp;nbsp;
· [[Ҁ|Ҁ ҁ]]
|}&lt;noinclude&gt;
[[Kategorija:Šablony:Kirilica|Kirilica]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>775xljvd5pcua159a9qucb04fzjutmq</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Vikipedija:Članky, ktore trěba imati v enciklopediji</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>1057</id>
    <revision>
      <id>45039</id>
      <parentid>43088</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-02T23:59:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>45039</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="61703" sha1="mg19i23i8s2tpbly3xq7k64kb5x51vs" xml:space="preserve">{{TOC right}}
Tuty spis jest prěvod spisa [[:w:m:List of articles every Wikipedia should have|iz Meta-viki Vikimedije]] (na 11 novembra 2022). On prědstavjaje osnovnu informaciju o raznyh prědmetah po cělomu světu, ktore trěba opisati v viki-enciklopediji tipa [[Vikipedija|Vikipedije]]. On imaje '''1000''' člankov, o ktoryh medžunarodna občina Vikimedije mysli kako o najvažnyh dlja vsakoj enciklopedije. Na 1 septembra 2025 goda v Medžuviki jest kolo 339 tyh člankov od 1000.&lt;!-- document.querySelectorAll( '.mw-parser-output ol a:not(.new, .extiw)' ) --&gt;

Každy vpis spisa imaje link na Vikidane, da by ljudi mogli početi prěvoditi članky iz jezykov, ktore one znajut. Najvažne vpisy v spisu, ktore myslet osoblivo važnymi dlja vsakoj viki-enciklopedije, sut dane '''tolstym pismom''', ale to jest jedino rekomendacija.

Ako li vy hočete početi članok, prosimo, dodajte prinajmenje 6 rěčenij o jego prědmetu. Vy možete početi članok klikom na vsaky črveny link.

== Životopis ==

=== Filozofi i socialni naučniki ===
&lt;div style=&quot;column-width:20em;&quot;&gt;
# '''[[Aristotelj]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q868|Q868]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Simon de Bovuar|Simona de Bovuar]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7197|Q7197]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Čanakja]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9045|Q9045]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Konfucij]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q4604|Q4604]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Rene Dekart]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9191|Q9191]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Zigmund Frojd]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9215|Q9215]]&lt;/small&gt;
# {{-|[[Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel|Георг Вилхелм Фридрих Хегел]]}} &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9235|Q9235]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Martin Hajdeger]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q48301|Q48301]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Ibn-Haljdun]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9294|Q9294]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Imanuel Kant]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9312|Q9312]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Džon Mejnard Kejns]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9317|Q9317]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Lao-czy]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9333|Q9333]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Džon Lok]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9353|Q9353]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Nikolo Makijaveli]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1399|Q1399]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Karl Marks]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9061|Q9061]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Fridrih Nicše]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9358|Q9358]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Platon]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q859|Q859]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Žan-Žak Ruso]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q6527|Q6527]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Žan-Polj Sartr]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9364|Q9364]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Syma Cjanj]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9372|Q9372]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Adam Smit]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9381|Q9381]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Sokrat]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q913|Q913]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Volter]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9068|Q9068]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Maks Veber]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9387|Q9387]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Ljudvig Vitgenštajn]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9391|Q9391]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Čžu Si]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9397|Q9397]]&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

=== Věrozakonne osoby i bogoslovci ===
# [[Abraham]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9181|Q9181]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Tomaso Akvinsky]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9438|Q9438]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Avrelij Avgustin]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8018|Q8018]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Buda]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9441|Q9441]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Alj-Gazali]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9546|Q9546]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Isus]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q302|Q302]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Martin Ljuter]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9554|Q9554]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Mojsej]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9077|Q9077]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Muhamad]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9458|Q9458]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Nagardžuna]] &lt;small&gt;[[:d:Q171195|Q171195]]&lt;/small&gt;

=== Politične lideri ===
&lt;div style=&quot;column-width:20em;&quot;&gt;
# [[Akbar]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8597|Q8597]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Aleksander Veliky]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8409|Q8409]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Ašoka]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8589|Q8589]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Mustafa Kemalj Ataturk]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5152|Q5152]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Avgust]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1405|Q1405]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Oto fon Bismark]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8442|Q8442]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Simon Bolivar]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8605|Q8605]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Napoleon]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q517|Q517]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Julij Cezarj]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1048|Q1048]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Karl Veliky]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q3044|Q3044]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Vinston Čorčil]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8016|Q8016]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Konstantin Veliky]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8413|Q8413]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Kir Veliky]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8423|Q8423]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Šarlj de Golj]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q2042|Q2042]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Elizabet 1.]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7207|Q7207]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Mahatma Gandi]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1001|Q1001]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Čingiz-han]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q720|Q720]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Če Gevara]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5809|Q5809]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Adolf Hitler]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q352|Q352]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Žana d'Ark]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7226|Q7226]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Martin Ljuter King-mladši]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8027|Q8027]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Владимир Ленин|Vladimir Lenin]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1394|Q1394]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Ejbrehem Linkon]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q91|Q91]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Lui 14.]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7742|Q7742]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Roza Ljuksemburg]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7231|Q7231]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Nelson Mandela]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8023|Q8023]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Mao Czedun]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5816|Q5816]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Džavarharlal Neru]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1047|Q1047]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Kvame Nkruma]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8620|Q8620]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Pjotr Veliky]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8479|Q8479]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Cinj Šihuan]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7192|Q7192]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Franklin Delano Ruzvelt]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8007|Q8007]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Saladin]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8581|Q8581]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Иосиф Сталин|Iosif Stalin]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q855|Q855]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Sulejman Velikolěpny]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8474|Q8474]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Sunj Isanj]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8573|Q8573]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Tamerlan]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8462|Q8462]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Umar]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8467|Q8467]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Džordž Vošington]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q23|Q23]]&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

=== Izmyslitelji, naučniki i matematiki ===
&lt;div style=&quot;column-width:20em;&quot;&gt;
# '''[[Arhimed]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8739|Q8739]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Avicena]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8011|Q8011]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Tim Bjorners-Lee]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q80|Q80]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Brahmagupta]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q202943|Q202943]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Mikolaj Kopernik]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q619|Q619]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Marija Sklodovska-Kjuri]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7186|Q7186]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Čarljs Darvin]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1035|Q1035]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Tomas Edison]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8743|Q8743]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Albert Ajnštajn]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q937|Q937]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Evklid]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8747|Q8747]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Leonard Ojler]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7604|Q7604]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Majkl Faradej]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8750|Q8750]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Enriko Fermi]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8753|Q8753]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Henry Ford]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8768|Q8768]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Galen]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8778|Q8778]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Galileo Galilej]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q307|Q307]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Karl Fridrih Gaus]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q6722|Q6722]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Johanes Gutenberg]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8958|Q8958]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[David Hilbert]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q41585|Q41585]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Džejms Preskot Džul]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8962|Q8962]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Johanes Kepler]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8963|Q8963]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Al-Horezmi]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9038|Q9038]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Gotfrid Viljheljm Lajbnic]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9047|Q9047]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Karl fon Line]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1043|Q1043]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Džejms Maksvel]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9095|Q9095]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Дмитриј Менделејев|Dmitri Mendelejev]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9106|Q9106]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Ajzek Njuton]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q935|Q935]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Lui Pastor]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q529|Q529]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Maks Plank]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9021|Q9021]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Ernest Raterford]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9123|Q9123]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Ervin Šrjodinger]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9130|Q9130]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Nikola Tesla]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9036|Q9036]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Alan Turing]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7251|Q7251]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Džejms Vat]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9041|Q9041]]&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

=== Umětniki i arhitekti ===
&lt;div style=&quot;column-width:20em;&quot;&gt;
# [[Le-Korbuzje]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q4724|Q4724]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Saljvador Dali]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5577|Q5577]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Aljbreht Djurer]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5580|Q5580]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Vinsent van Goh]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5582|Q5582]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Frantisko Goja]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5432|Q5432]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Kacušika Hokusaj]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5586|Q5586]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Frida Kalo]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5588|Q5588]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Leonardo da Vinči]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q762|Q762]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Anri Matis]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5589|Q5589]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Mikelandželo]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5592|Q5592]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Pablo Pikaso]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5593|Q5593]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Rafaelj]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5597|Q5597]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Rembrant]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5598|Q5598]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Peter Paulj Rubens]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5599|Q5599]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Mimar Sinan]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5600|Q5600]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Dijego Velatkes]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q297|Q297]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Endi Vorhol]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5603|Q5603]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Frenk Lojd Vrajt]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5604|Q5604]]&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

=== Kompozitori i muzikanti ===
&lt;div style=&quot;column-width:20em;&quot;&gt;
# [[Lui Armstrong]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1779|Q1779]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Johan Sebastjan Bah]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1339|Q1339]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''{{-|[[The Beatles]]}}''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1299|Q1299]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Ljutvig van Bethoven]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q255|Q255]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Johanes Brams]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7294|Q7294]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Frederik Šope]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1268|Q1268]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Antonin Dvorjak]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7298|Q7298]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Georg Fridrih Hendel]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7302|Q7302]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Jozef Hajdn]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7349|Q7349]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Majkl Džekson]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q2831|Q2831]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Um Kuljsum]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1110560|Q1110560]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Gustav Maler]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7304|Q7304]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Voljfgang Amadeus Mocart]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q254|Q254]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Džovani Pjerluidži da Palestrina]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q179277|Q179277]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Džakomo Pučini]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7311|Q7311]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Franc Šubert]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7312|Q7312]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Игорь Стравинскиј|Igorj Stravinskij]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7314|Q7314]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Пјотр Чајковскиј|Pjotr Čajkovskij]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7315|Q7315]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Džuzeppe Verdi]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7317|Q7317]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Antonjo Vivaldi]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1340|Q1340]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Rihard Vagner]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1511|Q1511]]&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

=== Pisatelji, dramaturgi i poeti ===
&lt;div style=&quot;column-width:20em;&quot;&gt;
# [[Abu Nuvas]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5670|Q5670]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Hans Kristijan Andersen]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5673|Q5673]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Džejn Ostin]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q36322|Q36322]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Bašo Macuo|Bašo]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5676|Q5676]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Horhe Luis Borhes]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q909|Q909]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Džordž Bajron]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5679|Q5679]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Migelj de Servantes]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5682|Q5682]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Džefri Čoser]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5683|Q5683]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Антон Чехов|Anton Čehov]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5685|Q5685]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Dante Aligjeri]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1067|Q1067]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Čarls Dikens]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5686|Q5686]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Фјодор Достојевскиј|Fjodor Dostojevskij]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q991|Q991]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Gavriel Garsija Markez]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5878|Q5878]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Johan Voljfgang von Gjote]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5879|Q5879]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Hafez]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q6240|Q6240]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Homer]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q6691|Q6691]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Viktor Jugo]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q535|Q535]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Džejms Džojs]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q6882|Q6882]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Franz Kafka]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q905|Q905]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Kalidasa]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7011|Q7011]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Li Baj]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7071|Q7071]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Nagib Mahfuz]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7176|Q7176]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Moljer]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q687|Q687]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Ovidij]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7198|Q7198]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Marselj Prust]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7199|Q7199]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Александр Пушкин|Aleksandr Puškin]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7200|Q7200]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Viljam Šejkspir]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q692|Q692]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Sofokl]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7235|Q7235]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Rabindranat Tagor]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7241|Q7241]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Лјев Толстој|Ljev Tolstoj]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7243|Q7243]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Mark Tvejn]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7245|Q7245]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Vergilij]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1398|Q1398]]&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

=== Direktori filma, scenaristi i aktori ===
&lt;div style=&quot;column-width:20em;&quot;&gt;
# [[Ingmar Bergman]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7546|Q7546]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Sara Bernart]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q4605|Q4605]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Čarli Čaplin]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q882|Q882]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Marlejna Ditrih]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q4612|Q4612]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Volt Disni]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8704|Q8704]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Сергеј Ејзенштејн|Sergej Ejzenštejn]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8003|Q8003]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Federiko Felini]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7371|Q7371]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Alfred Hičkok]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7374|Q7374]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Stenli Kubrik]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q2001|Q2001]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Akira Kurosava]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8006|Q8006]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Merilin Monro]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q4616|Q4616]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Satjadžit Raj]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8873|Q8873]]&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

=== Izslědovatelji i putovatelji ===
&lt;div style=&quot;column-width:20em;&quot;&gt;
# [[Rualj Amunsen]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q926|Q926]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Nil Armstrong]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1615|Q1615]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Žak Karte]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7321|Q7321]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Hristofor Kolumb]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7322|Q7322]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Džejms Kuk]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7324|Q7324]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Ernan Kortes]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7326|Q7326]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Јуриј Гагарин|Jurij Gagarin]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7327|Q7327]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Vasku da Gama]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7328|Q7328]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Ibn-Batuta]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7331|Q7331]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Fernan Magelan]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1496|Q1496]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Marko Polo]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q6101|Q6101]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Čžen He]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7333|Q7333]]&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

== Filozofija ==
&lt;div style=&quot;column-width:20em;&quot;&gt;
# [[Ateizm]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7066|Q7066]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Krasa]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7242|Q7242]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Konfucijanizm]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9581|Q9581]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Dijalektika]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9453|Q9453]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Etika]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9465|Q9465]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Epistemologija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9471|Q9471]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Svobodna volja]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9476|Q9476]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Znanje]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9081|Q9081]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Logika]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8078|Q8078]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Materializm]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7081|Q7081]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Filozofija]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5891|Q5891]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Java]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9510|Q9510]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Pravda]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7949|Q7949]]&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

== Věrozakon ==
&lt;div style=&quot;column-width:20em;&quot;&gt;
# [[Fundamentalizm]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9149|Q9149]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Bog]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q190|Q190]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Jednobožstvo]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9159|Q9159]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Mnogobožstvo]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9163|Q9163]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Mitologija]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9134|Q9134]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Prěrodženje]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q128593|Q128593]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Věrozakon]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9174|Q9174]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Duša]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9165|Q9165]]&lt;/small&gt;
# Věrozakony
## '''[[Budizm]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q748|Q748]]&lt;/small&gt;
## '''[[Hristijanstvo]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5043|Q5043]]&lt;/small&gt;
### [[Katoličska crkov]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9592|Q9592]]&lt;/small&gt;
## '''[[Hinduizm]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9089|Q9089]]&lt;/small&gt;
### [[Trimurti]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9595|Q9595]]&lt;/small&gt;
## '''[[Islam]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q432|Q432]]&lt;/small&gt;
### [[Sunizm]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q483654|Q483654]]&lt;/small&gt;
### [[Šijizm]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9585|Q9585]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Džajnizm]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9232|Q9232]]&lt;/small&gt;
## '''[[Judaizm]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9268|Q9268]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Sintoizm]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q812767|Q812767]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Sikhizm]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9316|Q9316]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Taoizm]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9598|Q9598]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Zoroastrianizm]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9601|Q9601]]&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

== Socialne nauky ==
&lt;div style=&quot;column-width:20em;&quot;&gt;
# '''[[Družstvo]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8425|Q8425]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Civilizacija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8432|Q8432]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Obrazovanje]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8434|Q8434]]&lt;/small&gt;

=== Psihologija ===
# '''[[Postupanje]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9332|Q9332]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Čuvstvo]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9415|Q9415]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Ljubov]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q316|Q316]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Razum]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q450|Q450]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Psihologija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9418|Q9418]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Myslj]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9420|Q9420]]&lt;/small&gt;

=== Sěmja i odnošenja ===
# '''[[Rodina]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8436|Q8436]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Děte]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7569|Q7569]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Muž]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8441|Q8441]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Svatba]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8445|Q8445]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Žena]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q467|Q467]]&lt;/small&gt;

=== Politika ===
# '''[[Politika]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7163|Q7163]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Kolonializm]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7167|Q7167]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Diplomatija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1889|Q1889]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Vlada]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7188|Q7188]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Demokracija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7174|Q7174]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Diktatura]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q317|Q317]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Monarhija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7269|Q7269]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Republika]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7270|Q7270]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Ideologija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7257|Q7257]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Anarhizm]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q6199|Q6199]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Kapitalizm]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q6206|Q6206]] &lt;/small&gt;
## [[Komunizm]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q6186|Q6186]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Konservatizm]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7169|Q7169]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Fašizm]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q6223|Q6223]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Liberalizm]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q6216|Q6216]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Marksizm]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7264|Q7264]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Nacionalizm]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q6235|Q6235]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Socializm]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7272|Q7272]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Imperializm]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7260|Q7260]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Država]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7275|Q7275]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Politična partija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7278|Q7278]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Propaganda]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7281|Q7281]]&lt;/small&gt;

=== Trgovanje i gospodarstvo ===
# '''[[Ekonomika]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8134|Q8134]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Kapital]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8137|Q8137]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Valuta]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8142|Q8142]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Evro]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q4916|Q4916]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Dolar SŠA]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q4917|Q4917]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Promysl]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8148|Q8148]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Groše]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1368|Q1368]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Platba]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8161|Q8161]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Trgovanje]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q601401|Q601401]]&lt;/small&gt;

=== Zakon ===
# '''[[Zakon]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7748|Q7748]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Ustav]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7755|Q7755]]&lt;/small&gt;

=== Medžunarodne organizacije ===
# [[Afrikanska Unija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7159|Q7159]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Arabska liga]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7172|Q7172]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Asean]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7768|Q7768]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Sodružstvo narodov]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7785|Q7785]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Evropejsky sojuz|Evropejska Unija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q458|Q458]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Medžunarodno dviženje Črveny križ i Črveny poluměsec]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7178|Q7178]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Organizacija sěveroatlantičskogo dogovora]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7184|Q7184]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Nobelova nagrada]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7191|Q7191]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[OPEK]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7795|Q7795]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Organizacija sjedinjenyh narodov]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1065|Q1065]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Medžunarodny sud]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7801|Q7801]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Medžunarodny valutny fond]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7804|Q7804]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Unesko]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7809|Q7809]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Universalna deklaracija prav člověka]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7813|Q7813]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Světova zdravstvena organizacija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7817|Q7817]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Světovy bank]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7164|Q7164]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Světova trgova organizacija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7825|Q7825]]&lt;/small&gt;

=== Vojna i vojska ===
# '''[[Vojsko]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8473|Q8473]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Mir]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q454|Q454]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Terorizm]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7283|Q7283]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Vojna]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q198|Q198]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Gradžanska vojna]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8465|Q8465]]&lt;/small&gt;

=== Socialne pytanja ===
# [[Abort]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8452|Q8452]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Smrtna kaznj]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8454|Q8454]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Diskriminacija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q169207|Q169207]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Rasizm]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8461|Q8461]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Feminizm]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7252|Q7252]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Globalizacija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7181|Q7181]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Prava člověka]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8458|Q8458]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Nebogatstvo]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q10294|Q10294]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Rabstvo]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8463|Q8463]]&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

== Jezyk i kniževnost ==
&lt;div style=&quot;column-width:20em;&quot;&gt;
# '''[[Jezyk]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q315|Q315]]&lt;/small&gt;
# Jezyky
## [[Arabsky jezyk]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q13955|Q13955]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Bengaljsky jezyk]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9610|Q9610]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Kitajsky jezyk]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7850|Q7850]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Anglijsky jezyk]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1860|Q1860]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Francuzsky jezyk]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q150|Q150]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Němečsky jezyk]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q188|Q188]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Grečsky jezyk]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9129|Q9129]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Hebrejsky jezyk]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9288|Q9288]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Hindustani]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11051|Q11051]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Korejsky jezyk]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9176|Q9176]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Japonsky jezyk]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5287|Q5287]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Latinsky jezyk]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q397|Q397]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Persidsky jezyk]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9168|Q9168]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Portugalsky jezyk]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5146|Q5146]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Russky jezyk]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7737|Q7737]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Sanskrit]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11059|Q11059]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Špansky jezyk]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1321|Q1321]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Suahili]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7838|Q7838]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Turečsky jezyk]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q256|Q256]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Jezykoznanje]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8162|Q8162]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Gramatika]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8091|Q8091]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Slovo]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8171|Q8171]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Glaska]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8183|Q8183]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Slog]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8188|Q8188]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Pismo]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8192|Q8192]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Arabska azbuka]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8196|Q8196]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Kitajsko pismo]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8201|Q8201]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Kirilica]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8209|Q8209]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Grečska azbuka]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8216|Q8216]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Latinica]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8229|Q8229]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Gramotnost]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8236|Q8236]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Prěvod]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7553|Q7553]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Kniževnost]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8242|Q8242]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Proza]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q676|Q676]]&lt;/small&gt;
### [[Umětnost vojny]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8251|Q8251]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Izmysljenje]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8253|Q8253]]&lt;/small&gt;
### [[Jedna tyseč i jedna noč]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8258|Q8258]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Roman]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8261|Q8261]]&lt;/small&gt;
### [[Son v črvenoj palatě]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8265|Q8265]]&lt;/small&gt;
### [[Razkaz o Gendzi]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8269|Q8269]]&lt;/small&gt;
## '''[[Poezija]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q482|Q482]]&lt;/small&gt;
### [[Epika o Giljgamešu]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8272|Q8272]]&lt;/small&gt;
### [[Ilijada]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8275|Q8275]]&lt;/small&gt;
### [[Mahabharata]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8276|Q8276]]&lt;/small&gt;
### [[Šahnama]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8279|Q8279]]&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

== Měrjenja ==
# '''[[Měrjenje]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12453|Q12453]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Medžunarodna sistema jedinic]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12457|Q12457]]&lt;/small&gt;

=== Težina, objem i dalj ===
# [[Kilogram]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11570|Q11570]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Litr]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11582|Q11582]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Metr]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11573|Q11573]]&lt;/small&gt;

=== Vrěme ===
&lt;div style=&quot;column-width:20em;&quot;&gt;
# '''[[Kalendar]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12132|Q12132]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Gregoriansky kalendar]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12138|Q12138]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Časovnik]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q376|Q376]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Sekunda]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11574|Q11574]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Denj]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q573|Q573]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[God]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q577|Q577]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Časova zona]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12143|Q12143]]&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

== Nauka ==
# '''[[Nauka]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q336|Q336]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Priroda]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7860|Q7860]]&lt;/small&gt;

=== Zvězdoznavstvo ===
&lt;div style=&quot;column-width:20em;&quot;&gt;
# '''[[Zvězdoznavstvo]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q333|Q333]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Asteroid]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q3863|Q3863]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Veliky izbuh]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q323|Q323]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Črna dira]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q589|Q589]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Kometa]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q3559|Q3559]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Galaktika]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q318|Q318]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Mlěčny put]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q321|Q321]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Měsec]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q405|Q405]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Planeta]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q634|Q634]]&lt;/small&gt;
## '''[[Zemja]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q2|Q2]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Jupiter]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q319|Q319]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Mars]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q111|Q111]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Merkurij]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q308|Q308]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Neptun]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q332|Q332]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Saturn]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q193|Q193]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Uran]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q324|Q324]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Venera]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q313|Q313]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Solnečna sistema]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q544|Q544]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Kosmičny let]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5916|Q5916]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Zvězda]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q523|Q523]]&lt;/small&gt;
## '''[[Solnce]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q525|Q525]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Vsesvět]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1|Q1]]&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

=== Biologija ===
&lt;div style=&quot;column-width:20em;&quot;&gt;
# '''[[Biologija]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q420|Q420]]&lt;/small&gt;
# Biologične tvoriva
## '''[[DNK]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7430|Q7430]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Enzim]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8047|Q8047]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Bělok]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8054|Q8054]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Botanika]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q441|Q441]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Smrt]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q4|Q4]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Samoubijstvo]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q10737|Q10737]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Ekologija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7150|Q7150]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Ogroženi vidi]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11394|Q11394]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Odomašnjenje]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11395|Q11395]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Žitje]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q3|Q3]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Biologična klasifikacija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11398|Q11398]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Vid (biologija)]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7432|Q7432]]&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

==== Biologične procesy ====
# '''[[Metabolizm]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1057|Q1057]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Varjenje]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11978|Q11978]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Fotosinteza]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11982|Q11982]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Dyhanje]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9530|Q9530]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Evolucija]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1063|Q1063]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Razmnoženje]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11990|Q11990]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Brěmennost]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11995|Q11995]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Pol]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q290|Q290]]&lt;/small&gt;

==== Organizmy ====
&lt;div style=&quot;column-width:20em;&quot;&gt;
# '''[[Organizm]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7239|Q7239]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Životno]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q729|Q729]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Glisty]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5185|Q5185]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Mekkcy]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q25326|Q25326]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Členistonogi]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1360|Q1360]]&lt;/small&gt;
### '''[[Nasěkomo]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1390|Q1390]]&lt;/small&gt;
#### [[Mravka]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7386|Q7386]]&lt;/small&gt;
#### [[Pčela]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7391|Q7391]]&lt;/small&gt;
#### [[Komari]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7367|Q7367]]&lt;/small&gt;
### [[Pavuki]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1357|Q1357]]&lt;/small&gt;
## Hordovy
### '''[[Zemnovodni]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q10908|Q10908]]&lt;/small&gt;
### '''[[Ptica]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5113|Q5113]]&lt;/small&gt;
#### [[Kura]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q780|Q780]]&lt;/small&gt;
#### [[Golub]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q10856|Q10856]]&lt;/small&gt;
### '''[[Ryba]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q152|Q152]]&lt;/small&gt;
#### [[Akula]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7372|Q7372]]&lt;/small&gt;
### '''[[Sosavec]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7377|Q7377]]&lt;/small&gt;
#### [[Velblud]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7375|Q7375]]&lt;/small&gt;
#### [[Kot]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q146|Q146]]&lt;/small&gt;
#### [[Skot]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q830|Q830]]&lt;/small&gt;
#### [[Kytopodobni]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q160|Q160]]&lt;/small&gt;
#### [[Pes]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q144|Q144]]&lt;/small&gt;
#### [[Konj]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q726|Q726]]&lt;/small&gt;
#### [[Ovca]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7368|Q7368]]&lt;/small&gt;
#### [[Gryzači]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q10850|Q10850]]&lt;/small&gt;
#### [[Svinja]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q787|Q787]]&lt;/small&gt;
#### [[Primat]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7380|Q7380]]&lt;/small&gt;
##### '''[[Člověk]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5|Q5]]&lt;/small&gt;
### '''[[Gadi]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q10811|Q10811]]&lt;/small&gt;
#### [[Dinozavr]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q430|Q430]]&lt;/small&gt;
#### [[Zmija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q2102|Q2102]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Vodorasti]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q37868|Q37868]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Archaea]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q10872|Q10872]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Bakterija]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q10876|Q10876]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Plěsnj]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q764|Q764]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Rastlina]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q756|Q756]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Cvět]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q506|Q506]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Plod]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1364|Q1364]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Drěvo]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q10884|Q10884]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Protisti]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q10892|Q10892]]&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

==== Anatomija ====
&lt;div style=&quot;column-width:20em;&quot;&gt;
# '''[[Anatomija]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q514|Q514]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Klětka]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7868|Q7868]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Kovolatoma sistema]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11068|Q11068]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Krov]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7873|Q7873]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Srdce]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1072|Q1072]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Endokrinna sistema]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11078|Q11078]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Želudočno-črěvny trakt]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9649|Q9649]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Tolsto črěvo]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11083|Q11083]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Tenko črěvo]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11090|Q11090]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Pečenj]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9368|Q9368]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Myšca]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7365|Q7365]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Nervna sistema]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9404|Q9404]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Mozg]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1073|Q1073]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Nerv]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9620|Q9620]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Sensorna sistema]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11101|Q11101]]&lt;/small&gt;
### [[Uho]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7362|Q7362]]&lt;/small&gt;
### [[Nos]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7363|Q7363]]&lt;/small&gt;
### [[Oko]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7364|Q7364]]&lt;/small&gt;
### [[Vkus]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q124794|Q124794]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Reproduktivna sistema]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7895|Q7895]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Dyšna sistema]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7891|Q7891]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Skelet]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7881|Q7881]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Koža]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1074|Q1074]]&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

=== Zdravje i medicina ===
&lt;div style=&quot;column-width:20em;&quot;&gt;
# '''[[Medicina]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11190|Q11190]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Zavisnost]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12029|Q12029]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Etanol]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q153|Q153]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Tabak]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1566|Q1566]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Bolest Alchajmera]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11081|Q11081]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Rak]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12078|Q12078]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Hronična obstruktivna bolest pljučy]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q199804|Q199804]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Prěhladženje]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12125|Q12125]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Zubna medicina]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12128|Q12128]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Nepolnomožnost]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12131|Q12131]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Slěpota]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q10874|Q10874]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Gluhota]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12133|Q12133]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Mysljenny neporedok]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12135|Q12135]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Bolest]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12136|Q12136]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Padučnica]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q41571|Q41571]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Lěkarjstvo]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12140|Q12140]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Antibiotik]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12187|Q12187]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Zdravje]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12147|Q12147]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Gastroenterit]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q156103|Q156103]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Glavna bolj]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q86|Q86]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Srdčny napad]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12152|Q12152]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Imuna sistema]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1059|Q1059]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Malarija]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12156|Q12156]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Nedojedanje]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12167|Q12167]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Měsečnica]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12171|Q12171]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Tolstost]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12174|Q12174]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Pandemija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12184|Q12184]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Pnevmonija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12192|Q12192]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Poliomijelit]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12195|Q12195]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Seksualno premeščajema bolest]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12198|Q12198]]&lt;/small&gt;
## '''[[Sindrom dobytogo imunodeficita člověka]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12199|Q12199]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Udar]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12202|Q12202]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Tuberkuloza]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12204|Q12204]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Cukrny diabet]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12206|Q12206]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Vakcina]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q134808|Q134808]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Virus]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q808|Q808]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Grip]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q2840|Q2840]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Ospa]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12214|Q12214]]&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

=== Hemija ===
&lt;div style=&quot;column-width:20em;&quot;&gt;
# '''[[Hemija]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q2329|Q2329]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Neorganična hemija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11165|Q11165]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Biohemija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7094|Q7094]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Hormon]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11364|Q11364]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Hemično složenje]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11173|Q11173]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Kyslina]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11158|Q11158]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Osnova (hemija)]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11193|Q11193]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Solj (hemija)]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12370|Q12370]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Hemičny element]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11344|Q11344]]&lt;/small&gt;
## '''[[Periodična sistema elementov]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q10693|Q10693]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Aluminij]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q663|Q663]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Vuglerod]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q623|Q623]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Měd]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q753|Q753]]&lt;/small&gt;
## '''[[Zlato]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q897|Q897]]&lt;/small&gt;
## '''[[Vodorod]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q556|Q556]]&lt;/small&gt;
## '''[[Železo]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q677|Q677]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Azot]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q627|Q627]]&lt;/small&gt;
## '''[[Kyslorod]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q629|Q629]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Srěbro]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1090|Q1090]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Cink]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1096|Q1096]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Organična hemija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11351|Q11351]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Alkohol]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q156|Q156]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Vuglovodan]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11358|Q11358]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Lipid]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11367|Q11367]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Molekula]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11369|Q11369]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Analitična hemija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q2346|Q2346]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Fizična hemija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11372|Q11372]]&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

=== Zemna nauka ===
&lt;div style=&quot;column-width:20em;&quot;&gt;
# '''[[Podnebje]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7937|Q7937]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Cirkulacija vody]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q81041|Q81041]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Elj-Ninjo]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7939|Q7939]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Globalno potepljenje]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7942|Q7942]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Zemjetresenje]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7944|Q7944]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Geologija]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1069|Q1069]]&lt;/small&gt;
## '''[[Mineral]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7946|Q7946]]&lt;/small&gt;
### [[Almaz]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5283|Q5283]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Tektonična plošča]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7950|Q7950]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Skala]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8063|Q8063]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Prirodna katastrofa]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8065|Q8065]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Potop]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8068|Q8068]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Cunami]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8070|Q8070]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Vulkan]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8072|Q8072]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Pogoda]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11663|Q11663]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Oblak]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8074|Q8074]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Dožd]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7925|Q7925]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Sněg]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7561|Q7561]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Tornado]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8081|Q8081]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Tropičny ciklon]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8092|Q8092]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Větr]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8094|Q8094]]&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

=== Fizika ===
&lt;div style=&quot;column-width:20em;&quot;&gt;
# '''[[Fizika]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q413|Q413]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Uskorjenje]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11376|Q11376]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Atom]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9121|Q9121]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Energija]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11379|Q11379]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Shranjenje energije]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11382|Q11382]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Elektromagnetična radiacija]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12969754|Q12969754]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Infračrvena radiacija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11388|Q11388]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Ultrafioletova radiacija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11391|Q11391]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Světlo]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9128|Q9128]]&lt;/small&gt;
### '''[[Cvět]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1075|Q1075]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Klasična mehanika]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11397|Q11397]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Sila]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11402|Q11402]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Elektromagnetizm]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q849919|Q849919]]&lt;/small&gt;
### [[Magnetično polje]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11408|Q11408]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Gravitacija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11412|Q11412]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Siljno vzajemodějanje]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11415|Q11415]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Slabo vzajemodějanje]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11418|Q11418]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Magnet]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11421|Q11421]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Masa]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11423|Q11423]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Metal]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11426|Q11426]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Stalj]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11427|Q11427]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Jedrny razděl]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11429|Q11429]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Agregatno stanje]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11430|Q11430]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Gaz]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11432|Q11432]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Tekutina]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11435|Q11435]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Plazma]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q10251|Q10251]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Tvrdost]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11438|Q11438]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Kvantova mehanika]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q944|Q944]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Radioaktivny razpad]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11448|Q11448]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Obča teorija odnositeljnosti]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11452|Q11452]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Specialjna teorija odnositeljnosti]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11455|Q11455]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Poluprovodnik]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11456|Q11456]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Zvuk]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11461|Q11461]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Bystrost]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11465|Q11465]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Bystrost světla]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q2111|Q2111]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Teplota]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11466|Q11466]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Vrěme]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11471|Q11471]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Termodinamika]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11473|Q11473]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Vakuum]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11475|Q11475]]&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

=== Matematika ===
&lt;div style=&quot;column-width:20em;&quot;&gt;
# '''[[Matematika]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q395|Q395]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Aritmetika]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11205|Q11205]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Logaritm]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11197|Q11197]]&lt;/small&gt;
## '''[[Čislo]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11563|Q11563]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Teorija čisel]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12479|Q12479]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Algebra]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q3968|Q3968]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Složeno čislo]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11567|Q11567]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Uravnjenje]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11345|Q11345]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Linejna algebra]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q82571|Q82571]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Geometrija]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8087|Q8087]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Vugol]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11352|Q11352]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Površina]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11500|Q11500]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Sistema koordinat]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11210|Q11210]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Pi]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q167|Q167]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Teorema Pifagora]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11518|Q11518]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Surazměrnost]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12485|Q12485]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Trigonometrija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8084|Q8084]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Matematična analiza]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7754|Q7754]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Diferencialno uravnjenje]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11214|Q11214]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Čislova analiza]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11216|Q11216]]&lt;/small&gt;
# Věrojetnost i statistika
## [[Věrojetnost]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9492|Q9492]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Statistika]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12483|Q12483]]&lt;/small&gt;
# Logika i osnovy
## [[Funkcija (matematika)]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11348|Q11348]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Bezkonečnost]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q205|Q205]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Matematičny dokaz]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11538|Q11538]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Teorija sbirok]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12482|Q12482]]&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

== Jeda i zemjedělstvo ==

=== Zemjedělstvo ===
# '''[[Zemjedělstvo]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11451|Q11451]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Navodnjanje]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11453|Q11453]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Plug]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11464|Q11464]]&lt;/small&gt;

=== Jeda ===
&lt;div style=&quot;column-width:20em;&quot;&gt;
# '''[[Jeda]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q2095|Q2095]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Hlěb]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7802|Q7802]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Zrno]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12117|Q12117]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Ječmenj]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11577|Q11577]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Kukuruza]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11575|Q11575]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Ryž]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5090|Q5090]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Žito]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12099|Q12099]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Dvucvětny sirak]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q332062|Q332062]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Pšenica]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q15645384|Q15645384]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Syr]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q10943|Q10943]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Čokolada]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q195|Q195]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Med]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q10987|Q10987]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Jabloko]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q89|Q89]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Banan]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q503|Q503]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Grozdje]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q10978|Q10978]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Soja]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11006|Q11006]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Citrus]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q81513|Q81513]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Orěh]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11009|Q11009]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Meso]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q10990|Q10990]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Cukr]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11002|Q11002]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Solj]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11254|Q11254]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Zelenina]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11004|Q11004]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Kartofelj]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q10998|Q10998]]&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

=== Napitky ===
# [[Pivo]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q44|Q44]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Kava]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8486|Q8486]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Sok]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8492|Q8492]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Mlěko]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8495|Q8495]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Čaj]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q6097|Q6097]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Voda]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q283|Q283]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Vino]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q282|Q282]]&lt;/small&gt;

== Tehnologija ==
&lt;div style=&quot;column-width:20em;&quot;&gt;
# '''[[Tehnologija]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11016|Q11016]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Biotehnologija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7108|Q7108]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Odědža]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11460|Q11460]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Bavolna]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11457|Q11457]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Inženerstvo]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11023|Q11023]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Mašina]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11019|Q11019]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Robot]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11012|Q11012]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Vint]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11022|Q11022]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Kolo]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q446|Q446]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Metalurgija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11467|Q11467]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Nanotehnologija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11468|Q11468]]&lt;/small&gt;

=== Sporazuměvanje ===
# '''[[Sporazuměvanje]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11024|Q11024]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Kniga]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q571|Q571]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Informacija]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11028|Q11028]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Enciklopedija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5292|Q5292]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Žurnalistika]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11030|Q11030]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Gazeta]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11032|Q11032]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Masove medija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11033|Q11033]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Pečetarstvo]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11034|Q11034]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Telefon]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11035|Q11035]]&lt;/small&gt;

=== Elektronika ===
# [[Elektronika]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11650|Q11650]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Electričny tok]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11651|Q11651]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Čestota]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11652|Q11652]]&lt;/small&gt;
# Skladniky
## [[Kondensator]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5322|Q5322]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Induktor]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5325|Q5325]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Tranzistor]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5339|Q5339]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Diod]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11656|Q11656]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Rezistor]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5321|Q5321]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Transformator]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11658|Q11658]]&lt;/small&gt;

==== Kompjutery i internet ====
# '''[[Kompjuter]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q68|Q68]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Tvrdy disk]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q4439|Q4439]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Centralny procesor]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5300|Q5300]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Umětna inteligencija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11660|Q11660]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Vědomostna tehnologija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11661|Q11661]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Algoritm]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8366|Q8366]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Internet]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q75|Q75]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Elektronična pošta]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9158|Q9158]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Vsesvětova pavučina]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q466|Q466]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Operacijna sistema]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9135|Q9135]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Jezyk programovanja]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9143|Q9143]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Softver]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7397|Q7397]]&lt;/small&gt;

=== Energija i paliva ===
# [[Obnovjajema energija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12705|Q12705]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Električnost]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12725|Q12725]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Jedrna energija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12739|Q12739]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Izkopajemo palivo]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12748|Q12748]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Motor vnutrnogo gorěnja]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12757|Q12757]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Parna mašina]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12760|Q12760]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Ogonj]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q3196|Q3196]]&lt;/small&gt;

=== Tvoriva ===
# [[Steklo]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11469|Q11469]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Papir]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11472|Q11472]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Plastik]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11474|Q11474]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Drěvo_(material)|Drěvo (material)]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q287|Q287]]&lt;/small&gt;

=== Prěvoz ===
# [[Prěvoz]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7590|Q7590]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Lětalo]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11436|Q11436]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Avtomobil]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1420|Q1420]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Velosiped]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11442|Q11442]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Podvodna lod]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q2811|Q2811]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Korab]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11446|Q11446]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Želězničny voz]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q870|Q870]]&lt;/small&gt;

=== Oružja ===
# [[Oružje]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q728|Q728]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Meč]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12791|Q12791]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Ognestreljno oružje]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12796|Q12796]]&lt;/small&gt;
### [[Kuljemet]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12800|Q12800]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Jedrno oružje]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12802|Q12802]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Tank]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12876|Q12876]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Izbuhlivo tvorivo]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12870|Q12870]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Črny prah]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12861|Q12861]]&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

== Umětnost i rekreacija ==
&lt;div style=&quot;column-width:20em;&quot;&gt;
# '''[[Kultura]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11042|Q11042]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Umětnost]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q735|Q735]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Komičny strip]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1004|Q1004]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Živopis]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11629|Q11629]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Fotografija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11633|Q11633]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Skulptura]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11634|Q11634]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Grnčarstvo]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11642|Q11642]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Tanec]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11639|Q11639]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Moda]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12684|Q12684]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Teatr]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11635|Q11635]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Krasopis]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12681|Q12681]]&lt;/small&gt;

=== Arhitektura i graždanska inženerija ===
# '''[[Arhitektura]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12271|Q12271]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Svod]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12277|Q12277]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Most]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12280|Q12280]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Kanal]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12284|Q12284]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Damba]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12323|Q12323]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Kupola]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12493|Q12493]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Dom]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q3947|Q3947]]&lt;/small&gt;
# Budynke
## [[Angkor-Vat]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q43473|Q43473]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Kolozej]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q10285|Q10285]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Velika Kitajska stěna]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12501|Q12501]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Efeljova věža]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q243|Q243]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Empajr-stejt-bilding]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9188|Q9188]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Aja-Sofija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12506|Q12506]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Panteon]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q10288|Q10288]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Gižsky nekropolj]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q13217298|Q13217298]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Bazilika svetogo Petra]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12512|Q12512]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Statuja svobody]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9202|Q9202]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Tadž-Mahal]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9141|Q9141]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Tri razloma]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12514|Q12514]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Piramida]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12516|Q12516]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Věža]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12518|Q12518]]&lt;/small&gt;

=== Film, radio i televiděnje ===
# '''[[Film]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11424|Q11424]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Анимација|Animacija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11425|Q11425]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Radio]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q872|Q872]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Televiděnje]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q289|Q289]]&lt;/small&gt;

=== Muzika ===
# '''[[Muzika]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q638|Q638]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Pěsnja]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7366|Q7366]]&lt;/small&gt;
# Muzikalne žanry
## [[Bljuz]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9759|Q9759]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Klasična muzika]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9730|Q9730]]&lt;/small&gt;
### [[Opera]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1344|Q1344]]&lt;/small&gt;
### [[Simfonija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9734|Q9734]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Electronična muzika]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9778|Q9778]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Flamenko]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9764|Q9764]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Hip-hop]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11401|Q11401]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Džaz]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8341|Q8341]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Regej]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9794|Q9794]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Rok-muzika]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11399|Q11399]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Samba]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11403|Q11403]]&lt;/small&gt;
# Muzične instrumenty
## [[Baraban]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11404|Q11404]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Flejta]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11405|Q11405]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Gitara]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q6607|Q6607]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Klavir]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5994|Q5994]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Truba]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8338|Q8338]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Skripka]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8355|Q8355]]&lt;/small&gt;

=== Rekreacija ===
# '''[[Igra]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11410|Q11410]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Tavla]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11411|Q11411]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Šahy]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q718|Q718]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Go (igra)]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11413|Q11413]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Videoigra]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7889|Q7889]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Hazardna igra]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11416|Q11416]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Vojinska umětnost]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11417|Q11417]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Džudo]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11420|Q11420]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Olimpijske igry]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5389|Q5389]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Sport]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q349|Q349]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Atletika]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q542|Q542]]&lt;/small&gt;
## Igry s mečom
### [[Bejsbol]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5369|Q5369]]&lt;/small&gt;
### [[Basketbol]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5372|Q5372]]&lt;/small&gt;
### [[Kriket]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5375|Q5375]]&lt;/small&gt;
### [[Futbol]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q2736|Q2736]]&lt;/small&gt;
### [[Golf]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5377|Q5377]]&lt;/small&gt;
### [[Ragbi]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5378|Q5378]]&lt;/small&gt;
### [[Tenis]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q847|Q847]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Plavanje]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q6388|Q6388]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Igračka]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11422|Q11422]]&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

== Historija ==
# '''[[Historija]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q309|Q309]]&lt;/small&gt;

==== Prědhistorija i drěvny svět ====
&lt;div style=&quot;column-width:20em;&quot;&gt;
# [[Prědhistorija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11756|Q11756]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Kamenna era]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11759|Q11759]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Bronzova era]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11761|Q11761]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Želězna era]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11764|Q11764]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Mesopotamija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11767|Q11767]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Šumer]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q35355|Q35355]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Drěvny Egipt]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11768|Q11768]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Drěvna Grecija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11772|Q11772]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Rimska imperija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q2277|Q2277]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Hanj (dinastija)]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7209|Q7209]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Carstvo Gupta]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11774|Q11774]]&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

==== Srědnjevěčje i Rano sovrěmenno vrěme ====
&lt;div style=&quot;column-width:20em;&quot;&gt;
# [[Halifat Abbasidov]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12536|Q12536]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Era prosvěčanja]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12539|Q12539]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Azteki]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12542|Q12542]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Bizantijska imperija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12544|Q12544]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Krestove pohody]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12546|Q12546]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Sveta Rimska imperija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12548|Q12548]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Imperija inkov]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q28573|Q28573]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Imperija Mali]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q184536|Q184536]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Civilizacija Maja]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q28567|Q28567]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Srědnjevěčje]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12554|Q12554]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Mongoljska imperija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12557|Q12557]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Min (dinastija)]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9903|Q9903]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Osmanska imperija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12560|Q12560]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Protestantska reformacija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12562|Q12562]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Vozrodženje]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q4692|Q4692]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Tanj (dinastija)]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9683|Q9683]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Vikingi]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12567|Q12567]]&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

==== Sovrěmenno vrěme ====
&lt;div style=&quot;column-width:20em;&quot;&gt;
# [[Arabsko-Izraeljsky spor]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8669|Q8669]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Amerikanska gradžanska vojna]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8676|Q8676]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Apartheid]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11409|Q11409]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Britanska imperija]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8680|Q8680]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Hladna vojna]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8683|Q8683]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Francuzska revolucija]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q6534|Q6534]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Velika depresija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8698|Q8698]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Holokaust]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q2763|Q2763]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Promyslna revolucija]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q2269|Q2269]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Nacistična Němcija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7318|Q7318]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Restavracija Mejdži]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8707|Q8707]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Rosijska revolucija 1917 goda]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8729|Q8729]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Cin (dinastija)]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8733|Q8733]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Sovětsky Sojuz]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q15180|Q15180]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Vietnamska vojna]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8740|Q8740]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Prva světova vojna]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q361|Q361]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Vtora světova vojna]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q362|Q362]]&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

== Zemjepis ==
&lt;div style=&quot;column-width:20em;&quot;&gt;
# '''[[Zemjepis]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1071|Q1071]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Grad]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q515|Q515]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Kontinent]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5107|Q5107]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Lěs]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q4421|Q4421]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Gora]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8502|Q8502]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Pustynja]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8514|Q8514]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Sěverny polus]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q934|Q934]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Okean]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9430|Q9430]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Rěka]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q4022|Q4022]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Morje]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q165|Q165]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Južny polus]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q933|Q933]]&lt;/small&gt;

=== Česti světa i glavne strany ===
# '''[[Afrika]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q15|Q15]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Antarktida]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q51|Q51]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Azija]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q48|Q48]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Evropa]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q46|Q46]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Blizky Vozhod]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7204|Q7204]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Sěverna Amerika]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q49|Q49]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Okeanija]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q55643|Q55643]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Južna Amerika]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q18|Q18]]&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

=== Državy ===
&lt;div style=&quot;column-width:20em;&quot;&gt;
{{-|Eventually, there should be articles on most or all of the countries listed at [[:w:en:List of sovereign states|List of countries]]. However, for the smaller Wikipedias, some of the more high-priority countries to have articles on are:}}

==== Afrika ====
# [[Alžirija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q262|Q262]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Demokratična republika Kongo]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q974|Q974]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Egipt]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q79|Q79]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Etiopija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q115|Q115]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Nigerija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1033|Q1033]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Južnoafrikanska republika]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q258|Q258]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Sudan]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1049|Q1049]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Tanzanija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q924|Q924]]&lt;/small&gt;

==== Azija ====
# [[Afganistan]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q889|Q889]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Bangladeš]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q902|Q902]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Kitaj]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q148|Q148]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Indija]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q668|Q668]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Indonezija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q252|Q252]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Iran]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q794|Q794]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Irak]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q796|Q796]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Izraelj]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q801|Q801]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Japonija]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q17|Q17]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Pakistan]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q843|Q843]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Filipiny]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q928|Q928]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Saudovska Arabija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q851|Q851]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Južna Koreja]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q884|Q884]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Tajland]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q869|Q869]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Turcija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q43|Q43]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Vietnam]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q881|Q881]]&lt;/small&gt;

==== Evropa ====
# [[Avstrija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q40|Q40]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Francija]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q142|Q142]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Němcija]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q183|Q183]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Italija]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q38|Q38]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Niderlandy]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q55|Q55]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Poljska]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q36|Q36]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Portugalija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q45|Q45]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Rosija]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q159|Q159]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Španija]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q29|Q29]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Švejcarija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q39|Q39]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Ukrajina]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q212|Q212]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Objedinjeno kraljevstvo]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q145|Q145]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Vatikan]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q237|Q237]]&lt;/small&gt;

==== Sěverna Amerika ====
# [[Kanada]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q16|Q16]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Kuba]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q241|Q241]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Meksiko]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q96|Q96]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Sjedinjene štaty Ameriky]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q30|Q30]]&lt;/small&gt;

==== Južna Amerika ====
# [[Argentina]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q414|Q414]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Brazilija]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q155|Q155]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Kolumbija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q739|Q739]]&lt;/small&gt;

==== Okeanija ====
# [[Avstralija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q408|Q408]]&lt;/small&gt;

=== Grady ===
&lt;div style=&quot;column-width:20em;&quot;&gt;
# [[Amsterdam]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q727|Q727]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Atiny]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1524|Q1524]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Bagdad]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1530|Q1530]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Bangkok]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1861|Q1861]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Pekin]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q956|Q956]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Berlin]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q64|Q64]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Bogota]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q2841|Q2841]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Brjuselj]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q239|Q239]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Buenos-Ajres]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1486|Q1486]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Kair]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q85|Q85]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Kejptaun]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5465|Q5465]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Damask]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q3766|Q3766]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Deli]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1353|Q1353]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Daka]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1354|Q1354]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Dubaj]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q612|Q612]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Honkong]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8646|Q8646]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Istanbul]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q406|Q406]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Džakarta]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q3630|Q3630]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Jerusalim]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1218|Q1218]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Karači]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8660|Q8660]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Kinšasa]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q3838|Q3838]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Koljkata]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1348|Q1348]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Lagos]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8673|Q8673]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[London]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q84|Q84]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Los-Andželes]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q65|Q65]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Madrid]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q2807|Q2807]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Mekka]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5806|Q5806]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Mehiko]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1489|Q1489]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Moskva]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q649|Q649]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Mumbai]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1156|Q1156]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Nairobi]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q3870|Q3870]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Nju-Jork]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q60|Q60]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Pariž]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q90|Q90]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Rio-de-Žanejro]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8678|Q8678]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Rim]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q220|Q220]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Sankt-Peterburg]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q656|Q656]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[San-Paulo]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q174|Q174]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Soulj]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8684|Q8684]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Šanhaj]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8686|Q8686]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Sidni]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q3130|Q3130]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Singapur]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q334|Q334]]&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
# [[Teheran]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q3616|Q3616]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Tokjo]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1490|Q1490]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Viena]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1741|Q1741]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Vošington]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q61|Q61]]&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

=== Vodne prědmety ===
&lt;div style=&quot;column-width:20em;&quot;&gt;
# '''[[Amazonka]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q3783|Q3783]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Arktičny okean]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q788|Q788]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Atlantičny okean]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q97|Q97]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Baltičsko morje]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q545|Q545]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Črno morje]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q166|Q166]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Karaibsko morje]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1247|Q1247]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Kaspijsko morje]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5484|Q5484]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Kongo (rěka)]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q3503|Q3503]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Dunaj]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1653|Q1653]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Gang]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5089|Q5089]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Veliky prěgradny rif]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7343|Q7343]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Velike jezera]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7347|Q7347]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Indijsky okean]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1239|Q1239]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Ind]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7348|Q7348]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Bajkal]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5513|Q5513]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Tanganjika]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5511|Q5511]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Viktorija (jezero)]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5505|Q5505]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Srědzemsko morje]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q4918|Q4918]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Misisipi (rěka)]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1497|Q1497]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Nižer (rěka)]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q3542|Q3542]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Nil]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q3392|Q3392]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Sěverno morje]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1693|Q1693]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Tihy okean]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q98|Q98]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Panamsky kanal]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7350|Q7350]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Rejn]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q584|Q584]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Suecsky kanal]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q899|Q899]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Južny okean]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7354|Q7354]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Volga]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q626|Q626]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Janczy]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5413|Q5413]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Žolta rěka]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7355|Q7355]]&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

=== Gory i pustynje ===
# [[Alpy]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1286|Q1286]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Andy]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5456|Q5456]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Himalaje]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5451|Q5451]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Džomolungma]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q513|Q513]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Kilimandžaro]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7296|Q7296]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Skalske gory]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5463|Q5463]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Sahara]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q6583|Q6583]]&lt;/small&gt;

[[Kategorija:Pomoč]]</text>
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      <text bytes="61703" sha1="n1i1q2lul1kxm40hud6yvv4q6w0ehla" xml:space="preserve">{{TOC right}}
Tuty spis jest prěvod spisa [[:w:m:List of articles every Wikipedia should have|iz Meta-viki Vikimedije]] (na 11 novembra 2022). On prědstavjaje osnovnu informaciju o raznyh prědmetah po cělomu světu, ktore trěba opisati v viki-enciklopediji tipa [[Vikipedija|Vikipedije]]. On imaje '''1000''' člankov, o ktoryh medžunarodna občina Vikimedije mysli kako o najvažnyh dlja vsakoj enciklopedije. Na 1 septembra 2025 goda v Medžuviki jest kolo 339 tyh člankov od 1000.&lt;!-- document.querySelectorAll( '.mw-parser-output ol a:not(.new, .extiw)' ) --&gt;

Každy vpis spisa imaje link na Vikidane, da by ljudi mogli početi prěvoditi članky iz jezykov, ktore one znajut. Najvažne vpisy v spisu, ktore myslet osoblivo važnymi dlja vsakoj viki-enciklopedije, sut dane '''tolstym pismom''', ale to jest jedino rekomendacija.

Ako li vy hočete početi članok, prosimo, dodajte prinajmenje 6 rěčenij o jego prědmetu. Vy možete početi članok klikom na vsaky črveny link.

== Životopis ==

=== Filozofi i socialni naučniki ===
&lt;div style=&quot;column-width:20em;&quot;&gt;
# '''[[Aristotelj]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q868|Q868]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Simon de Bovuar|Simona de Bovuar]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7197|Q7197]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Čanakja]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9045|Q9045]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Konfucij]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q4604|Q4604]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Rene Dekart]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9191|Q9191]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Zigmund Frojd]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9215|Q9215]]&lt;/small&gt;
# {{-|[[Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel|Георг Вилхелм Фридрих Хегел]]}} &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9235|Q9235]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Martin Hajdeger]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q48301|Q48301]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Ibn-Haljdun]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9294|Q9294]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Imanuel Kant]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9312|Q9312]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Džon Mejnard Kejns]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9317|Q9317]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Lao-czy]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9333|Q9333]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Džon Lok]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9353|Q9353]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Nikolo Makijaveli]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1399|Q1399]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Karl Marks]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9061|Q9061]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Fridrih Nicše]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9358|Q9358]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Platon]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q859|Q859]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Žan-Žak Ruso]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q6527|Q6527]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Žan-Polj Sartr]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9364|Q9364]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Syma Cjanj]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9372|Q9372]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Adam Smit]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9381|Q9381]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Sokrat]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q913|Q913]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Volter]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9068|Q9068]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Maks Veber]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9387|Q9387]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Ljudvig Vitgenštajn]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9391|Q9391]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Čžu Si]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9397|Q9397]]&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

=== Věrozakonne osoby i bogoslovci ===
# [[Abraham]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9181|Q9181]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Tomaso Akvinsky]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9438|Q9438]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Avrelij Avgustin]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8018|Q8018]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Buda]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9441|Q9441]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Alj-Gazali]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9546|Q9546]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Isus]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q302|Q302]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Martin Ljuter]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9554|Q9554]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Mojsej]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9077|Q9077]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Muhamad]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9458|Q9458]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Nagardžuna]] &lt;small&gt;[[:d:Q171195|Q171195]]&lt;/small&gt;

=== Politične lideri ===
&lt;div style=&quot;column-width:20em;&quot;&gt;
# [[Akbar]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8597|Q8597]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Aleksander Veliky]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8409|Q8409]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Ašoka]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8589|Q8589]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Mustafa Kemalj Ataturk]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5152|Q5152]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Avgust]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1405|Q1405]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Oto fon Bismark]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8442|Q8442]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Simon Bolivar]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8605|Q8605]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Napoleon]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q517|Q517]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Julij Cezarj]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1048|Q1048]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Karl Veliky]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q3044|Q3044]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Vinston Čorčil]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8016|Q8016]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Konstantin Veliky]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8413|Q8413]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Kir Veliky]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8423|Q8423]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Šarlj de Golj]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q2042|Q2042]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Elizabet 1.]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7207|Q7207]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Mahatma Gandi]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1001|Q1001]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Čingiz-han]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q720|Q720]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Če Gevara]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5809|Q5809]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Adolf Hitler]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q352|Q352]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Žana d'Ark]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7226|Q7226]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Martin Ljuter King-mladši]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8027|Q8027]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Владимир Ленин|Vladimir Lenin]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1394|Q1394]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Ejbrehem Linkon]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q91|Q91]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Lui 14.]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7742|Q7742]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Roza Ljuksemburg]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7231|Q7231]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Nelson Mandela]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8023|Q8023]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Mao Czedun]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5816|Q5816]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Džavarharlal Neru]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1047|Q1047]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Kvame Nkruma]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8620|Q8620]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Pjotr Veliky]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8479|Q8479]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Cinj Šihuan]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7192|Q7192]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Franklin Delano Ruzvelt]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8007|Q8007]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Saladin]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8581|Q8581]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Иосиф Сталин|Iosif Stalin]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q855|Q855]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Sulejman Velikolěpny]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8474|Q8474]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Sunj Isanj]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8573|Q8573]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Tamerlan]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8462|Q8462]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Umar]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8467|Q8467]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Džordž Vošington]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q23|Q23]]&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

=== Izmyslitelji, naučniki i matematiki ===
&lt;div style=&quot;column-width:20em;&quot;&gt;
# '''[[Arhimed]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8739|Q8739]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Avicena]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8011|Q8011]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Tim Bjorners-Lee]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q80|Q80]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Brahmagupta]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q202943|Q202943]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Mikolaj Kopernik]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q619|Q619]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Marija Sklodovska-Kjuri]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7186|Q7186]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Čarljs Darvin]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1035|Q1035]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Tomas Edison]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8743|Q8743]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Albert Ajnštajn]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q937|Q937]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Evklid]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8747|Q8747]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Leonard Ojler]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7604|Q7604]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Majkl Faradej]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8750|Q8750]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Enriko Fermi]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8753|Q8753]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Henry Ford]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8768|Q8768]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Galen]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8778|Q8778]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Galileo Galilej]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q307|Q307]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Karl Fridrih Gaus]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q6722|Q6722]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Johanes Gutenberg]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8958|Q8958]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[David Hilbert]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q41585|Q41585]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Džejms Preskot Džul]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8962|Q8962]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Johanes Kepler]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8963|Q8963]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Al-Horezmi]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9038|Q9038]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Gotfrid Viljheljm Lajbnic]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9047|Q9047]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Karl fon Line]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1043|Q1043]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Džejms Maksvel]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9095|Q9095]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Дмитриј Менделејев|Dmitri Mendelejev]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9106|Q9106]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Ajzek Njuton]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q935|Q935]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Lui Pastor]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q529|Q529]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Maks Plank]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9021|Q9021]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Ernest Raterford]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9123|Q9123]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Ervin Šrjodinger]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9130|Q9130]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Nikola Tesla]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9036|Q9036]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Alan Turing]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7251|Q7251]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Džejms Vat]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9041|Q9041]]&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

=== Umětniki i arhitekti ===
&lt;div style=&quot;column-width:20em;&quot;&gt;
# [[Le-Korbuzje]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q4724|Q4724]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Saljvador Dali]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5577|Q5577]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Aljbreht Djurer]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5580|Q5580]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Vinsent van Goh]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5582|Q5582]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Frantisko Goja]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5432|Q5432]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Kacušika Hokusaj]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5586|Q5586]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Frida Kalo]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5588|Q5588]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Leonardo da Vinči]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q762|Q762]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Anri Matis]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5589|Q5589]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Mikelandželo]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5592|Q5592]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Pablo Pikaso]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5593|Q5593]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Rafaelj]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5597|Q5597]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Rembrant]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5598|Q5598]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Peter Paulj Rubens]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5599|Q5599]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Mimar Sinan]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5600|Q5600]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Dijego Velatkes]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q297|Q297]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Endi Vorhol]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5603|Q5603]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Frenk Lojd Vrajt]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5604|Q5604]]&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

=== Kompozitori i muzikanti ===
&lt;div style=&quot;column-width:20em;&quot;&gt;
# [[Lui Armstrong]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1779|Q1779]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Johan Sebastjan Bah]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1339|Q1339]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''{{-|[[The Beatles]]}}''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1299|Q1299]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Ljutvig van Bethoven]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q255|Q255]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Johanes Brams]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7294|Q7294]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Frederik Šope]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1268|Q1268]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Antonin Dvorjak]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7298|Q7298]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Georg Fridrih Hendel]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7302|Q7302]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Jozef Hajdn]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7349|Q7349]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Majkl Džekson]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q2831|Q2831]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Um Kuljsum]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1110560|Q1110560]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Gustav Maler]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7304|Q7304]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Voljfgang Amadeus Mocart]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q254|Q254]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Džovani Pjerluidži da Palestrina]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q179277|Q179277]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Džakomo Pučini]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7311|Q7311]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Franc Šubert]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7312|Q7312]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Игорь Стравинскиј|Igorj Stravinskij]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7314|Q7314]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Пјотр Чајковскиј|Pjotr Čajkovskij]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7315|Q7315]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Džuzeppe Verdi]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7317|Q7317]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Antonjo Vivaldi]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1340|Q1340]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Rihard Vagner]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1511|Q1511]]&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

=== Pisatelji, dramaturgi i poeti ===
&lt;div style=&quot;column-width:20em;&quot;&gt;
# [[Abu Nuvas]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5670|Q5670]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Hans Kristijan Andersen]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5673|Q5673]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Džejn Ostin]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q36322|Q36322]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Bašo Macuo|Bašo]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5676|Q5676]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Horhe Luis Borhes]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q909|Q909]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Džordž Bajron]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5679|Q5679]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Migelj de Servantes]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5682|Q5682]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Džefri Čoser]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5683|Q5683]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Антон Чехов|Anton Čehov]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5685|Q5685]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Dante Aligjeri]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1067|Q1067]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Čarls Dikens]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5686|Q5686]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Фјодор Достојевскиј|Fjodor Dostojevskij]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q991|Q991]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Gavriel Garsija Markez]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5878|Q5878]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Johan Voljfgang von Gjote]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5879|Q5879]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Hafez]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q6240|Q6240]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Homer]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q6691|Q6691]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Viktor Jugo]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q535|Q535]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Džejms Džojs]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q6882|Q6882]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Franz Kafka]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q905|Q905]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Kalidasa]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7011|Q7011]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Li Baj]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7071|Q7071]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Nagib Mahfuz]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7176|Q7176]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Moljer]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q687|Q687]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Ovidij]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7198|Q7198]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Marselj Prust]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7199|Q7199]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Александр Пушкин|Aleksandr Puškin]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7200|Q7200]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Viljam Šejkspir]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q692|Q692]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Sofokl]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7235|Q7235]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Rabindranat Tagor]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7241|Q7241]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Лјев Толстој|Ljev Tolstoj]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7243|Q7243]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Mark Tvejn]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7245|Q7245]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Vergilij]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1398|Q1398]]&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

=== Direktori filma, scenaristi i aktori ===
&lt;div style=&quot;column-width:20em;&quot;&gt;
# [[Ingmar Bergman]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7546|Q7546]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Sara Bernart]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q4605|Q4605]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Čarli Čaplin]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q882|Q882]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Marlejna Ditrih]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q4612|Q4612]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Volt Disni]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8704|Q8704]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Сергеј Ејзенштејн|Sergej Ejzenštejn]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8003|Q8003]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Federiko Felini]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7371|Q7371]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Alfred Hičkok]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7374|Q7374]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Stenli Kubrik]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q2001|Q2001]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Akira Kurosava]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8006|Q8006]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Merilin Monro]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q4616|Q4616]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Satjadžit Raj]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8873|Q8873]]&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

=== Izslědovatelji i putovatelji ===
&lt;div style=&quot;column-width:20em;&quot;&gt;
# [[Rualj Amunsen]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q926|Q926]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Nil Armstrong]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1615|Q1615]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Žak Karte]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7321|Q7321]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Hristofor Kolumb]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7322|Q7322]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Džejms Kuk]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7324|Q7324]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Ernan Kortes]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7326|Q7326]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Јуриј Гагарин|Jurij Gagarin]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7327|Q7327]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Vasku da Gama]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7328|Q7328]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Ibn-Batuta]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7331|Q7331]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Fernan Magelan]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1496|Q1496]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Marko Polo]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q6101|Q6101]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Čžen He]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7333|Q7333]]&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

== Filozofija ==
&lt;div style=&quot;column-width:20em;&quot;&gt;
# [[Ateizm]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7066|Q7066]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Krasa]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7242|Q7242]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Konfucijanizm]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9581|Q9581]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Dijalektika]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9453|Q9453]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Etika]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9465|Q9465]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Epistemologija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9471|Q9471]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Svobodna volja]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9476|Q9476]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Znanje]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9081|Q9081]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Logika]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8078|Q8078]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Materializm]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7081|Q7081]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Filozofija]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5891|Q5891]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Java]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9510|Q9510]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Pravda]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7949|Q7949]]&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

== Věrozakon ==
&lt;div style=&quot;column-width:20em;&quot;&gt;
# [[Fundamentalizm]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9149|Q9149]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Bog]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q190|Q190]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Jednobožstvo]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9159|Q9159]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Mnogobožstvo]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9163|Q9163]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Mitologija]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9134|Q9134]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Prěrodženje]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q128593|Q128593]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Věrozakon]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9174|Q9174]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Duša]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9165|Q9165]]&lt;/small&gt;
# Věrozakony
## '''[[Budizm]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q748|Q748]]&lt;/small&gt;
## '''[[Hristijanstvo]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5043|Q5043]]&lt;/small&gt;
### [[Katoličska crkov]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9592|Q9592]]&lt;/small&gt;
## '''[[Hinduizm]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9089|Q9089]]&lt;/small&gt;
### [[Trimurti]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9595|Q9595]]&lt;/small&gt;
## '''[[Islam]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q432|Q432]]&lt;/small&gt;
### [[Sunizm]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q483654|Q483654]]&lt;/small&gt;
### [[Šijizm]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9585|Q9585]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Džajnizm]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9232|Q9232]]&lt;/small&gt;
## '''[[Judaizm]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9268|Q9268]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Sintoizm]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q812767|Q812767]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Sikhizm]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9316|Q9316]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Taoizm]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9598|Q9598]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Zoroastrianizm]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9601|Q9601]]&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

== Socialne nauky ==
&lt;div style=&quot;column-width:20em;&quot;&gt;
# '''[[Družstvo]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8425|Q8425]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Civilizacija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8432|Q8432]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Obrazovanje]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8434|Q8434]]&lt;/small&gt;

=== Psihologija ===
# '''[[Postupanje]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9332|Q9332]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Čuvstvo]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9415|Q9415]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Ljubov]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q316|Q316]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Razum]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q450|Q450]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Psihologija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9418|Q9418]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Myslj]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9420|Q9420]]&lt;/small&gt;

=== Sěmja i odnošenja ===
# '''[[Rodina]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8436|Q8436]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Děte]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7569|Q7569]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Muž]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8441|Q8441]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Svatba]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8445|Q8445]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Žena]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q467|Q467]]&lt;/small&gt;

=== Politika ===
# '''[[Politika]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7163|Q7163]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Kolonializm]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7167|Q7167]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Diplomatija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1889|Q1889]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Vlada]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7188|Q7188]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Demokracija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7174|Q7174]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Diktatura]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q317|Q317]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Monarhija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7269|Q7269]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Republika]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7270|Q7270]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Ideologija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7257|Q7257]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Anarhizm]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q6199|Q6199]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Kapitalizm]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q6206|Q6206]] &lt;/small&gt;
## [[Komunizm]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q6186|Q6186]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Konservatizm]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7169|Q7169]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Fašizm]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q6223|Q6223]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Liberalizm]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q6216|Q6216]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Marksizm]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7264|Q7264]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Nacionalizm]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q6235|Q6235]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Socializm]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7272|Q7272]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Imperializm]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7260|Q7260]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Država]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7275|Q7275]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Politična partija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7278|Q7278]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Propaganda]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7281|Q7281]]&lt;/small&gt;

=== Trgovanje i gospodarstvo ===
# '''[[Ekonomika]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8134|Q8134]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Kapital]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8137|Q8137]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Valuta]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8142|Q8142]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Evro]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q4916|Q4916]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Dolar SŠA]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q4917|Q4917]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Promysl]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8148|Q8148]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Groše]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1368|Q1368]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Platba]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8161|Q8161]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Trgovanje]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q601401|Q601401]]&lt;/small&gt;

=== Zakon ===
# '''[[Zakon]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7748|Q7748]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Ustav]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7755|Q7755]]&lt;/small&gt;

=== Medžunarodne organizacije ===
# [[Afrikanska Unija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7159|Q7159]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Arabska liga]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7172|Q7172]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Asean]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7768|Q7768]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Sodružstvo narodov]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7785|Q7785]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Evropejsky sojuz|Evropejska Unija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q458|Q458]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Medžunarodno dviženje Črveny križ i Črveny poluměsec]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7178|Q7178]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Organizacija sěveroatlantičskogo dogovora]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7184|Q7184]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Nobelova nagrada]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7191|Q7191]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[OPEK]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7795|Q7795]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Organizacija sjedinjenyh narodov]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1065|Q1065]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Medžunarodny sud]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7801|Q7801]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Medžunarodny valutny fond]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7804|Q7804]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Unesko]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7809|Q7809]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Universalna deklaracija prav člověka]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7813|Q7813]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Světova zdravstvena organizacija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7817|Q7817]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Světovy bank]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7164|Q7164]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Světova trgova organizacija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7825|Q7825]]&lt;/small&gt;

=== Vojna i vojska ===
# '''[[Vojsko]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8473|Q8473]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Mir]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q454|Q454]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Terorizm]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7283|Q7283]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Vojna]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q198|Q198]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Gradžanska vojna]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8465|Q8465]]&lt;/small&gt;

=== Socialne pytanja ===
# [[Abort]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8452|Q8452]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Smrtna kaznj]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8454|Q8454]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Diskriminacija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q169207|Q169207]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Rasizm]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8461|Q8461]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Feminizm]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7252|Q7252]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Globalizacija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7181|Q7181]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Prava člověka]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8458|Q8458]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Nebogatstvo]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q10294|Q10294]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Rabstvo]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8463|Q8463]]&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

== Jezyk i kniževnost ==
&lt;div style=&quot;column-width:20em;&quot;&gt;
# '''[[Jezyk]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q315|Q315]]&lt;/small&gt;
# Jezyky
## [[Arabsky jezyk]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q13955|Q13955]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Bengaljsky jezyk]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9610|Q9610]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Kitajsky jezyk]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7850|Q7850]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Anglijsky jezyk]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1860|Q1860]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Francuzsky jezyk]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q150|Q150]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Němečsky jezyk]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q188|Q188]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Grečsky jezyk]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9129|Q9129]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Hebrejsky jezyk]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9288|Q9288]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Hindustani]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11051|Q11051]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Korejsky jezyk]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9176|Q9176]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Japonsky jezyk]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5287|Q5287]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Latinsky jezyk]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q397|Q397]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Persidsky jezyk]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9168|Q9168]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Portugalsky jezyk]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5146|Q5146]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Russky jezyk]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7737|Q7737]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Sanskrit]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11059|Q11059]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Špansky jezyk]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1321|Q1321]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Suahili]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7838|Q7838]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Turečsky jezyk]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q256|Q256]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Jezykoznanje]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8162|Q8162]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Gramatika]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8091|Q8091]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Slovo]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8171|Q8171]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Glaska]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8183|Q8183]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Slog]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8188|Q8188]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Pismo]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8192|Q8192]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Arabska azbuka]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8196|Q8196]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Kitajsko pismo]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8201|Q8201]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Kirilica]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8209|Q8209]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Grečska azbuka]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8216|Q8216]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Latinica]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8229|Q8229]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Gramotnost]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8236|Q8236]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Prěvod]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7553|Q7553]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Kniževnost]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8242|Q8242]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Proza]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q676|Q676]]&lt;/small&gt;
### [[Umětnost vojny]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8251|Q8251]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Izmysljenje]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8253|Q8253]]&lt;/small&gt;
### [[Jedna tyseč i jedna noč]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8258|Q8258]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Roman]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8261|Q8261]]&lt;/small&gt;
### [[Son v črvenoj palatě]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8265|Q8265]]&lt;/small&gt;
### [[Razkaz o Gendzi]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8269|Q8269]]&lt;/small&gt;
## '''[[Poezija]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q482|Q482]]&lt;/small&gt;
### [[Epika o Giljgamešu]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8272|Q8272]]&lt;/small&gt;
### [[Ilijada]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8275|Q8275]]&lt;/small&gt;
### [[Mahabharata]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8276|Q8276]]&lt;/small&gt;
### [[Šahnama]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8279|Q8279]]&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

== Měrjenja ==
# '''[[Měrjenje]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12453|Q12453]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Medžunarodna sistema jedinic]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12457|Q12457]]&lt;/small&gt;

=== Težina, objem i dalj ===
# [[Kilogram]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11570|Q11570]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Litr]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11582|Q11582]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Metr]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11573|Q11573]]&lt;/small&gt;

=== Vrěme ===
&lt;div style=&quot;column-width:20em;&quot;&gt;
# '''[[Kalendar]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12132|Q12132]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Gregoriansky kalendar]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12138|Q12138]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Časovnik]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q376|Q376]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Sekunda]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11574|Q11574]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Denj]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q573|Q573]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[God]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q577|Q577]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Časova zona]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12143|Q12143]]&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

== Nauka ==
# '''[[Nauka]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q336|Q336]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Priroda]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7860|Q7860]]&lt;/small&gt;

=== Zvězdoznavstvo ===
&lt;div style=&quot;column-width:20em;&quot;&gt;
# '''[[Zvězdoznavstvo]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q333|Q333]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Asteroid]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q3863|Q3863]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Veliky izbuh]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q323|Q323]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Črna dira]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q589|Q589]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Kometa]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q3559|Q3559]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Galaktika]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q318|Q318]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Mlěčny put]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q321|Q321]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Měsec]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q405|Q405]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Planeta]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q634|Q634]]&lt;/small&gt;
## '''[[Zemja]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q2|Q2]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Jupiter]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q319|Q319]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Mars]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q111|Q111]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Merkurij]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q308|Q308]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Neptun]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q332|Q332]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Saturn]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q193|Q193]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Uran]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q324|Q324]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Venera]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q313|Q313]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Solnečna sistema]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q544|Q544]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Kosmičny let]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5916|Q5916]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Zvězda]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q523|Q523]]&lt;/small&gt;
## '''[[Solnce]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q525|Q525]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Vsesvět]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1|Q1]]&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

=== Biologija ===
&lt;div style=&quot;column-width:20em;&quot;&gt;
# '''[[Biologija]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q420|Q420]]&lt;/small&gt;
# Biologične tvoriva
## '''[[DNK]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7430|Q7430]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Enzim]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8047|Q8047]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Bělok]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8054|Q8054]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Botanika]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q441|Q441]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Smrt]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q4|Q4]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Samoubijstvo]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q10737|Q10737]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Ekologija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7150|Q7150]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Ogroženi vidi]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11394|Q11394]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Odomašnjenje]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11395|Q11395]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Žitje]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q3|Q3]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Biologična klasifikacija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11398|Q11398]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Vid (biologija)]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7432|Q7432]]&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

==== Biologične procesy ====
# '''[[Metabolizm]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1057|Q1057]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Varjenje]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11978|Q11978]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Fotosinteza]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11982|Q11982]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Dyhanje]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9530|Q9530]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Evolucija]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1063|Q1063]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Razmnoženje]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11990|Q11990]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Brěmennost]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11995|Q11995]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Pol]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q290|Q290]]&lt;/small&gt;

==== Organizmy ====
&lt;div style=&quot;column-width:20em;&quot;&gt;
# '''[[Organizm]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7239|Q7239]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Životno]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q729|Q729]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Glisty]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5185|Q5185]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Mekkcy]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q25326|Q25326]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Členistonogi]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1360|Q1360]]&lt;/small&gt;
### '''[[Nasěkomo]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1390|Q1390]]&lt;/small&gt;
#### [[Mravka]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7386|Q7386]]&lt;/small&gt;
#### [[Pčela]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7391|Q7391]]&lt;/small&gt;
#### [[Komari]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7367|Q7367]]&lt;/small&gt;
### [[Pavuki]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1357|Q1357]]&lt;/small&gt;
## Hordovy
### '''[[Zemnovodni]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q10908|Q10908]]&lt;/small&gt;
### '''[[Ptica]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5113|Q5113]]&lt;/small&gt;
#### [[Kura]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q780|Q780]]&lt;/small&gt;
#### [[Golub]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q10856|Q10856]]&lt;/small&gt;
### '''[[Ryba]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q152|Q152]]&lt;/small&gt;
#### [[Akula]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7372|Q7372]]&lt;/small&gt;
### '''[[Sosavec]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7377|Q7377]]&lt;/small&gt;
#### [[Velblud]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7375|Q7375]]&lt;/small&gt;
#### [[Kot]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q146|Q146]]&lt;/small&gt;
#### [[Skot]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q830|Q830]]&lt;/small&gt;
#### [[Kytopodobni]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q160|Q160]]&lt;/small&gt;
#### [[Pes]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q144|Q144]]&lt;/small&gt;
#### [[Konj]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q726|Q726]]&lt;/small&gt;
#### [[Ovca]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7368|Q7368]]&lt;/small&gt;
#### [[Gryzači]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q10850|Q10850]]&lt;/small&gt;
#### [[Svinja]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q787|Q787]]&lt;/small&gt;
#### [[Primat]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7380|Q7380]]&lt;/small&gt;
##### '''[[Člověk]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5|Q5]]&lt;/small&gt;
### '''[[Gadi]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q10811|Q10811]]&lt;/small&gt;
#### [[Dinozavr]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q430|Q430]]&lt;/small&gt;
#### [[Zmija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q2102|Q2102]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Vodorasti]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q37868|Q37868]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Archaea]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q10872|Q10872]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Bakterija]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q10876|Q10876]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Plěsnj]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q764|Q764]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Rastlina]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q756|Q756]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Cvět]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q506|Q506]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Plod]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1364|Q1364]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Drěvo]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q10884|Q10884]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Protisti]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q10892|Q10892]]&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

==== Anatomija ====
&lt;div style=&quot;column-width:20em;&quot;&gt;
# '''[[Anatomija]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q514|Q514]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Klětka]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7868|Q7868]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Kovolatoma sistema]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11068|Q11068]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Krov]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7873|Q7873]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Srdce]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1072|Q1072]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Endokrinna sistema]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11078|Q11078]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Želudočno-črěvny trakt]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9649|Q9649]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Tolsto črěvo]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11083|Q11083]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Tenko črěvo]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11090|Q11090]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Pečenj]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9368|Q9368]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Myšca]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7365|Q7365]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Nervna sistema]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9404|Q9404]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Mozg]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1073|Q1073]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Nerv]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9620|Q9620]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Sensorna sistema]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11101|Q11101]]&lt;/small&gt;
### [[Uho]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7362|Q7362]]&lt;/small&gt;
### [[Nos]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7363|Q7363]]&lt;/small&gt;
### [[Oko]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7364|Q7364]]&lt;/small&gt;
### [[Vkus]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q124794|Q124794]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Reproduktivna sistema]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7895|Q7895]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Dyšna sistema]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7891|Q7891]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Skelet]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7881|Q7881]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Koža]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1074|Q1074]]&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

=== Zdravje i medicina ===
&lt;div style=&quot;column-width:20em;&quot;&gt;
# '''[[Medicina]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11190|Q11190]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Zavisnost]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12029|Q12029]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Etanol]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q153|Q153]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Tabak]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1566|Q1566]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Bolest Alchajmera]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11081|Q11081]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Rak]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12078|Q12078]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Hronična obstruktivna bolest pljučy]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q199804|Q199804]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Prěhladženje]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12125|Q12125]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Zubna medicina]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12128|Q12128]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Nepolnomožnost]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12131|Q12131]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Slěpota]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q10874|Q10874]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Gluhota]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12133|Q12133]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Mysljenny neporedok]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12135|Q12135]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Bolest]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12136|Q12136]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Padučnica]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q41571|Q41571]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Lěkarjstvo]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12140|Q12140]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Antibiotik]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12187|Q12187]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Zdravje]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12147|Q12147]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Gastroenterit]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q156103|Q156103]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Glavna bolj]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q86|Q86]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Srdčny napad]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12152|Q12152]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Imuna sistema]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1059|Q1059]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Malarija]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12156|Q12156]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Nedojedanje]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12167|Q12167]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Měsečnica]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12171|Q12171]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Tolstost]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12174|Q12174]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Pandemija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12184|Q12184]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Pnevmonija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12192|Q12192]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Poliomijelit]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12195|Q12195]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Seksualno premeščajema bolest]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12198|Q12198]]&lt;/small&gt;
## '''[[Sindrom dobytogo imunodeficita člověka]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12199|Q12199]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Udar]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12202|Q12202]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Tuberkuloza]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12204|Q12204]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Cukrny diabet]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12206|Q12206]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Vakcina]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q134808|Q134808]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Virus]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q808|Q808]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Grip]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q2840|Q2840]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Ospa]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12214|Q12214]]&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

=== Hemija ===
&lt;div style=&quot;column-width:20em;&quot;&gt;
# '''[[Hemija]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q2329|Q2329]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Neorganična hemija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11165|Q11165]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Biohemija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7094|Q7094]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Hormon]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11364|Q11364]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Hemično složenje]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11173|Q11173]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Kyslina]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11158|Q11158]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Osnova (hemija)]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11193|Q11193]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Solj (hemija)]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12370|Q12370]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Hemičny element]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11344|Q11344]]&lt;/small&gt;
## '''[[Periodična sistema elementov]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q10693|Q10693]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Aluminij]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q663|Q663]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Vuglerod]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q623|Q623]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Měd]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q753|Q753]]&lt;/small&gt;
## '''[[Zlato]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q897|Q897]]&lt;/small&gt;
## '''[[Vodorod]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q556|Q556]]&lt;/small&gt;
## '''[[Železo]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q677|Q677]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Azot]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q627|Q627]]&lt;/small&gt;
## '''[[Kyslorod]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q629|Q629]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Srěbro]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1090|Q1090]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Cink]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1096|Q1096]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Organična hemija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11351|Q11351]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Alkohol]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q156|Q156]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Vuglovodan]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11358|Q11358]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Lipid]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11367|Q11367]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Molekula]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11369|Q11369]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Analitična hemija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q2346|Q2346]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Fizična hemija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11372|Q11372]]&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

=== Zemna nauka ===
&lt;div style=&quot;column-width:20em;&quot;&gt;
# '''[[Podnebje]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7937|Q7937]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Cirkulacija vody]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q81041|Q81041]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Elj-Ninjo]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7939|Q7939]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Globalno potepljenje]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7942|Q7942]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Zemjetresenje]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7944|Q7944]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Geologija]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1069|Q1069]]&lt;/small&gt;
## '''[[Mineral]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7946|Q7946]]&lt;/small&gt;
### [[Almaz]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5283|Q5283]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Tektonična plošča]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7950|Q7950]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Skala]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8063|Q8063]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Prirodna katastrofa]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8065|Q8065]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Potop]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8068|Q8068]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Cunami]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8070|Q8070]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Vulkan]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8072|Q8072]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Pogoda]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11663|Q11663]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Oblak]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8074|Q8074]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Dožd]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7925|Q7925]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Sněg]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7561|Q7561]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Tornado]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8081|Q8081]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Tropičny ciklon]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8092|Q8092]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Větr]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8094|Q8094]]&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

=== Fizika ===
&lt;div style=&quot;column-width:20em;&quot;&gt;
# '''[[Fizika]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q413|Q413]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Uskorjenje]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11376|Q11376]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Atom]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9121|Q9121]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Energija]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11379|Q11379]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Shranjenje energije]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11382|Q11382]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Elektromagnetična radiacija]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12969754|Q12969754]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Infračrvena radiacija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11388|Q11388]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Ultrafioletova radiacija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11391|Q11391]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Světlo]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9128|Q9128]]&lt;/small&gt;
### '''[[Cvět]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1075|Q1075]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Klasična mehanika]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11397|Q11397]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Sila]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11402|Q11402]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Elektromagnetizm]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q849919|Q849919]]&lt;/small&gt;
### [[Magnetično polje]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11408|Q11408]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Gravitacija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11412|Q11412]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Siljno vzajemodějanje]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11415|Q11415]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Slabo vzajemodějanje]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11418|Q11418]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Magnet]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11421|Q11421]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Masa]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11423|Q11423]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Metal]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11426|Q11426]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Stalj]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11427|Q11427]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Jedrny razděl]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11429|Q11429]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Agregatno stanje]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11430|Q11430]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Gaz]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11432|Q11432]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Tekutina]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11435|Q11435]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Plazma]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q10251|Q10251]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Tvrdost]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11438|Q11438]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Kvantova mehanika]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q944|Q944]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Radioaktivny razpad]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11448|Q11448]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Obča teorija odnositeljnosti]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11452|Q11452]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Specialjna teorija odnositeljnosti]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11455|Q11455]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Poluprovodnik]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11456|Q11456]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Zvuk]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11461|Q11461]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Bystrost]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11465|Q11465]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Bystrost světla]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q2111|Q2111]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Teplota]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11466|Q11466]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Vrěme]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11471|Q11471]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Termodinamika]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11473|Q11473]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Vakuum]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11475|Q11475]]&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

=== Matematika ===
&lt;div style=&quot;column-width:20em;&quot;&gt;
# '''[[Matematika]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q395|Q395]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Aritmetika]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11205|Q11205]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Logaritm]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11197|Q11197]]&lt;/small&gt;
## '''[[Čislo]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11563|Q11563]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Teorija čisel]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12479|Q12479]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Algebra]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q3968|Q3968]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Složeno čislo]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11567|Q11567]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Uravnjenje]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11345|Q11345]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Linejna algebra]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q82571|Q82571]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Geometrija]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8087|Q8087]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Vugol]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11352|Q11352]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Površina]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11500|Q11500]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Sistema koordinat]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11210|Q11210]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Pi]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q167|Q167]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Teorema Pifagora]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11518|Q11518]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Surazměrnost]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12485|Q12485]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Trigonometrija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8084|Q8084]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Matematična analiza]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7754|Q7754]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Diferencialno uravnjenje]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11214|Q11214]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Čislova analiza]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11216|Q11216]]&lt;/small&gt;
# Věrojetnost i statistika
## [[Věrojetnost]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9492|Q9492]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Statistika]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12483|Q12483]]&lt;/small&gt;
# Logika i osnovy
## [[Funkcija (matematika)]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11348|Q11348]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Bezkonečnost]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q205|Q205]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Matematičny dokaz]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11538|Q11538]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Teorija sbirok]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12482|Q12482]]&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

== Jeda i zemjedělstvo ==

=== Zemjedělstvo ===
# '''[[Zemjedělstvo]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11451|Q11451]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Navodnjanje]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11453|Q11453]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Plug]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11464|Q11464]]&lt;/small&gt;

=== Jeda ===
&lt;div style=&quot;column-width:20em;&quot;&gt;
# '''[[Jeda]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q2095|Q2095]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Hlěb]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7802|Q7802]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Zrno]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12117|Q12117]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Ječmenj]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11577|Q11577]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Kukuruza]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11575|Q11575]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Ryž]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5090|Q5090]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Žito]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12099|Q12099]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Dvucvětny sirak]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q332062|Q332062]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Pšenica]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q15645384|Q15645384]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Syr]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q10943|Q10943]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Čokolada]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q195|Q195]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Med]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q10987|Q10987]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Jabloko]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q89|Q89]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Banan]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q503|Q503]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Grozdje]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q10978|Q10978]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Soja]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11006|Q11006]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Citrus]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q81513|Q81513]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Orěh]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11009|Q11009]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Meso]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q10990|Q10990]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Cukr]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11002|Q11002]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Solj]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11254|Q11254]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Zelenina]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11004|Q11004]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Kartofelj]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q10998|Q10998]]&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

=== Napitky ===
# [[Pivo]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q44|Q44]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Kava]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8486|Q8486]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Sok]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8492|Q8492]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Mlěko]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8495|Q8495]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Čaj]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q6097|Q6097]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Voda]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q283|Q283]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Vino]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q282|Q282]]&lt;/small&gt;

== Tehnologija ==
&lt;div style=&quot;column-width:20em;&quot;&gt;
# '''[[Tehnologija]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11016|Q11016]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Biotehnologija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7108|Q7108]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Odědža]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11460|Q11460]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Bavolna]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11457|Q11457]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Inženerstvo]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11023|Q11023]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Mašina]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11019|Q11019]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Robot]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11012|Q11012]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Vint]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11022|Q11022]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Kolo]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q446|Q446]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Metalurgija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11467|Q11467]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Nanotehnologija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11468|Q11468]]&lt;/small&gt;

=== Sporazuměvanje ===
# '''[[Sporazuměvanje]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11024|Q11024]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Kniga]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q571|Q571]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Informacija]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11028|Q11028]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Enciklopedija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5292|Q5292]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Žurnalistika]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11030|Q11030]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Gazeta]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11032|Q11032]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Masove medija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11033|Q11033]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Pečetarstvo]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11034|Q11034]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Telefon]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11035|Q11035]]&lt;/small&gt;

=== Elektronika ===
# [[Elektronika]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11650|Q11650]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Electričny tok]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11651|Q11651]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Čestota]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11652|Q11652]]&lt;/small&gt;
# Skladniky
## [[Kondensator]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5322|Q5322]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Induktor]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5325|Q5325]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Tranzistor]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5339|Q5339]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Diod]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11656|Q11656]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Rezistor]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5321|Q5321]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Transformator]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11658|Q11658]]&lt;/small&gt;

==== Kompjutery i internet ====
# '''[[Kompjuter]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q68|Q68]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Tvrdy disk]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q4439|Q4439]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Centralny procesor]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5300|Q5300]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Umětna inteligencija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11660|Q11660]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Vědomostna tehnologija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11661|Q11661]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Algoritm]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8366|Q8366]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Internet]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q75|Q75]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Elektronična pošta]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9158|Q9158]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Vsesvětova pavučina]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q466|Q466]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Operacijna sistema]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9135|Q9135]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Jezyk programovanja]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9143|Q9143]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Softver]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7397|Q7397]]&lt;/small&gt;

=== Energija i paliva ===
# [[Obnovjajema energija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12705|Q12705]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Električnost]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12725|Q12725]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Jedrna energija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12739|Q12739]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Izkopajemo palivo]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12748|Q12748]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Motor vnutrnogo gorěnja]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12757|Q12757]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Parna mašina]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12760|Q12760]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Ogonj]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q3196|Q3196]]&lt;/small&gt;

=== Tvoriva ===
# [[Steklo]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11469|Q11469]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Papir]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11472|Q11472]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Plastik]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11474|Q11474]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Drěvo_(material)|Drěvo (material)]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q287|Q287]]&lt;/small&gt;

=== Prěvoz ===
# [[Prěvoz]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7590|Q7590]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Lětalo]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11436|Q11436]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Avtomobil]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1420|Q1420]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Velosiped]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11442|Q11442]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Podvodna lod]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q2811|Q2811]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Korab]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11446|Q11446]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Želězničny voz]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q870|Q870]]&lt;/small&gt;

=== Oružja ===
# [[Oružje]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q728|Q728]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Meč]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12791|Q12791]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Ognestreljno oružje]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12796|Q12796]]&lt;/small&gt;
### [[Kuljemet]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12800|Q12800]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Jedrno oružje]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12802|Q12802]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Tank]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12876|Q12876]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Izbuhlivo tvorivo]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12870|Q12870]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Črny prah]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12861|Q12861]]&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

== Umětnost i rekreacija ==
&lt;div style=&quot;column-width:20em;&quot;&gt;
# '''[[Kultura]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11042|Q11042]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Umětnost]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q735|Q735]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Komičny strip]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1004|Q1004]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Živopis]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11629|Q11629]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Fotografija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11633|Q11633]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Skulptura]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11634|Q11634]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Grnčarstvo]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11642|Q11642]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Tanec]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11639|Q11639]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Moda]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12684|Q12684]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Teatr]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11635|Q11635]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Krasopis]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12681|Q12681]]&lt;/small&gt;

=== Arhitektura i graždanska inženerija ===
# '''[[Arhitektura]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12271|Q12271]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Svod]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12277|Q12277]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Most]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12280|Q12280]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Kanal]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12284|Q12284]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Damba]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12323|Q12323]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Kupola]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12493|Q12493]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Dom]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q3947|Q3947]]&lt;/small&gt;
# Budynke
## [[Angkor-Vat]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q43473|Q43473]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Kolozej]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q10285|Q10285]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Velika Kitajska stěna]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12501|Q12501]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Efeljova věža]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q243|Q243]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Empajr-stejt-bilding]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9188|Q9188]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Aja-Sofija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12506|Q12506]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Panteon]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q10288|Q10288]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Gižsky nekropolj]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q13217298|Q13217298]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Bazilika svetogo Petra]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12512|Q12512]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Statuja svobody]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9202|Q9202]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Tadž-Mahal]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9141|Q9141]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Tri razloma]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12514|Q12514]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Piramida]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12516|Q12516]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Věža]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12518|Q12518]]&lt;/small&gt;

=== Film, radio i televiděnje ===
# '''[[Film]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11424|Q11424]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Анимација|Animacija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11425|Q11425]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Radio]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q872|Q872]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Televiděnje]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q289|Q289]]&lt;/small&gt;

=== Muzika ===
# '''[[Muzika]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q638|Q638]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Pěsnja]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7366|Q7366]]&lt;/small&gt;
# Muzikalne žanry
## [[Bljuz]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9759|Q9759]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Klasična muzika]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9730|Q9730]]&lt;/small&gt;
### [[Opera]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1344|Q1344]]&lt;/small&gt;
### [[Simfonija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9734|Q9734]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Electronična muzika]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9778|Q9778]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Flamenko]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9764|Q9764]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Hip-hop]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11401|Q11401]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Džaz]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8341|Q8341]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Regej]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9794|Q9794]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Rok-muzika]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11399|Q11399]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Samba]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11403|Q11403]]&lt;/small&gt;
# Muzične instrumenty
## [[Baraban]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11404|Q11404]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Flejta]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11405|Q11405]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Gitara]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q6607|Q6607]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Klavir]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5994|Q5994]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Truba]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8338|Q8338]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Skripka]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8355|Q8355]]&lt;/small&gt;

=== Rekreacija ===
# '''[[Igra]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11410|Q11410]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Tavla]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11411|Q11411]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Šahy]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q718|Q718]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Go (igra)]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11413|Q11413]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Videoigra]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7889|Q7889]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Hazardna igra]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11416|Q11416]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Vojinska umětnost]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11417|Q11417]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Džudo]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11420|Q11420]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Olimpijske igry]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5389|Q5389]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Sport]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q349|Q349]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Atletika]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q542|Q542]]&lt;/small&gt;
## Igry s mečom
### [[Bejsbol]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5369|Q5369]]&lt;/small&gt;
### [[Basketbol]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5372|Q5372]]&lt;/small&gt;
### [[Kriket]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5375|Q5375]]&lt;/small&gt;
### [[Futbol]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q2736|Q2736]]&lt;/small&gt;
### [[Golf]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5377|Q5377]]&lt;/small&gt;
### [[Ragbi]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5378|Q5378]]&lt;/small&gt;
### [[Tenis]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q847|Q847]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Plavanje]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q6388|Q6388]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Igračka]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11422|Q11422]]&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

== Historija ==
# '''[[Historija]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q309|Q309]]&lt;/small&gt;

==== Prědhistorija i drěvny svět ====
&lt;div style=&quot;column-width:20em;&quot;&gt;
# [[Prědhistorija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11756|Q11756]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Kamenna era]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11759|Q11759]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Bronzova era]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11761|Q11761]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Želězna era]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11764|Q11764]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Mesopotamija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11767|Q11767]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Šumer]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q35355|Q35355]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Drěvny Egipt]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11768|Q11768]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Drěvna Grecija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11772|Q11772]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Rimska imperija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q2277|Q2277]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Hanj (dinastija)]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7209|Q7209]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Carstvo Gupta]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11774|Q11774]]&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

==== Srědnjevěčje i Rano sovrěmenno vrěme ====
&lt;div style=&quot;column-width:20em;&quot;&gt;
# [[Halifat Abbasidov]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12536|Q12536]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Era prosvěčanja]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12539|Q12539]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Azteki]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12542|Q12542]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Bizantijska imperija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12544|Q12544]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Krestove pohody]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12546|Q12546]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Sveta Rimska imperija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12548|Q12548]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Imperija inkov]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q28573|Q28573]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Imperija Mali]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q184536|Q184536]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Civilizacija Maja]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q28567|Q28567]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Srědnjevěčje]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12554|Q12554]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Mongoljska imperija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12557|Q12557]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Min (dinastija)]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9903|Q9903]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Osmanska imperija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12560|Q12560]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Protestantska reformacija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12562|Q12562]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Vozrodženje]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q4692|Q4692]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Tanj (dinastija)]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9683|Q9683]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Vikingi]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q12567|Q12567]]&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

==== Sovrěmenno vrěme ====
&lt;div style=&quot;column-width:20em;&quot;&gt;
# [[Arabsko-Izraeljsky spor]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8669|Q8669]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Amerikanska gradžanska vojna]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8676|Q8676]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Apartheid]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q11409|Q11409]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Britanska imperija]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8680|Q8680]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Hladna vojna]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8683|Q8683]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Francuzska revolucija]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q6534|Q6534]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Velika depresija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8698|Q8698]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Holokaust]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q2763|Q2763]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Promyslna revolucija]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q2269|Q2269]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Nacistična Němcija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7318|Q7318]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Restavracija Mejdži]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8707|Q8707]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Rosijska revolucija 1917 goda]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8729|Q8729]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Cin (dinastija)]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8733|Q8733]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Sovětsky sojuz]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q15180|Q15180]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Vietnamska vojna]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8740|Q8740]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Prva světova vojna]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q361|Q361]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Vtora světova vojna]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q362|Q362]]&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

== Zemjepis ==
&lt;div style=&quot;column-width:20em;&quot;&gt;
# '''[[Zemjepis]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1071|Q1071]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Grad]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q515|Q515]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Kontinent]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5107|Q5107]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Lěs]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q4421|Q4421]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Gora]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8502|Q8502]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Pustynja]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8514|Q8514]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Sěverny polus]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q934|Q934]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Okean]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q9430|Q9430]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Rěka]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q4022|Q4022]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Morje]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q165|Q165]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Južny polus]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q933|Q933]]&lt;/small&gt;

=== Česti světa i glavne strany ===
# '''[[Afrika]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q15|Q15]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Antarktida]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q51|Q51]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Azija]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q48|Q48]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Evropa]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q46|Q46]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Blizky Vozhod]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7204|Q7204]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Sěverna Amerika]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q49|Q49]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Okeanija]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q55643|Q55643]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Južna Amerika]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q18|Q18]]&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

=== Državy ===
&lt;div style=&quot;column-width:20em;&quot;&gt;
{{-|Eventually, there should be articles on most or all of the countries listed at [[:w:en:List of sovereign states|List of countries]]. However, for the smaller Wikipedias, some of the more high-priority countries to have articles on are:}}

==== Afrika ====
# [[Alžirija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q262|Q262]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Demokratična republika Kongo]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q974|Q974]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Egipt]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q79|Q79]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Etiopija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q115|Q115]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Nigerija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1033|Q1033]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Južnoafrikanska republika]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q258|Q258]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Sudan]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1049|Q1049]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Tanzanija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q924|Q924]]&lt;/small&gt;

==== Azija ====
# [[Afganistan]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q889|Q889]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Bangladeš]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q902|Q902]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Kitaj]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q148|Q148]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Indija]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q668|Q668]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Indonezija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q252|Q252]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Iran]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q794|Q794]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Irak]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q796|Q796]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Izraelj]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q801|Q801]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Japonija]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q17|Q17]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Pakistan]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q843|Q843]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Filipiny]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q928|Q928]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Saudovska Arabija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q851|Q851]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Južna Koreja]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q884|Q884]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Tajland]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q869|Q869]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Turcija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q43|Q43]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Vietnam]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q881|Q881]]&lt;/small&gt;

==== Evropa ====
# [[Avstrija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q40|Q40]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Francija]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q142|Q142]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Němcija]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q183|Q183]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Italija]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q38|Q38]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Niderlandy]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q55|Q55]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Poljska]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q36|Q36]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Portugalija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q45|Q45]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Rosija]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q159|Q159]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Španija]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q29|Q29]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Švejcarija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q39|Q39]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Ukrajina]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q212|Q212]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Objedinjeno kraljevstvo]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q145|Q145]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Vatikan]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q237|Q237]]&lt;/small&gt;

==== Sěverna Amerika ====
# [[Kanada]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q16|Q16]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Kuba]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q241|Q241]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Meksiko]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q96|Q96]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Sjedinjene štaty Ameriky]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q30|Q30]]&lt;/small&gt;

==== Južna Amerika ====
# [[Argentina]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q414|Q414]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Brazilija]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q155|Q155]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Kolumbija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q739|Q739]]&lt;/small&gt;

==== Okeanija ====
# [[Avstralija]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q408|Q408]]&lt;/small&gt;

=== Grady ===
&lt;div style=&quot;column-width:20em;&quot;&gt;
# [[Amsterdam]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q727|Q727]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Atiny]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1524|Q1524]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Bagdad]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1530|Q1530]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Bangkok]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1861|Q1861]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Pekin]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q956|Q956]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Berlin]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q64|Q64]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Bogota]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q2841|Q2841]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Brjuselj]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q239|Q239]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Buenos-Ajres]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1486|Q1486]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Kair]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q85|Q85]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Kejptaun]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5465|Q5465]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Damask]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q3766|Q3766]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Deli]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1353|Q1353]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Daka]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1354|Q1354]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Dubaj]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q612|Q612]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Honkong]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8646|Q8646]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Istanbul]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q406|Q406]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Džakarta]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q3630|Q3630]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Jerusalim]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1218|Q1218]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Karači]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8660|Q8660]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Kinšasa]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q3838|Q3838]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Koljkata]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1348|Q1348]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Lagos]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8673|Q8673]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[London]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q84|Q84]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Los-Andželes]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q65|Q65]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Madrid]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q2807|Q2807]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Mekka]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5806|Q5806]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Mehiko]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1489|Q1489]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Moskva]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q649|Q649]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Mumbai]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1156|Q1156]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Nairobi]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q3870|Q3870]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Nju-Jork]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q60|Q60]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Pariž]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q90|Q90]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Rio-de-Žanejro]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8678|Q8678]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Rim]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q220|Q220]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Sankt-Peterburg]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q656|Q656]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[San-Paulo]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q174|Q174]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Soulj]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8684|Q8684]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Šanhaj]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q8686|Q8686]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Sidni]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q3130|Q3130]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Singapur]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q334|Q334]]&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
# [[Teheran]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q3616|Q3616]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Tokjo]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1490|Q1490]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Viena]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1741|Q1741]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Vošington]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q61|Q61]]&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

=== Vodne prědmety ===
&lt;div style=&quot;column-width:20em;&quot;&gt;
# '''[[Amazonka]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q3783|Q3783]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Arktičny okean]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q788|Q788]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Atlantičny okean]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q97|Q97]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Baltičsko morje]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q545|Q545]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Črno morje]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q166|Q166]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Karaibsko morje]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1247|Q1247]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Kaspijsko morje]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5484|Q5484]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Kongo (rěka)]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q3503|Q3503]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Dunaj]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1653|Q1653]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Gang]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5089|Q5089]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Veliky prěgradny rif]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7343|Q7343]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Velike jezera]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7347|Q7347]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Indijsky okean]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1239|Q1239]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Ind]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7348|Q7348]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Bajkal]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5513|Q5513]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Tanganjika]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5511|Q5511]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Viktorija (jezero)]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5505|Q5505]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Srědzemsko morje]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q4918|Q4918]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Misisipi (rěka)]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1497|Q1497]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Nižer (rěka)]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q3542|Q3542]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Nil]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q3392|Q3392]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Sěverno morje]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1693|Q1693]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Tihy okean]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q98|Q98]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Panamsky kanal]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7350|Q7350]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Rejn]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q584|Q584]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Suecsky kanal]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q899|Q899]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Južny okean]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7354|Q7354]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Volga]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q626|Q626]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Janczy]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5413|Q5413]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Žolta rěka]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7355|Q7355]]&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

=== Gory i pustynje ===
# [[Alpy]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q1286|Q1286]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Andy]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5456|Q5456]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Himalaje]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5451|Q5451]]&lt;/small&gt;
## [[Džomolungma]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q513|Q513]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Kilimandžaro]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q7296|Q7296]]&lt;/small&gt;
# [[Skalske gory]] &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q5463|Q5463]]&lt;/small&gt;
# '''[[Sahara]]''' &lt;small&gt;/ [[:d:Q6583|Q6583]]&lt;/small&gt;

[[Kategorija:Pomoč]]</text>
      <sha1>n1i1q2lul1kxm40hud6yvv4q6w0ehla</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Lev</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>1240</id>
    <revision>
      <id>45034</id>
      <parentid>35308</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-02T21:06:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>razměr obrazka, kat.</comment>
      <origin>45034</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="12723" sha1="038gyesydki1bgkw8pijza6yf6dkkpw" xml:space="preserve">{{Kartka vid
| nazva = Lev
| nazva-lat = &lt;center&gt;{{Lang|la|Panthera leo}}&lt;/center&gt;
| čas = Pleistocen (2,5 Mil. lět tomu prěd) do nastoječego &lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;▼ 2,588–0 Ma&lt;/small&gt;
| foto = [[Fajl:020 The lion king Snyggve in the Serengeti National Park Photo by Giles Laurent.jpg|thumb|center|Samec v [[Narodny park Serengeti|Narodnom parku Serengeti]], [[Tanzanija]]]]
| shranjenje = Bezzaščitny {{-|(VU) &lt;br/&gt;IUCN3.1}}&lt;ref name=IUCN&gt;{{Cite journal|journal=[[The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species]] |publisher=[[IUCN]] |title=''Panthera leo'' |author1=Nicholson, S., |author2=Bauer, H., |author3=Strampelli, P., |author4=Ikanda, D., |author5=Tumenta, P.F., |author6=Asfaw, T., Venkataraman, M. |author7=Loveridge, A. |name-list-style=amp |date=2025|volume=2025|page=e.T15951A280792135 |url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/15951/280792135| doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T15951A280792135.en |access-date= 10 February 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| opisany = [[Johann Friedrich von Brandt|Brandt]], 1841
| domen = {{Lang|la|Eukaryota}}
| carstvo = {{Lang|la|Animalia}}
| tip = {{Lang|la|Chordata}}
| klasa = {{Lang|la|Mammalia}}
| odděl = {{Lang|la|Carnivora}}
| pododděl = {{Lang|la|Feliformia}}
| rodina = {{Lang|la|Felidae}}
| podrodina = {{Lang|la|Pantherinae}}
| rod = {{Lang|la|Panthera}}
| vid = {{Lang|la|P. leo}}
| binominalno-ime = {{Lang|la|Panthera leo}} ({{-|Linnaeus}}, 1758)&lt;ref name=&quot;Linn1758&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Linnaeus|first= C. |year=1758 |title=Caroli Linnæi Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis |volume=Tomus I |edition=decima, reformata |location=Holmiae |publisher=Laurentius Salvius |page=41 |chapter=''Felis leo'' |chapter-url=https://archive.org/stream/mobot31753000798865#page/41/mode/2up| language = la}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| odkryl = 
| areal = [[Fajl:Lion (Panthera leo) IUCN range 2023.svg|center|300px|Historičny areal razprostranjenja na 2023 god.&lt;ref name = IUCN/&gt;]]
| areal_size = 
| areal_alt = Historičny areal razprostranjenja na 2023 god.
}}
[[Fajl:Okonjima Lioness.jpg|thumb|Samica (ljvica) v Okondžimě]]
'''Lev''' ({{Jezyky|la|Panthera leo}}) jest [[sosavec]] [[Rodina (biologija)|rodiny]] {{-|[[Felidae]]}} (kotovyh). Něktori veliki samci važet nad 250&amp;nbsp;kg.&lt;ref name=&quot;nowak&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Nowak |first= Ronald M. |year=1999 |title=Walker's Mammals of the World |url=https://archive.org/details/walkersmammalsof0001nowa |location=Baltimore |publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press |isbn=0-8018-5789-9}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tutčcasno diki lvi živut v [[Črna Afrika|Črnoj Afrikě]] i zapadnoj [[Indija|Indiji]].&lt;ref name = Gir/&gt; Lvi sut adaptovali se k životu v [[prerija]]h i směšanom krajevidu s drěvami i travoju. Buduči odnosno malymi, samice umějut bystro běgati na kratko oddaljenje i koordinovati svoj lov [[Stado|stadnyh]] životin.

Lvi sut izčezli iz [[Sevěrna Afrika|Sevěrnoj Afriky]] i jugozapadnoj [[Azija|Azije]] v historičnom vremenu. Prěd pozdnjim [[Pleistocen]]om, čto bylo priblizno 10,000&amp;nbsp;lět tomu, lev byl najvyše razprostranjenym velikym sosavcom poslě člověka. Oni sut obyvali vo věčšej česti [[Afrika|Afriky]], črěz [[Evrazija|Evraziju]] od [[Zapadna Evropa|Zapadnoj Evropy]] do [[Indija|Indije]] i v [[Amerika|Amerikě]] od [[Jukon]]a do [[Peru]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Harington69&quot;&gt;{{-|Harington, CR ‘Dick’ (1969). Pleistocene remains of the lion-like cat (''Panthera atrox'') from the Yukon Territory and northern Alaska. ''Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences'' '''6''' (5): 1277–88.}} [http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/abs/10.1139/e69-127#.UpnXiNtrWCY]&lt;/ref&gt; Lev tutčas se odnosi k [[Bezzaščitny vid|bezzaščitnym vidam]]. Odbylo se sniženje afrikanskoj poulacije  ob  30–50% za dva desetilětja vtoroj poloviny 20. stolětja.&lt;ref name=&quot;IUCN&quot; /&gt; Izgubjenje [[Srěda obyvanja|domoviny]] i konflikty s člověkom sut glavnymi pričinami bezpokojnosti.

Lva često nazyvajut &quot;car zvěrev &quot;. Lvi sut [[simbol]]om [[Odvaga|odvagy]]. Oni česteje vseh životin objavjajut se v [[Heraldika|heraldikě]]. Oni sut [[Ikona|ikonoju]] odvagy i carstvennosti.

Lvi v dikoj prirodě živut od 10 do 14 lět. V nevolě oni doživajut nad 20 lět, samci v prirodě obyčno ne živut vyše 10 lět, to jest vslěd ran od bitok s drugymi samcami, ktore skračajut jih život.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Smuts |first=G.L. |year=1982 |title=Lion|publisher=Macmillian |location=Johannesburg |page=231|isbn= 0-86954-122-6}}&lt;/ref&gt; Oni živut v [[savana]]h i prerijah, gde takože sut drěva, ale lvi sut glavno adaptovani loviti žrtv v travě. Na razliku od ostalyh kotovyh, lvi sut socialni. Skupina lvov zove se '''prajd''', vo ktory vhodet rodstvenne samice, jihne mladata i jedin či dva dorastlyh samca. Grupa samic obyčno lovi zajedno.

Lvi sut [[Mesožerec|mesožerci]] i [[mršejed]]i.&lt;ref name = &quot;Schaller213&quot; /&gt; Oni sut [[vrhni predatori]] i stojet na vrhu [[Jedalna mrěža|jedalnoj mrěže]].&lt;ref name=AWF&gt;&gt;{{Cite web | title = Behavior and Diet | work = African Wildlife Foundation website | publisher = African Wildlife Foundation | year = 1996 | url =http://www.awf.org/wildlife-conservation/lion | access-date =14 June 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lvi poživjajut se [[Kopytne|kopytnymi životinami]] malogo razměra, takymi kako [[Gazela Tomsona|gazely Tomsona]], [[bradavočnik]]y, sine [[Antilopa-gnu|antilopy-gnu]], ravninne [[Zebra|zebry]], afrikanske [[byvol]]i i [[Antilopa-kana|antilopy-kany]]. Lvi žrut mrše životin umrlyh od prirodnyh pričin (hvorob) ili ubityh inymi [[predator]]ami. Oni vsegda slědet za [[Sup (ptica)|supami]], ktore lětajut krugami, kogda v blizkosti sut mrtve ili ranjene životiny.&lt;ref name = &quot;Schaller213&quot;&gt;{{-|Schaller, George B. 1972. ''The Serengeti lion: a study of predator–prey relations''. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, p. 213.. ISBN 0-226-73639-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Etimologija==
Medžuslovjansko slovo ''lev'' jest tipično za vse slovjanske jezyky i jest svezano s [[Latinsky jezyk|latinskym]] {{Lang|la|leō}} i s [[Grečsky jezyk|drěvnogrečskym]] {{Lang|grc|λέων}} {{-|(''léōn'')}}. [[Hebrejsky jezyk|Hebrejsko]] slovo {{Lang|he|לָבִיא}} {{-|(''lavi'')}} može takože byti svezanym.&lt;ref&gt;{{-| &quot;lion&quot;. Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. Retrieved 20 March 2022. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nazva roda {{-|''Panthera''}} jest slovom iz klasičnogo latinskogo jezyka {{Lang|la|panthēra}}, ktoro jest klonom drěvnogrečskoro slova {{Lang|grc|πάνθηρ}} {{-|(''pánthēr'')}} 'pantera'.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last1=Liddell, H. G. |last2=Scott, R.  |year=1940 |chapter=πάνθηρ |chapter-url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2377441 |title=A Greek-English Lexicon |edition=Revised and augmented |location=Oxford |publisher=Clarendon Press |access-date=20 February 2021 |archive-date=11 April 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080411203109/http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2377441 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Adaptacija ==
Lvi imajut arhetipičny rev, ktory oni koristajut za komunikaciju s drugymi členami prajda i za ostrěženje raznyh zagrabnikov o granicah svoej [[Ozemja|ozemji]].

U nih sut dolge vtegajeme nogte, ktore pomagajut lvam hvatati i držati žrtvy. oni imajut gruby jezyk, ktory pomagaje sdirati kožu životnyh žrtv od mesa i meso od kostij. Vokrug brjuha oni imajut volnu kožu, ktora dozvoljaje jim pri udarah kopytami od žrtv imati minimalne šansy na poranjenje.

== Opisanje ==
Vsego okolo 30,000 lvov jest ostalo v dikoj prirodě v Afrikě. V Aziji ostalo toliko okolo 350 lvov ([[Vid (biologija)|podvid]] [[Aziatsky lev]]). Oni živut glavno v lěsu Gir&lt;ref name=&quot;Gir&quot;&gt;Několiko [[ogroženyh]] lvov žive v Narodnom parku Gir v [[Indija|Indiji]]. {{Cite web|title=Gir National Park Website|url=https://girlion.gujarat.gov.in|access-date=2020-02-15|website=Gir National Park|location=Gujarat, India}}&lt;/ref&gt; vo štatu [[Gudžarat (štat v Indiji)|Gudžarat]] v [[Indija|Indiji]].

Lvi lovet mnoge životiny kako [[Antilopa-gnu|gnu]] i [[Antilopa|antilopy]]. [[Samec (biologija)|Samcy]] lva važet obyčno medžu 150 i 250 kg. Velike lvi dosegajut vagy od 250 do 270 kg. [[Samica (biologija)|Samice]] (ljvice) sut obyčajno od 120 do 182 kg.&lt;ref name=&quot;nowak&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Nowak |first= Ronald M. |year=1999 |title=Walker's Mammals of the World |url=https://archive.org/details/walkersmammalsof0001nowa |location=Baltimore |publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press |isbn=0-8018-5789-9}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dorastle samcy lva sut jedine kotove, ktore imajut grivu. Lev imaje dolgo tělo, kratke nogy, velike nogte, veliku glavu i žoltovato-koričnevu šubu. Oni takože imajut dolgy hvost.

== Povedenje ==
Lvi živut v grupah nazyvanyh prajdy, vo ktoryh byvaje od 10 do 40 lvov. Každy prajd imeje svoju domašnu ozemju (teritoriju). Lvi ne dozvoljajut drugym mesožercam (životinam-predatoram) loviti na svojej teritoriji, ktora možet dosegati až 260 km².

Lviny rev jest unikalnym u každogo lva. On koristaje se za ostraženje drugyh lvov iz sosednyh prajdov (ili lvov-jedincev). Tak dělajut i [[Konkurencija|konkurenčni]] samci: druge samci prizyvajut [[Alfa samec|alfa-samca]] prajda na bitku zato by prěvzali pravo [[Dominacija|dominacije]] ako by pobedžali. Lvi obyčno imajut prajdy s cěljem usiljenja svojego vida črez generacije.&lt;ref&gt;{{-|R. Boothalingam, Optimization using lion algorithm: A biological inspiration from lion’s social behavior, Evolutionary Intelligence 11 (1–2) (2018) 31–52.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Lvi ne sut stvoreni na veliku bystrost kako napriklad [[Pantera|pantery]], ale lovet grupami. Za kotovyh to ne jest tipično. Za prajd lovet obyčno samicy, ale samci mogut poněkogda pomagati ako to jest potrěbno, da by položiti velikih zvěrov kako buvol ili [[žirafa]]. Po tom kako lvi položet žrtvu, ju dušet kusanjem za lice da by žrtva ne mogla dyhati. Lvi imajut dolge vtegajeme nogte, ktore činet kako haky, da by udrživali žrtvu. Lvi sut svirepi stvory.

Ačekoli lev jest silny v ubivanju žrtv, on ne jest medžu najvvyše nebezpečnymi za člověka životinami.&lt;ref name=not&gt;{{Cite web|title=Top 10 Most Dangerous Animals In The World|url=http://www.conservationinstitute.org/top-10-dangerous-animals-in-the-world/|publisher=Conservation Institute|access-date=24 October 2015|date=28 April 2015|archive-date=20 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151020032416/http://www.conservationinstitute.org/top-10-dangerous-animals-in-the-world}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Lvi takože imajut mnogo raznyh [[glas]]ov i [[zvuk]]ov. Medžu nimi sut vrčanje, rev, skripěnje zubami, grohtanje, predenje, stonanje i velmi često naglo rvenje. Nektore revy sut izkoristane v kinah.

== Razmnoženje ==
Ljvica jest gotova imeti mladeta ako li ona jest vo věku 2–3 lět. Levje mladeta nayzvajut se '''ljveta'''. Lvjeta narodet se po 3½ měsecah, oni se narodet slepymi; jihne oči ne otvarjaut se dopoka oni ne dosegnut věka sedmicy, i dalje ne mogut videti ješče do věka okolo dvoh sedmic. Lvi ne imajut brlog (legovišče) gde by oni sut žili dolgy čas. Ljvica ukryvaje ljveta v gustyh kustah, jarah ili skalnyh izstupah. Ako li město hovanja bylo viděno inymi predatorami, ljvica preněse ljvet na novo město ukryvanja. Ljveta budut prědstavjeny v prajdu priblizno vo věku 6 sedmic. Ljveta sut velmi bezzaščitne, kogda ljvica izhodi na lov i musi nehati ljvat samih. Takože, kogda prajd prěhodi od jednogo samca do drugogo, on obyčno ubivaje vseh ljvet. Jihne materi budut potom sparivati se novym samcom prajda, čto označaje, že dalši ljveta uže budut vsi jego potomkami. Narodi se vsego 2-6 ljvet. Obyčno, toliko 1-2 ljve prěživaje do prědstavjenja prajdu, čto jest momnentom, od ktorogo jih bude hraniti cěly prajd.

V zoologičnyh parkah lvi mogut sjedinjati se s [[tigr]]ami. Jestli roditelje sut samec lva i samica tigra, potomka nazyvajut [[ligr]]. Jestliže roditelje sut samec tigra i samica lva, potomka budut nazyvati [[tiglev]].

== Lvi v heradikě ==
Lev pojavjaje se v [[Heraldika|heraldikě]] vyše često, než vsaky ostaly zvěr. Lvi tradično [[Simbolizm|simbolizujut]] [[Odvaga|odvagu]], [[hrabrost]] i [[car]]stvennost. Sut na [[gerb]]ah [[Bulgarija|Bulgarije]], [[Čehija|Čehije]], [[Črna Gora|Črne Gory]], [[Rumunija|Rumunije]], [[Latvija|Latvije]], [[Estonija|Estonije]], [[Gruzija|Gruzije]], [[Armenija|Armenije]], i drugyh [[Država|držav]].

== Referencije ==
{{Iztočniky}}

== Vnešnje linky ==
{{Prěvod|en|Lion}}
{{Prěvod|simple|Lion}}

[[Kategorija:Zvěri]]
[[Kategorija:Kotovi]]</text>
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    <title>Sravniteljna tabela kiriličnyh alfabetov</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>1745</id>
    <revision>
      <id>45035</id>
      <parentid>44615</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-02T21:51:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>45035</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="176014" sha1="fg0mqlcoxkhwmn9tuj8orynrzk9imkm" xml:space="preserve">'''[[Kirilica]]''' jest [[alfabet]], ktorym posluživaje se [[Spisok jezykov upotrěbjajučih kirilicu|mnogo slovjanskyh i neslovjanskyh jezykov]] govorjenyh v [[Rosija|Rosiji]] i drugyh republikah byvšego [[Sovětsky sojuz|Sovětskogo sojuza]], a takože v južnovozhodnoj Evropě i v [[Mongolija|Mongoliji]]. Vslěd raznolikosti tutyh jezykov, ona jestvuje v mnogyh različnyh variantah, često s dopolniteljnymi bukvami, napriklad: ligatury, bukvy s diakritičnymi znakami ili sovsim nove bukvy, odsutne v [[Slovjanske jezyky|slovjanskyh jezykah]].

Tuta tabela sodrživaje vse bukvy koristane v dnešnjih i historičnyh kiriličnyh alfabetah od 19. stolětja (t.j. poslě vvedenju [[Gradžanka|gradžanky]]). Ona jest sostavjena tako, že vsaka bukva [[Russky jezyk|russkoj]] azbuky imaje jednu ili dvě (rědko tri) kolony. Lěva kolona oprěděljenoj bukvy sodrživaje tuže samu bukvu, prava sodrživaje varianty. Napriklad: lěva kolona imaje bukvu '''{{-|г}}''', prava bukvy '''{{-|ґ}}''', '''{{-|ѓ}}''' i tako dalje. Někoje bukvy sut podane kako varianty, ačekoli ne sut bezporědno osnovane na bukvě v lěvoj koloně; napriklad: '''{{-|ђ}}''' (v latinici: '''{{-|đ}}''') nahodi se koloně s variantami bukvy '''{{-|д}}'''.

Ačekoli někoje slovjanske alfabety takože vključajut dvuznaky (napr. '''{{-|дж}}''', '''{{-|нь}}''', '''{{-|аъ}}''', '''{{-|гӀ}}'''), take kombinacije bukv ne sut vključene v tabelah niže.

== Slovjanske jezyky ==
{| class=wikitable style=&quot;font-family:Cambria; font-size:11pt; font-weight:bold;&quot;
|+ [[Slovjanske jezyky]]
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[А (kirilica)|А]] !! [[Б]] !! [[В (kirilica)|В]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Г]] !! [[Д]] !! [[Ђ]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] !! [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] !! [[Ж]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[З]] !! [[И]] !! [[І (kirilica)|І]] !! [[Ї (kirilica)|Ї]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Й]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[К (kirilica)|К]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Л]] !! [[М (kirilica)|М]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[О (kirilica)|О]] !! [[П]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[С (kirilica)|С]] !! [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] !! [[Ћ]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[У (kirilica)|У]] !! [[Ф]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] !! [[Ц]] !! [[Ч]] !! [[Џ]] !! [[Ш]] !! [[Щ]] !! [[Ъ]] !! [[Ы]] !! [[Ь]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Э]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ю]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Я]] !! [[Ѣ]] !! [[Ѧ]] !! [[Ѫ]] !! [[Ѳ]] !! [[Ѵ]] !! dr.
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! [[Bělorussky jezyk|Bělorussky]]
! suč.
| [[А (kirilica)|А]] || || [[Б]] || [[В (kirilica)|В]] || [[Г]] || || [[Д]] || || [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || || [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] || [[Ж]] || [[З]] || || || [[І (kirilica)|І]] || || [[Й]] || || [[К (kirilica)|К]] || || [[Л]] || || [[М (kirilica)|М]] || [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || || [[О (kirilica)|О]] || || [[П]] || [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || || [[С (kirilica)|С]] || || [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || || [[У (kirilica)|У]] || [[Ў]] || [[Ф]] || [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || || [[Ц]] || [[Ч]] || || [[Ш]] || || || [[Ы]] || [[Ь]] || [[Э]] || || [[Ю]] || || [[Я]] || || || || || || || [[’|’]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Bulgarsky jezyk|Bulgarsky]]
! suč.
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[А (kirilica)|А]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Б]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[В (kirilica)|В]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Г]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Д]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ж]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[З]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[И]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Й]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[К (kirilica)|К]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Л]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[М (kirilica)|М]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[О (kirilica)|О]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[П]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[С (kirilica)|С]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[У (kirilica)|У]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ф]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ц]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ч]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ш]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Щ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ъ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ь]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ю]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Я]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! hist.
| [[Ѣ]] || [[Ѫ]] [[Ѭ]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! [[Črnogorsky jezyk|Črnogorsky]]
! suč.
| [[А (kirilica)|А]] || || [[Б]] || [[В (kirilica)|В]] || [[Г]] || || [[Д]] || [[Ђ]] || [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || || || [[Ж]] || [[З]] || [[З́]] || [[И]] || || || || [[Ј (kirilica)|Ј]] || [[К (kirilica)|К]] || || [[Л]] || [[Љ]] || [[М (kirilica)|М]] || [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || [[Њ]] || [[О (kirilica)|О]] || || [[П]] || [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || || [[С (kirilica)|С]] || [[С́]] || [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || [[Ћ]] || [[У (kirilica)|У]] || || [[Ф]] || [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || || [[Ц]] || [[Ч]] || [[Џ]] || [[Ш]] || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! [[Makedonsky jezyk|Makedonsky]]
! suč.
| [[А (kirilica)|А]] || || [[Б]] || [[В (kirilica)|В]] || [[Г]] || [[Ѓ]] || [[Д]] || || [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || || || [[Ж]] || [[З]] || [[Ѕ]] || [[И]] || || || || [[Ј (kirilica)|Ј]] || [[К (kirilica)|К]] || [[Ќ]] || [[Л]] || [[Љ]] || [[М (kirilica)|М]] || [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || [[Њ]] || [[О (kirilica)|О]] || || [[П]] || [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || || [[С (kirilica)|С]] || || [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || || [[У (kirilica)|У]] || || [[Ф]] || [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || || [[Ц]] || [[Ч]] || [[Џ]] || [[Ш]] || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! [[Panonsko-rusinsky jezyk|Panonsko-rusinsky]]
! suč.
| [[А (kirilica)|А]] || || [[Б]] || [[В (kirilica)|В]] || [[Г]] || [[Ґ]] || [[Д]] || || [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || [[Є]] || || [[Ж]] || [[З]] || || [[И]] || || [[Ї (kirilica)|Ї]] || [[Й]] || || [[К (kirilica)|К]] || || [[Л]] || || [[М (kirilica)|М]] || [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || || [[О (kirilica)|О]] || || [[П]] || [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || || [[С (kirilica)|С]] || || [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || || [[У (kirilica)|У]] || || [[Ф]] || [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || || [[Ц]] || [[Ч]] || || [[Ш]] || [[Щ]] || || || [[Ь]] || || || [[Ю]] || || [[Я]] || || || || || || || [[’|’]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! [[Poljsky jezyk|Poljsky]]
! hist.
| [[А (kirilica)|А]] || [[А̨]] || [[Б]] || [[В (kirilica)|В]] || [[Г]] || || [[Д]] || || [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || [[Е̨]] || [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] || [[Ж]] || [[З]] || || [[И]] || [[І (kirilica)|І]] || || [[Й]] || || [[К (kirilica)|К]] || || [[Л]] || || [[М (kirilica)|М]] || [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || || [[О (kirilica)|О]] || [[О̂]] || [[П]] || [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || [[Р̌]] || [[С (kirilica)|С]] || || [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || || [[У (kirilica)|У]] || || [[Ф]] || [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || [[Х̾]] || [[Ц]] || [[Ч]] || || [[Ш]] || [[Щ]] || [[Ъ]] || [[Ы]] || [[Ь]] || [[Э]] || [[Э̨]] || [[Ю]] || [[Ю̂]] || [[Я]] || [[Я̨]] || || || || || ||
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | [[Rusinsky jezyk|Rusinsky]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book | url = https://theses.gla.ac.uk/2781/1/2011BaptieMPhil-1.pdf | title = Issues in Rusyn language standardisation | first = Gavin | last = Baptie | publisher = University of Glasgow | language = en | pages = 127}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web | url = https://www.rueportal.eu/grammatica/grammar/azbuka/ | title = Карпаторусинська азбука | website = Rueportal.eu | language = rue | access-date = 2025-10-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;
! {{Alt|lemk.|Lemkovsky dialekt}}
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | [[А (kirilica)|А]] || rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | [[Б]] || rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | [[В (kirilica)|В]] || rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | [[Г]] || rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | [[Ґ]] || rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | [[Д]] || rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | [[Є]] || || rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | [[Ж]] || rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | [[З]] || rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | [[И]] || rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | [[І (kirilica)|І]] || || rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | [[Й]] || rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | [[К (kirilica)|К]] || rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | [[Л]] || rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | [[М (kirilica)|М]] || rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | [[О (kirilica)|О]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | [[П]] || rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | [[С (kirilica)|С]] || rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | [[У (kirilica)|У]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | [[Ф]] || rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | [[Ц]] || rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | [[Ч]] || rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | [[Ш]] || rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | [[Щ]] || rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | [[Ъ]] || rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | [[Ы]] || rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | [[Ь]] || rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | [[Ю]] || rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | [[Я]] || rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | 
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! {{Alt|preš.|Prešovsky dialekt}}
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Ї (kirilica)|Ї]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! {{Alt|zak.|Zakarpatsky dialekt}}
| [[О̄]] || [[Ӯ]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! hist.
| || || [[Ѣ]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Russky jezyk|Russky]]
! suč.
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[А (kirilica)|А]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Б]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[В (kirilica)|В]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Г]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Д]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ж]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[З]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[И]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Й]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[К (kirilica)|К]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Л]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[М (kirilica)|М]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[О (kirilica)|О]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[П]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[С (kirilica)|С]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[У (kirilica)|У]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ф]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ц]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ч]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ш]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Щ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ъ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ы]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ь]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Э]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ю]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Я]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! hist.
| [[І (kirilica)|І]] || [[Ѣ]] || [[Ѳ]] || [[Ѵ]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Srbsky jezyk|Srbsky]]
! suč.
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[А (kirilica)|А]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Б]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[В (kirilica)|В]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Г]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Д]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ђ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ж]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[З]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[И]] || || || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ј (kirilica)|Ј]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[К (kirilica)|К]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Л]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Љ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[М (kirilica)|М]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Њ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[О (kirilica)|О]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[П]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[С (kirilica)|С]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ћ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[У (kirilica)|У]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ф]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ц]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ч]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Џ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ш]] || || || || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! hist.
| [[Є]] || [[І (kirilica)|І]] || [[Ї (kirilica)|Ї]] || [[Й]] || [[Щ]] || [[Ъ]] || [[Ы]] || [[Ь]] || [[Ю]] || [[Я]] || [[Ѣ]] || [[Ѳ]] || [[Ѵ]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ukrajinsky jezyk|Ukrajinsky]]
! suč.
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[А (kirilica)|А]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Б]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[В (kirilica)|В]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Г]] || [[Ґ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Д]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || [[Є]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ж]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[З]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || [[И]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[І (kirilica)|І]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ї (kirilica)|Ї]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Й]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[К (kirilica)|К]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Л]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[М (kirilica)|М]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[О (kirilica)|О]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[П]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[С (kirilica)|С]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[У (kirilica)|У]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ф]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ц]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ч]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ш]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Щ]] || || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ь]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ю]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Я]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || || || [[’|’]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! hist.
| [[G]] || [[Е̂]] || [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] || [[И̂]] || [[Ј (kirilica)|Ј]] || [[О̂]] || [[Ў]] || [[Џ]] || [[Ъ]] || [[Ы]] || [[Э]] || [[Ѣ]] || [[Ѳ]] || [[Ѵ]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! [[Zapadnopolessky jezyk|Zapadnopolessky]]
! suč.
| [[А (kirilica)|А]] || || [[Б]] || [[В (kirilica)|В]] || [[Г]] || [[Ґ]] || [[Д]] || || [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || || [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] || [[Ж]] || [[З]] || || [[И]] || [[І (kirilica)|І]] || || || [[Ј (kirilica)|Ј]] || [[К (kirilica)|К]] || || [[Л]] || || [[М (kirilica)|М]] || [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || || [[О (kirilica)|О]] || || [[П]] || [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || || [[С (kirilica)|С]] || || [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || || [[У (kirilica)|У]] || || [[Ф]] || [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || || [[Ц]] || [[Ч]] || || [[Ш]] || || || [[Ы]] || [[Ь]] || [[Э]] || || [[Ю]] || || [[Я]] || || || || || || ||
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | [[Medžuslovjansky jezyk|Medžuslovjansky]]
! suč.
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | [[А (kirilica)|А]] || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | [[Б]] || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | [[В (kirilica)|В]] || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | [[Г]] || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | [[Д]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || [[Є]] || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | [[Ж]] || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | [[З]] || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | [[И]] || || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | || || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | [[Ј (kirilica)|Ј]] || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | [[К (kirilica)|К]] || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | [[Л]] || [[Љ]] || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | [[М (kirilica)|М]] || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || [[Њ]] || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | [[О (kirilica)|О]] || || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | [[П]] || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | [[С (kirilica)|С]] || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | [[У (kirilica)|У]] || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | [[Ф]] || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | [[Ц]] || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | [[Ч]] || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | [[Ш]] || || || rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | [[Ы]] || || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | || || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | || || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | || || || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! {{Alt|nsl.|Novoslověnsky}}
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | || [[І (kirilica)|І]] || [[Й]] || rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | || [[Ѡ]] || [[Щ]] || [[Ъ]] || rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | [[Ь]] || [[Ю]] || [[Ѣ]] || [[Ѳ]] || [[Ѵ]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! [[Slovianski|{{Alt|slov.|Slovianski}}]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | || || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | 
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! [[Božidar Raič|Raič]]
| [[Ђ]] || [[Ћ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ѣ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ѧ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ѫ]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! [[Matija Majar-Ziljski|Majar]]
| || || [[І (kirilica)|І]] || ||
|}

== Druge indoevropejske jezyky ==
{| class=wikitable style=&quot;font-family:Cambria; font-size:11pt; font-weight:bold;&quot;
|+ Druge [[indoevropejske jezyky]] ([[Baltičske jezyky|baltičske]], [[Indoiranske jezyky|indoiranske]] i [[Romanske jezyky|romanske]])
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[А (kirilica)|А]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Б]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[В (kirilica)|В]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Г]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Д]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] !! [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ж]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[З]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[И]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Й]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[К (kirilica)|К]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Л]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[М (kirilica)|М]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[О (kirilica)|О]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[П]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[С (kirilica)|С]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[У (kirilica)|У]] !! [[Ф]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ц]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ч]] !! [[Џ]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ш]] !! [[Щ]] !! [[Ъ]] !! [[Ы]] !! [[Ь]] !! [[Э]] !! [[Ю]] !! [[Я]] !! dr.
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! [[Latyšsky jezyk|Latyšsky]]
! hist.
| [[А (kirilica)|А]] || [[А̂]] || [[Б]] || || [[В (kirilica)|В]] || || [[Г]] || || [[Д]] || || [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || [[Е̂]] || || [[Ж]] || || [[З]] || || [[И]] || [[І (kirilica)|І]] || || || [[К (kirilica)|К]] || || [[Л]] || || [[М (kirilica)|М]] || || [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || || [[О (kirilica)|О]] || [[О̂]] || [[П]] || || [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || || [[С (kirilica)|С]] || || [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || || [[У (kirilica)|У]] || [[У̂]] [[Ў]] || || || || [[Ц]] || || [[Ч]] || || || [[Ш]] || || [[Щ]] || || || [[Ь]] || [[Э]] || [[Ю]] || [[Я]] || [[Ѣ]] 
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! [[Litovsky jezyk|Litovsky]]
! hist.
| [[А (kirilica)|А]] || [[А̄]] || [[Б]] || [[Б́]] || [[В (kirilica)|В]] || || [[Г]] || [[Г̀]] || [[Д]] || [[Д́]] || [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || [[Е̇]] [[Е̂]] || || [[Ж]] || || [[З]] || || [[И]] || [[И̂]] [[І (kirilica)|І]] [[І̄̀]] [[І́]] || [[Й]] || [[Ј (kirilica)|Ј]] || [[К (kirilica)|К]] || [[К̀]] || [[Л]] || [[Љ]] || [[М (kirilica)|М]] || [[М̀]] || [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || [[Њ]] [[Н̨]] || [[О (kirilica)|О]] || [[О̂]] || [[П]] || [[П̀]] || [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || [[Р̀]] || [[С (kirilica)|С]] || [[С̀]] || [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || [[Т́]] || [[У (kirilica)|У]] || [[Ў]] [[Ӯ]] [[У̊]] || [[Ф]] || [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || || [[Ц]] || || [[Ч]] || || || [[Ш]] || || [[Щ]] || [[Ъ]] || [[Ы]] || [[Ь]] || [[Э]] || [[Ю]] || [[Я]] || [[Ѣ]] [[Ѳ]] [[Ѵ]]&lt;br /&gt;[[’|’]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Romsky jezyk|Cygansky (romsky)]]
! suč.
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[А (kirilica)|А]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Б]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[В (kirilica)|В]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Г]] || [[Ғ]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Д]] || || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | || [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Ж]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[З]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[И]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | || [[Й]] || || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[К (kirilica)|К]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Л]] || || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[М (kirilica)|М]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[О (kirilica)|О]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[П]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[С (kirilica)|С]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[У (kirilica)|У]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Ф]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Ц]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Ч]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | || || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Ш]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | || || [[Ы]] || [[Ь]] || [[Э]] || [[Ю]] || [[Я]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! {{Alt|srb.|V srbiji}}
| || [[Ђ]] || || || [[Ј (kirilica)|Ј]] || [[Љ]] || [[Њ]] || [[Ћ]] || [[Џ]] || [[Ъ]] || || || || ||
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! hist.
| [[Ґ]] || || [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] || [[Й]] || || || || || || || [[Ы]] || [[Ь]] || [[Э]] || [[Ю]] || [[Я]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! [[Beludžsky jezyk|Beludžsky]]
! hist.
| [[А (kirilica)|А]] || [[А̄]] || [[Б]] || || [[В (kirilica)|В]] || || [[Г]] || [[Ғ]] || [[Д]] || [[Д̨]] || [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || || [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] || [[Ж]] || [[Җ]] || [[З]] || || [[И]] || [[Ӣ]] || [[Й]] || || [[К (kirilica)|К]] || [[Қ]] || [[Л]] || || [[М (kirilica)|М]] || || [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || || [[О (kirilica)|О]] || [[О̄]] || [[П]] || || [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || [[Ꝑ]] || [[С (kirilica)|С]] || || [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || [[Prěčrtnuto Т|&lt;s&gt;Т&lt;/s&gt;]] || [[У (kirilica)|У]] || [[Ӯ]] || [[Ф]] || [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || [[Ҳ]] || [[Ц]] || || [[Ч]] || || || [[Ш]] || || [[Щ]] || [[Ъ]] || || [[Ь]] || [[Э]] || [[Ю]] || [[Я]] ||
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Gorsko-jevrejsky jezyk|Gorsko-jevrejsky]]
! suč.
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[А (kirilica)|А]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Б]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[В (kirilica)|В]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Г]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Д]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || [[Ә]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[З]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[И]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Й]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[К (kirilica)|К]] || [[Ҝ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Л]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[М (kirilica)|М]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[О (kirilica)|О]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[П]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[С (kirilica)|С]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || [[Ћ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[У (kirilica)|У]] || [[Ү]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ф]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || [[Һ]] [[Ԧ]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ч]] || [[Ҹ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ш]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || || || || || || || ||
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! hist.
| || [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] || || || || || [[Ц]] || || [[Щ]] || [[Ъ]] || [[Ы]] || [[Ь]] || [[Э]] || [[Ю]] || [[Я]] || [[Ӏ]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! [[Hufsky jezyk|Hufsky]]
! hist.
| [[А (kirilica)|А]] || [[А̄]] [[Ӕ]] || [[Б]] || || [[В (kirilica)|В]] || [[В̌]] || [[Г]] || [[Ғ]] [[Ғ̌]] || [[Д]] || [[Д̌]] || [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || || || || [[Ж̣]] || [[З]] || [[З̌]] || [[И]] || [[Ӣ]] || [[Й]] || || [[К (kirilica)|К]] || [[Қ]] || [[Л]] || || [[М (kirilica)|М]] || || [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || || [[О (kirilica)|О]] || [[О̄]] || [[П]] || || [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || || [[С (kirilica)|С]] || || [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || [[Т̌]] || [[У]] || [[Ӯ]] [[У̊]] || [[Ф]] || [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || [[Х̌]] || [[Ц]] || || [[Ч]] || [[Ҷ]] || || [[Ш]] || || || || || || [[Э]] || || ||
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Iškašimsky jezyk|Iškašimsky]]
! {{Alt|Lat.|Latifov, 2019 g.}}
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[А (kirilica)|А]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Б]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[В (kirilica)|В]] || [[В̌]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Г]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Ғ]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Д]] || [[Д̈]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ә]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Ж]] || [[Җ]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[З]] || || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[И]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Й]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[К (kirilica)|К]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Қ]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Л]] || || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[М (kirilica)|М]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[О (kirilica)|О]] || [[О̃]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[П]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[С (kirilica)|С]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || [[Т̈]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[У (kirilica)|У]] || || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Ф]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Ц]] || [[Ц̌]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Ч]] || [[Ҷ]] [[Ӵ]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Ш]] || || [[Щ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || [[Э]] || [[Ю]] || [[Я]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | 
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! {{Alt|Naz.|Nazarova i Nazarov, 2019 g.}}
| [[Ԝ]] || [[Д̣]] || [[Ж̣]] || [[Ӡ]] || [[Л̣]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || [[Т̣]] || [[У̊]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || [[Ҷ]] [[Ч̣]] || [[Ш̣]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! {{Alt|Kar.|Karamšojev, 1992 g.}}
| || ||  || || || || || || [[Ҷ]] || || [[Ъ]] || [[Ь]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Jagnobsky jezyk|Jagnobsky]]
! suč.
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[А (kirilica)|А]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Б]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[В (kirilica)|В]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Г]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ғ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Д]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ж]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[З]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[И]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ӣ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Й]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[К (kirilica)|К]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Қ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Л]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[М (kirilica)|М]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[О (kirilica)|О]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[П]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[С (kirilica)|С]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[У (kirilica)|У]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ӯ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ф]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ҳ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ч]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ҷ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ш]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! hist.
| [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] || [[Ю]] || [[Я]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Jazgulamsky jezyk|Jazgulamsky]]
! suč.
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[А (kirilica)|А]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[А̄]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Б]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[В (kirilica)|В]] || [[В̌]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Г]] || [[Г̊]] [[Ѓ]] [[Ғ]] [[Ғ̊]] [[Ғ̌]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Д]] || [[Д̌]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ә]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ж]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[З]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[И]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Й]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[К (kirilica)|К]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[К̊]] [[Ќ]] [[Қ]] [[Қ̊]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Л]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[М (kirilica)|М]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[О (kirilica)|О]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[П]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[С (kirilica)|С]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Т̌]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[У (kirilica)|У]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ф]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || [[Х̊]] [[Ӿ]] [[Ӿ̊]] [[Ҳ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ц]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ч]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ҷ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ш]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | ||
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! st.v. 
| [[В̌]] [[Ԝ]] || [[ɣ̌]] || [[Δ]] || [[Ӡ]] || [[У̊]] || [[Х̌]] [[Х̌˚]] || [[Θ]] [[˚|˚]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! [[Kurdsky jezyk|Kurdsky]]
! suč.
| [[А (kirilica)|А]] || || [[Б]] || || [[В (kirilica)|В]] || [[Ԝ]] || [[Г]] || [[Гʼ]] || [[Д]] || || [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || [[Ә]] [[Әʼ]] || || [[Ж]] || || [[З]] || || [[И]] || || [[Й]] || || [[К (kirilica)|К]] || [[Кʼ]] [[Ԛ]] || [[Л]] || || [[М (kirilica)|М]] || || [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || || [[О (kirilica)|О]] || [[Ӧ]] || [[П]] || [[Пʼ]] || [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || [[Рʼ]] || [[С (kirilica)|С]] || || [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || [[Тʼ]] || [[У (kirilica)|У]] || || [[Ф]] || [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || [[Һ]] [[Һʼ]] || || || [[Ч]] || [[Чʼ]] || || [[Ш]] || || [[Щ]] || || || [[Ь]] || [[Э]] || || ||
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Osetinsky jezyk|Osetinsky]]
! suč.
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[А (kirilica)|А]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ӕ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Б]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[В (kirilica)|В]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Г]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Д]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ж]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[З]] || || [[И]] || || [[Й]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[К (kirilica)|К]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Л]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[М (kirilica)|М]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[О (kirilica)|О]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[П]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[С (kirilica)|С]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[У (kirilica)|У]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ф]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ц]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ч]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ш]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Щ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ъ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ы]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ь]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Э]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ю]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Я]] ||
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! hist.
| [[Ҕ]] [[Г̀]] [[G]] || [[Д̀]] [[Ꚉ]] [[Ԫ]] [[д҄ж]] [[д҄з]] [[д҄ц]] [[д҄ч]] || [[Е́]] || [[Z]] || || [[І (kirilica)|І]] || || [[Ј (kirilica)|Ј]] || [[Ӄ]] [[К̀]] [[Ӄ̀]] [[к҄г]] [[к҄х]] [[Ԛ]] || [[Ң]] || [[Ӧ]] || [[Ҧ]] || [[Т̀]] [[Ꚋ]] || [[Ӯ]] [[Ў]] || [[Fajl:Cyrillic_capital_letter_Shha_with_hook.svg|10px]] || [[Ҵ]] || [[Ꚓ]] || [[Ѵ]] [[Ѡ]] [[Ѵ]] 
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! [[Rušansky jezyk|Rušansky]]
! suč.
| [[А (kirilica)|А]] || [[А̄]] || [[Б]] || || [[В (kirilica)|В]] || [[В̌]] || [[Г]] || [[Г̌]] [[Ғ]] || [[Д]] || [[Д̌]] || [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || || || [[Ж]] || || [[З]] || [[Ҙ]] || [[И]] || [[Ӣ]] || [[Й]] || || [[К (kirilica)|К]] || [[Қ]] || [[Л]] || || [[М (kirilica)|М]] || || [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || || [[О (kirilica)|О]] || [[О̄]] || [[П]] || || [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || || [[С (kirilica)|С]] || || [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || [[Т̌]] || [[У (kirilica)|У]] || [[Ӯ]] [[У̊]] || [[Ф]] || [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || [[Х̌]] || [[Ц]] || || [[Ч]] || [[Ҷ]] || || [[Ш]] || || || || || || || || ||
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Šugnansky jezyk|Šugnansky]]
! suč.
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[А (kirilica)|А]] || [[А̄]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Б]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[В (kirilica)|В]] || [[В̌]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Г]] || [[Ғ]] [[Г̌]] [[Ғ̌]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Д]] || [[Д̌]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || || [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ж]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[З]] || [[З̌]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[И]] || [[Ӣ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Й]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[К (kirilica)|К]] || [[Қ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Л]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[М (kirilica)|М]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[О (kirilica)|О]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[П]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[С (kirilica)|С]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || [[Т̌]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[У (kirilica)|У]] || [[Ӯ]] [[У̊]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ф]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || [[Ҳ]] [[Х̌]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ц]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ч]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ҷ]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ш]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ъ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Э]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | ||
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! hist. 
| [[А̄]] [[Ӓ]] [[А̱]] || [[Ԝ]] || [[Ҕ]] || [[Δ]] || [[Е̂]] [[Ẹ]] [[Е̄]] [[Е̱]] || || [[Ӡ]] || [[І (kirilica)|І]] || [[Ј (kirilica)|Ј]] [[Ɉ]] || [[Қ]] [[Fajl:Cyrillic capital letter Ka with ascender.svg|12px]] || [[Ң]] || [[Ọ]] [[О (kirilica)|О]] [[О̄]] [[Ӧ]] || || [[Ӱ]] || [[Х̀]] [[Һ]] || [[Џ]] || [[Ш̀]] || [[Θ]] [[Þ]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Tadžiksky jezyk|Tadžiksky]]
! suč.
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[А (kirilica)|А]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Б]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[В (kirilica)|В]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Г]] || [[Ғ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Д]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ж]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[З]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[И]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ӣ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Й]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[К (kirilica)|К]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Қ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Л]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[М (kirilica)|М]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[О (kirilica)|О]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[П]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[С (kirilica)|С]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[У (kirilica)|У]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ӯ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ф]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ҳ]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ч]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ҷ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ш]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ъ]] || || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Э]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ю]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Я]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! hist.
| [[Ӷ]] || [[Ц]] || [[Щ]] || [[Ы]] || [[Ь]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! [[Talyšsky jezyk|Talyšsky]]
! suč.
| [[А (kirilica)|А]] || || [[Б]] || || [[В (kirilica)|В]] || || [[Г]] || [[Ғ]] || [[Д]] || || [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || [[Ә]] || || [[Ж]] || || [[З]] || || [[И]] || || || [[Ј (kirilica)|Ј]] || [[К (kirilica)|К]] || || [[Л]] || || [[М (kirilica)|М]] || || [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || || [[О (kirilica)|О]] || || [[П]] || || [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || || [[С (kirilica)|С]] || || [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || || || [[Y]] || [[Ф]] || [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || [[Һ]] || || || [[Ч]] || [[Ҹ]] || || [[Ш]] || || || || [[Ы]] || || || || ||
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! [[Vahansky jezyk|Vahansky]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book | url = https://iling-ran.ru/conferences/2018_lashkarbekov_collection.pdf | first1 = Р.М. | last1 = Сохибназарбекова | first2 = Я. | last2 = Обртелова | chapter = К проблеме фиксации материалов ваханского языка в Таджикистане | title = Иранское языкознание 2020. Труды международной научной конференции. Чтения памяти Б.Б. Лашкарбекова к 70-летию со дня рождения | place = Москва | publisher = Институт языкознания РАН | year = 2020 | pages = 323 | language = ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;
! suč.
| [[А (kirilica)|А]] || || [[Б]] || || [[В (kirilica)|В]] || [[В̌]] || [[Г]] || [[Ғ̌]] [[Ғ]] || [[Д]] || [[Д̈]] || [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || [[Ә]] || [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] || [[Ж]] || [[Җ]] || [[З]] || [[З̌]] || [[И]] || || [[Й]] || || [[К (kirilica)|К]] || [[Қ]] || [[Л]] || || [[М (kirilica)|М]] || || [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || || [[О (kirilica)|О]] || || [[П]] || || [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || || [[С (kirilica)|С]] || [[С̌]] || [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || [[Т̈]] || [[У (kirilica)|У]] || || [[Ф]] || [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || [[Х̌]] || [[Ц]] || [[Ц̌]] || [[Ч]] || [[Ӵ]] [[Ҷ]] [[Ҷ̈]] || || [[Ш]] || || [[Щ]] || || [[Ы]] || || [[Э]] || [[Ю]] || [[Я]] ||
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Moldavsky jezyk|Moldavsky]] i [[Rumunsky jezyk|rumunsky]]
! suč.
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[А (kirilica)|А]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Б]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[В (kirilica)|В]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Г]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Д]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ж]] || [[Ӂ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[З]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[И]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Й]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[К (kirilica)|К]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Л]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[М (kirilica)|М]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[О (kirilica)|О]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[П]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[С (kirilica)|С]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[У (kirilica)|У]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ф]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ц]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ч]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ш]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ы]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ь]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Э]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ю]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Я]] ||
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! hist.
| [[Є]] [[Ѥ]] || || [[Ѕ]] || [[І (kirilica)|І]] || [[Ѻ]] || [[Ѹ]] [[Ȣ]] [[Ꙋ]] || [[Џ]] || [[Щ]] || [[Ъ]] || &lt;ref&gt;Takože: '''[[Ꙗ]] [[Ѣ]] [[Ѡ]] [[Ѧ]] [[Ѫ]] [[Ѯ]] [[Ѱ]] [[Ѳ]] [[Ѵ]] [[Ꙟ]]'''&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

== Uralske jezyky ==
{| class=wikitable style=&quot;font-family:Cambria; font-size:11pt; font-weight:bold;&quot;
|+ [[Uralske jezyky]]
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[А (kirilica)|А]] !! [[Б]] !! [[В (kirilica)|В]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Г]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Д]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] !! [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]]
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ж]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[З]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[И]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Й]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[К (kirilica)|К]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Л]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[М (kirilica)|М]]
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[О (kirilica)|О]] !! [[П]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[С (kirilica)|С]]
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[У (kirilica)|У]] !! [[Ф]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] !! [[Ц]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ч]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ш]]
! [[Щ]] !! [[Ъ]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ы]] !! [[Ь]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Э]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ю]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Я]] !! dr.
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! [[Karelsky jezyk|Karelsky]] 
! hist.
| [[А (kirilica)|А]] || [[Ӓ]] [[Ӑ]] || [[Б]] || [[В (kirilica)|В]] || [[Г]] || [[Г̧]] [[Г̄]] || [[Д]] || || [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || [[Е́]] [[Ӗ]] || [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] || [[Ж]] || || [[З]] || || [[И]] || [[І (kirilica)|І]] || [[Й]] || || [[К (kirilica)|К]] || || [[Л]] || || [[М (kirilica)|М]] || || [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || || [[О (kirilica)|О]] || [[Ӧ]] [[О̂]] || [[П]] || [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || || [[С (kirilica)|С]] || || [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || || [[У (kirilica)|У]] || [[Ў]] [[Ӱ]] || [[Ф]] || [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || || [[Ц]] || [[Ч]] || || [[Ш]] || || [[Щ]] || [[Ъ]] || [[Ы]] || || [[Ь]] || [[Э]] || || [[Ю]] || [[Ю̈]] [[Ю̂]] || [[Я]] || [[Я̈]] || [[Ѣ]] [[Ѣ̆]] [[Ѳ]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! [[Vepssky jezyk|Vepssky]]
! hist.
| [[А (kirilica)|А]] || [[Ӓ]] || [[Б]] || [[В (kirilica)|В]] || [[Г]] || [[Ѓ]] || [[Д]] || || [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || || [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] || [[Ж]] || || [[З]] || || [[И]] || [[І (kirilica)|І]] || [[Й]] || || [[К (kirilica)|К]] || || [[Л]] || || [[М (kirilica)|М]] || || [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || || [[О (kirilica)|О]] || [[Ӧ]] || [[П]] || [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || || [[С (kirilica)|С]] || [[³с]] || [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || || [[У (kirilica)|У]] || [[Ў]] [[Ӱ]] || [[Ф]] || [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || || [[Ц]] || [[Ч]] || || [[Ш]] || || [[Щ]] || [[Ъ]] || [[Ы]] || || [[Ь]] || [[Э]] || || [[Ю]] || || [[Я]] || || [[Ѣ]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Kildinskosaamsky jezyk|Kildinsko-saamsky]]
! suč.
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[А (kirilica)|А]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ӓ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Б]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[В (kirilica)|В]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Г]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Д]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ж]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[З]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[И]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Й]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ҋ]] [[Ј (kirilica)|Ј]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[К (kirilica)|К]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Л]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ӆ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[М (kirilica)|М]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ӎ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || [[Ӊ]] [[Ӈ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[О (kirilica)|О]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[П]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ҏ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[С (kirilica)|С]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[У (kirilica)|У]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ф]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Һ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ц]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ч]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ш]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Щ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ъ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ы]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ь]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Э]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ӭ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ю]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Я]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || [[Ҍ]] 
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! hist.
| [[І (kirilica)|І]] || || [[Ӧ]] || [[Ӱ]] || [[Ӹ]] || [[Ѣ]] [[Ѳ]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! [[Terskosaamsky jezyk|Tersko-saamsky]]
! suč.
| [[А (kirilica)|А]] || [[Ӓ]] || [[Б]] || [[В (kirilica)|В]] || [[Г]] || || [[Д]] || || [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || || [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] || [[Ж]] || || [[З]] || || [[И]] || || [[Й]] || || [[К (kirilica)|К]] || || [[Л]] || [[Ӆ]] || [[М (kirilica)|М]] || [[Ӎ]] || [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || [[Ӊ]] [[Ӈ]] || [[О (kirilica)|О]] || || [[П]] || [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || [[Ҏ]] || [[С (kirilica)|С]] || || [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || || [[У (kirilica)|У]] || || [[Ф]] || [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || || [[Ц]] || [[Ч]] || || [[Ш]] || || || [[Ъ]] || [[Ы]] || [[Ӹ]] || [[Ь]] || [[Э]] || [[Ӭ]] || [[Ю]] || || [[Я]] || || [[Ҍ]] 
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Mokšansky jezyk|Mokšansky]] 
! suč.
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[А (kirilica)|А]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Б]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[В (kirilica)|В]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Г]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Д]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ж]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[З]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[И]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Й]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[К (kirilica)|К]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Л]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[М (kirilica)|М]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[О (kirilica)|О]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[П]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[С (kirilica)|С]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[У (kirilica)|У]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ф]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ц]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ч]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ш]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Щ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ъ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ы]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ь]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Э]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ю]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Я]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! hist.
| [[Ӑ]] || [[Ӗ]] || [[І (kirilica)|І]] || [[Ԕ]] || [[Ҥ]] || [[О̆]] || [[Ԗ]] || [[Ы̃]] [[Ы̆]] || [[Ӭ]] || [[Я̈]] [[Ԙ]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Erzjansky jezyk|Erzjansky]] 
! suč.
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[А (kirilica)|А]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Б]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[В (kirilica)|В]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Г]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Д]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ж]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[З]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[И]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Й]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[К (kirilica)|К]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Л]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[М (kirilica)|М]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[О (kirilica)|О]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[П]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[С (kirilica)|С]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[У (kirilica)|У]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ф]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ц]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ч]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ш]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Щ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ъ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ы]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ь]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Э]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ю]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Я]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | ||
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! hist.
| [[І (kirilica)|І]] || [[Ҥ]] || [[Ѣ]] [[Ѳ]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | [[Marijsky jezyk|Marijsky]] 
! {{Alt|luk.|Lukomarijsky jezyk}}
| [[А (kirilica)|А]] || || [[Б]] || [[В (kirilica)|В]] || [[Г]] || || [[Д]] || || [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || || [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] || [[Ж]] || || [[З]] || || [[И]] || || [[Й]] || || [[К (kirilica)|К]] || || [[Л]] || || [[М (kirilica)|М]] || || [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || [[Ҥ]] || [[О (kirilica)|О]] || [[Ӧ]] || [[П]] || [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || || [[С (kirilica)|С]] || || [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || || [[У (kirilica)|У]] || [[Ӱ]] || [[Ф]] || [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || || [[Ц]] || [[Ч]] || || [[Ш]] || || [[Щ]] || [[Ъ]] || [[Ы]] || || [[Ь]] || [[Э]] || || [[Ю]] || || [[Я]] || ||
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! {{Alt|gor.|Gorskomarijsky jezyk}}
| [[А (kirilica)|А]] || [[Ӓ]] || [[Б]] || [[В (kirilica)|В]] || [[Г]] || || [[Д]] || || [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || || [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] || [[Ж]] || || [[З]] || || [[И]] || || [[Й]] || || [[К (kirilica)|К]] || || [[Л]] || || [[М (kirilica)|М]] || || [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || || [[О (kirilica)|О]] || [[Ӧ]] || [[П]] || [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || || [[С (kirilica)|С]] || || [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || || [[У (kirilica)|У]] || [[Ӱ]] || [[Ф]] || [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || || [[Ц]] || [[Ч]] || || [[Ш]] || || [[Щ]] || [[Ъ]] || [[Ы]] || [[Ӹ]] || [[Ь]] || [[Э]] || || [[Ю]] || || [[Я]] || ||
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! {{Alt|sěv.|Sěverozapadny marijsky jezyk}}
| [[А (kirilica)|А]] || [[Ӓ]] || [[Б]] || [[В (kirilica)|В]] || [[Г]] || || [[Д]] || || [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || || [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] || [[Ж]] || || [[З]] || || [[И]] || || [[Й]] || || [[К (kirilica)|К]] || || [[Л]] || || [[М (kirilica)|М]] || || [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || [[Ҥ]] || [[О (kirilica)|О]] || [[Ӧ]] [[Ө]] [[Ӫ]] || [[П]] || [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || || [[С (kirilica)|С]] || || [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || || [[У (kirilica)|У]] || [[У̊]] [[Ӱ]] [[Ӱ̊]] || [[Ф]] || [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || || [[Ц]] || [[Ч]] || || [[Ш]] || || [[Щ]] || [[Ъ]] || [[Ы]] || [[Ӹ]] || [[Ь]] || [[Э]] || || [[Ю]] || || [[Я]] || ||
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! hist.
| [[А (kirilica)|А]] || [[Ӓ]] || [[Б]] || [[В (kirilica)|В]] || [[Г]] || [[G]] || [[Д]] || || [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || || || [[Ж]] || || [[З]] || || [[И]] || [[І (kirilica)|І]] || [[Й]] || || [[К (kirilica)|К]] || || [[Л]] || || [[М (kirilica)|М]] || || [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || [[Ҥ]] || [[О (kirilica)|О]] || [[Ӧ]] [[О̂]] || [[П]] || [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || || [[С (kirilica)|С]] || || [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || || [[У (kirilica)|У]] || [[Ӱ]] [[Ӳ]] || [[Ф]] || [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || || [[Ц]] || [[Ч]] || || [[Ш]] || || [[Щ]] || [[Ъ]] || [[Ы]] || [[Ы̆]] || [[Ь]] || [[Э]] || || [[Ю]] || [[Ю̂]] || [[Я]] || [[Я̂]] || [[Ѣ]] [[Ѳ]] [[Ѵ]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Komi-zyrjansky jezyk|Komi-zyrjansky]] 
! suč.
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[А (kirilica)|А]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Б]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[В (kirilica)|В]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Г]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Д]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ж]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[З]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[И]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[І (kirilica)|І]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Й]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[К (kirilica)|К]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Л]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[М (kirilica)|М]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[О (kirilica)|О]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ӧ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[П]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[С (kirilica)|С]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[У (kirilica)|У]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ф]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ц]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ч]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ш]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Щ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ъ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ы]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ь]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Э]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ю]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Я]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | ||
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! hist.
| [[Ԁ]] [[Ԃ]] [[Ԫ]] [[Ꚉ]] [[Д̀]] [[Ԭ]] || [[Җ]] || [[Ԅ]] [[Ԇ]] [[З̀]] || [[Ј (kirilica)|Ј]] || [[Ԉ]] [[Л̀]] || [[Ԋ]] [[Н̀]] || [[Ԍ]] [[С̀]] || [[Ԏ]] [[Т̀]] [[Ꚓ]] || [[Ч̀]] [[Ч̇]] || [[Ъі]] || [[Ѣ]] [[Ѳ]] [[Ѵ]] 
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Komi-permjačsky jezyk|Komi-permjačsky]] 
! suč.
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[А (kirilica)|А]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Б]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[В (kirilica)|В]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Г]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Д]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ж]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[З]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[И]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[І (kirilica)|І]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Й]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[К (kirilica)|К]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Л]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[М (kirilica)|М]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[О (kirilica)|О]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ӧ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[П]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[С (kirilica)|С]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[У (kirilica)|У]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ф]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ц]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ч]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ш]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Щ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ъ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ы]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ь]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Э]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ю]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Я]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | ||
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! hist.
| [[Ԁ]] [[Ԃ]] [[д̅з̅]] [[д̅ж̅]] || [[Җ]] [[Ӂ]] [[Ӝ]] || [[Ԅ]] [[Ԇ]] [[Ӟ]] [[З̆]] || [[Ј (kirilica)|Ј]] || [[Ԉ]] || [[Ԋ]] || [[Ԍ]] || [[Ԏ]] || [[Ӵ]] [[ч̅ш̅]] || [[Ш̆]] || [[Ы̆]] || [[Ӭ]] || [[Ѣ]] [[Ѳ]] 
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! [[Komi-jazvinsky jezyk|Komi-jazvinsky]] 
! suč.
| [[А (kirilica)|А]] || || [[Б]] || [[В (kirilica)|В]] || [[Г]] || || [[Д]] || || [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || || [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] || [[Ж]] || || [[З]] || || [[И]] || || [[Й]] || || [[К (kirilica)|К]] || || [[Л]] || || [[М (kirilica)|М]] || || [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || || [[О (kirilica)|О]] || [[Ө]] [[Ӧ]] || [[П]] || [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || || [[С (kirilica)|С]] || || [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || || [[У (kirilica)|У]] || [[Ӱ]] || [[Ф]] || [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || || [[Ц]] || [[Ч]] || || [[Ш]] || || [[Щ]] || [[Ъ]] || [[Ы]] || || [[Ь]] || [[Э]] || || [[Ю]] || || [[Я]] || ||
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Udmurtsky jezyk|Udmurtsky]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book | url = https://elibrary.unatlib.ru/items/2caca9ac-1cc9-4426-b69e-4c8976ad6931 | title = Становление и развитие удмуртской графики и орфографии в XVIII - первой половине XIX века | last = Ившин | first = Леонид Михайлович | publisher = Уральское отделение Российской академии наук | year = 2010 | place = Екатеринбург-Ижевск | language = ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;
! suč.
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[А (kirilica)|А]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Б]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[В (kirilica)|В]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Г]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Д]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || || [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ж]] || [[Ӝ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[З]] || [[Ӟ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[И]] || [[Ӥ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Й]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[К (kirilica)|К]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Л]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[М (kirilica)|М]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[О (kirilica)|О]] || [[Ӧ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[П]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[С (kirilica)|С]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[У (kirilica)|У]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ф]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ц]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ч]] || [[Ӵ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ш]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Щ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ъ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ы]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ь]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Э]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ю]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Я]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | ||
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! hist.
| [[G]] || [[Ԫ]] [[Ꚉ]] || [[Е̂]] [[Ԑ]] || || [[Fajl:Cyrillic capital letter Zhe with long middle leg and stroke through descender.svg|16px]] || || [[И̂]] [[І (kirilica)|І]] [[І̂]] [[Ї (kirilica)|Ї]] || [[Ј (kirilica)|Ј]] || [[Ԛ]] || [[Ӆ]] [[Ԡ]] || [[Ҥ]] [[Ԣ]] || [[О̂]] [[О̆]] || [[Ҫ]] || [[Ꚋ]] || [[Ӱ]] [[Ў]] || [[Ҷ]] [[Fajl:Cyrillic capital letter Che Sha.svg|18px]] || [[Ы̆]] || [[Э̂]] || [[Ѣ]] [[Ѳ]] [[Ѵ]] [[ξ]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | [[Hantyjsky jezyk|Hantyjsky]]
! {{Alt|vah.|Vahovsky dialekt}}
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | [[А (kirilica)|А]] || [[Ӓ]] || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | [[Б]] || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | [[В (kirilica)|В]] || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | [[Г]] || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | [[Д]] || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || [[Ә]] || [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] [[Ӛ]] || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | [[Ж]] || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | [[З]] || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | [[И]] || rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | [[Й]] || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | [[К (kirilica)|К]] || [[Ӄ]] || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | [[Л]] || [[Ԯ]] || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | [[М (kirilica)|М]] || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || [[Ӈ]] [[Н’]] || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | [[О (kirilica)|О]] || [[Ӧ]] [[Ө]] [[Ӫ]] || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | [[П]] || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | [[С (kirilica)|С]] || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | [[У (kirilica)|У]] || [[Ӱ]] || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | [[Ф]] || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || [[Ӽ]] || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | [[Ц]] || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | [[Ч]] || [[Ҷ]] || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | [[Ш]] || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | [[Щ]] || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | [[Ъ]] || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | [[Ы]] || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | [[Ь]] || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | [[Э]] || || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | [[Ю]] || || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | [[Я]] || ||
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! {{Alt|surg.|Surgutsky dialekt}}
| [[Ӓ]] [[Ӑ]] || [[Ә]] || [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] || [[Қ]] || [[Ԯ]] || [[Ң]] || [[Ӧ]] [[Ө]] [[Ө̆]] || [[Ӱ]] || [[Ҳ]] || [[Ҷ]] || || || [[Я̆]] ||
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! {{Alt|kaz.|Kazymsky dialekt}}
| [[Ӑ]] || [[Ә]] || [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] [[Ӛ]] || || [[Ԯ]] || [[Ң]] || || [[Ў]] || || || [[Є]] [[Є̈]] || [[Ю̆]] || [[Я̆]] ||
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! {{Alt|šur.|Šuryškarsky dialekt}}
| [[Ӑ]] || [[Ә]] || [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] [[Ӛ]] || || [[Ԓ]] || [[Ң]] || [[О̆]] || [[Ў]] || || || || [[Ю̆]] || ||
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! hist.
| [[Ӓ]] || || || [[І (kirilica)|І]] || || || [[н̄]] [[н̅г̅]] || || || || || || || || [[Ѣ]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Mansijsky jezyk|Mansijsky]]
! suč. 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[А (kirilica)|А]] || [[А̄]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Б]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[В (kirilica)|В]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Г]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Д]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Е̄]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] [[Ё̄]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ж]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[З]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[И]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ӣ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Й]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[К (kirilica)|К]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Л]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[М (kirilica)|М]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || [[Ӈ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[О (kirilica)|О]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[О̄]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[П]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[С (kirilica)|С]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[У (kirilica)|У]] || [[Ӯ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ф]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ц]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ч]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ш]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Щ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ъ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ы]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ы̄]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ь]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Э]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Э̄]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ю]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ю̄]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Я]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Я̄]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! hist.
| [[Ӓ]] || [[Ј (kirilica)|Ј]] || [[Н’]] || [[Ӱ]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Enečsky jezyk|Enečsky]]
! 1980e
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[А (kirilica)|А]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Б]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[В (kirilica)|В]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Г]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Д]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ԑ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ж]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[З]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[И]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Й]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[К (kirilica)|К]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Л]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[М (kirilica)|М]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ӈ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[О (kirilica)|О]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[П]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[С (kirilica)|С]] || [[Ҫ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[У (kirilica)|У]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ф]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ц]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ч]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ш]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Щ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ъ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ы]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ь]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Э]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ю]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Я]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! 2020		
| [[О̂]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Nenečsky jezyk|Nenečsky]]
! {{Alt|tundr.|Tundrovy nenečsky}}
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[А (kirilica)|А]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Б]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[В (kirilica)|В]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Г]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Д]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Ж]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[З]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[И]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Й]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[К (kirilica)|К]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Л]] || || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[М (kirilica)|М]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Ӈ]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[О (kirilica)|О]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[П]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[С (kirilica)|С]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[У (kirilica)|У]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Ф]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Ц]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Ч]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Ш]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Щ]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Ъ]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Ы]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Ь]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Э]] || || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Ю]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Я]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | ʼ&lt;br /&gt;”
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! {{Alt|lěs.|Lěsny nenečsky}}
| [[Ӆ]] || [[Ӭ]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! hist.
| [[І (kirilica)|І]] ||
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Nganasansky jezyk|Nganasansky]]
! suč.
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[А (kirilica)|А]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Б]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[В (kirilica)|В]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Г]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Д]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ә]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ж]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[З]] || [[З̌]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[И]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Й]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[К (kirilica)|К]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Л]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[М (kirilica)|М]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ӈ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[О (kirilica)|О]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ө]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[П]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[С (kirilica)|С]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ҫ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[У (kirilica)|У]] || [[Ү]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ф]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ц]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ч]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ш]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Щ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ъ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ы]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ь]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Э]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ю]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Я]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[”|”]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! hist.
| [[Ӡ]] || [[І (kirilica)|І]] || [[Ӱ]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Selkupsky jezyk|Sěvernoselkupsky]]
! suč.
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[А (kirilica)|А]] || [[Ӓ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Б]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[В (kirilica)|В]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Г]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Д]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || [[Ә]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ж]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[З]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[И]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[І (kirilica)|І]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Й]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[К (kirilica)|К]] || [[Ӄ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Л]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[М (kirilica)|М]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || [[Ӈ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[О (kirilica)|О]] || [[Ө]] [[Ӧ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[П]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[С (kirilica)|С]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[У (kirilica)|У]] || [[Ӱ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ф]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ц]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ч]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ш]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Щ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ъ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ы]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ь]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Э]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ю]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Я]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! hist.
| [[А’]] || [[Е’]] || [[К’]] || [[Н’]] || [[О’]] || [[У’]] || [[Э’]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | [[Selkupsky jezyk|Južnoselkupsky]]
! {{Alt|obč.|Občejužnoselkupsky}}
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | [[А (kirilica)|А]] || [[Ӓ]] || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | [[Б]] || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | [[В (kirilica)|В]] || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | [[Г]] || rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | [[Ӷ]] || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | [[Д]] || || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | [[Ж]] || rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | [[Җ]] || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | [[З]] || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | [[Ҙ]] || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | [[И]] || [[И̇]] || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | [[Й]] || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | [[К (kirilica)|К]] || rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | [[Ӄ]] || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | [[Л]] || || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | [[М (kirilica)|М]] || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || [[Ӈ]] || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | [[О (kirilica)|О]] || rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | [[Ӧ]] || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | [[П]] || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | [[С (kirilica)|С]] || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | [[У (kirilica)|У]] || rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | [[Ӱ]] || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | [[Ф]] || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | [[Ц]] || rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | [[Ч]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | [[Ш]] || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | [[Щ]] || rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | [[Ъ]] || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | [[Ы]] || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | [[Ь]] || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | [[Э]] || [[Ӭ]] || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | [[Ю]] || [[Ю̈]] || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | [[Я]] || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! {{Alt|srk.|Srědnjeketsky dialekt}}
| [[Ӓ]] [[Ӑ]] || [[Д́]] || || [[Л́]] || [[Н́]] [[Ӈ]] || [[Т́]] || || rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! {{Alt|šoš.|Šoškupsky dialekt}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ӓ]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[И̇]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Ӈ]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | || [[Ӭ]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! {{Alt|nar.|Narymsky dialekt}}
| [[Ӽ]] || [[Ҷ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! {{Alt|vrob.|Vrhnjeobsky dialekt}}
| || || || [[І (kirilica)|І]] || || || || || || || ||
|}

== Turkijske jezyky ==
{| class=wikitable style=&quot;font-family:Cambria; font-size:11pt; font-weight:bold;&quot;
|+ [[Turkijske jezyky]]
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[А (kirilica)|А]] !! [[Б]] !! [[В (kirilica)|В]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Г]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Д]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] !! [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]]
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ж]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[З]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[И]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Й]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[К (kirilica)|К]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Л]] !! [[М (kirilica)|М]]
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[О (kirilica)|О]] !! [[П]] !! [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[С (kirilica)|С]]
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[У (kirilica)|У]] !! [[Ф]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] !! [[Ц]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ч]] !! [[Џ]] !! [[Ш]]
! [[Щ]] !! [[Ъ]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ы]] !! [[Ь]] !! [[Э]] !! [[Ю]] !! [[Я]] !! dr.
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Čuvašsky jezyk|Čuvašsky]] 
! suč.
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[А (kirilica)|А]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ӑ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Б]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[В (kirilica)|В]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Г]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Д]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ӗ]] || [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ж]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[З]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[И]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Й]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[К (kirilica)|К]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Л]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[М (kirilica)|М]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[О (kirilica)|О]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[П]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[С (kirilica)|С]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ҫ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[У (kirilica)|У]] || [[Ӳ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ф]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ц]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ч]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ш]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Щ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ъ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ы]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ь]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Э]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ю]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Я]] ||
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! hist.
| [[Ҕ]] || [[Д́]] [[Ђ]] || || [[І (kirilica)|І]] || [[Ј (kirilica)|Ј]] || [[Ԡ]] || [[Ԣ]] || [[Ӧ]] || [[Т̌]] [[Т́]] [[Ꚋ]] || [[Ӱ]] || &lt;ref&gt;Takože: latinska bukva '''Þ''' i kirilične bukvy '''Б̀ В̀ Г̀ Ҕ̀ Д̀ Ж̀ З̀ К̀ Л̀ М̀ Н̀ П̀ Р̀ С̀ Т̀ Х̀ Ш̀ '''.&lt;/ref&gt;
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Azerbajdžansky jezyk|Azerbaj-džansky]] 
! suč.
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[А (kirilica)|А]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Б]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[В (kirilica)|В]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Г]] || [[Ғ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Д]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ә]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ж]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[З]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[И]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ј (kirilica)|Ј]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[К (kirilica)|К]] || [[Ҝ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Л]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[М (kirilica)|М]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[О (kirilica)|О]] || [[Ө]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[П]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[С (kirilica)|С]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[У (kirilica)|У]] || [[Ү]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ф]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || [[Һ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ч]] || [[Ҹ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ш]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ы]] || || || || || || '
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! hist.
| [[Ӓ]] || [[Г̈]] [[Ƣ]] [[G]] || [[Ԫ]] || [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] || [[Й]] || [[К̈]] [[Қ]] || [[Ӧ]] || [[Т̈]] || [[Ӱ]] [[Ў]] || [[Х̆]] || [[Ҷ]] || || || [[Э]] || [[Ю]] || [[Я]] || ’
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Gagauzsky jezyk|Gagauzsky]] 
! suč.
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[А (kirilica)|А]] || [[Ӓ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Б]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[В (kirilica)|В]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Г]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Д]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ж]] || [[Ӂ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[З]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[И]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Й]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[К (kirilica)|К]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Л]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[М (kirilica)|М]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[О (kirilica)|О]] || [[Ӧ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[П]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[С (kirilica)|С]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[У (kirilica)|У]] || [[Ӱ]] [[Ү̈]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ф]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || [[Һ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ц]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ч]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ш]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Щ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ъ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ы]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ь]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Э]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ю]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Я]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! hist.
| [[А̄]] [[Ǟ]] || [[Е̄]] || || [[Ӡ]] || [[І (kirilica)|І]] [[І̄]] || [[Ј (kirilica)|Ј]] || [[L]] || [[О̄]] [[Ӧ̄]] || [[Ӯ]] || || [[Џ]] || [[Ы̄]] 
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! [[Turkmensky jezyk|Turkmensky]] 
! hist.
| [[А (kirilica)|А]] || || [[Б]] || [[В (kirilica)|В]] || [[Г]] || || [[Д]] || || [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || [[Ә]] || [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] || [[Ж]] || [[Җ]] || [[З]] || || [[И]] || || [[Й]] || || [[К (kirilica)|К]] || || [[Л]] || || [[М (kirilica)|М]] || [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || [[Ң]] || [[О (kirilica)|О]] || [[Ө]] || [[П]] || [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || [[С (kirilica)|С]] || || [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || || [[У (kirilica)|У]] || [[Ү]] || [[Ф]] || [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || || [[Ц]] || [[Ч]] || || || [[Ш]] || [[Щ]] || [[Ъ]] || [[Ы]] || || [[Ь]] || [[Э]] || [[Ю]] || [[Я]] || ’
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Baškirsky jezyk|Baškirsky]] 
! suč.
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[А (kirilica)|А]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Б]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[В (kirilica)|В]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Г]] || [[Ғ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Д]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || [[Ә]] || [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ж]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[З]] || [[Ҙ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[И]] || || [[Й]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[К (kirilica)|К]] || [[Ҡ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Л]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[М (kirilica)|М]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || [[Ң]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[О (kirilica)|О]] || [[Ө]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[П]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[С (kirilica)|С]] || [[Ҫ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[У (kirilica)|У]] || [[Ү]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ф]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Һ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ц]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ч]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ш]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Щ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ъ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ы]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ь]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Э]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ю]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Я]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! hist.
| [[Ӓ]] || [[Ѓ]] [[Г̇]] [[Г̣]] || [[Д̣]] || || || [[Ӟ]] || [[І (kirilica)|І]] || || [[К̈]] || [[Ҥ]] || [[Ӧ]] || [[С̣]] [[С̈]] || [[Ӳ]] [[Ӱ]] 
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Karačajevo-balkarsky jezyk|Karačajevo-balkarsky]] 
! suč.
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[А (kirilica)|А]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Б]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[В (kirilica)|В]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Г]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Д]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ж]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[З]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[И]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Й]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[К (kirilica)|К]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Л]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[М (kirilica)|М]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[О (kirilica)|О]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[П]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[С (kirilica)|С]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[У (kirilica)|У]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ф]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ц]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ч]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ш]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Щ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ъ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ы]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ь]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Э]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ю]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Я]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! hist.
| [[Ӓ]] || [[Ӷ]] [[Ғ]] || [[Җ]] || [[Қ]] || [[Ң]] || [[Ө]] [[Ӧ]] || [[Ӱ]] [[Ў]] [[У́]] [[Ү]] || [[Х̆]] [[Һ]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! [[Karaimsky jezyk|Karaimsky]] 
! suč.
| [[А (kirilica)|А]] || || [[Б]] || [[В (kirilica)|В]] || [[Г]] || || [[Д]] || || [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || || || [[Ж]] || || [[З]] || || [[И]] || || [[Й]] || || [[К (kirilica)|К]] || || [[Л]] || || [[М (kirilica)|М]] || [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || || [[О (kirilica)|О]] || [[Ӧ]] || [[П]] || [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || [[С (kirilica)|С]] || || [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || || [[У (kirilica)|У]] || [[Ӱ]] || [[Ф]] || [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || || [[Ц]] || [[Ч]] || || || [[Ш]] || [[Щ]] || [[Ъ]] || [[Ы]] || || [[Ь]] || [[Э]] || [[Ю]] || [[Я]] ||
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Karakalpaksky jezyk|Karakalpaksky]]
! suč.
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[А (kirilica)|А]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Б]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[В (kirilica)|В]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Г]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ғ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Д]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ә]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ж]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[З]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[И]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Й]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[К (kirilica)|К]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Қ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Л]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[М (kirilica)|М]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[О (kirilica)|О]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ө]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[П]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[С (kirilica)|С]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[У (kirilica)|У]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ү]] [[Ў]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ф]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ҳ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ц]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ч]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ш]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Щ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ъ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ы]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ь]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Э]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ю]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Я]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! hist.
| [[Ң]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Kazahsky jezyk|Kazahsky]]
! suč.
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[А (kirilica)|А]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Б]] || [[В (kirilica)|В]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Г]] || [[Ғ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Д]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || [[Ә]] || [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ж]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[З]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[И]] || [[І (kirilica)|І]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Й]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[К (kirilica)|К]] || [[Қ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Л]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[М (kirilica)|М]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || [[Ң]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[О (kirilica)|О]] || [[Ө]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[П]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[С (kirilica)|С]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[У (kirilica)|У]] || [[Ұ]] [[Ү]] || [[Ф]] || [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || [[Һ]] || [[Ц]] || [[Ч]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ш]] || [[Щ]] || [[Ъ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ы]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || [[Ь]] || [[Э]] || [[Ю]] || [[Я]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! hist.
| [[Ӓ]] || || || || || || || [[Ҥ]] || [[Ӧ]] || [[Ӱ]] || || || || || || || || || || ||
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! [[Krymskotatarsky jezyk|Krymsko-tatarsky]]
! suč.
| [[А (kirilica)|А]] || || [[Б]] || [[В (kirilica)|В]] || [[Г]] || || [[Д]] || || [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || || [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] || [[Ж]] || || [[З]] || || [[И]] || || [[Й]] || || [[К (kirilica)|К]] || || [[Л]] || || [[М (kirilica)|М]] || [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || || [[О (kirilica)|О]] || || [[П]] || [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || [[С (kirilica)|С]] || || [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || || [[У (kirilica)|У]] || || [[Ф]] || [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || || [[Ц]] || [[Ч]] || || || [[Ш]] || [[Щ]] || [[Ъ]] || [[Ы]] || || [[Ь]] || [[Э]] || [[Ю]] || [[Я]] || 
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! [[Krymčaksky jezyk|Krymčaksky]]
! suč.
| [[А (kirilica)|А]] || || [[Б]] || [[В (kirilica)|В]] || [[Г]] || || [[Д]] || || [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || || || || || [[З]] || || [[И]] || || [[Й]] || || [[К (kirilica)|К]] || || [[Л]] || || [[М (kirilica)|М]] || [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || || [[О (kirilica)|О]] || [[Ӧ]] || [[П]] || [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || [[С (kirilica)|С]] || || [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || || [[У (kirilica)|У]] || [[Ӱ]] || [[Ф]] || [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || || || [[Ч]] || || || [[Ш]] || || [[Ъ]] || [[Ы]] || || [[Ь]] || [[Э]] || || ||
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! [[Kyrgyzsky jezyk|Kyrgyzsky]]
! suč.
| [[А (kirilica)|А]] || || [[Б]] || [[В (kirilica)|В]] || [[Г]] || || [[Д]] || || [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || || [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] || [[Ж]] || || [[З]] || || [[И]] || || [[Й]] || || [[К (kirilica)|К]] || || [[Л]] || || [[М (kirilica)|М]] || [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || [[Ң]] || [[О (kirilica)|О]] || [[Ө]] || [[П]] || [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || [[С (kirilica)|С]] || || [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || || [[У (kirilica)|У]] || [[Ү]] || [[Ф]] || [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || || [[Ц]] || [[Ч]] || || || [[Ш]] || [[Щ]] || [[Ъ]] || [[Ы]] || || [[Ь]] || [[Э]] || [[Ю]] || [[Я]] ||
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! [[Kumyksky jezyk|Kumyksky]]
! suč.
| [[А (kirilica)|А]] || || [[Б]] || [[В (kirilica)|В]] || [[Г]] || || [[Д]] || || [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || || [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] || [[Ж]] || || [[З]] || || [[И]] || || [[Й]] || || [[К (kirilica)|К]] || || [[Л]] || || [[М (kirilica)|М]] || [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || || [[О (kirilica)|О]] || || [[П]] || [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || [[С (kirilica)|С]] || || [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || || [[У (kirilica)|У]] || || [[Ф]] || [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || || [[Ц]] || [[Ч]] || || || [[Ш]] || [[Щ]] || [[Ъ]] || [[Ы]] || || [[Ь]] || [[Э]] || [[Ю]] || [[Я]] ||
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! [[Nogajsky jezyk|Nogajsky]]
! suč.
| [[А (kirilica)|А]] || || [[Б]] || [[В (kirilica)|В]] || [[Г]] || || [[Д]] || || [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || || [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] || [[Ж]] || || [[З]] || || [[И]] || || [[Й]] || || [[К (kirilica)|К]] || || [[Л]] || || [[М (kirilica)|М]] || [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || || [[О (kirilica)|О]] || || [[П]] || [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || [[С (kirilica)|С]] || || [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || || [[У (kirilica)|У]] || || [[Ф]] || [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || || [[Ц]] || [[Ч]] || || || [[Ш]] || [[Щ]] || [[Ъ]] || [[Ы]] || || [[Ь]] || [[Э]] || [[Ю]] || [[Я]] ||
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Tatarsky jezyk|Tatarsky]]
! suč.
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[А (kirilica)|А]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Б]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[В (kirilica)|В]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Г]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Д]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || [[Ә]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ж]] || [[Җ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[З]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[И]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Й]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[К (kirilica)|К]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Л]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[М (kirilica)|М]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || [[Ң]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[О (kirilica)|О]] || [[Ө]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[П]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[С (kirilica)|С]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[У (kirilica)|У]] || [[Ү]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ф]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || [[Һ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ц]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ч]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ш]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Щ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ъ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ы]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ь]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Э]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ю]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Я]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! hist.
| [[Ӓ]] || || || [[Ҥ]] || [[Ӧ]] || [[Ӱ]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Urumsky jezyk|Urumsky]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book | url = http://www.unesco.kz/qypchaq/Docs/Urum-D00.pdf | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141227234739/www.unesco.kz/qypchaq/Docs/Urum-D00.pdf | [[archive-date = 2014-12-27 | first = Олександр | last = Гаркавець | title = Урумський словник | place = Алма-Ата | publisher = Баур | year = 2000 | isbn = 5-7667-3229-5 | pages = 10 | language = uk}}&lt;/ref&gt;
! 2000
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[А (kirilica)|А]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Б]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[В (kirilica)|В]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Г]] || [[Ғ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Д]] || [[Δ]] [[Д′]] [[Ђ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ж]] || [[Җ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[З]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[И]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Й]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[К (kirilica)|К]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Л]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[М (kirilica)|М]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || [[Ң]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[О (kirilica)|О]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ӧ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[П]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[С (kirilica)|С]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || [[Т′]] [[Ћ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[У (kirilica)|У]] || [[Ӱ]] [[Ү]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ф]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || [[Һ]] || [[Ц]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ч]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ш]] || [[Щ]] || [[Ъ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ы]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || [[Ь]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Э]] || [[Ю]] || [[Я]] || [[Θ]] 
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! 2008
| [[Ґ]] || [[Д']] || || || [[Т']] || [[Ӱ]] || || || || || || || ||
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! [[Uzbeksky jezyk|Uzbeksky]]
! suč.
| [[А (kirilica)|А]] || || [[Б]] || [[В (kirilica)|В]] || [[Г]] || [[Ғ]] || [[Д]] || || [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || || [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] || [[Ж]] || || [[З]] || || [[И]] || || [[Й]] || || [[К (kirilica)|К]] || [[Қ]] || [[Л]] || || [[М (kirilica)|М]] || [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || || [[О (kirilica)|О]] || || [[П]] || [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || [[С (kirilica)|С]] || || [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || || [[У (kirilica)|У]] || [[Ў]] || [[Ф]] || [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || [[Ҳ]] || [[Ц]] || [[Ч]] || || || [[Ш]] || || [[Ъ]] || || || [[Ь]] || [[Э]] || [[Ю]] || [[Я]] || ’
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! [[Ujgursky jezyk|Ujgursky]]
! suč.
| [[А (kirilica)|А]] || || [[Б]] || [[В (kirilica)|В]] || [[Г]] || [[Ғ]] || [[Д]] || || [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || [[Ә]] || || [[Ж]] || [[Җ]] || [[З]] || || [[И]] || || [[Й]] || || [[К (kirilica)|К]] || [[Қ]] || [[Л]] || || [[М (kirilica)|М]] || [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || [[Ң]] || [[О (kirilica)|О]] || [[Ө]] || [[П]] || [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || [[С (kirilica)|С]] || || [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || || [[У (kirilica)|У]] || [[Ү]] || [[Ф]] || [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || [[Һ]] || [[Ц]] || [[Ч]] || || || [[Ш]] || [[Щ]] || [[Ъ]] || [[Ы]] || || [[Ь]] || [[Э]] || [[Ю]] || [[Я]] || 
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Altajsky jezyk|Altajsky]]
! suč.
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[А (kirilica)|А]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Б]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[В (kirilica)|В]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Г]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Д]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ж]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[З]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[И]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Й]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ј (kirilica)|Ј]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[К (kirilica)|К]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Л]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[М (kirilica)|М]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || [[Ҥ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[О (kirilica)|О]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ӧ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[П]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[С (kirilica)|С]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[У (kirilica)|У]] || [[Ӱ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ф]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ц]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ч]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ш]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Щ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ъ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ы]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ь]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Э]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ю]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Я]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! hist.
| [[І (kirilica)|І]] || [[Н']] [[Н̄]] || [[Ӳ]] 
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! [[Čelkansky jezyk|Čelkansky]]
! suč.
| [[А (kirilica)|А]] || || [[Б]] || [[В (kirilica)|В]] || [[Г]] || [[Ӷ]] [[Ғ]] || [[Д]] || || [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || || [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] || [[Ж]] || || [[З]] || || [[И]] || || [[Й]] || [[Ј (kirilica)|Ј]] || [[К (kirilica)|К]] || [[Қ]] || [[Л]] || || [[М (kirilica)|М]] || [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || [[Ң]] [[Ҥ]] [[Њ]] || [[О (kirilica)|О]] || [[Ӧ]] || [[П]] || [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || [[С (kirilica)|С]] || || [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || || [[У (kirilica)|У]] || [[Ӱ]] || [[Ф]] || [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || || [[Ц]] || [[Ч]] || || || [[Ш]] || [[Щ]] || [[Ъ]] || [[Ы]] || || [[Ь]] || [[Э]] || [[Ю]] || [[Я]] || 
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Čulymsky jezyk|Čulymsky]]
! {{Alt|tut.|tutualsky dialekt}}&lt;/span&gt;
| [[А (kirilica)|А]] || || [[Б]] || [[В (kirilica)|В]] || [[Г]] || [[Ғ]] || [[Д]] || || [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || || [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] || [[Ж]] || || [[З]] || || [[И]] || || [[Й]] || || [[К (kirilica)|К]] || || [[Л]] || || [[М (kirilica)|М]] || [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || [[Ҥ]] || [[О (kirilica)|О]] || || [[П]] || [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || [[С (kirilica)|С]] || || [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || || [[У (kirilica)|У]] || || [[Ф]] || [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || || [[Ц]] || [[Ч]] || [[Ӵ]] || || [[Ш]] || [[Щ]] || [[Ъ]] || [[Ы]] || || [[Ь]] || [[Э]] || [[Ю]] || [[Я]] ||
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! {{Alt|mel.|meletsky dialekt}}
| [[А (kirilica)|А]] || [[Ӓ]] || [[Б]] || [[В (kirilica)|В]] || [[Г]] || [[Ғ]] || [[Д]] || || [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || || [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] || [[Ж]] || [[Җ]] || [[З]] || || [[И]] || || [[Й]] || || [[К (kirilica)|К]] || [[Қ]] || [[Л]] || || [[М (kirilica)|М]] || [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || [[Ң]] || [[О (kirilica)|О]] || [[Ӧ]] || [[П]] || [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || [[С (kirilica)|С]] || || [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || || [[У (kirilica)|У]] || [[Ӱ]] || [[Ф]] || [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || || [[Ц]] || [[Ч]] || || || [[Ш]] || [[Щ]] || [[Ъ]] || [[Ы]] || || [[Ь]] || [[Э]] || [[Ю]] || [[Я]] ||
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! [[Dolgansky jezyk|Dolgansky]]
! suč.
| [[А (kirilica)|А]] || || [[Б]] || [[В (kirilica)|В]] || [[Г]] || || [[Д]] || || [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || || [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] || [[Ж]] || || [[З]] || || [[И]] || || [[Й]] || || [[К (kirilica)|К]] || || [[Л]] || || [[М (kirilica)|М]] || [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || [[Ӈ]] || [[О (kirilica)|О]] || [[Ө]] || [[П]] || [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || [[С (kirilica)|С]] || || [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || || [[У (kirilica)|У]] || [[Ү]] || [[Ф]] || [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || [[Һ]] || [[Ц]] || [[Ч]] || || || [[Ш]] || [[Щ]] || [[Ъ]] || [[Ы]] || || [[Ь]] || [[Э]] || [[Ю]] || [[Я]] ||
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Hakassky jezyk|Hakassky]]
! suč.
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[А (kirilica)|А]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Б]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[В (kirilica)|В]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Г]] || [[Ғ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Д]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ж]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[З]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[И]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[І (kirilica)|І]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Й]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[К (kirilica)|К]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Л]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[М (kirilica)|М]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || [[Ң]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[О (kirilica)|О]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ӧ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[П]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[С (kirilica)|С]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[У (kirilica)|У]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ӱ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ф]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ц]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ч]] || [[Ӌ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ш]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Щ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ъ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ы]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ь]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Э]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ю]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Я]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! hist.
| [[Г̈]] || || [[Ј (kirilica)|Ј]] || [[Ҥ]] || [[Һ]] || || [[Ӹ]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Jakutsky jezyk|Jakutsky]]
! suč.
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[А (kirilica)|А]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Б]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[В (kirilica)|В]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Г]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ҕ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Д]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] || [[Ж]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || [[З]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[И]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Й]] || ([[Ҋ]]) || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[К (kirilica)|К]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Л]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[М (kirilica)|М]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || [[Ҥ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[О (kirilica)|О]] || [[Ө]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[П]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[С (kirilica)|С]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[У (kirilica)|У]] || [[Ү]] || [[Ф]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Һ]] || [[Ц]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ч]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || || [[Ш]] || [[Щ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ъ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ы]] || || [[Ь]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Э]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ю]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Я]] ||
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! hist.
| [[Ӓ]] || [[Ԫ]] || || || [[І (kirilica)|І]] || [[Ј (kirilica)|Ј]]&lt;br /&gt;[[ȷ]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Ɉ]] || [[Л́]] [[L]] || [[Н’]] [[Ԣ]] [[Ң]] [[Ӈ]] || [[Ӧ]] || [[С̇]] [[С̣]] || [[Ӱ]] || || || [[Џ]] || || || [[Ы̧]] || || [[Я̧]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! [[Kumandinsky jezyk|Kumandinsky]]
! suč.
| [[А (kirilica)|А]] || || [[Б]] || [[В (kirilica)|В]] || [[Г]] || [[Ғ]] [[Ҕ]] || [[Д]] || || [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || || [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] || [[Ж]] || || [[З]] || || [[И]] || || [[Й]] || || [[К (kirilica)|К]] || [[Қ]] || [[Л]] || || [[М (kirilica)|М]] || [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || [[Њ]] [[Ң]] || [[О (kirilica)|О]] || [[Ӧ]] || [[П]] || [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || [[С (kirilica)|С]] || || [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || || [[У (kirilica)|У]] || [[Ӱ]] || [[Ф]] || [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || || [[Ц]] || [[Ч]] || || || [[Ш]] || [[Щ]] || [[Ъ]] || [[Ы]] || || [[Ь]] || [[Э]] || [[Ю]] || [[Я]] ||
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Šorsky jezyk|Šorsky]]
! suč.
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[А (kirilica)|А]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Б]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[В (kirilica)|В]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Г]] || [[Ғ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Д]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ж]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[З]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[И]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Й]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[К (kirilica)|К]] || [[Қ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Л]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[М (kirilica)|М]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || [[Ң]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[О (kirilica)|О]] || [[Ӧ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[П]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[С (kirilica)|С]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[У (kirilica)|У]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ӱ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ф]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ц]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ч]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ш]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Щ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ъ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ы]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ь]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Э]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ю]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Я]] || 
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! hist.
| [[Ӓ]] || || || [[І (kirilica)|І]] || [[Ј (kirilica)|Ј]] || || [[Ҥ]] || [[Ө]] || [[Ѵ]] [[Ѳ]] 
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! [[Sojotsko-caatansky jezyk|Sojotsko-caatansky]]
! suč.
| [[А (kirilica)|А]] || || [[Б]] || [[В (kirilica)|В]] || [[Г]] || [[Ғ]] || [[Д]] || || [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || [[Ә]] || [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] || [[Ж]] || || [[З]] || || [[И]] || [[І (kirilica)|І]] || [[Й]] || || [[К (kirilica)|К]] || [[Қ]] || [[Л]] || || [[М (kirilica)|М]] || [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || [[Ң]] || [[О (kirilica)|О]] || [[Ө]] || [[П]] || [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || [[С (kirilica)|С]] || || [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || || [[У (kirilica)|У]] || [[Ү]] || [[Ф]] || [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || [[Һ]] || [[Ц]] || [[Ч]] || [[Ҷ]] || || [[Ш]] || [[Щ]] || [[Ъ]] || [[Ы]] || || [[Ь]] || [[Э]] || [[Ю]] || [[Я]] ||
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Teleutsky jezyk|Teleutsky]]
! suč.
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[А (kirilica)|А]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Б]] || [[В (kirilica)|В]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Г]] || [[Ғ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Д]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ж]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[З]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || [[И]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Й]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ј (kirilica)|Ј]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[К (kirilica)|К]] || [[Қ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Л]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[М (kirilica)|М]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || [[Ң]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[О (kirilica)|О]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ӧ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[П]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[С (kirilica)|С]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[У (kirilica)|У]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ӱ]] || [[Ф]] || [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || [[Ц]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ч]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ш]] || [[Щ]] || [[Ъ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ы]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || [[Ь]] || [[Э]] || [[Ю]] || [[Я]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! hist.
| || || || || [[І (kirilica)|І]] || [[К̄]] || [[Ҥ]] [[Н̄]] || || || || || || || || ||
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! [[Tofalarsky jezyk|Tofalarsky]]
! suč.
| [[А (kirilica)|А]] || || [[Б]] || [[В (kirilica)|В]] || [[Г]] || [[Ғ]] || [[Д]] || || [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || [[Ә]] || [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] || [[Ж]] || || [[З]] || || [[И]] || [[І (kirilica)|І]] || [[Й]] || || [[К (kirilica)|К]] || [[Қ]] [[Ӄ]] || [[Л]] || || [[М (kirilica)|М]] || [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || [[Ң]] [[Ӈ]] || [[О (kirilica)|О]] || [[Ө]] || [[П]] || [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || [[С (kirilica)|С]] || || [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || || [[У (kirilica)|У]] || [[Ү]] || [[Ф]] || [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || [[Һ]] || [[Ц]] || [[Ч]] || [[Ҷ]] [[Ч̡]] [[Ӌ]] || || [[Ш]] || [[Щ]] || [[Ъ]] || [[Ы]] || || [[Ь]] || [[Э]] || [[Ю]] || [[Я]] ||
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Tuvinsky jezyk|Tuvinsky]]
! suč.
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[А (kirilica)|А]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Б]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[В (kirilica)|В]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Г]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Д]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ж]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[З]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[И]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Й]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[К (kirilica)|К]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Л]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[М (kirilica)|М]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || [[Ң]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[О (kirilica)|О]] || [[Ө]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[П]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[С (kirilica)|С]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[У (kirilica)|У]] || [[Ү]] || [[Ф]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || [[Ц]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ч]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ш]] || [[Щ]] || [[Ъ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ы]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || [[Ь]] || [[Э]] || [[Ю]] || [[Я]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! hist.
| || [[Ӝ]] || [[Ҥ]] || [[Ӧ]] || [[Ӱ]] || || || || || || || ||
|}

== Mongolske jezyky ==

{| class=wikitable style=&quot;text-align:center; font-family:Cambria; font-size:11pt; font-weight:bold;&quot;
|+ [[Mongolske jezyky]]
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[А (kirilica)|А]] !! [[Б]] !! [[В (kirilica)|В]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Г]] !! [[Д]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] !! [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]]
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ж]] !! [[З]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[И]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Й]] !! [[К (kirilica)|К]] !! [[Л]] !! [[М (kirilica)|М]]
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[О (kirilica)|О]] !! [[П]] !! [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] !! [[С (kirilica)|С]]
! [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[У (kirilica)|У]] !! [[Ф]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] !! [[Ц]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ч]] !! [[Џ]] !! [[Ш]]
! [[Щ]] !! [[Ъ]] !! [[Ы]] !! [[Ь]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Э]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ю]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Я]] !! dr.
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Burjatsky jezyk|Burjatsky]] 
! suč.
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[А (kirilica)|А]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Б]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[В (kirilica)|В]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Г]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Д]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ж]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[З]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[И]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Й]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[К (kirilica)|К]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Л]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[М (kirilica)|М]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[О (kirilica)|О]] || [[Ө]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[П]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[С (kirilica)|С]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[У (kirilica)|У]] || [[Ү]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ф]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Һ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ц]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ч]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ш]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Щ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ъ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ы]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ь]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Э]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ю]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Я]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! hist.
| [[Ӧ]] || [[Ӱ]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Kalmyksky jezyk|Kalmyksky]]
! suč.
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[А (kirilica)|А]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Б]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[В (kirilica)|В]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Г]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Д]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ә]] || [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ж]] || [[Җ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[З]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[И]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Й]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[К (kirilica)|К]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Л]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[М (kirilica)|М]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || [[Ң]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[О (kirilica)|О]] || [[Ө]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[П]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[С (kirilica)|С]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[У (kirilica)|У]] || [[Ү]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ф]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Һ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ц]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ч]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ш]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Щ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ъ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ы]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ь]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Э]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ю]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Я]] || ||
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! hist.
| [[Ӓ]]&lt;br /&gt;[[А̄]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Ǟ]] || || [[Ӝ]] || [[І (kirilica)|І]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Ӣ]] || [[Ҥ]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Ң]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Н̈]] || [[Ӧ]]&lt;br /&gt;[[О̄]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Ӧ̄]] || [[Ӱ]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Ӯ]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Ӱ̄]] || [[Э̄]] || [[Ю̄]] || [[Я̄]] || [[D]]&lt;br /&gt;[[V]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Mongolsky jezyk|Mongolsky]]
! suč.
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[А (kirilica)|А]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Б]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[В (kirilica)|В]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Г]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Д]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ж]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[З]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[И]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Й]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[К (kirilica)|К]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Л]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[М (kirilica)|М]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[О (kirilica)|О]] || [[Ө]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[П]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[С (kirilica)|С]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[У (kirilica)|У]] || [[Ү]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ф]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ц]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ч]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ш]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Щ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ъ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ы]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ь]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Э]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ю]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Я]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! hist.
| [[Оь]] || [[Уъ]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! [[Mongorsky jezyk|Mongorsky]]
! hist.
| [[А (kirilica)|А]] || [[А̄]] || [[Б]] || [[В (kirilica)|В]] || [[Г]] || [[γ]] || [[Д]] || [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || [[Е̄]] || || [[Ж]] || [[Җ]] || [[З]] || [[И]] || [[Ӣ]] || || [[Ј (kirilica)|Ј]] || [[К (kirilica)|К]] || [[Л]] || [[М (kirilica)|М]] || [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || [[Ң]] || [[О (kirilica)|О]] || [[О̄]] || [[П]] || [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || [[С (kirilica)|С]] || [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || [[У (kirilica)|У]] || [[Ӯ]] || [[Ф]] || [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || || [[Ц]] || [[Ч]] || [[Ҷ]] || || [[Ш]] || [[Щ]] || || || || [[Э]] || || || || || ||
|}

== Tungusske jezyky ==

{| class=wikitable style=&quot;text-align:center; font-family:Cambria; font-size:11pt; font-weight:bold;&quot;
|+ [[Tungusske jezyky]]
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[А (kirilica)|А]] !! [[Б]] !! [[В (kirilica)|В]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Г]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Д]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] !! [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]]
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ж]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[З]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[И]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Й]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[К (kirilica)|К]] !! [[Л]] !! [[М (kirilica)|М]]
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[О (kirilica)|О]] !! [[П]] !! [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[С (kirilica)|С]]
! [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[У (kirilica)|У]] !! [[Ф]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] !! [[Ц]] !! [[Ч]] !! [[Џ]] !! [[Ш]]
! [[Щ]] !! [[Ъ]] !! [[Ы]] !! [[Ь]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Э]] !! [[Ю]] !! [[Я]] !! dr.
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Evenkijsky jezyk|Evenkijsky]] 
! suč.
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[А (kirilica)|А]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Б]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[В (kirilica)|В]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Г]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Д]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ж]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[З]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[И]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Й]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[К (kirilica)|К]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Л]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[М (kirilica)|М]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || [[Ӈ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[О (kirilica)|О]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[П]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[С (kirilica)|С]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[У (kirilica)|У]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ф]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ц]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ч]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ш]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Щ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ъ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ы]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ь]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Э]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ю]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Я]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! alt. 
| [[Ҥ]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Evensky jezyk|Evensky]]
! suč.
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[А (kirilica)|А]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Б]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[В (kirilica)|В]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Г]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Д]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ж]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[З]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[И]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Й]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[К (kirilica)|К]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Л]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[М (kirilica)|М]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || [[Ӈ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[О (kirilica)|О]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ө]] [[Ӫ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[П]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[С (kirilica)|С]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[У (kirilica)|У]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ф]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ц]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ч]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ш]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Щ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ъ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ы]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ь]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Э]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ю]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Я]] ||
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! hist.
| [[Г̱]] [[Ҕ]] || [[Ә]] || [[Ҥ]] [[Ҥ̱]] [[Н’]] || [[Ү]] || [[Һ]] || [[Ѣ]] [[Ꙗ]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! [[Negidalsky jezyk|Negidalsky]]
! suč.
| [[А (kirilica)|А]] || || [[Б]] || [[В (kirilica)|В]] || [[Г]] || [[Ғ]] || [[Д]] || || [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || || [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] || [[Ж]] || || [[З]] || [[Ӡ]] || [[И]] || || [[Й]] || || [[К (kirilica)|К]] || || [[Л]] || [[М (kirilica)|М]] || [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || [[Ӈ]] [[Њ]] || [[О (kirilica)|О]] || [[Ө]] || [[П]] || [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || [[С (kirilica)|С]] || || [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || [[У (kirilica)|У]] || || [[Ф]] || [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || || [[Ц]] || [[Ч]] || || [[Ш]] || [[Щ]] || [[Ъ]] || [[Ы]] || [[Ь]] || [[Э]] || || [[Ю]] || [[Я]] ||
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! [[Oročsky jezyk|Oročsky]]
! suč.
| [[А (kirilica)|А]] || || [[Б]] || [[В (kirilica)|В]] || [[Г]] || || [[Д]] || || [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || || [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] || [[Ж]] || || [[З]] || || [[И]] || || [[Й]] || || [[К (kirilica)|К]] || [[К']] || [[Л]] || [[М (kirilica)|М]] || [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || [[Ӈ]] || [[О (kirilica)|О]] || || [[П]] || [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || [[С (kirilica)|С]] || || [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || [[У (kirilica)|У]] || || [[Ф]] || [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || || [[Ц]] || [[Ч]] || || [[Ш]] || [[Щ]] || [[Ъ]] || [[Ы]] || [[Ь]] || [[Э]] || || [[Ю]] || [[Я]] ||
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Udegejsky jezyk|Udegejsky]]
! leningr.
| [[А (kirilica)|А]] || || [[Б]] || [[В (kirilica)|В]] || [[Г]] || || [[Д]] || || [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || || [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] || || || || [[Ӡ]] || [[И]] || || [[Й]] || || [[К (kirilica)|К]] || || [[Л]] || [[М (kirilica)|М]] || [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || [[Ӈ]] || [[О (kirilica)|О]] || || [[П]] || [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || [[С (kirilica)|С]] || || [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || [[У (kirilica)|У]] || || [[Ф]] || [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || || [[Ц]] || [[Ч]] || || || || || || || [[Э]] || || [[Ю]] || [[Я]] || ’
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! habar.
| [[А (kirilica)|А]] || [[’А|’А]] [[А̄]] [[А̂]] || [[Б]] || [[В (kirilica)|В]] || [[Г]] || [[Ғ]] || [[Д]] || || || || || || || || [[Ӡ]] || [[И]] || [[Ӣ]] [[И̂]] [[Й]] || || || [[К (kirilica)|К]] || || [[Л]] || [[М (kirilica)|М]] || [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || [[Њ]] [[Ӈ]] || [[О (kirilica)|О]] || [['О|'О]] [[О̄]] [[О̂]] || [[П]] || [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || [[С (kirilica)|С]] || || [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || [[У (kirilica)|У]] || [[Ӯ]] [[У̂]] || [[Ф]] || [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || || || [[Ч]] || || || || || || [[Ь]] || [[Э]] || [['Э|'Э]] [[Э̄]] [[Э̂]] || || ||
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Nanajsky jezyk|Nanajsky]]
! suč.
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[А (kirilica)|А]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Б]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[В (kirilica)|В]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Г]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Д]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || [[Ӡ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[И]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Й]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[К (kirilica)|К]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Л]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[М (kirilica)|М]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || [[Ӈ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[О (kirilica)|О]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[П]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[С (kirilica)|С]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[У (kirilica)|У]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ф]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ц]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ч]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ш]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Щ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ъ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ы]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ь]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Э]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ю]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Я]] ||
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! hist.
| [[Ԫ]] [[д̅ж̅]] || [[Ә]] || [[Ӡ]] [[Ǯ]] || [[І (kirilica)|І]] || [[к̅г̅]] [[к̅х̅]] || [[Ҥ]] [[н̅г̅]] || [[Ө]] || &lt;ref&gt;Takože: latinske bukvy '''W H L Ł Č Ŋ'''&lt;/ref&gt;
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Oroksky jezyk|Oroksky]]
! var. 2008
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[А (kirilica)|А]] || [[А̄]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Б]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[В (kirilica)|В]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Г]] || [[Ғ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Д]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || [[Е̄]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || [[Ӡ]] [[Ǯ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[И]] || [[Ӣ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ј (kirilica)|Ј]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[К (kirilica)|К]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Л]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[М (kirilica)|М]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || [[Ԩ]] [[Ӈ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[О (kirilica)|О]] || [[О̄]] [[Ө]] [[Ө̄]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[П]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[С (kirilica)|С]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[У (kirilica)|У]] || [[Ӯ]] || [[Ф]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ч]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Э]] || [[Э̄]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ю]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Я]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! var. 2004
|  || [[Ӷ]] || || [[Ǯ]] || || [[Қ]] || [[Н']] [[Ң]] || || [[С']]  || || || [[Ҳ]] || 
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! [[Sibinsky jezyk|Sibinsky]]
! hist.
| [[А (kirilica)|А]] || || [[Б]] || [[В (kirilica)|В]] || [[Г]] || [[Ғ]] || [[Д]] || || [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || || [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] || [[Ж]] || [[Җ]] || [[З]] || || [[И]] || || [[Й]] || || [[К (kirilica)|К]] || [[Қ]] || [[Л]] || [[М (kirilica)|М]] || [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || [[Ң]] || [[О (kirilica)|О]] || [[Ө]] || [[П]] || [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || [[С (kirilica)|С]] || || [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || [[У (kirilica)|У]] || [[Ү]] || [[Ф]] || [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || [[Ҳ]] || [[Ц]] || [[Ч]] || || [[Ш]] || || || [[Ы]] || [[Ь]] || || || || [[Я]] ||
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! [[Ulčsky jezyk|Ulčsky]]
! suč.
| [[А (kirilica)|А]] || || [[Б]] || [[В (kirilica)|В]] || [[Г]] || || [[Д]] || [[Д’]] || [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || || [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] || [[Ж]] || || [[З]] || || [[И]] || || [[Й]] || || [[К (kirilica)|К]] || || [[Л]] || [[М (kirilica)|М]] || [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || [[Н’]] [[Ӈ]] || [[О (kirilica)|О]] || || [[П]] || [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || [[С (kirilica)|С]] || || [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || [[У (kirilica)|У]] || || [[Ф]] || [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || || [[Ц]] || [[Ч]] || || [[Ш]] || [[Щ]] || [[Ъ]] || [[Ы]] || [[Ь]] || [[Э]] || || [[Ю]] || [[Я]] ||	
|}

== Afroazijatske jezyky ==
{| class=wikitable style=&quot;font-family:Cambria; font-size:11pt; font-weight:bold; width:100%;&quot;
|+ [[Afroazijatske jezyky]]
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
! [[А (kirilica)|А]] !! [[Б]] !! [[В (kirilica)|В]] !! [[Г]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Д]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] !! [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] !! [[Ж]] !! [[З]] !! [[И]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Й]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[К (kirilica)|К]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Л]] !! [[М (kirilica)|М]] !! [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] !! [[О (kirilica)|О]] !! [[П]] !! [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] !! [[С (kirilica)|С]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] !! [[У (kirilica)|У]] !! [[Ф]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] !! [[Ц]] !! [[Ч]] !! [[Џ]] !! [[Ш]] !! [[Щ]] !! [[Ъ]] !! [[Ы]] !! [[Ь]] !! [[Э]] !! [[Ю]] !! [[Я]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! [[Assirijsky novoaramejsky jezyk|Assirijsky novoaramejsky]]
! hist.
| [[А (kirilica)|А]] || [[Б]] || [[В (kirilica)|В]] || [[Г]] || || [[D]] || [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || [[Ә]] || || [[Ж]] || [[З]] || [[И]] || || [[Ј (kirilica)|Ј]] || [[К (kirilica)|К]] || [[Ԛ]] || || [[L]] || [[М (kirilica)|М]] || [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || [[О (kirilica)|О]] || [[П]] || [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || [[С (kirilica)|С]] || [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || [[t]] || [[У (kirilica)|У]] || || [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || [[Һ]] || || [[Ч]] || || [[Ш]] || || || [[Ы]] || || || ||
|}

== Sěverozapadnokavkazske jezyky ==
{| class=wikitable style=&quot;font-family:Cambria; font-size:11pt; font-weight:bold;&quot;
|+ [[Sěverozapadnokavkazske jezyky|Sěverozapadnokavkazske ili abhazsko-adygejske jezyky]]
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[А (kirilica)|А]] !! [[Б]] !! [[В (kirilica)|В]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Г]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Д]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] !! [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ж]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[З]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[И]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Й]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[К (kirilica)|К]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Л]] !! [[М (kirilica)|М]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[О (kirilica)|О]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[П]] !! [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[С (kirilica)|С]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[У (kirilica)|У]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ф]] !! colspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ц]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ч]] !! [[Џ]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ш]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Щ]] !! [[Ъ]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ы]] !! [[Ь]] !! [[Э]] !! [[Ю]] !! [[Я]] !! dr.
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! [[Abazinsky jezyk|Abazinsky]]
! suč.
| [[А (kirilica)|А]] || || [[Б]] || [[В (kirilica)|В]] || [[Г]] || || [[Д]] || || [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || || [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] || [[Ж]] || || [[З]] || || [[И]] || || [[Й]] || || [[К (kirilica)|К]] || || [[Л]] || || [[М (kirilica)|М]] || [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || || [[О (kirilica)|О]] || || [[П]] || || [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || [[С (kirilica)|С]] || || [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || || [[У (kirilica)|У]] || || [[Ф]] || || [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || || || [[Ц]] || || [[Ч]] || || || [[Ш]] || || [[Щ]] || || [[Ъ]] || [[Ы]] || || [[Ь]] || [[Э]] || [[Ю]] || [[Я]] || [[Ӏ]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Abhazsky jezyk|Abhazsky]]
! suč.
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[А (kirilica)|А]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Б]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[В (kirilica)|В]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Г]] || [[Ӷ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Д]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || [[Ә]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ж]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[З]] || [[Ӡ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[И]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[К (kirilica)|К]] || [[Қ]] [[Ҟ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Л]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[М (kirilica)|М]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[О (kirilica)|О]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ҩ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[П]] || [[Ԥ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[С (kirilica)|С]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || [[Ҭ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[У (kirilica)|У]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ф]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || [[Ҳ]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ц]] || [[Ҵ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ч]] || [[Ҷ]] || [[Џ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ш]] || || || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || [[Ы]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || [[Ь]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || [[Ҽ]] [[Ҿ]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! hist.
| [[Г̆]] [[Г̓]] [[Г̧]] [[Ҕ]] [[Ҕ̆]] || [[Ꚁ]] [[Д̓]] [[Ꚉ]] || || [[Ӂ]] || [[Ꚅ]] [[Ꚅ̆]] [[Ӡ]] [[Ꚃ]] || [[І (kirilica)|І]] || [[Ј (kirilica)|Ј]] || [[К̆]] [[К̓]] [[К̧]] [[Ӄ]] [[Ӄ̆]] [[Ԛ]] [[Ԛ̆]] || [[П]] [[П̓]] [[П̧]] [[Ҧ]] || [[С̧]] || [[Ҭ]] [[Т̧]] [[Т̓]] [[Ꚋ]] [[Ꚍ]] [[Ꚍ̆]] || [[Х̆]] [[Х̍]] || [[Һ]] [[Ꚕ]] || [[Ц́]] [[Ц̓]] [[Ꚏ]] [[Ꚏ̆]] [[Ҵ]] [[Fajl:Cyrillic capital letter Cil.svg|8px|link=Cil (kirilica)]] [[Fajl:Cyrillic capital letter Cil with bar.svg|8px|link=Prěčrknuto cil]] || [[Ч̓]] [[Ꚓ]] [[Ꚇ]] [[Ꚇ̆]] [[Fajl:Cyrillic capital letter Char.svg|9px|link=Čar (kirilica)]] || [[Џ]] [[Џ̆]] || [[Ш̆]] || [[Щ]] || [[Щ̆]] [[Ꚗ]] [[Ꚗ̆]] || || || [[Ѵ]] [[Ҽ]] [[Ҽ̆]] 
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! [[Adygejsky jezyk|Adygejsky]]
! suč.
| [[А (kirilica)|А]] || || [[Б]] || [[В (kirilica)|В]] || [[Г]] || || [[Д]] || || [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || || [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] || [[Ж]] || || [[З]] || || [[И]] || || [[Й]] || || [[К (kirilica)|К]] || || [[Л]] || || [[М (kirilica)|М]] || [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || || [[О (kirilica)|О]] || || [[П]] || || [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || [[С (kirilica)|С]] || || [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || || [[У (kirilica)|У]] || || [[Ф]] || || [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || || || [[Ц]] || || [[Ч]] || || || [[Ш]] || || [[Щ]] || || [[Ъ]] || [[Ы]] || || [[Ь]] || [[Э]] || [[Ю]] || [[Я]] || [[ӏ]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Kabardino-čerkessky jezyk|Kabardino-čerkessky]]
! suč.
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[А (kirilica)|А]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Б]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[В (kirilica)|В]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Г]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Д]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ж]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[З]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[И]] || || [[Й]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[К (kirilica)|К]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Л]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[М (kirilica)|М]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[О (kirilica)|О]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[П]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[С (kirilica)|С]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[У (kirilica)|У]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ф]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ц]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ч]] || || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ш]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Щ]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ъ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ы]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ь]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Э]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ю]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Я]] || [[ӏ]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! hist.
| [[Ӓ]] [[А̄]] [[Ӑ]] [[’А|’А]] || [[Г̇]] [[Г̀]] [[Ҕ]] [[Г̧]] [[Гꙻ]] || [[Ӗ]] || [[Ж̑]] || [[З̑]] [[Ҙ]] [[Ӡ]] || [[І (kirilica)|І]]&lt;br /&gt;[[І̄]] || || [[Ј (kirilica)|Ј]] || [[К’]] [[К̑]] [[К̈]] [[К̇]] [[К̀]] [[К̓]] [[Ӄ]] [[Fajl:Cyrillic capital letter Ka with ascender.svg|10px]] [[К̧]] [[Ԛ]] [[Ԛꙻ]] || [[Л̑]] [[Л̇]] [[Fajl:Cyrillic small letter Te El Soft-sign.svg|14px]] [[Fajl:Cyrillic small letter voiceless L with comma above.svg|14px]] || [[Н̧]] || [[О̆]] [[Ҩ]] || [[П’]] [[П̑]] [[П̓]] || [[Ҫ]] [[Ҫ̓]] || [[Т’]] [[Т̑]] [[Т̓]] || [[’У|’У]] [[Ў]] [[Ӯ]] || [[Ф’]] [[Ф̑]] [[Ф̓]] || [[Х̑]] [[Х̇]] [[Х̀]] [[Х̔]] || [[Һ]] [[Ꚕ]] [[Fajl:Cyrillic capital letter Shha with hook.svg|10px]] [[Һ̱]] || [[Ц’]] [[Ц̓]] [[Fajl:Cyrillic capital letter Cil.svg|8px|link=Cil (kirilica)]] || [[Ч̑]] [[Fajl:Cyrillic capital letter Char.svg|9px|link=Čar (kirilica)]] || [[Џ]] || [[Ш̑]] || [[Щ’]] || [[Fajl:Cyrillic_small_letter_Yeru_with_connecting_stroke.svg|14px]] || [[Ѣ]] [[Ѵ]]&lt;br /&gt;’&lt;br /&gt;[[Fajl:Cyrillic capital letter Ghad.svg|11px]] [[Fajl:Cyrillic capital letter Ghad.svg|11px]]ꙻ 
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! [[Ubyhsky jezyk|Ubyhsky]]
! prědl.
| [[А (kirilica)|А]] || || [[Б]] || [[В (kirilica)|В]] || [[Г]] || [[Ѓ]] [[Ғ]] [[Ҕ]] || [[Д]] || || [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || [[Ә]] || || [[Ж]] || [[Ӝ]] || [[З]] || [[Ӟ]] [[Ѕ]] || [[И]] || || [[Й]] || [[Ј (kirilica)|Ј]] || [[К (kirilica)|К]] || [[Қ]] || [[Л]] || [[Ԯ]] || [[М (kirilica)|М]] || [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || || [[О (kirilica)|О]] || [[Ө]] [[Ҩ]] || [[П]] || || [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || [[С (kirilica)|С]] || [[Ҫ]] || [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || || [[У (kirilica)|У]] || [[Ү]] || [[Ф]] || || [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || [[Ҳ]] || [[Һ]] || [[Ц]] || [[Ҵ]] || [[Ч]] || [[Ҹ]] || [[Џ]] || [[Ш]] || || || || [[Ъ]] || [[Ы]] || || [[Ь]] || || || [[Я]] || [[ӏ]] [[Ҽ]] 
|}

== Sěverovozhodnokavkazske jezyky ==
{| class=wikitable style=&quot;font-family:Cambria; font-size:11pt; font-weight:bold;&quot;
|+ [[Sěverovozhodnokavkazske jezyky|Sěverovozhodnokavkazske ili nahsko-dagestanske jezyky]]
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[А (kirilica)|А]] !! [[Б]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[В (kirilica)|В]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Г]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Д]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] !! [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ж]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[З]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[И]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Й]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[К (kirilica)|К]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Л]] !! [[М (kirilica)|М]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[О (kirilica)|О]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[П]] !! [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[С (kirilica)|С]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[У (kirilica)|У]] !! [[Ф]] !! colspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ц]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ч]] !! [[Џ]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ш]] !! [[Щ]] !! [[Ъ]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ы]] !! [[Ь]] !! [[Э]] !! [[Ю]] !! [[Я]] !! dr.
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! [[Ahvahsky jezyk|Ahvahsky]]
! suč.
| [[А (kirilica)|А]] || [[Аᵸ]] || [[Б]] || [[В (kirilica)|В]] || || [[Г]] || || [[Д]] || || [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || [[Еᵸ]] || || [[Ж]] || || [[З]] || || [[И]] || [[Иᵸ]] || [[Й]] || || [[К (kirilica)|К]] || || [[Л]] || || [[М (kirilica)|М]] || [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || || [[О (kirilica)|О]] || || [[П]] || || [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || [[С (kirilica)|С]] || || [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || || [[У (kirilica)|У]] || || || [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || || || [[Ц]] || || [[Ч]] || || || [[Ш]] || || [[Щ]] || [[Ъ]] || || || || [[Э]] || || || [[Ӏ]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! [[Andijsky jezyk|Andijsky]]
! suč.
| [[А (kirilica)|А]] || || [[Б]] || [[В (kirilica)|В]] || || [[Г]] || || [[Д]] || || [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || || [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] || [[Ж]] || || [[З]] || || [[И]] || || [[Й]] || || [[К (kirilica)|К]] || || [[Л]] || || [[М (kirilica)|М]] || [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || || [[О (kirilica)|О]] || || [[П]] || || [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || [[С (kirilica)|С]] || || [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || || [[У (kirilica)|У]] || || [[Ф]] || [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || || || [[Ц]] || || [[Ч]] || || || [[Ш]] || || [[Щ]] || [[Ъ]] || [[Ы]] || || [[Ь]] || [[Э]] || [[Ю]] || [[Я]] || [[Ӏ]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Avarsky jezyk|Avarsky]]
! suč.
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[А (kirilica)|А]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Б]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[В (kirilica)|В]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Г]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Д]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ж]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[З]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || [[И]] || || [[Й]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[К (kirilica)|К]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Л]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[М (kirilica)|М]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[О (kirilica)|О]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[П]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[С (kirilica)|С]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[У (kirilica)|У]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || [[Ф]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ц]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ч]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ш]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || [[Щ]] || [[Ъ]] || || || [[Ь]] || [[Э]] || [[Ю]] || [[Я]] || [[Ӏ]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! hist.
| [[Г̧]] || || || [[І (kirilica)|І]] || || [[Ј (kirilica)|Ј]] || [[К̧]] [[Fajl:Cyrillic capital letter Ka with loop.svg|12px]] [[Ԛ]] || [[Ҫ]] || [[Т̧]] || || [[Х̇]] [[Хꙻ]] || [[Һ]] [[Fajl:Cyrillic capital letter Shha with high right breve serif.svg|11px]] [[Fajl:Cyrillic capital letter Shha with Cil top.svg|11px]] [[Fajl:Cyrillic capital letter Shha with hook.svg|10px]] || [[Fajl:Cyrillic capital letter Tse with long left leg.svg|12px]] [[Ц̓]] [[Fajl:Cyrillic capital letter Cil.svg|8px|link=Cil (kirilica)]] [[Fajl:Cyrillic capital letter Cil with bar.svg|8px|link=Prěčrknuto cil]] || [[Ч̇]] [[Ч̓]] [[Fajl:Cyrillic capital letter Char.svg|9px|link=Čar (kirilica)]] || || || || || || || || || [[Fajl:Cyrillic capital letter Ghad.svg|11px]] [[Fajl:Cyrillic capital letter Ghad.svg|11px]]ꙻ [[Fajl:Cyrillic capital letter Ghad.svg|11px]]̇ [[Fajl:Cyrillic capital letter curled roundtop El.svg|11px]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! [[Karatinsky jezyk|Karatinsky]]
! suč.
| [[А (kirilica)|А]] || [[А̄]] [[Аᵸ]] [[А̄ᵸ]] || [[Б]] || [[В (kirilica)|В]] || || [[Г]] || || [[Д]] || || [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || [[Е̄]] [[Еᵸ]] [[Е̄ᵸ]] || || [[Ж]] || || [[З]] || || [[И]] || [[Ӣ]] [[Иᵸ]] || [[Й]] || || [[К (kirilica)|К]] || [[К̄]] || [[Л]] || [[Л̄]] || [[М (kirilica)|М]] || [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || || [[О (kirilica)|О]] || [[О̄]] [[Оᵸ]] || [[П]] || || [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || [[С (kirilica)|С]] || [[С̄]] || [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || || [[У (kirilica)|У]] || [[Ӯ]] [[Уᵸ]] || || [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || [[Х̄]] || || [[Ц]] || [[Ц̄]] || [[Ч]] || [[Ч̄]] || || [[Ш]] || || [[Щ]] || [[Ъ]] || || || [[Ь]] || [[Э]] || || || [[Ӏ]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Bežtinsky jezyk|Bežtinsky]]
! 2015
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[А (kirilica)|А]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Б]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[В (kirilica)|В]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Г]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Д]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || || [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ж]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[З]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[И]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Й]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[К (kirilica)|К]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Л]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[М (kirilica)|М]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[О (kirilica)|О]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[П]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[С (kirilica)|С]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[У (kirilica)|У]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ц]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ч]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ш]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ъ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ь]] || [[Э]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ю]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Я]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ӏ]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! 1999
| [[Аᵸ]] [[А̄]] || [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] [[Еᵸ]] || || [[Иᵸ]] [[Ӣ]] || [[Оᵸ]] [[О̄]] || [[Ӯ]] || [[Э]] [[Эᵸ]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! [[Cezsky jezyk|Cezsky]]
! suč.
| [[А (kirilica)|А]] || [[А̄]] || [[Б]] || [[В (kirilica)|В]] || || [[Г]] || || [[Д]] || || [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || || [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] || [[Ж]] || || [[З]] || || [[И]] || || [[Й]] || || [[К (kirilica)|К]] || || [[Л]] || || [[М (kirilica)|М]] || [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || || [[О (kirilica)|О]] || || [[П]] || || [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || [[С (kirilica)|С]] || || [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || || [[У (kirilica)|У]] || || [[Ф]] || [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || || || [[Ц]] || || [[Ч]] || || || [[Ш]] || || [[Щ]] || [[Ъ]] || || || [[Ь]] || [[Э]] || [[Ю]] || [[Я]] || [[Ӏ]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! [[Ginuhsky jezyk|Ginuhsky]]
! suč.
| [[А (kirilica)|А]] || [[А̄]] || [[Б]] || [[В (kirilica)|В]] || || [[Г]] || || [[Д]] || || [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || [[Е̄]] || || [[Ж]] || || [[З]] || || [[И]] || [[Ӥ]] [[Ӣ]] [[Ӥ̄]] || [[Й]] || || [[К (kirilica)|К]] || || [[Л]] || || [[М (kirilica)|М]] || [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || || [[О (kirilica)|О]] || [[О̄]] || [[П]] || || [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || [[С (kirilica)|С]] || || [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || || [[У (kirilica)|У]] || [[Ӯ]] || || [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || || || [[Ц]] || || [[Ч]] || || || [[Ш]] || || || [[Ъ]] || || || [[Ь]] || [[Э]] || || || [[Ӏ]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Darginsky jezyk|Darginsky]]
! suč.
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[А (kirilica)|А]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Б]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[В (kirilica)|В]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Г]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Д]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ж]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[З]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[И]] || || [[Й]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[К (kirilica)|К]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Л]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[М (kirilica)|М]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[О (kirilica)|О]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[П]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[С (kirilica)|С]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[У (kirilica)|У]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || [[Ф]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ц]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ч]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ш]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || [[Щ]] || [[Ъ]] || [[Ы]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || [[Ь]] || [[Э]] || [[Ю]] || [[Я]] || [[Ӏ]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! hist.
| [[Ӕ]] || [[Ԝ]] || [[Г̧]] [[гꙻ]] || [[Ђ]] || || [[Ӡ]] || [[І (kirilica)|І]] || || [[Ј (kirilica)|Ј]] || [[К̧]] [[Fajl:Cyrillic capital letter Ka with loop.svg|12px]] [[Кꙻ]] [[Ԛ]] || [[П̧]] || [[Т̧]] || || [[Һ]] [[Fajl:Cyrillic capital letter Shha with high right breve serif.svg|11px]] [[Fajl:Cyrillic capital letter Shha with Cil top.svg|11px]] [[Fajl:Cyrillic capital letter Shha with hook.svg|10px]] || [[Fajl:Cyrillic capital letter Cil.svg|8px|link=Cil (kirilica)]] || [[Fajl:Cyrillic capital letter Char.svg|9px|link=Čar (kirilica)]] || || || || || || || || ’
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! [[Kajtagsky jezyk|Kajtagsky]]
! suč.
| [[А (kirilica)|А]] || || [[Б]] || [[В (kirilica)|В]] || || [[Г]] || || [[Д]] || || [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || || [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] || [[Ж]] || || [[З]] || || [[И]] || || [[Й]] || || [[К (kirilica)|К]] || || [[Л]] || || [[М (kirilica)|М]] || [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || || [[О (kirilica)|О]] || || [[П]] || || [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || [[С (kirilica)|С]] || || [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || || [[У (kirilica)|У]] || || [[Ф]] || [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || || || [[Ц]] || || [[Ч]] || || || [[Ш]] || || [[Щ]] || [[Ъ]] || [[Ы]] || || [[Ь]] || [[Э]] || [[Ю]] || [[Я]] || [[Ӏ]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! [[Kubačinsky jezyk|Kubačinsky]]
! suč.
| [[А (kirilica)|А]] || || [[Б]] || [[В (kirilica)|В]] || || [[Г]] || || [[Д]] || || [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || || [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] || [[Ж]] || || [[З]] || || [[И]] || || [[Й]] || || [[К (kirilica)|К]] || || [[Л]] || || [[М (kirilica)|М]] || [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || || [[О (kirilica)|О]] || || [[П]] || || [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || [[С (kirilica)|С]] || || [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || || [[У (kirilica)|У]] || || [[Ф]] || [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || || || [[Ц]] || || [[Ч]] || || || [[Ш]] || || || [[Ъ]] || || || [[Ь]] || [[Э]] || [[Ю]] || [[Я]] || [[Ӏ]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! [[Hinalugsky jezyk|Hinalugsky]]
! suč.
| [[А (kirilica)|А]] || || [[Б]] || [[В (kirilica)|В]] || || [[Г]] || || [[Д]] || || [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || || || [[Ж]] || || [[З]] || || [[И]] || || [[Й]] || || [[К (kirilica)|К]] || || [[Л]] || || [[М (kirilica)|М]] || [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || || [[О (kirilica)|О]] || || [[П]] || || [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || [[С (kirilica)|С]] || || [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || || [[У (kirilica)|У]] || || [[Ф]] || [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || || || [[Ц]] || || [[Ч]] || || || [[Ш]] || || || [[Ъ]] || [[Ы]] || || [[Ь]] || [[Э]] || || || [[Ӏ]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Laksky jezyk|Laksky]]
! suč.
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[А (kirilica)|А]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Б]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[В (kirilica)|В]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Г]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Д]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ж]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[З]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || [[И]] || || [[Й]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[К (kirilica)|К]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Л]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[М (kirilica)|М]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[О (kirilica)|О]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[П]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[С (kirilica)|С]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[У (kirilica)|У]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ф]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ц]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ч]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ш]] || || [[Щ]] || [[Ъ]] || [[Ы]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || [[Ь]] || [[Э]] || [[Ю]] || [[Я]] || [[Ӏ]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! hist.
| [[Г̧]] || [[Ђ]] || || || [[І (kirilica)|І]] || || [[Ј (kirilica)|Ј]] || [[К̧]] [[Fajl:Cyrillic capital letter Ka with loop.svg|12px]] [[Кꙻ]] [[Ԛ]] || [[Ҫ]] || [[Т̧]] || [[Х̇]] || [[Һ]] [[Fajl:Cyrillic capital letter Shha with high right breve serif.svg|11px]] [[Fajl:Cyrillic capital letter Shha with Cil top.svg|11px]] [[Fajl:Cyrillic capital letter Shha with hook.svg|10px]] || [[Ц̓]] [[Fajl:Cyrillic capital letter Cil.svg|8px|link=Cil (kirilica)]] [[Fajl:Cyrillic capital letter Cil with bar.svg|8px|link=Prěčrknuto cil]] || [[Ч̓]] [[Fajl:Cyrillic capital letter Char.svg|9px|link=Čar (kirilica)]] || [[Ш̆]] || || || || || || ||
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Agulsky jezyk|Agulsky]]
! suč.
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[А (kirilica)|А]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Б]] || [[В (kirilica)|В]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Г]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Д]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ж]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[З]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || [[И]] || || [[Й]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[К (kirilica)|К]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Л]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[М (kirilica)|М]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[О (kirilica)|О]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[П]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[С (kirilica)|С]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[У (kirilica)|У]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ф]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ц]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ч]] || || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ш]] || || [[Щ]] || [[Ъ]] || [[Ы]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || [[Ь]] || [[Э]] || [[Ю]] || [[Я]] || [[Ӏ]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! hist.
| [[Ӓ]] [[А̇]] [[А̨]] || || [[Ԝ]] || [[Ҕ]] || || || [[І (kirilica)|І]] || || [[Ј (kirilica)|Ј]] || [[К̧]] [[К̣]] [[К̱]] [[Fajl:Cyrillic capital letter Ka with loop.svg|12px]] [[Ԛ]] || [[О̨]] [[Ӧ]] || [[П̧]] [[П̓]] || [[С̱]] [[С̧]] || [[Т̧]] [[Т̓]] || [[У (kirilica)|У]] [[У̇]] [[Ӱ]] || [[Х̀]] || [[Һ]] [[Һ̣]] [[Fajl:Cyrillic capital letter Shha with high right breve serif.svg|11px]] [[Fajl:Cyrillic capital letter Shha with Cil top.svg|11px]] || [[Ꚏ]] [[Ц̓]] [[Ц̱]] || [[Ч̓]] || [[Џ]] || [[Ш]] [[Ш̱]] || || || || || || || || ‘&lt;br /&gt;’ 
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Arčinsky jezyk|Arčinsky]]
! suč.
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[А (kirilica)|А]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Б]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[В (kirilica)|В]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Г]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Д]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ж]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[З]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || [[И]] || || [[Й]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[К (kirilica)|К]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Л]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[М (kirilica)|М]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[О (kirilica)|О]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[П]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[С (kirilica)|С]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[У (kirilica)|У]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ц]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ч]] || || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ш]] || || [[Щ]] || [[Ъ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ь]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Э]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || || [[Ӏ]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! hist.
| [[Ԝ]] || [[Ҕ]] || || [[І (kirilica)|І]] || || [[Ј (kirilica)|Ј]] || [[К̧]] [[К̱]] [[Fajl:Cyrillic capital letter Ka with loop.svg|12px]] [[Ԛ]] [[Ԛ̄]] || [[П̧]] [[П̓]] || [[С̱]] [[С̧]] || [[Т̧]] [[Т̓]] || [[Х̀]] || [[Һ]] [[Һ̣]] || [[Ц̓]] [[Ц̱]] [[Ꚏ]] || [[Ч̓]] [[Ч̱]] || [[Џ]] || [[Ш̱]] || || || || [[Fajl:Cyrillic capital letter Ghad.svg|10px]] [[Fajl:Cyrillic capital letter Ghad.svg|10px]]̀  [[Fajl:Cyrillic capital letter Ghad.svg|10px]]ꙻ  [[Fajl:Cyrillic capital letter Ghad.svg|10px]]́  [[Fajl:Cyrillic capital letter curled roundtop El.svg|11px]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Cahursky jezyk|Cahursky]]
! suč.
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[А (kirilica)|А]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Б]] || [[В (kirilica)|В]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Г]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Д]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ж]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[З]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || [[И]] || || [[Й]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[К (kirilica)|К]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Л]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[М (kirilica)|М]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[О (kirilica)|О]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[П]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[С (kirilica)|С]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[У (kirilica)|У]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ф]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ц]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ч]] || || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ш]] || || [[Щ]] || [[Ъ]] || [[Ы]] || || [[Ь]] || [[Э]] || [[Ю]] || [[Я]] || [[Ӏ]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! hist.
| [[А̇]] [[Ӓ]] || || [[Ԝ]] || [[Ҕ]] || || || [[І (kirilica)|І]] || || [[Ј (kirilica)|Ј]] || [[К̧]] [[Fajl:Cyrillic capital letter Ka with loop.svg|12px]] [[Ԛ]] || [[О̇]] [[Ӧ]] || [[П̧]] || [[Т̧]] [[Т̓]] || [[У̇]] [[Ӱ]] || [[Һ]] [[Fajl:Cyrillic capital letter Shha with high right breve serif.svg|11px]] [[Fajl:Cyrillic capital letter Shha with Cil top.svg|11px]] || [[Ц̓]] || [[Ч̓]] || [[Џ]] || [[Шꙻ]] || || || || || || || || || [[Ѵ]]&lt;br /&gt;‘
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! [[Kryzsky jezyk|Kryzsky]]
! suč.
| [[А (kirilica)|А]] || || [[Б]] || [[В (kirilica)|В]] || || [[Г]] || || [[Д]] || || [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || || || [[Ж]] || || [[З]] || || [[И]] || || [[Й]] || || [[К (kirilica)|К]] || || [[Л]] || || [[М (kirilica)|М]] || [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || || [[О (kirilica)|О]] || || [[П]] || || [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || [[С (kirilica)|С]] || || [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || || [[У (kirilica)|У]] || || [[Ф]] || [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || || || [[Ц]] || || [[Ч]] || || || [[Ш]] || || || [[Ъ]] || [[Ы]] || || [[Ь]] || || || || [[ӏ]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Lezginsky jezyk|Lezginsky]]
! suč.
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[А (kirilica)|А]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Б]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[В (kirilica)|В]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Г]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Д]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ж]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[З]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[И]] || || [[Й]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[К (kirilica)|К]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Л]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[М (kirilica)|М]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[О (kirilica)|О]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[П]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[С (kirilica)|С]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[У (kirilica)|У]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ф]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ц]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ч]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ш]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || [[Щ]] || [[Ъ]] || [[Ы]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || [[Ь]] || [[Э]] || [[Ю]] || [[Я]] || [[Ӏ]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! hist.
| [[Ӕ]] || [[Ԝ]] || [[Г̧]] [[Гꙻ]] || [[Ђ]] || || [[Ӡ]] || [[І (kirilica)|І]] || || [[Ј (kirilica)|Ј]] || [[Ќ]] [[К̧]] [[Fajl:Cyrillic capital letter Ka with loop.svg|12px]] [[Кꙻ]] [[Ԛ]] || [[П̓]] [[П̧]] || [[Ꚍ]] [[Т̧]] || [[У̇]] || [[Х̧]] || [[Һ]] [[Fajl:Cyrillic capital letter Shha with high right breve serif.svg|11px]] [[Fajl:Cyrillic capital letter Shha with Cil top.svg|11px]] [[Fajl:Cyrillic capital letter Shha with hook.svg|10px]] || [[Fajl:Cyrillic capital letter Cil.svg|8px|link=Cil (kirilica)]] [[Fajl:Cyrillic capital letter Cil with bar.svg|8px|link=Prěčrknuto cil]] || [[Ч̓]] [[Fajl:Cyrillic capital letter Char.svg|9px|link=Čar (kirilica)]] || || || || || || || ||
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Rutulsky jezyk|Rutulsky]]
! suč.
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[А (kirilica)|А]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Б]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[В (kirilica)|В]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Г]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Д]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || || [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ж]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[З]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || [[И]] || || [[Й]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[К (kirilica)|К]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Л]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[М (kirilica)|М]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[О (kirilica)|О]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[П]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[С (kirilica)|С]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[У (kirilica)|У]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ф]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ц]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ч]] || || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ш]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || [[Щ]] || [[Ъ]] || [[Ы]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || [[Ь]] || [[Э]] || [[Ю]] || [[Я]] || [[Ӏ]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! hist.
| [[Ӓ]] [[А̨]] || [[Ԝ]] || [[Ҕ]] || [[Ә]] || || || [[І (kirilica)|І]] || || [[Ј (kirilica)|Ј]] || [[К̧]] [[К̓]] [[Кꙻ]] [[Fajl:Cyrillic capital letter Ka with loop.svg|12px]] [[Ԛ]] || [[Ӧ]] || [[П̧]] [[П̓]] || [[Т̧]] [[Т̓]] || [[Ӱ]] [[У̨]] || [[Һ]] [[Fajl:Cyrillic capital letter Shha with high right breve serif.svg|11px]] [[Fajl:Cyrillic capital letter Shha with Cil top.svg|11px]] || [[Ц̓]] || [[Ч̓]] || [[Џ]] || || || || || || || || ʼ&lt;br /&gt;ٴٴ
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Tabasaransky jezyk|Tabasaransky]]
! suč.
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[А (kirilica)|А]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Б]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[В (kirilica)|В]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Г]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Д]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ж]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[З]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[И]] || || [[Й]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[К (kirilica)|К]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Л]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[М (kirilica)|М]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[О (kirilica)|О]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[П]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[С (kirilica)|С]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[У (kirilica)|У]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ф]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ц]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ч]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ш]] || || [[Щ]] || [[Ъ]] || [[Ы]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || [[Ь]] || [[Э]] || [[Ю]] || [[Я]] || [[Ӏ]]&lt;br /&gt;'
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! hist.
| [[Ӕ]] || [[Ԝ]] || [[Г̧]] [[Гꙻ]] || [[Ђ]] [[Ђ̆]] || || [[Ӂ]] || [[Ӡ]] || [[І (kirilica)|І]] || || [[Ј (kirilica)|Ј]] || [[Ќ]] [[К̧]] [[Fajl:Cyrillic capital letter Ka with loop.svg|12px]] [[Кꙻ]] [[Ԛ]] || [[П́]] [[П̧]] || [[Ꚍ]] [[Т̧]] || [[У̇]] || [[Х́]] || [[Һ]] [[Fajl:Cyrillic capital letter Shha with high right breve serif.svg|11px]] [[Ꚕ]] [[Fajl:Cyrillic capital letter Shha with Cil top.svg|11px]] [[Fajl:Cyrillic capital letter Shha with hook.svg|10px]] || [[Fajl:Cyrillic capital letter Cil.svg|8px|link=Cil (kirilica)]] [[Fajl:Cyrillic capital letter Cil with bar.svg|8px|link=Prěčrknuto cil]] || [[Ч́]] [[Fajl:Cyrillic capital letter Char.svg|9px|link=Čar (kirilica)]] [[Fajl:Cyrillic small letter Char with high right breve serif.svg|8px|link=Čar s brevisom]] [[Чꙻ]] [[Ч̆]] || [[Ш́]] [[Ш̆]] || || || || || || || || ’
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Udinsky jezyk|Udinsky]]&lt;ref&gt;http://lingvarium.org/maisak/publ/Maisak-2008-Udialphabet.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;
! suč.
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[А (kirilica)|А]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Б]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[В (kirilica)|В]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Г]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Д]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ж]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[З]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[И]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Й]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[К (kirilica)|К]] || [[К']] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Л]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[М (kirilica)|М]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[О (kirilica)|О]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[П]] || [[П']] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[С (kirilica)|С]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || [[Т']] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[У (kirilica)|У]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ф]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ц]] || [[Ц']] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ч]] || [[Ч']] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ш]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ъ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ы]] || || [[Ь]] || [[Э]] || [[Ю]] || [[Я]] || [[Ӏ]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! hist.
| [[А̇]] [[‘А̇|‘А̇]] [[Ӓ]] || [[Ԝ]] || [[Ҕ]] || [[‘Е|‘Е]] [[Е̇]] || [[Ӂ]] || [[Ӡ]] || [[І (kirilica)|І]] [[І̆]] || [[Ј (kirilica)|Ј]] || [[К̧]] [[Fajl:Cyrillic capital letter Ka with loop.svg|12px]] [[К͑]] [[Fajl:Cyrillic capital letter Ka with ascender.svg|9px|link=К s vrhnjeju črtkoju i zarezkoju]]͑ [[Ҝ]] [[Ԛ]] || [[Н̨]] || [[О̇]] [[‘О̇|‘О̇]] [[Ӧ]] || [[П]] [[П̧]] [[П͑]] || [[Т̧]] [[Т͑]] || [[У̇]] [[Ӱ]] || [[Һ]] || [[Ц̓]] [[Ц́]] || [[Ч]] [[Ч̓]] [[Ч́]] || [[Џ]] || [[Ш̆]] || [[Fajl:Cyrillic small letter Yeru with connecting stroke.svg|14px]] [[Ы̇]] || || || || ||
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Čečensky jezyk|Čečensky]]
! suč.
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[А (kirilica)|А]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Б]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[В (kirilica)|В]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Г]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Д]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ж]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[З]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || [[И]] || || [[Й]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[К (kirilica)|К]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Л]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[М (kirilica)|М]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[О (kirilica)|О]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[П]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[С (kirilica)|С]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[У (kirilica)|У]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ф]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ц]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ч]] || || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ш]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || [[Щ]] || [[Ъ]] || [[Ы]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || [[Ь]] || [[Э]] || [[Ю]] || [[Я]] || [[Ӏ]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! hist.
| [[Г̧]] || [[Ђ]] || || [[І (kirilica)|І]] || || [[Ј (kirilica)|Ј]] || [[К̧]] [[Fajl:Cyrillic capital letter Ka with loop.svg|12px]] [[Ԛ]] || [[Н̧]] || [[П̧]] || [[Т̧]] || [[Х̇]] || [[Һ]] [[Fajl:Cyrillic capital letter Shha with hook.svg|10px]] || [[Fajl:Cyrillic capital letter Cil.svg|8px|link=Cil (kirilica)]] [[Ц̓]] [[Ц̀]] || [[Fajl:Cyrillic capital letter Char.svg|9px|link=Čar (kirilica)]] [[Ч̓]] [[Ч̀]] || [[Џ]] || || || || || || || ||
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ingušsky jezyk|Ingušsky]]
! suč.
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[А (kirilica)|А]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Б]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[В (kirilica)|В]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Г]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Д]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ж]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[З]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || [[И]] || || [[Й]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[К (kirilica)|К]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Л]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[М (kirilica)|М]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[О (kirilica)|О]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[П]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[С (kirilica)|С]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[У (kirilica)|У]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ф]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ц]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ч]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ш]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || [[Щ]] || [[Ъ]] || [[Ы]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ь]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Э]] || [[Ю]] || [[Я]] || [[Ӏ]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! hist.
| [[Ӕ]] || [[Г̧]] || [[Ђ]] || || || [[І (kirilica)|І]] || || [[Ј (kirilica)|Ј]] || [[К̧]] [[Fajl:Cyrillic capital letter Ka with ascender.svg|12px]] [[Ԛ]] || [[Н̧]] || [[Ӧ]] || [[П̧]] || [[Т̧]] || [[Ӱ]] || [[Х́]] || [[Һ]] [[Fajl:Cyrillic capital letter Shha with hook.svg|10px]] || [[Ц̓]] || [[Ч̓]] || || || || || || [[Ѵ]]&lt;br /&gt; ’ 
|}

== Kartvelske jezyky ==
{| class=wikitable style=&quot;font-family:Cambria; font-size:11pt; font-weight:bold;&quot;
|+ [[Kartvelske jezyky]]
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
! [[А (kirilica)|А]] !! [[Б]] !! [[В (kirilica)|В]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Г]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Д]] !! [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] !! [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] !! [[Ж]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[З]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[И]] !! [[Й]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[К (kirilica)|К]] !! [[Л]] !! [[М (kirilica)|М]] !! [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] !! [[О (kirilica)|О]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[П]] !! [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] !! [[С (kirilica)|С]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] !! [[У (kirilica)|У]] !! [[Ф]] !! colspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ц]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ч]] !! [[Џ]] !! [[Ш]] !! [[Щ]] !! [[Ъ]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ы]] !! [[Ь]] !! [[Э]] !! [[Ю]] !! [[Я]] !! dr.
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! [[Megrelsky jezyk|Megrelsky]]
! hist.
| [[А (kirilica)|А]] || [[Б]] || [[В (kirilica)|В]] || [[Г]] || [[Ҕ]] || [[Д]] || || [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || || [[Ж]] || [[З]] || [[Ӡ]] || || [[І (kirilica)|І]] || || [[К (kirilica)|К]] || [[Ӄ]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Fajl:Cyrillic capital letter Ka with ascender.svg|12px|link=К s vrhnjeju črtkoju]] || [[Л]] || [[М (kirilica)|М]] || [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || [[О (kirilica)|О]] || [[П]] || [[Ҧ]] || [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || [[С (kirilica)|С]] || [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || [[Ꚋ]] || [[У (kirilica)|У]] || [[Ꙋ]] || [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || || [[Һ]] || [[Ц]] || [[Ҵ]] || [[Ч]] || [[Ꚓ]] || [[Џ]] || [[Ш]] || || || || || || || || || [[Ѵ]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! [[Svansky jezyk|Svansky]]
! hist.
| [[А (kirilica)|А]] || [[Б]] || [[В (kirilica)|В]] || [[Г]] || [[Ҕ]] || [[Д]] || [[Ђ]] || [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || || [[Ж]] || [[З]] || [[Ӡ]] || || [[І (kirilica)|І]] || || [[К (kirilica)|К]] || [[Ӄ]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Ԛ]] || [[Л]] || [[М (kirilica)|М]] || [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || [[О (kirilica)|О]] || [[П]] || [[Ҧ]] || [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || [[С (kirilica)|С]] || [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || [[Ꚋ]] || [[У (kirilica)|У]] || || [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || [[Х́]] || [[Һ]] || [[Ц]] || [[Fajl:Cyrillic capital letter Cil.svg|7px|link=Cil (kirilica)]] || [[Ч]] || [[Fajl:Cyrillic capital letter Char.svg|9px|link=Čar (kirilica)]] || || [[Ш]] || || || || || || || || || [[Ѵ]]
|}

== Paleoazijatske jezyky ==
{| class=wikitable style=&quot;font-family:Cambria; font-size:11pt; font-weight:bold;&quot;
|+ [[Paleoazijatske jezyky]]
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[А (kirilica)|А]] !! [[Б]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[В (kirilica)|В]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Г]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Д]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ж]] !! [[З]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[И]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Й]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[К (kirilica)|К]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Л]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[М (kirilica)|М]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[О (kirilica)|О]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[П]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] !! [[С (kirilica)|С]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[У (kirilica)|У]] !! [[Ф]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] !! [[Ц]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ч]] !! [[Џ]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ш]] !! [[Щ]] !! [[Ъ]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ы]] !! [[Ь]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Э]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ю]] !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Я]] !! dr.
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! [[Dungansky jezyk|Dungansky]]
! suč.
| [[А (kirilica)|А]] || || [[Б]] || [[В (kirilica)|В]] || || [[Г]] || || [[Д]] || || [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || [[Ә]] || [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] || || [[Ж]] || [[Җ]] || [[З]] || [[И]] || || [[Й]] || || [[К (kirilica)|К]] || || [[Л]] || || [[М (kirilica)|М]] || || [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || [[Ң]] || [[О (kirilica)|О]] || || [[П]] || || [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || || [[С (kirilica)|С]] || [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || || [[У (kirilica)|У]] || [[Ў]] [[Ү]] || [[Ф]] || [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || || [[Ц]] || [[Ч]] || || || [[Ш]] || [[Щ]] || [[Ъ]] || || [[Ы]] || || [[Ь]] || [[Э]] || || [[Ю]] || || [[Я]] || ||
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! [[Itelmensky jezyk|Itelmensky]]
! suč.
| [[А (kirilica)|А]] || [[Ӑ]] || [[Б]] || [[В (kirilica)|В]] || || [[Г]] || || [[Д]] || || [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || [[Ә]] || [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] || || [[Ж]] || || [[З]] || [[И]] || || [[Й]] || || [[К (kirilica)|К]] || [[К’]] [[Ӄ]] [[Ӄ’]] || [[Л]] || [[Љ]] [[Ԓ]] || [[М (kirilica)|М]] || || [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || [[Њ]] [[Ӈ]] || [[О (kirilica)|О]] || [[О̆]] || [[П]] || [[П’]] || [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || || [[С (kirilica)|С]] || [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || [[Т’]] || [[У (kirilica)|У]] || [[Ў]] || [[Ф]] || [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || [[Ӽ]] || [[Ц]] || [[Ч]] || [[Ч’]] || || [[Ш]] || [[Щ]] || [[Ъ]] || || [[Ы]] || || [[Ь]] || [[Э]] || || [[Ю]] || || [[Я]] || ||
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! [[Aljutorsky jezyk|Aljutorsky]]
! suč.
| [[А (kirilica)|А]] || || [[Б]] || [[В (kirilica)|В]] || [[В’]] || [[Г]] || [[Г’]] [[Ғ]] || [[Д]] || || [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || [[Ә]] || [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] || || [[Ж]] || || [[З]] || [[И]] || || [[Й]] || || [[К (kirilica)|К]] || [[Ӄ]] || [[Л]] || || [[М (kirilica)|М]] || || [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || [[Ӈ]] || [[О (kirilica)|О]] || || [[П]] || || [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || || [[С (kirilica)|С]] || [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || || [[У (kirilica)|У]] || || [[Ф]] || [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || || [[Ц]] || [[Ч]] || || || [[Ш]] || [[Щ]] || [[Ъ]] || || [[Ы]] || || [[Ь]] || [[Э]] || || [[Ю]] || || [[Я]] || ||
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Čukotsky jezyk|Čukotsky]]
! suč.
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[А (kirilica)|А]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Б]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[В (kirilica)|В]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Г]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Д]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ж]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[З]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[И]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Й]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[К (kirilica)|К]] || [[Ӄ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Л]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ԓ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[М (kirilica)|М]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || [[Ӈ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[О (kirilica)|О]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[П]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[С (kirilica)|С]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[У (kirilica)|У]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ф]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ц]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ч]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ш]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Щ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ъ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ы]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ь]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Э]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ю]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Я]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! hist.
| [[Кʼ]] || [[Нʼ]] [[Ҥ]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Korjaksky jezyk|Korjaksky]]
! suč.
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[А (kirilica)|А]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Б]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[В (kirilica)|В]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Вʼ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Г]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Гʼ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Д]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ж]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[З]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[И]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Й]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[К (kirilica)|К]] || [[Ӄ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Л]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[М (kirilica)|М]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || [[Ӈ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[О (kirilica)|О]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[П]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[С (kirilica)|С]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[У (kirilica)|У]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ф]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ц]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ч]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ш]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Щ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ъ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ы]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ь]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Э]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ю]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Я]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! hist.
| [[К’]] || [[Н’]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Jukagirsky jezyk|Jukagirsky]]
! {{Alt|tund.|Tundrovy jukagirsky}}
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[А (kirilica)|А]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Б]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[В (kirilica)|В]] || [[Ԝ]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Г]] || [[Ҕ]] ([[Ӷ]]) || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Д]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Ж]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[З]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[И]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Й]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[К (kirilica)|К]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Л]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[М (kirilica)|М]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || [[Ҥ]] ([[Ӈ]]) || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[О (kirilica)|О]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ө]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[П]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[С (kirilica)|С]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[У (kirilica)|У]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Ф]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Ц]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Ч]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Ш]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Щ]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Ъ]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Ы]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Ь]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Э]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Ю]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Я]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! {{Alt|lěs.|Lěsny jukagirsky}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || [[Ҕ]] || [[Ң]] 
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! hist.
| [[Ӓ]] [[А̄]] || [[Ӷ]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Ғ]] || [[Д̣]] [[Д’]] || [[І (kirilica)|І]] || [[Ј (kirilica)|Ј]] || [[К̔]] || [[Л’]] || [[Н’]] || [[Ӧ]] [[О̄]] || [[Т̂]] [[Т’]] || [[Ӯ]] || [[Ч̂]] || [[Џ]] || [[L]] :
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ketsky jezyk|Ketsky]]
! suč.
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[А (kirilica)|А]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Б]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[В (kirilica)|В]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Г]] || [[Ӷ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Д]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ә]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ж]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[З]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[И]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Й]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[К (kirilica)|К]] || [[Ӄ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Л]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[М (kirilica)|М]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || [[Ӈ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[О (kirilica)|О]] || [[Ө]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[П]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[С (kirilica)|С]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[У (kirilica)|У]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ф]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ц]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ч]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ш]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Щ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ъ]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ы]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ь]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Э]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ю]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Я]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || ’ 
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! hist.
| [[Ғ]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Г’]] || [[Ё̄]] || [[К’]] || [[Н’]] || [[Ɔ]] [[О̄]] || [[Х’]] [[Һ]] || [[Ъ̈]] [[Ъ̄]] [[Ъ̈̄]] || [[Ӹ]] || ’ [[ʔ]] 
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Nivhsky jezyk|Nivhsky]]
! suč.
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[А (kirilica)|А]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Б]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[В (kirilica)|В]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Г]] || [[Ӷ]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Ғ]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Ӻ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Д]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ж]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[З]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[И]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Й]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[К (kirilica)|К]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[К’]] [[Ӄ]] [[Ӄ’]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Л]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[М (kirilica)|М]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || [[Ӈ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[О (kirilica)|О]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[П]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[П’]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || [[Р̌]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[С (kirilica)|С]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Т’]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[У (kirilica)|У]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ў]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ф]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || [[Ӽ]] [[Ӿ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ц]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ч]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ч’]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ш]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Щ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ъ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ы]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ь]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Э]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ю]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Я]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! hist.
| [[Г’]] || [[Н’]] || [[Р’]] || [[Х’]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Juitsky jezyk|Juitsky]]
! suč.
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[А (kirilica)|А]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Б]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[В (kirilica)|В]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Г]] || [[Ӷ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Д]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ж]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[З]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[И]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Й]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[К (kirilica)|К]] || [[Ӄ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Л]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[М (kirilica)|М]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || [[Ӈ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[О (kirilica)|О]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[П]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[С (kirilica)|С]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[У (kirilica)|У]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ў]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ф]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || [[Ӽ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ц]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ч]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ш]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Щ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ъ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ы]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ь]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Э]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ю]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Я]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! hist.	
| [[Г’]] || [[К’]] || [[Л’]] || [[Н’]] || [[Р’]] || [[Х’]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Aleutsky jezyk|Aleutsky]]
! suč.
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[А (kirilica)|А]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[А̄]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Б]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[В (kirilica)|В]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Г]] || [[Ӷ]] [[Гў]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Д]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Д̆]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Е̄]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ё (kirilica)|Ё]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ж]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[З]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[И]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ӣ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Й]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[ʼЙ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[К (kirilica)|К]] || [[Ӄ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Л]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[ʼЛ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[М (kirilica)|М]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[ʼМ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || [[ʼН]] [[Ӈ]] [[ʼӇ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[О (kirilica)|О]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[О̄]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[П]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[С (kirilica)|С]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[У (kirilica)|У]] || [[Ӯ]] [[ʼЎ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ф]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || [[Ӽ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ц]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ч]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ш]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Щ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ъ]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ы]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ы̄]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ь]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Э]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Э̄]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ю]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ю̄]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Я]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Я̄]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | ʼ 
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! hist.
| [[Г̑]] || [[Ԟ]] || [[Ҥ]] || [[Ў]] || [[Х̑]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! [[Aljutiksky jezyk|Aljutiksky]] &lt;ref&gt;http://www.asna.ca/alaska/alutiiq/primer-prayerbook.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;http://www.asna.ca/alaska/alutiiq/alutiiq-primer.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/633cf7c30b7be51c4e4b22b1/636baa20d0fed94d0d2890cb_Pascha%20Gospel%20Reading.pdf p. 30&lt;/ref&gt;
! hist.	
| [[А (kirilica)|А]] || || [[Б]] || [[В (kirilica)|В]] || || [[Г]] || [[Ӷ]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Г̅]] || [[Д]] || [[Д̅Ж̅]] || [[Е (kirilica)|Е]] || || || || [[Ж]] || || [[З]] || [[И]] || [[І (kirilica)|І]] || || || [[К (kirilica)|К]] || [[Ҟ]] [[Ԟ]] || [[Л]] || [[Ԯ]] || [[М (kirilica)|М]] || || [[Н (kirilica)|Н]] || [[Ҥ]] || [[О (kirilica)|О]] || || [[П]] || || [[Р (kirilica)|Р]] || || [[С (kirilica)|С]] || [[Т (kirilica)|Т]] || || [[У (kirilica)|У]] || [[Ў]] || [[Ф]] || [[Х (kirilica)|Х]] || [[Ӽ]] || || [[Ч]] || || || [[Ш]] || || [[Ъ]] || || [[Ы]] || || [[Ь]] || [[Э]] || || [[Ю]] || || [[Я]] || ||
|}

== Iztočniky i referencije ==
{{Iztočniky}}

{{Kirilica}}

[[Kategorija:Kirilica]]</text>
      <sha1>fg0mqlcoxkhwmn9tuj8orynrzk9imkm</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Uralske jezyky</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>1884</id>
    <revision>
      <id>45031</id>
      <parentid>43491</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-02T17:52:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* Prěgled uralskyh jezykov */</comment>
      <origin>45031</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7097" sha1="4bmqg7daywfxi2p4yzfkm1yb7j7spj0" xml:space="preserve">[[Fajl:Uralic languages ( ALL LANGUAGES ).png|thumb|upright=2|Karta uralskyh jezykov]]
'''Uralske jezyky''' – jezyčna grupa, ktora sostoji se iz ok. 30 živyh i 10 mrtvyh jezykov, govorjenyh od ok. 22–24 milionov ljudij. Jejna teritorija razprostranjaje se po obširnyh čestah sěvernoj Evrazije, od [[Skandinavija|Skandinavije]] do [[Tajmyr|Tajmyrskogo poluostrova]] za [[Ural]]om, a kromě togo sodrživaje teritoriju sučasnoj [[Vugrija|Vugrije]]. Najvažnějše i najbolje znajeme srěd njih sut [[Madjarsky jezyk|madjarsky]], [[Finsky jezyk|finsky]] i [[Estonsky jezyk|estonsky]]. Mnogymi jezykami iz tutoj grupy posluživajut se menše skupčiny v sěvernyh regionah Rosije, a s postupajučeju asimilacijeju jih jezyky sut zagrožene izumiranjem. 

Uralske jezyky vključajut dvě glavne podgrupy: [[Ugrofinske jezyky|ugrofinske]] i [[samojedske jezyky]]. Někoji jezykoznavci takože vključajut v njih takože [[Jukagirsky jezyk|jukagirsky]] i daže [[eskimo-aleutske jezyky]], poširjene na sěvernom vozhodu Rosije, ale ta hipoteza jest sporna. Do 1950-yh lět prědpolagalo se, že uralske jezyky zajedno s [[Altajske jezyk|altajskymi jezykami]] tvorili obču uralsko-altajsku grupu, ale nyně shodnosti medžu njimi raděje pripisyvaje se dolgotrvalomu jezyčnomu kontaktu ili prosto slučajnosti. Ješče menje uznajeme teorije povezyvajut uralske jezyky s [[Indoevropejske jezyky|indoevropejskymi]], [[Jenisejske jezyky|jenisejskymi]] ili [[Dravidske jezyky|dravidskymi jezykami]]. Nostratična hipoteza prědpokladaje makrofamiliju obimajuču vse povyše, a takože [[Kartvelske jezyky|kartvelske]] i [[afroazijatske jezyky]]. 

Prědpolagaje se, že vse uralske jezyky proizhodet od jednogo, prauralskogo jezyka, pravdopodobno govorjenogo někde v srědnjem ili južnom Uralu, ktory šest tyseč lět tomu nazad načel razpadati se v individualne podgrupy. Pokrovnost medžu uralskymi jezykami opiraje se glavno na shodnoj strukturě jezyka, ale v slovosboru jest malo podobnostij. Mnogo razširjene srěd njih jest bogata, aglutinativna [[morfologija]], vključno s obširneju sistemoju gramatičnyh padežev (do 20), a v množinstvu jezykov odrěkanje realizuje se posrědstvom sklanjajemogo pomočnogo glagola. 

== Prěgled uralskyh jezykov ==
Niže prědstavjeny jest prěgled vsih uralskyh jezykov, s dvubukvovym kodom [[ISO 639-1]] i tribukvovym kodom [[ISO 639-3]], a takože s čislom rodnyh govoriteljev danogo jezyka. Ustarěle ili alternativne nazvy jezykov sut pokazane v zatvorkah, dialekty kursivom.

{{Tree list}}
* '''Uralske jezyky'''
** [[Ugrofinske jezyky]]
*** Permsko-finske jezyky
**** Fino-volžske jezyky
***** Fino-saamske jezyky
****** Baltijsko-finske jazyky
******* [[Finsky jezyk|Finsky]] &lt;tt&gt; {{-|[fi, fin]}} &lt;/tt&gt; (5,0 mln.)
******** ''[[Mejankieli]]'' &lt;tt&gt; {{-|[fit]}} &lt;/tt&gt; (70 tys.)
******** {{Tree list/final branch}} ''[[Kvensky jezyk|Kvensky]]'' &lt;tt&gt; {{-|[fkv]}} &lt;/tt&gt; (2–8 tys.)
******* [[Karelsky jezyk|Karelsky]] &lt;tt&gt; {{-|[krl]}} &lt;/tt&gt; (14 tys.)
******** ''[[Olonečsko-karelsky jezyk|Olonečsko-karelsky]]'' &lt;tt&gt; {{-|[olo]}} &lt;/tt&gt; (14–25 tys.)
******** {{Tree list/final branch}} ''[[Ljudijsky jezyk|Ljudijsky]]'' &lt;tt&gt; {{-|[lud]}} &lt;/tt&gt; (300)
******* [[Estonsky jezyk|Estonsky]] &lt;tt&gt; {{-|[et, est]}} &lt;/tt&gt; (1,2 mln.)
******** ''[[Võro]] (Južnoestonsky)'' &lt;tt&gt; {{-|[vro]}} &lt;/tt&gt; (97 tys.)
******* [[Vepssky jezyk|Vepssky]] &lt;tt&gt; {{-|[vep]}} &lt;/tt&gt; (1,3 tys.)
******* [[Votsky jezyk|Votsky]] &lt;tt&gt; {{-|[vot]}} &lt;/tt&gt; (21)
******** ''[[Krevinsky dialekt|Krevinsky]]'' &lt;tt&gt; {{-|[zkv]}} &lt;/tt&gt; †
******* [[Livsky jezyk|Livsky]] (Livonsky) &lt;tt&gt; {{-|[liv]}} &lt;/tt&gt; (1)
******* {{Tree list/final branch}} [[Ižorsky jezyk|Ižorsky]] &lt;tt&gt; {{-|[izh]}} &lt;/tt&gt; (76)
****** {{Tree list/final branch}} Saamske jezyky
******* Zapadnosaamske jezyky
******** [[Južnosaamsky jezyk|Južnosaamsky]] &lt;tt&gt; {{-|[sma]}} &lt;/tt&gt; (600)
******** [[Sěvernosaamsky jezyk|Sěvernosaamsky]] &lt;tt&gt; {{-|[se, sme]}} &lt;/tt&gt; (20 tys.)
******** [[Lule-saamsky jezyk|Lule-saamsky]] &lt;tt&gt; {{-|[smj]}} &lt;/tt&gt; (650)
******** [[Ume-saamsky jezyk|Ume-saamsky]] &lt;tt&gt; {{-|[sju]}} &lt;/tt&gt; (100)
******** {{Tree list/final branch}} [[Pite-saamsky jezyk|Pite-saamsky]] &lt;tt&gt; {{-|[sje]}} &lt;/tt&gt; (25–50)
******* {{Tree list/final branch}} Vozhodnosaamske jezyky
******** [[Inari-saamsky jezyk|Inari-saamsky]] &lt;tt&gt; {{-|[smn]}} &lt;/tt&gt; (400)
******** [[Kildin-saamsky jezyk|Kildin-saamsky]] &lt;tt&gt; {{-|[sjd]}} &lt;/tt&gt; (341)
******** [[Skolta-saamsky jezyk|Skolta-saamsky]] &lt;tt&gt; {{-|[sms]}} &lt;/tt&gt; (330)
******** [[Tersko-saamsky jezyk|Tersko-saamsky]] &lt;tt&gt; {{-|[sjt]}} &lt;/tt&gt; (2)
******** [[Kemi-saamsky jezyk|Kemi-saamsky]] &lt;tt&gt; {{-|[sjk]}} &lt;/tt&gt; †
******** {{Tree list/final branch}} [[Akkala-saamsky jezyk|Akkala-saamsky]] &lt;tt&gt; {{-|[sia]}} &lt;/tt&gt; †
***** [[Mordovske jezyky|Mordovsky]] (300 tys.)
****** [[Erzjansky jezyk|Erzjansky]] &lt;tt&gt; {{-|[myv]}} &lt;/tt&gt;
****** {{Tree list/final branch}} [[Mokšansky jezyk|Mokšansky]] &lt;tt&gt; {{-|[mdf]}} &lt;/tt&gt;
***** Volžske jezyky
****** [[Muromsky jezyk|Muromsky]] †
****** [[Meščersky jezyk|Meščersky]] †
****** {{Tree list/final branch}} [[Merjansky jezyk|Merjansky]] †
***** {{Tree list/final branch}} [[Marijsky jezyk|Marijsky]] (Čeremissky)
****** [[Lukomarijsky jezyk|Lukomarijsky]] &lt;tt&gt; {{-|[mhr]}} &lt;/tt&gt; (470 tys.)
****** [[Gorskomarijsky jezyk|Gorskomarijsky]] &lt;tt&gt; {{-|[mrj]}} &lt;/tt&gt; (30 tys.)
****** {{Tree list/final branch}}[[Sěverozapadnomarijsky jezyk|Sěverozapadnomarijsky]] (7 tys.)
**** {{Tree list/final branch}} [[Permske jezyky]]
***** [[Komi jezyk]]
****** [[Komi-zyrjansky jezyk|Komi-zyrjansky]] &lt;tt&gt; {{-|[kv, kpv]}} &lt;/tt&gt; (99,6 tys.)
****** [[Komi-permjačsky jezyk|Komi-permjačsky]] &lt;tt&gt; {{-|[koi]}} &lt;/tt&gt; (41,4 tys.)
****** {{Tree list/final branch}} [[Komi-jazvinsky jezyk|Komi-jazvinsky]] &lt;tt&gt; &lt;/tt&gt; (několiko sot)
***** {{Tree list/final branch}} [[Udmurtsky jezyk|Udmurtsky]] (Votjačsky) &lt;tt&gt; {{-|[udm]}} &lt;/tt&gt; (270 tys.)
*** {{Tree list/final branch}} [[Ugrske jezyky]]
**** [[Madjarsky jezyk|Madjarsky]] (Vugrsky) &lt;tt&gt; {{-|[hu, hun]}} &lt;/tt&gt; (15 mln.)
**** {{Tree list/final branch}} [[Obsko-ugrske jezyky]]
***** [[Hantyjsky jezyk|Hantyjsky]] (Ostjačsky) &lt;tt&gt; {{-|[kca]}} &lt;/tt&gt; (14 tys.)
***** {{Tree list/final branch}} [[Mansijsky jezyk|Mansijsky]] (Vogulsky) &lt;tt&gt; {{-|[mns]}} &lt;/tt&gt; (2,2 tys.)
** {{Tree list/final branch}} [[Samojedske jezyky]]
*** Sěvernosamojedske jezyky
**** [[Enečsky jezyk|Enečsky]] (69)
***** ''Tundrovo-enečsky'' &lt;tt&gt; {{-|[enh]}} &lt;/tt&gt;
***** ''Lěsno-enečsky'' &lt;tt&gt; {{-|[enf]}} &lt;/tt&gt;
**** [[Nenečsky jezyk|Nenečsky]] (Juračsky) &lt;tt&gt; {{-|[yrk]}} &lt;/tt&gt; (49 tys.)
**** [[Nganasansky jezyk|Nganasansky]] (Tavgijsky) &lt;tt&gt; {{-|[nio]}} &lt;/tt&gt; (100)
**** {{Tree list/final branch}}[[Juračsky jezyk|Juračsky]] &lt;tt&gt; {{-|[rts]}} &lt;/tt&gt; †
*** {{Tree list/final branch}}Južnosamojedske jezyky
**** [[Selkupsky jezyk|Selkupsky]] &lt;tt&gt; {{-|[sel]}} &lt;/tt&gt; (1,6 tys.)
**** [[Kamassky jezyk|Kamassky]] &lt;tt&gt; {{-|[xas]}} &lt;/tt&gt; †
**** {{Tree list/final branch}} [[Matorsky jezyk|Matorsky]] &lt;tt&gt; {{-|[mtm]}} &lt;/tt&gt; †
{{Tree list/end}}

[[Kategorija:Uralske jezyky| ]]
[[Kategorija:Jezyky]]</text>
      <sha1>4bmqg7daywfxi2p4yzfkm1yb7j7spj0</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>К s vrhnjeju črtkoju</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2616</id>
    <revision>
      <id>45006</id>
      <parentid>45003</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-02T12:37:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>45006</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4115" sha1="kplyjpbuom6h5jl3mif2tj0gz3kzurm" xml:space="preserve">{| style=&quot;float:right; text-align:right; border:1px solid #eee; padding:1em 3em; margin:0 0 1em 1em;&quot;
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:bottom&quot;
| [[Fajl:Cyrillic_capital_letter_Ka_with_ascender.svg|class=skin-invert-image|130x130px]]
| &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
| [[Fajl:Cyrillic_small_letter_ka_with_ascender.svg|class=skin-invert-image|112x112px]]
|}
'''{{-|K k}}''' (''ka s vrhnjeju črtoju'') je bukva razširjenoj [[kirilica|kirilice]], upotrěbjena v někojih historičnyh alfabetah [[kabardino-čerkessky jezyk|kabardino-čerkesskogo]], [[udinsky jezyk|udinskogo]] i [[šugnansky jezyk|šugnanskogo]] jezykov. Ona bazuje na bukvě '''{{-|[[к (kirilica)|к]]}}'''. Mala bukva izgledaje identično [[latinica|latinskoj]] bukvě '''{{-|k}}''', ale velika bukva odličaje se legko od latinskoj. One ne sut zakodovane v [[Unikod|Unikodu]] i najprostěje izobražajut se s pomočju latinskyh bukv.

V kabardinskom slovniku Ljva Grigorjeviča Lopatinskogo iz 1890 g.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book | url = https://viewer.rusneb.ru/ru/000202_000006_2582271?page=20&amp;rotate=0&amp;theme=white | last = Лопатинский | first = Л.Г. | title = Русско-кабардинский словарь с указателем и краткою грамматикою | place = Тифлис | publisher = Управленіе Кавказскаго Учебнаго Округа | year = 1890 | pages = 4, 10 | language = ru}}&lt;/ref&gt; i v bukvaru Pago Izmailoviča Tambijeva iz 1906 g. ona označala bezzvučny uvularny plosiv {{MFA|q}}, nyně pisany dvuznakom '''{{-|къ}}'''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web | url = https://www.omniglot.com/writing/kabardian.htm | first = Simon | last = Ager | title = Kabardian (Къэбэрдейбзэ) | website = Omniglot.com | access-date = 2026-08-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;

V publikacijah iz lět 1888 i 1902 bratja Mihail i Semjon Bežanov takože upotrěbjali tutu bukvu v [[udinsky jezyk|udinskom jezyku]] za označen‌je zvuka {{MFA|q}}, nyně pisanogo '''{{-|къ}}''' ili '''{{-|[[ԛ (kirilica)|ԛ]]}}'''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book | url = http://lingvarium.org/maisak/publ/Maisak-2008-Udialphabet.pdf | first = Т. А. | last = Майсак | chapter = Варианты удинской орфографии и транскрипции (краткий обзор) | title = Удинский сборник: грамматика, лексика, история языка | editor1-first = М. Е. | editor1-last = Алексеев | editor2-first = Т. А. | editor2-last = Майсак | editor3-first = Д. С. | editor3-last = Ганенков | editor4-first = Ю. А. | editor4-last = Ландер | location = Москва | publisher = Academia | year = 2008 | pages = 455, 457}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web | title = Udi (удин муз / udin muz) | url = https://www.omniglot.com/writing/udi.htm | website = Omniglot.com | first = Simon | last = Ager | access-date = 2026-08-02 | language = en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

V povyših publikacijah takože nahodi se variant tutoj bukvy s obratnoju zarezkoju ({{-|[[k̔]]}}).

Nakonec, kirilična bukva '''{{-|k}}''' takože nahodila se v slovniku [[Šugnansky jezyk|šugnanskogo jezyka]] Dmitrija Ljvoviča Ivanova iz 1895 g.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal | url = https://viewer.rusneb.ru/ru/000199_000009_003637255?page=310&amp;rotate=0&amp;theme=white | first = К.Г. | last = Залеманъ | title = Шугнанскій словарь Д. Л. Иванова | journal = Восточныя замѣтки : Сборникъ статей и изслѣдованій профессоровъ и преподавателей Факультета восточныхъ языковъ Императорскаго С.-Петербургскаго университета | place = Санктпетербургъ | year = 1895 |  publisher = Типографія Императорской Академіи Наукъ | language = ru | pages = 274}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Fajl:Tambiev 1906, Кабардинская азбука, page 14.png|thumb|left|280px|Kabardinsky alfabet Tambijeva iz 1906 g.|class=skin-invert-image]]
{{clear}}

== Iztočniky ==
{{Iztočniky}}

{{Varianty bukvy К}}
{{Kirilica}}

[[Kategorija:Kirilične bukvy|К]]</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>45007</id>
      <parentid>45006</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-02T12:46:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>45007</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="4118" sha1="2t2h6lsspbpnfgc4290xxa62hhya9qt" xml:space="preserve">{| style=&quot;float:right; text-align:right; border:1px solid #eee; padding:1em 3em; margin:0 0 1em 1em;&quot;
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:bottom&quot;
| [[Fajl:Cyrillic_capital_letter_Ka_with_ascender.svg|class=skin-invert-image|130x130px]]
| &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
| [[Fajl:Cyrillic_small_letter_ka_with_ascender.svg|class=skin-invert-image|112x112px]]
|}
'''{{-|K k}}''' (''ka s vrhnjeju črtoju'') je bukva razširjenoj [[kirilica|kirilice]], upotrěbjena v někojih historičnyh alfabetah [[kabardino-čerkessky jezyk|kabardino-čerkesskogo]], [[udinsky jezyk|udinskogo]] i [[šugnansky jezyk|šugnanskogo]] jezykov. Ona bazuje na bukvě '''{{-|[[к (kirilica)|к]]}}'''. Mala bukva izgledaje identično [[latinica|latinskoj]] bukvě '''{{-|k}}''', ale velika bukva odličaje se legko od latinskoj. One ne sut zakodovane v [[Unikod|Unikodu]] i najprostěje izobražajut se s pomočju latinskyh bukv.

V kabardinskom slovniku Ljva Grigorjeviča Lopatinskogo iz 1890 g.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book | url = https://viewer.rusneb.ru/ru/000202_000006_2582271?page=20&amp;rotate=0&amp;theme=white | last = Лопатинский | first = Л.Г. | title = Русско-кабардинский словарь с указателем и краткою грамматикою | place = Тифлис | publisher = Управленіе Кавказскаго Учебнаго Округа | year = 1890 | pages = 4, 10 | language = ru}}&lt;/ref&gt; i v bukvaru Pago Izmailoviča Tambijeva iz 1906 g. ona označala bezzvučny uvularny plosiv {{MFA|q}}, nyně pisany dvuznakom '''{{-|къ}}'''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web | url = https://www.omniglot.com/writing/kabardian.htm | first = Simon | last = Ager | title = Kabardian (Къэбэрдейбзэ) | website = Omniglot.com | access-date = 2026-08-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;

V publikacijah iz lět 1888 i 1902 bratja Mihail i Semjon Bežanov takože upotrěbjali tutu bukvu v [[udinsky jezyk|udinskom jezyku]] za označen‌je zvuka {{MFA|q}}, nyně pisanogo '''{{-|къ}}''' ili '''{{-|[[ԛ (kirilica)|ԛ’]]}}'''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book | url = http://lingvarium.org/maisak/publ/Maisak-2008-Udialphabet.pdf | first = Т. А. | last = Майсак | chapter = Варианты удинской орфографии и транскрипции (краткий обзор) | title = Удинский сборник: грамматика, лексика, история языка | editor1-first = М. Е. | editor1-last = Алексеев | editor2-first = Т. А. | editor2-last = Майсак | editor3-first = Д. С. | editor3-last = Ганенков | editor4-first = Ю. А. | editor4-last = Ландер | location = Москва | publisher = Academia | year = 2008 | pages = 455, 457}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web | title = Udi (удин муз / udin muz) | url = https://www.omniglot.com/writing/udi.htm | website = Omniglot.com | first = Simon | last = Ager | access-date = 2026-08-02 | language = en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

V povyših publikacijah takože nahodi se variant tutoj bukvy s obratnoju zarezkoju ({{-|[[k̔]]}}).

Nakonec, kirilična bukva '''{{-|k}}''' takože nahodila se v slovniku [[Šugnansky jezyk|šugnanskogo jezyka]] Dmitrija Ljvoviča Ivanova iz 1895 g.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal | url = https://viewer.rusneb.ru/ru/000199_000009_003637255?page=310&amp;rotate=0&amp;theme=white | first = К.Г. | last = Залеманъ | title = Шугнанскій словарь Д. Л. Иванова | journal = Восточныя замѣтки : Сборникъ статей и изслѣдованій профессоровъ и преподавателей Факультета восточныхъ языковъ Императорскаго С.-Петербургскаго университета | place = Санктпетербургъ | year = 1895 |  publisher = Типографія Императорской Академіи Наукъ | language = ru | pages = 274}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Fajl:Tambiev 1906, Кабардинская азбука, page 14.png|thumb|left|280px|Kabardinsky alfabet Tambijeva iz 1906 g.|class=skin-invert-image]]
{{clear}}

== Iztočniky ==
{{Iztočniky}}

{{Varianty bukvy К}}
{{Kirilica}}

[[Kategorija:Kirilične bukvy|К]]</text>
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|- style=&quot;vertical-align:bottom&quot;
| [[Fajl:Cyrillic_capital_letter_Ka_with_ascender.svg|class=skin-invert-image|130x130px]]
| &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
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'''{{-|K k}}''' (''ka s vrhnjeju črtoju'') je bukva razširjenoj [[kirilica|kirilice]], upotrěbjena v někojih historičnyh alfabetah [[kabardino-čerkessky jezyk|kabardino-čerkesskogo]], [[udinsky jezyk|udinskogo]] i [[šugnansky jezyk|šugnanskogo]] jezykov. Ona bazuje na bukvě '''{{-|[[к (kirilica)|к]]}}'''. Mala bukva izgledaje identično [[latinica|latinskoj]] bukvě '''{{-|k}}''', ale velika bukva odličaje se legko od latinskoj. One ne sut zakodovane v [[Unikod|Unikodu]] i najprostěje izobražajut se s pomočju latinskyh bukv.

V kabardinskom slovniku Ljva Grigorjeviča Lopatinskogo iz 1890 g.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book | url = https://viewer.rusneb.ru/ru/000202_000006_2582271?page=20&amp;rotate=0&amp;theme=white | last = Лопатинский | first = Л.Г. | title = Русско-кабардинский словарь с указателем и краткою грамматикою | place = Тифлис | publisher = Управленіе Кавказскаго Учебнаго Округа | year = 1890 | pages = 4, 10 | language = ru}}&lt;/ref&gt; i v bukvaru Pago Izmailoviča Tambijeva iz 1906 g. ona označala bezzvučny uvularny plosiv {{MFA|q}}, nyně pisany dvuznakom '''{{-|къ}}'''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web | url = https://www.omniglot.com/writing/kabardian.htm | first = Simon | last = Ager | title = Kabardian (Къэбэрдейбзэ) | website = Omniglot.com | access-date = 2026-08-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;

V publikacijah iz lět 1888 i 1902 bratja Mihail i Semjon Bežanov takože upotrěbjali tutu bukvu v [[udinsky jezyk|udinskom jezyku]] za označen‌je zvuka {{MFA|q}}, nyně pisanogo '''{{-|къ}}''' ili '''{{-|[[ԛ (kirilica)|ԛ’]]}}'''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book | url = http://lingvarium.org/maisak/publ/Maisak-2008-Udialphabet.pdf | first = Т. А. | last = Майсак | chapter = Варианты удинской орфографии и транскрипции (краткий обзор) | title = Удинский сборник: грамматика, лексика, история языка | editor1-first = М. Е. | editor1-last = Алексеев | editor2-first = Т. А. | editor2-last = Майсак | editor3-first = Д. С. | editor3-last = Ганенков | editor4-first = Ю. А. | editor4-last = Ландер | location = Москва | publisher = Academia | year = 2008 | pages = 455, 457}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web | title = Udi (удин муз / udin muz) | url = https://www.omniglot.com/writing/udi.htm | website = Omniglot.com | first = Simon | last = Ager | access-date = 2026-08-02 | language = en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

V povyših publikacijah takože nahodi se variant tutoj bukvy s obratnoju zarezkoju ({{-|[[К s vrhnjeju črtkoju i obratnoju zarezkoju|k̔]]}}).

Nakonec, kirilična bukva '''{{-|k}}''' takože nahodila se v slovniku [[Šugnansky jezyk|šugnanskogo jezyka]] Dmitrija Ljvoviča Ivanova iz 1895 g.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal | url = https://viewer.rusneb.ru/ru/000199_000009_003637255?page=310&amp;rotate=0&amp;theme=white | first = К.Г. | last = Залеманъ | title = Шугнанскій словарь Д. Л. Иванова | journal = Восточныя замѣтки : Сборникъ статей и изслѣдованій профессоровъ и преподавателей Факультета восточныхъ языковъ Императорскаго С.-Петербургскаго университета | place = Санктпетербургъ | year = 1895 |  publisher = Типографія Императорской Академіи Наукъ | language = ru | pages = 274}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Fajl:Tambiev 1906, Кабардинская азбука, page 14.png|thumb|left|280px|Kabardinsky alfabet Tambijeva iz 1906 g.|class=skin-invert-image]]
{{clear}}

== Iztočniky ==
{{Iztočniky}}

{{Varianty bukvy К}}
{{Kirilica}}

[[Kategorija:Kirilične bukvy|К]]</text>
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        <id>10</id>
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      <text bytes="6936" sha1="cje23zkb0pzgi557y8e1wlhp2hhpgtn" xml:space="preserve">{{Začetok|data=July 2026}}
{{-|''Under construction''}}

{{Jezyky|erz|erza}} 

[[Fajl:Kettenfontäne Bild.png|thumb|Javjenje na foto]]
[[Fajl:Kettenfontäne Video.OGG|thumb|Javjenje na video]]
Fenomén, nazyvany «'''lancuhovy fontan'''» {{Jezyky|en|self-siphoning beads}} jest fizičnym javjenjem, ktoro protivrěči intuicije i ktoro observovujut pri dostatočnoj dolžině lancuha is kulej, uměsčenogo v kubok i kydajemogo dolu pod njego, ktory dalje pokazyvaje avtonomny potok kuljej, beruči načelo od lancuha v kubku, iduči nagoru po dugě, vozdvigajučej se nad krajem kubka, i potom dolu, kako by iztegivany iz kubka  v neviděnom sifonu &lt;ref&gt;Philip Yam (3 juillet 2013), [http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/gravity-defying-self-siphoning-metal-beads-explained-video/ ''Gravity-Defying, Self-Siphoning Metal Beads Explained''], Scientific American&lt;/ref&gt;. Le phénomène a été porté à l'attention du public dans une vidéo faite par le présentateur de télévision et blogueur scientifique {{lien|Steve Mould}}&lt;ref&gt;Elizabeth Gibney (15 janvier 2014), [http://www.nature.com/news/physicists-explain-gravity-defying-chain-trick-1.14523 ''Physicists explain 'gravity-defying' chain trick''], ''Nature''.&lt;/ref&gt;.

Diverses explications ont été avancées quant à la façon dont le phénomène peut être le mieux expliqué en termes de concepts de physique de base tels que l'énergie et la [[quantité de mouvement]]&lt;ref&gt;William Goodman (25 juin 2013), [http://www.cbsnews.com/news/see-physics-phenomenon-of-self-siphoning-beads/ ''See physics phenomenon of self siphoning beads''], CBS News&lt;/ref&gt;{{,}}&lt;ref&gt;Aatish Bhatia (7 janvier 2013), [https://www.wired.com/2013/07/the-physics-of-that-gravity-defying-chain-of-metal-beads/ ''The physics of that gravity-defying chain of metal beads''], ''Wired'' (consulté le 15 janvier 2014).&lt;/ref&gt;{{,}}&lt;ref&gt;Biggins, J.S. ; Warner, M. (2014), ''Understanding the chain fountain'', ''Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences'' 470 (2163): 20130689, {{doi|10.1098/rspa.2013.0689}}. Biggins, J.S. ; Warner, M. (2013), ''Understanding the Chain Fountain''. {{arxiv|1310.4056}} [physics.class-ph]&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Voir aussi ==
* [[Chaînette]]

== Références ==
{{Références}}

== Liens externes ==
{{Autres projets|commons=Category:Self-siphoning beads}}
* [http://stevemould.com/siphoning-beads/ Vidéo de Steve Mould]
* [https://isaacphysics.org/questions/chain_fountain Problèmes de la fontaine de la chaîne pour aider à comprendre ce concept]

[[Kategorija:Fizika]] 
[[Kategorija:Fizične javjenja]] 


{{Quote box
 |quote  = Cry &quot;Havoc&quot;, and let slip the dogs of war.
 |author = [[William Shakespeare]]
 |source = ''[[Julius Caesar (play)|Julius Caesar]]'', Act III, Scene I.
 |width  = 50%
 |align  = right
}}

{{Citatny blok
 |quote  = Cry &quot;Havoc&quot;, and let slip the dogs of war.
 |author = [[William Shakespeare]]
 |source = ''[[Julius Caesar (play)|Julius Caesar]]'', Act III, Scene I.
}}

{{Kartka carstvenna osoba
| name         = Napoleon Bonapart
| image        = [[Fajl:Jacques-Louis David - The Emperor Napoleon in His Study at the Tuileries - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|center|''[[Imperator Napoleon v svojem kabinetu na Tuijeri]]'', Žak-Lui David (1812)]]
| alt          = Portrait of Napoleon in his late thirties, in high-ranking white and dark blue military dress uniform. In the original image he stands amid rich 18th-century furniture laden with papers, and gazes at the viewer. His hair is Brutus style, cropped close but with a short fringe in front, and his right hand is tucked in his waistcoat.
| caption      = ''[[The Emperor Napoleon in His Study at the Tuileries]]'', 1812
| succession   = [[Imperator francuzov]]
| reign        = 18 maja 1804 – {{nowrap|6 aprila 1814}}
| reign_type   = 1. carstvo
| cor_type     = 
| coronation   = 
| predecessor  = 
| successor    = [[Louis XVIII|Lui XVIII]]&lt;ref name=louis&gt; [[Kralj Francije]]&lt;/ref&gt;
| reign_type1  = [[Sto dnjev|2. carstvo]]
| reign1       = {{nowrap|20 mareca 1815 ― 22&amp;nbsp;junija 1815}}
| predecessor1 = 
| successor1   = {{-|Louis XVIII|Луи XVIII}}&lt;ref name=louis/&gt;
{{Collapsible list
| title = Druge dolžnosti
|bullets = true
| 2 = 
'''[[Prvy Konsul Francije|Prvy Konsul Francuzskoj Republiky]]'''&lt;br/&gt;
početok:&amp;nbsp;{{Birth date|1799|12|13|df=yes}} &lt;br/&gt; 
konec:&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;{{Birth date|1804|5|18|df=yes}}
| 1 = 
'''[[Konsulat Francije|Prěhodny Konsul Francuzskoj Republiky]]'''&lt;br/&gt;
početok:&amp;nbsp;{{Birth date|1799|11|10|df=yes}} &lt;br/&gt; 
konec:&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;{{Birth date|1799|12|12|df=yes}}
| 6 = '''[[Protektor Rejnskoj Konfederacije]]'''&lt;br/&gt;
početok:&amp;nbsp;{{Birth date|1806|7|12|df=yes}} &lt;br/&gt; 
konec:&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;{{Birth date|1813|10|19|df=yes}}
| 5 = '''[[Kraljevstvo Italije (Napoleoničsko)|Kralj Italije]]'''&lt;br/&gt;
početok:&amp;nbsp;{{Birth date|1805|3|17|df=yes}} &lt;br/&gt; 
konec:&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;{{Birth date|1814|4|11|df=yes}}
| 4 = '''[[Akt o Mediacije|Mediator Švejcarskoj Konfederacije]]'''&lt;br/&gt;
početok:&amp;nbsp;{{Birth date|1803|2|19|df=yes}} &lt;br/&gt; 
konec:&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;{{Birth date|1813|10|19|df=yes}}
| 3 = '''[[Italijanska Republika (Napoleoničska)|Prezident Italijanskoj Republiky]]'''&lt;br/&gt;
početok:&amp;nbsp;{{Birth date|1802|1|26|df=yes}} &lt;br/&gt; 
konec:&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;{{Birth date|1805|3|17 |df=yes}}
}}
| birth_name   = {{-|Napoleone di Buonaparte}}
| birth_date   = {{Birth date|1769|8|15|df=yes}}
| birth_place  = [[Ajaccio|Ajačo]], Korsika, Francija
| death_date   = {{Death date and age|1821|5|5|1769|8|15|df=yes}}
| death_place  = [[Longwood, Saint Helena|Longvud, Sveta Helena]]
| burial_date  = 15 dekembra 1840
| burial_place = {{lang|fr|[[Les Invalides]]|italic=no}}, Pariž, Francija
| spouses      = {{plainlist|
* {{-|[[Joséphine de Beauharnais]]|[[Joséphine de Beauharnais|Жозефин де Боарне]]}}&lt;br/&gt; 9 mareca 1796 - 10 januara 1810 (anulacija)
* {{-|[[Marie Louise Avstriska]]|[[Marie Louise Avstriska|Мари-Луиз Австриjска]]}}&lt;br&gt; 11 mareca 1810 - 1814 (razvod)}}
| religion     = 
| regnal_name  = 
| issue        = 
| issue_link   = #Children
| issue_pipe   = vyše...
| full_name    = 
| house        = 
| father       = 
| mother       = 
| signature    = [[Fajl:Firma Napoleón Bonaparte.svg|center|200px]]
}}

=== Související články ===
* [[Přívozská halda]]
* [[Halda Hrabůvka]]
* [[Halda Heřmanice]]

Tuto jest peskovišče.

[[File:Nihongo.svg|thumb|right|100px| 日本語 (Japonsky jezyk)]]

'''Japonsky jezyk''' ({{Jezyky|ja|日本語 {{!}} にほんご}} | {{-|''Nihongo'' [nʲiho̞ŋːo̞]}})


{{Kartka činovnik/ofis| name=}}

&lt;span class=&quot;ext-gadget-alphabet-disable&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;

== Referencije ==
&lt;div class=&quot;ext-gadget-alphabet-disable&quot;&gt;
&lt;references group=&quot;lower-alpha&quot;/&gt;
{{Iztočniky}}
&lt;/div&gt;

{{Prěvod|en|Japanese language|}}
[[Kategorija:Jezyk]]

{{Pravopis prověrjeny}}</text>
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{{-|''Under construction''}}

{{Jezyky|myv|erza}} 

[[Fajl:Kettenfontäne Bild.png|thumb|Javjenje na foto]]
[[Fajl:Kettenfontäne Video.OGG|thumb|Javjenje na video]]
Fenomén, nazyvany «'''lancuhovy fontan'''» {{Jezyky|en|self-siphoning beads}} jest fizičnym javjenjem, ktoro protivrěči intuicije i ktoro observovujut pri dostatočnoj dolžině lancuha is kulej, uměsčenogo v kubok i kydajemogo dolu pod njego, ktory dalje pokazyvaje avtonomny potok kuljej, beruči načelo od lancuha v kubku, iduči nagoru po dugě, vozdvigajučej se nad krajem kubka, i potom dolu, kako by iztegivany iz kubka  v neviděnom sifonu &lt;ref&gt;Philip Yam (3 juillet 2013), [http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/gravity-defying-self-siphoning-metal-beads-explained-video/ ''Gravity-Defying, Self-Siphoning Metal Beads Explained''], Scientific American&lt;/ref&gt;. Le phénomène a été porté à l'attention du public dans une vidéo faite par le présentateur de télévision et blogueur scientifique {{lien|Steve Mould}}&lt;ref&gt;Elizabeth Gibney (15 janvier 2014), [http://www.nature.com/news/physicists-explain-gravity-defying-chain-trick-1.14523 ''Physicists explain 'gravity-defying' chain trick''], ''Nature''.&lt;/ref&gt;.

Diverses explications ont été avancées quant à la façon dont le phénomène peut être le mieux expliqué en termes de concepts de physique de base tels que l'énergie et la [[quantité de mouvement]]&lt;ref&gt;William Goodman (25 juin 2013), [http://www.cbsnews.com/news/see-physics-phenomenon-of-self-siphoning-beads/ ''See physics phenomenon of self siphoning beads''], CBS News&lt;/ref&gt;{{,}}&lt;ref&gt;Aatish Bhatia (7 janvier 2013), [https://www.wired.com/2013/07/the-physics-of-that-gravity-defying-chain-of-metal-beads/ ''The physics of that gravity-defying chain of metal beads''], ''Wired'' (consulté le 15 janvier 2014).&lt;/ref&gt;{{,}}&lt;ref&gt;Biggins, J.S. ; Warner, M. (2014), ''Understanding the chain fountain'', ''Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences'' 470 (2163): 20130689, {{doi|10.1098/rspa.2013.0689}}. Biggins, J.S. ; Warner, M. (2013), ''Understanding the Chain Fountain''. {{arxiv|1310.4056}} [physics.class-ph]&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Voir aussi ==
* [[Chaînette]]

== Références ==
{{Références}}

== Liens externes ==
{{Autres projets|commons=Category:Self-siphoning beads}}
* [http://stevemould.com/siphoning-beads/ Vidéo de Steve Mould]
* [https://isaacphysics.org/questions/chain_fountain Problèmes de la fontaine de la chaîne pour aider à comprendre ce concept]

[[Kategorija:Fizika]] 
[[Kategorija:Fizične javjenja]] 


{{Quote box
 |quote  = Cry &quot;Havoc&quot;, and let slip the dogs of war.
 |author = [[William Shakespeare]]
 |source = ''[[Julius Caesar (play)|Julius Caesar]]'', Act III, Scene I.
 |width  = 50%
 |align  = right
}}

{{Citatny blok
 |quote  = Cry &quot;Havoc&quot;, and let slip the dogs of war.
 |author = [[William Shakespeare]]
 |source = ''[[Julius Caesar (play)|Julius Caesar]]'', Act III, Scene I.
}}

{{Kartka carstvenna osoba
| name         = Napoleon Bonapart
| image        = [[Fajl:Jacques-Louis David - The Emperor Napoleon in His Study at the Tuileries - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|center|''[[Imperator Napoleon v svojem kabinetu na Tuijeri]]'', Žak-Lui David (1812)]]
| alt          = Portrait of Napoleon in his late thirties, in high-ranking white and dark blue military dress uniform. In the original image he stands amid rich 18th-century furniture laden with papers, and gazes at the viewer. His hair is Brutus style, cropped close but with a short fringe in front, and his right hand is tucked in his waistcoat.
| caption      = ''[[The Emperor Napoleon in His Study at the Tuileries]]'', 1812
| succession   = [[Imperator francuzov]]
| reign        = 18 maja 1804 – {{nowrap|6 aprila 1814}}
| reign_type   = 1. carstvo
| cor_type     = 
| coronation   = 
| predecessor  = 
| successor    = [[Louis XVIII|Lui XVIII]]&lt;ref name=louis&gt; [[Kralj Francije]]&lt;/ref&gt;
| reign_type1  = [[Sto dnjev|2. carstvo]]
| reign1       = {{nowrap|20 mareca 1815 ― 22&amp;nbsp;junija 1815}}
| predecessor1 = 
| successor1   = {{-|Louis XVIII|Луи XVIII}}&lt;ref name=louis/&gt;
{{Collapsible list
| title = Druge dolžnosti
|bullets = true
| 2 = 
'''[[Prvy Konsul Francije|Prvy Konsul Francuzskoj Republiky]]'''&lt;br/&gt;
početok:&amp;nbsp;{{Birth date|1799|12|13|df=yes}} &lt;br/&gt; 
konec:&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;{{Birth date|1804|5|18|df=yes}}
| 1 = 
'''[[Konsulat Francije|Prěhodny Konsul Francuzskoj Republiky]]'''&lt;br/&gt;
početok:&amp;nbsp;{{Birth date|1799|11|10|df=yes}} &lt;br/&gt; 
konec:&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;{{Birth date|1799|12|12|df=yes}}
| 6 = '''[[Protektor Rejnskoj Konfederacije]]'''&lt;br/&gt;
početok:&amp;nbsp;{{Birth date|1806|7|12|df=yes}} &lt;br/&gt; 
konec:&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;{{Birth date|1813|10|19|df=yes}}
| 5 = '''[[Kraljevstvo Italije (Napoleoničsko)|Kralj Italije]]'''&lt;br/&gt;
početok:&amp;nbsp;{{Birth date|1805|3|17|df=yes}} &lt;br/&gt; 
konec:&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;{{Birth date|1814|4|11|df=yes}}
| 4 = '''[[Akt o Mediacije|Mediator Švejcarskoj Konfederacije]]'''&lt;br/&gt;
početok:&amp;nbsp;{{Birth date|1803|2|19|df=yes}} &lt;br/&gt; 
konec:&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;{{Birth date|1813|10|19|df=yes}}
| 3 = '''[[Italijanska Republika (Napoleoničska)|Prezident Italijanskoj Republiky]]'''&lt;br/&gt;
početok:&amp;nbsp;{{Birth date|1802|1|26|df=yes}} &lt;br/&gt; 
konec:&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;{{Birth date|1805|3|17 |df=yes}}
}}
| birth_name   = {{-|Napoleone di Buonaparte}}
| birth_date   = {{Birth date|1769|8|15|df=yes}}
| birth_place  = [[Ajaccio|Ajačo]], Korsika, Francija
| death_date   = {{Death date and age|1821|5|5|1769|8|15|df=yes}}
| death_place  = [[Longwood, Saint Helena|Longvud, Sveta Helena]]
| burial_date  = 15 dekembra 1840
| burial_place = {{lang|fr|[[Les Invalides]]|italic=no}}, Pariž, Francija
| spouses      = {{plainlist|
* {{-|[[Joséphine de Beauharnais]]|[[Joséphine de Beauharnais|Жозефин де Боарне]]}}&lt;br/&gt; 9 mareca 1796 - 10 januara 1810 (anulacija)
* {{-|[[Marie Louise Avstriska]]|[[Marie Louise Avstriska|Мари-Луиз Австриjска]]}}&lt;br&gt; 11 mareca 1810 - 1814 (razvod)}}
| religion     = 
| regnal_name  = 
| issue        = 
| issue_link   = #Children
| issue_pipe   = vyše...
| full_name    = 
| house        = 
| father       = 
| mother       = 
| signature    = [[Fajl:Firma Napoleón Bonaparte.svg|center|200px]]
}}

=== Související články ===
* [[Přívozská halda]]
* [[Halda Hrabůvka]]
* [[Halda Heřmanice]]

Tuto jest peskovišče.

[[File:Nihongo.svg|thumb|right|100px| 日本語 (Japonsky jezyk)]]

'''Japonsky jezyk''' ({{Jezyky|ja|日本語 {{!}} にほんご}} | {{-|''Nihongo'' [nʲiho̞ŋːo̞]}})


{{Kartka činovnik/ofis| name=}}

&lt;span class=&quot;ext-gadget-alphabet-disable&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;

== Referencije ==
&lt;div class=&quot;ext-gadget-alphabet-disable&quot;&gt;
&lt;references group=&quot;lower-alpha&quot;/&gt;
{{Iztočniky}}
&lt;/div&gt;

{{Prěvod|en|Japanese language|}}
[[Kategorija:Jezyk]]

{{Pravopis prověrjeny}}</text>
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      <contributor>
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      <comment>Prěnapravjenje izměnjeno s [[Gregorijsky kalendar]] na [[Gregoriansky kalendar]]</comment>
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      <minor />
      <comment>IJzeren Jan prěimenoval stranicu [[Грегоријскы календар]] na [[Грегорианскы календар]] bez ostavjenja prěnapravjenja</comment>
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        <id>9</id>
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      <comment>Prěnapravjenje izměnjeno s [[Sovětsky sojuz]] na [[Совєтскы сојуз]]</comment>
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  <page>
    <title>Mordovske jezyky</title>
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      <text bytes="8880" sha1="8c5ql48jjufg5jirnn3cxfx1spuxyew" xml:space="preserve">{{Kartka jezyk
| name             = Mordovske jezyky
| nativename       = &lt;center&gt;'''ru:''' ''({{Jezyky|ru|Мордовские языки}})''&lt;/center&gt;
| image            = 3-Mordvin.png
| imagecaption     = Geografično razprostranjen‌je mordovskyh jezykov na početku XX stolětja&lt;ref name=map1&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Rantanen |first1=Timo |last2=Tolvanen |first2=Harri |last3=Roose |first3=Meeli |last4=Ylikoski |first4=Jussi |last5=Vesakoski |first5=Outi |date=2022-06-08 |title=Best practices for spatial language data harmonization, sharing and map creation—A case study of Uralic |journal=PLOS ONE |language=en |volume=17 |issue=6 |article-number=e0269648 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0269648 |doi-access=free |pmid=35675367 |pmc=9176854 |bibcode=2022PLoSO..1769648R }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=map2&gt;Rantanen, Timo, Vesakoski, Outi, Ylikoski, Jussi, &amp; Tolvanen, Harri. (2021). ''Geographical database of the Uralic languages'' (v1.0) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4784188&lt;/ref&gt;
| states           = [[Rosija]]
| regions          = [[Mordovija]], Jugozapadna i jugoiztočna [[Rosija]]
| speakers         = okolo 274,876
| date             = 2021
| ref              = &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Всероссийская перепись населения 2020 года |trans-title=Whole of Russia Census 2020 |url=https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/Tom5_tab6_VPN-2020.xlsx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230213173532/https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/Tom5_tab7_VPN-2020.xlsx |archive-date=13 February 2023 |website=Федеральная служба государственной статистики |language=ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| script           = * [[kirilica]]
| official         =
| standards        =
| agency           =
| iso1             = nema
| iso3             = mord1256
| family           = * [[Uralske jezyky]]
** [[Ugrofinske jezyky]]
*** [[Finno-permske jezyky]]
**** [[Mordovske jezyky]]
}}

'''Mordovske jezyky''',&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=International Encyclopedia of Linguistics |last=Bright |first=William |year=1992 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-505196-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oo4YAAAAIAAJ&amp;q=Erza }}&lt;/ref&gt; takože znane kako '''mordviniske jezyky''' ili '''mordovsky, mordvinsky jezyk''' ({{Jezyky|ru|Мордовские языки}}),&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=Dictionary of Languages |last=Dalby |first=Andrew |year=1998 |publisher=Columbia University Press |url=https://archive.org/details/dictionaryoflang00dalb |url-access=registration |page=[https://archive.org/details/dictionaryoflang00dalb/page/429 429] |isbn=978-0-231-11568-1 |quote=Erza. }}&lt;/ref&gt; sut podgrupa [[Uralske jezyky|uralskyh jezykov]], sostavjene iz blizko spokrovnjenyh [[Erzjansky jezyk|erzjanskogo jezyka]] i [[Mokšansky jezyk|mokšanskogo jezyka]], oba govorjene v [[Mordovija|Mordoviji]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=Language Policy in the Soviet Union |last=Grenoble |first=Lenore |year=2003 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-1-4020-1298-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Nn3xDTiL0PQC&amp;dq=Mordvinic+languages&amp;pg=PA80 |page=A80 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Raněje sčitany za jedin «mordvinsky jezyk»,&lt;ref name=&quot;UDH&quot;&gt;{{cite book |title=The Uralic languages: Description, history and foreign influences |last=Raun |first=Alo |editor= Sinor, Denis |year=1988 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-07741-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TM2NQ78dP2wC&amp;pg=PA96 |page=A96 }}&lt;/ref&gt; sejčas on jest považany za malu grupu jezykov.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |year=2022 |first1=Arja |last1=Hamari |first2=Rigina |last2=Ajanki |chapter=Mordvin (Erzya and Moksha) |editor1=Marianne Bakró-Nagy |editor-link=Marianne Bakró-Nagy |editor2=Johanna Laakso |editor3=Elena Skribnik |title=The Oxford Guide to the Uralic Languages |publisher=Oxford University Press |pages=392–431}}&lt;/ref&gt; Po pričině razlik v fonologiji, leksikě i gramatikě, erzjansky i mokšansky ne sut vzajemno razumlive.&lt;ref&gt;Феоктистов А. П. Мордовские языки. основы финно-угорского языкознания. Прибалтийско-финские, саамский и мордовские языки. М., 1975&lt;/ref&gt; Oba mordovske jezyky takože imajut odděljene literaturne formy. Erzjansky literaturny jezyk byl stvorjeny v 1922 godu, a mokšansky v 1923 godu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=The Peoples of the USSR |last=Wixman |first=Ronald |year=1984 |publisher=M.E. Sharpe |isbn=978-0-87332-506-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WKrN10g4whAC&amp;pg=PA137 |page=A137 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Čislo nositeljev==

Čislo nositeljev — okolo 274,876 ljudij po prěpisu 2021 goda.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Всероссийская перепись населения 2020 года |trans-title=Whole of Russia Census 2020 |url=https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/Tom5_tab6_VPN-2020.xlsx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230213173532/https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/Tom5_tab7_VPN-2020.xlsx |archive-date=13 February 2023 |website=Федеральная служба государственной статистики |language=ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Klasifikacija==

[[File:Moksha-Erzya-Shoksha dialects in Mordovia map.svg|thumb|400px|Dialekty mokšanskogo i erzjanskogo jezykov v Republikě Mordoviji {{legend|red|Mokšansky}} *'''M-I''' Centralna grupa *'''M-II''' Zapadna grupa *'''M-III''' Jugoiztočna grupa {{legend|blue|Erzjansky}} *'''E-I''' Centralna grupa *'''E-II''' Zapadna grupa *'''E-III''' Sěverozapadna grupa *'''E-IV''' Jugoiztočna grupa {{legend|magenta|Šokšansky}} *'''E-V''' Šokšansky dialekt]]

Tradicijno, uralisti grupovali mordovske i [[marijsky jezyk|marijske]] jezyky zajedno v tak zvanoj ''povolžskoj'' větvě uralskoj familije; tuto mněnje bylo jednakože opuščeno na koncu 20. stolětja.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |year=1988 |last=Abondolo |first=Daniel |title=The Uralic Languages |location=London &amp; New York |publisher=Routledge |page=4 |quote=[...] the idea, once widely-held, that there was a common Mordva-Mari protolanguage (so-called 'proto-Volgaic') is now out of favour.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Vměsto togo, někoji uralisti nyně prědpočitajut model bystrogo razširjen‌ja, s mordvinskym kako jedna iz deveti glavnyh větv uralskyh jezykov; drugi prědlagajut blizko srodstvo mordvinskogo s [[finsky jezyk|finskymi]] i [[saamske jezyky|saamskymi]] větvami uralskyh jezykov.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last=Nichols |first=Johanna |year=2021 |title=The Origin and Dispersal of Uralic: Distributional Typological View |journal=Annual Review of Linguistics |volume=7 |pages=351–369 |doi=10.1146/annurev-linguistics-011619-030405 |s2cid=234179048 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |year=2022 |first=Janne |last=Saarikivi |chapter=The divergence of Proto-Uralic and its offspring: A descendant reconstruction |editor1=Marianne Bakró-Nagy |editor2=Johanna Laakso |editor3=Elena Skribnik |title=The Oxford Guide to the Uralic Languages |publisher=Oxford University Press |pages=28–58}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last=Piispanen |first=Peter S. |title=Statistical Dating of Finno-Mordvinic Languages through Comparative Linguistics and Sound Laws |journal=Fenno-Ugrica Suecana Nova Series. 15 |url=https://www.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.356081.1510165947!/menu/standard/file/FUS2016-15_06a-PSP-Final.pdf |year=2016 |pages=1–58}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Lingvistična harakteristika==

===Fonetika i fonologija===

Fonologične razliky medžu oboma jezykami vključajut:
* Mokšansky održivaje različen‌je medžu vokalami {{IPA|ɛ, e}}, a v erzjanskom oni slili se v {{IPA|e}}.
* V neakcentovanyh slogah, erzjansky imaje harmoniju vokalov kako mnoge druge uralske jezyky, uživajuči {{IPA|e}} v slovah s prědnjimi vokalami i {{IPA|o}} v slovah s zadnjimi vokalami. Mokšansky imaje prosto šva {{IPA|ə}} na jihnom městě.
* Na početku slova, erzjansky imaje postalveolarny afrikat {{IPA|tʃ}}, odgovarjajuči frikativu {{IPA|ʃ}} v mokšanskom.
* Redom s bezzvučnymi suglaskami, likvidy {{IPA|r, rj, l, lj}} i poluvokal {{IPA|j}} obezzvučajut se v mokšanskom do {{IPA|r̥}}, {{IPA|r̥j}}, {{IPA|l̥}}, {{IPA|l̥j}}, {{IPA|ȷ̊}}.

==Dialekty==

Srědnjevěčny [[meščersky jezyk]] može byti byl mordvinsky ili blizky k mordvinskomu.&lt;ref name=Janse2000&gt;{{cite book |last=Janse |first=Mark |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JdzVePSApMgC&amp;pg=PA108 |title=Language Death and Language Maintenance |author2=Sijmen Tol |author3=Vincent Hendriks |publisher=John Benjamins Publishing Company |year=2000 |isbn=978-90-272-4752-0 |page=A108}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* [[Erzjansky jezyk]]
** Centralna grupa
** Zapadna grupa
** Sěverozapadna grupa
** Jugoiztočna grupa
** Šokšansky dialekt
* [[Mokšansky jezyk]]
** Centralna grupa
** Zapadna grupa
** Jugoiztočna grupa

==Iztočniky==
{{Iztočniky}}

{{Uralske jezyky}}

{{Prěvod|en|Mordvinic languages}}

{{Pravopis prověrjeny}}
[[Kategorija:Uralske jezyky]]
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      <comment>Removing [[:c:File:MassEffect.jpg|MassEffect.jpg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Yann|Yann]] because: Copyright violation, see [[:c:Commons:Licensing|]].</comment>
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      <text bytes="17142" sha1="cec9ywyw093n58hcc9imazlujkm76tz" xml:space="preserve">{{Kartka kompjuterna igra|obložka=|razrabotniki=[[BioWare]]|izdatelji=[[Microsoft Game Studios]]|serija=[[Mass Effect]]|dataizdanja=[[Xbox 360]]:
[[Severna Amerika]]: 20 november 2007
[[Avstralija]]: 22 november 2007
[[Evropejsky sojuz]]: 23 november 2007

[[Microsoft Windows|Windows]]:

[[Severna Amerika]]: 28 maj 2008
[[Avstralija]]: 5 junij 2008
[[Evropejsky sojuz]]: 6 junij 2008

[[PlayStation 3]]:

[[Severna Amerika]]: 4 dekembr 2012
[[Evropejsky sojuz]]: 7 dekembr 2012|žanr=action role-playing|platformy=[[Xbox 360]], [[Microsoft Windows]], [[PlayStation 3]]|igrovy motor=[[Unreal Engine 3]]|režim igry=Jedin igrač|glava=[[Casey Hudson]]|gejmdizajner=Preston Watamaniuk|programist=David Falkner|hudožnik=Derek Watts|kompozitori=[[Jack Wall]], [[Sam Hulick]], [[Richard Jacques]], David Kates}}'''''Mass Effect''''' ({{Jezyky|isv|Efekt Masy}}) — [[kompjuterna igra]] v žanru action-role-play, ktoru stvorila studija [[BioWare]] i izdala [[Microsoft Game Studios]] v 2007 leto&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web| url = https://www.ign.com/articles/2007/11/19/mass-effect-review-2| date = November 19, 2007| title = Mass Effect Review| first = Erik| last = Brudvig}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Je prva čast [[Mass Effect|serije Mass Effect]].

V 2007 leto igra prišla jedino toliko na [[Xbox 360]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web| url = http://xbox360.gamespy.com/xbox-360/mass-effect/836239p1.html| title = Mass Effect| date = November 19, 2007| first = Gerald| last = Villoria}}&lt;/ref&gt;. V 2008 javila se versija igry na [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web| url = http://pc.gamespy.com/pc/bioware-rpg/877353p1.html| title = BioWare's space opera comes to PC and is still one of the greatest role-playing games we've ever played.| date = May 28, 2008| first = Gerald| last = Villoria}}&lt;/ref&gt;, v 2012 prišla versija na [[PlayStation 3]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web| url = https://www.ign.com/articles/2012/09/26/mass-effect-trilogy-set-announced| title = Mass Effect Trilogy Set Announced| date = September 26, 2012| first = Andrew| last = Goldfarb}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web| url = https://www.gamespot.com/articles/mass-effect-trilogy-comes-to-ps3-dec-4/1100-6399374/| title = Mass Effect Trilogy comes to PS3 Dec. 4| date = November 2, 2010| first = Eddie| last = Makuch}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web| url = https://blog.bioware.com/2012/11/01/ryan-warden-an-update-on-the-mass-effect-trilogy/| title = Ryan Warden: An Update on the Mass Effect Trilogy| date = November 1, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web| url = https://www.ign.com/articles/2012/11/30/reminder-mass-effect-comes-to-ps3-very-soon| title = Reminder: Mass Effect Comes to PS3 Very Soon| date = November 30, 2012| first = Colin| last = Moriarty}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Sjužet igry govori o tom, že v 22-om stoletju [[človečstvo]] spoznalo i naučilo se rabotati s tehnologijeju svrhsvetlovyh letanij v [[Kosmos|kosmosu]] s pomočju nekakogo nuljevogo elementa, ktory obnuljal masu-težinu (toj momen vpisan je v nazvanje igry). A takože v to stoletje ljudi zakontaktovali se v inoplanetnymi civilizacijami. 

Glavny heroj ili herojinja (to izbiraje igrač) igry je komander Šepard dobyvaje status Spektra — specialnogo soldata na služenju galaktičnoj rady-soveta Citadely i so svojim odredom pošeti različne mesta i zvezdne sistemy galaktiky.

V 2008 leto za igru izdali dodatny konent pod nazvoju ''{{-|Bring Down the Sky}}''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web| url = http://pc.gamespy.com/pc/bioware-rpg/894639p1.html| title = Free Downloadable Content Now Available for Mass Effect PC| date = July 29, 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;, v ktorom potrebno bylo spasati planetu Tera Nova od asteroida {{-|X57}} i teroristov&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web| url = https://www.ign.com/articles/2008/02/25/mass-effect-bring-down-the-sky-interview| title = Mass Effect: Bring Down the Sky Interview| date = February 25, 2008| first = Erik| last = Brudvig}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

V 2009 leto za igru izdali dodatny kontent pod nazvoju ''{{-|Pinnacle Station}}'', ktory dodaval nekoliko zadanij, a takože dobyti v nagradu apartamenty&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web| url = https://www.eurogamer.net/me-pinnacle-station-dlc-detailed| title = New Mass Effect DLC detailed| date = August 24, 2009| first = Robert| last = Purchese}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web| url = https://gamemag.ru/news/44026/mass-effect-dopolnenie-pinnacle-station-dostupno-v-xbox-live| title = Mass Effect: Дополнение &quot;Pinnacle Station&quot; доступно в Xbox Live| date = August 24, 2009| last = livesaifer}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web| url = https://www.gamespot.com/articles/new-mass-effect-dlc-avatar-items-now-available/1100-6216123/| title = New Mass Effect DLC, avatar items now available. UPDATE Microsoft releases Pinnacle Station, a 13-mission, two-to-three-hour add-on to the popular Xbox 360 role-playing game; Mass Effect outfits hit Marketplace en masse.| date = August 25, 2009| first = Tor| last = Thorsen}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web| url = https://www.ign.com/articles/2009/08/25/mass-effect-pinnacle-station-review| title = Mass Effect: Pinnacle Station Review| date = August 25, 2009| first = Erik| last = Brudvig}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Dalje byli izdane igry [[Mass Effect 2]] v 2010 leto i [[Mass Effect 3]] v 2012&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;, ktore obrazovali trilogiju o komanderu Šepardu.

V 2021 leto igra byla obnovjena v svezku izdanja [[Mass Effect: Legendary Edition]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web| url = https://news.ea.com/press-releases/press-releases-details/2021/Relive-the-Award-Winning-Space-Opera-in-Mass-Effect-Legendary-Edition-on-May-14/default.aspx| title =  Relive the Award-Winning Space Opera in Mass Effect Legendary Edition on May 14| date = February 2, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Gejmplej ==
''{{-|Mass Effect}} '' — je igra v žanru action-rpg za jednogo igrača, v ktoroj igrač upravjaje komanderom Šepardom ({{Jezyky|en|Commander Shepard}}) s pogledom od tretjego lica.

Pred početkom igry potrebno izbrati ime igrača (ktoro na igrovy svet ne vlijaje), pol, izgled, jedin iz nekoliko variantov predhistorije, igrovy klas-specialnost. Za izbor dostupne sut 6 klasov. Každy klas imaje svoju specialnost v oružju i sposobnostah.

Igrač i učestniki odreda mogut orudovati vsakym oružjem, ale efektivnost togo zavisi od klasa i parametrov každogo.

Na kosmičnom korabu igrača dostupna je karta galaktiky, s pomočju ktoroj igrač može premeščati se po svetu. V galaktikě sut grupy-skupiny zvezd, v ktoryh sut zvezdne sistemy, v ktoryh už sut planety i kosmične stancije. Za premeščenije medžu grupami zvezd potrebno upotrebjati retranslatory masy ({{Jezyky|en|Mass-Relay}}).

Kosmičny korab igrača imaje nazvu &quot;Normandija&quot; ({{Jezyky|en|Normandy SR-1}}) — to je esperimentalny korab, ktory stvorili naučniki Aliansa sistem ({{Jezyky|en|Systems Alliance}})  v koperacije s turianskymi ({{Jezyky|en|turians}}) specialistami. Toj korab upotrebjaje se igračem za putovanje medžu planetami i zvezdami s pomočju interaktivnoj karty.

Na korabu irač može govoriti s ljudami-služebnikami koraba (medikami, inženjerami) i učestnikami svojego odreda.

Na planetah i stancijah igrač izpolnjaje zadanja-operacije, kvesty i vzajemodejstvuje s {{-|NPC}}.

Po završenju-koncu zadanij igrač dobyvaje specialne pointy, ktore dozvoljajut razvivati sposobnosti, dobyvaje predmety za inventar. Inventar imaje razmer v 150 elementov-predmetov. Nepotrebne predmety možno prodati, utilizirovati v omni-gel, ktory je potreben za otkrytje zamkov i remonta vsekdehoda &quot;Mako&quot;

Vsekdehod &quot;Mako&quot; možno upotrebjati na planetah za premeščenje na velike distancije i streljbu po neprijateljam. Takože vsekdehod je pomočen na nektoryh zlyh planetah, na ktoryh okolična pogoda jest škodliva dlja odreda.

A na kosmičnyh stancijah i planetah možno kupiti različne predmety kako oružje, bronju i dodatne ulepšenja.

=== Bojeva sistema ===
Boji idut v realnom času. Igrač upravjaje Šepardom od tretjego lica. V odredu igrača takože je jedino dva personaža, ktorymi upravjaje kompjuter i ktorym može davati komandy igrač, naprimer: atakovati neprijatelja, zajeti ukrytje i tako dalje.

V čas boja igrač može otkryti taktično menju, ktoro stopuje igru i v ktorom možno smeniti oružje, ukazati koju sposobnost upotrebiti (kako Šepardu tako i učestnikam odreda). Každa sposobnost imaje svoju meru-vreme za obnovjene posle každogo upotrebjenja. 

Oružje igrača ne trebuje naboja, jednako dost silna streljba može pregreti oružje i nektoro vreme nemožno bude streljati. To trebuje delati pauzu medžu streljanjem.

V igrě sut 4 tipov oružja: pistolety, pompovky, vintovky, snajperske ružja i granaty.

Bronja takože različna: legka, sredna, težka. Vsaka bronja imaje različne specializacije i sposobnosti. Takože može byti ograničenje v zavisnosti od klasa igrača ili učestnika odreda. Takože je razlika medžu civilizacijami: ljudi i azari ({{Jezyky|en|asari}}) mogut nositi jednu bronju, turianci imajut svoju bronju, krogani ({{Jezyky|en|krogans}}) svoju.

Akoli gibnut učestniki odreda, to ih možno lečiti s pomočju medi-gela, akoli gibne igrač, to treba restartovati igru od poslednego shranjenja.

== Dodatne epizody ({{-|DLC}}) ==
Dlja ''{{-|Mass Effect}}'' je bylo izdano 2 {{-|DLC}}. Na početku na [[Xbox 360]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;, a potom na [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;. V 2012 leto {{-|DLC}} ''{{-|Bring Down the Sky}}'' bylo izdano za [[PlayStation 3]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;, ale vtoro {{-|DLC}} ne bylo izdano.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width: 100%;&quot;
|- style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;width:40%;&quot; |Nazva
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Data izdanja
|-
! style=&quot;width:20%;&quot; |Xbox 360
! style=&quot;width:20%;&quot; |Microsoft Windows
! style=&quot;width:20%;&quot; |PlayStation 3
|-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#e6e9ff&quot; |
|- align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#f2f2f2&quot;
|{{Jezyky|en|Bring Down the Sky}}
|20 marec 2008 leta
|28 maj 2008 leta
|4 dekembr 2012 leta
|-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;border: none; vertical-align: top;&quot; |
V {{-|DLC}} jedno zadanje, v ktorom piraty-batarianci ({{Jezyky|en|batarians}}) hčut skydnuti asteroid {{-|X57}} na planetu Tera Nova ({{Jezyky|en|Terra Nova}}).
|-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#e6e9ff&quot; |
|- align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#f2f2f2&quot;
|{{Jezyky|en|Pinnacle Station}}
|25 avgust 2009 leta
|25 avgust 2009 leta
|nema
|-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;border: none; vertical-align: top;&quot; |
To vtoro {{-|DLC}} dodaje trenovačnu kosmičnu stanciju. Jejny komandir je admiral Ahern ({{Jezyky|en|Tadius Ahern}}). Igrač može trenovati se na stancije v simulatoru, ktory imaje 12 scenarijev i bonusny scenarij, ktory simuliruje jedin boj iz Vojny Prvogo Kontakta ({{Jezyky|en|First Contact War}}). Akoli završiti bonusny scenarij, igrač dobyvaje v dar apartamenty na planetě Intajsej ({{Jezyky|en|Intai'sei}}), v ktoryh igrač može kupiti redke predmety za dost malu cenu, ktora je vo mnogo raz niže, neželi v magazinah.
|}

== Muzika ==
Muzikalne kompozicije stvorjal [[Jack Wall]], ktory do ''{{-|Mass Effect}}'' stvoril saundtrek dlja igry [[Jade Empire]] 2005-go leta i ktoru takože stvorila [[BioWare]].

20 novembra 2007-go leta label [[Sumthing Else]] izdal album ''{{-|Mass Effect Original Game Soundtrack}}''&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite web| url = https://vgmdb.net/album/5380| title = Mass Effect Original Soundtrack| date = November 13, 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web| url = https://www.gamesindustry.biz/sumthing-else-music-works-announces-release-of-the-mass-effect-original-soundtrack-from-the-blockbuster-xbox-360r-video-game| title = Sumthing Else Music Works Announces Release Of The Mass Effect Original Soundtrack From The Blockbuster Xbox 360(R) Video Game| date = November 19, 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;, ktory sodržal v sobě 37 kompozicij iz igry (obča dolgota 1 čas i 15 minut), a takože kompoziciju iz albuma [[M4 (muzikalny album)|M4]] kanadskoj [[indie-rock]] grupy [[Faunts (muzikalna grupa)|Faunts]], ktora zvuči v igrě pri finalnyh titrah&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;. 

13 novembra 2012-go leta label [[FUNimation]] izdal album ''{{-|Mass Effect Paragon Lost Original Motion Picture Soundtrack}}'', s dolgotoju 1 čas i 9 minut, ktory sodržal v sobě 27 kompozicij iz [[anime]]-seriala [[Mass Effect: Paragon Lost]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web| url = https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/press-release/2012-11-08/mass-effect/paragon-lost-animated-film-score-composed-by-joshua-r-mosley-and-david-kates| title =  Mass Effect: Paragon Lost Animated FIlm Score Composed by Joshua R. Mosley and David Kates| date = November 8, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Anons i izdanje ==
{{Sistemne potreby|useminandrec=1|platform1=Osobne kompjutery|os1=[[Windows XP]] i [[Windows Vista]]|os1rec=[[Windows XP]] i vyše|cpu1=2,4 Ghz [[Intel]] ili 2,0 Ghz [[AMD]]|cpu1rec=2,6 Ghz {{-|Intel}} ili 2,4 Ghz {{-|AMD}} i vyše|gpu1=|gpu1rec=|memory1=1 [[Gigabajt|Gb]] [[RAM]] ({{-|XP}})/2 Gb RAM ({{-|Vista}})|memory1rec=2 Gb {{-|RAM}} i vyše|hdspace1=12 Gb|hdspace1rec=12Gb i vyše|media1=|media1rec=|display1=[[Nvidia GeForce|Nvidia GeForce 6]] ({{-|6800GT}} ili lepje) ili  / [[ATI Radeon]] {{-|1300XT}} s poddržkoj šajder-modely 3.0|display1rec=[[GeForce]] 7900 {{-|GTX}} / [[ATI Radeon]] {{-|X1800 XL}} i vyše|network1=|network1rec=|sound1=Sumestima-kompatibilna s {{-|DirectX 9.0}} sumestima [[zvukova karta]]|sound1rec=Sumestima-kopmatibilna {{-|DirectX 9.0}} s i vyše sumestima [[zvukova karta]]|input1=|input1rec=}}
Igra oficialno byla anonsovana je na [[Xbox show]] v [[Amsterdam|Amsterdamu]] 4 oktobra 2005-go leta&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web| url = https://www.ign.com/articles/2005/10/04/x05-mass-effect-eyes-on| title = X05: Mass Effect: Eyes-On| date = October 4, 2005| first = Charles| last = Onyett}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

V maju 2006-go leta demonstracijna versija igry byla predstavjena na [[Electronic Entertainment Expo]] i dobyla [[Game Critics Awards]] kak najlepa roleva igra&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web| url = https://www.gamespot.com/articles/e3-06-mass-effect-impressions/1100-6150171/| title = E3 06: Mass Effect Impressions| date = May 11, 2006| first = Greg| last = Mueller}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web| url = https://www.ign.com/articles/2006/05/10/e3-2006-mass-effect-impressions| title = E3 2006: Mass Effect Impressions| date = May 10, 2006| first = Charles| last = Onyett}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Novy gejmplej byl pokazan je v septembru 2006-go leta na [[Xbox show]] v [[Barselona|Barseloně]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web| url = https://www.gamesindustry.biz/microsoft-announces-x06| title = Microsoft Announces X06| date = June 22, 2006}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

V marcu 2007-go leta gejmplej byl pokazan je cely čas v [[San-Francisko]] na [[Game Developeres Conference]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web| url = https://www.ign.com/articles/2007/03/07/gdc-2007-mass-effect-the-first-hour| title = GDC 2007: Mass Effect - The First Hour| date = March 7, 2007| first = Hilary| last = Goldstein| first2 = Erik| last2 = Brudvig}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Povtorno igra byla pokazana na Electronic Entertainment Expo v juliju 2007-go leta&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web| url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CItElYfc47g| title = Live from the Santa Monica Pier! Mass Effect Stage Demo| date = July 19, 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

V avgustu 2007-go leta byla pokazana na [[Games Convention]] v [[Leipzig|Leipzigu]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web| url = https://www.gamesindustry.biz/critically-acclaimed-rpg-mass-effect-begins-epic-journey-on-23rd-november-2007| title = Critically-Acclaimed RPG &quot;Mass Effect&quot; Begins Epic Journey on 23rd November 2007| date = August 31, 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

V izdanje igra pošla 20 novembra 2007-go leta&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web| url = https://news.microsoft.com/source/2007/11/20/gamer-excitement-reaches-galactic-proportions-as-mass-effect-touches-down-today-on-retail-shelves-in-north-america/| title = Gamer Excitement Reaches Galactic Proportions as “Mass Effect” Touches Down Today on Retail Shelves in North America| date = November 20, 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Prodolženje-sikvel ==
Tvorjenje vtoroj igry počelo se v početku 2008-go leta. [[Mass Effect 2]] byla izdana je 26 januara 2010-go leta&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web| url = https://www.vg247.com/mass-effect-comfirmed-for-january-2010-release-with-preorder-bonus| title = Mass Effect 2 confirmed for January 2010 release with preorder bonus| date = October 16, 2009| first = Stephany| last = Nunneley-Jackson}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web| url = https://www.cnews.ru/news/line/mass_effect_2_data_vyhoda| title = Mass Effect 2. Дата выхода| date = October 17, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web| url = https://gamemag.ru/news/48799/mass-effect-2-stal-pervym-igrovym-blokbasterom-2010-goda| title = Mass Effect 2 стал первым игровым блокбастером 2010 года| date = February 3, 2010| first = Сергей| last = Дьяконенко}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Na PlayStation 3 igra byla izdana 18 januara 2011-go leta. V Mass Effect 2 možno importovati shranjenu igru iz Mass Effect — dejanja iz prvoj igry imajut vliv vo vtoroj.

== Iztočniky ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Vnešne linky ==

* {{MobyGames|31277/mass-effect/}}

[[Kategorija:Mass Effect]]
[[Kategorija:Kompjuterne igry, ktore stvorila BioWare]]
[[Kategorija:Kompjuterne igry, ktore izdala Electronic Arts]]
[[Kategorija:Igry za Windows]]
[[Kategorija:Igry za Xbox 360]]
[[Kategorija:Igry na igromotoru Unreal Engine 3]]
[[Kategorija:Igry za PlayStation 3]]
[[Kategorija:Videoigry]]</text>
      <sha1>cec9ywyw093n58hcc9imazlujkm76tz</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>К s vrhnjeju črtkoju i obratnoju zarezkoju</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>5960</id>
    <revision>
      <id>45009</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-02T13:04:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Stvorjena nova stranica s tekstom: «{| style=&quot;width:260px; float:right; clear:right; border:1px solid #eee; padding-left:2em; padding-right:2em; margin-left:1em; margin-bottom:1em; text-align:center;&quot; | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:90pt; font-family:Gentium Plus;&quot;&gt;{{-|K̔&amp;thinsp;k̔}}&lt;/span&gt; |} {{-|'''K̔, k̔'''}} (''ka s vrhnjeju črtoju i obratnoju zarezkoju'') je bukva razširjenoj [[kirilica|kirilice]], upotrěbjena v historičnyh alfabetah kabardino-čerkessky jezyk|kabardino-čerkessk...»</comment>
      <origin>45009</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3058" sha1="gdnizn7p6817h1hae4svmcpw7ufu8lz" xml:space="preserve">{| style=&quot;width:260px; float:right; clear:right; border:1px solid #eee; padding-left:2em; padding-right:2em; margin-left:1em; margin-bottom:1em; text-align:center;&quot;
| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:90pt; font-family:Gentium Plus;&quot;&gt;{{-|K̔&amp;thinsp;k̔}}&lt;/span&gt;
|}
{{-|'''K̔, k̔'''}} (''ka s vrhnjeju črtoju i obratnoju zarezkoju'') je bukva razširjenoj [[kirilica|kirilice]], upotrěbjena v historičnyh alfabetah [[kabardino-čerkessky jezyk|kabardino-čerkesskogo]] i [[udinsky jezyk|udinskogo]] jezykov. Ona bazuje na kiriličnoj bukvě '''{{-|[[К s vrhnjeju črtkoju|k]]}}''', koristanoj v tyhže jezykah. One ne sut zakodovane v [[Unikod|Unikodu]] i najprostěje izobražajut se s pomočju latinskyh bukv s kombinujučeju obratnoju zarezkoju.

V kabardinskom slovniku Lva Grigorjeviča Lopatinskogo iz 1890 g.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book | url = https://viewer.rusneb.ru/ru/000202_000006_2582271?page=20&amp;rotate=0&amp;theme=white | last = Лопатинский | first = Л.Г. | title = Русско-кабардинский словарь с указателем и краткою грамматикою | place = Тифлис | publisher = Управленіе Кавказскаго Учебнаго Округа | year = 1890 | pages = 4, 10 | language = ru}}&lt;/ref&gt; i v bukvaru Pago Izmailoviča Tambija iz 1906 g. ona označala bezzvučnu uvularnu afrikatu {{MFA|q͡χ}}, nyně pisany trojznakom '''{{-|къх}}'''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web | url = https://www.omniglot.com/writing/kabardian.htm | first = Simon | last = Ager | title = Kabardian (Къэбэрдейбзэ) | website = Omniglot.com | access-date = 2026-08-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;

V publikacijah iz lět 1888 i 1902 bratja Mihail i Semjon Bežanov upotrěbjali tutu bukvu v [[udinsky jezyk|udinskom jezyku]] za označen‌je ejektivnogo uvularnogo plosiva {{MFA|q’}}, nyně pisanogo dvuznakom {{-|'''хъ'''}} ili kiriličym '''{{-|[[ԛ (kirilica)|ԛ]]}}'''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book | url = http://lingvarium.org/maisak/publ/Maisak-2008-Udialphabet.pdf | first = Т. А. | last = Майсак | chapter = Варианты удинской орфографии и транскрипции (краткий обзор) | title = Удинский сборник: грамматика, лексика, история языка | editor1-first = М. Е. | editor1-last = Алексеев | editor2-first = Т. А. | editor2-last = Майсак | editor3-first = Д. С. | editor3-last = Ганенков | editor4-first = Ю. А. | editor4-last = Ландер | location = Москва | publisher = Academia | year = 2008 | pages = 450, 455, 457}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web | title = Udi (удин муз / udin muz) | url = https://www.omniglot.com/writing/udi.htm | website = Omniglot.com | first = Simon | last = Ager | access-date = 2026-08-02 | language = en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Fajl:Tambiev 1906, Кабардинская азбука, page 14.png|thumb|left|280px|Kabardinsky alfabet Tambijeva iz 1906 g.|class=skin-invert-image]]
{{clear}}

== Iztočniky ==
{{Iztočniky}}

{{Varianty bukvy К}}
{{Kirilica}}

[[Kategorija:Kirilične bukvy]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>45010</id>
      <parentid>45009</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-02T13:04:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>9</id>
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| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:90pt; font-family:Gentium Plus;&quot;&gt;{{-|K̔&amp;thinsp;k̔}}&lt;/span&gt;
|}
{{-|'''K̔, k̔'''}} (''ka s vrhnjeju črtkoju i obratnoju zarezkoju'') je bukva razširjenoj [[kirilica|kirilice]], upotrěbjena v historičnyh alfabetah [[kabardino-čerkessky jezyk|kabardino-čerkesskogo]] i [[udinsky jezyk|udinskogo]] jezykov. Ona bazuje na kiriličnoj bukvě '''{{-|[[К s vrhnjeju črtkoju|k]]}}''', koristanoj v tyhže jezykah. One ne sut zakodovane v [[Unikod|Unikodu]] i najprostěje izobražajut se s pomočju latinskyh bukv s kombinujučeju obratnoju zarezkoju.

V kabardinskom slovniku Lva Grigorjeviča Lopatinskogo iz 1890 g.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book | url = https://viewer.rusneb.ru/ru/000202_000006_2582271?page=20&amp;rotate=0&amp;theme=white | last = Лопатинский | first = Л.Г. | title = Русско-кабардинский словарь с указателем и краткою грамматикою | place = Тифлис | publisher = Управленіе Кавказскаго Учебнаго Округа | year = 1890 | pages = 4, 10 | language = ru}}&lt;/ref&gt; i v bukvaru Pago Izmailoviča Tambijeva iz 1906 g. ona označala bezzvučnu uvularnu afrikatu {{MFA|q͡χ}}, nyně pisany trojznakom '''{{-|къх}}'''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web | url = https://www.omniglot.com/writing/kabardian.htm | first = Simon | last = Ager | title = Kabardian (Къэбэрдейбзэ) | website = Omniglot.com | access-date = 2026-08-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;

V publikacijah iz lět 1888 i 1902 bratja Mihail i Semjon Bežanov upotrěbjali tutu bukvu v [[udinsky jezyk|udinskom jezyku]] za označen‌je ejektivnogo uvularnogo plosiva {{MFA|q’}}, nyně pisanogo dvuznakom {{-|'''хъ'''}} ili kiriličym '''{{-|[[ԛ (kirilica)|ԛ]]}}'''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book | url = http://lingvarium.org/maisak/publ/Maisak-2008-Udialphabet.pdf | first = Т. А. | last = Майсак | chapter = Варианты удинской орфографии и транскрипции (краткий обзор) | title = Удинский сборник: грамматика, лексика, история языка | editor1-first = М. Е. | editor1-last = Алексеев | editor2-first = Т. А. | editor2-last = Майсак | editor3-first = Д. С. | editor3-last = Ганенков | editor4-first = Ю. А. | editor4-last = Ландер | location = Москва | publisher = Academia | year = 2008 | pages = 450, 455, 457}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web | title = Udi (удин муз / udin muz) | url = https://www.omniglot.com/writing/udi.htm | website = Omniglot.com | first = Simon | last = Ager | access-date = 2026-08-02 | language = en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Fajl:Tambiev 1906, Кабардинская азбука, page 14.png|thumb|left|280px|Kabardinsky alfabet Tambijeva iz 1906 g.|class=skin-invert-image]]
{{clear}}

== Iztočniky ==
{{Iztočniky}}

{{Varianty bukvy К}}
{{Kirilica}}

[[Kategorija:Kirilične bukvy]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>45012</id>
      <parentid>45010</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-02T13:14:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>45012</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3241" sha1="jh4lehm8izff4gxshktc5gn3k72oqi0" xml:space="preserve">{| style=&quot;width:260px; float:right; clear:right; border:1px solid #eee; padding-left:2em; padding-right:2em; margin-left:1em; margin-bottom:1em; text-align:center;&quot;
| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:90pt; font-family:Gentium Plus;&quot;&gt;{{-|K̔&amp;thinsp;k̔}}&lt;/span&gt;
|-
| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:90pt; font-family:Gentium Plus;&quot;&gt;{{-|K͑&amp;thinsp;k͑}}&lt;/span&gt;
|}
{{-|'''K̔, k̔'''}} (''ka s vrhnjeju črtkoju i obratnoju zarezkoju'') je bukva razširjenoj [[kirilica|kirilice]], upotrěbjena v historičnyh alfabetah [[kabardino-čerkessky jezyk|kabardino-čerkesskogo]] i [[udinsky jezyk|udinskogo]] jezykov. Ona bazuje na kiriličnoj bukvě '''{{-|[[К s vrhnjeju črtkoju|k]]}}''', koristanoj v tyhže jezykah. One ne sut zakodovane v [[Unikod|Unikodu]] i najprostěje izobražajut se s pomočju latinskyh bukv s kombinujučeju obratnoju zarezkoju. V někojih izvorah zaměsto zarezky koristaje se lěva polovina prsenja ('''{{-|k͑}}''').

V kabardinskom slovniku Lva Grigorjeviča Lopatinskogo iz 1890 g.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book | url = https://viewer.rusneb.ru/ru/000202_000006_2582271?page=20&amp;rotate=0&amp;theme=white | last = Лопатинский | first = Л.Г. | title = Русско-кабардинский словарь с указателем и краткою грамматикою | place = Тифлис | publisher = Управленіе Кавказскаго Учебнаго Округа | year = 1890 | pages = 4, 10 | language = ru}}&lt;/ref&gt; i v bukvaru Pago Izmailoviča Tambijeva iz 1906 g. ona označala bezzvučnu uvularnu afrikatu {{MFA|q͡χ}}, nyně pisany trojznakom '''{{-|къх}}'''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web | url = https://www.omniglot.com/writing/kabardian.htm | first = Simon | last = Ager | title = Kabardian (Къэбэрдейбзэ) | website = Omniglot.com | access-date = 2026-08-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;

V publikacijah iz lět 1888 i 1902 bratja Mihail i Semjon Bežanov upotrěbjali tutu bukvu v [[udinsky jezyk|udinskom jezyku]] za označen‌je ejektivnogo uvularnogo plosiva {{MFA|q’}}, nyně pisanogo dvuznakom {{-|'''хъ'''}} ili kiriličym '''{{-|[[ԛ (kirilica)|ԛ]]}}'''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book | url = http://lingvarium.org/maisak/publ/Maisak-2008-Udialphabet.pdf | first = Т. А. | last = Майсак | chapter = Варианты удинской орфографии и транскрипции (краткий обзор) | title = Удинский сборник: грамматика, лексика, история языка | editor1-first = М. Е. | editor1-last = Алексеев | editor2-first = Т. А. | editor2-last = Майсак | editor3-first = Д. С. | editor3-last = Ганенков | editor4-first = Ю. А. | editor4-last = Ландер | location = Москва | publisher = Academia | year = 2008 | pages = 450, 455, 457}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web | title = Udi (удин муз / udin muz) | url = https://www.omniglot.com/writing/udi.htm | website = Omniglot.com | first = Simon | last = Ager | access-date = 2026-08-02 | language = en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Fajl:Tambiev 1906, Кабардинская азбука, page 14.png|thumb|left|280px|Kabardinsky alfabet Tambijeva iz 1906 g.|class=skin-invert-image]]
{{clear}}

== Iztočniky ==
{{Iztočniky}}

{{Varianty bukvy К}}
{{Kirilica}}

[[Kategorija:Kirilične bukvy]]</text>
      <sha1>jh4lehm8izff4gxshktc5gn3k72oqi0</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>К с врхњеју чрткоју и обратноју зарезкоју</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>5961</id>
    <redirect title="К s vrhnjeju črtkoju i obratnoju zarezkoju" />
    <revision>
      <id>45014</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-02T13:17:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Stvorjena nova stranica s tekstom: «#REDIRECTS [[К s vrhnjeju črtkoju i obratnoju zarezkoju]] [[Kategorija:Кириличне буквы]]»</comment>
      <origin>45014</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="104" sha1="mht8e7589rqj6zpz9nnfwxzci1u5kjr" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECTS [[К s vrhnjeju črtkoju i obratnoju zarezkoju]]
[[Kategorija:Кириличне буквы]]</text>
      <sha1>mht8e7589rqj6zpz9nnfwxzci1u5kjr</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>45015</id>
      <parentid>45014</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-02T13:17:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Prěnapravjenje stranice na [[К s vrhnjeju črtkoju i obratnoju zarezkoju]]</comment>
      <origin>45015</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="103" sha1="sr43xka9vsr5wgfk2pxwuri9z1lq86h" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[К s vrhnjeju črtkoju i obratnoju zarezkoju]]
[[Kategorija:Кириличне буквы]]</text>
      <sha1>sr43xka9vsr5wgfk2pxwuri9z1lq86h</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ԟ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>5962</id>
    <revision>
      <id>45016</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-02T14:11:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Stvorjena nova stranica s tekstom: «[[Fajl:Cyrillic letter Aleut Ka.svg | 240px | right]] '''Ԟ''', '''ԟ''' (''ka s črtkoju s prava'' ili ''aleutsko ka'') je bukva razširjenoj [[kirilica|kirilice]], osnovana na bukvě '''[[K (kirilica)|{{-|к}}]]'''. Ona byla sedmu bukva v misionarskom alfabetu, upotrěbjenom v [[aleutsky jezyk|aleutskom]] bukvaru iz 1893 g. za označen‌je bezzvučnogo uvularnogo plosiva {{MFA|q}}, nyně pisanogo bukvoju '''[[ӄ]]'''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web | url = http://w...»</comment>
      <origin>45016</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2764" sha1="nx76y9i8v4p0vpjh9rzuu0189ee3qv2" xml:space="preserve">[[Fajl:Cyrillic letter Aleut Ka.svg | 240px | right]]
'''Ԟ''', '''ԟ''' (''ka s črtkoju s prava'' ili ''aleutsko ka'') je bukva razširjenoj [[kirilica|kirilice]], osnovana na bukvě '''[[K (kirilica)|{{-|к}}]]'''. Ona byla sedmu bukva v misionarskom alfabetu, upotrěbjenom v [[aleutsky jezyk|aleutskom]] bukvaru iz 1893 g. za označen‌je bezzvučnogo uvularnogo plosiva {{MFA|q}}, nyně pisanogo bukvoju '''[[ӄ]]'''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web | url = http://www.asna.ca/alaska/aleut/aleut-primer.pdf | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150923175343/http://www.asna.ca/alaska/aleut/aleut-primer.pdf | archive-date = 2015-09-23 | title = Алеутскій букварь | location = Sankt-Peterburg | year = 1893 | publisher = Digital Typography www.asna.ca | pages = 5}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kromě togo, ona takože nahodila se v misionarskom alfabetu za [[aljutiksky jezyk]] v bukvaru iz 1848 g.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web | url = https://www.asna.ca/alaska/alutiiq/alutiiq-primer.pdf | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20061019183217/https://www.asna.ca/alaska/alutiiq/alutiiq-primer.pdf | archive-date = 2006-10-19 | first = Ilya | last = Tyzhnov | title = Alutiiq Primer | year = 2005 | publisher = Digital Typography www.asna.ca | pages = 5}}&lt;/ref&gt; (v drugyh aljutorskyh alfabetah 19. stolětja takože strěčajut se varianty '''[[ҟ]]''' i '''{{Calibri|[[к̉]]}}''').

== Kodovan‌je ==
V 2007 g. '''Ԟ''' i '''ԟ''' byli čest grupy novyh kiriličnyh bukv prědloženyh za vključen‌je v [[Unikod]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url = http://www.unicode.org/L2/L2007/07003r-n3194r-cyrillic.pdf | title = Proposal to encode additional Cyrillic characters in the BMP of the UCS | author = Michael Everson, David Birnbaum, Ralph Cleminson, Ivan Derzhanski, Vladislav Dorosh, Alexej Kryukov, Sorin Paliga, Klaas Ruppel | date = 2007-03-21 | format = PDF | access-date = 2026-08-02 | language = en | archive-date = 2019-06-14 | archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20190614234301/http://www.unicode.org/L2/L2007/07003r-n3194r-cyrillic.pdf | pages = 2}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

{{Kodovanje
| 1-znak = Ԟ | 1-nazva = CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ALEUT K | 1-sist16 = 051E | 1-sist10 = 1310 | 1-utf8 = D4 9E
| 2-znak = ԟ | 2-nazva = CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ALEUT K | 2-sist16 = 051F | 2-sist10 = 1311 | 2-utf8 = D4 9F
}}

== Iztočniky ==
{{Iztočniky}}

== Vněšnje linky ==
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+051E | title = U+051E Cyrillic Capital Letter Aleut Ka | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+051F| title = U+051F Cyrillic Small Letter Aleut Ka | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}

{{Varianty bukvy К}}
{{Kirilica}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:К}}
[[Kategorija:Kirilične bukvy]]
[[Kategorija:Кириличне буквы]]</text>
      <sha1>nx76y9i8v4p0vpjh9rzuu0189ee3qv2</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ҝ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>5963</id>
    <revision>
      <id>45017</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-02T15:48:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Stvorjena nova stranica s tekstom: «[[Fajl:Cyrillic letter Ka with Vertical Stroke.svg | 240px | right]] '''Ҝ''', '''ҝ''' (''ka s vertikalnoju črtkoju'') je bukva razširjenoj [[kirilica|kirilice]], osnovana na bukvě '''[[К (kirilica)|{{-|к}}]]'''.   V [[azerbajdžansky jezyk|azerbajdžanskom]] kiriličnom alfabetu, ktora v [[Azerbajdžan|Azerbajdžanu]] byla oficialna v 1939–1991 lětah, a do dnes upotrěbjaje se v [[Dagestan|Dagestanu]], ona označaje zvučny palatalny plosiv {...»</comment>
      <origin>45017</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2973" sha1="itbg6ekmoygfph5fwoaiujwn98rxreu" xml:space="preserve">[[Fajl:Cyrillic letter Ka with Vertical Stroke.svg | 240px | right]]
'''Ҝ''', '''ҝ''' (''ka s vertikalnoju črtkoju'') je bukva razširjenoj [[kirilica|kirilice]], osnovana na bukvě '''[[К (kirilica)|{{-|к}}]]'''. 

V [[azerbajdžansky jezyk|azerbajdžanskom]] kiriličnom alfabetu, ktora v [[Azerbajdžan|Azerbajdžanu]] byla oficialna v 1939–1991 lětah, a do dnes upotrěbjaje se v [[Dagestan|Dagestanu]], ona označaje zvučny palatalny plosiv {{MFA|ɟ}}. Od prěhod na [[latinica|latinicu]] v Azerbajdžanu, tutoj zvuk piše se latinskoju bukvoju {{-|'''g'''}}. Ta sama bukva takože byla upotrěbjena za pisanje [[gorsko-jevrejsky jezyk|gorsko-jevrejskogo]] (tatskogo) jezyka v Azerbajdžanu, a poněkogda ješče koristaje se v [[Izraelj|Izraelju]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web | first = Геник | last = Исаков | url = https://stmegi.com/upload/iblock/907/9070555acc266095d83c687ab7b300d7.pdf | Букварь джуури. Пособие по изучению языка джуури для детей дошкольного и младшего школьного возраста | location = Москва | publisher = Благотворительный фонд СТМЭГИ | year = 2020 | pages = 7, 42 | access-date = 2026-08-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;

V variantu [[udinsky jezyk|udinskogo jezyka]], razrabotanom V.L. Gukasjanom i koristanom njim v publikacijah 1960–1980-yh lět, bukva '''ҝ''' (pozajeta iz azerbajdžanskogo alfabeta) označaje palatalizovany zvučny velarny plosiv {{MFA|gʲ}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book | url = http://lingvarium.org/maisak/publ/Maisak-2008-Udialphabet.pdf | first = Т. А. | last = Майсак | chapter = Варианты удинской орфографии и транскрипции (краткий обзор) | title = Удинский сборник: грамматика, лексика, история языка | editor1-first = М. Е. | editor1-last = Алексеев | editor2-first = Т. А. | editor2-last = Майсак | editor3-first = Д. С. | editor3-last = Ганенков | editor4-first = Ю. А. | editor4-last = Ландер | location = Москва | publisher = Academia | year = 2008 | pages = 445, 453}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kodovan‌je ==
{{Kodovanje
| 1-znak = Ҝ | 1-nazva = CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KA WITH VERTICAL STROKE | 1-sist16 = 049C | 1-sist10 = 1180 | 1-utf8 = D2 9C
| 2-znak = ҝ | 2-nazva = CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KA WITH VERTICAL STROKE | 2-sist16 = 049D | 2-sist10 = 1181 | 2-utf8 = D2 9D
}}

== Iztočnik ==
{{Iztočniky}}

== Vněšnje linky ==
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+049C | title = U+049C Cyrillic Capital Letter Ka with Vertical Stroke | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+049D| title = U+049D Cyrillic Small Letter Ka with Vertical Stroke | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}

{{Kirilica}}
{{Varianty bukvy К}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:К}}
[[Kategorija:Kirilične bukvy]]
[[Kategorija:Кириличне буквы]]</text>
      <sha1>itbg6ekmoygfph5fwoaiujwn98rxreu</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>45019</id>
      <parentid>45017</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-02T15:49:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>45019</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2981" sha1="fefvkvjttp3ydxkpivf4kpfvp7zz2ub" xml:space="preserve">[[Fajl:Cyrillic letter Ka with Vertical Stroke.svg | 240px | right]]
'''Ҝ''', '''ҝ''' (''ka s vertikalnoju črtkoju'') je bukva razširjenoj [[kirilica|kirilice]], osnovana na bukvě '''[[К (kirilica)|{{-|к}}]]'''. 

V [[azerbajdžansky jezyk|azerbajdžanskom]] kiriličnom alfabetu, ktora v [[Azerbajdžan|Azerbajdžanu]] byla oficialna v 1939–1991 lětah, a do dnes upotrěbjaje se v [[Dagestan|Dagestanu]], ona označaje zvučny palatalny plosiv {{MFA|ɟ}}. Od prěhod na [[latinica|latinicu]] v Azerbajdžanu, tutoj zvuk piše se latinskoju bukvoju {{-|'''g'''}}. Ta sama bukva takože byla upotrěbjena za pisanje [[gorsko-jevrejsky jezyk|gorsko-jevrejskogo]] (tatskogo) jezyka v Azerbajdžanu, a poněkogda ješče koristaje se v [[Izraelj|Izraelju]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web | first = Геник | last = Исаков | url = https://stmegi.com/upload/iblock/907/9070555acc266095d83c687ab7b300d7.pdf | title = Букварь джуури. Пособие по изучению языка джуури для детей дошкольного и младшего школьного возраста | location = Москва | publisher = Благотворительный фонд СТМЭГИ | year = 2020 | pages = 7, 42 | access-date = 2026-08-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;

V variantu [[udinsky jezyk|udinskogo jezyka]], razrabotanom V.L. Gukasjanom i koristanom njim v publikacijah 1960–1980-yh lět, bukva '''ҝ''' (pozajeta iz azerbajdžanskogo alfabeta) označaje palatalizovany zvučny velarny plosiv {{MFA|gʲ}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book | url = http://lingvarium.org/maisak/publ/Maisak-2008-Udialphabet.pdf | first = Т. А. | last = Майсак | chapter = Варианты удинской орфографии и транскрипции (краткий обзор) | title = Удинский сборник: грамматика, лексика, история языка | editor1-first = М. Е. | editor1-last = Алексеев | editor2-first = Т. А. | editor2-last = Майсак | editor3-first = Д. С. | editor3-last = Ганенков | editor4-first = Ю. А. | editor4-last = Ландер | location = Москва | publisher = Academia | year = 2008 | pages = 445, 453}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kodovan‌je ==
{{Kodovanje
| 1-znak = Ҝ | 1-nazva = CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KA WITH VERTICAL STROKE | 1-sist16 = 049C | 1-sist10 = 1180 | 1-utf8 = D2 9C
| 2-znak = ҝ | 2-nazva = CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KA WITH VERTICAL STROKE | 2-sist16 = 049D | 2-sist10 = 1181 | 2-utf8 = D2 9D
}}

== Iztočnik ==
{{Iztočniky}}

== Vněšnje linky ==
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+049C | title = U+049C Cyrillic Capital Letter Ka with Vertical Stroke | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+049D| title = U+049D Cyrillic Small Letter Ka with Vertical Stroke | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}

{{Kirilica}}
{{Varianty bukvy К}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:К}}
[[Kategorija:Kirilične bukvy]]
[[Kategorija:Кириличне буквы]]</text>
      <sha1>fefvkvjttp3ydxkpivf4kpfvp7zz2ub</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Kategorija:CS1 errors: unrecognized parameter</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>5964</id>
    <revision>
      <id>45018</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-02T15:49:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Stvorjena nova stranica s tekstom: «[[Kategorija:CS1 errors]]»</comment>
      <origin>45018</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="25" sha1="n9we731p6t26ojlj2y9wkes7ik71a2s" xml:space="preserve">[[Kategorija:CS1 errors]]</text>
      <sha1>n9we731p6t26ojlj2y9wkes7ik71a2s</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Erzjansky jezyk</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>5965</id>
    <revision>
      <id>45020</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-02T16:02:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Panslavist</username>
        <id>34</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Stvorjena nova stranica s tekstom: «{{Kartka jezyk | name             = Erzjanski jezyk | nativename       = &lt;center&gt;'''erz.:''' ''({{Jezyky|myv|Эрзянь кель}}, ''Erzjanj kelj'')''&lt;/center&gt; | image            = 3-Mordvin.png | imagecaption     = Geografično razprostranjenje mordovskyh jezykov na početku XX stolětja&lt;ref name=map1&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Rantanen |first1=Timo |last2=Tolvanen |first2=Harri |last3=Roose |first3=Meeli |last4=Ylikoski |first4=Jussi |last5=Vesakoski |...»</comment>
      <origin>45020</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4078" sha1="brtvay66hdg3ql5ifecopu44ui3aoq0" xml:space="preserve">{{Kartka jezyk
| name             = Erzjanski jezyk
| nativename       = &lt;center&gt;'''erz.:''' ''({{Jezyky|myv|Эрзянь кель}}, ''Erzjanj kelj'')''&lt;/center&gt;
| image            = 3-Mordvin.png
| imagecaption     = Geografično razprostranjenje mordovskyh jezykov na početku XX stolětja&lt;ref name=map1&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Rantanen |first1=Timo |last2=Tolvanen |first2=Harri |last3=Roose |first3=Meeli |last4=Ylikoski |first4=Jussi |last5=Vesakoski |first5=Outi |date=2022-06-08 |title=Best practices for spatial language data harmonization, sharing and map creation—A case study of Uralic |journal=PLOS ONE |language=en |volume=17 |issue=6 |pages=e0269648 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0269648 |doi-access=free |pmid=35675367 |pmc=9176854 |bibcode=2022PLoSO..1769648R }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=map2&gt;Rantanen, Timo, Vesakoski, Outi, Ylikoski, Jussi, &amp; Tolvanen, Harri. (2021). ''Geographical database of the Uralic languages'' (v1.0) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4784188&lt;/ref&gt;
| states           = [[Rosija]], [[Azerbajdžan]], [[Kazahstan]], [[Kyrgyzstan]], [[Turkmenistan]], [[Ukrajina]], [[Uzbekistan]]
| regions          = [[Mordovija]], [[Čuvašija]], [[Tatarstan]], [[Baškortostan]], [[Penzenska oblast]], [[Samarska oblast]], [[Nižegorodska oblast]], [[Uljanovska oblast]], [[Orenburgska oblast]], [[Saratovska oblast]]
| speakers         = okolo 46 000
| date             = 2020
| ref              = &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Итоги Всероссийской переписи населения 2020 года. Таблица 6. Население по родному языку. |trans-title=Results of the All-Russian population census 2020. Table 6. population according to native language. |url=https://rosstat.gov.ru/vpn_popul |access-date=2023-01-03 |website=rosstat.gov.ru |archive-date=2020-01-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200124160257/http://rosstat.gov.ru/vpn_popul |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| script           = * [[kirilica]] ([[mordovska pismenost]])
| official         = [[Mordovija]]
| standards        =
| agency           =
| iso1             = nema
| iso3             = myv
| family           = * [[Uralske jezyky]]
** [[Ugrofinske jezyky]]
*** [[Finno-permske jezyky]]
**** [[Mordovske jezyky]]
}}

Erzjanski jezyk (takože erzja-mordovsky&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=Советский энциклопедический словарь |editor=А. М. Прохоров |year=1989 |publisher=Сов. энциклопедия |location=М. |isbn=5-85270-001-0 |pages=1577 }}&lt;/ref&gt;; erz.: ({{Jezyky|myv|Эрзянь кель}}, Erzjanj kelj)) — jest [[ugrofinske jezyky|ugrofinsky jezyk]] [[mordovske jezyky|mordovskoj podgrupy]], jezyk [[Erzjane|erzjanov]], jedin iz trěh državnyh jezykov [[Respublika Mordovija|Respubliky Mordovije]], narjadu s [[mokšansky jezyk|mokšanskym]] i [[russky jezyk|russkym]]. Zajedno s mokšanskym jezykom zajimaje regiony razprostranjenja mordovskyh jezykov.

Kako i druge [[uralske jezyky|uralske jezyky]], on jest [[aglutinativne jezyky|aglutinativny]]. Erzjanskomu jezyku svojstveno jest naličje velikogo količestva [[mekke suglasky|mekkyh suglaskov]].

== Čislo nositeljev ==

Obče čislo govorečih na 2020 god v [[Rosija|Rosiji]] — 46 000 ljudij&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;. Takože govoreči na erzjanskom jezyku žijut v državah: [[Azerbajdžan]], [[Kazahstan]], [[Kyrgyzstan]], [[Turkmenistan]], [[Ukrajina]], [[Uzbekistan]].

== Klasifikacija ==

* [[Uralske jezyky]]
** [[Ugrofinske jezyky]]
*** [[Finno-permske jezyky]]
**** [[Mordovske jezyky]]

== Pismennost ==

=== Erzjanski alfabet ===

Za pismennost erzjanskogo jezyka koristaje se [[kirilica]] ([[mordovska pismenost]]).

== Lingvistična harakteristika ==

=== Fonetika i fonologija ===

Erzjanskomu jezyku svojstveno jest naličje velikogo količestva mekkyh suglaskov. V neakcentovanyh slogah, Erzja imaje harmoniju vokalov.

=== Morfologija ===

Erzjanski jezyk jest aglutinativny jezyk.

== Iztočniky ==
{{Iztočniky}}

{{Uralske jezyky}}

[[Kategorija:Uralske jezyky]]
[[Kategorija:Mordovske jezyky]]</text>
      <sha1>brtvay66hdg3ql5ifecopu44ui3aoq0</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>45022</id>
      <parentid>45020</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-02T16:07:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Panslavist</username>
        <id>34</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>45022</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4078" sha1="k93jx9ow39g6x32i9ijny7nt3u666su" xml:space="preserve">{{Kartka jezyk
| name             = Erzjansky jezyk
| nativename       = &lt;center&gt;'''erz.:''' ''({{Jezyky|myv|Эрзянь кель}}, ''Erzjanj kelj'')''&lt;/center&gt;
| image            = 3-Mordvin.png
| imagecaption     = Geografično razprostranjenje mordovskyh jezykov na početku XX stolětja&lt;ref name=map1&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Rantanen |first1=Timo |last2=Tolvanen |first2=Harri |last3=Roose |first3=Meeli |last4=Ylikoski |first4=Jussi |last5=Vesakoski |first5=Outi |date=2022-06-08 |title=Best practices for spatial language data harmonization, sharing and map creation—A case study of Uralic |journal=PLOS ONE |language=en |volume=17 |issue=6 |pages=e0269648 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0269648 |doi-access=free |pmid=35675367 |pmc=9176854 |bibcode=2022PLoSO..1769648R }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=map2&gt;Rantanen, Timo, Vesakoski, Outi, Ylikoski, Jussi, &amp; Tolvanen, Harri. (2021). ''Geographical database of the Uralic languages'' (v1.0) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4784188&lt;/ref&gt;
| states           = [[Rosija]], [[Azerbajdžan]], [[Kazahstan]], [[Kyrgyzstan]], [[Turkmenistan]], [[Ukrajina]], [[Uzbekistan]]
| regions          = [[Mordovija]], [[Čuvašija]], [[Tatarstan]], [[Baškortostan]], [[Penzenska oblast]], [[Samarska oblast]], [[Nižegorodska oblast]], [[Uljanovska oblast]], [[Orenburgska oblast]], [[Saratovska oblast]]
| speakers         = okolo 46 000
| date             = 2020
| ref              = &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Итоги Всероссийской переписи населения 2020 года. Таблица 6. Население по родному языку. |trans-title=Results of the All-Russian population census 2020. Table 6. population according to native language. |url=https://rosstat.gov.ru/vpn_popul |access-date=2023-01-03 |website=rosstat.gov.ru |archive-date=2020-01-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200124160257/http://rosstat.gov.ru/vpn_popul |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| script           = * [[kirilica]] ([[mordovska pismenost]])
| official         = [[Mordovija]]
| standards        =
| agency           =
| iso1             = nema
| iso3             = myv
| family           = * [[Uralske jezyky]]
** [[Ugrofinske jezyky]]
*** [[Finno-permske jezyky]]
**** [[Mordovske jezyky]]
}}

Erzjansky jezyk (takože erzja-mordovsky&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=Советский энциклопедический словарь |editor=А. М. Прохоров |year=1989 |publisher=Сов. энциклопедия |location=М. |isbn=5-85270-001-0 |pages=1577 }}&lt;/ref&gt;; erz.: ({{Jezyky|myv|Эрзянь кель}}, Erzjanj kelj)) — jest [[ugrofinske jezyky|ugrofinsky jezyk]] [[mordovske jezyky|mordovskoj podgrupy]], jezyk [[Erzjane|erzjanov]], jedin iz trěh državnyh jezykov [[Respublika Mordovija|Respubliky Mordovije]], narjadu s [[mokšansky jezyk|mokšanskym]] i [[russky jezyk|russkym]]. Zajedno s mokšanskym jezykom zajimaje regiony razprostranjenja mordovskyh jezykov.

Kako i druge [[uralske jezyky|uralske jezyky]], on jest [[aglutinativne jezyky|aglutinativny]]. Erzjanskomu jezyku svojstveno jest naličje velikogo količestva [[mekke suglasky|mekkyh suglaskov]].

== Čislo nositeljev ==

Obče čislo govorečih na 2020 god v [[Rosija|Rosiji]] — 46 000 ljudij&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;. Takože govoreči na erzjanskom jezyku žijut v državah: [[Azerbajdžan]], [[Kazahstan]], [[Kyrgyzstan]], [[Turkmenistan]], [[Ukrajina]], [[Uzbekistan]].

== Klasifikacija ==

* [[Uralske jezyky]]
** [[Ugrofinske jezyky]]
*** [[Finno-permske jezyky]]
**** [[Mordovske jezyky]]

== Pismennost ==

=== Erzjansky alfabet ===

Za pismennost erzjanskogo jezyka koristaje se [[kirilica]] ([[mordovska pismenost]]).

== Lingvistična harakteristika ==

=== Fonetika i fonologija ===

Erzjanskomu jezyku svojstveno jest naličje velikogo količestva mekkyh suglaskov. V neakcentovanyh slogah, Erzja imaje harmoniju vokalov.

=== Morfologija ===

Erzjansky jezyk jest aglutinativny jezyk.

== Iztočniky ==
{{Iztočniky}}

{{Uralske jezyky}}

[[Kategorija:Uralske jezyky]]
[[Kategorija:Mordovske jezyky]]</text>
      <sha1>k93jx9ow39g6x32i9ijny7nt3u666su</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>45023</id>
      <parentid>45022</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-02T16:08:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Panslavist</username>
        <id>34</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Panslavist prěimenoval stranicu [[Erzjanski jezyk]] na [[Erzjansky jezyk]]: Pogrěška v nazvě</comment>
      <origin>45022</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4078" sha1="k93jx9ow39g6x32i9ijny7nt3u666su" xml:space="preserve">{{Kartka jezyk
| name             = Erzjansky jezyk
| nativename       = &lt;center&gt;'''erz.:''' ''({{Jezyky|myv|Эрзянь кель}}, ''Erzjanj kelj'')''&lt;/center&gt;
| image            = 3-Mordvin.png
| imagecaption     = Geografično razprostranjenje mordovskyh jezykov na početku XX stolětja&lt;ref name=map1&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Rantanen |first1=Timo |last2=Tolvanen |first2=Harri |last3=Roose |first3=Meeli |last4=Ylikoski |first4=Jussi |last5=Vesakoski |first5=Outi |date=2022-06-08 |title=Best practices for spatial language data harmonization, sharing and map creation—A case study of Uralic |journal=PLOS ONE |language=en |volume=17 |issue=6 |pages=e0269648 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0269648 |doi-access=free |pmid=35675367 |pmc=9176854 |bibcode=2022PLoSO..1769648R }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=map2&gt;Rantanen, Timo, Vesakoski, Outi, Ylikoski, Jussi, &amp; Tolvanen, Harri. (2021). ''Geographical database of the Uralic languages'' (v1.0) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4784188&lt;/ref&gt;
| states           = [[Rosija]], [[Azerbajdžan]], [[Kazahstan]], [[Kyrgyzstan]], [[Turkmenistan]], [[Ukrajina]], [[Uzbekistan]]
| regions          = [[Mordovija]], [[Čuvašija]], [[Tatarstan]], [[Baškortostan]], [[Penzenska oblast]], [[Samarska oblast]], [[Nižegorodska oblast]], [[Uljanovska oblast]], [[Orenburgska oblast]], [[Saratovska oblast]]
| speakers         = okolo 46 000
| date             = 2020
| ref              = &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Итоги Всероссийской переписи населения 2020 года. Таблица 6. Население по родному языку. |trans-title=Results of the All-Russian population census 2020. Table 6. population according to native language. |url=https://rosstat.gov.ru/vpn_popul |access-date=2023-01-03 |website=rosstat.gov.ru |archive-date=2020-01-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200124160257/http://rosstat.gov.ru/vpn_popul |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| script           = * [[kirilica]] ([[mordovska pismenost]])
| official         = [[Mordovija]]
| standards        =
| agency           =
| iso1             = nema
| iso3             = myv
| family           = * [[Uralske jezyky]]
** [[Ugrofinske jezyky]]
*** [[Finno-permske jezyky]]
**** [[Mordovske jezyky]]
}}

Erzjansky jezyk (takože erzja-mordovsky&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=Советский энциклопедический словарь |editor=А. М. Прохоров |year=1989 |publisher=Сов. энциклопедия |location=М. |isbn=5-85270-001-0 |pages=1577 }}&lt;/ref&gt;; erz.: ({{Jezyky|myv|Эрзянь кель}}, Erzjanj kelj)) — jest [[ugrofinske jezyky|ugrofinsky jezyk]] [[mordovske jezyky|mordovskoj podgrupy]], jezyk [[Erzjane|erzjanov]], jedin iz trěh državnyh jezykov [[Respublika Mordovija|Respubliky Mordovije]], narjadu s [[mokšansky jezyk|mokšanskym]] i [[russky jezyk|russkym]]. Zajedno s mokšanskym jezykom zajimaje regiony razprostranjenja mordovskyh jezykov.

Kako i druge [[uralske jezyky|uralske jezyky]], on jest [[aglutinativne jezyky|aglutinativny]]. Erzjanskomu jezyku svojstveno jest naličje velikogo količestva [[mekke suglasky|mekkyh suglaskov]].

== Čislo nositeljev ==

Obče čislo govorečih na 2020 god v [[Rosija|Rosiji]] — 46 000 ljudij&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;. Takože govoreči na erzjanskom jezyku žijut v državah: [[Azerbajdžan]], [[Kazahstan]], [[Kyrgyzstan]], [[Turkmenistan]], [[Ukrajina]], [[Uzbekistan]].

== Klasifikacija ==

* [[Uralske jezyky]]
** [[Ugrofinske jezyky]]
*** [[Finno-permske jezyky]]
**** [[Mordovske jezyky]]

== Pismennost ==

=== Erzjansky alfabet ===

Za pismennost erzjanskogo jezyka koristaje se [[kirilica]] ([[mordovska pismenost]]).

== Lingvistična harakteristika ==

=== Fonetika i fonologija ===

Erzjanskomu jezyku svojstveno jest naličje velikogo količestva mekkyh suglaskov. V neakcentovanyh slogah, Erzja imaje harmoniju vokalov.

=== Morfologija ===

Erzjansky jezyk jest aglutinativny jezyk.

== Iztočniky ==
{{Iztočniky}}

{{Uralske jezyky}}

[[Kategorija:Uralske jezyky]]
[[Kategorija:Mordovske jezyky]]</text>
      <sha1>k93jx9ow39g6x32i9ijny7nt3u666su</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>45028</id>
      <parentid>45023</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-02T17:47:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>několiko malyh pravok</comment>
      <origin>45028</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4085" sha1="69nw86d8nmtf0hulbhix79eft4nu7te" xml:space="preserve">{{Kartka jezyk
| name             = Erzjansky jezyk
| nativename       = &lt;center&gt;'''erz.:''' ''({{Jezyky|myv|Эрзянь кель}}, ''Erzjanj kelj'')''&lt;/center&gt;
| image            = 3-Mordvin.png
| imagecaption     = Geografično razprostranjenje mordovskyh jezykov na početku XX stolětja&lt;ref name=map1&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Rantanen |first1=Timo |last2=Tolvanen |first2=Harri |last3=Roose |first3=Meeli |last4=Ylikoski |first4=Jussi |last5=Vesakoski |first5=Outi |date=2022-06-08 |title=Best practices for spatial language data harmonization, sharing and map creation—A case study of Uralic |journal=PLOS ONE |language=en |volume=17 |issue=6 |pages=e0269648 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0269648 |doi-access=free |pmid=35675367 |pmc=9176854 |bibcode=2022PLoSO..1769648R }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=map2&gt;Rantanen, Timo, Vesakoski, Outi, Ylikoski, Jussi, &amp; Tolvanen, Harri. (2021). ''Geographical database of the Uralic languages'' (v1.0) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4784188&lt;/ref&gt;
| states           = [[Rosija]], [[Azerbajdžan]], [[Kazahstan]], [[Kyrgyzstan]], [[Turkmenistan]], [[Ukrajina]], [[Uzbekistan]]
| regions          = [[Mordovija]], [[Čuvašija]], [[Tatarstan]], [[Baškortostan]], [[Penzenska oblast]], [[Samarska oblast]], [[Nižegorodska oblast]], [[Uljanovska oblast]], [[Orenburgska oblast]], [[Saratovska oblast]]
| speakers         = okolo 46 000
| date             = 2020
| ref              = &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Итоги Всероссийской переписи населения 2020 года. Таблица 6. Население по родному языку. |trans-title=Results of the All-Russian population census 2020. Table 6. population according to native language. |url=https://rosstat.gov.ru/vpn_popul |access-date=2023-01-03 |website=rosstat.gov.ru |archive-date=2020-01-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200124160257/http://rosstat.gov.ru/vpn_popul |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| script           = * [[kirilica]] ([[mordovska pismenost]])
| official         = [[Mordovija]]
| standards        =
| agency           =
| iso1             = nema
| iso3             = myv
| family           = * [[Uralske jezyky]]
** [[Ugrofinske jezyky]]
*** [[Finno-permske jezyky]]
**** [[Mordovske jezyky]]
}}

'''Erzjansky jezyk''' (takože erzja-mordovsky&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=Советский энциклопедический словарь |editor=А. М. Прохоров |year=1989 |publisher=Сов. энциклопедия |location=М. |isbn=5-85270-001-0 |pages=1577 }}&lt;/ref&gt;; erz.: ({{Jezyky|myv|Эрзянь кель}}, {{-|Erzjanj kelj}})) — jest [[ugrofinske jezyky|ugrofinsky jezyk]] [[mordovske jezyky|mordovskoj podgrupy]], jezyk [[Erzjani|erzjanov]], jedin iz treh državnyh jezykov [[Republika Mordovija|Republiky Mordovije]], pored [[mokšansky jezyk|mokšanskogo]] i [[russky jezyk|russkogo]]. Zajedno s mokšanskym jezykom zajimaje regiony razprostranjenja mordovskyh jezykov.

Kako i druge [[uralske jezyky|uralske jezyky]], on jest [[aglutinativne jezyky|aglutinativny]]. Erzjanskomu jezyku svojstveno jest naličje velikogo količestva [[mekke suglasky|mekkyh suglaskov]].

== Čislo nositeljev ==

Obče čislo govorečih na 2020 god v [[Rosija|Rosiji]] — 46 000 ljudij&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;. Takože govoreči na erzjanskom jezyku živut v državah: [[Azerbajdžan]], [[Kazahstan]], [[Kyrgyzstan]], [[Turkmenistan]], [[Ukrajina]], [[Uzbekistan]].

== Klasifikacija ==

* [[Uralske jezyky]]
** [[Ugrofinske jezyky]]
*** [[Finno-permske jezyky]]
**** [[Mordovske jezyky]]

== Pismennost ==

=== Erzjansky alfabet ===

Za pismennost erzjanskogo jezyka koristaje se [[kirilica]] ([[mordovska pismenost]]).

== Lingvistična harakteristika ==

=== Fonetika i fonologija ===

Erzjanskomu jezyku svojstveno jest naličje velikogo količestva mekkyh suglaskov. V neakcentovanyh slogah, Erzja imaje harmoniju vokalov.

=== Morfologija ===

Erzjansky jezyk jest aglutinativny jezyk.

== Iztočniky ==
{{Iztočniky}}

{{Uralske jezyky}}

[[Kategorija:Uralske jezyky]]
[[Kategorija:Mordovske jezyky]]</text>
      <sha1>69nw86d8nmtf0hulbhix79eft4nu7te</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>45030</id>
      <parentid>45028</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-02T17:50:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>45030</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4061" sha1="m45s2yfbxya0ropo1exjpv0k6lgi9a3" xml:space="preserve">{{Kartka jezyk
| name             = Erzjansky jezyk
| nativename       = &lt;center&gt;({{Jezyky|myv|Эрзянь кель}}, ''Erzjanj kelj'')&lt;/center&gt;
| image            = 3-Mordvin.png
| imagecaption     = Geografično razprostranjenje mordovskyh jezykov na početku XX stolětja&lt;ref name=map1&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Rantanen |first1=Timo |last2=Tolvanen |first2=Harri |last3=Roose |first3=Meeli |last4=Ylikoski |first4=Jussi |last5=Vesakoski |first5=Outi |date=2022-06-08 |title=Best practices for spatial language data harmonization, sharing and map creation—A case study of Uralic |journal=PLOS ONE |language=en |volume=17 |issue=6 |pages=e0269648 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0269648 |doi-access=free |pmid=35675367 |pmc=9176854 |bibcode=2022PLoSO..1769648R }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=map2&gt;Rantanen, Timo, Vesakoski, Outi, Ylikoski, Jussi, &amp; Tolvanen, Harri. (2021). ''Geographical database of the Uralic languages'' (v1.0) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4784188&lt;/ref&gt;
| states           = [[Rosija]], [[Azerbajdžan]], [[Kazahstan]], [[Kyrgyzstan]], [[Turkmenistan]], [[Ukrajina]], [[Uzbekistan]]
| regions          = [[Mordovija]], [[Čuvašija]], [[Tatarstan]], [[Baškortostan]], [[Penzenska oblast]], [[Samarska oblast]], [[Nižegorodska oblast]], [[Uljanovska oblast]], [[Orenburgska oblast]], [[Saratovska oblast]]
| speakers         = okolo 46 000
| date             = 2020
| ref              = &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Итоги Всероссийской переписи населения 2020 года. Таблица 6. Население по родному языку. |trans-title=Results of the All-Russian population census 2020. Table 6. population according to native language. |url=https://rosstat.gov.ru/vpn_popul |access-date=2023-01-03 |website=rosstat.gov.ru |archive-date=2020-01-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200124160257/http://rosstat.gov.ru/vpn_popul |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| script           = * [[kirilica]] ([[mordovska pismenost]])
| official         = [[Mordovija]]
| standards        =
| agency           =
| iso1             = nema
| iso3             = myv
| family           = * [[Uralske jezyky]]
** [[Ugrofinske jezyky]]
*** [[Finno-permske jezyky]]
**** [[Mordovske jezyky]]
}}

'''Erzjansky jezyk''' (takože erzja-mordovsky&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=Советский энциклопедический словарь |editor=А. М. Прохоров |year=1989 |publisher=Сов. энциклопедия |location=М. |isbn=5-85270-001-0 |pages=1577 }}&lt;/ref&gt;; {{Jezyky|myv|Эрзянь кель}}, {{-|Erzjanj kelj}}) — jest [[ugrofinske jezyky|ugrofinsky jezyk]] [[mordovske jezyky|mordovskoj podgrupy]], jezyk [[Erzjani|erzjanov]], jedin iz treh državnyh jezykov [[Republika Mordovija|Republiky Mordovije]], pored [[mokšansky jezyk|mokšanskogo]] i [[russky jezyk|russkogo]]. Zajedno s mokšanskym jezykom zajimaje regiony razprostranjenja mordovskyh jezykov.

Kako i druge [[uralske jezyky|uralske jezyky]], on jest [[aglutinativne jezyky|aglutinativny]]. Erzjanskomu jezyku svojstveno jest naličje velikogo količestva [[mekke suglasky|mekkyh suglaskov]].

== Čislo nositeljev ==

Obče čislo govorečih na 2020 god v [[Rosija|Rosiji]] — 46 000 ljudij&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;. Takože govoreči na erzjanskom jezyku živut v državah: [[Azerbajdžan]], [[Kazahstan]], [[Kyrgyzstan]], [[Turkmenistan]], [[Ukrajina]], [[Uzbekistan]].

== Klasifikacija ==

* [[Uralske jezyky]]
** [[Ugrofinske jezyky]]
*** [[Finno-permske jezyky]]
**** [[Mordovske jezyky]]

== Pismennost ==

=== Erzjansky alfabet ===

Za pismennost erzjanskogo jezyka koristaje se [[kirilica]] ([[mordovska pismenost]]).

== Lingvistična harakteristika ==

=== Fonetika i fonologija ===

Erzjanskomu jezyku svojstveno jest naličje velikogo količestva mekkyh suglaskov. V neakcentovanyh slogah, Erzja imaje harmoniju vokalov.

=== Morfologija ===

Erzjansky jezyk jest aglutinativny jezyk.

== Iztočniky ==
{{Iztočniky}}

{{Uralske jezyky}}

[[Kategorija:Uralske jezyky]]
[[Kategorija:Mordovske jezyky]]</text>
      <sha1>m45s2yfbxya0ropo1exjpv0k6lgi9a3</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ҡ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>5967</id>
    <revision>
      <id>45025</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-02T16:36:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Stvorjena nova stranica s tekstom: «[[Fajl:Cyrillic letter Bashkir Qa.svg | 240px | right]] '''Ҡ''', '''ҡ''' (''baškirsko ka'') je bukva razširjenoj [[kirilica|kirilice]], osnovana na bukvě '''[[К (kirilica)|{{-|к}}]]''' s horizontalnoju črtkoju po lěvoj straně. V alfabetu [[baškirsky jezyk|baškirskogo jezyka]], utvrdženom v 1939 g. i oficialno vvedenom v 1940 g., ona označaje bezzvučny uvularny plosiv {{MFA|q}}. Ona takože je vključena v alfabetu sibirsko-tatarsky jez...»</comment>
      <origin>45025</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1915" sha1="nszbcek81z2h5atvlylyqoq89neihd2" xml:space="preserve">[[Fajl:Cyrillic letter Bashkir Qa.svg | 240px | right]]
'''Ҡ''', '''ҡ''' (''baškirsko ka'') je bukva razširjenoj [[kirilica|kirilice]], osnovana na bukvě '''[[К (kirilica)|{{-|к}}]]''' s horizontalnoju črtkoju po lěvoj straně. V alfabetu [[baškirsky jezyk|baškirskogo jezyka]], utvrdženom v 1939 g. i oficialno vvedenom v 1940 g., ona označaje bezzvučny uvularny plosiv {{MFA|q}}. Ona takože je vključena v alfabetu [[sibirsko-tatarsky jezyk|sibirsko-tatarskogo jezyka]], prědloženom A. H. Nasibullinoj v 2000 g., takože za označen‌je zvuka {{MFA|q}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book | last = Насибуллина | first = А. Х. | title = Әлиппа: Первый букварь тоболо-иртышских татар | location = Тюмень | publisher = ТОГИРРО | year = 2000}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web | url = https://www.omniglot.com/writing/siberiantatar.htm | first = Simon | last = Ager | title = Siberian Tatar (сыбыр тел / sıbır tel) | website = omniglot.com | access-date = 2026-08-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Fajl:Inscription in Ufa Airport.jpg | thumb | left | 300px | Baškirsky nadpis s bukovju '''ҡ''' v aeroportu v [[Ufa|Ufě]]]]
{{clear}}
== Kodovan‌je ==
{{Kodovanje
| 1-znak = Ҡ | 1-nazva = CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER BASHKIR KA | 1-sist16 = 04A0 | 1-sist10 = 1184 1-utf8 = D2 A0
| 2-znak = ҡ | 2-nazva = CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER BASHKIR KA | 2-sist16 = 04A1 | 2-sist10 = 1185 | 2-utf8 = D2 A1
}}

== Iztočniky ==
{{Iztočniky}}

== Vněšnje linky ==
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+04A0 | title = U+04A0 Cyrillic Capital Letter Bashkir Ka | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+04A1| title = U+04A1 Cyrillic Small Letter Bashkir Ka | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}

{{Varianty bukvy К}}
{{Kirilica}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:К}}
[[Kategorija:Kirilične bukvy]]
[[Kategorija:Кириличне буквы]]</text>
      <sha1>nszbcek81z2h5atvlylyqoq89neihd2</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>45026</id>
      <parentid>45025</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-02T16:36:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* Kodovan‌je */</comment>
      <origin>45026</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1917" sha1="1fcwzei7lj2b2o8dzxb7et3xq1xo7fg" xml:space="preserve">[[Fajl:Cyrillic letter Bashkir Qa.svg | 240px | right]]
'''Ҡ''', '''ҡ''' (''baškirsko ka'') je bukva razširjenoj [[kirilica|kirilice]], osnovana na bukvě '''[[К (kirilica)|{{-|к}}]]''' s horizontalnoju črtkoju po lěvoj straně. V alfabetu [[baškirsky jezyk|baškirskogo jezyka]], utvrdženom v 1939 g. i oficialno vvedenom v 1940 g., ona označaje bezzvučny uvularny plosiv {{MFA|q}}. Ona takože je vključena v alfabetu [[sibirsko-tatarsky jezyk|sibirsko-tatarskogo jezyka]], prědloženom A. H. Nasibullinoj v 2000 g., takože za označen‌je zvuka {{MFA|q}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book | last = Насибуллина | first = А. Х. | title = Әлиппа: Первый букварь тоболо-иртышских татар | location = Тюмень | publisher = ТОГИРРО | year = 2000}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web | url = https://www.omniglot.com/writing/siberiantatar.htm | first = Simon | last = Ager | title = Siberian Tatar (сыбыр тел / sıbır tel) | website = omniglot.com | access-date = 2026-08-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Fajl:Inscription in Ufa Airport.jpg | thumb | left | 300px | Baškirsky nadpis s bukovju '''ҡ''' v aeroportu v [[Ufa|Ufě]]]]
{{clear}}
== Kodovan‌je ==
{{Kodovanje
| 1-znak = Ҡ | 1-nazva = CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER BASHKIR KA | 1-sist16 = 04A0 | 1-sist10 = 1184 | 1-utf8 = D2 A0
| 2-znak = ҡ | 2-nazva = CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER BASHKIR KA | 2-sist16 = 04A1 | 2-sist10 = 1185 | 2-utf8 = D2 A1
}}

== Iztočniky ==
{{Iztočniky}}

== Vněšnje linky ==
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+04A0 | title = U+04A0 Cyrillic Capital Letter Bashkir Ka | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+04A1| title = U+04A1 Cyrillic Small Letter Bashkir Ka | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}

{{Varianty bukvy К}}
{{Kirilica}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:К}}
[[Kategorija:Kirilične bukvy]]
[[Kategorija:Кириличне буквы]]</text>
      <sha1>1fcwzei7lj2b2o8dzxb7et3xq1xo7fg</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>К̈</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>5968</id>
    <revision>
      <id>45032</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-02T20:56:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Stvorjena nova stranica s tekstom: «{| width=240px style=&quot;float:right; clear:right; border:1px solid #eee; padding-left:2em; padding-right:2em; margin-left:1em; margin-bottom:1em; text-align:center;&quot; | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:90pt; font-family:Cambria, Calibri;&quot;&gt;{{-|К̈&amp;thinsp;к̈}}&lt;/span&gt; |} {{Calibri|'''К̈, к̈'''}} (''ka s umlautom'') je bukva razširjenoj [[kirilica|kirilice]], sostavjena iz bukvy '''{{-|[[К (kirilica)|к]]}}''' s dodan‌jem [[umlaut|umlauta]], i upotrěbjena v...»</comment>
      <origin>45032</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4187" sha1="ghupi6519o5j8ftvgaptzxd2bf0ve45" xml:space="preserve">{| width=240px style=&quot;float:right; clear:right; border:1px solid #eee; padding-left:2em; padding-right:2em; margin-left:1em; margin-bottom:1em; text-align:center;&quot;
| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:90pt; font-family:Cambria, Calibri;&quot;&gt;{{-|К̈&amp;thinsp;к̈}}&lt;/span&gt;
|}
{{Calibri|'''К̈, к̈'''}} (''ka s umlautom'') je bukva razširjenoj [[kirilica|kirilice]], sostavjena iz bukvy '''{{-|[[К (kirilica)|к]]}}''' s dodan‌jem [[umlaut|umlauta]], i upotrěbjena v někojih publikacijah 19-ogo stolětja.

V 1840 g. kabardinsky učeny, poet i spoločny dějatelj Šora Bekmurzovič Nogmov (1794–1844) napisal gramatiku [[kabardino-čerkessky jezyk|kabardino-čerkesskogo jezyka]], v ktorom nahodila sa bukva {{Calibri|'''к̈'''}} za označen‌je nynějšnego dvuznaka '''{{-|къ}}''' {{MFA|q}}. Koristal toj alfabet za zapisan‌je folklornyh materialov, ale nakonec jegove děla ne našli daljšego razvitja i ne byli priměnjene v praktikě.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web | url = https://nart-kenobi.livejournal.com/1533.html | title = Адыгская письменность, как это было. Алфавиты Шоры Ногмова | date = 2013-06-18 | access-date = 2026-08-02 | language = ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book | url = http://apsnyteka.org/file/gishev_ot_pervykh_zapisey_slov.pdf | last = Гишев | first = Н. Т. | title = От первых записей слов до начала научного изучения адыгейского языка (520г. до н.э. – 1920-е годы н.э.) | location = Майкоп | publisher = ОАО «Полиграф-Юг» | year = 2009 | language = ru | pages = 68–70}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na koncu 19-ogo stolětja pravoslavni misionari iz Bratstva sv. Gurija publikovali seriju učebnikov na [[azerbajdžansky jezyk|azerbajdžanskom jezyku]], napisanyh kiriliceju s vključen‌jem bukvy {{Calibri|'''к̈'''}}, ktora odpovědaje sučasnoj latinskoj bukvě '''{{-|q}}''' {{MFA|g}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book | url = https://viewer.rsl.ru/ru/rsl01003678546?page=55&amp;rotate=0&amp;theme=white | first = Т. А. | last = Иваницкій | title = Опытъ первоначальнаго учебника русскаго языка для адербейджанскихъ татаръ | location = Казань | publisher = Типо-литографія Императорскаго Университета | year = 1897 | pages = 106}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Takože na prělomu 19–20 stolětja [[Baškortostan|baškirsky]] profesor Nikolaj Katanov napisal «Azbuku za [[baškirsky jezyk]]» ({{Jezyky|ru|Азбука для башкирского языка}}), v ktoroj bukva '''{{Calibri|к̈}}''' označala bezzvučny uvularny frikativ {{MFA|q}}, v dnešnjem baškirsom pisany latinskoju bukvoju '''[[q]]'''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal | url = https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/alfavity-bashkirskogo-yazyka-v-hih-nachale-hh-vekov/viewer | first = Л.М. | last = Хусаинова | title = Алфавиты башкирского языка в ХIХ – начале ХХ веков | journal = Вестник Оренбургского государственного университета | year = 2017 | issue = № 3 (203) | pages = 41 | language = ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kodovanje ==
Bukva {{Calibri|'''К̈ к̈'''}} ne jest dostupna v [[Unikod]]u kako samostojny znak, ale može byti pisana s pomočju kombinujučego diakritičnogo znaka:
{{Kodovanje
| 1-znak = К | 1-nazva = CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KA | 1-sist16 = 041A | 1-sist10 = 1050 | 1-alf = Kcy | 1-utf8 = D0 9A
| 2-znak = к | 2-nazva = CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KA | 2-sist16 = 043A | 2-sist10 = 1082 | 2-alf = kcy | 2-utf8 = D0 BA
| 3-znak = ◌̈  | 3-nazva = COMBINING DIAERESIS | 3-sist16 = 0308 | 3-sist10 = 776 | 3-utf8 = CC 88
}}

== Iztočniky ==
{{Iztočniky}}

== Vněšnje linky ==
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+041A | title = U+041A Cyrillic Capital Letter Ka | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+043A | title = U+043A Cyrillic Small Letter Ka | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}

{{Kirilica}}
{{Varianty bukvy К}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:К}}
[[Kategorija:Kirilične bukvy]]
[[Kategorija:Кириличне буквы]]</text>
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        <username>IJzeren Jan</username>
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      <comment>/* Vněšnje linky */</comment>
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      <text bytes="4320" sha1="qg2lhu1qhgjcy32kqd0nvvv405hg45p" xml:space="preserve">{| width=240px style=&quot;float:right; clear:right; border:1px solid #eee; padding-left:2em; padding-right:2em; margin-left:1em; margin-bottom:1em; text-align:center;&quot;
| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:90pt; font-family:Cambria, Calibri;&quot;&gt;{{-|К̈&amp;thinsp;к̈}}&lt;/span&gt;
|}
{{Calibri|'''К̈, к̈'''}} (''ka s umlautom'') je bukva razširjenoj [[kirilica|kirilice]], sostavjena iz bukvy '''{{-|[[К (kirilica)|к]]}}''' s dodan‌jem [[umlaut|umlauta]], i upotrěbjena v někojih publikacijah 19-ogo stolětja.

V 1840 g. kabardinsky učeny, poet i spoločny dějatelj Šora Bekmurzovič Nogmov (1794–1844) napisal gramatiku [[kabardino-čerkessky jezyk|kabardino-čerkesskogo jezyka]], v ktorom nahodila sa bukva {{Calibri|'''к̈'''}} za označen‌je nynějšnego dvuznaka '''{{-|къ}}''' {{MFA|q}}. Koristal toj alfabet za zapisan‌je folklornyh materialov, ale nakonec jegove děla ne našli daljšego razvitja i ne byli priměnjene v praktikě.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web | url = https://nart-kenobi.livejournal.com/1533.html | title = Адыгская письменность, как это было. Алфавиты Шоры Ногмова | date = 2013-06-18 | access-date = 2026-08-02 | language = ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book | url = http://apsnyteka.org/file/gishev_ot_pervykh_zapisey_slov.pdf | last = Гишев | first = Н. Т. | title = От первых записей слов до начала научного изучения адыгейского языка (520г. до н.э. – 1920-е годы н.э.) | location = Майкоп | publisher = ОАО «Полиграф-Юг» | year = 2009 | language = ru | pages = 68–70}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na koncu 19-ogo stolětja pravoslavni misionari iz Bratstva sv. Gurija publikovali seriju učebnikov na [[azerbajdžansky jezyk|azerbajdžanskom jezyku]], napisanyh kiriliceju s vključen‌jem bukvy {{Calibri|'''к̈'''}}, ktora odpovědaje sučasnoj latinskoj bukvě '''{{-|q}}''' {{MFA|g}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book | url = https://viewer.rsl.ru/ru/rsl01003678546?page=55&amp;rotate=0&amp;theme=white | first = Т. А. | last = Иваницкій | title = Опытъ первоначальнаго учебника русскаго языка для адербейджанскихъ татаръ | location = Казань | publisher = Типо-литографія Императорскаго Университета | year = 1897 | pages = 106}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Takože na prělomu 19–20 stolětja [[Baškortostan|baškirsky]] profesor Nikolaj Katanov napisal «Azbuku za [[baškirsky jezyk]]» ({{Jezyky|ru|Азбука для башкирского языка}}), v ktoroj bukva '''{{Calibri|к̈}}''' označala bezzvučny uvularny frikativ {{MFA|q}}, v dnešnjem baškirsom pisany latinskoju bukvoju '''[[q]]'''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal | url = https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/alfavity-bashkirskogo-yazyka-v-hih-nachale-hh-vekov/viewer | first = Л.М. | last = Хусаинова | title = Алфавиты башкирского языка в ХIХ – начале ХХ веков | journal = Вестник Оренбургского государственного университета | year = 2017 | issue = № 3 (203) | pages = 41 | language = ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kodovanje ==
Bukva {{Calibri|'''К̈ к̈'''}} ne jest dostupna v [[Unikod]]u kako samostojny znak, ale može byti pisana s pomočju kombinujučego diakritičnogo znaka:
{{Kodovanje
| 1-znak = К | 1-nazva = CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KA | 1-sist16 = 041A | 1-sist10 = 1050 | 1-alf = Kcy | 1-utf8 = D0 9A
| 2-znak = к | 2-nazva = CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KA | 2-sist16 = 043A | 2-sist10 = 1082 | 2-alf = kcy | 2-utf8 = D0 BA
| 3-znak = ◌̈  | 3-nazva = COMBINING DIAERESIS | 3-sist16 = 0308 | 3-sist10 = 776 | 3-utf8 = CC 88
}}

== Iztočniky ==
{{Iztočniky}}

== Vněšnje linky ==
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+041A | title = U+041A Cyrillic Capital Letter Ka | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+043A | title = U+043A Cyrillic Small Letter Ka | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}
* {{Cite web | url = https://codepoints.net/U+0308 | title = U+0308 Combining Diaeresis | website = codepoints.net | language = en}}

{{Kirilica}}
{{Varianty bukvy К}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:К}}
[[Kategorija:Kirilične bukvy]]
[[Kategorija:Кириличне буквы]]</text>
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