Vikipedija isvwiki https://isv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glavna_stranica MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.15 first-letter Media Special Besěda Koristnik Besěda s koristnikom Vikipedija Besěda Vikipedije Fajl Besěda o fajlu MediaWiki Besěda o MediaWiki Šablon Besěda o šablonu Pomoč Besěda o pomoči Kategorija Besěda o kategoriji TimedText TimedText talk Modul Besěda modula Event Event talk 0 820 45578 44418 2026-08-12T13:43:02Z Chtabs 42 45578 wikitext text/x-wiki '''{{-|Dungeon Crawl Stone Soup}}''' jest bezplatna [[videoigra|kompjuterna igra]] v žanru {{-|''roguelike''}} {{Trěba iztočnik|s odkrytym izvornym kodom}} i razrabotyvajemy komjuniti naslědnik igry 1997 goda ''{{-|Linley's Dungeon Crawl}}'', početkovo razrabotannoj {{-|Linley Henzell'om|Лайнли Хензелом}}. Tuta igra byla oprědělena kako "osnovny {{-|roguelike}}" {{-|John'om Harris'om|Джоном Харисом}}. V 2008 godu ''{{-|Dungeon Crawl Stone Soup}}'' {{Trěba iztočnik|dobyla prvo město srěd roguelike-igr v nominaciji "Roguelike goda" po versiji ASCII Dreams po rezultatam anketovanja 371 igrokov}}. Pozdněje {{Trěba iztočnik|ona dobyla vtoro město v 2009 godu (poslě DoomRL)}} i {{Trěba iztočnik|2010 godu (poslě ToME 4)}}, a takože {{Trěba iztočnik|tretje město v 2011 godu (poslě ToME 4 i Dungeons of Dredmor)}}. {{Trěba iztočnik|Tuta igra razprostranjaje se pod licenzijeju GNU GPL-2.0-or-later}}. "Kamenna supa" jest odsylka k evropejskoj narodnoj skazkě, v ktoroj gladni neznajemci ubědžajut žiteljev grada poděliti se nevelikoju kolikostju svojej jedy, da by sdělati bljudo, ktoro spodobaje se vsim. {{Trěba iztočnik|V tutom momentu poslědnja stabilna versija DCSS jest 0.34}}. == Gejmplej == ''{{-|Dungeon Crawl Stone Soup}}'' jest igra v žanru {{-|roguelike}}, kde igrač stvarjaje personaža i provodi jego črěz podzemje, ktoro sodrživaje v sobě velmi mnogo etažev, čudišč i prědmětov. Cělj igry — dobyti kulju Zot i vrnuti se na povrhnost. Daby proniknuti v Carstvo Zot, kde i nahodi se kulja Zot, igrač dolžny najdti prinajmenje tri runy Zot iz petnadseti. Runy lěžet v koncu različnyh větv podzemja, kako napriklad Pavučje Gnězdo, Grobišče, i Slizneve Jamy. Tut takože jest kratke mody igry, nazyvajeme "sprinty". Najboljša čest krajevida, vragov i artefaktov naprěd generuje se, za izključenjem nektoryh slučajno sgenerovanyh vragov i kioskov. Te mody zabezpečajut nove puti prohodženja igry, ktore normalno ne vpisyvajut se v glavny režim, bud to amulet nevidimosti iz početka ili sěkyra s bezkonečnoju škodoju. U tutoj igry jest jasna filozofija — davati igraču interesne strategične i taktične izbory, zabezpěčiti možnost prěigryvati blagodare slučajno generujučim se podzemjam, byti jasnoj i prijemnoj daže tim, kto ne znaje jej vnutrne mehaniky, a takože imati komfortny interfejs, ktory pri želanji može avtomatično izpolnjati rutinne dějanija kako avtoizslědovanje ili pošuk prědmětov. Pri tutom razrabotniki silit se izběgati situacij, kogda igraču prihodi se bezmysljeno povtarjati nudne dějanija ili kogda izbor v igrě toliko kaže se takovym, ale na dělu jedin variant vsegda lěpše drugyh. Množinstvo uravnjev generujut se slučajnym obrazom dlja maksimalnoj raznorodnosti, v tot čas kak uravnji, sodržajuči cěljěve prědměty, izbirajut se slučajnym obrazom iz nekolikyh ručno razrabotanyh modelov komnat, ktore obyčno sodržat slučajne elementy i stvarjene na jezyku programovanja Lua. Slučajno sgenerovane uravnji mogut sodržati take že slučajno izbrane razrabotane ručno fragmenty, znajeme kako "{{-|vaults}}", a takože portaly v specialne male uravnji, napriklad Osuarij ili Laboratoriji Čarodějev. Početkovo personaži oprěděljajut se svojeju rasoju i prědhistorijeju. Razvivanje personaža osnovano na prěživanje, dobyvajemom za pobědu nad čudoviščami. Tuto prěživanje takože povyšaje i uravenj uměnij, odpovědajučih za oružje bližnjego i daljnjego bojev, čary i tako dalě. Igrač sam oprěděljaje, kake uměnja on bude razvivati. Izbor rasy oprěděljaje prědrazpoloženosti personaža k každomu iz uměnjij, ktore pokazyvajut, koliko prěživanja potrěbno dlja povyšenja uravnja uměnja, a takože dodajut specifične dlja rasy sposobnosti. V versiji 0.34 dostupne 27 različnyh ras. Izbor prědhistoriji oprěděljaje početkove uměnja i orudovanje. Počinajuči s versiji 0.34, sut 26 variantov prědhistorij: od vojevnika i občego čaroděja do lovca i alhimika. V protivnosti izboru rasy, izbor prědhistoriji vlivaje jedino na početok igry — igrač ne lišeny možnosti razvivati kake-libo uměnja ili koristati kake-libo orudovanje. V igrě takože jest prědstavjen panteon iz 26 bogov (po stanju na versiji 0.34). Igrač može izbrati sobě boga, poslě togo kako najde potrěbny oltar. Něktore prědhistoriji počinajut igru uže s poklonjenjem konkretnomu bogu, vključajuči Adepta Pepela, Berserkera i Rycara Haosa. Izbor božstva značno vlivaje na igrovoj proces. Blagomilost bogov dobyvaje se raznymi sposobami, napriklad, izslědovanje podzemja, ubijstva čudovišč ili něčto drugo. V zaměn bogi darujut svojemu poslědovatelju podarky ili pasivne ili aktivne sposobnosti, ktore po-raznomu adaptovane k mnogočislnym stiljam igry v bližnjem ili daljnjem boju. Igrač nakože može odkazati se od svojego boga v korist drugogo, ale tuto obyčno vyzyvaje gněv božestva. V rezultatu ono bude něktory čas prěslědovati igrača, prizyvajuči močnyh čudovišč i nakladati zle efekty, kako napriklad zamedljenje, ili prosto nanoseči igraču veliku škodu. == Historija == === ''{{-|Linley's Dungeon Crawl}}'' === '''''{{-|Linley's Dungeon Crawl}}''''' (ili prosto '''''{{-|Dungeon Crawl}}''''' ili '''''{{-|Crawl}}''''') jest kompjuterna igra v žanru {{-|roguelike}}, početkovo razrabotana Linli Henzelom v 1995 godu i vprvo vypuščena dlja obširnoj publiky 2 oktobra 1997 goda. Igra imala neobyčnu licenziju, osnovanu na licenzijah {{-|Bison}} i {{-|NetHack}}. {{-|Stone Soup}} svezali se so vsemi prědhodnymi vkladateljami i prělicenzovali novu igru pod {{-|GPL-2.0-or-later}}. ==== Originalny gejmplej ==== ''{{-|Crawl}}'' počinaje se s izbora jednoj iz bolje čim dvadeseti ras: několiko raznyh tipov elfov, dvarfov, ogrov, tengu, člověka, merfolka, kentavra i drugyh fantastičnyh stvorov. Izbor rasy oprěděljaje bazove harakteristiky, daljnejě razvivanje uměnij i fizične parametry kako bystrost dviženja, sprotivjenja i osoblive sposobnosti. S izključenjem rasovyh ograničenij, igrač izbiraje klas personaža iz bolje čim dvadeseti variantov. Klasy vključajut tradicijne rolji vojenika, čaroděja i razbojnika, a takože specializovane rolje, srěd ktoryh monahi, berserkery, ubijci, križenosci i stihijne zaklinatelji. Putnik jest netipičny variant, on vsegda imaje slučajnu sbirku uměnij. Zajedno klas i rasa oprěděljajut osnovno orudovanje i obučenje uměnjam, hoti personaži mogut poprobovati dobyti ktoro-libo vnutrigrovo uměnje. Sistema uměnij v ''{{-|Crawl}}'' obsegaje množinstvo sposobnostej, vključajuči možnost svobodno dvigati se v bronji ili tiho, dějati efektivne napady raznymi kategorijami oružja, osvajati zaklinanja iz raznyh čarovnyh škol, koristati magične artefakty i moliti se božestvam. Obučenje proizhodi putem povtorjenja dějanij, svezanyh s uměnjami, koristajuči prěživanje iz zapasa, popolnjajemogo po měrě poběd nad čudoviščami. Džon Haris u sebe v {{-|"@Play"}} utvrdžal, že sistema nabyvanja prěživanja "sručno izběgaje mnogyh problemov sistemy razvivanja, osnovanoj na uměnjah", generalno hvalil neobhodnost prodviženja po igrě dlja daljnjejšego ulěpšenja uměnij personaža. V tom že članku Džon Haris stvrdil, že "tuta sistema jest najlěpša sistema uměnij, kogda-libo strěčavšej se v {{-|roguelike}}-igrah; ona može pretendovati na zvanje jednoj iz najlěpših vo vsakoj {{-|CRPG}}". Religija v ''{{-|Crawl}}'' jest centralna igrova mehanika. Raznorodny panteon bogov ne ostavi igrača bez izbora. Tut sut mnogo nevtralnyh bogov, trojka dobryh bogov, protivdějajučih zlu i zlym bogam, a takože i haotičnym bogam. Vsi oni mogut dati svojim poslědovateljam svoji sposobnosti i dary, ktore sut mnogo pomočne dlja raznyh stilov igry. Cělj igry v ''{{-|Crawl}}'' — naidti Kulju Zot, skrytuju gluboko v podzemje. Dlja tutoj cělji potrěbno posětiti različne větvy podzemja, ktore jest v Oročjih Rudnikah i Brlogu Zvěrev, i nabyti minimalno tri rune Zot, da by odkryti dostup k Carstvu Zot. Vo vsakoj igrě možno nabyti petnadset run, čto jest dodatno doseženje. ==== Versiji ==== Poslědnja versija, ktoru razrabotal osobno Linli Henzel, jest ''3.3.0''. Nastupne versiji razrabotyvali se generalno Lipfordom i Rossom premo do finalnoj versiji ''4.0.0 beta 26''. Versija 400b26e070t jest popularna blagodare vključenju v nju patči 2003-2004 godov (Daršan Šaligram) i obnovjenju do tajlovoj grafiky {{-|(M. Itakura, Denzi, Alex Korol, Nullpodoh)}}. {{Trěba iztočnik|Tuta igra byla portovana na {{-|[[NintendoDS]]}} kako {{-|DSCrawl}}.}} === ''{{-|Stone Soup}}'' === Razrabotanje '''''{{-|Dungeon Crawl Stone Soup}}''''' počelo se v 2006 godu Daršanom Šaligramom {{-|(greensnark)}} i Erikom Pajperom kako proba vozobnoviti razrabotanje ''{{-|Crawl}}'', ktoro medlo šlo v gody poslě togo, kako Linli Henzel ušel iz razrabotanja igry. Dlja igry bylo vypuščeno několiko patčej, osoblivo, jedin od Šaligrama, znajemy kako "patč putovanja", ktory pozajmal realizaciju algoritma Dejkstry iz {{-|NetHack}} dlja zabezpečenja možnosti avtomatičnogo izslědovanja v igrě. Te patči byli skompilovane v projekt {{-|Stone Soup}} i vypuščen publično na {{-|SourceForge}}. Odkogda, ''{{-|Stone Soup}}'' dobyl množinstvo razširjenij dlja pomošči v igrě, napriklad, dozvaljajuči šukati každy kogda-libo najdeny prědmět s koristanjem vnutrigrovyh komand. Kromě togo, ''{{-|Stone Soup}}'' vnesla red ulěpčenij v koristateljny interfejs, takyh kako kooperacija s myšju i opcionalny grafičny interfejs. Da by izbegti izbytočnoj funkcionalnosti, ''{{-|DCSS}}'' izjela elementy igrovogo procesa, ktore oprědělili se izbytočnymi, vključajuči několiko ras, prědhistorij, čarovne školy i, ne tako davno, sistemu krmjenja. Družina razrabotnikov takože izglasila ohotnost shranititutčasno trvanje igry, zatom po měrě dodavanja novyh lokacij v podzemje stare skračali se il daže odstranjene, da by kompensovati tuto. == Operacijne sistemy == ''{{-|DCSS}}'' dostupna na {{-|Windows, macOS, Linux}} i {{-|Android}}. Igra takože možna na serverah, znajemyh kako ''{{-|"webtiles"}}'' premo v brauzěru ili črez podključenje po ''{{-|SSH}}''. Servera hranet onlajn-statistiku vsih igr, počinajuči od rasy, prědhistoriji i inventara, končajuči kolikostju ubityh čudovišč i kolikostju sdělanyh dějanij po uměnjam. [[Kategorija:Igry za Linux]] [[Kategorija:Igry za Windows]] [[Kategorija:Igry za Mac OS]] [[Kategorija:Игры за Linux]] [[Kategorija:Игры за Windows]] [[Kategorija:Игры за Mac OS]] 5lxmx3k7r9u9m35by067ub26knw6krb 0 824 45583 43399 2026-08-12T17:22:20Z Panslavist 34 45583 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fajl:Jain Prateek Chihna.svg|thumb|Simbol džajnizma, prijety v 1974 godu]] [[Fajl:In-jain.png|thumb|Horugva džajinizma]] '''Džajnizm''' ({{Jezyky|sa|जैन}}, ''džajna'' ot {{Jezyky|sa|जिन}}, dž''ina'', ''«vitezstvo»'') jest drěvna [[Dharmičske religije|dharmičska religija]], ktora jest pojavila se v [[Indija|Indiji]] okolo 4—6 stoletjev prěd n.e.<ref name="Glasenapp 1999. P.15">{{-|Helmuth von Glasenapp,Shridhar B. Shrotri. 1999. ''Jainism: an Indian religion of salvation''. P.15 «Jainas consider that religion is eternal and imperishable. It is without beginning and it will never cease to exist. The darkness of error enveloping the truth in certain, periodically occurring aeons clears up again and again so that the brightness of the Jaina-faith can sparkle again anew.»}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book | last = Dundas | first = Paul | title = The Jains | publisher = Routledge | year = 2002 | page = 17 }}</ref> Zgodno s učenjem samo, džajnizm jestvoval jest vsakčas. Za osnovatelja (abo, s druge versije, za zapisatelja starših tradicij) učenja obyčajno mněvaje se [[kšatrij]] [[Mahavira|Vardhamana]] (Bardhamana), bolje znany kako [[Džina (džajinizm)|Džina]] (''vitez, pobeditelj, prakrit'') i [[Mahavira]] (''veliky vojak''). Filozofija i praktika džajnizma osnovany sut prědže vsego na samovozvršenju duše dlja doseganja vsvědenja, vsesily i věčnogo blaženstva. Vsaka duša, ktora jest prěvlada svoju telesnu povlaku i dosegne [[Nirvana|nirvanu]], zove se ''[[dživa]]''. V starodavnyh tekstah džajnizm često nazyvaje se ''džajn-dharma'' i ''šraman-dharma''. Dnes on jest predstavjen maloju, ale vlivnoju občinoju, izčisljanoju kako okolo 5—6 milionov priveržencev v [[Indija|Indiji]]<ref>{{Cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/India_at_glance/religion.aspx | title = Indian Census | publisher = Census of India | access-date = 2025-04-23 }}</ref> i v rostučih diasporah v [[Severna Amerika|Severnoj Amerikě]], [[Zapadna Evropa|Zapadnoj Evropě]], [[Daljny Vostok|Daljnem Vostoku]], [[Avstralija|Avstralii]] i inih zemjah<ref>{{Cite book | last = Dundas | first = Paul | title = The Jains | year = 2002 | page = 271 }}</ref>. Džajanske biblioteky jestvujut srěd najstarših v Indiji<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Cort | first = John E. | title = The Jain Knowledge Warehouses: Traditional Libraries in India | journal = Journal of the American Oriental Society | volume = 115 | issue = 1 | year = 1995 | pages = 77–87 }}</ref>. == Početok == Džajanska občina jest pojavila se zajedno s [[budizm]]om. Jej osnovateljem byl [[Mahavira|Vardhamana]], kšatrij, ktory v 31 godu (568 p.n.e.) odmokl se od světa, razdal imutek i ponad 12 let žil kako brodeči [[asket]]. Po 13 lětah odrečenja on jest uviděl sebe dosegnuvšim najvysših stupenjev poznanja i jest osnoval novu věru, obyčajno nazyvanu ''Nirgrantha'' («bez svezok»). Občina otvergala ''Vědy'', [[purany]], [[trimurti]], [[Dašavatara|dašavatary Višnu]] i krvave žrtvy ([[Jadzhna|jadžna]]). Sami džajny věret, že tirthankary (duhovne učitelji) jestvovali sut vsakčas, i Mahavira jest toliko obnovil starši put. Vstupni oběty i etičske normy odkazyvali na samodisciplinu i nenasilje: navideti vsako živo sučstvo, govoriti i mysleti pravdivo, ne krasti, byti čestnym v seksu, i ne privjazati se k imutku. Nazvanje džajnizma proizohodi od slova ''džina'' (pobeditelj), kogda duša pobjedžaje svoje strasti i karmu. == Učenje == Džajinizm učit, že vsaka živa suštja (''dživa'') jest věčna duša s beskončnym znanjem i kvestiju, kak tvori i ljudi. Cělj je osloboditi se od kary (''karma'') črěz etično življenje i asketizm i dosegti ''mokša'' (osvoboženja) ili ''siddha'' (dokonalno čistoj duši). Ne postoji vrhovny tvoritelj; vsaka dživa može sa vlastnym usiljem izkarati se do božeskogo soznanja. Snova i snova se rodjenje u novyh formach jest dolg interakciji među duši i karmi; celičny put je v samodisciplini i treh dražocjenostjah (prava vjera, prava znanje, prava poživjenje). Moralne zaroky sut: [[ahimsa]] ('''nenasilje'''), [[satja]] ('''pravdivost'''), [[asteja]] ('''ne krasti'''), [[brahmačarja]] ('''čistota ili celibat''') i [[aparigraha]] ('''nepriverženost'''). Sistem tirthankara (24 učitelji) opisuje rezultatny naucjeni put, s posledni dvemi istorijskimi, [[Paršva]] i [[Mahavira]]. U švetambarah i digambarah postoje različne interpretacije i pravila, no važny ostaje vazk na asketizmu, gradaciji mniha i mirjan. == Tirthankarji == Džajny verjut, že vsedne 24 tirthankara (duhovne učitelji) obnovil je put k osloboženju. Najstarši znany je [[Rišabha]]; zadnji dvaja sut istorijski: [[Paršva]] i [[Mahavira]]. Oni i drugi tirthankari recju se posle smrti ''siddha'' i imajut kult v mnogih hramah. == Hramy i občina == Džajny izbjegajut nasilja i zato se zajimajut obyčno trgovinou ili zanatmi, i sozdaju male, no influentne občine. Hramy, kako v [[Ranapur]]u i [[Dilvara temple|Dilvari]], i statuja [[Gomatešvara]] srěd najvčesnyh v Indiji. Mniši razdeleni sut na [[švetambary]] (nosjaci bjele odežde) i [[digambary]] (nagě); oni sledujut različnim interpretacijam pravil, no oba podkresačaju nenasilje, asketizm i duhovnočistotu. == Iztočniky == <references /> == Literatura == * {{Cite book | last = Guseva | first = N. R. | title = Dzajinizm | location = Moskva | publisher = Nauka | year = 1968 }} * {{Cite book | last = Bon'gard-Levin | first = G. M. | title = Drevneindijska civilizacija: Filozofija, nauka, religija | location = Moskva | publisher = Nauka | year = 1980 }} * {{Cite book | last1 = Lysenko | first1 = V. G. | last2 = Terent'ev | first2 = A. A. | last3 = Šohin | first3 = V. K. | title = Rannja budijska filozofija. Filozofija džajinizma | location = Moskva | publisher = Nauka | year = 1994 | isbn = 5-02-017770-9 }} * {{Cite book | last = Železnova | first =N. A.|title=Digambarskaja filozofija ot Umasvati do Nemichandry: istoriko-filozofskě očerki | location = Moskva|publisher = Iztočna literatura | year = 2012 | isbn = 978-5-02-036516-2 }} == Vnešnje linky == * [http://jainology.ru/ Dzajnologija.ru — sajt o džajinizme] * [http://www.shalagram.ru/kunta/fractalmandals.htm#aparigraha Princip aparigraha] {{Prěvod|ru|Джайнизм}} [[Kategorija:Religija]] [[Kategorija:Pacifizm]] [[Kategorija:Indija]] nsgwog44vsnqpfqul0uno3ob66nlcvw 0 984 45584 43403 2026-08-12T17:23:34Z Panslavist 34 /* Raznolikost i jedinstvo */ 45584 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hinduizm''' jest [[Indija|indijskoju]] [[Religija|religijeju]] i duhovnoju tradicijeju, objedinjenoju črěz pridržanje koncepta '''[[dharma]]''', [[Ṛta|kosmičnogo poredka]], održavanogo od věrnikov črěz obredy i pravedno žitje, kako jest objavjeno v [[Vědy|Vědah]]. Slovo ''Hindu'' jest [[ekzonim]] i hinduizm često nazyvaje se najstaršeju živoju religijeju na světě; on takože byvaje imenovany modernym terminom "Sanātana Dharma". [[Vaidika Dharma]] i [[Arja Dharma]] sut historične endonimy dlja hinduizma. Hinduizm vključaje razne sistemy mysljenja s občimi konceptami, ktore obhvačajut [[Teologija|teologiju]], [[Mitologija|mitologiju]] i druge temy v [[Vědy|tekstah]]. Hinduistične teksty dělet se na {{-|[[Śruti]]}} i {{-|[[Smṛti]]}}. Glavne hinduistične pisanja sut [[Vědy]], [[Upanišady]], [[Purany]], '''[[Mahabharata]]''' (vključajuči knigu '''[[Bhagavad Gita]]'''), '''[[Ramajana]]''' i [[Agama (Hinduizm)|Agamy]]. Glavne pojetja věrovanja sut '''[[karma]]''' (dějanja, naměr i slědstva), [[:en:Saṃsāra#In Hinduism|'''sansāra''']] (krug smrti i povtorjenogo rodženja) i četyri [[Puruṣārtha]] — pravilne cělji ljudskogo žitja: '''[[dharma]]''' (etika/obvezky), '''[[artha]]''' (bogatstvo/rabotanje), '''[[kama]]''' (želanja/strasti) i '''[[mokša]]''' (osvobodženje/izbavjenje od strasti i koněčno od '''sansāry'''). == Definicije == "Hinduizm" jest obhvatny termin, ktory označaje široky diapazon poněkogda protivorěčivyh i često konkurujučih tradicij. V zapadnoj etnografiji, termin označaje fuziju ili sintezu raznyh indijskih kultur i tradicij, s različnymi korenjami i bez osnovatelja. Tuta [[hinduistična sinteza]] pojavila se poslě vědskogo perioda, medžu periodom [[Druga urbanizacija|drugoj urbanizacije]] i rano-klasičnym periodom hinduizma, kogda byli sostavjene [[Indijska epika|eposy]] i prve Purany. On procvital v [[Srědnjevěčna Indija|srědnjevěčnoj Indiji]], s [[Upadok budizma na indijskom subkontinentě|upadkom budizma v Indiji]]. Variacije hinduizma v věrovanjah i široky diapazon tradicij dělajut težkym opreděliti jego kako religiju v zapadnyh tradicijnyh pojetjah. Hinduizm vključaje raznolikost idej o [[Duhovnost#Hinduizm|duhovnosti]] i tradicijah; hinduisti mogut byti [[Politeizm|politeistični]], [[Panteizm|panteistični]], [[Panenteizm|panenteistični]], [[Pandeizm|pandeistični]], [[Henoteizm|henoteistični]], [[Monoteizm|monoteistični]], [[Monizm|monistični]], [[Agnosticizm|agnostični]], [[Ateizm|ateistični]] ili [[Humanizm|humanistični]].<ref name="Lipner2009p8">Lipner (2009), str. 8: "[...] ne trěba byti religioznym v opisanom minimalnom smyslě, da by byti prijetym kako hinduist od drugyh hinduistov, ili samoopreděliti se kako hinduist. Člověk može byti politeistom ili monoteistom, monistom ili panteistom, henoteistom, panenteistom, pandeistom, daže agnostikom, humanistom ili ateistom, i vse ravno byti uvažanym za hinduista."</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title=Encyclopedia of Violence, Peace and Conflict |publisher=Academic Press |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-12-369503-1 |editor-last=Kurtz |editor-first=Lester}}</ref> Po slovam [[Mahatma Gandhi|{{LatCyr|Mahatma Gandhi|Махатма Ганди|Mahatma Gandi|1}}]], "člověk može ne věriti v Boga i vse ravno nazyvati sebe hinduistom".<ref>{{LatCyr|MK Gandhi|МК Ганди|MK Gandi|1}}, [http://www.mkgandhi.org/ebks/essence_of_hinduism.pdf ''The Essence of Hinduism''], Redaktor: {{LatCyr|VB Kher|ВБ Кхер|VB Kher|1}}, Navajivan Publishing, str. 3</ref> Po slovam [[Wendy Doniger|{{LatCyr|Wendy Doniger|Венди Донигер|Vendi Doniger|1}}]], "ideje o vsih glavnyh pytanjah věry i stila žitja – vegetarijanstvo, nenasilje, věra v prěrodženje, daže [[Kastovy system v Indiji|kasty]] – sut prědmety debaty, a ne [[dogma]]". == Tipologija == [[Fajl:Aum Om navy blue circle coral.svg|thumb|upright|[[Om]], stilizovana litera v [[devanagari]]jskom pismě, koristana kako religiozny simbol v hinduizmě]] Hinduizm, kako on jest obyčno znajemy, može byti poděljeny na nekoliko glavnyh tokov. Iz historičnogo dělenja na šest [[Daršana|daršan]] (filozofij), dvě školy, [[Vedanta]] i [[Joga (filozofija)|joga]], sut nyně najvyše značne. Šest [[Astika|astičnyh]] škol hinduističnoj filozofije, ktore priznavajut avtoritet Ved, sut: [[Samkhja]], [[Joga (filozofija)|joga]], [[Njaja]], [[Vaišešika]], [[Mimamsa]] i [[Vedanta]]. Klasifikovane po osnovnom božstvu ili božstvah, četyri glavne moderne toky hinduizma sut [[Vaišnavizm]] (Višnu), [[Šivaizm]] (Šiva), [[Šaktizm]] (Devi) i [[Smartizm]] (pet božstv, traktovanyh kako rovna). Hinduizm takože priznavaje mnogo božstv. Mnogi hinduisti razgledajut božstva kako aspekty ili manifestacije jednoj bezličnoj absolutnoj ili krajnjej realnosti, a něktori hinduisti tvrdet, že konkretno božstvo prědstavjaje najvyšše, a razna božstva sut niže manifestacije togo najvyššego. == Raznolikost i jedinstvo == [[Fajl:Angkor Wat Temple, Cambodia in 2013.JPG|thumb|[[Angkor Wat]] v Kambodži, najveliky hram hinduizma na světě]] === Raznolikost === Hinduistična věrovanja sut široka i raznorodna, i tako hinduizm često nazyvajut „rodinoju religij", a ne jednoju religijeju.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hinduism |url=https://www.history.com/topics/religion/hinduism |access-date=2020-04-23 |website=History.com |date=2019-09-30}}</ref> V vsakoj tradiciji v hinduizmě sut različne teologije, praktiky i sveta pisanja, vključajuči unikalne interpretacije, komentary i proizvodne raboty, ktore bazirujut se na osnovnyh pisanijah.<ref>{{LatCyr|Dasgupta|Дасгупта|Dasgupta|1}}, Surendranath; {{LatCyr|Banarsidass|Банарсидасс|Banarsidass|1}}, Motilall (1992). ''A history of Indian philosophy'' (part 1), str. 70.</ref> Hinduizm ne imaje „unifikovany sistem věrovanja v deklaraciji věry ili kredo", ale jest krovnym terminom dlja mnogyh religioznyh fenomenov Indije. === Sanatana Dharma === [[Fajl:Srirangam-Rajagopuram-1.jpg|thumb|right|[[Ranganathaswamy Temple, Srirangam|Hram Ranganathasvami v Srirangamu]], posvěčeny hinduističnomu božstvu [[Višnu]].<ref>Valmiki Ramajana, Ajodhja kanda, sarga 6, sloka 1, 2 i 3</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/history-and-culture/Srirangam-temple-rich-with-elaborate-details/article59829979.ece|title=Hram Srirangam bogaty detaljami|newspaper=The Hindu|date=2014-04-03|access-date=2023-08-28|archive-date=2023-08-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230816200421/https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/history-and-culture/Srirangam-temple-rich-with-elaborate-details/article59829979.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/news/india/was-ram-born-in-ayodhya/articleshow/77380259.cms|title=Či rodil se Rama v Ajodhji?|website=Mumbai Mirror|access-date=2023-08-28|archive-date=2020-08-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200814150318/https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/news/india/was-ram-born-in-ayodhya/articleshow/77380259.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>]] Dlja svojih věrnikov, hinduizm jest tradicijny sposob žitja.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Insoll |first=Timothy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QNxnYjYRuOMC&pg=PA35 |title=Archaeology and world religion |publisher=Routledge |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-415-22155-9 |access-date=2020-12-29}}</ref> ''Sanatana Dharma'' označaje „věčny, bezvrěmenny sbor istin" i tako hinduisti gledajut na počatky svojej religije. Ona jest gledana kako věčne istiny i tradicije s počatkami vně ljudskoj historije – istiny božsky objavjene ([[Shruti|Šruti]]) v [[Vědy|Vědah]], najstarših pisanjah světa. Dlja mnogyh hinduistov, hinduizm jest tradicija, ktoru možno slěditi do starověkogo vědskogo perioda. Zapadny termin „religija", ako označaje „dogmu i instituciju, slědujuču jednomu osnovatelju", ne jest vhodny dlja jihnoj tradicije. ''Sanatana Dharma'' historično označaje „věčne" obvezky, religiozno zapověděne v hinduizmě — obvezky take kako čestnost, neškoditi živym (''[[ahimsa]]''), čistota, dobra volja, milosrdje, trpěnje, samokontrola, ščedrost i asketizm. Tute obvezky upotrěbjajut se nezavisno od klasy, kasty ili sekty hinduista.<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Sanatana dharma — Hinduism |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/665848/sanatana-dharma |access-date=2016-11-17 |archive-date=2015-05-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150503143650/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/665848/sanatana-dharma |url-status=live}}</ref> === Vaidika Dharma === Něktori nazyvajut hinduizm ''Vaidika dharma'', pomimo tantričnyh objavjenj. Slovo 'Vaidika' v sanskrtu znači „izvedeno iz ili po Vědě" ili „s Vědoju svezany".<ref>{{Cite web|last=Monier-Williams|first=Monier|year=1988|title=Sanskrit English Dictionary|url=http://sanskritdictionary.com/scans/?col=1&img=mw1022.jpg|access-date=2018-07-24|website=sanskritdictionary.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201229174152/http://sanskritdictionary.com/scans/?col=1&img=mw1022.jpg|archive-date=2020-12-29|url-status=live}}</ref> Tradicijni učeni upotrěbjajut terminy Vaidika i Avaidika, tyh, ktori prijimajut Vědy kako avtoritativny iztočnik i tyh, ktori ne, da by razdělili razne indijske školy od džajnizma, budizma i čarvaky. Po slovam Klausa Klostermajera, termin Vaidika dharma jest najranšim samonazvanym imenom hinduizma. Po slovam [[Arvind Sharma|Arvinda Šarmy]], historične dokazy pokazyvajut, že „hinduisti označajut svoju religiju terminom ''vaidika dharma'' ili variantom togo" v 4-om stolětju n. e.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Sharma|first=A|year=1985|title=Did the Hindus have a name for their own religion?|url=https://josa-publications.sydney.edu.au/chronological-index-1960-2002/|journal=The Journal of the Oriental Society of Australia|volume=17|issue=1|pages=94–98|access-date=2021-03-17|archive-date=2021-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304042137/https://josa-publications.sydney.edu.au/chronological-index-1960-2002/|url-status=live}}</ref> Něktore hinduistične religiozne iztočniki razgledajut osoby ili grupy, ktore oni nazyvajut nevědičnymi, kako heretikov (''pāṣaṇḍa''/''pākhaṇḍa''). Napr. ''[[Bhagavata Purana|Bhāgavata Purāṇa]]'' smatraje budistov, džajnov i něktore šivaistične grupy kako heretikov.<ref>Valpey, Kenneth Russell; Gupta, Ravi Mohan (2013). ''The Bhāgavata Purāṇa, sacred text and living tradition'', str. 146. Columbia University Press.</ref> Rane sanskrtske teksty različajut vaidika, vaišnava, šaiva, šakta, saura, budističnu i džajnsku tradicije. No v pozdnom 1-om tysečolětju n. e. stvorila se kompleksna koncepcija hinduizma, različna od budizma i džajnizma. Termin Vaidika dharma označaje kodeks praktik „na osnově Věd", no točny smysl jest nejasny. Vaidika dharma ili „vědičny sposob žitja" ne znači, že hinduizm jest nužno religiozny ili že hinduisti imajut uniformno institucionalno značenje za tutoj termin. Mnogi religiozni hinduisti implicitno priznavajut avtoritet Věd, no često to jest „prosto deklaracija, že někto smatra sebe hinduistom". === Pravna definicija === [[Bal Gangadhar Tilak|{{LatCyr|Bal Gangadhar Tilak|Бал Гангадхар Тилак|1}}]] definoval hinduizm v ''Gita Rahasya'' (1915): „Prijimanje Věd s poštovanjem; priznanje, že sposoby spasenja sut raznorodne; i osvědomljenje, že množstvo božstv k poštovanju jest veliko".<ref>Kohli Hari Dev (2010), ''Supreme Court On Hindu Law'', str. 251.</ref><ref>Ved P. Nanda (red.) (2016), ''Compassion in the 4 Dharmic Traditions'', str. 71.</ref> Tuta definicija byla citovana Indijskym Najvyššim Sudom v 1966 i v 1995 godu kako „adekvatna i zadovoljajuča definicija".<ref>Peter Beyer, ''Religions in Global Society''.</ref> == Ronald Inden == Ronald Inden govori, že pokus klasifikovati hinduizm po tipologiji načel se v imperialnyh časah, kogda misionari i kolonialni činovniki htěli razuměti i pokazyvati hinduizm v shodě s jihnymi interesami. Hinduizm byl interpretovany ne iz duha razuma, ale iz fantazije i tvorčego voobraženja, ne konceptualno, ale simbolično, ne etično, ale emocionalno, ne racionalno ili duhovno, ale iz kognitivnoj mistiky. Od plemennyh animističnyh věrovanij do budizma vse bylo vključeno kako čest hinduizma. Rane iztočniki ustanovili tradiciju i naučne prědpoklady dlja tipologije hinduizma. Hinduizm, po slovam Indena, ne byl taky, kako imperialne religiozne stereotipy prědstavjali, i ne jest vhodno sravnjavati hinduizm jedino s monističnym panteizmom i filozofskym idealizmom Advajta-vedanty.<ref>Ronald Inden (2001), ''Imagining India'', Indiana University Press, ISBN 978-0-253-21358-7, str. 117–122, 127–130.</ref> Něktori akademici prědlagajut, že hinduizm možno razgledati kako kategoriju s „nejasnymi krajami", a ne kako dobro opreděljenu i tvrdu sučnost. Něktore formy religioznogo izražanja sut centralne za hinduizm, a druge, ne tako centralne, vse sut vnutri kategorije.<ref>Ferro-Luzzi, Gabriella Eichinger (1991), ''Hinduism Reconsidered'', Manohar, Delhi, str. 187–195.</ref> == Iztočniky == <references /> [[Kategorija:Hinduizm| ]] [[Kategorija:Religija]] [[Kategorija:Indija]] 1yj7xcapwkwpx4ybpfw1i03vhioh448 4 1052 45591 45503 2026-08-12T21:03:50Z Panslavist 34 /* Kvalita novyh člankov */ 45591 wikitext text/x-wiki __NEWSECTIONLINK__ {{Zaglavje krčmy}} <!--- Napišite svoje soobčenje niže ---> == Link na Diskord-server na Glavnoj stranici == Na Glavnoj stranici tut: Ако вы имајете какеколи пытан​ја, проблемы, примєткы или прєдложен​ја, поставите јих в '''[[Incubator:Krčma|крчмє обчины]]''' или [https://discord.gg/nhRuYAc5Uq нашем Дискорд-серверу]. Diskord-link vede na server Safronowiec, ktory uže malo čto imaje občo s MS i vikipedijeju. Imaje li smysl jego izmeniti na aktualny MS Diskord? Ili takože dodati link na Telegram-čat? Velika hvala. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 06:45, 5 January 2026 (UTC) :@[[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] – Čestno govoreči, ja ne jesm na Diskordu i ne znaju te servery. Jest li tam někaka grupa, ktora specifično zajmaje se MS Vikipedijeju? Ako ne, može bylo by lěpje dodati link k grupě na Telegramu. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 08:39, 5 January 2026 (UTC) ::Da, možno dati link na tuty razdel Diskorda, gde diskutuje se rabota na Vikipedii ::[[discord:channels/879438774323535914/1284479085871104075|• Discord | "Medžuslovjanska Wikipedija" | Medžuslovjansky • Меджусловјанскы • Interslavic]] ::či takože na telegram https://t.me/interslavic_wikipedia, ale myslim by bylo dobro prěd tym zapytati tamnogo admina ili vlastnika. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 11:13, 5 January 2026 (UTC) :::Grupa na Telegramu jest nemnožko aktivnějša, ne li? {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 16:28, 5 January 2026 (UTC) ::::Takože jestvuje stary Diskord-server za Medžuviki: https://discord.gg/Yp5QfFCPny, ktorogo vodil Lev. Oboje dnes neaktivny. Jestvuje li potrěba iměti sobstveny Diskord-server za Vikipediju? Forum-nit ne jest mnogo primětna. – [[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vipz|talk]] · [[Koristnik:Vipz/isv|isv]]) 09:35, 6 January 2026 (UTC) ::::Da, tam ješče někto byvaje iz redaktorov, dodam tuty link do glavnoj stranicy. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 09:58, 6 January 2026 (UTC) == Prědustavjeno pismo == Zdrav surabotniki! Jest nužno organizovati (povtoriti) razpravu o preferovanom pismu medžuslovjanskoj Vikipedije na domenu Fundacije Vikimedija, da byhmo iměli osnovu za tehničnu rabotu ktora odnese se na naše jezyčne kody <code>isv</code>, <code>isv-Latn</code>, and <code>isv-Cyrl</code> na Fabrikatoru ({{-|phabricator.wikimedia.org}}). [https://isv.miraheze.org/wiki/Med%C5%BEuviki:Kavarnja#Vikipedija_na_med%C5%BEuslovjanskom Diskusije organizovane na sajtu Miraheze] – na Fabrikatoru oni ne uvažajut. Slědovateljno otvarjaju ovu diskusiju: ktoro pismo preferujemo i začto? – [[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vipz|talk]] · [[Koristnik:Vipz/isv|isv]]) 08:58, 9 January 2026 (UTC) Hey Vipz, I'll respond in English, so that members of the Language Committee will be able to follow this conversation as well. A few months ago, I went through all articles we have, and found that about 2/3 of our articles use the Latin alphabet and 1/3 use Cyrillic. Although I am not active on social media myself, I have the impression that the situation there is similar: the majority uses Latin, but a sizeable minority uses Cyrillic. Since Latin and Cyrillic being equal is one of the main design criteria of Interslavic, the conclusion is simple: it should be possible to use both alphabets, and they should, ''as far as possible'', be served equally well. In other words, we need a bidrectional script converter. I've been looking around a bit and found ca. 20 Wikipedia editions that work with some kind of script converter: * Our own converter runs on Javascript and has three options: the source page (Lat/Cyr), the Latin transliteration and the Cyrillic translation. It has the advantage that the system remembers the preferred script of the user, apparently by means of a cookie. In mainspace articles, this converter only transliterates the text, but not the page name and not the categories. On category pages, it transliterates the titles of the articles and subcategories it contains, as well as system messages like "Тхе фолловинг 4 пагес аре ин тхис цатегоры, оут оф 4 тотал." The only established Wikipedia with a converter that works like this is [[:got:|Gothic]]. * [[:sr:|Serbian]], [[:uz:|Uzbek]], [[:ku:|Kurdish]], [[:chr:|Crimean Tatar]], [[:iu:|Inuktitut]] and [[:shi:|Tachelhit]] have PHP-based converters with the same three options (f.ex. source, Lat., Kir.). Information about the script is contained in the URL. The system does not remember one's preferred script, so when a page is opened, it is always the source text that is displayed first. This converter also converts the page title and the categories it is in. On category pages it does the opposite from our current converter: it transliterates the page title and the categories it is in, but not the titles of the pages and the subcategories it contains. * [[:sh:|Serbocroatian]], [[:tg:|Tajik]], [[:tly:|Talysh]] and [[:zgh:|Amazigh]] have PHP-based converters with two only options (for example: Latinica/Ћирилица). As I've understood, these converters are unidirectional, so that all pages must be written in the same script. For the rest, they work the same as Serbian. * The Chinese ones (zh, wuu, gan, zh-yue) seem to work like either Serbian or Serbocroatian, but since I can't read Chinese, I haven't taken any closer look at them. * [[:tt:|Tatar]] and [[:cv:|Chuvash]] have one or sometimes two buttons next to the page name. Everything is transliterated, even the menu on the left. Appears to run on JavaScript. * [[:ban:|Balinese]] has no less than five variations, but I can't quite figure out how it works. It seems like it shows some transliteration version by default, but I'm not sure about that. * [[:mni:|Meitei]] offers transliteration into Bengali script, but that works only for the categories underneath a page and the first letters on category pages. * [[:cu:|Church Slavonic]]: every page has three links for three different script variants (including Glagolitic), but they don't seem to work anymore. [[:ang:|Anglo-Saxon]] has a similar thing that actually works. * Another five projects (ug, bug, hak, bbc, gom) have multiple scripts but instead of a converter they sometimes contain multiple versions of the same article, for example [[:bug:Balanda]]. We have done that too in the beginning, but it's way too high-maintenance to be workable. I've been told that JavaScript is considered a bad idea, because it doesn't work properly in Wikipedia apps for cell phones. This means that we need to use the PHP solution, and since we need the converter to be bidirectional, our only option is the solution used for Serbian. This does, however, have a few disadvantages: # It transliterates page titles, which is not always what we want. This shouldn't be problematic though, since the page title can be manipulated with a template, for example here: [[:sr:З (слово ћирилице)]] # However, it also transliterates the names of categories, which means that Latin and Cyrillic articles are all tossed into the same category. Articles names are listed there untransliterated. This is problematic, because we must consider that not every Latin-writing person can read Cyrillic, and not every Cyrillic-writing person can read the Latin alphabet. # Even if a category full of articles written in the Latin alphabet is transliterated into Cyrillic, it does not only show them in the Latin alphabet, but also in the alphabetical order of the Latin alphabet. # A user who prefers one of the two alphabets has to change it manually for each and every page. So here's my own preferred solution, if possible: # It can work exactly like the converter on Serbian Wikipedia does, except for one thing: it should NOT transliterate category names. # Instead, we have parallel categories for Latin and Cyrillic. Every article written in the Latin alphabet is placed in Latin categories and has a redirect in Cyrillic, which is placed in the Cyrillic counterparts of these categories. Articles with titles that cannot be transliterated, like [[Microsoft]] or [[Ж]], can be placed in both categories. This is, basically, the current situation. It has the advantage that every article can be found by navigating though the categories, and that they are placed in the correct alphabetical order (which for Cyrillic is different from the Latin order). # I am aware of the fact that this solution is not perfect: a Cyrillic user who follows a Cyrillic redirect will still end up with a Latin article in Latin categories, even if he switches to Cyrillic. This cannot be helped, I'm afraid. UNLESS it would be technically possible that the categories under a Latin article link to Latin categories, and the categories under a Cyrillic article to their Cyrillic equivalents. Would such a thing be possible? # It is not a matter of life or death, but it would be nice if a user's preferred orthography could be stored in a cookie, so that he/she won't have to change the orthography manually every time. This would be a nice-to-have. There are a few other issues, too, but I'll get back to that later. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 00:57, 10 January 2026 (UTC) :Thank you, Jan! This is a very insightful and nuanced reply. The issue of not having a default script on multi-scipt Wikimedia projects affects editors more so than readers. As of 2026, multi-script editing is, unfortunately, nothing more than a seldom mentioned concept ([https://diff.wikimedia.org/2018/03/12/supporting-languages-multiple-writing-systems/ Diff 2018 community blog article]; [[:c:File:Editing challenges on multi-script wikis (with speaker notes).pdf|Wikimania 2017 presentation]]). Some editors are less proficient or efficient with one of the scripts, and many do not know one or the other at all, and will therefore be uncomfortable editing articles in the said script. Until multi-script editing becomes a reality, having a default script is an option to be considered; whether it is a sensible sacrifice—to the benefit of one group (a majority) and detriment of the other (a minority)—is subjective, but alas. The other thing which concerns designation of a default script are fallback choices: <code>isv</code> should ''probably'' have a fallback sequence to one of the scripts, which ''could'' solve the issue of the system not recognizing <code>[https://codelookup.toolforge.org/isv isv]</code> while recognizing <code>[https://codelookup.toolforge.org/isv-Latn isv-Latn]</code> and <code>[https://codelookup.toolforge.org/isv-Cyrl isv-Cyrl]</code>. In other words, we ought to support <code>isv</code>, but it makes no sense to translate it separately from <code>isv-Latn</code> and <code>isv-Cyrl</code>, unless we intend to have an unwieldy and hideous solution to not favoring one or the other – by including them both in every localized interface, namespace, or message element. – [[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vipz|talk]] · [[Koristnik:Vipz/isv|isv]]) 10:07, 10 January 2026 (UTC) ::Well, I think we shouldn't be over-zealous, but on the other hand, it's been almost twenty years now since I got involved with this language, and I can assure you that the alphabet issue has been a thing almost since day one. Every possible option between Latin-only and Cyrillic-only has its ardent supporters, and even though the Latin alphabet is used more often for Interslavic than Cyrillic, it remains a fact that about 3/4 of all Slavic people use Cyrillic. So treating one of them as merely a transliterated version of the other is out of the question. But it is also true that the average Pole, Czech or Slovene cannot read Cyrillic, whereas most Russians, Ukrainians and Bulgarians know the Latin alphabet at least to some degree, which gives the Latin alphabet a slight advantage nonetheless. It's not entirely clear to me what you mean by "fallback option", but if it means that <code>isv</code> is interpreted as "<code>isv-Latn</code> unless specified otherwise", I'd be perfectly fine with that.<br />Of course, there will always be imperfections. For a person who only knows the Latin alphabet it will be difficult to correct a typo in the Cyrillic text, or even to expand it with Latin text. For now, I think we should stick to the principle that a page written in Cyrillic stays in Cyrillic, and ''tant pis'' if you can't handle Cyrillic. But honestly, I don't think that's much of a problem at the moment. Most Interslavic users can understand both alphabets, and I'm sure the problem of multi-script editing will solve itself at some point.<br />For the record, transliteration between Latin and Cyrillic is pretty straightforward. The only inconsistency is the '''њ/нј''' issue found also in Serbian, but that's a minor thing that can easily be solved. That still leaves us with a few issues addressed [[:meta:Requests for new languages/Wikipedia Interslavic#Writing system related issues|here]] by @[[Koristnik:TutČas|TutČas]]. More specifically, s/he mentions the possibility of using not only the ex-Yugoslavia method for displaying Cyrillic, but also the Russian method (''лю'' instead of ''љу''). If I understand correctly that the source code looks like [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d0/Editing_challenges_on_multi-script_wikis_%28with_speaker_notes%29.pdf#page=29 this], such a thing could easily be implemented. The question is: do we want that? And another thing is that some users persistently use the etymological orthography (''mųž'', ''krålj'', etc.). If the converter can be programmed in such way that <code>'ų' => 'у'</code> and <code>'у' => 'u'</code>, then that would be a nice thing to have as well. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 12:40, 10 January 2026 (UTC) :I want to mention it's not the case that the user needs to change every page manually with MediaWiki LanguageConverter. The switcher at the top of the page is indeed temporary, but there is a setting in preferences that allows logged-in user to choose the variant they want. This is a separate option from the language of the interface. It seems to be more problematic for readers that aren't logged in. For them, it defaults to browser's settings (which obviously doesn't help most of the time), but Chinese Wikipedia displays a prompt allowing to choose the preferred variant on the first load, and then respects that choice (apparently with some javascript magic). I haven't checked thoroughly, but making it work seamlessly seems doable. Though, since each variant has a separate URL, I don't really understand why all links go to the default mixed variant instead of the one currently displayed. But anyway, I think the ability to do full-text search and making articles legible without Javascript is a big win. <span style="text-transform:lowercase;font-synthesis:none;display:inline-block">--[[User:MwGamera|Mw<span style="font-variant:petite-caps">G</span>amera]]</span> ([[User talk:MwGamera|besěda]]) 04:54, 14 July 2026 (CEST) == Транслитерација со Јапонского == Поздрав! Какобы толико в източнословјанскых йезыках хирагану し / катакану シ транслитерујут како си/si. В вечинству језыков (вкључајучи словјански) пишут ши/shi/ši. @[[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]], може измєнити то [[Kacusika Hokusaj|сде]] на "Kacušika Hokusaj" або на "Kacušika Hokusai"? Како мыслите? --[[Koristnik:Мурад 97|Мурад 97]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Мурад 97|talk]]) 20:09, 10 January 2026 (UTC) :Pozdrav, Murade, nazva ''Kacusika Hokusaj'' byla uže raněje v spisu potrěbnyh člankov, zato ja jesm to ostavil. Možno jest izdělati re-direkt na na ''Katsušika Hokusaj'' i to bude izobražati se na stranice. Tutčas, obratno, ja jesm prědělal vse japonske slova v članku na "''si''", "''dzju''", "''dzjo''" vměsto "''ši''", "''džu''", "''džo''" (Hepburnovo romaji ''shi'', ''ju'', ''jo''), i t.d. da by vsečto bylo v jednom standardu, ili možem to vratiti i ostaviti, kako bylo, s koristanjem jedino romaji transkripcije bez jej prěvoda do kirilicy. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 08:55, 12 January 2026 (UTC) Po mojemu mněnju to ne jest dobry pomysl. Nakoliko ja znaju, toj spisok potrěbnyh člankov sdělal Lev, a on vse bazoval na russkoj transkripciji. Problem jest v tom, že ta transkripcija jest osnovana na principu, že v russkom suglasky prěd '''и''' i '''е''' sut avtomatično palatalizovane. Izgovor '''シ''' i '''チ''' zaisto zvuči bolje kako poljske {{-|'''ś'''}} i {{-|'''ć'''}} neželi kako russke '''ш''' i '''ч''', ale v medžuslovjanskom to ne rabotaje tako. Sdělal jesm tabelku s někojimi problematičnymi znakami i uvidite, že daže ukrajinsky i srbsky koristajut '''ш''' i '''ч'''. Pozrite tu (poslědnji stolp jest moje prědloženje za medžuslovjansky): {| class="wikitable ext-gadget-alphabet-disable" style="text-align:center;" ! jap. !! ang. !! čes. !! rus. !! ukr. !! srb. !! isv |- | サ || sa || sa || са || са || са || sa / са |- | シ || shi || ši || си || ші || ши || ši / ши |- | シャ || sha || ša || ся || шя || ша || ša / ша |- | タ || ta || ta || та || та || та || ta / та |- | チ || chi || či || ти || чі || чи/ћи || či / чи |- | ツ || tsu || cu || цу || цу || цу || cu / цу |- | チャ || cha || ča || тя || чя || ча/ћа || ča / ча |- | ニャ || nya || nja || ня || ня || ња || nja / ња |- | ワ || wa || wa || ва || ва || ва/уа || wa / ва |- | ザ || za || za || дза || дза || за || za / за |- | ジ || ji || dži || дзи || джі || ђи || dži / джи |- | ジャ || ja || dža || дзя || джя || ђа || dža / джа |- | ダ || da || da || да || да || да || da / да |- | ヂ || ji || (dži) || (дзи) || (джі) || ђи || dži / джи |- | ヅ || zu || (zu) || (дзу) || (дзу) || зу || zu / зу |- | ヂャ || ja || (dža) || (дзя) || (джя) || (ђа) || dža / джа |- ! colspan="7" | razširjena katakana |- | ス || su || su || су || су || су || su / су |- | スィ || si || (si) || сы || (сі) || (си) || si / си |- | テ || te || te || тэ || те || те || te / те |- | ティ || ti || (ti) || ти (ты) || ті || ти || ti / ти |} {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 14:02, 12 January 2026 (UTC) : Одлично табло! Але по мојему мнєнју ако измєнити za / за на dza / дза (и zu / зу на dzu / дзу) тогды је было бы фонетично идеално (не по Поливанову и не по Хепберну оногдашње). --[[Koristnik:Мурад 97|Мурад 97]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Мурад 97|talk]]) 18:02, 12 January 2026 (UTC) ::Da, jesm tako(d)že suglasny [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 18:05, 12 January 2026 (UTC) == Remaining issues == Dear all, since it probably won't be long now before our Interslavic Wikipedia will finally be approved, there are still a few issues to be resolved. {{Ping|Ilja isv|LiMr|Danvintius Bookix|GlěbDyndar|Мурад 97|Panslavist|Tutčas}}, {{Ping|Medžuslovjanin|Ferpaks|Marcoorio|Aula Orion|Panslav|Orbitminis|Wojsław Brożyna}}, {{Ping|Adiee5|Plameniled|Miłosz Czaniecki|Владимєр Брєзин, сын Александров|Qiorly|Polda18}}, {{Ping|SzymonV|Vipz|Asank neo|FitikWasTaken|Machine of goodness|Snovid}} Your attention please! === Transliteration === First of all, there's the issue of transliteration, see above under [[Incubator:Krčma#Prědustavjeno pismo]]. The system used by the Serbian Wikipedia has the advantage that we can have the same article both in Latin and Cyrillic without having to resort to back-transliterations. In other words, we won't be forced to write "Džorž Buš" instead of "George Bush" in the Latin alphabet to avoid Cyrillic transliterations like "Георге Бусх". At present, transliteration is taken care of with JavaScript in [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/MediaWiki:Common.js MediaWiki:Common.js]. When we move to the system used by the Serbian Wikipedia (which IMO is the only sensible solution, see above), the same transliteration rules should be transferred to whatever system they use there, preferably with a few additions: '''bidirectional:''' {| class="wikitable ext-gadget-alphabet-disable" | a || b || c || č || d || e || ě || f || g || h || i || j || k || l || lj{{FN|*)}} || m || n || nj{{FN|*)}} || o || p || r || s || š || t || u || v || y || z || ž || ä || ö || ü |- | а || б || ц || ч || д || е || є || ф || г || х || и || ј || к || л || љ || м || н || њ || о || п || р || с || ш || т || у || в || ы || з || ж || ӓ || ӧ || ӱ |} '''unidirectional Lat &rarr; Cyr:''' {| class="wikitable ext-gadget-alphabet-disable" ! from | á || å || a || ć || ď || đ || ė || è || é || ę || í || ľ || ĺ || ł || ń || ň || ȯ || ò || ó || qu || ŕ || ř || ś || ť || ú ||ų || ů || w || x || ý || ź || ż |- ! to | а || а || а || ч || д || дж || е || е || е || e || и || л || л || л || н || н || о || о || о || kv || р || р || с || т || у || у || у || в || кс || ы || з || ж |} '''unidirectional Cyr &rarr; Lat:''' {| class="wikitable ext-gadget-alphabet-disable" ! from | ґ || ѓ || ђ || ѣ || ё || ѕ || і || ї || й || ќ || ћ || ў || џ || щ || ъ || ь || э || ю || я |- ! to | g || dž || dž || ě || jo || dz || i || ji || j || č || č || v || dž || šč || — || — || e || ju || ja |} {{FNBox|Note: {{FNZ|*)|I don't know if there is a way to distinguish between Љ (LJ) and Љ (Lj), but since fully capitalized text is rare, I guess Љ &rarr; Lj and Њ &rarr; Nj will do.}} }} === Alphabetical order === Another thing is the alphabetical ordering of articles in, for example, categories. The current situation is that Cyrillic letters absent in Russian – like Є, Њ and Ј – come before А. It is necessary that the right alphabetical order is followed, which preferably should also include letters not used in Interslavic but used in other Slavic languages, as they may appear in categories as well (the bold ones are Interslavic, the normal ones ain't): '''Latin:'''<br /> <big>'''a''' á ä ą å '''b c''' ć '''č d''' ď '''e''' é è ė ę '''ě f g h i''' í '''j k l''' ł ľ ĺ '''lj m n''' ń ň '''nj o''' ò ó ȯ '''p''' q '''r''' ŕ ř '''s''' ś '''š t''' ť '''u''' ú ů ų '''v''' w x '''y''' ý '''z''' ź '''ž''' ż</big> '''Cyrillic:'''<br /> <big>'''а б в г''' ґ '''д''' ђ ѓ '''е''' ё '''є''' ѣ '''ж з''' ѕ '''и''' і ї '''ј''' й '''к л љ м н њ о п р с т''' ћ ќ '''у''' ў '''ф х ц ч''' џ '''ш''' щ '''ы''' э ю я</big> === Dates === * The standard format for dates is: <code>dd.mm.yyyy</code> * In dates, month names should always be in the genitive case. Although these genitives are defined on translatewiki.net, that doesn't seem to work in the Recent changes, Watchlist etc. === Numbers === When a number is followed by a noun, the corresponding case differs: * 1: nominative singular (1 dom) * 2–4: nominative plural (2 domy) * 0 and 5–19: genitive plural (5 domov) * all higher numbers ending with 1: nominative singular (101 dom) * all higher numbers ending with 2–4: nominative plural (102 domy) * all higher numbers ending with 0 or 5–9: genitive plural (100 domov, 105 domov) === Namespaces === {| class="wikitable ext-gadget-alphabet-disable" ! colspan="2" | Namespace || colspan="2" | Talk |- ! English || Interslavic || English || Interslavic |- | (main) || (glavny) || Talk || Besěda |- | User || Koristnik || User talk || Besěda koristnika |- | Wikipedia || Vikipedija || Wikipedia talk || Besěda vikipedije |- | File || Fajl || File talk || Besěda fajla |- | MediaWiki || MediaWiki || MediaWiki || Besěda MediaWiki |- | Template || Šablon || Template talk || Besěda šablona |- | Help || Pomoč || Help talk || Besěda pomoči |- | Category || Kategorija || Category talk || Besěda kategorije |- | Portal || Portal || Portal talk || Besěda portala |- | Module || Modul || Module talk || Besěda modula |- | Gadget || Gadžet || Gadget talk || Besěda gadžeta |} I hope I haven't forgotten anything! === The code ISV === * In interwiki links, the language should appear as: <code>Medžuslovjansky / меджусловјанскы</code> * The English name of the language is "Interslavic". * There still appear to be issues with the language code <code>isv</code>. In Babel boxes, for example, <code>isv-Latn</code> and <code>isv-Cyrl</code> work, but <code>isv</code> does not. * I guess using <code>isv</code> shoud have a fallback sequence to <code>isv-Latn</code>, as [[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] suggested. === Transliteration once more === ''Theoretically'' it will be possible to add unidirectional solutions to additional writing systems, like Russian Cyrillic or Glagolitic. Personally, I am not in favour of such a solution though. That's pretty much all I can think of. Comments? Suggestions? Opinions? Cheers, {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 16:51, 11 February 2026 (UTC) :Finally! That is some great news. :All the points touched here make sense to me. :I am also against additional transliteration to either Russian Cyrillic or Glagolitic. It would add more confusion IMO. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 19:07, 11 February 2026 (UTC) :jesm popravil tabelu Namespaces [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 19:09, 11 February 2026 (UTC) ::O, hvala za popravku, to je byla moja glupost! {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 20:39, 11 February 2026 (UTC) :Hi Jan, :Many thanks for this communication. :My idea of selective automatic both-way transliteration is as follows.<br />Now we have a template to block transliteration for a piece of text :<pre>{{-|text not to be transliterated}}</pre> :all it does only adding HTML tag :<pre>&lt;span class="ext-gadget-alphabet-disable"&gt;text not to be transliterated&lt;/span&gt;</pre> :that is analized by transliteration gadget that ignores the text between tag borders. This tag can be also used "manually" when use of template is not possible due to wikitext syntax (e.g. text of hyperlink etc.), so we have more or less two tools to control transliteration now. :I would propose to add one more template for selective transliteration, for example :<pre>{{LatCyr|Jean-François|Жан-Франсуа|Žan Fransua|1}}</pre> :where:<br/> :''Jean-François'' - (obligatory parameter) text in original language in Latin script (name)<br/> :''Жан-Франсуа'' - (obligatory parameter) text in cyrillic (phonetical transliteration)<br/> :''Žan Fransua'' - (optional) phonetic latin<br/> :''1'' - (optional) when this is present, the name appears first time on the article and it could be displayed with phonetic latin in parentheses (could be useful when uncommon languages for the reader are used). :This template could work same way adding HTML class tags (these need to be created for original latin, cyrillic and phonetic latin). The translit script could be modified so it sees the tags and modifies text as per current isv graphic selection setting. {| class="wikitable" |+ |Examples |- ! Parameters !! lat/cyr !! Renders as |- | <nowiki>Jean-François|Жан-Франсуа|Žan-Fransua|1</nowiki> || cyr || Жан-Франсуа (Jean-François) |- | <nowiki>Jean-François|Жан-Франсуа|Žan-Fransua</nowiki> || cyr || Жан-Франсуа |- | <nowiki>Jean-François|Жан-Франсуа|Žan-Fransua|1</nowiki> || lat || Jean-François (Žan-Fransua) |- |<nowiki>Jean-François|Жан-Франсуа</nowiki> |lat |Jean-François |- |<nowiki>Jean-François|Жан-Франсуа</nowiki> |cyr |Жан-Франсуа |- |<nowiki>Györ|Дьёр|Ďjor|1</nowiki> |lat |Györ (Ďjor) |} :Would this proposal be of interest? :It would still require somepone to program the gadget and admin rights to place it on the wiki section. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 07:21, 12 February 2026 (UTC) Yes, this certainly makes sense. The language converter can easily be embedded in the current <tt><nowiki>{{-|...}}</nowiki></tt> template. Normally the language converter would expect something like:<br /><tt><nowiki>-{ isv-Latn: Jean-François; isv-Cyrl:Жан-Франсуа }-</nowiki></tt>.<br />The remaining two fields can easily be handled in the template itself, I think. But on the other hand, the same functionality can also be achieved simply by using the same template twice: <tt><nowiki>{{-|Jean-François|Жан-Франсуа}} {{-|(izgovor: Žan-Fransua)|(fr. Jean-François)}}</nowiki></tt> If that's the case, then parameters 3 and 4 wouldn't even be necessary. One thing I'm not entirely sure about myself, is what happens when you open a page ''before'' picking an orthography. At that moment the system doesn't know whether the page is in Latin or in Cyrillic orthography. I *think* this is done by adding a third parameter: <tt><nowiki>-{ isv-Latn: Jean-François; isv-Cyrl: Жан-Франсуа; isv: Jean-François }-</nowiki></tt> Anyway, the advantage of all this is that we won't immediately have to change all pages where it is used. In many cases the template is used for expressions that shouldn't be transliterated at all, like "{{-|Microsoft}}". Those cases won't be affected by the change at all. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 11:01, 12 February 2026 (UTC) :Thank you, Jan, yes, this could be the way to go. Still need some time to understand better the way the gadget works but would like to start trying soonest. Cheers, [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 18:53, 12 February 2026 (UTC) === Script === {{-|''(added a header for clarity)''}} :So, today is a great day as I tried first time the vibe-codng with Google AI mode to modify transliteration script. :My proposal is to use 3 classes that will be added by template (or manually) to mark 3 options of text. :<pre> <span class="alphabet-isv-Latn">Jean-François</span></pre> :<pre> <span class="alphabet-isv-Cyrl">Жан-Франсуа</span></pre> :<pre><span class="alphabet-isv">Žan-Fransua</span></pre> :Depending on user alphabet setting, only one of the three will be displayed.<br/> :Herewith the code that needs to be added to the script, in the very beginning, after description remark (starting line 9). :<syntaxhighlight lang="javascript" line="1" start="9"> /** This part is added by [[Koristnik:Ilja_isv]], vibe-coded with Google AI /** Sorry code is removed since it did not work in the end </syntaxhighlight> :@[[Koristnik:IJzeren Jan|IJzeren Jan]], may I ask you to add this code to Common.js so we could test? It takes admin rights to modify the javascript. I can send the complete modified script file if this is easier, I have a backup of original Common.js for the case of failure and the tags for testing entered in the sandbox. Thanking you in advance for help, hope it will work. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 09:56, 24 February 2026 (UTC) ::Unfortunately, being a test admin I do not have the rights to edit Common.js (I actually tried a while back, to no avail). Perhaps [[Koristnik:Iohanen]] can be of help here? Cheers, {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 10:56, 24 February 2026 (UTC) :::Thank you Jan, will contact. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 11:19, 24 February 2026 (UTC) :::Jan, one more idea: we can also test changes at old Miraheze space, the gadget script is identical. Do you have admin rights there or do you know the admin? I do not even have a login. The script file there is called Gadget-alphabet.js: :::https://isv.miraheze.org/wiki/MediaWiki:Gadget-alphabet.js :::Just someone will also need to make a test page with tags to see how it works. :::Many thanks. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 11:50, 24 February 2026 (UTC) ::::Yes, I can modify the alphabet gadget on Miraheze. What exactly do you want me to do? {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 16:21, 24 February 2026 (UTC) :::::Hvala Jane, myslím, zajutra večer budu odpovědati, prěd tym uže ne budu iměti čas. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 18:54, 24 February 2026 (UTC) ::::::I had a reply from Iohanen, hvala za kontakt, it is: ::::::https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Iohanen?markasread=2792850&markasreadwiki=incubatorwiki#c-Iohanen-20260224173800-Ilja_isv-20260224114000 ::::::Will follow up in 1-2 days [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 05:35, 25 February 2026 (UTC) :::::No need to do anything, thanks to Iohanen, we have now a workable and tested script. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 12:38, 26 February 2026 (UTC) :::I have modified the '''- '''template, it can have 2 parameters now. If there is only one parameter, this text will be excluded from transliteration. If there is a second parameter present, first parameter is considered Latin, second is considered Cyrilic. When we install updated gadget script, either one or the other will be displayed, depending on language setting. Default is Latin (if Lat./Cyr is a choice or no choice made yet). {| class="wikitable" |+ Kako koristati |- ! Sintaksis !! Rezultat {{-|Latn}} !! Rezultat {{-|Cyrl}} |- | <pre>{{-|macOS Sierra}}</pre>|| <pre>macOS Sierra</pre> || <pre>macOS Sierra</pre> |- | <pre>{{-|Jean-François|Жан-Франсуа}}</pre> || <pre>Jean-François</pre> || <pre>Жан-Франсуа</pre> |- | <pre>{{-|Joe Biden (Džo Bajden)|Джо Байден}}</pre> || <pre>Joe Biden (Džo Bajden)</pre> || <pre>Джо Байден</pre> |} :::As we already have a perfectly working script (great thanks to [[Koristnik:Iohanen]]), I will ask administrators to install it and we have the problem solved. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 12:45, 26 February 2026 (UTC) ::::👍 [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 12:51, 26 February 2026 (UTC) ::::Hi All, ::::Good news: the script and new templates are implemented and work. I will publish a tutorial shortest possible. Congratulations to all participants 👍 [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 16:27, 28 February 2026 (UTC) ::::<s>Bad news: does not work in the mobile version, both Cyrillic and Latin are displayed, which was not like that during tests.</s> <s>Next point to address.</s> Done, all works now. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 16:29, 28 February 2026 (UTC) === Approval === {{-|''(moving this to a separate section to avoid cluttering)''}} Where did you get the information that Wp/isv is about to be approved? On the discussion page, the Language Committee members are ignoring it again, but as soon as someone posted about another project, it immediately received a response. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-98653-7|&#126;2026-98653-7]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-98653-7|talk]]) 21:08, 13 February 2026 (UTC) :I've been discussing the issue of the script converter with a member of the Language Committee, that's way. I know they could have approved our project already a year ago, but there's not much point in mulling over that now. I suggest we simply keep working on this wiki, approval will come by itself. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 21:37, 13 February 2026 (UTC) :: What kind of stories are you telling us? How many times has this happened? People are wasting their precious time on this instead of something more useful. --[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-10102-52|&#126;2026-10102-52]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-10102-52|talk]]) 13:57, 14 February 2026 (UTC) :::LOL, login under your real name. Why are you even here? :::If you're feeling that you are wasting your time here, you know where the door is, right? I strongly encourage you to go and do something more useful. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 14:03, 14 February 2026 (UTC) ::::Can't say I disagree. Negativity won't get us anywhere, that's for sure. Ultimately, we'll get there, and all the work we are doing here will soon end up in a real Interslavic wikipedia anyway, so it's definitely not a waste of time. And, if I may say so, complaining is a much bigger waste of time than actually contributing. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 14:45, 14 February 2026 (UTC) ::::: Look. It's a dead project; it only has four active users. Part of that is your fault, after all, you kept telling everyone the project was about to be approved (but it never happened). And I'll disappoint you a little: activity usually declines after a domain is created. I'd advise everyone to be more accepting of criticism. --[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-10115-37|&#126;2026-10115-37]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-10115-37|talk]]) 17:58, 14 February 2026 (UTC) ::::::Listen, brave man. If you want anyone to take your “criticism” even remotely seriously, you need to log in so we can see what your stake is and what you’ve actually contributed. Until then, you’ll simply come across as a troll or a saboteur. ::::::When we need your advice, we’ll ask for it. For now, you can tone it down and keep your advice to yourself. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 19:52, 14 February 2026 (UTC) ::::::: Wikimedia has a [https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Policy:Universal%20Code%20of%20Conduct universal code of conduct]. I recommend you read it. I've been following this project for several years, sometimes making anonymous edits. And I have the right not to register as long as Wikimedia Foundation projects allow this option. Your requests are rejected. --[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-10259-25|&#126;2026-10259-25]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-10259-25|talk]]) 20:07, 15 February 2026 (UTC) ::::::::Too many recommendations for anonymous "editor", buddy. You're dismissed and free to go. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 21:36, 15 February 2026 (UTC) ::::::::All emotions aside, I don’t really understand your frustration about the situation or your negativity toward Jan. I’m pretty sure Jan was simply passing on to the community what he himself had been told. ::::::::I don’t think anyone involved in this project expects it to suddenly become hugely popular. For me, it’s about steady work and gradually onboarding new learners of Interslavic. ::::::::Personally, everything I write here — and everything I do in life — I do primarily for myself. I don’t expect large audiences or dramatic results. If you feel like you’ve wasted your time because you were expecting something bigger, maybe the issue isn’t the project itself but the expectations attached to it. ::::::::If exposure and visibility are what you’re looking for, there are platforms built exactly for that. Like TikTok for example. But this project has always been about consistent effort and long-term development, not instant recognition. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 22:31, 15 February 2026 (UTC) ::::::::And if you truly have such deep knowledge of the future and already know how everything is going to turn out, maybe you should try day trading. With that kind of foresight, you’d probably make millions — and then all the time you think you “wasted” on our small project would fade away like a bad dream. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 22:34, 15 February 2026 (UTC) :::::::::That's right. Perhaps I've been premature with my assumptions, but they were not entirely without reason. First of all, we already met all the necessary requirements by October 2024 (five editors contributing regularly during a period of a few months + translated interface), and secondly, in January 2025 a member of the Language Committee confirmed that the project was ready for approval. Honestly, I have no idea why that still hasn't happened, and believe me, nobody feels more frustrated about this sluggishness than me. At first, I thought it was because of the label "constructed language", but given the fact that a wikipedia in Toki Pona was approved – even though it it's not even an auxiliary language and even though it wasn't even in the Incubator – that's can't really be the reason. And yes, of course I am disappointed that some active contributors haven't shown up for a long time. Neither do I understand why [[Koristnik:Wojsław Brożyna|Wojsław Brożyna]] requested Interslavic Wikipedia on Meta and started this wiki on the Incubator, since he never contributed anything of substance afterwards. Still, no matter what, the best we can do is simply carry on. Showing that we *can* do it is precisely what the Incubator is meant for. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 00:01, 16 February 2026 (UTC) :::::::::And anonymous, you call this a dead project, but at the same time you noted yourself that other projects with less users and less content are being approved, so apparently it's not *that* dead after all. You say that we should be more accepting of criticism, but the point of criticism is to improve something, not to frustrate it. If you have ideas about how to improve this project, we are all ears, and if you care about this project, you are more than welcome to contribute. But if you don't, then I don't quite understand why you bother making these comments at all. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 00:03, 16 February 2026 (UTC) :::::::::: I don't remember saying this, but I would have said the same thing. You need to clearly define your goal and determine whether it's achievable. If not, then move on to other goals. Here, it's like knocking on a closed gate. Sometimes they say something or wink, but the gate remains closed. I have ideas, but first you need to stop knocking on closed gates. It's really sad. --[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-10286-28|&#126;2026-10286-28]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-10286-28|talk]]) 11:38, 16 February 2026 (UTC) :::::::::::I don't think it's like knocking on a closed gate. Look what happened with our ISO code. Our first two requests were rejected for stupid reasons and the third request took almost five years to be validated: first because they simply forgot about it, and then because it was stalled because they were reformulating their policies. It seems like they didn't quite know what do to with Interslavic, for example, whether they should qualify it as natural or a constructed language. So yes, I am kind of having a ''déjà-vu'' here. And again, I don't why it is taking them so long. The language itself shouldn't be the problem anymore, since its eligibility was established already in October 2024. My best guess is simply that the majority of the LangCom members are barely active, and that the remaining members are hesitant because of the extra work that needs to be done with regard to script conversion and the like. But ultimately ''upornost se izplati''. And anyway, it's not like we have an alternative here. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 12:37, 16 February 2026 (UTC) :::::::::::: There are alternatives. In fact, with the development of AI, Wikipedia's role is gradually diminishing. Just look at the statistics: activity is declining in many editions (for example, in Russian, but the situation is no better in other Slavic editions). The situation is only good in languages ​​with a large number of native speakers (English, Spanish, French). This project will ultimately be edited by a relatively small group of enthusiasts. If the project is for enthusiasts, work can be done anywhere (on other wiki projects, etc.) whithout frustration. --[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-10427-04|&#126;2026-10427-04]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-10427-04|talk]]) 14:26, 16 February 2026 (UTC) :::::::::::::The relationship between Wikipedia and AI is a problem in itself, but there's not much point in speculation about the future. Besides, following your logic, we might as well close all Wikipedias except the English one. You are right about one thing: if the Interslavic Wikipedia were purely intended for enthusiasts of Interslavic, Miraheze or whatever other wikifarm might do. But that's not the point. This wiki should serve as an additional source of information for Slavic speakers. The reason we need a separate Wikipedia project is that people can find it, for example via interwiki links. As long as it is stored here or in some wikifarm, nobody will be able to find it. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 16:05, 16 February 2026 (UTC) :::::::::::::: This isn't quite the correct continuation of my logic: sections don't need to be closed, but activity will gradually decline. They will remain as encyclopedias, but will be preserved (AI will take information from there for itself). As for whether people will be able to find this project through interwiki, that's doubtful; interwiki is badly presented in the current Wikipedia skin. It's easy to search there if you know exactly which language you need. But it's possible that some people will still find this project through interwiki. As a source of information, people prefer to read in their native language. What you said could have been expected 10-20 years ago. If they can't find information in their language, they'll translate it from the language in which it exists (most likely, English). The quality of translation in online translators is much better now. --[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-10427-04|&#126;2026-10427-04]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-10427-04|talk]]) 09:09, 17 February 2026 (UTC) ::Good news. A thread "Proposed approval of Interslavic Wikipedia" has appeared on the Langcom Mailing List. I hope we get a positive response soon. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-17126-63|&#126;2026-17126-63]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-17126-63|talk]]) 20:12, 18 March 2026 (UTC) :::I'm really starting to get the impression that langcom is deliberately ignoring wp/isv. Jon Harald Søby created a thread "Proposed approval of Interslavic Wikipedia," but it received no response, either positive or negative. However, another thread appeared there and received an almost immediate response. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-18779-70|&#126;2026-18779-70]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-18779-70|talk]]) 11:19, 26 March 2026 (UTC) :::: That's true. But in reality, there are plenty of such threads. Someone wants approval, no one responds, or no one responds positively, and approval is delayed. Don't count on approval soon; it will be several years away. I especially don't recommend relying on the nearly dead Langcom.--[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-18633-18|&#126;2026-18633-18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-18633-18|talk]]) 11:30, 26 March 2026 (UTC) :::::Years? Is it really that bad? What's the point of writing anything here if there will never be approval? [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-18861-96|&#126;2026-18861-96]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-18861-96|talk]]) 13:56, 26 March 2026 (UTC) :::::: Honestly, I don't know why they're doing this. It's been clear many times that Langcom doesn't want to approve this project and will delay approval as long as possible. Sooner or later, this leads to burnout (maybe Langcom is counting on it). Note that Langcom hasn't offered any apologies or justifications, as if this is a normal situation. --[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-18833-94|&#126;2026-18833-94]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-18833-94|talk]]) 15:57, 26 March 2026 (UTC) :::::::Ura! Sračky 😂 [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 21:35, 26 March 2026 (UTC) :::::::Very good news! Other members of the language committee have responded, and it's safe to say that Interslavic Wikipedia is practically approved. All that's left is to leave a notification about the proposal being approved, and now all that's left is to create isv.wikipedia.org. Finally, it's isv's turn. Thank you for continuing to create articles and staying active. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-31741-38|&#126;2026-31741-38]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-31741-38|talk]]) 03:13, 29 May 2026 (UTC) == Wiktionary == ''(moving this to a separate item to avoid cluttering)'' When we receive approval, will it automatically give us the option to create a Wiktionary for Interslavic, or do we need to apply for that separately? I already have some ideas and plans for it. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 15:45, 12 February 2026 (UTC) :Setting up a separate Wiktionary would require a separate application process on [[m:Requests for new languages|Meta]]. Approval will probably come easier if Interslavic already has its own Wikipedia, though. Theoretically, you could also start creating a Wiktionary in the Incubator, here: [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wt/isv Wt/isv]. Yet I am wondering: what would be the point of a Wiktionary for Interslavic? We already have our multilingual dictionary at https://interslavic-dictionary.com/, and there's the same dictionary at http://steen.free.fr/interslavic/dynamic_dictionary.html. Keeping those two in line with each other is already quite a lot of work. Wouldn't it be better to keep all our eggs in one basket, instead of having even more dictionaries around? {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 16:42, 12 February 2026 (UTC) ::Well, in reality, I'm just experimenting. ::In theory, there is an automated or at least semi-automated way to add articles to Wiktionary straight from the dictionary database, so the labor part should not be that difficult. ::What I did is I've created a fork of the dictionary that is using the same database and did slight improvements to it's UI, so now you can compare multiple words at the same screen and you can also look up the Wiktionary article straight from the interface, just by pressing the hyperlink. Creating Interslavic Wiktionary obviously would allow me to add the links to Interslavic Wiktionary. ::Wiktionary by definition is something that anyone can edit, so: ::# People would add new words more easily (Yes, there is a problem with verifying if those words are good or not, but in general it would give more power to the community vs. now, when suggesting something to Interslavic dictionary seems more like a bureaucratic process rather than a community contribution). ::# People could modify articles about the words in Interslavic and add contexts, translations to their natural languages, usage examples, etc. (Think of https://context.reverso.net/) ::[[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 18:04, 12 February 2026 (UTC) :::I've also revived the Slovnik Bot in Telegram and modified it a little bit, so it's also showing links to Wiktionary articles in corresponding languages. :::In theory, if people will add the use cases in Interslavic, this bot would be able to spit it out to users in Telegram. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 18:07, 12 February 2026 (UTC) :::The slovnik fork is available here :::https://interslavic.forum/slovnik/ :::I'm still working on it, but it's pretty much done for now. :::It allows you to compare up to 4 words on the same screen and look up the Wiktionary articles for corresponding language. :::This is just something I'm constantly using in writing texts. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 18:10, 12 February 2026 (UTC) ::In general, I'm just trying to integrate the existing infrastructure of Interslavic with what Wikipedia offers. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 18:07, 12 February 2026 (UTC) Well, I can certainly see the potential advantages of a Wiktionary. It could, for example, help in translating the dictionary into other languages. The thing is only that the official Interslavic dictionary is being worked on by a whole team of people. Errors are being corrected, new words are being added, and sometimes existing words are being replaced or simply kicked out. The problem with forked dictionaries is that sooner or later they will be obsolete. Besides, we can't have people adding stuff that hasn't been properly researched. That's why I am a bit hesitant here. But if you really want to try it, I cannot stop you, of course. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 21:50, 13 February 2026 (UTC) :This is a UI fork, mostly visual difference and additional features. It's connected to the same google document just as official dictionary. The only difference for now is that I've fixed individual declensions for some words (jejin, obědvě) (also I've committed the changes to official dictionary, it's just a matter for someone to approve the changes). :I'm not trying to create my own dictionary, but I'd like the work to go faster and I'd like to have a more participatory mechanism for the community. :Wiktionary would be a part of this mechanism. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 23:28, 13 February 2026 (UTC) ::Okay, we can of course give it a try. And like I said, I can surely see quite a few advantages of the idea. My only concern is, who is going to manage all this? Starting it in the Incubator is possible for sure, but if it's going to be a one-man show, it will probably stay there forever. Personally, I'd much rather we concentrate on Wikipedia now, which is already more than enough work. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 00:07, 14 February 2026 (UTC) :::I'll try to see how far I can go with it. If I fail, I fail, no biggie. I promise I will keep writing here on Wiki :) [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 00:16, 14 February 2026 (UTC) ::::I also do see potential in empowering people. When we know that our voice matters and we can affect something, it is in itself a very inspiring thing. I may be too naive and idealistic tho. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 00:21, 14 February 2026 (UTC) :::[[Wt/isv/Main Page]] :::I've created the Main Page and in process of importing the words from the dictionary. :::@[[Koristnik:IJzeren Jan|IJzeren Jan]], I was thinking translating some of your materials from English to Interslavic on word formation, voting machine, etc to create Help page, can I have your permission? :::@[[Koristnik:IJzeren Jan|IJzeren Jan]] @[[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] @[[Koristnik:Panslavist|Panslavist]] @[[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] @[[Koristnik:Мурад 97|Мурад 97]] @[[Koristnik:Danvintius Bookix|Danvintius Bookix]] @[[Koristnik:LiMr|LiMr]] @[[Koristnik:TutČas|TutČas]] @[[Koristnik:Medžuslovjanin|Medžuslovjanin]] @[[Koristnik:Ferpaks|Ferpaks]] @[[Koristnik:Marcoorio|Marcoorio]] @[[Koristnik:Aula Orion|Aula Orion]] @[[Koristnik:Panslav|Panslav]] @[[Koristnik:Orbitminis|Orbitminis]] @[[Koristnik:Wojsław Brożyna|Wojsław Brożyna]] @[[Koristnik:Adiee5|Adiee5]] @[[Koristnik:Plameniled|Plameniled]] @[[Koristnik:Miłosz Czaniecki|Miłosz Czaniecki]] @[[Koristnik:Владимєр Брєзин, сын Александров|Владимєр Брєзин, сын Александров]] @[[Koristnik:Qiorly|Qiorly]] @[[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] @[[Koristnik:SzymonV|SzymonV]] @[[Koristnik:Asank neo|Asank neo]] @[[Koristnik:FitikWasTaken|FitikWasTaken]] @[[Koristnik:Machine of goodness|Machine of goodness]] @[[Koristnik:Snovid|Snovid]] :::If anyone has any suggestions, I'd love to hear it. :::So far my plan is the followinɡː :::[[Wt/isv/Vikislovnik:Propozicija měseca#Dorabotati Vikislovnik]] [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 01:48, 12 March 2026 (UTC) ::::Hi GlěbDyndar, I can see the Wiktionary already on the incubator, and found a nice side-effect for Wikipedia incubator: when editing in Visual mode, selecting a noun in Nominative or a verb in infinitive, and pressing Ctrl-K (to insert hyperlink) it also shows possible links to the Wiktonary, so this option could be used for spell checking 😎 [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 13:40, 19 March 2026 (UTC) :::::That would be awesome! Having something to check spelling against is beneficial for the wiki. Yes, there is an official Interslavic Dictionary available, but it's not really built into Wikipedia, it would be really interesting to see it imported into the Wiktionary in its full extent and interconnected with the Wikipedia for spellcheck. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|contribs]]) 14:19, 13 May 2026 (UTC) :::::::: First of all, it's not that it takes up a lot of memory. Wiki projects use templates. A volunteer user who might want to edit Wiktionary doesn't need to know HTML and CSS. Learn to create templates first. The original wiki code, consisting almost entirely of HTML and CSS, is what we had in the past. --[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-29111-53|&#126;2026-29111-53]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-29111-53|talk]]) 16:03, 14 May 2026 (UTC) :::::::::Да говно эти шаблоны, в эпоху ИИ от них толку мало, ебешься три года ради того, что ИИ напишет за секунду. А потом если нужно какую строчку добавить или убавить в карточке, снова нужно лезть в этот шаблон и выяснять что там к чему. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 22:03, 14 May 2026 (UTC) :::::::::все новое - это хорошо забытое старое) :::::::::Шаблоны были сделаны, чтоб облегчить жизнь тем, кто не может кодить. Сейчас кодить может каждый, соответственно шаблоны летят мимо. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 22:10, 14 May 2026 (UTC) :::::::::: Whether it's good or bad, that's the way things are done in Wikimedia projects. So, don't blame anyone else. You can easily create your own beautiful wiki project without templates in the AI ​​era. --[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-29111-53|&#126;2026-29111-53]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-29111-53|talk]]) 10:25, 15 May 2026 (UTC) :::::::::::Да не переживай ты так, учитель) Разберусь, что мне делать. [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 16:24, 15 May 2026 (UTC) == Sravniti vs. sravnjati vs. sravnivati == slovnik ima 'sravnjati' kak imperfect, ale iz mojego pogleda, bylo by razumněje pisati "sravnivati", ibo priblizno vse jezyky imajut dodatny slog v tutom slovu v imperfektu "sravnjati" za mene imaje smysl "uravnjati", "sdělati jednakovym", na angl. ''to level'' čto myslite? [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 18:20, 12 February 2026 (UTC) :Nu znaješ, "sravnjati" prosto jest regularno stvorjena nesovršena forma sovršenogo glagola "sravniti". V dolgoj historiji medžuslovjanskogo jezyka vsegda jesmo usilovali, že jezyk jest kako možno regularny. Zato ''-ati > -yvati'', a ''-iti > -jati''. Očevidno, byli by takože druge možnosti, napr. ''-ati > -avati'' iili ''-iti > -ivati''. Ale my jesmo izbrali te formy, ktore sut najbolje razprostranjene po slovjanskyh jezykah. Poněkogda te druge formy na indivualnoj osnově daže mogut byti lěpše, ale ne hočemo vvesti v jezyk veče neregularnostij, neželi sut potrěbne. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 22:01, 13 February 2026 (UTC) ::Da, Jane, ja dobro razuměm i pametam vaše pojasnjenje o logikě impf.-pf. glagolov v MS, ale čto ako li poněkogda stvorjajemo falšivyh prijateljev v ugodu regulardnosti? (rus. сравнять, čes. srovnat, pol. zrównać) ::Dodatno, regularnost v MS v tutom osobnom slučaju (iz moejgo pogleda) ide protiv naturalističnosti, ibo vse naturalne jezyky prědavajut semantiku "to be comparing" inym slovom. ::Russky срав'''ни'''вать, сопоставлять ::Bělorussky параўноўваць, зраў'''ноў'''ваць, супастаўляць ::Ukrajinsky порів'''ню'''вати, зіставляти, зрівнювати ::Poljsky porów'''ny'''wać ::Češsky srov'''ná'''vat, porov'''ná'''vat ::Slovačsky porov'''ná'''vať, zrov'''ná'''vať ::Hrvatsky srav'''nji'''vati, upoređivati ::Srbsky срав'''њи'''вати, упоређавати ::Makedonsky сравнува, споредува ::Bulgarsky срав'''ня'''вам ::"Sravnjati s zemjeju" — "Compare with Earth?" or "Level it to the ground"? [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 23:43, 13 February 2026 (UTC) :::Aha, razuměju. Da da, takom slučaju može lěpje bude ''sravnyvati'' (nesov.) i ''sravnati'' (sov.), a takože ''sravnanje'' zaměsto ''sravnjenje'' «comparison”, ne li? {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 23:57, 13 February 2026 (UTC) :::Moje prědloženje": :::for the verb ''to compare: sravniti / sravnivati,'' ibo to odpovědaje logikě naturalnyh jezykov. :::for the verb ''to even, to level'' we already have ''poravniti'' (curiously, it's not ''por'''o'''vniti'', which would follow the logic you're explaining) :::[[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 00:13, 14 February 2026 (UTC) ::::''sravnjati'' možemo ostaviti, ale jedino v smyslu ''to even, to level'' [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 00:22, 14 February 2026 (UTC) == Websajt s katalogom i statistikoju == <nowiki>https://medzuslovjansky.onl/</nowiki> jesm stvoril maly websajt s vyše vizualnym kalalogom stranic i statistikoju može byti koristany kak onlajn biblioteka stvoril jego da by može byti takym obrazom uprostiti dostup obyčnyh ljudij do Viki i malost zainteresovati v napisanju člankov prošu, pišite vaši propozicije i myslji [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 17:32, 23 February 2026 (UTC) :myslju oddělno sdělati filtr za kategorij s prověrjenym pravopisom i dobry članok, da by možno bylo legko najdti teksty s dobrym MSom [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 18:11, 23 February 2026 (UTC) ::Da, to bylo by interesno. Myslju, že kategorija s prověrjenym pravopisom ne jest mnogo upotrěbima, ale može [[Incubator:Spisok najdolžejših stranic|tutoj spisok najdolžejših ćlankov]] jest? {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 22:03, 23 February 2026 (UTC) :::Už sdělal oddělny filtr, koj polazyvaje jedino članky so zvězdoju i s prověrjenym pravopisom. Myslju, to ne byla zla ideja i ja budu probovati dodavati toj šablon, kogda čitaju članky. :::Vo vkladke statistika možno odfiltrovati članky po dolžině, ale može byti sdělati oddělnu jarku vkladku "Najdolžejše članky"? [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 22:19, 23 February 2026 (UTC) ::::Da, myslju, že to jest dobry pomysl. Mimohodom, može mogli byhmo uže dodati do dobryh člankov. Srěd mojih člankov, myslju, že napriklad [[Abhazsky alfabet]], [[Džok (pes)]] i [[Ҕ]] kvalifikujut se, ibo sut mnogo obširnějše, než jihne ekvivalenty na drugyh jezykah. Imajete li prědloženja? {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 22:58, 23 February 2026 (UTC) :::::A nas budut prověrjati na odpovědnost kriterijam dobryh člankov? Ibo imajemo množstvo člankov vyše 10kb, koje libo už sut dost dobre (ale može byti ne sut take dobre, kak jihne analogy v inyh jezykah, ili prinajmenje v něktoryh), ale sut kratše, než v inyh jezykah. :::::I takože imajemo množstvo člankov menše než 10kb, ale koje takože sut mnogo dobre. :::::Večinstvo (ili vse) članky o kiriličnyh bukvah sut dobre na moj pogled, ale ne imajut trěbujemogo razměra. :::::@[[Koristnik:Panslavist|Panslavist]] napisal několiko dobryh člankov, ale on prosil prověriti pravopis za njim i ja byh dodal v jegove članky malost obrazov ili medija materialov, že by jih nemnogo oživiti (imajut prěmnogo teksta bez ničego vizualnogo) :::::@[[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] takože napisal dostatočno dobryh člankov [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 23:27, 23 February 2026 (UTC) ::::::Da da, jesm suglasny. Teoretično ne imajemo izrazne kriterije, toliko, že dobry članok trěbuje iměti někoju kritičnu masu. Granica 10K bajtov byla ustanovjena libovoljno, kogda na medžuviki iměli jesmo 20 člankov >10K, ale tutčas imajemo jih ok. 140. Dolgy ne avtomatično znači lěpši. Po mojemu mněnju, da by članok kvalifikoval se za uměščenje na glavnoj stranici: ::::::* jest bolje-menje kompletny o obgovarjaje vse aspekty (napr. članok o državě ne jest kompletny, ako nemaje ničego o ekonomikě, prirodě i t.d.). ::::::* imaje pravilny i prověrjeny pravopis ::::::* jest osnovany na prověrjenyh izvorah (znači, ne slěpo kopirovanyh iz drugyh viki) ::::::* ne jest toliko prěvod članka iz drugoj viki ::::::* kako možno, sodrživaje obrazky ::::::* kako možno, jest lěpši od ekvivalentah na drugyh slovjanskyh jezykah ::::::* prědmet ne jest prěmnogo niševy. ::::::Kromě togo, dobro by bylo, ako jest raznorodnost medžu člankami na glavnoj stranici. Tutčas imajemo ok. 20 dobryh člankov. Glupo bylo by, ako srěd njih byli 3 kirilične bukvy, ili 3 ukrajinski politiki. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 00:51, 24 February 2026 (UTC) == Dodati linky na spoločnosti v Dicord i TG na glavnoj stranici v menju == Tutčas poglednul i uviděl, že bulgarska vikipedija ima linky do spoločnostij v discord i tg na glavnoj stranici v menju, v lěvoj jegovoj česti. Može byti, my takože budemo dodati? https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC [[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:GlěbDyndar|talk]]) 12:29, 26 February 2026 (UTC) :Ne znaju, imaje li smysl popularizovati toj Diskord, on ne imaje ničto občo s Viki projektom, i Jan tam ne jest. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 08:16, 6 March 2026 (UTC) == Nove možnosti transliteracije - sdělano == Blagodare dobrym ljudam, pomagavšim izměniti skript, pojavili se nove možnosti transliteracije.<br/>Šablon '''-''' dostavaje novu funkciju: <br/>Tuty šablon upravjaje transliteracijeju, izključaje ju za fragment teksta (kogda koristaje se s jednym parametrom), ili pokazyvaje razny tekst za latinicu i kirilicu (variant s dvoma parametrami).<br/> {| class="wikitable" |+ Kako koristati |- ! Sintaksis !! Rezultat {{-|Latn}} !! Rezultat {{-|Cyrl}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{-|macOS Sierra}}</nowiki></code>|| <code><nowiki>macOS Sierra</nowiki></code> || <code><nowiki>macOS Sierra</nowiki></code> |- | <code><nowiki>{{-|Jean-François|Жан-Франсуа}}</nowiki></code> || <code><nowiki>Jean-François</nowiki></code> || <code><nowiki>Жан-Франсуа</nowiki></code> |- | <code><nowiki>{{-|Joe Biden (Džo Bajden)|Джо Байден}}</nowiki></code> || <code><nowiki>Joe Biden (Džo Bajden)</nowiki></code> || <code><nowiki>Джо Байден</nowiki></code> |- |<code><nowiki>«Scena v sadu {{-|Roundhay|Раундхеј}}» (1888) {{-|[[Louis Le Prince|{{-|Louis Le Prince'a}}]]|[[Louis Le Prince|Луи ле Пранса ({{-|Louis Le Prince)}}]]}} — najrannějši izvestny film v historiji.</nowiki></code> |<code><nowiki>«Scena v sadu Roundhay» (1888) Louis Le Prince'a — najrannějši izvestny film v historiji.</nowiki></code> |<code><nowiki>«Сцена в саду Раундхеј» (1888) Луи ле Пранса (Louis Le Prince) — најраннєјши известны филм в хисторији.</nowiki></code> |- |<code><nowiki>V Providen{{-|ce’|с}}u</nowiki></code> |<code><nowiki>V Providence’u</nowiki></code> |<code><nowiki>В Провиденсу</nowiki></code> |} <br /> <s>Čto ješče ne rabotaje: v mobilnoj versiji bude vsegda pokazyvati i latiničny i kiriličny varianty. Na rěšenju rabotajemo.</s> Vsečto uže rabotaje! [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 07:15, 1 March 2026 (UTC) :Odlično! Nu izvini, ale vse vrěme ne razuměju, začto jest toj drugy šablon. Takože možno jest pisati: <nowiki>{{-|Jean-François (izgovor: Žan-Fransua)|Žan-Fransua (fr. Jean-François)}}</nowiki>, i rezultat bude taky sam, ne li? {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 12:39, 1 March 2026 (UTC) ::Jego sdělal Iohanen za test, rěšil ostaviti 😊 [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 12:43, 1 March 2026 (UTC) ::vot test obohdvoh šablonov na živom članku https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/H._P._Lovecraft [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 12:48, 1 March 2026 (UTC) ::Mene lično dopoka nemnogo ustrašaje ta razlika medžu latiniceju i kiriliceju, ko ktoroj prihodímo. Napriklad, jesm musel v jednom slučaju sklonjati kirilicu i ne sklonjati latinicu 😢 Tako prijdemo ko dvom jezykam. Možlivo, bysmo mogli prěporučovati koristanje tutoj možnosti toliko v izključiteljnyh slučajah? [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 14:04, 1 March 2026 (UTC) :::A v kakom slučaju trěba bylo sklonjati kirilicu? {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 14:13, 1 March 2026 (UTC) ::::Tut byl variant ::::v Red Hook / v Ред-Хуку, ale já jesm dopoka našel izhod: ::::v apartamentu v četvrti {-|Red Hook|Ред Хук} [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 14:18, 1 March 2026 (UTC) ::::ješče v Providence / в Провиденсу [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 14:24, 1 March 2026 (UTC) :::::Ah, razuměju. Znaješ, medžuslovjansky ne imaje tvrde pravila odnosno sklanjanja neslovjanskyh imen i nazv. Ja byh sovětoval, da byhmo koristali apostrof: lat. {{-|Charles de Gaulle}}, kir. {{-|Шарљ де Гољ}} &rarr; rod. {{-|Charles’a de Gaulle’a}}, {{-|Шарља де Гоља}}. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 14:32, 1 March 2026 (UTC) ::::myslím, že rěšenjem jest vo Providensu / во Провиденсу, v Red-Huku / в Ред-Хуку. Ale, Lovecrafta/Лавкрафта, zato že ime [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 14:31, 1 March 2026 (UTC) :::::Ah, razuměju. Znaješ, medžuslovjansky ne imaje tvrde pravila odnosno sklanjanja neslovjanskyh imen i nazv. Ja byh sovětoval, da byhmo koristali apostrof: lat. {{-|Charles de Gaulle}}, kir. {{-|Шарљ де Гољ}} &rarr; rod. {{-|Charles’a de Gaulle’a}}, {{-|Шарља де Гоља}}. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 14:35, 1 March 2026 (UTC) ::::::nu to jest podobno russkomu jezyku, kogda koristajut se kusky latinicy [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 14:37, 1 March 2026 (UTC) :::::::Točno. A tamtyh slučajah: {{-|v Providence’u, v Red Hook’u}}. Koristajuči novy možnosti, možno daže: <code><nowiki>«V Providen{{-|ce’|с}}u»</nowiki></code>: «V Providen{{-|ce’|с}}u». {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 14:40, 1 March 2026 (UTC) ::::::::nu to uże diko jest: во Провиденс-цу? [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 14:42, 1 March 2026 (UTC) :::::::::Vo Providence'u/ во Провиденсу izgledaje kompromisno [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 14:44, 1 March 2026 (UTC) ::::::::interesno, trěba izučiti [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 14:52, 1 March 2026 (UTC) ::::::Gaulle на выдумки хитра (russko prislovje) ☺️ [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 14:39, 1 March 2026 (UTC) :Vsim pozdrav, ide obnovjenje skripta, transliteracija ne bude někaky čas rabotati. Prosim izviniti [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 17:47, 5 March 2026 (UTC) :Tak, vsečto jest izrěšeno, uže rabotaje i na mobilu. Mnogo děkuju adminam Vikipedije, ktore mnogo pomogli. Ura 👍 [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 19:42, 5 March 2026 (UTC) ::Vidžu! Fantastično! Hvala vsim, ktori pomogli! {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 08:20, 6 March 2026 (UTC) == Originalne <s>imena ljudij</s> i iztvorov umětnostij kako nazvy člankov == <s>Ja jesm natolkl se na toj problem, že ne věm, kako dějati lěpše... Jest članok o Johnu R. R, Tolkienu, zaglavje ktorogo jest napisano anglijskym jezykom. Trěba li takym že sposobom stvorjati i nove članky? A kako pisati vnutri članka?</s> <s>Ješče jesm ugleděl, že v poljskom jezyku imena sklanjajut se po pravilam jezyka, ale pišut se kako v originalu. Či možno li togda vnutri članka pisati, napriklad, ''... u Johna Ronalda Reuela Tolkiena...''? Ne bude li togda to mrzko izgledati v kirilici ''... у Jохна Роналда Реуела Толкиена...''? Abo trěba vnutri članka flavorizovati?..</s> P.S. Pomilujte, ja jesm slěpec, jedino tutčas uviděl jesm v vrhu to, kak to možno sdělati. Ješče jedna věč: jest članok o «Vladaru prstenjev», zaglavje ktorogo jest napisano na anglijskom jezyku («The Lord of the Rings»). Trěba li jego prěimenovati na medžuslovjansky jezyk? Myslim, že trěba, bo na vsakoj Vikipedije nazvy knig prěkladajut se na glavny jezyk Vikipedije. Cělkovito ne razuměm, kako rěšati tuto pytanje, ačekoli mně se kaže, že jego už obgovarjali, ale ja ne vidim rezultatov, pomilujte. S považenjem, [[Koristnik:Marcoorio|Marcoorio]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Marcoorio|talk]]) 07:38, 17 April 2026 (UTC) :Da, nazvanja knig jest trěba prěkladati, TLOTR in particular ☺️ Nužno jest tuty članok prěimenovati/prěměstiti, čto ne jest trudno [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|talk]]) 16:21, 3 May 2026 (UTC) ::Točno, lěpje jest prěvoditi zaglavja knig, filmov i t.d., ale takože imaje byti prěnapravjenje od originalnogo zaglavja. Jesm prěimenoval TLOTR v [[Vladar prstenjev]]. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 19:14, 3 May 2026 (UTC) == Approval! == Great news! Interslavic Wikipedia will soon be approved! Committee member Jon Harald Søby posted the approval notice on the Talk Language Committee page! Finally! Let everyone know if anyone doesn't know yet, and let Jan know too! Victory! [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-35104-48|&#126;2026-35104-48]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-35104-48|talk]]) 18:12, 15 June 2026 (UTC) :approved! 🎉 [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-36378-17|&#126;2026-36378-17]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-36378-17|talk]]) 15:14, 23 June 2026 (UTC) : Radostno! [[Koristnik:Таёжный лес|Таёжный лес]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Таёжный лес|besěda]]) 23:48, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) == Administratorstvo == Dragi! Dnes nakonec naša Medžuslovjanska Vikipedija byla stvorjena. Blagoželaju nam vsim i imaju naděju, že naš projekt bude postojanno rasti! Ja jesm byl administrator v Inkubatoru, a takože vo vsih prědhodnyh versijah medžuslovjanskoj viki (od 2007 g.). Na žalost, administratorstvo ne bylo prěneseno avtomatično iz Inkubatora, zato trěba mně tu oficialno kandidatovati se na administratora. Jest několiko věčij, ktore tutčas trěba bude sdělati bystro. Napriklad, vy isto pametajete, že skoro vse stranice iz Medžuviki byli kopirovane ručno – bez jihnyh historij, čto jest narušenje avtorskyh prav – i zato ja hoču je stopiti s novějšimi versijami. Kromě togo, vsegda jest potrěbny někto, ktory odstranjaje spam, vandalizm i tako dalje. Prošu, glasujte poniže! Sut slědujuče opcije: {{-|<nowiki>{{Za}}, {{Protiv}}, {{Nevtralno}} i {{Primětka}}</nowiki>}}. Ne zabudite dodati svoj podpis (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). S srdečnym pozdravom, {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 23:50, 24 junij 2026 (UTC) [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 17:09, 25 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}}: Razuměje se, Jan nas dovedl tu kde jesmo, ov projekt bez jegovogo děla ne by ni egzistoval. On zakladaje se mnogo i obhodi se s pravdivymi ambicijami. Nadějem se budemo iměti uspěšny prvy god na živoj Vikipediji! :) – [[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vipz|besěda]]) 00:19, 25 junij 2026 (UTC) # {{Za}} [[Koristnik:Vikislav|Vikislav]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vikislav|besěda]]) 03:01, 25 junij 2026 (UTC) # {{Za}} i potrěbujemo izbrati ješče 2-3 admini ili podadmini [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 06:27, 25 junij 2026 (UTC) # {{Za}} Jan nas dovedl tam, kamo jesmo potrěbovali, i kako najaktivnějši člen občiny si zasluži byti administratorom. --[[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]]) 09:49, 25 junij 2026 (UTC) # {{Za}}, očevidno. Velika hvala vsim — to jest naš obči uspěh! [[Koristnik:Marcoorio|Marcoorio]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Marcoorio|besěda]]) 10:27, 25 junij 2026 (UTC) # {{Za}} [[Koristnik:Panslavist|Panslavist]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Panslavist|besěda]]) 17:53, 25 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}} očevidno, Jan je tvorec medžuslovjanskogo. [[Koristnik:Adiee5|Adiee5]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Adiee5|besěda]]) 01:05, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) # Разумєје се {{Za}} [[Koristnik:FitikWasTaken|FitikWasTaken]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:FitikWasTaken|besěda]]) 13:24, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}} prisjedinjaju se k vsemu vyše skazanomu. [[Koristnik:Noncinque|Noncinque]]([[Besěda s koristnikom:Noncinque|besěda]]) 12:01, 26 junij 2026 (UTC+6) # {{Za}} [[Koristnik:Sauit|Sauit]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Sauit|besěda]]) 01:48, 2 julij 2026 (CEST) :Čestitajemo Janu, ktory jest dnes dostal neograničenu časom vladu Administratora tutoj Vikipedije [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 23:15, 2 julij 2026 (CEST) ::Hvala, @[[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]]! Nu, a kde jest tvoja kandidatura, eh? ;) {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 23:17, 2 julij 2026 (CEST) :Pozdrav, Jane, možete li takože darovati administračne prava Vipzu i Marcoorio? Hvalim voprěd. Jestli ne, podam stewardship request za njih. Hvala polna 👍 [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 23:19, 2 julij 2026 (CEST) ::Ja ne mogu dati administratorstvo, samo bjurokrati i stuardi mogut to dělati, a takyh my tu ne imajemo. Ja myslju, že Vipz i Marcoorio sami povinni sut glasiti se na stranici [[:meta:Steward requests/Permissions]], ibo ne znaju, može to dělati inokto. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 23:58, 2 julij 2026 (CEST) :::ne jest problemom, budemo organizovati 😉 [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 02:57, 3 julij 2026 (CEST) === Drugi admini === {{Ping|LiMr|Danvintius Bookix|GlěbDyndar|Мурад 97|Panslavist|Tutčas}}, {{Ping|Medžuslovjanin|Ferpaks|Marcoorio|Aula Orion|Panslav|Orbitminis|Wojsław Brożyna}}, {{Ping|Adiee5|Plameniled|Miłosz Czaniecki|Владимєр Брєзин, сын Александров|Qiorly|Polda18}}, {{Ping|SzymonV|Vipz|Asank neo|FitikWasTaken|Machine of goodness|Snovid}} i ostatni, kogo jesm ne vspomnil tut, prosim nehtěl by někdo se stati vtorym i tretjim adminom, da by Jan ne tegnul vsečto sam? Prosim takože vsih glasovati, hvalim voprěd. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 16:23, 25 junij 2026 (CEST) 09:32, 25 junij 2026 (UTC) :Ja ne věm, ako byh iměl na to dostatok časa, i ja o tom budu razvažiti. Ja dekuju za prědloženje. [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]]) 09:57, 25 junij 2026 (UTC) ::Da, dobro bylo by iměto ješče jednogo ili dvoh adminov. @[[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]], može li ty se kandiduješ? {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 10:32, 25 junij 2026 (UTC) :::Možno, budu, ale by se htělo lěpših kandidatov. ({{-|BTW}} izčezlo "odgovoriti", to jesm ja něčto slomil?) [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 16:21, 25 junij 2026 (CEST) :Ja jesm administrator na dvuh projektah, takože byrokrat i administrator interfejsa. Ja imam tehničske znanosti i imam takože velmi aktivnogo robota. [[Koristnik:LiMr|LiMr]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:LiMr|besěda]]) 19:21, 8 julij 2026 (CEST) ::Pozdrav, LiMre, kde jesi byl tako dolgo? Prědloži svou kandidaturu takože na glasovanje, myslím, že trěba minimum 6 glasov [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 19:45, 8 julij 2026 (CEST) :::Ja imel mnogo raboty i putoval jesm. [[Koristnik:LiMr|LiMr]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:LiMr|besěda]]) 20:16, 8 julij 2026 (CEST) :Ja mogu prijmati vaše prizvanje do administratorstva. [[Koristnik:Marcoorio|Marcoorio]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Marcoorio|besěda]]) 10:35, 25 junij 2026 (UTC) @[[Koristnik:Marcoorio|Marcoorio]] i @[[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]]: Super! Togda sdělajte oddělno zaglavje, da byhmo ne komplikovali žitje administratorom na Meta. ;) {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 16:44, 25 junij 2026 (CEST) :Hvala @[[Koristnik:IJzeren Jan|IJzeren Jan]], tako izdělajemo, ale htělo by ješče i někogo, kdo znaje, kako rabotaje Vikipedija lěpje, než ja ili @[[Koristnik:Marcoorio|Marcoorio]] i od kogo by bylo vyše koristi. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 17:03, 25 junij 2026 (CEST) Zdrav! Ako naša občina to želaje, mogu sebe nominovati za administratora i administratora interfejsa. Primarno se interesujem rabotati na tehničnoj infrastrukturě projekta: šablony, moduly, CSS, JS/gadžety, botovanje, i t.d. Administrativne prava dobro prihodet zaradi izčrkavanja i iziskyvanja, importovanja i prěměščanja specifičnyh stranic, iz-medžu ostalogo. – [[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vipz|besěda]]) 23:02, 25 junij 2026 (CEST) :@[[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]]: To bylo by odlično! {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 23:05, 25 junij 2026 (CEST) ::Jesm uže administrator (interfejsa) na srbskohrvatskoj Vikipedije i bylo by mně milo prenesti něčto znalosti odonud ovamo. – [[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vipz|besěda]]) 23:11, 25 junij 2026 (CEST) === Drugi admini - glasovanje === Kandidati na druge admini sut dva, @[[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] i @[[Koristnik:Marcoorio|Marcoorio]], oni ne sut konkurenti, adminami mogut byti obadva, jestli budut poddržani, prosim za ili protiv njih takože glasovati tut (ne zabezpametajte glasovati i za Jana vgorě) [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 07:23, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) ==== Vipz ==== @[[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] glasovanje [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 07:24, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}} - potrěbujemo opytnogo admina [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 07:26, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Nevtralno}} – ne znam dobro člověka [[Koristnik:Adiee5|Adiee5]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Adiee5|besěda]]) 10:59, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}}. Věrim jegovomu slovu o znanju interfejsa — tute znanja sut nam potrěbne. [[Koristnik:Marcoorio|Marcoorio]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Marcoorio|besěda]]) 11:37, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Nevtralno}} [[Koristnik:Panslavist|Panslavist]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Panslavist|besěda]]) 11:41, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}}, očevidno! Izkušeny koristnik, črěz dolge lěta byl administrator Medžuviki. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 16:46, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}} [[Koristnik:Vikislav|Vikislav]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vikislav|besěda]]) 15:38, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}} — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|prinosy]]) 21:07, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) # ... ==== Marcoorio ==== @[[Koristnik:Marcoorio|Marcoorio]] glasovanje [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 07:24, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}} - potrěbujemo motivovanogo admina [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 07:26, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Nevtralno}} [[Koristnik:Panslavist|Panslavist]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Panslavist|besěda]]) 11:41, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}}. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 16:46, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}} [[Koristnik:Vikislav|Vikislav]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vikislav|besěda]]) 15:40, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}} – [[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vipz|besěda]]) 15:47, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Za}} — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|prinosy]]) 21:08, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) # {{Nevtralno}} [[Koristnik:Adiee5|Adiee5]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Adiee5|besěda]]) 12:58, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) # ... ==== LiMr ==== @[[Koristnik:LiMr|LiMr]] glasovanje --[[Koristnik:LiMr|LiMr]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:LiMr|besěda]]) 20:13, 8 julij 2026 (CEST) #{{Za}} LiMr jest avtor mnogyh člankov na MS Vikipediji i mnogo pomagal jest v inkubatoru, vključno tehničnyh děl. Znaju, že jest takože aktivni na češskoj Vikipediji i znaje, kako tuto tut rabotaje [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 20:42, 8 julij 2026 (CEST) #:Uvažajemi, LiMr jest statistično koristatelj č. 3 v MS Inkubatoru, po mně i Janu, suglasno čislu pravok. Prosim poddržati, hvala lěpa 👍 [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 22:50, 10 julij 2026 (CEST) #{{Za}} [[Koristnik:Panslavist|Panslavist]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Panslavist|besěda]]) 00:06, 11 julij 2026 (CEST) #{{Za}} očevidno! {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 02:09, 11 julij 2026 (CEST) #{{Za}} [[Koristnik:Marcoorio|Marcoorio]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Marcoorio|besěda]]) 09:22, 11 julij 2026 (CEST) #{{Za}} — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 17:04, 12 julij 2026 (CEST) @[[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] i @[[Koristnik:Marcoorio|Marcoorio]]: od včera vy jeste administratori tutoj viki na 6 měsecev. Blagoželaju! :-)<br />A @[[Koristnik:LiMr|LiMr]]: ne zabudite sglasiti svoju kandidaturu na [[:meta:Steward_requests/Permissions#Administrator_access|Meta]], da by jedin iz stewardov mogl vam nadati knopky. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 09:35, 16 julij 2026 (CEST) :Čestistaju novym Adminam! Čas rabotati 👍 [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 12:11, 16 julij 2026 (CEST) ::Blagodarim! – [[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vipz|besěda]]) 12:33, 16 julij 2026 (CEST) :Ja sglasil svoju kandidaturu na [[m:Steward_requests/Permissions#LiMr@isvwiki|Meta]]. [[Koristnik:LiMr|LiMr]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:LiMr|besěda]]) 14:39, 16 julij 2026 (CEST) ::👍 [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 14:41, 16 julij 2026 (CEST) :@[[Koristnik:LiMr|LiMr]] se stal administratorom. Čestitajemo 👍 [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 09:33, 17 julij 2026 (CEST) ::Super. @[[Koristnik:LiMr|LiMr]], s uspěhom! {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 10:34, 17 julij 2026 (CEST) == Kolikost člankov na latinici i kirilici == Dragi prijatelji! Ja myslju, že oprědělenje "Okolo 2/3 vsih člankov byli napisane latiniceju, okolo 1/3 kiriliceju" ne odgovarja enciklopedičnosti. Prědlagaju stvoriti kategoriju, katalog po tipu Spisok člankov na latinici i na kirilici. Začto? Da by točno razuměti, koliko u nas materialov jest napisano na oboh grafikah. Poka čto u nas sut tendencije k umenšenju pisanja člankov na kirilici. [[Koristnik:Panslavist|Panslavist]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Panslavist|besěda]]) 23:10, 25 junij 2026 (CEST) :A či jest li potrěbno tuto ukazanje? Imajemo translitiraciju, zatom, na moj pogled, ne jest potrěbno ukazyvati, koliko člankov sut na kirilici/latinici. Takym tvrdženjem možemo odstrašiti tyh, kto znaje kirilicu i ne znaje latinicu (ako taki sut) abo někako inako prinesti zlu myslj, ale, očevidno, ju ne imajemo. [[Koristnik:Marcoorio|Marcoorio]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Marcoorio|besěda]]) 11:42, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) ::Ja jesm obratil uvagu na fakt, že v članku "Medžuslovjanska Vikipedija" jest privedena taka informacija: "Okolo 2/3 vsih člankov byli napisane latiniceju, okolo 1/3 kiriliceju", ale ne ima spiska člankov po kirilici i latinici. Zato jesm pomyslil, že jest enciklopedično ukazovati točnu informaciju [[Koristnik:Panslavist|Panslavist]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Panslavist|besěda]]) 11:52, 26 junij 2026 (CEST). Дља статистикы буде интересно. --[[Koristnik:Мурад 97|Мурад 97]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Мурад 97|besěda]]) 12:01, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) :Kako oprěděliti, latinica ili kirilica, bot/skript musi uděliti toliko tekst iz članka i sčitati latinične i kirilične bukvy? Napriměr, jestli vyše 70% teksta sut kirilične bukvy, on jest kiriličny? [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 13:23, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) :: А сут много чланков, кде оба писма? Вообче, по мојему мнєнју то пытанје технично. Просто, интересно, направду, кака у нас тутчас статистика. --[[Koristnik:Мурад 97|Мурад 97]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Мурад 97|besěda]]) 14:14, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) :::Mnogo lingvističnyh člankov imajut kirilične tablicy, priměry teksta, kako Mansijsky jezyk i td. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 15:19, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) :::Ili prosto, tekst s kiriličnymi nazvami razdělov jest kiriličnym 8-) Ako li sut razděly [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 15:22, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) :Za statistiku bylo by interesno, ale ja ne myslju, že taka kategorizacija jest potrěbna. Kromě togo dodavanje i poddrživanje tyh kategorij bude mnogo raboty. Někoj čas tomu nazad jesm prosto občislil, koliko iměli jesmo člankov na kirilici i latinici na osnově zaglavij (ne včisleči mojih člankov o kiriličnyh bukvah, ktore byli napisane latiniceju). Togda to bylo okolo 1/3 kirilice i 2/3 latinice. Kako to izgledaje tutčas, ja ne znaju. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 15:56, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) ::Jesm napravil osnovnu prověrku: v tutom momentu, 1,072 odnosno {{round|70.993377}}% nadpisov je na latinici, a 438 odnosno {{round|29.006623}}% vsih nadpisov na kirilici. Imějuči na umu različne dolžiny člankov, {{Round|88.523968}}% vsego teksta napisano je na latinici. – [[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vipz|besěda]]) 16:42, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) ::Jestvuje že algoritm, ktory čisli kolikost člankov pravilno? A ako prosto načeti označovati članky kategorijami "Članok napisany kiriliceju" / "Članok napisany latiniceju", tako takože možno stvoriti po priměru togo algoritma algoritm, ktory v kategorijah bude čisliti članky. Ili sčitati ručno, s pomočju kategorij. [[Koristnik:Panslavist|Panslavist]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Panslavist|besěda]]) 16:44, 26 junij 2026 (CEST) == Razděljenje Krčmy == Dragi kolegi, hčemo razdvojiti [[Vikipedija:Krčma]] na několiko tematičnyh odděljenij? Za početok: Pravila i směrnice; Tehnika (ili Tehnične kvestije/pytanja); Jezyk i pravopis (ili Jezyčne kvestije/pytanja); Noviny. Tak možemo razbrěmeniti centralnu stranicu Krčmy i ulegšati slědovanje diskusij kogda-libo egzistuje potrěba diskutovati mnogo prědmetov jednočasno. – [[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vipz|besěda]]) 14:23, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) : Јесм согласны. Але, по мојему мнєнју новины не трєба оддєљати од централној Крчмы. Лєпје јих видєти разом на централној. --[[Koristnik:Мурад 97|Мурад 97]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Мурад 97|besěda]]) 14:41, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) :Či ne lěpje li arhivovati stare diskusije? Krčma jest velmi těžka tutčas, ale imaje byti "{{-|village pump}}", selskoju studnoju, kde obgovarjaje se vsečto [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 16:22, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) :Dalšo pytanje, imajemo v menu "Portal občiny", čto nikuda ne vede. Imaje tam býti link do Krčmy? [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 16:32, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) ::Ja jesm arhivoval stare poslanja v Krčmě. Pozdněje hoču takože dodati starějše sodržanje Krčmy na Medžuviki do arhiva, ale tutčas to ješče ne jest možno. ::Čto se tyče razdvojenja krčmy, ja ne jesm uvěrjen, jest li to smyslno. Imajemo tu može 10–20 aktivnyh učestnikov i obyčne sut samo dva ili tri aktivne prědmety na měsec. Napriklad, v maju bylo samo 14 pravok, a v aprilju 4. Ako tu bude zaisto mnogo aktivnosti, togda možno bude pomysliti o razdvojenju, ale v medžučasu ja byh ostavil Krčmu taku, kaka ona jest. Očevidno budut avtomatične poslanja na anglijskom jezyku od fondacije Wikimedia, ktore po mojemu mněnju možno bude arhivovati do oddělnogo arhiva. ::A Portal občiny... jest li nam on potrěbny? Ja by na tom město sdělal link do Krčmy, ale k tomu bude potrěbny administrator. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 19:05, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) :::👍 [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 19:20, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) :::Jesm mněval, tutčas jesmo oficialna Vikipedija, itak bude mnogo vyše raboty i, slědovateljno, diskusije. Kogda avtomatične, masivne poslanja budut početi, one nas budut zakopati. Brda inojezyčnyh poslanij umějut dokladati tako zvanomu '{{-|[[:en:banner blindness|banner blindness]]u}}'. Tutošnje poslanja togda budut menje primětne, čto može pobudžati deficit lokalnoj aktivnosti. Jedno rěšenje jest arhivacija, nu časom ne budemo htěti arhivovati recentne poslanja. Drugo rěšenje jest čekati, viděti i onogda rěšati. Jesm oprěděljeny za koju-nebud opciju. – [[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vipz|besěda]]) 08:28, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) :::Pozdrav, Jane, čto jestli prosto dati vněšni link na kavárnu Medžuviki prěd linkom na arhiv na početku stranice? [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 09:30, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) ::Ja ne mnju, že Portal občiny ima vesti na Krčmu, na češskoj Vikipediji to napriměr vede na [[:cs:Wikipedie:Portál Wikipedie|tutu stranicu]]. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|prinosy]]) 19:24, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) :::@[[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]]: Da da, ja znaju, ale češska Vikipedija jest veliky projekt. Menše viki često ne imajut taky portal, ili samo někaky kratky tekst ili prěnapravjenje na [[Vikipedija:Čto Vikipedija ne jest]]. Nyně my imajemo prěmalo stranic za taky portal, ale može poprobujemo stvoriti nečto, li? {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 19:55, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) ::::Ja jesm samo daval priměr. Portal občiny ne jest besěda občiny. Ale v budučnosti možemo něčto takovogo izrabotati. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|prinosy]]) 20:49, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) == Vikidane == {{tracked|T429939|fixed}} Pozdrav. Kako toliko na Vikidane dodadut jezyčny kod <code>isv</code>, bude trěba tutu stranicu na Vikidane [[d:Q16503|dodati]]. Možno jest, že to za nas izdělajut administratori Vikidanyh, ibo ja jesm na besědě stranice kako ne prijavjeny koristnik napisal zajavjenje o dodanje (ja jesm byl v rabotě). Jednako bude poslě potrěba priložiti takože vsake članky. Česti se mogu prijeti tako ja, ale sam ja na to ne staču. Tyseč člankov jest mnogo. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|prinosy]]) 20:51, 27 junij 2026 (CEST) :Nám oběčali sut, že to sdělaje robot (možlivo) [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 08:52, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) ::Možlivo v budučnosti, kako bude naš jezyčny kod dodany na Vikidane, ale nyně ne jest možno kako by robot funkcionoval bez dodanogo koda. Itak, robot bude potrěbovati čestičnu pomoč od koristnikov, ibo ne vse bude podojdti izrabotati avtomatično. Ače, umětna inteligencija by možno mogla tako isto funkcionovati. Ale kto bude priučati umětnu inteligenciju? — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 16:20, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) :::Administracija Viki nam to oběčaje [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 16:22, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) ::::Da, to jest možlivo. Hvala. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 16:28, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) ::::Ja jesm chčel se zapytati. Kako jest tuta stranica povezana s drugymi stranicami na inych jezyčnyh verzijah? To ne jest izdělano skroz Vikidane, ibo tako Vikidane ne imajut naš jezyčny kod, daže to ne jest izdělano skroz interviki, ili ja jesm to ne ugledal? — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 16:35, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) :::::Ja už jesm to našel. Tehničny šablon <code><nowiki>{{INTERWIKI}}</nowiki></code> iz {{š|Zaglavje krčmy}}. Kako bude naš jezyčny kod dodany na Vikidane, tuten tehničny šablon ne bude jest zapotrěbny. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 16:46, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) ::::::Tak 👍 [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 16:56, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) :::::::Hvala. Tako jest, ja jesm izrabil šablon {{š|Šablon}} (kratky link {{š|Š}}), kako isto tehničny šablon dlja ostavjanja inyh šablonov. Tuten šablon bude jest potrěba praviti dlja različenja imennyh prostorov i zablokovanja linka veduči na ne egzistujuče stranice. Tutčasna verzija jest velmi prosta. Tako jest, tuten šablon tutčasno ne uměje parametry. Tako isto, to bude potrěba dodati. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 17:21, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) :V vslědnyh dnah bude naš jezyčny kod <code>isv</code> dodany do Vikidanyh, kako jest viděti [[phab:T430419|tu na Fabrikatoru]]. Hvala adminam Fabrikatora. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 09:00, 29 junij 2026 (CEST) :The change has been merged and will be deployed on Wednesday during MediaWiki Train [[User:VadymTS1|'''<span style="color:#a09786;"><ruby>ヴァディム</ruby></span>''']] ([[User talk:VadymTS1|<small>besěda</small>]]) 16:33, 29 junij 2026 (CEST) ::👍 [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 16:45, 29 junij 2026 (CEST) ::Velika hvala. Thank you. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 21:08, 29 junij 2026 (CEST) ::Hi, it is Wednesday, where are we? Many thanks [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 19:55, 1 julij 2026 (CEST) :::Nothing yet, but if there's one thing I have learned from the whole process that led to the creation of this wiki, it's patience. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 00:41, 2 julij 2026 (CEST) ::::👍 [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 00:43, 2 julij 2026 (CEST) :Vikidane sut funkcionalne. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 17:03, 14 julij 2026 (CEST) ::Parada 👍 Budemo probovati [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 17:45, 14 julij 2026 (CEST) :::Ja jesm už dodal do Vikidanych link tu na Krčmu i link na [[Medžuslovjansky jezyk]]. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 17:53, 14 julij 2026 (CEST) ::a čto se stalo s redaktorom izvonogo koda? piše Page MediaWiki:Edittools/styles.css has no content. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 17:51, 14 julij 2026 (CEST) :::Ja ne věm. Pravdopodobno ono se ne prěneslo iz Inkubatora. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 17:55, 14 julij 2026 (CEST) :::Trěba udaliti tuty redok <nowiki><templatestyles src="MediaWiki:Edittools/styles.css" /></nowiki> iz stranice [[MediaWiki:Edittools]], togda vsjo by imalo zarabotati. [[User:VadymTS1|'''<span style="color:#a09786;"><ruby>ヴァディム</ruby></span>''']] ([[User talk:VadymTS1|<small>besěda</small>]]) 18:00, 14 julij 2026 (CEST) ::::V Inkubatoru ne bylo Edittools. Ja htěl jesm prěnesti Edittools s Medžuviki, ale mně najprvo trěba byti "administrator interfejsa", da byh mogl dodati ili izpraviti CSS. Imaju naděju, že zautra ili poslězautra budu mogti to sdělati. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 22:33, 14 julij 2026 (CEST) :::::Jan uže jest adminom interfejsa, čestitajemo I čekajemo na akcije [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 21:50, 21 julij 2026 (CEST) ::::::Uže sdělano, Edittools rabotaje! {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 23:24, 21 julij 2026 (CEST) :::::::👍 [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 07:25, 22 julij 2026 (CEST) ::A začto v spisku jezykov jest napisane kako samo "Medžuslovjansky"? Trěba že by bylo napisano s kiriliceju kako "Medžuslovjansky / Меджусловjанскы". [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-39765-34|&#126;2026-39765-34]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-39765-34|besěda]]) 20:51, 14 julij 2026 (CEST) ::Ura! Ide avtomatično priključenje vseh člankov 👍 [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 19:08, 22 julij 2026 (CEST) :@[[Koristnik:IJzeren Jan|IJzeren Jan]], @[[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]], @[[Koristnik:Marcoorio|Marcoorio]], @[[Koristnik:LiMr|LiMr]], htěl jesm izdělati instrukcuju za avtorov o koristanju vikidanyh i Sitelink, ale vidim někake problemy i zato imaju několiko pytanij za administrcijnu skupinu. :1. Ručno priključenje k Vikidanym rabotaje toliko za něktore "male" članky s malym čislom jezykov, napriklad "Otava Jo", kde jesm to priključil bez problemov, ale za vse "velike" vikidane, kako, napriklad, "Solnce" ili "Napoleon Bonapart" stranica vikidanyh jest blokovana na izměny i zato ne jest možno dodati isv-vikipediju v Sitelinks. Jest-li tuto dozvoljeno našim administratoram? Ne jest li cěly spis 1000 "obvěznyh" člankov tako hranjeny? Kako bude postupovanje za avtorov novyh člankov iz tutogo spisa? :2. [[Koristnik:Jon Harald Søby|Jon Harald Søby]] jest pisal: <blockquote>Wikidata support is not yet enabled, but that too will come within a couple of days; when it does, I will run [[User:JhsBot|my bot]] to migrate interwiki links from using the [[:Template:INTERWIKI|INTERWIKI]] template to instead using Wikidata natively.</blockquote> To ješče ne bylo sdělano, že tak? Jest li trěba panu Adminu pripomniti? :Hvalim voprěd. [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 09:07, 17 julij 2026 (CEST) ::K nomeru 1: Něktore prědmety vo Vikidanyh sut tako zvano polzamknute, čto znači, že prověrjeni koristniki mogut praviti tuty prědmety. Kak ne jeste prověrjeny koristnik, vy ne možete praviti polzamknute prědmety. ::K nomeru 2: Ja ne imaju kakekoli informacije o aktivitetah tutogo koristnika, nu kak to ne jest ješče aktivno, ono to bude pravdopodobno aktivno uže rano. Kak vy hočete, možete mu napisati na jego koristničsku besědu, pravdopodobno na anglijskom, kak tuten koristnik pravdopodobno ne bude uměti medžuslovjansky jezyk, začto on piše na anglijskom. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 09:57, 17 julij 2026 (CEST) :::Tuty koristnik jest Meta-admin vsego inkubatora vseh viki, docěla mogutna figura 😎 [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 10:44, 17 julij 2026 (CEST) ::::Nu, on pravdopodobno imaje mnogo obvezkov, ktoryh on musi rabiti. Dajmo mu dostatok časa. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 10:53, 17 julij 2026 (CEST) :::@[[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] imaje pravdu. Vikidane uže sut vključene za medžuslovjansky, ale někoje prědmety o popularnyh ili kontroversijnyh temah mogut byti zaščičene. Ja prěd hviljeju jesm sdělal link na [[Solnce]] i to šlo bez problemov. A čto se tyče gosp. Søby, on napisal, že vključi někaky avtomatičny skript za avtomatično prěneseneje danyh iz šablona INTERWIKI na Vikidane, ale on togo ješče ne sdělal. Ale ja imaju izkušenje, že on dolgo ne odgovarjaje na pytanja i kontakt s njim je trudny. Uviděl jesm, že od konca junija jegova aktivnost byla rědka. Takto teoretično my možemo vse dělati ručno (togda trěba najprvo prějdti na stranicu na někojem drugom jezyku, i odtuda prějdti do Vikidanyh), ale ja myslju, že to jest bezsmyslno raztračenje časa, ibo raněje ili pozdněje to imaje byti sdělano tym skriptom. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 10:54, 17 julij 2026 (CEST) ::::Hvala Jane, Solnce je priključeno. Myslim, instrukcija avtoram bude: ::::# Na avtomatično priključenje staryh člankov budemo čekati, ono někogda bude, ne trěba priključati jih ručno ::::# Prodolžajemo koristati šablon INTERWIKI ::::# Nove članky jest možno prisjedinjati ručno. Ako li prědmet jest hranjeny, trěba prositi to sdělati naših adminov ::::[[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 11:04, 17 julij 2026 (CEST) :::::Točno tako! {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 11:23, 17 julij 2026 (CEST) ::::Ja to mogu sdělati. Uže jesm sdělal několiko ([[Special:Contributions/Vipz]]), nu idealno by bylo usposobiti ili vlastnogo bota ([[:sh:Korisnik:Vipz-bot]]) na tutom projektu, ili dostati pseudo-bot horugvu. – [[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vipz|besěda]]) 17:27, 17 julij 2026 (CEST) :::::Na koristanje botov v vikidanyh trěba iměti dozvoljenje adminov, inače možeš dostati važny ban [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 18:42, 17 julij 2026 (CEST) ::::::Mně to jest poznano, tomu ne jesm sdělal prěmnogo izměn. – [[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vipz|besěda]]) 04:53, 18 julij 2026 (CEST) ::::::Skoro budu poprositi bot dozvoljenja. – [[Koristnik:Vipz|Vipz]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vipz|besěda]]) 05:00, 18 julij 2026 (CEST) :::::::👍 tuto rabotaje [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 19:09, 22 julij 2026 (CEST) ::To JHS spustil svojego bota, kako oběčal, hvala jemu [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 21:31, 22 julij 2026 (CEST) == Translations == Hi! Zdravo! Lately I have been translating special pages and namespaces. I noticed that an Interslavic Wikipedia was created (since I am from Ukraine myself) and I was very happy. So, I want to offer localization for this Wiki, all I need is a list of the necessary special pages and namespaces with their translation. If translation is still needed, then tag me under the list. [[User:VadymTS1|'''<span style="color:#a09786;"><ruby>ヴァディム</ruby></span>''']] ([[User talk:VadymTS1|<small>besěda</small>]]) 17:31, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) :Hi, sorry this is already done I believe. Thank you anyway 👍 [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 17:36, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) ::This about links. For example: Special:AllPages — Specialna:Vse stranice. And also translating for other non translated special pages (BlockedExternalDomains for example) [[User:VadymTS1|'''<span style="color:#a09786;"><ruby>ヴァディム</ruby></span>''']] ([[User talk:VadymTS1|<small>besěda</small>]]) 17:42, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) :::Na tom uže někdo tuž rabotaje, ale možlivo Jan tebe odepíše [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 17:43, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) :Maybe the "Special" namespace still needs translation, and the individual links to the special pages. The view name of the pages are already translated, or should be at least. But links and the namespace itself are still in English. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 18:38, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) == Kako jest slovo "pěskovišče" kategorizovano? == Ja jesm pytam, či jest slovo "pěskovišče" roda mužskoho ili srědnogo? Ja jesm ne našel tuto slovo v [https://interslavic-dictionary.com/ medžuslovjanskom slovniku], ktory ja upotrěbjaju na odgovory i ine pravky. V češskom jezyku tuto slovo jest roda srědnogo, tak samo ja mnju, že tako samo tuto slovo jest roda srědnogo tako v medžuslovjanskom. Ale ja znaju, že to ne jest vsegda pravda. Napriměr, slovo "šablon" jest roda mužskogo v medžuslovjanskom jezyku, ale to samo jest roda ženskogo v češskom jezyku. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 18:51, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) :Vse imenniky na '''-o''' (poslě tvroj suglasky) i '''-e''' (poslě mekkoj suglasky) sut srědnjego roda. Slova na '''-išče''' v občem označajut město. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 20:12, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) ::Tako jest slovo "město" roda srědnjego, da? Togda pěskovišče musi byti roda srědnjego kako město, da? Hvala. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 20:38, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) :ono jest [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 20:56, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) ::Ja jesm zabyl, odprašaju se. Tako hvala. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 21:14, 28 junij 2026 (CEST) == Patrulovanje == Zdravo! Jest taka ideja stvoriti tut grupy patrulnogo i avtopatrulnogo dlja prověrky statij i vkladu. Ja ne byl učastnikom tejto obščnosti raněje, ale vse že predlagaju to. <s>Takože predlagaju obgovoriti možnost patrulovanja črez FlaggedRevs, ono je mnogo sovremenějše i bole udobno. V slučaju jesli obščnost vybere standardno patrulovanje, to my prosto stvorimo dvě grupy koristnikov. A jesli FlaggedRevs, to staro patrulovanje my vyključimo. Takože, jesli my vyberemo FlaggedRevs, to predlagaju obgovoriti urovni patrulovanja, no lično ja predlagaju 1 urovenj. To jest: patrulovano ili ne. </s>[[User:VadymTS1|'''<span style="color:#a09786;"><ruby>ヴァディム</ruby></span>''']] ([[User talk:VadymTS1|<small>besěda</small>]]) 12:48, 3 julij 2026 (CEST) :Komban-wa gozaimasu, Wadimu-san, htěl byh poblagodariti za izmeščenje požedanja na sub-adminske prava za koristateljev Vipz i Marcoorio, hvala lěpa 👍 [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 19:09, 3 julij 2026 (CEST) ::Ne treba děkovati, to ne je velika rabota. Ja sejčas vracam se do aktivnosti v ukrajinskoj Vikipediji, takže myslju že teper budu i tu rabotati malo. Najprvo zajmu se šablonami i potrěbnymi statjami, no i možlivo projekty někotoryh pravil sozdam. [[User:VadymTS1|'''<span style="color:#a09786;"><ruby>ヴァディム</ruby></span>''']] ([[User talk:VadymTS1|<small>besěda</small>]]) 19:35, 3 julij 2026 (CEST) :::Šablony, glavno nove Kartky, ja poddrživaju, myslim, dostatočno dobro. Mnoho uspěhov na UA-viki [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 20:41, 3 julij 2026 (CEST) ::::Hvala! Tak co si myslite o patrolovanju? [[User:VadymTS1|'''<span style="color:#a09786;"><ruby>ヴァディム</ruby></span>''']] ([[User talk:VadymTS1|<small>besěda</small>]]) 20:45, 3 julij 2026 (CEST) :::::Zdravo, Vadyme! Ako ja mogu zapytati, kako to rabotaje točno? Znači li to, že izměny v članku budut vidime toliko togda, kogda jedin iz patrolerov je odobril? Ili prosto, že vsaka pravka avtomatično bude iměti značku kako "možny vandalizm", "izpraždnjenje stranice" i t.d.? A kromě togo, jest li vvedenje FlaggedRevs možno? Ja čitaju [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Flagged_Revisions#Notice_of_moratorium tu], že jest moratorium v tom smyslu, že od 2014 g. ta možnost jest izključena za nove viki. Srdečno, {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 22:35, 3 julij 2026 (CEST) ::::::Ne, vsi statji budut vidimi navet jesli oni ne patrulovani, liš v njih bude povědomjenje o tom, že oni ne patrulovani. Ale jesli administrator ustanovi stabilizaciju, togda bude pokazovati se poslednja patrulovana versija. Otnosno ustanovjenja razširenja, ja nažal ne zamětil moratorij, my konečno možemo probovati, ibo vse že upomjanuto tam zadanje na Fabrikatori bylo rěšeno. Nu raz sut takie problemy, togda ostavljaju liš predloženje s grupoju patruljnyh i avtopatruljnyh. A otnosno FlaggedRevs ja probuju snjati to ograničenje i togda snova sdělaju predloženje. [[User:VadymTS1|'''<span style="color:#a09786;"><ruby>ヴァディム</ruby></span>''']] ([[User talk:VadymTS1|<small>besěda</small>]]) 08:04, 4 julij 2026 (CEST) :::::::já jesm protiv, dopoka iměli jesmo málo vandalizma, i ne hčemo odvračati novyh avtorov, kojih s registracijeju isv víki jest přišlo mnogo. Hvalim za propoziciju [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 08:30, 4 julij 2026 (CEST) :::::::Ty jesi dodal tehničny šablon [[Šablon:Prěvedena_stranica]] , musel jesm korigovati v njem jezyk. Možeš objasniti, na čto on jest? Jestli ne bude jasno, poprosím Jana oddaliti [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 08:54, 4 julij 2026 (CEST) ::::::::On jest potrěbny dlja označanja prěvedenyh statij, ktore byly prěvedene ne črěz instrument prěvoda, ale ručno. To jest potrěbno dlja sahranjenja licencije, soglasno ktorej rabotajut vsi sajty Vikimedija. [[User:VadymTS1|'''<span style="color:#a09786;"><ruby>ヴァディム</ruby></span>''']] ([[User talk:VadymTS1|<small>besěda</small>]]) 08:57, 4 julij 2026 (CEST) :::::::::my imajemo šablon <nowiki>{{Prěvod | jezyk | Nazva članka} </nowiki>, ktory avtor dodavaje na dno članka, ako jego prěkladaje ili koristaje čest prěklada od inogo jezyka [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 09:14, 4 julij 2026 (CEST) ::::::::::Izvinjajte, ja ne zamětil tutoj šablon, svoj jesm nominoval na udaljenje. [[User:VadymTS1|'''<span style="color:#a09786;"><ruby>ヴァディム</ruby></span>''']] ([[User talk:VadymTS1|<small>besěda</small>]]) 09:21, 4 julij 2026 (CEST) :::::::To jest interesno. Na poljskoj Vikipediji jesm primětil, že taka nepatrolovana versija jest vidima prijavjenym koristnikam, ale anonimni (neprijavjeni) koristniki cěly čas videt poslědnju patrolovanu versiju članka. Ale ja myslju, že suglašu s Iljeju, že v malom projektu kako medžuslovjansky tako rěšenje ne jest absolutno potrěbno. V velikom projektu, vsakodenno s tysečami pravok, ono imaje smysl, ale ne očekyvaju mnogo vandalizma ili spama v tutom projektu. Večšim problemom budut pravky od koristnikov, ktori slabo znajut medžuslovjansky. Poněkogda napravjenje takogo članka zajmaje veče časa neželi pisanje do ponovno. Ale to ne jest kvestija patrolovanja... {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 10:09, 4 julij 2026 (CEST) == Prěključ "Lat./Кир." == Komunikovali jesmo nedavno s Jaroslavom, ktory poddrživaje medžuslovjansky slovnik, i on iměl opinije, že náš interfejs ne jest veliko družny k kiriličnym slovjanam, ktore mogut bystro ne najdti, že jest možlivost prěključati pismo na kirilicu, čto, možlivo, odstrašaje ljudij, ktore ničto ili malo znajut o medžuslovjanskom jezyku i mogli by byti zainteresovani vyše. My imajemo gadžet transliteracije, podpisany latiniceju kako "medžuslovjansky", Jaroslav proponuje vratiti nadpis "Lat./Кир." (kako to bylo na Medžuviki i rannjem Inkubatoru) ili "Latinica/Кирилица" kako nazvanje gadžeta, imělo li by to smysl? [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 09:13, 13 julij 2026 (CEST) :Ja točno ne razuměju. Tu jest tako samo kako na Medžuviki, ne li? Jest nadpis "Lat./Кир." v tomže samom městu. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 23:41, 13 julij 2026 (CEST) ::ja imaju nadpis v menju "medžuslovjansky", i kogda jej odvarjam, tam uže sut varianty Lat./Кир, Latinica i Кирилица [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 01:55, 14 julij 2026 (CEST) ::Jest raznica medžu temami. V Vector legacy (2010) nazva aktualno vključenogo varianta pokazyvaje se od razu v samom menju; v defaultovom Vector (2022) jest "medžuslovjansky". No na Vikipedijah koristajučih iz LanguageConvertera (napr. [[:sr:]]) vključeny variant tož pokazyvaje se v menju nezaležno od temy. Ne znaju či kogda-nebud rabotalo v inkubatore, ale linija [[Special:PermaLink/25957#L-210|210]] ne imaje efekta. Ne jestvuje element <code>p-variants-label</code> v Vector (2022). <span style="text-transform:lowercase;font-synthesis:none;display:inline-block">--[[User:MwGamera|Mw<span style="font-variant:petite-caps">G</span>amera]]</span> ([[User talk:MwGamera|besěda]]) 02:59, 14 julij 2026 (CEST) :Imaju ideju, že by kogda na Vikipediju prihodili ljudije iz kiriličnyh držav (Rosija, Ukrajina, Bělorusija, Bulgarija itd) to pismo avtomatično prěključalo se na kirilicu, a iz latiničnyh (Poljska, Čehija, Slovakija, Hrvatija itd) na latinicu. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-39602-39|&#126;2026-39602-39]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:&#126;2026-39602-39|besěda]]) 09:26, 13 julij 2026 (CEST) ::Ja često govoreči ne znaju, je li to možno. Opcija "Lat./Кир." je nevtralna, znači mogut byti članky na latinici i članky na kirilici. Avtomatično prěključenje značilo by, že trěba takože avtomatično vključiti latinicu za druge državy. Myslju, že lěpje bude dopisati něčto na glavnoj stranici. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 23:46, 13 julij 2026 (CEST) :::avtomatično uže imajemo latinicu, ale to ne jest zlo, glavno iměti něčto kirilično v interfejsu, da by "prilěpiti" kirilično oko [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 01:58, 14 julij 2026 (CEST) == Pěskovišče dlja modulov == Pozrav. Ja imaju tako pytanje, či jestvuje někako pěskovišče dlja modulov. Moja ideja byla taka, že ja byh iměl probnu viki goščenu na Miraheze, i ja jesm zapytal na [[miraheze:Talk:Content Policy#Can I create a test wiki for testing modules that I create for Wikipedia?|Meta viki Miraheze]], či bylo by možlivo privoliti iztvorjenje probnoj viki dlja razvivanja i testovanja modulov dlja češskyh Vikidrag (na anglijskom Wikivoyage) i medžuslovjanskoj Vikipedije. Nu, oni mi prěporučili, či ja byh mogol upotrěbiti někakogo pěskovišča dlja modulov na danyh viki. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 08:59, 16 julij 2026 (CEST) :Čestno govoreči ja mnogo malo znaju o modulah. Ale v principu možeš tu sdělati pěskovišče za moduly, ja ne vidžu v tom problem. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 09:38, 16 julij 2026 (CEST) ::Nu dobro, ja budut razmysliti, kako byh to izrabotal, uvidimo. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 09:42, 16 julij 2026 (CEST) :Pozdrav, @[[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]], kako mene poučil viki-programist, ktory pomagal s translit-skriptom, do svojego ličnogo prostora možno sdělati vsečto, ne jedino LUA-module, ale i Javascript-gadget, to bude rabotati jedino za tebe. Myslim, to dělae se tako: https://isv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koristnik:Ilja_isv/Modul:Moj_modul ili https://isv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koristnik:Ilja_isv/My_Gadget.js [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 10:01, 17 julij 2026 (CEST) ::Link pri testah ale musi byti polny, kako ''{{#invoke:Koristnik:Ilja_isv/Modul:Moj_modul|parametr1|...'' [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 10:11, 17 julij 2026 (CEST) :::Nu, ja to možu obtestovati. Ja jesm už započel [[Koristnik:Polda18/Pěskovišče/Moduly|něčto stvarjati]], nu ja možu tutu sistemu nadrabiti. Hvala. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 10:30, 17 julij 2026 (CEST) :::Nu, ja jesm to obtestoval, i ja vidimo, že ono to možlivo ne funkcionuje. Tuto jest hyba, ktoru mi zvanje modula piše: :::<code>Script error: No such module "[[Koristnik:Polda18/Modul:Pěskovišče 1]]".</code> :::Kak se možete pozrěti, stranica ne izobražaje izvorny kod modula kako izvorny kod v programističnogom jezyku Lua, ili kako prostu stranicu. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 14:21, 17 julij 2026 (CEST) ::::Izvini, moja grěška, musi byti: ::::https://isv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modul:Koristnik:Polda18/Pěskovišče_1, i takože pri koristanju ::::{{#invoke:Koristnik:Polda18/Pěskovišče_1|параметр1|... (nadějem se, slovo Modul tut ne jest trěbno) [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 14:28, 17 julij 2026 (CEST) :::::Nu, to dava smysl. Hvala. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 14:38, 17 julij 2026 (CEST) ::::Stranica [[Koristnik:Polda18/Modul:Pěskovišče 1]] može byti odstranjena. Jediny link, ktory vede na tutu stranicu, jest Krčma. Na ščestje ja ne imaju věče takovyh stranic. Hvala. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 18:46, 17 julij 2026 (CEST) Ja myslju, že to jest kvestija modela sodržanja. V koristiničskom prostoru ono izgledaje inako neželi v prostoru za moduly. Poprobuj něčto v rodu tutogo: [[:Modul:Pěskovišče]]. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 14:46, 17 julij 2026 (CEST) :Ja jesm početkujuči v programističnogom jezyku Lua, ale ja jesm už srazuměl zakladam tutogo jezyka i kako jest tuten jezyk upotrěbjeny v MediaViki softveru. Dalo to trud, ale ono se izplatilo. Ja jesm něčto iztvoril, [[Koristnik:Polda18/Pěskovišče/Moduly/Pěskovišče 1|možlivo se pozrěti]]. Tuten modul by iměl byti vami tako rěčeny [[Modul:Pěskovišče]]. Ja hoču ješče iztvoriti dokumentaciju tutogo modula, ale ja ješče ne imaju iztočne stranice zapisok i dokumentacij dlja každogo pěskovišča. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 17:54, 17 julij 2026 (CEST) :Budemo musěti iztvoriti tako stranicu [[Vikipedija:Lua]], kako dokumentaciju dlja iztvorěnje i pravok modulov. Ja možu tutu stranicu prědložiti. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 15:48, 18 julij 2026 (CEST) :Ja imaju menše pytanje. Kako byste prěvodili češsko slovo ''[[wikt:cs:bábovka|{{-|bábovka}}]]'' ili ''{{-|bábovička}}''? To jest něčto, čo někto iztvarja na pěskovišču. Ja jesm upotrěbil slovo ''babkovička'', ibo ja mnju si, že to by bylo prigodno slovo. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 21:00, 18 julij 2026 (CEST) ::V Rosiji děti iz pěska dělajut kuliče ([[:ru:Кулич|куличи]]) [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 21:19, 18 julij 2026 (CEST) :::Nu, ja možu tuto slovo upotrěbiti zaměsto ''babkovička''. 😁 Hvala. Čto tako iztvoriti někaku izhodnu stranicu zaměsto prazdnoj stranice tu: [[Vikipedija:Pěskovišče]]. Něčto, čto bude iměti někaky izhodny tekst opisyvajuči priměr vikikoda kako take ''kuliče''. Možno něčto takovogo, kako jest viděti tu: [https://cs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedie:P%C3%ADskovi%C5%A1t%C4%9B&oldid=26011420]. Čislo revizije (''{{-|oldid}}'') by mogol izpotrěbiti robot, ktory by raz za čas izčrknul pěskovišče nazad do tutoj izhodnoj stranice, kak by izměny v pěskovišču na dolžejšiju dobu ustali. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 22:20, 18 julij 2026 (CEST) :::Ja jesm izměnil slovo ''babkovička'' za ''kuliče''. Nu, knopka iz dokumentacije ne funkcionuje, i nebude funkcionovati, pokoliko ne bude pěskovišče modula zapravdu iztvorjeno. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 22:43, 18 julij 2026 (CEST) == Divno provodženje šablona == Pozdrav. Ja jesm hočel izrabotati šablon dlja tabličky, nu ja ne věm, či ja jesm glupy ili MediaViki jest. Moj šablon se provodi kako jest viděno tu: [https://isv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Koristnik:Polda18/P%C4%9Bskovi%C5%A1%C4%8De/%C5%A0ablony/P%C4%9Bskovi%C5%A1%C4%8De_1&oldid=28989] Ja jesm upotrěbil někaku akcentuaciju viki koda, kako samo ja byh mogl izjaviti někaku hybu. Nu, ja jesm nikaku ne viděl. Može někto, prosimo, izjasniti, čto se to děje? Kako by iměl tuten šablon izgledati, jest viděno [[Koristnik:Polda18/Pěskovišče/Moduly/Zaglavje|tu]]. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 13:28, 17 julij 2026 (CEST) :Ja ješče dodam: šablon se provodi inako v podgledu i inako kako zapisana stranica. Ono to ne jest jedino tu na medžuslovjanskoj Vikipediji, ja jesm testoval jednako provodženje tako na češskoj Vikipediji (ače bez zapisanja). Ono to izpadaje na hybu vo MediaViki softveru ili hybu vo viki kodu šablona. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 13:53, 17 julij 2026 (CEST) :Ja už věm, čto toto jest. Toto jest zaisto hyba MediaViki softveru. Nu, ja jesm popravil tutu hybu, i tak, toto jest prosto začasno rěšenje. Tuten šablon by imal upotrěbiti {{-|TemplateStyles}}, ale to ne funkcijuje v imennom prostoru koristnikov. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 15:35, 18 julij 2026 (CEST) :Ja jesm iztvoril bug report na [[phab:T432536|fabrikatoru]]. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 01:43, 19 julij 2026 (CEST) == Kako ja možu priměti šablon izobraziti imenny prostor šablona dlja cěljnogo jezyka? == Pozdrav. Ja jesm iztvoril šablon {{š|Prěvod šablona}} dlja prěvodov šablonov iz inojezyčnyh Vikipedij. Nu, ja imaju menše pytanje. Kako ja možu priměti šablon izobraziti imenny prostor šablona dlja cěljnogo jezyka? Napriměr imenny prostor šablona dlja anglijskoj Vikipedije jest ''{{-|Template}}'', dlja češskoj Vikipedije to jest ''{{-|Šablona}}'' itd. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 13:25, 22 julij 2026 (CEST) :Pokoliko ja znaju, anglijska nazva ''{{-|Template:}}'' rabotaje na vsih viki. Očevidno takože je možno prosto dodati městu nazvu imennogo prostora, ale togda toj novy šablon je bezsmyslny, ibo togda možno je takože koristati [[:Šablon:Prěvod]]. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 13:37, 22 julij 2026 (CEST) ::Da, anglijska nazva napravdu rabotaje. Ale ono to izgledaje někako divno, poka to ne jest anglijsky šablon. Nu, ja možu odstraniti ''{{-|Template:}}'' iz izobraženogo nazva. Čto se tyče šablona {{š|Prěvod šablona}}, ja možu do šablona {{š|Prěvod}} dodati novy argument ili avtomatično razpoznanje imennogo prostora, ili oboje (argument kako prěpisanje avtomatičnogo razpoznanja). Šablon {{š|Prěvod šablona}} by mogol byti prěsměrjenje do šablona {{š|Prěvod}}, ili vy možete go odstraniti, kako bude {{š|Prěvod šablona}} vesde zaměnjeny za {{š|Prěvod}}. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 14:47, 22 julij 2026 (CEST) ::Možna v Šablonu:Prěvod avtomatično izměniti slovo ''članok'' na ''šablon'' kogda vključeny v prostor šablonov: <nowiki>{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{ns:Template}}|šablon|članok}}</nowiki> <span style="text-transform:lowercase;font-synthesis:none;display:inline-block">--[[User:MwGamera|Mw<span style="font-variant:petite-caps">G</span>amera]]</span> ([[User talk:MwGamera|besěda]]) 14:50, 22 julij 2026 (CEST) :::Tak, to ja iměl na myslji. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 15:14, 22 julij 2026 (CEST) :::Možno ješče ''modul''. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 15:15, 22 julij 2026 (CEST) ::Ja jesm izměnil šablon {{š|Prěvod}}, nyně ona podpira imenne prostory ''Šablon'' i ''Modul'' pored glavnogo imennogo prostora. Šablon {{š|Prěvod šablona}} može byti odstranjeny vključno jego dokumentacije. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 17:42, 22 julij 2026 (CEST) == Šablon dokumentacije modulov == Ja jesm napisal na [[mw:Project:Support desk#How can you make module pages to use a template for documentation transclusion?|podpor softveru MedijaViki]], kako my možemo upotrěbiti šablon {{š|Dokumentacija}} dlja modulov. Ja už imaju funkcionalnu verziju, ktora poddrživa kakykoli imenny prostor, na [[Koristnik:Polda18/Pěskovišče/Šablony/Pěskovišče 2|mojom pěskovišču]]. Verzija jest gotova dlja vstavky do prvobytnogo města. Nu, my musimo někako izdělati upotrěbjenje šablona v vklučenju dokumentacije modula, kako to jest v Vikipediji na [[:en:Module:Wikidata|anglijskom]] i [[:cs:Modul:Wikidata|češskom]]. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 22:11, 22 julij 2026 (CEST) :Ja imaju menšu prosbu dlja adminov interfejsa. Ja jesm zapytal umětnu inteligenciju dlja šablona dokumentacije modulov, nu tu jest čto je trěba izrabotati: :* Stranica {{-|[[MediaWiki:Scribunto-doc-page-name]]}} može ostati kako jest, ili my možemo <code>{{-|/doc}}</code> izměniti za <code>{{-|/Dokumentacija}}</code>. Nu, večinstvo modulov ne imaje žadnu dokumentaciju, takože prěimenovanje dokumentačnyh podstranic by ne imělo byti trudno. Nu, ja tuto neham na vas. :* Stranica {{-|[[MediaWiki:Scribunto-doc-page-show]]}} musi byti izměněna, kako jest vvedeno na jej besědě: <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">{{Dokumentacija|$1}}</syntaxhighlight> :* Stranica {{-|[[MediaWiki:Scribunto-doc-page-does-not-exist]]}} se izobražaje, kako dokumentačna podstranica ne jestvuje. Ja byh izdělal prědběžno prosty prěvod, kako jest vvedeno na jej besědě. Kak bude izrabotany tzv. ''{{-|preload}}'' (izhodny tekst ili konstrukcija) dokumentačnoj podstranice, link može byti izměněny tako, aby tuten ''{{-|preload}}'' upotrěbil. :* I nakonec, stranica {{-|[[MediaWiki:Scribunto-doc-page-header]]}} jest vklučana do glavice dokumentačnoj podstranice modulov. Ja možu izrabotati tabličku, ktora bude izobražati informaciju o dokumentačnoj podstranici. Ja jesm izrabotal šablon {{š|Tablička}} dlja formata, ktory se tu uže upotrěbjaje. Ja možu do jego dokumentacije dodati link na {{-|Commons}} kategoriju, ktora vvodi ikony, ktore jest možno upotrěbiti. :— [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 14:50, 23 julij 2026 (CEST) ::Stranicu {{-|[[MediaWiki:Scribunto-doc-page-header]]}} bude nutno izprazdniti kak bude izrabotany ''{{-|preload}}'' dokumentacije. Ja jesm už izrabotal šablon {{š|Dokumentačna podstranica}}. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 17:15, 23 julij 2026 (CEST) :::{{-|[[Šablon:Dokumentacija/preload]]}} jest izrabotany. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 17:51, 23 julij 2026 (CEST) :Prěvod iz {{-|TranslateWiki}} jest dodany, kako jest vidimo. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 02:38, 5 avgust 2026 (CEST) == Daljše projekty Vikimedije == Medžuslovjanska Vikipedija jest iztvorjena. Nu, tu jest pytanje. Vikipedija ne jest jediny projekt od Vikimedije. Tu sut tako Vikicitaty, Vikislovnik, Vikidragy, Vikiversitet, Vikiknigy itd. Imajemo někaku ideju čto iztvoriti dalje? Možno Vikislovnik? My možemo opet upotrěbiti Inkubator. Vikislovnik by imal byti cělkom bezusilny. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 19:49, 23 julij 2026 (CEST) :Nu, to, že Medžuslovjanska Vikipedija je iztvorjena ješče ne znači, že ona je gotova. Po mojemu mněnju rabota toliko načinaje se. Tutčas imajemo 1465 člankov. Ako mně pytaješ, imaju li ideju čto iztvoriti dalje, togda ja byh odgovoril, že trěba iztvoriti mnogo novyh člankov dlja enciklopedije! Nakonec imajemo vse, čto je nam potrěbno, takto možemo uže načeti rabotati seriozno, ne li? :A čto se tyče sestrinskyh projektov, jesm uže napisal něčto o tom v marcu ili aprilju ([[Vikipedija:Krčma#Wiktionary|tu]]). Kratko govoreči, ja ne vidžu smysl. Očevidno možno je započeti někaky novy projekt v inkubatoru, ale ako ne bude v njim dostatočno aktivnosti v tečenju dostatočno dolgogo perioda, on pravdopodobno ostane v inkubatoru navsegda. Sam jesi uviděl, že daže stvorjenje medžuslovjanskoj Vikipedije zajelo nam skoro dva lěta postojannoj aktivnosti, ačekoli vsegda byli 5–15 aktivni učestniki na měsec. :Tym ne menje, uže je projekt za medžuslovjansky Vikislovnik v inkubatoru: [[:incubator:Wt/isv]], ktory byl započety koristnikom @[[Koristnik:GlěbDyndar|GlěbDyndar]]. Problem byl v tom, že on izbral trohu nesručny podhod, importujuči vse slova iz slovnika avtomatično na html-stranice, čto dovedlo do krajno nepraktičnyh stranic, a takože do mnogyh pogrěšek. Ale možno by bylo poprobovati ponovno. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 20:31, 23 julij 2026 (CEST) ::Da, ja razuměm. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 21:06, 23 julij 2026 (CEST) ::tutčasno Jaroslav i Michal o tom dumajut, my govorimo v Telegramu [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 00:25, 24 julij 2026 (CEST) ::Tam ješče jest kvestija avtorskyh prav na MS slovník, Wikimedia hče jih podtvrdženje [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 00:41, 24 julij 2026 (CEST) == Prěvod razširjenja Skribunto == Pozdrav. Na [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=ext-scribunto&language=isv-latn&filter=&action=translate {{-|TranslateWiki}}] ja jesm počel prěvoditi razširjenje Skribunto, ktoro upotrěbi skriptovny jezyk Lua i dodava imenny prostor Modul. Nu, ja jesm strětl menše dilema. Kaku figuru slova dlja kakogo prěvoda upotrěbiti? Ono ide o češsko slovo ''{{-|chyba}}'', ktoro jest možno prěvoditi dvoma sposobami: ''grěška'' ili ''hyba''. Ja jesm zapytal umětnu inteligenciju, i ona mi napisala, že ''grěška'' jest figura dlja občego upotrěbjenja (veče kako blud), i ''hyba'' jest figura dlja tehničnogo izraza (veče kako neuspěh, kako ''kritična hyba sistemy''). Takože ''grěška'' jest ''ja jesm izrobil grěšku'' tako jest někaky blud, i ''hyba'' jest, ''ona se izjavila kritična hyba sistemy'', samo kako tuta sistema izrobila hybu, nikto za tutu hybu ne može, to jest hyba softvera. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 15:02, 26 julij 2026 (CEST) :Ja jesm dokonal prěvod Skribunta, možno prěgleděti dlja grěšek. Čtokoli znači ''{{-|Script error}}'', ja jesm prěvodil kako ''grěška skripta'', i čtokoli znači ''{{-|Lua error}}'', ja jesm prěvodil kako ''hyba Lua''. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 15:57, 26 julij 2026 (CEST) ::Možno ''grěška v skriptu'' ili ''grěška skripta''? Čto jest lěpše? — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 01:06, 27 julij 2026 (CEST) == Sklanjanje == Na modroj knopkě piše „Zapisati pravky”. Začto „pravky”, jestli jest jedna? Povinno jest byti „Zapisati pravku”. Takože v historiji pravok člankov piše „26 julij 2026”. Koristiti latinske nazvy měsecev ne jest problem, ale muset byti v roditeljniku (26 julija 2026). Kto-nebud može to izpraviti? --[[Koristnik:Vogand|Vogand]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vogand|besěda]]) 17:06, 26 julij 2026 (CEST) :Nu, to je dělo prěvodženja. Ako na anglijskom pišut "save edits", na medžuslovjanskom povinno je byti "zapisati pravky". V mnogyh slučajah jest množnost pluralizacije, ale ne vsegda. A čto se tyče roditeljnika, uže jesm o tom napisal na stanici: [[Besěda s koristnikom:Jon Harald Søby]]. {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 18:23, 26 julij 2026 (CEST) ::Da, viděl som anglijsku Vikipediju. Ale tam jest „publish changes”. Besědu som pročital. ::Čto budemo dělati v tom vrěmenu? --[[Koristnik:Vogand|Vogand]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Vogand|besěda]]) 19:40, 26 julij 2026 (CEST) :Pravky sut pravky v tekstu. Ače ja pravim članok jednokratno, kak ja izdělam veče kako jedin pravok razom (veče poprav ili aktualizacij), tuten tekst dava smysl. — [[Koristnik:Polda18|Polda18]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Polda18|besěda]] • [[Special:Contributions/Polda18|pravky]]) 21:03, 26 julij 2026 (CEST) == Kvalita novyh člankov == Htěl byh prizvati koristnika(-cu) @[[Koristnik:Lpoj50|Lpoj50]] da by izměnil(-a) sposob vnosa novyh člankov, koristnik(-ca) jest velmi produktiven(-na) v prěvodženju novyh člankov iz anglijskoj viki [[Special:Contributions/Lpoj50]], ale potom někto ako Jan ili ja musi kompletno prěpisyvati članok i izpravjati ne jedino MS grěšky, ale i tehnične, svezane s koristanjem šablonov, čto jest generalno mnogo raboty. Hvalim voprěd za spolurabotu 👍 [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 15:54, 11 avgust 2026 (CEST) :Jesm uže něčto napisal na jegovoj besědnoj stranici. V principu ja ne imaju veliky problem s prěvodami sdělanymi s pomočju umětnoj inteligencije, ale v takyh kolikostah i s takymi razměrami to je prosto nemožno. Mimohodom, interesno je, že někoje UI-prěvody sodrživajut cělkom pristojny medžuslovjansky, a druge daže ne pripominajut medžuslovjansky. Odkud je taka razlika? {{User:IJzeren Jan/Podpis}} 16:34, 11 avgust 2026 (CEST) ::Možlivo, něktore jesm uže izpravil 😊 Velika hvala [[Koristnik:Ilja isv|Ilja isv]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Ilja isv|besěda]]) 21:48, 11 avgust 2026 (CEST) :::Ja myslju, že jest neobhodimo zabraniti v tutom momentu upotrěbjenje umětnoj inteligencije, a ljudij, ktori sut priměčeni pri upotrěbjenju umětnoj inteligencije, trěba jest ograničati. [[Koristnik:Panslavist|Panslavist]] ([[Besěda s koristnikom:Panslavist|besěda]]) 23:03, 12 avgust 2026 (CEST) q72augvao17noonvzzwn0f9ja18k4q5 0 1143 45611 35243 2026-08-13T05:54:23Z Ilja isv 10 45611 wikitext text/x-wiki <!--[[Fajl:Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg|thumb|Emblema [[Vatikan]]a i [[Sveta Stolica|Svetoj Stolice]]]]--> {{Kartka hristijanska konfesija |icon = Emblem of the Papacy SE.svg |icon_width = 100 px |icon_alt = Emblem of the Holy See |name = Katoličska crkov |native_name = {{-|{{Jezyky|la|Ecclesia Catholica}}}} |native_name_lang = la |image = [[Fajl:0_Basilique_Saint-Pierre_-_Rome_(2).JPG|thumb|center|300px|[[Bazilika Svetogo Petra|Bazilika Sv. Petra]], [[Vatikan]]]] |imagewidth = 250 px |alt = Fasad Baziliky Sv. Petra v Vatikanu |caption = [[Bazilika Sv. Petra]], [[Vatikan]] |abbreviation = |main_classification= [[Katolicizm|Katoličska]] |type = |orientation = |scripture = [[Katoličska Biblia|Biblia]] |theology = [[Katoličska teologija]] |polity = [[Episkopalno ustrojstvo|Episkopalno]]<ref name=Episcopal_Polity>{{Cite book|title=Notes of the Episcopal Polity of the Holy Catholic Church|last=Marshall|first=Thomas William|date=1844|location=London|publisher=Levey, Rossen and Franklin}}</ref> |governance = |structure = [[Občina]] |leader_title = [[Papa]] |leader_name = Papa [[Lev XIV|Lev {{-|XIV}}<!-- -->]] |leader_title1 = Administracija |leader_name1 = {{-|Curia Romana}} |fellowships_type = [[Katoličske oddělene crkve i liturgične obredy|Oddělene crkve<br>{{-|''sui iuris''}}]] |fellowships=24 [[latinskyh crkvij]] i 23 [[iztočnokatoličskyh crkvij]] |fellowships_type1 = |fellowships1 = |division_type = [[Katoličske eparhije)|Eparhije]] |division ={{Plainlist| * Arhieparhij: [[Spis katoličskyh arhieparhij|640]] * Eparhij: [[Spis katoličskyh eparhij|2,851]]}} |division_type1 = [[Prihod v katoličskoj crkvi|Prihodov]] |division1 = 221,700 |division_type2 = |division2 = |division_type3 = |division3 = |associations = |area = |language = [[crkovny latinsky]] i [[Rodny jezyk|rodne jezyki]] |liturgy = [[Katoličske oddělene crkve i liturgične obredy#Obredy|zapadna i iztočna]] |headquarters = [[Vatikan]] |origin_link = |founder = [[Isus]], suglasno <br />[[Sveta tradicija#V Katoličskoj i Pravoslavnoj crkvah|svetoj tradicije]] |founded_date = [[Hrisijanstvo v 1 stolětju|1 stolětje n.e.]] |founded_place = [[Sveta Zemja]], [[Rimska Imperija]]<ref name="RCC">{{Cite web|last1=Stanford|first1=Peter|title=Roman Catholic Church|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/christianity/catholic/catholic_1.shtml#top|website=BBC Religions|publisher=BBC|accessdate= 1 February 2017}}</ref><ref>Bokenkotter, Thomas (2004). A Concise History of the Catholic Church. Doubleday. ISBN 0-385-50584-1. [https://www.amazon.com/Concise-History-Catholic-Church-Revised/dp/0385516134/ p. 18]</ref> |parent = |merger = |absorbed = |separations = |merged_into = |defunct = |congregations_type = |congregations = |members = 1.313&nbsp;miliardov (2017)<ref name="Annuario">{{Cite web|url=https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/bollettino/pubblico/2019/03/06/190306b.html|title=Presentation of the Pontifical Yearbook 2019 and the Annuarium Statisticum Ecclesiae 2017|date=6 March 2019|publisher=[[Holy See Press Office]]|access-date=6 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190307110120/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/bollettino/pubblico/2019/03/06/190306b.html|archive-date=7 March 2019}}</ref> |ministers_type = [[Hierarhija Katoličskoj crkvi|Duhovenstvo]] |ministers={{Plainlist| * [[Episkop v Katoličskoj Crkvi|episkopov]]: 5,304 * [[Svečenik v Katoličskoj Crkvi|svečenikov]]: 415,656 * [[Diakon v Katoličskoj Crkvi|diakonov]]: 45,255}} |missionaries = |churches = |hospitals = |nursing_homes = |aid = |primary_schools = |secondary_schools = |tax_status = |tertiary = |other_names = |publications = |website = [http://w2.vatican.va/content/vatican/en.html Svety Prěstol] |slogan = |logo = |footnotes = }} '''Katoličska crkov''' ({{Jezyky|la|Ecclesia Catholica}}) jest najvelika větva [[Hristijanstvo|hristijanstva]] (vyše než 1,34 mlrd. adeptov). Igrala značimu rolju v historiji zapadnogo světa. Izznačaje se 4 svojstvami: jedinstvom, universalnostju, svetostju i apostolskoju naslědnostju. Glavne principy sut izložene v [[Katehizm Katoličskoj crkvi|"Katehizmu Katoličskoj crkvi"]], [[Apostolsky simbol věry|Apostolskom]], [[Nikejsko-carigradsky simbol věry|Nikejsko-carigradskom]] i [[Atanasijev simbol věry|Atanasijevom]] simbolu věry, dekretah i kanonah [[Feraro-Florentinsky sinod|Feraro-Florencijskogo]], [[Tridentsky sinod|Tridentskogo]] i [[Prvy Vatikansky sinod|Prvogo Vatikanskogo]] sinodov. == Historija == V 1054. g. vslěd davnyh religioznyh sporov slučil se [[razkol Katoličskoj i Pravoslavnoj crkvij]]. V XI st. papa Grigorij VII jest ustanovil izbranje pap kardinalskym koledžem. Sbor kardinalov sut stali zvati konklavom. S 1517 šlo veliko dviženje [[Reformacija|Reformacije]], načinateljem ktoroj byl [[Martin Ljuter]]. Jednym iz povodov byli zloupotrěbjenja Katoličskoj crkvi i velika nezadovoljenost tutym narodnyh mas. Vslěd Reformacije stali javjenje protestantizma, odčudženje česti držav (Sěverna Němcija, Velika Britanija, Niderlandy, Skandinavija) i věrozakonne vojny, ktore šli do [[Vestfalsky mir|Vestfalskogo mira v 1648. g.]] katoličska crkov vedla [[Kontrreformacija|Kontrreformaciju]] — proces borby s reformacijnymi dějateljami i reformy ustroja crkvi. V 1869-70 gg. byl Prvy Vatikansky sinod, na ktorom jest byla prijeta dogma o nepogrěšnosti papy. Čest nesuglasnyh jest obrazovala davnokatolicizm. == Ustroj i upravjenje == Hierarhija duhovnikov v katoličskoj crkvi (kako i v [[Pravoslavna crkov|pravoslavju]]) imaje 3 stupnje: [[episkop]]i, [[svečennik]]i, [[diakon]]i. Každa stupenj takož imaje svoje hierarhično razděljenje. "Kodeks kanoničnogo prava" ({{Jezyky|la|Codex iuris canonici}}) od 1983. jest osnova tutčasnogo crkovnogo zakonodateljstva (jedino za crkvi latinskyh obredov). On skladaje se iz 7 knig ("Obče normy", "Narod Božji", "Učiteljsko služenje Crkvi", "Svetiteljsko služenje Crkvi", "Imutok Crkvi", "Karajuče sankcije (kaznji) v Crkvi", "Težby") i 1752 kanonov. [[Iztočnokatolične crkvi]] sut upravjajeme Papoju posrědstvom [[Dikasterija za iztočne crkve|Dikasterije za iztočne crkve]]. Oni koristajut svoj kodeks kanonov (Kodeks kanonov iztočnyh crkvij). == Osnovy věry == {{Osnovny članok|Katolicizm}} === Tajenstva === Katoličska crkov priznavaje 7 tajenstv: [[kreščenje]], [[sveto pomazanje]], [[evharistija]], [[izpověd]], [[pomazanje hvoryh]], rukopoloženje i supružstvo. Činiti tajenstva mogut jedino katolične duhovniki (izključajuči kreščenje, ktoro mogut tvoriti neduhovniki i nekreščene, ale jedino jestli ne imaje dostupa k duhovniku ili inyh slučajah). === Posmrtny život === Suglasno katolicizmu, poslě smrti duša napravjaje se na Božji sud, kde rěšaje se daljša sudba: [[raj]] (město razkoši pravednikov) ili [[peklo]] (město mučenja grěšnikov). Takož jestvuje koncepcija [[Čistilišče|čistilišča]], kde sut duši ljudij, ktore ne činili velike grěhy (tutu koncepciju ne priznavajut pravoslavje i [[protestantizm]]). == Referencije == {{Iztočniky}} == Vněšnje linky == {{Prěvod|ru|Католическая церковь}} [[Kategorija:Hristijanstvo]] 5y2ozuv50e9za16qisq1n5jcvmoqf50 45612 45611 2026-08-13T05:55:08Z Ilja isv 10 45612 wikitext text/x-wiki <!--[[Fajl:Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg|thumb|Emblema [[Vatikan]]a i [[Sveta Stolica|Svetoj Stolice]]]]--> {{Kartka hristijanska konfesija |icon = Emblem of the Papacy SE.svg |icon_width = 100 px |icon_alt = Emblem of the Holy See |name = Katoličska crkov |native_name = {{-|{{Jezyky|la|Ecclesia Catholica}}}} |native_name_lang = la |image = [[Fajl:0_Basilique_Saint-Pierre_-_Rome_(2).JPG|thumb|center|300px|[[Bazilika Svetogo Petra|Bazilika Sv. Petra]], [[Vatikan]]]] |imagewidth = 250 px |alt = Fasad Baziliky Sv. Petra v Vatikanu |caption = [[Bazilika Sv. Petra]], [[Vatikan]] |abbreviation = |main_classification= [[Katolicizm|Katoličska]] |type = |orientation = |scripture = [[Katoličska Biblia|Biblia]] |theology = [[Katoličska teologija]] |polity = [[Episkopalno ustrojstvo|Episkopalno]]<ref name=Episcopal_Polity>{{Cite book|title=Notes of the Episcopal Polity of the Holy Catholic Church|last=Marshall|first=Thomas William|date=1844|location=London|publisher=Levey, Rossen and Franklin}}</ref> |governance = |structure = [[Občina]] |leader_title = [[Papa]] |leader_name = Papa [[Lev XIV|Lev {{-|XIV}}<!-- -->]] |leader_title1 = Administracija |leader_name1 = {{-|Curia Romana}} |fellowships_type = [[Katoličske oddělene crkve i liturgične obredy|Oddělene crkve<br>{{-|''sui iuris''}}]] |fellowships=24 [[latinskyh crkvij]] i 23 [[iztočnokatoličskyh crkvij]] |fellowships_type1 = |fellowships1 = |division_type = [[Katoličske eparhije)|Eparhije]] |division ={{Plainlist| * Arhieparhij: [[Spis katoličskyh arhieparhij|640]] * Eparhij: [[Spis katoličskyh eparhij|2,851]]}} |division_type1 = [[Prihod v katoličskoj crkvi|Prihodov]] |division1 = 221,700 |division_type2 = |division2 = |division_type3 = |division3 = |associations = |area = |language = [[crkovny latinsky]] i [[Rodny jezyk|rodne jezyki]] |liturgy = [[Katoličske oddělene crkve i liturgične obredy#Obredy|zapadna i iztočna]] |headquarters = [[Vatikan]] |origin_link = |founder = [[Isus]], suglasno <br />[[Sveta tradicija#V Katoličskoj i Pravoslavnoj crkvah|svetoj tradicije]] |founded_date = [[Hrisijanstvo v 1 stolětju|1 stolětje n.e.]] |founded_place = [[Sveta Zemja]], [[Rimska Imperija]]<ref name="RCC">{{Cite web|last1=Stanford|first1=Peter|title=Roman Catholic Church|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/christianity/catholic/catholic_1.shtml#top|website=BBC Religions|publisher=BBC|accessdate= 1 February 2017}}</ref><ref>{{-|Bokenkotter, Thomas (2004). A Concise History of the Catholic Church. Doubleday. ISBN 0-385-50584-1. [https://www.amazon.com/Concise-History-Catholic-Church-Revised/dp/0385516134/ p. 18]}}</ref> |parent = |merger = |absorbed = |separations = |merged_into = |defunct = |congregations_type = |congregations = |members = 1.313&nbsp;miliardov (2017)<ref name="Annuario">{{Cite web|url=https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/bollettino/pubblico/2019/03/06/190306b.html|title=Presentation of the Pontifical Yearbook 2019 and the Annuarium Statisticum Ecclesiae 2017|date=6 March 2019|publisher=[[Holy See Press Office]]|access-date=6 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190307110120/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/bollettino/pubblico/2019/03/06/190306b.html|archive-date=7 March 2019}}</ref> |ministers_type = [[Hierarhija Katoličskoj crkvi|Duhovenstvo]] |ministers={{Plainlist| * [[Episkop v Katoličskoj Crkvi|episkopov]]: 5,304 * [[Svečenik v Katoličskoj Crkvi|svečenikov]]: 415,656 * [[Diakon v Katoličskoj Crkvi|diakonov]]: 45,255}} |missionaries = |churches = |hospitals = |nursing_homes = |aid = |primary_schools = |secondary_schools = |tax_status = |tertiary = |other_names = |publications = |website = [http://w2.vatican.va/content/vatican/en.html Svety Prěstol] |slogan = |logo = |footnotes = }} '''Katoličska crkov''' ({{Jezyky|la|Ecclesia Catholica}}) jest najvelika větva [[Hristijanstvo|hristijanstva]] (vyše než 1,34 mlrd. adeptov). Igrala značimu rolju v historiji zapadnogo světa. Izznačaje se 4 svojstvami: jedinstvom, universalnostju, svetostju i apostolskoju naslědnostju. Glavne principy sut izložene v [[Katehizm Katoličskoj crkvi|"Katehizmu Katoličskoj crkvi"]], [[Apostolsky simbol věry|Apostolskom]], [[Nikejsko-carigradsky simbol věry|Nikejsko-carigradskom]] i [[Atanasijev simbol věry|Atanasijevom]] simbolu věry, dekretah i kanonah [[Feraro-Florentinsky sinod|Feraro-Florencijskogo]], [[Tridentsky sinod|Tridentskogo]] i [[Prvy Vatikansky sinod|Prvogo Vatikanskogo]] sinodov. == Historija == V 1054. g. vslěd davnyh religioznyh sporov slučil se [[razkol Katoličskoj i Pravoslavnoj crkvij]]. V XI st. papa Grigorij VII jest ustanovil izbranje pap kardinalskym koledžem. Sbor kardinalov sut stali zvati konklavom. S 1517 šlo veliko dviženje [[Reformacija|Reformacije]], načinateljem ktoroj byl [[Martin Ljuter]]. Jednym iz povodov byli zloupotrěbjenja Katoličskoj crkvi i velika nezadovoljenost tutym narodnyh mas. Vslěd Reformacije stali javjenje protestantizma, odčudženje česti držav (Sěverna Němcija, Velika Britanija, Niderlandy, Skandinavija) i věrozakonne vojny, ktore šli do [[Vestfalsky mir|Vestfalskogo mira v 1648. g.]] katoličska crkov vedla [[Kontrreformacija|Kontrreformaciju]] — proces borby s reformacijnymi dějateljami i reformy ustroja crkvi. V 1869-70 gg. byl Prvy Vatikansky sinod, na ktorom jest byla prijeta dogma o nepogrěšnosti papy. Čest nesuglasnyh jest obrazovala davnokatolicizm. == Ustroj i upravjenje == Hierarhija duhovnikov v katoličskoj crkvi (kako i v [[Pravoslavna crkov|pravoslavju]]) imaje 3 stupnje: [[episkop]]i, [[svečennik]]i, [[diakon]]i. Každa stupenj takož imaje svoje hierarhično razděljenje. "Kodeks kanoničnogo prava" ({{Jezyky|la|Codex iuris canonici}}) od 1983. jest osnova tutčasnogo crkovnogo zakonodateljstva (jedino za crkvi latinskyh obredov). On skladaje se iz 7 knig ("Obče normy", "Narod Božji", "Učiteljsko služenje Crkvi", "Svetiteljsko služenje Crkvi", "Imutok Crkvi", "Karajuče sankcije (kaznji) v Crkvi", "Težby") i 1752 kanonov. [[Iztočnokatolične crkvi]] sut upravjajeme Papoju posrědstvom [[Dikasterija za iztočne crkve|Dikasterije za iztočne crkve]]. Oni koristajut svoj kodeks kanonov (Kodeks kanonov iztočnyh crkvij). == Osnovy věry == {{Osnovny članok|Katolicizm}} === Tajenstva === Katoličska crkov priznavaje 7 tajenstv: [[kreščenje]], [[sveto pomazanje]], [[evharistija]], [[izpověd]], [[pomazanje hvoryh]], rukopoloženje i supružstvo. Činiti tajenstva mogut jedino katolične duhovniki (izključajuči kreščenje, ktoro mogut tvoriti neduhovniki i nekreščene, ale jedino jestli ne imaje dostupa k duhovniku ili inyh slučajah). === Posmrtny život === Suglasno katolicizmu, poslě smrti duša napravjaje se na Božji sud, kde rěšaje se daljša sudba: [[raj]] (město razkoši pravednikov) ili [[peklo]] (město mučenja grěšnikov). Takož jestvuje koncepcija [[Čistilišče|čistilišča]], kde sut duši ljudij, ktore ne činili velike grěhy (tutu koncepciju ne priznavajut pravoslavje i [[protestantizm]]). == Referencije == {{Iztočniky}} == Vněšnje linky == {{Prěvod|ru|Католическая церковь}} [[Kategorija:Hristijanstvo]] ts2suc99abxoom9duq3p7jjc49txdrj 0 1542 45646 35502 2026-08-13T09:47:35Z AdamWikt 407 /* */ jesm dodal link 45646 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kartka država | common_name = Poljska | native_name = {{Jezyky|pl|Polska}} | conventional_long_name = Republika Poljska <br> {{Jezyky|pl|Rzeczpospolita Polska}} | image_flag = Flag of Poland (normative).svg | image_coat = Herb Polski.svg | national_anthem = [[Mazurek Dąbrowskiego]] | capital = [[Varšava]] | largest_city = [[Varšava]] | official_languages = [[poljsky jezyk]] | government_type = unitarna poluprezidentska republika | area_km2 = 312696<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://stat.gov.pl/obszary-tematyczne/ludnosc/ludnosc/powierzchnia-i-ludnosc-w-przekroju-terytorialnym-w-2018-roku,7,15.html|title=Powierzchnia i ludność w przekroju terytorialnym w 2018 roku|last=GUS|language=pl}}</ref> | area_rank = 69 | population_estimate = 38268000<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://stat.gov.pl/en/topics/population/population/population-size-and-structure-and-vital-statistics-in-poland-by-territorial-divison-as-of-december-31-2019,3,27.html|title=Population. Size and structure and vital statistics in Poland by territorial division. As of December 31, 2019|last=demografia.stat.gov.pl/|website=stat.gov.pl}}</ref> | population_estimate_year = 2020 | population_estimate_rank = 38 | currency = [[Poljsky zloty|zloty]] | currency_code = PLN | time_zone = [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset = +1 | utc_offset_DST = +2 | time_zone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] | iso3166code = PL | coordinates = {{Coord|52|N|20|E|type:country_region:PL|display=inline,title}} }} '''Poljska''', služebno '''Republika Poljska''', jest država v [[Centralna Evropa|Centralnoj Evropě]]. Graniči s [[Litva|Litvoju]] i [[Калининград|Kaliningradskoju]] oblastju [[Rosija|Rosije]] na sěveroiztoku, [[Bělorus]]ju i [[Ukrajina|Ukrajinoju]] na iztoku, [[Slovakija|Slovakijeju]] i [[Čehija|Čehijeju]] na jugu i [[Němcija|Němcijeju]] na zapadu, a takože imaje izhod k [[Baltičsko morje|Baltičskomu morju]] na sěveru. Poljska imaje površinu v 312696 km² i děli se na 16 administrativnyh krajin. Naseljenje Poljsky jest bliz 38.5 milionov ljudij, čto dělaje ju 5. najljudnoju državoju v [[Evropejsky sojuz|Evropejskom sojuzu]]. Glavny i najveliky grad Poljsky jest [[Varšava]]. Ine velike grady sut [[Krakov]], [[Lodz]], [[Vroclav]], [[Poznanj]], [[Gdanjsk]] i [[Ščecin]]. Ljudi žili na ozemjah Poljsky na proteženju tysečev rokov. Po pozdnoj antičnosti one stali obširno raznorodne, kogda razne kultury i plemena sělili se na prostorah Centralnoevropejskoj ravniny. Jednakože konečno krajinu prěvažili [[Poljani (zapadni)|zapadni poljani]], ktore dali Poljske jej ime. Založenje poljskoj državnosti možno datovati 966 rokom, kogdy paganski vladar Měško 1. obratil se v [[katolicizm]]. Kraljevstvo Poljska bylo osnovano v 1025 roku [[Boleslav I Hrabry|Boleslavom 1. Hrabrym]]. Historično Poljska byla blizka s Velikym knežstvom Litovskym i v 1569 roku jih mnogolětny političny svez byl utvrdženy črěz Ljublinsku uniju. Tuta unija stvorila [[Rěč Pospolita|Poljsko-litovsko sodružstvo]], jednu iz najvelikyh (bolje 1 miliona km² v površině) i najljudnyh držav v Evropě 16. i 17. stolětja s jedinstveno liberalnym političnym ustrojem. Poslě smenšenja blagostanja Sodružstva državu razdělili medžu Rosijskoju imperijeju, Avstrijskoju imperijeju i Prusijeju. V 1918 roku Poljska vratila nezaležnost črěz Versaljsky dogovor. Poslě serije sporov za ozemja s susědami Poljska iznova stala ključnoju učestniceju evropejskoj politiky. V septembru 1939 roka Němcija počela [[Druga světova vojna|Drugu světovu vojnu]] vpadom v Poljsku, za ktorym slědoval sovětsky vpad na iztočne ozemja po [[Pakt Molotova-Ribentropa|paktu Molotova-Ribentropa]]. Kolo 6 milionov polskyh gradžanov, vključajuči 3 miliona [[Jevreji|jevrejev]] v Poljskě, izgynuli v čas vojny od němečskyh dějanij. Poslě vojny Sovětsky sojuz stvoril Poljsku narodnu republiku pod vladoju [[Poljska objedinjena rabotničska partija|partije PZPR]], ktora stala čestju Iztočnogo bloka i čestju [[Varšavsky dogovor|Varšavskogo dogovora]] medžu komunističnymi državami v čas [[Hladna vojna|hladnoj vojny]]. Poslě sobytij 1989 roka komunistična vlada byla zakončena i Poljska stala poluprezidentskoju demokratičnoju republikoju. == Administrativny poděl == [[Fajl:Wojewodztwa.svg|thumb|center|Mapa poljskyh vojevodstv]] Poljska děli se na 16 [[Vojevodstvo|vojevodstv]] ({{Jezyky|pl|województwo}}), 379 povětov ({{Jezyky|pl|powiat}}) i 2489 gmin ({{Jezyky|pl|gmina}}). Poljske vojevodstva: * [[Dolnoslezsko vojevodstvo]] ({{Jezyky|pl|Województwo dolnośląskie}}) * [[Kujavsko-pomorsko vojevodstvo]] ({{Jezyky|pl|Województwo kujawsko-pomorskie}}) * [[Ljublinsko vojevodstvo]] ({{Jezyky|pl|Województwo lubelskie}}) * [[Ljubušsko vojevodstvo]] ({{Jezyky|pl|Województwo lubuskie}}) * [[Lodzsko vojevodstvo]] ({{Jezyky|pl|Województwo łódzkie}}) * [[Malopoljsko vojevodstvo]] ({{Jezyky|pl|Województwo małopolskie}}) * [[Mazovsko vojevodstvo]] ({{Jezyky|pl|Województwo mazowieckie}}) * [[Opoljsko vojevodstvo]] ({{Jezyky|pl|Województwo opolskie}}) * [[Podkarpatsko vojevodstvo]] ({{Jezyky|pl|Województwo podkarpackie}}) * [[Podlěssko vojevodstvo]] ({{Jezyky|pl|Województwo podlaskie}}) * [[Pomorsko vojevodstvo]] ({{Jezyky|pl|Województwo pomorskie}}) * [[Slezsko vojevodstvo]] ({{Jezyky|pl|Województwo śląskie}}) * [[Svetokrižsko vojevodstvo]] ({{Jezyky|pl|Województwo świętokrzyskie}}) * [[Varmijsko-mazursko vojevodstvo]] ({{Jezyky|pl|Województwo warmińsko-mazurskie}}) * [[Velikopoljsko vojevodstvo]] ({{Jezyky|pl|Województwo wielkopolskie}}) * [[Zapadnopomorsko vojevodstvo]] ({{Jezyky|pl|Województwo zachodniopomorskie}}) == Iztočniky == <references /> == Vněšnje linky == {{Prěvod|en|Poland|revizija=1031346322}} {{Državy v Evropě}} [[Kategorija:Poljska| ]] [[Kategorija:Državy v Evropě]] l2xpfnwzfwrukocezeb9hzvqoifv7wd 0 1755 45581 44616 2026-08-12T17:13:05Z Ilja isv 10 /* */ 45581 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kartka jezyk | name = Srědnjeturkijsky jezyk | nativename = {{-|Ortatürk tili, Öztürk tili}} | image = Ortaturk_tili.jpg | imagesize = 170px | imagecaption = Prvo izdanje knigy «Ortatürk tili» (1992) | creator = * [[Bahtijor Karimov]] * [[Šoahmad Mutalov]] * [[Vadim Mirějev]] | created = 1992-2008 (Ortatürk)<br />2022 (Öztürk) | script = * [[latinica]] | agency = | family = * [[Umětne jezyky]] ** [[Zonalny pomočny jezyk|Zonalne pomočne jezyky]] *** Na osnově [[Turkijske jezyky|turkijskyh jezykov]] }} '''Srědnjeturkijsky jezyk''' (na samom jezyku: ''{{-|Ortatürk tili}}'' «usrědnjeny turkijsky jezyk» ili ''{{-|Öztürk tili}}'' «jedinoturkijsky jezyk») jest [[zonalny pomočny jezyk]] za govoriteljev [[Turkijske jezyky|turkijskyh jezykov]]. Glavny jegov cělj jest ulegčenje komunikacije medžu turkijskymi narodami posrědstvom občeturkijskyh jezyčnyh universalij. Jezyk byl razrabotany metodami matematičnoj lingvistiky. == Historija == Ideja vseturkijskogo jezyka ne jest nova: uže v Srědnjevěčju v Centralnoj Aziji jestoval karahanidsky jezyk, takože nazyvajemy «türki», ktory služil občeturkijskym literaturnym jezykom i takože iměl značny vplyv na pozdnějše literaturne jezyky, m.dr. tatarov. Za turkijcev, on odigryval podobnu rolju kako [[Starocrkovnoslovjansky jezyk|starocrkovnoslovjansky]] za slovjanov.<ref name="slavina">{{Cite book | first1 = Л.Р. | last1 = Славина | first2 = А.Ф. | last2 = Ханова | title = Функционирование родных языков в современном мире: в вопросах и ответах | url = https://www.antat.ru/ru/iyli/publishing/book/2021/Функционирование.pdf | year = 2021 | place = Казан | publisher = ИЯЛИ | isbn = 978-5-93091-371-2 | language = ru | pages = 72}}</ref> Na koncu 19. stolětja slavny krymskotatarsky intelektual, panturkist i političny dějatelj [[Ismail Gasprinskij]] (1851–1914) propagoval vseturkijsky jezyk, osnovany na osmansko-turečskom jezyku, ale izbavjeny od mnogočislnyh arabskyh i persijskyh pozajetij. Gasprinskij koristal toj jezyk v izdavanom jim od 1883 g. časopisu ''Terciman'' («prěvoditelj»).<ref name="slavina" /> === Ortatürk === Avtor koncepta srědnjeturkijskogo jezyka «Ortatürk» jest [[Uzbekistan|uzbeksky]] profesor filozofije, Bahtijor Rahmonovič Karimov (urodženy 30 marca 1949 g.). Od 1974 g. on zajedno s surabotnikom Šoahmadom Mutalovom razvil model na bazě matematičnyh formul za izčisljenje jezyčnyh sběžnostij. V 1980 g. on daže prědstavil svoju teoriju podčas turkologičnoj konferencije v [[Taškent]]u. Tym ne menje, v [[Sovětsky sojuz|Sovětskom sojuzu]] vse projavy panturkizma byli tabu, v svezi s čim Karimov i Mutalov byli prinudženi rabotati v tišině, hoti poněkogda uspěli publikovati v kamuflovanoj formě, da by izběgli cenzuru.<ref name="bridge">{{Cite web | url = https://timesca.com/building-a-bridge-of-tongues-one-uzbek-linguists-pursuit-of-turkic-unity/ | first = Sadokat | last = Jalolova | title = Building a Bridge of Tongues: One Uzbek Linguist’s Pursuit of Turkic Unity | website = The Times of Central Asia | date = 2025-06-17 | language = en | access-date = 2025-08-03}}</ref> [[Fajl:Baxtiyor_Karimov.jpg | thumb | left | 180px | Bahtijor Karimov]] Toliko v 1992 g., poslě dobytja nezavisnosti Uzbekistana, Karimov i Mutalov mogli publikovati svoje teorije v knigě pod zaglavjem «Ortatürk tili»; v 1993 g. byla takože izdana versija na anglijskom. V tutoj knigě oni objasnjajut svoju matematičnu formulu na osnově prikladov iz peti turkijskyh jezykov ([[Azerbajdžansky jezyk|azerbajdžansky]], [[Tatarsky jezyk|tatarsky]], [[Turečsky jezyk|turečsky]], [[Uzbeksky jezyk|uzbeksky]] i [[Kazahsky jezyk|kazahsky]]), a takože prikladov iz [[Slovjanske jezyky|slovanskyh]], [[Romanske jezyky|romanskyh]] i [[Iranske jezyky|iranskyh]] jezykov.<ref>{{Cite book | first1 = Бахтиёр Раҳмон ўғли | last1 = Каримов | first2 = Шоаҳмад Шоназар ўғли | last2 = Муталов | title = Ўртатурк тили | url = https://namdu.uz/media/Books/pdf/2024/12/20/NamDU-ARM-14864-Ўртатурк_тили.pdf | place = Ташкент | publisher = Меҳнат | year = 1992 | language = uz | isbn = 5824409757}}</ref> Pozdněje, v 2008 g., oni publikovali aktualizovanu versiju projekta, takože dodavajuči tri turkijske jezyky k svojim sravnjenjam: [[Turkmensky jezyk|turkmensky]], [[Kyrgyzsky jezyk|kyrgyzsky]] i [[Ujgursky jezyk|ujgursky]].<ref>{{Cite web | first1 = B.R. | last1 = Karimov | first2 = Sh.sh. | last2 = Mutalov | title = Averaged languages: an attempt to solve the world language problem | url = http://www.turklang.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/AVERAGED-LANGUAGES.pdf | archive-url = http://web.archive.org/web/20241205111836/www.turklang.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/AVERAGED-LANGUAGES.pdf | archive-date = 2024-12-05 | access-date = 2025-08-03 | language = en}}</ref> Karimov tvrdi, že srědnjeturkijsky – jezyk srazumlivy vsim turkijskym narodam – pomože sjediniti turkijskojezyčne narody i ukrěpi kulturne svezi,<ref>{{Cite web | first = Sadokat | last = Jalolova | title = Scientists of Ancient Central Asia Still Relevant in the Modern World; The Idea of the Averaged Turkic Language | url = https://timesca.com/scientists-of-ancient-central-asia-still-relevant-in-the-modern-world-the-idea-of-the-averaged-turkic-language/ | website = The Times of Central Asia | date = 2025-03-29 | language = en | access-date = 2025-08-03}}</ref> ale jednočasno podčrkivaje, že ne naměraje zaměniti jim etnične jezyky: :''«Naš projekt prědlagaje trideseti turkijskym narodam, že koordinovanym sposobom sdělajut jedin krok, da by popadli v jednu točku. I ta točka jest usrědnjeny turkijsky jezyk, ktory smože funkcionovati paralelno s tridesetju turkijskymi jezykami. Nijedin iz tyh trideseti jezykov ne izčezne i ne bude prěobračeny v dialekt.»''<ref>{{Cite magazine | first = Андрей Саввич | last = Саввинов | title = Бахтияр Каримов: «Ортатюрк — язык всех тюрков» | magazine = ИЛИН | issue = 2–3 (14–15) | year = 1998 | language = ru | url = https://ilin-yakutsk.narod.ru/1998-2/54.htm | access-date = 2025-08-03}}</ref> V novembru 2007 g. {{-|V.}} kurultaj («sjezd») Vsesvětskoj asambleje turkijskyh narodov (VATN) v Kazahstanu prijel rěšenje, na osnově ktorogo osnovany byl dnju v 18 marca 2008 g. Medžunarodny institut jezyka «ortatürk» («anatürk»).<ref name="shakirov">{{Cite journal | first = И.А. | last = Шакиров | title = Об идее создания среднетюркского языка «ортатюрк» | journal = Ватандаш | year = 2017 | issue = 3 (246) | pages = 94–103 | language = ru}} ([https://vk.com/doc704697_649664938?hash=37pz3OdsBQoyMjkcOZ29CmsfU3ldz4cjGhnObIv5pso PDF])</ref> Direktor instituta byl do 2013 g. Bahtijor Karimov.<ref>{{Cite book | editor-first = И.С. | editor-last = Хошимова | title = Бахтиёр Раҳмонович Каримов. Биобиблиография | url = https://media.licdn.com/dms/document/media/C4E2DAQESos28MYtiOg/profile-treasury-document-pdf-analyzed/0/1583948084767?e=1694044800&v=beta&t=YikWq-12GfmKKvD9E2fNbWAzJV7AwJIB3MExAkcveTo | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230826141933/https://media.licdn.com/dms/document/media/C4E2DAQESos28MYtiOg/profile-treasury-document-pdf-analyzed/0/1583948084767?e=1694044800&v=beta&t=YikWq-12GfmKKvD9E2fNbWAzJV7AwJIB3MExAkcveTo | archive-date = 2023-08-26 | place = Тошкент | publisher = Ўзбекистон Миллий университети нашриёти | year = 2014 | language = uz | pages = 11}}</ref> Tutoj institut razrabotal kompjuternu programu za usrědnjenje slov turkijskyh jezykov po principu «dvojnogo večinstva» (večinstva jezykov i večinstva govoriteljev), koristajuču uproščenu versiju prvopočetnogo prědloženja Karimova i Mutalova. Tym sposobom v 2017 g. bylo stvorjeno 11 tys. slov.<ref name="shakirov" /> [[Fajl:Озьтюрк.jpg | thumb | right | 240px]] === Öztürk === Na {{-|VI.}} kurultaju Vsesvětskoj asambleje turkijskyh narodov v 2014 g. direktor Instituta Ortatürk-Anatürk, krymskotatarsky jezykoznavec Vadim Aldanovič Mirějev (urodženy 9 dekembra 1955 g.), prědstavil prezentaciju o jezyku ortatürk, na samom jezyku ortatürk. Govoril, medžu drugym, že jezyk bude pisany [[Latinsky alfabet|latinskym alfabetom]], s kombinacijami bukv i znakov za prědavanje specifičnyh turkijskyh zvukov.<ref>{{Cite web | url = https://www.turantoday.com/2014/06/kurultay-vatn_2.html | title = В Туране прошел курултай тюркских народов (фото) | date = 2014-06-02 | language = ru | access-date = 2025-08-04}}</ref> Podčas sjezda takože zvučal «Himn turkijskogo jedinstva», prvy oficialny dokument na jezyku ortatürk.<ref>{{Cite web | url = https://www.idelreal.org/a/общетюркскому-языку-быть-на-какой-язык-он-будет-похож/29172132.html | title = Общетюркскому языку быть. На какой язык он будет похож? | website = IdelРеалии | date = 2018-04-20 | access-date = 2025-08-04 | language = ru}}</ref> Učestniki sjezda rěšili, že jezyk ortatürk bude postupno služiti kako srědstvo komunikacije podčas budučih medžuturkijskyh sobranij, že bude učeny v gagauzskom universitetu v Komratu (Moldavija), i že bude publikovana onlajn gazeta v novinami iz turkijskogo světa.<ref>{{Cite book | first = Дандай | last = Ысқақұлы | chapter = Түркілік ортақ тіл мәселелері | title = Қазақстан Республикасы тәуелсіздігінің 30 жылдығы мен Р.Б. Сүлейменов атындағы Шығыстану институтының 25 жылдығына орай «Қазақстан және Шығыс әлемі: өткені, бүгіні және болашағы» атты Халықаралық ғылымитәжірибелік конференция материалдары | editor = Д. Мәсімханұлы i dr. | place = Алматы | publisher = Р.Б. Сүлейменов атындағы Шығыстану институты | year = 2022 | isbn = 978-601-08-1647-3 | pages = 93 | language = kk | url = https://shygystanu.kz/rus/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Сборник-материалов-конференции-1.pdf | access-date = 2025-08-04}}</ref> V 2022 g. kazahska ekipa pod vodstvom Mirějeva prětvorila ortatürk v «{{-|Öztürk}}» (kir. {{-|Озьтюрк}}), uproščeny prototip osnovany na idejah Karimova, takože dokazyvajuči, že model Karimova može byti realizovany s ograničenymi finansnymi srědstvami.<ref name="bridge" /> V 2023 g. Mirějev publikoval knigu «{{-|Öztürk tili}}» s gramatikoju, slovnikom sodrživajučim veče neželi 16 tys. slov i prěvodami.<ref>{{Cite book | first = В.А. | last = Миреев | title = Öztürk tili – Язык «Озьтюрк» | year = 2023 | place = Шымкент | publisher = Издательство «ИП Лесов» | language = ru | isbn = 9786017678555 | url = https://vk.com/doc704697_674821831?hash=hfVe94wz3XS5CI1jLX4zUqHKjmsUg4xpLebLLsSeLRz}}</ref> Slovosbor byl razrabotany s pomočju komjuternogo algoritma, ktory sravnjaje slova v turkijskyh jezykah i na toj bazě izčisljaje, bukvu za bukvoju, najbolje usrědnjenu versiju. Algoritm koristaje až petdeset jezykov, vključno s prajezykami, izumrlymi jezykami i moribundnymi jezykami. V protivnosti k [[Medžuslovjansky jezyk|medžuslovjanskomu]], tutoj algoritm ne jest osnovany na principu ravnogo važenja jezyčnyh podgrup, ale na "dvojnyh večinstvah": največšej kolikosti jezykov i največšej kolikosti govoriteljev. Takym sposobom osobne prědpočitanja sut nevtralizovane. Ačekoli öztürk byl prědstavjeny kako praktičnějša i pristupna versija ortatürka, razliky medžu njimi sut subtilne. V öztürku čestěje koristajut se něčto arhaične turkijske slova, napr. ''{{-|bitik}}'' «kniga», kde ortatürk čestěje izbiraje slova neturkijskogo proizhodženja, ale prisutne v mnogyh turkijskyh jezykah, napr. ''{{-|kitap}}''. Iz toj pričiny ortatürk izdavaje se razumlivšim sučasnym turkijskym govoriteljam. Obě versije srědnjeturkijskogo jezyka imajut grupu na socialnoj mrěži [[VKontakte]]. === Shodne projekty === Kromě srědnjeturkijskogo jezyka takože jestvujut shodne, ale menje dorazvite projekty vseturkijskogo jezyka, napr. {{-|''Jalpi türk tili''}} (na osnově turečskogo, azerbajdžanskogo, kazahskogo, uzbekskogo, turkmenskogo i ujgurskogo jezykov)<ref>{{Cite web | url = https://kiriminsesigazetesi.com/jalpi-turk-tili/ | title = Jalpi Türk Tili | website = Kırım'ın Sesi Gazetesi | date = 2019-05-08 | access-date = 2025-08-05}}</ref> i {{-|''Turan tili''}} ({{Jezyky|ru|туранский язык}}), ktory vključaje kipčakske, oguzske i karlukse črty.<ref>{{Cite web | url = https://vk.com/turantili | title = Turan Tili * Туранский Язык * Turan Language | website = [[VK]] | access-date = 2025-08-05}}</ref> == Alfabet == Srědnjeturkijsky jezyk koristaje objedinjeny latinsky alfabet za turkijske jezyky, prijety na medžunarodnom simpoziumu v novembru 1991 g. Tutoj alfabet jest osnovany na turečskom alfabetu, s dodanjem bukv '''{{-|ä}}''', '''{{-|ñ}}''', '''{{-|q}}''', '''{{-|w}}''' i '''{{-|x}}''', pri čem turečska bukva '''{{-|v}}''' zaměnjaje se na '''{{-|w}}'''.<ref>{{-|Миреев}} (2023), str. 3.</ref> {| style="border-color:#000000; border-width:1px; border-style:solid; border-collapse:collapse; background-color:#F8F8EF; text-align: center; width: 60%;" |+ '''Alfabet srědnjeturkijskogo jezyka''' |- align="center" style="height:2.5em;" | style="font-size: 1.4em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{-|'''A a'''}} | style="font-size: 1.4em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{-|'''Ä ä'''}} | style="font-size: 1.4em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{-|'''B b'''}} | style="font-size: 1.4em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{-|'''C c'''}} | style="font-size: 1.4em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{-|'''Ç ç'''}} | style="font-size: 1.4em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{-|'''D d'''}} | style="font-size: 1.4em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{-|'''E e'''}} | style="font-size: 1.4em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{-|'''G g'''}} |- | style="font-size: 1.2em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{MFA|ɑ}} | style="font-size: 1.2em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{MFA|æ}} | style="font-size: 1.2em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{MFA|b}} | style="font-size: 1.2em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{MFA|d͡ʒ}} | style="font-size: 1.2em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{MFA|t͡ʃ}} | style="font-size: 1.2em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{MFA|d}} | style="font-size: 1.2em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{MFA|e}} | style="font-size: 1.2em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{MFA|gʲ}} |- | style="font-size: 1.4em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{-|'''Ğ ğ'''}} | style="font-size: 1.4em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{-|'''H h'''}} | style="font-size: 1.4em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{-|'''I ı'''}} | style="font-size: 1.4em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{-|'''İ i'''}} | style="font-size: 1.4em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{-|'''J j'''}} | style="font-size: 1.4em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{-|'''K k'''}} | style="font-size: 1.4em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{-|'''L l'''}} | style="font-size: 1.4em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{-|'''M m'''}} |- | style="font-size: 1.2em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{MFA|ɣ}} | style="font-size: 1.2em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{MFA|χ}} | style="font-size: 1.2em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{MFA|ɯ}} | style="font-size: 1.2em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{MFA|i}} | style="font-size: 1.2em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{MFA|ʒ}} | style="font-size: 1.2em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{MFA|kʲ}} | style="font-size: 1.2em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{MFA|ɫ, lʲ}} | style="font-size: 1.2em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{MFA|m}} |- | style="font-size: 1.4em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{-|'''N n'''}} | style="font-size: 1.4em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{-|'''ñ'''}} | style="font-size: 1.4em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{-|'''O o'''}} | style="font-size: 1.4em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{-|'''Ö ö'''}} | style="font-size: 1.4em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{-|'''P p'''}} | style="font-size: 1.4em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{-|'''Q q'''}} | style="font-size: 1.4em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{-|'''R r'''}} | style="font-size: 1.4em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{-|'''S s'''}} |- | style="font-size: 1.2em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{MFA|n}} | style="font-size: 1.2em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{MFA|ŋ}} | style="font-size: 1.2em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{MFA|o}} | style="font-size: 1.2em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{MFA|ø}} | style="font-size: 1.2em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{MFA|p}} | style="font-size: 1.2em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{MFA|q}} | style="font-size: 1.2em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{MFA|r}} | style="font-size: 1.2em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{MFA|s}} |- | style="font-size: 1.4em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{-|'''Ş ş'''}} | style="font-size: 1.4em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{-|'''T t'''}} | style="font-size: 1.4em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{-|'''U u'''}} | style="font-size: 1.4em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{-|'''Ü ü'''}} | style="font-size: 1.4em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{-|'''W w'''}} | style="font-size: 1.4em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{-|'''X x'''}} | style="font-size: 1.4em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{-|'''Y y'''}} | style="font-size: 1.4em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{-|'''Z z'''}} |- | style="font-size: 1.2em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{MFA|ʃ}} | style="font-size: 1.2em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{MFA|t}} | style="font-size: 1.2em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{MFA|u}} | style="font-size: 1.2em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{MFA|ү}} | style="font-size: 1.2em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{MFA|w}} | style="font-size: 1.2em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{MFA|x}} | style="font-size: 1.2em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{MFA|j}} | style="font-size: 1.2em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{MFA|z}} |} == Priklad teksta == === {{-|Türk birligi maqtaw yırı}} (Himn turkijskogo jedinstva) === {| width=100% |- | valign=top | <poem> {{-|Ata-yurtum – çeksiz Turan, Bayraq tikken Türk babam. Altay, İdil, Qırım, Turfan, Toğup-ösken bizim Watan - Ulu Watan! Naqaratı: İleri, birlik yolğa, Er Türkniñ batır oğulları, Yaşa, mengi yaşa, Yañarıp, büyükte Turan eli!}} </poem> | valign=top | <poem> {{-|Bütün türk birligi uçun, Babalarnıñ uzat işin. Birlik bayraq biyik tursun. Türklerni dunya bilsin, körsün küçün! Naqaratı}} </poem> | valign=top | <poem> {{-|Yardım bizge – Kök Tanrı! Ruhları qağanlarnıñ. Tonuköktey aqıllılarnıñ, Eli uçun tökken terin, qızıl qanın. Naqaratı}} </poem> | valign=top | <poem> {{-|Küç alayıq tuwğan yerden, Kökten sewgen altın künde, Yaratılğanmız taş-temirden, Bolsun mengi yeñiş biz bile, yeñiş biz bile! Naqaratı}}<ref>{{Cite web | url = http://m.vk.com/club54783595 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140705153336/http://m.vk.com/club54783595 | archive-date = 2014-07-05 | title = Гимн тюркского единства | website = VKontakte | date = 2014-05-31}}</ref> </poem> |} == Iztočniky == {{Iztočniky}} == Literatura == * {{Cite book | first1 = Бахтиёр Раҳмон ўғли | last1 = Каримов | first2 = Шоаҳмад Шоназар ўғли | last2 = Муталов | title = Ўртатурк тили | url = https://namdu.uz/media/Books/pdf/2024/12/20/NamDU-ARM-14864-Ўртатурк_тили.pdf | place = Ташкент | publisher = Меҳнат | year = 1992 | language = uz | isbn = 5824409757}} * {{Cite web | first1 = B.R. | last1 = Karimov | first2 = Sh.sh. | last2 = Mutalov | title = Averaged languages: an attempt to solve the world language problem | url = http://www.turklang.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/AVERAGED-LANGUAGES.pdf | archive-url = http://web.archive.org/web/20241205111836/www.turklang.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/AVERAGED-LANGUAGES.pdf | archive-date = 2024-12-05 | access-date = 2025-08-03 | language = en}} * {{Cite book | first = В.А. | last = Миреев | title = Öztürk tili – Язык «Озьтюрк» | year = 2023 | place = Шымкент | publisher = Издательство «ИП Лесов» | language = ru | isbn = 9786017678555 | url = https://vk.com/doc704697_674821831?hash=hfVe94wz3XS5CI1jLX4zUqHKjmsUg4xpLebLLsSeLRz}} == Vněšnje linky == {| class="wikitable" align="right" style="width:250px; margin-left:1em;" |- ! Poslušajte na YouTube! |- | align=center | [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UjUDMNqwQ2Y ''{{-|Ortatürk tili}}''] |} * [https://glosbe.com/ru/mis_ort Russko-srědnjeturkijsky slovnik] na {{-|Glosbe}} * [https://vk.com/ortaturkce {{-|Ortatürkçe}}] na [[VK]] * [https://vk.com/ozturkce {{-|Öztürkçe}}] na [[VK]] * [http://ambientlighter.github.io/Ortaturk/ {{-|Ortaturk programı}}] * [https://ortaturk.miraheze.org/wiki/Anasayfa Viki] {{Umětne jezyky}} [[Kategorija:Turkijske jezyky]] [[Kategorija:Umětne jezyky]] sn792aq5jcj39sl8wgf2fnpz4a1gxmc 45582 45581 2026-08-12T17:18:10Z Ilja isv 10 /* Öztürk */ 45582 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kartka jezyk | name = Srědnjeturkijsky jezyk | nativename = {{-|Ortatürk tili, Öztürk tili}} | image = Ortaturk_tili.jpg | imagesize = 170px | imagecaption = Prvo izdanje knigy «Ortatürk tili» (1992) | creator = * [[Bahtijor Karimov]] * [[Šoahmad Mutalov]] * [[Vadim Mirějev]] | created = 1992-2008 (Ortatürk)<br />2022 (Öztürk) | script = * [[latinica]] | agency = | family = * [[Umětne jezyky]] ** [[Zonalny pomočny jezyk|Zonalne pomočne jezyky]] *** Na osnově [[Turkijske jezyky|turkijskyh jezykov]] }} '''Srědnjeturkijsky jezyk''' (na samom jezyku: ''{{-|Ortatürk tili}}'' «usrědnjeny turkijsky jezyk» ili ''{{-|Öztürk tili}}'' «jedinoturkijsky jezyk») jest [[zonalny pomočny jezyk]] za govoriteljev [[Turkijske jezyky|turkijskyh jezykov]]. Glavny jegov cělj jest ulegčenje komunikacije medžu turkijskymi narodami posrědstvom občeturkijskyh jezyčnyh universalij. Jezyk byl razrabotany metodami matematičnoj lingvistiky. == Historija == Ideja vseturkijskogo jezyka ne jest nova: uže v Srědnjevěčju v Centralnoj Aziji jestoval karahanidsky jezyk, takože nazyvajemy «türki», ktory služil občeturkijskym literaturnym jezykom i takože iměl značny vplyv na pozdnějše literaturne jezyky, m.dr. tatarov. Za turkijcev, on odigryval podobnu rolju kako [[Starocrkovnoslovjansky jezyk|starocrkovnoslovjansky]] za slovjanov.<ref name="slavina">{{Cite book | first1 = Л.Р. | last1 = Славина | first2 = А.Ф. | last2 = Ханова | title = Функционирование родных языков в современном мире: в вопросах и ответах | url = https://www.antat.ru/ru/iyli/publishing/book/2021/Функционирование.pdf | year = 2021 | place = Казан | publisher = ИЯЛИ | isbn = 978-5-93091-371-2 | language = ru | pages = 72}}</ref> Na koncu 19. stolětja slavny krymskotatarsky intelektual, panturkist i političny dějatelj [[Ismail Gasprinskij]] (1851–1914) propagoval vseturkijsky jezyk, osnovany na osmansko-turečskom jezyku, ale izbavjeny od mnogočislnyh arabskyh i persijskyh pozajetij. Gasprinskij koristal toj jezyk v izdavanom jim od 1883 g. časopisu ''Terciman'' («prěvoditelj»).<ref name="slavina" /> === Ortatürk === Avtor koncepta srědnjeturkijskogo jezyka «Ortatürk» jest [[Uzbekistan|uzbeksky]] profesor filozofije, Bahtijor Rahmonovič Karimov (urodženy 30 marca 1949 g.). Od 1974 g. on zajedno s surabotnikom Šoahmadom Mutalovom razvil model na bazě matematičnyh formul za izčisljenje jezyčnyh sběžnostij. V 1980 g. on daže prědstavil svoju teoriju podčas turkologičnoj konferencije v [[Taškent]]u. Tym ne menje, v [[Sovětsky sojuz|Sovětskom sojuzu]] vse projavy panturkizma byli tabu, v svezi s čim Karimov i Mutalov byli prinudženi rabotati v tišině, hoti poněkogda uspěli publikovati v kamuflovanoj formě, da by izběgli cenzuru.<ref name="bridge">{{Cite web | url = https://timesca.com/building-a-bridge-of-tongues-one-uzbek-linguists-pursuit-of-turkic-unity/ | first = Sadokat | last = Jalolova | title = Building a Bridge of Tongues: One Uzbek Linguist’s Pursuit of Turkic Unity | website = The Times of Central Asia | date = 2025-06-17 | language = en | access-date = 2025-08-03}}</ref> [[Fajl:Baxtiyor_Karimov.jpg | thumb | left | 180px | Bahtijor Karimov]] Toliko v 1992 g., poslě dobytja nezavisnosti Uzbekistana, Karimov i Mutalov mogli publikovati svoje teorije v knigě pod zaglavjem «Ortatürk tili»; v 1993 g. byla takože izdana versija na anglijskom. V tutoj knigě oni objasnjajut svoju matematičnu formulu na osnově prikladov iz peti turkijskyh jezykov ([[Azerbajdžansky jezyk|azerbajdžansky]], [[Tatarsky jezyk|tatarsky]], [[Turečsky jezyk|turečsky]], [[Uzbeksky jezyk|uzbeksky]] i [[Kazahsky jezyk|kazahsky]]), a takože prikladov iz [[Slovjanske jezyky|slovanskyh]], [[Romanske jezyky|romanskyh]] i [[Iranske jezyky|iranskyh]] jezykov.<ref>{{Cite book | first1 = Бахтиёр Раҳмон ўғли | last1 = Каримов | first2 = Шоаҳмад Шоназар ўғли | last2 = Муталов | title = Ўртатурк тили | url = https://namdu.uz/media/Books/pdf/2024/12/20/NamDU-ARM-14864-Ўртатурк_тили.pdf | place = Ташкент | publisher = Меҳнат | year = 1992 | language = uz | isbn = 5824409757}}</ref> Pozdněje, v 2008 g., oni publikovali aktualizovanu versiju projekta, takože dodavajuči tri turkijske jezyky k svojim sravnjenjam: [[Turkmensky jezyk|turkmensky]], [[Kyrgyzsky jezyk|kyrgyzsky]] i [[Ujgursky jezyk|ujgursky]].<ref>{{Cite web | first1 = B.R. | last1 = Karimov | first2 = Sh.sh. | last2 = Mutalov | title = Averaged languages: an attempt to solve the world language problem | url = http://www.turklang.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/AVERAGED-LANGUAGES.pdf | archive-url = http://web.archive.org/web/20241205111836/www.turklang.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/AVERAGED-LANGUAGES.pdf | archive-date = 2024-12-05 | access-date = 2025-08-03 | language = en}}</ref> Karimov tvrdi, že srědnjeturkijsky – jezyk srazumlivy vsim turkijskym narodam – pomože sjediniti turkijskojezyčne narody i ukrěpi kulturne svezi,<ref>{{Cite web | first = Sadokat | last = Jalolova | title = Scientists of Ancient Central Asia Still Relevant in the Modern World; The Idea of the Averaged Turkic Language | url = https://timesca.com/scientists-of-ancient-central-asia-still-relevant-in-the-modern-world-the-idea-of-the-averaged-turkic-language/ | website = The Times of Central Asia | date = 2025-03-29 | language = en | access-date = 2025-08-03}}</ref> ale jednočasno podčrkivaje, že ne naměraje zaměniti jim etnične jezyky: :''«Naš projekt prědlagaje trideseti turkijskym narodam, že koordinovanym sposobom sdělajut jedin krok, da by popadli v jednu točku. I ta točka jest usrědnjeny turkijsky jezyk, ktory smože funkcionovati paralelno s tridesetju turkijskymi jezykami. Nijedin iz tyh trideseti jezykov ne izčezne i ne bude prěobračeny v dialekt.»''<ref>{{Cite magazine | first = Андрей Саввич | last = Саввинов | title = Бахтияр Каримов: «Ортатюрк — язык всех тюрков» | magazine = ИЛИН | issue = 2–3 (14–15) | year = 1998 | language = ru | url = https://ilin-yakutsk.narod.ru/1998-2/54.htm | access-date = 2025-08-03}}</ref> V novembru 2007 g. {{-|V.}} kurultaj («sjezd») Vsesvětskoj asambleje turkijskyh narodov (VATN) v Kazahstanu prijel rěšenje, na osnově ktorogo osnovany byl dnju v 18 marca 2008 g. Medžunarodny institut jezyka «ortatürk» («anatürk»).<ref name="shakirov">{{Cite journal | first = И.А. | last = Шакиров | title = Об идее создания среднетюркского языка «ортатюрк» | journal = Ватандаш | year = 2017 | issue = 3 (246) | pages = 94–103 | language = ru}} ([https://vk.com/doc704697_649664938?hash=37pz3OdsBQoyMjkcOZ29CmsfU3ldz4cjGhnObIv5pso PDF])</ref> Direktor instituta byl do 2013 g. Bahtijor Karimov.<ref>{{Cite book | editor-first = И.С. | editor-last = Хошимова | title = Бахтиёр Раҳмонович Каримов. Биобиблиография | url = https://media.licdn.com/dms/document/media/C4E2DAQESos28MYtiOg/profile-treasury-document-pdf-analyzed/0/1583948084767?e=1694044800&v=beta&t=YikWq-12GfmKKvD9E2fNbWAzJV7AwJIB3MExAkcveTo | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230826141933/https://media.licdn.com/dms/document/media/C4E2DAQESos28MYtiOg/profile-treasury-document-pdf-analyzed/0/1583948084767?e=1694044800&v=beta&t=YikWq-12GfmKKvD9E2fNbWAzJV7AwJIB3MExAkcveTo | archive-date = 2023-08-26 | place = Тошкент | publisher = Ўзбекистон Миллий университети нашриёти | year = 2014 | language = uz | pages = 11}}</ref> Tutoj institut razrabotal kompjuternu programu za usrědnjenje slov turkijskyh jezykov po principu «dvojnogo večinstva» (večinstva jezykov i večinstva govoriteljev), koristajuču uproščenu versiju prvopočetnogo prědloženja Karimova i Mutalova. Tym sposobom v 2017 g. bylo stvorjeno 11 tys. slov.<ref name="shakirov" /> [[Fajl:Озьтюрк.jpg | thumb | right | 240px]] === Öztürk === Na {{-|VI.}} kurultaju Vsesvětskoj asambleje turkijskyh narodov v 2014 g. direktor Instituta Ortatürk-Anatürk, krymskotatarsky jezykoznavec Vadim Aldanovič Mirějev (urodženy 9 dekembra 1955 g.), prědstavil prezentaciju o jezyku ortatürk, na samom jezyku ortatürk. Govoril, medžu drugym, že jezyk bude pisany [[Latinsky alfabet|latinskym alfabetom]], s kombinacijami bukv i znakov za prědavanje specifičnyh turkijskyh zvukov.<ref>{{Cite web | url = https://www.turantoday.com/2014/06/kurultay-vatn_2.html | title = В Туране прошел курултай тюркских народов (фото) | date = 2014-06-02 | language = ru | access-date = 2025-08-04}}</ref> Podčas sjezda takože zvučal «Himn turkijskogo jedinstva», prvy oficialny dokument na jezyku ortatürk.<ref>{{Cite web | url = https://www.idelreal.org/a/общетюркскому-языку-быть-на-какой-язык-он-будет-похож/29172132.html | title = Общетюркскому языку быть. На какой язык он будет похож? | website = IdelРеалии | date = 2018-04-20 | access-date = 2025-08-04 | language = ru}}</ref> Učestniki sjezda rěšili, že jezyk ortatürk bude postupno služiti kako srědstvo komunikacije podčas budučih medžuturkijskyh sobranij, že bude učeny v gagauzskom universitetu v Komratu (Moldavija), i že bude publikovana onlajn gazeta v novinami iz turkijskogo světa.<ref>{{Cite book | first = Дандай | last = Ысқақұлы | chapter = Түркілік ортақ тіл мәселелері | title = Қазақстан Республикасы тәуелсіздігінің 30 жылдығы мен Р.Б. Сүлейменов атындағы Шығыстану институтының 25 жылдығына орай «Қазақстан және Шығыс әлемі: өткені, бүгіні және болашағы» атты Халықаралық ғылымитәжірибелік конференция материалдары | editor = Д. Мәсімханұлы i dr. | place = Алматы | publisher = Р.Б. Сүлейменов атындағы Шығыстану институты | year = 2022 | isbn = 978-601-08-1647-3 | pages = 93 | language = kk | url = https://shygystanu.kz/rus/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Сборник-материалов-конференции-1.pdf | access-date = 2025-08-04}}</ref> V 2022 g. kazahska ekipa pod vodstvom Mirějeva prětvorila ortatürk v «{{-|Öztürk}}» (kir. {{-|Озьтюрк}}), uproščeny prototip osnovany na idejah Karimova, takože dokazyvajuči, že model Karimova može byti realizovany s ograničenymi finansnymi srědstvami.<ref name="bridge" /> V 2023 g. Mirějev publikoval knigu «{{-|Öztürk tili}}» s gramatikoju, slovnikom sodrživajučim veče neželi 16 tys. slov i prěvodami.<ref>{{Cite book | first = В.А. | last = Миреев | title = Öztürk tili – Язык «Озьтюрк» | year = 2023 | place = Шымкент | publisher = Издательство «ИП Лесов» | language = ru | isbn = 9786017678555 | url = https://vk.com/doc704697_674821831?hash=hfVe94wz3XS5CI1jLX4zUqHKjmsUg4xpLebLLsSeLRz}}</ref> Slovosbor byl razrabotany s pomočju kompjuternogo algoritma, ktory sravnjaje slova v turkijskyh jezykah i na toj bazě izčisljaje, bukvu za bukvoju, najbolje usrědnjenu versiju. Algoritm koristaje až petdeset jezykov, vključno s prajezykami, izumrlymi jezykami i moribundnymi jezykami. V protivnosti k [[Medžuslovjansky jezyk|medžuslovjanskomu]], tutoj algoritm ne jest osnovany na principu ravnogo važenja jezyčnyh podgrup, ale na "dvojnyh večinstvah": največšej kolikosti jezykov i največšej kolikosti govoriteljev. Takym sposobom osobne prědpočitanja sut nevtralizovane. Ačekoli öztürk byl prědstavjeny kako praktičnějša i pristupna versija ortatürka, razliky medžu njimi sut subtilne. V öztürku čestěje koristajut se něčto arhaične turkijske slova, napr. ''{{-|bitik}}'' «kniga», kde ortatürk čestěje izbiraje slova neturkijskogo proizhodženja, ale prisutne v mnogyh turkijskyh jezykah, napr. ''{{-|kitap}}''. Iz toj pričiny ortatürk izdavaje se razumlivšim sučasnym turkijskym govoriteljam. Obě versije srědnjeturkijskogo jezyka imajut grupu na socialnoj mrěži [[VKontakte]]. === Shodne projekty === Kromě srědnjeturkijskogo jezyka takože jestvujut shodne, ale menje dorazvite projekty vseturkijskogo jezyka, napr. {{-|''Jalpi türk tili''}} (na osnově turečskogo, azerbajdžanskogo, kazahskogo, uzbekskogo, turkmenskogo i ujgurskogo jezykov)<ref>{{Cite web | url = https://kiriminsesigazetesi.com/jalpi-turk-tili/ | title = Jalpi Türk Tili | website = Kırım'ın Sesi Gazetesi | date = 2019-05-08 | access-date = 2025-08-05}}</ref> i {{-|''Turan tili''}} ({{Jezyky|ru|туранский язык}}), ktory vključaje kipčakske, oguzske i karlukse črty.<ref>{{Cite web | url = https://vk.com/turantili | title = Turan Tili * Туранский Язык * Turan Language | website = [[VK]] | access-date = 2025-08-05}}</ref> == Alfabet == Srědnjeturkijsky jezyk koristaje objedinjeny latinsky alfabet za turkijske jezyky, prijety na medžunarodnom simpoziumu v novembru 1991 g. Tutoj alfabet jest osnovany na turečskom alfabetu, s dodanjem bukv '''{{-|ä}}''', '''{{-|ñ}}''', '''{{-|q}}''', '''{{-|w}}''' i '''{{-|x}}''', pri čem turečska bukva '''{{-|v}}''' zaměnjaje se na '''{{-|w}}'''.<ref>{{-|Миреев}} (2023), str. 3.</ref> {| style="border-color:#000000; border-width:1px; border-style:solid; border-collapse:collapse; background-color:#F8F8EF; text-align: center; width: 60%;" |+ '''Alfabet srědnjeturkijskogo jezyka''' |- align="center" style="height:2.5em;" | style="font-size: 1.4em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{-|'''A a'''}} | style="font-size: 1.4em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{-|'''Ä ä'''}} | style="font-size: 1.4em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{-|'''B b'''}} | style="font-size: 1.4em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{-|'''C c'''}} | style="font-size: 1.4em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{-|'''Ç ç'''}} | style="font-size: 1.4em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{-|'''D d'''}} | style="font-size: 1.4em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{-|'''E e'''}} | style="font-size: 1.4em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{-|'''G g'''}} |- | style="font-size: 1.2em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{MFA|ɑ}} | style="font-size: 1.2em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{MFA|æ}} | style="font-size: 1.2em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{MFA|b}} | style="font-size: 1.2em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{MFA|d͡ʒ}} | style="font-size: 1.2em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{MFA|t͡ʃ}} | style="font-size: 1.2em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{MFA|d}} | style="font-size: 1.2em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{MFA|e}} | style="font-size: 1.2em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{MFA|gʲ}} |- | style="font-size: 1.4em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{-|'''Ğ ğ'''}} | style="font-size: 1.4em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{-|'''H h'''}} | style="font-size: 1.4em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{-|'''I ı'''}} | style="font-size: 1.4em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{-|'''İ i'''}} | style="font-size: 1.4em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{-|'''J j'''}} | style="font-size: 1.4em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{-|'''K k'''}} | style="font-size: 1.4em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{-|'''L l'''}} | style="font-size: 1.4em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{-|'''M m'''}} |- | style="font-size: 1.2em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{MFA|ɣ}} | style="font-size: 1.2em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{MFA|χ}} | style="font-size: 1.2em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{MFA|ɯ}} | style="font-size: 1.2em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{MFA|i}} | style="font-size: 1.2em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{MFA|ʒ}} | style="font-size: 1.2em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{MFA|kʲ}} | style="font-size: 1.2em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{MFA|ɫ, lʲ}} | style="font-size: 1.2em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{MFA|m}} |- | style="font-size: 1.4em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{-|'''N n'''}} | style="font-size: 1.4em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{-|'''ñ'''}} | style="font-size: 1.4em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{-|'''O o'''}} | style="font-size: 1.4em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{-|'''Ö ö'''}} | style="font-size: 1.4em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{-|'''P p'''}} | style="font-size: 1.4em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{-|'''Q q'''}} | style="font-size: 1.4em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{-|'''R r'''}} | style="font-size: 1.4em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{-|'''S s'''}} |- | style="font-size: 1.2em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{MFA|n}} | style="font-size: 1.2em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{MFA|ŋ}} | style="font-size: 1.2em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{MFA|o}} | style="font-size: 1.2em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{MFA|ø}} | style="font-size: 1.2em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{MFA|p}} | style="font-size: 1.2em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{MFA|q}} | style="font-size: 1.2em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{MFA|r}} | style="font-size: 1.2em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{MFA|s}} |- | style="font-size: 1.4em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{-|'''Ş ş'''}} | style="font-size: 1.4em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{-|'''T t'''}} | style="font-size: 1.4em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{-|'''U u'''}} | style="font-size: 1.4em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{-|'''Ü ü'''}} | style="font-size: 1.4em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{-|'''W w'''}} | style="font-size: 1.4em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{-|'''X x'''}} | style="font-size: 1.4em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{-|'''Y y'''}} | style="font-size: 1.4em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{-|'''Z z'''}} |- | style="font-size: 1.2em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{MFA|ʃ}} | style="font-size: 1.2em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{MFA|t}} | style="font-size: 1.2em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{MFA|u}} | style="font-size: 1.2em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{MFA|ү}} | style="font-size: 1.2em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{MFA|w}} | style="font-size: 1.2em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{MFA|x}} | style="font-size: 1.2em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{MFA|j}} | style="font-size: 1.2em; width: 10%; font-family: serif;" | {{MFA|z}} |} == Priklad teksta == === {{-|Türk birligi maqtaw yırı}} (Himn turkijskogo jedinstva) === {| width=100% |- | valign=top | <poem> {{-|Ata-yurtum – çeksiz Turan, Bayraq tikken Türk babam. Altay, İdil, Qırım, Turfan, Toğup-ösken bizim Watan - Ulu Watan! Naqaratı: İleri, birlik yolğa, Er Türkniñ batır oğulları, Yaşa, mengi yaşa, Yañarıp, büyükte Turan eli!}} </poem> | valign=top | <poem> {{-|Bütün türk birligi uçun, Babalarnıñ uzat işin. Birlik bayraq biyik tursun. Türklerni dunya bilsin, körsün küçün! Naqaratı}} </poem> | valign=top | <poem> {{-|Yardım bizge – Kök Tanrı! Ruhları qağanlarnıñ. Tonuköktey aqıllılarnıñ, Eli uçun tökken terin, qızıl qanın. Naqaratı}} </poem> | valign=top | <poem> {{-|Küç alayıq tuwğan yerden, Kökten sewgen altın künde, Yaratılğanmız taş-temirden, Bolsun mengi yeñiş biz bile, yeñiş biz bile! Naqaratı}}<ref>{{Cite web | url = http://m.vk.com/club54783595 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140705153336/http://m.vk.com/club54783595 | archive-date = 2014-07-05 | title = Гимн тюркского единства | website = VKontakte | date = 2014-05-31}}</ref> </poem> |} == Iztočniky == {{Iztočniky}} == Literatura == * {{Cite book | first1 = Бахтиёр Раҳмон ўғли | last1 = Каримов | first2 = Шоаҳмад Шоназар ўғли | last2 = Муталов | title = Ўртатурк тили | url = https://namdu.uz/media/Books/pdf/2024/12/20/NamDU-ARM-14864-Ўртатурк_тили.pdf | place = Ташкент | publisher = Меҳнат | year = 1992 | language = uz | isbn = 5824409757}} * {{Cite web | first1 = B.R. | last1 = Karimov | first2 = Sh.sh. | last2 = Mutalov | title = Averaged languages: an attempt to solve the world language problem | url = http://www.turklang.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/AVERAGED-LANGUAGES.pdf | archive-url = http://web.archive.org/web/20241205111836/www.turklang.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/AVERAGED-LANGUAGES.pdf | archive-date = 2024-12-05 | access-date = 2025-08-03 | language = en}} * {{Cite book | first = В.А. | last = Миреев | title = Öztürk tili – Язык «Озьтюрк» | year = 2023 | place = Шымкент | publisher = Издательство «ИП Лесов» | language = ru | isbn = 9786017678555 | url = https://vk.com/doc704697_674821831?hash=hfVe94wz3XS5CI1jLX4zUqHKjmsUg4xpLebLLsSeLRz}} == Vněšnje linky == {| class="wikitable" align="right" style="width:250px; margin-left:1em;" |- ! Poslušajte na YouTube! |- | align=center | [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UjUDMNqwQ2Y ''{{-|Ortatürk tili}}''] |} * [https://glosbe.com/ru/mis_ort Russko-srědnjeturkijsky slovnik] na {{-|Glosbe}} * [https://vk.com/ortaturkce {{-|Ortatürkçe}}] na [[VK]] * [https://vk.com/ozturkce {{-|Öztürkçe}}] na [[VK]] * [http://ambientlighter.github.io/Ortaturk/ {{-|Ortaturk programı}}] * [https://ortaturk.miraheze.org/wiki/Anasayfa Viki] {{Umětne jezyky}} [[Kategorija:Turkijske jezyky]] [[Kategorija:Umětne jezyky]] kqryg45tz1s5lo1gdwr28303ag1it6b 2 2830 45613 45524 2026-08-13T05:57:07Z Ilja isv 10 45613 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Začetok|data=July 2026}} {{-|''Under construction''}} {{Kartka narodnost | group = Kurpie | image = [[Fajl:Kurpie Zielone i Białe (mapki).png|thumb|300px|[[Kurpie Zielone]] i [[Kurpie Białe]] na mapie Polski]] | image_caption = [[Kurpie Zielone]] i [[Kurpie Białe]] na mapie Polski | regions = [[Polska]] (Kurpiowszczyzna): Mazovia, Podlasie and, to a small extent, the Warmia and Mazury region | languages = [[język polski|polski]] ([[gwara kurpiowska]]) | religions = [[katoličska crkov|katolicizm]] | related_groups = [[Polacy]] ([[Mazowszanie]]) | footnotes = |name = Kurpie |native_name = Kurpsie<br>Puszczaki<br>Puszczanie |commons = Kurpie }} '''Kurpie''' to je grupa etnografična i krajina na sěvernoj [[Poljska|Poljskě]]. Dialekt kurpiovsky ima [[Ortografija|ortografiju]] stvorjenju črěz jezykoznavca Jerzego Rubacha. Article text.{{sfn |''Popular Magazine''|1996|p=29}}<ref>{{cite magazine | magazine = Popular Magazine | title = An Article by an Anonymous Author | date = 1996 | ref = {{sfnref|Popular Magazine|1996}} }}</ref> [[Fajl:Essai sur l application.jpg|thumb|upright|Titulna stranica "{{Lang|fr|Essai sur l’application de l’analyse à la probabilité des décisions rendues à la pluralité des voix}}" markiza Kondorseta]] V [[Teorija socialnogo izbora|Teoriji socialnogo izbora]], '''Kondorsetov paradoks glasovanja''' (takože '''Kondorsetov paradoks''' ili '''paradoks Kondorseta''') jest fundamentalno odkrytje [[Marquis de Condorcet|markiza Kondorseta]] ({{Jezyky|fr|Nicolas de Condorcet}}) o tom, že [[pravilo večinstva]] jest prvonačelno [[protivrěčnost|sebe protivrěčno]]. Tuto označaje, že jest logično nemožno pri nikakoj sistemě glasovanja zabezpečiti, že poběditelj bude iměti podpor večinstva glasovateljev i libokake pokušenja osnovati proces prijetja spoločenskyh rěšenij na [[Mažoritarizm|mažoritarizmu]] muset akceptovati jego sebeprotivrěčnost, ktoru često nazyvajut [[Efekt spojlera|efektom spojlera]]. Kondorsetov paradoks jest specialnym slučajem vyše modernoj [[Teorema Arrowa o nemožlivosti|teoremy nemožlivosti {{-|Arrowa|Арроу}}]], ktora pokazyvaje, že libokaky proces spoločnogo rěšanja jest ili sebeprotivrěčnym, ili jest [[Diktatura|diktaturoju]], ili koristaje informaciju o silě prědpočitanja razlčnyh izbirateljev (napr. sistemy [[Kardinalna pomočnost|kardinalnoj pomočnosti]] ili [[Ocěnočno glasovanje|ocěnočnogo glasovanja]]). == Historija == [[Fajl:Nicolas de Condorcet.PNG|thumb|Portret markiza Kondorseta]] Kondorsetov paradoks byl vprvo odkryt [[Katalonija|katalonskym]] [[Filozofija|filozofom]] i [[Teologija|teologom]] '''[[Ramon Llull|Ramonom Ljujom]]''' ({{Jezyky|ca|Ramon Llull}}) v 13. stoljetju pri jego izslědovanjah v oblasti [[Crkovno upravjenje|crkovnogo upravjenja]], ale jego rabota byla izgubjena i najdena toliko v 21. stolětju. Francuzsky matematik i političny filozof '''Nikola de Kondorset''' jest povtorno odkryl tuty paradoks na koncu 18. stolětja v časah [[Velika francuzska revolucija|Velikoj francuzskoj revolucije]].<ref>{{cite book |author=Marquis de Condorcet |author-link=Marquis de Condorcet |url=http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k417181 |title=Essai sur l'application de l'analyse à la probabilité des décisions rendues à la pluralité des voix |year=1785 |language=fr |format=PNG |access-date=2008-03-10}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Condorcet |first1=Jean-Antoine-Nicolas de Caritat |title=The political theory of Condorcet |last2=Sommerlad |first2=Fiona |last3=McLean |first3=Iain |date=1989-01-01 |publisher=University of Oxford, Faculty of Social Studies |location=Oxford |pages=69–80, 152–166 |oclc=20408445 |quote=Clearly, if anyone's vote was self-contradictory (having cyclic preferences), it would have to be discounted, and we should therefore establish a form of voting which makes such absurdities impossible}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gehrlein |first=William V. |year=2002 |title=Condorcet's paradox and the likelihood of its occurrence: different perspectives on balanced preferences* |journal=Theory and Decision |volume=52 |issue=2 |pages=171–199 |doi=10.1023/A:1015551010381 |issn=0040-5833 |s2cid=118143928 |quote=Here, Condorcet notes that we have a 'contradictory system' that represents what has come to be known as Condorcet's Paradox.}}</ref> == Sučnost paradoksa== Jednim iz zakladnyh domyslov v [[Ekonomika|ekonomikě]] i v [[Teorija dělanja rěšenij|teoriji dělanja rěšenij]] jest to, že individy — či "agenty", kako jih često nazyvajut, — postupajut [[Racionalnost|racionalno]]. Tuto osoblivo označaje, že jih prědnosti что их prědpočitanja podredžajut se oprěděljennym intuitivno razumlivym svojstvam, nazyvanym [[Aksioma|aksiomami]]. Napriklad, jestli agent prědpočitaje {{-|A}} nad {{-|B}} (možemo zapisati kako {{-|A > B}}) i {{-|B}} nad {{-|C}} ({{-|B > C}}), prirodno — i racionalno — jest prědpokladati, že on takože prědpočitaje {{-|A}} nad {{-|C (A > C)}}: tuto jest ''aksioma tranzitivnosti''. Ale to, čto jest věrno na individualnom uravnju, neočekyvano stavaje se duže menje očevidnym na kolektivnom uravnju. Vkogda několiko agentov dělajut rěšenje spoločno, jihne spoločne prědpočitanja mogut narušati tute prirodne principy, privodeči k neočekivanym ili daže absurdnym rezultatam. Imenno tut vznikajut velike paradoksy glasovanja i socialnogo izbora.<ref name="Charpentier">{{Cite journal|first =Arthur|last= Charpentier| title = When voting becomes paradoxical Condorcet, Arrow, and democracy| year = 2025|url = https://hal.science/hal-05149025v1/file/votes_AC_2025.pdf|journal=Archive ouverte HAL|id=05149025}}</ref> == Priměr== Obvažimo najprosty slučaj: izbor medžu trema alternativami či trema kandidaty v uslovjah spoločnogo glasovanja. Prědstavimo sobě, že v dělanju rěšenja učestvujuje 60 izbirateljev — kruglo čislo jest izbrano za naglednost. Prědpokladajemo, že suglasno hipotezě racilonalnosti každy izbiratelj može rediti kandidatov suglasno svojim prěpočitanjam. Napriklad, ako li izbiratelj prědpočitaje gospodžu Nožicovu (N) gospodži Papirovoj (P), a gospodžu Papirovu — gospodinu Kamennomu (K), po logikě věčij on musi prědpočitati gospodžu Nožicovu gospodinu Kamennomu. Tako, individualne prědpočitanja slědujut tranzitivnomu redu i mogut byti prědstavjene jednim iz šesti možlivyh porědkov treh kandidatov. Tute šest redov prědpočitanij sut ukazane v tabelě poniž zajedno s čestotoju strěčanja poredkov u 60 izbirateljev.<ref name="Charpentier"/> {| class="wikitable" |+Čestoty, svezane s šestju variantami reda prědpočitanij srěd 60 izbirateljev ! colspan="4" | !K > N !K > P !P > N !P > K !N > K !N > P |- |'''K > N > P''' |''':''' |13 | |13 |13 | | | |13 |- |'''K > P > N''' |''':''' |10 | |10 |10 |10 | | | |- |'''N > K > P''' |''':''' |6 | | |6 | | |6 |6 |- |'''N > P > K''' |''':''' |8 | | | | |8 |8 |8 |- |'''P > N > K''' |''':''' |6 | | | |6 |6 |6 | |- |'''P > K > N''' |''':''' |17 | |17 | |17 |17 | | |- | colspan="4" | |'''40''' |'''29''' |'''33''' |'''31''' |'''20''' |'''27''' |} Markiz de Kondorset jest prědložil strategiju glasovanja, osnovanu na vslědnyh "duelah" medžu kandidatami: každy izbor provodžaje se věčinstvom glasov, po dva, kako v turniru. Priměnjajuči tutu metodu k našemu priměru, početkovo sravnivajemo g-džu Papirovu i g-na Kamennogo: g-dža Papirova izygryvaje s rezultatom 31 glas protiv 29. Vo vtoroj dueli g-n Kamenny pobědžaje g-džu Nožicovu (40 protiv 20), ale v rezultatu g-dža Nožicova izygryvaje nad g-džoju Papirovoju (33 protiv 27). Inymi slovami, každy kandidat pobědžaje jednogo iz supernikov, ale pri tom proigryvaje tretjemu: ni jedin iz variantov ne izhodi poběditeljem vo vseh duelah. Tuto javjenje, znajemo kako cikl Kondorseta, posvědčaje o logičnoj patovoj situaciji: hoti izbiratelji odděljno sebe dějstvujut racionalno, jihne kolektivne prědpočitanja stavajut se protivrečnymi. Tuty priměr napominaje igru "kamenj - nožice - papir", vo ktoroj "kamenj" pobědžaje "nožice", "nožice" pobědžajut "papir", a "papir" pobědžaje "kamenj". Ni jedna strategija ne dominuje i najlěpši variant — čisty slučaj. V [[Teorija igr|teoriji igr]] "kamenj - nožice - papir" jest simbolom sistem, vo ktoryh každy izbor može byti kako poběditeljem, tako i proigrancem, v zavisnosti na kontekstu. Nespokojno jest to, že [[demokracija]], v oprěděljenyh konfiguracijah slěduje podobnoj logikě: ni jedin iz variantov ne prěvažaje prirodnym putom, i rezultat vpolno zavisi na metodě, upotrěbjenoj za dělanje rěšenja. Odkrytje Kondorseta označaje, že on, věrodostojno, jest izjevil kljčny naslědok vyše širokoj [[Teorema Arrowa o nemožlivosti|teoremy nemožlivosti {{-|Arrowa|Арроу}}]],ale pri vyše strogyh uslovjah: cikly Kondorseta privodet k situacijam, kogda libokaka sistema glasovanja s uporedenjem, [[Teorema Maja|uvažajuča věčinstvo glasov]], neizběžno privodi k "[[Efekt spojlera|efektu spojlera]]" Paradoks Kondorseta kako slučaj teoremy {{-|Arrowa|Арроу}} ubědžajuče pokazyvaje, že daže v idealno čestnoj, racionalnoj i informovanoj spoločnosti jest nemožlivo prětvariti prědpočitanja individov v spoločny izbor, ktory by byl spravědlivym, doslědnym i universalnym. Ale, v pravilnoj perspektive tuty paradoks ne osudžaje demokraciju, on pomagaje lěpje pojeti jej ograničenja. Tuto jest peskovišče. [[File:Nihongo.svg|thumb|right|100px| 日本語 (Japonsky jezyk)]] '''Japonsky jezyk''' ({{Jezyky|ja|日本語 {{!}} にほんご}} | {{-|''Nihongo'' [nʲiho̞ŋːo̞]}}) <span class="ext-gadget-alphabet-disable"> </span> == Referencije == <div class="ext-gadget-alphabet-disable"> <references group="lower-alpha"/> {{Iztočniky}} </div> {{Prěvod|en|Japanese language|}} [[Kategorija:Jezyk]] {{Pravopis prověrjeny}} eh42xb2ksvsw2ohzmgfk3nhgdv5i6a2 45614 45613 2026-08-13T06:14:12Z Ilja isv 10 45614 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Začetok|data=July 2026}} {{-|''Under construction''}} {{Kartka narodnost | group = Kurpi | image = [[Fajl:Kurpie Zielone i Białe (mapki).png|thumb|300px|[[Zelene Kurpi]] i [[Běle Kurpi]] na mapě Polsky]] | image_caption = [[Kurpie Zielone]] i [[Kurpie Białe]] na mapie Polski | regions = [[Poljska]] ({{-|Kurpiowszczyzna}}): <br/>[[Mazověcko vojvodstvo]] <br/>[[Podlasko vojvodstvo]] | languages = [[Poljsky jezyk|Poljsky]] ([[kurpjovsko narěčje]]) | religions = [[katoličska crkov|katolicizm]] | related_groups = [[Poljaki]] ([[Mazovčani]]) | footnotes = |name = Kurpie |native_name = Kurpsie<br>Puszczaki<br>Puszczanie |commons = Kurpie }} '''Kurpi''' ({{Jezyky|pl|Kurpie}}, samonazva {{Lang|pl|Kurpsie/Puszczaki/Puszczanie}}) je etnografična grupa i krajina na sěvernoj [[Poljska|Poljskě]]. Kurpjovsky dialekt imaje [[Ortografija|ortografiju]], stvorjenu jezykoznavcem {{-|Jerzim Rubachom|Ježim Rubahom}}. Article text.{{sfn |''Popular Magazine''|1996|p=29}}<ref>{{cite magazine | magazine = Popular Magazine | title = An Article by an Anonymous Author | date = 1996 | ref = {{sfnref|Popular Magazine|1996}} }}</ref> [[Fajl:Essai sur l application.jpg|thumb|upright|Titulna stranica "{{Lang|fr|Essai sur l’application de l’analyse à la probabilité des décisions rendues à la pluralité des voix}}" markiza Kondorseta]] V [[Teorija socialnogo izbora|Teoriji socialnogo izbora]], '''Kondorsetov paradoks glasovanja''' (takože '''Kondorsetov paradoks''' ili '''paradoks Kondorseta''') jest fundamentalno odkrytje [[Marquis de Condorcet|markiza Kondorseta]] ({{Jezyky|fr|Nicolas de Condorcet}}) o tom, že [[pravilo večinstva]] jest prvonačelno [[protivrěčnost|sebe protivrěčno]]. Tuto označaje, že jest logično nemožno pri nikakoj sistemě glasovanja zabezpečiti, že poběditelj bude iměti podpor večinstva glasovateljev i libokake pokušenja osnovati proces prijetja spoločenskyh rěšenij na [[Mažoritarizm|mažoritarizmu]] muset akceptovati jego sebeprotivrěčnost, ktoru često nazyvajut [[Efekt spojlera|efektom spojlera]]. Kondorsetov paradoks jest specialnym slučajem vyše modernoj [[Teorema Arrowa o nemožlivosti|teoremy nemožlivosti {{-|Arrowa|Арроу}}]], ktora pokazyvaje, že libokaky proces spoločnogo rěšanja jest ili sebeprotivrěčnym, ili jest [[Diktatura|diktaturoju]], ili koristaje informaciju o silě prědpočitanja razlčnyh izbirateljev (napr. sistemy [[Kardinalna pomočnost|kardinalnoj pomočnosti]] ili [[Ocěnočno glasovanje|ocěnočnogo glasovanja]]). == Historija == [[Fajl:Nicolas de Condorcet.PNG|thumb|Portret markiza Kondorseta]] Kondorsetov paradoks byl vprvo odkryt [[Katalonija|katalonskym]] [[Filozofija|filozofom]] i [[Teologija|teologom]] '''[[Ramon Llull|Ramonom Ljujom]]''' ({{Jezyky|ca|Ramon Llull}}) v 13. stoljetju pri jego izslědovanjah v oblasti [[Crkovno upravjenje|crkovnogo upravjenja]], ale jego rabota byla izgubjena i najdena toliko v 21. stolětju. Francuzsky matematik i političny filozof '''Nikola de Kondorset''' jest povtorno odkryl tuty paradoks na koncu 18. stolětja v časah [[Velika francuzska revolucija|Velikoj francuzskoj revolucije]].<ref>{{cite book |author=Marquis de Condorcet |author-link=Marquis de Condorcet |url=http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k417181 |title=Essai sur l'application de l'analyse à la probabilité des décisions rendues à la pluralité des voix |year=1785 |language=fr |format=PNG |access-date=2008-03-10}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Condorcet |first1=Jean-Antoine-Nicolas de Caritat |title=The political theory of Condorcet |last2=Sommerlad |first2=Fiona |last3=McLean |first3=Iain |date=1989-01-01 |publisher=University of Oxford, Faculty of Social Studies |location=Oxford |pages=69–80, 152–166 |oclc=20408445 |quote=Clearly, if anyone's vote was self-contradictory (having cyclic preferences), it would have to be discounted, and we should therefore establish a form of voting which makes such absurdities impossible}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gehrlein |first=William V. |year=2002 |title=Condorcet's paradox and the likelihood of its occurrence: different perspectives on balanced preferences* |journal=Theory and Decision |volume=52 |issue=2 |pages=171–199 |doi=10.1023/A:1015551010381 |issn=0040-5833 |s2cid=118143928 |quote=Here, Condorcet notes that we have a 'contradictory system' that represents what has come to be known as Condorcet's Paradox.}}</ref> == Sučnost paradoksa== Jednim iz zakladnyh domyslov v [[Ekonomika|ekonomikě]] i v [[Teorija dělanja rěšenij|teoriji dělanja rěšenij]] jest to, že individy — či "agenty", kako jih često nazyvajut, — postupajut [[Racionalnost|racionalno]]. Tuto osoblivo označaje, že jih prědnosti что их prědpočitanja podredžajut se oprěděljennym intuitivno razumlivym svojstvam, nazyvanym [[Aksioma|aksiomami]]. Napriklad, jestli agent prědpočitaje {{-|A}} nad {{-|B}} (možemo zapisati kako {{-|A > B}}) i {{-|B}} nad {{-|C}} ({{-|B > C}}), prirodno — i racionalno — jest prědpokladati, že on takože prědpočitaje {{-|A}} nad {{-|C (A > C)}}: tuto jest ''aksioma tranzitivnosti''. Ale to, čto jest věrno na individualnom uravnju, neočekyvano stavaje se duže menje očevidnym na kolektivnom uravnju. Vkogda několiko agentov dělajut rěšenje spoločno, jihne spoločne prědpočitanja mogut narušati tute prirodne principy, privodeči k neočekivanym ili daže absurdnym rezultatam. Imenno tut vznikajut velike paradoksy glasovanja i socialnogo izbora.<ref name="Charpentier">{{Cite journal|first =Arthur|last= Charpentier| title = When voting becomes paradoxical Condorcet, Arrow, and democracy| year = 2025|url = https://hal.science/hal-05149025v1/file/votes_AC_2025.pdf|journal=Archive ouverte HAL|id=05149025}}</ref> == Priměr== Obvažimo najprosty slučaj: izbor medžu trema alternativami či trema kandidaty v uslovjah spoločnogo glasovanja. Prědstavimo sobě, že v dělanju rěšenja učestvujuje 60 izbirateljev — kruglo čislo jest izbrano za naglednost. Prědpokladajemo, že suglasno hipotezě racilonalnosti každy izbiratelj može rediti kandidatov suglasno svojim prěpočitanjam. Napriklad, ako li izbiratelj prědpočitaje gospodžu Nožicovu (N) gospodži Papirovoj (P), a gospodžu Papirovu — gospodinu Kamennomu (K), po logikě věčij on musi prědpočitati gospodžu Nožicovu gospodinu Kamennomu. Tako, individualne prědpočitanja slědujut tranzitivnomu redu i mogut byti prědstavjene jednim iz šesti možlivyh porědkov treh kandidatov. Tute šest redov prědpočitanij sut ukazane v tabelě poniž zajedno s čestotoju strěčanja poredkov u 60 izbirateljev.<ref name="Charpentier"/> {| class="wikitable" |+Čestoty, svezane s šestju variantami reda prědpočitanij srěd 60 izbirateljev ! colspan="4" | !K > N !K > P !P > N !P > K !N > K !N > P |- |'''K > N > P''' |''':''' |13 | |13 |13 | | | |13 |- |'''K > P > N''' |''':''' |10 | |10 |10 |10 | | | |- |'''N > K > P''' |''':''' |6 | | |6 | | |6 |6 |- |'''N > P > K''' |''':''' |8 | | | | |8 |8 |8 |- |'''P > N > K''' |''':''' |6 | | | |6 |6 |6 | |- |'''P > K > N''' |''':''' |17 | |17 | |17 |17 | | |- | colspan="4" | |'''40''' |'''29''' |'''33''' |'''31''' |'''20''' |'''27''' |} Markiz de Kondorset jest prědložil strategiju glasovanja, osnovanu na vslědnyh "duelah" medžu kandidatami: každy izbor provodžaje se věčinstvom glasov, po dva, kako v turniru. Priměnjajuči tutu metodu k našemu priměru, početkovo sravnivajemo g-džu Papirovu i g-na Kamennogo: g-dža Papirova izygryvaje s rezultatom 31 glas protiv 29. Vo vtoroj dueli g-n Kamenny pobědžaje g-džu Nožicovu (40 protiv 20), ale v rezultatu g-dža Nožicova izygryvaje nad g-džoju Papirovoju (33 protiv 27). Inymi slovami, každy kandidat pobědžaje jednogo iz supernikov, ale pri tom proigryvaje tretjemu: ni jedin iz variantov ne izhodi poběditeljem vo vseh duelah. Tuto javjenje, znajemo kako cikl Kondorseta, posvědčaje o logičnoj patovoj situaciji: hoti izbiratelji odděljno sebe dějstvujut racionalno, jihne kolektivne prědpočitanja stavajut se protivrečnymi. Tuty priměr napominaje igru "kamenj - nožice - papir", vo ktoroj "kamenj" pobědžaje "nožice", "nožice" pobědžajut "papir", a "papir" pobědžaje "kamenj". Ni jedna strategija ne dominuje i najlěpši variant — čisty slučaj. V [[Teorija igr|teoriji igr]] "kamenj - nožice - papir" jest simbolom sistem, vo ktoryh každy izbor može byti kako poběditeljem, tako i proigrancem, v zavisnosti na kontekstu. Nespokojno jest to, že [[demokracija]], v oprěděljenyh konfiguracijah slěduje podobnoj logikě: ni jedin iz variantov ne prěvažaje prirodnym putom, i rezultat vpolno zavisi na metodě, upotrěbjenoj za dělanje rěšenja. Odkrytje Kondorseta označaje, že on, věrodostojno, jest izjevil kljčny naslědok vyše širokoj [[Teorema Arrowa o nemožlivosti|teoremy nemožlivosti {{-|Arrowa|Арроу}}]],ale pri vyše strogyh uslovjah: cikly Kondorseta privodet k situacijam, kogda libokaka sistema glasovanja s uporedenjem, [[Teorema Maja|uvažajuča věčinstvo glasov]], neizběžno privodi k "[[Efekt spojlera|efektu spojlera]]" Paradoks Kondorseta kako slučaj teoremy {{-|Arrowa|Арроу}} ubědžajuče pokazyvaje, že daže v idealno čestnoj, racionalnoj i informovanoj spoločnosti jest nemožlivo prětvariti prědpočitanja individov v spoločny izbor, ktory by byl spravědlivym, doslědnym i universalnym. Ale, v pravilnoj perspektive tuty paradoks ne osudžaje demokraciju, on pomagaje lěpje pojeti jej ograničenja. Tuto jest peskovišče. [[File:Nihongo.svg|thumb|right|100px| 日本語 (Japonsky jezyk)]] '''Japonsky jezyk''' ({{Jezyky|ja|日本語 {{!}} にほんご}} | {{-|''Nihongo'' [nʲiho̞ŋːo̞]}}) <span class="ext-gadget-alphabet-disable"> </span> == Referencije == <div class="ext-gadget-alphabet-disable"> <references group="lower-alpha"/> {{Iztočniky}} </div> {{Prěvod|en|Japanese language|}} [[Kategorija:Jezyk]] {{Pravopis prověrjeny}} stkrt3dd4fcwux5gqgleojpzcs2341c 45619 45614 2026-08-13T06:33:16Z Ilja isv 10 Sodržanje zaměnjeno na «{{Začetok|data=July 2026}} {{-|''Under construction''}} Article text.{{sfn |''Popular Magazine''|1996|p=29}}<ref>{{cite magazine | magazine = Popular Magazine | title = An Article by an Anonymous Author | date = 1996 | ref = {{sfnref|Popular Magazine|1996}} }}</ref> Tuto jest peskovišče. [[File:Nihongo.svg|thumb|right|100px| 日本語 (Japonsky jezyk)]] '''Japonsky jezyk''' ({{Jezyky|ja|日本語 {{!}} にほんご}} | {{-|''Nihongo'' [nʲiho̞ŋːo̞]}})...» 45619 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Začetok|data=July 2026}} {{-|''Under construction''}} Article text.{{sfn |''Popular Magazine''|1996|p=29}}<ref>{{cite magazine | magazine = Popular Magazine | title = An Article by an Anonymous Author | date = 1996 | ref = {{sfnref|Popular Magazine|1996}} }}</ref> Tuto jest peskovišče. [[File:Nihongo.svg|thumb|right|100px| 日本語 (Japonsky jezyk)]] '''Japonsky jezyk''' ({{Jezyky|ja|日本語 {{!}} にほんご}} | {{-|''Nihongo'' [nʲiho̞ŋːo̞]}}) <span class="ext-gadget-alphabet-disable"> </span> == Referencije == <div class="ext-gadget-alphabet-disable"> <references group="lower-alpha"/> {{Iztočniky}} </div> {{Prěvod|en|Japanese language|}} [[Kategorija:Jezyk]] {{Pravopis prověrjeny}} 4u5cpb6xto22d4saqdcm4o7bc309ym9 2 4595 45606 44175 2026-08-13T01:33:41Z Polda18 18 /* Razvivanje šablonov */ pěskovišče 6 45606 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Koristnik:Polda18/zaglavje}} Tuta stranica jest pěskovišče dlja razvivanja šablonov. Tutčas tu ono jest 6 pěskovišč dlja pravok. Ja jesm izbral metodu [[#Kolory (semafor)|semafora]] dlja indikacije dostupnosti pěskovišča. == Razvivanje šablonov == {| class="wikitable plainlinks" style="width: 100%;" ! style="background-color: #ffcccc;" | [[/Pěskovišče 1/]] ! style="background-color: #ffcccc;" | [[/Pěskovišče 2/]] ! style="background-color: #ffcccc;" | [[/Pěskovišče 3/]] ! style="background-color: #ffcccc;" | [[/Pěskovišče 4/]] ! style="background-color: #ffcccc;" | [[/Pěskovišče 5/]] ! style="background-color: #ffcccc;" | [[/Pěskovišče 6/]] |- | [{{fullurl:Koristnik:Polda18/Pěskovišče/Šablony/Pěskovišče 1|action=edit&oldid=27401&summary=Izčrknutje%20pěskovišča}} Izčrknuti pěskovišče] | [{{fullurl:Koristnik:Polda18/Pěskovišče/Šablony/Pěskovišče 2|action=edit&oldid=27402&summary=Izčrknutje%20pěskovišča}} Izčrknuti pěskovišče] | [{{fullurl:Koristnik:Polda18/Pěskovišče/Šablony/Pěskovišče 3|action=edit&oldid=27403&summary=Izčrknutje%20pěskovišča}} Izčrknuti pěskovišče] | [{{fullurl:Koristnik:Polda18/Pěskovišče/Šablony/Pěskovišče 4|action=edit&oldid=27404&summary=Izčrknutje%20pěskovišča}} Izčrknuti pěskovišče] | [{{fullurl:Koristnik:Polda18/Pěskovišče/Šablony/Pěskovišče 5|action=edit&oldid=27405&summary=Izčrknutje%20pěskovišča}} Izčrknuti pěskovišče] | [{{fullurl:Koristnik:Polda18/Pěskovišče/Šablony/Pěskovišče 6|action=edit&oldid=27406&summary=Izčrknutje%20pěskovišča}} Izčrknuti pěskovišče] |- | [[/Pěskovišče 1/zapisky|Zapisky]] <nowiki>[X]</nowiki> | [[/Pěskovišče 2/zapisky|Zapisky]] <nowiki>[X]</nowiki> | [[/Pěskovišče 3/zapisky|Zapisky]] <nowiki>[X]</nowiki> | [[/Pěskovišče 4/zapisky|Zapisky]] <nowiki>[X]</nowiki> | [[/Pěskovišče 5/zapisky|Zapisky]] <nowiki>[X]</nowiki> | [[/Pěskovišče 6/zapisky|Zapisky]] <nowiki>[X]</nowiki> |- | [[/Pěskovišče 1/Dokumentacija|Dokumentacija]] [[{{fullurl:Koristnik:Polda18/Pěskovišče/Šablony/Pěskovišče 1/Dokumentacija|action=edit&oldid=36993&summary=Izčrknutje%20pěskovišča}} X]] | [[/Pěskovišče 2/Dokumentacija|Dokumentacija]] [[{{fullurl:Koristnik:Polda18/Pěskovišče/Šablony/Pěskovišče 2/Dokumentacija|action=edit&oldid=36992&summary=Izčrknutje%20pěskovišča}} X]] | [[/Pěskovišče 3/Dokumentacija|Dokumentacija]] [[{{fullurl:Koristnik:Polda18/Pěskovišče/Šablony/Pěskovišče 3/Dokumentacija|action=edit&oldid=36994&summary=Izčrknutje%20pěskovišča}} X]] | [[/Pěskovišče 4/Dokumentacija|Dokumentacija]] [[{{fullurl:Koristnik:Polda18/Pěskovišče/Šablony/Pěskovišče 4/Dokumentacija|action=edit&oldid=36995&summary=Izčrknutje%20pěskovišča}} X]] | [[/Pěskovišče 5/Dokumentacija|Dokumentacija]] [[{{fullurl:Koristnik:Polda18/Pěskovišče/Šablony/Pěskovišče 5/Dokumentacija|action=edit&oldid=36996&summary=Izčrknutje%20pěskovišča}} X]] | [[/Pěskovišče 6/Dokumentacija|Dokumentacija]] [[{{fullurl:Koristnik:Polda18/Pěskovišče/Šablony/Pěskovišče 6/Dokumentacija|action=edit&oldid=36997&summary=Izčrknutje%20pěskovišča}} X]] |} == [[/Zapisky/]] == Zapisky dlja jedinstvenyh izdanyh šablonovov gledeči na něktore aspekty (napriměr propozicija funkcij, priměnjenje modulov ipod.) == Kolory (semafor) == ; <code style="background-color: #ffcccc;">#ffcccc</code> : Pěskovišče sodrživa aktivno razvivany šablon (čitajte zapisky pěskovišča dlja veče informacije) ; <code style="background-color: #ffffcc;">#ffffcc</code> : Razvivany šablon jest skoro gotovy, samo potrěbuje jedino drobne pravky ili popravky (čitajte zapisky pěskovišča dlja veče informacije) ; <code style="background-color: #ccffcc;">#ccffcc</code> : Pěskovišče jest vakantno 8m8ypfqprlhqsna3vrf70o3c53tnpya 45609 45606 2026-08-13T01:45:18Z Polda18 18 /* Razvivanje šablonov */ pěskovišče 3 jest vakantno 45609 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Koristnik:Polda18/zaglavje}} Tuta stranica jest pěskovišče dlja razvivanja šablonov. Tutčas tu ono jest 6 pěskovišč dlja pravok. Ja jesm izbral metodu [[#Kolory (semafor)|semafora]] dlja indikacije dostupnosti pěskovišča. == Razvivanje šablonov == {| class="wikitable plainlinks" style="width: 100%;" ! style="background-color: #ffcccc;" | [[/Pěskovišče 1/]] ! style="background-color: #ffcccc;" | [[/Pěskovišče 2/]] ! style="background-color: #ccffcc;" | [[/Pěskovišče 3/]] ! style="background-color: #ffcccc;" | [[/Pěskovišče 4/]] ! style="background-color: #ffcccc;" | [[/Pěskovišče 5/]] ! style="background-color: #ffcccc;" | [[/Pěskovišče 6/]] |- | [{{fullurl:Koristnik:Polda18/Pěskovišče/Šablony/Pěskovišče 1|action=edit&oldid=27401&summary=Izčrknutje%20pěskovišča}} Izčrknuti pěskovišče] | [{{fullurl:Koristnik:Polda18/Pěskovišče/Šablony/Pěskovišče 2|action=edit&oldid=27402&summary=Izčrknutje%20pěskovišča}} Izčrknuti pěskovišče] | [{{fullurl:Koristnik:Polda18/Pěskovišče/Šablony/Pěskovišče 3|action=edit&oldid=27403&summary=Izčrknutje%20pěskovišča}} Izčrknuti pěskovišče] | [{{fullurl:Koristnik:Polda18/Pěskovišče/Šablony/Pěskovišče 4|action=edit&oldid=27404&summary=Izčrknutje%20pěskovišča}} Izčrknuti pěskovišče] | [{{fullurl:Koristnik:Polda18/Pěskovišče/Šablony/Pěskovišče 5|action=edit&oldid=27405&summary=Izčrknutje%20pěskovišča}} Izčrknuti pěskovišče] | [{{fullurl:Koristnik:Polda18/Pěskovišče/Šablony/Pěskovišče 6|action=edit&oldid=27406&summary=Izčrknutje%20pěskovišča}} Izčrknuti pěskovišče] |- | [[/Pěskovišče 1/zapisky|Zapisky]] <nowiki>[X]</nowiki> | [[/Pěskovišče 2/zapisky|Zapisky]] <nowiki>[X]</nowiki> | [[/Pěskovišče 3/zapisky|Zapisky]] <nowiki>[X]</nowiki> | [[/Pěskovišče 4/zapisky|Zapisky]] <nowiki>[X]</nowiki> | [[/Pěskovišče 5/zapisky|Zapisky]] <nowiki>[X]</nowiki> | [[/Pěskovišče 6/zapisky|Zapisky]] <nowiki>[X]</nowiki> |- | [[/Pěskovišče 1/Dokumentacija|Dokumentacija]] [[{{fullurl:Koristnik:Polda18/Pěskovišče/Šablony/Pěskovišče 1/Dokumentacija|action=edit&oldid=36993&summary=Izčrknutje%20pěskovišča}} X]] | [[/Pěskovišče 2/Dokumentacija|Dokumentacija]] [[{{fullurl:Koristnik:Polda18/Pěskovišče/Šablony/Pěskovišče 2/Dokumentacija|action=edit&oldid=36992&summary=Izčrknutje%20pěskovišča}} X]] | [[/Pěskovišče 3/Dokumentacija|Dokumentacija]] [[{{fullurl:Koristnik:Polda18/Pěskovišče/Šablony/Pěskovišče 3/Dokumentacija|action=edit&oldid=36994&summary=Izčrknutje%20pěskovišča}} X]] | [[/Pěskovišče 4/Dokumentacija|Dokumentacija]] [[{{fullurl:Koristnik:Polda18/Pěskovišče/Šablony/Pěskovišče 4/Dokumentacija|action=edit&oldid=36995&summary=Izčrknutje%20pěskovišča}} X]] | [[/Pěskovišče 5/Dokumentacija|Dokumentacija]] [[{{fullurl:Koristnik:Polda18/Pěskovišče/Šablony/Pěskovišče 5/Dokumentacija|action=edit&oldid=36996&summary=Izčrknutje%20pěskovišča}} X]] | [[/Pěskovišče 6/Dokumentacija|Dokumentacija]] [[{{fullurl:Koristnik:Polda18/Pěskovišče/Šablony/Pěskovišče 6/Dokumentacija|action=edit&oldid=36997&summary=Izčrknutje%20pěskovišča}} X]] |} == [[/Zapisky/]] == Zapisky dlja jedinstvenyh izdanyh šablonovov gledeči na něktore aspekty (napriměr propozicija funkcij, priměnjenje modulov ipod.) == Kolory (semafor) == ; <code style="background-color: #ffcccc;">#ffcccc</code> : Pěskovišče sodrživa aktivno razvivany šablon (čitajte zapisky pěskovišča dlja veče informacije) ; <code style="background-color: #ffffcc;">#ffffcc</code> : Razvivany šablon jest skoro gotovy, samo potrěbuje jedino drobne pravky ili popravky (čitajte zapisky pěskovišča dlja veče informacije) ; <code style="background-color: #ccffcc;">#ccffcc</code> : Pěskovišče jest vakantno eup8o90s8dsia3rqh9c2gp6rbzo5oo8 2 4607 45607 29256 2026-08-13T01:43:19Z Polda18 18 Izčrknutje pěskovišča 45607 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Koristnik:Polda18/Zaglavje pěskovišča|3|šablon}} <!-- PROSIMO! NEIZČRKNITE TUTO STRANICU BEZ PRIVOLJENJA VLASTNIKA, TAKO ŽE KORISTNIKA POLDA18 --> p8lbmft17f1n5wph5i3hebh7mjimz61 2 4773 45604 29135 2026-08-13T01:21:46Z Polda18 18 Opis 45604 wikitext text/x-wiki Pěskovišče modulov. * [[Modul:Test]] ili [[Modul:Pěskovišče]] * ''[[:cs:Modul:Test|«{{-|Modul:Test}}»]] na češskom ([[:cs:Speciální:Trvalý odkaz/25104085|revizija]] • [[:cs:Speciální:Historie/Modul:Test|spis avtorov]])'' 9o07phn9oy5y92gg0ys87yhbrebqnkg 2 5157 45608 38965 2026-08-13T01:44:44Z Polda18 18 ... 45608 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Koristnik:Polda18/Zaglavje pěskovišča|3|šablon}} by5ednuy7dmwdwvd9x1srt5xt6dsdd8 2 5268 45605 39584 2026-08-13T01:31:13Z Polda18 18 knopka 45605 wikitext text/x-wiki * Knopka ko klikanja * ''[[:cs:Šablona:Klikatelné tlačítko|«{{-|Šablona:Klikatelné tlačítko}}»]] na češskom ([[:cs:Speciální:Trvalý odkaz/18432233|revizija]] • [[:cs:Speciální:Historie/Šablona:Klikatelné tlačítko|spis avtorov]])'' m7rw41c7vbd8zwj224ldixl1sikufnk 10 5307 45595 40489 2026-08-12T23:11:30Z Polda18 18 Kategorizacija dokumentačnyh podstranic modulov 45595 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Tablička | tip = primětka | ikona = OOjs UI icon book-ltr.svg | tekst = Tuta stranica jest dokumentačna podstranica {{#switch: {{NAMESPACE}} | {{ns:Template}} = šablona | {{ns:Module}} = modula | stranice }} [[{{#switch: {{NAMESPACE}} | {{ns:Template}} = Šablon:{{{1|{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}} | {{ns:Module}} = Modul:{{{1|{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}} | {{{1|{{#if: {{NAMESPACE}} | {{NAMESPACE}}: }}{{BASEPAGENAME}} }}}}}]]. | glavica = Dokumentačna podstranica }}<noinclude>{{Dokumentacija}}</noinclude><includeonly>{{#if: {{{nocat|}}} | | {{#switch: {{NAMESPACE}} | {{ns:Template}} = [[Kategorija:Šablony:Dokumentacije šablonov]] | {{ns:Module}} = [[Kategorija:Moduly:Dokumentacije modulov]] }} }}</includeonly> m28r9emar53wl8tqfetz2yhixno8ivw 45603 45595 2026-08-13T00:59:08Z Polda18 18 skrytje tabličky (možlivo zavratiti kak to ne jest dobra pravka) 45603 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{Tablička | tip = primětka | ikona = OOjs UI icon book-ltr.svg | tekst = Tuta stranica jest dokumentačna podstranica {{#switch: {{NAMESPACE}} | {{ns:Template}} = šablona | {{ns:Module}} = modula | stranice }} [[{{#switch: {{NAMESPACE}} | {{ns:Template}} = Šablon:{{{1|{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}} | {{ns:Module}} = Modul:{{{1|{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}} | {{{1|{{#if: {{NAMESPACE}} | {{NAMESPACE}}: }}{{BASEPAGENAME}} }}}}}]]. | glavica = Dokumentačna podstranica }}</includeonly><noinclude>{{Dokumentacija}}</noinclude><includeonly>{{#if: {{{nocat|}}} | | {{#switch: {{NAMESPACE}} | {{ns:Template}} = [[Kategorija:Šablony:Dokumentacije šablonov]] | {{ns:Module}} = [[Kategorija:Moduly:Dokumentacije modulov]] }} }}</includeonly> d1f85m8num1gdhkdu9dtjxrzvntqpt3 0 5938 45568 45566 2026-08-12T12:01:06Z Ilja isv 10 45568 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kartka kompjuterna igra |obložka= |nazva = {{-|Mass Effect}} |razrabotniki={{-|[[BioWare]]}} |izdatelji={{-|[[Microsoft Game Studios]]}}, {{-|[[Electronic Arts]]}} |serija={{-|[[Mass Effect]]}} |dataizdanja={{-|[[Xbox 360]]}}: [[Severna Amerika]]: 20 novembra 2007 [[Avstralija]]: 22 novembra 2007 [[Evropejsky sojuz]]: 23 novembra 2007 {{-|[[Microsoft Windows|Windows]]}}: [[Severna Amerika]]: 28 maja 2008 [[Avstralija]]: 5 junija 2008 [[Evropejsky sojuz]]: 6 junija 2008 {{-|[[PlayStation 3]]}}: [[Severna Amerika]]: 4 dekembra 2012 [[Evropejsky sojuz]]: 7 dekembra 2012 |žanr={{-|action role-playing}} |platformy={{-|[[Xbox 360]], [[Microsoft Windows]], [[PlayStation 3]]}} |igrovy motor={{-|[[Unreal Engine 3]]}}<ref>{{Cite web| url=https://www.unrealengine.com/blog/mass-effect| title=Critically Acclaimed Mass Effect Powered by Unreal Engine 3| date=November 20, 2007| first=John| last=Gaudiosi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.gamesradar.com/mass-effect-legendary-edition-uses-unreal-engine-3-for-good-reason-according-to-the-developers/ |title=Mass Effect: Legendary Edition uses Unreal Engine 3 for good reason according to the developers |website=GamesRadar+ |date=4 February 2021 |access-date=12 October 2022 |archive-date=6 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210206190428/https://www.gamesradar.com/mass-effect-legendary-edition-uses-unreal-engine-3-for-good-reason-according-to-the-developers/ |url-status=live }}</ref> |režim igry=jedin igrač |glava=[[Casey Hudson|Kejsi Hadson]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://akamai.cdn.ea.com/eadownloads/u/f/manuals/GAME-MASSEFFECT/Manuals.zip|type=zip|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250101115505/http://akamai.cdn.ea.com/eadownloads/u/f/manuals/GAME-MASSEFFECT/Manuals.zip|archive-date=2025-01-01|access-date=2026-08-12|ref= {{sfnref|Manual|2008}}|title= Mass Effect PC Manual|year=2008 }}</ref> |gejmdizajner=Preston Wataman{{-|iu|jу}}k{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=32}} |programist=David Falkner{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=32}}<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1073668/fullcredits/?ref_=tt_cst_sm#amzn1.imdb.concept.name_credit_category.a7c2d410-e513-4bd7-85d5-73060ec46a84 Mass Effect (Video Game 2007) - Full cast & crew | Additional Crew] na {{-|[[IMDb]]}}</ref> |hudožnik=Derek Watts{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=32}}<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1073668/fullcredits/?ref_=tt_cst_sm#amzn1.imdb.concept.name_credit_category.60a44752-af76-44f7-9de0-ec51aea2180d Mass Effect (Video Game 2007) - Full cast & crew | Art Director] na {{-|[[IMDb]]}}</ref> |kompozitori=[[Jack Wall|Džek Vol]],{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=32}}<ref name=":9" /> [[Sam Hulick|Sam Hulik]],{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=32}}<ref name=":9" /> [[Richard Jacques|Rišar Žak]],{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=32}}<ref name=":9" /> David {{-|Kates|Кеjтс}}{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=32}}<ref name=":9" />|jezyky interfejsa=[[Anglijsky jezyk|anglijsky]], [[Francuzsky jezyk|francuzsky]], [[Němečsky jezyk|němečsky]], [[Špansky jezyk|špansky]], [[Italijansky jezyk|italijansky]], [[Russky jezyk|russky]], [[Poljsky jezyk|poljsky]]}} '''''{{-|Mass Effect}}''''' ({{Jezyky|isv|Efekt masy}}) — [[kompjuterna igra]] v žanru {{-|action-role-play}}, ktoru stvorila studija {{-|[[BioWare]]}} i izdala {{-|[[Microsoft Game Studios]]}} v lětu 2007.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.ign.com/articles/2007/11/19/mass-effect-review-2| date = November 19, 2007| title = Mass Effect Review| first = Erik| last = Brudvig|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161005213517/http://www.ign.com/articles/2007/11/19/mass-effect-review-2|archive-date=2016-10-05}}</ref> Je prvoju čestju [[Mass Effect|serije {{-|Mass Effect}}]]. V 2007 leto igra prišla jedino toliko na {{-|[[Xbox 360]]}}.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web| url = http://xbox360.gamespy.com/xbox-360/mass-effect/836239p1.html| title = Mass Effect| date = November 19, 2007| first = Gerald| last = Villoria|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071120143528/http://xbox360.gamespy.com/xbox-360/mass-effect/836239p1.html|archive-date=2007-11-20}}</ref> V 2008 javila se versija igry na {{-|[[Microsoft Windows|Windows]]}},<ref name=":1">{{Cite web| url = http://pc.gamespy.com/pc/bioware-rpg/877353p1.html| title = BioWare's space opera comes to PC and is still one of the greatest role-playing games we've ever played.| date = May 28, 2008| first = Gerald| last = Villoria|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080531073014/http://pc.gamespy.com/pc/bioware-rpg/877353p1.html|archive-date=2008-05-31}}</ref> v 2012 prišla versija na {{-|[[PlayStation 3]]}}.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.ign.com/articles/2012/09/26/mass-effect-trilogy-set-announced| title = Mass Effect Trilogy Set Announced| date = September 26, 2012| first = Andrew| last = Goldfarb|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120926193158/http://www.ign.com/articles/2012/09/26/mass-effect-trilogy-set-announced|archive-date=2012-09-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.gamespot.com/articles/mass-effect-trilogy-comes-to-ps3-dec-4/1100-6399374/| title = Mass Effect Trilogy comes to PS3 Dec. 4| date = November 2, 2010| first = Eddie| last = Makuch|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107221336/https://www.gamespot.com/articles/mass-effect-trilogy-comes-to-ps3-dec-4/1100-6399374/|archive-date=2017-11-07}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web| url = https://blog.bioware.com/2012/11/01/ryan-warden-an-update-on-the-mass-effect-trilogy/| title = Ryan Warden: An Update on the Mass Effect Trilogy| date = November 1, 2012|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103041035/http://blog.bioware.com/2012/11/01/ryan-warden-an-update-on-the-mass-effect-trilogy/|archive-date=2012-11-03}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web| url = https://www.ign.com/articles/2012/11/30/reminder-mass-effect-comes-to-ps3-very-soon| title = Reminder: Mass Effect Comes to PS3 Very Soon| date = November 30, 2012| first = Colin| last = Moriarty|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121203054258/http://www.ign.com/articles/2012/11/30/reminder-mass-effect-comes-to-ps3-very-soon|archive-date=2012-12-03}}</ref> Sjužet igry govori o tom, že v 22-om stoletju [[člověčstvo]] spoznalo i naučilo se rabotati s tehnologijeju svrhsvětlovyh lětanij v [[Kosmos|kosmosu]] s pomočju nekakogo nulovogo elementa, ktory obnuloval masu-težinu (toj moment vpisan je v nazvanje igry). A takože v to stolětje ljudi zakontaktovali se s inoplanetnymi civilizacijami.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=6}} Glavny heroj ili herojinja (to izbiraje igrač) igry komander Šepard dobyvaje status Spektra — specialnogo soldata na služenju galaktičnoj rady-sověta Citadely, i so svojim odredom pošeti različne mesta i zvezdne sistemy galaktiky. V 2008 lětu za igru izdali dodatny kontent pod nazvoju ''{{-|Bring Down the Sky}}'',<ref name=":10">{{Cite web| url = http://pc.gamespy.com/pc/bioware-rpg/894639p1.html| title = Free Downloadable Content Now Available for Mass Effect PC| date = July 29, 2008|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080802190447/http://pc.gamespy.com/pc/bioware-rpg/894639p1.html|archive-date=2008-08-08}}</ref> v ktorom potrebno bylo spasati planetu Tera Nova od asteroida {{-|X57}} i teroristov.<ref name=":11">{{Cite web| url = https://www.ign.com/articles/2008/02/25/mass-effect-bring-down-the-sky-interview| title = Mass Effect: Bring Down the Sky Interview| date = February 25, 2008| first = Erik| last = Brudvig|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130216182140/http://www.ign.com/articles/2008/02/25/mass-effect-bring-down-the-sky-interview|archive-date=2013-02-16}}</ref> V 2009 lětu za igru izdali dodatny kontent pod nazvoju ''{{-|Pinnacle Station}}'', ktory dodaval nekoliko zadanij, a takože možnost dobyti v nagradu apartamenty.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.eurogamer.net/me-pinnacle-station-dlc-detailed| title = New Mass Effect DLC detailed| date = August 24, 2009| first = Robert| last = Purchese|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128113544/https://www.eurogamer.net/me-pinnacle-station-dlc-detailed|archive-date=2022-11-28}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite web| url = https://gamemag.ru/news/44026/mass-effect-dopolnenie-pinnacle-station-dostupno-v-xbox-live| title = Mass Effect: Дополнение "Pinnacle Station" доступно в Xbox Live| date = August 24, 2009| last = livesaifer|lang=ru|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260731230912/https://gamemag.ru/news/44026/mass-effect-dopolnenie-pinnacle-station-dostupno-v-xbox-live|archive-date=2026-07-31}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.gamespot.com/articles/new-mass-effect-dlc-avatar-items-now-available/1100-6216123/| title = New Mass Effect DLC, avatar items now available. UPDATE Microsoft releases Pinnacle Station, a 13-mission, two-to-three-hour add-on to the popular Xbox 360 role-playing game; Mass Effect outfits hit Marketplace en masse.| date = August 25, 2009| first = Tor| last = Thorsen|lang=en}}</ref><ref name=":13">{{Cite web| url = https://www.ign.com/articles/2009/08/25/mass-effect-pinnacle-station-review| title = Mass Effect: Pinnacle Station Review| date = August 25, 2009| first = Erik| last = Brudvig|lang=en}}</ref> Dalje byli izdane igry {{-|[[Mass Effect 2]]}} v 2010 lětu i {{-|[[Mass Effect 3]]}} v 2012,<ref name=":4" /> ktore stvorili trilogiju o komanderu Šepardu. V 2021 leto igra byla obnovjena v svezku izdanja {{-|[[Mass Effect: Legendary Edition]]}}.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://news.ea.com/press-releases/press-releases-details/2021/Relive-the-Award-Winning-Space-Opera-in-Mass-Effect-Legendary-Edition-on-May-14/default.aspx| title = Relive the Award-Winning Space Opera in Mass Effect Legendary Edition on May 14| date = February 2, 2021|lang=en}}</ref> == Gejmplej == ''{{-|Mass Effect}} '' — je igra v žanru {{-|action-rpg}} za jednogo igrača, v ktoroj igrač upravjaje komanderom Šepardom ({{Jezyky|en|Commander Shepard}}) s pogledom od tretjego lica. Pred početkom igry potrebno izbrati ime igrača (ktoro na igrovy svet ne vlijaje), pol, izgled, jedin iz nekoliko variantov predhistorije, igrovy klas-specialnost. {{sfn|Manual|2008|p=7-9}} Za izbor dostupne sut 6 klasov. Každy klas imaje svoju specialnost v oružju i sposobnostah.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=8}} Igrač i učestniki odreda mogut orudovati vsakym oružjem, ale efektivnost togo zavisi od klasa i parametrov každogo.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=8}} Na kosmičnom korabu igrača dostupna je karta galaktiky, s pomočju ktoroj igrač može premeščati se po svetu. V galaktikě sut grupy-skupiny zvezd, v ktoryh sut zvezdne sistemy, v ktoryh už sut planety i kosmične stancije. Za premeščenije medžu grupami zvezd potrebno upotrebjati retranslatory masy ({{Jezyky|en|Mass-Relay}}).{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=14-15}} Kosmičny korab igrača imaje nazvu "Normandija" ({{Jezyky|en|Normandy SR-1}}) — to je esperimentalny korab, ktory stvorili naučniki Aliansa sistem ({{Jezyky|en|Systems Alliance}}) v koperacije s turianskymi ({{Jezyky|en|turians}}) specialistami. Toj korab upotrebjaje se igračem za putovanje medžu planetami i zvezdami s pomočju interaktivnoj karty. Na korabu irač može govoriti s ljudami-služebnikami koraba (medikami, inženjerami) i učestnikami svojego odreda. Na planetah i stancijah igrač izpolnjaje zadanja-operacije, kvesty i vzajemodejstvuje s {{-|NPC}}.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=10-11}} Po završenju-koncu zadanij igrač dobyvaje specialne pointy, ktore dozvoljajut razvivati sposobnosti, dobyvaje predmety za inventar. Inventar imaje razmer v 150 elementov-predmetov. Nepotrebne predmety možno prodati, utilizirovati v omni-gel, ktory je potreben za otkrytje zamkov i remonta vsekdehoda "Mako".{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=22}} Vsekdehod "Mako" možno upotrebjati na planetah za preměščenje na velike distancije i strěljbu po neprijateljam. Takože vsekdehod je pomočen na nektoryh zlyh planetah, na ktoryh okolična pogoda jest škodliva dlja odreda.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=26}} A na kosmičnyh stancijah i planetah možno kupiti različne predmety kako oružje, bronju i dodatne ulepšenja. === Bojeva sistema === Boji idut v realnom času. Igrač upravjaje Šepardom od tretjego lica. V odredu igrača takože je jedino dva personaža, ktorymi upravjaje kompjuter i ktorym može davati komandy igrač, naprimer: atakovati neprijatelja, zajeti ukrytje i tako dalje.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=16-17}} V čas boja igrač može otkryti taktično menju, ktoro stopuje igru i v ktorom možno smeniti oružje, ukazati koju sposobnost upotrebiti (kako Šepardu tako i učestnikam odreda). Každa sposobnost imaje svoju meru-vreme za obnovjene posle každogo upotrebjenja.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=16-17}} Oružje igrača ne trebuje naboja, jednako dost silna streljba može pregreti oružje i nektoro vreme nemožno bude streljati. To trebuje delati pauzu medžu streljanjem. V igrě sut 4 tipov oružja: pistolety, pompovky, vintovky, snajperske ružja i granaty.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=18-19}} Bronja takože različna: legka, sredna, težka. Vsaka bronja imaje različne specializacije i sposobnosti. Takože može byti ograničenje v zavisnosti od klasa igrača ili učestnika odreda. Takože je razlika medžu civilizacijami: ljudi i azari ({{Jezyky|en|asari}}) mogut nositi jednu bronju, turianci imajut svoju bronju, krogani ({{Jezyky|en|krogans}}) svoju.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=20-21}} Akoli gibnut učestniki odreda, to ih možno lečiti s pomočju medi-gela, akoli gibne igrač, to treba restartovati igru od poslednego shranjenja. === Dialogova sistema === Igrač izbiraje varianty za odgovor s pomočju dialogovogo kolesa ({{Jezyky|en|dialogue wheel}}).{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=10-11}} Obyčajno, ale ne vsegda, v pravoj vrhnoj straně sut rečenja heroja-paragona, a v pravoj nižnej-dolnoj straně sut rečenja odstupnika-renegata. Rečenja heroja sut sinjego cveta-kolora, a odstupnika-renegata črvenogo. V levoj straně kolesa sut varianty rečenja, ktore mogut zapytati nekojego {{-|NPC}} o predmetě govorenja. Herojske-paragonske rečenja dodajut igraču pointy heroja, a odstupničske-renegatske dajut pointy renegata. Te pointy dajut nove varianty dejanij v različne momenty igry. Te varianty mogut dati dodatnu informaciju, izbegti boja, spasti nekojego.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=24}} == Sjužet == === Igrovy svet === Dejanje tutoj igry ide v [[Mlěčny put|Mlěčnom putu]] v 22 stoletju. Človečstvo spoznalo letanja v kosmosu s pomočju nulevogo elementa i mas-retranslatorov ({{Jezyky|en|mass relays}}). Retranslatory směnšajut masu-težinu korabov do nula i s pomočju togo koraby kako by teleportujut se{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=6}}. Krome človečstva v galaktikě sut množstva drugyh inoplanetnyh civilizacij, nektora čest kojih stvorila specialny Sovět na kosmičnoj stanciji Citadel. Osnovne civilizacije sut azari ({{Jezyky|en|asari}}), turianci ({{Jezyky|en|turians}}) i salarianci ({{Jezyky|en|salarians}})<ref>{{-|[[BioWare]]}}. {{-|Mass Effect}} (2007). Igrovy Kodeks: "Inoplanetjani: Rasy v Sovetě Citadely" ({{Jezyky|en|Aliens: Council Races}}).</ref>. Nektore civilizacije sut prědstavjene na Citadelě s pomočju ambasad: volusi ({{Jezyky|en|voluses}}), hanari ({{Jezyky|en|hanars}}), elkori ({{Jezyky|en|elcors}}), a takože ljudi<ref>{{-|[[BioWare]]}}. {{-|Mass Effect}} (2007). Igrovy Kodeks: "Inoplanetjani: Rasy ne v Sovetě Citadely" ({{Jezyky|en|Aliens: Non-Council Races}}).</ref>. Takože sut nektore civilizacije, ktore živut vne Citadelskogo prostora: krogani ({{Jezyky|en|krogans}}), batarianci ({{Jezyky|en|batarians}}), kvarianci ({{Jezyky|en|quarians}}). Vse životne civilizacije v igrě imajut nazvu ''organične'', a robotove civilizacije, kako gety ({{Jezyky|en|geths}}) i Žnecy ({{Jezyky|en|Reapers}}) ''sintetične''. Člověčstvo prvy raz strětilo se s inymi civilizacijami (turiancami) v 2149 lětu i ta strěča počela se kako vojna, ktora skoro završila se. Ljudi izšli v novy sektor kosmosa s pomočju retranslatora, ale zakon Citadele ne dozvoljaje aktivirovati nerazvedane retranslatory; zamesto govorenja turianci izničtožili prve koraby ljudij i to dejanje stalo pričinoju vojny.<ref name=":17">[[BioWare]]. {{-|Mass Effect}} (2007). Igrovy Kodeks: "Človečstvo i Alians Sistem" ({{Jezyky|en|Humanity and the Systems Alliance}}).</ref> Potom človečstvo dobylo svoje město v galaktičnom sociumu posle nektoryh drugyh dejanij<ref name=":17" />. Na moment početka igry komander Šepard potreben byl stati prvym človekom Spektrom. Spektri sut specialni ljudi, u kojih administracija je Sovět Citadele<ref>{{-|[[BioWare]]}}. {{-|Mass Effect}} (2007). Igrovy Kodeks: "Citadel i Galaktičska vlada" ({{Jezyky|en|Citadel and Galactic Government}}).</ref>. === Personaži === ==== Šepard ==== Glavny personaž igry je komander Šepard ({{Jezyky|en|Shepard}}). V zavisnosti od igrača Šepard može byti žena ili muž. Standardno mužsko ime je Džon ({{Jezyky|en|John}}), a žensko Džejn ({{Jezyky|en|Jane}}). Prědhistorija Šeparda takože izbiraje se igračem: {| class="wikitable" |+Varianty biografije Šeparda{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=7-9}} ! colspan="2" |Do armije |- |Kolonist ({{Jezyky|en|colonist}}) |Dětinstvo Šeparda bylo na kolonije Mindoir. Koloniju atakovali sut piraty-rabotrgovci i ubili jegovyh roditeljev. Šeparda vzeli k sobe dozorny patrol Aliansa. Kogda Šepardu stalo 18 let, on pošel v armiju Aliansa. |- |Rodženi na Zemji ({{Jezyky|en|Earthborn}}) |Šepard byl sirota i jegovo dětinstvo prošlo v uličnyh bandah. Kogda Šepardu stalo 18 let, on pošel v armiju. |- |Kosmičnik ({{Jezyky|en|Spacer}}) |Roditelji Šeparda sut vojskovi ljudi. Vse dětinstvo Šepard byl na kosmičnyh korabah. Potom zapisal se v armiju Aliansa. |- ! colspan="2" |V čas služenja v armije |- |Heroj vojny ({{Jezyky|en|War Hero}}) |V čas služenja na člověčskoj koloniji Elizium ({{Jezyky|en|Elysium}}) bojeval protiv piratov, kojih bylo mnogo, odbivši ataku. |- |Izživši ({{Jezyky|en|Sole Survivor}}) |Na planetě Akuza ({{Jezyky|en|Akuze}}) odred Šeparda byl atakovan velikym inoplanetnym životnym i byl cělo izničtoženy. Ostal jedino Šepard. |- |Ljuty ({{Jezyky|en|Ruthless}}) |Na planetě Torfan ({{Jezyky|en|Torfan}}) Šepard izgubil 3/4 svojego odreda, ale izpolnil zadanje, a takože izničil vsih neprijatelskyh piratov-batariancev. |} Mužsky glas Šeparda dal aktor {{-|[[Mark Meer]]}}<ref name=":18">[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1073668/fullcredits/?ref_=tt_cst_sm#amzn1.imdb.concept.name_credit_group.7caf7d16-5db9-4f4f-8864-d4c6e711c686 Mass Effect (Video Game 2007) - Full cast] na [[IMDb]]</ref>. Žensky glas Šeparda dala aktrisa {{-|[[Jennifer Hale]]}}<ref name=":18" />. ==== Ekipa Normandije ==== ===== Džef Džoker Moro ===== Džef Džoker Moro ({{Jezyky|en|Jeff Joker Moreau}}) — je profesionalny pilot Normandije. Imaje veliku problemu s kostami, one sut slabe. Glas jemu dal aktor {{-|[[Seth Benjamin Gesshel Green]]}}<ref>[https://www.mobygames.com/person/266203/seth-b-green/credits/ Seth B. Green - Video Game Credits - MobyGames], "Mass Effect (2007, Xbox 360) Jeff “Joker” Moreau"</ref><ref name=":18" />. ===== Greg Adams ===== Greg Adams ({{Jezyky|en|Greg Adams}}) — je glavny inženjer Normandije. On rabotaje v inženjernoj sekciji koraba. Glas jemu dal aktor {{-|[[Roger Labon Jackson]]}}<ref>[https://www.mobygames.com/person/1179/roger-labon-jackson/credits/ Roger Labon Jackson - Video Game Credits - MobyGames], "Mass Effect (2007, Xbox 360) Additional Voices"</ref><ref name=":18" />. ===== Karin Čakvas ===== Karin Čakvas ({{Jezyky|en|Karin Chakwas}}) — je glavna doktorka Normandije. Glas jej dala aktrisa {{-|[[Carolyn Seymour]]}}<ref>[https://www.mobygames.com/person/17150/carolyn-seymour/credits/ Carolyn Seymour - Video Game Credits - MobyGames], "Mass Effect (2007, Xbox 360) Additional Voices"</ref><ref name=":18" />. ==== Osnovne učestniki odreda ==== ===== Ričard Dženkins ===== Ričard Dženkins ({{Jezyky|en|Richard L. Jenkins}}) — soldat Aliansa. Imaje klas i sposobnosti soldata. Jegovo ime i historija v igrě imaje svez s mem-personažem Lirojem Dženkinsom. Glas jemu dal aktor {{-|[[George Joshua Christian Dean]]}}<ref>[https://www.mobygames.com/person/122414/josh-dean/credits/ Josh  Dean - Video Game Credits - MobyGames], "Mass Effect (2007, Xbox 360) Additional Voices"</ref><ref name=":18" />. ===== Kajdan Alenko ===== Kajdan Alenko ({{Jezyky|en|Kaidan Alenko}}) — lejtenant-poručnik, a takože biotik. Kako igrovy personaž imaje sposobnosti-specializaciju biotika. On je vozmožny romantičsky interes Šeparda-ženy. Glas jemu dal aktor {{-|[[Raphael Sbarge]]}}<ref>[https://www.mobygames.com/person/9258/raphael-sbarge/credits/ Raphael Sbarge - Video Game Credits - MobyGames], "Mass Effect (Xbox 360) Kaidan Alenko"</ref><ref name=":18" />. ===== Ešli Viljams ===== Ešli Viljams ({{Jezyky|en|Ashley Medelin Williams}}) — kosmična pěhotnica Aliansa. Igrač strěčaje ju v prvoj misiji igry. Ona je možnym romantičskym interesom Šeparda-muža. Glas jej dala aktrisa {{-|[[Kimberly Brooks]]}}<ref name=":18" />. ===== Urdnot Reks ===== Urdnot Reks ({{Jezyky|en|Urdnot Wrex}}) — krogan-biotik. Šepard strěčaje jego na Citadeli. Reks imaje praktično obče celji s Šepardom i ide pomogati jemu. Glas jemu dal aktor {{-|[[Steven Barr]]}}<ref name=":18" />. ===== Liara T'Soni ===== Liara T'Soni ({{Jezyky|en|Liara T’Soni}}) — je azarijska naučnica, a takože biotička, koja zajmaje se ksenoarheologijeju. Šepard strěčaje ju v jednoj iz misij igry, po ktoroj ona ide pomogati jemu. Ona je možnym romantičskym interesom za Šepardov obohdvoh polov. Glas jej dala aktrisa {{-|[[Ali Hillis]]}}<ref name=":18" />. ===== Garus Vakarian ===== Garus Vakarian ({{Jezyky|en|Garrus Vakarian}}) — je turianec, ktori rabotaje v službe bezpečnosti Citadele. Posle něktoryh činov od strany administracije služby bezpečnosti Citadele on odhodi odovud i prisjedinjaje se k odredu Šeparda, daby pomogti jemu. Glas jemu dal aktor {{-|[[Brandon James Keener]]}}<ref name=":18" />. ===== Tali Zora ===== Tali Zora ({{Jezyky|en|Tali'Zorah}}) — je kvarianka-tehnička, ktora byla atakovana v čas svojego putovanja něktorymi osobami. Ona imaje něktore silne dokazy o dělah, ktore sut svezany s cěljem raboty Šeparda. Glas jej dala aktrisa {{-|[[Ash Sroka]]}}<ref name=":18" />. ==== Antagonisti ==== ===== Saren Arterius ===== Saren Arterius ({{Jezyky|en|Saren Arterius}}) — je turianec-Spektr, ktory skooperiroval se s getami zaradi někakyh svojih cěljev i jest jedin iz glavnyh antagonistov igry. Glas jemu dal aktor {{-|[[Fred Tatasciore]]}}<ref name=":18" />. == Dodatne epizody ({{-|DLC}}) == Dlja ''{{-|Mass Effect}}'' je bylo izdano 2 {{-|DLC}}: ''{{-|Bring Down the Sky}}'' v marcu 2008 lěta, ''{{-|Pinnacle Station}}'' v avgustu 2009 lěta. V 2012 leto {{-|DLC}} ''{{-|Bring Down the Sky}}'' bylo izdano za {{-|[[PlayStation 3]]}}<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" />, ale ''{{-|Pinnacle Station}}'' izdan ne byl. {| class="wikitable" style="width: 100%;" |- style="text-align: center;" ! rowspan="2" style="width:40%;" |Nazva ! colspan="3" |Data izdanja |- ! style="width:20%;" |{{-|Xbox 360}} ! style="width:20%;" |{{-|Microsoft Windows}} ! style="width:20%;" |{{-|PlayStation 3}} |- | colspan="4" bgcolor="#e6e9ff" | |- align="center" bgcolor="#f2f2f2" | * {{Jezyky|en|Bring Down the Sky}} * {{Jezyky|de|Kollisionskurs}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.eurogamer.de/mass-effect-x57-dlc-kollisionskurs|title=Mass Effect: X57 DLC: Kollisionskurs|date=2008|first=Benjamin|last=Jakobs|lang=de}}</ref><ref name=":14">[https://www.mobygames.com/game/58908/mass-effect/credits/ps3/ MobyGames | Mass Effect Credits Bring Down the Sky: Keywords International Ltd.] </ref> * {{Jezyky|pl|Bring Down the Sky}}<ref name=":14" /> * {{Jezyky|fr|Turbulences à 900 000 Pieds}}<ref name=":14" /><ref>[https://www.gamekult.com/jeux/mass-effect-turbulences-a-900-000-pieds-3010006267.html www.gamekult.com - Mass Effect : Turbulences à 900.000 pieds]</ref> * {{Jezyky|ru|Гибель с небес}}<ref>[https://piper.old-games.ru/project/snowball_ru/www.snowball.ru/me/ Snowball Studios | Mass Effect: Золотое издание] </ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=December 30, 2008 |title="Mass Effect: Гибель с небес". Качаем |url=https://www.cnews.ru/news/line/mass_effect_gibel_s_nebes_kachaem |url-status=live|language=ru}}</ref> * {{Jezyky|it|Impatto imminente}}<ref name=":14" /><ref>[https://www.xbox.com/it-IT/games/store/impatto-imminente-en/BVTTSL5Q7D24 <nowiki>Xbox.com | Impatto imminente [EN]</nowiki>]</ref> |20 marec 2008 lěta |28 maj 2008 lěta<ref name=":10" /> |4 dekembr 2012 lěta<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ixbt.games/news/ps3-versiya-mass-effect-trilogy-v-dekabre.html|title=PS3-версия Mass Effect Trilogy в декабре|date=November 2, 2012|lang=ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2012/12/10/mass-effect-ps3-review|title=Mass Effect PS3 Review|date=December 10, 2012|first=Colin|last=Moriarty|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121212174118/http://www.ign.com/articles/2012/12/10/mass-effect-ps3-review|archive-date=December 12, 2012|lang=en}}</ref> |- | colspan="4" style="border: none; vertical-align: top;" | V {{-|DLC}} jedno zadanje, v ktorom piraty-batarianci ({{Jezyky|en|batarians}}) hčut skydnuti asteroid {{-|X57}} na planetu Tera Nova ({{Jezyky|en|Terra Nova}})<ref name=":11" />. |- | colspan="4" bgcolor="#e6e9ff" | |- align="center" bgcolor="#f2f2f2" |{{Jezyky|en|Pinnacle Station}} |25 avgust 2009 lěta<ref name=":12" /> |25 avgust 2009 lěta |nema |- | colspan="4" style="border: none; vertical-align: top;" | To vtoro {{-|DLC}} dodaje trenovačnu kosmičnu stanciju. Jejny komandir je admiral Ahern ({{Jezyky|en|Tadius Ahern}}). Igrač može trenovati se na stancije v simulatoru, ktory imaje 12 scenarijev i bonusny scenarij, ktory simuliruje jedin boj iz Vojny Prvogo Kontakta ({{Jezyky|en|First Contact War}}). Akoli završiti bonusny scenarij, igrač dobyvaje v dar apartamenty na planetě Intajsej ({{Jezyky|en|Intai'sei}}), v ktoryh igrač može kupiti redke predmety za dost malu cenu, ktora je vo mnogo raz niže, neželi v magazinah<ref name=":13" />. |} == Muzika == Muzikalne kompozicije stvorjal [[Jack Wall|Džek Vol]]{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=32}}<ref name=":9">[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1073668/fullcredits/?ref_=tt_cst_sm#amzn1.imdb.concept.name_credit_category.00f5faa0-5f76-4eb5-87a1-ec8d484d1779 Mass Effect (Video Game 2007) - Full cast & crew | Composers] na {{-|[[IMDb]]}}</ref>, ktory do ''{{-|Mass Effect}}'' stvoril saundtrek dlja igry [[Jade Empire]] 2005-go lěta i ktoru takože stvorila [[BioWare]]<ref>[https://www.discogs.com/master/698381-Jack-Wall-Jade-Empire-Original-Video-Game-Soundtrack Jack Wall - Jade Empire (Original Video Game Soundtrack)] na [[Discogs]]</ref><ref>[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0455965/fullcredits/?ref_=tt_cst_sm#amzn1.imdb.concept.name_credit_category.00f5faa0-5f76-4eb5-87a1-ec8d484d1779 Jade Empire (Video Game 2005) - Full cast & crow | Composer] na {{-|[[IMDb]]}}</ref>. 20 novembra 2007-go lěta label [[Sumthing Else]] izdal album ''{{-|Mass Effect Original Game Soundtrack}}''<ref name=":5">{{Cite web| url = https://vgmdb.net/album/5380| title = Mass Effect Original Soundtrack| date = November 13, 2007|lang=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.gamesindustry.biz/sumthing-else-music-works-announces-release-of-the-mass-effect-original-soundtrack-from-the-blockbuster-xbox-360r-video-game| title = Sumthing Else Music Works Announces Release Of The Mass Effect Original Soundtrack From The Blockbuster Xbox 360(R) Video Game| date = November 19, 2007|lang=en}}</ref>, ktory sodržal v sobě 37 kompozicij iz igry (obča dolgota 1 čas i 15 minut), a takože kompoziciju iz albuma [[M4 (muzikalny album)|M4]] kanadskoj [[indie-rock]] grupy [[Faunts (muzikalna grupa)|Faunts]], ktora zvuči v igrě pri finalnyh titrah<ref name=":5" />. 13 novembra 2012-go lěta label [[FUNimation]] izdal album ''{{-|Mass Effect Paragon Lost Original Motion Picture Soundtrack}}'', s dolgotoju 1 čas i 9 minut, ktory sodržal v sobě 27 kompozicij iz [[anime]]-seriala [[Mass Effect: Paragon Lost]]<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/press-release/2012-11-08/mass-effect/paragon-lost-animated-film-score-composed-by-joshua-r-mosley-and-david-kates| title = Mass Effect: Paragon Lost Animated FIlm Score Composed by Joshua R. Mosley and David Kates| date = November 8, 2012|lang=en}}</ref>. {| class="wikitable" |+Spisok kompozicij iz {{-|Mass Effect}}<ref name=":5" /> !№ !Nazva !Avtori !Dolgost |- | align="center" |1 | align="left" |{{-|Mass Effect Theme}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |02:21:00 |- | align="center" |2 | align="left" |{{-|The Normandy}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:35:00 |- | align="center" |3 | align="left" |{{-|Eden Prime}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:34:00 |- | align="center" |4 | align="left" |{{-|Battle At Eden Prime}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:23:00 |- | align="center" |5 | align="left" |{{-|Saren}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |02:00:00 |- | align="center" |6 | align="left" |{{-|The Citadel}} | align="left" |{{-|Richard Jacques, Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:45:00 |- | align="center" |7 | align="left" |{{-|The Presidium}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:32:00 |- | align="center" |8 | align="left" |{{-|The Wards}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |03:14:00 |- | align="center" |9 | align="left" |{{-|Criminal Elements}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:56:00 |- | align="center" |10 | align="left" |{{-|Spectre Induction}} | align="left" |{{-|Richard Jacques, Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:55:00 |- | align="center" |11 | align="left" |{{-|Liara's World}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |02:35:00 |- | align="center" |12 | align="left" |{{-|A Very Dangerous Place}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |02:40:00 |- | align="center" |13 | align="left" |{{-|Feros}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:34:00 |- | align="center" |14 | align="left" |{{-|Protecting The Colony}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:56:00 |- | align="center" |15 | align="left" |{{-|The Thorian}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |03:12:00 |- | align="center" |16 | align="left" |{{-|Noveria}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |02:14:00 |- | align="center" |17 | align="left" |{{-|The Secret Labs}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |02:39:00 |- | align="center" |18 | align="left" |{{-|The Alien Queen}} | align="left" |{{-|Richard Jacques, Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:44:00 |- | align="center" |19 | align="left" |{{-|Fatal Confrontation}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:09:00 |- | align="center" |20 | align="left" |{{-|Saren's Base}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:37:00 |- | align="center" |21 | align="left" |{{-|Breeding Ground}} | align="left" |{{-|Richard Jacques, Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |03:47:00 |- | align="center" |22 | align="left" |{{-|Virmire Ride}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:41:00 |- | align="center" |23 | align="left" |{{-|Exit}} | align="left" |{{-|Richard Jacques, Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:54:00 |- | align="center" |24 | align="left" |{{-|Love Theme}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:54:00 |- | align="center" |25 | align="left" |{{-|Uncharted Worlds}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:16:00 |- | align="center" |26 | align="left" |{{-|Ilos}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:39:00 |- | align="center" |27 | align="left" |{{-|Vigil}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:44:00 |- | align="center" |28 | align="left" |{{-|Sovereign's Theme}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:19:00 |- | align="center" |29 | align="left" |{{-|Uplink}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:12:00 |- | align="center" |30 | align="left" |{{-|Battling Saren}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:38:00 |- | align="center" |31 | align="left" |{{-|In Pursuit Of Saren}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:37:00 |- | align="center" |32 | align="left" |{{-|Infusion}} | align="left" |{{-|Richard Jacques, Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:30:00 |- | align="center" |33 | align="left" |{{-|Final Assault}} | align="left" |{{-|Richard Jacques, Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |02:02:00 |- | align="center" |34 | align="left" |{{-|Victory}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |00:51:00 |- | align="center" |35 | align="left" |{{-|From The Wreckage}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:54:00 |- | align="center" |36 | align="left" |{{-|The End (Reprise)}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:10:00 |- | align="center" |37 | align="left" |{{-|M4 Part II (Faunts)}} | align="left" |{{-|Faunts}} | align="center" |08:18:00 |} == Anons i izdanje == {{Sistemne trěbovanja|useminandrec=1|platform1=Osobne kompjutery|os1={{-|[[Windows XP]]}} i {{-|[[Windows Vista]]}}|os1rec={{-|[[Windows XP]]}} i vyše|cpu1=2,4 {{-|GHz|ГГц}} {{-|[[Intel]]}} ili 2,0 {{-|GHz|ГГц}} {{-|[[AMD]]}}|cpu1rec=2,6 {{-|GHz|ГГц}} {{-|Intel}} ili 2,4 {{-|GHz|ГГц}} {{-|AMD}} i vyše|gpu1=|gpu1rec=|memory1=1 [[Gigabajt|Gb]] {{-|[[RAM]]}} ({{-|XP}})/2 Gb {{-|RAM}} ({{-|Vista}})|memory1rec=2 Gb {{-|RAM}} i vyše|hdspace1=12 Gb|hdspace1rec=12 Gb i vyše|media1=|media1rec=|display1={{-|[[Nvidia GeForce|Nvidia GeForce 6]]}} ({{-|6800GT}} ili lepje) ili / {{-|[[ATI Radeon]]}} {{-|1300XT}} s poddržkoj šajder-modely 3.0|display1rec={{-|[[GeForce]]}} 7900 {{-|GTX}} / {{-|[[ATI Radeon]]}} {{-|X1800 XL}} i vyše|network1=|network1rec=|sound1=Sumestima-kompatibilna s {{-|DirectX 9.0}} sumestima [[zvukova karta]]|sound1rec=Sumestima-kopmatibilna {{-|DirectX 9.0}} s i vyše sumestima [[zvukova karta]]|input1=|input1rec=}} Igra oficialno byla anonsovana je na {{-|[[Xbox show]]}} v [[Amsterdam|Amsterdamu]] 4 oktobra 2005-go lěta.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.ign.com/articles/2005/10/04/x05-mass-effect-eyes-on| title = X05: Mass Effect: Eyes-On| date = October 4, 2005| first = Charles| last = Onyett|lang=en}}</ref> V maju 2006-go lěta demonstracijna versija igry byla prědstavjena na {{-|[[Electronic Entertainment Expo]]}} i dobyla {{-|[[Game Critics Awards]]}} kak najlěpša roljeva igra.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.gamespot.com/articles/e3-06-mass-effect-impressions/1100-6150171/| title = E3 06: Mass Effect Impressions| date = May 11, 2006| first = Greg| last = Mueller|lang=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.ign.com/articles/2006/05/10/e3-2006-mass-effect-impressions| title = E3 2006: Mass Effect Impressions| date = May 10, 2006| first = Charles| last = Onyett|lang=en}}</ref> Novy gejmplej byl pokazan je v septembru 2006-go lěta na {{-|[[Xbox show]]}} v {{-|[[Barselona|Barseloně]]}}.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.gamesindustry.biz/microsoft-announces-x06| title = Microsoft Announces X06| date = June 22, 2006|lang=en}}</ref> V marcu 2007-go lěta gejmplej byl pokazan je cely čas v [[San-Francisko]] na {{-|[[Game Developeres Conference]]}}.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.ign.com/articles/2007/03/07/gdc-2007-mass-effect-the-first-hour| title = GDC 2007: Mass Effect - The First Hour| date = March 7, 2007| first = Hilary| last = Goldstein| first2 = Erik| last2 = Brudvig|lang=en}}</ref> Povtorno igra byla pokazana na {{-|Electronic Entertainment Expo}} v juliju 2007-go lěta.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CItElYfc47g| title = Live from the Santa Monica Pier! Mass Effect Stage Demo| date = July 19, 2007|lang=en}}</ref> V avgustu 2007-go lěta byla pokazana na {{-|[[Games Convention]]}} v [[Leipzig|{{-|Leipzigu|Леjпцигу}}]].<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.gamesindustry.biz/critically-acclaimed-rpg-mass-effect-begins-epic-journey-on-23rd-november-2007| title = Critically-Acclaimed RPG "Mass Effect" Begins Epic Journey on 23rd November 2007| date = August 31, 2007|lang=en}}</ref> V izdanje igra šla 20 novembra 2007-go lěta.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://news.microsoft.com/source/2007/11/20/gamer-excitement-reaches-galactic-proportions-as-mass-effect-touches-down-today-on-retail-shelves-in-north-america/| title = Gamer Excitement Reaches Galactic Proportions as “Mass Effect” Touches Down Today on Retail Shelves in North America| date = November 20, 2007|lang=en}}</ref> == Recenzije == {| class="wikitable" | rowspan="2" align="center" |'''Izdanje''' | colspan="3" align="center" |'''Ocěnka''' |- | align="center" |'''{{-|[[Osobny kompjuter|PC]]}}''' | align="center" |'''{{-|[[PlayStation 3|PS3]]}}''' | align="center" |'''{{-|[[Xbox 360]]}}''' |- | align="left" |{{-|[[GameRankings]]}} | align="left" |89,70 %<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gamerankings.com/pc/944902-mass-effect/index.html|title=Mass Effect for PC|publisher={{-|[[GameRankings]]}}|access-date=2019-12-09|language=en|archive-date=2019-12-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191209015645/https://www.gamerankings.com/pc/944902-mass-effect/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> | align="left" |82,00 %<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gamerankings.com/ps3/689056-mass-effect/index.html|title=Mass Effect PlayStation 3|date=2016-10-05|publisher={{-|[[GameRankings]]}}|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121213034250/http://www.gamerankings.com/ps3/689056-mass-effect/index.html|archive-date=2012-12-13|lang=en}}</ref> | align="left" |91,24 %<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gamerankings.com/xbox360/930279-mass-effect/index.html|title=Mass Effect for Xbox 360|publisher={{-|[[GameRankings]]}}|access-date=2019-12-09|language=en|archive-date=2019-12-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191209013328/https://www.gamerankings.com/xbox360/930279-mass-effect/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[Metacritic]]}} | align="left" |89/100<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.metacritic.com/game/pc/mass-effect|title=Mass Effect (PC)|date=2012-04-24|publisher={{-|[[Metacritic]]}}|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100821111555/http://www.metacritic.com/game/pc/mass-effect|archive-date=2010-08-21|lang=en}}</ref> | align="left" |85/100<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.metacritic.com/game/playstation-3/mass-effect|title=Mass Effect (PlayStation 3)|date=2016-10-05|publisher={{-|[[Metacritic]]}}|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121118033542/http://www.metacritic.com/game/playstation-3/mass-effect|archive-date=2012-11-18|lang=en}}</ref> | align="left" |91/100<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.metacritic.com/game/xbox-360/mass-effect|title=Mass Effect (Xbox 360)|date=2012-04-24|publisher={{-|[[Metacritic]]}}|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100817013510/http://www.metacritic.com/game/xbox-360/mass-effect|archive-date=2010-08-17|lang=en}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[1UP.com]]}} | align="left" |A-<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.1up.com/reviews/mass-effect-review|title=Mass Effect PC Review |author=Thierry Nguyen |date=2008-06-17 |lang=en |work={{-|[[1UP.com]]}}|access-date=2012-04-25 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/68iFKqDnr?url=http://www.1up.com/reviews/mass-effect-review|archive-date=2012-06-26 }}</ref> | align="left" | - | align="left" |A<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.1up.com/reviews/mass-effect |title=Mass Effect (XBOX 360) |author=Jennifer Tsao|date=2007-11-19 |work={{-|[[1UP.com]}} |lang=en |access-date=2012-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120605212422/http://www.1up.com/reviews/mass-effect|archive-date=2012-06-05}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[Computer and Video Games|CVG]]}} | align="left" |9,2/10<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.computerandvideogames.com/190267/reviews/mass-effect-review/ |title=Mass Effect PC Review |lang=en |work={{-|[[Computer and Video Games]]}}|author=Ed Zitron|date=2008-06-04 |access-date=2012-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120312103314/http://www.computerandvideogames.com/190267/reviews/mass-effect-review/|archive-date=2012-03-12}}</ref> | align="left" | - | align="left" |9,0/10<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.computerandvideogames.com/175911/reviews/mass-effect-review/ |title=Mass Effect Xbox Review |lang=en |work={{-|[[Computer and Video Games]]}}|author=Alex Dale|date=2007-11-19 |access-date=2012-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110126035543/http://www.computerandvideogames.com/175911/reviews/mass-effect-review/|archive-date=2011-01-12}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[Edge (žurnal)|Edge]]}} | align="left" |7/10<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.edge-online.com/reviews/mass-effect-review|title=Mass Effect review |lang=en |work={{-|[[Future Publishing]]}}|date=2007-12-02|access-date=2012-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120301013356/http://www.edge-online.com/reviews/mass-effect-review|archive-date=2012-03-01}}</ref> | align="left" | - | align="left" | - |- | align="left" |{{-|[[Eurogamer]]}} | align="left" |8/10<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/mass-effect-review |title=Mass Effect Review |lang=en |work={{-|[[Eurogamer]]}}|author=Kristan Reed|date=2007-11-19|access-date=2012-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111204445/http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/mass-effect-review|archive-date=2009-01-11}}</ref> | align="left" | - | align="left" |8/10<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/mass-effect-review |title=Mass Effect Review |lang=en|work={{-|[[Eurogamer]]}}|author=Kristan Reed|access-date=2012-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111204445/http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/mass-effect-review|archive-date=2009-01-11}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[Game Informer]]}} | align="left" | - | align="left" | - | align="left" |9,75/10 |- | align="left" |{{-|[[GamePro]]}} | align="left" | - | align="left" | - | align="left" |4,75/5<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gamepro.com/article/reviews/148788/mass-effect-the-best-rpg-of-2007/ |title=GamePro review |lang=en |work={{-|[[Gamepro]]}} |author=Cameron Lewis|date=2007-11-19|access-date=2009-05-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080921213613/http://www.gamepro.com/article/reviews/148788/mass-effect-the-best-rpg-of-2007/|archive-date=2008-09-21}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[GameSpot]]}} | align="left" |9,0/10<ref>{{cite web|author=Chris Watters|url=http://www.gamespot.com/mass-effect/reviews/mass-effect-review-6191875/|title=Mass Effect Review for PC|lang=en|work={{-|[[GameSpot]]}}|date=2008-05-28|access-date=2012-04-25|archive-date=2012-05-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120501162723/http://www.gamespot.com/mass-effect/reviews/mass-effect-review-6191875/|url-status=live}}</ref> | align="left" | - | align="left" |8,5/10<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gamespot.com/mass-effect/reviews/mass-effect-review-6183119/|title=GameSpot review|lang=en|author=Kevin VanOrd|work={{-|[[GameSpot]]}}|access-date=2012-04-25|archive-date=2012-05-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120501004812/http://www.gamespot.com/mass-effect/reviews/mass-effect-review-6183119/|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[GameSpy]]}} | align="left" |5 zvězd | align="left" | - | align="left" |5 zvězd<ref>{{cite web|url=http://xbox360.gamespy.com/xbox-360/mass-effect/836239p1.html|title=Gamespy review |lang=en |work={{-|[[GameSpy]]}} |last=Villoria|first=Gerald |access-date=2009-05-25 }}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[GamesRadar (žurnal)|GamesRadar+]]}} | align="left" |9/10 | align="left" | - | align="left" |9/10<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gamesradar.com/mass-effect-12/ |title=Mass Effect review |lang=en |work={{-|[[GamesRadar (žurnal|GamesRadar]]}} |author=Eric Bratcher|access-date=2012-05-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121013070541/http://www.gamesradar.com/mass-effect-review/|archive-date=2012-10-13}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[GameTrailers]]}} | align="left" | - | align="left" | - | align="left" |9,6/10<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.gametrailers.com/gamereview.php?id=2211|title=Mass Effect |website={{-|[[GameTrailers]]}}|access-date=February 22, 2009|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090222082413/http://www.gametrailers.com/gamereview.php?id=2211 |archive-date=February 22, 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[IGN]]}} | align="left" |9,4/10<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2008/05/27/mass-effect-review |title=Mass Effect Review |website={{-|[[IGN]]}}|access-date=October 1, 2016 |author=Jason Ocampo |date=May 27, 2008 |lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140530035846/http://www.ign.com/articles/2008/05/27/mass-effect-review |archive-date=May 30, 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> | align="left" |9,0/10<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2012/12/10/mass-effect-ps3-review |title=Mass Effect PS3 Review |website={{-|[[IGN]]}}|access-date=October 2, 2016 |author=Colin Moriarty |date=December 10, 2012 |lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160129185655/http://www.ign.com/articles/2012/12/10/mass-effect-ps3-review |archive-date=January 29, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> | align="left" |9,4/10<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2007/11/19/mass-effect-review-2 |title=Mass Effect Review |website={{-|[[IGN]]}}|access-date=October 1, 2016 |author=Erik Brudvig |date=November 19, 2007 |lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160924220330/http://www.ign.com/articles/2007/11/19/mass-effect-review-2 |archive-date=September 24, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[Official Xbox Magazine]]}} | align="left" | - | align="left" | - | align="left" |10/10<ref>{{Cite magazine |url=http://www.oxmonline.com/mass-effect-review |title=Mass Effect review |magazine={{-|[[Official Xbox Magazine]]}}|author=Paul Curthoys |date=November 19, 2007 |access-date=October 6, 2011 |lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111006140039/http://www.oxmonline.com/mass-effect-review |archive-date=October 6, 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[X-Play]]}} | align="left" |5 zvězd | align="left" | - | align="left" |5 zvězd |- | align="left" |{{-|[[3DNews]]}} | align="left" |9,5/10 | align="left" | - | align="left" | - |- | align="left" |{{-|[[Absolute Games]]}} | align="left" |79 %<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ag.ru/games/mass-effect/review |title=Рецензия на Mass Effect |author=Nomad |date=2008-06-15 |access-date=2019-12-12 |lang=ru |work={{-|[[Absolute Games]]}}|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130101061931/https://ag.ru/games/mass-effect/review|archive-date=2013-01-01}}</ref> | align="left" | - | align="left" | - |- | align="left" |{{-|[[PlayGround.ru]]}} | align="left" |8,6/10<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.playground.ru/articles/21303/ |title=Mass Effect. Сны о чем-то большем |author=demigot |date=2008-06-26 |access-date=2012-04-24 |lang=ru |work={{-|[[PlayGround.ru|Playground]]}}|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200812202004/https://www.playground.ru/mass_effect/opinion/mass_effect_sny_o_chem_to_bolshem-421303|archive-date=2020-08-12}}</ref> | align="left" | - | align="left" | - |- | align="left" |{{-|[[Игромания (žurnal)|Игромания]]}} | align="left" |9,5/10<ref>{{Cite web |author=Курган, Георгий |title=Полные рецензии > Mass Effect |url=http://www.igromania.ru/articles/56443/Mass_Effect.htm |work={{-|[[Игромания (žurnal)|Игромания]]}} |year=2008|publisher={{-|Игромедиа}}|lang=ru |archive-date=2012-04-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120411071729/http://www.igromania.ru/articles/56443/Mass_Effect.htm }}</ref> | align="left" | - | align="left" | - |} == Prodolženje-sikvel == Tvorjenje vtoroj igry počelo se v početku 2008-go lěta. {{-|[[Mass Effect 2]]}} byla izdana je 26 januara 2010-go lěta<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.vg247.com/mass-effect-comfirmed-for-january-2010-release-with-preorder-bonus| title = Mass Effect 2 confirmed for January 2010 release with preorder bonus| date = October 16, 2009| first = Stephany| last = Nunneley-Jackson|lang=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.cnews.ru/news/line/mass_effect_2_data_vyhoda| title = Mass Effect 2. Дата выхода| date = October 17, 2009|lang=ru}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web| url = https://gamemag.ru/news/48799/mass-effect-2-stal-pervym-igrovym-blokbasterom-2010-goda| title = Mass Effect 2 стал первым игровым блокбастером 2010 года| date = February 3, 2010| first = Сергей| last = Дьяконенко|lang=ru}}</ref>. Na {{-|PlayStation 3}} igra byla izdana 18 januara 2011-go lěta<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2010/12/09/mass-effect-2-ps3-release-date|title=Mass Effect 2 PS3 Release Date|date=December 9, 2010|first=Jim|last=Reilly|lang=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blog.bioware.com/2010/12/15/mass-effect-2-on-playstation-3-podcast-and-gold-announcement/|title=Mass Effect 2 on Playstation 3 Podcast and Gold Announcement|date=December 15, 2010|first=Evil Chris|last=Priestly|lang=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.ea.com/press-releases/press-releases-details/2011/BioWares-Award-Winning-Mass-Effect-2-Makes-PlayStation-3-Debut-Today/default.aspx|date=January 18, 2011|title=BioWare’s Award-Winning Mass Effect 2 Makes PlayStation 3 Debut Today|lang=en}}</ref>. V {{-|Mass Effect 2}} možno importovati shranjenu igru iz {{-|Mass Effect}} — dejanja iz prvoj igry imajut vliv vo vtoroj<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2009/12/28/mass-effect-2-importing-requires-hard-drive|title=Mass Effect 2 Importing Requires Hard Drive|date=December 28, 2009|first=Jim|last=Reilly|lang=en}}</ref>. == Iztočniky == {{Iztočniky}} == Vnešne linky == * {{MobyGames|31277/mass-effect/}} [[Kategorija:Mass Effect]] [[Kategorija:Kompjuterne igry, ktore stvorila BioWare]] [[Kategorija:Kompjuterne igry, ktore izdala Electronic Arts]] [[Kategorija:Igry za Windows]] [[Kategorija:Igry za Xbox 360]] [[Kategorija:Igry na igromotoru Unreal Engine 3]] [[Kategorija:Igry za PlayStation 3]] [[Kategorija:Videoigry]] 2jp0y1rlentyygpvrphui4e74injjyr 45569 45568 2026-08-12T12:06:42Z Ilja isv 10 /* Dodatne epizody (DLC) */ 45569 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kartka kompjuterna igra |obložka= |nazva = {{-|Mass Effect}} |razrabotniki={{-|[[BioWare]]}} |izdatelji={{-|[[Microsoft Game Studios]]}}, {{-|[[Electronic Arts]]}} |serija={{-|[[Mass Effect]]}} |dataizdanja={{-|[[Xbox 360]]}}: [[Severna Amerika]]: 20 novembra 2007 [[Avstralija]]: 22 novembra 2007 [[Evropejsky sojuz]]: 23 novembra 2007 {{-|[[Microsoft Windows|Windows]]}}: [[Severna Amerika]]: 28 maja 2008 [[Avstralija]]: 5 junija 2008 [[Evropejsky sojuz]]: 6 junija 2008 {{-|[[PlayStation 3]]}}: [[Severna Amerika]]: 4 dekembra 2012 [[Evropejsky sojuz]]: 7 dekembra 2012 |žanr={{-|action role-playing}} |platformy={{-|[[Xbox 360]], [[Microsoft Windows]], [[PlayStation 3]]}} |igrovy motor={{-|[[Unreal Engine 3]]}}<ref>{{Cite web| url=https://www.unrealengine.com/blog/mass-effect| title=Critically Acclaimed Mass Effect Powered by Unreal Engine 3| date=November 20, 2007| first=John| last=Gaudiosi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.gamesradar.com/mass-effect-legendary-edition-uses-unreal-engine-3-for-good-reason-according-to-the-developers/ |title=Mass Effect: Legendary Edition uses Unreal Engine 3 for good reason according to the developers |website=GamesRadar+ |date=4 February 2021 |access-date=12 October 2022 |archive-date=6 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210206190428/https://www.gamesradar.com/mass-effect-legendary-edition-uses-unreal-engine-3-for-good-reason-according-to-the-developers/ |url-status=live }}</ref> |režim igry=jedin igrač |glava=[[Casey Hudson|Kejsi Hadson]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://akamai.cdn.ea.com/eadownloads/u/f/manuals/GAME-MASSEFFECT/Manuals.zip|type=zip|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250101115505/http://akamai.cdn.ea.com/eadownloads/u/f/manuals/GAME-MASSEFFECT/Manuals.zip|archive-date=2025-01-01|access-date=2026-08-12|ref= {{sfnref|Manual|2008}}|title= Mass Effect PC Manual|year=2008 }}</ref> |gejmdizajner=Preston Wataman{{-|iu|jу}}k{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=32}} |programist=David Falkner{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=32}}<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1073668/fullcredits/?ref_=tt_cst_sm#amzn1.imdb.concept.name_credit_category.a7c2d410-e513-4bd7-85d5-73060ec46a84 Mass Effect (Video Game 2007) - Full cast & crew | Additional Crew] na {{-|[[IMDb]]}}</ref> |hudožnik=Derek Watts{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=32}}<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1073668/fullcredits/?ref_=tt_cst_sm#amzn1.imdb.concept.name_credit_category.60a44752-af76-44f7-9de0-ec51aea2180d Mass Effect (Video Game 2007) - Full cast & crew | Art Director] na {{-|[[IMDb]]}}</ref> |kompozitori=[[Jack Wall|Džek Vol]],{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=32}}<ref name=":9" /> [[Sam Hulick|Sam Hulik]],{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=32}}<ref name=":9" /> [[Richard Jacques|Rišar Žak]],{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=32}}<ref name=":9" /> David {{-|Kates|Кеjтс}}{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=32}}<ref name=":9" />|jezyky interfejsa=[[Anglijsky jezyk|anglijsky]], [[Francuzsky jezyk|francuzsky]], [[Němečsky jezyk|němečsky]], [[Špansky jezyk|špansky]], [[Italijansky jezyk|italijansky]], [[Russky jezyk|russky]], [[Poljsky jezyk|poljsky]]}} '''''{{-|Mass Effect}}''''' ({{Jezyky|isv|Efekt masy}}) — [[kompjuterna igra]] v žanru {{-|action-role-play}}, ktoru stvorila studija {{-|[[BioWare]]}} i izdala {{-|[[Microsoft Game Studios]]}} v lětu 2007.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.ign.com/articles/2007/11/19/mass-effect-review-2| date = November 19, 2007| title = Mass Effect Review| first = Erik| last = Brudvig|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161005213517/http://www.ign.com/articles/2007/11/19/mass-effect-review-2|archive-date=2016-10-05}}</ref> Je prvoju čestju [[Mass Effect|serije {{-|Mass Effect}}]]. V 2007 leto igra prišla jedino toliko na {{-|[[Xbox 360]]}}.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web| url = http://xbox360.gamespy.com/xbox-360/mass-effect/836239p1.html| title = Mass Effect| date = November 19, 2007| first = Gerald| last = Villoria|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071120143528/http://xbox360.gamespy.com/xbox-360/mass-effect/836239p1.html|archive-date=2007-11-20}}</ref> V 2008 javila se versija igry na {{-|[[Microsoft Windows|Windows]]}},<ref name=":1">{{Cite web| url = http://pc.gamespy.com/pc/bioware-rpg/877353p1.html| title = BioWare's space opera comes to PC and is still one of the greatest role-playing games we've ever played.| date = May 28, 2008| first = Gerald| last = Villoria|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080531073014/http://pc.gamespy.com/pc/bioware-rpg/877353p1.html|archive-date=2008-05-31}}</ref> v 2012 prišla versija na {{-|[[PlayStation 3]]}}.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.ign.com/articles/2012/09/26/mass-effect-trilogy-set-announced| title = Mass Effect Trilogy Set Announced| date = September 26, 2012| first = Andrew| last = Goldfarb|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120926193158/http://www.ign.com/articles/2012/09/26/mass-effect-trilogy-set-announced|archive-date=2012-09-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.gamespot.com/articles/mass-effect-trilogy-comes-to-ps3-dec-4/1100-6399374/| title = Mass Effect Trilogy comes to PS3 Dec. 4| date = November 2, 2010| first = Eddie| last = Makuch|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107221336/https://www.gamespot.com/articles/mass-effect-trilogy-comes-to-ps3-dec-4/1100-6399374/|archive-date=2017-11-07}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web| url = https://blog.bioware.com/2012/11/01/ryan-warden-an-update-on-the-mass-effect-trilogy/| title = Ryan Warden: An Update on the Mass Effect Trilogy| date = November 1, 2012|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103041035/http://blog.bioware.com/2012/11/01/ryan-warden-an-update-on-the-mass-effect-trilogy/|archive-date=2012-11-03}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web| url = https://www.ign.com/articles/2012/11/30/reminder-mass-effect-comes-to-ps3-very-soon| title = Reminder: Mass Effect Comes to PS3 Very Soon| date = November 30, 2012| first = Colin| last = Moriarty|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121203054258/http://www.ign.com/articles/2012/11/30/reminder-mass-effect-comes-to-ps3-very-soon|archive-date=2012-12-03}}</ref> Sjužet igry govori o tom, že v 22-om stoletju [[člověčstvo]] spoznalo i naučilo se rabotati s tehnologijeju svrhsvětlovyh lětanij v [[Kosmos|kosmosu]] s pomočju nekakogo nulovogo elementa, ktory obnuloval masu-težinu (toj moment vpisan je v nazvanje igry). A takože v to stolětje ljudi zakontaktovali se s inoplanetnymi civilizacijami.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=6}} Glavny heroj ili herojinja (to izbiraje igrač) igry komander Šepard dobyvaje status Spektra — specialnogo soldata na služenju galaktičnoj rady-sověta Citadely, i so svojim odredom pošeti različne mesta i zvezdne sistemy galaktiky. V 2008 lětu za igru izdali dodatny kontent pod nazvoju ''{{-|Bring Down the Sky}}'',<ref name=":10">{{Cite web| url = http://pc.gamespy.com/pc/bioware-rpg/894639p1.html| title = Free Downloadable Content Now Available for Mass Effect PC| date = July 29, 2008|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080802190447/http://pc.gamespy.com/pc/bioware-rpg/894639p1.html|archive-date=2008-08-08}}</ref> v ktorom potrebno bylo spasati planetu Tera Nova od asteroida {{-|X57}} i teroristov.<ref name=":11">{{Cite web| url = https://www.ign.com/articles/2008/02/25/mass-effect-bring-down-the-sky-interview| title = Mass Effect: Bring Down the Sky Interview| date = February 25, 2008| first = Erik| last = Brudvig|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130216182140/http://www.ign.com/articles/2008/02/25/mass-effect-bring-down-the-sky-interview|archive-date=2013-02-16}}</ref> V 2009 lětu za igru izdali dodatny kontent pod nazvoju ''{{-|Pinnacle Station}}'', ktory dodaval nekoliko zadanij, a takože možnost dobyti v nagradu apartamenty.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.eurogamer.net/me-pinnacle-station-dlc-detailed| title = New Mass Effect DLC detailed| date = August 24, 2009| first = Robert| last = Purchese|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128113544/https://www.eurogamer.net/me-pinnacle-station-dlc-detailed|archive-date=2022-11-28}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite web| url = https://gamemag.ru/news/44026/mass-effect-dopolnenie-pinnacle-station-dostupno-v-xbox-live| title = Mass Effect: Дополнение "Pinnacle Station" доступно в Xbox Live| date = August 24, 2009| last = livesaifer|lang=ru|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260731230912/https://gamemag.ru/news/44026/mass-effect-dopolnenie-pinnacle-station-dostupno-v-xbox-live|archive-date=2026-07-31}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.gamespot.com/articles/new-mass-effect-dlc-avatar-items-now-available/1100-6216123/| title = New Mass Effect DLC, avatar items now available. UPDATE Microsoft releases Pinnacle Station, a 13-mission, two-to-three-hour add-on to the popular Xbox 360 role-playing game; Mass Effect outfits hit Marketplace en masse.| date = August 25, 2009| first = Tor| last = Thorsen|lang=en}}</ref><ref name=":13">{{Cite web| url = https://www.ign.com/articles/2009/08/25/mass-effect-pinnacle-station-review| title = Mass Effect: Pinnacle Station Review| date = August 25, 2009| first = Erik| last = Brudvig|lang=en}}</ref> Dalje byli izdane igry {{-|[[Mass Effect 2]]}} v 2010 lětu i {{-|[[Mass Effect 3]]}} v 2012,<ref name=":4" /> ktore stvorili trilogiju o komanderu Šepardu. V 2021 leto igra byla obnovjena v svezku izdanja {{-|[[Mass Effect: Legendary Edition]]}}.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://news.ea.com/press-releases/press-releases-details/2021/Relive-the-Award-Winning-Space-Opera-in-Mass-Effect-Legendary-Edition-on-May-14/default.aspx| title = Relive the Award-Winning Space Opera in Mass Effect Legendary Edition on May 14| date = February 2, 2021|lang=en}}</ref> == Gejmplej == ''{{-|Mass Effect}} '' — je igra v žanru {{-|action-rpg}} za jednogo igrača, v ktoroj igrač upravjaje komanderom Šepardom ({{Jezyky|en|Commander Shepard}}) s pogledom od tretjego lica. Pred početkom igry potrebno izbrati ime igrača (ktoro na igrovy svet ne vlijaje), pol, izgled, jedin iz nekoliko variantov predhistorije, igrovy klas-specialnost. {{sfn|Manual|2008|p=7-9}} Za izbor dostupne sut 6 klasov. Každy klas imaje svoju specialnost v oružju i sposobnostah.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=8}} Igrač i učestniki odreda mogut orudovati vsakym oružjem, ale efektivnost togo zavisi od klasa i parametrov každogo.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=8}} Na kosmičnom korabu igrača dostupna je karta galaktiky, s pomočju ktoroj igrač može premeščati se po svetu. V galaktikě sut grupy-skupiny zvezd, v ktoryh sut zvezdne sistemy, v ktoryh už sut planety i kosmične stancije. Za premeščenije medžu grupami zvezd potrebno upotrebjati retranslatory masy ({{Jezyky|en|Mass-Relay}}).{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=14-15}} Kosmičny korab igrača imaje nazvu "Normandija" ({{Jezyky|en|Normandy SR-1}}) — to je esperimentalny korab, ktory stvorili naučniki Aliansa sistem ({{Jezyky|en|Systems Alliance}}) v koperacije s turianskymi ({{Jezyky|en|turians}}) specialistami. Toj korab upotrebjaje se igračem za putovanje medžu planetami i zvezdami s pomočju interaktivnoj karty. Na korabu irač može govoriti s ljudami-služebnikami koraba (medikami, inženjerami) i učestnikami svojego odreda. Na planetah i stancijah igrač izpolnjaje zadanja-operacije, kvesty i vzajemodejstvuje s {{-|NPC}}.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=10-11}} Po završenju-koncu zadanij igrač dobyvaje specialne pointy, ktore dozvoljajut razvivati sposobnosti, dobyvaje predmety za inventar. Inventar imaje razmer v 150 elementov-predmetov. Nepotrebne predmety možno prodati, utilizirovati v omni-gel, ktory je potreben za otkrytje zamkov i remonta vsekdehoda "Mako".{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=22}} Vsekdehod "Mako" možno upotrebjati na planetah za preměščenje na velike distancije i strěljbu po neprijateljam. Takože vsekdehod je pomočen na nektoryh zlyh planetah, na ktoryh okolična pogoda jest škodliva dlja odreda.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=26}} A na kosmičnyh stancijah i planetah možno kupiti različne predmety kako oružje, bronju i dodatne ulepšenja. === Bojeva sistema === Boji idut v realnom času. Igrač upravjaje Šepardom od tretjego lica. V odredu igrača takože je jedino dva personaža, ktorymi upravjaje kompjuter i ktorym može davati komandy igrač, naprimer: atakovati neprijatelja, zajeti ukrytje i tako dalje.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=16-17}} V čas boja igrač može otkryti taktično menju, ktoro stopuje igru i v ktorom možno smeniti oružje, ukazati koju sposobnost upotrebiti (kako Šepardu tako i učestnikam odreda). Každa sposobnost imaje svoju meru-vreme za obnovjene posle každogo upotrebjenja.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=16-17}} Oružje igrača ne trebuje naboja, jednako dost silna streljba može pregreti oružje i nektoro vreme nemožno bude streljati. To trebuje delati pauzu medžu streljanjem. V igrě sut 4 tipov oružja: pistolety, pompovky, vintovky, snajperske ružja i granaty.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=18-19}} Bronja takože različna: legka, sredna, težka. Vsaka bronja imaje različne specializacije i sposobnosti. Takože može byti ograničenje v zavisnosti od klasa igrača ili učestnika odreda. Takože je razlika medžu civilizacijami: ljudi i azari ({{Jezyky|en|asari}}) mogut nositi jednu bronju, turianci imajut svoju bronju, krogani ({{Jezyky|en|krogans}}) svoju.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=20-21}} Akoli gibnut učestniki odreda, to ih možno lečiti s pomočju medi-gela, akoli gibne igrač, to treba restartovati igru od poslednego shranjenja. === Dialogova sistema === Igrač izbiraje varianty za odgovor s pomočju dialogovogo kolesa ({{Jezyky|en|dialogue wheel}}).{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=10-11}} Obyčajno, ale ne vsegda, v pravoj vrhnoj straně sut rečenja heroja-paragona, a v pravoj nižnej-dolnoj straně sut rečenja odstupnika-renegata. Rečenja heroja sut sinjego cveta-kolora, a odstupnika-renegata črvenogo. V levoj straně kolesa sut varianty rečenja, ktore mogut zapytati nekojego {{-|NPC}} o predmetě govorenja. Herojske-paragonske rečenja dodajut igraču pointy heroja, a odstupničske-renegatske dajut pointy renegata. Te pointy dajut nove varianty dejanij v različne momenty igry. Te varianty mogut dati dodatnu informaciju, izbegti boja, spasti nekojego.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=24}} == Sjužet == === Igrovy svet === Dejanje tutoj igry ide v [[Mlěčny put|Mlěčnom putu]] v 22 stoletju. Človečstvo spoznalo letanja v kosmosu s pomočju nulevogo elementa i mas-retranslatorov ({{Jezyky|en|mass relays}}). Retranslatory směnšajut masu-težinu korabov do nula i s pomočju togo koraby kako by teleportujut se{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=6}}. Krome človečstva v galaktikě sut množstva drugyh inoplanetnyh civilizacij, nektora čest kojih stvorila specialny Sovět na kosmičnoj stanciji Citadel. Osnovne civilizacije sut azari ({{Jezyky|en|asari}}), turianci ({{Jezyky|en|turians}}) i salarianci ({{Jezyky|en|salarians}})<ref>{{-|[[BioWare]]}}. {{-|Mass Effect}} (2007). Igrovy Kodeks: "Inoplanetjani: Rasy v Sovetě Citadely" ({{Jezyky|en|Aliens: Council Races}}).</ref>. Nektore civilizacije sut prědstavjene na Citadelě s pomočju ambasad: volusi ({{Jezyky|en|voluses}}), hanari ({{Jezyky|en|hanars}}), elkori ({{Jezyky|en|elcors}}), a takože ljudi<ref>{{-|[[BioWare]]}}. {{-|Mass Effect}} (2007). Igrovy Kodeks: "Inoplanetjani: Rasy ne v Sovetě Citadely" ({{Jezyky|en|Aliens: Non-Council Races}}).</ref>. Takože sut nektore civilizacije, ktore živut vne Citadelskogo prostora: krogani ({{Jezyky|en|krogans}}), batarianci ({{Jezyky|en|batarians}}), kvarianci ({{Jezyky|en|quarians}}). Vse životne civilizacije v igrě imajut nazvu ''organične'', a robotove civilizacije, kako gety ({{Jezyky|en|geths}}) i Žnecy ({{Jezyky|en|Reapers}}) ''sintetične''. Člověčstvo prvy raz strětilo se s inymi civilizacijami (turiancami) v 2149 lětu i ta strěča počela se kako vojna, ktora skoro završila se. Ljudi izšli v novy sektor kosmosa s pomočju retranslatora, ale zakon Citadele ne dozvoljaje aktivirovati nerazvedane retranslatory; zamesto govorenja turianci izničtožili prve koraby ljudij i to dejanje stalo pričinoju vojny.<ref name=":17">[[BioWare]]. {{-|Mass Effect}} (2007). Igrovy Kodeks: "Človečstvo i Alians Sistem" ({{Jezyky|en|Humanity and the Systems Alliance}}).</ref> Potom človečstvo dobylo svoje město v galaktičnom sociumu posle nektoryh drugyh dejanij<ref name=":17" />. Na moment početka igry komander Šepard potreben byl stati prvym človekom Spektrom. Spektri sut specialni ljudi, u kojih administracija je Sovět Citadele<ref>{{-|[[BioWare]]}}. {{-|Mass Effect}} (2007). Igrovy Kodeks: "Citadel i Galaktičska vlada" ({{Jezyky|en|Citadel and Galactic Government}}).</ref>. === Personaži === ==== Šepard ==== Glavny personaž igry je komander Šepard ({{Jezyky|en|Shepard}}). V zavisnosti od igrača Šepard može byti žena ili muž. Standardno mužsko ime je Džon ({{Jezyky|en|John}}), a žensko Džejn ({{Jezyky|en|Jane}}). Prědhistorija Šeparda takože izbiraje se igračem: {| class="wikitable" |+Varianty biografije Šeparda{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=7-9}} ! colspan="2" |Do armije |- |Kolonist ({{Jezyky|en|colonist}}) |Dětinstvo Šeparda bylo na kolonije Mindoir. Koloniju atakovali sut piraty-rabotrgovci i ubili jegovyh roditeljev. Šeparda vzeli k sobe dozorny patrol Aliansa. Kogda Šepardu stalo 18 let, on pošel v armiju Aliansa. |- |Rodženi na Zemji ({{Jezyky|en|Earthborn}}) |Šepard byl sirota i jegovo dětinstvo prošlo v uličnyh bandah. Kogda Šepardu stalo 18 let, on pošel v armiju. |- |Kosmičnik ({{Jezyky|en|Spacer}}) |Roditelji Šeparda sut vojskovi ljudi. Vse dětinstvo Šepard byl na kosmičnyh korabah. Potom zapisal se v armiju Aliansa. |- ! colspan="2" |V čas služenja v armije |- |Heroj vojny ({{Jezyky|en|War Hero}}) |V čas služenja na člověčskoj koloniji Elizium ({{Jezyky|en|Elysium}}) bojeval protiv piratov, kojih bylo mnogo, odbivši ataku. |- |Izživši ({{Jezyky|en|Sole Survivor}}) |Na planetě Akuza ({{Jezyky|en|Akuze}}) odred Šeparda byl atakovan velikym inoplanetnym životnym i byl cělo izničtoženy. Ostal jedino Šepard. |- |Ljuty ({{Jezyky|en|Ruthless}}) |Na planetě Torfan ({{Jezyky|en|Torfan}}) Šepard izgubil 3/4 svojego odreda, ale izpolnil zadanje, a takože izničil vsih neprijatelskyh piratov-batariancev. |} Mužsky glas Šeparda dal aktor {{-|[[Mark Meer]]}}<ref name=":18">[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1073668/fullcredits/?ref_=tt_cst_sm#amzn1.imdb.concept.name_credit_group.7caf7d16-5db9-4f4f-8864-d4c6e711c686 Mass Effect (Video Game 2007) - Full cast] na [[IMDb]]</ref>. Žensky glas Šeparda dala aktrisa {{-|[[Jennifer Hale]]}}<ref name=":18" />. ==== Ekipa Normandije ==== ===== Džef Džoker Moro ===== Džef Džoker Moro ({{Jezyky|en|Jeff Joker Moreau}}) — je profesionalny pilot Normandije. Imaje veliku problemu s kostami, one sut slabe. Glas jemu dal aktor {{-|[[Seth Benjamin Gesshel Green]]}}<ref>[https://www.mobygames.com/person/266203/seth-b-green/credits/ Seth B. Green - Video Game Credits - MobyGames], "Mass Effect (2007, Xbox 360) Jeff “Joker” Moreau"</ref><ref name=":18" />. ===== Greg Adams ===== Greg Adams ({{Jezyky|en|Greg Adams}}) — je glavny inženjer Normandije. On rabotaje v inženjernoj sekciji koraba. Glas jemu dal aktor {{-|[[Roger Labon Jackson]]}}<ref>[https://www.mobygames.com/person/1179/roger-labon-jackson/credits/ Roger Labon Jackson - Video Game Credits - MobyGames], "Mass Effect (2007, Xbox 360) Additional Voices"</ref><ref name=":18" />. ===== Karin Čakvas ===== Karin Čakvas ({{Jezyky|en|Karin Chakwas}}) — je glavna doktorka Normandije. Glas jej dala aktrisa {{-|[[Carolyn Seymour]]}}<ref>[https://www.mobygames.com/person/17150/carolyn-seymour/credits/ Carolyn Seymour - Video Game Credits - MobyGames], "Mass Effect (2007, Xbox 360) Additional Voices"</ref><ref name=":18" />. ==== Osnovne učestniki odreda ==== ===== Ričard Dženkins ===== Ričard Dženkins ({{Jezyky|en|Richard L. Jenkins}}) — soldat Aliansa. Imaje klas i sposobnosti soldata. Jegovo ime i historija v igrě imaje svez s mem-personažem Lirojem Dženkinsom. Glas jemu dal aktor {{-|[[George Joshua Christian Dean]]}}<ref>[https://www.mobygames.com/person/122414/josh-dean/credits/ Josh  Dean - Video Game Credits - MobyGames], "Mass Effect (2007, Xbox 360) Additional Voices"</ref><ref name=":18" />. ===== Kajdan Alenko ===== Kajdan Alenko ({{Jezyky|en|Kaidan Alenko}}) — lejtenant-poručnik, a takože biotik. Kako igrovy personaž imaje sposobnosti-specializaciju biotika. On je vozmožny romantičsky interes Šeparda-ženy. Glas jemu dal aktor {{-|[[Raphael Sbarge]]}}<ref>[https://www.mobygames.com/person/9258/raphael-sbarge/credits/ Raphael Sbarge - Video Game Credits - MobyGames], "Mass Effect (Xbox 360) Kaidan Alenko"</ref><ref name=":18" />. ===== Ešli Viljams ===== Ešli Viljams ({{Jezyky|en|Ashley Medelin Williams}}) — kosmična pěhotnica Aliansa. Igrač strěčaje ju v prvoj misiji igry. Ona je možnym romantičskym interesom Šeparda-muža. Glas jej dala aktrisa {{-|[[Kimberly Brooks]]}}<ref name=":18" />. ===== Urdnot Reks ===== Urdnot Reks ({{Jezyky|en|Urdnot Wrex}}) — krogan-biotik. Šepard strěčaje jego na Citadeli. Reks imaje praktično obče celji s Šepardom i ide pomogati jemu. Glas jemu dal aktor {{-|[[Steven Barr]]}}<ref name=":18" />. ===== Liara T'Soni ===== Liara T'Soni ({{Jezyky|en|Liara T’Soni}}) — je azarijska naučnica, a takože biotička, koja zajmaje se ksenoarheologijeju. Šepard strěčaje ju v jednoj iz misij igry, po ktoroj ona ide pomogati jemu. Ona je možnym romantičskym interesom za Šepardov obohdvoh polov. Glas jej dala aktrisa {{-|[[Ali Hillis]]}}<ref name=":18" />. ===== Garus Vakarian ===== Garus Vakarian ({{Jezyky|en|Garrus Vakarian}}) — je turianec, ktori rabotaje v službe bezpečnosti Citadele. Posle něktoryh činov od strany administracije služby bezpečnosti Citadele on odhodi odovud i prisjedinjaje se k odredu Šeparda, daby pomogti jemu. Glas jemu dal aktor {{-|[[Brandon James Keener]]}}<ref name=":18" />. ===== Tali Zora ===== Tali Zora ({{Jezyky|en|Tali'Zorah}}) — je kvarianka-tehnička, ktora byla atakovana v čas svojego putovanja něktorymi osobami. Ona imaje něktore silne dokazy o dělah, ktore sut svezany s cěljem raboty Šeparda. Glas jej dala aktrisa {{-|[[Ash Sroka]]}}<ref name=":18" />. ==== Antagonisti ==== ===== Saren Arterius ===== Saren Arterius ({{Jezyky|en|Saren Arterius}}) — je turianec-Spektr, ktory skooperiroval se s getami zaradi někakyh svojih cěljev i jest jedin iz glavnyh antagonistov igry. Glas jemu dal aktor {{-|[[Fred Tatasciore]]}}<ref name=":18" />. == Dodatne epizody ({{-|DLC}}) == Dlja ''{{-|Mass Effect}}'' je bylo izdano 2 {{-|DLC}}: ''{{-|Bring Down the Sky}}'' v marcu 2008 lěta, ''{{-|Pinnacle Station}}'' v avgustu 2009 lěta. V 2012 leto {{-|DLC}} ''{{-|Bring Down the Sky}}'' bylo izdano za {{-|[[PlayStation 3]]}}<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" />, ale ''{{-|Pinnacle Station}}'' izdan ne byl. {| class="wikitable" style="width: 100%;" |- style="text-align: center;" ! rowspan="2" style="width:40%;" |Nazva ! colspan="3" |Data izdanja |- ! style="width:20%;" |{{-|Xbox 360}} ! style="width:20%;" |{{-|Microsoft Windows}} ! style="width:20%;" |{{-|PlayStation 3}} |- | colspan="4" bgcolor="#e6e9ff" | |- align="center" bgcolor="#f2f2f2" | * {{Jezyky|en|Bring Down the Sky}} * {{Jezyky|de|Kollisionskurs}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.eurogamer.de/mass-effect-x57-dlc-kollisionskurs|title=Mass Effect: X57 DLC: Kollisionskurs|date=2008|first=Benjamin|last=Jakobs|lang=de}}</ref><ref name=":14">[https://www.mobygames.com/game/58908/mass-effect/credits/ps3/ MobyGames | Mass Effect Credits Bring Down the Sky: Keywords International Ltd.] </ref> * {{Jezyky|pl|Bring Down the Sky}}<ref name=":14" /> * {{Jezyky|fr|Turbulences à 900 000 Pieds}}<ref name=":14" /><ref>[https://www.gamekult.com/jeux/mass-effect-turbulences-a-900-000-pieds-3010006267.html www.gamekult.com - Mass Effect : Turbulences à 900.000 pieds]</ref> * {{Jezyky|ru|Гибель с небес}}<ref>[https://piper.old-games.ru/project/snowball_ru/www.snowball.ru/me/ Snowball Studios | Mass Effect: Золотое издание] </ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=December 30, 2008 |title="Mass Effect: Гибель с небес". Качаем |url=https://www.cnews.ru/news/line/mass_effect_gibel_s_nebes_kachaem |url-status=live|language=ru}}</ref> * {{Jezyky|it|Impatto imminente}}<ref name=":14" /><ref>[https://www.xbox.com/it-IT/games/store/impatto-imminente-en/BVTTSL5Q7D24 <nowiki>Xbox.com | Impatto imminente [EN]</nowiki>]</ref> |20 marca 2008 lěta |28 maja 2008 lěta<ref name=":10" /> |4 dekembra 2012 lěta<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ixbt.games/news/ps3-versiya-mass-effect-trilogy-v-dekabre.html|title=PS3-версия Mass Effect Trilogy в декабре|date=November 2, 2012|lang=ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2012/12/10/mass-effect-ps3-review|title=Mass Effect PS3 Review|date=December 10, 2012|first=Colin|last=Moriarty|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121212174118/http://www.ign.com/articles/2012/12/10/mass-effect-ps3-review|archive-date=December 12, 2012|lang=en}}</ref> |- | colspan="4" style="border: none; vertical-align: top;" | V {{-|DLC}} jedno zadanje, v ktorom piraty-batarianci ({{Jezyky|en|batarians}}) hčut skydnuti asteroid {{-|X57}} na planetu Tera Nova ({{Jezyky|en|Terra Nova}})<ref name=":11" />. |- | colspan="4" bgcolor="#e6e9ff" | |- align="center" bgcolor="#f2f2f2" |{{Jezyky|en|Pinnacle Station}} |25 avgusta 2009 lěta<ref name=":12" /> |25 avgusta 2009 lěta |nema |- | colspan="4" style="border: none; vertical-align: top;" | To vtoro {{-|DLC}} dodaje trenovačnu kosmičnu stanciju. Jejny komandir je admiral Ahern ({{Jezyky|en|Tadius Ahern}}). Igrač može trenovati se na stancije v simulatoru, ktory imaje 12 scenarijev i bonusny scenarij, ktory simuliruje jedin boj iz Vojny Prvogo Kontakta ({{Jezyky|en|First Contact War}}). Akoli završiti bonusny scenarij, igrač dobyvaje v dar apartamenty na planetě Intajsej ({{Jezyky|en|Intai'sei}}), v ktoryh igrač može kupiti redke predmety za dost malu cenu, ktora je vo mnogo raz niže, neželi v magazinah<ref name=":13" />. |} == Muzika == Muzikalne kompozicije stvorjal [[Jack Wall|Džek Vol]]{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=32}}<ref name=":9">[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1073668/fullcredits/?ref_=tt_cst_sm#amzn1.imdb.concept.name_credit_category.00f5faa0-5f76-4eb5-87a1-ec8d484d1779 Mass Effect (Video Game 2007) - Full cast & crew | Composers] na {{-|[[IMDb]]}}</ref>, ktory do ''{{-|Mass Effect}}'' stvoril saundtrek dlja igry [[Jade Empire]] 2005-go lěta i ktoru takože stvorila [[BioWare]]<ref>[https://www.discogs.com/master/698381-Jack-Wall-Jade-Empire-Original-Video-Game-Soundtrack Jack Wall - Jade Empire (Original Video Game Soundtrack)] na [[Discogs]]</ref><ref>[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0455965/fullcredits/?ref_=tt_cst_sm#amzn1.imdb.concept.name_credit_category.00f5faa0-5f76-4eb5-87a1-ec8d484d1779 Jade Empire (Video Game 2005) - Full cast & crow | Composer] na {{-|[[IMDb]]}}</ref>. 20 novembra 2007-go lěta label [[Sumthing Else]] izdal album ''{{-|Mass Effect Original Game Soundtrack}}''<ref name=":5">{{Cite web| url = https://vgmdb.net/album/5380| title = Mass Effect Original Soundtrack| date = November 13, 2007|lang=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.gamesindustry.biz/sumthing-else-music-works-announces-release-of-the-mass-effect-original-soundtrack-from-the-blockbuster-xbox-360r-video-game| title = Sumthing Else Music Works Announces Release Of The Mass Effect Original Soundtrack From The Blockbuster Xbox 360(R) Video Game| date = November 19, 2007|lang=en}}</ref>, ktory sodržal v sobě 37 kompozicij iz igry (obča dolgota 1 čas i 15 minut), a takože kompoziciju iz albuma [[M4 (muzikalny album)|M4]] kanadskoj [[indie-rock]] grupy [[Faunts (muzikalna grupa)|Faunts]], ktora zvuči v igrě pri finalnyh titrah<ref name=":5" />. 13 novembra 2012-go lěta label [[FUNimation]] izdal album ''{{-|Mass Effect Paragon Lost Original Motion Picture Soundtrack}}'', s dolgotoju 1 čas i 9 minut, ktory sodržal v sobě 27 kompozicij iz [[anime]]-seriala [[Mass Effect: Paragon Lost]]<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/press-release/2012-11-08/mass-effect/paragon-lost-animated-film-score-composed-by-joshua-r-mosley-and-david-kates| title = Mass Effect: Paragon Lost Animated FIlm Score Composed by Joshua R. Mosley and David Kates| date = November 8, 2012|lang=en}}</ref>. {| class="wikitable" |+Spisok kompozicij iz {{-|Mass Effect}}<ref name=":5" /> !№ !Nazva !Avtori !Dolgost |- | align="center" |1 | align="left" |{{-|Mass Effect Theme}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |02:21:00 |- | align="center" |2 | align="left" |{{-|The Normandy}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:35:00 |- | align="center" |3 | align="left" |{{-|Eden Prime}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:34:00 |- | align="center" |4 | align="left" |{{-|Battle At Eden Prime}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:23:00 |- | align="center" |5 | align="left" |{{-|Saren}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |02:00:00 |- | align="center" |6 | align="left" |{{-|The Citadel}} | align="left" |{{-|Richard Jacques, Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:45:00 |- | align="center" |7 | align="left" |{{-|The Presidium}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:32:00 |- | align="center" |8 | align="left" |{{-|The Wards}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |03:14:00 |- | align="center" |9 | align="left" |{{-|Criminal Elements}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:56:00 |- | align="center" |10 | align="left" |{{-|Spectre Induction}} | align="left" |{{-|Richard Jacques, Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:55:00 |- | align="center" |11 | align="left" |{{-|Liara's World}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |02:35:00 |- | align="center" |12 | align="left" |{{-|A Very Dangerous Place}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |02:40:00 |- | align="center" |13 | align="left" |{{-|Feros}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:34:00 |- | align="center" |14 | align="left" |{{-|Protecting The Colony}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:56:00 |- | align="center" |15 | align="left" |{{-|The Thorian}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |03:12:00 |- | align="center" |16 | align="left" |{{-|Noveria}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |02:14:00 |- | align="center" |17 | align="left" |{{-|The Secret Labs}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |02:39:00 |- | align="center" |18 | align="left" |{{-|The Alien Queen}} | align="left" |{{-|Richard Jacques, Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:44:00 |- | align="center" |19 | align="left" |{{-|Fatal Confrontation}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:09:00 |- | align="center" |20 | align="left" |{{-|Saren's Base}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:37:00 |- | align="center" |21 | align="left" |{{-|Breeding Ground}} | align="left" |{{-|Richard Jacques, Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |03:47:00 |- | align="center" |22 | align="left" |{{-|Virmire Ride}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:41:00 |- | align="center" |23 | align="left" |{{-|Exit}} | align="left" |{{-|Richard Jacques, Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:54:00 |- | align="center" |24 | align="left" |{{-|Love Theme}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:54:00 |- | align="center" |25 | align="left" |{{-|Uncharted Worlds}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:16:00 |- | align="center" |26 | align="left" |{{-|Ilos}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:39:00 |- | align="center" |27 | align="left" |{{-|Vigil}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:44:00 |- | align="center" |28 | align="left" |{{-|Sovereign's Theme}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:19:00 |- | align="center" |29 | align="left" |{{-|Uplink}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:12:00 |- | align="center" |30 | align="left" |{{-|Battling Saren}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:38:00 |- | align="center" |31 | align="left" |{{-|In Pursuit Of Saren}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:37:00 |- | align="center" |32 | align="left" |{{-|Infusion}} | align="left" |{{-|Richard Jacques, Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:30:00 |- | align="center" |33 | align="left" |{{-|Final Assault}} | align="left" |{{-|Richard Jacques, Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |02:02:00 |- | align="center" |34 | align="left" |{{-|Victory}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |00:51:00 |- | align="center" |35 | align="left" |{{-|From The Wreckage}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:54:00 |- | align="center" |36 | align="left" |{{-|The End (Reprise)}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:10:00 |- | align="center" |37 | align="left" |{{-|M4 Part II (Faunts)}} | align="left" |{{-|Faunts}} | align="center" |08:18:00 |} == Anons i izdanje == {{Sistemne trěbovanja|useminandrec=1|platform1=Osobne kompjutery|os1={{-|[[Windows XP]]}} i {{-|[[Windows Vista]]}}|os1rec={{-|[[Windows XP]]}} i vyše|cpu1=2,4 {{-|GHz|ГГц}} {{-|[[Intel]]}} ili 2,0 {{-|GHz|ГГц}} {{-|[[AMD]]}}|cpu1rec=2,6 {{-|GHz|ГГц}} {{-|Intel}} ili 2,4 {{-|GHz|ГГц}} {{-|AMD}} i vyše|gpu1=|gpu1rec=|memory1=1 [[Gigabajt|Gb]] {{-|[[RAM]]}} ({{-|XP}})/2 Gb {{-|RAM}} ({{-|Vista}})|memory1rec=2 Gb {{-|RAM}} i vyše|hdspace1=12 Gb|hdspace1rec=12 Gb i vyše|media1=|media1rec=|display1={{-|[[Nvidia GeForce|Nvidia GeForce 6]]}} ({{-|6800GT}} ili lepje) ili / {{-|[[ATI Radeon]]}} {{-|1300XT}} s poddržkoj šajder-modely 3.0|display1rec={{-|[[GeForce]]}} 7900 {{-|GTX}} / {{-|[[ATI Radeon]]}} {{-|X1800 XL}} i vyše|network1=|network1rec=|sound1=Sumestima-kompatibilna s {{-|DirectX 9.0}} sumestima [[zvukova karta]]|sound1rec=Sumestima-kopmatibilna {{-|DirectX 9.0}} s i vyše sumestima [[zvukova karta]]|input1=|input1rec=}} Igra oficialno byla anonsovana je na {{-|[[Xbox show]]}} v [[Amsterdam|Amsterdamu]] 4 oktobra 2005-go lěta.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.ign.com/articles/2005/10/04/x05-mass-effect-eyes-on| title = X05: Mass Effect: Eyes-On| date = October 4, 2005| first = Charles| last = Onyett|lang=en}}</ref> V maju 2006-go lěta demonstracijna versija igry byla prědstavjena na {{-|[[Electronic Entertainment Expo]]}} i dobyla {{-|[[Game Critics Awards]]}} kak najlěpša roljeva igra.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.gamespot.com/articles/e3-06-mass-effect-impressions/1100-6150171/| title = E3 06: Mass Effect Impressions| date = May 11, 2006| first = Greg| last = Mueller|lang=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.ign.com/articles/2006/05/10/e3-2006-mass-effect-impressions| title = E3 2006: Mass Effect Impressions| date = May 10, 2006| first = Charles| last = Onyett|lang=en}}</ref> Novy gejmplej byl pokazan je v septembru 2006-go lěta na {{-|[[Xbox show]]}} v {{-|[[Barselona|Barseloně]]}}.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.gamesindustry.biz/microsoft-announces-x06| title = Microsoft Announces X06| date = June 22, 2006|lang=en}}</ref> V marcu 2007-go lěta gejmplej byl pokazan je cely čas v [[San-Francisko]] na {{-|[[Game Developeres Conference]]}}.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.ign.com/articles/2007/03/07/gdc-2007-mass-effect-the-first-hour| title = GDC 2007: Mass Effect - The First Hour| date = March 7, 2007| first = Hilary| last = Goldstein| first2 = Erik| last2 = Brudvig|lang=en}}</ref> Povtorno igra byla pokazana na {{-|Electronic Entertainment Expo}} v juliju 2007-go lěta.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CItElYfc47g| title = Live from the Santa Monica Pier! Mass Effect Stage Demo| date = July 19, 2007|lang=en}}</ref> V avgustu 2007-go lěta byla pokazana na {{-|[[Games Convention]]}} v [[Leipzig|{{-|Leipzigu|Леjпцигу}}]].<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.gamesindustry.biz/critically-acclaimed-rpg-mass-effect-begins-epic-journey-on-23rd-november-2007| title = Critically-Acclaimed RPG "Mass Effect" Begins Epic Journey on 23rd November 2007| date = August 31, 2007|lang=en}}</ref> V izdanje igra šla 20 novembra 2007-go lěta.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://news.microsoft.com/source/2007/11/20/gamer-excitement-reaches-galactic-proportions-as-mass-effect-touches-down-today-on-retail-shelves-in-north-america/| title = Gamer Excitement Reaches Galactic Proportions as “Mass Effect” Touches Down Today on Retail Shelves in North America| date = November 20, 2007|lang=en}}</ref> == Recenzije == {| class="wikitable" | rowspan="2" align="center" |'''Izdanje''' | colspan="3" align="center" |'''Ocěnka''' |- | align="center" |'''{{-|[[Osobny kompjuter|PC]]}}''' | align="center" |'''{{-|[[PlayStation 3|PS3]]}}''' | align="center" |'''{{-|[[Xbox 360]]}}''' |- | align="left" |{{-|[[GameRankings]]}} | align="left" |89,70 %<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gamerankings.com/pc/944902-mass-effect/index.html|title=Mass Effect for PC|publisher={{-|[[GameRankings]]}}|access-date=2019-12-09|language=en|archive-date=2019-12-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191209015645/https://www.gamerankings.com/pc/944902-mass-effect/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> | align="left" |82,00 %<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gamerankings.com/ps3/689056-mass-effect/index.html|title=Mass Effect PlayStation 3|date=2016-10-05|publisher={{-|[[GameRankings]]}}|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121213034250/http://www.gamerankings.com/ps3/689056-mass-effect/index.html|archive-date=2012-12-13|lang=en}}</ref> | align="left" |91,24 %<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gamerankings.com/xbox360/930279-mass-effect/index.html|title=Mass Effect for Xbox 360|publisher={{-|[[GameRankings]]}}|access-date=2019-12-09|language=en|archive-date=2019-12-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191209013328/https://www.gamerankings.com/xbox360/930279-mass-effect/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[Metacritic]]}} | align="left" |89/100<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.metacritic.com/game/pc/mass-effect|title=Mass Effect (PC)|date=2012-04-24|publisher={{-|[[Metacritic]]}}|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100821111555/http://www.metacritic.com/game/pc/mass-effect|archive-date=2010-08-21|lang=en}}</ref> | align="left" |85/100<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.metacritic.com/game/playstation-3/mass-effect|title=Mass Effect (PlayStation 3)|date=2016-10-05|publisher={{-|[[Metacritic]]}}|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121118033542/http://www.metacritic.com/game/playstation-3/mass-effect|archive-date=2012-11-18|lang=en}}</ref> | align="left" |91/100<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.metacritic.com/game/xbox-360/mass-effect|title=Mass Effect (Xbox 360)|date=2012-04-24|publisher={{-|[[Metacritic]]}}|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100817013510/http://www.metacritic.com/game/xbox-360/mass-effect|archive-date=2010-08-17|lang=en}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[1UP.com]]}} | align="left" |A-<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.1up.com/reviews/mass-effect-review|title=Mass Effect PC Review |author=Thierry Nguyen |date=2008-06-17 |lang=en |work={{-|[[1UP.com]]}}|access-date=2012-04-25 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/68iFKqDnr?url=http://www.1up.com/reviews/mass-effect-review|archive-date=2012-06-26 }}</ref> | align="left" | - | align="left" |A<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.1up.com/reviews/mass-effect |title=Mass Effect (XBOX 360) |author=Jennifer Tsao|date=2007-11-19 |work={{-|[[1UP.com]}} |lang=en |access-date=2012-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120605212422/http://www.1up.com/reviews/mass-effect|archive-date=2012-06-05}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[Computer and Video Games|CVG]]}} | align="left" |9,2/10<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.computerandvideogames.com/190267/reviews/mass-effect-review/ |title=Mass Effect PC Review |lang=en |work={{-|[[Computer and Video Games]]}}|author=Ed Zitron|date=2008-06-04 |access-date=2012-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120312103314/http://www.computerandvideogames.com/190267/reviews/mass-effect-review/|archive-date=2012-03-12}}</ref> | align="left" | - | align="left" |9,0/10<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.computerandvideogames.com/175911/reviews/mass-effect-review/ |title=Mass Effect Xbox Review |lang=en |work={{-|[[Computer and Video Games]]}}|author=Alex Dale|date=2007-11-19 |access-date=2012-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110126035543/http://www.computerandvideogames.com/175911/reviews/mass-effect-review/|archive-date=2011-01-12}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[Edge (žurnal)|Edge]]}} | align="left" |7/10<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.edge-online.com/reviews/mass-effect-review|title=Mass Effect review |lang=en |work={{-|[[Future Publishing]]}}|date=2007-12-02|access-date=2012-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120301013356/http://www.edge-online.com/reviews/mass-effect-review|archive-date=2012-03-01}}</ref> | align="left" | - | align="left" | - |- | align="left" |{{-|[[Eurogamer]]}} | align="left" |8/10<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/mass-effect-review |title=Mass Effect Review |lang=en |work={{-|[[Eurogamer]]}}|author=Kristan Reed|date=2007-11-19|access-date=2012-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111204445/http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/mass-effect-review|archive-date=2009-01-11}}</ref> | align="left" | - | align="left" |8/10<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/mass-effect-review |title=Mass Effect Review |lang=en|work={{-|[[Eurogamer]]}}|author=Kristan Reed|access-date=2012-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111204445/http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/mass-effect-review|archive-date=2009-01-11}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[Game Informer]]}} | align="left" | - | align="left" | - | align="left" |9,75/10 |- | align="left" |{{-|[[GamePro]]}} | align="left" | - | align="left" | - | align="left" |4,75/5<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gamepro.com/article/reviews/148788/mass-effect-the-best-rpg-of-2007/ |title=GamePro review |lang=en |work={{-|[[Gamepro]]}} |author=Cameron Lewis|date=2007-11-19|access-date=2009-05-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080921213613/http://www.gamepro.com/article/reviews/148788/mass-effect-the-best-rpg-of-2007/|archive-date=2008-09-21}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[GameSpot]]}} | align="left" |9,0/10<ref>{{cite web|author=Chris Watters|url=http://www.gamespot.com/mass-effect/reviews/mass-effect-review-6191875/|title=Mass Effect Review for PC|lang=en|work={{-|[[GameSpot]]}}|date=2008-05-28|access-date=2012-04-25|archive-date=2012-05-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120501162723/http://www.gamespot.com/mass-effect/reviews/mass-effect-review-6191875/|url-status=live}}</ref> | align="left" | - | align="left" |8,5/10<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gamespot.com/mass-effect/reviews/mass-effect-review-6183119/|title=GameSpot review|lang=en|author=Kevin VanOrd|work={{-|[[GameSpot]]}}|access-date=2012-04-25|archive-date=2012-05-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120501004812/http://www.gamespot.com/mass-effect/reviews/mass-effect-review-6183119/|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[GameSpy]]}} | align="left" |5 zvězd | align="left" | - | align="left" |5 zvězd<ref>{{cite web|url=http://xbox360.gamespy.com/xbox-360/mass-effect/836239p1.html|title=Gamespy review |lang=en |work={{-|[[GameSpy]]}} |last=Villoria|first=Gerald |access-date=2009-05-25 }}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[GamesRadar (žurnal)|GamesRadar+]]}} | align="left" |9/10 | align="left" | - | align="left" |9/10<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gamesradar.com/mass-effect-12/ |title=Mass Effect review |lang=en |work={{-|[[GamesRadar (žurnal|GamesRadar]]}} |author=Eric Bratcher|access-date=2012-05-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121013070541/http://www.gamesradar.com/mass-effect-review/|archive-date=2012-10-13}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[GameTrailers]]}} | align="left" | - | align="left" | - | align="left" |9,6/10<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.gametrailers.com/gamereview.php?id=2211|title=Mass Effect |website={{-|[[GameTrailers]]}}|access-date=February 22, 2009|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090222082413/http://www.gametrailers.com/gamereview.php?id=2211 |archive-date=February 22, 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[IGN]]}} | align="left" |9,4/10<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2008/05/27/mass-effect-review |title=Mass Effect Review |website={{-|[[IGN]]}}|access-date=October 1, 2016 |author=Jason Ocampo |date=May 27, 2008 |lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140530035846/http://www.ign.com/articles/2008/05/27/mass-effect-review |archive-date=May 30, 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> | align="left" |9,0/10<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2012/12/10/mass-effect-ps3-review |title=Mass Effect PS3 Review |website={{-|[[IGN]]}}|access-date=October 2, 2016 |author=Colin Moriarty |date=December 10, 2012 |lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160129185655/http://www.ign.com/articles/2012/12/10/mass-effect-ps3-review |archive-date=January 29, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> | align="left" |9,4/10<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2007/11/19/mass-effect-review-2 |title=Mass Effect Review |website={{-|[[IGN]]}}|access-date=October 1, 2016 |author=Erik Brudvig |date=November 19, 2007 |lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160924220330/http://www.ign.com/articles/2007/11/19/mass-effect-review-2 |archive-date=September 24, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[Official Xbox Magazine]]}} | align="left" | - | align="left" | - | align="left" |10/10<ref>{{Cite magazine |url=http://www.oxmonline.com/mass-effect-review |title=Mass Effect review |magazine={{-|[[Official Xbox Magazine]]}}|author=Paul Curthoys |date=November 19, 2007 |access-date=October 6, 2011 |lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111006140039/http://www.oxmonline.com/mass-effect-review |archive-date=October 6, 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[X-Play]]}} | align="left" |5 zvězd | align="left" | - | align="left" |5 zvězd |- | align="left" |{{-|[[3DNews]]}} | align="left" |9,5/10 | align="left" | - | align="left" | - |- | align="left" |{{-|[[Absolute Games]]}} | align="left" |79 %<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ag.ru/games/mass-effect/review |title=Рецензия на Mass Effect |author=Nomad |date=2008-06-15 |access-date=2019-12-12 |lang=ru |work={{-|[[Absolute Games]]}}|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130101061931/https://ag.ru/games/mass-effect/review|archive-date=2013-01-01}}</ref> | align="left" | - | align="left" | - |- | align="left" |{{-|[[PlayGround.ru]]}} | align="left" |8,6/10<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.playground.ru/articles/21303/ |title=Mass Effect. Сны о чем-то большем |author=demigot |date=2008-06-26 |access-date=2012-04-24 |lang=ru |work={{-|[[PlayGround.ru|Playground]]}}|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200812202004/https://www.playground.ru/mass_effect/opinion/mass_effect_sny_o_chem_to_bolshem-421303|archive-date=2020-08-12}}</ref> | align="left" | - | align="left" | - |- | align="left" |{{-|[[Игромания (žurnal)|Игромания]]}} | align="left" |9,5/10<ref>{{Cite web |author=Курган, Георгий |title=Полные рецензии > Mass Effect |url=http://www.igromania.ru/articles/56443/Mass_Effect.htm |work={{-|[[Игромания (žurnal)|Игромания]]}} |year=2008|publisher={{-|Игромедиа}}|lang=ru |archive-date=2012-04-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120411071729/http://www.igromania.ru/articles/56443/Mass_Effect.htm }}</ref> | align="left" | - | align="left" | - |} == Prodolženje-sikvel == Tvorjenje vtoroj igry počelo se v početku 2008-go lěta. {{-|[[Mass Effect 2]]}} byla izdana je 26 januara 2010-go lěta<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.vg247.com/mass-effect-comfirmed-for-january-2010-release-with-preorder-bonus| title = Mass Effect 2 confirmed for January 2010 release with preorder bonus| date = October 16, 2009| first = Stephany| last = Nunneley-Jackson|lang=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.cnews.ru/news/line/mass_effect_2_data_vyhoda| title = Mass Effect 2. Дата выхода| date = October 17, 2009|lang=ru}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web| url = https://gamemag.ru/news/48799/mass-effect-2-stal-pervym-igrovym-blokbasterom-2010-goda| title = Mass Effect 2 стал первым игровым блокбастером 2010 года| date = February 3, 2010| first = Сергей| last = Дьяконенко|lang=ru}}</ref>. Na {{-|PlayStation 3}} igra byla izdana 18 januara 2011-go lěta<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2010/12/09/mass-effect-2-ps3-release-date|title=Mass Effect 2 PS3 Release Date|date=December 9, 2010|first=Jim|last=Reilly|lang=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blog.bioware.com/2010/12/15/mass-effect-2-on-playstation-3-podcast-and-gold-announcement/|title=Mass Effect 2 on Playstation 3 Podcast and Gold Announcement|date=December 15, 2010|first=Evil Chris|last=Priestly|lang=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.ea.com/press-releases/press-releases-details/2011/BioWares-Award-Winning-Mass-Effect-2-Makes-PlayStation-3-Debut-Today/default.aspx|date=January 18, 2011|title=BioWare’s Award-Winning Mass Effect 2 Makes PlayStation 3 Debut Today|lang=en}}</ref>. V {{-|Mass Effect 2}} možno importovati shranjenu igru iz {{-|Mass Effect}} — dejanja iz prvoj igry imajut vliv vo vtoroj<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2009/12/28/mass-effect-2-importing-requires-hard-drive|title=Mass Effect 2 Importing Requires Hard Drive|date=December 28, 2009|first=Jim|last=Reilly|lang=en}}</ref>. == Iztočniky == {{Iztočniky}} == Vnešne linky == * {{MobyGames|31277/mass-effect/}} [[Kategorija:Mass Effect]] [[Kategorija:Kompjuterne igry, ktore stvorila BioWare]] [[Kategorija:Kompjuterne igry, ktore izdala Electronic Arts]] [[Kategorija:Igry za Windows]] [[Kategorija:Igry za Xbox 360]] [[Kategorija:Igry na igromotoru Unreal Engine 3]] [[Kategorija:Igry za PlayStation 3]] [[Kategorija:Videoigry]] filou660j7i0cux9v9hlnairuz7gdyn 45571 45569 2026-08-12T12:09:00Z Ilja isv 10 /* Muzika */ 45571 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kartka kompjuterna igra |obložka= |nazva = {{-|Mass Effect}} |razrabotniki={{-|[[BioWare]]}} |izdatelji={{-|[[Microsoft Game Studios]]}}, {{-|[[Electronic Arts]]}} |serija={{-|[[Mass Effect]]}} |dataizdanja={{-|[[Xbox 360]]}}: [[Severna Amerika]]: 20 novembra 2007 [[Avstralija]]: 22 novembra 2007 [[Evropejsky sojuz]]: 23 novembra 2007 {{-|[[Microsoft Windows|Windows]]}}: [[Severna Amerika]]: 28 maja 2008 [[Avstralija]]: 5 junija 2008 [[Evropejsky sojuz]]: 6 junija 2008 {{-|[[PlayStation 3]]}}: [[Severna Amerika]]: 4 dekembra 2012 [[Evropejsky sojuz]]: 7 dekembra 2012 |žanr={{-|action role-playing}} |platformy={{-|[[Xbox 360]], [[Microsoft Windows]], [[PlayStation 3]]}} |igrovy motor={{-|[[Unreal Engine 3]]}}<ref>{{Cite web| url=https://www.unrealengine.com/blog/mass-effect| title=Critically Acclaimed Mass Effect Powered by Unreal Engine 3| date=November 20, 2007| first=John| last=Gaudiosi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.gamesradar.com/mass-effect-legendary-edition-uses-unreal-engine-3-for-good-reason-according-to-the-developers/ |title=Mass Effect: Legendary Edition uses Unreal Engine 3 for good reason according to the developers |website=GamesRadar+ |date=4 February 2021 |access-date=12 October 2022 |archive-date=6 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210206190428/https://www.gamesradar.com/mass-effect-legendary-edition-uses-unreal-engine-3-for-good-reason-according-to-the-developers/ |url-status=live }}</ref> |režim igry=jedin igrač |glava=[[Casey Hudson|Kejsi Hadson]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://akamai.cdn.ea.com/eadownloads/u/f/manuals/GAME-MASSEFFECT/Manuals.zip|type=zip|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250101115505/http://akamai.cdn.ea.com/eadownloads/u/f/manuals/GAME-MASSEFFECT/Manuals.zip|archive-date=2025-01-01|access-date=2026-08-12|ref= {{sfnref|Manual|2008}}|title= Mass Effect PC Manual|year=2008 }}</ref> |gejmdizajner=Preston Wataman{{-|iu|jу}}k{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=32}} |programist=David Falkner{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=32}}<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1073668/fullcredits/?ref_=tt_cst_sm#amzn1.imdb.concept.name_credit_category.a7c2d410-e513-4bd7-85d5-73060ec46a84 Mass Effect (Video Game 2007) - Full cast & crew | Additional Crew] na {{-|[[IMDb]]}}</ref> |hudožnik=Derek Watts{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=32}}<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1073668/fullcredits/?ref_=tt_cst_sm#amzn1.imdb.concept.name_credit_category.60a44752-af76-44f7-9de0-ec51aea2180d Mass Effect (Video Game 2007) - Full cast & crew | Art Director] na {{-|[[IMDb]]}}</ref> |kompozitori=[[Jack Wall|Džek Vol]],{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=32}}<ref name=":9" /> [[Sam Hulick|Sam Hulik]],{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=32}}<ref name=":9" /> [[Richard Jacques|Rišar Žak]],{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=32}}<ref name=":9" /> David {{-|Kates|Кеjтс}}{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=32}}<ref name=":9" />|jezyky interfejsa=[[Anglijsky jezyk|anglijsky]], [[Francuzsky jezyk|francuzsky]], [[Němečsky jezyk|němečsky]], [[Špansky jezyk|špansky]], [[Italijansky jezyk|italijansky]], [[Russky jezyk|russky]], [[Poljsky jezyk|poljsky]]}} '''''{{-|Mass Effect}}''''' ({{Jezyky|isv|Efekt masy}}) — [[kompjuterna igra]] v žanru {{-|action-role-play}}, ktoru stvorila studija {{-|[[BioWare]]}} i izdala {{-|[[Microsoft Game Studios]]}} v lětu 2007.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.ign.com/articles/2007/11/19/mass-effect-review-2| date = November 19, 2007| title = Mass Effect Review| first = Erik| last = Brudvig|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161005213517/http://www.ign.com/articles/2007/11/19/mass-effect-review-2|archive-date=2016-10-05}}</ref> Je prvoju čestju [[Mass Effect|serije {{-|Mass Effect}}]]. V 2007 leto igra prišla jedino toliko na {{-|[[Xbox 360]]}}.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web| url = http://xbox360.gamespy.com/xbox-360/mass-effect/836239p1.html| title = Mass Effect| date = November 19, 2007| first = Gerald| last = Villoria|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071120143528/http://xbox360.gamespy.com/xbox-360/mass-effect/836239p1.html|archive-date=2007-11-20}}</ref> V 2008 javila se versija igry na {{-|[[Microsoft Windows|Windows]]}},<ref name=":1">{{Cite web| url = http://pc.gamespy.com/pc/bioware-rpg/877353p1.html| title = BioWare's space opera comes to PC and is still one of the greatest role-playing games we've ever played.| date = May 28, 2008| first = Gerald| last = Villoria|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080531073014/http://pc.gamespy.com/pc/bioware-rpg/877353p1.html|archive-date=2008-05-31}}</ref> v 2012 prišla versija na {{-|[[PlayStation 3]]}}.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.ign.com/articles/2012/09/26/mass-effect-trilogy-set-announced| title = Mass Effect Trilogy Set Announced| date = September 26, 2012| first = Andrew| last = Goldfarb|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120926193158/http://www.ign.com/articles/2012/09/26/mass-effect-trilogy-set-announced|archive-date=2012-09-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.gamespot.com/articles/mass-effect-trilogy-comes-to-ps3-dec-4/1100-6399374/| title = Mass Effect Trilogy comes to PS3 Dec. 4| date = November 2, 2010| first = Eddie| last = Makuch|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107221336/https://www.gamespot.com/articles/mass-effect-trilogy-comes-to-ps3-dec-4/1100-6399374/|archive-date=2017-11-07}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web| url = https://blog.bioware.com/2012/11/01/ryan-warden-an-update-on-the-mass-effect-trilogy/| title = Ryan Warden: An Update on the Mass Effect Trilogy| date = November 1, 2012|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103041035/http://blog.bioware.com/2012/11/01/ryan-warden-an-update-on-the-mass-effect-trilogy/|archive-date=2012-11-03}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web| url = https://www.ign.com/articles/2012/11/30/reminder-mass-effect-comes-to-ps3-very-soon| title = Reminder: Mass Effect Comes to PS3 Very Soon| date = November 30, 2012| first = Colin| last = Moriarty|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121203054258/http://www.ign.com/articles/2012/11/30/reminder-mass-effect-comes-to-ps3-very-soon|archive-date=2012-12-03}}</ref> Sjužet igry govori o tom, že v 22-om stoletju [[člověčstvo]] spoznalo i naučilo se rabotati s tehnologijeju svrhsvětlovyh lětanij v [[Kosmos|kosmosu]] s pomočju nekakogo nulovogo elementa, ktory obnuloval masu-težinu (toj moment vpisan je v nazvanje igry). A takože v to stolětje ljudi zakontaktovali se s inoplanetnymi civilizacijami.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=6}} Glavny heroj ili herojinja (to izbiraje igrač) igry komander Šepard dobyvaje status Spektra — specialnogo soldata na služenju galaktičnoj rady-sověta Citadely, i so svojim odredom pošeti različne mesta i zvezdne sistemy galaktiky. V 2008 lětu za igru izdali dodatny kontent pod nazvoju ''{{-|Bring Down the Sky}}'',<ref name=":10">{{Cite web| url = http://pc.gamespy.com/pc/bioware-rpg/894639p1.html| title = Free Downloadable Content Now Available for Mass Effect PC| date = July 29, 2008|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080802190447/http://pc.gamespy.com/pc/bioware-rpg/894639p1.html|archive-date=2008-08-08}}</ref> v ktorom potrebno bylo spasati planetu Tera Nova od asteroida {{-|X57}} i teroristov.<ref name=":11">{{Cite web| url = https://www.ign.com/articles/2008/02/25/mass-effect-bring-down-the-sky-interview| title = Mass Effect: Bring Down the Sky Interview| date = February 25, 2008| first = Erik| last = Brudvig|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130216182140/http://www.ign.com/articles/2008/02/25/mass-effect-bring-down-the-sky-interview|archive-date=2013-02-16}}</ref> V 2009 lětu za igru izdali dodatny kontent pod nazvoju ''{{-|Pinnacle Station}}'', ktory dodaval nekoliko zadanij, a takože možnost dobyti v nagradu apartamenty.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.eurogamer.net/me-pinnacle-station-dlc-detailed| title = New Mass Effect DLC detailed| date = August 24, 2009| first = Robert| last = Purchese|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128113544/https://www.eurogamer.net/me-pinnacle-station-dlc-detailed|archive-date=2022-11-28}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite web| url = https://gamemag.ru/news/44026/mass-effect-dopolnenie-pinnacle-station-dostupno-v-xbox-live| title = Mass Effect: Дополнение "Pinnacle Station" доступно в Xbox Live| date = August 24, 2009| last = livesaifer|lang=ru|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260731230912/https://gamemag.ru/news/44026/mass-effect-dopolnenie-pinnacle-station-dostupno-v-xbox-live|archive-date=2026-07-31}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.gamespot.com/articles/new-mass-effect-dlc-avatar-items-now-available/1100-6216123/| title = New Mass Effect DLC, avatar items now available. UPDATE Microsoft releases Pinnacle Station, a 13-mission, two-to-three-hour add-on to the popular Xbox 360 role-playing game; Mass Effect outfits hit Marketplace en masse.| date = August 25, 2009| first = Tor| last = Thorsen|lang=en}}</ref><ref name=":13">{{Cite web| url = https://www.ign.com/articles/2009/08/25/mass-effect-pinnacle-station-review| title = Mass Effect: Pinnacle Station Review| date = August 25, 2009| first = Erik| last = Brudvig|lang=en}}</ref> Dalje byli izdane igry {{-|[[Mass Effect 2]]}} v 2010 lětu i {{-|[[Mass Effect 3]]}} v 2012,<ref name=":4" /> ktore stvorili trilogiju o komanderu Šepardu. V 2021 leto igra byla obnovjena v svezku izdanja {{-|[[Mass Effect: Legendary Edition]]}}.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://news.ea.com/press-releases/press-releases-details/2021/Relive-the-Award-Winning-Space-Opera-in-Mass-Effect-Legendary-Edition-on-May-14/default.aspx| title = Relive the Award-Winning Space Opera in Mass Effect Legendary Edition on May 14| date = February 2, 2021|lang=en}}</ref> == Gejmplej == ''{{-|Mass Effect}} '' — je igra v žanru {{-|action-rpg}} za jednogo igrača, v ktoroj igrač upravjaje komanderom Šepardom ({{Jezyky|en|Commander Shepard}}) s pogledom od tretjego lica. Pred početkom igry potrebno izbrati ime igrača (ktoro na igrovy svet ne vlijaje), pol, izgled, jedin iz nekoliko variantov predhistorije, igrovy klas-specialnost. {{sfn|Manual|2008|p=7-9}} Za izbor dostupne sut 6 klasov. Každy klas imaje svoju specialnost v oružju i sposobnostah.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=8}} Igrač i učestniki odreda mogut orudovati vsakym oružjem, ale efektivnost togo zavisi od klasa i parametrov každogo.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=8}} Na kosmičnom korabu igrača dostupna je karta galaktiky, s pomočju ktoroj igrač može premeščati se po svetu. V galaktikě sut grupy-skupiny zvezd, v ktoryh sut zvezdne sistemy, v ktoryh už sut planety i kosmične stancije. Za premeščenije medžu grupami zvezd potrebno upotrebjati retranslatory masy ({{Jezyky|en|Mass-Relay}}).{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=14-15}} Kosmičny korab igrača imaje nazvu "Normandija" ({{Jezyky|en|Normandy SR-1}}) — to je esperimentalny korab, ktory stvorili naučniki Aliansa sistem ({{Jezyky|en|Systems Alliance}}) v koperacije s turianskymi ({{Jezyky|en|turians}}) specialistami. Toj korab upotrebjaje se igračem za putovanje medžu planetami i zvezdami s pomočju interaktivnoj karty. Na korabu irač može govoriti s ljudami-služebnikami koraba (medikami, inženjerami) i učestnikami svojego odreda. Na planetah i stancijah igrač izpolnjaje zadanja-operacije, kvesty i vzajemodejstvuje s {{-|NPC}}.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=10-11}} Po završenju-koncu zadanij igrač dobyvaje specialne pointy, ktore dozvoljajut razvivati sposobnosti, dobyvaje predmety za inventar. Inventar imaje razmer v 150 elementov-predmetov. Nepotrebne predmety možno prodati, utilizirovati v omni-gel, ktory je potreben za otkrytje zamkov i remonta vsekdehoda "Mako".{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=22}} Vsekdehod "Mako" možno upotrebjati na planetah za preměščenje na velike distancije i strěljbu po neprijateljam. Takože vsekdehod je pomočen na nektoryh zlyh planetah, na ktoryh okolična pogoda jest škodliva dlja odreda.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=26}} A na kosmičnyh stancijah i planetah možno kupiti različne predmety kako oružje, bronju i dodatne ulepšenja. === Bojeva sistema === Boji idut v realnom času. Igrač upravjaje Šepardom od tretjego lica. V odredu igrača takože je jedino dva personaža, ktorymi upravjaje kompjuter i ktorym može davati komandy igrač, naprimer: atakovati neprijatelja, zajeti ukrytje i tako dalje.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=16-17}} V čas boja igrač može otkryti taktično menju, ktoro stopuje igru i v ktorom možno smeniti oružje, ukazati koju sposobnost upotrebiti (kako Šepardu tako i učestnikam odreda). Každa sposobnost imaje svoju meru-vreme za obnovjene posle každogo upotrebjenja.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=16-17}} Oružje igrača ne trebuje naboja, jednako dost silna streljba može pregreti oružje i nektoro vreme nemožno bude streljati. To trebuje delati pauzu medžu streljanjem. V igrě sut 4 tipov oružja: pistolety, pompovky, vintovky, snajperske ružja i granaty.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=18-19}} Bronja takože različna: legka, sredna, težka. Vsaka bronja imaje različne specializacije i sposobnosti. Takože može byti ograničenje v zavisnosti od klasa igrača ili učestnika odreda. Takože je razlika medžu civilizacijami: ljudi i azari ({{Jezyky|en|asari}}) mogut nositi jednu bronju, turianci imajut svoju bronju, krogani ({{Jezyky|en|krogans}}) svoju.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=20-21}} Akoli gibnut učestniki odreda, to ih možno lečiti s pomočju medi-gela, akoli gibne igrač, to treba restartovati igru od poslednego shranjenja. === Dialogova sistema === Igrač izbiraje varianty za odgovor s pomočju dialogovogo kolesa ({{Jezyky|en|dialogue wheel}}).{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=10-11}} Obyčajno, ale ne vsegda, v pravoj vrhnoj straně sut rečenja heroja-paragona, a v pravoj nižnej-dolnoj straně sut rečenja odstupnika-renegata. Rečenja heroja sut sinjego cveta-kolora, a odstupnika-renegata črvenogo. V levoj straně kolesa sut varianty rečenja, ktore mogut zapytati nekojego {{-|NPC}} o predmetě govorenja. Herojske-paragonske rečenja dodajut igraču pointy heroja, a odstupničske-renegatske dajut pointy renegata. Te pointy dajut nove varianty dejanij v različne momenty igry. Te varianty mogut dati dodatnu informaciju, izbegti boja, spasti nekojego.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=24}} == Sjužet == === Igrovy svet === Dejanje tutoj igry ide v [[Mlěčny put|Mlěčnom putu]] v 22 stoletju. Človečstvo spoznalo letanja v kosmosu s pomočju nulevogo elementa i mas-retranslatorov ({{Jezyky|en|mass relays}}). Retranslatory směnšajut masu-težinu korabov do nula i s pomočju togo koraby kako by teleportujut se{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=6}}. Krome človečstva v galaktikě sut množstva drugyh inoplanetnyh civilizacij, nektora čest kojih stvorila specialny Sovět na kosmičnoj stanciji Citadel. Osnovne civilizacije sut azari ({{Jezyky|en|asari}}), turianci ({{Jezyky|en|turians}}) i salarianci ({{Jezyky|en|salarians}})<ref>{{-|[[BioWare]]}}. {{-|Mass Effect}} (2007). Igrovy Kodeks: "Inoplanetjani: Rasy v Sovetě Citadely" ({{Jezyky|en|Aliens: Council Races}}).</ref>. Nektore civilizacije sut prědstavjene na Citadelě s pomočju ambasad: volusi ({{Jezyky|en|voluses}}), hanari ({{Jezyky|en|hanars}}), elkori ({{Jezyky|en|elcors}}), a takože ljudi<ref>{{-|[[BioWare]]}}. {{-|Mass Effect}} (2007). Igrovy Kodeks: "Inoplanetjani: Rasy ne v Sovetě Citadely" ({{Jezyky|en|Aliens: Non-Council Races}}).</ref>. Takože sut nektore civilizacije, ktore živut vne Citadelskogo prostora: krogani ({{Jezyky|en|krogans}}), batarianci ({{Jezyky|en|batarians}}), kvarianci ({{Jezyky|en|quarians}}). Vse životne civilizacije v igrě imajut nazvu ''organične'', a robotove civilizacije, kako gety ({{Jezyky|en|geths}}) i Žnecy ({{Jezyky|en|Reapers}}) ''sintetične''. Člověčstvo prvy raz strětilo se s inymi civilizacijami (turiancami) v 2149 lětu i ta strěča počela se kako vojna, ktora skoro završila se. Ljudi izšli v novy sektor kosmosa s pomočju retranslatora, ale zakon Citadele ne dozvoljaje aktivirovati nerazvedane retranslatory; zamesto govorenja turianci izničtožili prve koraby ljudij i to dejanje stalo pričinoju vojny.<ref name=":17">[[BioWare]]. {{-|Mass Effect}} (2007). Igrovy Kodeks: "Človečstvo i Alians Sistem" ({{Jezyky|en|Humanity and the Systems Alliance}}).</ref> Potom človečstvo dobylo svoje město v galaktičnom sociumu posle nektoryh drugyh dejanij<ref name=":17" />. Na moment početka igry komander Šepard potreben byl stati prvym človekom Spektrom. Spektri sut specialni ljudi, u kojih administracija je Sovět Citadele<ref>{{-|[[BioWare]]}}. {{-|Mass Effect}} (2007). Igrovy Kodeks: "Citadel i Galaktičska vlada" ({{Jezyky|en|Citadel and Galactic Government}}).</ref>. === Personaži === ==== Šepard ==== Glavny personaž igry je komander Šepard ({{Jezyky|en|Shepard}}). V zavisnosti od igrača Šepard može byti žena ili muž. Standardno mužsko ime je Džon ({{Jezyky|en|John}}), a žensko Džejn ({{Jezyky|en|Jane}}). Prědhistorija Šeparda takože izbiraje se igračem: {| class="wikitable" |+Varianty biografije Šeparda{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=7-9}} ! colspan="2" |Do armije |- |Kolonist ({{Jezyky|en|colonist}}) |Dětinstvo Šeparda bylo na kolonije Mindoir. Koloniju atakovali sut piraty-rabotrgovci i ubili jegovyh roditeljev. Šeparda vzeli k sobe dozorny patrol Aliansa. Kogda Šepardu stalo 18 let, on pošel v armiju Aliansa. |- |Rodženi na Zemji ({{Jezyky|en|Earthborn}}) |Šepard byl sirota i jegovo dětinstvo prošlo v uličnyh bandah. Kogda Šepardu stalo 18 let, on pošel v armiju. |- |Kosmičnik ({{Jezyky|en|Spacer}}) |Roditelji Šeparda sut vojskovi ljudi. Vse dětinstvo Šepard byl na kosmičnyh korabah. Potom zapisal se v armiju Aliansa. |- ! colspan="2" |V čas služenja v armije |- |Heroj vojny ({{Jezyky|en|War Hero}}) |V čas služenja na člověčskoj koloniji Elizium ({{Jezyky|en|Elysium}}) bojeval protiv piratov, kojih bylo mnogo, odbivši ataku. |- |Izživši ({{Jezyky|en|Sole Survivor}}) |Na planetě Akuza ({{Jezyky|en|Akuze}}) odred Šeparda byl atakovan velikym inoplanetnym životnym i byl cělo izničtoženy. Ostal jedino Šepard. |- |Ljuty ({{Jezyky|en|Ruthless}}) |Na planetě Torfan ({{Jezyky|en|Torfan}}) Šepard izgubil 3/4 svojego odreda, ale izpolnil zadanje, a takože izničil vsih neprijatelskyh piratov-batariancev. |} Mužsky glas Šeparda dal aktor {{-|[[Mark Meer]]}}<ref name=":18">[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1073668/fullcredits/?ref_=tt_cst_sm#amzn1.imdb.concept.name_credit_group.7caf7d16-5db9-4f4f-8864-d4c6e711c686 Mass Effect (Video Game 2007) - Full cast] na [[IMDb]]</ref>. Žensky glas Šeparda dala aktrisa {{-|[[Jennifer Hale]]}}<ref name=":18" />. ==== Ekipa Normandije ==== ===== Džef Džoker Moro ===== Džef Džoker Moro ({{Jezyky|en|Jeff Joker Moreau}}) — je profesionalny pilot Normandije. Imaje veliku problemu s kostami, one sut slabe. Glas jemu dal aktor {{-|[[Seth Benjamin Gesshel Green]]}}<ref>[https://www.mobygames.com/person/266203/seth-b-green/credits/ Seth B. Green - Video Game Credits - MobyGames], "Mass Effect (2007, Xbox 360) Jeff “Joker” Moreau"</ref><ref name=":18" />. ===== Greg Adams ===== Greg Adams ({{Jezyky|en|Greg Adams}}) — je glavny inženjer Normandije. On rabotaje v inženjernoj sekciji koraba. Glas jemu dal aktor {{-|[[Roger Labon Jackson]]}}<ref>[https://www.mobygames.com/person/1179/roger-labon-jackson/credits/ Roger Labon Jackson - Video Game Credits - MobyGames], "Mass Effect (2007, Xbox 360) Additional Voices"</ref><ref name=":18" />. ===== Karin Čakvas ===== Karin Čakvas ({{Jezyky|en|Karin Chakwas}}) — je glavna doktorka Normandije. Glas jej dala aktrisa {{-|[[Carolyn Seymour]]}}<ref>[https://www.mobygames.com/person/17150/carolyn-seymour/credits/ Carolyn Seymour - Video Game Credits - MobyGames], "Mass Effect (2007, Xbox 360) Additional Voices"</ref><ref name=":18" />. ==== Osnovne učestniki odreda ==== ===== Ričard Dženkins ===== Ričard Dženkins ({{Jezyky|en|Richard L. Jenkins}}) — soldat Aliansa. Imaje klas i sposobnosti soldata. Jegovo ime i historija v igrě imaje svez s mem-personažem Lirojem Dženkinsom. Glas jemu dal aktor {{-|[[George Joshua Christian Dean]]}}<ref>[https://www.mobygames.com/person/122414/josh-dean/credits/ Josh  Dean - Video Game Credits - MobyGames], "Mass Effect (2007, Xbox 360) Additional Voices"</ref><ref name=":18" />. ===== Kajdan Alenko ===== Kajdan Alenko ({{Jezyky|en|Kaidan Alenko}}) — lejtenant-poručnik, a takože biotik. Kako igrovy personaž imaje sposobnosti-specializaciju biotika. On je vozmožny romantičsky interes Šeparda-ženy. Glas jemu dal aktor {{-|[[Raphael Sbarge]]}}<ref>[https://www.mobygames.com/person/9258/raphael-sbarge/credits/ Raphael Sbarge - Video Game Credits - MobyGames], "Mass Effect (Xbox 360) Kaidan Alenko"</ref><ref name=":18" />. ===== Ešli Viljams ===== Ešli Viljams ({{Jezyky|en|Ashley Medelin Williams}}) — kosmična pěhotnica Aliansa. Igrač strěčaje ju v prvoj misiji igry. Ona je možnym romantičskym interesom Šeparda-muža. Glas jej dala aktrisa {{-|[[Kimberly Brooks]]}}<ref name=":18" />. ===== Urdnot Reks ===== Urdnot Reks ({{Jezyky|en|Urdnot Wrex}}) — krogan-biotik. Šepard strěčaje jego na Citadeli. Reks imaje praktično obče celji s Šepardom i ide pomogati jemu. Glas jemu dal aktor {{-|[[Steven Barr]]}}<ref name=":18" />. ===== Liara T'Soni ===== Liara T'Soni ({{Jezyky|en|Liara T’Soni}}) — je azarijska naučnica, a takože biotička, koja zajmaje se ksenoarheologijeju. Šepard strěčaje ju v jednoj iz misij igry, po ktoroj ona ide pomogati jemu. Ona je možnym romantičskym interesom za Šepardov obohdvoh polov. Glas jej dala aktrisa {{-|[[Ali Hillis]]}}<ref name=":18" />. ===== Garus Vakarian ===== Garus Vakarian ({{Jezyky|en|Garrus Vakarian}}) — je turianec, ktori rabotaje v službe bezpečnosti Citadele. Posle něktoryh činov od strany administracije služby bezpečnosti Citadele on odhodi odovud i prisjedinjaje se k odredu Šeparda, daby pomogti jemu. Glas jemu dal aktor {{-|[[Brandon James Keener]]}}<ref name=":18" />. ===== Tali Zora ===== Tali Zora ({{Jezyky|en|Tali'Zorah}}) — je kvarianka-tehnička, ktora byla atakovana v čas svojego putovanja něktorymi osobami. Ona imaje něktore silne dokazy o dělah, ktore sut svezany s cěljem raboty Šeparda. Glas jej dala aktrisa {{-|[[Ash Sroka]]}}<ref name=":18" />. ==== Antagonisti ==== ===== Saren Arterius ===== Saren Arterius ({{Jezyky|en|Saren Arterius}}) — je turianec-Spektr, ktory skooperiroval se s getami zaradi někakyh svojih cěljev i jest jedin iz glavnyh antagonistov igry. Glas jemu dal aktor {{-|[[Fred Tatasciore]]}}<ref name=":18" />. == Dodatne epizody ({{-|DLC}}) == Dlja ''{{-|Mass Effect}}'' je bylo izdano 2 {{-|DLC}}: ''{{-|Bring Down the Sky}}'' v marcu 2008 lěta, ''{{-|Pinnacle Station}}'' v avgustu 2009 lěta. V 2012 leto {{-|DLC}} ''{{-|Bring Down the Sky}}'' bylo izdano za {{-|[[PlayStation 3]]}}<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" />, ale ''{{-|Pinnacle Station}}'' izdan ne byl. {| class="wikitable" style="width: 100%;" |- style="text-align: center;" ! rowspan="2" style="width:40%;" |Nazva ! colspan="3" |Data izdanja |- ! style="width:20%;" |{{-|Xbox 360}} ! style="width:20%;" |{{-|Microsoft Windows}} ! style="width:20%;" |{{-|PlayStation 3}} |- | colspan="4" bgcolor="#e6e9ff" | |- align="center" bgcolor="#f2f2f2" | * {{Jezyky|en|Bring Down the Sky}} * {{Jezyky|de|Kollisionskurs}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.eurogamer.de/mass-effect-x57-dlc-kollisionskurs|title=Mass Effect: X57 DLC: Kollisionskurs|date=2008|first=Benjamin|last=Jakobs|lang=de}}</ref><ref name=":14">[https://www.mobygames.com/game/58908/mass-effect/credits/ps3/ MobyGames | Mass Effect Credits Bring Down the Sky: Keywords International Ltd.] </ref> * {{Jezyky|pl|Bring Down the Sky}}<ref name=":14" /> * {{Jezyky|fr|Turbulences à 900 000 Pieds}}<ref name=":14" /><ref>[https://www.gamekult.com/jeux/mass-effect-turbulences-a-900-000-pieds-3010006267.html www.gamekult.com - Mass Effect : Turbulences à 900.000 pieds]</ref> * {{Jezyky|ru|Гибель с небес}}<ref>[https://piper.old-games.ru/project/snowball_ru/www.snowball.ru/me/ Snowball Studios | Mass Effect: Золотое издание] </ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=December 30, 2008 |title="Mass Effect: Гибель с небес". Качаем |url=https://www.cnews.ru/news/line/mass_effect_gibel_s_nebes_kachaem |url-status=live|language=ru}}</ref> * {{Jezyky|it|Impatto imminente}}<ref name=":14" /><ref>[https://www.xbox.com/it-IT/games/store/impatto-imminente-en/BVTTSL5Q7D24 <nowiki>Xbox.com | Impatto imminente [EN]</nowiki>]</ref> |20 marca 2008 lěta |28 maja 2008 lěta<ref name=":10" /> |4 dekembra 2012 lěta<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ixbt.games/news/ps3-versiya-mass-effect-trilogy-v-dekabre.html|title=PS3-версия Mass Effect Trilogy в декабре|date=November 2, 2012|lang=ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2012/12/10/mass-effect-ps3-review|title=Mass Effect PS3 Review|date=December 10, 2012|first=Colin|last=Moriarty|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121212174118/http://www.ign.com/articles/2012/12/10/mass-effect-ps3-review|archive-date=December 12, 2012|lang=en}}</ref> |- | colspan="4" style="border: none; vertical-align: top;" | V {{-|DLC}} jedno zadanje, v ktorom piraty-batarianci ({{Jezyky|en|batarians}}) hčut skydnuti asteroid {{-|X57}} na planetu Tera Nova ({{Jezyky|en|Terra Nova}})<ref name=":11" />. |- | colspan="4" bgcolor="#e6e9ff" | |- align="center" bgcolor="#f2f2f2" |{{Jezyky|en|Pinnacle Station}} |25 avgusta 2009 lěta<ref name=":12" /> |25 avgusta 2009 lěta |nema |- | colspan="4" style="border: none; vertical-align: top;" | To vtoro {{-|DLC}} dodaje trenovačnu kosmičnu stanciju. Jejny komandir je admiral Ahern ({{Jezyky|en|Tadius Ahern}}). Igrač može trenovati se na stancije v simulatoru, ktory imaje 12 scenarijev i bonusny scenarij, ktory simuliruje jedin boj iz Vojny Prvogo Kontakta ({{Jezyky|en|First Contact War}}). Akoli završiti bonusny scenarij, igrač dobyvaje v dar apartamenty na planetě Intajsej ({{Jezyky|en|Intai'sei}}), v ktoryh igrač može kupiti redke predmety za dost malu cenu, ktora je vo mnogo raz niže, neželi v magazinah<ref name=":13" />. |} == Muzika == Muzikalne kompozicije stvorjal [[Jack Wall|Džek Vol]]{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=32}}<ref name=":9">[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1073668/fullcredits/?ref_=tt_cst_sm#amzn1.imdb.concept.name_credit_category.00f5faa0-5f76-4eb5-87a1-ec8d484d1779 Mass Effect (Video Game 2007) - Full cast & crew | Composers] na {{-|[[IMDb]]}}</ref>, ktory do ''{{-|Mass Effect}}'' stvoril saundtrek dlja igry {{-|[[Jade Empire]]}} 2005-go lěta i ktoru takože stvorila {{-|[[BioWare]]}}<ref>[https://www.discogs.com/master/698381-Jack-Wall-Jade-Empire-Original-Video-Game-Soundtrack Jack Wall - Jade Empire (Original Video Game Soundtrack)] na [[Discogs]]</ref><ref>[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0455965/fullcredits/?ref_=tt_cst_sm#amzn1.imdb.concept.name_credit_category.00f5faa0-5f76-4eb5-87a1-ec8d484d1779 Jade Empire (Video Game 2005) - Full cast & crow | Composer] na {{-|[[IMDb]]}}</ref>. 20 novembra 2007-go lěta label {{-|[[Sumthing Else]]}} izdal album ''{{-|Mass Effect Original Game Soundtrack}}''<ref name=":5">{{Cite web| url = https://vgmdb.net/album/5380| title = Mass Effect Original Soundtrack| date = November 13, 2007|lang=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.gamesindustry.biz/sumthing-else-music-works-announces-release-of-the-mass-effect-original-soundtrack-from-the-blockbuster-xbox-360r-video-game| title = Sumthing Else Music Works Announces Release Of The Mass Effect Original Soundtrack From The Blockbuster Xbox 360(R) Video Game| date = November 19, 2007|lang=en}}</ref>, ktory sodržal v sobě 37 kompozicij iz igry (obča dolgota 1 čas i 15 minut), a takože kompoziciju iz albuma [[M4 (muzikalny album)|M4]] kanadskoj [[indie-rock]] grupy [[Faunts (muzikalna grupa)|Faunts]], ktora zvuči v igrě pri finalnyh titrah<ref name=":5" />. 13 novembra 2012-go lěta label {{-|[[FUNimation]]}} izdal album ''{{-|Mass Effect Paragon Lost Original Motion Picture Soundtrack}}'', s dolgotoju 1 čas i 9 minut, ktory sodržal v sobě 27 kompozicij iz [[anime]]-seriala {{-|[[Mass Effect: Paragon Lost]]}}<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/press-release/2012-11-08/mass-effect/paragon-lost-animated-film-score-composed-by-joshua-r-mosley-and-david-kates| title = Mass Effect: Paragon Lost Animated FIlm Score Composed by Joshua R. Mosley and David Kates| date = November 8, 2012|lang=en}}</ref>. {| class="wikitable" |+Spisok kompozicij iz {{-|Mass Effect}}<ref name=":5" /> !№ !Nazva !Avtori !Dolgost |- | align="center" |1 | align="left" |{{-|Mass Effect Theme}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |02:21:00 |- | align="center" |2 | align="left" |{{-|The Normandy}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:35:00 |- | align="center" |3 | align="left" |{{-|Eden Prime}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:34:00 |- | align="center" |4 | align="left" |{{-|Battle At Eden Prime}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:23:00 |- | align="center" |5 | align="left" |{{-|Saren}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |02:00:00 |- | align="center" |6 | align="left" |{{-|The Citadel}} | align="left" |{{-|Richard Jacques, Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:45:00 |- | align="center" |7 | align="left" |{{-|The Presidium}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:32:00 |- | align="center" |8 | align="left" |{{-|The Wards}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |03:14:00 |- | align="center" |9 | align="left" |{{-|Criminal Elements}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:56:00 |- | align="center" |10 | align="left" |{{-|Spectre Induction}} | align="left" |{{-|Richard Jacques, Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:55:00 |- | align="center" |11 | align="left" |{{-|Liara's World}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |02:35:00 |- | align="center" |12 | align="left" |{{-|A Very Dangerous Place}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |02:40:00 |- | align="center" |13 | align="left" |{{-|Feros}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:34:00 |- | align="center" |14 | align="left" |{{-|Protecting The Colony}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:56:00 |- | align="center" |15 | align="left" |{{-|The Thorian}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |03:12:00 |- | align="center" |16 | align="left" |{{-|Noveria}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |02:14:00 |- | align="center" |17 | align="left" |{{-|The Secret Labs}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |02:39:00 |- | align="center" |18 | align="left" |{{-|The Alien Queen}} | align="left" |{{-|Richard Jacques, Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:44:00 |- | align="center" |19 | align="left" |{{-|Fatal Confrontation}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:09:00 |- | align="center" |20 | align="left" |{{-|Saren's Base}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:37:00 |- | align="center" |21 | align="left" |{{-|Breeding Ground}} | align="left" |{{-|Richard Jacques, Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |03:47:00 |- | align="center" |22 | align="left" |{{-|Virmire Ride}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:41:00 |- | align="center" |23 | align="left" |{{-|Exit}} | align="left" |{{-|Richard Jacques, Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:54:00 |- | align="center" |24 | align="left" |{{-|Love Theme}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:54:00 |- | align="center" |25 | align="left" |{{-|Uncharted Worlds}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:16:00 |- | align="center" |26 | align="left" |{{-|Ilos}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:39:00 |- | align="center" |27 | align="left" |{{-|Vigil}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:44:00 |- | align="center" |28 | align="left" |{{-|Sovereign's Theme}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:19:00 |- | align="center" |29 | align="left" |{{-|Uplink}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:12:00 |- | align="center" |30 | align="left" |{{-|Battling Saren}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:38:00 |- | align="center" |31 | align="left" |{{-|In Pursuit Of Saren}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:37:00 |- | align="center" |32 | align="left" |{{-|Infusion}} | align="left" |{{-|Richard Jacques, Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:30:00 |- | align="center" |33 | align="left" |{{-|Final Assault}} | align="left" |{{-|Richard Jacques, Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |02:02:00 |- | align="center" |34 | align="left" |{{-|Victory}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |00:51:00 |- | align="center" |35 | align="left" |{{-|From The Wreckage}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:54:00 |- | align="center" |36 | align="left" |{{-|The End (Reprise)}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:10:00 |- | align="center" |37 | align="left" |{{-|M4 Part II (Faunts)}} | align="left" |{{-|Faunts}} | align="center" |08:18:00 |} == Anons i izdanje == {{Sistemne trěbovanja|useminandrec=1|platform1=Osobne kompjutery|os1={{-|[[Windows XP]]}} i {{-|[[Windows Vista]]}}|os1rec={{-|[[Windows XP]]}} i vyše|cpu1=2,4 {{-|GHz|ГГц}} {{-|[[Intel]]}} ili 2,0 {{-|GHz|ГГц}} {{-|[[AMD]]}}|cpu1rec=2,6 {{-|GHz|ГГц}} {{-|Intel}} ili 2,4 {{-|GHz|ГГц}} {{-|AMD}} i vyše|gpu1=|gpu1rec=|memory1=1 [[Gigabajt|Gb]] {{-|[[RAM]]}} ({{-|XP}})/2 Gb {{-|RAM}} ({{-|Vista}})|memory1rec=2 Gb {{-|RAM}} i vyše|hdspace1=12 Gb|hdspace1rec=12 Gb i vyše|media1=|media1rec=|display1={{-|[[Nvidia GeForce|Nvidia GeForce 6]]}} ({{-|6800GT}} ili lepje) ili / {{-|[[ATI Radeon]]}} {{-|1300XT}} s poddržkoj šajder-modely 3.0|display1rec={{-|[[GeForce]]}} 7900 {{-|GTX}} / {{-|[[ATI Radeon]]}} {{-|X1800 XL}} i vyše|network1=|network1rec=|sound1=Sumestima-kompatibilna s {{-|DirectX 9.0}} sumestima [[zvukova karta]]|sound1rec=Sumestima-kopmatibilna {{-|DirectX 9.0}} s i vyše sumestima [[zvukova karta]]|input1=|input1rec=}} Igra oficialno byla anonsovana je na {{-|[[Xbox show]]}} v [[Amsterdam|Amsterdamu]] 4 oktobra 2005-go lěta.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.ign.com/articles/2005/10/04/x05-mass-effect-eyes-on| title = X05: Mass Effect: Eyes-On| date = October 4, 2005| first = Charles| last = Onyett|lang=en}}</ref> V maju 2006-go lěta demonstracijna versija igry byla prědstavjena na {{-|[[Electronic Entertainment Expo]]}} i dobyla {{-|[[Game Critics Awards]]}} kak najlěpša roljeva igra.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.gamespot.com/articles/e3-06-mass-effect-impressions/1100-6150171/| title = E3 06: Mass Effect Impressions| date = May 11, 2006| first = Greg| last = Mueller|lang=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.ign.com/articles/2006/05/10/e3-2006-mass-effect-impressions| title = E3 2006: Mass Effect Impressions| date = May 10, 2006| first = Charles| last = Onyett|lang=en}}</ref> Novy gejmplej byl pokazan je v septembru 2006-go lěta na {{-|[[Xbox show]]}} v {{-|[[Barselona|Barseloně]]}}.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.gamesindustry.biz/microsoft-announces-x06| title = Microsoft Announces X06| date = June 22, 2006|lang=en}}</ref> V marcu 2007-go lěta gejmplej byl pokazan je cely čas v [[San-Francisko]] na {{-|[[Game Developeres Conference]]}}.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.ign.com/articles/2007/03/07/gdc-2007-mass-effect-the-first-hour| title = GDC 2007: Mass Effect - The First Hour| date = March 7, 2007| first = Hilary| last = Goldstein| first2 = Erik| last2 = Brudvig|lang=en}}</ref> Povtorno igra byla pokazana na {{-|Electronic Entertainment Expo}} v juliju 2007-go lěta.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CItElYfc47g| title = Live from the Santa Monica Pier! Mass Effect Stage Demo| date = July 19, 2007|lang=en}}</ref> V avgustu 2007-go lěta byla pokazana na {{-|[[Games Convention]]}} v [[Leipzig|{{-|Leipzigu|Леjпцигу}}]].<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.gamesindustry.biz/critically-acclaimed-rpg-mass-effect-begins-epic-journey-on-23rd-november-2007| title = Critically-Acclaimed RPG "Mass Effect" Begins Epic Journey on 23rd November 2007| date = August 31, 2007|lang=en}}</ref> V izdanje igra šla 20 novembra 2007-go lěta.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://news.microsoft.com/source/2007/11/20/gamer-excitement-reaches-galactic-proportions-as-mass-effect-touches-down-today-on-retail-shelves-in-north-america/| title = Gamer Excitement Reaches Galactic Proportions as “Mass Effect” Touches Down Today on Retail Shelves in North America| date = November 20, 2007|lang=en}}</ref> == Recenzije == {| class="wikitable" | rowspan="2" align="center" |'''Izdanje''' | colspan="3" align="center" |'''Ocěnka''' |- | align="center" |'''{{-|[[Osobny kompjuter|PC]]}}''' | align="center" |'''{{-|[[PlayStation 3|PS3]]}}''' | align="center" |'''{{-|[[Xbox 360]]}}''' |- | align="left" |{{-|[[GameRankings]]}} | align="left" |89,70 %<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gamerankings.com/pc/944902-mass-effect/index.html|title=Mass Effect for PC|publisher={{-|[[GameRankings]]}}|access-date=2019-12-09|language=en|archive-date=2019-12-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191209015645/https://www.gamerankings.com/pc/944902-mass-effect/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> | align="left" |82,00 %<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gamerankings.com/ps3/689056-mass-effect/index.html|title=Mass Effect PlayStation 3|date=2016-10-05|publisher={{-|[[GameRankings]]}}|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121213034250/http://www.gamerankings.com/ps3/689056-mass-effect/index.html|archive-date=2012-12-13|lang=en}}</ref> | align="left" |91,24 %<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gamerankings.com/xbox360/930279-mass-effect/index.html|title=Mass Effect for Xbox 360|publisher={{-|[[GameRankings]]}}|access-date=2019-12-09|language=en|archive-date=2019-12-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191209013328/https://www.gamerankings.com/xbox360/930279-mass-effect/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[Metacritic]]}} | align="left" |89/100<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.metacritic.com/game/pc/mass-effect|title=Mass Effect (PC)|date=2012-04-24|publisher={{-|[[Metacritic]]}}|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100821111555/http://www.metacritic.com/game/pc/mass-effect|archive-date=2010-08-21|lang=en}}</ref> | align="left" |85/100<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.metacritic.com/game/playstation-3/mass-effect|title=Mass Effect (PlayStation 3)|date=2016-10-05|publisher={{-|[[Metacritic]]}}|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121118033542/http://www.metacritic.com/game/playstation-3/mass-effect|archive-date=2012-11-18|lang=en}}</ref> | align="left" |91/100<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.metacritic.com/game/xbox-360/mass-effect|title=Mass Effect (Xbox 360)|date=2012-04-24|publisher={{-|[[Metacritic]]}}|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100817013510/http://www.metacritic.com/game/xbox-360/mass-effect|archive-date=2010-08-17|lang=en}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[1UP.com]]}} | align="left" |A-<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.1up.com/reviews/mass-effect-review|title=Mass Effect PC Review |author=Thierry Nguyen |date=2008-06-17 |lang=en |work={{-|[[1UP.com]]}}|access-date=2012-04-25 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/68iFKqDnr?url=http://www.1up.com/reviews/mass-effect-review|archive-date=2012-06-26 }}</ref> | align="left" | - | align="left" |A<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.1up.com/reviews/mass-effect |title=Mass Effect (XBOX 360) |author=Jennifer Tsao|date=2007-11-19 |work={{-|[[1UP.com]}} |lang=en |access-date=2012-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120605212422/http://www.1up.com/reviews/mass-effect|archive-date=2012-06-05}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[Computer and Video Games|CVG]]}} | align="left" |9,2/10<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.computerandvideogames.com/190267/reviews/mass-effect-review/ |title=Mass Effect PC Review |lang=en |work={{-|[[Computer and Video Games]]}}|author=Ed Zitron|date=2008-06-04 |access-date=2012-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120312103314/http://www.computerandvideogames.com/190267/reviews/mass-effect-review/|archive-date=2012-03-12}}</ref> | align="left" | - | align="left" |9,0/10<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.computerandvideogames.com/175911/reviews/mass-effect-review/ |title=Mass Effect Xbox Review |lang=en |work={{-|[[Computer and Video Games]]}}|author=Alex Dale|date=2007-11-19 |access-date=2012-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110126035543/http://www.computerandvideogames.com/175911/reviews/mass-effect-review/|archive-date=2011-01-12}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[Edge (žurnal)|Edge]]}} | align="left" |7/10<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.edge-online.com/reviews/mass-effect-review|title=Mass Effect review |lang=en |work={{-|[[Future Publishing]]}}|date=2007-12-02|access-date=2012-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120301013356/http://www.edge-online.com/reviews/mass-effect-review|archive-date=2012-03-01}}</ref> | align="left" | - | align="left" | - |- | align="left" |{{-|[[Eurogamer]]}} | align="left" |8/10<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/mass-effect-review |title=Mass Effect Review |lang=en |work={{-|[[Eurogamer]]}}|author=Kristan Reed|date=2007-11-19|access-date=2012-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111204445/http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/mass-effect-review|archive-date=2009-01-11}}</ref> | align="left" | - | align="left" |8/10<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/mass-effect-review |title=Mass Effect Review |lang=en|work={{-|[[Eurogamer]]}}|author=Kristan Reed|access-date=2012-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111204445/http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/mass-effect-review|archive-date=2009-01-11}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[Game Informer]]}} | align="left" | - | align="left" | - | align="left" |9,75/10 |- | align="left" |{{-|[[GamePro]]}} | align="left" | - | align="left" | - | align="left" |4,75/5<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gamepro.com/article/reviews/148788/mass-effect-the-best-rpg-of-2007/ |title=GamePro review |lang=en |work={{-|[[Gamepro]]}} |author=Cameron Lewis|date=2007-11-19|access-date=2009-05-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080921213613/http://www.gamepro.com/article/reviews/148788/mass-effect-the-best-rpg-of-2007/|archive-date=2008-09-21}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[GameSpot]]}} | align="left" |9,0/10<ref>{{cite web|author=Chris Watters|url=http://www.gamespot.com/mass-effect/reviews/mass-effect-review-6191875/|title=Mass Effect Review for PC|lang=en|work={{-|[[GameSpot]]}}|date=2008-05-28|access-date=2012-04-25|archive-date=2012-05-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120501162723/http://www.gamespot.com/mass-effect/reviews/mass-effect-review-6191875/|url-status=live}}</ref> | align="left" | - | align="left" |8,5/10<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gamespot.com/mass-effect/reviews/mass-effect-review-6183119/|title=GameSpot review|lang=en|author=Kevin VanOrd|work={{-|[[GameSpot]]}}|access-date=2012-04-25|archive-date=2012-05-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120501004812/http://www.gamespot.com/mass-effect/reviews/mass-effect-review-6183119/|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[GameSpy]]}} | align="left" |5 zvězd | align="left" | - | align="left" |5 zvězd<ref>{{cite web|url=http://xbox360.gamespy.com/xbox-360/mass-effect/836239p1.html|title=Gamespy review |lang=en |work={{-|[[GameSpy]]}} |last=Villoria|first=Gerald |access-date=2009-05-25 }}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[GamesRadar (žurnal)|GamesRadar+]]}} | align="left" |9/10 | align="left" | - | align="left" |9/10<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gamesradar.com/mass-effect-12/ |title=Mass Effect review |lang=en |work={{-|[[GamesRadar (žurnal|GamesRadar]]}} |author=Eric Bratcher|access-date=2012-05-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121013070541/http://www.gamesradar.com/mass-effect-review/|archive-date=2012-10-13}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[GameTrailers]]}} | align="left" | - | align="left" | - | align="left" |9,6/10<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.gametrailers.com/gamereview.php?id=2211|title=Mass Effect |website={{-|[[GameTrailers]]}}|access-date=February 22, 2009|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090222082413/http://www.gametrailers.com/gamereview.php?id=2211 |archive-date=February 22, 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[IGN]]}} | align="left" |9,4/10<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2008/05/27/mass-effect-review |title=Mass Effect Review |website={{-|[[IGN]]}}|access-date=October 1, 2016 |author=Jason Ocampo |date=May 27, 2008 |lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140530035846/http://www.ign.com/articles/2008/05/27/mass-effect-review |archive-date=May 30, 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> | align="left" |9,0/10<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2012/12/10/mass-effect-ps3-review |title=Mass Effect PS3 Review |website={{-|[[IGN]]}}|access-date=October 2, 2016 |author=Colin Moriarty |date=December 10, 2012 |lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160129185655/http://www.ign.com/articles/2012/12/10/mass-effect-ps3-review |archive-date=January 29, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> | align="left" |9,4/10<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2007/11/19/mass-effect-review-2 |title=Mass Effect Review |website={{-|[[IGN]]}}|access-date=October 1, 2016 |author=Erik Brudvig |date=November 19, 2007 |lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160924220330/http://www.ign.com/articles/2007/11/19/mass-effect-review-2 |archive-date=September 24, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[Official Xbox Magazine]]}} | align="left" | - | align="left" | - | align="left" |10/10<ref>{{Cite magazine |url=http://www.oxmonline.com/mass-effect-review |title=Mass Effect review |magazine={{-|[[Official Xbox Magazine]]}}|author=Paul Curthoys |date=November 19, 2007 |access-date=October 6, 2011 |lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111006140039/http://www.oxmonline.com/mass-effect-review |archive-date=October 6, 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[X-Play]]}} | align="left" |5 zvězd | align="left" | - | align="left" |5 zvězd |- | align="left" |{{-|[[3DNews]]}} | align="left" |9,5/10 | align="left" | - | align="left" | - |- | align="left" |{{-|[[Absolute Games]]}} | align="left" |79 %<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ag.ru/games/mass-effect/review |title=Рецензия на Mass Effect |author=Nomad |date=2008-06-15 |access-date=2019-12-12 |lang=ru |work={{-|[[Absolute Games]]}}|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130101061931/https://ag.ru/games/mass-effect/review|archive-date=2013-01-01}}</ref> | align="left" | - | align="left" | - |- | align="left" |{{-|[[PlayGround.ru]]}} | align="left" |8,6/10<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.playground.ru/articles/21303/ |title=Mass Effect. Сны о чем-то большем |author=demigot |date=2008-06-26 |access-date=2012-04-24 |lang=ru |work={{-|[[PlayGround.ru|Playground]]}}|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200812202004/https://www.playground.ru/mass_effect/opinion/mass_effect_sny_o_chem_to_bolshem-421303|archive-date=2020-08-12}}</ref> | align="left" | - | align="left" | - |- | align="left" |{{-|[[Игромания (žurnal)|Игромания]]}} | align="left" |9,5/10<ref>{{Cite web |author=Курган, Георгий |title=Полные рецензии > Mass Effect |url=http://www.igromania.ru/articles/56443/Mass_Effect.htm |work={{-|[[Игромания (žurnal)|Игромания]]}} |year=2008|publisher={{-|Игромедиа}}|lang=ru |archive-date=2012-04-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120411071729/http://www.igromania.ru/articles/56443/Mass_Effect.htm }}</ref> | align="left" | - | align="left" | - |} == Prodolženje-sikvel == Tvorjenje vtoroj igry počelo se v početku 2008-go lěta. {{-|[[Mass Effect 2]]}} byla izdana je 26 januara 2010-go lěta<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.vg247.com/mass-effect-comfirmed-for-january-2010-release-with-preorder-bonus| title = Mass Effect 2 confirmed for January 2010 release with preorder bonus| date = October 16, 2009| first = Stephany| last = Nunneley-Jackson|lang=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.cnews.ru/news/line/mass_effect_2_data_vyhoda| title = Mass Effect 2. Дата выхода| date = October 17, 2009|lang=ru}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web| url = https://gamemag.ru/news/48799/mass-effect-2-stal-pervym-igrovym-blokbasterom-2010-goda| title = Mass Effect 2 стал первым игровым блокбастером 2010 года| date = February 3, 2010| first = Сергей| last = Дьяконенко|lang=ru}}</ref>. Na {{-|PlayStation 3}} igra byla izdana 18 januara 2011-go lěta<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2010/12/09/mass-effect-2-ps3-release-date|title=Mass Effect 2 PS3 Release Date|date=December 9, 2010|first=Jim|last=Reilly|lang=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blog.bioware.com/2010/12/15/mass-effect-2-on-playstation-3-podcast-and-gold-announcement/|title=Mass Effect 2 on Playstation 3 Podcast and Gold Announcement|date=December 15, 2010|first=Evil Chris|last=Priestly|lang=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.ea.com/press-releases/press-releases-details/2011/BioWares-Award-Winning-Mass-Effect-2-Makes-PlayStation-3-Debut-Today/default.aspx|date=January 18, 2011|title=BioWare’s Award-Winning Mass Effect 2 Makes PlayStation 3 Debut Today|lang=en}}</ref>. V {{-|Mass Effect 2}} možno importovati shranjenu igru iz {{-|Mass Effect}} — dejanja iz prvoj igry imajut vliv vo vtoroj<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2009/12/28/mass-effect-2-importing-requires-hard-drive|title=Mass Effect 2 Importing Requires Hard Drive|date=December 28, 2009|first=Jim|last=Reilly|lang=en}}</ref>. == Iztočniky == {{Iztočniky}} == Vnešne linky == * {{MobyGames|31277/mass-effect/}} [[Kategorija:Mass Effect]] [[Kategorija:Kompjuterne igry, ktore stvorila BioWare]] [[Kategorija:Kompjuterne igry, ktore izdala Electronic Arts]] [[Kategorija:Igry za Windows]] [[Kategorija:Igry za Xbox 360]] [[Kategorija:Igry na igromotoru Unreal Engine 3]] [[Kategorija:Igry za PlayStation 3]] [[Kategorija:Videoigry]] aburwr0cohurhus0xaarnnt8wy4ed3l 45572 45571 2026-08-12T12:10:12Z Ilja isv 10 /* Muzika */ 45572 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kartka kompjuterna igra |obložka= |nazva = {{-|Mass Effect}} |razrabotniki={{-|[[BioWare]]}} |izdatelji={{-|[[Microsoft Game Studios]]}}, {{-|[[Electronic Arts]]}} |serija={{-|[[Mass Effect]]}} |dataizdanja={{-|[[Xbox 360]]}}: [[Severna Amerika]]: 20 novembra 2007 [[Avstralija]]: 22 novembra 2007 [[Evropejsky sojuz]]: 23 novembra 2007 {{-|[[Microsoft Windows|Windows]]}}: [[Severna Amerika]]: 28 maja 2008 [[Avstralija]]: 5 junija 2008 [[Evropejsky sojuz]]: 6 junija 2008 {{-|[[PlayStation 3]]}}: [[Severna Amerika]]: 4 dekembra 2012 [[Evropejsky sojuz]]: 7 dekembra 2012 |žanr={{-|action role-playing}} |platformy={{-|[[Xbox 360]], [[Microsoft Windows]], [[PlayStation 3]]}} |igrovy motor={{-|[[Unreal Engine 3]]}}<ref>{{Cite web| url=https://www.unrealengine.com/blog/mass-effect| title=Critically Acclaimed Mass Effect Powered by Unreal Engine 3| date=November 20, 2007| first=John| last=Gaudiosi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.gamesradar.com/mass-effect-legendary-edition-uses-unreal-engine-3-for-good-reason-according-to-the-developers/ |title=Mass Effect: Legendary Edition uses Unreal Engine 3 for good reason according to the developers |website=GamesRadar+ |date=4 February 2021 |access-date=12 October 2022 |archive-date=6 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210206190428/https://www.gamesradar.com/mass-effect-legendary-edition-uses-unreal-engine-3-for-good-reason-according-to-the-developers/ |url-status=live }}</ref> |režim igry=jedin igrač |glava=[[Casey Hudson|Kejsi Hadson]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://akamai.cdn.ea.com/eadownloads/u/f/manuals/GAME-MASSEFFECT/Manuals.zip|type=zip|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250101115505/http://akamai.cdn.ea.com/eadownloads/u/f/manuals/GAME-MASSEFFECT/Manuals.zip|archive-date=2025-01-01|access-date=2026-08-12|ref= {{sfnref|Manual|2008}}|title= Mass Effect PC Manual|year=2008 }}</ref> |gejmdizajner=Preston Wataman{{-|iu|jу}}k{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=32}} |programist=David Falkner{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=32}}<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1073668/fullcredits/?ref_=tt_cst_sm#amzn1.imdb.concept.name_credit_category.a7c2d410-e513-4bd7-85d5-73060ec46a84 Mass Effect (Video Game 2007) - Full cast & crew | Additional Crew] na {{-|[[IMDb]]}}</ref> |hudožnik=Derek Watts{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=32}}<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1073668/fullcredits/?ref_=tt_cst_sm#amzn1.imdb.concept.name_credit_category.60a44752-af76-44f7-9de0-ec51aea2180d Mass Effect (Video Game 2007) - Full cast & crew | Art Director] na {{-|[[IMDb]]}}</ref> |kompozitori=[[Jack Wall|Džek Vol]],{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=32}}<ref name=":9" /> [[Sam Hulick|Sam Hulik]],{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=32}}<ref name=":9" /> [[Richard Jacques|Rišar Žak]],{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=32}}<ref name=":9" /> David {{-|Kates|Кеjтс}}{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=32}}<ref name=":9" />|jezyky interfejsa=[[Anglijsky jezyk|anglijsky]], [[Francuzsky jezyk|francuzsky]], [[Němečsky jezyk|němečsky]], [[Špansky jezyk|špansky]], [[Italijansky jezyk|italijansky]], [[Russky jezyk|russky]], [[Poljsky jezyk|poljsky]]}} '''''{{-|Mass Effect}}''''' ({{Jezyky|isv|Efekt masy}}) — [[kompjuterna igra]] v žanru {{-|action-role-play}}, ktoru stvorila studija {{-|[[BioWare]]}} i izdala {{-|[[Microsoft Game Studios]]}} v lětu 2007.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.ign.com/articles/2007/11/19/mass-effect-review-2| date = November 19, 2007| title = Mass Effect Review| first = Erik| last = Brudvig|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161005213517/http://www.ign.com/articles/2007/11/19/mass-effect-review-2|archive-date=2016-10-05}}</ref> Je prvoju čestju [[Mass Effect|serije {{-|Mass Effect}}]]. V 2007 leto igra prišla jedino toliko na {{-|[[Xbox 360]]}}.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web| url = http://xbox360.gamespy.com/xbox-360/mass-effect/836239p1.html| title = Mass Effect| date = November 19, 2007| first = Gerald| last = Villoria|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071120143528/http://xbox360.gamespy.com/xbox-360/mass-effect/836239p1.html|archive-date=2007-11-20}}</ref> V 2008 javila se versija igry na {{-|[[Microsoft Windows|Windows]]}},<ref name=":1">{{Cite web| url = http://pc.gamespy.com/pc/bioware-rpg/877353p1.html| title = BioWare's space opera comes to PC and is still one of the greatest role-playing games we've ever played.| date = May 28, 2008| first = Gerald| last = Villoria|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080531073014/http://pc.gamespy.com/pc/bioware-rpg/877353p1.html|archive-date=2008-05-31}}</ref> v 2012 prišla versija na {{-|[[PlayStation 3]]}}.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.ign.com/articles/2012/09/26/mass-effect-trilogy-set-announced| title = Mass Effect Trilogy Set Announced| date = September 26, 2012| first = Andrew| last = Goldfarb|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120926193158/http://www.ign.com/articles/2012/09/26/mass-effect-trilogy-set-announced|archive-date=2012-09-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.gamespot.com/articles/mass-effect-trilogy-comes-to-ps3-dec-4/1100-6399374/| title = Mass Effect Trilogy comes to PS3 Dec. 4| date = November 2, 2010| first = Eddie| last = Makuch|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107221336/https://www.gamespot.com/articles/mass-effect-trilogy-comes-to-ps3-dec-4/1100-6399374/|archive-date=2017-11-07}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web| url = https://blog.bioware.com/2012/11/01/ryan-warden-an-update-on-the-mass-effect-trilogy/| title = Ryan Warden: An Update on the Mass Effect Trilogy| date = November 1, 2012|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103041035/http://blog.bioware.com/2012/11/01/ryan-warden-an-update-on-the-mass-effect-trilogy/|archive-date=2012-11-03}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web| url = https://www.ign.com/articles/2012/11/30/reminder-mass-effect-comes-to-ps3-very-soon| title = Reminder: Mass Effect Comes to PS3 Very Soon| date = November 30, 2012| first = Colin| last = Moriarty|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121203054258/http://www.ign.com/articles/2012/11/30/reminder-mass-effect-comes-to-ps3-very-soon|archive-date=2012-12-03}}</ref> Sjužet igry govori o tom, že v 22-om stoletju [[člověčstvo]] spoznalo i naučilo se rabotati s tehnologijeju svrhsvětlovyh lětanij v [[Kosmos|kosmosu]] s pomočju nekakogo nulovogo elementa, ktory obnuloval masu-težinu (toj moment vpisan je v nazvanje igry). A takože v to stolětje ljudi zakontaktovali se s inoplanetnymi civilizacijami.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=6}} Glavny heroj ili herojinja (to izbiraje igrač) igry komander Šepard dobyvaje status Spektra — specialnogo soldata na služenju galaktičnoj rady-sověta Citadely, i so svojim odredom pošeti različne mesta i zvezdne sistemy galaktiky. V 2008 lětu za igru izdali dodatny kontent pod nazvoju ''{{-|Bring Down the Sky}}'',<ref name=":10">{{Cite web| url = http://pc.gamespy.com/pc/bioware-rpg/894639p1.html| title = Free Downloadable Content Now Available for Mass Effect PC| date = July 29, 2008|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080802190447/http://pc.gamespy.com/pc/bioware-rpg/894639p1.html|archive-date=2008-08-08}}</ref> v ktorom potrebno bylo spasati planetu Tera Nova od asteroida {{-|X57}} i teroristov.<ref name=":11">{{Cite web| url = https://www.ign.com/articles/2008/02/25/mass-effect-bring-down-the-sky-interview| title = Mass Effect: Bring Down the Sky Interview| date = February 25, 2008| first = Erik| last = Brudvig|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130216182140/http://www.ign.com/articles/2008/02/25/mass-effect-bring-down-the-sky-interview|archive-date=2013-02-16}}</ref> V 2009 lětu za igru izdali dodatny kontent pod nazvoju ''{{-|Pinnacle Station}}'', ktory dodaval nekoliko zadanij, a takože možnost dobyti v nagradu apartamenty.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.eurogamer.net/me-pinnacle-station-dlc-detailed| title = New Mass Effect DLC detailed| date = August 24, 2009| first = Robert| last = Purchese|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128113544/https://www.eurogamer.net/me-pinnacle-station-dlc-detailed|archive-date=2022-11-28}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite web| url = https://gamemag.ru/news/44026/mass-effect-dopolnenie-pinnacle-station-dostupno-v-xbox-live| title = Mass Effect: Дополнение "Pinnacle Station" доступно в Xbox Live| date = August 24, 2009| last = livesaifer|lang=ru|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260731230912/https://gamemag.ru/news/44026/mass-effect-dopolnenie-pinnacle-station-dostupno-v-xbox-live|archive-date=2026-07-31}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.gamespot.com/articles/new-mass-effect-dlc-avatar-items-now-available/1100-6216123/| title = New Mass Effect DLC, avatar items now available. UPDATE Microsoft releases Pinnacle Station, a 13-mission, two-to-three-hour add-on to the popular Xbox 360 role-playing game; Mass Effect outfits hit Marketplace en masse.| date = August 25, 2009| first = Tor| last = Thorsen|lang=en}}</ref><ref name=":13">{{Cite web| url = https://www.ign.com/articles/2009/08/25/mass-effect-pinnacle-station-review| title = Mass Effect: Pinnacle Station Review| date = August 25, 2009| first = Erik| last = Brudvig|lang=en}}</ref> Dalje byli izdane igry {{-|[[Mass Effect 2]]}} v 2010 lětu i {{-|[[Mass Effect 3]]}} v 2012,<ref name=":4" /> ktore stvorili trilogiju o komanderu Šepardu. V 2021 leto igra byla obnovjena v svezku izdanja {{-|[[Mass Effect: Legendary Edition]]}}.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://news.ea.com/press-releases/press-releases-details/2021/Relive-the-Award-Winning-Space-Opera-in-Mass-Effect-Legendary-Edition-on-May-14/default.aspx| title = Relive the Award-Winning Space Opera in Mass Effect Legendary Edition on May 14| date = February 2, 2021|lang=en}}</ref> == Gejmplej == ''{{-|Mass Effect}} '' — je igra v žanru {{-|action-rpg}} za jednogo igrača, v ktoroj igrač upravjaje komanderom Šepardom ({{Jezyky|en|Commander Shepard}}) s pogledom od tretjego lica. Pred početkom igry potrebno izbrati ime igrača (ktoro na igrovy svet ne vlijaje), pol, izgled, jedin iz nekoliko variantov predhistorije, igrovy klas-specialnost. {{sfn|Manual|2008|p=7-9}} Za izbor dostupne sut 6 klasov. Každy klas imaje svoju specialnost v oružju i sposobnostah.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=8}} Igrač i učestniki odreda mogut orudovati vsakym oružjem, ale efektivnost togo zavisi od klasa i parametrov každogo.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=8}} Na kosmičnom korabu igrača dostupna je karta galaktiky, s pomočju ktoroj igrač može premeščati se po svetu. V galaktikě sut grupy-skupiny zvezd, v ktoryh sut zvezdne sistemy, v ktoryh už sut planety i kosmične stancije. Za premeščenije medžu grupami zvezd potrebno upotrebjati retranslatory masy ({{Jezyky|en|Mass-Relay}}).{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=14-15}} Kosmičny korab igrača imaje nazvu "Normandija" ({{Jezyky|en|Normandy SR-1}}) — to je esperimentalny korab, ktory stvorili naučniki Aliansa sistem ({{Jezyky|en|Systems Alliance}}) v koperacije s turianskymi ({{Jezyky|en|turians}}) specialistami. Toj korab upotrebjaje se igračem za putovanje medžu planetami i zvezdami s pomočju interaktivnoj karty. Na korabu irač može govoriti s ljudami-služebnikami koraba (medikami, inženjerami) i učestnikami svojego odreda. Na planetah i stancijah igrač izpolnjaje zadanja-operacije, kvesty i vzajemodejstvuje s {{-|NPC}}.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=10-11}} Po završenju-koncu zadanij igrač dobyvaje specialne pointy, ktore dozvoljajut razvivati sposobnosti, dobyvaje predmety za inventar. Inventar imaje razmer v 150 elementov-predmetov. Nepotrebne predmety možno prodati, utilizirovati v omni-gel, ktory je potreben za otkrytje zamkov i remonta vsekdehoda "Mako".{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=22}} Vsekdehod "Mako" možno upotrebjati na planetah za preměščenje na velike distancije i strěljbu po neprijateljam. Takože vsekdehod je pomočen na nektoryh zlyh planetah, na ktoryh okolična pogoda jest škodliva dlja odreda.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=26}} A na kosmičnyh stancijah i planetah možno kupiti različne predmety kako oružje, bronju i dodatne ulepšenja. === Bojeva sistema === Boji idut v realnom času. Igrač upravjaje Šepardom od tretjego lica. V odredu igrača takože je jedino dva personaža, ktorymi upravjaje kompjuter i ktorym može davati komandy igrač, naprimer: atakovati neprijatelja, zajeti ukrytje i tako dalje.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=16-17}} V čas boja igrač može otkryti taktično menju, ktoro stopuje igru i v ktorom možno smeniti oružje, ukazati koju sposobnost upotrebiti (kako Šepardu tako i učestnikam odreda). Každa sposobnost imaje svoju meru-vreme za obnovjene posle každogo upotrebjenja.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=16-17}} Oružje igrača ne trebuje naboja, jednako dost silna streljba može pregreti oružje i nektoro vreme nemožno bude streljati. To trebuje delati pauzu medžu streljanjem. V igrě sut 4 tipov oružja: pistolety, pompovky, vintovky, snajperske ružja i granaty.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=18-19}} Bronja takože različna: legka, sredna, težka. Vsaka bronja imaje različne specializacije i sposobnosti. Takože može byti ograničenje v zavisnosti od klasa igrača ili učestnika odreda. Takože je razlika medžu civilizacijami: ljudi i azari ({{Jezyky|en|asari}}) mogut nositi jednu bronju, turianci imajut svoju bronju, krogani ({{Jezyky|en|krogans}}) svoju.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=20-21}} Akoli gibnut učestniki odreda, to ih možno lečiti s pomočju medi-gela, akoli gibne igrač, to treba restartovati igru od poslednego shranjenja. === Dialogova sistema === Igrač izbiraje varianty za odgovor s pomočju dialogovogo kolesa ({{Jezyky|en|dialogue wheel}}).{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=10-11}} Obyčajno, ale ne vsegda, v pravoj vrhnoj straně sut rečenja heroja-paragona, a v pravoj nižnej-dolnoj straně sut rečenja odstupnika-renegata. Rečenja heroja sut sinjego cveta-kolora, a odstupnika-renegata črvenogo. V levoj straně kolesa sut varianty rečenja, ktore mogut zapytati nekojego {{-|NPC}} o predmetě govorenja. Herojske-paragonske rečenja dodajut igraču pointy heroja, a odstupničske-renegatske dajut pointy renegata. Te pointy dajut nove varianty dejanij v različne momenty igry. Te varianty mogut dati dodatnu informaciju, izbegti boja, spasti nekojego.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=24}} == Sjužet == === Igrovy svet === Dejanje tutoj igry ide v [[Mlěčny put|Mlěčnom putu]] v 22 stoletju. Človečstvo spoznalo letanja v kosmosu s pomočju nulevogo elementa i mas-retranslatorov ({{Jezyky|en|mass relays}}). Retranslatory směnšajut masu-težinu korabov do nula i s pomočju togo koraby kako by teleportujut se{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=6}}. Krome človečstva v galaktikě sut množstva drugyh inoplanetnyh civilizacij, nektora čest kojih stvorila specialny Sovět na kosmičnoj stanciji Citadel. Osnovne civilizacije sut azari ({{Jezyky|en|asari}}), turianci ({{Jezyky|en|turians}}) i salarianci ({{Jezyky|en|salarians}})<ref>{{-|[[BioWare]]}}. {{-|Mass Effect}} (2007). Igrovy Kodeks: "Inoplanetjani: Rasy v Sovetě Citadely" ({{Jezyky|en|Aliens: Council Races}}).</ref>. Nektore civilizacije sut prědstavjene na Citadelě s pomočju ambasad: volusi ({{Jezyky|en|voluses}}), hanari ({{Jezyky|en|hanars}}), elkori ({{Jezyky|en|elcors}}), a takože ljudi<ref>{{-|[[BioWare]]}}. {{-|Mass Effect}} (2007). Igrovy Kodeks: "Inoplanetjani: Rasy ne v Sovetě Citadely" ({{Jezyky|en|Aliens: Non-Council Races}}).</ref>. Takože sut nektore civilizacije, ktore živut vne Citadelskogo prostora: krogani ({{Jezyky|en|krogans}}), batarianci ({{Jezyky|en|batarians}}), kvarianci ({{Jezyky|en|quarians}}). Vse životne civilizacije v igrě imajut nazvu ''organične'', a robotove civilizacije, kako gety ({{Jezyky|en|geths}}) i Žnecy ({{Jezyky|en|Reapers}}) ''sintetične''. Člověčstvo prvy raz strětilo se s inymi civilizacijami (turiancami) v 2149 lětu i ta strěča počela se kako vojna, ktora skoro završila se. Ljudi izšli v novy sektor kosmosa s pomočju retranslatora, ale zakon Citadele ne dozvoljaje aktivirovati nerazvedane retranslatory; zamesto govorenja turianci izničtožili prve koraby ljudij i to dejanje stalo pričinoju vojny.<ref name=":17">[[BioWare]]. {{-|Mass Effect}} (2007). Igrovy Kodeks: "Človečstvo i Alians Sistem" ({{Jezyky|en|Humanity and the Systems Alliance}}).</ref> Potom človečstvo dobylo svoje město v galaktičnom sociumu posle nektoryh drugyh dejanij<ref name=":17" />. Na moment početka igry komander Šepard potreben byl stati prvym človekom Spektrom. Spektri sut specialni ljudi, u kojih administracija je Sovět Citadele<ref>{{-|[[BioWare]]}}. {{-|Mass Effect}} (2007). Igrovy Kodeks: "Citadel i Galaktičska vlada" ({{Jezyky|en|Citadel and Galactic Government}}).</ref>. === Personaži === ==== Šepard ==== Glavny personaž igry je komander Šepard ({{Jezyky|en|Shepard}}). V zavisnosti od igrača Šepard može byti žena ili muž. Standardno mužsko ime je Džon ({{Jezyky|en|John}}), a žensko Džejn ({{Jezyky|en|Jane}}). Prědhistorija Šeparda takože izbiraje se igračem: {| class="wikitable" |+Varianty biografije Šeparda{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=7-9}} ! colspan="2" |Do armije |- |Kolonist ({{Jezyky|en|colonist}}) |Dětinstvo Šeparda bylo na kolonije Mindoir. Koloniju atakovali sut piraty-rabotrgovci i ubili jegovyh roditeljev. Šeparda vzeli k sobe dozorny patrol Aliansa. Kogda Šepardu stalo 18 let, on pošel v armiju Aliansa. |- |Rodženi na Zemji ({{Jezyky|en|Earthborn}}) |Šepard byl sirota i jegovo dětinstvo prošlo v uličnyh bandah. Kogda Šepardu stalo 18 let, on pošel v armiju. |- |Kosmičnik ({{Jezyky|en|Spacer}}) |Roditelji Šeparda sut vojskovi ljudi. Vse dětinstvo Šepard byl na kosmičnyh korabah. Potom zapisal se v armiju Aliansa. |- ! colspan="2" |V čas služenja v armije |- |Heroj vojny ({{Jezyky|en|War Hero}}) |V čas služenja na člověčskoj koloniji Elizium ({{Jezyky|en|Elysium}}) bojeval protiv piratov, kojih bylo mnogo, odbivši ataku. |- |Izživši ({{Jezyky|en|Sole Survivor}}) |Na planetě Akuza ({{Jezyky|en|Akuze}}) odred Šeparda byl atakovan velikym inoplanetnym životnym i byl cělo izničtoženy. Ostal jedino Šepard. |- |Ljuty ({{Jezyky|en|Ruthless}}) |Na planetě Torfan ({{Jezyky|en|Torfan}}) Šepard izgubil 3/4 svojego odreda, ale izpolnil zadanje, a takože izničil vsih neprijatelskyh piratov-batariancev. |} Mužsky glas Šeparda dal aktor {{-|[[Mark Meer]]}}<ref name=":18">[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1073668/fullcredits/?ref_=tt_cst_sm#amzn1.imdb.concept.name_credit_group.7caf7d16-5db9-4f4f-8864-d4c6e711c686 Mass Effect (Video Game 2007) - Full cast] na [[IMDb]]</ref>. Žensky glas Šeparda dala aktrisa {{-|[[Jennifer Hale]]}}<ref name=":18" />. ==== Ekipa Normandije ==== ===== Džef Džoker Moro ===== Džef Džoker Moro ({{Jezyky|en|Jeff Joker Moreau}}) — je profesionalny pilot Normandije. Imaje veliku problemu s kostami, one sut slabe. Glas jemu dal aktor {{-|[[Seth Benjamin Gesshel Green]]}}<ref>[https://www.mobygames.com/person/266203/seth-b-green/credits/ Seth B. Green - Video Game Credits - MobyGames], "Mass Effect (2007, Xbox 360) Jeff “Joker” Moreau"</ref><ref name=":18" />. ===== Greg Adams ===== Greg Adams ({{Jezyky|en|Greg Adams}}) — je glavny inženjer Normandije. On rabotaje v inženjernoj sekciji koraba. Glas jemu dal aktor {{-|[[Roger Labon Jackson]]}}<ref>[https://www.mobygames.com/person/1179/roger-labon-jackson/credits/ Roger Labon Jackson - Video Game Credits - MobyGames], "Mass Effect (2007, Xbox 360) Additional Voices"</ref><ref name=":18" />. ===== Karin Čakvas ===== Karin Čakvas ({{Jezyky|en|Karin Chakwas}}) — je glavna doktorka Normandije. Glas jej dala aktrisa {{-|[[Carolyn Seymour]]}}<ref>[https://www.mobygames.com/person/17150/carolyn-seymour/credits/ Carolyn Seymour - Video Game Credits - MobyGames], "Mass Effect (2007, Xbox 360) Additional Voices"</ref><ref name=":18" />. ==== Osnovne učestniki odreda ==== ===== Ričard Dženkins ===== Ričard Dženkins ({{Jezyky|en|Richard L. Jenkins}}) — soldat Aliansa. Imaje klas i sposobnosti soldata. Jegovo ime i historija v igrě imaje svez s mem-personažem Lirojem Dženkinsom. Glas jemu dal aktor {{-|[[George Joshua Christian Dean]]}}<ref>[https://www.mobygames.com/person/122414/josh-dean/credits/ Josh  Dean - Video Game Credits - MobyGames], "Mass Effect (2007, Xbox 360) Additional Voices"</ref><ref name=":18" />. ===== Kajdan Alenko ===== Kajdan Alenko ({{Jezyky|en|Kaidan Alenko}}) — lejtenant-poručnik, a takože biotik. Kako igrovy personaž imaje sposobnosti-specializaciju biotika. On je vozmožny romantičsky interes Šeparda-ženy. Glas jemu dal aktor {{-|[[Raphael Sbarge]]}}<ref>[https://www.mobygames.com/person/9258/raphael-sbarge/credits/ Raphael Sbarge - Video Game Credits - MobyGames], "Mass Effect (Xbox 360) Kaidan Alenko"</ref><ref name=":18" />. ===== Ešli Viljams ===== Ešli Viljams ({{Jezyky|en|Ashley Medelin Williams}}) — kosmična pěhotnica Aliansa. Igrač strěčaje ju v prvoj misiji igry. Ona je možnym romantičskym interesom Šeparda-muža. Glas jej dala aktrisa {{-|[[Kimberly Brooks]]}}<ref name=":18" />. ===== Urdnot Reks ===== Urdnot Reks ({{Jezyky|en|Urdnot Wrex}}) — krogan-biotik. Šepard strěčaje jego na Citadeli. Reks imaje praktično obče celji s Šepardom i ide pomogati jemu. Glas jemu dal aktor {{-|[[Steven Barr]]}}<ref name=":18" />. ===== Liara T'Soni ===== Liara T'Soni ({{Jezyky|en|Liara T’Soni}}) — je azarijska naučnica, a takože biotička, koja zajmaje se ksenoarheologijeju. Šepard strěčaje ju v jednoj iz misij igry, po ktoroj ona ide pomogati jemu. Ona je možnym romantičskym interesom za Šepardov obohdvoh polov. Glas jej dala aktrisa {{-|[[Ali Hillis]]}}<ref name=":18" />. ===== Garus Vakarian ===== Garus Vakarian ({{Jezyky|en|Garrus Vakarian}}) — je turianec, ktori rabotaje v službe bezpečnosti Citadele. Posle něktoryh činov od strany administracije služby bezpečnosti Citadele on odhodi odovud i prisjedinjaje se k odredu Šeparda, daby pomogti jemu. Glas jemu dal aktor {{-|[[Brandon James Keener]]}}<ref name=":18" />. ===== Tali Zora ===== Tali Zora ({{Jezyky|en|Tali'Zorah}}) — je kvarianka-tehnička, ktora byla atakovana v čas svojego putovanja něktorymi osobami. Ona imaje něktore silne dokazy o dělah, ktore sut svezany s cěljem raboty Šeparda. Glas jej dala aktrisa {{-|[[Ash Sroka]]}}<ref name=":18" />. ==== Antagonisti ==== ===== Saren Arterius ===== Saren Arterius ({{Jezyky|en|Saren Arterius}}) — je turianec-Spektr, ktory skooperiroval se s getami zaradi někakyh svojih cěljev i jest jedin iz glavnyh antagonistov igry. Glas jemu dal aktor {{-|[[Fred Tatasciore]]}}<ref name=":18" />. == Dodatne epizody ({{-|DLC}}) == Dlja ''{{-|Mass Effect}}'' je bylo izdano 2 {{-|DLC}}: ''{{-|Bring Down the Sky}}'' v marcu 2008 lěta, ''{{-|Pinnacle Station}}'' v avgustu 2009 lěta. V 2012 leto {{-|DLC}} ''{{-|Bring Down the Sky}}'' bylo izdano za {{-|[[PlayStation 3]]}}<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" />, ale ''{{-|Pinnacle Station}}'' izdan ne byl. {| class="wikitable" style="width: 100%;" |- style="text-align: center;" ! rowspan="2" style="width:40%;" |Nazva ! colspan="3" |Data izdanja |- ! style="width:20%;" |{{-|Xbox 360}} ! style="width:20%;" |{{-|Microsoft Windows}} ! style="width:20%;" |{{-|PlayStation 3}} |- | colspan="4" bgcolor="#e6e9ff" | |- align="center" bgcolor="#f2f2f2" | * {{Jezyky|en|Bring Down the Sky}} * {{Jezyky|de|Kollisionskurs}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.eurogamer.de/mass-effect-x57-dlc-kollisionskurs|title=Mass Effect: X57 DLC: Kollisionskurs|date=2008|first=Benjamin|last=Jakobs|lang=de}}</ref><ref name=":14">[https://www.mobygames.com/game/58908/mass-effect/credits/ps3/ MobyGames | Mass Effect Credits Bring Down the Sky: Keywords International Ltd.] </ref> * {{Jezyky|pl|Bring Down the Sky}}<ref name=":14" /> * {{Jezyky|fr|Turbulences à 900 000 Pieds}}<ref name=":14" /><ref>[https://www.gamekult.com/jeux/mass-effect-turbulences-a-900-000-pieds-3010006267.html www.gamekult.com - Mass Effect : Turbulences à 900.000 pieds]</ref> * {{Jezyky|ru|Гибель с небес}}<ref>[https://piper.old-games.ru/project/snowball_ru/www.snowball.ru/me/ Snowball Studios | Mass Effect: Золотое издание] </ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=December 30, 2008 |title="Mass Effect: Гибель с небес". Качаем |url=https://www.cnews.ru/news/line/mass_effect_gibel_s_nebes_kachaem |url-status=live|language=ru}}</ref> * {{Jezyky|it|Impatto imminente}}<ref name=":14" /><ref>[https://www.xbox.com/it-IT/games/store/impatto-imminente-en/BVTTSL5Q7D24 <nowiki>Xbox.com | Impatto imminente [EN]</nowiki>]</ref> |20 marca 2008 lěta |28 maja 2008 lěta<ref name=":10" /> |4 dekembra 2012 lěta<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ixbt.games/news/ps3-versiya-mass-effect-trilogy-v-dekabre.html|title=PS3-версия Mass Effect Trilogy в декабре|date=November 2, 2012|lang=ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2012/12/10/mass-effect-ps3-review|title=Mass Effect PS3 Review|date=December 10, 2012|first=Colin|last=Moriarty|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121212174118/http://www.ign.com/articles/2012/12/10/mass-effect-ps3-review|archive-date=December 12, 2012|lang=en}}</ref> |- | colspan="4" style="border: none; vertical-align: top;" | V {{-|DLC}} jedno zadanje, v ktorom piraty-batarianci ({{Jezyky|en|batarians}}) hčut skydnuti asteroid {{-|X57}} na planetu Tera Nova ({{Jezyky|en|Terra Nova}})<ref name=":11" />. |- | colspan="4" bgcolor="#e6e9ff" | |- align="center" bgcolor="#f2f2f2" |{{Jezyky|en|Pinnacle Station}} |25 avgusta 2009 lěta<ref name=":12" /> |25 avgusta 2009 lěta |nema |- | colspan="4" style="border: none; vertical-align: top;" | To vtoro {{-|DLC}} dodaje trenovačnu kosmičnu stanciju. Jejny komandir je admiral Ahern ({{Jezyky|en|Tadius Ahern}}). Igrač može trenovati se na stancije v simulatoru, ktory imaje 12 scenarijev i bonusny scenarij, ktory simuliruje jedin boj iz Vojny Prvogo Kontakta ({{Jezyky|en|First Contact War}}). Akoli završiti bonusny scenarij, igrač dobyvaje v dar apartamenty na planetě Intajsej ({{Jezyky|en|Intai'sei}}), v ktoryh igrač može kupiti redke predmety za dost malu cenu, ktora je vo mnogo raz niže, neželi v magazinah<ref name=":13" />. |} == Muzika == Muzikalne kompozicije stvorjal [[Jack Wall|Džek Vol]]{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=32}}<ref name=":9">[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1073668/fullcredits/?ref_=tt_cst_sm#amzn1.imdb.concept.name_credit_category.00f5faa0-5f76-4eb5-87a1-ec8d484d1779 Mass Effect (Video Game 2007) - Full cast & crew | Composers] na {{-|[[IMDb]]}}</ref>, ktory do ''{{-|Mass Effect}}'' stvoril saundtrek dlja igry {{-|[[Jade Empire]]}} 2005-go lěta i ktoru takože stvorila {{-|[[BioWare]]}}<ref>[https://www.discogs.com/master/698381-Jack-Wall-Jade-Empire-Original-Video-Game-Soundtrack Jack Wall - Jade Empire (Original Video Game Soundtrack)] na [[Discogs]]</ref><ref>[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0455965/fullcredits/?ref_=tt_cst_sm#amzn1.imdb.concept.name_credit_category.00f5faa0-5f76-4eb5-87a1-ec8d484d1779 Jade Empire (Video Game 2005) - Full cast & crow | Composer] na {{-|[[IMDb]]}}</ref>. 20 novembra 2007-go lěta label {{-|[[Sumthing Else]]}} izdal album ''{{-|Mass Effect Original Game Soundtrack}}''<ref name=":5">{{Cite web| url = https://vgmdb.net/album/5380| title = Mass Effect Original Soundtrack| date = November 13, 2007|lang=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.gamesindustry.biz/sumthing-else-music-works-announces-release-of-the-mass-effect-original-soundtrack-from-the-blockbuster-xbox-360r-video-game| title = Sumthing Else Music Works Announces Release Of The Mass Effect Original Soundtrack From The Blockbuster Xbox 360(R) Video Game| date = November 19, 2007|lang=en}}</ref>, ktory sodržal v sobě 37 kompozicij iz igry (obča dolgota 1 čas i 15 minut), a takože kompoziciju iz albuma {{-|[[M4 (muzikalny album)|M4]]}} kanadskoj {{-|[[indie-rock]]}} grupy {{-|[[Faunts (muzikalna grupa)|Faunts]]}}, ktora zvuči v igrě pri finalnyh titrah<ref name=":5" />. 13 novembra 2012-go lěta label {{-|[[FUNimation]]}} izdal album ''{{-|Mass Effect Paragon Lost Original Motion Picture Soundtrack}}'', s dolgotoju 1 čas i 9 minut, ktory sodržal v sobě 27 kompozicij iz [[anime]]-seriala {{-|[[Mass Effect: Paragon Lost]]}}<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/press-release/2012-11-08/mass-effect/paragon-lost-animated-film-score-composed-by-joshua-r-mosley-and-david-kates| title = Mass Effect: Paragon Lost Animated FIlm Score Composed by Joshua R. Mosley and David Kates| date = November 8, 2012|lang=en}}</ref>. {| class="wikitable" |+Spisok kompozicij iz {{-|Mass Effect}}<ref name=":5" /> !№ !Nazva !Avtori !Dolgost |- | align="center" |1 | align="left" |{{-|Mass Effect Theme}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |02:21:00 |- | align="center" |2 | align="left" |{{-|The Normandy}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:35:00 |- | align="center" |3 | align="left" |{{-|Eden Prime}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:34:00 |- | align="center" |4 | align="left" |{{-|Battle At Eden Prime}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:23:00 |- | align="center" |5 | align="left" |{{-|Saren}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |02:00:00 |- | align="center" |6 | align="left" |{{-|The Citadel}} | align="left" |{{-|Richard Jacques, Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:45:00 |- | align="center" |7 | align="left" |{{-|The Presidium}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:32:00 |- | align="center" |8 | align="left" |{{-|The Wards}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |03:14:00 |- | align="center" |9 | align="left" |{{-|Criminal Elements}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:56:00 |- | align="center" |10 | align="left" |{{-|Spectre Induction}} | align="left" |{{-|Richard Jacques, Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:55:00 |- | align="center" |11 | align="left" |{{-|Liara's World}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |02:35:00 |- | align="center" |12 | align="left" |{{-|A Very Dangerous Place}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |02:40:00 |- | align="center" |13 | align="left" |{{-|Feros}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:34:00 |- | align="center" |14 | align="left" |{{-|Protecting The Colony}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:56:00 |- | align="center" |15 | align="left" |{{-|The Thorian}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |03:12:00 |- | align="center" |16 | align="left" |{{-|Noveria}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |02:14:00 |- | align="center" |17 | align="left" |{{-|The Secret Labs}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |02:39:00 |- | align="center" |18 | align="left" |{{-|The Alien Queen}} | align="left" |{{-|Richard Jacques, Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:44:00 |- | align="center" |19 | align="left" |{{-|Fatal Confrontation}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:09:00 |- | align="center" |20 | align="left" |{{-|Saren's Base}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:37:00 |- | align="center" |21 | align="left" |{{-|Breeding Ground}} | align="left" |{{-|Richard Jacques, Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |03:47:00 |- | align="center" |22 | align="left" |{{-|Virmire Ride}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:41:00 |- | align="center" |23 | align="left" |{{-|Exit}} | align="left" |{{-|Richard Jacques, Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:54:00 |- | align="center" |24 | align="left" |{{-|Love Theme}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:54:00 |- | align="center" |25 | align="left" |{{-|Uncharted Worlds}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:16:00 |- | align="center" |26 | align="left" |{{-|Ilos}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:39:00 |- | align="center" |27 | align="left" |{{-|Vigil}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:44:00 |- | align="center" |28 | align="left" |{{-|Sovereign's Theme}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:19:00 |- | align="center" |29 | align="left" |{{-|Uplink}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:12:00 |- | align="center" |30 | align="left" |{{-|Battling Saren}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:38:00 |- | align="center" |31 | align="left" |{{-|In Pursuit Of Saren}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:37:00 |- | align="center" |32 | align="left" |{{-|Infusion}} | align="left" |{{-|Richard Jacques, Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:30:00 |- | align="center" |33 | align="left" |{{-|Final Assault}} | align="left" |{{-|Richard Jacques, Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |02:02:00 |- | align="center" |34 | align="left" |{{-|Victory}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |00:51:00 |- | align="center" |35 | align="left" |{{-|From The Wreckage}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:54:00 |- | align="center" |36 | align="left" |{{-|The End (Reprise)}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:10:00 |- | align="center" |37 | align="left" |{{-|M4 Part II (Faunts)}} | align="left" |{{-|Faunts}} | align="center" |08:18:00 |} == Anons i izdanje == {{Sistemne trěbovanja|useminandrec=1|platform1=Osobne kompjutery|os1={{-|[[Windows XP]]}} i {{-|[[Windows Vista]]}}|os1rec={{-|[[Windows XP]]}} i vyše|cpu1=2,4 {{-|GHz|ГГц}} {{-|[[Intel]]}} ili 2,0 {{-|GHz|ГГц}} {{-|[[AMD]]}}|cpu1rec=2,6 {{-|GHz|ГГц}} {{-|Intel}} ili 2,4 {{-|GHz|ГГц}} {{-|AMD}} i vyše|gpu1=|gpu1rec=|memory1=1 [[Gigabajt|Gb]] {{-|[[RAM]]}} ({{-|XP}})/2 Gb {{-|RAM}} ({{-|Vista}})|memory1rec=2 Gb {{-|RAM}} i vyše|hdspace1=12 Gb|hdspace1rec=12 Gb i vyše|media1=|media1rec=|display1={{-|[[Nvidia GeForce|Nvidia GeForce 6]]}} ({{-|6800GT}} ili lepje) ili / {{-|[[ATI Radeon]]}} {{-|1300XT}} s poddržkoj šajder-modely 3.0|display1rec={{-|[[GeForce]]}} 7900 {{-|GTX}} / {{-|[[ATI Radeon]]}} {{-|X1800 XL}} i vyše|network1=|network1rec=|sound1=Sumestima-kompatibilna s {{-|DirectX 9.0}} sumestima [[zvukova karta]]|sound1rec=Sumestima-kopmatibilna {{-|DirectX 9.0}} s i vyše sumestima [[zvukova karta]]|input1=|input1rec=}} Igra oficialno byla anonsovana je na {{-|[[Xbox show]]}} v [[Amsterdam|Amsterdamu]] 4 oktobra 2005-go lěta.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.ign.com/articles/2005/10/04/x05-mass-effect-eyes-on| title = X05: Mass Effect: Eyes-On| date = October 4, 2005| first = Charles| last = Onyett|lang=en}}</ref> V maju 2006-go lěta demonstracijna versija igry byla prědstavjena na {{-|[[Electronic Entertainment Expo]]}} i dobyla {{-|[[Game Critics Awards]]}} kak najlěpša roljeva igra.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.gamespot.com/articles/e3-06-mass-effect-impressions/1100-6150171/| title = E3 06: Mass Effect Impressions| date = May 11, 2006| first = Greg| last = Mueller|lang=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.ign.com/articles/2006/05/10/e3-2006-mass-effect-impressions| title = E3 2006: Mass Effect Impressions| date = May 10, 2006| first = Charles| last = Onyett|lang=en}}</ref> Novy gejmplej byl pokazan je v septembru 2006-go lěta na {{-|[[Xbox show]]}} v {{-|[[Barselona|Barseloně]]}}.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.gamesindustry.biz/microsoft-announces-x06| title = Microsoft Announces X06| date = June 22, 2006|lang=en}}</ref> V marcu 2007-go lěta gejmplej byl pokazan je cely čas v [[San-Francisko]] na {{-|[[Game Developeres Conference]]}}.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.ign.com/articles/2007/03/07/gdc-2007-mass-effect-the-first-hour| title = GDC 2007: Mass Effect - The First Hour| date = March 7, 2007| first = Hilary| last = Goldstein| first2 = Erik| last2 = Brudvig|lang=en}}</ref> Povtorno igra byla pokazana na {{-|Electronic Entertainment Expo}} v juliju 2007-go lěta.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CItElYfc47g| title = Live from the Santa Monica Pier! Mass Effect Stage Demo| date = July 19, 2007|lang=en}}</ref> V avgustu 2007-go lěta byla pokazana na {{-|[[Games Convention]]}} v [[Leipzig|{{-|Leipzigu|Леjпцигу}}]].<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.gamesindustry.biz/critically-acclaimed-rpg-mass-effect-begins-epic-journey-on-23rd-november-2007| title = Critically-Acclaimed RPG "Mass Effect" Begins Epic Journey on 23rd November 2007| date = August 31, 2007|lang=en}}</ref> V izdanje igra šla 20 novembra 2007-go lěta.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://news.microsoft.com/source/2007/11/20/gamer-excitement-reaches-galactic-proportions-as-mass-effect-touches-down-today-on-retail-shelves-in-north-america/| title = Gamer Excitement Reaches Galactic Proportions as “Mass Effect” Touches Down Today on Retail Shelves in North America| date = November 20, 2007|lang=en}}</ref> == Recenzije == {| class="wikitable" | rowspan="2" align="center" |'''Izdanje''' | colspan="3" align="center" |'''Ocěnka''' |- | align="center" |'''{{-|[[Osobny kompjuter|PC]]}}''' | align="center" |'''{{-|[[PlayStation 3|PS3]]}}''' | align="center" |'''{{-|[[Xbox 360]]}}''' |- | align="left" |{{-|[[GameRankings]]}} | align="left" |89,70 %<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gamerankings.com/pc/944902-mass-effect/index.html|title=Mass Effect for PC|publisher={{-|[[GameRankings]]}}|access-date=2019-12-09|language=en|archive-date=2019-12-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191209015645/https://www.gamerankings.com/pc/944902-mass-effect/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> | align="left" |82,00 %<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gamerankings.com/ps3/689056-mass-effect/index.html|title=Mass Effect PlayStation 3|date=2016-10-05|publisher={{-|[[GameRankings]]}}|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121213034250/http://www.gamerankings.com/ps3/689056-mass-effect/index.html|archive-date=2012-12-13|lang=en}}</ref> | align="left" |91,24 %<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gamerankings.com/xbox360/930279-mass-effect/index.html|title=Mass Effect for Xbox 360|publisher={{-|[[GameRankings]]}}|access-date=2019-12-09|language=en|archive-date=2019-12-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191209013328/https://www.gamerankings.com/xbox360/930279-mass-effect/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[Metacritic]]}} | align="left" |89/100<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.metacritic.com/game/pc/mass-effect|title=Mass Effect (PC)|date=2012-04-24|publisher={{-|[[Metacritic]]}}|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100821111555/http://www.metacritic.com/game/pc/mass-effect|archive-date=2010-08-21|lang=en}}</ref> | align="left" |85/100<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.metacritic.com/game/playstation-3/mass-effect|title=Mass Effect (PlayStation 3)|date=2016-10-05|publisher={{-|[[Metacritic]]}}|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121118033542/http://www.metacritic.com/game/playstation-3/mass-effect|archive-date=2012-11-18|lang=en}}</ref> | align="left" |91/100<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.metacritic.com/game/xbox-360/mass-effect|title=Mass Effect (Xbox 360)|date=2012-04-24|publisher={{-|[[Metacritic]]}}|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100817013510/http://www.metacritic.com/game/xbox-360/mass-effect|archive-date=2010-08-17|lang=en}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[1UP.com]]}} | align="left" |A-<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.1up.com/reviews/mass-effect-review|title=Mass Effect PC Review |author=Thierry Nguyen |date=2008-06-17 |lang=en |work={{-|[[1UP.com]]}}|access-date=2012-04-25 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/68iFKqDnr?url=http://www.1up.com/reviews/mass-effect-review|archive-date=2012-06-26 }}</ref> | align="left" | - | align="left" |A<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.1up.com/reviews/mass-effect |title=Mass Effect (XBOX 360) |author=Jennifer Tsao|date=2007-11-19 |work={{-|[[1UP.com]}} |lang=en |access-date=2012-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120605212422/http://www.1up.com/reviews/mass-effect|archive-date=2012-06-05}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[Computer and Video Games|CVG]]}} | align="left" |9,2/10<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.computerandvideogames.com/190267/reviews/mass-effect-review/ |title=Mass Effect PC Review |lang=en |work={{-|[[Computer and Video Games]]}}|author=Ed Zitron|date=2008-06-04 |access-date=2012-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120312103314/http://www.computerandvideogames.com/190267/reviews/mass-effect-review/|archive-date=2012-03-12}}</ref> | align="left" | - | align="left" |9,0/10<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.computerandvideogames.com/175911/reviews/mass-effect-review/ |title=Mass Effect Xbox Review |lang=en |work={{-|[[Computer and Video Games]]}}|author=Alex Dale|date=2007-11-19 |access-date=2012-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110126035543/http://www.computerandvideogames.com/175911/reviews/mass-effect-review/|archive-date=2011-01-12}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[Edge (žurnal)|Edge]]}} | align="left" |7/10<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.edge-online.com/reviews/mass-effect-review|title=Mass Effect review |lang=en |work={{-|[[Future Publishing]]}}|date=2007-12-02|access-date=2012-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120301013356/http://www.edge-online.com/reviews/mass-effect-review|archive-date=2012-03-01}}</ref> | align="left" | - | align="left" | - |- | align="left" |{{-|[[Eurogamer]]}} | align="left" |8/10<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/mass-effect-review |title=Mass Effect Review |lang=en |work={{-|[[Eurogamer]]}}|author=Kristan Reed|date=2007-11-19|access-date=2012-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111204445/http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/mass-effect-review|archive-date=2009-01-11}}</ref> | align="left" | - | align="left" |8/10<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/mass-effect-review |title=Mass Effect Review |lang=en|work={{-|[[Eurogamer]]}}|author=Kristan Reed|access-date=2012-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111204445/http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/mass-effect-review|archive-date=2009-01-11}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[Game Informer]]}} | align="left" | - | align="left" | - | align="left" |9,75/10 |- | align="left" |{{-|[[GamePro]]}} | align="left" | - | align="left" | - | align="left" |4,75/5<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gamepro.com/article/reviews/148788/mass-effect-the-best-rpg-of-2007/ |title=GamePro review |lang=en |work={{-|[[Gamepro]]}} |author=Cameron Lewis|date=2007-11-19|access-date=2009-05-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080921213613/http://www.gamepro.com/article/reviews/148788/mass-effect-the-best-rpg-of-2007/|archive-date=2008-09-21}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[GameSpot]]}} | align="left" |9,0/10<ref>{{cite web|author=Chris Watters|url=http://www.gamespot.com/mass-effect/reviews/mass-effect-review-6191875/|title=Mass Effect Review for PC|lang=en|work={{-|[[GameSpot]]}}|date=2008-05-28|access-date=2012-04-25|archive-date=2012-05-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120501162723/http://www.gamespot.com/mass-effect/reviews/mass-effect-review-6191875/|url-status=live}}</ref> | align="left" | - | align="left" |8,5/10<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gamespot.com/mass-effect/reviews/mass-effect-review-6183119/|title=GameSpot review|lang=en|author=Kevin VanOrd|work={{-|[[GameSpot]]}}|access-date=2012-04-25|archive-date=2012-05-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120501004812/http://www.gamespot.com/mass-effect/reviews/mass-effect-review-6183119/|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[GameSpy]]}} | align="left" |5 zvězd | align="left" | - | align="left" |5 zvězd<ref>{{cite web|url=http://xbox360.gamespy.com/xbox-360/mass-effect/836239p1.html|title=Gamespy review |lang=en |work={{-|[[GameSpy]]}} |last=Villoria|first=Gerald |access-date=2009-05-25 }}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[GamesRadar (žurnal)|GamesRadar+]]}} | align="left" |9/10 | align="left" | - | align="left" |9/10<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gamesradar.com/mass-effect-12/ |title=Mass Effect review |lang=en |work={{-|[[GamesRadar (žurnal|GamesRadar]]}} |author=Eric Bratcher|access-date=2012-05-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121013070541/http://www.gamesradar.com/mass-effect-review/|archive-date=2012-10-13}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[GameTrailers]]}} | align="left" | - | align="left" | - | align="left" |9,6/10<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.gametrailers.com/gamereview.php?id=2211|title=Mass Effect |website={{-|[[GameTrailers]]}}|access-date=February 22, 2009|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090222082413/http://www.gametrailers.com/gamereview.php?id=2211 |archive-date=February 22, 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[IGN]]}} | align="left" |9,4/10<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2008/05/27/mass-effect-review |title=Mass Effect Review |website={{-|[[IGN]]}}|access-date=October 1, 2016 |author=Jason Ocampo |date=May 27, 2008 |lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140530035846/http://www.ign.com/articles/2008/05/27/mass-effect-review |archive-date=May 30, 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> | align="left" |9,0/10<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2012/12/10/mass-effect-ps3-review |title=Mass Effect PS3 Review |website={{-|[[IGN]]}}|access-date=October 2, 2016 |author=Colin Moriarty |date=December 10, 2012 |lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160129185655/http://www.ign.com/articles/2012/12/10/mass-effect-ps3-review |archive-date=January 29, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> | align="left" |9,4/10<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2007/11/19/mass-effect-review-2 |title=Mass Effect Review |website={{-|[[IGN]]}}|access-date=October 1, 2016 |author=Erik Brudvig |date=November 19, 2007 |lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160924220330/http://www.ign.com/articles/2007/11/19/mass-effect-review-2 |archive-date=September 24, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[Official Xbox Magazine]]}} | align="left" | - | align="left" | - | align="left" |10/10<ref>{{Cite magazine |url=http://www.oxmonline.com/mass-effect-review |title=Mass Effect review |magazine={{-|[[Official Xbox Magazine]]}}|author=Paul Curthoys |date=November 19, 2007 |access-date=October 6, 2011 |lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111006140039/http://www.oxmonline.com/mass-effect-review |archive-date=October 6, 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[X-Play]]}} | align="left" |5 zvězd | align="left" | - | align="left" |5 zvězd |- | align="left" |{{-|[[3DNews]]}} | align="left" |9,5/10 | align="left" | - | align="left" | - |- | align="left" |{{-|[[Absolute Games]]}} | align="left" |79 %<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ag.ru/games/mass-effect/review |title=Рецензия на Mass Effect |author=Nomad |date=2008-06-15 |access-date=2019-12-12 |lang=ru |work={{-|[[Absolute Games]]}}|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130101061931/https://ag.ru/games/mass-effect/review|archive-date=2013-01-01}}</ref> | align="left" | - | align="left" | - |- | align="left" |{{-|[[PlayGround.ru]]}} | align="left" |8,6/10<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.playground.ru/articles/21303/ |title=Mass Effect. Сны о чем-то большем |author=demigot |date=2008-06-26 |access-date=2012-04-24 |lang=ru |work={{-|[[PlayGround.ru|Playground]]}}|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200812202004/https://www.playground.ru/mass_effect/opinion/mass_effect_sny_o_chem_to_bolshem-421303|archive-date=2020-08-12}}</ref> | align="left" | - | align="left" | - |- | align="left" |{{-|[[Игромания (žurnal)|Игромания]]}} | align="left" |9,5/10<ref>{{Cite web |author=Курган, Георгий |title=Полные рецензии > Mass Effect |url=http://www.igromania.ru/articles/56443/Mass_Effect.htm |work={{-|[[Игромания (žurnal)|Игромания]]}} |year=2008|publisher={{-|Игромедиа}}|lang=ru |archive-date=2012-04-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120411071729/http://www.igromania.ru/articles/56443/Mass_Effect.htm }}</ref> | align="left" | - | align="left" | - |} == Prodolženje-sikvel == Tvorjenje vtoroj igry počelo se v početku 2008-go lěta. {{-|[[Mass Effect 2]]}} byla izdana je 26 januara 2010-go lěta<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.vg247.com/mass-effect-comfirmed-for-january-2010-release-with-preorder-bonus| title = Mass Effect 2 confirmed for January 2010 release with preorder bonus| date = October 16, 2009| first = Stephany| last = Nunneley-Jackson|lang=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.cnews.ru/news/line/mass_effect_2_data_vyhoda| title = Mass Effect 2. Дата выхода| date = October 17, 2009|lang=ru}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web| url = https://gamemag.ru/news/48799/mass-effect-2-stal-pervym-igrovym-blokbasterom-2010-goda| title = Mass Effect 2 стал первым игровым блокбастером 2010 года| date = February 3, 2010| first = Сергей| last = Дьяконенко|lang=ru}}</ref>. Na {{-|PlayStation 3}} igra byla izdana 18 januara 2011-go lěta<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2010/12/09/mass-effect-2-ps3-release-date|title=Mass Effect 2 PS3 Release Date|date=December 9, 2010|first=Jim|last=Reilly|lang=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blog.bioware.com/2010/12/15/mass-effect-2-on-playstation-3-podcast-and-gold-announcement/|title=Mass Effect 2 on Playstation 3 Podcast and Gold Announcement|date=December 15, 2010|first=Evil Chris|last=Priestly|lang=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.ea.com/press-releases/press-releases-details/2011/BioWares-Award-Winning-Mass-Effect-2-Makes-PlayStation-3-Debut-Today/default.aspx|date=January 18, 2011|title=BioWare’s Award-Winning Mass Effect 2 Makes PlayStation 3 Debut Today|lang=en}}</ref>. V {{-|Mass Effect 2}} možno importovati shranjenu igru iz {{-|Mass Effect}} — dejanja iz prvoj igry imajut vliv vo vtoroj<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2009/12/28/mass-effect-2-importing-requires-hard-drive|title=Mass Effect 2 Importing Requires Hard Drive|date=December 28, 2009|first=Jim|last=Reilly|lang=en}}</ref>. == Iztočniky == {{Iztočniky}} == Vnešne linky == * {{MobyGames|31277/mass-effect/}} [[Kategorija:Mass Effect]] [[Kategorija:Kompjuterne igry, ktore stvorila BioWare]] [[Kategorija:Kompjuterne igry, ktore izdala Electronic Arts]] [[Kategorija:Igry za Windows]] [[Kategorija:Igry za Xbox 360]] [[Kategorija:Igry na igromotoru Unreal Engine 3]] [[Kategorija:Igry za PlayStation 3]] [[Kategorija:Videoigry]] i8uul2p4hykseguyrxuobvrth2cki2u 45574 45572 2026-08-12T12:13:24Z Ilja isv 10 /* Anons i izdanje */ 45574 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kartka kompjuterna igra |obložka= |nazva = {{-|Mass Effect}} |razrabotniki={{-|[[BioWare]]}} |izdatelji={{-|[[Microsoft Game Studios]]}}, {{-|[[Electronic Arts]]}} |serija={{-|[[Mass Effect]]}} |dataizdanja={{-|[[Xbox 360]]}}: [[Severna Amerika]]: 20 novembra 2007 [[Avstralija]]: 22 novembra 2007 [[Evropejsky sojuz]]: 23 novembra 2007 {{-|[[Microsoft Windows|Windows]]}}: [[Severna Amerika]]: 28 maja 2008 [[Avstralija]]: 5 junija 2008 [[Evropejsky sojuz]]: 6 junija 2008 {{-|[[PlayStation 3]]}}: [[Severna Amerika]]: 4 dekembra 2012 [[Evropejsky sojuz]]: 7 dekembra 2012 |žanr={{-|action role-playing}} |platformy={{-|[[Xbox 360]], [[Microsoft Windows]], [[PlayStation 3]]}} |igrovy motor={{-|[[Unreal Engine 3]]}}<ref>{{Cite web| url=https://www.unrealengine.com/blog/mass-effect| title=Critically Acclaimed Mass Effect Powered by Unreal Engine 3| date=November 20, 2007| first=John| last=Gaudiosi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.gamesradar.com/mass-effect-legendary-edition-uses-unreal-engine-3-for-good-reason-according-to-the-developers/ |title=Mass Effect: Legendary Edition uses Unreal Engine 3 for good reason according to the developers |website=GamesRadar+ |date=4 February 2021 |access-date=12 October 2022 |archive-date=6 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210206190428/https://www.gamesradar.com/mass-effect-legendary-edition-uses-unreal-engine-3-for-good-reason-according-to-the-developers/ |url-status=live }}</ref> |režim igry=jedin igrač |glava=[[Casey Hudson|Kejsi Hadson]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://akamai.cdn.ea.com/eadownloads/u/f/manuals/GAME-MASSEFFECT/Manuals.zip|type=zip|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250101115505/http://akamai.cdn.ea.com/eadownloads/u/f/manuals/GAME-MASSEFFECT/Manuals.zip|archive-date=2025-01-01|access-date=2026-08-12|ref= {{sfnref|Manual|2008}}|title= Mass Effect PC Manual|year=2008 }}</ref> |gejmdizajner=Preston Wataman{{-|iu|jу}}k{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=32}} |programist=David Falkner{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=32}}<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1073668/fullcredits/?ref_=tt_cst_sm#amzn1.imdb.concept.name_credit_category.a7c2d410-e513-4bd7-85d5-73060ec46a84 Mass Effect (Video Game 2007) - Full cast & crew | Additional Crew] na {{-|[[IMDb]]}}</ref> |hudožnik=Derek Watts{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=32}}<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1073668/fullcredits/?ref_=tt_cst_sm#amzn1.imdb.concept.name_credit_category.60a44752-af76-44f7-9de0-ec51aea2180d Mass Effect (Video Game 2007) - Full cast & crew | Art Director] na {{-|[[IMDb]]}}</ref> |kompozitori=[[Jack Wall|Džek Vol]],{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=32}}<ref name=":9" /> [[Sam Hulick|Sam Hulik]],{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=32}}<ref name=":9" /> [[Richard Jacques|Rišar Žak]],{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=32}}<ref name=":9" /> David {{-|Kates|Кеjтс}}{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=32}}<ref name=":9" />|jezyky interfejsa=[[Anglijsky jezyk|anglijsky]], [[Francuzsky jezyk|francuzsky]], [[Němečsky jezyk|němečsky]], [[Špansky jezyk|špansky]], [[Italijansky jezyk|italijansky]], [[Russky jezyk|russky]], [[Poljsky jezyk|poljsky]]}} '''''{{-|Mass Effect}}''''' ({{Jezyky|isv|Efekt masy}}) — [[kompjuterna igra]] v žanru {{-|action-role-play}}, ktoru stvorila studija {{-|[[BioWare]]}} i izdala {{-|[[Microsoft Game Studios]]}} v lětu 2007.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.ign.com/articles/2007/11/19/mass-effect-review-2| date = November 19, 2007| title = Mass Effect Review| first = Erik| last = Brudvig|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161005213517/http://www.ign.com/articles/2007/11/19/mass-effect-review-2|archive-date=2016-10-05}}</ref> Je prvoju čestju [[Mass Effect|serije {{-|Mass Effect}}]]. V 2007 leto igra prišla jedino toliko na {{-|[[Xbox 360]]}}.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web| url = http://xbox360.gamespy.com/xbox-360/mass-effect/836239p1.html| title = Mass Effect| date = November 19, 2007| first = Gerald| last = Villoria|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071120143528/http://xbox360.gamespy.com/xbox-360/mass-effect/836239p1.html|archive-date=2007-11-20}}</ref> V 2008 javila se versija igry na {{-|[[Microsoft Windows|Windows]]}},<ref name=":1">{{Cite web| url = http://pc.gamespy.com/pc/bioware-rpg/877353p1.html| title = BioWare's space opera comes to PC and is still one of the greatest role-playing games we've ever played.| date = May 28, 2008| first = Gerald| last = Villoria|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080531073014/http://pc.gamespy.com/pc/bioware-rpg/877353p1.html|archive-date=2008-05-31}}</ref> v 2012 prišla versija na {{-|[[PlayStation 3]]}}.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.ign.com/articles/2012/09/26/mass-effect-trilogy-set-announced| title = Mass Effect Trilogy Set Announced| date = September 26, 2012| first = Andrew| last = Goldfarb|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120926193158/http://www.ign.com/articles/2012/09/26/mass-effect-trilogy-set-announced|archive-date=2012-09-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.gamespot.com/articles/mass-effect-trilogy-comes-to-ps3-dec-4/1100-6399374/| title = Mass Effect Trilogy comes to PS3 Dec. 4| date = November 2, 2010| first = Eddie| last = Makuch|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107221336/https://www.gamespot.com/articles/mass-effect-trilogy-comes-to-ps3-dec-4/1100-6399374/|archive-date=2017-11-07}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web| url = https://blog.bioware.com/2012/11/01/ryan-warden-an-update-on-the-mass-effect-trilogy/| title = Ryan Warden: An Update on the Mass Effect Trilogy| date = November 1, 2012|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103041035/http://blog.bioware.com/2012/11/01/ryan-warden-an-update-on-the-mass-effect-trilogy/|archive-date=2012-11-03}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web| url = https://www.ign.com/articles/2012/11/30/reminder-mass-effect-comes-to-ps3-very-soon| title = Reminder: Mass Effect Comes to PS3 Very Soon| date = November 30, 2012| first = Colin| last = Moriarty|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121203054258/http://www.ign.com/articles/2012/11/30/reminder-mass-effect-comes-to-ps3-very-soon|archive-date=2012-12-03}}</ref> Sjužet igry govori o tom, že v 22-om stoletju [[člověčstvo]] spoznalo i naučilo se rabotati s tehnologijeju svrhsvětlovyh lětanij v [[Kosmos|kosmosu]] s pomočju nekakogo nulovogo elementa, ktory obnuloval masu-težinu (toj moment vpisan je v nazvanje igry). A takože v to stolětje ljudi zakontaktovali se s inoplanetnymi civilizacijami.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=6}} Glavny heroj ili herojinja (to izbiraje igrač) igry komander Šepard dobyvaje status Spektra — specialnogo soldata na služenju galaktičnoj rady-sověta Citadely, i so svojim odredom pošeti različne mesta i zvezdne sistemy galaktiky. V 2008 lětu za igru izdali dodatny kontent pod nazvoju ''{{-|Bring Down the Sky}}'',<ref name=":10">{{Cite web| url = http://pc.gamespy.com/pc/bioware-rpg/894639p1.html| title = Free Downloadable Content Now Available for Mass Effect PC| date = July 29, 2008|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080802190447/http://pc.gamespy.com/pc/bioware-rpg/894639p1.html|archive-date=2008-08-08}}</ref> v ktorom potrebno bylo spasati planetu Tera Nova od asteroida {{-|X57}} i teroristov.<ref name=":11">{{Cite web| url = https://www.ign.com/articles/2008/02/25/mass-effect-bring-down-the-sky-interview| title = Mass Effect: Bring Down the Sky Interview| date = February 25, 2008| first = Erik| last = Brudvig|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130216182140/http://www.ign.com/articles/2008/02/25/mass-effect-bring-down-the-sky-interview|archive-date=2013-02-16}}</ref> V 2009 lětu za igru izdali dodatny kontent pod nazvoju ''{{-|Pinnacle Station}}'', ktory dodaval nekoliko zadanij, a takože možnost dobyti v nagradu apartamenty.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.eurogamer.net/me-pinnacle-station-dlc-detailed| title = New Mass Effect DLC detailed| date = August 24, 2009| first = Robert| last = Purchese|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128113544/https://www.eurogamer.net/me-pinnacle-station-dlc-detailed|archive-date=2022-11-28}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite web| url = https://gamemag.ru/news/44026/mass-effect-dopolnenie-pinnacle-station-dostupno-v-xbox-live| title = Mass Effect: Дополнение "Pinnacle Station" доступно в Xbox Live| date = August 24, 2009| last = livesaifer|lang=ru|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260731230912/https://gamemag.ru/news/44026/mass-effect-dopolnenie-pinnacle-station-dostupno-v-xbox-live|archive-date=2026-07-31}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.gamespot.com/articles/new-mass-effect-dlc-avatar-items-now-available/1100-6216123/| title = New Mass Effect DLC, avatar items now available. UPDATE Microsoft releases Pinnacle Station, a 13-mission, two-to-three-hour add-on to the popular Xbox 360 role-playing game; Mass Effect outfits hit Marketplace en masse.| date = August 25, 2009| first = Tor| last = Thorsen|lang=en}}</ref><ref name=":13">{{Cite web| url = https://www.ign.com/articles/2009/08/25/mass-effect-pinnacle-station-review| title = Mass Effect: Pinnacle Station Review| date = August 25, 2009| first = Erik| last = Brudvig|lang=en}}</ref> Dalje byli izdane igry {{-|[[Mass Effect 2]]}} v 2010 lětu i {{-|[[Mass Effect 3]]}} v 2012,<ref name=":4" /> ktore stvorili trilogiju o komanderu Šepardu. V 2021 leto igra byla obnovjena v svezku izdanja {{-|[[Mass Effect: Legendary Edition]]}}.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://news.ea.com/press-releases/press-releases-details/2021/Relive-the-Award-Winning-Space-Opera-in-Mass-Effect-Legendary-Edition-on-May-14/default.aspx| title = Relive the Award-Winning Space Opera in Mass Effect Legendary Edition on May 14| date = February 2, 2021|lang=en}}</ref> == Gejmplej == ''{{-|Mass Effect}} '' — je igra v žanru {{-|action-rpg}} za jednogo igrača, v ktoroj igrač upravjaje komanderom Šepardom ({{Jezyky|en|Commander Shepard}}) s pogledom od tretjego lica. Pred početkom igry potrebno izbrati ime igrača (ktoro na igrovy svet ne vlijaje), pol, izgled, jedin iz nekoliko variantov predhistorije, igrovy klas-specialnost. {{sfn|Manual|2008|p=7-9}} Za izbor dostupne sut 6 klasov. Každy klas imaje svoju specialnost v oružju i sposobnostah.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=8}} Igrač i učestniki odreda mogut orudovati vsakym oružjem, ale efektivnost togo zavisi od klasa i parametrov každogo.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=8}} Na kosmičnom korabu igrača dostupna je karta galaktiky, s pomočju ktoroj igrač može premeščati se po svetu. V galaktikě sut grupy-skupiny zvezd, v ktoryh sut zvezdne sistemy, v ktoryh už sut planety i kosmične stancije. Za premeščenije medžu grupami zvezd potrebno upotrebjati retranslatory masy ({{Jezyky|en|Mass-Relay}}).{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=14-15}} Kosmičny korab igrača imaje nazvu "Normandija" ({{Jezyky|en|Normandy SR-1}}) — to je esperimentalny korab, ktory stvorili naučniki Aliansa sistem ({{Jezyky|en|Systems Alliance}}) v koperacije s turianskymi ({{Jezyky|en|turians}}) specialistami. Toj korab upotrebjaje se igračem za putovanje medžu planetami i zvezdami s pomočju interaktivnoj karty. Na korabu irač može govoriti s ljudami-služebnikami koraba (medikami, inženjerami) i učestnikami svojego odreda. Na planetah i stancijah igrač izpolnjaje zadanja-operacije, kvesty i vzajemodejstvuje s {{-|NPC}}.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=10-11}} Po završenju-koncu zadanij igrač dobyvaje specialne pointy, ktore dozvoljajut razvivati sposobnosti, dobyvaje predmety za inventar. Inventar imaje razmer v 150 elementov-predmetov. Nepotrebne predmety možno prodati, utilizirovati v omni-gel, ktory je potreben za otkrytje zamkov i remonta vsekdehoda "Mako".{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=22}} Vsekdehod "Mako" možno upotrebjati na planetah za preměščenje na velike distancije i strěljbu po neprijateljam. Takože vsekdehod je pomočen na nektoryh zlyh planetah, na ktoryh okolična pogoda jest škodliva dlja odreda.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=26}} A na kosmičnyh stancijah i planetah možno kupiti različne predmety kako oružje, bronju i dodatne ulepšenja. === Bojeva sistema === Boji idut v realnom času. Igrač upravjaje Šepardom od tretjego lica. V odredu igrača takože je jedino dva personaža, ktorymi upravjaje kompjuter i ktorym može davati komandy igrač, naprimer: atakovati neprijatelja, zajeti ukrytje i tako dalje.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=16-17}} V čas boja igrač može otkryti taktično menju, ktoro stopuje igru i v ktorom možno smeniti oružje, ukazati koju sposobnost upotrebiti (kako Šepardu tako i učestnikam odreda). Každa sposobnost imaje svoju meru-vreme za obnovjene posle každogo upotrebjenja.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=16-17}} Oružje igrača ne trebuje naboja, jednako dost silna streljba može pregreti oružje i nektoro vreme nemožno bude streljati. To trebuje delati pauzu medžu streljanjem. V igrě sut 4 tipov oružja: pistolety, pompovky, vintovky, snajperske ružja i granaty.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=18-19}} Bronja takože različna: legka, sredna, težka. Vsaka bronja imaje različne specializacije i sposobnosti. Takože može byti ograničenje v zavisnosti od klasa igrača ili učestnika odreda. Takože je razlika medžu civilizacijami: ljudi i azari ({{Jezyky|en|asari}}) mogut nositi jednu bronju, turianci imajut svoju bronju, krogani ({{Jezyky|en|krogans}}) svoju.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=20-21}} Akoli gibnut učestniki odreda, to ih možno lečiti s pomočju medi-gela, akoli gibne igrač, to treba restartovati igru od poslednego shranjenja. === Dialogova sistema === Igrač izbiraje varianty za odgovor s pomočju dialogovogo kolesa ({{Jezyky|en|dialogue wheel}}).{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=10-11}} Obyčajno, ale ne vsegda, v pravoj vrhnoj straně sut rečenja heroja-paragona, a v pravoj nižnej-dolnoj straně sut rečenja odstupnika-renegata. Rečenja heroja sut sinjego cveta-kolora, a odstupnika-renegata črvenogo. V levoj straně kolesa sut varianty rečenja, ktore mogut zapytati nekojego {{-|NPC}} o predmetě govorenja. Herojske-paragonske rečenja dodajut igraču pointy heroja, a odstupničske-renegatske dajut pointy renegata. Te pointy dajut nove varianty dejanij v različne momenty igry. Te varianty mogut dati dodatnu informaciju, izbegti boja, spasti nekojego.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=24}} == Sjužet == === Igrovy svet === Dejanje tutoj igry ide v [[Mlěčny put|Mlěčnom putu]] v 22 stoletju. Človečstvo spoznalo letanja v kosmosu s pomočju nulevogo elementa i mas-retranslatorov ({{Jezyky|en|mass relays}}). Retranslatory směnšajut masu-težinu korabov do nula i s pomočju togo koraby kako by teleportujut se{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=6}}. Krome človečstva v galaktikě sut množstva drugyh inoplanetnyh civilizacij, nektora čest kojih stvorila specialny Sovět na kosmičnoj stanciji Citadel. Osnovne civilizacije sut azari ({{Jezyky|en|asari}}), turianci ({{Jezyky|en|turians}}) i salarianci ({{Jezyky|en|salarians}})<ref>{{-|[[BioWare]]}}. {{-|Mass Effect}} (2007). Igrovy Kodeks: "Inoplanetjani: Rasy v Sovetě Citadely" ({{Jezyky|en|Aliens: Council Races}}).</ref>. Nektore civilizacije sut prědstavjene na Citadelě s pomočju ambasad: volusi ({{Jezyky|en|voluses}}), hanari ({{Jezyky|en|hanars}}), elkori ({{Jezyky|en|elcors}}), a takože ljudi<ref>{{-|[[BioWare]]}}. {{-|Mass Effect}} (2007). Igrovy Kodeks: "Inoplanetjani: Rasy ne v Sovetě Citadely" ({{Jezyky|en|Aliens: Non-Council Races}}).</ref>. Takože sut nektore civilizacije, ktore živut vne Citadelskogo prostora: krogani ({{Jezyky|en|krogans}}), batarianci ({{Jezyky|en|batarians}}), kvarianci ({{Jezyky|en|quarians}}). Vse životne civilizacije v igrě imajut nazvu ''organične'', a robotove civilizacije, kako gety ({{Jezyky|en|geths}}) i Žnecy ({{Jezyky|en|Reapers}}) ''sintetične''. Člověčstvo prvy raz strětilo se s inymi civilizacijami (turiancami) v 2149 lětu i ta strěča počela se kako vojna, ktora skoro završila se. Ljudi izšli v novy sektor kosmosa s pomočju retranslatora, ale zakon Citadele ne dozvoljaje aktivirovati nerazvedane retranslatory; zamesto govorenja turianci izničtožili prve koraby ljudij i to dejanje stalo pričinoju vojny.<ref name=":17">[[BioWare]]. {{-|Mass Effect}} (2007). Igrovy Kodeks: "Človečstvo i Alians Sistem" ({{Jezyky|en|Humanity and the Systems Alliance}}).</ref> Potom človečstvo dobylo svoje město v galaktičnom sociumu posle nektoryh drugyh dejanij<ref name=":17" />. Na moment početka igry komander Šepard potreben byl stati prvym človekom Spektrom. Spektri sut specialni ljudi, u kojih administracija je Sovět Citadele<ref>{{-|[[BioWare]]}}. {{-|Mass Effect}} (2007). Igrovy Kodeks: "Citadel i Galaktičska vlada" ({{Jezyky|en|Citadel and Galactic Government}}).</ref>. === Personaži === ==== Šepard ==== Glavny personaž igry je komander Šepard ({{Jezyky|en|Shepard}}). V zavisnosti od igrača Šepard može byti žena ili muž. Standardno mužsko ime je Džon ({{Jezyky|en|John}}), a žensko Džejn ({{Jezyky|en|Jane}}). Prědhistorija Šeparda takože izbiraje se igračem: {| class="wikitable" |+Varianty biografije Šeparda{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=7-9}} ! colspan="2" |Do armije |- |Kolonist ({{Jezyky|en|colonist}}) |Dětinstvo Šeparda bylo na kolonije Mindoir. Koloniju atakovali sut piraty-rabotrgovci i ubili jegovyh roditeljev. Šeparda vzeli k sobe dozorny patrol Aliansa. Kogda Šepardu stalo 18 let, on pošel v armiju Aliansa. |- |Rodženi na Zemji ({{Jezyky|en|Earthborn}}) |Šepard byl sirota i jegovo dětinstvo prošlo v uličnyh bandah. Kogda Šepardu stalo 18 let, on pošel v armiju. |- |Kosmičnik ({{Jezyky|en|Spacer}}) |Roditelji Šeparda sut vojskovi ljudi. Vse dětinstvo Šepard byl na kosmičnyh korabah. Potom zapisal se v armiju Aliansa. |- ! colspan="2" |V čas služenja v armije |- |Heroj vojny ({{Jezyky|en|War Hero}}) |V čas služenja na člověčskoj koloniji Elizium ({{Jezyky|en|Elysium}}) bojeval protiv piratov, kojih bylo mnogo, odbivši ataku. |- |Izživši ({{Jezyky|en|Sole Survivor}}) |Na planetě Akuza ({{Jezyky|en|Akuze}}) odred Šeparda byl atakovan velikym inoplanetnym životnym i byl cělo izničtoženy. Ostal jedino Šepard. |- |Ljuty ({{Jezyky|en|Ruthless}}) |Na planetě Torfan ({{Jezyky|en|Torfan}}) Šepard izgubil 3/4 svojego odreda, ale izpolnil zadanje, a takože izničil vsih neprijatelskyh piratov-batariancev. |} Mužsky glas Šeparda dal aktor {{-|[[Mark Meer]]}}<ref name=":18">[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1073668/fullcredits/?ref_=tt_cst_sm#amzn1.imdb.concept.name_credit_group.7caf7d16-5db9-4f4f-8864-d4c6e711c686 Mass Effect (Video Game 2007) - Full cast] na [[IMDb]]</ref>. Žensky glas Šeparda dala aktrisa {{-|[[Jennifer Hale]]}}<ref name=":18" />. ==== Ekipa Normandije ==== ===== Džef Džoker Moro ===== Džef Džoker Moro ({{Jezyky|en|Jeff Joker Moreau}}) — je profesionalny pilot Normandije. Imaje veliku problemu s kostami, one sut slabe. Glas jemu dal aktor {{-|[[Seth Benjamin Gesshel Green]]}}<ref>[https://www.mobygames.com/person/266203/seth-b-green/credits/ Seth B. Green - Video Game Credits - MobyGames], "Mass Effect (2007, Xbox 360) Jeff “Joker” Moreau"</ref><ref name=":18" />. ===== Greg Adams ===== Greg Adams ({{Jezyky|en|Greg Adams}}) — je glavny inženjer Normandije. On rabotaje v inženjernoj sekciji koraba. Glas jemu dal aktor {{-|[[Roger Labon Jackson]]}}<ref>[https://www.mobygames.com/person/1179/roger-labon-jackson/credits/ Roger Labon Jackson - Video Game Credits - MobyGames], "Mass Effect (2007, Xbox 360) Additional Voices"</ref><ref name=":18" />. ===== Karin Čakvas ===== Karin Čakvas ({{Jezyky|en|Karin Chakwas}}) — je glavna doktorka Normandije. Glas jej dala aktrisa {{-|[[Carolyn Seymour]]}}<ref>[https://www.mobygames.com/person/17150/carolyn-seymour/credits/ Carolyn Seymour - Video Game Credits - MobyGames], "Mass Effect (2007, Xbox 360) Additional Voices"</ref><ref name=":18" />. ==== Osnovne učestniki odreda ==== ===== Ričard Dženkins ===== Ričard Dženkins ({{Jezyky|en|Richard L. Jenkins}}) — soldat Aliansa. Imaje klas i sposobnosti soldata. Jegovo ime i historija v igrě imaje svez s mem-personažem Lirojem Dženkinsom. Glas jemu dal aktor {{-|[[George Joshua Christian Dean]]}}<ref>[https://www.mobygames.com/person/122414/josh-dean/credits/ Josh  Dean - Video Game Credits - MobyGames], "Mass Effect (2007, Xbox 360) Additional Voices"</ref><ref name=":18" />. ===== Kajdan Alenko ===== Kajdan Alenko ({{Jezyky|en|Kaidan Alenko}}) — lejtenant-poručnik, a takože biotik. Kako igrovy personaž imaje sposobnosti-specializaciju biotika. On je vozmožny romantičsky interes Šeparda-ženy. Glas jemu dal aktor {{-|[[Raphael Sbarge]]}}<ref>[https://www.mobygames.com/person/9258/raphael-sbarge/credits/ Raphael Sbarge - Video Game Credits - MobyGames], "Mass Effect (Xbox 360) Kaidan Alenko"</ref><ref name=":18" />. ===== Ešli Viljams ===== Ešli Viljams ({{Jezyky|en|Ashley Medelin Williams}}) — kosmična pěhotnica Aliansa. Igrač strěčaje ju v prvoj misiji igry. Ona je možnym romantičskym interesom Šeparda-muža. Glas jej dala aktrisa {{-|[[Kimberly Brooks]]}}<ref name=":18" />. ===== Urdnot Reks ===== Urdnot Reks ({{Jezyky|en|Urdnot Wrex}}) — krogan-biotik. Šepard strěčaje jego na Citadeli. Reks imaje praktično obče celji s Šepardom i ide pomogati jemu. Glas jemu dal aktor {{-|[[Steven Barr]]}}<ref name=":18" />. ===== Liara T'Soni ===== Liara T'Soni ({{Jezyky|en|Liara T’Soni}}) — je azarijska naučnica, a takože biotička, koja zajmaje se ksenoarheologijeju. Šepard strěčaje ju v jednoj iz misij igry, po ktoroj ona ide pomogati jemu. Ona je možnym romantičskym interesom za Šepardov obohdvoh polov. Glas jej dala aktrisa {{-|[[Ali Hillis]]}}<ref name=":18" />. ===== Garus Vakarian ===== Garus Vakarian ({{Jezyky|en|Garrus Vakarian}}) — je turianec, ktori rabotaje v službe bezpečnosti Citadele. Posle něktoryh činov od strany administracije služby bezpečnosti Citadele on odhodi odovud i prisjedinjaje se k odredu Šeparda, daby pomogti jemu. Glas jemu dal aktor {{-|[[Brandon James Keener]]}}<ref name=":18" />. ===== Tali Zora ===== Tali Zora ({{Jezyky|en|Tali'Zorah}}) — je kvarianka-tehnička, ktora byla atakovana v čas svojego putovanja něktorymi osobami. Ona imaje něktore silne dokazy o dělah, ktore sut svezany s cěljem raboty Šeparda. Glas jej dala aktrisa {{-|[[Ash Sroka]]}}<ref name=":18" />. ==== Antagonisti ==== ===== Saren Arterius ===== Saren Arterius ({{Jezyky|en|Saren Arterius}}) — je turianec-Spektr, ktory skooperiroval se s getami zaradi někakyh svojih cěljev i jest jedin iz glavnyh antagonistov igry. Glas jemu dal aktor {{-|[[Fred Tatasciore]]}}<ref name=":18" />. == Dodatne epizody ({{-|DLC}}) == Dlja ''{{-|Mass Effect}}'' je bylo izdano 2 {{-|DLC}}: ''{{-|Bring Down the Sky}}'' v marcu 2008 lěta, ''{{-|Pinnacle Station}}'' v avgustu 2009 lěta. V 2012 leto {{-|DLC}} ''{{-|Bring Down the Sky}}'' bylo izdano za {{-|[[PlayStation 3]]}}<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" />, ale ''{{-|Pinnacle Station}}'' izdan ne byl. {| class="wikitable" style="width: 100%;" |- style="text-align: center;" ! rowspan="2" style="width:40%;" |Nazva ! colspan="3" |Data izdanja |- ! style="width:20%;" |{{-|Xbox 360}} ! style="width:20%;" |{{-|Microsoft Windows}} ! style="width:20%;" |{{-|PlayStation 3}} |- | colspan="4" bgcolor="#e6e9ff" | |- align="center" bgcolor="#f2f2f2" | * {{Jezyky|en|Bring Down the Sky}} * {{Jezyky|de|Kollisionskurs}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.eurogamer.de/mass-effect-x57-dlc-kollisionskurs|title=Mass Effect: X57 DLC: Kollisionskurs|date=2008|first=Benjamin|last=Jakobs|lang=de}}</ref><ref name=":14">[https://www.mobygames.com/game/58908/mass-effect/credits/ps3/ MobyGames | Mass Effect Credits Bring Down the Sky: Keywords International Ltd.] </ref> * {{Jezyky|pl|Bring Down the Sky}}<ref name=":14" /> * {{Jezyky|fr|Turbulences à 900 000 Pieds}}<ref name=":14" /><ref>[https://www.gamekult.com/jeux/mass-effect-turbulences-a-900-000-pieds-3010006267.html www.gamekult.com - Mass Effect : Turbulences à 900.000 pieds]</ref> * {{Jezyky|ru|Гибель с небес}}<ref>[https://piper.old-games.ru/project/snowball_ru/www.snowball.ru/me/ Snowball Studios | Mass Effect: Золотое издание] </ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=December 30, 2008 |title="Mass Effect: Гибель с небес". Качаем |url=https://www.cnews.ru/news/line/mass_effect_gibel_s_nebes_kachaem |url-status=live|language=ru}}</ref> * {{Jezyky|it|Impatto imminente}}<ref name=":14" /><ref>[https://www.xbox.com/it-IT/games/store/impatto-imminente-en/BVTTSL5Q7D24 <nowiki>Xbox.com | Impatto imminente [EN]</nowiki>]</ref> |20 marca 2008 lěta |28 maja 2008 lěta<ref name=":10" /> |4 dekembra 2012 lěta<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ixbt.games/news/ps3-versiya-mass-effect-trilogy-v-dekabre.html|title=PS3-версия Mass Effect Trilogy в декабре|date=November 2, 2012|lang=ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2012/12/10/mass-effect-ps3-review|title=Mass Effect PS3 Review|date=December 10, 2012|first=Colin|last=Moriarty|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121212174118/http://www.ign.com/articles/2012/12/10/mass-effect-ps3-review|archive-date=December 12, 2012|lang=en}}</ref> |- | colspan="4" style="border: none; vertical-align: top;" | V {{-|DLC}} jedno zadanje, v ktorom piraty-batarianci ({{Jezyky|en|batarians}}) hčut skydnuti asteroid {{-|X57}} na planetu Tera Nova ({{Jezyky|en|Terra Nova}})<ref name=":11" />. |- | colspan="4" bgcolor="#e6e9ff" | |- align="center" bgcolor="#f2f2f2" |{{Jezyky|en|Pinnacle Station}} |25 avgusta 2009 lěta<ref name=":12" /> |25 avgusta 2009 lěta |nema |- | colspan="4" style="border: none; vertical-align: top;" | To vtoro {{-|DLC}} dodaje trenovačnu kosmičnu stanciju. Jejny komandir je admiral Ahern ({{Jezyky|en|Tadius Ahern}}). Igrač može trenovati se na stancije v simulatoru, ktory imaje 12 scenarijev i bonusny scenarij, ktory simuliruje jedin boj iz Vojny Prvogo Kontakta ({{Jezyky|en|First Contact War}}). Akoli završiti bonusny scenarij, igrač dobyvaje v dar apartamenty na planetě Intajsej ({{Jezyky|en|Intai'sei}}), v ktoryh igrač može kupiti redke predmety za dost malu cenu, ktora je vo mnogo raz niže, neželi v magazinah<ref name=":13" />. |} == Muzika == Muzikalne kompozicije stvorjal [[Jack Wall|Džek Vol]]{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=32}}<ref name=":9">[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1073668/fullcredits/?ref_=tt_cst_sm#amzn1.imdb.concept.name_credit_category.00f5faa0-5f76-4eb5-87a1-ec8d484d1779 Mass Effect (Video Game 2007) - Full cast & crew | Composers] na {{-|[[IMDb]]}}</ref>, ktory do ''{{-|Mass Effect}}'' stvoril saundtrek dlja igry {{-|[[Jade Empire]]}} 2005-go lěta i ktoru takože stvorila {{-|[[BioWare]]}}<ref>[https://www.discogs.com/master/698381-Jack-Wall-Jade-Empire-Original-Video-Game-Soundtrack Jack Wall - Jade Empire (Original Video Game Soundtrack)] na [[Discogs]]</ref><ref>[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0455965/fullcredits/?ref_=tt_cst_sm#amzn1.imdb.concept.name_credit_category.00f5faa0-5f76-4eb5-87a1-ec8d484d1779 Jade Empire (Video Game 2005) - Full cast & crow | Composer] na {{-|[[IMDb]]}}</ref>. 20 novembra 2007-go lěta label {{-|[[Sumthing Else]]}} izdal album ''{{-|Mass Effect Original Game Soundtrack}}''<ref name=":5">{{Cite web| url = https://vgmdb.net/album/5380| title = Mass Effect Original Soundtrack| date = November 13, 2007|lang=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.gamesindustry.biz/sumthing-else-music-works-announces-release-of-the-mass-effect-original-soundtrack-from-the-blockbuster-xbox-360r-video-game| title = Sumthing Else Music Works Announces Release Of The Mass Effect Original Soundtrack From The Blockbuster Xbox 360(R) Video Game| date = November 19, 2007|lang=en}}</ref>, ktory sodržal v sobě 37 kompozicij iz igry (obča dolgota 1 čas i 15 minut), a takože kompoziciju iz albuma {{-|[[M4 (muzikalny album)|M4]]}} kanadskoj {{-|[[indie-rock]]}} grupy {{-|[[Faunts (muzikalna grupa)|Faunts]]}}, ktora zvuči v igrě pri finalnyh titrah<ref name=":5" />. 13 novembra 2012-go lěta label {{-|[[FUNimation]]}} izdal album ''{{-|Mass Effect Paragon Lost Original Motion Picture Soundtrack}}'', s dolgotoju 1 čas i 9 minut, ktory sodržal v sobě 27 kompozicij iz [[anime]]-seriala {{-|[[Mass Effect: Paragon Lost]]}}<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/press-release/2012-11-08/mass-effect/paragon-lost-animated-film-score-composed-by-joshua-r-mosley-and-david-kates| title = Mass Effect: Paragon Lost Animated FIlm Score Composed by Joshua R. Mosley and David Kates| date = November 8, 2012|lang=en}}</ref>. {| class="wikitable" |+Spisok kompozicij iz {{-|Mass Effect}}<ref name=":5" /> !№ !Nazva !Avtori !Dolgost |- | align="center" |1 | align="left" |{{-|Mass Effect Theme}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |02:21:00 |- | align="center" |2 | align="left" |{{-|The Normandy}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:35:00 |- | align="center" |3 | align="left" |{{-|Eden Prime}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:34:00 |- | align="center" |4 | align="left" |{{-|Battle At Eden Prime}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:23:00 |- | align="center" |5 | align="left" |{{-|Saren}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |02:00:00 |- | align="center" |6 | align="left" |{{-|The Citadel}} | align="left" |{{-|Richard Jacques, Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:45:00 |- | align="center" |7 | align="left" |{{-|The Presidium}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:32:00 |- | align="center" |8 | align="left" |{{-|The Wards}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |03:14:00 |- | align="center" |9 | align="left" |{{-|Criminal Elements}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:56:00 |- | align="center" |10 | align="left" |{{-|Spectre Induction}} | align="left" |{{-|Richard Jacques, Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:55:00 |- | align="center" |11 | align="left" |{{-|Liara's World}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |02:35:00 |- | align="center" |12 | align="left" |{{-|A Very Dangerous Place}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |02:40:00 |- | align="center" |13 | align="left" |{{-|Feros}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:34:00 |- | align="center" |14 | align="left" |{{-|Protecting The Colony}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:56:00 |- | align="center" |15 | align="left" |{{-|The Thorian}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |03:12:00 |- | align="center" |16 | align="left" |{{-|Noveria}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |02:14:00 |- | align="center" |17 | align="left" |{{-|The Secret Labs}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |02:39:00 |- | align="center" |18 | align="left" |{{-|The Alien Queen}} | align="left" |{{-|Richard Jacques, Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:44:00 |- | align="center" |19 | align="left" |{{-|Fatal Confrontation}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:09:00 |- | align="center" |20 | align="left" |{{-|Saren's Base}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:37:00 |- | align="center" |21 | align="left" |{{-|Breeding Ground}} | align="left" |{{-|Richard Jacques, Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |03:47:00 |- | align="center" |22 | align="left" |{{-|Virmire Ride}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:41:00 |- | align="center" |23 | align="left" |{{-|Exit}} | align="left" |{{-|Richard Jacques, Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:54:00 |- | align="center" |24 | align="left" |{{-|Love Theme}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:54:00 |- | align="center" |25 | align="left" |{{-|Uncharted Worlds}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:16:00 |- | align="center" |26 | align="left" |{{-|Ilos}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:39:00 |- | align="center" |27 | align="left" |{{-|Vigil}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:44:00 |- | align="center" |28 | align="left" |{{-|Sovereign's Theme}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:19:00 |- | align="center" |29 | align="left" |{{-|Uplink}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:12:00 |- | align="center" |30 | align="left" |{{-|Battling Saren}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:38:00 |- | align="center" |31 | align="left" |{{-|In Pursuit Of Saren}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:37:00 |- | align="center" |32 | align="left" |{{-|Infusion}} | align="left" |{{-|Richard Jacques, Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:30:00 |- | align="center" |33 | align="left" |{{-|Final Assault}} | align="left" |{{-|Richard Jacques, Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |02:02:00 |- | align="center" |34 | align="left" |{{-|Victory}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |00:51:00 |- | align="center" |35 | align="left" |{{-|From The Wreckage}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:54:00 |- | align="center" |36 | align="left" |{{-|The End (Reprise)}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:10:00 |- | align="center" |37 | align="left" |{{-|M4 Part II (Faunts)}} | align="left" |{{-|Faunts}} | align="center" |08:18:00 |} == Anons i izdanje == {{Sistemne trěbovanja|useminandrec=1|platform1=Osobne kompjutery|os1={{-|[[Windows XP]]}} i {{-|[[Windows Vista]]}}|os1rec={{-|[[Windows XP]]}} i vyše|cpu1=2,4 {{-|GHz|ГГц}} {{-|[[Intel]]}} ili 2,0 {{-|GHz|ГГц}} {{-|[[AMD]]}}|cpu1rec=2,6 {{-|GHz|ГГц}} {{-|Intel}} ili 2,4 {{-|GHz|ГГц}} {{-|AMD}} i vyše|gpu1=|gpu1rec=|memory1=1 [[Gigabajt|Gb]] {{-|[[RAM]]}} ({{-|XP}})/2 Gb {{-|RAM}} ({{-|Vista}})|memory1rec=2 Gb {{-|RAM}} i vyše|hdspace1=12 Gb|hdspace1rec=12 Gb i vyše|media1=|media1rec=|display1={{-|[[Nvidia GeForce|Nvidia GeForce 6]]}} ({{-|6800GT}} ili lepje) ili / {{-|[[ATI Radeon]]}} {{-|1300XT}} s poddržkoj šajder-modely 3.0|display1rec={{-|[[GeForce]]}} 7900 {{-|GTX}} / {{-|[[ATI Radeon]]}} {{-|X1800 XL}} i vyše|network1=|network1rec=|sound1=Sumestima-kompatibilna s {{-|DirectX 9.0}} sumestima [[zvukova karta]]|sound1rec=Sumestima-kopmatibilna {{-|DirectX 9.0}} s i vyše sumestima [[zvukova karta]]|input1=|input1rec=}} Igra oficialno byla anonsovana je na {{-|[[Xbox show]]}} v [[Amsterdam|Amsterdamu]] 4 oktobra 2005-go lěta.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.ign.com/articles/2005/10/04/x05-mass-effect-eyes-on| title = X05: Mass Effect: Eyes-On| date = October 4, 2005| first = Charles| last = Onyett|lang=en}}</ref> V maju 2006-go lěta demonstracijna versija igry byla prědstavjena na {{-|[[Electronic Entertainment Expo]]}} i dobyla {{-|[[Game Critics Awards]]}} kak najlěpša roljeva igra.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.gamespot.com/articles/e3-06-mass-effect-impressions/1100-6150171/| title = E3 06: Mass Effect Impressions| date = May 11, 2006| first = Greg| last = Mueller|lang=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.ign.com/articles/2006/05/10/e3-2006-mass-effect-impressions| title = E3 2006: Mass Effect Impressions| date = May 10, 2006| first = Charles| last = Onyett|lang=en}}</ref> Novy gejmplej byl pokazan je v septembru 2006-go lěta na {{-|[[Xbox show]]}} v {{-|[[Barselona|Barseloně]]}}.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.gamesindustry.biz/microsoft-announces-x06| title = Microsoft Announces X06| date = June 22, 2006|lang=en}}</ref> V marcu 2007-go lěta gejmplej byl pokazan je cěly čas v [[San-Francisko]] na {{-|[[Game Developeres Conference]]}}.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.ign.com/articles/2007/03/07/gdc-2007-mass-effect-the-first-hour| title = GDC 2007: Mass Effect - The First Hour| date = March 7, 2007| first = Hilary| last = Goldstein| first2 = Erik| last2 = Brudvig|lang=en}}</ref> Povtorno igra byla pokazana na {{-|Electronic Entertainment Expo}} v juliju 2007-go lěta.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CItElYfc47g| title = Live from the Santa Monica Pier! Mass Effect Stage Demo| date = July 19, 2007|lang=en}}</ref> V avgustu 2007-go lěta byla pokazana na {{-|[[Games Convention]]}} v [[Leipzig|{{-|Leipzigu|Леjпцигу}}]].<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.gamesindustry.biz/critically-acclaimed-rpg-mass-effect-begins-epic-journey-on-23rd-november-2007| title = Critically-Acclaimed RPG "Mass Effect" Begins Epic Journey on 23rd November 2007| date = August 31, 2007|lang=en}}</ref> V izdanje igra šla 20 novembra 2007-go lěta.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://news.microsoft.com/source/2007/11/20/gamer-excitement-reaches-galactic-proportions-as-mass-effect-touches-down-today-on-retail-shelves-in-north-america/| title = Gamer Excitement Reaches Galactic Proportions as “Mass Effect” Touches Down Today on Retail Shelves in North America| date = November 20, 2007|lang=en}}</ref> == Recenzije == {| class="wikitable" | rowspan="2" align="center" |'''Izdanje''' | colspan="3" align="center" |'''Ocěnka''' |- | align="center" |'''{{-|[[Osobny kompjuter|PC]]}}''' | align="center" |'''{{-|[[PlayStation 3|PS3]]}}''' | align="center" |'''{{-|[[Xbox 360]]}}''' |- | align="left" |{{-|[[GameRankings]]}} | align="left" |89,70 %<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gamerankings.com/pc/944902-mass-effect/index.html|title=Mass Effect for PC|publisher={{-|[[GameRankings]]}}|access-date=2019-12-09|language=en|archive-date=2019-12-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191209015645/https://www.gamerankings.com/pc/944902-mass-effect/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> | align="left" |82,00 %<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gamerankings.com/ps3/689056-mass-effect/index.html|title=Mass Effect PlayStation 3|date=2016-10-05|publisher={{-|[[GameRankings]]}}|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121213034250/http://www.gamerankings.com/ps3/689056-mass-effect/index.html|archive-date=2012-12-13|lang=en}}</ref> | align="left" |91,24 %<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gamerankings.com/xbox360/930279-mass-effect/index.html|title=Mass Effect for Xbox 360|publisher={{-|[[GameRankings]]}}|access-date=2019-12-09|language=en|archive-date=2019-12-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191209013328/https://www.gamerankings.com/xbox360/930279-mass-effect/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[Metacritic]]}} | align="left" |89/100<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.metacritic.com/game/pc/mass-effect|title=Mass Effect (PC)|date=2012-04-24|publisher={{-|[[Metacritic]]}}|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100821111555/http://www.metacritic.com/game/pc/mass-effect|archive-date=2010-08-21|lang=en}}</ref> | align="left" |85/100<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.metacritic.com/game/playstation-3/mass-effect|title=Mass Effect (PlayStation 3)|date=2016-10-05|publisher={{-|[[Metacritic]]}}|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121118033542/http://www.metacritic.com/game/playstation-3/mass-effect|archive-date=2012-11-18|lang=en}}</ref> | align="left" |91/100<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.metacritic.com/game/xbox-360/mass-effect|title=Mass Effect (Xbox 360)|date=2012-04-24|publisher={{-|[[Metacritic]]}}|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100817013510/http://www.metacritic.com/game/xbox-360/mass-effect|archive-date=2010-08-17|lang=en}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[1UP.com]]}} | align="left" |A-<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.1up.com/reviews/mass-effect-review|title=Mass Effect PC Review |author=Thierry Nguyen |date=2008-06-17 |lang=en |work={{-|[[1UP.com]]}}|access-date=2012-04-25 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/68iFKqDnr?url=http://www.1up.com/reviews/mass-effect-review|archive-date=2012-06-26 }}</ref> | align="left" | - | align="left" |A<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.1up.com/reviews/mass-effect |title=Mass Effect (XBOX 360) |author=Jennifer Tsao|date=2007-11-19 |work={{-|[[1UP.com]}} |lang=en |access-date=2012-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120605212422/http://www.1up.com/reviews/mass-effect|archive-date=2012-06-05}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[Computer and Video Games|CVG]]}} | align="left" |9,2/10<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.computerandvideogames.com/190267/reviews/mass-effect-review/ |title=Mass Effect PC Review |lang=en |work={{-|[[Computer and Video Games]]}}|author=Ed Zitron|date=2008-06-04 |access-date=2012-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120312103314/http://www.computerandvideogames.com/190267/reviews/mass-effect-review/|archive-date=2012-03-12}}</ref> | align="left" | - | align="left" |9,0/10<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.computerandvideogames.com/175911/reviews/mass-effect-review/ |title=Mass Effect Xbox Review |lang=en |work={{-|[[Computer and Video Games]]}}|author=Alex Dale|date=2007-11-19 |access-date=2012-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110126035543/http://www.computerandvideogames.com/175911/reviews/mass-effect-review/|archive-date=2011-01-12}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[Edge (žurnal)|Edge]]}} | align="left" |7/10<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.edge-online.com/reviews/mass-effect-review|title=Mass Effect review |lang=en |work={{-|[[Future Publishing]]}}|date=2007-12-02|access-date=2012-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120301013356/http://www.edge-online.com/reviews/mass-effect-review|archive-date=2012-03-01}}</ref> | align="left" | - | align="left" | - |- | align="left" |{{-|[[Eurogamer]]}} | align="left" |8/10<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/mass-effect-review |title=Mass Effect Review |lang=en |work={{-|[[Eurogamer]]}}|author=Kristan Reed|date=2007-11-19|access-date=2012-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111204445/http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/mass-effect-review|archive-date=2009-01-11}}</ref> | align="left" | - | align="left" |8/10<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/mass-effect-review |title=Mass Effect Review |lang=en|work={{-|[[Eurogamer]]}}|author=Kristan Reed|access-date=2012-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111204445/http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/mass-effect-review|archive-date=2009-01-11}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[Game Informer]]}} | align="left" | - | align="left" | - | align="left" |9,75/10 |- | align="left" |{{-|[[GamePro]]}} | align="left" | - | align="left" | - | align="left" |4,75/5<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gamepro.com/article/reviews/148788/mass-effect-the-best-rpg-of-2007/ |title=GamePro review |lang=en |work={{-|[[Gamepro]]}} |author=Cameron Lewis|date=2007-11-19|access-date=2009-05-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080921213613/http://www.gamepro.com/article/reviews/148788/mass-effect-the-best-rpg-of-2007/|archive-date=2008-09-21}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[GameSpot]]}} | align="left" |9,0/10<ref>{{cite web|author=Chris Watters|url=http://www.gamespot.com/mass-effect/reviews/mass-effect-review-6191875/|title=Mass Effect Review for PC|lang=en|work={{-|[[GameSpot]]}}|date=2008-05-28|access-date=2012-04-25|archive-date=2012-05-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120501162723/http://www.gamespot.com/mass-effect/reviews/mass-effect-review-6191875/|url-status=live}}</ref> | align="left" | - | align="left" |8,5/10<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gamespot.com/mass-effect/reviews/mass-effect-review-6183119/|title=GameSpot review|lang=en|author=Kevin VanOrd|work={{-|[[GameSpot]]}}|access-date=2012-04-25|archive-date=2012-05-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120501004812/http://www.gamespot.com/mass-effect/reviews/mass-effect-review-6183119/|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[GameSpy]]}} | align="left" |5 zvězd | align="left" | - | align="left" |5 zvězd<ref>{{cite web|url=http://xbox360.gamespy.com/xbox-360/mass-effect/836239p1.html|title=Gamespy review |lang=en |work={{-|[[GameSpy]]}} |last=Villoria|first=Gerald |access-date=2009-05-25 }}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[GamesRadar (žurnal)|GamesRadar+]]}} | align="left" |9/10 | align="left" | - | align="left" |9/10<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gamesradar.com/mass-effect-12/ |title=Mass Effect review |lang=en |work={{-|[[GamesRadar (žurnal|GamesRadar]]}} |author=Eric Bratcher|access-date=2012-05-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121013070541/http://www.gamesradar.com/mass-effect-review/|archive-date=2012-10-13}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[GameTrailers]]}} | align="left" | - | align="left" | - | align="left" |9,6/10<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.gametrailers.com/gamereview.php?id=2211|title=Mass Effect |website={{-|[[GameTrailers]]}}|access-date=February 22, 2009|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090222082413/http://www.gametrailers.com/gamereview.php?id=2211 |archive-date=February 22, 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[IGN]]}} | align="left" |9,4/10<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2008/05/27/mass-effect-review |title=Mass Effect Review |website={{-|[[IGN]]}}|access-date=October 1, 2016 |author=Jason Ocampo |date=May 27, 2008 |lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140530035846/http://www.ign.com/articles/2008/05/27/mass-effect-review |archive-date=May 30, 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> | align="left" |9,0/10<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2012/12/10/mass-effect-ps3-review |title=Mass Effect PS3 Review |website={{-|[[IGN]]}}|access-date=October 2, 2016 |author=Colin Moriarty |date=December 10, 2012 |lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160129185655/http://www.ign.com/articles/2012/12/10/mass-effect-ps3-review |archive-date=January 29, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> | align="left" |9,4/10<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2007/11/19/mass-effect-review-2 |title=Mass Effect Review |website={{-|[[IGN]]}}|access-date=October 1, 2016 |author=Erik Brudvig |date=November 19, 2007 |lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160924220330/http://www.ign.com/articles/2007/11/19/mass-effect-review-2 |archive-date=September 24, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[Official Xbox Magazine]]}} | align="left" | - | align="left" | - | align="left" |10/10<ref>{{Cite magazine |url=http://www.oxmonline.com/mass-effect-review |title=Mass Effect review |magazine={{-|[[Official Xbox Magazine]]}}|author=Paul Curthoys |date=November 19, 2007 |access-date=October 6, 2011 |lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111006140039/http://www.oxmonline.com/mass-effect-review |archive-date=October 6, 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[X-Play]]}} | align="left" |5 zvězd | align="left" | - | align="left" |5 zvězd |- | align="left" |{{-|[[3DNews]]}} | align="left" |9,5/10 | align="left" | - | align="left" | - |- | align="left" |{{-|[[Absolute Games]]}} | align="left" |79 %<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ag.ru/games/mass-effect/review |title=Рецензия на Mass Effect |author=Nomad |date=2008-06-15 |access-date=2019-12-12 |lang=ru |work={{-|[[Absolute Games]]}}|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130101061931/https://ag.ru/games/mass-effect/review|archive-date=2013-01-01}}</ref> | align="left" | - | align="left" | - |- | align="left" |{{-|[[PlayGround.ru]]}} | align="left" |8,6/10<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.playground.ru/articles/21303/ |title=Mass Effect. Сны о чем-то большем |author=demigot |date=2008-06-26 |access-date=2012-04-24 |lang=ru |work={{-|[[PlayGround.ru|Playground]]}}|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200812202004/https://www.playground.ru/mass_effect/opinion/mass_effect_sny_o_chem_to_bolshem-421303|archive-date=2020-08-12}}</ref> | align="left" | - | align="left" | - |- | align="left" |{{-|[[Игромания (žurnal)|Игромания]]}} | align="left" |9,5/10<ref>{{Cite web |author=Курган, Георгий |title=Полные рецензии > Mass Effect |url=http://www.igromania.ru/articles/56443/Mass_Effect.htm |work={{-|[[Игромания (žurnal)|Игромания]]}} |year=2008|publisher={{-|Игромедиа}}|lang=ru |archive-date=2012-04-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120411071729/http://www.igromania.ru/articles/56443/Mass_Effect.htm }}</ref> | align="left" | - | align="left" | - |} == Prodolženje-sikvel == Tvorjenje vtoroj igry počelo se v početku 2008-go lěta. {{-|[[Mass Effect 2]]}} byla izdana je 26 januara 2010-go lěta<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.vg247.com/mass-effect-comfirmed-for-january-2010-release-with-preorder-bonus| title = Mass Effect 2 confirmed for January 2010 release with preorder bonus| date = October 16, 2009| first = Stephany| last = Nunneley-Jackson|lang=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.cnews.ru/news/line/mass_effect_2_data_vyhoda| title = Mass Effect 2. Дата выхода| date = October 17, 2009|lang=ru}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web| url = https://gamemag.ru/news/48799/mass-effect-2-stal-pervym-igrovym-blokbasterom-2010-goda| title = Mass Effect 2 стал первым игровым блокбастером 2010 года| date = February 3, 2010| first = Сергей| last = Дьяконенко|lang=ru}}</ref>. Na {{-|PlayStation 3}} igra byla izdana 18 januara 2011-go lěta<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2010/12/09/mass-effect-2-ps3-release-date|title=Mass Effect 2 PS3 Release Date|date=December 9, 2010|first=Jim|last=Reilly|lang=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blog.bioware.com/2010/12/15/mass-effect-2-on-playstation-3-podcast-and-gold-announcement/|title=Mass Effect 2 on Playstation 3 Podcast and Gold Announcement|date=December 15, 2010|first=Evil Chris|last=Priestly|lang=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.ea.com/press-releases/press-releases-details/2011/BioWares-Award-Winning-Mass-Effect-2-Makes-PlayStation-3-Debut-Today/default.aspx|date=January 18, 2011|title=BioWare’s Award-Winning Mass Effect 2 Makes PlayStation 3 Debut Today|lang=en}}</ref>. V {{-|Mass Effect 2}} možno importovati shranjenu igru iz {{-|Mass Effect}} — dejanja iz prvoj igry imajut vliv vo vtoroj<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2009/12/28/mass-effect-2-importing-requires-hard-drive|title=Mass Effect 2 Importing Requires Hard Drive|date=December 28, 2009|first=Jim|last=Reilly|lang=en}}</ref>. == Iztočniky == {{Iztočniky}} == Vnešne linky == * {{MobyGames|31277/mass-effect/}} [[Kategorija:Mass Effect]] [[Kategorija:Kompjuterne igry, ktore stvorila BioWare]] [[Kategorija:Kompjuterne igry, ktore izdala Electronic Arts]] [[Kategorija:Igry za Windows]] [[Kategorija:Igry za Xbox 360]] [[Kategorija:Igry na igromotoru Unreal Engine 3]] [[Kategorija:Igry za PlayStation 3]] [[Kategorija:Videoigry]] tkzaskvek2qyqqejva5naek8w58rk82 45576 45574 2026-08-12T13:30:33Z Chtabs 42 45576 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kartka kompjuterna igra |obložka= |nazva = {{-|Mass Effect}} |razrabotniki={{-|[[BioWare]]}} |izdatelji={{-|[[Microsoft Game Studios]]}}, {{-|[[Electronic Arts]]}} |serija={{-|[[Mass Effect]]}} |dataizdanja={{-|[[Xbox 360]]}}: [[Severna Amerika]]: 20 novembra 2007 [[Avstralija]]: 22 novembra 2007 [[Evropejsky sojuz]]: 23 novembra 2007 {{-|[[Microsoft Windows|Windows]]}}: [[Severna Amerika]]: 28 maja 2008 [[Avstralija]]: 5 junija 2008 [[Evropejsky sojuz]]: 6 junija 2008 {{-|[[PlayStation 3]]}}: [[Severna Amerika]]: 4 dekembra 2012 [[Evropejsky sojuz]]: 7 dekembra 2012 |žanr={{-|action role-playing}} |platformy={{-|[[Xbox 360]], [[Microsoft Windows]], [[PlayStation 3]]}} |igrovy motor={{-|[[Unreal Engine 3]]}}<ref>{{Cite web| url=https://www.unrealengine.com/blog/mass-effect| title=Critically Acclaimed Mass Effect Powered by Unreal Engine 3| date=November 20, 2007| first=John| last=Gaudiosi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.gamesradar.com/mass-effect-legendary-edition-uses-unreal-engine-3-for-good-reason-according-to-the-developers/ |title=Mass Effect: Legendary Edition uses Unreal Engine 3 for good reason according to the developers |website=GamesRadar+ |date=4 February 2021 |access-date=12 October 2022 |archive-date=6 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210206190428/https://www.gamesradar.com/mass-effect-legendary-edition-uses-unreal-engine-3-for-good-reason-according-to-the-developers/ |url-status=live }}</ref> |režim igry=jedin igrač |glava=[[Casey Hudson|Kejsi Hadson]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://akamai.cdn.ea.com/eadownloads/u/f/manuals/GAME-MASSEFFECT/Manuals.zip|type=zip|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250101115505/http://akamai.cdn.ea.com/eadownloads/u/f/manuals/GAME-MASSEFFECT/Manuals.zip|archive-date=2025-01-01|access-date=2026-08-12|ref= {{sfnref|Manual|2008}}|title= Mass Effect PC Manual|year=2008 }}</ref> |gejmdizajner=Preston Wataman{{-|iu|jу}}k{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=32}} |programist=David Falkner{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=32}}<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1073668/fullcredits/?ref_=tt_cst_sm#amzn1.imdb.concept.name_credit_category.a7c2d410-e513-4bd7-85d5-73060ec46a84 Mass Effect (Video Game 2007) - Full cast & crew | Additional Crew] na {{-|[[IMDb]]}}</ref> |hudožnik=Derek Watts{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=32}}<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1073668/fullcredits/?ref_=tt_cst_sm#amzn1.imdb.concept.name_credit_category.60a44752-af76-44f7-9de0-ec51aea2180d Mass Effect (Video Game 2007) - Full cast & crew | Art Director] na {{-|[[IMDb]]}}</ref> |kompozitori=[[Jack Wall|Džek Vol]],{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=32}}<ref name=":9" /> [[Sam Hulick|Sam Hulik]],{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=32}}<ref name=":9" /> [[Richard Jacques|Rišar Žak]],{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=32}}<ref name=":9" /> David {{-|Kates|Кеjтс}}{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=32}}<ref name=":9" />|jezyky interfejsa=[[Anglijsky jezyk|anglijsky]], [[Francuzsky jezyk|francuzsky]], [[Němečsky jezyk|němečsky]], [[Špansky jezyk|špansky]], [[Italijansky jezyk|italijansky]], [[Russky jezyk|russky]], [[Poljsky jezyk|poljsky]]}} '''''{{-|Mass Effect}}''''' ({{Jezyky|isv|Efekt masy}}) — [[kompjuterna igra]] v žanru {{-|action-role-play}}, ktoru stvorila studija {{-|[[BioWare]]}} i izdala {{-|[[Microsoft Game Studios]]}} v lětu 2007.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.ign.com/articles/2007/11/19/mass-effect-review-2| date = November 19, 2007| title = Mass Effect Review| first = Erik| last = Brudvig|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161005213517/http://www.ign.com/articles/2007/11/19/mass-effect-review-2|archive-date=2016-10-05}}</ref> Je prvoju čestju [[Mass Effect|serije {{-|Mass Effect}}]]. V 2007 leto igra prišla jedino toliko na {{-|[[Xbox 360]]}}.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web| url = http://xbox360.gamespy.com/xbox-360/mass-effect/836239p1.html| title = Mass Effect| date = November 19, 2007| first = Gerald| last = Villoria|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071120143528/http://xbox360.gamespy.com/xbox-360/mass-effect/836239p1.html|archive-date=2007-11-20}}</ref> V 2008 javila se versija igry na {{-|[[Microsoft Windows|Windows]]}},<ref name=":1">{{Cite web| url = http://pc.gamespy.com/pc/bioware-rpg/877353p1.html| title = BioWare's space opera comes to PC and is still one of the greatest role-playing games we've ever played.| date = May 28, 2008| first = Gerald| last = Villoria|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080531073014/http://pc.gamespy.com/pc/bioware-rpg/877353p1.html|archive-date=2008-05-31}}</ref> v 2012 prišla versija na {{-|[[PlayStation 3]]}}.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.ign.com/articles/2012/09/26/mass-effect-trilogy-set-announced| title = Mass Effect Trilogy Set Announced| date = September 26, 2012| first = Andrew| last = Goldfarb|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120926193158/http://www.ign.com/articles/2012/09/26/mass-effect-trilogy-set-announced|archive-date=2012-09-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.gamespot.com/articles/mass-effect-trilogy-comes-to-ps3-dec-4/1100-6399374/| title = Mass Effect Trilogy comes to PS3 Dec. 4| date = November 2, 2010| first = Eddie| last = Makuch|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107221336/https://www.gamespot.com/articles/mass-effect-trilogy-comes-to-ps3-dec-4/1100-6399374/|archive-date=2017-11-07}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web| url = https://blog.bioware.com/2012/11/01/ryan-warden-an-update-on-the-mass-effect-trilogy/| title = Ryan Warden: An Update on the Mass Effect Trilogy| date = November 1, 2012|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103041035/http://blog.bioware.com/2012/11/01/ryan-warden-an-update-on-the-mass-effect-trilogy/|archive-date=2012-11-03}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web| url = https://www.ign.com/articles/2012/11/30/reminder-mass-effect-comes-to-ps3-very-soon| title = Reminder: Mass Effect Comes to PS3 Very Soon| date = November 30, 2012| first = Colin| last = Moriarty|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121203054258/http://www.ign.com/articles/2012/11/30/reminder-mass-effect-comes-to-ps3-very-soon|archive-date=2012-12-03}}</ref> Sjužet igry govori o tom, že v 22-om stoletju [[člověčstvo]] spoznalo i naučilo se rabotati s tehnologijeju svrhsvětlovyh lětanij v [[Kosmos|kosmosu]] s pomočju nekakogo nulovogo elementa, ktory obnuloval masu-težinu (toj moment vpisan je v nazvanje igry). A takože v to stolětje ljudi zakontaktovali se s inoplanetnymi civilizacijami.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=6}} Glavny heroj ili herojinja (to izbiraje igrač) igry komander Šepard dobyvaje status Spektra — specialnogo soldata na služenju galaktičnoj rady-sověta Citadely, i so svojim odredom pošeti različne mesta i zvezdne sistemy galaktiky. V 2008 lětu za igru izdali dodatny kontent pod nazvoju ''{{-|Bring Down the Sky}}'',<ref name=":10">{{Cite web| url = http://pc.gamespy.com/pc/bioware-rpg/894639p1.html| title = Free Downloadable Content Now Available for Mass Effect PC| date = July 29, 2008|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080802190447/http://pc.gamespy.com/pc/bioware-rpg/894639p1.html|archive-date=2008-08-08}}</ref> v ktorom potrebno bylo spasati planetu Tera Nova od asteroida {{-|X57}} i teroristov.<ref name=":11">{{Cite web| url = https://www.ign.com/articles/2008/02/25/mass-effect-bring-down-the-sky-interview| title = Mass Effect: Bring Down the Sky Interview| date = February 25, 2008| first = Erik| last = Brudvig|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130216182140/http://www.ign.com/articles/2008/02/25/mass-effect-bring-down-the-sky-interview|archive-date=2013-02-16}}</ref> V 2009 lětu za igru izdali dodatny kontent pod nazvoju ''{{-|Pinnacle Station}}'', ktory dodaval nekoliko zadanij, a takože možnost dobyti v nagradu apartamenty.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.eurogamer.net/me-pinnacle-station-dlc-detailed| title = New Mass Effect DLC detailed| date = August 24, 2009| first = Robert| last = Purchese|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128113544/https://www.eurogamer.net/me-pinnacle-station-dlc-detailed|archive-date=2022-11-28}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite web| url = https://gamemag.ru/news/44026/mass-effect-dopolnenie-pinnacle-station-dostupno-v-xbox-live| title = Mass Effect: Дополнение "Pinnacle Station" доступно в Xbox Live| date = August 24, 2009| last = livesaifer|lang=ru|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260731230912/https://gamemag.ru/news/44026/mass-effect-dopolnenie-pinnacle-station-dostupno-v-xbox-live|archive-date=2026-07-31}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.gamespot.com/articles/new-mass-effect-dlc-avatar-items-now-available/1100-6216123/| title = New Mass Effect DLC, avatar items now available. UPDATE Microsoft releases Pinnacle Station, a 13-mission, two-to-three-hour add-on to the popular Xbox 360 role-playing game; Mass Effect outfits hit Marketplace en masse.| date = August 25, 2009| first = Tor| last = Thorsen|lang=en}}</ref><ref name=":13">{{Cite web| url = https://www.ign.com/articles/2009/08/25/mass-effect-pinnacle-station-review| title = Mass Effect: Pinnacle Station Review| date = August 25, 2009| first = Erik| last = Brudvig|lang=en}}</ref> Dalje byli izdane igry {{-|[[Mass Effect 2]]}} v 2010 lětu i {{-|[[Mass Effect 3]]}} v 2012,<ref name=":4" /> ktore stvorili trilogiju o komanderu Šepardu. V 2021 leto igra byla obnovjena v svezku izdanja {{-|[[Mass Effect: Legendary Edition]]}}.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://news.ea.com/press-releases/press-releases-details/2021/Relive-the-Award-Winning-Space-Opera-in-Mass-Effect-Legendary-Edition-on-May-14/default.aspx| title = Relive the Award-Winning Space Opera in Mass Effect Legendary Edition on May 14| date = February 2, 2021|lang=en}}</ref> == Gejmplej == ''{{-|Mass Effect}} '' — je igra v žanru {{-|action-rpg}} za jednogo igrača, v ktoroj igrač upravjaje komanderom Šepardom ({{Jezyky|en|Commander Shepard}}) s pogledom od tretjego lica. Pred početkom igry potrebno izbrati ime igrača (ktoro na igrovy svet ne vlijaje), pol, izgled, jedin iz nekoliko variantov predhistorije, igrovy klas-specialnost. {{sfn|Manual|2008|p=7-9}} Za izbor dostupne sut 6 klasov. Každy klas imaje svoju specialnost v oružju i sposobnostah.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=8}} Igrač i učestniki odreda mogut orudovati vsakym oružjem, ale efektivnost togo zavisi od klasa i parametrov každogo.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=8}} Na kosmičnom korabu igrača dostupna je karta galaktiky, s pomočju ktoroj igrač može premeščati se po svetu. V galaktikě sut grupy-skupiny zvezd, v ktoryh sut zvezdne sistemy, v ktoryh už sut planety i kosmične stancije. Za premeščenije medžu grupami zvezd potrebno upotrebjati retranslatory masy ({{Jezyky|en|Mass-Relay}}).{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=14-15}} Kosmičny korab igrača imaje nazvu "Normandija" ({{Jezyky|en|Normandy SR-1}}) — to je esperimentalny korab, ktory stvorili naučniki Aliansa sistem ({{Jezyky|en|Systems Alliance}}) v koperacije s turianskymi ({{Jezyky|en|turians}}) specialistami. Toj korab upotrebjaje se igračem za putovanje medžu planetami i zvezdami s pomočju interaktivnoj karty. Na korabu irač može govoriti s ljudami-služebnikami koraba (medikami, inženjerami) i učestnikami svojego odreda. Na planetah i stancijah igrač izpolnjaje zadanja-operacije, kvesty i vzajemodejstvuje s {{-|NPC}}.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=10-11}} Po završenju-koncu zadanij igrač dobyvaje specialne pointy, ktore dozvoljajut razvivati sposobnosti, dobyvaje predmety za inventar. Inventar imaje razmer v 150 elementov-predmetov. Nepotrebne predmety možno prodati, utilizirovati v omni-gel, ktory je potreben za otkrytje zamkov i remonta vsekdehoda "Mako".{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=22}} Vsekdehod "Mako" možno upotrebjati na planetah za preměščenje na velike distancije i strěljbu po neprijateljam. Takože vsekdehod je pomočen na nektoryh zlyh planetah, na ktoryh okolična pogoda jest škodliva dlja odreda.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=26}} A na kosmičnyh stancijah i planetah možno kupiti različne predmety kako oružje, bronju i dodatne ulepšenja. === Bojeva sistema === Boji idut v realnom času. Igrač upravjaje Šepardom od tretjego lica. V odredu igrača takože je jedino dva personaža, ktorymi upravjaje kompjuter i ktorym može davati komandy igrač, naprimer: atakovati neprijatelja, zajeti ukrytje i tako dalje.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=16-17}} V čas boja igrač može otkryti taktično menju, ktoro stopuje igru i v ktorom možno smeniti oružje, ukazati koju sposobnost upotrebiti (kako Šepardu tako i učestnikam odreda). Každa sposobnost imaje svoju meru-vreme za obnovjene posle každogo upotrebjenja.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=16-17}} Oružje igrača ne trebuje naboja, jednako dost silna streljba može pregreti oružje i nektoro vreme nemožno bude streljati. To trebuje delati pauzu medžu streljanjem. V igrě sut 4 tipov oružja: pistolety, pompovky, vintovky, snajperske ružja i granaty.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=18-19}} Bronja takože različna: legka, sredna, težka. Vsaka bronja imaje različne specializacije i sposobnosti. Takože može byti ograničenje v zavisnosti od klasa igrača ili učestnika odreda. Takože je razlika medžu civilizacijami: ljudi i azari ({{Jezyky|en|asari}}) mogut nositi jednu bronju, turianci imajut svoju bronju, krogani ({{Jezyky|en|krogans}}) svoju.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=20-21}} Akoli gibnut učestniki odreda, to ih možno lečiti s pomočju medi-gela, akoli gibne igrač, to treba restartovati igru od poslednego shranjenja. === Dialogova sistema === Igrač izbiraje varianty za odgovor s pomočju dialogovogo kolesa ({{Jezyky|en|dialogue wheel}}).{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=10-11}} Obyčajno, ale ne vsegda, v pravoj vrhnoj straně sut rečenja heroja-paragona, a v pravoj nižnej-dolnoj straně sut rečenja odstupnika-renegata. Rečenja heroja sut sinjego cveta-kolora, a odstupnika-renegata črvenogo. V levoj straně kolesa sut varianty rečenja, ktore mogut zapytati nekojego {{-|NPC}} o predmetě govorenja. Herojske-paragonske rečenja dodajut igraču pointy heroja, a odstupničske-renegatske dajut pointy renegata. Te pointy dajut nove varianty dejanij v različne momenty igry. Te varianty mogut dati dodatnu informaciju, izbegti boja, spasti nekojego.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=24}} == Sjužet == === Igrovy svet === Dejanje tutoj igry ide v [[Mlěčny put|Mlěčnom putu]] v 22 stoletju. Človečstvo spoznalo letanja v kosmosu s pomočju nulevogo elementa i mas-retranslatorov ({{Jezyky|en|mass relays}}). Retranslatory směnšajut masu-težinu korabov do nula i s pomočju togo koraby kako by teleportujut se{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=6}}. Krome človečstva v galaktikě sut množstva drugyh inoplanetnyh civilizacij, nektora čest kojih stvorila specialny Sovět na kosmičnoj stanciji Citadel. Osnovne civilizacije sut azari ({{Jezyky|en|asari}}), turianci ({{Jezyky|en|turians}}) i salarianci ({{Jezyky|en|salarians}})<ref>{{-|[[BioWare]]}}. {{-|Mass Effect}} (2007). Igrovy Kodeks: "Inoplanetjani: Rasy v Sovetě Citadely" ({{Jezyky|en|Aliens: Council Races}}).</ref>. Nektore civilizacije sut prědstavjene na Citadelě s pomočju ambasad: volusi ({{Jezyky|en|voluses}}), hanari ({{Jezyky|en|hanars}}), elkori ({{Jezyky|en|elcors}}), a takože ljudi<ref>{{-|[[BioWare]]}}. {{-|Mass Effect}} (2007). Igrovy Kodeks: "Inoplanetjani: Rasy ne v Sovetě Citadely" ({{Jezyky|en|Aliens: Non-Council Races}}).</ref>. Takože sut nektore civilizacije, ktore živut vne Citadelskogo prostora: krogani ({{Jezyky|en|krogans}}), batarianci ({{Jezyky|en|batarians}}), kvarianci ({{Jezyky|en|quarians}}). Vse životne civilizacije v igrě imajut nazvu ''organične'', a robotove civilizacije, kako gety ({{Jezyky|en|geths}}) i Žnecy ({{Jezyky|en|Reapers}}) ''sintetične''. Člověčstvo prvy raz strětilo se s inymi civilizacijami (turiancami) v 2149 lětu i ta strěča počela se kako vojna, ktora skoro završila se. Ljudi izšli v novy sektor kosmosa s pomočju retranslatora, ale zakon Citadele ne dozvoljaje aktivirovati nerazvedane retranslatory; zamesto govorenja turianci izničtožili prve koraby ljudij i to dejanje stalo pričinoju vojny.<ref name=":17">[[BioWare]]. {{-|Mass Effect}} (2007). Igrovy Kodeks: "Človečstvo i Alians Sistem" ({{Jezyky|en|Humanity and the Systems Alliance}}).</ref> Potom človečstvo dobylo svoje město v galaktičnom sociumu posle nektoryh drugyh dejanij<ref name=":17" />. Na moment početka igry komander Šepard potreben byl stati prvym človekom Spektrom. Spektri sut specialni ljudi, u kojih administracija je Sovět Citadele<ref>{{-|[[BioWare]]}}. {{-|Mass Effect}} (2007). Igrovy Kodeks: "Citadel i Galaktičska vlada" ({{Jezyky|en|Citadel and Galactic Government}}).</ref>. === Personaži === ==== Šepard ==== Glavny personaž igry je komander Šepard ({{Jezyky|en|Shepard}}). V zavisnosti od igrača Šepard može byti žena ili muž. Standardno mužsko ime je Džon ({{Jezyky|en|John}}), a žensko Džejn ({{Jezyky|en|Jane}}). Prědhistorija Šeparda takože izbiraje se igračem: {| class="wikitable" |+Varianty biografije Šeparda{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=7-9}} ! colspan="2" |Do armije |- |Kolonist ({{Jezyky|en|colonist}}) |Dětinstvo Šeparda bylo na kolonije Mindoir. Koloniju atakovali sut piraty-rabotrgovci i ubili jegovyh roditeljev. Šeparda vzeli k sobe dozorny patrol Aliansa. Kogda Šepardu stalo 18 let, on pošel v armiju Aliansa. |- |Rodženi na Zemji ({{Jezyky|en|Earthborn}}) |Šepard byl sirota i jegovo dětinstvo prošlo v uličnyh bandah. Kogda Šepardu stalo 18 let, on pošel v armiju. |- |Kosmičnik ({{Jezyky|en|Spacer}}) |Roditelji Šeparda sut vojskovi ljudi. Vse dětinstvo Šepard byl na kosmičnyh korabah. Potom zapisal se v armiju Aliansa. |- ! colspan="2" |V čas služenja v armije |- |Heroj vojny ({{Jezyky|en|War Hero}}) |V čas služenja na člověčskoj koloniji Elizium ({{Jezyky|en|Elysium}}) bojeval protiv piratov, kojih bylo mnogo, odbivši ataku. |- |Izživši ({{Jezyky|en|Sole Survivor}}) |Na planetě Akuza ({{Jezyky|en|Akuze}}) odred Šeparda byl atakovan velikym inoplanetnym životnym i byl cělo izničtoženy. Ostal jedino Šepard. |- |Ljuty ({{Jezyky|en|Ruthless}}) |Na planetě Torfan ({{Jezyky|en|Torfan}}) Šepard izgubil 3/4 svojego odreda, ale izpolnil zadanje, a takože izničil vsih neprijatelskyh piratov-batariancev. |} Mužsky glas Šeparda dal aktor {{-|[[Mark Meer]]}}<ref name=":18">[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1073668/fullcredits/?ref_=tt_cst_sm#amzn1.imdb.concept.name_credit_group.7caf7d16-5db9-4f4f-8864-d4c6e711c686 Mass Effect (Video Game 2007) - Full cast] na [[IMDb]]</ref>. Žensky glas Šeparda dala aktrisa {{-|[[Jennifer Hale]]}}<ref name=":18" />. ==== Ekipa Normandije ==== ===== Džef Džoker Moro ===== Džef Džoker Moro ({{Jezyky|en|Jeff Joker Moreau}}) — je profesionalny pilot Normandije. Imaje veliku problemu s kostami, one sut slabe. Glas jemu dal aktor {{-|[[Seth Benjamin Gesshel Green]]}}<ref>[https://www.mobygames.com/person/266203/seth-b-green/credits/ Seth B. Green - Video Game Credits - MobyGames], "Mass Effect (2007, Xbox 360) Jeff “Joker” Moreau"</ref><ref name=":18" />. ===== Greg Adams ===== Greg Adams ({{Jezyky|en|Greg Adams}}) — je glavny inženjer Normandije. On rabotaje v inženjernoj sekciji koraba. Glas jemu dal aktor {{-|[[Roger Labon Jackson]]}}<ref>[https://www.mobygames.com/person/1179/roger-labon-jackson/credits/ Roger Labon Jackson - Video Game Credits - MobyGames], "Mass Effect (2007, Xbox 360) Additional Voices"</ref><ref name=":18" />. ===== Karin Čakvas ===== Karin Čakvas ({{Jezyky|en|Karin Chakwas}}) — je glavna doktorka Normandije. Glas jej dala aktrisa {{-|[[Carolyn Seymour]]}}<ref>[https://www.mobygames.com/person/17150/carolyn-seymour/credits/ Carolyn Seymour - Video Game Credits - MobyGames], "Mass Effect (2007, Xbox 360) Additional Voices"</ref><ref name=":18" />. ==== Osnovne učestniki odreda ==== ===== Ričard Dženkins ===== Ričard Dženkins ({{Jezyky|en|Richard L. Jenkins}}) — soldat Aliansa. Imaje klas i sposobnosti soldata. Jegovo ime i historija v igrě imaje svez s mem-personažem Lirojem Dženkinsom. Glas jemu dal aktor {{-|[[George Joshua Christian Dean]]}}<ref>[https://www.mobygames.com/person/122414/josh-dean/credits/ Josh  Dean - Video Game Credits - MobyGames], "Mass Effect (2007, Xbox 360) Additional Voices"</ref><ref name=":18" />. ===== Kajdan Alenko ===== Kajdan Alenko ({{Jezyky|en|Kaidan Alenko}}) — lejtenant-poručnik, a takože biotik. Kako igrovy personaž imaje sposobnosti-specializaciju biotika. On je vozmožny romantičsky interes Šeparda-ženy. Glas jemu dal aktor {{-|[[Raphael Sbarge]]}}<ref>[https://www.mobygames.com/person/9258/raphael-sbarge/credits/ Raphael Sbarge - Video Game Credits - MobyGames], "Mass Effect (Xbox 360) Kaidan Alenko"</ref><ref name=":18" />. ===== Ešli Viljams ===== Ešli Viljams ({{Jezyky|en|Ashley Medelin Williams}}) — kosmična pěhotnica Aliansa. Igrač strěčaje ju v prvoj misiji igry. Ona je možnym romantičskym interesom Šeparda-muža. Glas jej dala aktrisa {{-|[[Kimberly Brooks]]}}<ref name=":18" />. ===== Urdnot Reks ===== Urdnot Reks ({{Jezyky|en|Urdnot Wrex}}) — krogan-biotik. Šepard strěčaje jego na Citadeli. Reks imaje praktično obče celji s Šepardom i ide pomogati jemu. Glas jemu dal aktor {{-|[[Steven Barr]]}}<ref name=":18" />. ===== Liara T'Soni ===== Liara T'Soni ({{Jezyky|en|Liara T’Soni}}) — je azarijska naučnica, a takože biotička, koja zajmaje se ksenoarheologijeju. Šepard strěčaje ju v jednoj iz misij igry, po ktoroj ona ide pomogati jemu. Ona je možnym romantičskym interesom za Šepardov obohdvoh polov. Glas jej dala aktrisa {{-|[[Ali Hillis]]}}<ref name=":18" />. ===== Garus Vakarian ===== Garus Vakarian ({{Jezyky|en|Garrus Vakarian}}) — je turianec, ktori rabotaje v službe bezpečnosti Citadele. Posle něktoryh činov od strany administracije služby bezpečnosti Citadele on odhodi odovud i prisjedinjaje se k odredu Šeparda, daby pomogti jemu. Glas jemu dal aktor {{-|[[Brandon James Keener]]}}<ref name=":18" />. ===== Tali Zora ===== Tali Zora ({{Jezyky|en|Tali'Zorah}}) — je kvarianka-tehnička, ktora byla atakovana v čas svojego putovanja něktorymi osobami. Ona imaje něktore silne dokazy o dělah, ktore sut svezany s cěljem raboty Šeparda. Glas jej dala aktrisa {{-|[[Ash Sroka]]}}<ref name=":18" />. ==== Antagonisti ==== ===== Saren Arterius ===== Saren Arterius ({{Jezyky|en|Saren Arterius}}) — je turianec-Spektr, ktory skooperiroval se s getami zaradi někakyh svojih cěljev i jest jedin iz glavnyh antagonistov igry. Glas jemu dal aktor {{-|[[Fred Tatasciore]]}}<ref name=":18" />. == Dodatne epizody ({{-|DLC}}) == Dlja ''{{-|Mass Effect}}'' je bylo izdano 2 {{-|DLC}}: ''{{-|Bring Down the Sky}}'' v marcu 2008 lěta, ''{{-|Pinnacle Station}}'' v avgustu 2009 lěta. V 2012 leto {{-|DLC}} ''{{-|Bring Down the Sky}}'' bylo izdano za {{-|[[PlayStation 3]]}}<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" />, ale ''{{-|Pinnacle Station}}'' izdan ne byl. {| class="wikitable" style="width: 100%;" |- style="text-align: center;" ! rowspan="2" style="width:40%;" |Nazva ! colspan="3" |Data izdanja |- ! style="width:20%;" |{{-|Xbox 360}} ! style="width:20%;" |{{-|Microsoft Windows}} ! style="width:20%;" |{{-|PlayStation 3}} |- | colspan="4" bgcolor="#e6e9ff" | |- align="center" bgcolor="#f2f2f2" | * {{Jezyky|en|Bring Down the Sky}} * {{Jezyky|de|Kollisionskurs}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.eurogamer.de/mass-effect-x57-dlc-kollisionskurs|title=Mass Effect: X57 DLC: Kollisionskurs|date=2008|first=Benjamin|last=Jakobs|lang=de}}</ref><ref name=":14">[https://www.mobygames.com/game/58908/mass-effect/credits/ps3/ MobyGames | Mass Effect Credits Bring Down the Sky: Keywords International Ltd.] </ref> * {{Jezyky|pl|Bring Down the Sky}}<ref name=":14" /> * {{Jezyky|fr|Turbulences à 900 000 Pieds}}<ref name=":14" /><ref>[https://www.gamekult.com/jeux/mass-effect-turbulences-a-900-000-pieds-3010006267.html www.gamekult.com - Mass Effect : Turbulences à 900.000 pieds]</ref> * {{Jezyky|ru|Гибель с небес}}<ref>[https://piper.old-games.ru/project/snowball_ru/www.snowball.ru/me/ Snowball Studios | Mass Effect: Золотое издание] </ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=December 30, 2008 |title="Mass Effect: Гибель с небес". Качаем |url=https://www.cnews.ru/news/line/mass_effect_gibel_s_nebes_kachaem |url-status=live|language=ru}}</ref> * {{Jezyky|it|Impatto imminente}}<ref name=":14" /><ref>[https://www.xbox.com/it-IT/games/store/impatto-imminente-en/BVTTSL5Q7D24 <nowiki>Xbox.com | Impatto imminente [EN]</nowiki>]</ref> |20 marca 2008 lěta |28 maja 2008 lěta<ref name=":10" /> |4 dekembra 2012 lěta<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ixbt.games/news/ps3-versiya-mass-effect-trilogy-v-dekabre.html|title=PS3-версия Mass Effect Trilogy в декабре|date=November 2, 2012|lang=ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2012/12/10/mass-effect-ps3-review|title=Mass Effect PS3 Review|date=December 10, 2012|first=Colin|last=Moriarty|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121212174118/http://www.ign.com/articles/2012/12/10/mass-effect-ps3-review|archive-date=December 12, 2012|lang=en}}</ref> |- | colspan="4" style="border: none; vertical-align: top;" | V {{-|DLC}} jedno zadanje, v ktorom piraty-batarianci ({{Jezyky|en|batarians}}) hčut skydnuti asteroid {{-|X57}} na planetu Tera Nova ({{Jezyky|en|Terra Nova}})<ref name=":11" />. |- | colspan="4" bgcolor="#e6e9ff" | |- align="center" bgcolor="#f2f2f2" |{{Jezyky|en|Pinnacle Station}} |25 avgusta 2009 lěta<ref name=":12" /> |25 avgusta 2009 lěta |nema |- | colspan="4" style="border: none; vertical-align: top;" | To vtoro {{-|DLC}} dodaje trenovačnu kosmičnu stanciju. Jejny komandir je admiral Ahern ({{Jezyky|en|Tadius Ahern}}). Igrač može trenovati se na stancije v simulatoru, ktory imaje 12 scenarijev i bonusny scenarij, ktory simuliruje jedin boj iz Vojny Prvogo Kontakta ({{Jezyky|en|First Contact War}}). Akoli završiti bonusny scenarij, igrač dobyvaje v dar apartamenty na planetě Intajsej ({{Jezyky|en|Intai'sei}}), v ktoryh igrač može kupiti redke predmety za dost malu cenu, ktora je vo mnogo raz niže, neželi v magazinah<ref name=":13" />. |} == Muzika == Muzikalne kompozicije stvorjal [[Jack Wall|Džek Vol]]{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=32}}<ref name=":9">[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1073668/fullcredits/?ref_=tt_cst_sm#amzn1.imdb.concept.name_credit_category.00f5faa0-5f76-4eb5-87a1-ec8d484d1779 Mass Effect (Video Game 2007) - Full cast & crew | Composers] na {{-|[[IMDb]]}}</ref>, ktory do ''{{-|Mass Effect}}'' stvoril saundtrek dlja igry {{-|[[Jade Empire]]}} 2005-go lěta i ktoru takože stvorila {{-|[[BioWare]]}}<ref>[https://www.discogs.com/master/698381-Jack-Wall-Jade-Empire-Original-Video-Game-Soundtrack Jack Wall - Jade Empire (Original Video Game Soundtrack)] na [[Discogs]]</ref><ref>[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0455965/fullcredits/?ref_=tt_cst_sm#amzn1.imdb.concept.name_credit_category.00f5faa0-5f76-4eb5-87a1-ec8d484d1779 Jade Empire (Video Game 2005) - Full cast & crow | Composer] na {{-|[[IMDb]]}}</ref>. 20 novembra 2007-go lěta label {{-|[[Sumthing Else]]}} izdal album ''{{-|Mass Effect Original Game Soundtrack}}''<ref name=":5">{{Cite web| url = https://vgmdb.net/album/5380| title = Mass Effect Original Soundtrack| date = November 13, 2007|lang=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.gamesindustry.biz/sumthing-else-music-works-announces-release-of-the-mass-effect-original-soundtrack-from-the-blockbuster-xbox-360r-video-game| title = Sumthing Else Music Works Announces Release Of The Mass Effect Original Soundtrack From The Blockbuster Xbox 360(R) Video Game| date = November 19, 2007|lang=en}}</ref>, ktory sodržal v sobě 37 kompozicij iz igry (obča dolgota 1 čas i 15 minut), a takože kompoziciju iz albuma {{-|[[M4 (muzikalny album)|M4]]}} kanadskoj {{-|[[indie-rock]]}} grupy {{-|[[Faunts (muzikalna grupa)|Faunts]]}}, ktora zvuči v igrě pri finalnyh titrah<ref name=":5" />. 13 novembra 2012-go lěta label {{-|[[FUNimation]]}} izdal album ''{{-|Mass Effect Paragon Lost Original Motion Picture Soundtrack}}'', s dolgotoju 1 čas i 9 minut, ktory sodržal v sobě 27 kompozicij iz [[anime]]-seriala {{-|[[Mass Effect: Paragon Lost]]}}<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/press-release/2012-11-08/mass-effect/paragon-lost-animated-film-score-composed-by-joshua-r-mosley-and-david-kates| title = Mass Effect: Paragon Lost Animated FIlm Score Composed by Joshua R. Mosley and David Kates| date = November 8, 2012|lang=en}}</ref>. {| class="wikitable" |+Spisok kompozicij iz {{-|Mass Effect}}<ref name=":5" /> !№ !Nazva !Avtori !Dolgost |- | align="center" |1 | align="left" |{{-|Mass Effect Theme}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |02:21:00 |- | align="center" |2 | align="left" |{{-|The Normandy}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:35:00 |- | align="center" |3 | align="left" |{{-|Eden Prime}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:34:00 |- | align="center" |4 | align="left" |{{-|Battle At Eden Prime}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:23:00 |- | align="center" |5 | align="left" |{{-|Saren}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |02:00:00 |- | align="center" |6 | align="left" |{{-|The Citadel}} | align="left" |{{-|Richard Jacques, Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:45:00 |- | align="center" |7 | align="left" |{{-|The Presidium}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:32:00 |- | align="center" |8 | align="left" |{{-|The Wards}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |03:14:00 |- | align="center" |9 | align="left" |{{-|Criminal Elements}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:56:00 |- | align="center" |10 | align="left" |{{-|Spectre Induction}} | align="left" |{{-|Richard Jacques, Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:55:00 |- | align="center" |11 | align="left" |{{-|Liara's World}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |02:35:00 |- | align="center" |12 | align="left" |{{-|A Very Dangerous Place}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |02:40:00 |- | align="center" |13 | align="left" |{{-|Feros}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:34:00 |- | align="center" |14 | align="left" |{{-|Protecting The Colony}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:56:00 |- | align="center" |15 | align="left" |{{-|The Thorian}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |03:12:00 |- | align="center" |16 | align="left" |{{-|Noveria}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |02:14:00 |- | align="center" |17 | align="left" |{{-|The Secret Labs}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |02:39:00 |- | align="center" |18 | align="left" |{{-|The Alien Queen}} | align="left" |{{-|Richard Jacques, Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:44:00 |- | align="center" |19 | align="left" |{{-|Fatal Confrontation}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:09:00 |- | align="center" |20 | align="left" |{{-|Saren's Base}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:37:00 |- | align="center" |21 | align="left" |{{-|Breeding Ground}} | align="left" |{{-|Richard Jacques, Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |03:47:00 |- | align="center" |22 | align="left" |{{-|Virmire Ride}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:41:00 |- | align="center" |23 | align="left" |{{-|Exit}} | align="left" |{{-|Richard Jacques, Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:54:00 |- | align="center" |24 | align="left" |{{-|Love Theme}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:54:00 |- | align="center" |25 | align="left" |{{-|Uncharted Worlds}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:16:00 |- | align="center" |26 | align="left" |{{-|Ilos}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:39:00 |- | align="center" |27 | align="left" |{{-|Vigil}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:44:00 |- | align="center" |28 | align="left" |{{-|Sovereign's Theme}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:19:00 |- | align="center" |29 | align="left" |{{-|Uplink}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:12:00 |- | align="center" |30 | align="left" |{{-|Battling Saren}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:38:00 |- | align="center" |31 | align="left" |{{-|In Pursuit Of Saren}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:37:00 |- | align="center" |32 | align="left" |{{-|Infusion}} | align="left" |{{-|Richard Jacques, Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:30:00 |- | align="center" |33 | align="left" |{{-|Final Assault}} | align="left" |{{-|Richard Jacques, Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |02:02:00 |- | align="center" |34 | align="left" |{{-|Victory}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |00:51:00 |- | align="center" |35 | align="left" |{{-|From The Wreckage}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:54:00 |- | align="center" |36 | align="left" |{{-|The End (Reprise)}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:10:00 |- | align="center" |37 | align="left" |{{-|M4 Part II (Faunts)}} | align="left" |{{-|Faunts}} | align="center" |08:18:00 |} == Anons i izdanje == {{Sistemne trěbovanja|useminandrec=1|platform1=Osobne kompjutery|os1={{-|[[Windows XP]]}} i {{-|[[Windows Vista]]}}|os1rec={{-|[[Windows XP]]}} i vyše|cpu1=2,4 {{-|GHz|ГГц}} {{-|[[Intel]]}} ili 2,0 {{-|GHz|ГГц}} {{-|[[AMD]]}}|cpu1rec=2,6 {{-|GHz|ГГц}} {{-|Intel}} ili 2,4 {{-|GHz|ГГц}} {{-|AMD}} i vyše|gpu1=|gpu1rec=|memory1=1 [[Gigabajt|Gb]] {{-|[[RAM]]}} ({{-|XP}})/2 Gb {{-|RAM}} ({{-|Vista}})|memory1rec=2 Gb {{-|RAM}} i vyše|hdspace1=12 Gb|hdspace1rec=12 Gb i vyše|media1=|media1rec=|display1={{-|[[Nvidia GeForce|Nvidia GeForce 6]]}} ({{-|6800GT}} ili lepje) ili / {{-|[[ATI Radeon]]}} {{-|1300XT}} s poddržkoj šajder-modely 3.0|display1rec={{-|[[GeForce]]}} 7900 {{-|GTX}} / {{-|[[ATI Radeon]]}} {{-|X1800 XL}} i vyše|network1=|network1rec=|sound1=Sumestima-kompatibilna s {{-|DirectX 9.0}} sumestima [[zvukova karta]]|sound1rec=Sumestima-kopmatibilna {{-|DirectX 9.0}} s i vyše sumestima [[zvukova karta]]|input1=|input1rec=}} Igra oficialno byla anonsovana je na {{-|[[Xbox show]]}} v [[Amsterdam|Amsterdamu]] 4 oktobra 2005-go lěta.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.ign.com/articles/2005/10/04/x05-mass-effect-eyes-on| title = X05: Mass Effect: Eyes-On| date = October 4, 2005| first = Charles| last = Onyett|lang=en}}</ref> V maju 2006-go lěta demonstracijna versija igry byla prědstavjena na {{-|[[Electronic Entertainment Expo]]}} i dobyla {{-|[[Game Critics Awards]]}} kak najlěpša roljeva igra.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.gamespot.com/articles/e3-06-mass-effect-impressions/1100-6150171/| title = E3 06: Mass Effect Impressions| date = May 11, 2006| first = Greg| last = Mueller|lang=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.ign.com/articles/2006/05/10/e3-2006-mass-effect-impressions| title = E3 2006: Mass Effect Impressions| date = May 10, 2006| first = Charles| last = Onyett|lang=en}}</ref> Novy gejmplej byl pokazan je v septembru 2006-go lěta na {{-|[[Xbox show]]}} v {{-|[[Barselona|Barseloně]]}}.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.gamesindustry.biz/microsoft-announces-x06| title = Microsoft Announces X06| date = June 22, 2006|lang=en}}</ref> V marcu 2007-go lěta gejmplej byl pokazan je cěly čas v [[San-Francisko]] na {{-|[[Game Developeres Conference]]}}.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.ign.com/articles/2007/03/07/gdc-2007-mass-effect-the-first-hour| title = GDC 2007: Mass Effect - The First Hour| date = March 7, 2007| first = Hilary| last = Goldstein| first2 = Erik| last2 = Brudvig|lang=en}}</ref> Povtorno igra byla pokazana na {{-|Electronic Entertainment Expo}} v juliju 2007-go lěta.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CItElYfc47g| title = Live from the Santa Monica Pier! Mass Effect Stage Demo| date = July 19, 2007|lang=en}}</ref> V avgustu 2007-go lěta byla pokazana na {{-|[[Games Convention]]}} v [[Leipzig|{{-|Leipzigu|Леjпцигу}}]].<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.gamesindustry.biz/critically-acclaimed-rpg-mass-effect-begins-epic-journey-on-23rd-november-2007| title = Critically-Acclaimed RPG "Mass Effect" Begins Epic Journey on 23rd November 2007| date = August 31, 2007|lang=en}}</ref> V izdanje igra šla 20 novembra 2007-go lěta.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://news.microsoft.com/source/2007/11/20/gamer-excitement-reaches-galactic-proportions-as-mass-effect-touches-down-today-on-retail-shelves-in-north-america/| title = Gamer Excitement Reaches Galactic Proportions as “Mass Effect” Touches Down Today on Retail Shelves in North America| date = November 20, 2007|lang=en}}</ref> == Recenzije == {| class="wikitable" | rowspan="2" align="center" |'''Izdanje''' | colspan="3" align="center" |'''Ocěnka''' |- | align="center" |'''{{-|[[Osobny kompjuter|PC]]}}''' | align="center" |'''{{-|[[PlayStation 3|PS3]]}}''' | align="center" |'''{{-|[[Xbox 360]]}}''' |- | align="left" |{{-|[[GameRankings]]}} | align="left" |89,70 %<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gamerankings.com/pc/944902-mass-effect/index.html|title=Mass Effect for PC|publisher={{-|[[GameRankings]]}}|access-date=2019-12-09|language=en|archive-date=2019-12-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191209015645/https://www.gamerankings.com/pc/944902-mass-effect/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> | align="left" |82,00 %<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gamerankings.com/ps3/689056-mass-effect/index.html|title=Mass Effect PlayStation 3|date=2016-10-05|publisher={{-|[[GameRankings]]}}|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121213034250/http://www.gamerankings.com/ps3/689056-mass-effect/index.html|archive-date=2012-12-13|lang=en}}</ref> | align="left" |91,24 %<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gamerankings.com/xbox360/930279-mass-effect/index.html|title=Mass Effect for Xbox 360|publisher={{-|[[GameRankings]]}}|access-date=2019-12-09|language=en|archive-date=2019-12-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191209013328/https://www.gamerankings.com/xbox360/930279-mass-effect/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[Metacritic]]}} | align="left" |89/100<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.metacritic.com/game/pc/mass-effect|title=Mass Effect (PC)|date=2012-04-24|publisher={{-|[[Metacritic]]}}|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100821111555/http://www.metacritic.com/game/pc/mass-effect|archive-date=2010-08-21|lang=en}}</ref> | align="left" |85/100<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.metacritic.com/game/playstation-3/mass-effect|title=Mass Effect (PlayStation 3)|date=2016-10-05|publisher={{-|[[Metacritic]]}}|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121118033542/http://www.metacritic.com/game/playstation-3/mass-effect|archive-date=2012-11-18|lang=en}}</ref> | align="left" |91/100<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.metacritic.com/game/xbox-360/mass-effect|title=Mass Effect (Xbox 360)|date=2012-04-24|publisher={{-|[[Metacritic]]}}|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100817013510/http://www.metacritic.com/game/xbox-360/mass-effect|archive-date=2010-08-17|lang=en}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[1UP.com]]}} | align="left" |A-<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.1up.com/reviews/mass-effect-review|title=Mass Effect PC Review |author=Thierry Nguyen |date=2008-06-17 |lang=en |work={{-|[[1UP.com]]}}|access-date=2012-04-25 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/68iFKqDnr?url=http://www.1up.com/reviews/mass-effect-review|archive-date=2012-06-26 }}</ref> | align="left" | - | align="left" |A<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.1up.com/reviews/mass-effect |title=Mass Effect (XBOX 360) |author=Jennifer Tsao|date=2007-11-19 |work={{-|[[1UP.com]}} |lang=en |access-date=2012-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120605212422/http://www.1up.com/reviews/mass-effect|archive-date=2012-06-05}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[Computer and Video Games|CVG]]}} | align="left" |9,2/10<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.computerandvideogames.com/190267/reviews/mass-effect-review/ |title=Mass Effect PC Review |lang=en |work={{-|[[Computer and Video Games]]}}|author=Ed Zitron|date=2008-06-04 |access-date=2012-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120312103314/http://www.computerandvideogames.com/190267/reviews/mass-effect-review/|archive-date=2012-03-12}}</ref> | align="left" | - | align="left" |9,0/10<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.computerandvideogames.com/175911/reviews/mass-effect-review/ |title=Mass Effect Xbox Review |lang=en |work={{-|[[Computer and Video Games]]}}|author=Alex Dale|date=2007-11-19 |access-date=2012-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110126035543/http://www.computerandvideogames.com/175911/reviews/mass-effect-review/|archive-date=2011-01-12}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[Edge (žurnal)|Edge]]}} | align="left" |7/10<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.edge-online.com/reviews/mass-effect-review|title=Mass Effect review |lang=en |work={{-|[[Future Publishing]]}}|date=2007-12-02|access-date=2012-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120301013356/http://www.edge-online.com/reviews/mass-effect-review|archive-date=2012-03-01}}</ref> | align="left" | - | align="left" | - |- | align="left" |{{-|[[Eurogamer]]}} | align="left" |8/10<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/mass-effect-review |title=Mass Effect Review |lang=en |work={{-|[[Eurogamer]]}}|author=Kristan Reed|date=2007-11-19|access-date=2012-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111204445/http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/mass-effect-review|archive-date=2009-01-11}}</ref> | align="left" | - | align="left" |8/10<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/mass-effect-review |title=Mass Effect Review |lang=en|work={{-|[[Eurogamer]]}}|author=Kristan Reed|access-date=2012-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111204445/http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/mass-effect-review|archive-date=2009-01-11}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[Game Informer]]}} | align="left" | - | align="left" | - | align="left" |9,75/10<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Andrew Reiner|title=Mass EFfect|work={{-|[[Game Informer]]}}|issue=175|page=151|date=November 2007}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[GamePro]]}} | align="left" | - | align="left" | - | align="left" |4,75/5<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gamepro.com/article/reviews/148788/mass-effect-the-best-rpg-of-2007/ |title=GamePro review |lang=en |work={{-|[[Gamepro]]}} |author=Cameron Lewis|date=2007-11-19|access-date=2009-05-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080921213613/http://www.gamepro.com/article/reviews/148788/mass-effect-the-best-rpg-of-2007/|archive-date=2008-09-21}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[GameSpot]]}} | align="left" |9,0/10<ref>{{cite web|author=Chris Watters|url=http://www.gamespot.com/mass-effect/reviews/mass-effect-review-6191875/|title=Mass Effect Review for PC|lang=en|work={{-|[[GameSpot]]}}|date=2008-05-28|access-date=2012-04-25|archive-date=2012-05-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120501162723/http://www.gamespot.com/mass-effect/reviews/mass-effect-review-6191875/|url-status=live}}</ref> | align="left" | - | align="left" |8,5/10<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gamespot.com/mass-effect/reviews/mass-effect-review-6183119/|title=GameSpot review|lang=en|author=Kevin VanOrd|work={{-|[[GameSpot]]}}|access-date=2012-04-25|archive-date=2012-05-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120501004812/http://www.gamespot.com/mass-effect/reviews/mass-effect-review-6183119/|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[GameSpy]]}} | align="left" |5 zvězd<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pc.gamespy.com/pc/bioware-rpg/877353p1.html|title=GameSpy: Mass Effect||lang=en|work={{-|[[GameSpy]]}}|last=Villoria|first=Gerald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080531073014/http://pc.gamespy.com/pc/bioware-rpg/877353p1.html|archide-date=2008-05-31}}</ref> | align="left" | - | align="left" |5 zvězd<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://xbox360.gamespy.com/xbox-360/mass-effect/836239p1.html|title=Gamespy review |lang=en |work={{-|[[GameSpy]]}}|last=Villoria|first=Gerald |access-date=2009-05-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071120143528/http://xbox360.gamespy.com/xbox-360/mass-effect/836239p1.html|archive-date=2007-11-20}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[GamesRadar (žurnal)|GamesRadar+]]}} | align="left" |9/10 | align="left" | - | align="left" |9/10<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gamesradar.com/mass-effect-12/ |title=Mass Effect review |lang=en |work={{-|[[GamesRadar (žurnal|GamesRadar]]}} |author=Eric Bratcher|access-date=2012-05-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121013070541/http://www.gamesradar.com/mass-effect-review/|archive-date=2012-10-13}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[GameTrailers]]}} | align="left" | - | align="left" | - | align="left" |9,6/10<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.gametrailers.com/gamereview.php?id=2211|title=Mass Effect |website={{-|[[GameTrailers]]}}|access-date=February 22, 2009|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090222082413/http://www.gametrailers.com/gamereview.php?id=2211 |archive-date=February 22, 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[IGN]]}} | align="left" |9,4/10<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2008/05/27/mass-effect-review |title=Mass Effect Review |website={{-|[[IGN]]}}|access-date=October 1, 2016 |author=Jason Ocampo |date=May 27, 2008 |lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140530035846/http://www.ign.com/articles/2008/05/27/mass-effect-review |archive-date=May 30, 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> | align="left" |9,0/10<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2012/12/10/mass-effect-ps3-review |title=Mass Effect PS3 Review |website={{-|[[IGN]]}}|access-date=October 2, 2016 |author=Colin Moriarty |date=December 10, 2012 |lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160129185655/http://www.ign.com/articles/2012/12/10/mass-effect-ps3-review |archive-date=January 29, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> | align="left" |9,4/10<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2007/11/19/mass-effect-review-2 |title=Mass Effect Review |website={{-|[[IGN]]}}|access-date=October 1, 2016 |author=Erik Brudvig |date=November 19, 2007 |lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160924220330/http://www.ign.com/articles/2007/11/19/mass-effect-review-2 |archive-date=September 24, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[Official Xbox Magazine]]}} | align="left" | - | align="left" | - | align="left" |10/10<ref>{{Cite magazine |url=http://www.oxmonline.com/mass-effect-review |title=Mass Effect review |magazine={{-|[[Official Xbox Magazine]]}}|author=Paul Curthoys |date=November 19, 2007 |access-date=October 6, 2011 |lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111006140039/http://www.oxmonline.com/mass-effect-review |archive-date=October 6, 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[3DNews]]}} | align="left" |9,5/10<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.3dnews.ru/games/mass_effect/|title=Mass Effect — покорители вселенной|author=Сапрыкин, Геннадий|date=2008-06-07|access-date=2012-04-24|lang=ru|work={{-|[[3DNews]]}}|archive-date=2012-03-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120307111127/http://www.3dnews.ru/games/mass_effect|url-status=live}}</ref> | align="left" | - | align="left" | - |- | align="left" |{{-|[[Absolute Games]]}} | align="left" |79 %<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ag.ru/games/mass-effect/review |title=Рецензия на Mass Effect |author=Nomad |date=2008-06-15 |access-date=2019-12-12 |lang=ru |work={{-|[[Absolute Games]]}}|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130101061931/https://ag.ru/games/mass-effect/review|archive-date=2013-01-01}}</ref> | align="left" | - | align="left" | - |- | align="left" |{{-|[[PlayGround.ru]]}} | align="left" |8,6/10<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.playground.ru/articles/21303/ |title=Mass Effect. Сны о чем-то большем |author=demigot |date=2008-06-26 |access-date=2012-04-24 |lang=ru |work={{-|[[PlayGround.ru|Playground]]}}|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200812202004/https://www.playground.ru/mass_effect/opinion/mass_effect_sny_o_chem_to_bolshem-421303|archive-date=2020-08-12}}</ref> | align="left" | - | align="left" | - |- | align="left" |{{-|[[Игромания (žurnal)|Игромания]]}} | align="left" |9,5/10<ref>{{Cite web |author=Курган, Георгий |title=Полные рецензии > Mass Effect |url=http://www.igromania.ru/articles/56443/Mass_Effect.htm |work={{-|[[Игромания (žurnal)|Игромания]]}} |year=2008|publisher={{-|Игромедиа}}|lang=ru |archive-date=2012-04-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120411071729/http://www.igromania.ru/articles/56443/Mass_Effect.htm }}</ref> | align="left" | - | align="left" | - |} == Prodolženje-sikvel == Tvorjenje vtoroj igry počelo se v početku 2008-go lěta. {{-|[[Mass Effect 2]]}} byla izdana je 26 januara 2010-go lěta<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.vg247.com/mass-effect-comfirmed-for-january-2010-release-with-preorder-bonus| title = Mass Effect 2 confirmed for January 2010 release with preorder bonus| date = October 16, 2009| first = Stephany| last = Nunneley-Jackson|lang=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.cnews.ru/news/line/mass_effect_2_data_vyhoda| title = Mass Effect 2. Дата выхода| date = October 17, 2009|lang=ru}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web| url = https://gamemag.ru/news/48799/mass-effect-2-stal-pervym-igrovym-blokbasterom-2010-goda| title = Mass Effect 2 стал первым игровым блокбастером 2010 года| date = February 3, 2010| first = Сергей| last = Дьяконенко|lang=ru}}</ref>. Na {{-|PlayStation 3}} igra byla izdana 18 januara 2011-go lěta<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2010/12/09/mass-effect-2-ps3-release-date|title=Mass Effect 2 PS3 Release Date|date=December 9, 2010|first=Jim|last=Reilly|lang=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blog.bioware.com/2010/12/15/mass-effect-2-on-playstation-3-podcast-and-gold-announcement/|title=Mass Effect 2 on Playstation 3 Podcast and Gold Announcement|date=December 15, 2010|first=Evil Chris|last=Priestly|lang=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.ea.com/press-releases/press-releases-details/2011/BioWares-Award-Winning-Mass-Effect-2-Makes-PlayStation-3-Debut-Today/default.aspx|date=January 18, 2011|title=BioWare’s Award-Winning Mass Effect 2 Makes PlayStation 3 Debut Today|lang=en}}</ref>. V {{-|Mass Effect 2}} možno importovati shranjenu igru iz {{-|Mass Effect}} — dejanja iz prvoj igry imajut vliv vo vtoroj<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2009/12/28/mass-effect-2-importing-requires-hard-drive|title=Mass Effect 2 Importing Requires Hard Drive|date=December 28, 2009|first=Jim|last=Reilly|lang=en}}</ref>. == Iztočniky == {{Iztočniky}} == Vnešne linky == * {{MobyGames|31277/mass-effect/}} [[Kategorija:Mass Effect]] [[Kategorija:Kompjuterne igry, ktore stvorila BioWare]] [[Kategorija:Kompjuterne igry, ktore izdala Electronic Arts]] [[Kategorija:Igry za Windows]] [[Kategorija:Igry za Xbox 360]] [[Kategorija:Igry na igromotoru Unreal Engine 3]] [[Kategorija:Igry za PlayStation 3]] [[Kategorija:Videoigry]] gn4knozilon94nb2rw1kjyb6vdlb1j6 45577 45576 2026-08-12T13:38:05Z Chtabs 42 45577 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kartka kompjuterna igra |obložka= |nazva = {{-|Mass Effect}} |razrabotniki={{-|[[BioWare]]}} |izdatelji={{-|[[Microsoft Game Studios]]}}, {{-|[[Electronic Arts]]}} |serija={{-|[[Mass Effect]]}} |dataizdanja={{-|[[Xbox 360]]}}: [[Severna Amerika]]: 20 novembra 2007 [[Avstralija]]: 22 novembra 2007 [[Evropejsky sojuz]]: 23 novembra 2007 {{-|[[Microsoft Windows|Windows]]}}: [[Severna Amerika]]: 28 maja 2008 [[Avstralija]]: 5 junija 2008 [[Evropejsky sojuz]]: 6 junija 2008 {{-|[[PlayStation 3]]}}: [[Severna Amerika]]: 4 dekembra 2012 [[Evropejsky sojuz]]: 7 dekembra 2012 |žanr={{-|action role-playing}} |platformy={{-|[[Xbox 360]], [[Microsoft Windows]], [[PlayStation 3]]}} |igrovy motor={{-|[[Unreal Engine 3]]}}<ref>{{Cite web| url=https://www.unrealengine.com/blog/mass-effect| title=Critically Acclaimed Mass Effect Powered by Unreal Engine 3| date=November 20, 2007| first=John| last=Gaudiosi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.gamesradar.com/mass-effect-legendary-edition-uses-unreal-engine-3-for-good-reason-according-to-the-developers/ |title=Mass Effect: Legendary Edition uses Unreal Engine 3 for good reason according to the developers |website=GamesRadar+ |date=4 February 2021 |access-date=12 October 2022 |archive-date=6 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210206190428/https://www.gamesradar.com/mass-effect-legendary-edition-uses-unreal-engine-3-for-good-reason-according-to-the-developers/ |url-status=live }}</ref> |režim igry=jedin igrač |glava=[[Casey Hudson|Kejsi Hadson]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://akamai.cdn.ea.com/eadownloads/u/f/manuals/GAME-MASSEFFECT/Manuals.zip|type=zip|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250101115505/http://akamai.cdn.ea.com/eadownloads/u/f/manuals/GAME-MASSEFFECT/Manuals.zip|archive-date=2025-01-01|access-date=2026-08-12|ref= {{sfnref|Manual|2008}}|title= Mass Effect PC Manual|year=2008 }}</ref> |gejmdizajner=Preston Wataman{{-|iu|jу}}k{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=32}} |programist=David Falkner{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=32}}<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1073668/fullcredits/?ref_=tt_cst_sm#amzn1.imdb.concept.name_credit_category.a7c2d410-e513-4bd7-85d5-73060ec46a84 Mass Effect (Video Game 2007) - Full cast & crew | Additional Crew] na {{-|[[IMDb]]}}</ref> |hudožnik=Derek Watts{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=32}}<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1073668/fullcredits/?ref_=tt_cst_sm#amzn1.imdb.concept.name_credit_category.60a44752-af76-44f7-9de0-ec51aea2180d Mass Effect (Video Game 2007) - Full cast & crew | Art Director] na {{-|[[IMDb]]}}</ref> |kompozitori=[[Jack Wall|Džek Vol]],{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=32}}<ref name=":9" /> [[Sam Hulick|Sam Hulik]],{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=32}}<ref name=":9" /> [[Richard Jacques|Rišar Žak]],{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=32}}<ref name=":9" /> David {{-|Kates|Кеjтс}}{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=32}}<ref name=":9" />|jezyky interfejsa=[[Anglijsky jezyk|anglijsky]], [[Francuzsky jezyk|francuzsky]], [[Němečsky jezyk|němečsky]], [[Špansky jezyk|špansky]], [[Italijansky jezyk|italijansky]], [[Russky jezyk|russky]], [[Poljsky jezyk|poljsky]]}} '''''{{-|Mass Effect}}''''' ({{Jezyky|isv|Efekt masy}}) — [[kompjuterna igra]] v žanru {{-|action-role-play}}, ktoru stvorila studija {{-|[[BioWare]]}} i izdala {{-|[[Microsoft Game Studios]]}} v lětu 2007.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.ign.com/articles/2007/11/19/mass-effect-review-2| date = November 19, 2007| title = Mass Effect Review| first = Erik| last = Brudvig|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161005213517/http://www.ign.com/articles/2007/11/19/mass-effect-review-2|archive-date=2016-10-05}}</ref> Je prvoju čestju [[Mass Effect|serije {{-|Mass Effect}}]]. V 2007 leto igra prišla jedino toliko na {{-|[[Xbox 360]]}}.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web| url = http://xbox360.gamespy.com/xbox-360/mass-effect/836239p1.html| title = Mass Effect| date = November 19, 2007| first = Gerald| last = Villoria|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071120143528/http://xbox360.gamespy.com/xbox-360/mass-effect/836239p1.html|archive-date=2007-11-20}}</ref> V 2008 javila se versija igry na {{-|[[Microsoft Windows|Windows]]}},<ref name=":1">{{Cite web| url = http://pc.gamespy.com/pc/bioware-rpg/877353p1.html| title = BioWare's space opera comes to PC and is still one of the greatest role-playing games we've ever played.| date = May 28, 2008| first = Gerald| last = Villoria|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080531073014/http://pc.gamespy.com/pc/bioware-rpg/877353p1.html|archive-date=2008-05-31}}</ref> v 2012 prišla versija na {{-|[[PlayStation 3]]}}.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.ign.com/articles/2012/09/26/mass-effect-trilogy-set-announced| title = Mass Effect Trilogy Set Announced| date = September 26, 2012| first = Andrew| last = Goldfarb|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120926193158/http://www.ign.com/articles/2012/09/26/mass-effect-trilogy-set-announced|archive-date=2012-09-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.gamespot.com/articles/mass-effect-trilogy-comes-to-ps3-dec-4/1100-6399374/| title = Mass Effect Trilogy comes to PS3 Dec. 4| date = November 2, 2010| first = Eddie| last = Makuch|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107221336/https://www.gamespot.com/articles/mass-effect-trilogy-comes-to-ps3-dec-4/1100-6399374/|archive-date=2017-11-07}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web| url = https://blog.bioware.com/2012/11/01/ryan-warden-an-update-on-the-mass-effect-trilogy/| title = Ryan Warden: An Update on the Mass Effect Trilogy| date = November 1, 2012|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103041035/http://blog.bioware.com/2012/11/01/ryan-warden-an-update-on-the-mass-effect-trilogy/|archive-date=2012-11-03}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web| url = https://www.ign.com/articles/2012/11/30/reminder-mass-effect-comes-to-ps3-very-soon| title = Reminder: Mass Effect Comes to PS3 Very Soon| date = November 30, 2012| first = Colin| last = Moriarty|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121203054258/http://www.ign.com/articles/2012/11/30/reminder-mass-effect-comes-to-ps3-very-soon|archive-date=2012-12-03}}</ref> Sjužet igry govori o tom, že v 22-om stoletju [[člověčstvo]] spoznalo i naučilo se rabotati s tehnologijeju svrhsvětlovyh lětanij v [[Kosmos|kosmosu]] s pomočju nekakogo nulovogo elementa, ktory obnuloval masu-težinu (toj moment vpisan je v nazvanje igry). A takože v to stolětje ljudi zakontaktovali se s inoplanetnymi civilizacijami.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=6}} Glavny heroj ili herojinja (to izbiraje igrač) igry komander Šepard dobyvaje status Spektra — specialnogo soldata na služenju galaktičnoj rady-sověta Citadely, i so svojim odredom pošeti različne mesta i zvezdne sistemy galaktiky. V 2008 lětu za igru izdali dodatny kontent pod nazvoju ''{{-|Bring Down the Sky}}'',<ref name=":10">{{Cite web| url = http://pc.gamespy.com/pc/bioware-rpg/894639p1.html| title = Free Downloadable Content Now Available for Mass Effect PC| date = July 29, 2008|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080802190447/http://pc.gamespy.com/pc/bioware-rpg/894639p1.html|archive-date=2008-08-08}}</ref> v ktorom potrebno bylo spasati planetu Tera Nova od asteroida {{-|X57}} i teroristov.<ref name=":11">{{Cite web| url = https://www.ign.com/articles/2008/02/25/mass-effect-bring-down-the-sky-interview| title = Mass Effect: Bring Down the Sky Interview| date = February 25, 2008| first = Erik| last = Brudvig|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130216182140/http://www.ign.com/articles/2008/02/25/mass-effect-bring-down-the-sky-interview|archive-date=2013-02-16}}</ref> V 2009 lětu za igru izdali dodatny kontent pod nazvoju ''{{-|Pinnacle Station}}'', ktory dodaval nekoliko zadanij, a takože možnost dobyti v nagradu apartamenty.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.eurogamer.net/me-pinnacle-station-dlc-detailed| title = New Mass Effect DLC detailed| date = August 24, 2009| first = Robert| last = Purchese|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128113544/https://www.eurogamer.net/me-pinnacle-station-dlc-detailed|archive-date=2022-11-28}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite web| url = https://gamemag.ru/news/44026/mass-effect-dopolnenie-pinnacle-station-dostupno-v-xbox-live| title = Mass Effect: Дополнение "Pinnacle Station" доступно в Xbox Live| date = August 24, 2009| last = livesaifer|lang=ru|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260731230912/https://gamemag.ru/news/44026/mass-effect-dopolnenie-pinnacle-station-dostupno-v-xbox-live|archive-date=2026-07-31}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.gamespot.com/articles/new-mass-effect-dlc-avatar-items-now-available/1100-6216123/| title = New Mass Effect DLC, avatar items now available. UPDATE Microsoft releases Pinnacle Station, a 13-mission, two-to-three-hour add-on to the popular Xbox 360 role-playing game; Mass Effect outfits hit Marketplace en masse.| date = August 25, 2009| first = Tor| last = Thorsen|lang=en}}</ref><ref name=":13">{{Cite web| url = https://www.ign.com/articles/2009/08/25/mass-effect-pinnacle-station-review| title = Mass Effect: Pinnacle Station Review| date = August 25, 2009| first = Erik| last = Brudvig|lang=en}}</ref> Dalje byli izdane igry {{-|[[Mass Effect 2]]}} v 2010 lětu i {{-|[[Mass Effect 3]]}} v 2012,<ref name=":4" /> ktore stvorili trilogiju o komanderu Šepardu. V 2021 leto igra byla obnovjena v svezku izdanja {{-|[[Mass Effect: Legendary Edition]]}}.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://news.ea.com/press-releases/press-releases-details/2021/Relive-the-Award-Winning-Space-Opera-in-Mass-Effect-Legendary-Edition-on-May-14/default.aspx| title = Relive the Award-Winning Space Opera in Mass Effect Legendary Edition on May 14| date = February 2, 2021|lang=en}}</ref> == Gejmplej == ''{{-|Mass Effect}} '' — je igra v žanru {{-|action-rpg}} za jednogo igrača, v ktoroj igrač upravjaje komanderom Šepardom ({{Jezyky|en|Commander Shepard}}) s pogledom od tretjego lica. Pred početkom igry potrebno izbrati ime igrača (ktoro na igrovy svet ne vlijaje), pol, izgled, jedin iz nekoliko variantov predhistorije, igrovy klas-specialnost. {{sfn|Manual|2008|p=7-9}} Za izbor dostupne sut 6 klasov. Každy klas imaje svoju specialnost v oružju i sposobnostah.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=8}} Igrač i učestniki odreda mogut orudovati vsakym oružjem, ale efektivnost togo zavisi od klasa i parametrov každogo.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=8}} Na kosmičnom korabu igrača dostupna je karta galaktiky, s pomočju ktoroj igrač može premeščati se po svetu. V galaktikě sut grupy-skupiny zvezd, v ktoryh sut zvezdne sistemy, v ktoryh už sut planety i kosmične stancije. Za premeščenije medžu grupami zvezd potrebno upotrebjati retranslatory masy ({{Jezyky|en|Mass-Relay}}).{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=14-15}} Kosmičny korab igrača imaje nazvu "Normandija" ({{Jezyky|en|Normandy SR-1}}) — to je esperimentalny korab, ktory stvorili naučniki Aliansa sistem ({{Jezyky|en|Systems Alliance}}) v koperacije s turianskymi ({{Jezyky|en|turians}}) specialistami. Toj korab upotrebjaje se igračem za putovanje medžu planetami i zvezdami s pomočju interaktivnoj karty. Na korabu irač može govoriti s ljudami-služebnikami koraba (medikami, inženjerami) i učestnikami svojego odreda. Na planetah i stancijah igrač izpolnjaje zadanja-operacije, kvesty i vzajemodejstvuje s {{-|NPC}}.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=10-11}} Po završenju-koncu zadanij igrač dobyvaje specialne pointy, ktore dozvoljajut razvivati sposobnosti, dobyvaje predmety za inventar. Inventar imaje razmer v 150 elementov-predmetov. Nepotrebne predmety možno prodati, utilizirovati v omni-gel, ktory je potreben za otkrytje zamkov i remonta vsekdehoda "Mako".{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=22}} Vsekdehod "Mako" možno upotrebjati na planetah za preměščenje na velike distancije i strěljbu po neprijateljam. Takože vsekdehod je pomočen na nektoryh zlyh planetah, na ktoryh okolična pogoda jest škodliva dlja odreda.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=26}} A na kosmičnyh stancijah i planetah možno kupiti različne predmety kako oružje, bronju i dodatne ulepšenja. === Bojeva sistema === Boji idut v realnom času. Igrač upravjaje Šepardom od tretjego lica. V odredu igrača takože je jedino dva personaža, ktorymi upravjaje kompjuter i ktorym može davati komandy igrač, naprimer: atakovati neprijatelja, zajeti ukrytje i tako dalje.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=16-17}} V čas boja igrač može otkryti taktično menju, ktoro stopuje igru i v ktorom možno smeniti oružje, ukazati koju sposobnost upotrebiti (kako Šepardu tako i učestnikam odreda). Každa sposobnost imaje svoju meru-vreme za obnovjene posle každogo upotrebjenja.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=16-17}} Oružje igrača ne trebuje naboja, jednako dost silna streljba može pregreti oružje i nektoro vreme nemožno bude streljati. To trebuje delati pauzu medžu streljanjem. V igrě sut 4 tipov oružja: pistolety, pompovky, vintovky, snajperske ružja i granaty.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=18-19}} Bronja takože različna: legka, sredna, težka. Vsaka bronja imaje različne specializacije i sposobnosti. Takože može byti ograničenje v zavisnosti od klasa igrača ili učestnika odreda. Takože je razlika medžu civilizacijami: ljudi i azari ({{Jezyky|en|asari}}) mogut nositi jednu bronju, turianci imajut svoju bronju, krogani ({{Jezyky|en|krogans}}) svoju.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=20-21}} Akoli gibnut učestniki odreda, to ih možno lečiti s pomočju medi-gela, akoli gibne igrač, to treba restartovati igru od poslednego shranjenja. === Dialogova sistema === Igrač izbiraje varianty za odgovor s pomočju dialogovogo kolesa ({{Jezyky|en|dialogue wheel}}).{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=10-11}} Obyčajno, ale ne vsegda, v pravoj vrhnoj straně sut rečenja heroja-paragona, a v pravoj nižnej-dolnoj straně sut rečenja odstupnika-renegata. Rečenja heroja sut sinjego cveta-kolora, a odstupnika-renegata črvenogo. V levoj straně kolesa sut varianty rečenja, ktore mogut zapytati nekojego {{-|NPC}} o predmetě govorenja. Herojske-paragonske rečenja dodajut igraču pointy heroja, a odstupničske-renegatske dajut pointy renegata. Te pointy dajut nove varianty dejanij v različne momenty igry. Te varianty mogut dati dodatnu informaciju, izbegti boja, spasti nekojego.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=24}} == Sjužet == === Igrovy svet === Dejanje tutoj igry ide v [[Mlěčny put|Mlěčnom putu]] v 22 stoletju. Človečstvo spoznalo letanja v kosmosu s pomočju nulevogo elementa i mas-retranslatorov ({{Jezyky|en|mass relays}}). Retranslatory směnšajut masu-težinu korabov do nula i s pomočju togo koraby kako by teleportujut se{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=6}}. Krome človečstva v galaktikě sut množstva drugyh inoplanetnyh civilizacij, nektora čest kojih stvorila specialny Sovět na kosmičnoj stanciji Citadel. Osnovne civilizacije sut azari ({{Jezyky|en|asari}}), turianci ({{Jezyky|en|turians}}) i salarianci ({{Jezyky|en|salarians}})<ref>{{-|[[BioWare]]}}. {{-|Mass Effect}} (2007). Igrovy Kodeks: "Inoplanetjani: Rasy v Sovetě Citadely" ({{Jezyky|en|Aliens: Council Races}}).</ref>. Nektore civilizacije sut prědstavjene na Citadelě s pomočju ambasad: volusi ({{Jezyky|en|voluses}}), hanari ({{Jezyky|en|hanars}}), elkori ({{Jezyky|en|elcors}}), a takože ljudi<ref>{{-|[[BioWare]]}}. {{-|Mass Effect}} (2007). Igrovy Kodeks: "Inoplanetjani: Rasy ne v Sovetě Citadely" ({{Jezyky|en|Aliens: Non-Council Races}}).</ref>. Takože sut nektore civilizacije, ktore živut vne Citadelskogo prostora: krogani ({{Jezyky|en|krogans}}), batarianci ({{Jezyky|en|batarians}}), kvarianci ({{Jezyky|en|quarians}}). Vse životne civilizacije v igrě imajut nazvu ''organične'', a robotove civilizacije, kako gety ({{Jezyky|en|geths}}) i Žnecy ({{Jezyky|en|Reapers}}) ''sintetične''. Člověčstvo prvy raz strětilo se s inymi civilizacijami (turiancami) v 2149 lětu i ta strěča počela se kako vojna, ktora skoro završila se. Ljudi izšli v novy sektor kosmosa s pomočju retranslatora, ale zakon Citadele ne dozvoljaje aktivirovati nerazvedane retranslatory; zamesto govorenja turianci izničtožili prve koraby ljudij i to dejanje stalo pričinoju vojny.<ref name=":17">[[BioWare]]. {{-|Mass Effect}} (2007). Igrovy Kodeks: "Človečstvo i Alians Sistem" ({{Jezyky|en|Humanity and the Systems Alliance}}).</ref> Potom človečstvo dobylo svoje město v galaktičnom sociumu posle nektoryh drugyh dejanij<ref name=":17" />. Na moment početka igry komander Šepard potreben byl stati prvym človekom Spektrom. Spektri sut specialni ljudi, u kojih administracija je Sovět Citadele<ref>{{-|[[BioWare]]}}. {{-|Mass Effect}} (2007). Igrovy Kodeks: "Citadel i Galaktičska vlada" ({{Jezyky|en|Citadel and Galactic Government}}).</ref>. === Personaži === ==== Šepard ==== Glavny personaž igry je komander Šepard ({{Jezyky|en|Shepard}}). V zavisnosti od igrača Šepard može byti žena ili muž. Standardno mužsko ime je Džon ({{Jezyky|en|John}}), a žensko Džejn ({{Jezyky|en|Jane}}). Prědhistorija Šeparda takože izbiraje se igračem: {| class="wikitable" |+Varianty biografije Šeparda{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=7-9}} ! colspan="2" |Do armije |- |Kolonist ({{Jezyky|en|colonist}}) |Dětinstvo Šeparda bylo na kolonije Mindoir. Koloniju atakovali sut piraty-rabotrgovci i ubili jegovyh roditeljev. Šeparda vzeli k sobe dozorny patrol Aliansa. Kogda Šepardu stalo 18 let, on pošel v armiju Aliansa. |- |Rodženi na Zemji ({{Jezyky|en|Earthborn}}) |Šepard byl sirota i jegovo dětinstvo prošlo v uličnyh bandah. Kogda Šepardu stalo 18 let, on pošel v armiju. |- |Kosmičnik ({{Jezyky|en|Spacer}}) |Roditelji Šeparda sut vojskovi ljudi. Vse dětinstvo Šepard byl na kosmičnyh korabah. Potom zapisal se v armiju Aliansa. |- ! colspan="2" |V čas služenja v armije |- |Heroj vojny ({{Jezyky|en|War Hero}}) |V čas služenja na člověčskoj koloniji Elizium ({{Jezyky|en|Elysium}}) bojeval protiv piratov, kojih bylo mnogo, odbivši ataku. |- |Izživši ({{Jezyky|en|Sole Survivor}}) |Na planetě Akuza ({{Jezyky|en|Akuze}}) odred Šeparda byl atakovan velikym inoplanetnym životnym i byl cělo izničtoženy. Ostal jedino Šepard. |- |Ljuty ({{Jezyky|en|Ruthless}}) |Na planetě Torfan ({{Jezyky|en|Torfan}}) Šepard izgubil 3/4 svojego odreda, ale izpolnil zadanje, a takože izničil vsih neprijatelskyh piratov-batariancev. |} Mužsky glas Šeparda dal aktor {{-|[[Mark Meer]]}}<ref name=":18">[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1073668/fullcredits/?ref_=tt_cst_sm#amzn1.imdb.concept.name_credit_group.7caf7d16-5db9-4f4f-8864-d4c6e711c686 Mass Effect (Video Game 2007) - Full cast] na [[IMDb]]</ref>. Žensky glas Šeparda dala aktrisa {{-|[[Jennifer Hale]]}}<ref name=":18" />. ==== Ekipa Normandije ==== ===== Džef Džoker Moro ===== Džef Džoker Moro ({{Jezyky|en|Jeff Joker Moreau}}) — je profesionalny pilot Normandije. Imaje veliku problemu s kostami, one sut slabe. Glas jemu dal aktor {{-|[[Seth Benjamin Gesshel Green]]}}<ref>[https://www.mobygames.com/person/266203/seth-b-green/credits/ Seth B. Green - Video Game Credits - MobyGames], "Mass Effect (2007, Xbox 360) Jeff “Joker” Moreau"</ref><ref name=":18" />. ===== Greg Adams ===== Greg Adams ({{Jezyky|en|Greg Adams}}) — je glavny inženjer Normandije. On rabotaje v inženjernoj sekciji koraba. Glas jemu dal aktor {{-|[[Roger Labon Jackson]]}}<ref>[https://www.mobygames.com/person/1179/roger-labon-jackson/credits/ Roger Labon Jackson - Video Game Credits - MobyGames], "Mass Effect (2007, Xbox 360) Additional Voices"</ref><ref name=":18" />. ===== Karin Čakvas ===== Karin Čakvas ({{Jezyky|en|Karin Chakwas}}) — je glavna doktorka Normandije. Glas jej dala aktrisa {{-|[[Carolyn Seymour]]}}<ref>[https://www.mobygames.com/person/17150/carolyn-seymour/credits/ Carolyn Seymour - Video Game Credits - MobyGames], "Mass Effect (2007, Xbox 360) Additional Voices"</ref><ref name=":18" />. ==== Osnovne učestniki odreda ==== ===== Ričard Dženkins ===== Ričard Dženkins ({{Jezyky|en|Richard L. Jenkins}}) — soldat Aliansa. Imaje klas i sposobnosti soldata. Jegovo ime i historija v igrě imaje svez s mem-personažem Lirojem Dženkinsom. Glas jemu dal aktor {{-|[[George Joshua Christian Dean]]}}<ref>[https://www.mobygames.com/person/122414/josh-dean/credits/ Josh  Dean - Video Game Credits - MobyGames], "Mass Effect (2007, Xbox 360) Additional Voices"</ref><ref name=":18" />. ===== Kajdan Alenko ===== Kajdan Alenko ({{Jezyky|en|Kaidan Alenko}}) — lejtenant-poručnik, a takože biotik. Kako igrovy personaž imaje sposobnosti-specializaciju biotika. On je vozmožny romantičsky interes Šeparda-ženy. Glas jemu dal aktor {{-|[[Raphael Sbarge]]}}<ref>[https://www.mobygames.com/person/9258/raphael-sbarge/credits/ Raphael Sbarge - Video Game Credits - MobyGames], "Mass Effect (Xbox 360) Kaidan Alenko"</ref><ref name=":18" />. ===== Ešli Viljams ===== Ešli Viljams ({{Jezyky|en|Ashley Medelin Williams}}) — kosmična pěhotnica Aliansa. Igrač strěčaje ju v prvoj misiji igry. Ona je možnym romantičskym interesom Šeparda-muža. Glas jej dala aktrisa {{-|[[Kimberly Brooks]]}}<ref name=":18" />. ===== Urdnot Reks ===== Urdnot Reks ({{Jezyky|en|Urdnot Wrex}}) — krogan-biotik. Šepard strěčaje jego na Citadeli. Reks imaje praktično obče celji s Šepardom i ide pomogati jemu. Glas jemu dal aktor {{-|[[Steven Barr]]}}<ref name=":18" />. ===== Liara T'Soni ===== Liara T'Soni ({{Jezyky|en|Liara T’Soni}}) — je azarijska naučnica, a takože biotička, koja zajmaje se ksenoarheologijeju. Šepard strěčaje ju v jednoj iz misij igry, po ktoroj ona ide pomogati jemu. Ona je možnym romantičskym interesom za Šepardov obohdvoh polov. Glas jej dala aktrisa {{-|[[Ali Hillis]]}}<ref name=":18" />. ===== Garus Vakarian ===== Garus Vakarian ({{Jezyky|en|Garrus Vakarian}}) — je turianec, ktori rabotaje v službe bezpečnosti Citadele. Posle něktoryh činov od strany administracije služby bezpečnosti Citadele on odhodi odovud i prisjedinjaje se k odredu Šeparda, daby pomogti jemu. Glas jemu dal aktor {{-|[[Brandon James Keener]]}}<ref name=":18" />. ===== Tali Zora ===== Tali Zora ({{Jezyky|en|Tali'Zorah}}) — je kvarianka-tehnička, ktora byla atakovana v čas svojego putovanja něktorymi osobami. Ona imaje něktore silne dokazy o dělah, ktore sut svezany s cěljem raboty Šeparda. Glas jej dala aktrisa {{-|[[Ash Sroka]]}}<ref name=":18" />. ==== Antagonisti ==== ===== Saren Arterius ===== Saren Arterius ({{Jezyky|en|Saren Arterius}}) — je turianec-Spektr, ktory skooperiroval se s getami zaradi někakyh svojih cěljev i jest jedin iz glavnyh antagonistov igry. Glas jemu dal aktor {{-|[[Fred Tatasciore]]}}<ref name=":18" />. == Dodatne epizody ({{-|DLC}}) == Dlja ''{{-|Mass Effect}}'' je bylo izdano 2 {{-|DLC}}: ''{{-|Bring Down the Sky}}'' v marcu 2008 lěta, ''{{-|Pinnacle Station}}'' v avgustu 2009 lěta. V 2012 leto {{-|DLC}} ''{{-|Bring Down the Sky}}'' bylo izdano za {{-|[[PlayStation 3]]}}<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" />, ale ''{{-|Pinnacle Station}}'' izdan ne byl. {| class="wikitable" style="width: 100%;" |- style="text-align: center;" ! rowspan="2" style="width:40%;" |Nazva ! colspan="3" |Data izdanja |- ! style="width:20%;" |{{-|Xbox 360}} ! style="width:20%;" |{{-|Microsoft Windows}} ! style="width:20%;" |{{-|PlayStation 3}} |- | colspan="4" bgcolor="#e6e9ff" | |- align="center" bgcolor="#f2f2f2" | * {{Jezyky|en|Bring Down the Sky}} * {{Jezyky|de|Kollisionskurs}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.eurogamer.de/mass-effect-x57-dlc-kollisionskurs|title=Mass Effect: X57 DLC: Kollisionskurs|date=2008|first=Benjamin|last=Jakobs|lang=de}}</ref><ref name=":14">[https://www.mobygames.com/game/58908/mass-effect/credits/ps3/ MobyGames | Mass Effect Credits Bring Down the Sky: Keywords International Ltd.] </ref> * {{Jezyky|pl|Bring Down the Sky}}<ref name=":14" /> * {{Jezyky|fr|Turbulences à 900 000 Pieds}}<ref name=":14" /><ref>[https://www.gamekult.com/jeux/mass-effect-turbulences-a-900-000-pieds-3010006267.html www.gamekult.com - Mass Effect : Turbulences à 900.000 pieds]</ref> * {{Jezyky|ru|Гибель с небес}}<ref>[https://piper.old-games.ru/project/snowball_ru/www.snowball.ru/me/ Snowball Studios | Mass Effect: Золотое издание] </ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=December 30, 2008 |title="Mass Effect: Гибель с небес". Качаем |url=https://www.cnews.ru/news/line/mass_effect_gibel_s_nebes_kachaem |url-status=live|language=ru}}</ref> * {{Jezyky|it|Impatto imminente}}<ref name=":14" /><ref>[https://www.xbox.com/it-IT/games/store/impatto-imminente-en/BVTTSL5Q7D24 <nowiki>Xbox.com | Impatto imminente [EN]</nowiki>]</ref> |20 marca 2008 lěta |28 maja 2008 lěta<ref name=":10" /> |4 dekembra 2012 lěta<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ixbt.games/news/ps3-versiya-mass-effect-trilogy-v-dekabre.html|title=PS3-версия Mass Effect Trilogy в декабре|date=November 2, 2012|lang=ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2012/12/10/mass-effect-ps3-review|title=Mass Effect PS3 Review|date=December 10, 2012|first=Colin|last=Moriarty|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121212174118/http://www.ign.com/articles/2012/12/10/mass-effect-ps3-review|archive-date=December 12, 2012|lang=en}}</ref> |- | colspan="4" style="border: none; vertical-align: top;" | V {{-|DLC}} jedno zadanje, v ktorom piraty-batarianci ({{Jezyky|en|batarians}}) hčut skydnuti asteroid {{-|X57}} na planetu Tera Nova ({{Jezyky|en|Terra Nova}})<ref name=":11" />. |- | colspan="4" bgcolor="#e6e9ff" | |- align="center" bgcolor="#f2f2f2" |{{Jezyky|en|Pinnacle Station}} |25 avgusta 2009 lěta<ref name=":12" /> |25 avgusta 2009 lěta |nema |- | colspan="4" style="border: none; vertical-align: top;" | To vtoro {{-|DLC}} dodaje trenovačnu kosmičnu stanciju. Jejny komandir je admiral Ahern ({{Jezyky|en|Tadius Ahern}}). Igrač može trenovati se na stancije v simulatoru, ktory imaje 12 scenarijev i bonusny scenarij, ktory simuliruje jedin boj iz Vojny Prvogo Kontakta ({{Jezyky|en|First Contact War}}). Akoli završiti bonusny scenarij, igrač dobyvaje v dar apartamenty na planetě Intajsej ({{Jezyky|en|Intai'sei}}), v ktoryh igrač može kupiti redke predmety za dost malu cenu, ktora je vo mnogo raz niže, neželi v magazinah<ref name=":13" />. |} == Muzika == Muzikalne kompozicije stvorjal [[Jack Wall|Džek Vol]]{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=32}}<ref name=":9">[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1073668/fullcredits/?ref_=tt_cst_sm#amzn1.imdb.concept.name_credit_category.00f5faa0-5f76-4eb5-87a1-ec8d484d1779 Mass Effect (Video Game 2007) - Full cast & crew | Composers] na {{-|[[IMDb]]}}</ref>, ktory do ''{{-|Mass Effect}}'' stvoril saundtrek dlja igry {{-|[[Jade Empire]]}} 2005-go lěta i ktoru takože stvorila {{-|[[BioWare]]}}<ref>[https://www.discogs.com/master/698381-Jack-Wall-Jade-Empire-Original-Video-Game-Soundtrack Jack Wall - Jade Empire (Original Video Game Soundtrack)] na [[Discogs]]</ref><ref>[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0455965/fullcredits/?ref_=tt_cst_sm#amzn1.imdb.concept.name_credit_category.00f5faa0-5f76-4eb5-87a1-ec8d484d1779 Jade Empire (Video Game 2005) - Full cast & crow | Composer] na {{-|[[IMDb]]}}</ref>. 20 novembra 2007-go lěta label {{-|[[Sumthing Else]]}} izdal album ''{{-|Mass Effect Original Game Soundtrack}}''<ref name=":5">{{Cite web| url = https://vgmdb.net/album/5380| title = Mass Effect Original Soundtrack| date = November 13, 2007|lang=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.gamesindustry.biz/sumthing-else-music-works-announces-release-of-the-mass-effect-original-soundtrack-from-the-blockbuster-xbox-360r-video-game| title = Sumthing Else Music Works Announces Release Of The Mass Effect Original Soundtrack From The Blockbuster Xbox 360(R) Video Game| date = November 19, 2007|lang=en}}</ref>, ktory sodržal v sobě 37 kompozicij iz igry (obča dolgota 1 čas i 15 minut), a takože kompoziciju iz albuma {{-|[[M4 (muzikalny album)|M4]]}} kanadskoj {{-|[[indie-rock]]}} grupy {{-|[[Faunts (muzikalna grupa)|Faunts]]}}, ktora zvuči v igrě pri finalnyh titrah<ref name=":5" />. 13 novembra 2012-go lěta label {{-|[[FUNimation]]}} izdal album ''{{-|Mass Effect Paragon Lost Original Motion Picture Soundtrack}}'', s dolgotoju 1 čas i 9 minut, ktory sodržal v sobě 27 kompozicij iz [[anime]]-seriala {{-|[[Mass Effect: Paragon Lost]]}}<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/press-release/2012-11-08/mass-effect/paragon-lost-animated-film-score-composed-by-joshua-r-mosley-and-david-kates| title = Mass Effect: Paragon Lost Animated FIlm Score Composed by Joshua R. Mosley and David Kates| date = November 8, 2012|lang=en}}</ref>. {| class="wikitable" |+Spisok kompozicij iz {{-|Mass Effect}}<ref name=":5" /> !№ !Nazva !Avtori !Dolgost |- | align="center" |1 | align="left" |{{-|Mass Effect Theme}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |02:21:00 |- | align="center" |2 | align="left" |{{-|The Normandy}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:35:00 |- | align="center" |3 | align="left" |{{-|Eden Prime}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:34:00 |- | align="center" |4 | align="left" |{{-|Battle At Eden Prime}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:23:00 |- | align="center" |5 | align="left" |{{-|Saren}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |02:00:00 |- | align="center" |6 | align="left" |{{-|The Citadel}} | align="left" |{{-|Richard Jacques, Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:45:00 |- | align="center" |7 | align="left" |{{-|The Presidium}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:32:00 |- | align="center" |8 | align="left" |{{-|The Wards}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |03:14:00 |- | align="center" |9 | align="left" |{{-|Criminal Elements}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:56:00 |- | align="center" |10 | align="left" |{{-|Spectre Induction}} | align="left" |{{-|Richard Jacques, Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:55:00 |- | align="center" |11 | align="left" |{{-|Liara's World}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |02:35:00 |- | align="center" |12 | align="left" |{{-|A Very Dangerous Place}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |02:40:00 |- | align="center" |13 | align="left" |{{-|Feros}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:34:00 |- | align="center" |14 | align="left" |{{-|Protecting The Colony}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:56:00 |- | align="center" |15 | align="left" |{{-|The Thorian}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |03:12:00 |- | align="center" |16 | align="left" |{{-|Noveria}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |02:14:00 |- | align="center" |17 | align="left" |{{-|The Secret Labs}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |02:39:00 |- | align="center" |18 | align="left" |{{-|The Alien Queen}} | align="left" |{{-|Richard Jacques, Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:44:00 |- | align="center" |19 | align="left" |{{-|Fatal Confrontation}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:09:00 |- | align="center" |20 | align="left" |{{-|Saren's Base}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:37:00 |- | align="center" |21 | align="left" |{{-|Breeding Ground}} | align="left" |{{-|Richard Jacques, Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |03:47:00 |- | align="center" |22 | align="left" |{{-|Virmire Ride}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:41:00 |- | align="center" |23 | align="left" |{{-|Exit}} | align="left" |{{-|Richard Jacques, Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:54:00 |- | align="center" |24 | align="left" |{{-|Love Theme}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:54:00 |- | align="center" |25 | align="left" |{{-|Uncharted Worlds}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:16:00 |- | align="center" |26 | align="left" |{{-|Ilos}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:39:00 |- | align="center" |27 | align="left" |{{-|Vigil}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:44:00 |- | align="center" |28 | align="left" |{{-|Sovereign's Theme}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:19:00 |- | align="center" |29 | align="left" |{{-|Uplink}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:12:00 |- | align="center" |30 | align="left" |{{-|Battling Saren}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:38:00 |- | align="center" |31 | align="left" |{{-|In Pursuit Of Saren}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:37:00 |- | align="center" |32 | align="left" |{{-|Infusion}} | align="left" |{{-|Richard Jacques, Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:30:00 |- | align="center" |33 | align="left" |{{-|Final Assault}} | align="left" |{{-|Richard Jacques, Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |02:02:00 |- | align="center" |34 | align="left" |{{-|Victory}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |00:51:00 |- | align="center" |35 | align="left" |{{-|From The Wreckage}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:54:00 |- | align="center" |36 | align="left" |{{-|The End (Reprise)}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:10:00 |- | align="center" |37 | align="left" |{{-|M4 Part II (Faunts)}} | align="left" |{{-|Faunts}} | align="center" |08:18:00 |} == Anons i izdanje == {{Sistemne trěbovanja|useminandrec=1|platform1=Osobne kompjutery|os1={{-|[[Windows XP]]}} i {{-|[[Windows Vista]]}}|os1rec={{-|[[Windows XP]]}} i vyše|cpu1=2,4 {{-|GHz|ГГц}} {{-|[[Intel]]}} ili 2,0 {{-|GHz|ГГц}} {{-|[[AMD]]}}|cpu1rec=2,6 {{-|GHz|ГГц}} {{-|Intel}} ili 2,4 {{-|GHz|ГГц}} {{-|AMD}} i vyše|gpu1=|gpu1rec=|memory1=1 [[Gigabajt|Gb]] {{-|[[RAM]]}} ({{-|XP}})/2 Gb {{-|RAM}} ({{-|Vista}})|memory1rec=2 Gb {{-|RAM}} i vyše|hdspace1=12 Gb|hdspace1rec=12 Gb i vyše|media1=|media1rec=|display1={{-|[[Nvidia GeForce|Nvidia GeForce 6]]}} ({{-|6800GT}} ili lepje) ili / {{-|[[ATI Radeon]]}} {{-|1300XT}} s poddržkoj šajder-modely 3.0|display1rec={{-|[[GeForce]]}} 7900 {{-|GTX}} / {{-|[[ATI Radeon]]}} {{-|X1800 XL}} i vyše|network1=|network1rec=|sound1=Sumestima-kompatibilna s {{-|DirectX 9.0}} sumestima [[zvukova karta]]|sound1rec=Sumestima-kopmatibilna {{-|DirectX 9.0}} s i vyše sumestima [[zvukova karta]]|input1=|input1rec=}} Igra oficialno byla anonsovana je na {{-|[[Xbox show]]}} v [[Amsterdam|Amsterdamu]] 4 oktobra 2005-go lěta.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.ign.com/articles/2005/10/04/x05-mass-effect-eyes-on| title = X05: Mass Effect: Eyes-On| date = October 4, 2005| first = Charles| last = Onyett|lang=en}}</ref> V maju 2006-go lěta demonstracijna versija igry byla prědstavjena na {{-|[[Electronic Entertainment Expo]]}} i dobyla {{-|[[Game Critics Awards]]}} kak najlěpša roljeva igra.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.gamespot.com/articles/e3-06-mass-effect-impressions/1100-6150171/| title = E3 06: Mass Effect Impressions| date = May 11, 2006| first = Greg| last = Mueller|lang=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.ign.com/articles/2006/05/10/e3-2006-mass-effect-impressions| title = E3 2006: Mass Effect Impressions| date = May 10, 2006| first = Charles| last = Onyett|lang=en}}</ref> Novy gejmplej byl pokazan je v septembru 2006-go lěta na {{-|[[Xbox show]]}} v {{-|[[Barselona|Barseloně]]}}.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.gamesindustry.biz/microsoft-announces-x06| title = Microsoft Announces X06| date = June 22, 2006|lang=en}}</ref> V marcu 2007-go lěta gejmplej byl pokazan je cěly čas v [[San-Francisko]] na {{-|[[Game Developeres Conference]]}}.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.ign.com/articles/2007/03/07/gdc-2007-mass-effect-the-first-hour| title = GDC 2007: Mass Effect - The First Hour| date = March 7, 2007| first = Hilary| last = Goldstein| first2 = Erik| last2 = Brudvig|lang=en}}</ref> Povtorno igra byla pokazana na {{-|Electronic Entertainment Expo}} v juliju 2007-go lěta.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CItElYfc47g| title = Live from the Santa Monica Pier! Mass Effect Stage Demo| date = July 19, 2007|lang=en}}</ref> V avgustu 2007-go lěta byla pokazana na {{-|[[Games Convention]]}} v [[Leipzig|{{-|Leipzigu|Леjпцигу}}]].<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.gamesindustry.biz/critically-acclaimed-rpg-mass-effect-begins-epic-journey-on-23rd-november-2007| title = Critically-Acclaimed RPG "Mass Effect" Begins Epic Journey on 23rd November 2007| date = August 31, 2007|lang=en}}</ref> V izdanje igra šla 20 novembra 2007-go lěta.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://news.microsoft.com/source/2007/11/20/gamer-excitement-reaches-galactic-proportions-as-mass-effect-touches-down-today-on-retail-shelves-in-north-america/| title = Gamer Excitement Reaches Galactic Proportions as “Mass Effect” Touches Down Today on Retail Shelves in North America| date = November 20, 2007|lang=en}}</ref> == Recenzije == {| class="wikitable" | rowspan="2" align="center" |'''Izdanje''' | colspan="3" align="center" |'''Ocěnka''' |- | align="center" |'''{{-|[[Osobny kompjuter|PC]]}}''' | align="center" |'''{{-|[[PlayStation 3|PS3]]}}''' | align="center" |'''{{-|[[Xbox 360]]}}''' |- | align="left" |{{-|[[GameRankings]]}} | align="left" |89,70 %<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gamerankings.com/pc/944902-mass-effect/index.html|title=Mass Effect for PC|publisher={{-|[[GameRankings]]}}|access-date=2019-12-09|language=en|archive-date=2019-12-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191209015645/https://www.gamerankings.com/pc/944902-mass-effect/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> | align="left" |82,00 %<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gamerankings.com/ps3/689056-mass-effect/index.html|title=Mass Effect PlayStation 3|date=2016-10-05|publisher={{-|[[GameRankings]]}}|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121213034250/http://www.gamerankings.com/ps3/689056-mass-effect/index.html|archive-date=2012-12-13|lang=en}}</ref> | align="left" |91,24 %<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gamerankings.com/xbox360/930279-mass-effect/index.html|title=Mass Effect for Xbox 360|publisher={{-|[[GameRankings]]}}|access-date=2019-12-09|language=en|archive-date=2019-12-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191209013328/https://www.gamerankings.com/xbox360/930279-mass-effect/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[Metacritic]]}} | align="left" |89/100<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.metacritic.com/game/pc/mass-effect|title=Mass Effect (PC)|date=2012-04-24|publisher={{-|[[Metacritic]]}}|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100821111555/http://www.metacritic.com/game/pc/mass-effect|archive-date=2010-08-21|lang=en}}</ref> | align="left" |85/100<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.metacritic.com/game/playstation-3/mass-effect|title=Mass Effect (PlayStation 3)|date=2016-10-05|publisher={{-|[[Metacritic]]}}|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121118033542/http://www.metacritic.com/game/playstation-3/mass-effect|archive-date=2012-11-18|lang=en}}</ref> | align="left" |91/100<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.metacritic.com/game/xbox-360/mass-effect|title=Mass Effect (Xbox 360)|date=2012-04-24|publisher={{-|[[Metacritic]]}}|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100817013510/http://www.metacritic.com/game/xbox-360/mass-effect|archive-date=2010-08-17|lang=en}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[1UP.com]]}} | align="left" |A-<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.1up.com/reviews/mass-effect-review|title=Mass Effect PC Review |author=Thierry Nguyen |date=2008-06-17 |lang=en |work={{-|[[1UP.com]]}}|access-date=2012-04-25 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/68iFKqDnr?url=http://www.1up.com/reviews/mass-effect-review|archive-date=2012-06-26 }}</ref> | align="left" | - | align="left" |A<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.1up.com/reviews/mass-effect |title=Mass Effect (XBOX 360) |author=Jennifer Tsao|date=2007-11-19 |work={{-|[[1UP.com]}} |lang=en |access-date=2012-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120605212422/http://www.1up.com/reviews/mass-effect|archive-date=2012-06-05}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[Computer and Video Games|CVG]]}} | align="left" |9,2/10<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.computerandvideogames.com/190267/reviews/mass-effect-review/ |title=Mass Effect PC Review |lang=en |work={{-|[[Computer and Video Games]]}}|author=Ed Zitron|date=2008-06-04 |access-date=2012-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120312103314/http://www.computerandvideogames.com/190267/reviews/mass-effect-review/|archive-date=2012-03-12}}</ref> | align="left" | - | align="left" |9,0/10<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.computerandvideogames.com/175911/reviews/mass-effect-review/ |title=Mass Effect Xbox Review |lang=en |work={{-|[[Computer and Video Games]]}}|author=Alex Dale|date=2007-11-19 |access-date=2012-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110126035543/http://www.computerandvideogames.com/175911/reviews/mass-effect-review/|archive-date=2011-01-12}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[Edge (žurnal)|Edge]]}} | align="left" |7/10<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.edge-online.com/reviews/mass-effect-review|title=Mass Effect review |lang=en |work={{-|[[Future Publishing]]}}|date=2007-12-02|access-date=2012-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120301013356/http://www.edge-online.com/reviews/mass-effect-review|archive-date=2012-03-01}}</ref> | align="left" | - | align="left" | - |- | align="left" |{{-|[[Eurogamer]]}} | align="left" |8/10<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/mass-effect-review |title=Mass Effect Review |lang=en |work={{-|[[Eurogamer]]}}|author=Kristan Reed|date=2007-11-19|access-date=2012-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111204445/http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/mass-effect-review|archive-date=2009-01-11}}</ref> | align="left" | - | align="left" |8/10<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/mass-effect-review |title=Mass Effect Review |lang=en|work={{-|[[Eurogamer]]}}|author=Kristan Reed|access-date=2012-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111204445/http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/mass-effect-review|archive-date=2009-01-11}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[Game Informer]]}} | align="left" | - | align="left" | - | align="left" |9,75/10<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Andrew Reiner|title=Mass EFfect|work={{-|[[Game Informer]]}}|issue=175|page=151|date=November 2007}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[GamePro]]}} | align="left" | - | align="left" | - | align="left" |4,75/5<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gamepro.com/article/reviews/148788/mass-effect-the-best-rpg-of-2007/ |title=GamePro review |lang=en |work={{-|[[Gamepro]]}} |author=Cameron Lewis|date=2007-11-19|access-date=2009-05-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080921213613/http://www.gamepro.com/article/reviews/148788/mass-effect-the-best-rpg-of-2007/|archive-date=2008-09-21}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[GameSpot]]}} | align="left" |9,0/10<ref>{{cite web|author=Chris Watters|url=http://www.gamespot.com/mass-effect/reviews/mass-effect-review-6191875/|title=Mass Effect Review for PC|lang=en|work={{-|[[GameSpot]]}}|date=2008-05-28|access-date=2012-04-25|archive-date=2012-05-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120501162723/http://www.gamespot.com/mass-effect/reviews/mass-effect-review-6191875/|url-status=live}}</ref> | align="left" | - | align="left" |8,5/10<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gamespot.com/mass-effect/reviews/mass-effect-review-6183119/|title=GameSpot review|lang=en|author=Kevin VanOrd|work={{-|[[GameSpot]]}}|access-date=2012-04-25|archive-date=2012-05-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120501004812/http://www.gamespot.com/mass-effect/reviews/mass-effect-review-6183119/|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[GameSpy]]}} | align="left" |5 zvězd<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pc.gamespy.com/pc/bioware-rpg/877353p1.html|title=GameSpy: Mass Effect|lang=en|work={{-|[[GameSpy]]}}|last=Villoria|first=Gerald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080531073014/http://pc.gamespy.com/pc/bioware-rpg/877353p1.html|archive-date=2008-05-31}}</ref> | align="left" | - | align="left" |5 zvězd<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://xbox360.gamespy.com/xbox-360/mass-effect/836239p1.html|title=Gamespy review |lang=en |work={{-|[[GameSpy]]}}|last=Villoria|first=Gerald |access-date=2009-05-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071120143528/http://xbox360.gamespy.com/xbox-360/mass-effect/836239p1.html|archive-date=2007-11-20}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[GamesRadar (žurnal)|GamesRadar+]]}} | align="left" |9/10 | align="left" | - | align="left" |9/10<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gamesradar.com/mass-effect-12/ |title=Mass Effect review |lang=en |work={{-|[[GamesRadar (žurnal|GamesRadar]]}} |author=Eric Bratcher|access-date=2012-05-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121013070541/http://www.gamesradar.com/mass-effect-review/|archive-date=2012-10-13}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[GameTrailers]]}} | align="left" | - | align="left" | - | align="left" |9,6/10<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.gametrailers.com/gamereview.php?id=2211|title=Mass Effect |website={{-|[[GameTrailers]]}}|access-date=February 22, 2009|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090222082413/http://www.gametrailers.com/gamereview.php?id=2211 |archive-date=February 22, 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[IGN]]}} | align="left" |9,4/10<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2008/05/27/mass-effect-review |title=Mass Effect Review |website={{-|[[IGN]]}}|access-date=October 1, 2016 |author=Jason Ocampo |date=May 27, 2008 |lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140530035846/http://www.ign.com/articles/2008/05/27/mass-effect-review |archive-date=May 30, 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> | align="left" |9,0/10<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2012/12/10/mass-effect-ps3-review |title=Mass Effect PS3 Review |website={{-|[[IGN]]}}|access-date=October 2, 2016 |author=Colin Moriarty |date=December 10, 2012 |lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160129185655/http://www.ign.com/articles/2012/12/10/mass-effect-ps3-review |archive-date=January 29, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> | align="left" |9,4/10<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2007/11/19/mass-effect-review-2 |title=Mass Effect Review |website={{-|[[IGN]]}}|access-date=October 1, 2016 |author=Erik Brudvig |date=November 19, 2007 |lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160924220330/http://www.ign.com/articles/2007/11/19/mass-effect-review-2 |archive-date=September 24, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[Official Xbox Magazine]]}} | align="left" | - | align="left" | - | align="left" |10/10<ref>{{Cite magazine |url=http://www.oxmonline.com/mass-effect-review |title=Mass Effect review |magazine={{-|[[Official Xbox Magazine]]}}|author=Paul Curthoys |date=November 19, 2007 |access-date=October 6, 2011 |lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111006140039/http://www.oxmonline.com/mass-effect-review |archive-date=October 6, 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[3DNews]]}} | align="left" |9,5/10<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.3dnews.ru/games/mass_effect/|title=Mass Effect — покорители вселенной|author=Сапрыкин, Геннадий|date=2008-06-07|access-date=2012-04-24|lang=ru|work={{-|[[3DNews]]}}|archive-date=2012-03-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120307111127/http://www.3dnews.ru/games/mass_effect|url-status=live}}</ref> | align="left" | - | align="left" | - |- | align="left" |{{-|[[Absolute Games]]}} | align="left" |79 %<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ag.ru/games/mass-effect/review |title=Рецензия на Mass Effect |author=Nomad |date=2008-06-15 |access-date=2019-12-12 |lang=ru |work={{-|[[Absolute Games]]}}|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130101061931/https://ag.ru/games/mass-effect/review|archive-date=2013-01-01}}</ref> | align="left" | - | align="left" | - |- | align="left" |{{-|[[PlayGround.ru]]}} | align="left" |8,6/10<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.playground.ru/articles/21303/ |title=Mass Effect. Сны о чем-то большем |author=demigot |date=2008-06-26 |access-date=2012-04-24 |lang=ru |work={{-|[[PlayGround.ru|Playground]]}}|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200812202004/https://www.playground.ru/mass_effect/opinion/mass_effect_sny_o_chem_to_bolshem-421303|archive-date=2020-08-12}}</ref> | align="left" | - | align="left" | - |- | align="left" |{{-|[[Игромания (žurnal)|Игромания]]}} | align="left" |9,5/10<ref>{{Cite web |author=Курган, Георгий |title=Полные рецензии > Mass Effect |url=http://www.igromania.ru/articles/56443/Mass_Effect.htm |work={{-|[[Игромания (žurnal)|Игромания]]}} |year=2008|publisher={{-|Игромедиа}}|lang=ru |archive-date=2012-04-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120411071729/http://www.igromania.ru/articles/56443/Mass_Effect.htm }}</ref> | align="left" | - | align="left" | - |} == Prodolženje-sikvel == Tvorjenje vtoroj igry počelo se v početku 2008-go lěta. {{-|[[Mass Effect 2]]}} byla izdana je 26 januara 2010-go lěta<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.vg247.com/mass-effect-comfirmed-for-january-2010-release-with-preorder-bonus| title = Mass Effect 2 confirmed for January 2010 release with preorder bonus| date = October 16, 2009| first = Stephany| last = Nunneley-Jackson|lang=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.cnews.ru/news/line/mass_effect_2_data_vyhoda| title = Mass Effect 2. Дата выхода| date = October 17, 2009|lang=ru}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web| url = https://gamemag.ru/news/48799/mass-effect-2-stal-pervym-igrovym-blokbasterom-2010-goda| title = Mass Effect 2 стал первым игровым блокбастером 2010 года| date = February 3, 2010| first = Сергей| last = Дьяконенко|lang=ru}}</ref>. Na {{-|PlayStation 3}} igra byla izdana 18 januara 2011-go lěta<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2010/12/09/mass-effect-2-ps3-release-date|title=Mass Effect 2 PS3 Release Date|date=December 9, 2010|first=Jim|last=Reilly|lang=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blog.bioware.com/2010/12/15/mass-effect-2-on-playstation-3-podcast-and-gold-announcement/|title=Mass Effect 2 on Playstation 3 Podcast and Gold Announcement|date=December 15, 2010|first=Evil Chris|last=Priestly|lang=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.ea.com/press-releases/press-releases-details/2011/BioWares-Award-Winning-Mass-Effect-2-Makes-PlayStation-3-Debut-Today/default.aspx|date=January 18, 2011|title=BioWare’s Award-Winning Mass Effect 2 Makes PlayStation 3 Debut Today|lang=en}}</ref>. V {{-|Mass Effect 2}} možno importovati shranjenu igru iz {{-|Mass Effect}} — dejanja iz prvoj igry imajut vliv vo vtoroj<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2009/12/28/mass-effect-2-importing-requires-hard-drive|title=Mass Effect 2 Importing Requires Hard Drive|date=December 28, 2009|first=Jim|last=Reilly|lang=en}}</ref>. == Iztočniky == {{Iztočniky}} == Vnešne linky == * {{MobyGames|31277/mass-effect/}} [[Kategorija:Mass Effect]] [[Kategorija:Kompjuterne igry, ktore stvorila BioWare]] [[Kategorija:Kompjuterne igry, ktore izdala Electronic Arts]] [[Kategorija:Igry za Windows]] [[Kategorija:Igry za Xbox 360]] [[Kategorija:Igry na igromotoru Unreal Engine 3]] [[Kategorija:Igry za PlayStation 3]] [[Kategorija:Videoigry]] taf0yapjemrqhigy5fisj0qwud4hd2i 45587 45577 2026-08-12T18:23:53Z Ilja isv 10 /* Vnešne linky */ 45587 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kartka kompjuterna igra |obložka= |nazva = {{-|Mass Effect}} |razrabotniki={{-|[[BioWare]]}} |izdatelji={{-|[[Microsoft Game Studios]]}}, {{-|[[Electronic Arts]]}} |serija={{-|[[Mass Effect]]}} |dataizdanja={{-|[[Xbox 360]]}}: [[Severna Amerika]]: 20 novembra 2007 [[Avstralija]]: 22 novembra 2007 [[Evropejsky sojuz]]: 23 novembra 2007 {{-|[[Microsoft Windows|Windows]]}}: [[Severna Amerika]]: 28 maja 2008 [[Avstralija]]: 5 junija 2008 [[Evropejsky sojuz]]: 6 junija 2008 {{-|[[PlayStation 3]]}}: [[Severna Amerika]]: 4 dekembra 2012 [[Evropejsky sojuz]]: 7 dekembra 2012 |žanr={{-|action role-playing}} |platformy={{-|[[Xbox 360]], [[Microsoft Windows]], [[PlayStation 3]]}} |igrovy motor={{-|[[Unreal Engine 3]]}}<ref>{{Cite web| url=https://www.unrealengine.com/blog/mass-effect| title=Critically Acclaimed Mass Effect Powered by Unreal Engine 3| date=November 20, 2007| first=John| last=Gaudiosi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.gamesradar.com/mass-effect-legendary-edition-uses-unreal-engine-3-for-good-reason-according-to-the-developers/ |title=Mass Effect: Legendary Edition uses Unreal Engine 3 for good reason according to the developers |website=GamesRadar+ |date=4 February 2021 |access-date=12 October 2022 |archive-date=6 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210206190428/https://www.gamesradar.com/mass-effect-legendary-edition-uses-unreal-engine-3-for-good-reason-according-to-the-developers/ |url-status=live }}</ref> |režim igry=jedin igrač |glava=[[Casey Hudson|Kejsi Hadson]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://akamai.cdn.ea.com/eadownloads/u/f/manuals/GAME-MASSEFFECT/Manuals.zip|type=zip|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250101115505/http://akamai.cdn.ea.com/eadownloads/u/f/manuals/GAME-MASSEFFECT/Manuals.zip|archive-date=2025-01-01|access-date=2026-08-12|ref= {{sfnref|Manual|2008}}|title= Mass Effect PC Manual|year=2008 }}</ref> |gejmdizajner=Preston Wataman{{-|iu|jу}}k{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=32}} |programist=David Falkner{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=32}}<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1073668/fullcredits/?ref_=tt_cst_sm#amzn1.imdb.concept.name_credit_category.a7c2d410-e513-4bd7-85d5-73060ec46a84 Mass Effect (Video Game 2007) - Full cast & crew | Additional Crew] na {{-|[[IMDb]]}}</ref> |hudožnik=Derek Watts{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=32}}<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1073668/fullcredits/?ref_=tt_cst_sm#amzn1.imdb.concept.name_credit_category.60a44752-af76-44f7-9de0-ec51aea2180d Mass Effect (Video Game 2007) - Full cast & crew | Art Director] na {{-|[[IMDb]]}}</ref> |kompozitori=[[Jack Wall|Džek Vol]],{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=32}}<ref name=":9" /> [[Sam Hulick|Sam Hulik]],{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=32}}<ref name=":9" /> [[Richard Jacques|Rišar Žak]],{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=32}}<ref name=":9" /> David {{-|Kates|Кеjтс}}{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=32}}<ref name=":9" />|jezyky interfejsa=[[Anglijsky jezyk|anglijsky]], [[Francuzsky jezyk|francuzsky]], [[Němečsky jezyk|němečsky]], [[Špansky jezyk|špansky]], [[Italijansky jezyk|italijansky]], [[Russky jezyk|russky]], [[Poljsky jezyk|poljsky]]}} '''''{{-|Mass Effect}}''''' ({{Jezyky|isv|Efekt masy}}) — [[kompjuterna igra]] v žanru {{-|action-role-play}}, ktoru stvorila studija {{-|[[BioWare]]}} i izdala {{-|[[Microsoft Game Studios]]}} v lětu 2007.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.ign.com/articles/2007/11/19/mass-effect-review-2| date = November 19, 2007| title = Mass Effect Review| first = Erik| last = Brudvig|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161005213517/http://www.ign.com/articles/2007/11/19/mass-effect-review-2|archive-date=2016-10-05}}</ref> Je prvoju čestju [[Mass Effect|serije {{-|Mass Effect}}]]. V 2007 leto igra prišla jedino toliko na {{-|[[Xbox 360]]}}.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web| url = http://xbox360.gamespy.com/xbox-360/mass-effect/836239p1.html| title = Mass Effect| date = November 19, 2007| first = Gerald| last = Villoria|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071120143528/http://xbox360.gamespy.com/xbox-360/mass-effect/836239p1.html|archive-date=2007-11-20}}</ref> V 2008 javila se versija igry na {{-|[[Microsoft Windows|Windows]]}},<ref name=":1">{{Cite web| url = http://pc.gamespy.com/pc/bioware-rpg/877353p1.html| title = BioWare's space opera comes to PC and is still one of the greatest role-playing games we've ever played.| date = May 28, 2008| first = Gerald| last = Villoria|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080531073014/http://pc.gamespy.com/pc/bioware-rpg/877353p1.html|archive-date=2008-05-31}}</ref> v 2012 prišla versija na {{-|[[PlayStation 3]]}}.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.ign.com/articles/2012/09/26/mass-effect-trilogy-set-announced| title = Mass Effect Trilogy Set Announced| date = September 26, 2012| first = Andrew| last = Goldfarb|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120926193158/http://www.ign.com/articles/2012/09/26/mass-effect-trilogy-set-announced|archive-date=2012-09-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.gamespot.com/articles/mass-effect-trilogy-comes-to-ps3-dec-4/1100-6399374/| title = Mass Effect Trilogy comes to PS3 Dec. 4| date = November 2, 2010| first = Eddie| last = Makuch|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107221336/https://www.gamespot.com/articles/mass-effect-trilogy-comes-to-ps3-dec-4/1100-6399374/|archive-date=2017-11-07}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web| url = https://blog.bioware.com/2012/11/01/ryan-warden-an-update-on-the-mass-effect-trilogy/| title = Ryan Warden: An Update on the Mass Effect Trilogy| date = November 1, 2012|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103041035/http://blog.bioware.com/2012/11/01/ryan-warden-an-update-on-the-mass-effect-trilogy/|archive-date=2012-11-03}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web| url = https://www.ign.com/articles/2012/11/30/reminder-mass-effect-comes-to-ps3-very-soon| title = Reminder: Mass Effect Comes to PS3 Very Soon| date = November 30, 2012| first = Colin| last = Moriarty|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121203054258/http://www.ign.com/articles/2012/11/30/reminder-mass-effect-comes-to-ps3-very-soon|archive-date=2012-12-03}}</ref> Sjužet igry govori o tom, že v 22-om stoletju [[člověčstvo]] spoznalo i naučilo se rabotati s tehnologijeju svrhsvětlovyh lětanij v [[Kosmos|kosmosu]] s pomočju nekakogo nulovogo elementa, ktory obnuloval masu-težinu (toj moment vpisan je v nazvanje igry). A takože v to stolětje ljudi zakontaktovali se s inoplanetnymi civilizacijami.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=6}} Glavny heroj ili herojinja (to izbiraje igrač) igry komander Šepard dobyvaje status Spektra — specialnogo soldata na služenju galaktičnoj rady-sověta Citadely, i so svojim odredom pošeti različne mesta i zvezdne sistemy galaktiky. V 2008 lětu za igru izdali dodatny kontent pod nazvoju ''{{-|Bring Down the Sky}}'',<ref name=":10">{{Cite web| url = http://pc.gamespy.com/pc/bioware-rpg/894639p1.html| title = Free Downloadable Content Now Available for Mass Effect PC| date = July 29, 2008|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080802190447/http://pc.gamespy.com/pc/bioware-rpg/894639p1.html|archive-date=2008-08-08}}</ref> v ktorom potrebno bylo spasati planetu Tera Nova od asteroida {{-|X57}} i teroristov.<ref name=":11">{{Cite web| url = https://www.ign.com/articles/2008/02/25/mass-effect-bring-down-the-sky-interview| title = Mass Effect: Bring Down the Sky Interview| date = February 25, 2008| first = Erik| last = Brudvig|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130216182140/http://www.ign.com/articles/2008/02/25/mass-effect-bring-down-the-sky-interview|archive-date=2013-02-16}}</ref> V 2009 lětu za igru izdali dodatny kontent pod nazvoju ''{{-|Pinnacle Station}}'', ktory dodaval nekoliko zadanij, a takože možnost dobyti v nagradu apartamenty.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.eurogamer.net/me-pinnacle-station-dlc-detailed| title = New Mass Effect DLC detailed| date = August 24, 2009| first = Robert| last = Purchese|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128113544/https://www.eurogamer.net/me-pinnacle-station-dlc-detailed|archive-date=2022-11-28}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite web| url = https://gamemag.ru/news/44026/mass-effect-dopolnenie-pinnacle-station-dostupno-v-xbox-live| title = Mass Effect: Дополнение "Pinnacle Station" доступно в Xbox Live| date = August 24, 2009| last = livesaifer|lang=ru|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260731230912/https://gamemag.ru/news/44026/mass-effect-dopolnenie-pinnacle-station-dostupno-v-xbox-live|archive-date=2026-07-31}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.gamespot.com/articles/new-mass-effect-dlc-avatar-items-now-available/1100-6216123/| title = New Mass Effect DLC, avatar items now available. UPDATE Microsoft releases Pinnacle Station, a 13-mission, two-to-three-hour add-on to the popular Xbox 360 role-playing game; Mass Effect outfits hit Marketplace en masse.| date = August 25, 2009| first = Tor| last = Thorsen|lang=en}}</ref><ref name=":13">{{Cite web| url = https://www.ign.com/articles/2009/08/25/mass-effect-pinnacle-station-review| title = Mass Effect: Pinnacle Station Review| date = August 25, 2009| first = Erik| last = Brudvig|lang=en}}</ref> Dalje byli izdane igry {{-|[[Mass Effect 2]]}} v 2010 lětu i {{-|[[Mass Effect 3]]}} v 2012,<ref name=":4" /> ktore stvorili trilogiju o komanderu Šepardu. V 2021 leto igra byla obnovjena v svezku izdanja {{-|[[Mass Effect: Legendary Edition]]}}.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://news.ea.com/press-releases/press-releases-details/2021/Relive-the-Award-Winning-Space-Opera-in-Mass-Effect-Legendary-Edition-on-May-14/default.aspx| title = Relive the Award-Winning Space Opera in Mass Effect Legendary Edition on May 14| date = February 2, 2021|lang=en}}</ref> == Gejmplej == ''{{-|Mass Effect}} '' — je igra v žanru {{-|action-rpg}} za jednogo igrača, v ktoroj igrač upravjaje komanderom Šepardom ({{Jezyky|en|Commander Shepard}}) s pogledom od tretjego lica. Pred početkom igry potrebno izbrati ime igrača (ktoro na igrovy svet ne vlijaje), pol, izgled, jedin iz nekoliko variantov predhistorije, igrovy klas-specialnost. {{sfn|Manual|2008|p=7-9}} Za izbor dostupne sut 6 klasov. Každy klas imaje svoju specialnost v oružju i sposobnostah.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=8}} Igrač i učestniki odreda mogut orudovati vsakym oružjem, ale efektivnost togo zavisi od klasa i parametrov každogo.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=8}} Na kosmičnom korabu igrača dostupna je karta galaktiky, s pomočju ktoroj igrač može premeščati se po svetu. V galaktikě sut grupy-skupiny zvezd, v ktoryh sut zvezdne sistemy, v ktoryh už sut planety i kosmične stancije. Za premeščenije medžu grupami zvezd potrebno upotrebjati retranslatory masy ({{Jezyky|en|Mass-Relay}}).{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=14-15}} Kosmičny korab igrača imaje nazvu "Normandija" ({{Jezyky|en|Normandy SR-1}}) — to je esperimentalny korab, ktory stvorili naučniki Aliansa sistem ({{Jezyky|en|Systems Alliance}}) v koperacije s turianskymi ({{Jezyky|en|turians}}) specialistami. Toj korab upotrebjaje se igračem za putovanje medžu planetami i zvezdami s pomočju interaktivnoj karty. Na korabu irač može govoriti s ljudami-služebnikami koraba (medikami, inženjerami) i učestnikami svojego odreda. Na planetah i stancijah igrač izpolnjaje zadanja-operacije, kvesty i vzajemodejstvuje s {{-|NPC}}.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=10-11}} Po završenju-koncu zadanij igrač dobyvaje specialne pointy, ktore dozvoljajut razvivati sposobnosti, dobyvaje predmety za inventar. Inventar imaje razmer v 150 elementov-predmetov. Nepotrebne predmety možno prodati, utilizirovati v omni-gel, ktory je potreben za otkrytje zamkov i remonta vsekdehoda "Mako".{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=22}} Vsekdehod "Mako" možno upotrebjati na planetah za preměščenje na velike distancije i strěljbu po neprijateljam. Takože vsekdehod je pomočen na nektoryh zlyh planetah, na ktoryh okolična pogoda jest škodliva dlja odreda.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=26}} A na kosmičnyh stancijah i planetah možno kupiti različne predmety kako oružje, bronju i dodatne ulepšenja. === Bojeva sistema === Boji idut v realnom času. Igrač upravjaje Šepardom od tretjego lica. V odredu igrača takože je jedino dva personaža, ktorymi upravjaje kompjuter i ktorym može davati komandy igrač, naprimer: atakovati neprijatelja, zajeti ukrytje i tako dalje.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=16-17}} V čas boja igrač može otkryti taktično menju, ktoro stopuje igru i v ktorom možno smeniti oružje, ukazati koju sposobnost upotrebiti (kako Šepardu tako i učestnikam odreda). Každa sposobnost imaje svoju meru-vreme za obnovjene posle každogo upotrebjenja.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=16-17}} Oružje igrača ne trebuje naboja, jednako dost silna streljba može pregreti oružje i nektoro vreme nemožno bude streljati. To trebuje delati pauzu medžu streljanjem. V igrě sut 4 tipov oružja: pistolety, pompovky, vintovky, snajperske ružja i granaty.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=18-19}} Bronja takože različna: legka, sredna, težka. Vsaka bronja imaje različne specializacije i sposobnosti. Takože može byti ograničenje v zavisnosti od klasa igrača ili učestnika odreda. Takože je razlika medžu civilizacijami: ljudi i azari ({{Jezyky|en|asari}}) mogut nositi jednu bronju, turianci imajut svoju bronju, krogani ({{Jezyky|en|krogans}}) svoju.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=20-21}} Akoli gibnut učestniki odreda, to ih možno lečiti s pomočju medi-gela, akoli gibne igrač, to treba restartovati igru od poslednego shranjenja. === Dialogova sistema === Igrač izbiraje varianty za odgovor s pomočju dialogovogo kolesa ({{Jezyky|en|dialogue wheel}}).{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=10-11}} Obyčajno, ale ne vsegda, v pravoj vrhnoj straně sut rečenja heroja-paragona, a v pravoj nižnej-dolnoj straně sut rečenja odstupnika-renegata. Rečenja heroja sut sinjego cveta-kolora, a odstupnika-renegata črvenogo. V levoj straně kolesa sut varianty rečenja, ktore mogut zapytati nekojego {{-|NPC}} o predmetě govorenja. Herojske-paragonske rečenja dodajut igraču pointy heroja, a odstupničske-renegatske dajut pointy renegata. Te pointy dajut nove varianty dejanij v različne momenty igry. Te varianty mogut dati dodatnu informaciju, izbegti boja, spasti nekojego.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=24}} == Sjužet == === Igrovy svet === Dejanje tutoj igry ide v [[Mlěčny put|Mlěčnom putu]] v 22 stoletju. Človečstvo spoznalo letanja v kosmosu s pomočju nulevogo elementa i mas-retranslatorov ({{Jezyky|en|mass relays}}). Retranslatory směnšajut masu-težinu korabov do nula i s pomočju togo koraby kako by teleportujut se{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=6}}. Krome človečstva v galaktikě sut množstva drugyh inoplanetnyh civilizacij, nektora čest kojih stvorila specialny Sovět na kosmičnoj stanciji Citadel. Osnovne civilizacije sut azari ({{Jezyky|en|asari}}), turianci ({{Jezyky|en|turians}}) i salarianci ({{Jezyky|en|salarians}})<ref>{{-|[[BioWare]]}}. {{-|Mass Effect}} (2007). Igrovy Kodeks: "Inoplanetjani: Rasy v Sovetě Citadely" ({{Jezyky|en|Aliens: Council Races}}).</ref>. Nektore civilizacije sut prědstavjene na Citadelě s pomočju ambasad: volusi ({{Jezyky|en|voluses}}), hanari ({{Jezyky|en|hanars}}), elkori ({{Jezyky|en|elcors}}), a takože ljudi<ref>{{-|[[BioWare]]}}. {{-|Mass Effect}} (2007). Igrovy Kodeks: "Inoplanetjani: Rasy ne v Sovetě Citadely" ({{Jezyky|en|Aliens: Non-Council Races}}).</ref>. Takože sut nektore civilizacije, ktore živut vne Citadelskogo prostora: krogani ({{Jezyky|en|krogans}}), batarianci ({{Jezyky|en|batarians}}), kvarianci ({{Jezyky|en|quarians}}). Vse životne civilizacije v igrě imajut nazvu ''organične'', a robotove civilizacije, kako gety ({{Jezyky|en|geths}}) i Žnecy ({{Jezyky|en|Reapers}}) ''sintetične''. Člověčstvo prvy raz strětilo se s inymi civilizacijami (turiancami) v 2149 lětu i ta strěča počela se kako vojna, ktora skoro završila se. Ljudi izšli v novy sektor kosmosa s pomočju retranslatora, ale zakon Citadele ne dozvoljaje aktivirovati nerazvedane retranslatory; zamesto govorenja turianci izničtožili prve koraby ljudij i to dejanje stalo pričinoju vojny.<ref name=":17">[[BioWare]]. {{-|Mass Effect}} (2007). Igrovy Kodeks: "Človečstvo i Alians Sistem" ({{Jezyky|en|Humanity and the Systems Alliance}}).</ref> Potom človečstvo dobylo svoje město v galaktičnom sociumu posle nektoryh drugyh dejanij<ref name=":17" />. Na moment početka igry komander Šepard potreben byl stati prvym človekom Spektrom. Spektri sut specialni ljudi, u kojih administracija je Sovět Citadele<ref>{{-|[[BioWare]]}}. {{-|Mass Effect}} (2007). Igrovy Kodeks: "Citadel i Galaktičska vlada" ({{Jezyky|en|Citadel and Galactic Government}}).</ref>. === Personaži === ==== Šepard ==== Glavny personaž igry je komander Šepard ({{Jezyky|en|Shepard}}). V zavisnosti od igrača Šepard može byti žena ili muž. Standardno mužsko ime je Džon ({{Jezyky|en|John}}), a žensko Džejn ({{Jezyky|en|Jane}}). Prědhistorija Šeparda takože izbiraje se igračem: {| class="wikitable" |+Varianty biografije Šeparda{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=7-9}} ! colspan="2" |Do armije |- |Kolonist ({{Jezyky|en|colonist}}) |Dětinstvo Šeparda bylo na kolonije Mindoir. Koloniju atakovali sut piraty-rabotrgovci i ubili jegovyh roditeljev. Šeparda vzeli k sobe dozorny patrol Aliansa. Kogda Šepardu stalo 18 let, on pošel v armiju Aliansa. |- |Rodženi na Zemji ({{Jezyky|en|Earthborn}}) |Šepard byl sirota i jegovo dětinstvo prošlo v uličnyh bandah. Kogda Šepardu stalo 18 let, on pošel v armiju. |- |Kosmičnik ({{Jezyky|en|Spacer}}) |Roditelji Šeparda sut vojskovi ljudi. Vse dětinstvo Šepard byl na kosmičnyh korabah. Potom zapisal se v armiju Aliansa. |- ! colspan="2" |V čas služenja v armije |- |Heroj vojny ({{Jezyky|en|War Hero}}) |V čas služenja na člověčskoj koloniji Elizium ({{Jezyky|en|Elysium}}) bojeval protiv piratov, kojih bylo mnogo, odbivši ataku. |- |Izživši ({{Jezyky|en|Sole Survivor}}) |Na planetě Akuza ({{Jezyky|en|Akuze}}) odred Šeparda byl atakovan velikym inoplanetnym životnym i byl cělo izničtoženy. Ostal jedino Šepard. |- |Ljuty ({{Jezyky|en|Ruthless}}) |Na planetě Torfan ({{Jezyky|en|Torfan}}) Šepard izgubil 3/4 svojego odreda, ale izpolnil zadanje, a takože izničil vsih neprijatelskyh piratov-batariancev. |} Mužsky glas Šeparda dal aktor {{-|[[Mark Meer]]}}<ref name=":18">[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1073668/fullcredits/?ref_=tt_cst_sm#amzn1.imdb.concept.name_credit_group.7caf7d16-5db9-4f4f-8864-d4c6e711c686 Mass Effect (Video Game 2007) - Full cast] na [[IMDb]]</ref>. Žensky glas Šeparda dala aktrisa {{-|[[Jennifer Hale]]}}<ref name=":18" />. ==== Ekipa Normandije ==== ===== Džef Džoker Moro ===== Džef Džoker Moro ({{Jezyky|en|Jeff Joker Moreau}}) — je profesionalny pilot Normandije. Imaje veliku problemu s kostami, one sut slabe. Glas jemu dal aktor {{-|[[Seth Benjamin Gesshel Green]]}}<ref>[https://www.mobygames.com/person/266203/seth-b-green/credits/ Seth B. Green - Video Game Credits - MobyGames], "Mass Effect (2007, Xbox 360) Jeff “Joker” Moreau"</ref><ref name=":18" />. ===== Greg Adams ===== Greg Adams ({{Jezyky|en|Greg Adams}}) — je glavny inženjer Normandije. On rabotaje v inženjernoj sekciji koraba. Glas jemu dal aktor {{-|[[Roger Labon Jackson]]}}<ref>[https://www.mobygames.com/person/1179/roger-labon-jackson/credits/ Roger Labon Jackson - Video Game Credits - MobyGames], "Mass Effect (2007, Xbox 360) Additional Voices"</ref><ref name=":18" />. ===== Karin Čakvas ===== Karin Čakvas ({{Jezyky|en|Karin Chakwas}}) — je glavna doktorka Normandije. Glas jej dala aktrisa {{-|[[Carolyn Seymour]]}}<ref>[https://www.mobygames.com/person/17150/carolyn-seymour/credits/ Carolyn Seymour - Video Game Credits - MobyGames], "Mass Effect (2007, Xbox 360) Additional Voices"</ref><ref name=":18" />. ==== Osnovne učestniki odreda ==== ===== Ričard Dženkins ===== Ričard Dženkins ({{Jezyky|en|Richard L. Jenkins}}) — soldat Aliansa. Imaje klas i sposobnosti soldata. Jegovo ime i historija v igrě imaje svez s mem-personažem Lirojem Dženkinsom. Glas jemu dal aktor {{-|[[George Joshua Christian Dean]]}}<ref>[https://www.mobygames.com/person/122414/josh-dean/credits/ Josh  Dean - Video Game Credits - MobyGames], "Mass Effect (2007, Xbox 360) Additional Voices"</ref><ref name=":18" />. ===== Kajdan Alenko ===== Kajdan Alenko ({{Jezyky|en|Kaidan Alenko}}) — lejtenant-poručnik, a takože biotik. Kako igrovy personaž imaje sposobnosti-specializaciju biotika. On je vozmožny romantičsky interes Šeparda-ženy. Glas jemu dal aktor {{-|[[Raphael Sbarge]]}}<ref>[https://www.mobygames.com/person/9258/raphael-sbarge/credits/ Raphael Sbarge - Video Game Credits - MobyGames], "Mass Effect (Xbox 360) Kaidan Alenko"</ref><ref name=":18" />. ===== Ešli Viljams ===== Ešli Viljams ({{Jezyky|en|Ashley Medelin Williams}}) — kosmična pěhotnica Aliansa. Igrač strěčaje ju v prvoj misiji igry. Ona je možnym romantičskym interesom Šeparda-muža. Glas jej dala aktrisa {{-|[[Kimberly Brooks]]}}<ref name=":18" />. ===== Urdnot Reks ===== Urdnot Reks ({{Jezyky|en|Urdnot Wrex}}) — krogan-biotik. Šepard strěčaje jego na Citadeli. Reks imaje praktično obče celji s Šepardom i ide pomogati jemu. Glas jemu dal aktor {{-|[[Steven Barr]]}}<ref name=":18" />. ===== Liara T'Soni ===== Liara T'Soni ({{Jezyky|en|Liara T’Soni}}) — je azarijska naučnica, a takože biotička, koja zajmaje se ksenoarheologijeju. Šepard strěčaje ju v jednoj iz misij igry, po ktoroj ona ide pomogati jemu. Ona je možnym romantičskym interesom za Šepardov obohdvoh polov. Glas jej dala aktrisa {{-|[[Ali Hillis]]}}<ref name=":18" />. ===== Garus Vakarian ===== Garus Vakarian ({{Jezyky|en|Garrus Vakarian}}) — je turianec, ktori rabotaje v službe bezpečnosti Citadele. Posle něktoryh činov od strany administracije služby bezpečnosti Citadele on odhodi odovud i prisjedinjaje se k odredu Šeparda, daby pomogti jemu. Glas jemu dal aktor {{-|[[Brandon James Keener]]}}<ref name=":18" />. ===== Tali Zora ===== Tali Zora ({{Jezyky|en|Tali'Zorah}}) — je kvarianka-tehnička, ktora byla atakovana v čas svojego putovanja něktorymi osobami. Ona imaje něktore silne dokazy o dělah, ktore sut svezany s cěljem raboty Šeparda. Glas jej dala aktrisa {{-|[[Ash Sroka]]}}<ref name=":18" />. ==== Antagonisti ==== ===== Saren Arterius ===== Saren Arterius ({{Jezyky|en|Saren Arterius}}) — je turianec-Spektr, ktory skooperiroval se s getami zaradi někakyh svojih cěljev i jest jedin iz glavnyh antagonistov igry. Glas jemu dal aktor {{-|[[Fred Tatasciore]]}}<ref name=":18" />. == Dodatne epizody ({{-|DLC}}) == Dlja ''{{-|Mass Effect}}'' je bylo izdano 2 {{-|DLC}}: ''{{-|Bring Down the Sky}}'' v marcu 2008 lěta, ''{{-|Pinnacle Station}}'' v avgustu 2009 lěta. V 2012 leto {{-|DLC}} ''{{-|Bring Down the Sky}}'' bylo izdano za {{-|[[PlayStation 3]]}}<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" />, ale ''{{-|Pinnacle Station}}'' izdan ne byl. {| class="wikitable" style="width: 100%;" |- style="text-align: center;" ! rowspan="2" style="width:40%;" |Nazva ! colspan="3" |Data izdanja |- ! style="width:20%;" |{{-|Xbox 360}} ! style="width:20%;" |{{-|Microsoft Windows}} ! style="width:20%;" |{{-|PlayStation 3}} |- | colspan="4" bgcolor="#e6e9ff" | |- align="center" bgcolor="#f2f2f2" | * {{Jezyky|en|Bring Down the Sky}} * {{Jezyky|de|Kollisionskurs}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.eurogamer.de/mass-effect-x57-dlc-kollisionskurs|title=Mass Effect: X57 DLC: Kollisionskurs|date=2008|first=Benjamin|last=Jakobs|lang=de}}</ref><ref name=":14">[https://www.mobygames.com/game/58908/mass-effect/credits/ps3/ MobyGames | Mass Effect Credits Bring Down the Sky: Keywords International Ltd.] </ref> * {{Jezyky|pl|Bring Down the Sky}}<ref name=":14" /> * {{Jezyky|fr|Turbulences à 900 000 Pieds}}<ref name=":14" /><ref>[https://www.gamekult.com/jeux/mass-effect-turbulences-a-900-000-pieds-3010006267.html www.gamekult.com - Mass Effect : Turbulences à 900.000 pieds]</ref> * {{Jezyky|ru|Гибель с небес}}<ref>[https://piper.old-games.ru/project/snowball_ru/www.snowball.ru/me/ Snowball Studios | Mass Effect: Золотое издание] </ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=December 30, 2008 |title="Mass Effect: Гибель с небес". Качаем |url=https://www.cnews.ru/news/line/mass_effect_gibel_s_nebes_kachaem |url-status=live|language=ru}}</ref> * {{Jezyky|it|Impatto imminente}}<ref name=":14" /><ref>[https://www.xbox.com/it-IT/games/store/impatto-imminente-en/BVTTSL5Q7D24 <nowiki>Xbox.com | Impatto imminente [EN]</nowiki>]</ref> |20 marca 2008 lěta |28 maja 2008 lěta<ref name=":10" /> |4 dekembra 2012 lěta<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ixbt.games/news/ps3-versiya-mass-effect-trilogy-v-dekabre.html|title=PS3-версия Mass Effect Trilogy в декабре|date=November 2, 2012|lang=ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2012/12/10/mass-effect-ps3-review|title=Mass Effect PS3 Review|date=December 10, 2012|first=Colin|last=Moriarty|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121212174118/http://www.ign.com/articles/2012/12/10/mass-effect-ps3-review|archive-date=December 12, 2012|lang=en}}</ref> |- | colspan="4" style="border: none; vertical-align: top;" | V {{-|DLC}} jedno zadanje, v ktorom piraty-batarianci ({{Jezyky|en|batarians}}) hčut skydnuti asteroid {{-|X57}} na planetu Tera Nova ({{Jezyky|en|Terra Nova}})<ref name=":11" />. |- | colspan="4" bgcolor="#e6e9ff" | |- align="center" bgcolor="#f2f2f2" |{{Jezyky|en|Pinnacle Station}} |25 avgusta 2009 lěta<ref name=":12" /> |25 avgusta 2009 lěta |nema |- | colspan="4" style="border: none; vertical-align: top;" | To vtoro {{-|DLC}} dodaje trenovačnu kosmičnu stanciju. Jejny komandir je admiral Ahern ({{Jezyky|en|Tadius Ahern}}). Igrač može trenovati se na stancije v simulatoru, ktory imaje 12 scenarijev i bonusny scenarij, ktory simuliruje jedin boj iz Vojny Prvogo Kontakta ({{Jezyky|en|First Contact War}}). Akoli završiti bonusny scenarij, igrač dobyvaje v dar apartamenty na planetě Intajsej ({{Jezyky|en|Intai'sei}}), v ktoryh igrač može kupiti redke predmety za dost malu cenu, ktora je vo mnogo raz niže, neželi v magazinah<ref name=":13" />. |} == Muzika == Muzikalne kompozicije stvorjal [[Jack Wall|Džek Vol]]{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=32}}<ref name=":9">[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1073668/fullcredits/?ref_=tt_cst_sm#amzn1.imdb.concept.name_credit_category.00f5faa0-5f76-4eb5-87a1-ec8d484d1779 Mass Effect (Video Game 2007) - Full cast & crew | Composers] na {{-|[[IMDb]]}}</ref>, ktory do ''{{-|Mass Effect}}'' stvoril saundtrek dlja igry {{-|[[Jade Empire]]}} 2005-go lěta i ktoru takože stvorila {{-|[[BioWare]]}}<ref>[https://www.discogs.com/master/698381-Jack-Wall-Jade-Empire-Original-Video-Game-Soundtrack Jack Wall - Jade Empire (Original Video Game Soundtrack)] na [[Discogs]]</ref><ref>[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0455965/fullcredits/?ref_=tt_cst_sm#amzn1.imdb.concept.name_credit_category.00f5faa0-5f76-4eb5-87a1-ec8d484d1779 Jade Empire (Video Game 2005) - Full cast & crow | Composer] na {{-|[[IMDb]]}}</ref>. 20 novembra 2007-go lěta label {{-|[[Sumthing Else]]}} izdal album ''{{-|Mass Effect Original Game Soundtrack}}''<ref name=":5">{{Cite web| url = https://vgmdb.net/album/5380| title = Mass Effect Original Soundtrack| date = November 13, 2007|lang=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.gamesindustry.biz/sumthing-else-music-works-announces-release-of-the-mass-effect-original-soundtrack-from-the-blockbuster-xbox-360r-video-game| title = Sumthing Else Music Works Announces Release Of The Mass Effect Original Soundtrack From The Blockbuster Xbox 360(R) Video Game| date = November 19, 2007|lang=en}}</ref>, ktory sodržal v sobě 37 kompozicij iz igry (obča dolgota 1 čas i 15 minut), a takože kompoziciju iz albuma {{-|[[M4 (muzikalny album)|M4]]}} kanadskoj {{-|[[indie-rock]]}} grupy {{-|[[Faunts (muzikalna grupa)|Faunts]]}}, ktora zvuči v igrě pri finalnyh titrah<ref name=":5" />. 13 novembra 2012-go lěta label {{-|[[FUNimation]]}} izdal album ''{{-|Mass Effect Paragon Lost Original Motion Picture Soundtrack}}'', s dolgotoju 1 čas i 9 minut, ktory sodržal v sobě 27 kompozicij iz [[anime]]-seriala {{-|[[Mass Effect: Paragon Lost]]}}<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/press-release/2012-11-08/mass-effect/paragon-lost-animated-film-score-composed-by-joshua-r-mosley-and-david-kates| title = Mass Effect: Paragon Lost Animated FIlm Score Composed by Joshua R. Mosley and David Kates| date = November 8, 2012|lang=en}}</ref>. {| class="wikitable" |+Spisok kompozicij iz {{-|Mass Effect}}<ref name=":5" /> !№ !Nazva !Avtori !Dolgost |- | align="center" |1 | align="left" |{{-|Mass Effect Theme}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |02:21:00 |- | align="center" |2 | align="left" |{{-|The Normandy}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:35:00 |- | align="center" |3 | align="left" |{{-|Eden Prime}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:34:00 |- | align="center" |4 | align="left" |{{-|Battle At Eden Prime}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:23:00 |- | align="center" |5 | align="left" |{{-|Saren}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |02:00:00 |- | align="center" |6 | align="left" |{{-|The Citadel}} | align="left" |{{-|Richard Jacques, Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:45:00 |- | align="center" |7 | align="left" |{{-|The Presidium}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:32:00 |- | align="center" |8 | align="left" |{{-|The Wards}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |03:14:00 |- | align="center" |9 | align="left" |{{-|Criminal Elements}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:56:00 |- | align="center" |10 | align="left" |{{-|Spectre Induction}} | align="left" |{{-|Richard Jacques, Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:55:00 |- | align="center" |11 | align="left" |{{-|Liara's World}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |02:35:00 |- | align="center" |12 | align="left" |{{-|A Very Dangerous Place}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |02:40:00 |- | align="center" |13 | align="left" |{{-|Feros}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:34:00 |- | align="center" |14 | align="left" |{{-|Protecting The Colony}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:56:00 |- | align="center" |15 | align="left" |{{-|The Thorian}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |03:12:00 |- | align="center" |16 | align="left" |{{-|Noveria}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |02:14:00 |- | align="center" |17 | align="left" |{{-|The Secret Labs}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |02:39:00 |- | align="center" |18 | align="left" |{{-|The Alien Queen}} | align="left" |{{-|Richard Jacques, Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:44:00 |- | align="center" |19 | align="left" |{{-|Fatal Confrontation}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:09:00 |- | align="center" |20 | align="left" |{{-|Saren's Base}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:37:00 |- | align="center" |21 | align="left" |{{-|Breeding Ground}} | align="left" |{{-|Richard Jacques, Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |03:47:00 |- | align="center" |22 | align="left" |{{-|Virmire Ride}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:41:00 |- | align="center" |23 | align="left" |{{-|Exit}} | align="left" |{{-|Richard Jacques, Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:54:00 |- | align="center" |24 | align="left" |{{-|Love Theme}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:54:00 |- | align="center" |25 | align="left" |{{-|Uncharted Worlds}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:16:00 |- | align="center" |26 | align="left" |{{-|Ilos}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:39:00 |- | align="center" |27 | align="left" |{{-|Vigil}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:44:00 |- | align="center" |28 | align="left" |{{-|Sovereign's Theme}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:19:00 |- | align="center" |29 | align="left" |{{-|Uplink}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:12:00 |- | align="center" |30 | align="left" |{{-|Battling Saren}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:38:00 |- | align="center" |31 | align="left" |{{-|In Pursuit Of Saren}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:37:00 |- | align="center" |32 | align="left" |{{-|Infusion}} | align="left" |{{-|Richard Jacques, Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:30:00 |- | align="center" |33 | align="left" |{{-|Final Assault}} | align="left" |{{-|Richard Jacques, Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |02:02:00 |- | align="center" |34 | align="left" |{{-|Victory}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |00:51:00 |- | align="center" |35 | align="left" |{{-|From The Wreckage}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:54:00 |- | align="center" |36 | align="left" |{{-|The End (Reprise)}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:10:00 |- | align="center" |37 | align="left" |{{-|M4 Part II (Faunts)}} | align="left" |{{-|Faunts}} | align="center" |08:18:00 |} == Anons i izdanje == {{Sistemne trěbovanja|useminandrec=1|platform1=Osobne kompjutery|os1={{-|[[Windows XP]]}} i {{-|[[Windows Vista]]}}|os1rec={{-|[[Windows XP]]}} i vyše|cpu1=2,4 {{-|GHz|ГГц}} {{-|[[Intel]]}} ili 2,0 {{-|GHz|ГГц}} {{-|[[AMD]]}}|cpu1rec=2,6 {{-|GHz|ГГц}} {{-|Intel}} ili 2,4 {{-|GHz|ГГц}} {{-|AMD}} i vyše|gpu1=|gpu1rec=|memory1=1 [[Gigabajt|Gb]] {{-|[[RAM]]}} ({{-|XP}})/2 Gb {{-|RAM}} ({{-|Vista}})|memory1rec=2 Gb {{-|RAM}} i vyše|hdspace1=12 Gb|hdspace1rec=12 Gb i vyše|media1=|media1rec=|display1={{-|[[Nvidia GeForce|Nvidia GeForce 6]]}} ({{-|6800GT}} ili lepje) ili / {{-|[[ATI Radeon]]}} {{-|1300XT}} s poddržkoj šajder-modely 3.0|display1rec={{-|[[GeForce]]}} 7900 {{-|GTX}} / {{-|[[ATI Radeon]]}} {{-|X1800 XL}} i vyše|network1=|network1rec=|sound1=Sumestima-kompatibilna s {{-|DirectX 9.0}} sumestima [[zvukova karta]]|sound1rec=Sumestima-kopmatibilna {{-|DirectX 9.0}} s i vyše sumestima [[zvukova karta]]|input1=|input1rec=}} Igra oficialno byla anonsovana je na {{-|[[Xbox show]]}} v [[Amsterdam|Amsterdamu]] 4 oktobra 2005-go lěta.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.ign.com/articles/2005/10/04/x05-mass-effect-eyes-on| title = X05: Mass Effect: Eyes-On| date = October 4, 2005| first = Charles| last = Onyett|lang=en}}</ref> V maju 2006-go lěta demonstracijna versija igry byla prědstavjena na {{-|[[Electronic Entertainment Expo]]}} i dobyla {{-|[[Game Critics Awards]]}} kak najlěpša roljeva igra.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.gamespot.com/articles/e3-06-mass-effect-impressions/1100-6150171/| title = E3 06: Mass Effect Impressions| date = May 11, 2006| first = Greg| last = Mueller|lang=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.ign.com/articles/2006/05/10/e3-2006-mass-effect-impressions| title = E3 2006: Mass Effect Impressions| date = May 10, 2006| first = Charles| last = Onyett|lang=en}}</ref> Novy gejmplej byl pokazan je v septembru 2006-go lěta na {{-|[[Xbox show]]}} v {{-|[[Barselona|Barseloně]]}}.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.gamesindustry.biz/microsoft-announces-x06| title = Microsoft Announces X06| date = June 22, 2006|lang=en}}</ref> V marcu 2007-go lěta gejmplej byl pokazan je cěly čas v [[San-Francisko]] na {{-|[[Game Developeres Conference]]}}.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.ign.com/articles/2007/03/07/gdc-2007-mass-effect-the-first-hour| title = GDC 2007: Mass Effect - The First Hour| date = March 7, 2007| first = Hilary| last = Goldstein| first2 = Erik| last2 = Brudvig|lang=en}}</ref> Povtorno igra byla pokazana na {{-|Electronic Entertainment Expo}} v juliju 2007-go lěta.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CItElYfc47g| title = Live from the Santa Monica Pier! Mass Effect Stage Demo| date = July 19, 2007|lang=en}}</ref> V avgustu 2007-go lěta byla pokazana na {{-|[[Games Convention]]}} v [[Leipzig|{{-|Leipzigu|Леjпцигу}}]].<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.gamesindustry.biz/critically-acclaimed-rpg-mass-effect-begins-epic-journey-on-23rd-november-2007| title = Critically-Acclaimed RPG "Mass Effect" Begins Epic Journey on 23rd November 2007| date = August 31, 2007|lang=en}}</ref> V izdanje igra šla 20 novembra 2007-go lěta.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://news.microsoft.com/source/2007/11/20/gamer-excitement-reaches-galactic-proportions-as-mass-effect-touches-down-today-on-retail-shelves-in-north-america/| title = Gamer Excitement Reaches Galactic Proportions as “Mass Effect” Touches Down Today on Retail Shelves in North America| date = November 20, 2007|lang=en}}</ref> == Recenzije == {| class="wikitable" | rowspan="2" align="center" |'''Izdanje''' | colspan="3" align="center" |'''Ocěnka''' |- | align="center" |'''{{-|[[Osobny kompjuter|PC]]}}''' | align="center" |'''{{-|[[PlayStation 3|PS3]]}}''' | align="center" |'''{{-|[[Xbox 360]]}}''' |- | align="left" |{{-|[[GameRankings]]}} | align="left" |89,70 %<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gamerankings.com/pc/944902-mass-effect/index.html|title=Mass Effect for PC|publisher={{-|[[GameRankings]]}}|access-date=2019-12-09|language=en|archive-date=2019-12-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191209015645/https://www.gamerankings.com/pc/944902-mass-effect/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> | align="left" |82,00 %<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gamerankings.com/ps3/689056-mass-effect/index.html|title=Mass Effect PlayStation 3|date=2016-10-05|publisher={{-|[[GameRankings]]}}|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121213034250/http://www.gamerankings.com/ps3/689056-mass-effect/index.html|archive-date=2012-12-13|lang=en}}</ref> | align="left" |91,24 %<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gamerankings.com/xbox360/930279-mass-effect/index.html|title=Mass Effect for Xbox 360|publisher={{-|[[GameRankings]]}}|access-date=2019-12-09|language=en|archive-date=2019-12-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191209013328/https://www.gamerankings.com/xbox360/930279-mass-effect/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[Metacritic]]}} | align="left" |89/100<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.metacritic.com/game/pc/mass-effect|title=Mass Effect (PC)|date=2012-04-24|publisher={{-|[[Metacritic]]}}|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100821111555/http://www.metacritic.com/game/pc/mass-effect|archive-date=2010-08-21|lang=en}}</ref> | align="left" |85/100<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.metacritic.com/game/playstation-3/mass-effect|title=Mass Effect (PlayStation 3)|date=2016-10-05|publisher={{-|[[Metacritic]]}}|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121118033542/http://www.metacritic.com/game/playstation-3/mass-effect|archive-date=2012-11-18|lang=en}}</ref> | align="left" |91/100<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.metacritic.com/game/xbox-360/mass-effect|title=Mass Effect (Xbox 360)|date=2012-04-24|publisher={{-|[[Metacritic]]}}|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100817013510/http://www.metacritic.com/game/xbox-360/mass-effect|archive-date=2010-08-17|lang=en}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[1UP.com]]}} | align="left" |A-<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.1up.com/reviews/mass-effect-review|title=Mass Effect PC Review |author=Thierry Nguyen |date=2008-06-17 |lang=en |work={{-|[[1UP.com]]}}|access-date=2012-04-25 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/68iFKqDnr?url=http://www.1up.com/reviews/mass-effect-review|archive-date=2012-06-26 }}</ref> | align="left" | - | align="left" |A<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.1up.com/reviews/mass-effect |title=Mass Effect (XBOX 360) |author=Jennifer Tsao|date=2007-11-19 |work={{-|[[1UP.com]}} |lang=en |access-date=2012-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120605212422/http://www.1up.com/reviews/mass-effect|archive-date=2012-06-05}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[Computer and Video Games|CVG]]}} | align="left" |9,2/10<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.computerandvideogames.com/190267/reviews/mass-effect-review/ |title=Mass Effect PC Review |lang=en |work={{-|[[Computer and Video Games]]}}|author=Ed Zitron|date=2008-06-04 |access-date=2012-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120312103314/http://www.computerandvideogames.com/190267/reviews/mass-effect-review/|archive-date=2012-03-12}}</ref> | align="left" | - | align="left" |9,0/10<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.computerandvideogames.com/175911/reviews/mass-effect-review/ |title=Mass Effect Xbox Review |lang=en |work={{-|[[Computer and Video Games]]}}|author=Alex Dale|date=2007-11-19 |access-date=2012-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110126035543/http://www.computerandvideogames.com/175911/reviews/mass-effect-review/|archive-date=2011-01-12}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[Edge (žurnal)|Edge]]}} | align="left" |7/10<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.edge-online.com/reviews/mass-effect-review|title=Mass Effect review |lang=en |work={{-|[[Future Publishing]]}}|date=2007-12-02|access-date=2012-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120301013356/http://www.edge-online.com/reviews/mass-effect-review|archive-date=2012-03-01}}</ref> | align="left" | - | align="left" | - |- | align="left" |{{-|[[Eurogamer]]}} | align="left" |8/10<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/mass-effect-review |title=Mass Effect Review |lang=en |work={{-|[[Eurogamer]]}}|author=Kristan Reed|date=2007-11-19|access-date=2012-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111204445/http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/mass-effect-review|archive-date=2009-01-11}}</ref> | align="left" | - | align="left" |8/10<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/mass-effect-review |title=Mass Effect Review |lang=en|work={{-|[[Eurogamer]]}}|author=Kristan Reed|access-date=2012-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111204445/http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/mass-effect-review|archive-date=2009-01-11}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[Game Informer]]}} | align="left" | - | align="left" | - | align="left" |9,75/10<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Andrew Reiner|title=Mass EFfect|work={{-|[[Game Informer]]}}|issue=175|page=151|date=November 2007}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[GamePro]]}} | align="left" | - | align="left" | - | align="left" |4,75/5<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gamepro.com/article/reviews/148788/mass-effect-the-best-rpg-of-2007/ |title=GamePro review |lang=en |work={{-|[[Gamepro]]}} |author=Cameron Lewis|date=2007-11-19|access-date=2009-05-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080921213613/http://www.gamepro.com/article/reviews/148788/mass-effect-the-best-rpg-of-2007/|archive-date=2008-09-21}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[GameSpot]]}} | align="left" |9,0/10<ref>{{cite web|author=Chris Watters|url=http://www.gamespot.com/mass-effect/reviews/mass-effect-review-6191875/|title=Mass Effect Review for PC|lang=en|work={{-|[[GameSpot]]}}|date=2008-05-28|access-date=2012-04-25|archive-date=2012-05-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120501162723/http://www.gamespot.com/mass-effect/reviews/mass-effect-review-6191875/|url-status=live}}</ref> | align="left" | - | align="left" |8,5/10<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gamespot.com/mass-effect/reviews/mass-effect-review-6183119/|title=GameSpot review|lang=en|author=Kevin VanOrd|work={{-|[[GameSpot]]}}|access-date=2012-04-25|archive-date=2012-05-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120501004812/http://www.gamespot.com/mass-effect/reviews/mass-effect-review-6183119/|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[GameSpy]]}} | align="left" |5 zvězd<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pc.gamespy.com/pc/bioware-rpg/877353p1.html|title=GameSpy: Mass Effect|lang=en|work={{-|[[GameSpy]]}}|last=Villoria|first=Gerald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080531073014/http://pc.gamespy.com/pc/bioware-rpg/877353p1.html|archive-date=2008-05-31}}</ref> | align="left" | - | align="left" |5 zvězd<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://xbox360.gamespy.com/xbox-360/mass-effect/836239p1.html|title=Gamespy review |lang=en |work={{-|[[GameSpy]]}}|last=Villoria|first=Gerald |access-date=2009-05-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071120143528/http://xbox360.gamespy.com/xbox-360/mass-effect/836239p1.html|archive-date=2007-11-20}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[GamesRadar (žurnal)|GamesRadar+]]}} | align="left" |9/10 | align="left" | - | align="left" |9/10<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gamesradar.com/mass-effect-12/ |title=Mass Effect review |lang=en |work={{-|[[GamesRadar (žurnal|GamesRadar]]}} |author=Eric Bratcher|access-date=2012-05-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121013070541/http://www.gamesradar.com/mass-effect-review/|archive-date=2012-10-13}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[GameTrailers]]}} | align="left" | - | align="left" | - | align="left" |9,6/10<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.gametrailers.com/gamereview.php?id=2211|title=Mass Effect |website={{-|[[GameTrailers]]}}|access-date=February 22, 2009|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090222082413/http://www.gametrailers.com/gamereview.php?id=2211 |archive-date=February 22, 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[IGN]]}} | align="left" |9,4/10<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2008/05/27/mass-effect-review |title=Mass Effect Review |website={{-|[[IGN]]}}|access-date=October 1, 2016 |author=Jason Ocampo |date=May 27, 2008 |lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140530035846/http://www.ign.com/articles/2008/05/27/mass-effect-review |archive-date=May 30, 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> | align="left" |9,0/10<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2012/12/10/mass-effect-ps3-review |title=Mass Effect PS3 Review |website={{-|[[IGN]]}}|access-date=October 2, 2016 |author=Colin Moriarty |date=December 10, 2012 |lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160129185655/http://www.ign.com/articles/2012/12/10/mass-effect-ps3-review |archive-date=January 29, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> | align="left" |9,4/10<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2007/11/19/mass-effect-review-2 |title=Mass Effect Review |website={{-|[[IGN]]}}|access-date=October 1, 2016 |author=Erik Brudvig |date=November 19, 2007 |lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160924220330/http://www.ign.com/articles/2007/11/19/mass-effect-review-2 |archive-date=September 24, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[Official Xbox Magazine]]}} | align="left" | - | align="left" | - | align="left" |10/10<ref>{{Cite magazine |url=http://www.oxmonline.com/mass-effect-review |title=Mass Effect review |magazine={{-|[[Official Xbox Magazine]]}}|author=Paul Curthoys |date=November 19, 2007 |access-date=October 6, 2011 |lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111006140039/http://www.oxmonline.com/mass-effect-review |archive-date=October 6, 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[3DNews]]}} | align="left" |9,5/10<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.3dnews.ru/games/mass_effect/|title=Mass Effect — покорители вселенной|author=Сапрыкин, Геннадий|date=2008-06-07|access-date=2012-04-24|lang=ru|work={{-|[[3DNews]]}}|archive-date=2012-03-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120307111127/http://www.3dnews.ru/games/mass_effect|url-status=live}}</ref> | align="left" | - | align="left" | - |- | align="left" |{{-|[[Absolute Games]]}} | align="left" |79 %<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ag.ru/games/mass-effect/review |title=Рецензия на Mass Effect |author=Nomad |date=2008-06-15 |access-date=2019-12-12 |lang=ru |work={{-|[[Absolute Games]]}}|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130101061931/https://ag.ru/games/mass-effect/review|archive-date=2013-01-01}}</ref> | align="left" | - | align="left" | - |- | align="left" |{{-|[[PlayGround.ru]]}} | align="left" |8,6/10<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.playground.ru/articles/21303/ |title=Mass Effect. Сны о чем-то большем |author=demigot |date=2008-06-26 |access-date=2012-04-24 |lang=ru |work={{-|[[PlayGround.ru|Playground]]}}|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200812202004/https://www.playground.ru/mass_effect/opinion/mass_effect_sny_o_chem_to_bolshem-421303|archive-date=2020-08-12}}</ref> | align="left" | - | align="left" | - |- | align="left" |{{-|[[Игромания (žurnal)|Игромания]]}} | align="left" |9,5/10<ref>{{Cite web |author=Курган, Георгий |title=Полные рецензии > Mass Effect |url=http://www.igromania.ru/articles/56443/Mass_Effect.htm |work={{-|[[Игромания (žurnal)|Игромания]]}} |year=2008|publisher={{-|Игромедиа}}|lang=ru |archive-date=2012-04-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120411071729/http://www.igromania.ru/articles/56443/Mass_Effect.htm }}</ref> | align="left" | - | align="left" | - |} == Prodolženje-sikvel == Tvorjenje vtoroj igry počelo se v početku 2008-go lěta. {{-|[[Mass Effect 2]]}} byla izdana je 26 januara 2010-go lěta<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.vg247.com/mass-effect-comfirmed-for-january-2010-release-with-preorder-bonus| title = Mass Effect 2 confirmed for January 2010 release with preorder bonus| date = October 16, 2009| first = Stephany| last = Nunneley-Jackson|lang=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.cnews.ru/news/line/mass_effect_2_data_vyhoda| title = Mass Effect 2. Дата выхода| date = October 17, 2009|lang=ru}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web| url = https://gamemag.ru/news/48799/mass-effect-2-stal-pervym-igrovym-blokbasterom-2010-goda| title = Mass Effect 2 стал первым игровым блокбастером 2010 года| date = February 3, 2010| first = Сергей| last = Дьяконенко|lang=ru}}</ref>. Na {{-|PlayStation 3}} igra byla izdana 18 januara 2011-go lěta<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2010/12/09/mass-effect-2-ps3-release-date|title=Mass Effect 2 PS3 Release Date|date=December 9, 2010|first=Jim|last=Reilly|lang=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blog.bioware.com/2010/12/15/mass-effect-2-on-playstation-3-podcast-and-gold-announcement/|title=Mass Effect 2 on Playstation 3 Podcast and Gold Announcement|date=December 15, 2010|first=Evil Chris|last=Priestly|lang=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.ea.com/press-releases/press-releases-details/2011/BioWares-Award-Winning-Mass-Effect-2-Makes-PlayStation-3-Debut-Today/default.aspx|date=January 18, 2011|title=BioWare’s Award-Winning Mass Effect 2 Makes PlayStation 3 Debut Today|lang=en}}</ref>. V {{-|Mass Effect 2}} možno importovati shranjenu igru iz {{-|Mass Effect}} — dejanja iz prvoj igry imajut vliv vo vtoroj<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2009/12/28/mass-effect-2-importing-requires-hard-drive|title=Mass Effect 2 Importing Requires Hard Drive|date=December 28, 2009|first=Jim|last=Reilly|lang=en}}</ref>. == Iztočniky == {{Iztočniky}} == Vnešne linky == * {{-|{{MobyGames|31277/mass-effect/}}}} [[Kategorija:Mass Effect]] [[Kategorija:Kompjuterne igry, ktore stvorila BioWare]] [[Kategorija:Kompjuterne igry, ktore izdala Electronic Arts]] [[Kategorija:Igry za Windows]] [[Kategorija:Igry za Xbox 360]] [[Kategorija:Igry na igromotoru Unreal Engine 3]] [[Kategorija:Igry za PlayStation 3]] [[Kategorija:Videoigry]] 9krvkbtn2crm4i1d4c0cf43bbuqosok 45620 45587 2026-08-13T06:34:31Z Ilja isv 10 45620 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kartka kompjuterna igra |obložka= |nazva = {{-|Mass Effect}} |razrabotniki={{-|[[BioWare]]}} |izdatelji={{-|[[Microsoft Game Studios]]}}, {{-|[[Electronic Arts]]}} |serija={{-|[[Mass Effect]]}} |dataizdanja={{-|[[Xbox 360]]}}: [[Severna Amerika]]: 20 novembra 2007 [[Avstralija]]: 22 novembra 2007 [[Evropejsky sojuz]]: 23 novembra 2007 {{-|[[Microsoft Windows|Windows]]}}: [[Severna Amerika]]: 28 maja 2008 [[Avstralija]]: 5 junija 2008 [[Evropejsky sojuz]]: 6 junija 2008 {{-|[[PlayStation 3]]}}: [[Severna Amerika]]: 4 dekembra 2012 [[Evropejsky sojuz]]: 7 dekembra 2012 |žanr={{-|action role-playing}} |platformy={{-|[[Xbox 360]], [[Microsoft Windows]], [[PlayStation 3]]}} |igrovy motor={{-|[[Unreal Engine 3]]}}<ref>{{Cite web| url=https://www.unrealengine.com/blog/mass-effect| title=Critically Acclaimed Mass Effect Powered by Unreal Engine 3| date=November 20, 2007| first=John| last=Gaudiosi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.gamesradar.com/mass-effect-legendary-edition-uses-unreal-engine-3-for-good-reason-according-to-the-developers/ |title=Mass Effect: Legendary Edition uses Unreal Engine 3 for good reason according to the developers |website=GamesRadar+ |date=4 February 2021 |access-date=12 October 2022 |archive-date=6 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210206190428/https://www.gamesradar.com/mass-effect-legendary-edition-uses-unreal-engine-3-for-good-reason-according-to-the-developers/ |url-status=live }}</ref> |režim igry=jedin igrač |glava=[[Casey Hudson|Kejsi Hadson]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://akamai.cdn.ea.com/eadownloads/u/f/manuals/GAME-MASSEFFECT/Manuals.zip|type=zip|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250101115505/http://akamai.cdn.ea.com/eadownloads/u/f/manuals/GAME-MASSEFFECT/Manuals.zip|archive-date=2025-01-01|access-date=2026-08-12|ref= {{sfnref|Manual|2008}}|title= Mass Effect PC Manual|year=2008 }}</ref> |gejmdizajner=Preston Wataman{{-|iu|jу}}k{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=32}} |programist=David Falkner{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=32}}<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1073668/fullcredits/?ref_=tt_cst_sm#amzn1.imdb.concept.name_credit_category.a7c2d410-e513-4bd7-85d5-73060ec46a84 Mass Effect (Video Game 2007) - Full cast & crew | Additional Crew] na {{-|[[IMDb]]}}</ref> |hudožnik=Derek Watts{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=32}}<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1073668/fullcredits/?ref_=tt_cst_sm#amzn1.imdb.concept.name_credit_category.60a44752-af76-44f7-9de0-ec51aea2180d Mass Effect (Video Game 2007) - Full cast & crew | Art Director] na {{-|[[IMDb]]}}</ref> |kompozitori=[[Jack Wall|Džek Vol]],{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=32}}<ref name=":9" /> [[Sam Hulick|Sam Hulik]],{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=32}}<ref name=":9" /> [[Richard Jacques|Rišar Žak]],{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=32}}<ref name=":9" /> David {{-|Kates|Кеjтс}}{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=32}}<ref name=":9" />|jezyky interfejsa=[[Anglijsky jezyk|anglijsky]], [[Francuzsky jezyk|francuzsky]], [[Němečsky jezyk|němečsky]], [[Špansky jezyk|špansky]], [[Italijansky jezyk|italijansky]], [[Russky jezyk|russky]], [[Poljsky jezyk|poljsky]]}} '''''{{-|Mass Effect}}''''' ({{Jezyky|isv|Efekt masy}}) — [[kompjuterna igra]] v žanru {{-|action-role-play}}, ktoru stvorila studija {{-|[[BioWare]]}} i izdala {{-|[[Microsoft Game Studios]]}} v lětu 2007.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.ign.com/articles/2007/11/19/mass-effect-review-2| date = November 19, 2007| title = Mass Effect Review| first = Erik| last = Brudvig|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161005213517/http://www.ign.com/articles/2007/11/19/mass-effect-review-2|archive-date=2016-10-05}}</ref> Je prvoju čestju [[Mass Effect|serije {{-|Mass Effect}}]]. V 2007 leto igra prišla jedino toliko na {{-|[[Xbox 360]]}}.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web| url = http://xbox360.gamespy.com/xbox-360/mass-effect/836239p1.html| title = Mass Effect| date = November 19, 2007| first = Gerald| last = Villoria|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071120143528/http://xbox360.gamespy.com/xbox-360/mass-effect/836239p1.html|archive-date=2007-11-20}}</ref> V 2008 javila se versija igry na {{-|[[Microsoft Windows|Windows]]}},<ref name=":1">{{Cite web| url = http://pc.gamespy.com/pc/bioware-rpg/877353p1.html| title = BioWare's space opera comes to PC and is still one of the greatest role-playing games we've ever played.| date = May 28, 2008| first = Gerald| last = Villoria|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080531073014/http://pc.gamespy.com/pc/bioware-rpg/877353p1.html|archive-date=2008-05-31}}</ref> v 2012 prišla versija na {{-|[[PlayStation 3]]}}.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.ign.com/articles/2012/09/26/mass-effect-trilogy-set-announced| title = Mass Effect Trilogy Set Announced| date = September 26, 2012| first = Andrew| last = Goldfarb|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120926193158/http://www.ign.com/articles/2012/09/26/mass-effect-trilogy-set-announced|archive-date=2012-09-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.gamespot.com/articles/mass-effect-trilogy-comes-to-ps3-dec-4/1100-6399374/| title = Mass Effect Trilogy comes to PS3 Dec. 4| date = November 2, 2010| first = Eddie| last = Makuch|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107221336/https://www.gamespot.com/articles/mass-effect-trilogy-comes-to-ps3-dec-4/1100-6399374/|archive-date=2017-11-07}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web| url = https://blog.bioware.com/2012/11/01/ryan-warden-an-update-on-the-mass-effect-trilogy/| title = Ryan Warden: An Update on the Mass Effect Trilogy| date = November 1, 2012|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103041035/http://blog.bioware.com/2012/11/01/ryan-warden-an-update-on-the-mass-effect-trilogy/|archive-date=2012-11-03}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web| url = https://www.ign.com/articles/2012/11/30/reminder-mass-effect-comes-to-ps3-very-soon| title = Reminder: Mass Effect Comes to PS3 Very Soon| date = November 30, 2012| first = Colin| last = Moriarty|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121203054258/http://www.ign.com/articles/2012/11/30/reminder-mass-effect-comes-to-ps3-very-soon|archive-date=2012-12-03}}</ref> Sjužet igry govori o tom, že v 22-om stoletju [[člověčstvo]] spoznalo i naučilo se rabotati s tehnologijeju svrhsvětlovyh lětanij v [[Kosmos|kosmosu]] s pomočju nekakogo nulovogo elementa, ktory obnuloval masu-težinu (toj moment vpisan je v nazvanje igry). A takože v to stolětje ljudi zakontaktovali se s inoplanetnymi civilizacijami.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=6}} Glavny heroj ili herojinja (to izbiraje igrač) igry komander Šepard dobyvaje status Spektra — specialnogo soldata na služenju galaktičnoj rady-sověta Citadely, i so svojim odredom pošeti različne mesta i zvezdne sistemy galaktiky. V 2008 lětu za igru izdali dodatny kontent pod nazvoju ''{{-|Bring Down the Sky}}'',<ref name=":10">{{Cite web| url = http://pc.gamespy.com/pc/bioware-rpg/894639p1.html| title = Free Downloadable Content Now Available for Mass Effect PC| date = July 29, 2008|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080802190447/http://pc.gamespy.com/pc/bioware-rpg/894639p1.html|archive-date=2008-08-08}}</ref> v ktorom potrebno bylo spasati planetu Tera Nova od asteroida {{-|X57}} i teroristov.<ref name=":11">{{Cite web| url = https://www.ign.com/articles/2008/02/25/mass-effect-bring-down-the-sky-interview| title = Mass Effect: Bring Down the Sky Interview| date = February 25, 2008| first = Erik| last = Brudvig|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130216182140/http://www.ign.com/articles/2008/02/25/mass-effect-bring-down-the-sky-interview|archive-date=2013-02-16}}</ref> V 2009 lětu za igru izdali dodatny kontent pod nazvoju ''{{-|Pinnacle Station}}'', ktory dodaval nekoliko zadanij, a takože možnost dobyti v nagradu apartamenty.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.eurogamer.net/me-pinnacle-station-dlc-detailed| title = New Mass Effect DLC detailed| date = August 24, 2009| first = Robert| last = Purchese|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128113544/https://www.eurogamer.net/me-pinnacle-station-dlc-detailed|archive-date=2022-11-28}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite web| url = https://gamemag.ru/news/44026/mass-effect-dopolnenie-pinnacle-station-dostupno-v-xbox-live| title = Mass Effect: Дополнение "Pinnacle Station" доступно в Xbox Live| date = August 24, 2009| last = livesaifer|lang=ru|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260731230912/https://gamemag.ru/news/44026/mass-effect-dopolnenie-pinnacle-station-dostupno-v-xbox-live|archive-date=2026-07-31}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.gamespot.com/articles/new-mass-effect-dlc-avatar-items-now-available/1100-6216123/| title = New Mass Effect DLC, avatar items now available. UPDATE Microsoft releases Pinnacle Station, a 13-mission, two-to-three-hour add-on to the popular Xbox 360 role-playing game; Mass Effect outfits hit Marketplace en masse.| date = August 25, 2009| first = Tor| last = Thorsen|lang=en}}</ref><ref name=":13">{{Cite web| url = https://www.ign.com/articles/2009/08/25/mass-effect-pinnacle-station-review| title = Mass Effect: Pinnacle Station Review| date = August 25, 2009| first = Erik| last = Brudvig|lang=en}}</ref> Dalje byli izdane igry {{-|[[Mass Effect 2]]}} v 2010 lětu i {{-|[[Mass Effect 3]]}} v 2012,<ref name=":4" /> ktore stvorili trilogiju o komanderu Šepardu. V 2021 leto igra byla obnovjena v svezku izdanja {{-|[[Mass Effect: Legendary Edition]]}}.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://news.ea.com/press-releases/press-releases-details/2021/Relive-the-Award-Winning-Space-Opera-in-Mass-Effect-Legendary-Edition-on-May-14/default.aspx| title = Relive the Award-Winning Space Opera in Mass Effect Legendary Edition on May 14| date = February 2, 2021|lang=en}}</ref> == Gejmplej == ''{{-|Mass Effect}} '' — je igra v žanru {{-|action-rpg}} za jednogo igrača, v ktoroj igrač upravjaje komanderom Šepardom ({{Jezyky|en|Commander Shepard}}) s pogledom od tretjego lica. Pred početkom igry potrebno izbrati ime igrača (ktoro na igrovy svet ne vlijaje), pol, izgled, jedin iz nekoliko variantov predhistorije, igrovy klas-specialnost. {{sfn|Manual|2008|p=7-9}} Za izbor dostupne sut 6 klasov. Každy klas imaje svoju specialnost v oružju i sposobnostah.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=8}} Igrač i učestniki odreda mogut orudovati vsakym oružjem, ale efektivnost togo zavisi od klasa i parametrov každogo.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=8}} Na kosmičnom korabu igrača dostupna je karta galaktiky, s pomočju ktoroj igrač može premeščati se po svetu. V galaktikě sut grupy-skupiny zvezd, v ktoryh sut zvezdne sistemy, v ktoryh už sut planety i kosmične stancije. Za premeščenije medžu grupami zvezd potrebno upotrebjati retranslatory masy ({{Jezyky|en|Mass-Relay}}).{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=14-15}} Kosmičny korab igrača imaje nazvu "Normandija" ({{Jezyky|en|Normandy SR-1}}) — to je esperimentalny korab, ktory stvorili naučniki Aliansa sistem ({{Jezyky|en|Systems Alliance}}) v koperacije s turianskymi ({{Jezyky|en|turians}}) specialistami. Toj korab upotrebjaje se igračem za putovanje medžu planetami i zvezdami s pomočju interaktivnoj karty. Na korabu irač može govoriti s ljudami-služebnikami koraba (medikami, inženjerami) i učestnikami svojego odreda. Na planetah i stancijah igrač izpolnjaje zadanja-operacije, kvesty i vzajemodejstvuje s {{-|NPC}}.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=10-11}} Po završenju-koncu zadanij igrač dobyvaje specialne pointy, ktore dozvoljajut razvivati sposobnosti, dobyvaje predmety za inventar. Inventar imaje razmer v 150 elementov-predmetov. Nepotrebne predmety možno prodati, utilizirovati v omni-gel, ktory je potreben za otkrytje zamkov i remonta vsekdehoda "Mako".{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=22}} Vsekdehod "Mako" možno upotrebjati na planetah za preměščenje na velike distancije i strěljbu po neprijateljam. Takože vsekdehod je pomočen na nektoryh zlyh planetah, na ktoryh okolična pogoda jest škodliva dlja odreda.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=26}} A na kosmičnyh stancijah i planetah možno kupiti različne predmety kako oružje, bronju i dodatne ulepšenja. === Bojeva sistema === Boji idut v realnom času. Igrač upravjaje Šepardom od tretjego lica. V odredu igrača takože je jedino dva personaža, ktorymi upravjaje kompjuter i ktorym može davati komandy igrač, naprimer: atakovati neprijatelja, zajeti ukrytje i tako dalje.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=16-17}} V čas boja igrač može otkryti taktično menju, ktoro stopuje igru i v ktorom možno smeniti oružje, ukazati koju sposobnost upotrebiti (kako Šepardu tako i učestnikam odreda). Každa sposobnost imaje svoju meru-vreme za obnovjene posle každogo upotrebjenja.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=16-17}} Oružje igrača ne trebuje naboja, jednako dost silna streljba može pregreti oružje i nektoro vreme nemožno bude streljati. To trebuje delati pauzu medžu streljanjem. V igrě sut 4 tipov oružja: pistolety, pompovky, vintovky, snajperske ružja i granaty.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=18-19}} Bronja takože različna: legka, sredna, težka. Vsaka bronja imaje različne specializacije i sposobnosti. Takože može byti ograničenje v zavisnosti od klasa igrača ili učestnika odreda. Takože je razlika medžu civilizacijami: ljudi i azari ({{Jezyky|en|asari}}) mogut nositi jednu bronju, turianci imajut svoju bronju, krogani ({{Jezyky|en|krogans}}) svoju.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=20-21}} Akoli gibnut učestniki odreda, to ih možno lečiti s pomočju medi-gela, akoli gibne igrač, to treba restartovati igru od poslednego shranjenja. === Dialogova sistema === Igrač izbiraje varianty za odgovor s pomočju dialogovogo kolesa ({{Jezyky|en|dialogue wheel}}).{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=10-11}} Obyčajno, ale ne vsegda, v pravoj vrhnoj straně sut rečenja heroja-paragona, a v pravoj nižnej-dolnoj straně sut rečenja odstupnika-renegata. Rečenja heroja sut sinjego cveta-kolora, a odstupnika-renegata črvenogo. V levoj straně kolesa sut varianty rečenja, ktore mogut zapytati nekojego {{-|NPC}} o predmetě govorenja. Herojske-paragonske rečenja dodajut igraču pointy heroja, a odstupničske-renegatske dajut pointy renegata. Te pointy dajut nove varianty dejanij v različne momenty igry. Te varianty mogut dati dodatnu informaciju, izbegti boja, spasti nekojego.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=24}} == Sjužet == === Igrovy svet === Dejanje tutoj igry ide v [[Mlěčny put|Mlěčnom putu]] v 22 stoletju. Človečstvo spoznalo letanja v kosmosu s pomočju nulevogo elementa i mas-retranslatorov ({{Jezyky|en|mass relays}}). Retranslatory směnšajut masu-težinu korabov do nula i s pomočju togo koraby kako by teleportujut se{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=6}}. Krome človečstva v galaktikě sut množstva drugyh inoplanetnyh civilizacij, nektora čest kojih stvorila specialny Sovět na kosmičnoj stanciji Citadel. Osnovne civilizacije sut azari ({{Jezyky|en|asari}}), turianci ({{Jezyky|en|turians}}) i salarianci ({{Jezyky|en|salarians}})<ref>{{-|[[BioWare]]}}. {{-|Mass Effect}} (2007). Igrovy Kodeks: "Inoplanetjani: Rasy v Sovetě Citadely" ({{Jezyky|en|Aliens: Council Races}}).</ref>. Nektore civilizacije sut prědstavjene na Citadelě s pomočju ambasad: volusi ({{Jezyky|en|voluses}}), hanari ({{Jezyky|en|hanars}}), elkori ({{Jezyky|en|elcors}}), a takože ljudi<ref>{{-|[[BioWare]]}}. {{-|Mass Effect}} (2007). Igrovy Kodeks: "Inoplanetjani: Rasy ne v Sovetě Citadely" ({{Jezyky|en|Aliens: Non-Council Races}}).</ref>. Takože sut nektore civilizacije, ktore živut vne Citadelskogo prostora: krogani ({{Jezyky|en|krogans}}), batarianci ({{Jezyky|en|batarians}}), kvarianci ({{Jezyky|en|quarians}}). Vse životne civilizacije v igrě imajut nazvu ''organične'', a robotove civilizacije, kako gety ({{Jezyky|en|geths}}) i Žnecy ({{Jezyky|en|Reapers}}) ''sintetične''. Člověčstvo prvy raz strětilo se s inymi civilizacijami (turiancami) v 2149 lětu i ta strěča počela se kako vojna, ktora skoro završila se. Ljudi izšli v novy sektor kosmosa s pomočju retranslatora, ale zakon Citadele ne dozvoljaje aktivirovati nerazvedane retranslatory; zamesto govorenja turianci izničtožili prve koraby ljudij i to dejanje stalo pričinoju vojny.<ref name=":17">[[BioWare]]. {{-|Mass Effect}} (2007). Igrovy Kodeks: "Človečstvo i Alians Sistem" ({{Jezyky|en|Humanity and the Systems Alliance}}).</ref> Potom človečstvo dobylo svoje město v galaktičnom sociumu posle nektoryh drugyh dejanij<ref name=":17" />. Na moment početka igry komander Šepard potreben byl stati prvym človekom Spektrom. Spektri sut specialni ljudi, u kojih administracija je Sovět Citadele<ref>{{-|[[BioWare]]}}. {{-|Mass Effect}} (2007). Igrovy Kodeks: "Citadel i Galaktičska vlada" ({{Jezyky|en|Citadel and Galactic Government}}).</ref>. === Personaži === ==== Šepard ==== Glavny personaž igry je komander Šepard ({{Jezyky|en|Shepard}}). V zavisnosti od igrača Šepard može byti žena ili muž. Standardno mužsko ime je Džon ({{Jezyky|en|John}}), a žensko Džejn ({{Jezyky|en|Jane}}). Prědhistorija Šeparda takože izbiraje se igračem: {| class="wikitable" |+Varianty biografije Šeparda{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=7-9}} ! colspan="2" |Do armije |- |Kolonist ({{Jezyky|en|colonist}}) |Dětinstvo Šeparda bylo na kolonije Mindoir. Koloniju atakovali sut piraty-rabotrgovci i ubili jegovyh roditeljev. Šeparda vzeli k sobe dozorny patrol Aliansa. Kogda Šepardu stalo 18 let, on pošel v armiju Aliansa. |- |Rodženi na Zemji ({{Jezyky|en|Earthborn}}) |Šepard byl sirota i jegovo dětinstvo prošlo v uličnyh bandah. Kogda Šepardu stalo 18 let, on pošel v armiju. |- |Kosmičnik ({{Jezyky|en|Spacer}}) |Roditelji Šeparda sut vojskovi ljudi. Vse dětinstvo Šepard byl na kosmičnyh korabah. Potom zapisal se v armiju Aliansa. |- ! colspan="2" |V čas služenja v armije |- |Heroj vojny ({{Jezyky|en|War Hero}}) |V čas služenja na člověčskoj koloniji Elizium ({{Jezyky|en|Elysium}}) bojeval protiv piratov, kojih bylo mnogo, odbivši ataku. |- |Izživši ({{Jezyky|en|Sole Survivor}}) |Na planetě Akuza ({{Jezyky|en|Akuze}}) odred Šeparda byl atakovan velikym inoplanetnym životnym i byl cělo izničtoženy. Ostal jedino Šepard. |- |Ljuty ({{Jezyky|en|Ruthless}}) |Na planetě Torfan ({{Jezyky|en|Torfan}}) Šepard izgubil 3/4 svojego odreda, ale izpolnil zadanje, a takože izničil vsih neprijatelskyh piratov-batariancev. |} Mužsky glas Šeparda dal aktor {{-|[[Mark Meer]]}}<ref name=":18">[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1073668/fullcredits/?ref_=tt_cst_sm#amzn1.imdb.concept.name_credit_group.7caf7d16-5db9-4f4f-8864-d4c6e711c686 Mass Effect (Video Game 2007) - Full cast] na [[IMDb]]</ref>. Žensky glas Šeparda dala aktrisa {{-|[[Jennifer Hale]]}}<ref name=":18" />. ==== Ekipa Normandije ==== ===== Džef Džoker Moro ===== Džef Džoker Moro ({{Jezyky|en|Jeff Joker Moreau}}) — je profesionalny pilot Normandije. Imaje veliku problemu s kostami, one sut slabe. Glas jemu dal aktor {{-|[[Seth Benjamin Gesshel Green]]}}<ref>[https://www.mobygames.com/person/266203/seth-b-green/credits/ Seth B. Green - Video Game Credits - MobyGames], "Mass Effect (2007, Xbox 360) Jeff “Joker” Moreau"</ref><ref name=":18" />. ===== Greg Adams ===== Greg Adams ({{Jezyky|en|Greg Adams}}) — je glavny inženjer Normandije. On rabotaje v inženjernoj sekciji koraba. Glas jemu dal aktor {{-|[[Roger Labon Jackson]]}}<ref>[https://www.mobygames.com/person/1179/roger-labon-jackson/credits/ Roger Labon Jackson - Video Game Credits - MobyGames], "Mass Effect (2007, Xbox 360) Additional Voices"</ref><ref name=":18" />. ===== Karin Čakvas ===== Karin Čakvas ({{Jezyky|en|Karin Chakwas}}) — je glavna doktorka Normandije. Glas jej dala aktrisa {{-|[[Carolyn Seymour]]}}<ref>[https://www.mobygames.com/person/17150/carolyn-seymour/credits/ Carolyn Seymour - Video Game Credits - MobyGames], "Mass Effect (2007, Xbox 360) Additional Voices"</ref><ref name=":18" />. ==== Osnovne učestniki odreda ==== ===== Ričard Dženkins ===== Ričard Dženkins ({{Jezyky|en|Richard L. Jenkins}}) — soldat Aliansa. Imaje klas i sposobnosti soldata. Jegovo ime i historija v igrě imaje svez s mem-personažem Lirojem Dženkinsom. Glas jemu dal aktor {{-|[[George Joshua Christian Dean]]}}<ref>[https://www.mobygames.com/person/122414/josh-dean/credits/ Josh  Dean - Video Game Credits - MobyGames], "Mass Effect (2007, Xbox 360) Additional Voices"</ref><ref name=":18" />. ===== Kajdan Alenko ===== Kajdan Alenko ({{Jezyky|en|Kaidan Alenko}}) — lejtenant-poručnik, a takože biotik. Kako igrovy personaž imaje sposobnosti-specializaciju biotika. On je vozmožny romantičsky interes Šeparda-ženy. Glas jemu dal aktor {{-|[[Raphael Sbarge]]}}<ref>[https://www.mobygames.com/person/9258/raphael-sbarge/credits/ Raphael Sbarge - Video Game Credits - MobyGames], "Mass Effect (Xbox 360) Kaidan Alenko"</ref><ref name=":18" />. ===== Ešli Viljams ===== Ešli Viljams ({{Jezyky|en|Ashley Medelin Williams}}) — kosmična pěhotnica Aliansa. Igrač strěčaje ju v prvoj misiji igry. Ona je možnym romantičskym interesom Šeparda-muža. Glas jej dala aktrisa {{-|[[Kimberly Brooks]]}}<ref name=":18" />. ===== Urdnot Reks ===== Urdnot Reks ({{Jezyky|en|Urdnot Wrex}}) — krogan-biotik. Šepard strěčaje jego na Citadeli. Reks imaje praktično obče celji s Šepardom i ide pomogati jemu. Glas jemu dal aktor {{-|[[Steven Barr]]}}<ref name=":18" />. ===== Liara T'Soni ===== Liara T'Soni ({{Jezyky|en|Liara T’Soni}}) — je azarijska naučnica, a takože biotička, koja zajmaje se ksenoarheologijeju. Šepard strěčaje ju v jednoj iz misij igry, po ktoroj ona ide pomogati jemu. Ona je možnym romantičskym interesom za Šepardov obohdvoh polov. Glas jej dala aktrisa {{-|[[Ali Hillis]]}}<ref name=":18" />. ===== Garus Vakarian ===== Garus Vakarian ({{Jezyky|en|Garrus Vakarian}}) — je turianec, ktori rabotaje v službe bezpečnosti Citadele. Posle něktoryh činov od strany administracije služby bezpečnosti Citadele on odhodi odovud i prisjedinjaje se k odredu Šeparda, daby pomogti jemu. Glas jemu dal aktor {{-|[[Brandon James Keener]]}}<ref name=":18" />. ===== Tali Zora ===== Tali Zora ({{Jezyky|en|Tali'Zorah}}) — je kvarianka-tehnička, ktora byla atakovana v čas svojego putovanja něktorymi osobami. Ona imaje něktore silne dokazy o dělah, ktore sut svezany s cěljem raboty Šeparda. Glas jej dala aktrisa {{-|[[Ash Sroka]]}}<ref name=":18" />. ==== Antagonisti ==== ===== Saren Arterius ===== Saren Arterius ({{Jezyky|en|Saren Arterius}}) — je turianec-Spektr, ktory skooperiroval se s getami zaradi někakyh svojih cěljev i jest jedin iz glavnyh antagonistov igry. Glas jemu dal aktor {{-|[[Fred Tatasciore]]}}<ref name=":18" />. == Dodatne epizody ({{-|DLC}}) == Dlja ''{{-|Mass Effect}}'' je bylo izdano 2 {{-|DLC}}: ''{{-|Bring Down the Sky}}'' v marcu 2008 lěta, ''{{-|Pinnacle Station}}'' v avgustu 2009 lěta. V 2012 leto {{-|DLC}} ''{{-|Bring Down the Sky}}'' bylo izdano za {{-|[[PlayStation 3]]}}<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" />, ale ''{{-|Pinnacle Station}}'' izdan ne byl. {| class="wikitable" style="width: 100%;" |- style="text-align: center;" ! rowspan="2" style="width:40%;" |Nazva ! colspan="3" |Data izdanja |- ! style="width:20%;" |{{-|Xbox 360}} ! style="width:20%;" |{{-|Microsoft Windows}} ! style="width:20%;" |{{-|PlayStation 3}} |- | colspan="4" bgcolor="#e6e9ff" | |- align="center" bgcolor="#f2f2f2" | * {{Jezyky|en|Bring Down the Sky}} * {{Jezyky|de|Kollisionskurs}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.eurogamer.de/mass-effect-x57-dlc-kollisionskurs|title=Mass Effect: X57 DLC: Kollisionskurs|date=2008|first=Benjamin|last=Jakobs|lang=de}}</ref><ref name=":14">[https://www.mobygames.com/game/58908/mass-effect/credits/ps3/ MobyGames | Mass Effect Credits Bring Down the Sky: Keywords International Ltd.] </ref> * {{Jezyky|pl|Bring Down the Sky}}<ref name=":14" /> * {{Jezyky|fr|Turbulences à 900 000 Pieds}}<ref name=":14" /><ref>[https://www.gamekult.com/jeux/mass-effect-turbulences-a-900-000-pieds-3010006267.html www.gamekult.com - Mass Effect : Turbulences à 900.000 pieds]</ref> * {{Jezyky|ru|Гибель с небес}}<ref>[https://piper.old-games.ru/project/snowball_ru/www.snowball.ru/me/ Snowball Studios | Mass Effect: Золотое издание] </ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=December 30, 2008 |title="Mass Effect: Гибель с небес". Качаем |url=https://www.cnews.ru/news/line/mass_effect_gibel_s_nebes_kachaem |url-status=live|language=ru}}</ref> * {{Jezyky|it|Impatto imminente}}<ref name=":14" /><ref>[https://www.xbox.com/it-IT/games/store/impatto-imminente-en/BVTTSL5Q7D24 <nowiki>Xbox.com | Impatto imminente [EN]</nowiki>]</ref> |20 marca 2008 lěta |28 maja 2008 lěta<ref name=":10" /> |4 dekembra 2012 lěta<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ixbt.games/news/ps3-versiya-mass-effect-trilogy-v-dekabre.html|title=PS3-версия Mass Effect Trilogy в декабре|date=November 2, 2012|lang=ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2012/12/10/mass-effect-ps3-review|title=Mass Effect PS3 Review|date=December 10, 2012|first=Colin|last=Moriarty|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121212174118/http://www.ign.com/articles/2012/12/10/mass-effect-ps3-review|archive-date=December 12, 2012|lang=en}}</ref> |- | colspan="4" style="border: none; vertical-align: top;" | V {{-|DLC}} jedno zadanje, v ktorom piraty-batarianci ({{Jezyky|en|batarians}}) hčut skydnuti asteroid {{-|X57}} na planetu Tera Nova ({{Jezyky|en|Terra Nova}})<ref name=":11" />. |- | colspan="4" bgcolor="#e6e9ff" | |- align="center" bgcolor="#f2f2f2" |{{Jezyky|en|Pinnacle Station}} |25 avgusta 2009 lěta<ref name=":12" /> |25 avgusta 2009 lěta |nema |- | colspan="4" style="border: none; vertical-align: top;" | To vtoro {{-|DLC}} dodaje trenovačnu kosmičnu stanciju. Jejny komandir je admiral Ahern ({{Jezyky|en|Tadius Ahern}}). Igrač može trenovati se na stancije v simulatoru, ktory imaje 12 scenarijev i bonusny scenarij, ktory simuliruje jedin boj iz Vojny Prvogo Kontakta ({{Jezyky|en|First Contact War}}). Akoli završiti bonusny scenarij, igrač dobyvaje v dar apartamenty na planetě Intajsej ({{Jezyky|en|Intai'sei}}), v ktoryh igrač može kupiti redke predmety za dost malu cenu, ktora je vo mnogo raz niže, neželi v magazinah<ref name=":13" />. |} == Muzika == Muzikalne kompozicije stvorjal [[Jack Wall|Džek Vol]]{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=32}}<ref name=":9">[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1073668/fullcredits/?ref_=tt_cst_sm#amzn1.imdb.concept.name_credit_category.00f5faa0-5f76-4eb5-87a1-ec8d484d1779 Mass Effect (Video Game 2007) - Full cast & crew | Composers] na {{-|[[IMDb]]}}</ref>, ktory do ''{{-|Mass Effect}}'' stvoril saundtrek dlja igry {{-|[[Jade Empire]]}} 2005-go lěta i ktoru takože stvorila {{-|[[BioWare]]}}<ref>[https://www.discogs.com/master/698381-Jack-Wall-Jade-Empire-Original-Video-Game-Soundtrack Jack Wall - Jade Empire (Original Video Game Soundtrack)] na [[Discogs]]</ref><ref>[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0455965/fullcredits/?ref_=tt_cst_sm#amzn1.imdb.concept.name_credit_category.00f5faa0-5f76-4eb5-87a1-ec8d484d1779 Jade Empire (Video Game 2005) - Full cast & crow | Composer] na {{-|[[IMDb]]}}</ref>. 20 novembra 2007-go lěta label {{-|[[Sumthing Else]]}} izdal album ''{{-|Mass Effect Original Game Soundtrack}}''<ref name=":5">{{Cite web| url = https://vgmdb.net/album/5380| title = Mass Effect Original Soundtrack| date = November 13, 2007|lang=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.gamesindustry.biz/sumthing-else-music-works-announces-release-of-the-mass-effect-original-soundtrack-from-the-blockbuster-xbox-360r-video-game| title = Sumthing Else Music Works Announces Release Of The Mass Effect Original Soundtrack From The Blockbuster Xbox 360(R) Video Game| date = November 19, 2007|lang=en}}</ref>, ktory sodržal v sobě 37 kompozicij iz igry (obča dolgota 1 čas i 15 minut), a takože kompoziciju iz albuma {{-|[[M4 (muzikalny album)|M4]]}} kanadskoj {{-|[[indie-rock]]}} grupy {{-|[[Faunts (muzikalna grupa)|Faunts]]}}, ktora zvuči v igrě pri finalnyh titrah<ref name=":5" />. 13 novembra 2012-go lěta label {{-|[[FUNimation]]}} izdal album ''{{-|Mass Effect Paragon Lost Original Motion Picture Soundtrack}}'', s dolgotoju 1 čas i 9 minut, ktory sodržal v sobě 27 kompozicij iz [[anime]]-seriala {{-|[[Mass Effect: Paragon Lost]]}}<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/press-release/2012-11-08/mass-effect/paragon-lost-animated-film-score-composed-by-joshua-r-mosley-and-david-kates| title = Mass Effect: Paragon Lost Animated FIlm Score Composed by Joshua R. Mosley and David Kates| date = November 8, 2012|lang=en}}</ref>. {| class="wikitable" |+Spisok kompozicij iz {{-|Mass Effect}}<ref name=":5" /> !№ !Nazva !Avtori !Dolgost |- | align="center" |1 | align="left" |{{-|Mass Effect Theme}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |02:21:00 |- | align="center" |2 | align="left" |{{-|The Normandy}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:35:00 |- | align="center" |3 | align="left" |{{-|Eden Prime}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:34:00 |- | align="center" |4 | align="left" |{{-|Battle At Eden Prime}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:23:00 |- | align="center" |5 | align="left" |{{-|Saren}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |02:00:00 |- | align="center" |6 | align="left" |{{-|The Citadel}} | align="left" |{{-|Richard Jacques, Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:45:00 |- | align="center" |7 | align="left" |{{-|The Presidium}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:32:00 |- | align="center" |8 | align="left" |{{-|The Wards}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |03:14:00 |- | align="center" |9 | align="left" |{{-|Criminal Elements}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:56:00 |- | align="center" |10 | align="left" |{{-|Spectre Induction}} | align="left" |{{-|Richard Jacques, Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:55:00 |- | align="center" |11 | align="left" |{{-|Liara's World}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |02:35:00 |- | align="center" |12 | align="left" |{{-|A Very Dangerous Place}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |02:40:00 |- | align="center" |13 | align="left" |{{-|Feros}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:34:00 |- | align="center" |14 | align="left" |{{-|Protecting The Colony}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:56:00 |- | align="center" |15 | align="left" |{{-|The Thorian}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |03:12:00 |- | align="center" |16 | align="left" |{{-|Noveria}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |02:14:00 |- | align="center" |17 | align="left" |{{-|The Secret Labs}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |02:39:00 |- | align="center" |18 | align="left" |{{-|The Alien Queen}} | align="left" |{{-|Richard Jacques, Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:44:00 |- | align="center" |19 | align="left" |{{-|Fatal Confrontation}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:09:00 |- | align="center" |20 | align="left" |{{-|Saren's Base}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:37:00 |- | align="center" |21 | align="left" |{{-|Breeding Ground}} | align="left" |{{-|Richard Jacques, Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |03:47:00 |- | align="center" |22 | align="left" |{{-|Virmire Ride}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:41:00 |- | align="center" |23 | align="left" |{{-|Exit}} | align="left" |{{-|Richard Jacques, Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:54:00 |- | align="center" |24 | align="left" |{{-|Love Theme}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:54:00 |- | align="center" |25 | align="left" |{{-|Uncharted Worlds}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:16:00 |- | align="center" |26 | align="left" |{{-|Ilos}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:39:00 |- | align="center" |27 | align="left" |{{-|Vigil}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:44:00 |- | align="center" |28 | align="left" |{{-|Sovereign's Theme}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:19:00 |- | align="center" |29 | align="left" |{{-|Uplink}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:12:00 |- | align="center" |30 | align="left" |{{-|Battling Saren}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:38:00 |- | align="center" |31 | align="left" |{{-|In Pursuit Of Saren}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:37:00 |- | align="center" |32 | align="left" |{{-|Infusion}} | align="left" |{{-|Richard Jacques, Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:30:00 |- | align="center" |33 | align="left" |{{-|Final Assault}} | align="left" |{{-|Richard Jacques, Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |02:02:00 |- | align="center" |34 | align="left" |{{-|Victory}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |00:51:00 |- | align="center" |35 | align="left" |{{-|From The Wreckage}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:54:00 |- | align="center" |36 | align="left" |{{-|The End (Reprise)}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:10:00 |- | align="center" |37 | align="left" |{{-|M4 Part II (Faunts)}} | align="left" |{{-|Faunts}} | align="center" |08:18:00 |} == Anons i izdanje == {{Sistemne trěbovanja|useminandrec=1|platform1=Osobne kompjutery|os1={{-|[[Windows XP]]}} i {{-|[[Windows Vista]]}}|os1rec={{-|[[Windows XP]]}} i vyše|cpu1=2,4 {{-|GHz|ГГц}} {{-|[[Intel]]}} ili 2,0 {{-|GHz|ГГц}} {{-|[[AMD]]}}|cpu1rec=2,6 {{-|GHz|ГГц}} {{-|Intel}} ili 2,4 {{-|GHz|ГГц}} {{-|AMD}} i vyše|gpu1=|gpu1rec=|memory1=1 [[Gigabajt|Gb]] {{-|[[RAM]]}} ({{-|XP}})/2 Gb {{-|RAM}} ({{-|Vista}})|memory1rec=2 Gb {{-|RAM}} i vyše|hdspace1=12 Gb|hdspace1rec=12 Gb i vyše|media1=|media1rec=|display1={{-|[[Nvidia GeForce|Nvidia GeForce 6]]}} ({{-|6800GT}} ili lepje) ili / {{-|[[ATI Radeon]]}} {{-|1300XT}} s poddržkoj šajder-modely 3.0|display1rec={{-|[[GeForce]]}} 7900 {{-|GTX}} / {{-|[[ATI Radeon]]}} {{-|X1800 XL}} i vyše|network1=|network1rec=|sound1=Sumestima-kompatibilna s {{-|DirectX 9.0}} sumestima [[zvukova karta]]|sound1rec=Sumestima-kopmatibilna {{-|DirectX 9.0}} s i vyše sumestima [[zvukova karta]]|input1=|input1rec=}} Igra oficialno byla anonsovana je na {{-|[[Xbox show]]}} v [[Amsterdam|Amsterdamu]] 4 oktobra 2005-go lěta.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.ign.com/articles/2005/10/04/x05-mass-effect-eyes-on| title = X05: Mass Effect: Eyes-On| date = October 4, 2005| first = Charles| last = Onyett|lang=en}}</ref> V maju 2006-go lěta demonstracijna versija igry byla prědstavjena na {{-|[[Electronic Entertainment Expo]]}} i dobyla {{-|[[Game Critics Awards]]}} kak najlěpša roljeva igra.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.gamespot.com/articles/e3-06-mass-effect-impressions/1100-6150171/| title = E3 06: Mass Effect Impressions| date = May 11, 2006| first = Greg| last = Mueller|lang=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.ign.com/articles/2006/05/10/e3-2006-mass-effect-impressions| title = E3 2006: Mass Effect Impressions| date = May 10, 2006| first = Charles| last = Onyett|lang=en}}</ref> Novy gejmplej byl pokazan je v septembru 2006-go lěta na {{-|[[Xbox show]]}} v {{-|[[Barselona|Barseloně]]}}.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.gamesindustry.biz/microsoft-announces-x06| title = Microsoft Announces X06| date = June 22, 2006|lang=en}}</ref> V marcu 2007-go lěta gejmplej byl pokazan je cěly čas v [[San-Francisko]] na {{-|[[Game Developeres Conference]]}}.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.ign.com/articles/2007/03/07/gdc-2007-mass-effect-the-first-hour| title = GDC 2007: Mass Effect - The First Hour| date = March 7, 2007| first = Hilary| last = Goldstein| first2 = Erik| last2 = Brudvig|lang=en}}</ref> Povtorno igra byla pokazana na {{-|Electronic Entertainment Expo}} v juliju 2007-go lěta.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CItElYfc47g| title = Live from the Santa Monica Pier! Mass Effect Stage Demo| date = July 19, 2007|lang=en}}</ref> V avgustu 2007-go lěta byla pokazana na {{-|[[Games Convention]]}} v [[Leipzig|{{-|Leipzigu|Леjпцигу}}]].<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.gamesindustry.biz/critically-acclaimed-rpg-mass-effect-begins-epic-journey-on-23rd-november-2007| title = Critically-Acclaimed RPG "Mass Effect" Begins Epic Journey on 23rd November 2007| date = August 31, 2007|lang=en}}</ref> V izdanje igra šla 20 novembra 2007-go lěta.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://news.microsoft.com/source/2007/11/20/gamer-excitement-reaches-galactic-proportions-as-mass-effect-touches-down-today-on-retail-shelves-in-north-america/| title = Gamer Excitement Reaches Galactic Proportions as “Mass Effect” Touches Down Today on Retail Shelves in North America| date = November 20, 2007|lang=en}}</ref> == Recenzije == {| class="wikitable" | rowspan="2" align="center" |'''Izdanje''' | colspan="3" align="center" |'''Ocěnka''' |- | align="center" |'''{{-|[[Osobny kompjuter|PC]]}}''' | align="center" |'''{{-|[[PlayStation 3|PS3]]}}''' | align="center" |'''{{-|[[Xbox 360]]}}''' |- | align="left" |{{-|[[GameRankings]]}} | align="left" |89,70 %<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gamerankings.com/pc/944902-mass-effect/index.html|title=Mass Effect for PC|publisher={{-|[[GameRankings]]}}|access-date=2019-12-09|language=en|archive-date=2019-12-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191209015645/https://www.gamerankings.com/pc/944902-mass-effect/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> | align="left" |82,00 %<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gamerankings.com/ps3/689056-mass-effect/index.html|title=Mass Effect PlayStation 3|date=2016-10-05|publisher={{-|[[GameRankings]]}}|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121213034250/http://www.gamerankings.com/ps3/689056-mass-effect/index.html|archive-date=2012-12-13|lang=en}}</ref> | align="left" |91,24 %<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gamerankings.com/xbox360/930279-mass-effect/index.html|title=Mass Effect for Xbox 360|publisher={{-|[[GameRankings]]}}|access-date=2019-12-09|language=en|archive-date=2019-12-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191209013328/https://www.gamerankings.com/xbox360/930279-mass-effect/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[Metacritic]]}} | align="left" |89/100<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.metacritic.com/game/pc/mass-effect|title=Mass Effect (PC)|date=2012-04-24|publisher={{-|[[Metacritic]]}}|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100821111555/http://www.metacritic.com/game/pc/mass-effect|archive-date=2010-08-21|lang=en}}</ref> | align="left" |85/100<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.metacritic.com/game/playstation-3/mass-effect|title=Mass Effect (PlayStation 3)|date=2016-10-05|publisher={{-|[[Metacritic]]}}|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121118033542/http://www.metacritic.com/game/playstation-3/mass-effect|archive-date=2012-11-18|lang=en}}</ref> | align="left" |91/100<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.metacritic.com/game/xbox-360/mass-effect|title=Mass Effect (Xbox 360)|date=2012-04-24|publisher={{-|[[Metacritic]]}}|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100817013510/http://www.metacritic.com/game/xbox-360/mass-effect|archive-date=2010-08-17|lang=en}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[1UP.com]]}} | align="left" |A-<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.1up.com/reviews/mass-effect-review|title=Mass Effect PC Review |author=Thierry Nguyen |date=2008-06-17 |lang=en |work={{-|[[1UP.com]]}}|access-date=2012-04-25 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/68iFKqDnr?url=http://www.1up.com/reviews/mass-effect-review|archive-date=2012-06-26 }}</ref> | align="left" | - | align="left" |A<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.1up.com/reviews/mass-effect |title=Mass Effect (XBOX 360) |author=Jennifer Tsao|date=2007-11-19 |work={{-|[[1UP.com]}} |lang=en |access-date=2012-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120605212422/http://www.1up.com/reviews/mass-effect|archive-date=2012-06-05}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[Computer and Video Games|CVG]]}} | align="left" |9,2/10<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.computerandvideogames.com/190267/reviews/mass-effect-review/ |title=Mass Effect PC Review |lang=en |work={{-|[[Computer and Video Games]]}}|author=Ed Zitron|date=2008-06-04 |access-date=2012-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120312103314/http://www.computerandvideogames.com/190267/reviews/mass-effect-review/|archive-date=2012-03-12}}</ref> | align="left" | - | align="left" |9,0/10<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.computerandvideogames.com/175911/reviews/mass-effect-review/ |title=Mass Effect Xbox Review |lang=en |work={{-|[[Computer and Video Games]]}}|author=Alex Dale|date=2007-11-19 |access-date=2012-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110126035543/http://www.computerandvideogames.com/175911/reviews/mass-effect-review/|archive-date=2011-01-12}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[Edge (žurnal)|Edge]]}} | align="left" |7/10<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.edge-online.com/reviews/mass-effect-review|title=Mass Effect review |lang=en |work={{-|[[Future Publishing]]}}|date=2007-12-02|access-date=2012-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120301013356/http://www.edge-online.com/reviews/mass-effect-review|archive-date=2012-03-01}}</ref> | align="left" | - | align="left" | - |- | align="left" |{{-|[[Eurogamer]]}} | align="left" |8/10<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/mass-effect-review |title=Mass Effect Review |lang=en |work={{-|[[Eurogamer]]}}|author=Kristan Reed|date=2007-11-19|access-date=2012-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111204445/http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/mass-effect-review|archive-date=2009-01-11}}</ref> | align="left" | - | align="left" |8/10<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/mass-effect-review |title=Mass Effect Review |lang=en|work={{-|[[Eurogamer]]}}|author=Kristan Reed|access-date=2012-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111204445/http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/mass-effect-review|archive-date=2009-01-11}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[Game Informer]]}} | align="left" | - | align="left" | - | align="left" |9,75/10<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Andrew Reiner|title=Mass EFfect|work={{-|[[Game Informer]]}}|issue=175|page=151|date=November 2007}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[GamePro]]}} | align="left" | - | align="left" | - | align="left" |4,75/5<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gamepro.com/article/reviews/148788/mass-effect-the-best-rpg-of-2007/ |title=GamePro review |lang=en |work={{-|[[Gamepro]]}} |author=Cameron Lewis|date=2007-11-19|access-date=2009-05-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080921213613/http://www.gamepro.com/article/reviews/148788/mass-effect-the-best-rpg-of-2007/|archive-date=2008-09-21}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[GameSpot]]}} | align="left" |9,0/10<ref>{{cite web|author=Chris Watters|url=http://www.gamespot.com/mass-effect/reviews/mass-effect-review-6191875/|title=Mass Effect Review for PC|lang=en|work={{-|[[GameSpot]]}}|date=2008-05-28|access-date=2012-04-25|archive-date=2012-05-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120501162723/http://www.gamespot.com/mass-effect/reviews/mass-effect-review-6191875/|url-status=live}}</ref> | align="left" | - | align="left" |8,5/10<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gamespot.com/mass-effect/reviews/mass-effect-review-6183119/|title=GameSpot review|lang=en|author=Kevin VanOrd|work={{-|[[GameSpot]]}}|access-date=2012-04-25|archive-date=2012-05-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120501004812/http://www.gamespot.com/mass-effect/reviews/mass-effect-review-6183119/|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[GameSpy]]}} | align="left" |5 zvězd<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pc.gamespy.com/pc/bioware-rpg/877353p1.html|title=GameSpy: Mass Effect|lang=en|work={{-|[[GameSpy]]}}|last=Villoria|first=Gerald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080531073014/http://pc.gamespy.com/pc/bioware-rpg/877353p1.html|archive-date=2008-05-31}}</ref> | align="left" | - | align="left" |5 zvězd<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://xbox360.gamespy.com/xbox-360/mass-effect/836239p1.html|title=Gamespy review |lang=en |work={{-|[[GameSpy]]}}|last=Villoria|first=Gerald |access-date=2009-05-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071120143528/http://xbox360.gamespy.com/xbox-360/mass-effect/836239p1.html|archive-date=2007-11-20}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[GamesRadar (žurnal)|GamesRadar+]]}} | align="left" |9/10 | align="left" | - | align="left" |9/10<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gamesradar.com/mass-effect-12/ |title=Mass Effect review |lang=en |work={{-|[[GamesRadar (žurnal|GamesRadar]]}} |author=Eric Bratcher|access-date=2012-05-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121013070541/http://www.gamesradar.com/mass-effect-review/|archive-date=2012-10-13}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[GameTrailers]]}} | align="left" | - | align="left" | - | align="left" |9,6/10<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.gametrailers.com/gamereview.php?id=2211|title=Mass Effect |website={{-|[[GameTrailers]]}}|access-date=February 22, 2009|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090222082413/http://www.gametrailers.com/gamereview.php?id=2211 |archive-date=February 22, 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[IGN]]}} | align="left" |9,4/10<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2008/05/27/mass-effect-review |title=Mass Effect Review |website={{-|[[IGN]]}}|access-date=October 1, 2016 |author=Jason Ocampo |date=May 27, 2008 |lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140530035846/http://www.ign.com/articles/2008/05/27/mass-effect-review |archive-date=May 30, 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> | align="left" |9,0/10<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2012/12/10/mass-effect-ps3-review |title=Mass Effect PS3 Review |website={{-|[[IGN]]}}|access-date=October 2, 2016 |author=Colin Moriarty |date=December 10, 2012 |lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160129185655/http://www.ign.com/articles/2012/12/10/mass-effect-ps3-review |archive-date=January 29, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> | align="left" |9,4/10<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2007/11/19/mass-effect-review-2 |title=Mass Effect Review |website={{-|[[IGN]]}}|access-date=October 1, 2016 |author=Erik Brudvig |date=November 19, 2007 |lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160924220330/http://www.ign.com/articles/2007/11/19/mass-effect-review-2 |archive-date=September 24, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[Official Xbox Magazine]]}} | align="left" | - | align="left" | - | align="left" |10/10<ref>{{Cite magazine |url=http://www.oxmonline.com/mass-effect-review |title=Mass Effect review |magazine={{-|[[Official Xbox Magazine]]}}|author=Paul Curthoys |date=November 19, 2007 |access-date=October 6, 2011 |lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111006140039/http://www.oxmonline.com/mass-effect-review |archive-date=October 6, 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[3DNews]]}} | align="left" |9,5/10<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.3dnews.ru/games/mass_effect/|title=Mass Effect — покорители вселенной|author=Сапрыкин, Геннадий|date=2008-06-07|access-date=2012-04-24|lang=ru|work={{-|[[3DNews]]}}|archive-date=2012-03-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120307111127/http://www.3dnews.ru/games/mass_effect|url-status=live}}</ref> | align="left" | - | align="left" | - |- | align="left" |{{-|[[Absolute Games]]}} | align="left" |79 %<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ag.ru/games/mass-effect/review |title=Рецензия на Mass Effect |author=Nomad |date=2008-06-15 |access-date=2019-12-12 |lang=ru |work={{-|[[Absolute Games]]}}|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130101061931/https://ag.ru/games/mass-effect/review|archive-date=2013-01-01}}</ref> | align="left" | - | align="left" | - |- | align="left" |{{-|[[PlayGround.ru]]}} | align="left" |8,6/10<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.playground.ru/articles/21303/ |title=Mass Effect. Сны о чем-то большем |author=demigot |date=2008-06-26 |access-date=2012-04-24 |lang=ru |work={{-|[[PlayGround.ru|Playground]]}}|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200812202004/https://www.playground.ru/mass_effect/opinion/mass_effect_sny_o_chem_to_bolshem-421303|archive-date=2020-08-12}}</ref> | align="left" | - | align="left" | - |- | align="left" |{{-|[[Игромания (žurnal)|Игромания]]}} | align="left" |9,5/10<ref>{{Cite web |author=Курган, Георгий |title=Полные рецензии > Mass Effect |url=http://www.igromania.ru/articles/56443/Mass_Effect.htm |work={{-|[[Игромания (žurnal)|Игромания]]}} |year=2008|publisher={{-|Игромедиа}}|lang=ru |archive-date=2012-04-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120411071729/http://www.igromania.ru/articles/56443/Mass_Effect.htm }}</ref> | align="left" | - | align="left" | - |} == Prodolženje-sikvel == Tvorjenje vtoroj igry počelo se v početku 2008-go lěta. {{-|[[Mass Effect 2]]}} byla izdana je 26 januara 2010-go lěta<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.vg247.com/mass-effect-comfirmed-for-january-2010-release-with-preorder-bonus| title = Mass Effect 2 confirmed for January 2010 release with preorder bonus| date = October 16, 2009| first = Stephany| last = Nunneley-Jackson|lang=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.cnews.ru/news/line/mass_effect_2_data_vyhoda| title = Mass Effect 2. Дата выхода| date = October 17, 2009|lang=ru}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web| url = https://gamemag.ru/news/48799/mass-effect-2-stal-pervym-igrovym-blokbasterom-2010-goda| title = Mass Effect 2 стал первым игровым блокбастером 2010 года| date = February 3, 2010| first = Сергей| last = Дьяконенко|lang=ru}}</ref>. Na {{-|PlayStation 3}} igra byla izdana 18 januara 2011-go lěta<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2010/12/09/mass-effect-2-ps3-release-date|title=Mass Effect 2 PS3 Release Date|date=December 9, 2010|first=Jim|last=Reilly|lang=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blog.bioware.com/2010/12/15/mass-effect-2-on-playstation-3-podcast-and-gold-announcement/|title=Mass Effect 2 on Playstation 3 Podcast and Gold Announcement|date=December 15, 2010|first=Evil Chris|last=Priestly|lang=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.ea.com/press-releases/press-releases-details/2011/BioWares-Award-Winning-Mass-Effect-2-Makes-PlayStation-3-Debut-Today/default.aspx|date=January 18, 2011|title=BioWare’s Award-Winning Mass Effect 2 Makes PlayStation 3 Debut Today|lang=en}}</ref>. V {{-|Mass Effect 2}} možno importovati shranjenu igru iz {{-|Mass Effect}} — dejanja iz prvoj igry imajut vliv vo vtoroj<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2009/12/28/mass-effect-2-importing-requires-hard-drive|title=Mass Effect 2 Importing Requires Hard Drive|date=December 28, 2009|first=Jim|last=Reilly|lang=en}}</ref>. == Iztočniky == {{Iztočniky}} == Vnešne linky == * {{-|{{MobyGames|31277/mass-effect/}}}} {{Pravopis prověrjeny}} [[Kategorija:Mass Effect]] [[Kategorija:Kompjuterne igry, ktore stvorila BioWare]] [[Kategorija:Kompjuterne igry, ktore izdala Electronic Arts]] [[Kategorija:Igry za Windows]] [[Kategorija:Igry za Xbox 360]] [[Kategorija:Igry na igromotoru Unreal Engine 3]] [[Kategorija:Igry za PlayStation 3]] [[Kategorija:Videoigry]] duz8axtncoio2arsn655rmxv4db97wn 45621 45620 2026-08-13T06:36:30Z Ilja isv 10 45621 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kartka kompjuterna igra |obložka= |nazva = {{-|Mass Effect}} |razrabotniki={{-|[[BioWare]]}} |izdatelji={{-|[[Microsoft Game Studios]]}}, {{-|[[Electronic Arts]]}} |serija={{-|[[Mass Effect]]}} |dataizdanja={{-|[[Xbox 360]]}}: [[Severna Amerika]]: 20 novembra 2007 [[Avstralija]]: 22 novembra 2007 [[Evropejsky sojuz]]: 23 novembra 2007 {{-|[[Microsoft Windows|Windows]]}}: [[Severna Amerika]]: 28 maja 2008 [[Avstralija]]: 5 junija 2008 [[Evropejsky sojuz]]: 6 junija 2008 {{-|[[PlayStation 3]]}}: [[Severna Amerika]]: 4 dekembra 2012 [[Evropejsky sojuz]]: 7 dekembra 2012 |žanr={{-|action role-playing}} |platformy={{-|[[Xbox 360]], [[Microsoft Windows]], [[PlayStation 3]]}} |igrovy motor={{-|[[Unreal Engine 3]]}}<ref>{{Cite web| url=https://www.unrealengine.com/blog/mass-effect| title=Critically Acclaimed Mass Effect Powered by Unreal Engine 3| date=November 20, 2007| first=John| last=Gaudiosi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.gamesradar.com/mass-effect-legendary-edition-uses-unreal-engine-3-for-good-reason-according-to-the-developers/ |title=Mass Effect: Legendary Edition uses Unreal Engine 3 for good reason according to the developers |website=GamesRadar+ |date=4 February 2021 |access-date=12 October 2022 |archive-date=6 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210206190428/https://www.gamesradar.com/mass-effect-legendary-edition-uses-unreal-engine-3-for-good-reason-according-to-the-developers/ |url-status=live }}</ref> |režim igry=jedin igrač |glava=[[Casey Hudson|Kejsi Hadson]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://akamai.cdn.ea.com/eadownloads/u/f/manuals/GAME-MASSEFFECT/Manuals.zip|type=zip|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250101115505/http://akamai.cdn.ea.com/eadownloads/u/f/manuals/GAME-MASSEFFECT/Manuals.zip|archive-date=2025-01-01|access-date=2026-08-12|ref= {{sfnref|Manual|2008}}|title= Mass Effect PC Manual|year=2008 }}</ref> |gejmdizajner=Preston Wataman{{-|iu|jу}}k{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=32}} |programist=David Falkner{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=32}}<ref>{{-|[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1073668/fullcredits/?ref_=tt_cst_sm#amzn1.imdb.concept.name_credit_category.a7c2d410-e513-4bd7-85d5-73060ec46a84 Mass Effect (Video Game 2007) - Full cast & crew | Additional Crew]}} na {{-|[[IMDb]]}}</ref> |hudožnik=Derek Watts{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=32}}<ref>{{-|[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1073668/fullcredits/?ref_=tt_cst_sm#amzn1.imdb.concept.name_credit_category.60a44752-af76-44f7-9de0-ec51aea2180d Mass Effect (Video Game 2007) - Full cast & crew | Art Director]}} na {{-|[[IMDb]]}}</ref> |kompozitori=[[Jack Wall|Džek Vol]],{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=32}}<ref name=":9" /> [[Sam Hulick|Sam Hulik]],{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=32}}<ref name=":9" /> [[Richard Jacques|Rišar Žak]],{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=32}}<ref name=":9" /> David {{-|Kates|Кеjтс}}{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=32}}<ref name=":9" />|jezyky interfejsa=[[Anglijsky jezyk|anglijsky]], [[Francuzsky jezyk|francuzsky]], [[Němečsky jezyk|němečsky]], [[Špansky jezyk|špansky]], [[Italijansky jezyk|italijansky]], [[Russky jezyk|russky]], [[Poljsky jezyk|poljsky]]}} '''''{{-|Mass Effect}}''''' ({{Jezyky|isv|Efekt masy}}) — [[kompjuterna igra]] v žanru {{-|action-role-play}}, ktoru stvorila studija {{-|[[BioWare]]}} i izdala {{-|[[Microsoft Game Studios]]}} v lětu 2007.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.ign.com/articles/2007/11/19/mass-effect-review-2| date = November 19, 2007| title = Mass Effect Review| first = Erik| last = Brudvig|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161005213517/http://www.ign.com/articles/2007/11/19/mass-effect-review-2|archive-date=2016-10-05}}</ref> Je prvoju čestju [[Mass Effect|serije {{-|Mass Effect}}]]. V 2007 leto igra prišla jedino toliko na {{-|[[Xbox 360]]}}.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web| url = http://xbox360.gamespy.com/xbox-360/mass-effect/836239p1.html| title = Mass Effect| date = November 19, 2007| first = Gerald| last = Villoria|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071120143528/http://xbox360.gamespy.com/xbox-360/mass-effect/836239p1.html|archive-date=2007-11-20}}</ref> V 2008 javila se versija igry na {{-|[[Microsoft Windows|Windows]]}},<ref name=":1">{{Cite web| url = http://pc.gamespy.com/pc/bioware-rpg/877353p1.html| title = BioWare's space opera comes to PC and is still one of the greatest role-playing games we've ever played.| date = May 28, 2008| first = Gerald| last = Villoria|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080531073014/http://pc.gamespy.com/pc/bioware-rpg/877353p1.html|archive-date=2008-05-31}}</ref> v 2012 prišla versija na {{-|[[PlayStation 3]]}}.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.ign.com/articles/2012/09/26/mass-effect-trilogy-set-announced| title = Mass Effect Trilogy Set Announced| date = September 26, 2012| first = Andrew| last = Goldfarb|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120926193158/http://www.ign.com/articles/2012/09/26/mass-effect-trilogy-set-announced|archive-date=2012-09-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.gamespot.com/articles/mass-effect-trilogy-comes-to-ps3-dec-4/1100-6399374/| title = Mass Effect Trilogy comes to PS3 Dec. 4| date = November 2, 2010| first = Eddie| last = Makuch|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107221336/https://www.gamespot.com/articles/mass-effect-trilogy-comes-to-ps3-dec-4/1100-6399374/|archive-date=2017-11-07}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web| url = https://blog.bioware.com/2012/11/01/ryan-warden-an-update-on-the-mass-effect-trilogy/| title = Ryan Warden: An Update on the Mass Effect Trilogy| date = November 1, 2012|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103041035/http://blog.bioware.com/2012/11/01/ryan-warden-an-update-on-the-mass-effect-trilogy/|archive-date=2012-11-03}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web| url = https://www.ign.com/articles/2012/11/30/reminder-mass-effect-comes-to-ps3-very-soon| title = Reminder: Mass Effect Comes to PS3 Very Soon| date = November 30, 2012| first = Colin| last = Moriarty|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121203054258/http://www.ign.com/articles/2012/11/30/reminder-mass-effect-comes-to-ps3-very-soon|archive-date=2012-12-03}}</ref> Sjužet igry govori o tom, že v 22-om stoletju [[člověčstvo]] spoznalo i naučilo se rabotati s tehnologijeju svrhsvětlovyh lětanij v [[Kosmos|kosmosu]] s pomočju nekakogo nulovogo elementa, ktory obnuloval masu-težinu (toj moment vpisan je v nazvanje igry). A takože v to stolětje ljudi zakontaktovali se s inoplanetnymi civilizacijami.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=6}} Glavny heroj ili herojinja (to izbiraje igrač) igry komander Šepard dobyvaje status Spektra — specialnogo soldata na služenju galaktičnoj rady-sověta Citadely, i so svojim odredom pošeti različne mesta i zvezdne sistemy galaktiky. V 2008 lětu za igru izdali dodatny kontent pod nazvoju ''{{-|Bring Down the Sky}}'',<ref name=":10">{{Cite web| url = http://pc.gamespy.com/pc/bioware-rpg/894639p1.html| title = Free Downloadable Content Now Available for Mass Effect PC| date = July 29, 2008|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080802190447/http://pc.gamespy.com/pc/bioware-rpg/894639p1.html|archive-date=2008-08-08}}</ref> v ktorom potrebno bylo spasati planetu Tera Nova od asteroida {{-|X57}} i teroristov.<ref name=":11">{{Cite web| url = https://www.ign.com/articles/2008/02/25/mass-effect-bring-down-the-sky-interview| title = Mass Effect: Bring Down the Sky Interview| date = February 25, 2008| first = Erik| last = Brudvig|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130216182140/http://www.ign.com/articles/2008/02/25/mass-effect-bring-down-the-sky-interview|archive-date=2013-02-16}}</ref> V 2009 lětu za igru izdali dodatny kontent pod nazvoju ''{{-|Pinnacle Station}}'', ktory dodaval nekoliko zadanij, a takože možnost dobyti v nagradu apartamenty.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.eurogamer.net/me-pinnacle-station-dlc-detailed| title = New Mass Effect DLC detailed| date = August 24, 2009| first = Robert| last = Purchese|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128113544/https://www.eurogamer.net/me-pinnacle-station-dlc-detailed|archive-date=2022-11-28}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite web| url = https://gamemag.ru/news/44026/mass-effect-dopolnenie-pinnacle-station-dostupno-v-xbox-live| title = Mass Effect: Дополнение "Pinnacle Station" доступно в Xbox Live| date = August 24, 2009| last = livesaifer|lang=ru|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260731230912/https://gamemag.ru/news/44026/mass-effect-dopolnenie-pinnacle-station-dostupno-v-xbox-live|archive-date=2026-07-31}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.gamespot.com/articles/new-mass-effect-dlc-avatar-items-now-available/1100-6216123/| title = New Mass Effect DLC, avatar items now available. UPDATE Microsoft releases Pinnacle Station, a 13-mission, two-to-three-hour add-on to the popular Xbox 360 role-playing game; Mass Effect outfits hit Marketplace en masse.| date = August 25, 2009| first = Tor| last = Thorsen|lang=en}}</ref><ref name=":13">{{Cite web| url = https://www.ign.com/articles/2009/08/25/mass-effect-pinnacle-station-review| title = Mass Effect: Pinnacle Station Review| date = August 25, 2009| first = Erik| last = Brudvig|lang=en}}</ref> Dalje byli izdane igry {{-|[[Mass Effect 2]]}} v 2010 lětu i {{-|[[Mass Effect 3]]}} v 2012,<ref name=":4" /> ktore stvorili trilogiju o komanderu Šepardu. V 2021 leto igra byla obnovjena v svezku izdanja {{-|[[Mass Effect: Legendary Edition]]}}.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://news.ea.com/press-releases/press-releases-details/2021/Relive-the-Award-Winning-Space-Opera-in-Mass-Effect-Legendary-Edition-on-May-14/default.aspx| title = Relive the Award-Winning Space Opera in Mass Effect Legendary Edition on May 14| date = February 2, 2021|lang=en}}</ref> == Gejmplej == ''{{-|Mass Effect}} '' — je igra v žanru {{-|action-rpg}} za jednogo igrača, v ktoroj igrač upravjaje komanderom Šepardom ({{Jezyky|en|Commander Shepard}}) s pogledom od tretjego lica. Pred početkom igry potrebno izbrati ime igrača (ktoro na igrovy svet ne vlijaje), pol, izgled, jedin iz nekoliko variantov predhistorije, igrovy klas-specialnost. {{sfn|Manual|2008|p=7-9}} Za izbor dostupne sut 6 klasov. Každy klas imaje svoju specialnost v oružju i sposobnostah.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=8}} Igrač i učestniki odreda mogut orudovati vsakym oružjem, ale efektivnost togo zavisi od klasa i parametrov každogo.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=8}} Na kosmičnom korabu igrača dostupna je karta galaktiky, s pomočju ktoroj igrač može premeščati se po svetu. V galaktikě sut grupy-skupiny zvezd, v ktoryh sut zvezdne sistemy, v ktoryh už sut planety i kosmične stancije. Za premeščenije medžu grupami zvezd potrebno upotrebjati retranslatory masy ({{Jezyky|en|Mass-Relay}}).{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=14-15}} Kosmičny korab igrača imaje nazvu "Normandija" ({{Jezyky|en|Normandy SR-1}}) — to je esperimentalny korab, ktory stvorili naučniki Aliansa sistem ({{Jezyky|en|Systems Alliance}}) v koperacije s turianskymi ({{Jezyky|en|turians}}) specialistami. Toj korab upotrebjaje se igračem za putovanje medžu planetami i zvezdami s pomočju interaktivnoj karty. Na korabu irač može govoriti s ljudami-služebnikami koraba (medikami, inženjerami) i učestnikami svojego odreda. Na planetah i stancijah igrač izpolnjaje zadanja-operacije, kvesty i vzajemodejstvuje s {{-|NPC}}.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=10-11}} Po završenju-koncu zadanij igrač dobyvaje specialne pointy, ktore dozvoljajut razvivati sposobnosti, dobyvaje predmety za inventar. Inventar imaje razmer v 150 elementov-predmetov. Nepotrebne predmety možno prodati, utilizirovati v omni-gel, ktory je potreben za otkrytje zamkov i remonta vsekdehoda "Mako".{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=22}} Vsekdehod "Mako" možno upotrebjati na planetah za preměščenje na velike distancije i strěljbu po neprijateljam. Takože vsekdehod je pomočen na nektoryh zlyh planetah, na ktoryh okolična pogoda jest škodliva dlja odreda.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=26}} A na kosmičnyh stancijah i planetah možno kupiti različne predmety kako oružje, bronju i dodatne ulepšenja. === Bojeva sistema === Boji idut v realnom času. Igrač upravjaje Šepardom od tretjego lica. V odredu igrača takože je jedino dva personaža, ktorymi upravjaje kompjuter i ktorym može davati komandy igrač, naprimer: atakovati neprijatelja, zajeti ukrytje i tako dalje.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=16-17}} V čas boja igrač može otkryti taktično menju, ktoro stopuje igru i v ktorom možno smeniti oružje, ukazati koju sposobnost upotrebiti (kako Šepardu tako i učestnikam odreda). Každa sposobnost imaje svoju meru-vreme za obnovjene posle každogo upotrebjenja.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=16-17}} Oružje igrača ne trebuje naboja, jednako dost silna streljba može pregreti oružje i nektoro vreme nemožno bude streljati. To trebuje delati pauzu medžu streljanjem. V igrě sut 4 tipov oružja: pistolety, pompovky, vintovky, snajperske ružja i granaty.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=18-19}} Bronja takože različna: legka, sredna, težka. Vsaka bronja imaje različne specializacije i sposobnosti. Takože može byti ograničenje v zavisnosti od klasa igrača ili učestnika odreda. Takože je razlika medžu civilizacijami: ljudi i azari ({{Jezyky|en|asari}}) mogut nositi jednu bronju, turianci imajut svoju bronju, krogani ({{Jezyky|en|krogans}}) svoju.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=20-21}} Akoli gibnut učestniki odreda, to ih možno lečiti s pomočju medi-gela, akoli gibne igrač, to treba restartovati igru od poslednego shranjenja. === Dialogova sistema === Igrač izbiraje varianty za odgovor s pomočju dialogovogo kolesa ({{Jezyky|en|dialogue wheel}}).{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=10-11}} Obyčajno, ale ne vsegda, v pravoj vrhnoj straně sut rečenja heroja-paragona, a v pravoj nižnej-dolnoj straně sut rečenja odstupnika-renegata. Rečenja heroja sut sinjego cveta-kolora, a odstupnika-renegata črvenogo. V levoj straně kolesa sut varianty rečenja, ktore mogut zapytati nekojego {{-|NPC}} o predmetě govorenja. Herojske-paragonske rečenja dodajut igraču pointy heroja, a odstupničske-renegatske dajut pointy renegata. Te pointy dajut nove varianty dejanij v različne momenty igry. Te varianty mogut dati dodatnu informaciju, izbegti boja, spasti nekojego.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=24}} == Sjužet == === Igrovy svet === Dejanje tutoj igry ide v [[Mlěčny put|Mlěčnom putu]] v 22 stoletju. Človečstvo spoznalo letanja v kosmosu s pomočju nulevogo elementa i mas-retranslatorov ({{Jezyky|en|mass relays}}). Retranslatory směnšajut masu-težinu korabov do nula i s pomočju togo koraby kako by teleportujut se{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=6}}. Krome človečstva v galaktikě sut množstva drugyh inoplanetnyh civilizacij, nektora čest kojih stvorila specialny Sovět na kosmičnoj stanciji Citadel. Osnovne civilizacije sut azari ({{Jezyky|en|asari}}), turianci ({{Jezyky|en|turians}}) i salarianci ({{Jezyky|en|salarians}})<ref>{{-|[[BioWare]]}}. {{-|Mass Effect}} (2007). Igrovy Kodeks: "Inoplanetjani: Rasy v Sovetě Citadely" ({{Jezyky|en|Aliens: Council Races}}).</ref>. Nektore civilizacije sut prědstavjene na Citadelě s pomočju ambasad: volusi ({{Jezyky|en|voluses}}), hanari ({{Jezyky|en|hanars}}), elkori ({{Jezyky|en|elcors}}), a takože ljudi<ref>{{-|[[BioWare]]}}. {{-|Mass Effect}} (2007). Igrovy Kodeks: "Inoplanetjani: Rasy ne v Sovetě Citadely" ({{Jezyky|en|Aliens: Non-Council Races}}).</ref>. Takože sut nektore civilizacije, ktore živut vne Citadelskogo prostora: krogani ({{Jezyky|en|krogans}}), batarianci ({{Jezyky|en|batarians}}), kvarianci ({{Jezyky|en|quarians}}). Vse životne civilizacije v igrě imajut nazvu ''organične'', a robotove civilizacije, kako gety ({{Jezyky|en|geths}}) i Žnecy ({{Jezyky|en|Reapers}}) ''sintetične''. Člověčstvo prvy raz strětilo se s inymi civilizacijami (turiancami) v 2149 lětu i ta strěča počela se kako vojna, ktora skoro završila se. Ljudi izšli v novy sektor kosmosa s pomočju retranslatora, ale zakon Citadele ne dozvoljaje aktivirovati nerazvedane retranslatory; zamesto govorenja turianci izničtožili prve koraby ljudij i to dejanje stalo pričinoju vojny.<ref name=":17">[[BioWare]]. {{-|Mass Effect}} (2007). Igrovy Kodeks: "Človečstvo i Alians Sistem" ({{Jezyky|en|Humanity and the Systems Alliance}}).</ref> Potom človečstvo dobylo svoje město v galaktičnom sociumu posle nektoryh drugyh dejanij<ref name=":17" />. Na moment početka igry komander Šepard potreben byl stati prvym človekom Spektrom. Spektri sut specialni ljudi, u kojih administracija je Sovět Citadele<ref>{{-|[[BioWare]]}}. {{-|Mass Effect}} (2007). Igrovy Kodeks: "Citadel i Galaktičska vlada" ({{Jezyky|en|Citadel and Galactic Government}}).</ref>. === Personaži === ==== Šepard ==== Glavny personaž igry je komander Šepard ({{Jezyky|en|Shepard}}). V zavisnosti od igrača Šepard može byti žena ili muž. Standardno mužsko ime je Džon ({{Jezyky|en|John}}), a žensko Džejn ({{Jezyky|en|Jane}}). Prědhistorija Šeparda takože izbiraje se igračem: {| class="wikitable" |+Varianty biografije Šeparda{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=7-9}} ! colspan="2" |Do armije |- |Kolonist ({{Jezyky|en|colonist}}) |Dětinstvo Šeparda bylo na kolonije Mindoir. Koloniju atakovali sut piraty-rabotrgovci i ubili jegovyh roditeljev. Šeparda vzeli k sobe dozorny patrol Aliansa. Kogda Šepardu stalo 18 let, on pošel v armiju Aliansa. |- |Rodženi na Zemji ({{Jezyky|en|Earthborn}}) |Šepard byl sirota i jegovo dětinstvo prošlo v uličnyh bandah. Kogda Šepardu stalo 18 let, on pošel v armiju. |- |Kosmičnik ({{Jezyky|en|Spacer}}) |Roditelji Šeparda sut vojskovi ljudi. Vse dětinstvo Šepard byl na kosmičnyh korabah. Potom zapisal se v armiju Aliansa. |- ! colspan="2" |V čas služenja v armije |- |Heroj vojny ({{Jezyky|en|War Hero}}) |V čas služenja na člověčskoj koloniji Elizium ({{Jezyky|en|Elysium}}) bojeval protiv piratov, kojih bylo mnogo, odbivši ataku. |- |Izživši ({{Jezyky|en|Sole Survivor}}) |Na planetě Akuza ({{Jezyky|en|Akuze}}) odred Šeparda byl atakovan velikym inoplanetnym životnym i byl cělo izničtoženy. Ostal jedino Šepard. |- |Ljuty ({{Jezyky|en|Ruthless}}) |Na planetě Torfan ({{Jezyky|en|Torfan}}) Šepard izgubil 3/4 svojego odreda, ale izpolnil zadanje, a takože izničil vsih neprijatelskyh piratov-batariancev. |} Mužsky glas Šeparda dal aktor {{-|[[Mark Meer]]}}<ref name=":18">[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1073668/fullcredits/?ref_=tt_cst_sm#amzn1.imdb.concept.name_credit_group.7caf7d16-5db9-4f4f-8864-d4c6e711c686 Mass Effect (Video Game 2007) - Full cast] na [[IMDb]]</ref>. Žensky glas Šeparda dala aktrisa {{-|[[Jennifer Hale]]}}<ref name=":18" />. ==== Ekipa Normandije ==== ===== Džef Džoker Moro ===== Džef Džoker Moro ({{Jezyky|en|Jeff Joker Moreau}}) — je profesionalny pilot Normandije. Imaje veliku problemu s kostami, one sut slabe. Glas jemu dal aktor {{-|[[Seth Benjamin Gesshel Green]]}}<ref>[https://www.mobygames.com/person/266203/seth-b-green/credits/ Seth B. Green - Video Game Credits - MobyGames], "Mass Effect (2007, Xbox 360) Jeff “Joker” Moreau"</ref><ref name=":18" />. ===== Greg Adams ===== Greg Adams ({{Jezyky|en|Greg Adams}}) — je glavny inženjer Normandije. On rabotaje v inženjernoj sekciji koraba. Glas jemu dal aktor {{-|[[Roger Labon Jackson]]}}<ref>[https://www.mobygames.com/person/1179/roger-labon-jackson/credits/ Roger Labon Jackson - Video Game Credits - MobyGames], "Mass Effect (2007, Xbox 360) Additional Voices"</ref><ref name=":18" />. ===== Karin Čakvas ===== Karin Čakvas ({{Jezyky|en|Karin Chakwas}}) — je glavna doktorka Normandije. Glas jej dala aktrisa {{-|[[Carolyn Seymour]]}}<ref>[https://www.mobygames.com/person/17150/carolyn-seymour/credits/ Carolyn Seymour - Video Game Credits - MobyGames], "Mass Effect (2007, Xbox 360) Additional Voices"</ref><ref name=":18" />. ==== Osnovne učestniki odreda ==== ===== Ričard Dženkins ===== Ričard Dženkins ({{Jezyky|en|Richard L. Jenkins}}) — soldat Aliansa. Imaje klas i sposobnosti soldata. Jegovo ime i historija v igrě imaje svez s mem-personažem Lirojem Dženkinsom. Glas jemu dal aktor {{-|[[George Joshua Christian Dean]]}}<ref>[https://www.mobygames.com/person/122414/josh-dean/credits/ Josh  Dean - Video Game Credits - MobyGames], "Mass Effect (2007, Xbox 360) Additional Voices"</ref><ref name=":18" />. ===== Kajdan Alenko ===== Kajdan Alenko ({{Jezyky|en|Kaidan Alenko}}) — lejtenant-poručnik, a takože biotik. Kako igrovy personaž imaje sposobnosti-specializaciju biotika. On je vozmožny romantičsky interes Šeparda-ženy. Glas jemu dal aktor {{-|[[Raphael Sbarge]]}}<ref>[https://www.mobygames.com/person/9258/raphael-sbarge/credits/ Raphael Sbarge - Video Game Credits - MobyGames], "Mass Effect (Xbox 360) Kaidan Alenko"</ref><ref name=":18" />. ===== Ešli Viljams ===== Ešli Viljams ({{Jezyky|en|Ashley Medelin Williams}}) — kosmična pěhotnica Aliansa. Igrač strěčaje ju v prvoj misiji igry. Ona je možnym romantičskym interesom Šeparda-muža. Glas jej dala aktrisa {{-|[[Kimberly Brooks]]}}<ref name=":18" />. ===== Urdnot Reks ===== Urdnot Reks ({{Jezyky|en|Urdnot Wrex}}) — krogan-biotik. Šepard strěčaje jego na Citadeli. Reks imaje praktično obče celji s Šepardom i ide pomogati jemu. Glas jemu dal aktor {{-|[[Steven Barr]]}}<ref name=":18" />. ===== Liara T'Soni ===== Liara T'Soni ({{Jezyky|en|Liara T’Soni}}) — je azarijska naučnica, a takože biotička, koja zajmaje se ksenoarheologijeju. Šepard strěčaje ju v jednoj iz misij igry, po ktoroj ona ide pomogati jemu. Ona je možnym romantičskym interesom za Šepardov obohdvoh polov. Glas jej dala aktrisa {{-|[[Ali Hillis]]}}<ref name=":18" />. ===== Garus Vakarian ===== Garus Vakarian ({{Jezyky|en|Garrus Vakarian}}) — je turianec, ktori rabotaje v službe bezpečnosti Citadele. Posle něktoryh činov od strany administracije služby bezpečnosti Citadele on odhodi odovud i prisjedinjaje se k odredu Šeparda, daby pomogti jemu. Glas jemu dal aktor {{-|[[Brandon James Keener]]}}<ref name=":18" />. ===== Tali Zora ===== Tali Zora ({{Jezyky|en|Tali'Zorah}}) — je kvarianka-tehnička, ktora byla atakovana v čas svojego putovanja něktorymi osobami. Ona imaje něktore silne dokazy o dělah, ktore sut svezany s cěljem raboty Šeparda. Glas jej dala aktrisa {{-|[[Ash Sroka]]}}<ref name=":18" />. ==== Antagonisti ==== ===== Saren Arterius ===== Saren Arterius ({{Jezyky|en|Saren Arterius}}) — je turianec-Spektr, ktory skooperiroval se s getami zaradi někakyh svojih cěljev i jest jedin iz glavnyh antagonistov igry. Glas jemu dal aktor {{-|[[Fred Tatasciore]]}}<ref name=":18" />. == Dodatne epizody ({{-|DLC}}) == Dlja ''{{-|Mass Effect}}'' je bylo izdano 2 {{-|DLC}}: ''{{-|Bring Down the Sky}}'' v marcu 2008 lěta, ''{{-|Pinnacle Station}}'' v avgustu 2009 lěta. V 2012 leto {{-|DLC}} ''{{-|Bring Down the Sky}}'' bylo izdano za {{-|[[PlayStation 3]]}}<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" />, ale ''{{-|Pinnacle Station}}'' izdan ne byl. {| class="wikitable" style="width: 100%;" |- style="text-align: center;" ! rowspan="2" style="width:40%;" |Nazva ! colspan="3" |Data izdanja |- ! style="width:20%;" |{{-|Xbox 360}} ! style="width:20%;" |{{-|Microsoft Windows}} ! style="width:20%;" |{{-|PlayStation 3}} |- | colspan="4" bgcolor="#e6e9ff" | |- align="center" bgcolor="#f2f2f2" | * {{Jezyky|en|Bring Down the Sky}} * {{Jezyky|de|Kollisionskurs}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.eurogamer.de/mass-effect-x57-dlc-kollisionskurs|title=Mass Effect: X57 DLC: Kollisionskurs|date=2008|first=Benjamin|last=Jakobs|lang=de}}</ref><ref name=":14">[https://www.mobygames.com/game/58908/mass-effect/credits/ps3/ MobyGames | Mass Effect Credits Bring Down the Sky: Keywords International Ltd.] </ref> * {{Jezyky|pl|Bring Down the Sky}}<ref name=":14" /> * {{Jezyky|fr|Turbulences à 900 000 Pieds}}<ref name=":14" /><ref>[https://www.gamekult.com/jeux/mass-effect-turbulences-a-900-000-pieds-3010006267.html www.gamekult.com - Mass Effect : Turbulences à 900.000 pieds]</ref> * {{Jezyky|ru|Гибель с небес}}<ref>[https://piper.old-games.ru/project/snowball_ru/www.snowball.ru/me/ Snowball Studios | Mass Effect: Золотое издание] </ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=December 30, 2008 |title="Mass Effect: Гибель с небес". Качаем |url=https://www.cnews.ru/news/line/mass_effect_gibel_s_nebes_kachaem |url-status=live|language=ru}}</ref> * {{Jezyky|it|Impatto imminente}}<ref name=":14" /><ref>[https://www.xbox.com/it-IT/games/store/impatto-imminente-en/BVTTSL5Q7D24 <nowiki>Xbox.com | Impatto imminente [EN]</nowiki>]</ref> |20 marca 2008 lěta |28 maja 2008 lěta<ref name=":10" /> |4 dekembra 2012 lěta<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ixbt.games/news/ps3-versiya-mass-effect-trilogy-v-dekabre.html|title=PS3-версия Mass Effect Trilogy в декабре|date=November 2, 2012|lang=ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2012/12/10/mass-effect-ps3-review|title=Mass Effect PS3 Review|date=December 10, 2012|first=Colin|last=Moriarty|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121212174118/http://www.ign.com/articles/2012/12/10/mass-effect-ps3-review|archive-date=December 12, 2012|lang=en}}</ref> |- | colspan="4" style="border: none; vertical-align: top;" | V {{-|DLC}} jedno zadanje, v ktorom piraty-batarianci ({{Jezyky|en|batarians}}) hčut skydnuti asteroid {{-|X57}} na planetu Tera Nova ({{Jezyky|en|Terra Nova}})<ref name=":11" />. |- | colspan="4" bgcolor="#e6e9ff" | |- align="center" bgcolor="#f2f2f2" |{{Jezyky|en|Pinnacle Station}} |25 avgusta 2009 lěta<ref name=":12" /> |25 avgusta 2009 lěta |nema |- | colspan="4" style="border: none; vertical-align: top;" | To vtoro {{-|DLC}} dodaje trenovačnu kosmičnu stanciju. Jejny komandir je admiral Ahern ({{Jezyky|en|Tadius Ahern}}). Igrač može trenovati se na stancije v simulatoru, ktory imaje 12 scenarijev i bonusny scenarij, ktory simuliruje jedin boj iz Vojny Prvogo Kontakta ({{Jezyky|en|First Contact War}}). Akoli završiti bonusny scenarij, igrač dobyvaje v dar apartamenty na planetě Intajsej ({{Jezyky|en|Intai'sei}}), v ktoryh igrač može kupiti redke predmety za dost malu cenu, ktora je vo mnogo raz niže, neželi v magazinah<ref name=":13" />. |} == Muzika == Muzikalne kompozicije stvorjal [[Jack Wall|Džek Vol]]{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=32}}<ref name=":9">[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1073668/fullcredits/?ref_=tt_cst_sm#amzn1.imdb.concept.name_credit_category.00f5faa0-5f76-4eb5-87a1-ec8d484d1779 Mass Effect (Video Game 2007) - Full cast & crew | Composers] na {{-|[[IMDb]]}}</ref>, ktory do ''{{-|Mass Effect}}'' stvoril saundtrek dlja igry {{-|[[Jade Empire]]}} 2005-go lěta i ktoru takože stvorila {{-|[[BioWare]]}}<ref>[https://www.discogs.com/master/698381-Jack-Wall-Jade-Empire-Original-Video-Game-Soundtrack Jack Wall - Jade Empire (Original Video Game Soundtrack)] na [[Discogs]]</ref><ref>[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0455965/fullcredits/?ref_=tt_cst_sm#amzn1.imdb.concept.name_credit_category.00f5faa0-5f76-4eb5-87a1-ec8d484d1779 Jade Empire (Video Game 2005) - Full cast & crow | Composer] na {{-|[[IMDb]]}}</ref>. 20 novembra 2007-go lěta label {{-|[[Sumthing Else]]}} izdal album ''{{-|Mass Effect Original Game Soundtrack}}''<ref name=":5">{{Cite web| url = https://vgmdb.net/album/5380| title = Mass Effect Original Soundtrack| date = November 13, 2007|lang=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.gamesindustry.biz/sumthing-else-music-works-announces-release-of-the-mass-effect-original-soundtrack-from-the-blockbuster-xbox-360r-video-game| title = Sumthing Else Music Works Announces Release Of The Mass Effect Original Soundtrack From The Blockbuster Xbox 360(R) Video Game| date = November 19, 2007|lang=en}}</ref>, ktory sodržal v sobě 37 kompozicij iz igry (obča dolgota 1 čas i 15 minut), a takože kompoziciju iz albuma {{-|[[M4 (muzikalny album)|M4]]}} kanadskoj {{-|[[indie-rock]]}} grupy {{-|[[Faunts (muzikalna grupa)|Faunts]]}}, ktora zvuči v igrě pri finalnyh titrah<ref name=":5" />. 13 novembra 2012-go lěta label {{-|[[FUNimation]]}} izdal album ''{{-|Mass Effect Paragon Lost Original Motion Picture Soundtrack}}'', s dolgotoju 1 čas i 9 minut, ktory sodržal v sobě 27 kompozicij iz [[anime]]-seriala {{-|[[Mass Effect: Paragon Lost]]}}<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/press-release/2012-11-08/mass-effect/paragon-lost-animated-film-score-composed-by-joshua-r-mosley-and-david-kates| title = Mass Effect: Paragon Lost Animated FIlm Score Composed by Joshua R. Mosley and David Kates| date = November 8, 2012|lang=en}}</ref>. {| class="wikitable" |+Spisok kompozicij iz {{-|Mass Effect}}<ref name=":5" /> !№ !Nazva !Avtori !Dolgost |- | align="center" |1 | align="left" |{{-|Mass Effect Theme}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |02:21:00 |- | align="center" |2 | align="left" |{{-|The Normandy}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:35:00 |- | align="center" |3 | align="left" |{{-|Eden Prime}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:34:00 |- | align="center" |4 | align="left" |{{-|Battle At Eden Prime}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:23:00 |- | align="center" |5 | align="left" |{{-|Saren}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |02:00:00 |- | align="center" |6 | align="left" |{{-|The Citadel}} | align="left" |{{-|Richard Jacques, Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:45:00 |- | align="center" |7 | align="left" |{{-|The Presidium}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:32:00 |- | align="center" |8 | align="left" |{{-|The Wards}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |03:14:00 |- | align="center" |9 | align="left" |{{-|Criminal Elements}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:56:00 |- | align="center" |10 | align="left" |{{-|Spectre Induction}} | align="left" |{{-|Richard Jacques, Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:55:00 |- | align="center" |11 | align="left" |{{-|Liara's World}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |02:35:00 |- | align="center" |12 | align="left" |{{-|A Very Dangerous Place}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |02:40:00 |- | align="center" |13 | align="left" |{{-|Feros}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:34:00 |- | align="center" |14 | align="left" |{{-|Protecting The Colony}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:56:00 |- | align="center" |15 | align="left" |{{-|The Thorian}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |03:12:00 |- | align="center" |16 | align="left" |{{-|Noveria}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |02:14:00 |- | align="center" |17 | align="left" |{{-|The Secret Labs}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |02:39:00 |- | align="center" |18 | align="left" |{{-|The Alien Queen}} | align="left" |{{-|Richard Jacques, Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:44:00 |- | align="center" |19 | align="left" |{{-|Fatal Confrontation}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:09:00 |- | align="center" |20 | align="left" |{{-|Saren's Base}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:37:00 |- | align="center" |21 | align="left" |{{-|Breeding Ground}} | align="left" |{{-|Richard Jacques, Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |03:47:00 |- | align="center" |22 | align="left" |{{-|Virmire Ride}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:41:00 |- | align="center" |23 | align="left" |{{-|Exit}} | align="left" |{{-|Richard Jacques, Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:54:00 |- | align="center" |24 | align="left" |{{-|Love Theme}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:54:00 |- | align="center" |25 | align="left" |{{-|Uncharted Worlds}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:16:00 |- | align="center" |26 | align="left" |{{-|Ilos}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:39:00 |- | align="center" |27 | align="left" |{{-|Vigil}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:44:00 |- | align="center" |28 | align="left" |{{-|Sovereign's Theme}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:19:00 |- | align="center" |29 | align="left" |{{-|Uplink}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:12:00 |- | align="center" |30 | align="left" |{{-|Battling Saren}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:38:00 |- | align="center" |31 | align="left" |{{-|In Pursuit Of Saren}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:37:00 |- | align="center" |32 | align="left" |{{-|Infusion}} | align="left" |{{-|Richard Jacques, Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:30:00 |- | align="center" |33 | align="left" |{{-|Final Assault}} | align="left" |{{-|Richard Jacques, Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |02:02:00 |- | align="center" |34 | align="left" |{{-|Victory}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |00:51:00 |- | align="center" |35 | align="left" |{{-|From The Wreckage}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:54:00 |- | align="center" |36 | align="left" |{{-|The End (Reprise)}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:10:00 |- | align="center" |37 | align="left" |{{-|M4 Part II (Faunts)}} | align="left" |{{-|Faunts}} | align="center" |08:18:00 |} == Anons i izdanje == {{Sistemne trěbovanja|useminandrec=1|platform1=Osobne kompjutery|os1={{-|[[Windows XP]]}} i {{-|[[Windows Vista]]}}|os1rec={{-|[[Windows XP]]}} i vyše|cpu1=2,4 {{-|GHz|ГГц}} {{-|[[Intel]]}} ili 2,0 {{-|GHz|ГГц}} {{-|[[AMD]]}}|cpu1rec=2,6 {{-|GHz|ГГц}} {{-|Intel}} ili 2,4 {{-|GHz|ГГц}} {{-|AMD}} i vyše|gpu1=|gpu1rec=|memory1=1 [[Gigabajt|Gb]] {{-|[[RAM]]}} ({{-|XP}})/2 Gb {{-|RAM}} ({{-|Vista}})|memory1rec=2 Gb {{-|RAM}} i vyše|hdspace1=12 Gb|hdspace1rec=12 Gb i vyše|media1=|media1rec=|display1={{-|[[Nvidia GeForce|Nvidia GeForce 6]]}} ({{-|6800GT}} ili lepje) ili / {{-|[[ATI Radeon]]}} {{-|1300XT}} s poddržkoj šajder-modely 3.0|display1rec={{-|[[GeForce]]}} 7900 {{-|GTX}} / {{-|[[ATI Radeon]]}} {{-|X1800 XL}} i vyše|network1=|network1rec=|sound1=Sumestima-kompatibilna s {{-|DirectX 9.0}} sumestima [[zvukova karta]]|sound1rec=Sumestima-kopmatibilna {{-|DirectX 9.0}} s i vyše sumestima [[zvukova karta]]|input1=|input1rec=}} Igra oficialno byla anonsovana je na {{-|[[Xbox show]]}} v [[Amsterdam|Amsterdamu]] 4 oktobra 2005-go lěta.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.ign.com/articles/2005/10/04/x05-mass-effect-eyes-on| title = X05: Mass Effect: Eyes-On| date = October 4, 2005| first = Charles| last = Onyett|lang=en}}</ref> V maju 2006-go lěta demonstracijna versija igry byla prědstavjena na {{-|[[Electronic Entertainment Expo]]}} i dobyla {{-|[[Game Critics Awards]]}} kak najlěpša roljeva igra.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.gamespot.com/articles/e3-06-mass-effect-impressions/1100-6150171/| title = E3 06: Mass Effect Impressions| date = May 11, 2006| first = Greg| last = Mueller|lang=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.ign.com/articles/2006/05/10/e3-2006-mass-effect-impressions| title = E3 2006: Mass Effect Impressions| date = May 10, 2006| first = Charles| last = Onyett|lang=en}}</ref> Novy gejmplej byl pokazan je v septembru 2006-go lěta na {{-|[[Xbox show]]}} v {{-|[[Barselona|Barseloně]]}}.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.gamesindustry.biz/microsoft-announces-x06| title = Microsoft Announces X06| date = June 22, 2006|lang=en}}</ref> V marcu 2007-go lěta gejmplej byl pokazan je cěly čas v [[San-Francisko]] na {{-|[[Game Developeres Conference]]}}.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.ign.com/articles/2007/03/07/gdc-2007-mass-effect-the-first-hour| title = GDC 2007: Mass Effect - The First Hour| date = March 7, 2007| first = Hilary| last = Goldstein| first2 = Erik| last2 = Brudvig|lang=en}}</ref> Povtorno igra byla pokazana na {{-|Electronic Entertainment Expo}} v juliju 2007-go lěta.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CItElYfc47g| title = Live from the Santa Monica Pier! Mass Effect Stage Demo| date = July 19, 2007|lang=en}}</ref> V avgustu 2007-go lěta byla pokazana na {{-|[[Games Convention]]}} v [[Leipzig|{{-|Leipzigu|Леjпцигу}}]].<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.gamesindustry.biz/critically-acclaimed-rpg-mass-effect-begins-epic-journey-on-23rd-november-2007| title = Critically-Acclaimed RPG "Mass Effect" Begins Epic Journey on 23rd November 2007| date = August 31, 2007|lang=en}}</ref> V izdanje igra šla 20 novembra 2007-go lěta.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://news.microsoft.com/source/2007/11/20/gamer-excitement-reaches-galactic-proportions-as-mass-effect-touches-down-today-on-retail-shelves-in-north-america/| title = Gamer Excitement Reaches Galactic Proportions as “Mass Effect” Touches Down Today on Retail Shelves in North America| date = November 20, 2007|lang=en}}</ref> == Recenzije == {| class="wikitable" | rowspan="2" align="center" |'''Izdanje''' | colspan="3" align="center" |'''Ocěnka''' |- | align="center" |'''{{-|[[Osobny kompjuter|PC]]}}''' | align="center" |'''{{-|[[PlayStation 3|PS3]]}}''' | align="center" |'''{{-|[[Xbox 360]]}}''' |- | align="left" |{{-|[[GameRankings]]}} | align="left" |89,70 %<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gamerankings.com/pc/944902-mass-effect/index.html|title=Mass Effect for PC|publisher={{-|[[GameRankings]]}}|access-date=2019-12-09|language=en|archive-date=2019-12-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191209015645/https://www.gamerankings.com/pc/944902-mass-effect/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> | align="left" |82,00 %<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gamerankings.com/ps3/689056-mass-effect/index.html|title=Mass Effect PlayStation 3|date=2016-10-05|publisher={{-|[[GameRankings]]}}|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121213034250/http://www.gamerankings.com/ps3/689056-mass-effect/index.html|archive-date=2012-12-13|lang=en}}</ref> | align="left" |91,24 %<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gamerankings.com/xbox360/930279-mass-effect/index.html|title=Mass Effect for Xbox 360|publisher={{-|[[GameRankings]]}}|access-date=2019-12-09|language=en|archive-date=2019-12-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191209013328/https://www.gamerankings.com/xbox360/930279-mass-effect/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[Metacritic]]}} | align="left" |89/100<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.metacritic.com/game/pc/mass-effect|title=Mass Effect (PC)|date=2012-04-24|publisher={{-|[[Metacritic]]}}|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100821111555/http://www.metacritic.com/game/pc/mass-effect|archive-date=2010-08-21|lang=en}}</ref> | align="left" |85/100<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.metacritic.com/game/playstation-3/mass-effect|title=Mass Effect (PlayStation 3)|date=2016-10-05|publisher={{-|[[Metacritic]]}}|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121118033542/http://www.metacritic.com/game/playstation-3/mass-effect|archive-date=2012-11-18|lang=en}}</ref> | align="left" |91/100<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.metacritic.com/game/xbox-360/mass-effect|title=Mass Effect (Xbox 360)|date=2012-04-24|publisher={{-|[[Metacritic]]}}|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100817013510/http://www.metacritic.com/game/xbox-360/mass-effect|archive-date=2010-08-17|lang=en}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[1UP.com]]}} | align="left" |A-<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.1up.com/reviews/mass-effect-review|title=Mass Effect PC Review |author=Thierry Nguyen |date=2008-06-17 |lang=en |work={{-|[[1UP.com]]}}|access-date=2012-04-25 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/68iFKqDnr?url=http://www.1up.com/reviews/mass-effect-review|archive-date=2012-06-26 }}</ref> | align="left" | - | align="left" |A<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.1up.com/reviews/mass-effect |title=Mass Effect (XBOX 360) |author=Jennifer Tsao|date=2007-11-19 |work={{-|[[1UP.com]}} |lang=en |access-date=2012-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120605212422/http://www.1up.com/reviews/mass-effect|archive-date=2012-06-05}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[Computer and Video Games|CVG]]}} | align="left" |9,2/10<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.computerandvideogames.com/190267/reviews/mass-effect-review/ |title=Mass Effect PC Review |lang=en |work={{-|[[Computer and Video Games]]}}|author=Ed Zitron|date=2008-06-04 |access-date=2012-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120312103314/http://www.computerandvideogames.com/190267/reviews/mass-effect-review/|archive-date=2012-03-12}}</ref> | align="left" | - | align="left" |9,0/10<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.computerandvideogames.com/175911/reviews/mass-effect-review/ |title=Mass Effect Xbox Review |lang=en |work={{-|[[Computer and Video Games]]}}|author=Alex Dale|date=2007-11-19 |access-date=2012-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110126035543/http://www.computerandvideogames.com/175911/reviews/mass-effect-review/|archive-date=2011-01-12}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[Edge (žurnal)|Edge]]}} | align="left" |7/10<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.edge-online.com/reviews/mass-effect-review|title=Mass Effect review |lang=en |work={{-|[[Future Publishing]]}}|date=2007-12-02|access-date=2012-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120301013356/http://www.edge-online.com/reviews/mass-effect-review|archive-date=2012-03-01}}</ref> | align="left" | - | align="left" | - |- | align="left" |{{-|[[Eurogamer]]}} | align="left" |8/10<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/mass-effect-review |title=Mass Effect Review |lang=en |work={{-|[[Eurogamer]]}}|author=Kristan Reed|date=2007-11-19|access-date=2012-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111204445/http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/mass-effect-review|archive-date=2009-01-11}}</ref> | align="left" | - | align="left" |8/10<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/mass-effect-review |title=Mass Effect Review |lang=en|work={{-|[[Eurogamer]]}}|author=Kristan Reed|access-date=2012-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111204445/http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/mass-effect-review|archive-date=2009-01-11}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[Game Informer]]}} | align="left" | - | align="left" | - | align="left" |9,75/10<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Andrew Reiner|title=Mass EFfect|work={{-|[[Game Informer]]}}|issue=175|page=151|date=November 2007}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[GamePro]]}} | align="left" | - | align="left" | - | align="left" |4,75/5<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gamepro.com/article/reviews/148788/mass-effect-the-best-rpg-of-2007/ |title=GamePro review |lang=en |work={{-|[[Gamepro]]}} |author=Cameron Lewis|date=2007-11-19|access-date=2009-05-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080921213613/http://www.gamepro.com/article/reviews/148788/mass-effect-the-best-rpg-of-2007/|archive-date=2008-09-21}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[GameSpot]]}} | align="left" |9,0/10<ref>{{cite web|author=Chris Watters|url=http://www.gamespot.com/mass-effect/reviews/mass-effect-review-6191875/|title=Mass Effect Review for PC|lang=en|work={{-|[[GameSpot]]}}|date=2008-05-28|access-date=2012-04-25|archive-date=2012-05-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120501162723/http://www.gamespot.com/mass-effect/reviews/mass-effect-review-6191875/|url-status=live}}</ref> | align="left" | - | align="left" |8,5/10<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gamespot.com/mass-effect/reviews/mass-effect-review-6183119/|title=GameSpot review|lang=en|author=Kevin VanOrd|work={{-|[[GameSpot]]}}|access-date=2012-04-25|archive-date=2012-05-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120501004812/http://www.gamespot.com/mass-effect/reviews/mass-effect-review-6183119/|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[GameSpy]]}} | align="left" |5 zvězd<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pc.gamespy.com/pc/bioware-rpg/877353p1.html|title=GameSpy: Mass Effect|lang=en|work={{-|[[GameSpy]]}}|last=Villoria|first=Gerald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080531073014/http://pc.gamespy.com/pc/bioware-rpg/877353p1.html|archive-date=2008-05-31}}</ref> | align="left" | - | align="left" |5 zvězd<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://xbox360.gamespy.com/xbox-360/mass-effect/836239p1.html|title=Gamespy review |lang=en |work={{-|[[GameSpy]]}}|last=Villoria|first=Gerald |access-date=2009-05-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071120143528/http://xbox360.gamespy.com/xbox-360/mass-effect/836239p1.html|archive-date=2007-11-20}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[GamesRadar (žurnal)|GamesRadar+]]}} | align="left" |9/10 | align="left" | - | align="left" |9/10<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gamesradar.com/mass-effect-12/ |title=Mass Effect review |lang=en |work={{-|[[GamesRadar (žurnal|GamesRadar]]}} |author=Eric Bratcher|access-date=2012-05-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121013070541/http://www.gamesradar.com/mass-effect-review/|archive-date=2012-10-13}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[GameTrailers]]}} | align="left" | - | align="left" | - | align="left" |9,6/10<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.gametrailers.com/gamereview.php?id=2211|title=Mass Effect |website={{-|[[GameTrailers]]}}|access-date=February 22, 2009|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090222082413/http://www.gametrailers.com/gamereview.php?id=2211 |archive-date=February 22, 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[IGN]]}} | align="left" |9,4/10<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2008/05/27/mass-effect-review |title=Mass Effect Review |website={{-|[[IGN]]}}|access-date=October 1, 2016 |author=Jason Ocampo |date=May 27, 2008 |lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140530035846/http://www.ign.com/articles/2008/05/27/mass-effect-review |archive-date=May 30, 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> | align="left" |9,0/10<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2012/12/10/mass-effect-ps3-review |title=Mass Effect PS3 Review |website={{-|[[IGN]]}}|access-date=October 2, 2016 |author=Colin Moriarty |date=December 10, 2012 |lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160129185655/http://www.ign.com/articles/2012/12/10/mass-effect-ps3-review |archive-date=January 29, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> | align="left" |9,4/10<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2007/11/19/mass-effect-review-2 |title=Mass Effect Review |website={{-|[[IGN]]}}|access-date=October 1, 2016 |author=Erik Brudvig |date=November 19, 2007 |lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160924220330/http://www.ign.com/articles/2007/11/19/mass-effect-review-2 |archive-date=September 24, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[Official Xbox Magazine]]}} | align="left" | - | align="left" | - | align="left" |10/10<ref>{{Cite magazine |url=http://www.oxmonline.com/mass-effect-review |title=Mass Effect review |magazine={{-|[[Official Xbox Magazine]]}}|author=Paul Curthoys |date=November 19, 2007 |access-date=October 6, 2011 |lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111006140039/http://www.oxmonline.com/mass-effect-review |archive-date=October 6, 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[3DNews]]}} | align="left" |9,5/10<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.3dnews.ru/games/mass_effect/|title=Mass Effect — покорители вселенной|author=Сапрыкин, Геннадий|date=2008-06-07|access-date=2012-04-24|lang=ru|work={{-|[[3DNews]]}}|archive-date=2012-03-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120307111127/http://www.3dnews.ru/games/mass_effect|url-status=live}}</ref> | align="left" | - | align="left" | - |- | align="left" |{{-|[[Absolute Games]]}} | align="left" |79 %<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ag.ru/games/mass-effect/review |title=Рецензия на Mass Effect |author=Nomad |date=2008-06-15 |access-date=2019-12-12 |lang=ru |work={{-|[[Absolute Games]]}}|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130101061931/https://ag.ru/games/mass-effect/review|archive-date=2013-01-01}}</ref> | align="left" | - | align="left" | - |- | align="left" |{{-|[[PlayGround.ru]]}} | align="left" |8,6/10<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.playground.ru/articles/21303/ |title=Mass Effect. Сны о чем-то большем |author=demigot |date=2008-06-26 |access-date=2012-04-24 |lang=ru |work={{-|[[PlayGround.ru|Playground]]}}|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200812202004/https://www.playground.ru/mass_effect/opinion/mass_effect_sny_o_chem_to_bolshem-421303|archive-date=2020-08-12}}</ref> | align="left" | - | align="left" | - |- | align="left" |{{-|[[Игромания (žurnal)|Игромания]]}} | align="left" |9,5/10<ref>{{Cite web |author=Курган, Георгий |title=Полные рецензии > Mass Effect |url=http://www.igromania.ru/articles/56443/Mass_Effect.htm |work={{-|[[Игромания (žurnal)|Игромания]]}} |year=2008|publisher={{-|Игромедиа}}|lang=ru |archive-date=2012-04-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120411071729/http://www.igromania.ru/articles/56443/Mass_Effect.htm }}</ref> | align="left" | - | align="left" | - |} == Prodolženje-sikvel == Tvorjenje vtoroj igry počelo se v početku 2008-go lěta. {{-|[[Mass Effect 2]]}} byla izdana je 26 januara 2010-go lěta<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.vg247.com/mass-effect-comfirmed-for-january-2010-release-with-preorder-bonus| title = Mass Effect 2 confirmed for January 2010 release with preorder bonus| date = October 16, 2009| first = Stephany| last = Nunneley-Jackson|lang=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.cnews.ru/news/line/mass_effect_2_data_vyhoda| title = Mass Effect 2. Дата выхода| date = October 17, 2009|lang=ru}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web| url = https://gamemag.ru/news/48799/mass-effect-2-stal-pervym-igrovym-blokbasterom-2010-goda| title = Mass Effect 2 стал первым игровым блокбастером 2010 года| date = February 3, 2010| first = Сергей| last = Дьяконенко|lang=ru}}</ref>. Na {{-|PlayStation 3}} igra byla izdana 18 januara 2011-go lěta<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2010/12/09/mass-effect-2-ps3-release-date|title=Mass Effect 2 PS3 Release Date|date=December 9, 2010|first=Jim|last=Reilly|lang=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blog.bioware.com/2010/12/15/mass-effect-2-on-playstation-3-podcast-and-gold-announcement/|title=Mass Effect 2 on Playstation 3 Podcast and Gold Announcement|date=December 15, 2010|first=Evil Chris|last=Priestly|lang=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.ea.com/press-releases/press-releases-details/2011/BioWares-Award-Winning-Mass-Effect-2-Makes-PlayStation-3-Debut-Today/default.aspx|date=January 18, 2011|title=BioWare’s Award-Winning Mass Effect 2 Makes PlayStation 3 Debut Today|lang=en}}</ref>. V {{-|Mass Effect 2}} možno importovati shranjenu igru iz {{-|Mass Effect}} — dejanja iz prvoj igry imajut vliv vo vtoroj<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2009/12/28/mass-effect-2-importing-requires-hard-drive|title=Mass Effect 2 Importing Requires Hard Drive|date=December 28, 2009|first=Jim|last=Reilly|lang=en}}</ref>. == Iztočniky == {{Iztočniky}} == Vnešne linky == * {{-|{{MobyGames|31277/mass-effect/}}}} {{Pravopis prověrjeny}} [[Kategorija:Mass Effect]] [[Kategorija:Kompjuterne igry, ktore stvorila BioWare]] [[Kategorija:Kompjuterne igry, ktore izdala Electronic Arts]] [[Kategorija:Igry za Windows]] [[Kategorija:Igry za Xbox 360]] [[Kategorija:Igry na igromotoru Unreal Engine 3]] [[Kategorija:Igry za PlayStation 3]] [[Kategorija:Videoigry]] jlo37q1hy7aep0mqoyyi3aqr5dz8rjx 45622 45621 2026-08-13T06:39:24Z Ilja isv 10 45622 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kartka kompjuterna igra |obložka= |nazva = {{-|Mass Effect}} |razrabotniki={{-|[[BioWare]]}} |izdatelji={{-|[[Microsoft Game Studios]]}}, {{-|[[Electronic Arts]]}} |serija={{-|[[Mass Effect]]}} |dataizdanja={{-|[[Xbox 360]]}}: [[Severna Amerika]]: 20 novembra 2007 [[Avstralija]]: 22 novembra 2007 [[Evropejsky sojuz]]: 23 novembra 2007 {{-|[[Microsoft Windows|Windows]]}}: [[Severna Amerika]]: 28 maja 2008 [[Avstralija]]: 5 junija 2008 [[Evropejsky sojuz]]: 6 junija 2008 {{-|[[PlayStation 3]]}}: [[Severna Amerika]]: 4 dekembra 2012 [[Evropejsky sojuz]]: 7 dekembra 2012 |žanr={{-|action role-playing}} |platformy={{-|[[Xbox 360]], [[Microsoft Windows]], [[PlayStation 3]]}} |igrovy motor={{-|[[Unreal Engine 3]]}}<ref>{{Cite web| url=https://www.unrealengine.com/blog/mass-effect| title=Critically Acclaimed Mass Effect Powered by Unreal Engine 3| date=November 20, 2007| first=John| last=Gaudiosi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.gamesradar.com/mass-effect-legendary-edition-uses-unreal-engine-3-for-good-reason-according-to-the-developers/ |title=Mass Effect: Legendary Edition uses Unreal Engine 3 for good reason according to the developers |website=GamesRadar+ |date=4 February 2021 |access-date=12 October 2022 |archive-date=6 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210206190428/https://www.gamesradar.com/mass-effect-legendary-edition-uses-unreal-engine-3-for-good-reason-according-to-the-developers/ |url-status=live }}</ref> |režim igry=jedin igrač |glava=[[Casey Hudson|Kejsi Hadson]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://akamai.cdn.ea.com/eadownloads/u/f/manuals/GAME-MASSEFFECT/Manuals.zip|type=zip|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250101115505/http://akamai.cdn.ea.com/eadownloads/u/f/manuals/GAME-MASSEFFECT/Manuals.zip|archive-date=2025-01-01|access-date=2026-08-12|ref= {{sfnref|Manual|2008}}|title= Mass Effect PC Manual|year=2008 }}</ref> |gejmdizajner=Preston Wataman{{-|iu|jу}}k{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=32}} |programist=David Falkner{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=32}}<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1073668/fullcredits/?ref_=tt_cst_sm#amzn1.imdb.concept.name_credit_category.a7c2d410-e513-4bd7-85d5-73060ec46a84 {{-|Mass Effect (Video Game 2007) - Full cast & crew}} | {{-|Additional Crew}}] na {{-|[[IMDb]]}}</ref> |hudožnik=Derek Watts{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=32}}<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1073668/fullcredits/?ref_=tt_cst_sm#amzn1.imdb.concept.name_credit_category.60a44752-af76-44f7-9de0-ec51aea2180d {{-|Mass Effect (Video Game 2007) - Full cast & crew}} | {{-|Art Director}}] na {{-|[[IMDb]]}}</ref> |kompozitori=[[Jack Wall|Džek Vol]],{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=32}}<ref name=":9" /> [[Sam Hulick|Sam Hulik]],{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=32}}<ref name=":9" /> [[Richard Jacques|Rišar Žak]],{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=32}}<ref name=":9" /> David {{-|Kates|Кеjтс}}{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=32}}<ref name=":9" />|jezyky interfejsa=[[Anglijsky jezyk|anglijsky]], [[Francuzsky jezyk|francuzsky]], [[Němečsky jezyk|němečsky]], [[Špansky jezyk|špansky]], [[Italijansky jezyk|italijansky]], [[Russky jezyk|russky]], [[Poljsky jezyk|poljsky]]}} '''''{{-|Mass Effect}}''''' ({{Jezyky|isv|Efekt masy}}) — [[kompjuterna igra]] v žanru {{-|action-role-play}}, ktoru stvorila studija {{-|[[BioWare]]}} i izdala {{-|[[Microsoft Game Studios]]}} v lětu 2007.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.ign.com/articles/2007/11/19/mass-effect-review-2| date = November 19, 2007| title = Mass Effect Review| first = Erik| last = Brudvig|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161005213517/http://www.ign.com/articles/2007/11/19/mass-effect-review-2|archive-date=2016-10-05}}</ref> Je prvoju čestju [[Mass Effect|serije {{-|Mass Effect}}]]. V 2007 leto igra prišla jedino toliko na {{-|[[Xbox 360]]}}.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web| url = http://xbox360.gamespy.com/xbox-360/mass-effect/836239p1.html| title = Mass Effect| date = November 19, 2007| first = Gerald| last = Villoria|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071120143528/http://xbox360.gamespy.com/xbox-360/mass-effect/836239p1.html|archive-date=2007-11-20}}</ref> V 2008 javila se versija igry na {{-|[[Microsoft Windows|Windows]]}},<ref name=":1">{{Cite web| url = http://pc.gamespy.com/pc/bioware-rpg/877353p1.html| title = BioWare's space opera comes to PC and is still one of the greatest role-playing games we've ever played.| date = May 28, 2008| first = Gerald| last = Villoria|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080531073014/http://pc.gamespy.com/pc/bioware-rpg/877353p1.html|archive-date=2008-05-31}}</ref> v 2012 prišla versija na {{-|[[PlayStation 3]]}}.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.ign.com/articles/2012/09/26/mass-effect-trilogy-set-announced| title = Mass Effect Trilogy Set Announced| date = September 26, 2012| first = Andrew| last = Goldfarb|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120926193158/http://www.ign.com/articles/2012/09/26/mass-effect-trilogy-set-announced|archive-date=2012-09-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.gamespot.com/articles/mass-effect-trilogy-comes-to-ps3-dec-4/1100-6399374/| title = Mass Effect Trilogy comes to PS3 Dec. 4| date = November 2, 2010| first = Eddie| last = Makuch|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107221336/https://www.gamespot.com/articles/mass-effect-trilogy-comes-to-ps3-dec-4/1100-6399374/|archive-date=2017-11-07}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web| url = https://blog.bioware.com/2012/11/01/ryan-warden-an-update-on-the-mass-effect-trilogy/| title = Ryan Warden: An Update on the Mass Effect Trilogy| date = November 1, 2012|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103041035/http://blog.bioware.com/2012/11/01/ryan-warden-an-update-on-the-mass-effect-trilogy/|archive-date=2012-11-03}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web| url = https://www.ign.com/articles/2012/11/30/reminder-mass-effect-comes-to-ps3-very-soon| title = Reminder: Mass Effect Comes to PS3 Very Soon| date = November 30, 2012| first = Colin| last = Moriarty|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121203054258/http://www.ign.com/articles/2012/11/30/reminder-mass-effect-comes-to-ps3-very-soon|archive-date=2012-12-03}}</ref> Sjužet igry govori o tom, že v 22-om stoletju [[člověčstvo]] spoznalo i naučilo se rabotati s tehnologijeju svrhsvětlovyh lětanij v [[Kosmos|kosmosu]] s pomočju nekakogo nulovogo elementa, ktory obnuloval masu-težinu (toj moment vpisan je v nazvanje igry). A takože v to stolětje ljudi zakontaktovali se s inoplanetnymi civilizacijami.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=6}} Glavny heroj ili herojinja (to izbiraje igrač) igry komander Šepard dobyvaje status Spektra — specialnogo soldata na služenju galaktičnoj rady-sověta Citadely, i so svojim odredom pošeti različne mesta i zvezdne sistemy galaktiky. V 2008 lětu za igru izdali dodatny kontent pod nazvoju ''{{-|Bring Down the Sky}}'',<ref name=":10">{{Cite web| url = http://pc.gamespy.com/pc/bioware-rpg/894639p1.html| title = Free Downloadable Content Now Available for Mass Effect PC| date = July 29, 2008|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080802190447/http://pc.gamespy.com/pc/bioware-rpg/894639p1.html|archive-date=2008-08-08}}</ref> v ktorom potrebno bylo spasati planetu Tera Nova od asteroida {{-|X57}} i teroristov.<ref name=":11">{{Cite web| url = https://www.ign.com/articles/2008/02/25/mass-effect-bring-down-the-sky-interview| title = Mass Effect: Bring Down the Sky Interview| date = February 25, 2008| first = Erik| last = Brudvig|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130216182140/http://www.ign.com/articles/2008/02/25/mass-effect-bring-down-the-sky-interview|archive-date=2013-02-16}}</ref> V 2009 lětu za igru izdali dodatny kontent pod nazvoju ''{{-|Pinnacle Station}}'', ktory dodaval nekoliko zadanij, a takože možnost dobyti v nagradu apartamenty.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.eurogamer.net/me-pinnacle-station-dlc-detailed| title = New Mass Effect DLC detailed| date = August 24, 2009| first = Robert| last = Purchese|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128113544/https://www.eurogamer.net/me-pinnacle-station-dlc-detailed|archive-date=2022-11-28}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite web| url = https://gamemag.ru/news/44026/mass-effect-dopolnenie-pinnacle-station-dostupno-v-xbox-live| title = Mass Effect: Дополнение "Pinnacle Station" доступно в Xbox Live| date = August 24, 2009| last = livesaifer|lang=ru|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260731230912/https://gamemag.ru/news/44026/mass-effect-dopolnenie-pinnacle-station-dostupno-v-xbox-live|archive-date=2026-07-31}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.gamespot.com/articles/new-mass-effect-dlc-avatar-items-now-available/1100-6216123/| title = New Mass Effect DLC, avatar items now available. UPDATE Microsoft releases Pinnacle Station, a 13-mission, two-to-three-hour add-on to the popular Xbox 360 role-playing game; Mass Effect outfits hit Marketplace en masse.| date = August 25, 2009| first = Tor| last = Thorsen|lang=en}}</ref><ref name=":13">{{Cite web| url = https://www.ign.com/articles/2009/08/25/mass-effect-pinnacle-station-review| title = Mass Effect: Pinnacle Station Review| date = August 25, 2009| first = Erik| last = Brudvig|lang=en}}</ref> Dalje byli izdane igry {{-|[[Mass Effect 2]]}} v 2010 lětu i {{-|[[Mass Effect 3]]}} v 2012,<ref name=":4" /> ktore stvorili trilogiju o komanderu Šepardu. V 2021 leto igra byla obnovjena v svezku izdanja {{-|[[Mass Effect: Legendary Edition]]}}.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://news.ea.com/press-releases/press-releases-details/2021/Relive-the-Award-Winning-Space-Opera-in-Mass-Effect-Legendary-Edition-on-May-14/default.aspx| title = Relive the Award-Winning Space Opera in Mass Effect Legendary Edition on May 14| date = February 2, 2021|lang=en}}</ref> == Gejmplej == ''{{-|Mass Effect}} '' — je igra v žanru {{-|action-rpg}} za jednogo igrača, v ktoroj igrač upravjaje komanderom Šepardom ({{Jezyky|en|Commander Shepard}}) s pogledom od tretjego lica. Pred početkom igry potrebno izbrati ime igrača (ktoro na igrovy svet ne vlijaje), pol, izgled, jedin iz nekoliko variantov predhistorije, igrovy klas-specialnost. {{sfn|Manual|2008|p=7-9}} Za izbor dostupne sut 6 klasov. Každy klas imaje svoju specialnost v oružju i sposobnostah.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=8}} Igrač i učestniki odreda mogut orudovati vsakym oružjem, ale efektivnost togo zavisi od klasa i parametrov každogo.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=8}} Na kosmičnom korabu igrača dostupna je karta galaktiky, s pomočju ktoroj igrač može premeščati se po svetu. V galaktikě sut grupy-skupiny zvezd, v ktoryh sut zvezdne sistemy, v ktoryh už sut planety i kosmične stancije. Za premeščenije medžu grupami zvezd potrebno upotrebjati retranslatory masy ({{Jezyky|en|Mass-Relay}}).{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=14-15}} Kosmičny korab igrača imaje nazvu "Normandija" ({{Jezyky|en|Normandy SR-1}}) — to je esperimentalny korab, ktory stvorili naučniki Aliansa sistem ({{Jezyky|en|Systems Alliance}}) v koperacije s turianskymi ({{Jezyky|en|turians}}) specialistami. Toj korab upotrebjaje se igračem za putovanje medžu planetami i zvezdami s pomočju interaktivnoj karty. Na korabu irač može govoriti s ljudami-služebnikami koraba (medikami, inženjerami) i učestnikami svojego odreda. Na planetah i stancijah igrač izpolnjaje zadanja-operacije, kvesty i vzajemodejstvuje s {{-|NPC}}.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=10-11}} Po završenju-koncu zadanij igrač dobyvaje specialne pointy, ktore dozvoljajut razvivati sposobnosti, dobyvaje predmety za inventar. Inventar imaje razmer v 150 elementov-predmetov. Nepotrebne predmety možno prodati, utilizirovati v omni-gel, ktory je potreben za otkrytje zamkov i remonta vsekdehoda "Mako".{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=22}} Vsekdehod "Mako" možno upotrebjati na planetah za preměščenje na velike distancije i strěljbu po neprijateljam. Takože vsekdehod je pomočen na nektoryh zlyh planetah, na ktoryh okolična pogoda jest škodliva dlja odreda.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=26}} A na kosmičnyh stancijah i planetah možno kupiti različne predmety kako oružje, bronju i dodatne ulepšenja. === Bojeva sistema === Boji idut v realnom času. Igrač upravjaje Šepardom od tretjego lica. V odredu igrača takože je jedino dva personaža, ktorymi upravjaje kompjuter i ktorym može davati komandy igrač, naprimer: atakovati neprijatelja, zajeti ukrytje i tako dalje.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=16-17}} V čas boja igrač može otkryti taktično menju, ktoro stopuje igru i v ktorom možno smeniti oružje, ukazati koju sposobnost upotrebiti (kako Šepardu tako i učestnikam odreda). Každa sposobnost imaje svoju meru-vreme za obnovjene posle každogo upotrebjenja.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=16-17}} Oružje igrača ne trebuje naboja, jednako dost silna streljba može pregreti oružje i nektoro vreme nemožno bude streljati. To trebuje delati pauzu medžu streljanjem. V igrě sut 4 tipov oružja: pistolety, pompovky, vintovky, snajperske ružja i granaty.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=18-19}} Bronja takože različna: legka, sredna, težka. Vsaka bronja imaje različne specializacije i sposobnosti. Takože može byti ograničenje v zavisnosti od klasa igrača ili učestnika odreda. Takože je razlika medžu civilizacijami: ljudi i azari ({{Jezyky|en|asari}}) mogut nositi jednu bronju, turianci imajut svoju bronju, krogani ({{Jezyky|en|krogans}}) svoju.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=20-21}} Akoli gibnut učestniki odreda, to ih možno lečiti s pomočju medi-gela, akoli gibne igrač, to treba restartovati igru od poslednego shranjenja. === Dialogova sistema === Igrač izbiraje varianty za odgovor s pomočju dialogovogo kolesa ({{Jezyky|en|dialogue wheel}}).{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=10-11}} Obyčajno, ale ne vsegda, v pravoj vrhnoj straně sut rečenja heroja-paragona, a v pravoj nižnej-dolnoj straně sut rečenja odstupnika-renegata. Rečenja heroja sut sinjego cveta-kolora, a odstupnika-renegata črvenogo. V levoj straně kolesa sut varianty rečenja, ktore mogut zapytati nekojego {{-|NPC}} o predmetě govorenja. Herojske-paragonske rečenja dodajut igraču pointy heroja, a odstupničske-renegatske dajut pointy renegata. Te pointy dajut nove varianty dejanij v različne momenty igry. Te varianty mogut dati dodatnu informaciju, izbegti boja, spasti nekojego.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=24}} == Sjužet == === Igrovy svet === Dejanje tutoj igry ide v [[Mlěčny put|Mlěčnom putu]] v 22 stoletju. Človečstvo spoznalo letanja v kosmosu s pomočju nulevogo elementa i mas-retranslatorov ({{Jezyky|en|mass relays}}). Retranslatory směnšajut masu-težinu korabov do nula i s pomočju togo koraby kako by teleportujut se{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=6}}. Krome človečstva v galaktikě sut množstva drugyh inoplanetnyh civilizacij, nektora čest kojih stvorila specialny Sovět na kosmičnoj stanciji Citadel. Osnovne civilizacije sut azari ({{Jezyky|en|asari}}), turianci ({{Jezyky|en|turians}}) i salarianci ({{Jezyky|en|salarians}})<ref>{{-|[[BioWare]]}}. {{-|Mass Effect}} (2007). Igrovy Kodeks: "Inoplanetjani: Rasy v Sovetě Citadely" ({{Jezyky|en|Aliens: Council Races}}).</ref>. Nektore civilizacije sut prědstavjene na Citadelě s pomočju ambasad: volusi ({{Jezyky|en|voluses}}), hanari ({{Jezyky|en|hanars}}), elkori ({{Jezyky|en|elcors}}), a takože ljudi<ref>{{-|[[BioWare]]}}. {{-|Mass Effect}} (2007). Igrovy Kodeks: "Inoplanetjani: Rasy ne v Sovetě Citadely" ({{Jezyky|en|Aliens: Non-Council Races}}).</ref>. Takože sut nektore civilizacije, ktore živut vne Citadelskogo prostora: krogani ({{Jezyky|en|krogans}}), batarianci ({{Jezyky|en|batarians}}), kvarianci ({{Jezyky|en|quarians}}). Vse životne civilizacije v igrě imajut nazvu ''organične'', a robotove civilizacije, kako gety ({{Jezyky|en|geths}}) i Žnecy ({{Jezyky|en|Reapers}}) ''sintetične''. Člověčstvo prvy raz strětilo se s inymi civilizacijami (turiancami) v 2149 lětu i ta strěča počela se kako vojna, ktora skoro završila se. Ljudi izšli v novy sektor kosmosa s pomočju retranslatora, ale zakon Citadele ne dozvoljaje aktivirovati nerazvedane retranslatory; zamesto govorenja turianci izničtožili prve koraby ljudij i to dejanje stalo pričinoju vojny.<ref name=":17">[[BioWare]]. {{-|Mass Effect}} (2007). Igrovy Kodeks: "Človečstvo i Alians Sistem" ({{Jezyky|en|Humanity and the Systems Alliance}}).</ref> Potom človečstvo dobylo svoje město v galaktičnom sociumu posle nektoryh drugyh dejanij<ref name=":17" />. Na moment početka igry komander Šepard potreben byl stati prvym človekom Spektrom. Spektri sut specialni ljudi, u kojih administracija je Sovět Citadele<ref>{{-|[[BioWare]]}}. {{-|Mass Effect}} (2007). Igrovy Kodeks: "Citadel i Galaktičska vlada" ({{Jezyky|en|Citadel and Galactic Government}}).</ref>. === Personaži === ==== Šepard ==== Glavny personaž igry je komander Šepard ({{Jezyky|en|Shepard}}). V zavisnosti od igrača Šepard može byti žena ili muž. Standardno mužsko ime je Džon ({{Jezyky|en|John}}), a žensko Džejn ({{Jezyky|en|Jane}}). Prědhistorija Šeparda takože izbiraje se igračem: {| class="wikitable" |+Varianty biografije Šeparda{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=7-9}} ! colspan="2" |Do armije |- |Kolonist ({{Jezyky|en|colonist}}) |Dětinstvo Šeparda bylo na kolonije Mindoir. Koloniju atakovali sut piraty-rabotrgovci i ubili jegovyh roditeljev. Šeparda vzeli k sobe dozorny patrol Aliansa. Kogda Šepardu stalo 18 let, on pošel v armiju Aliansa. |- |Rodženi na Zemji ({{Jezyky|en|Earthborn}}) |Šepard byl sirota i jegovo dětinstvo prošlo v uličnyh bandah. Kogda Šepardu stalo 18 let, on pošel v armiju. |- |Kosmičnik ({{Jezyky|en|Spacer}}) |Roditelji Šeparda sut vojskovi ljudi. Vse dětinstvo Šepard byl na kosmičnyh korabah. Potom zapisal se v armiju Aliansa. |- ! colspan="2" |V čas služenja v armije |- |Heroj vojny ({{Jezyky|en|War Hero}}) |V čas služenja na člověčskoj koloniji Elizium ({{Jezyky|en|Elysium}}) bojeval protiv piratov, kojih bylo mnogo, odbivši ataku. |- |Izživši ({{Jezyky|en|Sole Survivor}}) |Na planetě Akuza ({{Jezyky|en|Akuze}}) odred Šeparda byl atakovan velikym inoplanetnym životnym i byl cělo izničtoženy. Ostal jedino Šepard. |- |Ljuty ({{Jezyky|en|Ruthless}}) |Na planetě Torfan ({{Jezyky|en|Torfan}}) Šepard izgubil 3/4 svojego odreda, ale izpolnil zadanje, a takože izničil vsih neprijatelskyh piratov-batariancev. |} Mužsky glas Šeparda dal aktor {{-|[[Mark Meer]]}}<ref name=":18">[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1073668/fullcredits/?ref_=tt_cst_sm#amzn1.imdb.concept.name_credit_group.7caf7d16-5db9-4f4f-8864-d4c6e711c686 Mass Effect (Video Game 2007) - Full cast] na [[IMDb]]</ref>. Žensky glas Šeparda dala aktrisa {{-|[[Jennifer Hale]]}}<ref name=":18" />. ==== Ekipa Normandije ==== ===== Džef Džoker Moro ===== Džef Džoker Moro ({{Jezyky|en|Jeff Joker Moreau}}) — je profesionalny pilot Normandije. Imaje veliku problemu s kostami, one sut slabe. Glas jemu dal aktor {{-|[[Seth Benjamin Gesshel Green]]}}<ref>[https://www.mobygames.com/person/266203/seth-b-green/credits/ Seth B. Green - Video Game Credits - MobyGames], "Mass Effect (2007, Xbox 360) Jeff “Joker” Moreau"</ref><ref name=":18" />. ===== Greg Adams ===== Greg Adams ({{Jezyky|en|Greg Adams}}) — je glavny inženjer Normandije. On rabotaje v inženjernoj sekciji koraba. Glas jemu dal aktor {{-|[[Roger Labon Jackson]]}}<ref>[https://www.mobygames.com/person/1179/roger-labon-jackson/credits/ Roger Labon Jackson - Video Game Credits - MobyGames], "Mass Effect (2007, Xbox 360) Additional Voices"</ref><ref name=":18" />. ===== Karin Čakvas ===== Karin Čakvas ({{Jezyky|en|Karin Chakwas}}) — je glavna doktorka Normandije. Glas jej dala aktrisa {{-|[[Carolyn Seymour]]}}<ref>[https://www.mobygames.com/person/17150/carolyn-seymour/credits/ Carolyn Seymour - Video Game Credits - MobyGames], "Mass Effect (2007, Xbox 360) Additional Voices"</ref><ref name=":18" />. ==== Osnovne učestniki odreda ==== ===== Ričard Dženkins ===== Ričard Dženkins ({{Jezyky|en|Richard L. Jenkins}}) — soldat Aliansa. Imaje klas i sposobnosti soldata. Jegovo ime i historija v igrě imaje svez s mem-personažem Lirojem Dženkinsom. Glas jemu dal aktor {{-|[[George Joshua Christian Dean]]}}<ref>[https://www.mobygames.com/person/122414/josh-dean/credits/ Josh  Dean - Video Game Credits - MobyGames], "Mass Effect (2007, Xbox 360) Additional Voices"</ref><ref name=":18" />. ===== Kajdan Alenko ===== Kajdan Alenko ({{Jezyky|en|Kaidan Alenko}}) — lejtenant-poručnik, a takože biotik. Kako igrovy personaž imaje sposobnosti-specializaciju biotika. On je vozmožny romantičsky interes Šeparda-ženy. Glas jemu dal aktor {{-|[[Raphael Sbarge]]}}<ref>[https://www.mobygames.com/person/9258/raphael-sbarge/credits/ Raphael Sbarge - Video Game Credits - MobyGames], "Mass Effect (Xbox 360) Kaidan Alenko"</ref><ref name=":18" />. ===== Ešli Viljams ===== Ešli Viljams ({{Jezyky|en|Ashley Medelin Williams}}) — kosmična pěhotnica Aliansa. Igrač strěčaje ju v prvoj misiji igry. Ona je možnym romantičskym interesom Šeparda-muža. Glas jej dala aktrisa {{-|[[Kimberly Brooks]]}}<ref name=":18" />. ===== Urdnot Reks ===== Urdnot Reks ({{Jezyky|en|Urdnot Wrex}}) — krogan-biotik. Šepard strěčaje jego na Citadeli. Reks imaje praktično obče celji s Šepardom i ide pomogati jemu. Glas jemu dal aktor {{-|[[Steven Barr]]}}<ref name=":18" />. ===== Liara T'Soni ===== Liara T'Soni ({{Jezyky|en|Liara T’Soni}}) — je azarijska naučnica, a takože biotička, koja zajmaje se ksenoarheologijeju. Šepard strěčaje ju v jednoj iz misij igry, po ktoroj ona ide pomogati jemu. Ona je možnym romantičskym interesom za Šepardov obohdvoh polov. Glas jej dala aktrisa {{-|[[Ali Hillis]]}}<ref name=":18" />. ===== Garus Vakarian ===== Garus Vakarian ({{Jezyky|en|Garrus Vakarian}}) — je turianec, ktori rabotaje v službe bezpečnosti Citadele. Posle něktoryh činov od strany administracije služby bezpečnosti Citadele on odhodi odovud i prisjedinjaje se k odredu Šeparda, daby pomogti jemu. Glas jemu dal aktor {{-|[[Brandon James Keener]]}}<ref name=":18" />. ===== Tali Zora ===== Tali Zora ({{Jezyky|en|Tali'Zorah}}) — je kvarianka-tehnička, ktora byla atakovana v čas svojego putovanja něktorymi osobami. Ona imaje něktore silne dokazy o dělah, ktore sut svezany s cěljem raboty Šeparda. Glas jej dala aktrisa {{-|[[Ash Sroka]]}}<ref name=":18" />. ==== Antagonisti ==== ===== Saren Arterius ===== Saren Arterius ({{Jezyky|en|Saren Arterius}}) — je turianec-Spektr, ktory skooperiroval se s getami zaradi někakyh svojih cěljev i jest jedin iz glavnyh antagonistov igry. Glas jemu dal aktor {{-|[[Fred Tatasciore]]}}<ref name=":18" />. == Dodatne epizody ({{-|DLC}}) == Dlja ''{{-|Mass Effect}}'' je bylo izdano 2 {{-|DLC}}: ''{{-|Bring Down the Sky}}'' v marcu 2008 lěta, ''{{-|Pinnacle Station}}'' v avgustu 2009 lěta. V 2012 leto {{-|DLC}} ''{{-|Bring Down the Sky}}'' bylo izdano za {{-|[[PlayStation 3]]}}<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" />, ale ''{{-|Pinnacle Station}}'' izdan ne byl. {| class="wikitable" style="width: 100%;" |- style="text-align: center;" ! rowspan="2" style="width:40%;" |Nazva ! colspan="3" |Data izdanja |- ! style="width:20%;" |{{-|Xbox 360}} ! style="width:20%;" |{{-|Microsoft Windows}} ! style="width:20%;" |{{-|PlayStation 3}} |- | colspan="4" bgcolor="#e6e9ff" | |- align="center" bgcolor="#f2f2f2" | * {{Jezyky|en|Bring Down the Sky}} * {{Jezyky|de|Kollisionskurs}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.eurogamer.de/mass-effect-x57-dlc-kollisionskurs|title=Mass Effect: X57 DLC: Kollisionskurs|date=2008|first=Benjamin|last=Jakobs|lang=de}}</ref><ref name=":14">[https://www.mobygames.com/game/58908/mass-effect/credits/ps3/ MobyGames | Mass Effect Credits Bring Down the Sky: Keywords International Ltd.] </ref> * {{Jezyky|pl|Bring Down the Sky}}<ref name=":14" /> * {{Jezyky|fr|Turbulences à 900 000 Pieds}}<ref name=":14" /><ref>[https://www.gamekult.com/jeux/mass-effect-turbulences-a-900-000-pieds-3010006267.html www.gamekult.com - Mass Effect : Turbulences à 900.000 pieds]</ref> * {{Jezyky|ru|Гибель с небес}}<ref>[https://piper.old-games.ru/project/snowball_ru/www.snowball.ru/me/ Snowball Studios | Mass Effect: Золотое издание] </ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=December 30, 2008 |title="Mass Effect: Гибель с небес". Качаем |url=https://www.cnews.ru/news/line/mass_effect_gibel_s_nebes_kachaem |url-status=live|language=ru}}</ref> * {{Jezyky|it|Impatto imminente}}<ref name=":14" /><ref>[https://www.xbox.com/it-IT/games/store/impatto-imminente-en/BVTTSL5Q7D24 <nowiki>Xbox.com | Impatto imminente [EN]</nowiki>]</ref> |20 marca 2008 lěta |28 maja 2008 lěta<ref name=":10" /> |4 dekembra 2012 lěta<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ixbt.games/news/ps3-versiya-mass-effect-trilogy-v-dekabre.html|title=PS3-версия Mass Effect Trilogy в декабре|date=November 2, 2012|lang=ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2012/12/10/mass-effect-ps3-review|title=Mass Effect PS3 Review|date=December 10, 2012|first=Colin|last=Moriarty|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121212174118/http://www.ign.com/articles/2012/12/10/mass-effect-ps3-review|archive-date=December 12, 2012|lang=en}}</ref> |- | colspan="4" style="border: none; vertical-align: top;" | V {{-|DLC}} jedno zadanje, v ktorom piraty-batarianci ({{Jezyky|en|batarians}}) hčut skydnuti asteroid {{-|X57}} na planetu Tera Nova ({{Jezyky|en|Terra Nova}})<ref name=":11" />. |- | colspan="4" bgcolor="#e6e9ff" | |- align="center" bgcolor="#f2f2f2" |{{Jezyky|en|Pinnacle Station}} |25 avgusta 2009 lěta<ref name=":12" /> |25 avgusta 2009 lěta |nema |- | colspan="4" style="border: none; vertical-align: top;" | To vtoro {{-|DLC}} dodaje trenovačnu kosmičnu stanciju. Jejny komandir je admiral Ahern ({{Jezyky|en|Tadius Ahern}}). Igrač može trenovati se na stancije v simulatoru, ktory imaje 12 scenarijev i bonusny scenarij, ktory simuliruje jedin boj iz Vojny Prvogo Kontakta ({{Jezyky|en|First Contact War}}). Akoli završiti bonusny scenarij, igrač dobyvaje v dar apartamenty na planetě Intajsej ({{Jezyky|en|Intai'sei}}), v ktoryh igrač može kupiti redke predmety za dost malu cenu, ktora je vo mnogo raz niže, neželi v magazinah<ref name=":13" />. |} == Muzika == Muzikalne kompozicije stvorjal [[Jack Wall|Džek Vol]]{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=32}}<ref name=":9">[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1073668/fullcredits/?ref_=tt_cst_sm#amzn1.imdb.concept.name_credit_category.00f5faa0-5f76-4eb5-87a1-ec8d484d1779 Mass Effect (Video Game 2007) - Full cast & crew | {{-|Composers}}] na {{-|[[IMDb]]}}</ref>, ktory do ''{{-|Mass Effect}}'' stvoril saundtrek dlja igry {{-|[[Jade Empire]]}} 2005-go lěta i ktoru takože stvorila {{-|[[BioWare]]}}<ref>[https://www.discogs.com/master/698381-Jack-Wall-Jade-Empire-Original-Video-Game-Soundtrack Jack Wall - Jade Empire (Original Video Game Soundtrack)] na [[Discogs]]</ref><ref>[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0455965/fullcredits/?ref_=tt_cst_sm#amzn1.imdb.concept.name_credit_category.00f5faa0-5f76-4eb5-87a1-ec8d484d1779 Jade Empire (Video Game 2005) - Full cast & crow | Composer] na {{-|[[IMDb]]}}</ref>. 20 novembra 2007-go lěta label {{-|[[Sumthing Else]]}} izdal album ''{{-|Mass Effect Original Game Soundtrack}}''<ref name=":5">{{Cite web| url = https://vgmdb.net/album/5380| title = Mass Effect Original Soundtrack| date = November 13, 2007|lang=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.gamesindustry.biz/sumthing-else-music-works-announces-release-of-the-mass-effect-original-soundtrack-from-the-blockbuster-xbox-360r-video-game| title = Sumthing Else Music Works Announces Release Of The Mass Effect Original Soundtrack From The Blockbuster Xbox 360(R) Video Game| date = November 19, 2007|lang=en}}</ref>, ktory sodržal v sobě 37 kompozicij iz igry (obča dolgota 1 čas i 15 minut), a takože kompoziciju iz albuma {{-|[[M4 (muzikalny album)|M4]]}} kanadskoj {{-|[[indie-rock]]}} grupy {{-|[[Faunts (muzikalna grupa)|Faunts]]}}, ktora zvuči v igrě pri finalnyh titrah<ref name=":5" />. 13 novembra 2012-go lěta label {{-|[[FUNimation]]}} izdal album ''{{-|Mass Effect Paragon Lost Original Motion Picture Soundtrack}}'', s dolgotoju 1 čas i 9 minut, ktory sodržal v sobě 27 kompozicij iz [[anime]]-seriala {{-|[[Mass Effect: Paragon Lost]]}}<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/press-release/2012-11-08/mass-effect/paragon-lost-animated-film-score-composed-by-joshua-r-mosley-and-david-kates| title = Mass Effect: Paragon Lost Animated FIlm Score Composed by Joshua R. Mosley and David Kates| date = November 8, 2012|lang=en}}</ref>. {| class="wikitable" |+Spisok kompozicij iz {{-|Mass Effect}}<ref name=":5" /> !№ !Nazva !Avtori !Dolgost |- | align="center" |1 | align="left" |{{-|Mass Effect Theme}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |02:21:00 |- | align="center" |2 | align="left" |{{-|The Normandy}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:35:00 |- | align="center" |3 | align="left" |{{-|Eden Prime}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:34:00 |- | align="center" |4 | align="left" |{{-|Battle At Eden Prime}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:23:00 |- | align="center" |5 | align="left" |{{-|Saren}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |02:00:00 |- | align="center" |6 | align="left" |{{-|The Citadel}} | align="left" |{{-|Richard Jacques, Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:45:00 |- | align="center" |7 | align="left" |{{-|The Presidium}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:32:00 |- | align="center" |8 | align="left" |{{-|The Wards}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |03:14:00 |- | align="center" |9 | align="left" |{{-|Criminal Elements}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:56:00 |- | align="center" |10 | align="left" |{{-|Spectre Induction}} | align="left" |{{-|Richard Jacques, Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:55:00 |- | align="center" |11 | align="left" |{{-|Liara's World}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |02:35:00 |- | align="center" |12 | align="left" |{{-|A Very Dangerous Place}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |02:40:00 |- | align="center" |13 | align="left" |{{-|Feros}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:34:00 |- | align="center" |14 | align="left" |{{-|Protecting The Colony}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:56:00 |- | align="center" |15 | align="left" |{{-|The Thorian}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |03:12:00 |- | align="center" |16 | align="left" |{{-|Noveria}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |02:14:00 |- | align="center" |17 | align="left" |{{-|The Secret Labs}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |02:39:00 |- | align="center" |18 | align="left" |{{-|The Alien Queen}} | align="left" |{{-|Richard Jacques, Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:44:00 |- | align="center" |19 | align="left" |{{-|Fatal Confrontation}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:09:00 |- | align="center" |20 | align="left" |{{-|Saren's Base}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:37:00 |- | align="center" |21 | align="left" |{{-|Breeding Ground}} | align="left" |{{-|Richard Jacques, Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |03:47:00 |- | align="center" |22 | align="left" |{{-|Virmire Ride}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:41:00 |- | align="center" |23 | align="left" |{{-|Exit}} | align="left" |{{-|Richard Jacques, Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:54:00 |- | align="center" |24 | align="left" |{{-|Love Theme}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:54:00 |- | align="center" |25 | align="left" |{{-|Uncharted Worlds}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:16:00 |- | align="center" |26 | align="left" |{{-|Ilos}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:39:00 |- | align="center" |27 | align="left" |{{-|Vigil}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:44:00 |- | align="center" |28 | align="left" |{{-|Sovereign's Theme}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:19:00 |- | align="center" |29 | align="left" |{{-|Uplink}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:12:00 |- | align="center" |30 | align="left" |{{-|Battling Saren}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:38:00 |- | align="center" |31 | align="left" |{{-|In Pursuit Of Saren}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:37:00 |- | align="center" |32 | align="left" |{{-|Infusion}} | align="left" |{{-|Richard Jacques, Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:30:00 |- | align="center" |33 | align="left" |{{-|Final Assault}} | align="left" |{{-|Richard Jacques, Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |02:02:00 |- | align="center" |34 | align="left" |{{-|Victory}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |00:51:00 |- | align="center" |35 | align="left" |{{-|From The Wreckage}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:54:00 |- | align="center" |36 | align="left" |{{-|The End (Reprise)}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:10:00 |- | align="center" |37 | align="left" |{{-|M4 Part II (Faunts)}} | align="left" |{{-|Faunts}} | align="center" |08:18:00 |} == Anons i izdanje == {{Sistemne trěbovanja|useminandrec=1|platform1=Osobne kompjutery|os1={{-|[[Windows XP]]}} i {{-|[[Windows Vista]]}}|os1rec={{-|[[Windows XP]]}} i vyše|cpu1=2,4 {{-|GHz|ГГц}} {{-|[[Intel]]}} ili 2,0 {{-|GHz|ГГц}} {{-|[[AMD]]}}|cpu1rec=2,6 {{-|GHz|ГГц}} {{-|Intel}} ili 2,4 {{-|GHz|ГГц}} {{-|AMD}} i vyše|gpu1=|gpu1rec=|memory1=1 [[Gigabajt|Gb]] {{-|[[RAM]]}} ({{-|XP}})/2 Gb {{-|RAM}} ({{-|Vista}})|memory1rec=2 Gb {{-|RAM}} i vyše|hdspace1=12 Gb|hdspace1rec=12 Gb i vyše|media1=|media1rec=|display1={{-|[[Nvidia GeForce|Nvidia GeForce 6]]}} ({{-|6800GT}} ili lepje) ili / {{-|[[ATI Radeon]]}} {{-|1300XT}} s poddržkoj šajder-modely 3.0|display1rec={{-|[[GeForce]]}} 7900 {{-|GTX}} / {{-|[[ATI Radeon]]}} {{-|X1800 XL}} i vyše|network1=|network1rec=|sound1=Sumestima-kompatibilna s {{-|DirectX 9.0}} sumestima [[zvukova karta]]|sound1rec=Sumestima-kopmatibilna {{-|DirectX 9.0}} s i vyše sumestima [[zvukova karta]]|input1=|input1rec=}} Igra oficialno byla anonsovana je na {{-|[[Xbox show]]}} v [[Amsterdam|Amsterdamu]] 4 oktobra 2005-go lěta.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.ign.com/articles/2005/10/04/x05-mass-effect-eyes-on| title = X05: Mass Effect: Eyes-On| date = October 4, 2005| first = Charles| last = Onyett|lang=en}}</ref> V maju 2006-go lěta demonstracijna versija igry byla prědstavjena na {{-|[[Electronic Entertainment Expo]]}} i dobyla {{-|[[Game Critics Awards]]}} kak najlěpša roljeva igra.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.gamespot.com/articles/e3-06-mass-effect-impressions/1100-6150171/| title = E3 06: Mass Effect Impressions| date = May 11, 2006| first = Greg| last = Mueller|lang=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.ign.com/articles/2006/05/10/e3-2006-mass-effect-impressions| title = E3 2006: Mass Effect Impressions| date = May 10, 2006| first = Charles| last = Onyett|lang=en}}</ref> Novy gejmplej byl pokazan je v septembru 2006-go lěta na {{-|[[Xbox show]]}} v {{-|[[Barselona|Barseloně]]}}.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.gamesindustry.biz/microsoft-announces-x06| title = Microsoft Announces X06| date = June 22, 2006|lang=en}}</ref> V marcu 2007-go lěta gejmplej byl pokazan je cěly čas v [[San-Francisko]] na {{-|[[Game Developeres Conference]]}}.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.ign.com/articles/2007/03/07/gdc-2007-mass-effect-the-first-hour| title = GDC 2007: Mass Effect - The First Hour| date = March 7, 2007| first = Hilary| last = Goldstein| first2 = Erik| last2 = Brudvig|lang=en}}</ref> Povtorno igra byla pokazana na {{-|Electronic Entertainment Expo}} v juliju 2007-go lěta.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CItElYfc47g| title = Live from the Santa Monica Pier! Mass Effect Stage Demo| date = July 19, 2007|lang=en}}</ref> V avgustu 2007-go lěta byla pokazana na {{-|[[Games Convention]]}} v [[Leipzig|{{-|Leipzigu|Леjпцигу}}]].<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.gamesindustry.biz/critically-acclaimed-rpg-mass-effect-begins-epic-journey-on-23rd-november-2007| title = Critically-Acclaimed RPG "Mass Effect" Begins Epic Journey on 23rd November 2007| date = August 31, 2007|lang=en}}</ref> V izdanje igra šla 20 novembra 2007-go lěta.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://news.microsoft.com/source/2007/11/20/gamer-excitement-reaches-galactic-proportions-as-mass-effect-touches-down-today-on-retail-shelves-in-north-america/| title = Gamer Excitement Reaches Galactic Proportions as “Mass Effect” Touches Down Today on Retail Shelves in North America| date = November 20, 2007|lang=en}}</ref> == Recenzije == {| class="wikitable" | rowspan="2" align="center" |'''Izdanje''' | colspan="3" align="center" |'''Ocěnka''' |- | align="center" |'''{{-|[[Osobny kompjuter|PC]]}}''' | align="center" |'''{{-|[[PlayStation 3|PS3]]}}''' | align="center" |'''{{-|[[Xbox 360]]}}''' |- | align="left" |{{-|[[GameRankings]]}} | align="left" |89,70 %<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gamerankings.com/pc/944902-mass-effect/index.html|title=Mass Effect for PC|publisher={{-|[[GameRankings]]}}|access-date=2019-12-09|language=en|archive-date=2019-12-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191209015645/https://www.gamerankings.com/pc/944902-mass-effect/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> | align="left" |82,00 %<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gamerankings.com/ps3/689056-mass-effect/index.html|title=Mass Effect PlayStation 3|date=2016-10-05|publisher={{-|[[GameRankings]]}}|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121213034250/http://www.gamerankings.com/ps3/689056-mass-effect/index.html|archive-date=2012-12-13|lang=en}}</ref> | align="left" |91,24 %<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gamerankings.com/xbox360/930279-mass-effect/index.html|title=Mass Effect for Xbox 360|publisher={{-|[[GameRankings]]}}|access-date=2019-12-09|language=en|archive-date=2019-12-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191209013328/https://www.gamerankings.com/xbox360/930279-mass-effect/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[Metacritic]]}} | align="left" |89/100<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.metacritic.com/game/pc/mass-effect|title=Mass Effect (PC)|date=2012-04-24|publisher={{-|[[Metacritic]]}}|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100821111555/http://www.metacritic.com/game/pc/mass-effect|archive-date=2010-08-21|lang=en}}</ref> | align="left" |85/100<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.metacritic.com/game/playstation-3/mass-effect|title=Mass Effect (PlayStation 3)|date=2016-10-05|publisher={{-|[[Metacritic]]}}|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121118033542/http://www.metacritic.com/game/playstation-3/mass-effect|archive-date=2012-11-18|lang=en}}</ref> | align="left" |91/100<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.metacritic.com/game/xbox-360/mass-effect|title=Mass Effect (Xbox 360)|date=2012-04-24|publisher={{-|[[Metacritic]]}}|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100817013510/http://www.metacritic.com/game/xbox-360/mass-effect|archive-date=2010-08-17|lang=en}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[1UP.com]]}} | align="left" |A-<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.1up.com/reviews/mass-effect-review|title=Mass Effect PC Review |author=Thierry Nguyen |date=2008-06-17 |lang=en |work={{-|[[1UP.com]]}}|access-date=2012-04-25 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/68iFKqDnr?url=http://www.1up.com/reviews/mass-effect-review|archive-date=2012-06-26 }}</ref> | align="left" | - | align="left" |A<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.1up.com/reviews/mass-effect |title=Mass Effect (XBOX 360) |author=Jennifer Tsao|date=2007-11-19 |work={{-|[[1UP.com]}} |lang=en |access-date=2012-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120605212422/http://www.1up.com/reviews/mass-effect|archive-date=2012-06-05}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[Computer and Video Games|CVG]]}} | align="left" |9,2/10<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.computerandvideogames.com/190267/reviews/mass-effect-review/ |title=Mass Effect PC Review |lang=en |work={{-|[[Computer and Video Games]]}}|author=Ed Zitron|date=2008-06-04 |access-date=2012-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120312103314/http://www.computerandvideogames.com/190267/reviews/mass-effect-review/|archive-date=2012-03-12}}</ref> | align="left" | - | align="left" |9,0/10<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.computerandvideogames.com/175911/reviews/mass-effect-review/ |title=Mass Effect Xbox Review |lang=en |work={{-|[[Computer and Video Games]]}}|author=Alex Dale|date=2007-11-19 |access-date=2012-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110126035543/http://www.computerandvideogames.com/175911/reviews/mass-effect-review/|archive-date=2011-01-12}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[Edge (žurnal)|Edge]]}} | align="left" |7/10<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.edge-online.com/reviews/mass-effect-review|title=Mass Effect review |lang=en |work={{-|[[Future Publishing]]}}|date=2007-12-02|access-date=2012-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120301013356/http://www.edge-online.com/reviews/mass-effect-review|archive-date=2012-03-01}}</ref> | align="left" | - | align="left" | - |- | align="left" |{{-|[[Eurogamer]]}} | align="left" |8/10<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/mass-effect-review |title=Mass Effect Review |lang=en |work={{-|[[Eurogamer]]}}|author=Kristan Reed|date=2007-11-19|access-date=2012-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111204445/http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/mass-effect-review|archive-date=2009-01-11}}</ref> | align="left" | - | align="left" |8/10<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/mass-effect-review |title=Mass Effect Review |lang=en|work={{-|[[Eurogamer]]}}|author=Kristan Reed|access-date=2012-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111204445/http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/mass-effect-review|archive-date=2009-01-11}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[Game Informer]]}} | align="left" | - | align="left" | - | align="left" |9,75/10<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Andrew Reiner|title=Mass EFfect|work={{-|[[Game Informer]]}}|issue=175|page=151|date=November 2007}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[GamePro]]}} | align="left" | - | align="left" | - | align="left" |4,75/5<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gamepro.com/article/reviews/148788/mass-effect-the-best-rpg-of-2007/ |title=GamePro review |lang=en |work={{-|[[Gamepro]]}} |author=Cameron Lewis|date=2007-11-19|access-date=2009-05-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080921213613/http://www.gamepro.com/article/reviews/148788/mass-effect-the-best-rpg-of-2007/|archive-date=2008-09-21}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[GameSpot]]}} | align="left" |9,0/10<ref>{{cite web|author=Chris Watters|url=http://www.gamespot.com/mass-effect/reviews/mass-effect-review-6191875/|title=Mass Effect Review for PC|lang=en|work={{-|[[GameSpot]]}}|date=2008-05-28|access-date=2012-04-25|archive-date=2012-05-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120501162723/http://www.gamespot.com/mass-effect/reviews/mass-effect-review-6191875/|url-status=live}}</ref> | align="left" | - | align="left" |8,5/10<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gamespot.com/mass-effect/reviews/mass-effect-review-6183119/|title=GameSpot review|lang=en|author=Kevin VanOrd|work={{-|[[GameSpot]]}}|access-date=2012-04-25|archive-date=2012-05-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120501004812/http://www.gamespot.com/mass-effect/reviews/mass-effect-review-6183119/|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[GameSpy]]}} | align="left" |5 zvězd<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pc.gamespy.com/pc/bioware-rpg/877353p1.html|title=GameSpy: Mass Effect|lang=en|work={{-|[[GameSpy]]}}|last=Villoria|first=Gerald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080531073014/http://pc.gamespy.com/pc/bioware-rpg/877353p1.html|archive-date=2008-05-31}}</ref> | align="left" | - | align="left" |5 zvězd<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://xbox360.gamespy.com/xbox-360/mass-effect/836239p1.html|title=Gamespy review |lang=en |work={{-|[[GameSpy]]}}|last=Villoria|first=Gerald |access-date=2009-05-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071120143528/http://xbox360.gamespy.com/xbox-360/mass-effect/836239p1.html|archive-date=2007-11-20}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[GamesRadar (žurnal)|GamesRadar+]]}} | align="left" |9/10 | align="left" | - | align="left" |9/10<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gamesradar.com/mass-effect-12/ |title=Mass Effect review |lang=en |work={{-|[[GamesRadar (žurnal|GamesRadar]]}} |author=Eric Bratcher|access-date=2012-05-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121013070541/http://www.gamesradar.com/mass-effect-review/|archive-date=2012-10-13}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[GameTrailers]]}} | align="left" | - | align="left" | - | align="left" |9,6/10<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.gametrailers.com/gamereview.php?id=2211|title=Mass Effect |website={{-|[[GameTrailers]]}}|access-date=February 22, 2009|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090222082413/http://www.gametrailers.com/gamereview.php?id=2211 |archive-date=February 22, 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[IGN]]}} | align="left" |9,4/10<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2008/05/27/mass-effect-review |title=Mass Effect Review |website={{-|[[IGN]]}}|access-date=October 1, 2016 |author=Jason Ocampo |date=May 27, 2008 |lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140530035846/http://www.ign.com/articles/2008/05/27/mass-effect-review |archive-date=May 30, 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> | align="left" |9,0/10<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2012/12/10/mass-effect-ps3-review |title=Mass Effect PS3 Review |website={{-|[[IGN]]}}|access-date=October 2, 2016 |author=Colin Moriarty |date=December 10, 2012 |lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160129185655/http://www.ign.com/articles/2012/12/10/mass-effect-ps3-review |archive-date=January 29, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> | align="left" |9,4/10<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2007/11/19/mass-effect-review-2 |title=Mass Effect Review |website={{-|[[IGN]]}}|access-date=October 1, 2016 |author=Erik Brudvig |date=November 19, 2007 |lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160924220330/http://www.ign.com/articles/2007/11/19/mass-effect-review-2 |archive-date=September 24, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[Official Xbox Magazine]]}} | align="left" | - | align="left" | - | align="left" |10/10<ref>{{Cite magazine |url=http://www.oxmonline.com/mass-effect-review |title=Mass Effect review |magazine={{-|[[Official Xbox Magazine]]}}|author=Paul Curthoys |date=November 19, 2007 |access-date=October 6, 2011 |lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111006140039/http://www.oxmonline.com/mass-effect-review |archive-date=October 6, 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[3DNews]]}} | align="left" |9,5/10<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.3dnews.ru/games/mass_effect/|title=Mass Effect — покорители вселенной|author=Сапрыкин, Геннадий|date=2008-06-07|access-date=2012-04-24|lang=ru|work={{-|[[3DNews]]}}|archive-date=2012-03-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120307111127/http://www.3dnews.ru/games/mass_effect|url-status=live}}</ref> | align="left" | - | align="left" | - |- | align="left" |{{-|[[Absolute Games]]}} | align="left" |79 %<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ag.ru/games/mass-effect/review |title=Рецензия на Mass Effect |author=Nomad |date=2008-06-15 |access-date=2019-12-12 |lang=ru |work={{-|[[Absolute Games]]}}|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130101061931/https://ag.ru/games/mass-effect/review|archive-date=2013-01-01}}</ref> | align="left" | - | align="left" | - |- | align="left" |{{-|[[PlayGround.ru]]}} | align="left" |8,6/10<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.playground.ru/articles/21303/ |title=Mass Effect. Сны о чем-то большем |author=demigot |date=2008-06-26 |access-date=2012-04-24 |lang=ru |work={{-|[[PlayGround.ru|Playground]]}}|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200812202004/https://www.playground.ru/mass_effect/opinion/mass_effect_sny_o_chem_to_bolshem-421303|archive-date=2020-08-12}}</ref> | align="left" | - | align="left" | - |- | align="left" |{{-|[[Игромания (žurnal)|Игромания]]}} | align="left" |9,5/10<ref>{{Cite web |author=Курган, Георгий |title=Полные рецензии > Mass Effect |url=http://www.igromania.ru/articles/56443/Mass_Effect.htm |work={{-|[[Игромания (žurnal)|Игромания]]}} |year=2008|publisher={{-|Игромедиа}}|lang=ru |archive-date=2012-04-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120411071729/http://www.igromania.ru/articles/56443/Mass_Effect.htm }}</ref> | align="left" | - | align="left" | - |} == Prodolženje-sikvel == Tvorjenje vtoroj igry počelo se v početku 2008-go lěta. {{-|[[Mass Effect 2]]}} byla izdana je 26 januara 2010-go lěta<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.vg247.com/mass-effect-comfirmed-for-january-2010-release-with-preorder-bonus| title = Mass Effect 2 confirmed for January 2010 release with preorder bonus| date = October 16, 2009| first = Stephany| last = Nunneley-Jackson|lang=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.cnews.ru/news/line/mass_effect_2_data_vyhoda| title = Mass Effect 2. Дата выхода| date = October 17, 2009|lang=ru}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web| url = https://gamemag.ru/news/48799/mass-effect-2-stal-pervym-igrovym-blokbasterom-2010-goda| title = Mass Effect 2 стал первым игровым блокбастером 2010 года| date = February 3, 2010| first = Сергей| last = Дьяконенко|lang=ru}}</ref>. Na {{-|PlayStation 3}} igra byla izdana 18 januara 2011-go lěta<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2010/12/09/mass-effect-2-ps3-release-date|title=Mass Effect 2 PS3 Release Date|date=December 9, 2010|first=Jim|last=Reilly|lang=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blog.bioware.com/2010/12/15/mass-effect-2-on-playstation-3-podcast-and-gold-announcement/|title=Mass Effect 2 on Playstation 3 Podcast and Gold Announcement|date=December 15, 2010|first=Evil Chris|last=Priestly|lang=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.ea.com/press-releases/press-releases-details/2011/BioWares-Award-Winning-Mass-Effect-2-Makes-PlayStation-3-Debut-Today/default.aspx|date=January 18, 2011|title=BioWare’s Award-Winning Mass Effect 2 Makes PlayStation 3 Debut Today|lang=en}}</ref>. V {{-|Mass Effect 2}} možno importovati shranjenu igru iz {{-|Mass Effect}} — dejanja iz prvoj igry imajut vliv vo vtoroj<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2009/12/28/mass-effect-2-importing-requires-hard-drive|title=Mass Effect 2 Importing Requires Hard Drive|date=December 28, 2009|first=Jim|last=Reilly|lang=en}}</ref>. == Iztočniky == {{Iztočniky}} == Vnešne linky == * {{-|{{MobyGames|31277/mass-effect/}}}} {{Pravopis prověrjeny}} [[Kategorija:Mass Effect]] [[Kategorija:Kompjuterne igry, ktore stvorila BioWare]] [[Kategorija:Kompjuterne igry, ktore izdala Electronic Arts]] [[Kategorija:Igry za Windows]] [[Kategorija:Igry za Xbox 360]] [[Kategorija:Igry na igromotoru Unreal Engine 3]] [[Kategorija:Igry za PlayStation 3]] [[Kategorija:Videoigry]] 6nplnx1plfehwjl0m5bgoi0r74qzn7i 45623 45622 2026-08-13T06:41:12Z Ilja isv 10 45623 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kartka kompjuterna igra |obložka= |nazva = {{-|Mass Effect}} |razrabotniki={{-|[[BioWare]]}} |izdatelji={{-|[[Microsoft Game Studios]]}}, {{-|[[Electronic Arts]]}} |serija={{-|[[Mass Effect]]}} |dataizdanja={{-|[[Xbox 360]]}}: [[Severna Amerika]]: 20 novembra 2007 [[Avstralija]]: 22 novembra 2007 [[Evropejsky sojuz]]: 23 novembra 2007 {{-|[[Microsoft Windows|Windows]]}}: [[Severna Amerika]]: 28 maja 2008 [[Avstralija]]: 5 junija 2008 [[Evropejsky sojuz]]: 6 junija 2008 {{-|[[PlayStation 3]]}}: [[Severna Amerika]]: 4 dekembra 2012 [[Evropejsky sojuz]]: 7 dekembra 2012 |žanr={{-|action role-playing}} |platformy={{-|[[Xbox 360]], [[Microsoft Windows]], [[PlayStation 3]]}} |igrovy motor={{-|[[Unreal Engine 3]]}}<ref>{{Cite web| url=https://www.unrealengine.com/blog/mass-effect| title=Critically Acclaimed Mass Effect Powered by Unreal Engine 3| date=November 20, 2007| first=John| last=Gaudiosi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.gamesradar.com/mass-effect-legendary-edition-uses-unreal-engine-3-for-good-reason-according-to-the-developers/ |title=Mass Effect: Legendary Edition uses Unreal Engine 3 for good reason according to the developers |website=GamesRadar+ |date=4 February 2021 |access-date=12 October 2022 |archive-date=6 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210206190428/https://www.gamesradar.com/mass-effect-legendary-edition-uses-unreal-engine-3-for-good-reason-according-to-the-developers/ |url-status=live }}</ref> |režim igry=jedin igrač |glava=[[Casey Hudson|Kejsi Hadson]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://akamai.cdn.ea.com/eadownloads/u/f/manuals/GAME-MASSEFFECT/Manuals.zip|type=zip|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250101115505/http://akamai.cdn.ea.com/eadownloads/u/f/manuals/GAME-MASSEFFECT/Manuals.zip|archive-date=2025-01-01|access-date=2026-08-12|ref= {{sfnref|Manual|2008}}|title= Mass Effect PC Manual|year=2008 }}</ref> |gejmdizajner=Preston Wataman{{-|iu|jу}}k{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=32}} |programist=David Falkner{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=32}}<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1073668/fullcredits/?ref_=tt_cst_sm#amzn1.imdb.concept.name_credit_category.a7c2d410-e513-4bd7-85d5-73060ec46a84 {{-|Mass Effect (Video Game 2007) - Full cast & crew}} | {{-|Additional Crew}}] na {{-|[[IMDb]]}}</ref> |hudožnik=Derek Watts{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=32}}<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1073668/fullcredits/?ref_=tt_cst_sm#amzn1.imdb.concept.name_credit_category.60a44752-af76-44f7-9de0-ec51aea2180d {{-|Mass Effect (Video Game 2007) - Full cast & crew}} | {{-|Art Director}}] na {{-|[[IMDb]]}}</ref> |kompozitori=[[Jack Wall|Džek Vol]],{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=32}}<ref name=":9" /> [[Sam Hulick|Sam Hulik]],{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=32}}<ref name=":9" /> [[Richard Jacques|Rišar Žak]],{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=32}}<ref name=":9" /> David {{-|Kates|Кеjтс}}{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=32}}<ref name=":9" />|jezyky interfejsa=[[Anglijsky jezyk|anglijsky]], [[Francuzsky jezyk|francuzsky]], [[Němečsky jezyk|němečsky]], [[Špansky jezyk|špansky]], [[Italijansky jezyk|italijansky]], [[Russky jezyk|russky]], [[Poljsky jezyk|poljsky]]}} '''''{{-|Mass Effect}}''''' ({{Jezyky|isv|Efekt masy}}) — [[kompjuterna igra]] v žanru {{-|action-role-play}}, ktoru stvorila studija {{-|[[BioWare]]}} i izdala {{-|[[Microsoft Game Studios]]}} v lětu 2007.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.ign.com/articles/2007/11/19/mass-effect-review-2| date = November 19, 2007| title = Mass Effect Review| first = Erik| last = Brudvig|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161005213517/http://www.ign.com/articles/2007/11/19/mass-effect-review-2|archive-date=2016-10-05}}</ref> Je prvoju čestju [[Mass Effect|serije {{-|Mass Effect}}]]. V 2007 leto igra prišla jedino toliko na {{-|[[Xbox 360]]}}.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web| url = http://xbox360.gamespy.com/xbox-360/mass-effect/836239p1.html| title = Mass Effect| date = November 19, 2007| first = Gerald| last = Villoria|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071120143528/http://xbox360.gamespy.com/xbox-360/mass-effect/836239p1.html|archive-date=2007-11-20}}</ref> V 2008 javila se versija igry na {{-|[[Microsoft Windows|Windows]]}},<ref name=":1">{{Cite web| url = http://pc.gamespy.com/pc/bioware-rpg/877353p1.html| title = BioWare's space opera comes to PC and is still one of the greatest role-playing games we've ever played.| date = May 28, 2008| first = Gerald| last = Villoria|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080531073014/http://pc.gamespy.com/pc/bioware-rpg/877353p1.html|archive-date=2008-05-31}}</ref> v 2012 prišla versija na {{-|[[PlayStation 3]]}}.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.ign.com/articles/2012/09/26/mass-effect-trilogy-set-announced| title = Mass Effect Trilogy Set Announced| date = September 26, 2012| first = Andrew| last = Goldfarb|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120926193158/http://www.ign.com/articles/2012/09/26/mass-effect-trilogy-set-announced|archive-date=2012-09-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.gamespot.com/articles/mass-effect-trilogy-comes-to-ps3-dec-4/1100-6399374/| title = Mass Effect Trilogy comes to PS3 Dec. 4| date = November 2, 2010| first = Eddie| last = Makuch|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107221336/https://www.gamespot.com/articles/mass-effect-trilogy-comes-to-ps3-dec-4/1100-6399374/|archive-date=2017-11-07}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web| url = https://blog.bioware.com/2012/11/01/ryan-warden-an-update-on-the-mass-effect-trilogy/| title = Ryan Warden: An Update on the Mass Effect Trilogy| date = November 1, 2012|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103041035/http://blog.bioware.com/2012/11/01/ryan-warden-an-update-on-the-mass-effect-trilogy/|archive-date=2012-11-03}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web| url = https://www.ign.com/articles/2012/11/30/reminder-mass-effect-comes-to-ps3-very-soon| title = Reminder: Mass Effect Comes to PS3 Very Soon| date = November 30, 2012| first = Colin| last = Moriarty|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121203054258/http://www.ign.com/articles/2012/11/30/reminder-mass-effect-comes-to-ps3-very-soon|archive-date=2012-12-03}}</ref> Sjužet igry govori o tom, že v 22-om stoletju [[člověčstvo]] spoznalo i naučilo se rabotati s tehnologijeju svrhsvětlovyh lětanij v [[Kosmos|kosmosu]] s pomočju nekakogo nulovogo elementa, ktory obnuloval masu-težinu (toj moment vpisan je v nazvanje igry). A takože v to stolětje ljudi zakontaktovali se s inoplanetnymi civilizacijami.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=6}} Glavny heroj ili herojinja (to izbiraje igrač) igry komander Šepard dobyvaje status Spektra — specialnogo soldata na služenju galaktičnoj rady-sověta Citadely, i so svojim odredom pošeti različne mesta i zvezdne sistemy galaktiky. V 2008 lětu za igru izdali dodatny kontent pod nazvoju ''{{-|Bring Down the Sky}}'',<ref name=":10">{{Cite web| url = http://pc.gamespy.com/pc/bioware-rpg/894639p1.html| title = Free Downloadable Content Now Available for Mass Effect PC| date = July 29, 2008|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080802190447/http://pc.gamespy.com/pc/bioware-rpg/894639p1.html|archive-date=2008-08-08}}</ref> v ktorom potrebno bylo spasati planetu Tera Nova od asteroida {{-|X57}} i teroristov.<ref name=":11">{{Cite web| url = https://www.ign.com/articles/2008/02/25/mass-effect-bring-down-the-sky-interview| title = Mass Effect: Bring Down the Sky Interview| date = February 25, 2008| first = Erik| last = Brudvig|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130216182140/http://www.ign.com/articles/2008/02/25/mass-effect-bring-down-the-sky-interview|archive-date=2013-02-16}}</ref> V 2009 lětu za igru izdali dodatny kontent pod nazvoju ''{{-|Pinnacle Station}}'', ktory dodaval nekoliko zadanij, a takože možnost dobyti v nagradu apartamenty.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.eurogamer.net/me-pinnacle-station-dlc-detailed| title = New Mass Effect DLC detailed| date = August 24, 2009| first = Robert| last = Purchese|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128113544/https://www.eurogamer.net/me-pinnacle-station-dlc-detailed|archive-date=2022-11-28}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite web| url = https://gamemag.ru/news/44026/mass-effect-dopolnenie-pinnacle-station-dostupno-v-xbox-live| title = Mass Effect: Дополнение "Pinnacle Station" доступно в Xbox Live| date = August 24, 2009| last = livesaifer|lang=ru|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260731230912/https://gamemag.ru/news/44026/mass-effect-dopolnenie-pinnacle-station-dostupno-v-xbox-live|archive-date=2026-07-31}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.gamespot.com/articles/new-mass-effect-dlc-avatar-items-now-available/1100-6216123/| title = New Mass Effect DLC, avatar items now available. UPDATE Microsoft releases Pinnacle Station, a 13-mission, two-to-three-hour add-on to the popular Xbox 360 role-playing game; Mass Effect outfits hit Marketplace en masse.| date = August 25, 2009| first = Tor| last = Thorsen|lang=en}}</ref><ref name=":13">{{Cite web| url = https://www.ign.com/articles/2009/08/25/mass-effect-pinnacle-station-review| title = Mass Effect: Pinnacle Station Review| date = August 25, 2009| first = Erik| last = Brudvig|lang=en}}</ref> Dalje byli izdane igry {{-|[[Mass Effect 2]]}} v 2010 lětu i {{-|[[Mass Effect 3]]}} v 2012,<ref name=":4" /> ktore stvorili trilogiju o komanderu Šepardu. V 2021 leto igra byla obnovjena v svezku izdanja {{-|[[Mass Effect: Legendary Edition]]}}.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://news.ea.com/press-releases/press-releases-details/2021/Relive-the-Award-Winning-Space-Opera-in-Mass-Effect-Legendary-Edition-on-May-14/default.aspx| title = Relive the Award-Winning Space Opera in Mass Effect Legendary Edition on May 14| date = February 2, 2021|lang=en}}</ref> == Gejmplej == ''{{-|Mass Effect}} '' — je igra v žanru {{-|action-rpg}} za jednogo igrača, v ktoroj igrač upravjaje komanderom Šepardom ({{Jezyky|en|Commander Shepard}}) s pogledom od tretjego lica. Pred početkom igry potrebno izbrati ime igrača (ktoro na igrovy svet ne vlijaje), pol, izgled, jedin iz nekoliko variantov predhistorije, igrovy klas-specialnost. {{sfn|Manual|2008|p=7-9}} Za izbor dostupne sut 6 klasov. Každy klas imaje svoju specialnost v oružju i sposobnostah.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=8}} Igrač i učestniki odreda mogut orudovati vsakym oružjem, ale efektivnost togo zavisi od klasa i parametrov každogo.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=8}} Na kosmičnom korabu igrača dostupna je karta galaktiky, s pomočju ktoroj igrač može premeščati se po svetu. V galaktikě sut grupy-skupiny zvezd, v ktoryh sut zvezdne sistemy, v ktoryh už sut planety i kosmične stancije. Za premeščenije medžu grupami zvezd potrebno upotrebjati retranslatory masy ({{Jezyky|en|Mass-Relay}}).{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=14-15}} Kosmičny korab igrača imaje nazvu "Normandija" ({{Jezyky|en|Normandy SR-1}}) — to je esperimentalny korab, ktory stvorili naučniki Aliansa sistem ({{Jezyky|en|Systems Alliance}}) v koperacije s turianskymi ({{Jezyky|en|turians}}) specialistami. Toj korab upotrebjaje se igračem za putovanje medžu planetami i zvezdami s pomočju interaktivnoj karty. Na korabu irač može govoriti s ljudami-služebnikami koraba (medikami, inženjerami) i učestnikami svojego odreda. Na planetah i stancijah igrač izpolnjaje zadanja-operacije, kvesty i vzajemodejstvuje s {{-|NPC}}.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=10-11}} Po završenju-koncu zadanij igrač dobyvaje specialne pointy, ktore dozvoljajut razvivati sposobnosti, dobyvaje predmety za inventar. Inventar imaje razmer v 150 elementov-predmetov. Nepotrebne predmety možno prodati, utilizirovati v omni-gel, ktory je potreben za otkrytje zamkov i remonta vsekdehoda "Mako".{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=22}} Vsekdehod "Mako" možno upotrebjati na planetah za preměščenje na velike distancije i strěljbu po neprijateljam. Takože vsekdehod je pomočen na nektoryh zlyh planetah, na ktoryh okolična pogoda jest škodliva dlja odreda.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=26}} A na kosmičnyh stancijah i planetah možno kupiti različne predmety kako oružje, bronju i dodatne ulepšenja. === Bojeva sistema === Boji idut v realnom času. Igrač upravjaje Šepardom od tretjego lica. V odredu igrača takože je jedino dva personaža, ktorymi upravjaje kompjuter i ktorym može davati komandy igrač, naprimer: atakovati neprijatelja, zajeti ukrytje i tako dalje.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=16-17}} V čas boja igrač može otkryti taktično menju, ktoro stopuje igru i v ktorom možno smeniti oružje, ukazati koju sposobnost upotrebiti (kako Šepardu tako i učestnikam odreda). Každa sposobnost imaje svoju meru-vreme za obnovjene posle každogo upotrebjenja.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=16-17}} Oružje igrača ne trebuje naboja, jednako dost silna streljba može pregreti oružje i nektoro vreme nemožno bude streljati. To trebuje delati pauzu medžu streljanjem. V igrě sut 4 tipov oružja: pistolety, pompovky, vintovky, snajperske ružja i granaty.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=18-19}} Bronja takože različna: legka, sredna, težka. Vsaka bronja imaje različne specializacije i sposobnosti. Takože može byti ograničenje v zavisnosti od klasa igrača ili učestnika odreda. Takože je razlika medžu civilizacijami: ljudi i azari ({{Jezyky|en|asari}}) mogut nositi jednu bronju, turianci imajut svoju bronju, krogani ({{Jezyky|en|krogans}}) svoju.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=20-21}} Akoli gibnut učestniki odreda, to ih možno lečiti s pomočju medi-gela, akoli gibne igrač, to treba restartovati igru od poslednego shranjenja. === Dialogova sistema === Igrač izbiraje varianty za odgovor s pomočju dialogovogo kolesa ({{Jezyky|en|dialogue wheel}}).{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=10-11}} Obyčajno, ale ne vsegda, v pravoj vrhnoj straně sut rečenja heroja-paragona, a v pravoj nižnej-dolnoj straně sut rečenja odstupnika-renegata. Rečenja heroja sut sinjego cveta-kolora, a odstupnika-renegata črvenogo. V levoj straně kolesa sut varianty rečenja, ktore mogut zapytati nekojego {{-|NPC}} o predmetě govorenja. Herojske-paragonske rečenja dodajut igraču pointy heroja, a odstupničske-renegatske dajut pointy renegata. Te pointy dajut nove varianty dejanij v različne momenty igry. Te varianty mogut dati dodatnu informaciju, izbegti boja, spasti nekojego.{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=24}} == Sjužet == === Igrovy svet === Dejanje tutoj igry ide v [[Mlěčny put|Mlěčnom putu]] v 22 stoletju. Človečstvo spoznalo letanja v kosmosu s pomočju nulevogo elementa i mas-retranslatorov ({{Jezyky|en|mass relays}}). Retranslatory směnšajut masu-težinu korabov do nula i s pomočju togo koraby kako by teleportujut se{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=6}}. Krome človečstva v galaktikě sut množstva drugyh inoplanetnyh civilizacij, nektora čest kojih stvorila specialny Sovět na kosmičnoj stanciji Citadel. Osnovne civilizacije sut azari ({{Jezyky|en|asari}}), turianci ({{Jezyky|en|turians}}) i salarianci ({{Jezyky|en|salarians}})<ref>{{-|[[BioWare]]}}. {{-|Mass Effect}} (2007). Igrovy Kodeks: "Inoplanetjani: Rasy v Sovetě Citadely" ({{Jezyky|en|Aliens: Council Races}}).</ref>. Nektore civilizacije sut prědstavjene na Citadelě s pomočju ambasad: volusi ({{Jezyky|en|voluses}}), hanari ({{Jezyky|en|hanars}}), elkori ({{Jezyky|en|elcors}}), a takože ljudi<ref>{{-|[[BioWare]]}}. {{-|Mass Effect}} (2007). Igrovy Kodeks: "Inoplanetjani: Rasy ne v Sovetě Citadely" ({{Jezyky|en|Aliens: Non-Council Races}}).</ref>. Takože sut nektore civilizacije, ktore živut vne Citadelskogo prostora: krogani ({{Jezyky|en|krogans}}), batarianci ({{Jezyky|en|batarians}}), kvarianci ({{Jezyky|en|quarians}}). Vse životne civilizacije v igrě imajut nazvu ''organične'', a robotove civilizacije, kako gety ({{Jezyky|en|geths}}) i Žnecy ({{Jezyky|en|Reapers}}) ''sintetične''. Člověčstvo prvy raz strětilo se s inymi civilizacijami (turiancami) v 2149 lětu i ta strěča počela se kako vojna, ktora skoro završila se. Ljudi izšli v novy sektor kosmosa s pomočju retranslatora, ale zakon Citadele ne dozvoljaje aktivirovati nerazvedane retranslatory; zamesto govorenja turianci izničtožili prve koraby ljudij i to dejanje stalo pričinoju vojny.<ref name=":17">[[BioWare]]. {{-|Mass Effect}} (2007). Igrovy Kodeks: "Človečstvo i Alians Sistem" ({{Jezyky|en|Humanity and the Systems Alliance}}).</ref> Potom človečstvo dobylo svoje město v galaktičnom sociumu posle nektoryh drugyh dejanij<ref name=":17" />. Na moment početka igry komander Šepard potreben byl stati prvym človekom Spektrom. Spektri sut specialni ljudi, u kojih administracija je Sovět Citadele<ref>{{-|[[BioWare]]}}. {{-|Mass Effect}} (2007). Igrovy Kodeks: "Citadel i Galaktičska vlada" ({{Jezyky|en|Citadel and Galactic Government}}).</ref>. === Personaži === ==== Šepard ==== Glavny personaž igry je komander Šepard ({{Jezyky|en|Shepard}}). V zavisnosti od igrača Šepard može byti žena ili muž. Standardno mužsko ime je Džon ({{Jezyky|en|John}}), a žensko Džejn ({{Jezyky|en|Jane}}). Prědhistorija Šeparda takože izbiraje se igračem: {| class="wikitable" |+Varianty biografije Šeparda{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=7-9}} ! colspan="2" |Do armije |- |Kolonist ({{Jezyky|en|colonist}}) |Dětinstvo Šeparda bylo na kolonije Mindoir. Koloniju atakovali sut piraty-rabotrgovci i ubili jegovyh roditeljev. Šeparda vzeli k sobe dozorny patrol Aliansa. Kogda Šepardu stalo 18 let, on pošel v armiju Aliansa. |- |Rodženi na Zemji ({{Jezyky|en|Earthborn}}) |Šepard byl sirota i jegovo dětinstvo prošlo v uličnyh bandah. Kogda Šepardu stalo 18 let, on pošel v armiju. |- |Kosmičnik ({{Jezyky|en|Spacer}}) |Roditelji Šeparda sut vojskovi ljudi. Vse dětinstvo Šepard byl na kosmičnyh korabah. Potom zapisal se v armiju Aliansa. |- ! colspan="2" |V čas služenja v armije |- |Heroj vojny ({{Jezyky|en|War Hero}}) |V čas služenja na člověčskoj koloniji Elizium ({{Jezyky|en|Elysium}}) bojeval protiv piratov, kojih bylo mnogo, odbivši ataku. |- |Izživši ({{Jezyky|en|Sole Survivor}}) |Na planetě Akuza ({{Jezyky|en|Akuze}}) odred Šeparda byl atakovan velikym inoplanetnym životnym i byl cělo izničtoženy. Ostal jedino Šepard. |- |Ljuty ({{Jezyky|en|Ruthless}}) |Na planetě Torfan ({{Jezyky|en|Torfan}}) Šepard izgubil 3/4 svojego odreda, ale izpolnil zadanje, a takože izničil vsih neprijatelskyh piratov-batariancev. |} Mužsky glas Šeparda dal aktor {{-|[[Mark Meer]]}}<ref name=":18">[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1073668/fullcredits/?ref_=tt_cst_sm#amzn1.imdb.concept.name_credit_group.7caf7d16-5db9-4f4f-8864-d4c6e711c686 {{-|Mass Effect (Video Game 2007) - Full cast}}] na [[IMDb]]</ref>. Žensky glas Šeparda dala aktrisa {{-|[[Jennifer Hale]]}}<ref name=":18" />. ==== Ekipa Normandije ==== ===== Džef Džoker Moro ===== Džef Džoker Moro ({{Jezyky|en|Jeff Joker Moreau}}) — je profesionalny pilot Normandije. Imaje veliku problemu s kostami, one sut slabe. Glas jemu dal aktor {{-|[[Seth Benjamin Gesshel Green]]}}<ref>[https://www.mobygames.com/person/266203/seth-b-green/credits/ Seth B. Green - Video Game Credits - MobyGames], "Mass Effect (2007, Xbox 360) Jeff “Joker” Moreau"</ref><ref name=":18" />. ===== Greg Adams ===== Greg Adams ({{Jezyky|en|Greg Adams}}) — je glavny inženjer Normandije. On rabotaje v inženjernoj sekciji koraba. Glas jemu dal aktor {{-|[[Roger Labon Jackson]]}}<ref>[https://www.mobygames.com/person/1179/roger-labon-jackson/credits/ Roger Labon Jackson - Video Game Credits - MobyGames], "Mass Effect (2007, Xbox 360) Additional Voices"</ref><ref name=":18" />. ===== Karin Čakvas ===== Karin Čakvas ({{Jezyky|en|Karin Chakwas}}) — je glavna doktorka Normandije. Glas jej dala aktrisa {{-|[[Carolyn Seymour]]}}<ref>[https://www.mobygames.com/person/17150/carolyn-seymour/credits/ Carolyn Seymour - Video Game Credits - MobyGames], "Mass Effect (2007, Xbox 360) Additional Voices"</ref><ref name=":18" />. ==== Osnovne učestniki odreda ==== ===== Ričard Dženkins ===== Ričard Dženkins ({{Jezyky|en|Richard L. Jenkins}}) — soldat Aliansa. Imaje klas i sposobnosti soldata. Jegovo ime i historija v igrě imaje svez s mem-personažem Lirojem Dženkinsom. Glas jemu dal aktor {{-|[[George Joshua Christian Dean]]}}<ref>[https://www.mobygames.com/person/122414/josh-dean/credits/ Josh  Dean - Video Game Credits - MobyGames], "Mass Effect (2007, Xbox 360) Additional Voices"</ref><ref name=":18" />. ===== Kajdan Alenko ===== Kajdan Alenko ({{Jezyky|en|Kaidan Alenko}}) — lejtenant-poručnik, a takože biotik. Kako igrovy personaž imaje sposobnosti-specializaciju biotika. On je vozmožny romantičsky interes Šeparda-ženy. Glas jemu dal aktor {{-|[[Raphael Sbarge]]}}<ref>[https://www.mobygames.com/person/9258/raphael-sbarge/credits/ Raphael Sbarge - Video Game Credits - MobyGames], "Mass Effect (Xbox 360) Kaidan Alenko"</ref><ref name=":18" />. ===== Ešli Viljams ===== Ešli Viljams ({{Jezyky|en|Ashley Medelin Williams}}) — kosmična pěhotnica Aliansa. Igrač strěčaje ju v prvoj misiji igry. Ona je možnym romantičskym interesom Šeparda-muža. Glas jej dala aktrisa {{-|[[Kimberly Brooks]]}}<ref name=":18" />. ===== Urdnot Reks ===== Urdnot Reks ({{Jezyky|en|Urdnot Wrex}}) — krogan-biotik. Šepard strěčaje jego na Citadeli. Reks imaje praktično obče celji s Šepardom i ide pomogati jemu. Glas jemu dal aktor {{-|[[Steven Barr]]}}<ref name=":18" />. ===== Liara T'Soni ===== Liara T'Soni ({{Jezyky|en|Liara T’Soni}}) — je azarijska naučnica, a takože biotička, koja zajmaje se ksenoarheologijeju. Šepard strěčaje ju v jednoj iz misij igry, po ktoroj ona ide pomogati jemu. Ona je možnym romantičskym interesom za Šepardov obohdvoh polov. Glas jej dala aktrisa {{-|[[Ali Hillis]]}}<ref name=":18" />. ===== Garus Vakarian ===== Garus Vakarian ({{Jezyky|en|Garrus Vakarian}}) — je turianec, ktori rabotaje v službe bezpečnosti Citadele. Posle něktoryh činov od strany administracije služby bezpečnosti Citadele on odhodi odovud i prisjedinjaje se k odredu Šeparda, daby pomogti jemu. Glas jemu dal aktor {{-|[[Brandon James Keener]]}}<ref name=":18" />. ===== Tali Zora ===== Tali Zora ({{Jezyky|en|Tali'Zorah}}) — je kvarianka-tehnička, ktora byla atakovana v čas svojego putovanja něktorymi osobami. Ona imaje něktore silne dokazy o dělah, ktore sut svezany s cěljem raboty Šeparda. Glas jej dala aktrisa {{-|[[Ash Sroka]]}}<ref name=":18" />. ==== Antagonisti ==== ===== Saren Arterius ===== Saren Arterius ({{Jezyky|en|Saren Arterius}}) — je turianec-Spektr, ktory skooperiroval se s getami zaradi někakyh svojih cěljev i jest jedin iz glavnyh antagonistov igry. Glas jemu dal aktor {{-|[[Fred Tatasciore]]}}<ref name=":18" />. == Dodatne epizody ({{-|DLC}}) == Dlja ''{{-|Mass Effect}}'' je bylo izdano 2 {{-|DLC}}: ''{{-|Bring Down the Sky}}'' v marcu 2008 lěta, ''{{-|Pinnacle Station}}'' v avgustu 2009 lěta. V 2012 leto {{-|DLC}} ''{{-|Bring Down the Sky}}'' bylo izdano za {{-|[[PlayStation 3]]}}<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" />, ale ''{{-|Pinnacle Station}}'' izdan ne byl. {| class="wikitable" style="width: 100%;" |- style="text-align: center;" ! rowspan="2" style="width:40%;" |Nazva ! colspan="3" |Data izdanja |- ! style="width:20%;" |{{-|Xbox 360}} ! style="width:20%;" |{{-|Microsoft Windows}} ! style="width:20%;" |{{-|PlayStation 3}} |- | colspan="4" bgcolor="#e6e9ff" | |- align="center" bgcolor="#f2f2f2" | * {{Jezyky|en|Bring Down the Sky}} * {{Jezyky|de|Kollisionskurs}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.eurogamer.de/mass-effect-x57-dlc-kollisionskurs|title=Mass Effect: X57 DLC: Kollisionskurs|date=2008|first=Benjamin|last=Jakobs|lang=de}}</ref><ref name=":14">[https://www.mobygames.com/game/58908/mass-effect/credits/ps3/ MobyGames | Mass Effect Credits Bring Down the Sky: Keywords International Ltd.] </ref> * {{Jezyky|pl|Bring Down the Sky}}<ref name=":14" /> * {{Jezyky|fr|Turbulences à 900 000 Pieds}}<ref name=":14" /><ref>[https://www.gamekult.com/jeux/mass-effect-turbulences-a-900-000-pieds-3010006267.html www.gamekult.com - Mass Effect : Turbulences à 900.000 pieds]</ref> * {{Jezyky|ru|Гибель с небес}}<ref>[https://piper.old-games.ru/project/snowball_ru/www.snowball.ru/me/ Snowball Studios | Mass Effect: Золотое издание] </ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=December 30, 2008 |title="Mass Effect: Гибель с небес". Качаем |url=https://www.cnews.ru/news/line/mass_effect_gibel_s_nebes_kachaem |url-status=live|language=ru}}</ref> * {{Jezyky|it|Impatto imminente}}<ref name=":14" /><ref>[https://www.xbox.com/it-IT/games/store/impatto-imminente-en/BVTTSL5Q7D24 <nowiki>Xbox.com | Impatto imminente [EN]</nowiki>]</ref> |20 marca 2008 lěta |28 maja 2008 lěta<ref name=":10" /> |4 dekembra 2012 lěta<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ixbt.games/news/ps3-versiya-mass-effect-trilogy-v-dekabre.html|title=PS3-версия Mass Effect Trilogy в декабре|date=November 2, 2012|lang=ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2012/12/10/mass-effect-ps3-review|title=Mass Effect PS3 Review|date=December 10, 2012|first=Colin|last=Moriarty|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121212174118/http://www.ign.com/articles/2012/12/10/mass-effect-ps3-review|archive-date=December 12, 2012|lang=en}}</ref> |- | colspan="4" style="border: none; vertical-align: top;" | V {{-|DLC}} jedno zadanje, v ktorom piraty-batarianci ({{Jezyky|en|batarians}}) hčut skydnuti asteroid {{-|X57}} na planetu Tera Nova ({{Jezyky|en|Terra Nova}})<ref name=":11" />. |- | colspan="4" bgcolor="#e6e9ff" | |- align="center" bgcolor="#f2f2f2" |{{Jezyky|en|Pinnacle Station}} |25 avgusta 2009 lěta<ref name=":12" /> |25 avgusta 2009 lěta |nema |- | colspan="4" style="border: none; vertical-align: top;" | To vtoro {{-|DLC}} dodaje trenovačnu kosmičnu stanciju. Jejny komandir je admiral Ahern ({{Jezyky|en|Tadius Ahern}}). Igrač može trenovati se na stancije v simulatoru, ktory imaje 12 scenarijev i bonusny scenarij, ktory simuliruje jedin boj iz Vojny Prvogo Kontakta ({{Jezyky|en|First Contact War}}). Akoli završiti bonusny scenarij, igrač dobyvaje v dar apartamenty na planetě Intajsej ({{Jezyky|en|Intai'sei}}), v ktoryh igrač može kupiti redke predmety za dost malu cenu, ktora je vo mnogo raz niže, neželi v magazinah<ref name=":13" />. |} == Muzika == Muzikalne kompozicije stvorjal [[Jack Wall|Džek Vol]]{{sfn|Manual|2008|p=32}}<ref name=":9">[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1073668/fullcredits/?ref_=tt_cst_sm#amzn1.imdb.concept.name_credit_category.00f5faa0-5f76-4eb5-87a1-ec8d484d1779 {{-|Mass Effect (Video Game 2007) - Full cast & crew}} | {{-|Composers}}] na {{-|[[IMDb]]}}</ref>, ktory do ''{{-|Mass Effect}}'' stvoril saundtrek dlja igry {{-|[[Jade Empire]]}} 2005-go lěta i ktoru takože stvorila {{-|[[BioWare]]}}<ref>[https://www.discogs.com/master/698381-Jack-Wall-Jade-Empire-Original-Video-Game-Soundtrack Jack Wall - Jade Empire (Original Video Game Soundtrack)] na [[Discogs]]</ref><ref>[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0455965/fullcredits/?ref_=tt_cst_sm#amzn1.imdb.concept.name_credit_category.00f5faa0-5f76-4eb5-87a1-ec8d484d1779 {{-|Jade Empire (Video Game 2005) - Full cast & crow}} | {{-|Composer}}] na {{-|[[IMDb]]}}</ref>. 20 novembra 2007-go lěta label {{-|[[Sumthing Else]]}} izdal album ''{{-|Mass Effect Original Game Soundtrack}}''<ref name=":5">{{Cite web| url = https://vgmdb.net/album/5380| title = Mass Effect Original Soundtrack| date = November 13, 2007|lang=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.gamesindustry.biz/sumthing-else-music-works-announces-release-of-the-mass-effect-original-soundtrack-from-the-blockbuster-xbox-360r-video-game| title = Sumthing Else Music Works Announces Release Of The Mass Effect Original Soundtrack From The Blockbuster Xbox 360(R) Video Game| date = November 19, 2007|lang=en}}</ref>, ktory sodržal v sobě 37 kompozicij iz igry (obča dolgota 1 čas i 15 minut), a takože kompoziciju iz albuma {{-|[[M4 (muzikalny album)|M4]]}} kanadskoj {{-|[[indie-rock]]}} grupy {{-|[[Faunts (muzikalna grupa)|Faunts]]}}, ktora zvuči v igrě pri finalnyh titrah<ref name=":5" />. 13 novembra 2012-go lěta label {{-|[[FUNimation]]}} izdal album ''{{-|Mass Effect Paragon Lost Original Motion Picture Soundtrack}}'', s dolgotoju 1 čas i 9 minut, ktory sodržal v sobě 27 kompozicij iz [[anime]]-seriala {{-|[[Mass Effect: Paragon Lost]]}}<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/press-release/2012-11-08/mass-effect/paragon-lost-animated-film-score-composed-by-joshua-r-mosley-and-david-kates| title = Mass Effect: Paragon Lost Animated FIlm Score Composed by Joshua R. Mosley and David Kates| date = November 8, 2012|lang=en}}</ref>. {| class="wikitable" |+Spisok kompozicij iz {{-|Mass Effect}}<ref name=":5" /> !№ !Nazva !Avtori !Dolgost |- | align="center" |1 | align="left" |{{-|Mass Effect Theme}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |02:21:00 |- | align="center" |2 | align="left" |{{-|The Normandy}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:35:00 |- | align="center" |3 | align="left" |{{-|Eden Prime}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:34:00 |- | align="center" |4 | align="left" |{{-|Battle At Eden Prime}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:23:00 |- | align="center" |5 | align="left" |{{-|Saren}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |02:00:00 |- | align="center" |6 | align="left" |{{-|The Citadel}} | align="left" |{{-|Richard Jacques, Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:45:00 |- | align="center" |7 | align="left" |{{-|The Presidium}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:32:00 |- | align="center" |8 | align="left" |{{-|The Wards}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |03:14:00 |- | align="center" |9 | align="left" |{{-|Criminal Elements}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:56:00 |- | align="center" |10 | align="left" |{{-|Spectre Induction}} | align="left" |{{-|Richard Jacques, Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:55:00 |- | align="center" |11 | align="left" |{{-|Liara's World}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |02:35:00 |- | align="center" |12 | align="left" |{{-|A Very Dangerous Place}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |02:40:00 |- | align="center" |13 | align="left" |{{-|Feros}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:34:00 |- | align="center" |14 | align="left" |{{-|Protecting The Colony}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:56:00 |- | align="center" |15 | align="left" |{{-|The Thorian}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |03:12:00 |- | align="center" |16 | align="left" |{{-|Noveria}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |02:14:00 |- | align="center" |17 | align="left" |{{-|The Secret Labs}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |02:39:00 |- | align="center" |18 | align="left" |{{-|The Alien Queen}} | align="left" |{{-|Richard Jacques, Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:44:00 |- | align="center" |19 | align="left" |{{-|Fatal Confrontation}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:09:00 |- | align="center" |20 | align="left" |{{-|Saren's Base}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:37:00 |- | align="center" |21 | align="left" |{{-|Breeding Ground}} | align="left" |{{-|Richard Jacques, Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |03:47:00 |- | align="center" |22 | align="left" |{{-|Virmire Ride}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:41:00 |- | align="center" |23 | align="left" |{{-|Exit}} | align="left" |{{-|Richard Jacques, Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:54:00 |- | align="center" |24 | align="left" |{{-|Love Theme}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:54:00 |- | align="center" |25 | align="left" |{{-|Uncharted Worlds}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:16:00 |- | align="center" |26 | align="left" |{{-|Ilos}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:39:00 |- | align="center" |27 | align="left" |{{-|Vigil}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:44:00 |- | align="center" |28 | align="left" |{{-|Sovereign's Theme}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:19:00 |- | align="center" |29 | align="left" |{{-|Uplink}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:12:00 |- | align="center" |30 | align="left" |{{-|Battling Saren}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall}} | align="center" |01:38:00 |- | align="center" |31 | align="left" |{{-|In Pursuit Of Saren}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:37:00 |- | align="center" |32 | align="left" |{{-|Infusion}} | align="left" |{{-|Richard Jacques, Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:30:00 |- | align="center" |33 | align="left" |{{-|Final Assault}} | align="left" |{{-|Richard Jacques, Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |02:02:00 |- | align="center" |34 | align="left" |{{-|Victory}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |00:51:00 |- | align="center" |35 | align="left" |{{-|From The Wreckage}} | align="left" |{{-|Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:54:00 |- | align="center" |36 | align="left" |{{-|The End (Reprise)}} | align="left" |{{-|Jack Wall, Sam Hulick}} | align="center" |01:10:00 |- | align="center" |37 | align="left" |{{-|M4 Part II (Faunts)}} | align="left" |{{-|Faunts}} | align="center" |08:18:00 |} == Anons i izdanje == {{Sistemne trěbovanja|useminandrec=1|platform1=Osobne kompjutery|os1={{-|[[Windows XP]]}} i {{-|[[Windows Vista]]}}|os1rec={{-|[[Windows XP]]}} i vyše|cpu1=2,4 {{-|GHz|ГГц}} {{-|[[Intel]]}} ili 2,0 {{-|GHz|ГГц}} {{-|[[AMD]]}}|cpu1rec=2,6 {{-|GHz|ГГц}} {{-|Intel}} ili 2,4 {{-|GHz|ГГц}} {{-|AMD}} i vyše|gpu1=|gpu1rec=|memory1=1 [[Gigabajt|Gb]] {{-|[[RAM]]}} ({{-|XP}})/2 Gb {{-|RAM}} ({{-|Vista}})|memory1rec=2 Gb {{-|RAM}} i vyše|hdspace1=12 Gb|hdspace1rec=12 Gb i vyše|media1=|media1rec=|display1={{-|[[Nvidia GeForce|Nvidia GeForce 6]]}} ({{-|6800GT}} ili lepje) ili / {{-|[[ATI Radeon]]}} {{-|1300XT}} s poddržkoj šajder-modely 3.0|display1rec={{-|[[GeForce]]}} 7900 {{-|GTX}} / {{-|[[ATI Radeon]]}} {{-|X1800 XL}} i vyše|network1=|network1rec=|sound1=Sumestima-kompatibilna s {{-|DirectX 9.0}} sumestima [[zvukova karta]]|sound1rec=Sumestima-kopmatibilna {{-|DirectX 9.0}} s i vyše sumestima [[zvukova karta]]|input1=|input1rec=}} Igra oficialno byla anonsovana je na {{-|[[Xbox show]]}} v [[Amsterdam|Amsterdamu]] 4 oktobra 2005-go lěta.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.ign.com/articles/2005/10/04/x05-mass-effect-eyes-on| title = X05: Mass Effect: Eyes-On| date = October 4, 2005| first = Charles| last = Onyett|lang=en}}</ref> V maju 2006-go lěta demonstracijna versija igry byla prědstavjena na {{-|[[Electronic Entertainment Expo]]}} i dobyla {{-|[[Game Critics Awards]]}} kak najlěpša roljeva igra.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.gamespot.com/articles/e3-06-mass-effect-impressions/1100-6150171/| title = E3 06: Mass Effect Impressions| date = May 11, 2006| first = Greg| last = Mueller|lang=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.ign.com/articles/2006/05/10/e3-2006-mass-effect-impressions| title = E3 2006: Mass Effect Impressions| date = May 10, 2006| first = Charles| last = Onyett|lang=en}}</ref> Novy gejmplej byl pokazan je v septembru 2006-go lěta na {{-|[[Xbox show]]}} v {{-|[[Barselona|Barseloně]]}}.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.gamesindustry.biz/microsoft-announces-x06| title = Microsoft Announces X06| date = June 22, 2006|lang=en}}</ref> V marcu 2007-go lěta gejmplej byl pokazan je cěly čas v [[San-Francisko]] na {{-|[[Game Developeres Conference]]}}.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.ign.com/articles/2007/03/07/gdc-2007-mass-effect-the-first-hour| title = GDC 2007: Mass Effect - The First Hour| date = March 7, 2007| first = Hilary| last = Goldstein| first2 = Erik| last2 = Brudvig|lang=en}}</ref> Povtorno igra byla pokazana na {{-|Electronic Entertainment Expo}} v juliju 2007-go lěta.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CItElYfc47g| title = Live from the Santa Monica Pier! Mass Effect Stage Demo| date = July 19, 2007|lang=en}}</ref> V avgustu 2007-go lěta byla pokazana na {{-|[[Games Convention]]}} v [[Leipzig|{{-|Leipzigu|Леjпцигу}}]].<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.gamesindustry.biz/critically-acclaimed-rpg-mass-effect-begins-epic-journey-on-23rd-november-2007| title = Critically-Acclaimed RPG "Mass Effect" Begins Epic Journey on 23rd November 2007| date = August 31, 2007|lang=en}}</ref> V izdanje igra šla 20 novembra 2007-go lěta.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://news.microsoft.com/source/2007/11/20/gamer-excitement-reaches-galactic-proportions-as-mass-effect-touches-down-today-on-retail-shelves-in-north-america/| title = Gamer Excitement Reaches Galactic Proportions as “Mass Effect” Touches Down Today on Retail Shelves in North America| date = November 20, 2007|lang=en}}</ref> == Recenzije == {| class="wikitable" | rowspan="2" align="center" |'''Izdanje''' | colspan="3" align="center" |'''Ocěnka''' |- | align="center" |'''{{-|[[Osobny kompjuter|PC]]}}''' | align="center" |'''{{-|[[PlayStation 3|PS3]]}}''' | align="center" |'''{{-|[[Xbox 360]]}}''' |- | align="left" |{{-|[[GameRankings]]}} | align="left" |89,70 %<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gamerankings.com/pc/944902-mass-effect/index.html|title=Mass Effect for PC|publisher={{-|[[GameRankings]]}}|access-date=2019-12-09|language=en|archive-date=2019-12-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191209015645/https://www.gamerankings.com/pc/944902-mass-effect/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> | align="left" |82,00 %<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gamerankings.com/ps3/689056-mass-effect/index.html|title=Mass Effect PlayStation 3|date=2016-10-05|publisher={{-|[[GameRankings]]}}|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121213034250/http://www.gamerankings.com/ps3/689056-mass-effect/index.html|archive-date=2012-12-13|lang=en}}</ref> | align="left" |91,24 %<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gamerankings.com/xbox360/930279-mass-effect/index.html|title=Mass Effect for Xbox 360|publisher={{-|[[GameRankings]]}}|access-date=2019-12-09|language=en|archive-date=2019-12-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191209013328/https://www.gamerankings.com/xbox360/930279-mass-effect/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[Metacritic]]}} | align="left" |89/100<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.metacritic.com/game/pc/mass-effect|title=Mass Effect (PC)|date=2012-04-24|publisher={{-|[[Metacritic]]}}|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100821111555/http://www.metacritic.com/game/pc/mass-effect|archive-date=2010-08-21|lang=en}}</ref> | align="left" |85/100<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.metacritic.com/game/playstation-3/mass-effect|title=Mass Effect (PlayStation 3)|date=2016-10-05|publisher={{-|[[Metacritic]]}}|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121118033542/http://www.metacritic.com/game/playstation-3/mass-effect|archive-date=2012-11-18|lang=en}}</ref> | align="left" |91/100<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.metacritic.com/game/xbox-360/mass-effect|title=Mass Effect (Xbox 360)|date=2012-04-24|publisher={{-|[[Metacritic]]}}|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100817013510/http://www.metacritic.com/game/xbox-360/mass-effect|archive-date=2010-08-17|lang=en}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[1UP.com]]}} | align="left" |A-<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.1up.com/reviews/mass-effect-review|title=Mass Effect PC Review |author=Thierry Nguyen |date=2008-06-17 |lang=en |work={{-|[[1UP.com]]}}|access-date=2012-04-25 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/68iFKqDnr?url=http://www.1up.com/reviews/mass-effect-review|archive-date=2012-06-26 }}</ref> | align="left" | - | align="left" |A<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.1up.com/reviews/mass-effect |title=Mass Effect (XBOX 360) |author=Jennifer Tsao|date=2007-11-19 |work={{-|[[1UP.com]}} |lang=en |access-date=2012-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120605212422/http://www.1up.com/reviews/mass-effect|archive-date=2012-06-05}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[Computer and Video Games|CVG]]}} | align="left" |9,2/10<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.computerandvideogames.com/190267/reviews/mass-effect-review/ |title=Mass Effect PC Review |lang=en |work={{-|[[Computer and Video Games]]}}|author=Ed Zitron|date=2008-06-04 |access-date=2012-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120312103314/http://www.computerandvideogames.com/190267/reviews/mass-effect-review/|archive-date=2012-03-12}}</ref> | align="left" | - | align="left" |9,0/10<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.computerandvideogames.com/175911/reviews/mass-effect-review/ |title=Mass Effect Xbox Review |lang=en |work={{-|[[Computer and Video Games]]}}|author=Alex Dale|date=2007-11-19 |access-date=2012-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110126035543/http://www.computerandvideogames.com/175911/reviews/mass-effect-review/|archive-date=2011-01-12}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[Edge (žurnal)|Edge]]}} | align="left" |7/10<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.edge-online.com/reviews/mass-effect-review|title=Mass Effect review |lang=en |work={{-|[[Future Publishing]]}}|date=2007-12-02|access-date=2012-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120301013356/http://www.edge-online.com/reviews/mass-effect-review|archive-date=2012-03-01}}</ref> | align="left" | - | align="left" | - |- | align="left" |{{-|[[Eurogamer]]}} | align="left" |8/10<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/mass-effect-review |title=Mass Effect Review |lang=en |work={{-|[[Eurogamer]]}}|author=Kristan Reed|date=2007-11-19|access-date=2012-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111204445/http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/mass-effect-review|archive-date=2009-01-11}}</ref> | align="left" | - | align="left" |8/10<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/mass-effect-review |title=Mass Effect Review |lang=en|work={{-|[[Eurogamer]]}}|author=Kristan Reed|access-date=2012-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111204445/http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/mass-effect-review|archive-date=2009-01-11}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[Game Informer]]}} | align="left" | - | align="left" | - | align="left" |9,75/10<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Andrew Reiner|title=Mass EFfect|work={{-|[[Game Informer]]}}|issue=175|page=151|date=November 2007}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[GamePro]]}} | align="left" | - | align="left" | - | align="left" |4,75/5<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gamepro.com/article/reviews/148788/mass-effect-the-best-rpg-of-2007/ |title=GamePro review |lang=en |work={{-|[[Gamepro]]}} |author=Cameron Lewis|date=2007-11-19|access-date=2009-05-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080921213613/http://www.gamepro.com/article/reviews/148788/mass-effect-the-best-rpg-of-2007/|archive-date=2008-09-21}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[GameSpot]]}} | align="left" |9,0/10<ref>{{cite web|author=Chris Watters|url=http://www.gamespot.com/mass-effect/reviews/mass-effect-review-6191875/|title=Mass Effect Review for PC|lang=en|work={{-|[[GameSpot]]}}|date=2008-05-28|access-date=2012-04-25|archive-date=2012-05-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120501162723/http://www.gamespot.com/mass-effect/reviews/mass-effect-review-6191875/|url-status=live}}</ref> | align="left" | - | align="left" |8,5/10<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gamespot.com/mass-effect/reviews/mass-effect-review-6183119/|title=GameSpot review|lang=en|author=Kevin VanOrd|work={{-|[[GameSpot]]}}|access-date=2012-04-25|archive-date=2012-05-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120501004812/http://www.gamespot.com/mass-effect/reviews/mass-effect-review-6183119/|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[GameSpy]]}} | align="left" |5 zvězd<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pc.gamespy.com/pc/bioware-rpg/877353p1.html|title=GameSpy: Mass Effect|lang=en|work={{-|[[GameSpy]]}}|last=Villoria|first=Gerald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080531073014/http://pc.gamespy.com/pc/bioware-rpg/877353p1.html|archive-date=2008-05-31}}</ref> | align="left" | - | align="left" |5 zvězd<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://xbox360.gamespy.com/xbox-360/mass-effect/836239p1.html|title=Gamespy review |lang=en |work={{-|[[GameSpy]]}}|last=Villoria|first=Gerald |access-date=2009-05-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071120143528/http://xbox360.gamespy.com/xbox-360/mass-effect/836239p1.html|archive-date=2007-11-20}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[GamesRadar (žurnal)|GamesRadar+]]}} | align="left" |9/10 | align="left" | - | align="left" |9/10<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gamesradar.com/mass-effect-12/ |title=Mass Effect review |lang=en |work={{-|[[GamesRadar (žurnal|GamesRadar]]}} |author=Eric Bratcher|access-date=2012-05-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121013070541/http://www.gamesradar.com/mass-effect-review/|archive-date=2012-10-13}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[GameTrailers]]}} | align="left" | - | align="left" | - | align="left" |9,6/10<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.gametrailers.com/gamereview.php?id=2211|title=Mass Effect |website={{-|[[GameTrailers]]}}|access-date=February 22, 2009|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090222082413/http://www.gametrailers.com/gamereview.php?id=2211 |archive-date=February 22, 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[IGN]]}} | align="left" |9,4/10<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2008/05/27/mass-effect-review |title=Mass Effect Review |website={{-|[[IGN]]}}|access-date=October 1, 2016 |author=Jason Ocampo |date=May 27, 2008 |lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140530035846/http://www.ign.com/articles/2008/05/27/mass-effect-review |archive-date=May 30, 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> | align="left" |9,0/10<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2012/12/10/mass-effect-ps3-review |title=Mass Effect PS3 Review |website={{-|[[IGN]]}}|access-date=October 2, 2016 |author=Colin Moriarty |date=December 10, 2012 |lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160129185655/http://www.ign.com/articles/2012/12/10/mass-effect-ps3-review |archive-date=January 29, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> | align="left" |9,4/10<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2007/11/19/mass-effect-review-2 |title=Mass Effect Review |website={{-|[[IGN]]}}|access-date=October 1, 2016 |author=Erik Brudvig |date=November 19, 2007 |lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160924220330/http://www.ign.com/articles/2007/11/19/mass-effect-review-2 |archive-date=September 24, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[Official Xbox Magazine]]}} | align="left" | - | align="left" | - | align="left" |10/10<ref>{{Cite magazine |url=http://www.oxmonline.com/mass-effect-review |title=Mass Effect review |magazine={{-|[[Official Xbox Magazine]]}}|author=Paul Curthoys |date=November 19, 2007 |access-date=October 6, 2011 |lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111006140039/http://www.oxmonline.com/mass-effect-review |archive-date=October 6, 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | align="left" |{{-|[[3DNews]]}} | align="left" |9,5/10<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.3dnews.ru/games/mass_effect/|title=Mass Effect — покорители вселенной|author=Сапрыкин, Геннадий|date=2008-06-07|access-date=2012-04-24|lang=ru|work={{-|[[3DNews]]}}|archive-date=2012-03-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120307111127/http://www.3dnews.ru/games/mass_effect|url-status=live}}</ref> | align="left" | - | align="left" | - |- | align="left" |{{-|[[Absolute Games]]}} | align="left" |79 %<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ag.ru/games/mass-effect/review |title=Рецензия на Mass Effect |author=Nomad |date=2008-06-15 |access-date=2019-12-12 |lang=ru |work={{-|[[Absolute Games]]}}|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130101061931/https://ag.ru/games/mass-effect/review|archive-date=2013-01-01}}</ref> | align="left" | - | align="left" | - |- | align="left" |{{-|[[PlayGround.ru]]}} | align="left" |8,6/10<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.playground.ru/articles/21303/ |title=Mass Effect. Сны о чем-то большем |author=demigot |date=2008-06-26 |access-date=2012-04-24 |lang=ru |work={{-|[[PlayGround.ru|Playground]]}}|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200812202004/https://www.playground.ru/mass_effect/opinion/mass_effect_sny_o_chem_to_bolshem-421303|archive-date=2020-08-12}}</ref> | align="left" | - | align="left" | - |- | align="left" |{{-|[[Игромания (žurnal)|Игромания]]}} | align="left" |9,5/10<ref>{{Cite web |author=Курган, Георгий |title=Полные рецензии > Mass Effect |url=http://www.igromania.ru/articles/56443/Mass_Effect.htm |work={{-|[[Игромания (žurnal)|Игромания]]}} |year=2008|publisher={{-|Игромедиа}}|lang=ru |archive-date=2012-04-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120411071729/http://www.igromania.ru/articles/56443/Mass_Effect.htm }}</ref> | align="left" | - | align="left" | - |} == Prodolženje-sikvel == Tvorjenje vtoroj igry počelo se v početku 2008-go lěta. {{-|[[Mass Effect 2]]}} byla izdana je 26 januara 2010-go lěta<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.vg247.com/mass-effect-comfirmed-for-january-2010-release-with-preorder-bonus| title = Mass Effect 2 confirmed for January 2010 release with preorder bonus| date = October 16, 2009| first = Stephany| last = Nunneley-Jackson|lang=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.cnews.ru/news/line/mass_effect_2_data_vyhoda| title = Mass Effect 2. Дата выхода| date = October 17, 2009|lang=ru}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web| url = https://gamemag.ru/news/48799/mass-effect-2-stal-pervym-igrovym-blokbasterom-2010-goda| title = Mass Effect 2 стал первым игровым блокбастером 2010 года| date = February 3, 2010| first = Сергей| last = Дьяконенко|lang=ru}}</ref>. Na {{-|PlayStation 3}} igra byla izdana 18 januara 2011-go lěta<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2010/12/09/mass-effect-2-ps3-release-date|title=Mass Effect 2 PS3 Release Date|date=December 9, 2010|first=Jim|last=Reilly|lang=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blog.bioware.com/2010/12/15/mass-effect-2-on-playstation-3-podcast-and-gold-announcement/|title=Mass Effect 2 on Playstation 3 Podcast and Gold Announcement|date=December 15, 2010|first=Evil Chris|last=Priestly|lang=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.ea.com/press-releases/press-releases-details/2011/BioWares-Award-Winning-Mass-Effect-2-Makes-PlayStation-3-Debut-Today/default.aspx|date=January 18, 2011|title=BioWare’s Award-Winning Mass Effect 2 Makes PlayStation 3 Debut Today|lang=en}}</ref>. V {{-|Mass Effect 2}} možno importovati shranjenu igru iz {{-|Mass Effect}} — dejanja iz prvoj igry imajut vliv vo vtoroj<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2009/12/28/mass-effect-2-importing-requires-hard-drive|title=Mass Effect 2 Importing Requires Hard Drive|date=December 28, 2009|first=Jim|last=Reilly|lang=en}}</ref>. == Iztočniky == {{Iztočniky}} == Vnešne linky == * {{-|{{MobyGames|31277/mass-effect/}}}} {{Pravopis prověrjeny}} [[Kategorija:Mass Effect]] [[Kategorija:Kompjuterne igry, ktore stvorila BioWare]] [[Kategorija:Kompjuterne igry, ktore izdala Electronic Arts]] [[Kategorija:Igry za Windows]] [[Kategorija:Igry za Xbox 360]] [[Kategorija:Igry na igromotoru Unreal Engine 3]] [[Kategorija:Igry za PlayStation 3]] [[Kategorija:Videoigry]] jmp4d4ahigz69tvgzma7d3r2hpy0mr4 0 5995 45580 45520 2026-08-12T17:10:09Z Ilja isv 10 /* Wilkinsova shema */ 45580 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kartka kniga |image = Wilkins An Essay towards a real.jpg |image_size = |border = |alt = |caption = Titulna strana prvoga izdanja |author = [[John Wilkins|Džon Vilkins]] |illustrator = |language = [[Anglijsky jezik|anglijsky]] |subject = |genre = |publisher = Pečatano [[Samuel Gellibrand|Samuelom Gelibrandom]], i [[John Martyn (izdatelj)|Džonom Martynom]], pečatnikami [[Kraljevskogo družstva]] |pub_date = 1668 |pub_place = [[London]], [[Anglija]] |media_type = [[Tvrdy pokrov]] |pages = 454 |isbn = |isbn_note = |oclc = 4088592 |dewey = |congress = |preceded_by = <!-- for books in a series --> |followed_by = <!-- for books in a series --> }} '''''Esej o stvarnom znaku i filozofskom jezyku''''' (London, 1668)<ref>{{cite book| last=Wilkins|title=An Essay Towards a Real Character, and a Philosophical Language|url=https://archive.org/details/AnEssayTowardsARealCharacterAndAPhilosophicalLanguage/page/n8/mode/1up|place=London|publisher=Pečatano [[Samuel Gellibrand|Samuelom Gelibrandom]], i [[John Martyn (izdatelj)|Džonom Martynom]], pečatnikami [[Kraljevskogo družstva]]|year=1668|oclc=4088592}}</ref> jest najbolje zapamětano iz mnogyh děl anglijskogo [[Filozofija prirody|filozofa prirody]] [[John Wilkins|Džona Wilkinsa]], v ktorom on izlagaje novy [[universalny jezyk]], zamysljeny glavno dlja oblegčenja medžunarodnoj komunikacije medžu [[Nauka|naučnikami]], ale takože zamysljeny za upotrěbu [[Diplomatija|diplomatami]], putnikami i kupcami. Na razliku od mnogyh shem universalnogo jezyka togo perioda, on byl zamysljen jedino kako [[Medžunarodny pomočny jezyk|pomočny]] jestvujučim prirodnym jezykam (ne kako zaměna jih).<ref>{{-|"So that if men should generally consent upon the same way or manner of Expression, as they do agree in the same Notion, we should then be freed from that Curse in the Confusion of Tongues, with all that unhappy consequences of it.<p>"Now this can only be done, either by 'enjoyning'' some one Language and Character to be universally learnt and practised, (which is not to be expected, till some person attain to the ''Universal Monarchy'', and perhaps it would not be done then) or else by ''proposing some such way as, by its facility and usefulness, (without the imposition of Authority) might ''invite'' and ingage men to the learning of it; which is the thing here attempted." (''Essay'', s.20)}}</ref> ==Pozadje== Jednym iz cěljev ''Eseja'' bylo stvoriti zaměnu za [[latinsky jezyk]], ktory byl medžunarodnym jezykom naučnikov v [[Zapadna Evropa|Zapadnoj Evropě]] po dobu vyše než 1000 lět.<ref>{{cite book|first=Ute|last=Dons|title=Descriptive adequacy of early modern English grammars|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K7ffwL7Gs14C&pg=PA21|access-date=2012-03-28|year=2004|publisher=Walter de Gruyter|isbn=978-3-11-018193-7|page=21}}</ref> [[Jan Amos Komensky]] ({{-|Comenius}}) i drugi zainteresovani za meždunarodne jezyky imali kritiku na proizvoljne črty latiny, ktore dělali ju težšeju za učenje, i Wilkins takože dělal podobne tvrdženja.<ref>{{cite book|first=Françoise|last=Waquet|translator-first=John| translator-last= Howe|title=Latin, or the Empire of a Sign|date=2001|publisher=Verso|isbn=1859846157|pages=258}}</ref> Shema za ''{{-|[[lingua franca]]}}'' na bazě numeričnyh značenij byla izdana {{-|[[John Pell (matematik)|Johnom Pellom]]|[[John Pell (matematik)|Джоном Пелом]]}} (1630); a v svojem dělu "''Merkurij, ili Tajny Poslannik"'' (1640) Wilkins byl upoměnul možnost razvitja [[Trgovy jezyk|trgovogo jezyka]].<ref>{{cite book|first=Daniel|last=Murphy|title=Comenius: a critical reassessment of his life and work|date=1995|publisher=Irish Academic Press|page=209–10|isbn=0716525372}}</ref> [[Seth Ward (biskup)|Se{{-|th|т}} Ward]] byl s Wilkinsom soavtorom knigy "''{{-|Vindiciae academiarum}}''" (1654) v času obrany Sodružstvennoj univerzitetnoj sistemy {{-|[[Oxbridge]]}} protiv vněšnjim reformatoram. V njej Ward izlagal srodnu jezykovu shemu, hoti različnu od ''Eseja'' Wilkinsa v něktoryh značnyh aspektah.<ref name="Wilkins1984">{{cite book|first=John|last=Wilkins|title=Mercury, or, The secret and swift messenger: shewing how a man may with privacy and speed communicate his thoughts to a friend at any distance; together with an abstract of Dr. Wilkins's Essays towards a real character and a philosophical language|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Lc38yWFv3p8C&pg=PR29|access-date=2012-03-28|year=1984|publisher=John Benjamins Publishing Company|isbn=978-90-272-3276-2|page=29}}</ref> Wardove ideje proizhodili iz mnogyh izvorov, takyh kako [[Cyprian Kinner]], ktory byl poslědovateljem Komenskogo, [[Ramon Lull]], i {{-|[[Georg Ritschel]]|[[Georg Ritschel|Георг Ритчел]]}}. Oni potom vlivali na [[George Dalgarno|{{-|Ge|Дж}}or{{-|gea|джа}} Dalgarna]] takože kako i na Wilkinsa.<ref>{{-|Henry, John. "Ward, Seth". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/28706. (Subscription, Wikipedia Library access or UK public library membership required.)}}</ref> K ''Eseju'' byl směsta neposredny interes; govori se, že Wilkins razgledal svoje dělo jedino kako [[podtvrdženje koncepcije]].<ref>{{cite book|first=Henry G.|last=Van Leeuwen|title=The problem of certainty in English thought, 1630–1690|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RXQjQyIqVjcC&pg=PA56|access-date=2012-03-28|year=1970|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-90-247-0179-7|page=56}}</ref> Ale v srědnjem terminu entuziazm za taky tip umětnyh jezykov šel vo spad. Problem [[Universalny jezyk|universalnogo jezyka]] ostal temoju debaty.<ref name="Wilkins1984"/> ==Sostavjenje i vlivanja== Stimul za napisanje Wilkinsonom ''Eseja'' jest prišel od Sověta Kraljevskogo družstva v lětu 1662. Dělo bylo odloženo [[Veliky londonsky požar|Velikym Londonskym požarom]] v lětu 1666, ktory izničil něktore česti rukopisa.<ref>{{cite book|first=Joseph L.|last=Subbiondo|title=John Wilkins and 17th-century British linguistics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5pP2LoB9eJkC&pg=PA144|access-date=2012-03-28|year=1992|publisher=John Benjamins Publishing Company|isbn=978-90-272-4554-0|page=144 opaska 34}}</ref> Kniga byla napisana Wilkinsonom s pomočju [[John Ray|{{-|Johna Raya|Джона Реjа}}]], [[Francis Willughby|{{-|Francisa Willughby|Франсиса Вилугби}}]], i drugih. Jednim iz zdrojev inspiracije bylo "''{{-|Ars Signorum}}''" {{-|Ge|Дж}}or{{-|gea|джа}} Dalgarna.<ref>{{-|"Wilkins, John" . Dictionary of National Biography. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.}}</ref> Kako Wilkins priznaval, takože značny vliv na njej učinil trud "''Zakladanje osnovanja ... za sostavjenje novogo sovršennogo jezyka"'' (1652) [[Francis Lodwick|Fran{{-|ci|си}}sa Lodwi{{-|ck|к}}a]].<ref>{{-|Salmon, Vivian. "Lodwick, Francis". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/37684. (Subscription, Wikipedia Library access or UK public library membership required.)}}</ref> ==Struktura== Dělo jest v pěti čestah, iz ktoryh četvrta jest posvěčena "stvarnomu znaku" i "[[Filozofsky jezyk|filozofskomu jezyku]]". Tretja traktuje o "filozofskoj gramatikě" ([[Universalna gramatika|univerzalnoj gramatikě]]). Poslědnja čest jest "alfabetičny slovnik".<ref>{{cite book|first=John P.|last=Considine|title=Dictionaries in Early Modern Europe: Lexicography and the Making of Heritage|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cqBkQFiTbX4C&pg=PA298|access-date=2012-03-28|date=2008-03-27|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-88674-1|pages=298}}</ref> On byl složeny [[William Lloyd (biskup worcesterski)|Wi{{-|lli|љ}}amom {{-|Lloy|Лоj}}dom]].<ref> {{-|"Lloyd, William (1627–1717)" . Dictionary of National Biography. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.}}</ref> ==Wilkinsova shema== [[File:John Wilkins Lord's Prayer.jpg|thumb|Priměr "stvarnogo znaka" iz ''Eseja''. [[Joseph Moxon|{{-|Joseph Moxon|Джозеф Моксон}}]] jest stvoril simboly za pečatanje knigy.<ref>{{-|Bryden, D. J. "Moxon, Joseph". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/19466. (Subscription, Wikipedia Library access or UK public library membership required.)}}</ref>]] Wilkinsov "Stvarny znak" jest konstruovana sistema simbolov, ktora odgovaraje [[klasifikacija|klasifikacijnoj shemě]], izrabjenoj Wilkinsom i jego kolegami. Ona byla zamysljena kako [[pazigrafija]], inymi slovami, da by dostaviti elementarne postaviteljne bloky, iz ktoryh by mogli byti konstruovane vsake možne věči i pojetja vo Vsesvětu. Stvarny znak ne jest [[ortografija]]: on ne jest pismennym prědstavjenjem [[Izgovor|izgovornogo jezyka]]. Vměsto tomu, vsaky simbol predstavjaje koncept direktno, bez (prinajmenje v rannyh čestah ''Eseja'') togo, da by byla libokaka možnost jego vokalizacije.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Poole|first=William|date=2018-01-24|title=Seventeenth-Century ‘double writing’ schemes, and a 1676 letter in the phonetic script and real character of John Wilkins|url=https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsnr.2017.0041|journal=Notes and Records: the Royal Society Journal of the History of Science|volume=72|issue=1|pages=7–23|doi=10.1098/rsnr.2017.0041|pmc=5906426|pmid=31390391}}</ref> Inspiracija za tuty pristup prišla čestično iz evropejskyh prědstavjenij toj doby o [[kitajsko pismo|kitajskoj sistemě pisma]], ktore byly o něčto mylne. Dalje v ''Eseju'' Wilkins uvodi svoj "Filozofsky jezyk", ktory prisvajaje Stvarnym znakam fonetične značenja. Za udobnost, v naslědujučej diskusiji izčezajut razliky medžu Wilkinsovym Znakom i jego Jezykom. Pojetja se dělet na četyredeset glavnyh ''Rodov'' ({{-|Genus}}), vsaky iz ktoryh davaje prvy dvubukveny slog slova; Rod se děli na ''Različnosti'' ({{-|Differences}}), vsaka iz ktoryh dodaje drugu bukvu; a Različnosti se dělet na ''Vidy'' ({{-|Species}}), ktore dodavajut četvrtu bukvu. Napriměr, ''{{-|Zi}}'' identifikuje Rod "zvěrj" (savci); ''{{-|Zit}}'' davaje Različnost " zvěrj predator psovogo roda"; ''{{-|Zitα}}'' davaje Vid psov. (Někogda prva bukva označaje nadkategoriju — napr. Z vsegda označaje životno — ale to ne shranjaje se vsegda.) Rezultujuči Znak, i jego vokalizacija, za dano pojetje tako zahvatyvaje, do něktoroj měry, [[semantika|semantiku]] tutogo pojetja. ''Esej'' takože prědkladal ideje o vagah i měrah, podobnyh tym, ktore byly pozdněje najdene v [[Metrična sistema|metričnoj sistemě]]. Botaničnu čest eseja prinesl [[John Ray|{{-|John Ray|Джон Реj}}]]; kritika R{{-|ayo|ејо}}vogo děla [[Robert Morison|Robertom Morisonom]] začala prodolženy spor medžu tutymi dvoma mužami.<ref name="Vines 1913">{{cite book|first=Sydney Howard|last=Vines|author-link=Sydney Howard Vines|year=1913|chapter=Robert Morison 1620–1683 and John Ray 1627–1705|editor-first=Francis Wall|editor-last=Oliver|editor-link=Francis Wall Oliver|title=Makers of British Botany|url=https://archive.org/details/makersofbritishb00olivuoft|publisher=Cambridge University Press|page=[https://archive.org/details/makersofbritishb00olivuoft/page/21 21]}}</ref> ==Svezane usilja, diskusije i korespondencija== ''Esej'' jest sdobyl něktoru akademičnu i literaturnu pozornost,<ref>{{cite book |last=Fleming |first=James Dougal |title=The mirror of information in Early Modern England: John Wilkins and the universal character |date=2017 |publisher=Palgrave Mcmillan |isbn=978-3-319-40300-7 |place=Switzerland}}</ref> obyčajno go izobražajuču kako genialny, ale beznadežny. On jest byl opisan kako "utopičny" tekst.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Newson |first=Georgie |date=2023-07-14 |title=An Archival Paradise: John Wilkins’s Essay Towards a Real Character and a Philosophical Language and Early Modern Info-Utopianism |url=https://scholarlypublishingcollective.org/utopian-studies/article/34/2/234/384258/An-Archival-Paradise-John-Wilkins-s-Essay-Towards |journal=Utopian Studies |lang=en |volume=34 |issue=2 |pages=234–256 |doi=10.5325/utopianstudies.34.2.0234 |issn=1045-991X}}</ref> Jedna kritika (medžu mnogimi) byla, že "slova izražajuče blizko srodne ideje imajut bezmalogo jednaku formu, različnu možno jedino v poslednoj bukvě... [B]ylo by izvonredno trudno zapametati vsi tute male različnosti, i zamešateljstvo by nastalo pri brzom čitanju i osoblivo v razgovoru."<ref>{{cite book|last=Guérard|first=Albert Léon|author-link=Albert Léon Guérard|title=A Short History of the International Language Movement|url=https://archive.org/details/shorthistoryofin00guuoft|year=1921|pages=[https://archive.org/details/shorthistoryofin00guuoft/page/90 90]–92}}<!--V istině to jest jedino jedna od tyh 3 stranic, ale ne mogu reći ktorá točno od kuda ja sedim právě teper--></ref> ([[Umberto Eco|Umberto E{{-|co|ко}}]] znaměnuje,<ref>{{cite book|last=Eco|first=Umberto|year=1995|title=The Search for the Perfect Language|trans-title=Ricerca della lingua perfetta nella cultura europea|publisher=Blackwell|location=Oxford|isbn=0-631-17465-6|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/searchforperfect00ecou }}</ref> že Wilkins sam činil taku mylku v ''Eseju'', upotrebiv ''{{-|Gαde}}'' (ječmen) kde, očevidno, ''{{-|Gαpe}}'' (tulipan) bylo zamysljeno.) Jednako, drugi tvrdet, že prirodne jezyky uže i tako imajut take drobne različnosti, i že prědpoklad, da by te različnosti byli nerazličime, by značil tvrdženje, že prirodne jezyky neuspěvajut v tom. [[George Edmonds (pravnik)|{{-|George|Джордж}} Edmonds]] staraje se izlěpšiti Wilkinsov filozofsky jezyk reorganizacijeju ego gramatiky i ortografije, pri čem sohranjajuči jego taksonomiju.<ref>{{cite book|last=Edmonds|first=George|year=1856|title=A Universal Alphabet, Grammar, and Language, Comprising a Scientific Classification of the Radical Elements of Discourse: and Illustrative Translations from the Holy Scriptures and the Principal British Classics: to which is Added, A Dictionary of the Language|url=https://archive.org/details/universalalphabe00edmo|access-date=2016-11-10}}</ref> K novějšym ''{{-|a priori}}'' jezykam (medžu mnogymi drugymi) odnoset, napriměr, {{-|[[Solresol]]}} i {{-|[[Ro (jezyk)|Ro]]}}. [[Jorge Luis Borges|{{-|Jorge|Хорхе}} Luis Borges]] diskutuje Wilkinsov filozofsky jezyk v svojem eseju [[Analytičny jezyk Johna Wilkinsa (Borges)|''{{-|El idioma analítico de John Wilkins}}'' (''Analytičny jezyk Johna Wilkinsa'')]], srovnavajući Wilkinsovu klasifikaciju s fiktivnoju kitajskoju enciklopedijeju ''[[Podnebesny Hram Blagotvornogo Znanja]]'' i izražaje sumnjenja vo vsakom pokušenju universalnoj klasifikacije. V romanu [[Neal Stephenson|Neala Ste{{-|ph|ф}}ensona]] ''{{-|[[Quicksilver (Stephensonov roman)|Quicksilver]]}}'', personaž [[Daniel Waterhouse|Daniel {{-|Waterhouse|Вотерхаус}}]] trati značny čas na poddrživanje razvoja Wilkinsovoj klasifikacijnoj sistemy.<!--što znači "podpirajući"— "pomažući", "branjući"?--> ==Čitati dalje== *{{Cite journal|first=Edward Neville da Costa|last=Andrade|author-link=Edward Andrade|title=The real character of bishop Wilkins|journal=[[Annals of Science]]|volume=1|issue=1|year=1936|pages=4–12|doi=10.1080/00033793600200021}} *{{-|Lewis, Rhodri. ''Language, Mind and Nature. Artificial Languages in England from Bacon to Locke'', 2012 CUP, Cambridge. ISBN: 9780521294133}}. *{{-|Pinker, Steven. ''Words and Rules: The Ingredients of Language'', 2000}}. ==Vněšnje linky== *{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/AnEssayTowardsARealCharacterAndAPhilosophicalLanguage|title=An Essay Towards a Real Character and a Philosophical Language|last=Wilkins|first=John|year=1668|place=London}} (skan stranic) *{{Cite book|url=http://name.umdl.umich.edu/A66045.0001.001|title=An essay towards a real character, and a philosophical language by John Wilkins|last=Wilkins|first=John|publisher=Early English Books Online: Text Creation Partnership. U of Michigan Library|year=1668}} (transkripcija) *[https://www.onb.ac.at/forschung/forschungsblog/artikel/john-wilkins-s-artificial-language Umětny jezyk {{-|Johna|Джона}} Wilkinsa, Avstrijska nacionalna biblioteka, raziskyvalny blog] *[https://aidaneid.github.io/The-Universal-Language-of-John-Wilkins/dictionary.html Interaktivna verzija ''Eseja'', dozvoljajuča koristnikam slyšati izgovory i viděti stvarne znaky za vsaky vnos, zajedno s drugymi resursami] *[https://www.crockford.com/wilkins.html Analitičny jezyk {{-|Johna|Джона}} Wilkinsa, od {{-|Jorgea|Хорхе}} Luisa Borgesa] ==Iztočniky== {{Iztočniky}} {{Umětne jezyky}} [[Kategorija:Konstruovane jezyky]] [[Kategorija:Eseje o jezyku]] [[Kategorija:Literatura o filosofiji jezyka]] [[Kategorija:Děla od Johna Wilkinsa]] {{Pravopis prověrjeny}} 6p8gzbv5khl76t0sqf7npv3x4hh5gss 45589 45580 2026-08-12T19:42:43Z Ilja isv 10 /* Svezane usilja, diskusije i korespondencija */ 45589 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kartka kniga |image = Wilkins An Essay towards a real.jpg |image_size = |border = |alt = |caption = Titulna strana prvoga izdanja |author = [[John Wilkins|Džon Vilkins]] |illustrator = |language = [[Anglijsky jezik|anglijsky]] |subject = |genre = |publisher = Pečatano [[Samuel Gellibrand|Samuelom Gelibrandom]], i [[John Martyn (izdatelj)|Džonom Martynom]], pečatnikami [[Kraljevskogo družstva]] |pub_date = 1668 |pub_place = [[London]], [[Anglija]] |media_type = [[Tvrdy pokrov]] |pages = 454 |isbn = |isbn_note = |oclc = 4088592 |dewey = |congress = |preceded_by = <!-- for books in a series --> |followed_by = <!-- for books in a series --> }} '''''Esej o stvarnom znaku i filozofskom jezyku''''' (London, 1668)<ref>{{cite book| last=Wilkins|title=An Essay Towards a Real Character, and a Philosophical Language|url=https://archive.org/details/AnEssayTowardsARealCharacterAndAPhilosophicalLanguage/page/n8/mode/1up|place=London|publisher=Pečatano [[Samuel Gellibrand|Samuelom Gelibrandom]], i [[John Martyn (izdatelj)|Džonom Martynom]], pečatnikami [[Kraljevskogo družstva]]|year=1668|oclc=4088592}}</ref> jest najbolje zapamětano iz mnogyh děl anglijskogo [[Filozofija prirody|filozofa prirody]] [[John Wilkins|Džona Wilkinsa]], v ktorom on izlagaje novy [[universalny jezyk]], zamysljeny glavno dlja oblegčenja medžunarodnoj komunikacije medžu [[Nauka|naučnikami]], ale takože zamysljeny za upotrěbu [[Diplomatija|diplomatami]], putnikami i kupcami. Na razliku od mnogyh shem universalnogo jezyka togo perioda, on byl zamysljen jedino kako [[Medžunarodny pomočny jezyk|pomočny]] jestvujučim prirodnym jezykam (ne kako zaměna jih).<ref>{{-|"So that if men should generally consent upon the same way or manner of Expression, as they do agree in the same Notion, we should then be freed from that Curse in the Confusion of Tongues, with all that unhappy consequences of it.<p>"Now this can only be done, either by 'enjoyning'' some one Language and Character to be universally learnt and practised, (which is not to be expected, till some person attain to the ''Universal Monarchy'', and perhaps it would not be done then) or else by ''proposing some such way as, by its facility and usefulness, (without the imposition of Authority) might ''invite'' and ingage men to the learning of it; which is the thing here attempted." (''Essay'', s.20)}}</ref> ==Pozadje== Jednym iz cěljev ''Eseja'' bylo stvoriti zaměnu za [[latinsky jezyk]], ktory byl medžunarodnym jezykom naučnikov v [[Zapadna Evropa|Zapadnoj Evropě]] po dobu vyše než 1000 lět.<ref>{{cite book|first=Ute|last=Dons|title=Descriptive adequacy of early modern English grammars|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K7ffwL7Gs14C&pg=PA21|access-date=2012-03-28|year=2004|publisher=Walter de Gruyter|isbn=978-3-11-018193-7|page=21}}</ref> [[Jan Amos Komensky]] ({{-|Comenius}}) i drugi zainteresovani za meždunarodne jezyky imali kritiku na proizvoljne črty latiny, ktore dělali ju težšeju za učenje, i Wilkins takože dělal podobne tvrdženja.<ref>{{cite book|first=Françoise|last=Waquet|translator-first=John| translator-last= Howe|title=Latin, or the Empire of a Sign|date=2001|publisher=Verso|isbn=1859846157|pages=258}}</ref> Shema za ''{{-|[[lingua franca]]}}'' na bazě numeričnyh značenij byla izdana {{-|[[John Pell (matematik)|Johnom Pellom]]|[[John Pell (matematik)|Джоном Пелом]]}} (1630); a v svojem dělu "''Merkurij, ili Tajny Poslannik"'' (1640) Wilkins byl upoměnul možnost razvitja [[Trgovy jezyk|trgovogo jezyka]].<ref>{{cite book|first=Daniel|last=Murphy|title=Comenius: a critical reassessment of his life and work|date=1995|publisher=Irish Academic Press|page=209–10|isbn=0716525372}}</ref> [[Seth Ward (biskup)|Se{{-|th|т}} Ward]] byl s Wilkinsom soavtorom knigy "''{{-|Vindiciae academiarum}}''" (1654) v času obrany Sodružstvennoj univerzitetnoj sistemy {{-|[[Oxbridge]]}} protiv vněšnjim reformatoram. V njej Ward izlagal srodnu jezykovu shemu, hoti različnu od ''Eseja'' Wilkinsa v něktoryh značnyh aspektah.<ref name="Wilkins1984">{{cite book|first=John|last=Wilkins|title=Mercury, or, The secret and swift messenger: shewing how a man may with privacy and speed communicate his thoughts to a friend at any distance; together with an abstract of Dr. Wilkins's Essays towards a real character and a philosophical language|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Lc38yWFv3p8C&pg=PR29|access-date=2012-03-28|year=1984|publisher=John Benjamins Publishing Company|isbn=978-90-272-3276-2|page=29}}</ref> Wardove ideje proizhodili iz mnogyh izvorov, takyh kako [[Cyprian Kinner]], ktory byl poslědovateljem Komenskogo, [[Ramon Lull]], i {{-|[[Georg Ritschel]]|[[Georg Ritschel|Георг Ритчел]]}}. Oni potom vlivali na [[George Dalgarno|{{-|Ge|Дж}}or{{-|gea|джа}} Dalgarna]] takože kako i na Wilkinsa.<ref>{{-|Henry, John. "Ward, Seth". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/28706. (Subscription, Wikipedia Library access or UK public library membership required.)}}</ref> K ''Eseju'' byl směsta neposredny interes; govori se, že Wilkins razgledal svoje dělo jedino kako [[podtvrdženje koncepcije]].<ref>{{cite book|first=Henry G.|last=Van Leeuwen|title=The problem of certainty in English thought, 1630–1690|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RXQjQyIqVjcC&pg=PA56|access-date=2012-03-28|year=1970|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-90-247-0179-7|page=56}}</ref> Ale v srědnjem terminu entuziazm za taky tip umětnyh jezykov šel vo spad. Problem [[Universalny jezyk|universalnogo jezyka]] ostal temoju debaty.<ref name="Wilkins1984"/> ==Sostavjenje i vlivanja== Stimul za napisanje Wilkinsonom ''Eseja'' jest prišel od Sověta Kraljevskogo družstva v lětu 1662. Dělo bylo odloženo [[Veliky londonsky požar|Velikym Londonskym požarom]] v lětu 1666, ktory izničil něktore česti rukopisa.<ref>{{cite book|first=Joseph L.|last=Subbiondo|title=John Wilkins and 17th-century British linguistics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5pP2LoB9eJkC&pg=PA144|access-date=2012-03-28|year=1992|publisher=John Benjamins Publishing Company|isbn=978-90-272-4554-0|page=144 opaska 34}}</ref> Kniga byla napisana Wilkinsonom s pomočju [[John Ray|{{-|Johna Raya|Джона Реjа}}]], [[Francis Willughby|{{-|Francisa Willughby|Франсиса Вилугби}}]], i drugih. Jednim iz zdrojev inspiracije bylo "''{{-|Ars Signorum}}''" {{-|Ge|Дж}}or{{-|gea|джа}} Dalgarna.<ref>{{-|"Wilkins, John" . Dictionary of National Biography. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.}}</ref> Kako Wilkins priznaval, takože značny vliv na njej učinil trud "''Zakladanje osnovanja ... za sostavjenje novogo sovršennogo jezyka"'' (1652) [[Francis Lodwick|Fran{{-|ci|си}}sa Lodwi{{-|ck|к}}a]].<ref>{{-|Salmon, Vivian. "Lodwick, Francis". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/37684. (Subscription, Wikipedia Library access or UK public library membership required.)}}</ref> ==Struktura== Dělo jest v pěti čestah, iz ktoryh četvrta jest posvěčena "stvarnomu znaku" i "[[Filozofsky jezyk|filozofskomu jezyku]]". Tretja traktuje o "filozofskoj gramatikě" ([[Universalna gramatika|univerzalnoj gramatikě]]). Poslědnja čest jest "alfabetičny slovnik".<ref>{{cite book|first=John P.|last=Considine|title=Dictionaries in Early Modern Europe: Lexicography and the Making of Heritage|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cqBkQFiTbX4C&pg=PA298|access-date=2012-03-28|date=2008-03-27|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-88674-1|pages=298}}</ref> On byl složeny [[William Lloyd (biskup worcesterski)|Wi{{-|lli|љ}}amom {{-|Lloy|Лоj}}dom]].<ref> {{-|"Lloyd, William (1627–1717)" . Dictionary of National Biography. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.}}</ref> ==Wilkinsova shema== [[File:John Wilkins Lord's Prayer.jpg|thumb|Priměr "stvarnogo znaka" iz ''Eseja''. [[Joseph Moxon|{{-|Joseph Moxon|Джозеф Моксон}}]] jest stvoril simboly za pečatanje knigy.<ref>{{-|Bryden, D. J. "Moxon, Joseph". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/19466. (Subscription, Wikipedia Library access or UK public library membership required.)}}</ref>]] Wilkinsov "Stvarny znak" jest konstruovana sistema simbolov, ktora odgovaraje [[klasifikacija|klasifikacijnoj shemě]], izrabjenoj Wilkinsom i jego kolegami. Ona byla zamysljena kako [[pazigrafija]], inymi slovami, da by dostaviti elementarne postaviteljne bloky, iz ktoryh by mogli byti konstruovane vsake možne věči i pojetja vo Vsesvětu. Stvarny znak ne jest [[ortografija]]: on ne jest pismennym prědstavjenjem [[Izgovor|izgovornogo jezyka]]. Vměsto tomu, vsaky simbol predstavjaje koncept direktno, bez (prinajmenje v rannyh čestah ''Eseja'') togo, da by byla libokaka možnost jego vokalizacije.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Poole|first=William|date=2018-01-24|title=Seventeenth-Century ‘double writing’ schemes, and a 1676 letter in the phonetic script and real character of John Wilkins|url=https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsnr.2017.0041|journal=Notes and Records: the Royal Society Journal of the History of Science|volume=72|issue=1|pages=7–23|doi=10.1098/rsnr.2017.0041|pmc=5906426|pmid=31390391}}</ref> Inspiracija za tuty pristup prišla čestično iz evropejskyh prědstavjenij toj doby o [[kitajsko pismo|kitajskoj sistemě pisma]], ktore byly o něčto mylne. Dalje v ''Eseju'' Wilkins uvodi svoj "Filozofsky jezyk", ktory prisvajaje Stvarnym znakam fonetične značenja. Za udobnost, v naslědujučej diskusiji izčezajut razliky medžu Wilkinsovym Znakom i jego Jezykom. Pojetja se dělet na četyredeset glavnyh ''Rodov'' ({{-|Genus}}), vsaky iz ktoryh davaje prvy dvubukveny slog slova; Rod se děli na ''Različnosti'' ({{-|Differences}}), vsaka iz ktoryh dodaje drugu bukvu; a Različnosti se dělet na ''Vidy'' ({{-|Species}}), ktore dodavajut četvrtu bukvu. Napriměr, ''{{-|Zi}}'' identifikuje Rod "zvěrj" (savci); ''{{-|Zit}}'' davaje Različnost " zvěrj predator psovogo roda"; ''{{-|Zitα}}'' davaje Vid psov. (Někogda prva bukva označaje nadkategoriju — napr. Z vsegda označaje životno — ale to ne shranjaje se vsegda.) Rezultujuči Znak, i jego vokalizacija, za dano pojetje tako zahvatyvaje, do něktoroj měry, [[semantika|semantiku]] tutogo pojetja. ''Esej'' takože prědkladal ideje o vagah i měrah, podobnyh tym, ktore byly pozdněje najdene v [[Metrična sistema|metričnoj sistemě]]. Botaničnu čest eseja prinesl [[John Ray|{{-|John Ray|Джон Реj}}]]; kritika R{{-|ayo|ејо}}vogo děla [[Robert Morison|Robertom Morisonom]] začala prodolženy spor medžu tutymi dvoma mužami.<ref name="Vines 1913">{{cite book|first=Sydney Howard|last=Vines|author-link=Sydney Howard Vines|year=1913|chapter=Robert Morison 1620–1683 and John Ray 1627–1705|editor-first=Francis Wall|editor-last=Oliver|editor-link=Francis Wall Oliver|title=Makers of British Botany|url=https://archive.org/details/makersofbritishb00olivuoft|publisher=Cambridge University Press|page=[https://archive.org/details/makersofbritishb00olivuoft/page/21 21]}}</ref> ==Svezane usilja, diskusije i korespondencija== ''Esej'' jest sdobyl něktoru akademičnu i literaturnu pozornost,<ref>{{cite book |last=Fleming |first=James Dougal |title=The mirror of information in Early Modern England: John Wilkins and the universal character |date=2017 |publisher=Palgrave Mcmillan |isbn=978-3-319-40300-7 |place=Switzerland}}</ref> obyčajno go izobražajuču kako genialny, ale beznadežny. On jest byl opisan kako "utopičny" tekst.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Newson |first=Georgie |date=2023-07-14 |title=An Archival Paradise: John Wilkins’s Essay Towards a Real Character and a Philosophical Language and Early Modern Info-Utopianism |url=https://scholarlypublishingcollective.org/utopian-studies/article/34/2/234/384258/An-Archival-Paradise-John-Wilkins-s-Essay-Towards |journal=Utopian Studies |lang=en |volume=34 |issue=2 |pages=234–256 |doi=10.5325/utopianstudies.34.2.0234 |issn=1045-991X}}</ref> Jedna kritika (medžu mnogimi) byla, že "slova izražajuče blizko srodne ideje imajut bezmalogo jednaku formu, različnu možno jedino v poslednoj bukvě... [B]ylo by izvonredno trudno zapametati vsi tute male različnosti, i zamešateljstvo by nastalo pri brzom čitanju i osoblivo v razgovoru."<ref>{{cite book|last=Guérard|first=Albert Léon|author-link=Albert Léon Guérard|title=A Short History of the International Language Movement|url=https://archive.org/details/shorthistoryofin00guuoft|year=1921|pages=[https://archive.org/details/shorthistoryofin00guuoft/page/90 90]–92}}<!--V istině to jest jedino jedna od tyh 3 stranic, ale ne mogu reći ktorá točno od kuda ja sedim právě teper--></ref> ([[Umberto Eco|Umberto E{{-|co|ко}}]] znaměnuje,<ref>{{cite book|last=Eco|first=Umberto|year=1995|title=The Search for the Perfect Language|trans-title=Ricerca della lingua perfetta nella cultura europea|publisher=Blackwell|location=Oxford|isbn=0-631-17465-6|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/searchforperfect00ecou }}</ref> že Wilkins sam činil taku mylku v ''Eseju'', upotrebiv ''{{-|Gαde}}'' (ječmen) kde, očevidno, ''{{-|Gαpe}}'' (tulipan) bylo zamysljeno.) Jednako, drugi tvrdet, že prirodne jezyky uže i tako imajut take drobne različnosti, i že prědpoklad, da by te različnosti byli nerazličime, by značil tvrdženje, že prirodne jezyky neuspěvajut v tom. [[George Edmonds (pravnik)|{{-|George|Джордж}} Edmonds]] staraje se izlěpšiti Wilkinsov filozofsky jezyk reorganizacijeju ego gramatiky i ortografije, pri čem sohranjajuči jego taksonomiju.<ref>{{cite book|last=Edmonds|first=George|year=1856|title=A Universal Alphabet, Grammar, and Language, Comprising a Scientific Classification of the Radical Elements of Discourse: and Illustrative Translations from the Holy Scriptures and the Principal British Classics: to which is Added, A Dictionary of the Language|url=https://archive.org/details/universalalphabe00edmo|access-date=2016-11-10}}</ref> K novějšym ''{{-|a priori}}'' jezykam (medžu mnogymi drugymi) odnoset, napriměr, {{-|[[Solresol]]}} i {{-|[[Ro (jezyk)|Ro]]}}. [[Jorge Luis Borges|{{-|Jorge|Хорхе}} Luis Borges]] diskutuje Wilkinsov filozofsky jezyk v svojem eseju [[Analytičny jezyk Johna Wilkinsa (Borges)|''{{-|El idioma analítico de John Wilkins}}'' (''Analytičny jezyk Džona Wilkinsa'')]], srovnavajući Wilkinsovu klasifikaciju s fiktivnoju kitajskoju enciklopedijeju ''[[Podnebesny Hram Blagotvornogo Znanja]]'' i izražaje sumnjenja vo vsakom pokušenju universalnoj klasifikacije. V romanu [[Neal Stephenson|Neala Ste{{-|ph|ф}}ensona]] ''{{-|[[Quicksilver (Stephensonov roman)|Quicksilver]]}}'', personaž [[Daniel Waterhouse|Daniel {{-|Waterhouse|Вотерхаус}}]] trati značny čas na poddrživanje razvoja Wilkinsovoj klasifikacijnoj sistemy.<!--što znači "podpirajući"— "pomažući", "branjući"?--> ==Čitati dalje== *{{Cite journal|first=Edward Neville da Costa|last=Andrade|author-link=Edward Andrade|title=The real character of bishop Wilkins|journal=[[Annals of Science]]|volume=1|issue=1|year=1936|pages=4–12|doi=10.1080/00033793600200021}} *{{-|Lewis, Rhodri. ''Language, Mind and Nature. Artificial Languages in England from Bacon to Locke'', 2012 CUP, Cambridge. ISBN: 9780521294133}}. *{{-|Pinker, Steven. ''Words and Rules: The Ingredients of Language'', 2000}}. ==Vněšnje linky== *{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/AnEssayTowardsARealCharacterAndAPhilosophicalLanguage|title=An Essay Towards a Real Character and a Philosophical Language|last=Wilkins|first=John|year=1668|place=London}} (skan stranic) *{{Cite book|url=http://name.umdl.umich.edu/A66045.0001.001|title=An essay towards a real character, and a philosophical language by John Wilkins|last=Wilkins|first=John|publisher=Early English Books Online: Text Creation Partnership. U of Michigan Library|year=1668}} (transkripcija) *[https://www.onb.ac.at/forschung/forschungsblog/artikel/john-wilkins-s-artificial-language Umětny jezyk {{-|Johna|Джона}} Wilkinsa, Avstrijska nacionalna biblioteka, raziskyvalny blog] *[https://aidaneid.github.io/The-Universal-Language-of-John-Wilkins/dictionary.html Interaktivna verzija ''Eseja'', dozvoljajuča koristnikam slyšati izgovory i viděti stvarne znaky za vsaky vnos, zajedno s drugymi resursami] *[https://www.crockford.com/wilkins.html Analitičny jezyk {{-|Johna|Джона}} Wilkinsa, od {{-|Jorgea|Хорхе}} Luisa Borgesa] ==Iztočniky== {{Iztočniky}} {{Umětne jezyky}} [[Kategorija:Konstruovane jezyky]] [[Kategorija:Eseje o jezyku]] [[Kategorija:Literatura o filosofiji jezyka]] [[Kategorija:Děla od Johna Wilkinsa]] {{Pravopis prověrjeny}} tmizasmc7gkis2yqoppdv8goipqua1e 45590 45589 2026-08-12T19:44:37Z Ilja isv 10 /* Svezane usilja, diskusije i korespondencija */ 45590 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kartka kniga |image = Wilkins An Essay towards a real.jpg |image_size = |border = |alt = |caption = Titulna strana prvoga izdanja |author = [[John Wilkins|Džon Vilkins]] |illustrator = |language = [[Anglijsky jezik|anglijsky]] |subject = |genre = |publisher = Pečatano [[Samuel Gellibrand|Samuelom Gelibrandom]], i [[John Martyn (izdatelj)|Džonom Martynom]], pečatnikami [[Kraljevskogo družstva]] |pub_date = 1668 |pub_place = [[London]], [[Anglija]] |media_type = [[Tvrdy pokrov]] |pages = 454 |isbn = |isbn_note = |oclc = 4088592 |dewey = |congress = |preceded_by = <!-- for books in a series --> |followed_by = <!-- for books in a series --> }} '''''Esej o stvarnom znaku i filozofskom jezyku''''' (London, 1668)<ref>{{cite book| last=Wilkins|title=An Essay Towards a Real Character, and a Philosophical Language|url=https://archive.org/details/AnEssayTowardsARealCharacterAndAPhilosophicalLanguage/page/n8/mode/1up|place=London|publisher=Pečatano [[Samuel Gellibrand|Samuelom Gelibrandom]], i [[John Martyn (izdatelj)|Džonom Martynom]], pečatnikami [[Kraljevskogo družstva]]|year=1668|oclc=4088592}}</ref> jest najbolje zapamětano iz mnogyh děl anglijskogo [[Filozofija prirody|filozofa prirody]] [[John Wilkins|Džona Wilkinsa]], v ktorom on izlagaje novy [[universalny jezyk]], zamysljeny glavno dlja oblegčenja medžunarodnoj komunikacije medžu [[Nauka|naučnikami]], ale takože zamysljeny za upotrěbu [[Diplomatija|diplomatami]], putnikami i kupcami. Na razliku od mnogyh shem universalnogo jezyka togo perioda, on byl zamysljen jedino kako [[Medžunarodny pomočny jezyk|pomočny]] jestvujučim prirodnym jezykam (ne kako zaměna jih).<ref>{{-|"So that if men should generally consent upon the same way or manner of Expression, as they do agree in the same Notion, we should then be freed from that Curse in the Confusion of Tongues, with all that unhappy consequences of it.<p>"Now this can only be done, either by 'enjoyning'' some one Language and Character to be universally learnt and practised, (which is not to be expected, till some person attain to the ''Universal Monarchy'', and perhaps it would not be done then) or else by ''proposing some such way as, by its facility and usefulness, (without the imposition of Authority) might ''invite'' and ingage men to the learning of it; which is the thing here attempted." (''Essay'', s.20)}}</ref> ==Pozadje== Jednym iz cěljev ''Eseja'' bylo stvoriti zaměnu za [[latinsky jezyk]], ktory byl medžunarodnym jezykom naučnikov v [[Zapadna Evropa|Zapadnoj Evropě]] po dobu vyše než 1000 lět.<ref>{{cite book|first=Ute|last=Dons|title=Descriptive adequacy of early modern English grammars|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K7ffwL7Gs14C&pg=PA21|access-date=2012-03-28|year=2004|publisher=Walter de Gruyter|isbn=978-3-11-018193-7|page=21}}</ref> [[Jan Amos Komensky]] ({{-|Comenius}}) i drugi zainteresovani za meždunarodne jezyky imali kritiku na proizvoljne črty latiny, ktore dělali ju težšeju za učenje, i Wilkins takože dělal podobne tvrdženja.<ref>{{cite book|first=Françoise|last=Waquet|translator-first=John| translator-last= Howe|title=Latin, or the Empire of a Sign|date=2001|publisher=Verso|isbn=1859846157|pages=258}}</ref> Shema za ''{{-|[[lingua franca]]}}'' na bazě numeričnyh značenij byla izdana {{-|[[John Pell (matematik)|Johnom Pellom]]|[[John Pell (matematik)|Джоном Пелом]]}} (1630); a v svojem dělu "''Merkurij, ili Tajny Poslannik"'' (1640) Wilkins byl upoměnul možnost razvitja [[Trgovy jezyk|trgovogo jezyka]].<ref>{{cite book|first=Daniel|last=Murphy|title=Comenius: a critical reassessment of his life and work|date=1995|publisher=Irish Academic Press|page=209–10|isbn=0716525372}}</ref> [[Seth Ward (biskup)|Se{{-|th|т}} Ward]] byl s Wilkinsom soavtorom knigy "''{{-|Vindiciae academiarum}}''" (1654) v času obrany Sodružstvennoj univerzitetnoj sistemy {{-|[[Oxbridge]]}} protiv vněšnjim reformatoram. V njej Ward izlagal srodnu jezykovu shemu, hoti različnu od ''Eseja'' Wilkinsa v něktoryh značnyh aspektah.<ref name="Wilkins1984">{{cite book|first=John|last=Wilkins|title=Mercury, or, The secret and swift messenger: shewing how a man may with privacy and speed communicate his thoughts to a friend at any distance; together with an abstract of Dr. Wilkins's Essays towards a real character and a philosophical language|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Lc38yWFv3p8C&pg=PR29|access-date=2012-03-28|year=1984|publisher=John Benjamins Publishing Company|isbn=978-90-272-3276-2|page=29}}</ref> Wardove ideje proizhodili iz mnogyh izvorov, takyh kako [[Cyprian Kinner]], ktory byl poslědovateljem Komenskogo, [[Ramon Lull]], i {{-|[[Georg Ritschel]]|[[Georg Ritschel|Георг Ритчел]]}}. Oni potom vlivali na [[George Dalgarno|{{-|Ge|Дж}}or{{-|gea|джа}} Dalgarna]] takože kako i na Wilkinsa.<ref>{{-|Henry, John. "Ward, Seth". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/28706. (Subscription, Wikipedia Library access or UK public library membership required.)}}</ref> K ''Eseju'' byl směsta neposredny interes; govori se, že Wilkins razgledal svoje dělo jedino kako [[podtvrdženje koncepcije]].<ref>{{cite book|first=Henry G.|last=Van Leeuwen|title=The problem of certainty in English thought, 1630–1690|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RXQjQyIqVjcC&pg=PA56|access-date=2012-03-28|year=1970|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-90-247-0179-7|page=56}}</ref> Ale v srědnjem terminu entuziazm za taky tip umětnyh jezykov šel vo spad. Problem [[Universalny jezyk|universalnogo jezyka]] ostal temoju debaty.<ref name="Wilkins1984"/> ==Sostavjenje i vlivanja== Stimul za napisanje Wilkinsonom ''Eseja'' jest prišel od Sověta Kraljevskogo družstva v lětu 1662. Dělo bylo odloženo [[Veliky londonsky požar|Velikym Londonskym požarom]] v lětu 1666, ktory izničil něktore česti rukopisa.<ref>{{cite book|first=Joseph L.|last=Subbiondo|title=John Wilkins and 17th-century British linguistics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5pP2LoB9eJkC&pg=PA144|access-date=2012-03-28|year=1992|publisher=John Benjamins Publishing Company|isbn=978-90-272-4554-0|page=144 opaska 34}}</ref> Kniga byla napisana Wilkinsonom s pomočju [[John Ray|{{-|Johna Raya|Джона Реjа}}]], [[Francis Willughby|{{-|Francisa Willughby|Франсиса Вилугби}}]], i drugih. Jednim iz zdrojev inspiracije bylo "''{{-|Ars Signorum}}''" {{-|Ge|Дж}}or{{-|gea|джа}} Dalgarna.<ref>{{-|"Wilkins, John" . Dictionary of National Biography. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.}}</ref> Kako Wilkins priznaval, takože značny vliv na njej učinil trud "''Zakladanje osnovanja ... za sostavjenje novogo sovršennogo jezyka"'' (1652) [[Francis Lodwick|Fran{{-|ci|си}}sa Lodwi{{-|ck|к}}a]].<ref>{{-|Salmon, Vivian. "Lodwick, Francis". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/37684. (Subscription, Wikipedia Library access or UK public library membership required.)}}</ref> ==Struktura== Dělo jest v pěti čestah, iz ktoryh četvrta jest posvěčena "stvarnomu znaku" i "[[Filozofsky jezyk|filozofskomu jezyku]]". Tretja traktuje o "filozofskoj gramatikě" ([[Universalna gramatika|univerzalnoj gramatikě]]). Poslědnja čest jest "alfabetičny slovnik".<ref>{{cite book|first=John P.|last=Considine|title=Dictionaries in Early Modern Europe: Lexicography and the Making of Heritage|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cqBkQFiTbX4C&pg=PA298|access-date=2012-03-28|date=2008-03-27|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-88674-1|pages=298}}</ref> On byl složeny [[William Lloyd (biskup worcesterski)|Wi{{-|lli|љ}}amom {{-|Lloy|Лоj}}dom]].<ref> {{-|"Lloyd, William (1627–1717)" . Dictionary of National Biography. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.}}</ref> ==Wilkinsova shema== [[File:John Wilkins Lord's Prayer.jpg|thumb|Priměr "stvarnogo znaka" iz ''Eseja''. [[Joseph Moxon|{{-|Joseph Moxon|Джозеф Моксон}}]] jest stvoril simboly za pečatanje knigy.<ref>{{-|Bryden, D. J. "Moxon, Joseph". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/19466. (Subscription, Wikipedia Library access or UK public library membership required.)}}</ref>]] Wilkinsov "Stvarny znak" jest konstruovana sistema simbolov, ktora odgovaraje [[klasifikacija|klasifikacijnoj shemě]], izrabjenoj Wilkinsom i jego kolegami. Ona byla zamysljena kako [[pazigrafija]], inymi slovami, da by dostaviti elementarne postaviteljne bloky, iz ktoryh by mogli byti konstruovane vsake možne věči i pojetja vo Vsesvětu. Stvarny znak ne jest [[ortografija]]: on ne jest pismennym prědstavjenjem [[Izgovor|izgovornogo jezyka]]. Vměsto tomu, vsaky simbol predstavjaje koncept direktno, bez (prinajmenje v rannyh čestah ''Eseja'') togo, da by byla libokaka možnost jego vokalizacije.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Poole|first=William|date=2018-01-24|title=Seventeenth-Century ‘double writing’ schemes, and a 1676 letter in the phonetic script and real character of John Wilkins|url=https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsnr.2017.0041|journal=Notes and Records: the Royal Society Journal of the History of Science|volume=72|issue=1|pages=7–23|doi=10.1098/rsnr.2017.0041|pmc=5906426|pmid=31390391}}</ref> Inspiracija za tuty pristup prišla čestično iz evropejskyh prědstavjenij toj doby o [[kitajsko pismo|kitajskoj sistemě pisma]], ktore byly o něčto mylne. Dalje v ''Eseju'' Wilkins uvodi svoj "Filozofsky jezyk", ktory prisvajaje Stvarnym znakam fonetične značenja. Za udobnost, v naslědujučej diskusiji izčezajut razliky medžu Wilkinsovym Znakom i jego Jezykom. Pojetja se dělet na četyredeset glavnyh ''Rodov'' ({{-|Genus}}), vsaky iz ktoryh davaje prvy dvubukveny slog slova; Rod se děli na ''Različnosti'' ({{-|Differences}}), vsaka iz ktoryh dodaje drugu bukvu; a Različnosti se dělet na ''Vidy'' ({{-|Species}}), ktore dodavajut četvrtu bukvu. Napriměr, ''{{-|Zi}}'' identifikuje Rod "zvěrj" (savci); ''{{-|Zit}}'' davaje Različnost " zvěrj predator psovogo roda"; ''{{-|Zitα}}'' davaje Vid psov. (Někogda prva bukva označaje nadkategoriju — napr. Z vsegda označaje životno — ale to ne shranjaje se vsegda.) Rezultujuči Znak, i jego vokalizacija, za dano pojetje tako zahvatyvaje, do něktoroj měry, [[semantika|semantiku]] tutogo pojetja. ''Esej'' takože prědkladal ideje o vagah i měrah, podobnyh tym, ktore byly pozdněje najdene v [[Metrična sistema|metričnoj sistemě]]. Botaničnu čest eseja prinesl [[John Ray|{{-|John Ray|Джон Реj}}]]; kritika R{{-|ayo|ејо}}vogo děla [[Robert Morison|Robertom Morisonom]] začala prodolženy spor medžu tutymi dvoma mužami.<ref name="Vines 1913">{{cite book|first=Sydney Howard|last=Vines|author-link=Sydney Howard Vines|year=1913|chapter=Robert Morison 1620–1683 and John Ray 1627–1705|editor-first=Francis Wall|editor-last=Oliver|editor-link=Francis Wall Oliver|title=Makers of British Botany|url=https://archive.org/details/makersofbritishb00olivuoft|publisher=Cambridge University Press|page=[https://archive.org/details/makersofbritishb00olivuoft/page/21 21]}}</ref> ==Svezane usilja, diskusije i korespondencija== ''Esej'' jest sdobyl něktoru akademičnu i literaturnu pozornost,<ref>{{cite book |last=Fleming |first=James Dougal |title=The mirror of information in Early Modern England: John Wilkins and the universal character |date=2017 |publisher=Palgrave Mcmillan |isbn=978-3-319-40300-7 |place=Switzerland}}</ref> obyčajno go izobražajuču kako genialny, ale beznadežny. On jest byl opisan kako "utopičny" tekst.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Newson |first=Georgie |date=2023-07-14 |title=An Archival Paradise: John Wilkins’s Essay Towards a Real Character and a Philosophical Language and Early Modern Info-Utopianism |url=https://scholarlypublishingcollective.org/utopian-studies/article/34/2/234/384258/An-Archival-Paradise-John-Wilkins-s-Essay-Towards |journal=Utopian Studies |lang=en |volume=34 |issue=2 |pages=234–256 |doi=10.5325/utopianstudies.34.2.0234 |issn=1045-991X}}</ref> Jedna kritika (medžu mnogimi) byla, že "slova izražajuče blizko srodne ideje imajut bezmalogo jednaku formu, različnu možno jedino v poslednoj bukvě... [B]ylo by izvonredno trudno zapametati vsi tute male različnosti, i zamešateljstvo by nastalo pri brzom čitanju i osoblivo v razgovoru."<ref>{{cite book|last=Guérard|first=Albert Léon|author-link=Albert Léon Guérard|title=A Short History of the International Language Movement|url=https://archive.org/details/shorthistoryofin00guuoft|year=1921|pages=[https://archive.org/details/shorthistoryofin00guuoft/page/90 90]–92}}<!--V istině to jest jedino jedna od tyh 3 stranic, ale ne mogu reći ktorá točno od kuda ja sedim právě teper--></ref> ([[Umberto Eco|Umberto E{{-|co|ко}}]] znaměnuje,<ref>{{cite book|last=Eco|first=Umberto|year=1995|title=The Search for the Perfect Language|trans-title=Ricerca della lingua perfetta nella cultura europea|publisher=Blackwell|location=Oxford|isbn=0-631-17465-6|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/searchforperfect00ecou }}</ref> že Wilkins sam činil taku mylku v ''Eseju'', upotrebiv ''{{-|Gαde}}'' (ječmen) kde, očevidno, ''{{-|Gαpe}}'' (tulipan) bylo zamysljeno.) Jednako, drugi tvrdet, že prirodne jezyky uže i tako imajut take drobne različnosti, i že prědpoklad, da by te različnosti byli nerazličime, by značil tvrdženje, že prirodne jezyky neuspěvajut v tom. [[George Edmonds (pravnik)|{{-|George|Джордж}} Edmonds]] staraje se izlěpšiti Wilkinsov filozofsky jezyk reorganizacijeju ego gramatiky i ortografije, pri čem sohranjajuči jego taksonomiju.<ref>{{cite book|last=Edmonds|first=George|year=1856|title=A Universal Alphabet, Grammar, and Language, Comprising a Scientific Classification of the Radical Elements of Discourse: and Illustrative Translations from the Holy Scriptures and the Principal British Classics: to which is Added, A Dictionary of the Language|url=https://archive.org/details/universalalphabe00edmo|access-date=2016-11-10}}</ref> K novějšym ''{{-|a priori}}'' jezykam (medžu mnogymi drugymi) odnoset, napriměr, {{-|[[Solresol]]}} i {{-|[[Ro (jezyk)|Ro]]}}. [[Jorge Luis Borges|{{-|Jorge|Хорхе}} Luis Borges]] diskutuje Wilkinsov filozofsky jezyk v svojem eseju [[Analytičny jezyk Džona Wilkinsa (Borges)|''{{-|El idioma analítico de John Wilkins}}'' (''Analytičny jezyk Džona Wilkinsa'')]], srovnavajući Wilkinsovu klasifikaciju s fiktivnoju kitajskoju enciklopedijeju ''[[Podnebesny Hram Blagotvornogo Znanja]]'' i izražaje sumnjenja vo vsakom pokušenju universalnoj klasifikacije. V romanu [[Neal Stephenson|Neala Ste{{-|ph|ф}}ensona]] ''{{-|[[Quicksilver (Stephensonov roman)|Quicksilver]]}}'', personaž [[Daniel Waterhouse|Daniel {{-|Waterhouse|Вотерхаус}}]] trati značny čas na poddrživanje razvoja Wilkinsovoj klasifikacijnoj sistemy.<!--što znači "podpirajući"— "pomažući", "branjući"?--> ==Čitati dalje== *{{Cite journal|first=Edward Neville da Costa|last=Andrade|author-link=Edward Andrade|title=The real character of bishop Wilkins|journal=[[Annals of Science]]|volume=1|issue=1|year=1936|pages=4–12|doi=10.1080/00033793600200021}} *{{-|Lewis, Rhodri. ''Language, Mind and Nature. Artificial Languages in England from Bacon to Locke'', 2012 CUP, Cambridge. ISBN: 9780521294133}}. *{{-|Pinker, Steven. ''Words and Rules: The Ingredients of Language'', 2000}}. ==Vněšnje linky== *{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/AnEssayTowardsARealCharacterAndAPhilosophicalLanguage|title=An Essay Towards a Real Character and a Philosophical Language|last=Wilkins|first=John|year=1668|place=London}} (skan stranic) *{{Cite book|url=http://name.umdl.umich.edu/A66045.0001.001|title=An essay towards a real character, and a philosophical language by John Wilkins|last=Wilkins|first=John|publisher=Early English Books Online: Text Creation Partnership. U of Michigan Library|year=1668}} (transkripcija) *[https://www.onb.ac.at/forschung/forschungsblog/artikel/john-wilkins-s-artificial-language Umětny jezyk {{-|Johna|Джона}} Wilkinsa, Avstrijska nacionalna biblioteka, raziskyvalny blog] *[https://aidaneid.github.io/The-Universal-Language-of-John-Wilkins/dictionary.html Interaktivna verzija ''Eseja'', dozvoljajuča koristnikam slyšati izgovory i viděti stvarne znaky za vsaky vnos, zajedno s drugymi resursami] *[https://www.crockford.com/wilkins.html Analitičny jezyk {{-|Johna|Джона}} Wilkinsa, od {{-|Jorgea|Хорхе}} Luisa Borgesa] ==Iztočniky== {{Iztočniky}} {{Umětne jezyky}} [[Kategorija:Konstruovane jezyky]] [[Kategorija:Eseje o jezyku]] [[Kategorija:Literatura o filosofiji jezyka]] [[Kategorija:Děla od Johna Wilkinsa]] {{Pravopis prověrjeny}} lq9bfusi05colql8qemfa203f6d9m2g 0 6019 45567 45410 2026-08-12T12:00:47Z Panslavist 34 Sodržanje zaměnjeno na «{{Kartka jezyk | name = Sindarin | nativename = <center>'''sjn:''' ''({{Jezyky|sjn|Sindarin}}, ''Sindarin'')''</center> | image = | imagesize = 300px | imagecaption = | creator = [[John R. R. Tolkien]] | created = okolo od 1915 do 1973 | speakers = fiktivny jezyk | ref = | date = | script = * [[Tengvar]] (glavno) * [[Cirth|Kirt]] | official = | stand...» 45567 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kartka jezyk | name = Sindarin | nativename = <center>'''sjn:''' ''({{Jezyky|sjn|Sindarin}}, ''Sindarin'')''</center> | image = | imagesize = 300px | imagecaption = | creator = [[John R. R. Tolkien]] | created = okolo od 1915 do 1973 | speakers = fiktivny jezyk | ref = | date = | script = * [[Tengvar]] (glavno) * [[Cirth|Kirt]] | official = | standards = | agency = | iso1 = nema | iso3 = sjn | family = * [[Umětne jezyky|Umětne jezyky]] ** Planovy *** [[Hudožne jezyky]] **** [[Izmysljene jezyky]] ***** [[Elfijske jezyky (Srědnozemje)|Elfijske jezyky]] ****** Sindarin }} '''Sindarin''' jest jednym iz [[Jezyky Tolkiena|skonstruovanyh jezykov]] stvorjenyh od [[John R. R. Tolkien|J. R. R. Tolkiena]] dlja koristjenja v jego fantastičnyh povědkah směstjenyh v [[Arda (Tolkien)|Ardě]], glavno v [[Srědzemje|Srědnozemju]]. Sindarin jest jednym iz mnogyh jezykov, ktorymi govoret [[Elf (Srědzemje)|elfy]]. Slovo '''Sindarin''' v jezyku [[Kvenja]] označa "sěro-elfijsky", zato že to byl jezyk sěryh elfov iz [[Beleriand|Belerianda]]. To byli elfy tretjego klana, ktore ostali v Beleriandě poslě Velikogo Putovanja. Jih jezyk oddalil se od jezyka jih srodnikov, ktori odpluli prěz morje. Sindarin proizhodi iz ranějšego jezyka zvanogo [[Telerin|obči telerin]], ktory razvil se iz [[Eldarin|občego eldarina]], rěči [[Eldar (Srědzemje)|eldarov]] prěd jih razdělenjami, to jest tyh elfov, ktori rěšili slědovati za Valarom [[Oromë]] i prědprijeli Veliky Pohod do [[Valinor|Valinora]]. Daže prěd tym eldarijske elfy govorili originalnoju rěčju vsih elfov, ili [[Primitive Kvendi|primitivnym kvendi]]. V Tretjej Epohě (v času ''[[Vladar prstenjev|Vladara prstenjev]]''), sindarin byl jezykom najčesto govorjenym večinstvom elfov v zapadnoj česti Srědnozemja. Sindarin jest jezyk obyčno nazyvany ''elfijsky jezyk'' ili ''elfijska rěč'' v ''Vladaru prstenjev''. Kogda [[Noldor|noldory]], ktori govorili jezykom [[Kvenja]], povratili se do Srědnozemja, oni prijeli sindarinsky jezyk. Kvenja i sindarin byli spokrovnjene, s mnogymi srodnymi slovami, ale različali se veliko v gramatikě i strukturě. Govori se, že sindarin jest vyše izměnlivy něž kvenja, i v tečenju Prvoj Epohy bylo několiko regionalnyh dialektov. Rěč koriščena v [[Doriath (Srědnozemje)|Doriathu]] (dom [[Thingol|Tingola]], kralja sindarov), znana kako doriatrinsky, byla nazyvana mnogymi sěrymi elfami najvysokoju i najšljahetnějšoju formoju jezyka. V Vtoroj Epohě, mnogi ljudi iz [[Númenor|Númenora]] plynno govorili na Sindarinu. Jih potomki, [[Dúnedain|dúnedajny]] iz [[Gondor|Gondora]] i Arnora, prodolžali govoriti na Sindarinu v Tretjej Epohě. Sindarin byl najprvo pisany koristajuči kirt, elfijsky runsky alfabet. Pozdněje, on byl obyčno pisany [[Tengvar|tengvarom]] (kvenja dlja 'bukvy') – pismom, ktore izmyslil elf [[Fëanor]]. Tolkien osnoval fonologiju i čest gramatiky Sindarina na literarnom velšskom jezyku, a Sindarin pokazivaje něktore mutacije suglasnikov, ktore harakterizujut keltske jezyky.<ref name=Burns>{{cite book |title=Perilous Realms: Celtic and Norse in Tolkien's Middle-earth |first=Marjorie |last=Burns |publisher=[[University of Toronto Press]] |year=2005 |page=21 |isbn=0-8020-3806-9}}</ref> Gnomi rědko učili drugyh [[Khuzdul|svojemu jezyku]],<ref name="Complete">[[Robert Foster (author)|Foster, Robert]] (1978) ''[[The Complete Guide to Middle-earth]]''. Ballantine.</ref> zato oni učili se kako kvenju tako i Sindarinu, da by komunikovali s elfami, osobno s [[Noldor|noldorami]] i sindarami.<ref>[[Tolkien|Tolkien]] (1977), ''[[Quenta Silmarillion]]'', gl. 10 "O Sindarah"</ref> Do Tretjej Epohy, jednako, gnomi byli odčudženi od elfov i uže ne učili se rutinno jih jezyku, prědpočitajuči koristiti [[Vestron|vestron]]. == Dvě hronologije == Dlja skonstruovanyh jezykov Tolkiena trěba jest razlikovati dvě hronologije razvitja:<ref name="Hostetter2013">Hostetter (2013)</ref> * Jedna vněšnja, v kotoroj lingvističny vkus i koncepcije Tolkiena razvijali se<ref name="Hostetter2013"/> * Jedna vnutrěnja, skladajuča se iz poslědovateljnosti sobytij vnutri izmysljenoj historiji vtorogo světa Tolkiena<ref name="Hostetter2013"/> == Iztočniky == {{Iztočniky}} [[Kategorija:Umětne jezyky]] [[Kategorija:Jezyky Tolkiena]] [[Kategorija:Fikcijne jezyky]] {{Umětne jezyky}} {{Prěvod|en|Sindarin}} 8k3ngft33exa8wodfy5h14ur5kwmut8 45570 45567 2026-08-12T12:08:09Z Panslavist 34 pravky 45570 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kartka jezyk | name = Sindarin | nativename = <center>'''sjn:''' ''({{Jezyky|sjn|Sindarin}}, ''Sindarin'')''</center> | image = | imagesize = 300px | imagecaption = | creator = [[John R. R. Tolkien]] | created = okolo od 1915 do 1973 | speakers = fiktivny jezyk | ref = | date = | script = * [[Tengvar]] (glavno) * [[Cirth|Kirt]] | official = | standards = | agency = | iso1 = nema | iso3 = sjn | family = * [[Umětne jezyky|Umětne jezyky]] ** Planovy *** [[Hudožne jezyky]] **** [[Izmysljene jezyky]] ***** [[Elfijske jezyky (Srědnozemje)|Elfijske jezyky]] ****** Sindarin }} '''Sindarin''' jest jednym iz [[Jezyky Tolkiena|skonstruovanyh jezykov]] stvorjenyh od [[John R. R. Tolkien|J. R. R. Tolkiena]] dlja koristjenja v jego fantastičnyh povědkah směstjenyh v [[Arda (Tolkien)|Ardě]], glavno v [[Srědzemje|Srědnozemju]]. Sindarin jest jednym iz mnogyh jezykov, ktorymi govoret [[Elf (Srědzemje)|elfy]]. Slovo '''Sindarin''' v jezyku [[Kvenja]] označa "sěro-elfijsky", zato že to byl jezyk sěryh elfov iz [[Beleriand|Belerianda]]. To byli elfy tretjego klana, ktore ostali v Beleriandě poslě Velikogo Putovanja. Jih jezyk oddalil se od jezyka jih srodnikov, ktori odpluli prěz morje. Sindarin proizhodi iz ranějšego jezyka zvanogo [[Telerin|obči telerin]], ktory razvil se iz [[Eldarin|občego eldarina]], rěči [[Eldar (Srědzemje)|Eldarov]] prěd jih razdělenjami, to jest tyh elfov, ktori rěšili slědovati za Valarom [[Oromë]] i prědprijeli Veliky Pohod do [[Valinor|Valinora]]. Daže prěd tym eldarijske elfy govorili originalnoju rěčju vsih elfov, ili [[Primitive Kvendi|primitivnym kvendi]]. V Tretjej Epohě (v času ''[[Vladar prstenjev|Vladara prstenjev]]''), sindarin byl jezykom najčesto govorjenym večinstvom elfov v zapadnoj česti Srědnozemja. Sindarin jest jezyk obyčno nazyvany ''elfijsky jezyk'' ili ''elfijska rěč'' v ''Vladaru prstenjev''. Kogda [[Noldor|Noldory]], ktori govorili jezykom [[kvenja]], povratili se do Srědnozemja, oni prijeli sindarinsky jezyk. Kvenja i sindarin byli spokrovnjene, s mnogymi srodnymi slovami, ale različali se veliko v gramatikě i strukturě. Govori se, že sindarin jest vyše izměnlivy něž kvenja, i v tečenju Prvoj Epohy bylo několiko regionalnyh dialektov. Rěč koriščena v [[Doriath (Srědnozemje)|Doriathu]] (dom [[Thingol|Tingola]], kralja Sindarov), znana kako doriatrinsky, byla nazyvana mnogymi sěrymi elfami najvysokoju i najšljahetnějšoju formoju jezyka. V Vtoroj Epohě, mnogi ljudi iz [[Númenor|Númenora]] plynno govorili na Sindarinu. Jih potomki, [[Dúnedain|dúnedajny]] iz [[Gondor|Gondora]] i Arnora, prodolžali govoriti na Sindarinu v Tretjej Epohě. Sindarin byl najprvo pisany koristajuči kirt, elfijsky runsky alfabet. Pozdněje, on byl obyčno pisany [[Tengvar|tengvarom]] (kvenja dlja 'bukvy') – pismom, ktore izmyslil elf [[Fëanor]]. Tolkien osnoval fonologiju i čest gramatiky Sindarina na literarnom velšskom jezyku, a sindarin pokazivaje něktore mutacije suglasnikov, ktore harakterizujut keltske jezyky.<ref name=Burns>{{cite book |title=Perilous Realms: Celtic and Norse in Tolkien's Middle-earth |first=Marjorie |last=Burns |publisher=[[University of Toronto Press]] |year=2005 |page=21 |isbn=0-8020-3806-9}}</ref> Gnomi rědko učili drugyh [[Khuzdul|svojemu jezyku]],<ref name="Complete">[[Robert Foster (author)|Foster, Robert]] (1978) ''[[The Complete Guide to Middle-earth]]''. Ballantine.</ref> zato oni učili se kako kvenju tako i sindarinu, da by komunikovali s elfami, osobno s [[Noldor|Noldorami]] i Sindarami.<ref>[[Tolkien|Tolkien]] (1977), ''[[Quenta Silmarillion]]'', gl. 10 "O Sindarah"</ref> Do Tretjej Epohy, jednako, gnomi byli odčudženi od elfov i uže ne učili se rutinno jih jezyku, prědpočitajuči koristiti [[Vestron|vestron]]. == Dvě hronologije == Dlja skonstruovanyh jezykov Tolkiena trěba jest razlikovati dvě hronologije razvitja:<ref name="Hostetter2013">Hostetter (2013)</ref> * Jedna vněšnja, v kotoroj lingvističny vkus i koncepcije Tolkiena razvijali se<ref name="Hostetter2013"/> * Jedna vnutrěnja, skladajuča se iz poslědovateljnosti sobytij vnutri izmysljenoj historiji vtorogo světa Tolkiena<ref name="Hostetter2013"/> == Iztočniky == {{Iztočniky}} [[Kategorija:Umětne jezyky]] [[Kategorija:Jezyky Tolkiena]] [[Kategorija:Fikcijne jezyky]] {{Umětne jezyky}} {{Prěvod|en|Sindarin}} g8xxdtmvrq7hvl692evyurylzhn66dw 45573 45570 2026-08-12T12:11:23Z Panslavist 34 pravka 45573 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kartka jezyk | name = Sindarin | nativename = <center>'''sjn:''' ''({{Jezyky|sjn|Sindarin}}, ''Sindarin'')''</center> | image = | imagesize = 300px | imagecaption = | creator = [[John R. R. Tolkien]] | created = okolo od 1915 do 1973 | speakers = fiktivny jezyk | ref = | date = | script = * [[Tengvar]] (glavno) * [[Cirth|Kirt]] | official = | standards = | agency = | iso1 = nema | iso3 = sjn | family = * [[Umětne jezyky|Umětne jezyky]] ** Planovy *** [[Hudožne jezyky]] **** [[Izmysljene jezyky]] ***** [[Elfijske jezyky (Srědnozemje)|Elfijske jezyky]] ****** Sindarin }} '''Sindarin''' jest jednym iz [[Jezyky Tolkiena|skonstruovanyh jezykov]] stvorjenyh od [[John R. R. Tolkien|J. R. R. Tolkiena]] dlja koristjenja v jego fantastičnyh povědkah směstjenyh v [[Arda (Tolkien)|Ardě]], glavno v [[Srědzemje|Srědnozemju]]. Sindarin jest jednym iz mnogyh jezykov, ktorymi govoret [[Elf (Srědzemje)|elfy]]. Slovo '''Sindarin''' v jezyku [[Kvenja]] označa "sěro-elfijsky", zato že to byl jezyk sěryh elfov iz [[Beleriand|Belerianda]]. To byli elfy tretjego klana, ktore ostali v Beleriandě poslě Velikogo Putovanja. Jih jezyk oddalil se od jezyka jih srodnikov, ktori odpluli prěz morje. Sindarin proizhodi iz ranějšego jezyka zvanogo [[Telerin|obči telerin]], ktory razvil se iz [[Eldarin|občego eldarina]], rěči [[Eldar (Srědzemje)|Eldarov]] prěd jih razdělenjami, to jest tyh elfov, ktori rěšili slědovati za Valarom [[Oromë]] i prědprijeli Veliky Pohod do [[Valinor|Valinora]]. Daže prěd tym eldarijske elfy govorili originalnoju rěčju vsih elfov, ili [[Primitive Kvendi|primitivnym kvendi]]. V Tretjej Epohě (v času ''[[Vladar prstenjev|Vladara prstenjev]]''), sindarin byl jezykom najčesto govorjenym večinstvom elfov v zapadnoj česti Srědnozemja. Sindarin jest jezyk obyčno nazyvany ''elfijsky jezyk'' ili ''elfijska rěč'' v ''Vladaru prstenjev''. Kogda [[Noldor|Noldory]], ktori govorili jezykom [[kvenja]], povratili se do Srědnozemja, oni prijeli sindarinsky jezyk. Kvenja i sindarin byli spokrovnjene, s mnogymi srodnymi slovami, ale različali se veliko v gramatikě i strukturě. Govori se, že sindarin jest vyše izměnlivy něž kvenja, i v tečenju Prvoj Epohy bylo několiko regionalnyh dialektov. Rěč koriščena v [[Doriath (Srědnozemje)|Doriathu]] (dom [[Thingol|Tingola]], kralja Sindarov), znana kako doriatrinsky, byla nazyvana mnogymi sěrymi elfami najvysokoju i najšljahetnějšoju formoju jezyka. V Vtoroj Epohě, mnogi ljudi iz [[Númenor|Númenora]] plynno govorili na sindarinu. Jih potomki, [[Dúnedain|dúnedajny]] iz [[Gondor|Gondora]] i Arnora, prodolžali govoriti na sindarinu v Tretjej Epohě. Sindarin byl najprvo pisany koristajuči kirt, elfijsky runsky alfabet. Pozdněje, on byl obyčno pisany [[Tengvar|tengvarom]] (kvenja dlja 'bukvy') – pismom, ktore izmyslil elf [[Fëanor]]. Tolkien osnoval fonologiju i čest gramatiky sindarina na literarnom velšskom jezyku, a sindarin pokazivaje něktore mutacije suglasnikov, ktore harakterizujut keltske jezyky.<ref name=Burns>{{cite book |title=Perilous Realms: Celtic and Norse in Tolkien's Middle-earth |first=Marjorie |last=Burns |publisher=[[University of Toronto Press]] |year=2005 |page=21 |isbn=0-8020-3806-9}}</ref> Gnomi rědko učili drugyh [[Khuzdul|svojemu jezyku]],<ref name="Complete">[[Robert Foster (author)|Foster, Robert]] (1978) ''[[The Complete Guide to Middle-earth]]''. Ballantine.</ref> zato oni učili se kako kvenju tako i sindarinu, da by komunikovali s elfami, osobno s [[Noldor|Noldorami]] i Sindarami.<ref>[[Tolkien|Tolkien]] (1977), ''[[Quenta Silmarillion]]'', gl. 10 "O Sindarah"</ref> Do Tretjej Epohy, jednako, gnomi byli odčudženi od elfov i uže ne učili se rutinno jih jezyku, prědpočitajuči koristiti [[Vestron|vestron]]. == Dvě hronologije == Dlja skonstruovanyh jezykov Tolkiena trěba jest razlikovati dvě hronologije razvitja:<ref name="Hostetter2013">Hostetter (2013)</ref> * Jedna vněšnja, v kotoroj lingvističny vkus i koncepcije Tolkiena razvijali se<ref name="Hostetter2013"/> * Jedna vnutrěnja, skladajuča se iz poslědovateljnosti sobytij vnutri izmysljenoj historiji vtorogo světa Tolkiena<ref name="Hostetter2013"/> == Iztočniky == {{Iztočniky}} [[Kategorija:Umětne jezyky]] [[Kategorija:Jezyky Tolkiena]] [[Kategorija:Fikcijne jezyky]] {{Umětne jezyky}} {{Prěvod|en|Sindarin}} rj66vwgpe6fr5c0w1hx4ezzrf4svvmw 45575 45573 2026-08-12T12:16:14Z Panslavist 34 pravka 45575 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kartka jezyk | name = Sindarin | nativename = <center>'''sjn:''' ''({{Jezyky|sjn|Sindarin}}, ''Sindarin'')''</center> | image = | imagesize = 300px | imagecaption = | creator = [[John R. R. Tolkien]] | created = okolo od 1915 do 1973 | speakers = fiktivny jezyk | ref = | date = | script = * [[Tengvar]] (glavno) * [[Cirth|Kirt]] | official = | standards = | agency = | iso1 = nema | iso3 = sjn | family = * [[Umětne jezyky|Umětne jezyky]] ** Planovy *** [[Hudožne jezyky]] **** [[Izmysljene jezyky]] ***** [[Elfijske jezyky (Srědnozemje)|Elfijske jezyky]] ****** Sindarin }} '''Sindarin''' jest jednym iz [[Jezyky Tolkiena|skonstruovanyh jezykov]] stvorjenyh od [[John R. R. Tolkien|J. R. R. Tolkiena]] dlja koristjenja v jego fantastičnyh povědkah směstjenyh v [[Arda (Tolkien)|Ardě]], glavno v [[Srědzemje|Srědnozemju]]. sindarin jest jednym iz mnogyh jezykov, ktorymi govoret [[Elf (Srědzemje)|elfy]]. Slovo "'''Sindarin"''' v jezyku [[Kvenja]] označa "sěro-elfijsky", zato že to byl jezyk sěryh elfov iz [[Beleriand|Belerianda]]. To byli elfy tretjego klana, ktore ostali v Beleriandě poslě Velikogo Putovanja. Jih jezyk oddalil se od jezyka jih srodnikov, ktori odpluli prěz morje. Sindarin proizhodi iz ranějšego jezyka zvanogo [[Telerin|obči telerin]], ktory razvil se iz [[Eldarin|občego eldarina]], rěči [[Eldar (Srědzemje)|Eldarov]] prěd jih razdělenjami, to jest tyh elfov, ktori rěšili slědovati za Valarom [[Oromë]] i prědprijeli Veliky Pohod do [[Valinor|Valinora]]. Daže prěd tym eldarijske elfy govorili originalnoju rěčju vsih elfov, ili [[Primitive Kvendi|primitivnym kvendi]]. V Tretjej Epohě (v času ''[[Vladar prstenjev|Vladara prstenjev]]''), sindarin byl jezykom najčesto govorjenym večinstvom elfov v zapadnoj česti Srědnozemja. Sindarin jest jezyk obyčno nazyvany ''elfijsky jezyk'' ili ''elfijska rěč'' v ''Vladaru prstenjev''. Kogda [[Noldor|Noldory]], ktori govorili jezykom [[kvenja]], povratili se do Srědnozemja, oni prijeli sindarinsky jezyk. Kvenja i sindarin byli spokrovnjene, s mnogymi srodnymi slovami, ale različali se veliko v gramatikě i strukturě. Govori se, že sindarin jest vyše izměnlivy něž kvenja, i v tečenju Prvoj Epohy bylo několiko regionalnyh dialektov. Rěč koriščena v [[Doriath (Srědnozemje)|Doriathu]] (dom [[Thingol|Tingola]], kralja Sindarov), znana kako doriatrinsky, byla nazyvana mnogymi sěrymi elfami najvysokoju i najšljahetnějšoju formoju jezyka. V Vtoroj Epohě, mnogi ljudi iz [[Númenor|Númenora]] plynno govorili na sindarinu. Jih potomki, [[Dúnedain|dúnedajny]] iz [[Gondor|Gondora]] i Arnora, prodolžali govoriti na sindarinu v Tretjej Epohě. Sindarin byl najprvo pisany koristajuči kirt, elfijsky runsky alfabet. Pozdněje, on byl obyčno pisany [[Tengvar|tengvarom]] (kvenja dlja 'bukvy') – pismom, ktore izmyslil elf [[Fëanor]]. Tolkien osnoval fonologiju i čest gramatiky sindarina na literarnom velšskom jezyku, a sindarin pokazivaje něktore mutacije suglasnikov, ktore harakterizujut keltske jezyky.<ref name=Burns>{{cite book |title=Perilous Realms: Celtic and Norse in Tolkien's Middle-earth |first=Marjorie |last=Burns |publisher=[[University of Toronto Press]] |year=2005 |page=21 |isbn=0-8020-3806-9}}</ref> Gnomi rědko učili drugyh [[Khuzdul|svojemu jezyku]],<ref name="Complete">[[Robert Foster (author)|Foster, Robert]] (1978) ''[[The Complete Guide to Middle-earth]]''. Ballantine.</ref> zato oni učili se kako kvenju tako i sindarinu, da by komunikovali s elfami, osobno s [[Noldor|Noldorami]] i Sindarami.<ref>[[Tolkien|Tolkien]] (1977), ''[[Quenta Silmarillion]]'', gl. 10 "O Sindarah"</ref> Do Tretjej Epohy, jednako, gnomi byli odčudženi od elfov i uže ne učili se rutinno jih jezyku, prědpočitajuči koristiti [[Vestron|vestron]]. == Dvě hronologije == Dlja skonstruovanyh jezykov Tolkiena trěba jest razlikovati dvě hronologije razvitja:<ref name="Hostetter2013">Hostetter (2013)</ref> * Jedna vněšnja, v kotoroj lingvističny vkus i koncepcije Tolkiena razvijali se<ref name="Hostetter2013"/> * Jedna vnutrěnja, skladajuča se iz poslědovateljnosti sobytij vnutri izmysljenoj historiji vtorogo světa Tolkiena<ref name="Hostetter2013"/> == Iztočniky == {{Iztočniky}} [[Kategorija:Umětne jezyky]] [[Kategorija:Jezyky Tolkiena]] [[Kategorija:Fikcijne jezyky]] {{Umětne jezyky}} {{Prěvod|en|Sindarin}} ciyd2gz4zwh2x2vfm1y4ce0l939ar3f 45588 45575 2026-08-12T19:24:24Z Panslavist 34 pravka 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kartka jezyk | name = Sindarin | nativename = <center>'''sjn:''' ''({{Jezyky|sjn|Sindarin}}, ''Sindarin'')''</center> | image = | imagesize = 300px | imagecaption = | creator = [[John R. R. Tolkien]] | created = okolo od 1915 do 1973 | speakers = fiktivny jezyk | ref = | date = | script = * [[Tengvar]] (glavno) * [[Cirth|Kirt]] | official = | standards = | agency = | iso1 = nema | iso3 = sjn | family = * [[Umětne jezyky|Umětne jezyky]] ** Planovy *** [[Hudožne jezyky]] **** [[Izmysljene jezyky]] ***** [[Elfijske jezyky (Srědnozemje)|Elfijske jezyky]] ****** Sindarin }} '''Sindarin''' jest jednym iz [[Jezyky Tolkiena|skonstruovanyh jezykov]] stvorjenyh od [[John R. R. Tolkien|J. R. R. Tolkiena]] dlja koristjenja v jego fantastičnyh povědkah směstjenyh v [[Arda (Tolkien)|Ardě]], glavno v [[Srědzemje|Srědnozemju]]. sindarin jest jednym iz mnogyh jezykov, ktorymi govoret [[Elf (Srědzemje)|elfy]]. Slovo "'''Sindarin"''' v jezyku [[Kvenja]] označa "sěro-elfijsky", zato že to byl jezyk sěryh elfov iz [[Beleriand|Belerianda]]. To byli elfy tretjego klana, ktore ostali v Beleriandě poslě Velikogo Putovanja. Jih jezyk oddalil se od jezyka jih srodnikov, ktori odpluli prěz morje. Sindarin proizhodi iz ranějšego jezyka zvanogo [[Telerin|obči telerin]], ktory razvil se iz [[Eldarin|občego eldarina]], rěči [[Eldar (Srědzemje)|Eldarov]] prěd jih razdělenjami, to jest tyh elfov, ktori rěšili slědovati za Valarom [[Oromë]] i prědprijeli Veliky Pohod do [[Valinor|Valinora]]. Daže prěd tym eldarijske elfy govorili originalnoju rěčju vsih elfov, ili [[Primitive Kvendi|primitivnym kvendi]]. V Tretjej Epohě (v času ''[[Vladar prstenjev|Vladara prstenjev]]''), sindarin byl jezykom najčesto govorjenym večinstvom elfov v zapadnoj česti Srědnozemja. Sindarin jest jezyk obyčno nazyvany ''elfijsky jezyk'' ili ''elfijska rěč'' v ''Vladaru prstenjev''. Kogda [[Noldor|Noldory]], ktori govorili jezykom [[kvenja]], povratili se do Srědnozemja, oni prijeli sindarinsky jezyk. Kvenja i sindarin byli spokrovnjene, s mnogymi srodnymi slovami, ale različali se veliko v gramatikě i strukturě. Govori se, že sindarin jest vyše izměnlivy něž kvenja, i v tečenju Prvoj Epohy bylo několiko regionalnyh dialektov. Rěč koristana v [[Doriath (Srědnozemje)|Doriathu]] (dom [[Thingol|Tingola]], kralja Sindarov), znana kako doriatrinsky, byla nazyvana mnogymi sěrymi elfami najvysokoju i najšljahetnějšoju formoju jezyka. V Vtoroj Epohě, mnogi ljudi iz [[Númenor|Númenora]] plynno govorili na sindarinu. Jih potomki, [[Dúnedain|dúnedajny]] iz [[Gondor|Gondora]] i Arnora, prodolžali govoriti na sindarinu v Tretjej Epohě. Sindarin byl najprvo pisany koristajuči kirt, elfijsky runsky alfabet. Pozdněje, on byl obyčno pisany [[Tengvar|tengvarom]] (kvenja dlja 'bukvy') – pismom, ktore izmyslil elf [[Fëanor]]. Tolkien osnoval fonologiju i čest gramatiky sindarina na literarnom velšskom jezyku, a sindarin pokazivaje něktore mutacije suglasnikov, ktore harakterizujut keltske jezyky.<ref name=Burns>{{cite book |title=Perilous Realms: Celtic and Norse in Tolkien's Middle-earth |first=Marjorie |last=Burns |publisher=[[University of Toronto Press]] |year=2005 |page=21 |isbn=0-8020-3806-9}}</ref> Gnomi rědko učili drugyh [[Khuzdul|svojemu jezyku]],<ref name="Complete">[[Robert Foster (author)|Foster, Robert]] (1978) ''[[The Complete Guide to Middle-earth]]''. Ballantine.</ref> zato oni učili se kako kvenju tako i sindarinu, da by komunikovali s elfami, osobno s [[Noldor|Noldorami]] i Sindarami.<ref>[[Tolkien|Tolkien]] (1977), ''[[Quenta Silmarillion]]'', gl. 10 "O Sindarah"</ref> Do Tretjej Epohy, jednako, gnomi byli odčudženi od elfov i uže ne učili se rutinno jih jezyku, prědpočitajuči koristiti [[Vestron|vestron]]. == Dvě hronologije == Dlja skonstruovanyh jezykov Tolkiena trěba jest razlikovati dvě hronologije razvitja:<ref name="Hostetter2013">Hostetter (2013)</ref> * Jedna vněšnja, v kotoroj lingvističny vkus i koncepcije Tolkiena razvijali se<ref name="Hostetter2013"/> * Jedna vnutrěnja, skladajuča se iz poslědovateljnosti sobytij vnutri izmysljenoj historiji vtorogo světa Tolkiena<ref name="Hostetter2013"/> == Iztočniky == {{Iztočniky}} [[Kategorija:Umětne jezyky]] [[Kategorija:Jezyky Tolkiena]] [[Kategorija:Fikcijne jezyky]] {{Umětne jezyky}} {{Prěvod|en|Sindarin}} 7dpdo5quwa4k87effi04r7kvq8h5qns 0 6025 45624 45401 2026-08-13T07:41:55Z Ilja isv 10 45624 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kartka jezyk | name = Solresol | nativename = <center>''[[solfedžio]]'': Sol-Re-Sol</center> | image = Solresol-langage.svg | created = 1827 | creator = [[François Sudre|{{-|François Sudre|Франсуа Судр}}]] | fam1 = [[umětne jezyky]] | fam2 = [[Pomočny jezyk]], [[Umětne jezyky#A priori|a priori]] | fam3 = [[muzikalny jezyk]] | posteriori = [[Umětne jezyky#A priori|a priori]] | script = pismo Solresol ; [[solfedžio]]; [[noty]]; [[barvy spektra]] | sign = Podpisana notacija; [[tonic sol-fa]] znaky od [[John Curwen]] | iso3 = qso | iso3comment = [https://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/ (lokalno koristane)] | glotto = none | ietf = [https://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/ art-x-solresol] }} '''Solresol''' ([[Solfège]]: [[G (musična nota)|Sol]]-[[D (musična nota)|Re]]-[[G (musična nota)|Sol]]), původno nazyvany {{Lang|fr|Langue universelle}} (lit. 'Universalny jezyk') a potom {{Lang|fr|Langue musicale universelle}} ('Universalny musičny jezyk'), je [[Musičny jezyk|musičny]] [[konstruovany jezyk]] stvorjeny od francozskogo učiteľa musiky i kompozitora [[François Sudre|Jean-Françoisa Sudrea]] (1787–1862), počinajući v 1817. Njegova kniga definujuća to, {{Lang|fr|Langue Musicale Universelle}}, była publikovana posmrtno v 1866,<ref name="lmu1866">{{Cite book|last=Sudre|first=François|year=1866|title=Langue Musicale Universelle|url=https://www.ifost.org.au/~gregb/solresol/sudre-book.pdf|format=PDF|url-status=live|publication-place=[[Paris]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320142510if_/http://www.ifost.org.au/~gregb/solresol/sudre-book.pdf|archive-date=2012-03-20|archive-format=PDF|language=fr|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> iako je on već několik godin publiciral to. Solresol doživil kratky čas popularnosti v drugej polovici 19. stolěća i był sponzorovan od takyh osob jako [[Victor Hugo]], [[Alphonse de Lamartine]], [[Alexander von Humboldt]] i [[Napoleon III]],<ref name="pei">{{Cite book|last=Pei|first=Mario|author-link=Mario Pei|year=1969|title=Wanted: A World Language|type=Pamphlet|series=Public Affairs|volume=434|pages=11–12|publisher=Public Affairs Committee|publication-place=[[New York City]]|url=http://www.autodidactproject.org/other/pei_worldlg.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180125230417if_/http://www.autodidactproject.org/other/pei_worldlg.html|archive-date=2018-01-25|access-date=2025-11-28|df=mdy-all}}</ref> kulminujući s publikacijom [[Boleslas Gajewski|Boleslasa Gajewskogo]] {{Lang|fr|Grammaire du Solresol}} v 1902. Dnes, postoje male komunity entuzijastov Solresola rozsypane po cělem světě.<ref name="sidosi">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|title=Sidosi Home|url=https://www.sidosi.org/|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004090845if_/https://www.sidosi.org/|archive-date=2023-10-04|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> == Evolucija == Postoji několik verzij Solresola, každá s malymi razlikami. Tri glavne varijacije ktore su ješte v oběgu—Sudre, Gajewski i "Modern"—razlikuju se pretežno v različnyh elementah slovnika, a složaju se pretežno o gramatike. Sudre je stvoril jezyk, i tako njegova verzija zaslužuje nazv byti originalnom verzijom Solresola. Vincent Gajewski, parizsky profesor, popularizoval jezyk jako predsednik Centralnogo Komiteta za Studium i Napredovanje Solresola, ktory był osnovan v 1869 od Sudreove udovy, Joséphine, da bi dalje promoviral njegovo dělo. Boleslas Gajewski, Vincentov syn i sam profesor, formalizoval gramatiku i napisal definitivno dělo o jezyka: {{Language with name/for|fr|Grammaire du Solrésol|Gramatika Solresola}}.<ref name="grammar_eng">{{Cite web|last1=Gajewski|first1=Boleslas|last2=Rice|first2=Stephen L.|date=1997-11-19|orig-date=printed 1902 as {{Lang|fr|Grammaire du Solrésol}}, translated 1997|title=Grammar of Solresol, or the Universal Language of François Sudre|url=http://www.ptialaska.net/~srice/solresol/sorsoeng.htm|website=Stephen L. Rice: The Solresol Page|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070413035441if_/http://www.ptialaska.net/~srice/solresol/sorsoeng.htm|archive-date=2007-04-13|access-date=2019-09-29|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="grammar_pdf">{{Cite web|last=Gajewski|first=Boleslas|editor-last1=Rice|editor-first1=Stephen L.|editor-last2=Bigham|editor-first2=Doug|year=2005|orig-date=printed 1902 as {{Lang|fr|Grammaire du Solrésol}}, translated 1997 (Rice), revised 2005 (Bigham)|title=Grammar of Solresol, or the Universal Language of François Sudre|url=https://i.sidosi.org/resources/grammar-of-solresol-bigham/grammar-of-solresol-bigham.pdf|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217001045if_/https://i.sidosi.org/resources/grammar-of-solresol-bigham/grammar-of-solresol-bigham.pdf|archive-date=2019-12-17|access-date=2019-12-16|df=mdy-all}}</ref> To je najviše publicirana verzija Solresola, zahvaljujući překladu na anglijsky od Stephena L. Ricea iz 1997,{{R|grammar_pdf}}{{R|grammar_eng}} s znatnom količinom slovnika izměnjenogo od originala, kao i něktore gramatike. Jedny priměr je slovo ''fasol'', definovano kao "tutaj" v Sudreovom slovniku, ale "začto?" v Gajewskom. Tretja je neoficijalna verzija razvijana vremenom od komunity, nazvana "Moderny Solresol". Ona koristi Sudreovu verziju kao bazu, s prilagodbami gramatike i slovnika, takimi jako izměna definicij ''sisol'' i ''sila'' od značenja "Gospodin" i "Mlady muž" na sistem [[honorifik|honorifikov]] inspiriran onym koristanym v japonščině; oba su rodno-neutralne titule, jedna za byti poštivy, a druga za byti ljubazny.<ref name="Modern Solresol Dictionary">{{Cite web|last1=Osteen|first1=Garrison|last2=Walters|first2=Scott|last3=Parson|first3=Daniel|last4=Fernandez|first4=Tobias|date=2018-03-12|title=Solresol Dictionary Modernised|url=https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/182okssrHseIggjHGlzWyFH81-o8y8EsvQtJfPJYu6r8/edit|format=XLSX|website=Google Sheets|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250829164017if_/https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/182okssrHseIggjHGlzWyFH81-o8y8EsvQtJfPJYu6r8/edit|archive-date=2025-08-29|archive-format=XLSX|access-date=2019-12-22|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Gajewskogo publikacija donesla razne dodatky ktore ne konfliktu s originalnom verzijom jezyka, taki jako razne nove metody komunikacije,{{R|grammar_pdf|p=16}} vključujući: skup symbolov koristane sedmih barv duhy, i koristane [[tonic sol-fa]] za signiranje jezyka ==Fonologija== [[File:Solresol.svg|thumb|right|Sedm konvencionalnyh not, barv, sylab, čisel i glifov koristanyh za prenos fonemov Solresola]] Solresol może być komunikovany koristajući sedm različnyh predmetov, s maksimumom pet na slovo. Statistički, ty kombinacije daju sedm jedno-sylabnyh slov, 49 dvuh-sylabnyh, 336 tri-sylabnyh, 2.268 četyr-sylabnyh i 9.072 pet-sylabnyh, za ukupno 11.732 mogućih primarnyh slov.<ref name="pei" /> Glavna metoda komunikacije je koristane sedmih [[solfège]] sylab (forma [[solmizacija|solmizacije]]), ktore mogu byti akcentovane, prodloužene ili ponovljene. Najprostši način koristati ty sylaby je govoriti ih jako by one byly regularne [[sylaba|sylaby]]. Zbog togo že predchádza [[Medžunarodny fonetičny alfabet|IPA]], ne postoje posebna pravila izgovora izvan standardnyh čitanj solfège. Zbog togo že vsaka sylaba je dovoljno odlična, mogu byti izgovorjene skoro vsakym načinom ktory čytateľ preferuje.{{CitationNeeded|date=July 2025}} Sudre je izložil način transkripcije fonetiky francozskogo (i tako mnogih drugih jezykov) do Solresola, primarno koristany za vlastne imenice.{{r|lmu1866|p=32}} Koristajući občne izgovory kako su dane od strane [[Wiktionary|Vikislovnika]], je moguće rekonstruovati tabulu glasov koristajući modernu IPA. Zbog malog broja sylab, je potrebno ostaviti kratku pauzu medźu slovami tako da vsako slovo ostane jasno odvojeno. Kako je primetil Boleslas Gajewski: "člověk bi měl věnovati veliku pozornost pauzi po vsakom slovu; ta mala pauza je potrebna za odvajanje slov, tako da slušatelj ne bude zbunjen".{{R|grammar_eng|p=Reversed meanings}} ===Slovnik=== V Solresol [[morfologija (lingvistika)|morfologiji]], vsako slovo je poděleno na kategorije ili značenja ili funkcije, gdźe duža slova su občno specifičnjejša. Slova se razlikuju po treh glavnyh karakteristikah: početnoj sylabě, dužině slova, i tomu da li ima par ponovljenih sylab. Slova koja su jedna i dve sylaby duge su koristana za [[Zaimennik|zaimenniky]] i občne [[Gramatična čestica|čestice]], a ty s ponovljenimi sylabami su [[Gramatično vreme|vremena]]. Slova koja su jednu sylabu duga su posvećena slovima ktora su često koristana (v času stvorenja Solresola). Ty ktore uključuju ponavljajuće sylaby su rezervovane za "čisla, měsece goda, dni neděle i temperatury [pogodne uslove]", na pr. redodo "jedny", remimi "dva" (po Gajewskom). Slova koja su četyri sylaby duga spadaju v razne tematske kategorije. Na pr., slova počinjuća s 'sol', koja ne uključuju ponovljene sylaby, imaju značenja vezana za umetnosti ili nauky (na pr. soldoredo, "umetnost"; solmiredo, "akustika").{{r|lmu1866|p=22.V}} Však, ako slova koja su četyri sylaby duga imaju par ponovljenih sylab, njihova značenja se odnose na bolesti ili medicinu (na pr. solsolredo, "migrena"; solreresol, "ospice").{{r|lmu1866|p=23.VI}} Točnjejše, klase bez ponovljenih sylab su: ''do'': člověk, njegovo tělo i duh, intelektualne sposobnosti, kvalitete i hrana; ''re'': odeća, dom, domaćinstvo i porodica; ''mi'': činjenja človeka i njegove mane; ''fa'': selo, putovanja, vojna, more; ''sol'': lepe umetnosti i nauky; ''la'': industrija i trgovina; ''si'': město, vlada i administracija. S ponovljenimi sylabami, iste sylaby daju: ''do'': religija; ''re'': konstrukcija i razne obrti; ''mi'': predlogi, prislovne fraze i izolovane prislovy; ''fa'': bolesti; ''sol'': bolesti (nast.); ''la'': industrija i trgovina (jako u tipu bez ponavljanja); ''si'': pravda, magistratura i sudovi. Konačno, kombinacije pet sylab označavaju životinje, rośliny i minerale. Po defaultu, vse žive imenice i zaimenniky podrazuměvaju da su mužskogo roda. Za razlikovanje ženskogo roda, bar, [[pomišljaj|pomišljaj]] ili [[makron (diakritika)|makron]] se dodaje na konačnu sylabu odgovarajućeg člena ili samogo slova. V govoru, to se označava ponavljanjem vokala sylaby, s [[glotalna stop|glotalnom stopom]] koja odvaja ponovljenu vokalu od ostatka slova.{{r|lmu1866|p=24}} Však, v modernyh překladah, zaimenniky se ne měnje v zavisnosti od [[Gramatičny rod|roda]]. Umesto toga, oni se prosto prevode na anglijsky kao neutralne zaimenniky; it i they. Jedna unikatna karakteristika Solresola je da značenja mogu byti obrnuta obrtanjem sylab v slovah. Na pr. ''fala'' znači dobro ili ukusno, a ''lafa'' znači zlo. Prekidi v logičkom poredu slov v vsakoj kategoriji su občno uzrokovani tymi obrtivymi slovami.{{r|lmu1866|p=31.XXI}} {| style="background: transparent; border: hidden;" | style="padding: 0 2em;" | {| class="wikitable" | [[File:Solresol - misol.jpg|x88px]] | [[File:Solresol - solmi.jpg|x88px]] |- | style="text-align: center;" | '''misol''': "dobro" | style="text-align: center;" | '''solmi''': "zlo" |} | style="padding-left: 2em;" | {| class="wikitable" | [[File:Solresol - domisol.jpg|x88px]] | [[File:Solresol - solmido.jpg|x88px]] |- | style="text-align: center;" | '''domisol''': "[[Bog]]" | style="text-align: center;" | '''solmido''': "[[Djavol]]" |} |} Však, ne vsa slova su obrtiva v tom smyslu, taki jako ''dorefare'' znači vrat, a ''refaredo'' znači garderoba, ktore očigledno nisu suprotnosti. Slědujuća tabula pokazuje slova do dvuh sylab iz Gajewskogo slovnika: {| class="wikitable" ! {{Diagonal split header|style=height: 3em; width: 7em|1. syl.|2. syl.}} ! ''Nijedna'' ! style="background-color: #f69;" | -do ! style="background-color: #f96;" | -re ! style="background-color: #ff9;" | -mi ! style="background-color: #9f6;" | -fa ! style="background-color: #9ff;" | -sol ! style="background-color: #96f;" | -la ! style="background-color: #f9f;" | -si/-ti |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #f69;" | Do- | style="background-color: #f69;" | ne, ni, niti | style="background-color: #f69;" | (prošlo) | ja, mene || ty [sg] || on || se, sebe || jedny, někto || drugy |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #f96;" | Re- | style="background-color: #f96;" | i, tak jako | moj, moje | style="background-color: #f96;" | (pluperfekt) | tvoj, tvoje [sg] || njegov || naš, naše || vaš, vaše [pl] || njihov |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #ff9;" | Mi- | style="background-color: #ff9;" | ili, ili čak | za, da bi/da || ktory, koja (odnos. zaim.), že (veznik) | style="background-color: #ff9;" | (buduće) | čij, čija || dobro (prisl.) || tutaj je/tu je, gle || dobar večer/noć |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #9f6;" | Fa- | style="background-color: #9f6;" | k, ka | što? || s, sa, zajedno || ovaj, ova, ovo | style="background-color: #9f6;" | (kond.) | začto, iz kog razloga || dobro, ukusno, slasno || mnogo, velmi, krajno |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #9ff;" | Sol- | style="background-color: #9ff;" | ako | ale || v, unutra || zlo, loše (prisl.) || zato, jer | style="background-color: #9ff;" | (imperativ) | věčno, vsegda, bez konca || hvala, hvaly |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #96f;" | <span style="color: #000;">La-</span> | style="background-color: #96f;" | <span style="color: #000;">ty (člen)</span> | ničto, nikto, nijedny || od, po || tutaj, tam || zlo, loše || nikogda, nikad | style="background-color: #96f;" | <span style="color: #000;">(prezentni participij)</span> od, iz ! scope="row" style="background-color: #f9f;" Si-/Ti- style="background-color: #f9f;" da, dobro, rado, složeno isto (stvar) vsaky, každy dobro jutro/popoldne malo, jedva gospodin, pan mlady muž, neženja style="background-color: #f9f;" (pasivny participij) } Određeny člen ima razne forme za [[Nominativ|nominativny]], [[Genitiv|genitivny]] i [[Dativ|dativny]] padež, ili, v anglijskom, za "the", "to the" i "of the": 'la', 'fa' i 'lasi', po redu.{{r|lmu1866|p=23-24.VII-VIII}} ==Gramatika== Osim naglaska i dužiny, slova Solresola se ne inflektuju. Da bi rečenice ostale jasne, posebno s mogućnošću gubitka informacij pri komunikaciji, odredjene časti řeči sleduju strog slovored. :Prěvjesniki vsegda sleduju imenicu ktoru određuju. :Nepremni objekty vsegda dolaze poslě glagola.{{r|lmu1866|p=26.XII}} :Priměry dane v originalnoj dokumentaciji ukazuju na [[subjekt–glagol–objekt slovored|slovored subjekt–glagol–objekt]],{{R|lmu1866|p=29.XVII}} však, to ne bi mělo imati značenje dok rečenica ostaje prosta i jasna. :Vremena vsegda prethode glagolom.{{r|lmu1866|p=30.XIX}} Da bi se slovo stvorilo u množini, [[akút|akútny naglasak]] se dodaje iznad poslednje sylaby, ktory se v govoru izgovara produženjem poslednje bukvy te sylaby.{{r|lmu1866|p=24.IX}} Priměry kako označiti množinu mužskih i ženskih slov: :''resimire'' brat, ''resimirē/resimire-e'' sestra :''resimiré'' bracia, ''resimiréē/resimiré-e'' sestry To utiče samo na prvo slovo v [[imenična fraza|imeničnoj frazi]]. To jest, utiče samo na imenicu kada je imenica sama, jako iznad. Ako je slovo popraćeno gramatičkom česticom (la, fa ili lasi), čestica će nositi oznaku roda i/ili broja umesto toga: :''la resimire'' [ty] brat, ''lā/la-a resimire'' [ta] sestra :''lá resimire'' [ty] bracia, ''láā/lá-a resimire'' [ty] sestry Časti řeči (jako i specifičnjejše definicije za něktora slova) se izvode iz glagol postavljanjem [[cirkumfleks|cirkumfleksa]] iznad jedne od sylab v pisanju, i izgovaranjem te sylaby s [[Glossary of music terminology#R|rinforzando]] (iznenadny naglasak ili [[Dynamics (music)#Gradual changes|crescendo]]). S naglaskom postavljenim na prvu sylabu, slovo postaje imenica. V četyri-sylabnyh slovah, naglašavanje druge sylaby stvara imenicu činitelja. [[Penult]]imna sylaba stvara prěvjesnik, a poslednja stvara prislov.{{r|lmu1866|p=25.XI}} Na pr., :''midofa'' preferovati, ''mîdofa'' preferencija, ''midôfa'' preferabilny, ''midofâ'' preferabilno :''resolmila'' nastaviti, ''rêsolmila'' nastavjenje, ''resôlmila'' jedny ktory nastavlja, ''resolmîla'' staly, ''resolmilâ'' stalno Na kompjuteryh koristajući rasporede klavijatur bez cirkumfleksa, sylaba może być napisana velikimi bukvami, ili [[caret]] postavljen medźu bukvy sylaby ili poslě sylaby. Zbog gramatike i slovoreda Solresola, razlikovanje častij řeči občno nije potrebno za razuměnje rečenice. Razne [[tense–aspect–mood|vremensko-načinske]] čestice su dvojne sylaby, kako je dato u slovniku iznad. Dodatno, po Gajewskom, pasivne glagoly se tvore s ''faremi'' medźu tom česticom i glagolom. Subjunktiv se tvori s ''mire'' pred zaimennikom. Negacija ''do'' se pojavljuje samo jednom v klauzi, pred slovom koje negira. Slovo ''fasi'' pred imenicom ili prěvjesnikom je [[augmentativ|augmentativno]]; poslě njega je [[Degrees of comparison of adjectives and adverbs|superlativ]]. ''Sifa'' je suprotnost ([[diminutiv|diminutivno]]):{{r|lmu1866|p=21.III}} :''fala'' dobro, ''fasi fala'' velmi dobro, ''fala fasi'' odlično, najbolje; ''sifa fala'' dobro (ali ne odlično), ''fala sifa'' ne velmi dobro (i slično s ''lafa'' zlo) :''sisire'' vjetar, ''fasi sisire'' oluja, ''sisire fasi'' ciklon; ''sifa sisire'' povjetarac, ''sisire sifa'' kretanje vazduha Pitanja Pitanja v Solresolu ne dobijaju mnogo pažnje u originalnoj dokumentaciji, niti imaju mnogo priměrov. Sudreova publikacija uključuje tri priměra upitnyh rečenic:{{r|lmu1866|p=127}} :Je vaše zdravlje dobro? – Redofafa? :Hoćete li ići na selo ove godine? – Fadoremi? :Hoćete li ići u pozorište večeras? – Soldoremi? Da bi se to stvorilo kao potvrdna izjava, dodaje se osobny zaimennik poslě: :Moje zdravlje je dobro. – Redofafa dore. :Ići ću na selo ove godine. – Fadoremi dore. :Ići ću u pozorište večeras. – Soldoremi dore. Gajewski umesto toga postavlja subjekt rečenice poslě glagola umesto pred glagolom, konstrukcija občna v evropskih jezycich. Nektery priměry su:{{R|grammar_eng|p=Interrogation and Negation}} :Jesam li? – Faremi dore? :Razumije li on? – Falafa dofa? :Učite li? – Sidosi domi? V vsih verzijah jezyka, postoje slova četyri sylaby duga, ponovljena "Mi" sekcija slovnika koja uključuje neka občna pitanja, taki jako:{{r|lmu1866|p=109.123}} :Miladodo? – Do kogo stepena/mjere? :Milarere? – Dobro? :Misirere? – Kto je to? ==Solresol pismo== [[File:Solresol symbols.svg|thumb|Symboly Solresola]] Pismo koristano v Solresolu sastoji se od sedmih unikatnyh symbolov, vsaky predstavljajući jednu od sedmih "not". Na pr., "[[C (musična nota)|Do]]" je krug, a "[[G (musična nota)|Sol]]" je horizontalna linija. Slova Solresola se tvore povezivanjem symbolov v poredu kako se pojavljuju v slovu. Dvojne note se predstavljaju križanjem symbola. [[File:Solresol words.svg|thumb|Nekta osnovna slova Solresola]] Druge karakteristike Nepristrasny i relativno prosty Integrovane sistemy ([[znakovny jezyk|znakovny jezyk]], barvy, itd.) za većinu [[invaliditet|ometenj]], odmah operativne bez posebnogo učenja Brzo uspěšno učenje za nepismene (samo sedm sylab ili znakov ili deset bukv za znati i prepoznati) Vrlo prosty ali efektivny sistem za razlikovanje funkcij slov v rečenicah Koristajući [[tonic sol-fa]] sistem od [[John Curwen|Johna Curwena]], Solresol może też być [[znakovny jezyk|znakovano]]. Daljnji razvoj Drugi način koristania Solresola se naziva ''ses'', razvijen od [[C. George Boeree|C. Georgea Boereea]].<ref name="loan_words">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|title=Using loan words in Solresol|url=https://www.tumblr.com/sidosi/181390815161/using-loan-words-in-solresol|website=Tumblr|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251128152044if_/https://www.tumblr.com/sidosi/181390815161/using-loan-words-in-solresol|archive-date=2025-11-28|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Koristajući to, note dobijaju reprezentativne konsonante i vokale (ili diftongy). Najprostša slova koriste samo vokalu, dok vsa druga koriste složenjejšu strukturu sylab. do ⇒ p / o re ⇒ k / e mi ⇒ m / i fa ⇒ f / a sol ⇒ s / u la ⇒ l / au ti ⇒ t / ai Na ovaj način, można pisati ili izgovarati slova taki jako to: : sol-sol-re-do ⇒ suko (cvcv) – migrena Zato što se množina i ženske forme slov u Solresolu označavaju naglaskom ili dužinom glasov, ses koristi ''pau'' (nektory) ili ''fai'' (mnogo) za označavanje množiny, i ''mu'' (dobro) za označavanje ženskogo roda kogda je potrebno. == Kodiranje == Zahtev za [[ISO 639-3]] jezykovy kod, privremeno predloženy jako {{Code|sud}}, był upućen [[SIL Global|SIL-u]] 28 avgusta 2017,<ref name="sil_change">{{Cite web|author=SIL International|author-link=SIL Global|date=2017-08-28|title=ISO 639-3 Registration Authority Request for Change No. 2017-032|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032.pdf|website=ISO 639-3|publication-place=[[Dallas]]|format=PDF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605171450if_/https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032.pdf|archive-date=2019-06-05|archive-format=PDF|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="sil_new">{{Cite web|author=SIL International|author-link=SIL Global|date=2017-08-28|title=Request for New Language Code Element in ISO 639-3: [sud]|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032_sud.pdf|website=ISO 639-3|publication-place=[[Dallas]]|format=PDF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605171450if_/https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032_sud.pdf|archive-date=2019-06-05|archive-format=PDF|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="sidosi_request">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|date=2017-07-28|title=The Road to ISO 639-3|url=https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=310|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230829154231if_/https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=310|archive-date=2023-08-29|access-date=2018-10-22|df=mdy-all}}</ref> ale był odrinuły 23 janvara 2018.<ref name="sil_rejection">{{Cite web|author=SIL International|author-link=SIL Global|date=2018-01-23|title=Comments received for ISO 639-3 Change Request 2017-032|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/CR_Comments_2017-032.pdf|website=ISO 639-3|publication-place=[[Dallas]]|format=PDF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605171452if_/https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/CR_Comments_2017-032.pdf|archive-date=2019-06-05|archive-format=PDF|page=2|access-date=2019-09-27|df=mdy-all|quote=Zahtev za stvorenje koda [sud] za Solresol je odrinuły.}}</ref><ref name="sidosi_rejection">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|date=2018-02-01|title=Beyond ISO 639-3 (for now)|url=https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=350|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230829153926if_/https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=350|archive-date=2023-08-29|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Solresol je dobil kody {{Code|qso}} i {{Code|art-x-solresol}} v [[Codes for constructed languages|ConLang Code Registry]].<ref name="clcr">{{Cite web|last=Bettencourt|first=Rebecca G.|date=2015-01-08|title=ConLang Code Registry|url=https://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/|website=Kreative Korporation|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221127152005if_/http://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/|archive-date=2022-11-27|access-date=2021-04-06|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Sedm osnovnyh symbolov bylo predloženo za registraciju v [[ConScript Unicode Registry]].<ref name="csur">{{Cite web|last=Everson|first=Michael|author-link=Michael Everson|date=1997-01-21|title=Solresol: U+E770–U+E77F|url=https://www.evertype.com/standards/csur/solresol.html|website=ConScript Unicode Registry|publisher=Evertype|publication-place=[[Lecanvey]], [[Ireland]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417191120if_/https://www.evertype.com/standards/csur/solresol.html|archive-date=2021-04-17|access-date=2021-04-06|df=mdy-all}}</ref> == Priměrne teksty == ; Član 1 ''[[Universalne deklaracije človečih prav]]'' v anglijskom : ''All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.''<ref name="undr">{{Cite wikisource|author=United Nations Commission on Human Rights|author-link=Drafting of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights|date=1948-12-10|title=Universal Declaration of Human Rights|wsat=Article 1|scan=Page:Universal Declaration of Human Rights.djvu/2|publisher=[[United Nations]]|location=[[Paris]]|iconfirst=yes|nolink=yes}}</ref> ; Isti tekst v Solresolu : Siré misolredo faremi doredore domisimi re misóla, solfalafá dósila re réfasi. Dófa faremi remila fare dômilafa re dôfasifa, re fafa fasolfa midolǎ fare dômisola lasi sîmisila. ; Predstavlene koristajući ''ses'' Solresol : Sé muro fem pepe omúm e múl, salá ósau e éfai. Óf fem ril fe ômauf e ôfaif, e fa fuf ipǎu fe ômul lai âimail. Također vidźte [[Musičny jezyk]] [[Solfège]] [[Tonic sol-fa]] [[Voyage to Faremido]] [[Ro jezyk]] ==Literatura== {{Reflist}} == Daljnje čitanje == {{Cite book|last=Sudre|first=François|year=1866|title=Langue Musicale Universelle|url=http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/ladosol.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070831060525if_/http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/ladosol.html|archive-date=2007-08-31|publication-place=Paris|language=fr}} – HTML verzija celogo teksta Sudreovogo toma iz 1866, s originalnym [https://web.archive.org/web/20070831061613if_/http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/lrls_sosfs.html slovnikom] i [https://web.archive.org/web/20080310234035/http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/solrelaF.html frazeologijom] (v francozskom). {{Cite book|last1=Couturat|first1=Louis|last2=Leau|first2=Léopold|year=1903|title=Histoire de la Langue Universelle|url=https://archive.org/details/histoiredelalang00coutuoft|publisher=Librairie Hachette|publication-place=[[Paris]]|language=fr|access-date=2025-11-28|df=mdy-all}} {{Cite book|last=Eco|first=Umberto|author-link=Umberto Eco|date=1997-04-08|title=The Search for the Perfect Language|url=https://archive.org/details/searchforperfect00ecou|publisher=[[Wiley-Blackwell]]|publication-place=[[Cambridge, Massachusetts|Cambridge, Mass.]]|edition=1|series=The Making of Europe|isbn=978-0-631-20510-4|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}} ==Zewnętrzne linky== {{Commons category|Solresol}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20191115021254if_/https://www.omniglot.com/writing/solresol.htm Solresol jezyk i stenografično pismo] na Omniglot, online enciklopediji sistemov pisanja i jezykov Anglijsko-Solresol slovniky od [https://web.archive.org/web/20250121193252if_/http://www.datapacrat.com/True/LANG/SOLRESOL/DICTIONA.HTM Jasona Hutchensa] (6 julija 1998) i [https://web.archive.org/web/20100923132246if_/http://www.ifost.org.au/~gregb/solresol/sorsolex.htm Stephena L. Ricea] (19 novembra 1997) [https://web.archive.org/web/20231130083816if_/http://sharyphil.com/root/solresol-the-project/ SolReSol: Projekt v0.95] od Phila Sharyja, open source Solresol–anglijsky i anglijsky–Solresol překladateľsky program za Windows (32- i 64-bitny) s live MIDI podporom (24 februara 2015) [https://web.archive.org/web/20250818235352if_/https://wiki.xxiivv.com/site/solresol.html Moderny Simetričny Solresol] od Davida Mondou-Labbého (28 septembra 2023) [https://eliseduv.dev/solresol/ Překladač Anglijsky↔Solresol] {{Konstruovane jezyky}} {{Autoritetna kontrola}} {{Umětne jezyky}} [[Kategorija:1827 introdukcije]] [[Kategorija:Analitične jezyky]] [[Kategorija:Konstruovane jezyky]] [[Kategorija:Medžunarodne pomočne jezyky]] [[Kategorija:jezyky potvrđene od 1820-tyh]] [[Kategorija:Musične jezyky]] cqt1l4k2vzivdpmkdyx96i271hj7hat 45625 45624 2026-08-13T07:46:28Z Ilja isv 10 45625 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kartka jezyk | name = Solresol | nativename = <center>''[[solfedžio]]'': Sol-Re-Sol</center> | image = Solresol-langage.svg | created = 1827 | creator = [[François Sudre|{{-|François Sudre|Франсуа Судр}}]] | fam1 = [[umětne jezyky]] | fam2 = [[Pomočny jezyk]], [[Umětne jezyky#A priori|a priori]] | fam3 = [[muzikalny jezyk]] | posteriori = [[Umětne jezyky#A priori|a priori]] | script = pismo Solresol ; [[solfedžio]]; [[noty]]; [[barvy spektra]] | sign = Podpisana notacija; [[tonic sol-fa]] znaky od [[John Curwen]] | iso3 = qso | iso3comment = [https://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/ (lokalno koristane)] | glotto = none | ietf = [https://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/ art-x-solresol] }} '''Solresol''' ([[solfedžio]]: [[G (muzikalna nota)|Sol]]-[[D (muzikalna nota)|Re]]-[[G (muzikalna nota)|Sol]]), prvonačelno nazyvany {{Lang|fr|Langue universelle}} (bukv. 'Universalny jezyk') a potom {{Lang|fr|Langue musicale universelle}} ('Universalny muzikalny jezyk'), je [[muzikalny jezyk|muzikalny]] [[umětny jezyk]] stvorjeny od francozskogo učiteľa musiky i kompozitora [[François Sudre|Jean-Françoisa Sudrea]] (1787–1862), počinajući v 1817. Njegova kniga definujuća to, {{Lang|fr|Langue Musicale Universelle}}, była publikovana posmrtno v 1866,<ref name="lmu1866">{{Cite book|last=Sudre|first=François|year=1866|title=Langue Musicale Universelle|url=https://www.ifost.org.au/~gregb/solresol/sudre-book.pdf|format=PDF|url-status=live|publication-place=[[Paris]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320142510if_/http://www.ifost.org.au/~gregb/solresol/sudre-book.pdf|archive-date=2012-03-20|archive-format=PDF|language=fr|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> iako je on već několik godin publiciral to. Solresol doživil kratky čas popularnosti v drugej polovici 19. stolěća i był sponzorovan od takyh osob jako [[Victor Hugo]], [[Alphonse de Lamartine]], [[Alexander von Humboldt]] i [[Napoleon III]],<ref name="pei">{{Cite book|last=Pei|first=Mario|author-link=Mario Pei|year=1969|title=Wanted: A World Language|type=Pamphlet|series=Public Affairs|volume=434|pages=11–12|publisher=Public Affairs Committee|publication-place=[[New York City]]|url=http://www.autodidactproject.org/other/pei_worldlg.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180125230417if_/http://www.autodidactproject.org/other/pei_worldlg.html|archive-date=2018-01-25|access-date=2025-11-28|df=mdy-all}}</ref> kulminujući s publikacijom [[Boleslas Gajewski|Boleslasa Gajewskogo]] {{Lang|fr|Grammaire du Solresol}} v 1902. Dnes, postoje male komunity entuzijastov Solresola rozsypane po cělem světě.<ref name="sidosi">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|title=Sidosi Home|url=https://www.sidosi.org/|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004090845if_/https://www.sidosi.org/|archive-date=2023-10-04|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> == Evolucija == Postoji několik verzij Solresola, každá s malymi razlikami. Tri glavne varijacije ktore su ješte v oběgu—Sudre, Gajewski i "Modern"—razlikuju se pretežno v različnyh elementah slovnika, a složaju se pretežno o gramatike. Sudre je stvoril jezyk, i tako njegova verzija zaslužuje nazv byti originalnom verzijom Solresola. Vincent Gajewski, parizsky profesor, popularizoval jezyk jako predsednik Centralnogo Komiteta za Studium i Napredovanje Solresola, ktory był osnovan v 1869 od Sudreove udovy, Joséphine, da bi dalje promoviral njegovo dělo. Boleslas Gajewski, Vincentov syn i sam profesor, formalizoval gramatiku i napisal definitivno dělo o jezyka: {{Language with name/for|fr|Grammaire du Solrésol|Gramatika Solresola}}.<ref name="grammar_eng">{{Cite web|last1=Gajewski|first1=Boleslas|last2=Rice|first2=Stephen L.|date=1997-11-19|orig-date=printed 1902 as {{Lang|fr|Grammaire du Solrésol}}, translated 1997|title=Grammar of Solresol, or the Universal Language of François Sudre|url=http://www.ptialaska.net/~srice/solresol/sorsoeng.htm|website=Stephen L. Rice: The Solresol Page|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070413035441if_/http://www.ptialaska.net/~srice/solresol/sorsoeng.htm|archive-date=2007-04-13|access-date=2019-09-29|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="grammar_pdf">{{Cite web|last=Gajewski|first=Boleslas|editor-last1=Rice|editor-first1=Stephen L.|editor-last2=Bigham|editor-first2=Doug|year=2005|orig-date=printed 1902 as {{Lang|fr|Grammaire du Solrésol}}, translated 1997 (Rice), revised 2005 (Bigham)|title=Grammar of Solresol, or the Universal Language of François Sudre|url=https://i.sidosi.org/resources/grammar-of-solresol-bigham/grammar-of-solresol-bigham.pdf|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217001045if_/https://i.sidosi.org/resources/grammar-of-solresol-bigham/grammar-of-solresol-bigham.pdf|archive-date=2019-12-17|access-date=2019-12-16|df=mdy-all}}</ref> To je najviše publicirana verzija Solresola, zahvaljujući překladu na anglijsky od Stephena L. Ricea iz 1997,{{R|grammar_pdf}}{{R|grammar_eng}} s znatnom količinom slovnika izměnjenogo od originala, kao i něktore gramatike. Jedny priměr je slovo ''fasol'', definovano kao "tutaj" v Sudreovom slovniku, ale "začto?" v Gajewskom. Tretja je neoficijalna verzija razvijana vremenom od komunity, nazvana "Moderny Solresol". Ona koristi Sudreovu verziju kao bazu, s prilagodbami gramatike i slovnika, takimi jako izměna definicij ''sisol'' i ''sila'' od značenja "Gospodin" i "Mlady muž" na sistem [[honorifik|honorifikov]] inspiriran onym koristanym v japonščině; oba su rodno-neutralne titule, jedna za byti poštivy, a druga za byti ljubazny.<ref name="Modern Solresol Dictionary">{{Cite web|last1=Osteen|first1=Garrison|last2=Walters|first2=Scott|last3=Parson|first3=Daniel|last4=Fernandez|first4=Tobias|date=2018-03-12|title=Solresol Dictionary Modernised|url=https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/182okssrHseIggjHGlzWyFH81-o8y8EsvQtJfPJYu6r8/edit|format=XLSX|website=Google Sheets|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250829164017if_/https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/182okssrHseIggjHGlzWyFH81-o8y8EsvQtJfPJYu6r8/edit|archive-date=2025-08-29|archive-format=XLSX|access-date=2019-12-22|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Gajewskogo publikacija donesla razne dodatky ktore ne konfliktu s originalnom verzijom jezyka, taki jako razne nove metody komunikacije,{{R|grammar_pdf|p=16}} vključujući: skup symbolov koristane sedmih barv duhy, i koristane [[tonic sol-fa]] za signiranje jezyka ==Fonologija== [[File:Solresol.svg|thumb|right|Sedm konvencionalnyh not, barv, sylab, čisel i glifov koristanyh za prenos fonemov Solresola]] Solresol może być komunikovany koristajući sedm različnyh predmetov, s maksimumom pet na slovo. Statistički, ty kombinacije daju sedm jedno-sylabnyh slov, 49 dvuh-sylabnyh, 336 tri-sylabnyh, 2.268 četyr-sylabnyh i 9.072 pet-sylabnyh, za ukupno 11.732 mogućih primarnyh slov.<ref name="pei" /> Glavna metoda komunikacije je koristane sedmih [[solfedžio]] sylab (forma [[solmizacija|solmizacije]]), ktore mogu byti akcentovane, prodloužene ili ponovljene. Najprostši način koristati ty sylaby je govoriti ih jako by one byly regularne [[sylaba|sylaby]]. Zbog togo že predchádza [[Medžunarodny fonetičny alfabet|IPA]], ne postoje posebna pravila izgovora izvan standardnyh čitanj solfège. Zbog togo že vsaka sylaba je dovoljno odlična, mogu byti izgovorjene skoro vsakym načinom ktory čytateľ preferuje.{{CitationNeeded|date=July 2025}} Sudre je izložil način transkripcije fonetiky francozskogo (i tako mnogih drugih jezykov) do Solresola, primarno koristany za vlastne imenice.{{r|lmu1866|p=32}} Koristajući občne izgovory kako su dane od strane [[Wiktionary|Vikislovnika]], je moguće rekonstruovati tabulu glasov koristajući modernu IPA. Zbog malog broja sylab, je potrebno ostaviti kratku pauzu medźu slovami tako da vsako slovo ostane jasno odvojeno. Kako je primetil Boleslas Gajewski: "člověk bi měl věnovati veliku pozornost pauzi po vsakom slovu; ta mala pauza je potrebna za odvajanje slov, tako da slušatelj ne bude zbunjen".{{R|grammar_eng|p=Reversed meanings}} ===Slovnik=== V Solresol [[morfologija (lingvistika)|morfologiji]], vsako slovo je poděleno na kategorije ili značenja ili funkcije, gdźe duža slova su občno specifičnjejša. Slova se razlikuju po treh glavnyh karakteristikah: početnoj sylabě, dužině slova, i tomu da li ima par ponovljenih sylab. Slova koja su jedna i dve sylaby duge su koristana za [[Zaimennik|zaimenniky]] i občne [[Gramatična čestica|čestice]], a ty s ponovljenimi sylabami su [[Gramatično vreme|vremena]]. Slova koja su jednu sylabu duga su posvećena slovima ktora su često koristana (v času stvorenja Solresola). Ty ktore uključuju ponavljajuće sylaby su rezervovane za "čisla, měsece goda, dni neděle i temperatury [pogodne uslove]", na pr. redodo "jedny", remimi "dva" (po Gajewskom). Slova koja su četyri sylaby duga spadaju v razne tematske kategorije. Na pr., slova počinjuća s 'sol', koja ne uključuju ponovljene sylaby, imaju značenja vezana za umetnosti ili nauky (na pr. soldoredo, "umetnost"; solmiredo, "akustika").{{r|lmu1866|p=22.V}} Však, ako slova koja su četyri sylaby duga imaju par ponovljenih sylab, njihova značenja se odnose na bolesti ili medicinu (na pr. solsolredo, "migrena"; solreresol, "ospice").{{r|lmu1866|p=23.VI}} Točnjejše, klase bez ponovljenih sylab su: ''do'': člověk, njegovo tělo i duh, intelektualne sposobnosti, kvalitete i hrana; ''re'': odeća, dom, domaćinstvo i porodica; ''mi'': činjenja človeka i njegove mane; ''fa'': selo, putovanja, vojna, more; ''sol'': lepe umetnosti i nauky; ''la'': industrija i trgovina; ''si'': město, vlada i administracija. S ponovljenimi sylabami, iste sylaby daju: ''do'': religija; ''re'': konstrukcija i razne obrti; ''mi'': predlogi, prislovne fraze i izolovane prislovy; ''fa'': bolesti; ''sol'': bolesti (nast.); ''la'': industrija i trgovina (jako u tipu bez ponavljanja); ''si'': pravda, magistratura i sudovi. Konačno, kombinacije pet sylab označavaju životinje, rośliny i minerale. Po defaultu, vse žive imenice i zaimenniky podrazuměvaju da su mužskogo roda. Za razlikovanje ženskogo roda, bar, [[pomišljaj|pomišljaj]] ili [[makron (diakritika)|makron]] se dodaje na konačnu sylabu odgovarajućeg člena ili samogo slova. V govoru, to se označava ponavljanjem vokala sylaby, s [[glotalna stop|glotalnom stopom]] koja odvaja ponovljenu vokalu od ostatka slova.{{r|lmu1866|p=24}} Však, v modernyh překladah, zaimenniky se ne měnje v zavisnosti od [[Gramatičny rod|roda]]. Umesto toga, oni se prosto prevode na anglijsky kao neutralne zaimenniky; it i they. Jedna unikatna karakteristika Solresola je da značenja mogu byti obrnuta obrtanjem sylab v slovah. Na pr. ''fala'' znači dobro ili ukusno, a ''lafa'' znači zlo. Prekidi v logičkom poredu slov v vsakoj kategoriji su občno uzrokovani tymi obrtivymi slovami.{{r|lmu1866|p=31.XXI}} {| style="background: transparent; border: hidden;" | style="padding: 0 2em;" | {| class="wikitable" | [[File:Solresol - misol.jpg|x88px]] | [[File:Solresol - solmi.jpg|x88px]] |- | style="text-align: center;" | '''misol''': "dobro" | style="text-align: center;" | '''solmi''': "zlo" |} | style="padding-left: 2em;" | {| class="wikitable" | [[File:Solresol - domisol.jpg|x88px]] | [[File:Solresol - solmido.jpg|x88px]] |- | style="text-align: center;" | '''domisol''': "[[Bog]]" | style="text-align: center;" | '''solmido''': "[[Djavol]]" |} |} Však, ne vsa slova su obrtiva v tom smyslu, taki jako ''dorefare'' znači vrat, a ''refaredo'' znači garderoba, ktore očigledno nisu suprotnosti. Slědujuća tabula pokazuje slova do dvuh sylab iz Gajewskogo slovnika: {| class="wikitable" ! {{Diagonal split header|style=height: 3em; width: 7em|1. syl.|2. syl.}} ! ''Nijedna'' ! style="background-color: #f69;" | -do ! style="background-color: #f96;" | -re ! style="background-color: #ff9;" | -mi ! style="background-color: #9f6;" | -fa ! style="background-color: #9ff;" | -sol ! style="background-color: #96f;" | -la ! style="background-color: #f9f;" | -si/-ti |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #f69;" | Do- | style="background-color: #f69;" | ne, ni, niti | style="background-color: #f69;" | (prošlo) | ja, mene || ty [sg] || on || se, sebe || jedny, někto || drugy |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #f96;" | Re- | style="background-color: #f96;" | i, tak jako | moj, moje | style="background-color: #f96;" | (pluperfekt) | tvoj, tvoje [sg] || njegov || naš, naše || vaš, vaše [pl] || njihov |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #ff9;" | Mi- | style="background-color: #ff9;" | ili, ili čak | za, da bi/da || ktory, koja (odnos. zaim.), že (veznik) | style="background-color: #ff9;" | (buduće) | čij, čija || dobro (prisl.) || tutaj je/tu je, gle || dobar večer/noć |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #9f6;" | Fa- | style="background-color: #9f6;" | k, ka | što? || s, sa, zajedno || ovaj, ova, ovo | style="background-color: #9f6;" | (kond.) | začto, iz kog razloga || dobro, ukusno, slasno || mnogo, velmi, krajno |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #9ff;" | Sol- | style="background-color: #9ff;" | ako | ale || v, unutra || zlo, loše (prisl.) || zato, jer | style="background-color: #9ff;" | (imperativ) | věčno, vsegda, bez konca || hvala, hvaly |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #96f;" | <span style="color: #000;">La-</span> | style="background-color: #96f;" | <span style="color: #000;">ty (člen)</span> | ničto, nikto, nijedny || od, po || tutaj, tam || zlo, loše || nikogda, nikad | style="background-color: #96f;" | <span style="color: #000;">(prezentni participij)</span> od, iz ! scope="row" style="background-color: #f9f;" Si-/Ti- style="background-color: #f9f;" da, dobro, rado, složeno isto (stvar) vsaky, každy dobro jutro/popoldne malo, jedva gospodin, pan mlady muž, neženja style="background-color: #f9f;" (pasivny participij) } Određeny člen ima razne forme za [[Nominativ|nominativny]], [[Genitiv|genitivny]] i [[Dativ|dativny]] padež, ili, v anglijskom, za "the", "to the" i "of the": 'la', 'fa' i 'lasi', po redu.{{r|lmu1866|p=23-24.VII-VIII}} ==Gramatika== Osim naglaska i dužiny, slova Solresola se ne inflektuju. Da bi rečenice ostale jasne, posebno s mogućnošću gubitka informacij pri komunikaciji, odredjene časti řeči sleduju strog slovored. :Prěvjesniki vsegda sleduju imenicu ktoru određuju. :Nepremni objekty vsegda dolaze poslě glagola.{{r|lmu1866|p=26.XII}} :Priměry dane v originalnoj dokumentaciji ukazuju na [[subjekt–glagol–objekt slovored|slovored subjekt–glagol–objekt]],{{R|lmu1866|p=29.XVII}} však, to ne bi mělo imati značenje dok rečenica ostaje prosta i jasna. :Vremena vsegda prethode glagolom.{{r|lmu1866|p=30.XIX}} Da bi se slovo stvorilo u množini, [[akút|akútny naglasak]] se dodaje iznad poslednje sylaby, ktory se v govoru izgovara produženjem poslednje bukvy te sylaby.{{r|lmu1866|p=24.IX}} Priměry kako označiti množinu mužskih i ženskih slov: :''resimire'' brat, ''resimirē/resimire-e'' sestra :''resimiré'' bracia, ''resimiréē/resimiré-e'' sestry To utiče samo na prvo slovo v [[imenična fraza|imeničnoj frazi]]. To jest, utiče samo na imenicu kada je imenica sama, jako iznad. Ako je slovo popraćeno gramatičkom česticom (la, fa ili lasi), čestica će nositi oznaku roda i/ili broja umesto toga: :''la resimire'' [ty] brat, ''lā/la-a resimire'' [ta] sestra :''lá resimire'' [ty] bracia, ''láā/lá-a resimire'' [ty] sestry Časti řeči (jako i specifičnjejše definicije za něktora slova) se izvode iz glagol postavljanjem [[cirkumfleks|cirkumfleksa]] iznad jedne od sylab v pisanju, i izgovaranjem te sylaby s [[Glossary of music terminology#R|rinforzando]] (iznenadny naglasak ili [[Dynamics (music)#Gradual changes|crescendo]]). S naglaskom postavljenim na prvu sylabu, slovo postaje imenica. V četyri-sylabnyh slovah, naglašavanje druge sylaby stvara imenicu činitelja. [[Penult]]imna sylaba stvara prěvjesnik, a poslednja stvara prislov.{{r|lmu1866|p=25.XI}} Na pr., :''midofa'' preferovati, ''mîdofa'' preferencija, ''midôfa'' preferabilny, ''midofâ'' preferabilno :''resolmila'' nastaviti, ''rêsolmila'' nastavjenje, ''resôlmila'' jedny ktory nastavlja, ''resolmîla'' staly, ''resolmilâ'' stalno Na kompjuteryh koristajući rasporede klavijatur bez cirkumfleksa, sylaba może być napisana velikimi bukvami, ili [[caret]] postavljen medźu bukvy sylaby ili poslě sylaby. Zbog gramatike i slovoreda Solresola, razlikovanje častij řeči občno nije potrebno za razuměnje rečenice. Razne [[tense–aspect–mood|vremensko-načinske]] čestice su dvojne sylaby, kako je dato u slovniku iznad. Dodatno, po Gajewskom, pasivne glagoly se tvore s ''faremi'' medźu tom česticom i glagolom. Subjunktiv se tvori s ''mire'' pred zaimennikom. Negacija ''do'' se pojavljuje samo jednom v klauzi, pred slovom koje negira. Slovo ''fasi'' pred imenicom ili prěvjesnikom je [[augmentativ|augmentativno]]; poslě njega je [[Degrees of comparison of adjectives and adverbs|superlativ]]. ''Sifa'' je suprotnost ([[diminutiv|diminutivno]]):{{r|lmu1866|p=21.III}} :''fala'' dobro, ''fasi fala'' velmi dobro, ''fala fasi'' odlično, najbolje; ''sifa fala'' dobro (ali ne odlično), ''fala sifa'' ne velmi dobro (i slično s ''lafa'' zlo) :''sisire'' vjetar, ''fasi sisire'' oluja, ''sisire fasi'' ciklon; ''sifa sisire'' povjetarac, ''sisire sifa'' kretanje vazduha Pitanja Pitanja v Solresolu ne dobijaju mnogo pažnje u originalnoj dokumentaciji, niti imaju mnogo priměrov. Sudreova publikacija uključuje tri priměra upitnyh rečenic:{{r|lmu1866|p=127}} :Je vaše zdravlje dobro? – Redofafa? :Hoćete li ići na selo ove godine? – Fadoremi? :Hoćete li ići u pozorište večeras? – Soldoremi? Da bi se to stvorilo kao potvrdna izjava, dodaje se osobny zaimennik poslě: :Moje zdravlje je dobro. – Redofafa dore. :Ići ću na selo ove godine. – Fadoremi dore. :Ići ću u pozorište večeras. – Soldoremi dore. Gajewski umesto toga postavlja subjekt rečenice poslě glagola umesto pred glagolom, konstrukcija občna v evropskih jezycich. Nektery priměry su:{{R|grammar_eng|p=Interrogation and Negation}} :Jesam li? – Faremi dore? :Razumije li on? – Falafa dofa? :Učite li? – Sidosi domi? V vsih verzijah jezyka, postoje slova četyri sylaby duga, ponovljena "Mi" sekcija slovnika koja uključuje neka občna pitanja, taki jako:{{r|lmu1866|p=109.123}} :Miladodo? – Do kogo stepena/mjere? :Milarere? – Dobro? :Misirere? – Kto je to? ==Solresol pismo== [[File:Solresol symbols.svg|thumb|Symboly Solresola]] Pismo koristano v Solresolu sastoji se od sedmih unikatnyh symbolov, vsaky predstavljajući jednu od sedmih "not". Na pr., "[[C (muzikalna nota)|Do]]" je krug, a "[[G (muzikalna nota)|Sol]]" je horizontalna linija. Slova Solresola se tvore povezivanjem symbolov v poredu kako se pojavljuju v slovu. Dvojne note se predstavljaju križanjem symbola. [[File:Solresol words.svg|thumb|Nekta osnovna slova Solresola]] Druge karakteristike Nepristrasny i relativno prosty Integrovane sistemy ([[znakovny jezyk|znakovny jezyk]], barvy, itd.) za većinu [[invaliditet|ometenj]], odmah operativne bez posebnogo učenja Brzo uspěšno učenje za nepismene (samo sedm sylab ili znakov ili deset bukv za znati i prepoznati) Vrlo prosty ali efektivny sistem za razlikovanje funkcij slov v rečenicah Koristajući [[tonic sol-fa]] sistem od [[John Curwen|Johna Curwena]], Solresol może też być [[znakovny jezyk|znakovano]]. Daljnji razvoj Drugi način koristania Solresola se naziva ''ses'', razvijen od [[C. George Boeree|C. Georgea Boereea]].<ref name="loan_words">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|title=Using loan words in Solresol|url=https://www.tumblr.com/sidosi/181390815161/using-loan-words-in-solresol|website=Tumblr|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251128152044if_/https://www.tumblr.com/sidosi/181390815161/using-loan-words-in-solresol|archive-date=2025-11-28|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Koristajući to, note dobijaju reprezentativne konsonante i vokale (ili diftongy). Najprostša slova koriste samo vokalu, dok vsa druga koriste složenjejšu strukturu sylab. do ⇒ p / o re ⇒ k / e mi ⇒ m / i fa ⇒ f / a sol ⇒ s / u la ⇒ l / au ti ⇒ t / ai Na ovaj način, można pisati ili izgovarati slova taki jako to: : sol-sol-re-do ⇒ suko (cvcv) – migrena Zato što se množina i ženske forme slov u Solresolu označavaju naglaskom ili dužinom glasov, ses koristi ''pau'' (nektory) ili ''fai'' (mnogo) za označavanje množiny, i ''mu'' (dobro) za označavanje ženskogo roda kogda je potrebno. == Kodiranje == Zahtev za [[ISO 639-3]] jezykovy kod, privremeno predloženy jako {{Code|sud}}, był upućen [[SIL Global|SIL-u]] 28 avgusta 2017,<ref name="sil_change">{{Cite web|author=SIL International|author-link=SIL Global|date=2017-08-28|title=ISO 639-3 Registration Authority Request for Change No. 2017-032|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032.pdf|website=ISO 639-3|publication-place=[[Dallas]]|format=PDF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605171450if_/https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032.pdf|archive-date=2019-06-05|archive-format=PDF|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="sil_new">{{Cite web|author=SIL International|author-link=SIL Global|date=2017-08-28|title=Request for New Language Code Element in ISO 639-3: [sud]|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032_sud.pdf|website=ISO 639-3|publication-place=[[Dallas]]|format=PDF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605171450if_/https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032_sud.pdf|archive-date=2019-06-05|archive-format=PDF|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="sidosi_request">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|date=2017-07-28|title=The Road to ISO 639-3|url=https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=310|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230829154231if_/https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=310|archive-date=2023-08-29|access-date=2018-10-22|df=mdy-all}}</ref> ale był odrinuły 23 janvara 2018.<ref name="sil_rejection">{{Cite web|author=SIL International|author-link=SIL Global|date=2018-01-23|title=Comments received for ISO 639-3 Change Request 2017-032|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/CR_Comments_2017-032.pdf|website=ISO 639-3|publication-place=[[Dallas]]|format=PDF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605171452if_/https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/CR_Comments_2017-032.pdf|archive-date=2019-06-05|archive-format=PDF|page=2|access-date=2019-09-27|df=mdy-all|quote=Zahtev za stvorenje koda [sud] za Solresol je odrinuły.}}</ref><ref name="sidosi_rejection">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|date=2018-02-01|title=Beyond ISO 639-3 (for now)|url=https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=350|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230829153926if_/https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=350|archive-date=2023-08-29|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Solresol je dobil kody {{Code|qso}} i {{Code|art-x-solresol}} v [[Codes for constructed languages|ConLang Code Registry]].<ref name="clcr">{{Cite web|last=Bettencourt|first=Rebecca G.|date=2015-01-08|title=ConLang Code Registry|url=https://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/|website=Kreative Korporation|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221127152005if_/http://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/|archive-date=2022-11-27|access-date=2021-04-06|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Sedm osnovnyh symbolov bylo predloženo za registraciju v [[ConScript Unicode Registry]].<ref name="csur">{{Cite web|last=Everson|first=Michael|author-link=Michael Everson|date=1997-01-21|title=Solresol: U+E770–U+E77F|url=https://www.evertype.com/standards/csur/solresol.html|website=ConScript Unicode Registry|publisher=Evertype|publication-place=[[Lecanvey]], [[Ireland]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417191120if_/https://www.evertype.com/standards/csur/solresol.html|archive-date=2021-04-17|access-date=2021-04-06|df=mdy-all}}</ref> == Priměrne teksty == ; Član 1 ''[[Universalne deklaracije človečih prav]]'' v anglijskom : ''All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.''<ref name="undr">{{Cite wikisource|author=United Nations Commission on Human Rights|author-link=Drafting of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights|date=1948-12-10|title=Universal Declaration of Human Rights|wsat=Article 1|scan=Page:Universal Declaration of Human Rights.djvu/2|publisher=[[United Nations]]|location=[[Paris]]|iconfirst=yes|nolink=yes}}</ref> ; Isti tekst v Solresolu : Siré misolredo faremi doredore domisimi re misóla, solfalafá dósila re réfasi. Dófa faremi remila fare dômilafa re dôfasifa, re fafa fasolfa midolǎ fare dômisola lasi sîmisila. ; Predstavlene koristajući ''ses'' Solresol : Sé muro fem pepe omúm e múl, salá ósau e éfai. Óf fem ril fe ômauf e ôfaif, e fa fuf ipǎu fe ômul lai âimail. Također vidźte [[muzikalny jezyk]] [[solfedžio]] [[Tonic sol-fa]] [[Voyage to Faremido]] [[Ro jezyk]] ==Literatura== {{Reflist}} == Daljnje čitanje == {{Cite book|last=Sudre|first=François|year=1866|title=Langue Musicale Universelle|url=http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/ladosol.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070831060525if_/http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/ladosol.html|archive-date=2007-08-31|publication-place=Paris|language=fr}} – HTML verzija celogo teksta Sudreovogo toma iz 1866, s originalnym [https://web.archive.org/web/20070831061613if_/http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/lrls_sosfs.html slovnikom] i [https://web.archive.org/web/20080310234035/http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/solrelaF.html frazeologijom] (v francozskom). {{Cite book|last1=Couturat|first1=Louis|last2=Leau|first2=Léopold|year=1903|title=Histoire de la Langue Universelle|url=https://archive.org/details/histoiredelalang00coutuoft|publisher=Librairie Hachette|publication-place=[[Paris]]|language=fr|access-date=2025-11-28|df=mdy-all}} {{Cite book|last=Eco|first=Umberto|author-link=Umberto Eco|date=1997-04-08|title=The Search for the Perfect Language|url=https://archive.org/details/searchforperfect00ecou|publisher=[[Wiley-Blackwell]]|publication-place=[[Cambridge, Massachusetts|Cambridge, Mass.]]|edition=1|series=The Making of Europe|isbn=978-0-631-20510-4|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}} ==Zewnętrzne linky== {{Commons category|Solresol}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20191115021254if_/https://www.omniglot.com/writing/solresol.htm Solresol jezyk i stenografično pismo] na Omniglot, online enciklopediji sistemov pisanja i jezykov Anglijsko-Solresol slovniky od [https://web.archive.org/web/20250121193252if_/http://www.datapacrat.com/True/LANG/SOLRESOL/DICTIONA.HTM Jasona Hutchensa] (6 julija 1998) i [https://web.archive.org/web/20100923132246if_/http://www.ifost.org.au/~gregb/solresol/sorsolex.htm Stephena L. Ricea] (19 novembra 1997) [https://web.archive.org/web/20231130083816if_/http://sharyphil.com/root/solresol-the-project/ SolReSol: Projekt v0.95] od Phila Sharyja, open source Solresol–anglijsky i anglijsky–Solresol překladateľsky program za Windows (32- i 64-bitny) s live MIDI podporom (24 februara 2015) [https://web.archive.org/web/20250818235352if_/https://wiki.xxiivv.com/site/solresol.html Moderny Simetričny Solresol] od Davida Mondou-Labbého (28 septembra 2023) [https://eliseduv.dev/solresol/ Překladač Anglijsky↔Solresol] ==Iztočniky== {{Iztočniky}} {{Umětne jezyky}} [[Kategorija:1827 introdukcije]] [[Kategorija:Analitične jezyky]] [[Kategorija:Konstruovane jezyky]] [[Kategorija:Medžunarodne pomočne jezyky]] [[Kategorija:jezyky potvrđene od 1820-tyh]] [[Kategorija:muzikalne jezyky]] qg8mriig2pm5gtgv7widz1jcqdf7h4u 45626 45625 2026-08-13T08:04:57Z Ilja isv 10 45626 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kartka jezyk | name = Solresol | nativename = <center>''[[solfedžio]]'': Sol-Re-Sol</center> | image = Solresol-langage.svg | created = 1827 | creator = [[François Sudre|{{-|François Sudre|Франсуа Судр}}]] | fam1 = [[umětne jezyky]] | fam2 = [[Pomočny jezyk]], [[Umětne jezyky#A priori|a priori]] | fam3 = [[muzikalny jezyk]] | posteriori = [[Umětne jezyky#A priori|a priori]] | script = pismo Solresol ; [[solfedžio]]; [[noty]]; [[barvy spektra]] | sign = Podpisana notacija; [[tonic sol-fa]] znaky od [[John Curwen]] | iso3 = qso | iso3comment = [https://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/ (lokalno koristane)] | glotto = none | ietf = [https://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/ art-x-solresol] }} '''Solresol''' ([[solfedžio]]: [[G (muzikalna nota)|Sol]]-[[D (muzikalna nota)|Re]]-[[G (muzikalna nota)|Sol]]), prvonačelno nazyvany {{Lang|fr|Langue universelle}} (bukv. 'Universalny jezyk') a potom {{Lang|fr|Langue musicale universelle}} ('Universalny muzikalny jezyk'), je [[muzikalny jezyk|muzikalny]] [[umětny jezyk]] stvorjeny od francozskogo učiteľa musiky i kompozitora [[François Sudre|Jean-Françoisa Sudrea]] (1787–1862), počinajući v 1817. Njegova kniga definujuća to, {{Lang|fr|Langue Musicale Universelle}}, była publikovana posmrtno v 1866,<ref name="lmu1866">{{Cite book|last=Sudre|first=François|year=1866|title=Langue Musicale Universelle|url=https://www.ifost.org.au/~gregb/solresol/sudre-book.pdf|format=PDF|url-status=live|publication-place=[[Paris]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320142510if_/http://www.ifost.org.au/~gregb/solresol/sudre-book.pdf|archive-date=2012-03-20|archive-format=PDF|language=fr|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> iako je on već několik godin publiciral to. Solresol doživil kratky čas popularnosti v drugej polovici 19. stolěća i był sponzorovan od takyh osob jako [[Victor Hugo]], [[Alphonse de Lamartine]], [[Alexander von Humboldt]] i [[Napoleon III]],<ref name="pei">{{Cite book|last=Pei|first=Mario|author-link=Mario Pei|year=1969|title=Wanted: A World Language|type=Pamphlet|series=Public Affairs|volume=434|pages=11–12|publisher=Public Affairs Committee|publication-place=[[New York City]]|url=http://www.autodidactproject.org/other/pei_worldlg.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180125230417if_/http://www.autodidactproject.org/other/pei_worldlg.html|archive-date=2018-01-25|access-date=2025-11-28|df=mdy-all}}</ref> kulminujući s publikacijom [[Boleslas Gajewski|Boleslasa Gajewskogo]] {{Lang|fr|Grammaire du Solresol}} v 1902. Dnes, postoje male komunity entuzijastov Solresola rozsypane po cělem světě.<ref name="sidosi">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|title=Sidosi Home|url=https://www.sidosi.org/|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004090845if_/https://www.sidosi.org/|archive-date=2023-10-04|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> == Evolucija == Postoji několik verzij Solresola, každá s malymi razlikami. Tri glavne varijacije ktore su ješte v oběgu—Sudre, Gajewski i "Modern"—razlikuju se pretežno v različnyh elementah slovnika, a složaju se pretežno o gramatike. Sudre je stvoril jezyk, i tako njegova verzija zaslužuje nazv byti originalnom verzijom Solresola. Vincent Gajewski, parizsky profesor, popularizoval jezyk jako predsednik Centralnogo Komiteta za Studium i Napredovanje Solresola, ktory był osnovan v 1869 od Sudreove udovy, Joséphine, da bi dalje promoviral njegovo dělo. Boleslas Gajewski, Vincentov syn i sam profesor, formalizoval gramatiku i napisal definitivno dělo o jezyka: {{Language with name/for|fr|Grammaire du Solrésol|Gramatika Solresola}}.<ref name="grammar_eng">{{Cite web|last1=Gajewski|first1=Boleslas|last2=Rice|first2=Stephen L.|date=1997-11-19|orig-date=printed 1902 as {{Lang|fr|Grammaire du Solrésol}}, translated 1997|title=Grammar of Solresol, or the Universal Language of François Sudre|url=http://www.ptialaska.net/~srice/solresol/sorsoeng.htm|website=Stephen L. Rice: The Solresol Page|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070413035441if_/http://www.ptialaska.net/~srice/solresol/sorsoeng.htm|archive-date=2007-04-13|access-date=2019-09-29|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="grammar_pdf">{{Cite web|last=Gajewski|first=Boleslas|editor-last1=Rice|editor-first1=Stephen L.|editor-last2=Bigham|editor-first2=Doug|year=2005|orig-date=printed 1902 as {{Lang|fr|Grammaire du Solrésol}}, translated 1997 (Rice), revised 2005 (Bigham)|title=Grammar of Solresol, or the Universal Language of François Sudre|url=https://i.sidosi.org/resources/grammar-of-solresol-bigham/grammar-of-solresol-bigham.pdf|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217001045if_/https://i.sidosi.org/resources/grammar-of-solresol-bigham/grammar-of-solresol-bigham.pdf|archive-date=2019-12-17|access-date=2019-12-16|df=mdy-all}}</ref> To je najviše publicirana verzija Solresola, zahvaljujući překladu na anglijsky od Stephena L. Ricea iz 1997,{{R|grammar_pdf}}{{R|grammar_eng}} s znatnom količinom slovnika izměnjenogo od originala, kao i něktore gramatike. Jedny priměr je slovo ''fasol'', definovano kao "tutaj" v Sudreovom slovniku, ale "začto?" v Gajewskom. Tretja je neoficijalna verzija razvijana vremenom od komunity, nazvana "Moderny Solresol". Ona koristi Sudreovu verziju kao bazu, s prilagodbami gramatike i slovnika, takimi jako izměna definicij ''sisol'' i ''sila'' od značenja "Gospodin" i "Mlady muž" na sistem [[honorifik|honorifikov]] inspiriran onym koristanym v japonščině; oba su rodno-neutralne titule, jedna za byti poštivy, a druga za byti ljubazny.<ref name="Modern Solresol Dictionary">{{Cite web|last1=Osteen|first1=Garrison|last2=Walters|first2=Scott|last3=Parson|first3=Daniel|last4=Fernandez|first4=Tobias|date=2018-03-12|title=Solresol Dictionary Modernised|url=https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/182okssrHseIggjHGlzWyFH81-o8y8EsvQtJfPJYu6r8/edit|format=XLSX|website=Google Sheets|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250829164017if_/https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/182okssrHseIggjHGlzWyFH81-o8y8EsvQtJfPJYu6r8/edit|archive-date=2025-08-29|archive-format=XLSX|access-date=2019-12-22|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Gajewskogo publikacija donesla razne dodatky ktore ne konfliktu s originalnom verzijom jezyka, taki jako razne nove metody komunikacije,{{R|grammar_pdf|p=16}} vključujući: skup symbolov koristane sedmih barv duhy, i koristane [[tonic sol-fa]] za signiranje jezyka ==Fonologija== [[File:Solresol.svg|thumb|right|Sedm konvencionalnyh not, barv, sylab, čisel i glifov koristanyh za prenos fonemov Solresola]] Solresol może być komunikovany koristajući sedm različnyh predmetov, s maksimumom pet na slovo. Statistički, ty kombinacije daju sedm jedno-sylabnyh slov, 49 dvuh-sylabnyh, 336 tri-sylabnyh, 2.268 četyr-sylabnyh i 9.072 pet-sylabnyh, za ukupno 11.732 mogućih primarnyh slov.<ref name="pei" /> Glavna metoda komunikacije je koristane sedmih [[solfedžio]] sylab (forma [[solmizacija|solmizacije]]), ktore mogu byti akcentovane, prodloužene ili ponovljene. Najprostši način koristati ty sylaby je govoriti ih jako by one byly regularne [[sylaba|sylaby]]. Zbog togo že predchádza [[Medžunarodny fonetičny alfabet|IPA]], ne postoje posebna pravila izgovora izvan standardnyh čitanj solfège. Zbog togo že vsaka sylaba je dovoljno odlična, mogu byti izgovorjene skoro vsakym načinom ktory čytateľ preferuje.{{CitationNeeded|date=July 2025}} Sudre je izložil način transkripcije fonetiky francozskogo (i tako mnogih drugih jezykov) do Solresola, primarno koristany za vlastne imenice.{{r|lmu1866|p=32}} Koristajući občne izgovory kako su dane od strane [[Wiktionary|Vikislovnika]], je moguće rekonstruovati tabulu glasov koristajući modernu IPA. Zbog malog broja sylab, je potrebno ostaviti kratku pauzu medźu slovami tako da vsako slovo ostane jasno odvojeno. Kako je primetil Boleslas Gajewski: "člověk bi měl věnovati veliku pozornost pauzi po vsakom slovu; ta mala pauza je potrebna za odvajanje slov, tako da slušatelj ne bude zbunjen".{{R|grammar_eng|p=Reversed meanings}} ===Slovnik=== V Solresol [[morfologija (lingvistika)|morfologiji]], vsako slovo je poděleno na kategorije ili značenja ili funkcije, gdźe duža slova su občno specifičnjejša. Slova se razlikuju po treh glavnyh karakteristikah: početnoj sylabě, dužině slova, i tomu da li ima par ponovljenih sylab. Slova koja su jedna i dve sylaby duge su koristana za [[Zaimennik|zaimenniky]] i občne [[Gramatična čestica|čestice]], a ty s ponovljenimi sylabami su [[Gramatično vreme|vremena]]. Slova koja su jednu sylabu duga su posvećena slovima ktora su često koristana (v času stvorenja Solresola). Ty ktore uključuju ponavljajuće sylaby su rezervovane za "čisla, měsece goda, dni neděle i temperatury [pogodne uslove]", na pr. redodo "jedny", remimi "dva" (po Gajewskom). Slova koja su četyri sylaby duga spadaju v razne tematske kategorije. Na pr., slova počinjuća s 'sol', koja ne uključuju ponovljene sylaby, imaju značenja vezana za umetnosti ili nauky (na pr. soldoredo, "umetnost"; solmiredo, "akustika").{{r|lmu1866|p=22.V}} Však, ako slova koja su četyri sylaby duga imaju par ponovljenih sylab, njihova značenja se odnose na bolesti ili medicinu (na pr. solsolredo, "migrena"; solreresol, "ospice").{{r|lmu1866|p=23.VI}} Točnjejše, klase bez ponovljenih sylab su: ''do'': člověk, njegovo tělo i duh, intelektualne sposobnosti, kvalitete i hrana; ''re'': odeća, dom, domaćinstvo i porodica; ''mi'': činjenja človeka i njegove mane; ''fa'': selo, putovanja, vojna, more; ''sol'': lepe umetnosti i nauky; ''la'': industrija i trgovina; ''si'': město, vlada i administracija. S ponovljenimi sylabami, iste sylaby daju: ''do'': religija; ''re'': konstrukcija i razne obrti; ''mi'': predlogi, prislovne fraze i izolovane prislovy; ''fa'': bolesti; ''sol'': bolesti (nast.); ''la'': industrija i trgovina (jako u tipu bez ponavljanja); ''si'': pravda, magistratura i sudovi. Konačno, kombinacije pet sylab označavaju životinje, rośliny i minerale. Po defaultu, vse žive imenice i zaimenniky podrazuměvaju da su mužskogo roda. Za razlikovanje ženskogo roda, bar, [[pomišljaj|pomišljaj]] ili [[makron (diakritika)|makron]] se dodaje na konačnu sylabu odgovarajućeg člena ili samogo slova. V govoru, to se označava ponavljanjem vokala sylaby, s [[glotalna stop|glotalnom stopom]] koja odvaja ponovljenu vokalu od ostatka slova.{{r|lmu1866|p=24}} Však, v modernyh překladah, zaimenniky se ne měnje v zavisnosti od [[Gramatičny rod|roda]]. Umesto toga, oni se prosto prevode na anglijsky kao neutralne zaimenniky; it i they. Jedna unikatna karakteristika Solresola je da značenja mogu byti obrnuta obrtanjem sylab v slovah. Na pr. ''fala'' znači dobro ili ukusno, a ''lafa'' znači zlo. Prekidi v logičkom poredu slov v vsakoj kategoriji su občno uzrokovani tymi obrtivymi slovami.{{r|lmu1866|p=31.XXI}} {| style="background: transparent; border: hidden;" | style="padding: 0 2em;" | {| class="wikitable" | [[File:Solresol - misol.jpg|x88px]] | [[File:Solresol - solmi.jpg|x88px]] |- | style="text-align: center;" | '''misol''': "dobro" | style="text-align: center;" | '''solmi''': "zlo" |} | style="padding-left: 2em;" | {| class="wikitable" | [[File:Solresol - domisol.jpg|x88px]] | [[File:Solresol - solmido.jpg|x88px]] |- | style="text-align: center;" | '''domisol''': "[[Bog]]" | style="text-align: center;" | '''solmido''': "[[Djavol]]" |} |} Však, ne vsa slova su obrtiva v tom smyslu, taki jako ''dorefare'' znači vrat, a ''refaredo'' znači garderoba, ktore očigledno nisu suprotnosti. Slědujuća tabula pokazuje slova do dvuh sylab iz Gajewskogo slovnika: {| class="wikitable" ! {{Diagonal split header|style=height: 3em; width: 7em|1. syl.|2. syl.}} ! ''Nijedna'' ! style="background-color: #f69;" | -do ! style="background-color: #f96;" | -re ! style="background-color: #ff9;" | -mi ! style="background-color: #9f6;" | -fa ! style="background-color: #9ff;" | -sol ! style="background-color: #96f;" | -la ! style="background-color: #f9f;" | -si/-ti |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #f69;" | Do- | style="background-color: #f69;" | ne, ni, niti | style="background-color: #f69;" | (prošlo) | ja, mene || ty [sg] || on || se, sebe || jedny, někto || drugy |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #f96;" | Re- | style="background-color: #f96;" | i, tak jako | moj, moje | style="background-color: #f96;" | (pluperfekt) | tvoj, tvoje [sg] || njegov || naš, naše || vaš, vaše [pl] || njihov |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #ff9;" | Mi- | style="background-color: #ff9;" | ili, ili čak | za, da bi/da || ktory, koja (odnos. zaim.), že (veznik) | style="background-color: #ff9;" | (buduće) | čij, čija || dobro (prisl.) || tutaj je/tu je, gle || dobar večer/noć |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #9f6;" | Fa- | style="background-color: #9f6;" | k, ka | što? || s, sa, zajedno || ovaj, ova, ovo | style="background-color: #9f6;" | (kond.) | začto, iz kog razloga || dobro, ukusno, slasno || mnogo, velmi, krajno |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #9ff;" | Sol- | style="background-color: #9ff;" | ako | ale || v, unutra || zlo, loše (prisl.) || zato, jer | style="background-color: #9ff;" | (imperativ) | věčno, vsegda, bez konca || hvala, hvaly |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #96f;" | <span style="color: #000;">La-</span> | style="background-color: #96f;" | <span style="color: #000;">ty (člen)</span> | ničto, nikto, nijedny || od, po || tutaj, tam || zlo, loše || nikogda, nikad | style="background-color: #96f;" | <span style="color: #000;">(prezentni participij)</span> || od, iz |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #f9f;"| Si-/Ti- | style="background-color: #f9f;" | da, dobro, rado, složeno | isto (stvar) | vsaky, každy | dobro jutro/popoldne | malo, jedva |gospodin, pan |mlady muž, neženja | style="background-color: #f9f;" | <span style="color: #000;">(pasivny participij)</span> |} Određeny člen ima razne forme za [[Nominativ|nominativny]], [[Genitiv|genitivny]] i [[Dativ|dativny]] padež, ili, v anglijskom, za "the", "to the" i "of the": 'la', 'fa' i 'lasi', po redu.{{r|lmu1866|p=23-24.VII-VIII}} ==Gramatika== Osim naglaska i dužiny, slova Solresola se ne inflektuju. Da bi rečenice ostale jasne, posebno s mogućnošću gubitka informacij pri komunikaciji, odredjene časti řeči sleduju strog slovored. :Prěvjesniki vsegda sleduju imenicu ktoru određuju. :Nepremni objekty vsegda dolaze poslě glagola.{{r|lmu1866|p=26.XII}} :Priměry dane v originalnoj dokumentaciji ukazuju na [[subjekt–glagol–objekt slovored|slovored subjekt–glagol–objekt]],{{R|lmu1866|p=29.XVII}} však, to ne bi mělo imati značenje dok rečenica ostaje prosta i jasna. :Vremena vsegda prethode glagolom.{{r|lmu1866|p=30.XIX}} Da bi se slovo stvorilo u množini, [[akút|akútny naglasak]] se dodaje iznad poslednje sylaby, ktory se v govoru izgovara produženjem poslednje bukvy te sylaby.{{r|lmu1866|p=24.IX}} Priměry kako označiti množinu mužskih i ženskih slov: :''resimire'' brat, ''resimirē/resimire-e'' sestra :''resimiré'' bracia, ''resimiréē/resimiré-e'' sestry To utiče samo na prvo slovo v [[imenična fraza|imeničnoj frazi]]. To jest, utiče samo na imenicu kada je imenica sama, jako iznad. Ako je slovo popraćeno gramatičkom česticom (la, fa ili lasi), čestica će nositi oznaku roda i/ili broja umesto toga: :''la resimire'' [ty] brat, ''lā/la-a resimire'' [ta] sestra :''lá resimire'' [ty] bracia, ''láā/lá-a resimire'' [ty] sestry Časti řeči (jako i specifičnjejše definicije za něktora slova) se izvode iz glagol postavljanjem [[cirkumfleks|cirkumfleksa]] iznad jedne od sylab v pisanju, i izgovaranjem te sylaby s [[Glossary of music terminology#R|rinforzando]] (iznenadny naglasak ili [[Dynamics (music)#Gradual changes|crescendo]]). S naglaskom postavljenim na prvu sylabu, slovo postaje imenica. V četyri-sylabnyh slovah, naglašavanje druge sylaby stvara imenicu činitelja. [[Penult]]imna sylaba stvara prěvjesnik, a poslednja stvara prislov.{{r|lmu1866|p=25.XI}} Na pr., :''midofa'' preferovati, ''mîdofa'' preferencija, ''midôfa'' preferabilny, ''midofâ'' preferabilno :''resolmila'' nastaviti, ''rêsolmila'' nastavjenje, ''resôlmila'' jedny ktory nastavlja, ''resolmîla'' staly, ''resolmilâ'' stalno Na kompjuteryh koristajući rasporede klavijatur bez cirkumfleksa, sylaba może być napisana velikimi bukvami, ili [[caret]] postavljen medźu bukvy sylaby ili poslě sylaby. Zbog gramatike i slovoreda Solresola, razlikovanje častij řeči občno nije potrebno za razuměnje rečenice. Razne [[tense–aspect–mood|vremensko-načinske]] čestice su dvojne sylaby, kako je dato u slovniku iznad. Dodatno, po Gajewskom, pasivne glagoly se tvore s ''faremi'' medźu tom česticom i glagolom. Subjunktiv se tvori s ''mire'' pred zaimennikom. Negacija ''do'' se pojavljuje samo jednom v klauzi, pred slovom koje negira. Slovo ''fasi'' pred imenicom ili prěvjesnikom je [[augmentativ|augmentativno]]; poslě njega je [[Degrees of comparison of adjectives and adverbs|superlativ]]. ''Sifa'' je suprotnost ([[diminutiv|diminutivno]]):{{r|lmu1866|p=21.III}} :''fala'' dobro, ''fasi fala'' velmi dobro, ''fala fasi'' odlično, najbolje; ''sifa fala'' dobro (ali ne odlično), ''fala sifa'' ne velmi dobro (i slično s ''lafa'' zlo) :''sisire'' vjetar, ''fasi sisire'' oluja, ''sisire fasi'' ciklon; ''sifa sisire'' povjetarac, ''sisire sifa'' kretanje vazduha Pitanja Pitanja v Solresolu ne dobijaju mnogo pažnje u originalnoj dokumentaciji, niti imaju mnogo priměrov. Sudreova publikacija uključuje tri priměra upitnyh rečenic:{{r|lmu1866|p=127}} :Je vaše zdravlje dobro? – Redofafa? :Hoćete li ići na selo ove godine? – Fadoremi? :Hoćete li ići u pozorište večeras? – Soldoremi? Da bi se to stvorilo kao potvrdna izjava, dodaje se osobny zaimennik poslě: :Moje zdravlje je dobro. – Redofafa dore. :Ići ću na selo ove godine. – Fadoremi dore. :Ići ću u pozorište večeras. – Soldoremi dore. Gajewski umesto toga postavlja subjekt rečenice poslě glagola umesto pred glagolom, konstrukcija občna v evropskih jezycich. Nektery priměry su:{{R|grammar_eng|p=Interrogation and Negation}} :Jesam li? – Faremi dore? :Razumije li on? – Falafa dofa? :Učite li? – Sidosi domi? V vsih verzijah jezyka, postoje slova četyri sylaby duga, ponovljena "Mi" sekcija slovnika koja uključuje neka občna pitanja, taki jako:{{r|lmu1866|p=109.123}} :Miladodo? – Do kogo stepena/mjere? :Milarere? – Dobro? :Misirere? – Kto je to? ==Solresol pismo== [[File:Solresol symbols.svg|thumb|Symboly Solresola]] Pismo koristano v Solresolu sastoji se od sedmih unikatnyh symbolov, vsaky predstavljajući jednu od sedmih "not". Na pr., "[[C (muzikalna nota)|Do]]" je krug, a "[[G (muzikalna nota)|Sol]]" je horizontalna linija. Slova Solresola se tvore povezivanjem symbolov v poredu kako se pojavljuju v slovu. Dvojne note se predstavljaju križanjem symbola. [[File:Solresol words.svg|thumb|Nekta osnovna slova Solresola]] Druge karakteristike Nepristrasny i relativno prosty Integrovane sistemy ([[znakovny jezyk|znakovny jezyk]], barvy, itd.) za većinu [[invaliditet|ometenj]], odmah operativne bez posebnogo učenja Brzo uspěšno učenje za nepismene (samo sedm sylab ili znakov ili deset bukv za znati i prepoznati) Vrlo prosty ali efektivny sistem za razlikovanje funkcij slov v rečenicah Koristajući [[tonic sol-fa]] sistem od [[John Curwen|Johna Curwena]], Solresol może też być [[znakovny jezyk|znakovano]]. Daljnji razvoj Drugi način koristania Solresola se naziva ''ses'', razvijen od [[C. George Boeree|C. Georgea Boereea]].<ref name="loan_words">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|title=Using loan words in Solresol|url=https://www.tumblr.com/sidosi/181390815161/using-loan-words-in-solresol|website=Tumblr|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251128152044if_/https://www.tumblr.com/sidosi/181390815161/using-loan-words-in-solresol|archive-date=2025-11-28|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Koristajući to, note dobijaju reprezentativne konsonante i vokale (ili diftongy). Najprostša slova koriste samo vokalu, dok vsa druga koriste složenjejšu strukturu sylab. do ⇒ p / o re ⇒ k / e mi ⇒ m / i fa ⇒ f / a sol ⇒ s / u la ⇒ l / au ti ⇒ t / ai Na ovaj način, można pisati ili izgovarati slova taki jako to: : sol-sol-re-do ⇒ suko (cvcv) – migrena Zato što se množina i ženske forme slov u Solresolu označavaju naglaskom ili dužinom glasov, ses koristi ''pau'' (nektory) ili ''fai'' (mnogo) za označavanje množiny, i ''mu'' (dobro) za označavanje ženskogo roda kogda je potrebno. == Kodiranje == Zahtev za [[ISO 639-3]] jezykovy kod, privremeno predloženy jako {{Code|sud}}, był upućen [[SIL Global|SIL-u]] 28 avgusta 2017,<ref name="sil_change">{{Cite web|author=SIL International|author-link=SIL Global|date=2017-08-28|title=ISO 639-3 Registration Authority Request for Change No. 2017-032|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032.pdf|website=ISO 639-3|publication-place=[[Dallas]]|format=PDF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605171450if_/https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032.pdf|archive-date=2019-06-05|archive-format=PDF|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="sil_new">{{Cite web|author=SIL International|author-link=SIL Global|date=2017-08-28|title=Request for New Language Code Element in ISO 639-3: [sud]|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032_sud.pdf|website=ISO 639-3|publication-place=[[Dallas]]|format=PDF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605171450if_/https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032_sud.pdf|archive-date=2019-06-05|archive-format=PDF|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="sidosi_request">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|date=2017-07-28|title=The Road to ISO 639-3|url=https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=310|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230829154231if_/https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=310|archive-date=2023-08-29|access-date=2018-10-22|df=mdy-all}}</ref> ale był odrinuły 23 janvara 2018.<ref name="sil_rejection">{{Cite web|author=SIL International|author-link=SIL Global|date=2018-01-23|title=Comments received for ISO 639-3 Change Request 2017-032|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/CR_Comments_2017-032.pdf|website=ISO 639-3|publication-place=[[Dallas]]|format=PDF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605171452if_/https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/CR_Comments_2017-032.pdf|archive-date=2019-06-05|archive-format=PDF|page=2|access-date=2019-09-27|df=mdy-all|quote=Zahtev za stvorenje koda [sud] za Solresol je odrinuły.}}</ref><ref name="sidosi_rejection">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|date=2018-02-01|title=Beyond ISO 639-3 (for now)|url=https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=350|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230829153926if_/https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=350|archive-date=2023-08-29|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Solresol je dobil kody {{Code|qso}} i {{Code|art-x-solresol}} v [[Codes for constructed languages|ConLang Code Registry]].<ref name="clcr">{{Cite web|last=Bettencourt|first=Rebecca G.|date=2015-01-08|title=ConLang Code Registry|url=https://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/|website=Kreative Korporation|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221127152005if_/http://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/|archive-date=2022-11-27|access-date=2021-04-06|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Sedm osnovnyh symbolov bylo predloženo za registraciju v [[ConScript Unicode Registry]].<ref name="csur">{{Cite web|last=Everson|first=Michael|author-link=Michael Everson|date=1997-01-21|title=Solresol: U+E770–U+E77F|url=https://www.evertype.com/standards/csur/solresol.html|website=ConScript Unicode Registry|publisher=Evertype|publication-place=[[Lecanvey]], [[Ireland]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417191120if_/https://www.evertype.com/standards/csur/solresol.html|archive-date=2021-04-17|access-date=2021-04-06|df=mdy-all}}</ref> == Priměrne teksty == ; Član 1 ''[[Universalne deklaracije človečih prav]]'' v anglijskom : ''All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.''<ref name="undr">{{Cite wikisource|author=United Nations Commission on Human Rights|author-link=Drafting of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights|date=1948-12-10|title=Universal Declaration of Human Rights|wsat=Article 1|scan=Page:Universal Declaration of Human Rights.djvu/2|publisher=[[United Nations]]|location=[[Paris]]|iconfirst=yes|nolink=yes}}</ref> ; Isti tekst v Solresolu : Siré misolredo faremi doredore domisimi re misóla, solfalafá dósila re réfasi. Dófa faremi remila fare dômilafa re dôfasifa, re fafa fasolfa midolǎ fare dômisola lasi sîmisila. ; Predstavlene koristajući ''ses'' Solresol : Sé muro fem pepe omúm e múl, salá ósau e éfai. Óf fem ril fe ômauf e ôfaif, e fa fuf ipǎu fe ômul lai âimail. Također vidźte [[muzikalny jezyk]] [[solfedžio]] [[Tonic sol-fa]] [[Voyage to Faremido]] [[Ro jezyk]] ==Literatura== {{Reflist}} == Daljnje čitanje == {{Cite book|last=Sudre|first=François|year=1866|title=Langue Musicale Universelle|url=http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/ladosol.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070831060525if_/http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/ladosol.html|archive-date=2007-08-31|publication-place=Paris|language=fr}} – HTML verzija celogo teksta Sudreovogo toma iz 1866, s originalnym [https://web.archive.org/web/20070831061613if_/http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/lrls_sosfs.html slovnikom] i [https://web.archive.org/web/20080310234035/http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/solrelaF.html frazeologijom] (v francozskom). {{Cite book|last1=Couturat|first1=Louis|last2=Leau|first2=Léopold|year=1903|title=Histoire de la Langue Universelle|url=https://archive.org/details/histoiredelalang00coutuoft|publisher=Librairie Hachette|publication-place=[[Paris]]|language=fr|access-date=2025-11-28|df=mdy-all}} {{Cite book|last=Eco|first=Umberto|author-link=Umberto Eco|date=1997-04-08|title=The Search for the Perfect Language|url=https://archive.org/details/searchforperfect00ecou|publisher=[[Wiley-Blackwell]]|publication-place=[[Cambridge, Massachusetts|Cambridge, Mass.]]|edition=1|series=The Making of Europe|isbn=978-0-631-20510-4|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}} ==Zewnętrzne linky== {{Commons category|Solresol}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20191115021254if_/https://www.omniglot.com/writing/solresol.htm Solresol jezyk i stenografično pismo] na Omniglot, online enciklopediji sistemov pisanja i jezykov Anglijsko-Solresol slovniky od [https://web.archive.org/web/20250121193252if_/http://www.datapacrat.com/True/LANG/SOLRESOL/DICTIONA.HTM Jasona Hutchensa] (6 julija 1998) i [https://web.archive.org/web/20100923132246if_/http://www.ifost.org.au/~gregb/solresol/sorsolex.htm Stephena L. Ricea] (19 novembra 1997) [https://web.archive.org/web/20231130083816if_/http://sharyphil.com/root/solresol-the-project/ SolReSol: Projekt v0.95] od Phila Sharyja, open source Solresol–anglijsky i anglijsky–Solresol překladateľsky program za Windows (32- i 64-bitny) s live MIDI podporom (24 februara 2015) [https://web.archive.org/web/20250818235352if_/https://wiki.xxiivv.com/site/solresol.html Moderny Simetričny Solresol] od Davida Mondou-Labbého (28 septembra 2023) [https://eliseduv.dev/solresol/ Překladač Anglijsky↔Solresol] ==Iztočniky== {{Iztočniky}} {{Umětne jezyky}} [[Kategorija:1827 introdukcije]] [[Kategorija:Analitične jezyky]] [[Kategorija:Konstruovane jezyky]] [[Kategorija:Medžunarodne pomočne jezyky]] [[Kategorija:jezyky potvrđene od 1820-tyh]] [[Kategorija:muzikalne jezyky]] sjegs5zozxb9negnxb1358t85c0cdk1 45627 45626 2026-08-13T08:05:44Z Ilja isv 10 /* Literatura */ 45627 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kartka jezyk | name = Solresol | nativename = <center>''[[solfedžio]]'': Sol-Re-Sol</center> | image = Solresol-langage.svg | created = 1827 | creator = [[François Sudre|{{-|François Sudre|Франсуа Судр}}]] | fam1 = [[umětne jezyky]] | fam2 = [[Pomočny jezyk]], [[Umětne jezyky#A priori|a priori]] | fam3 = [[muzikalny jezyk]] | posteriori = [[Umětne jezyky#A priori|a priori]] | script = pismo Solresol ; [[solfedžio]]; [[noty]]; [[barvy spektra]] | sign = Podpisana notacija; [[tonic sol-fa]] znaky od [[John Curwen]] | iso3 = qso | iso3comment = [https://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/ (lokalno koristane)] | glotto = none | ietf = [https://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/ art-x-solresol] }} '''Solresol''' ([[solfedžio]]: [[G (muzikalna nota)|Sol]]-[[D (muzikalna nota)|Re]]-[[G (muzikalna nota)|Sol]]), prvonačelno nazyvany {{Lang|fr|Langue universelle}} (bukv. 'Universalny jezyk') a potom {{Lang|fr|Langue musicale universelle}} ('Universalny muzikalny jezyk'), je [[muzikalny jezyk|muzikalny]] [[umětny jezyk]] stvorjeny od francozskogo učiteľa musiky i kompozitora [[François Sudre|Jean-Françoisa Sudrea]] (1787–1862), počinajući v 1817. Njegova kniga definujuća to, {{Lang|fr|Langue Musicale Universelle}}, była publikovana posmrtno v 1866,<ref name="lmu1866">{{Cite book|last=Sudre|first=François|year=1866|title=Langue Musicale Universelle|url=https://www.ifost.org.au/~gregb/solresol/sudre-book.pdf|format=PDF|url-status=live|publication-place=[[Paris]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320142510if_/http://www.ifost.org.au/~gregb/solresol/sudre-book.pdf|archive-date=2012-03-20|archive-format=PDF|language=fr|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> iako je on već několik godin publiciral to. Solresol doživil kratky čas popularnosti v drugej polovici 19. stolěća i był sponzorovan od takyh osob jako [[Victor Hugo]], [[Alphonse de Lamartine]], [[Alexander von Humboldt]] i [[Napoleon III]],<ref name="pei">{{Cite book|last=Pei|first=Mario|author-link=Mario Pei|year=1969|title=Wanted: A World Language|type=Pamphlet|series=Public Affairs|volume=434|pages=11–12|publisher=Public Affairs Committee|publication-place=[[New York City]]|url=http://www.autodidactproject.org/other/pei_worldlg.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180125230417if_/http://www.autodidactproject.org/other/pei_worldlg.html|archive-date=2018-01-25|access-date=2025-11-28|df=mdy-all}}</ref> kulminujući s publikacijom [[Boleslas Gajewski|Boleslasa Gajewskogo]] {{Lang|fr|Grammaire du Solresol}} v 1902. Dnes, postoje male komunity entuzijastov Solresola rozsypane po cělem světě.<ref name="sidosi">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|title=Sidosi Home|url=https://www.sidosi.org/|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004090845if_/https://www.sidosi.org/|archive-date=2023-10-04|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> == Evolucija == Postoji několik verzij Solresola, každá s malymi razlikami. Tri glavne varijacije ktore su ješte v oběgu—Sudre, Gajewski i "Modern"—razlikuju se pretežno v različnyh elementah slovnika, a složaju se pretežno o gramatike. Sudre je stvoril jezyk, i tako njegova verzija zaslužuje nazv byti originalnom verzijom Solresola. Vincent Gajewski, parizsky profesor, popularizoval jezyk jako predsednik Centralnogo Komiteta za Studium i Napredovanje Solresola, ktory był osnovan v 1869 od Sudreove udovy, Joséphine, da bi dalje promoviral njegovo dělo. Boleslas Gajewski, Vincentov syn i sam profesor, formalizoval gramatiku i napisal definitivno dělo o jezyka: {{Language with name/for|fr|Grammaire du Solrésol|Gramatika Solresola}}.<ref name="grammar_eng">{{Cite web|last1=Gajewski|first1=Boleslas|last2=Rice|first2=Stephen L.|date=1997-11-19|orig-date=printed 1902 as {{Lang|fr|Grammaire du Solrésol}}, translated 1997|title=Grammar of Solresol, or the Universal Language of François Sudre|url=http://www.ptialaska.net/~srice/solresol/sorsoeng.htm|website=Stephen L. Rice: The Solresol Page|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070413035441if_/http://www.ptialaska.net/~srice/solresol/sorsoeng.htm|archive-date=2007-04-13|access-date=2019-09-29|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="grammar_pdf">{{Cite web|last=Gajewski|first=Boleslas|editor-last1=Rice|editor-first1=Stephen L.|editor-last2=Bigham|editor-first2=Doug|year=2005|orig-date=printed 1902 as {{Lang|fr|Grammaire du Solrésol}}, translated 1997 (Rice), revised 2005 (Bigham)|title=Grammar of Solresol, or the Universal Language of François Sudre|url=https://i.sidosi.org/resources/grammar-of-solresol-bigham/grammar-of-solresol-bigham.pdf|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217001045if_/https://i.sidosi.org/resources/grammar-of-solresol-bigham/grammar-of-solresol-bigham.pdf|archive-date=2019-12-17|access-date=2019-12-16|df=mdy-all}}</ref> To je najviše publicirana verzija Solresola, zahvaljujući překladu na anglijsky od Stephena L. Ricea iz 1997,{{R|grammar_pdf}}{{R|grammar_eng}} s znatnom količinom slovnika izměnjenogo od originala, kao i něktore gramatike. Jedny priměr je slovo ''fasol'', definovano kao "tutaj" v Sudreovom slovniku, ale "začto?" v Gajewskom. Tretja je neoficijalna verzija razvijana vremenom od komunity, nazvana "Moderny Solresol". Ona koristi Sudreovu verziju kao bazu, s prilagodbami gramatike i slovnika, takimi jako izměna definicij ''sisol'' i ''sila'' od značenja "Gospodin" i "Mlady muž" na sistem [[honorifik|honorifikov]] inspiriran onym koristanym v japonščině; oba su rodno-neutralne titule, jedna za byti poštivy, a druga za byti ljubazny.<ref name="Modern Solresol Dictionary">{{Cite web|last1=Osteen|first1=Garrison|last2=Walters|first2=Scott|last3=Parson|first3=Daniel|last4=Fernandez|first4=Tobias|date=2018-03-12|title=Solresol Dictionary Modernised|url=https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/182okssrHseIggjHGlzWyFH81-o8y8EsvQtJfPJYu6r8/edit|format=XLSX|website=Google Sheets|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250829164017if_/https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/182okssrHseIggjHGlzWyFH81-o8y8EsvQtJfPJYu6r8/edit|archive-date=2025-08-29|archive-format=XLSX|access-date=2019-12-22|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Gajewskogo publikacija donesla razne dodatky ktore ne konfliktu s originalnom verzijom jezyka, taki jako razne nove metody komunikacije,{{R|grammar_pdf|p=16}} vključujući: skup symbolov koristane sedmih barv duhy, i koristane [[tonic sol-fa]] za signiranje jezyka ==Fonologija== [[File:Solresol.svg|thumb|right|Sedm konvencionalnyh not, barv, sylab, čisel i glifov koristanyh za prenos fonemov Solresola]] Solresol może być komunikovany koristajući sedm različnyh predmetov, s maksimumom pet na slovo. Statistički, ty kombinacije daju sedm jedno-sylabnyh slov, 49 dvuh-sylabnyh, 336 tri-sylabnyh, 2.268 četyr-sylabnyh i 9.072 pet-sylabnyh, za ukupno 11.732 mogućih primarnyh slov.<ref name="pei" /> Glavna metoda komunikacije je koristane sedmih [[solfedžio]] sylab (forma [[solmizacija|solmizacije]]), ktore mogu byti akcentovane, prodloužene ili ponovljene. Najprostši način koristati ty sylaby je govoriti ih jako by one byly regularne [[sylaba|sylaby]]. Zbog togo že predchádza [[Medžunarodny fonetičny alfabet|IPA]], ne postoje posebna pravila izgovora izvan standardnyh čitanj solfège. Zbog togo že vsaka sylaba je dovoljno odlična, mogu byti izgovorjene skoro vsakym načinom ktory čytateľ preferuje.{{CitationNeeded|date=July 2025}} Sudre je izložil način transkripcije fonetiky francozskogo (i tako mnogih drugih jezykov) do Solresola, primarno koristany za vlastne imenice.{{r|lmu1866|p=32}} Koristajući občne izgovory kako su dane od strane [[Wiktionary|Vikislovnika]], je moguće rekonstruovati tabulu glasov koristajući modernu IPA. Zbog malog broja sylab, je potrebno ostaviti kratku pauzu medźu slovami tako da vsako slovo ostane jasno odvojeno. Kako je primetil Boleslas Gajewski: "člověk bi měl věnovati veliku pozornost pauzi po vsakom slovu; ta mala pauza je potrebna za odvajanje slov, tako da slušatelj ne bude zbunjen".{{R|grammar_eng|p=Reversed meanings}} ===Slovnik=== V Solresol [[morfologija (lingvistika)|morfologiji]], vsako slovo je poděleno na kategorije ili značenja ili funkcije, gdźe duža slova su občno specifičnjejša. Slova se razlikuju po treh glavnyh karakteristikah: početnoj sylabě, dužině slova, i tomu da li ima par ponovljenih sylab. Slova koja su jedna i dve sylaby duge su koristana za [[Zaimennik|zaimenniky]] i občne [[Gramatična čestica|čestice]], a ty s ponovljenimi sylabami su [[Gramatično vreme|vremena]]. Slova koja su jednu sylabu duga su posvećena slovima ktora su često koristana (v času stvorenja Solresola). Ty ktore uključuju ponavljajuće sylaby su rezervovane za "čisla, měsece goda, dni neděle i temperatury [pogodne uslove]", na pr. redodo "jedny", remimi "dva" (po Gajewskom). Slova koja su četyri sylaby duga spadaju v razne tematske kategorije. Na pr., slova počinjuća s 'sol', koja ne uključuju ponovljene sylaby, imaju značenja vezana za umetnosti ili nauky (na pr. soldoredo, "umetnost"; solmiredo, "akustika").{{r|lmu1866|p=22.V}} Však, ako slova koja su četyri sylaby duga imaju par ponovljenih sylab, njihova značenja se odnose na bolesti ili medicinu (na pr. solsolredo, "migrena"; solreresol, "ospice").{{r|lmu1866|p=23.VI}} Točnjejše, klase bez ponovljenih sylab su: ''do'': člověk, njegovo tělo i duh, intelektualne sposobnosti, kvalitete i hrana; ''re'': odeća, dom, domaćinstvo i porodica; ''mi'': činjenja človeka i njegove mane; ''fa'': selo, putovanja, vojna, more; ''sol'': lepe umetnosti i nauky; ''la'': industrija i trgovina; ''si'': město, vlada i administracija. S ponovljenimi sylabami, iste sylaby daju: ''do'': religija; ''re'': konstrukcija i razne obrti; ''mi'': predlogi, prislovne fraze i izolovane prislovy; ''fa'': bolesti; ''sol'': bolesti (nast.); ''la'': industrija i trgovina (jako u tipu bez ponavljanja); ''si'': pravda, magistratura i sudovi. Konačno, kombinacije pet sylab označavaju životinje, rośliny i minerale. Po defaultu, vse žive imenice i zaimenniky podrazuměvaju da su mužskogo roda. Za razlikovanje ženskogo roda, bar, [[pomišljaj|pomišljaj]] ili [[makron (diakritika)|makron]] se dodaje na konačnu sylabu odgovarajućeg člena ili samogo slova. V govoru, to se označava ponavljanjem vokala sylaby, s [[glotalna stop|glotalnom stopom]] koja odvaja ponovljenu vokalu od ostatka slova.{{r|lmu1866|p=24}} Však, v modernyh překladah, zaimenniky se ne měnje v zavisnosti od [[Gramatičny rod|roda]]. Umesto toga, oni se prosto prevode na anglijsky kao neutralne zaimenniky; it i they. Jedna unikatna karakteristika Solresola je da značenja mogu byti obrnuta obrtanjem sylab v slovah. Na pr. ''fala'' znači dobro ili ukusno, a ''lafa'' znači zlo. Prekidi v logičkom poredu slov v vsakoj kategoriji su občno uzrokovani tymi obrtivymi slovami.{{r|lmu1866|p=31.XXI}} {| style="background: transparent; border: hidden;" | style="padding: 0 2em;" | {| class="wikitable" | [[File:Solresol - misol.jpg|x88px]] | [[File:Solresol - solmi.jpg|x88px]] |- | style="text-align: center;" | '''misol''': "dobro" | style="text-align: center;" | '''solmi''': "zlo" |} | style="padding-left: 2em;" | {| class="wikitable" | [[File:Solresol - domisol.jpg|x88px]] | [[File:Solresol - solmido.jpg|x88px]] |- | style="text-align: center;" | '''domisol''': "[[Bog]]" | style="text-align: center;" | '''solmido''': "[[Djavol]]" |} |} Však, ne vsa slova su obrtiva v tom smyslu, taki jako ''dorefare'' znači vrat, a ''refaredo'' znači garderoba, ktore očigledno nisu suprotnosti. Slědujuća tabula pokazuje slova do dvuh sylab iz Gajewskogo slovnika: {| class="wikitable" ! {{Diagonal split header|style=height: 3em; width: 7em|1. syl.|2. syl.}} ! ''Nijedna'' ! style="background-color: #f69;" | -do ! style="background-color: #f96;" | -re ! style="background-color: #ff9;" | -mi ! style="background-color: #9f6;" | -fa ! style="background-color: #9ff;" | -sol ! style="background-color: #96f;" | -la ! style="background-color: #f9f;" | -si/-ti |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #f69;" | Do- | style="background-color: #f69;" | ne, ni, niti | style="background-color: #f69;" | (prošlo) | ja, mene || ty [sg] || on || se, sebe || jedny, někto || drugy |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #f96;" | Re- | style="background-color: #f96;" | i, tak jako | moj, moje | style="background-color: #f96;" | (pluperfekt) | tvoj, tvoje [sg] || njegov || naš, naše || vaš, vaše [pl] || njihov |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #ff9;" | Mi- | style="background-color: #ff9;" | ili, ili čak | za, da bi/da || ktory, koja (odnos. zaim.), že (veznik) | style="background-color: #ff9;" | (buduće) | čij, čija || dobro (prisl.) || tutaj je/tu je, gle || dobar večer/noć |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #9f6;" | Fa- | style="background-color: #9f6;" | k, ka | što? || s, sa, zajedno || ovaj, ova, ovo | style="background-color: #9f6;" | (kond.) | začto, iz kog razloga || dobro, ukusno, slasno || mnogo, velmi, krajno |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #9ff;" | Sol- | style="background-color: #9ff;" | ako | ale || v, unutra || zlo, loše (prisl.) || zato, jer | style="background-color: #9ff;" | (imperativ) | věčno, vsegda, bez konca || hvala, hvaly |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #96f;" | <span style="color: #000;">La-</span> | style="background-color: #96f;" | <span style="color: #000;">ty (člen)</span> | ničto, nikto, nijedny || od, po || tutaj, tam || zlo, loše || nikogda, nikad | style="background-color: #96f;" | <span style="color: #000;">(prezentni participij)</span> || od, iz |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #f9f;"| Si-/Ti- | style="background-color: #f9f;" | da, dobro, rado, složeno | isto (stvar) | vsaky, každy | dobro jutro/popoldne | malo, jedva |gospodin, pan |mlady muž, neženja | style="background-color: #f9f;" | <span style="color: #000;">(pasivny participij)</span> |} Određeny člen ima razne forme za [[Nominativ|nominativny]], [[Genitiv|genitivny]] i [[Dativ|dativny]] padež, ili, v anglijskom, za "the", "to the" i "of the": 'la', 'fa' i 'lasi', po redu.{{r|lmu1866|p=23-24.VII-VIII}} ==Gramatika== Osim naglaska i dužiny, slova Solresola se ne inflektuju. Da bi rečenice ostale jasne, posebno s mogućnošću gubitka informacij pri komunikaciji, odredjene časti řeči sleduju strog slovored. :Prěvjesniki vsegda sleduju imenicu ktoru određuju. :Nepremni objekty vsegda dolaze poslě glagola.{{r|lmu1866|p=26.XII}} :Priměry dane v originalnoj dokumentaciji ukazuju na [[subjekt–glagol–objekt slovored|slovored subjekt–glagol–objekt]],{{R|lmu1866|p=29.XVII}} však, to ne bi mělo imati značenje dok rečenica ostaje prosta i jasna. :Vremena vsegda prethode glagolom.{{r|lmu1866|p=30.XIX}} Da bi se slovo stvorilo u množini, [[akút|akútny naglasak]] se dodaje iznad poslednje sylaby, ktory se v govoru izgovara produženjem poslednje bukvy te sylaby.{{r|lmu1866|p=24.IX}} Priměry kako označiti množinu mužskih i ženskih slov: :''resimire'' brat, ''resimirē/resimire-e'' sestra :''resimiré'' bracia, ''resimiréē/resimiré-e'' sestry To utiče samo na prvo slovo v [[imenična fraza|imeničnoj frazi]]. To jest, utiče samo na imenicu kada je imenica sama, jako iznad. Ako je slovo popraćeno gramatičkom česticom (la, fa ili lasi), čestica će nositi oznaku roda i/ili broja umesto toga: :''la resimire'' [ty] brat, ''lā/la-a resimire'' [ta] sestra :''lá resimire'' [ty] bracia, ''láā/lá-a resimire'' [ty] sestry Časti řeči (jako i specifičnjejše definicije za něktora slova) se izvode iz glagol postavljanjem [[cirkumfleks|cirkumfleksa]] iznad jedne od sylab v pisanju, i izgovaranjem te sylaby s [[Glossary of music terminology#R|rinforzando]] (iznenadny naglasak ili [[Dynamics (music)#Gradual changes|crescendo]]). S naglaskom postavljenim na prvu sylabu, slovo postaje imenica. V četyri-sylabnyh slovah, naglašavanje druge sylaby stvara imenicu činitelja. [[Penult]]imna sylaba stvara prěvjesnik, a poslednja stvara prislov.{{r|lmu1866|p=25.XI}} Na pr., :''midofa'' preferovati, ''mîdofa'' preferencija, ''midôfa'' preferabilny, ''midofâ'' preferabilno :''resolmila'' nastaviti, ''rêsolmila'' nastavjenje, ''resôlmila'' jedny ktory nastavlja, ''resolmîla'' staly, ''resolmilâ'' stalno Na kompjuteryh koristajući rasporede klavijatur bez cirkumfleksa, sylaba może być napisana velikimi bukvami, ili [[caret]] postavljen medźu bukvy sylaby ili poslě sylaby. Zbog gramatike i slovoreda Solresola, razlikovanje častij řeči občno nije potrebno za razuměnje rečenice. Razne [[tense–aspect–mood|vremensko-načinske]] čestice su dvojne sylaby, kako je dato u slovniku iznad. Dodatno, po Gajewskom, pasivne glagoly se tvore s ''faremi'' medźu tom česticom i glagolom. Subjunktiv se tvori s ''mire'' pred zaimennikom. Negacija ''do'' se pojavljuje samo jednom v klauzi, pred slovom koje negira. Slovo ''fasi'' pred imenicom ili prěvjesnikom je [[augmentativ|augmentativno]]; poslě njega je [[Degrees of comparison of adjectives and adverbs|superlativ]]. ''Sifa'' je suprotnost ([[diminutiv|diminutivno]]):{{r|lmu1866|p=21.III}} :''fala'' dobro, ''fasi fala'' velmi dobro, ''fala fasi'' odlično, najbolje; ''sifa fala'' dobro (ali ne odlično), ''fala sifa'' ne velmi dobro (i slično s ''lafa'' zlo) :''sisire'' vjetar, ''fasi sisire'' oluja, ''sisire fasi'' ciklon; ''sifa sisire'' povjetarac, ''sisire sifa'' kretanje vazduha Pitanja Pitanja v Solresolu ne dobijaju mnogo pažnje u originalnoj dokumentaciji, niti imaju mnogo priměrov. Sudreova publikacija uključuje tri priměra upitnyh rečenic:{{r|lmu1866|p=127}} :Je vaše zdravlje dobro? – Redofafa? :Hoćete li ići na selo ove godine? – Fadoremi? :Hoćete li ići u pozorište večeras? – Soldoremi? Da bi se to stvorilo kao potvrdna izjava, dodaje se osobny zaimennik poslě: :Moje zdravlje je dobro. – Redofafa dore. :Ići ću na selo ove godine. – Fadoremi dore. :Ići ću u pozorište večeras. – Soldoremi dore. Gajewski umesto toga postavlja subjekt rečenice poslě glagola umesto pred glagolom, konstrukcija občna v evropskih jezycich. Nektery priměry su:{{R|grammar_eng|p=Interrogation and Negation}} :Jesam li? – Faremi dore? :Razumije li on? – Falafa dofa? :Učite li? – Sidosi domi? V vsih verzijah jezyka, postoje slova četyri sylaby duga, ponovljena "Mi" sekcija slovnika koja uključuje neka občna pitanja, taki jako:{{r|lmu1866|p=109.123}} :Miladodo? – Do kogo stepena/mjere? :Milarere? – Dobro? :Misirere? – Kto je to? ==Solresol pismo== [[File:Solresol symbols.svg|thumb|Symboly Solresola]] Pismo koristano v Solresolu sastoji se od sedmih unikatnyh symbolov, vsaky predstavljajući jednu od sedmih "not". Na pr., "[[C (muzikalna nota)|Do]]" je krug, a "[[G (muzikalna nota)|Sol]]" je horizontalna linija. Slova Solresola se tvore povezivanjem symbolov v poredu kako se pojavljuju v slovu. Dvojne note se predstavljaju križanjem symbola. [[File:Solresol words.svg|thumb|Nekta osnovna slova Solresola]] Druge karakteristike Nepristrasny i relativno prosty Integrovane sistemy ([[znakovny jezyk|znakovny jezyk]], barvy, itd.) za većinu [[invaliditet|ometenj]], odmah operativne bez posebnogo učenja Brzo uspěšno učenje za nepismene (samo sedm sylab ili znakov ili deset bukv za znati i prepoznati) Vrlo prosty ali efektivny sistem za razlikovanje funkcij slov v rečenicah Koristajući [[tonic sol-fa]] sistem od [[John Curwen|Johna Curwena]], Solresol może też być [[znakovny jezyk|znakovano]]. Daljnji razvoj Drugi način koristania Solresola se naziva ''ses'', razvijen od [[C. George Boeree|C. Georgea Boereea]].<ref name="loan_words">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|title=Using loan words in Solresol|url=https://www.tumblr.com/sidosi/181390815161/using-loan-words-in-solresol|website=Tumblr|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251128152044if_/https://www.tumblr.com/sidosi/181390815161/using-loan-words-in-solresol|archive-date=2025-11-28|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Koristajući to, note dobijaju reprezentativne konsonante i vokale (ili diftongy). Najprostša slova koriste samo vokalu, dok vsa druga koriste složenjejšu strukturu sylab. do ⇒ p / o re ⇒ k / e mi ⇒ m / i fa ⇒ f / a sol ⇒ s / u la ⇒ l / au ti ⇒ t / ai Na ovaj način, można pisati ili izgovarati slova taki jako to: : sol-sol-re-do ⇒ suko (cvcv) – migrena Zato što se množina i ženske forme slov u Solresolu označavaju naglaskom ili dužinom glasov, ses koristi ''pau'' (nektory) ili ''fai'' (mnogo) za označavanje množiny, i ''mu'' (dobro) za označavanje ženskogo roda kogda je potrebno. == Kodiranje == Zahtev za [[ISO 639-3]] jezykovy kod, privremeno predloženy jako {{Code|sud}}, był upućen [[SIL Global|SIL-u]] 28 avgusta 2017,<ref name="sil_change">{{Cite web|author=SIL International|author-link=SIL Global|date=2017-08-28|title=ISO 639-3 Registration Authority Request for Change No. 2017-032|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032.pdf|website=ISO 639-3|publication-place=[[Dallas]]|format=PDF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605171450if_/https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032.pdf|archive-date=2019-06-05|archive-format=PDF|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="sil_new">{{Cite web|author=SIL International|author-link=SIL Global|date=2017-08-28|title=Request for New Language Code Element in ISO 639-3: [sud]|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032_sud.pdf|website=ISO 639-3|publication-place=[[Dallas]]|format=PDF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605171450if_/https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032_sud.pdf|archive-date=2019-06-05|archive-format=PDF|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="sidosi_request">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|date=2017-07-28|title=The Road to ISO 639-3|url=https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=310|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230829154231if_/https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=310|archive-date=2023-08-29|access-date=2018-10-22|df=mdy-all}}</ref> ale był odrinuły 23 janvara 2018.<ref name="sil_rejection">{{Cite web|author=SIL International|author-link=SIL Global|date=2018-01-23|title=Comments received for ISO 639-3 Change Request 2017-032|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/CR_Comments_2017-032.pdf|website=ISO 639-3|publication-place=[[Dallas]]|format=PDF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605171452if_/https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/CR_Comments_2017-032.pdf|archive-date=2019-06-05|archive-format=PDF|page=2|access-date=2019-09-27|df=mdy-all|quote=Zahtev za stvorenje koda [sud] za Solresol je odrinuły.}}</ref><ref name="sidosi_rejection">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|date=2018-02-01|title=Beyond ISO 639-3 (for now)|url=https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=350|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230829153926if_/https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=350|archive-date=2023-08-29|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Solresol je dobil kody {{Code|qso}} i {{Code|art-x-solresol}} v [[Codes for constructed languages|ConLang Code Registry]].<ref name="clcr">{{Cite web|last=Bettencourt|first=Rebecca G.|date=2015-01-08|title=ConLang Code Registry|url=https://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/|website=Kreative Korporation|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221127152005if_/http://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/|archive-date=2022-11-27|access-date=2021-04-06|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Sedm osnovnyh symbolov bylo predloženo za registraciju v [[ConScript Unicode Registry]].<ref name="csur">{{Cite web|last=Everson|first=Michael|author-link=Michael Everson|date=1997-01-21|title=Solresol: U+E770–U+E77F|url=https://www.evertype.com/standards/csur/solresol.html|website=ConScript Unicode Registry|publisher=Evertype|publication-place=[[Lecanvey]], [[Ireland]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417191120if_/https://www.evertype.com/standards/csur/solresol.html|archive-date=2021-04-17|access-date=2021-04-06|df=mdy-all}}</ref> == Priměrne teksty == ; Član 1 ''[[Universalne deklaracije človečih prav]]'' v anglijskom : ''All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.''<ref name="undr">{{Cite wikisource|author=United Nations Commission on Human Rights|author-link=Drafting of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights|date=1948-12-10|title=Universal Declaration of Human Rights|wsat=Article 1|scan=Page:Universal Declaration of Human Rights.djvu/2|publisher=[[United Nations]]|location=[[Paris]]|iconfirst=yes|nolink=yes}}</ref> ; Isti tekst v Solresolu : Siré misolredo faremi doredore domisimi re misóla, solfalafá dósila re réfasi. Dófa faremi remila fare dômilafa re dôfasifa, re fafa fasolfa midolǎ fare dômisola lasi sîmisila. ; Predstavlene koristajući ''ses'' Solresol : Sé muro fem pepe omúm e múl, salá ósau e éfai. Óf fem ril fe ômauf e ôfaif, e fa fuf ipǎu fe ômul lai âimail. Također vidźte [[muzikalny jezyk]] [[solfedžio]] [[Tonic sol-fa]] [[Voyage to Faremido]] [[Ro jezyk]] ==Literatura== {{Iztočniky}} == Daljnje čitanje == {{Cite book|last=Sudre|first=François|year=1866|title=Langue Musicale Universelle|url=http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/ladosol.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070831060525if_/http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/ladosol.html|archive-date=2007-08-31|publication-place=Paris|language=fr}} – HTML verzija celogo teksta Sudreovogo toma iz 1866, s originalnym [https://web.archive.org/web/20070831061613if_/http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/lrls_sosfs.html slovnikom] i [https://web.archive.org/web/20080310234035/http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/solrelaF.html frazeologijom] (v francozskom). {{Cite book|last1=Couturat|first1=Louis|last2=Leau|first2=Léopold|year=1903|title=Histoire de la Langue Universelle|url=https://archive.org/details/histoiredelalang00coutuoft|publisher=Librairie Hachette|publication-place=[[Paris]]|language=fr|access-date=2025-11-28|df=mdy-all}} {{Cite book|last=Eco|first=Umberto|author-link=Umberto Eco|date=1997-04-08|title=The Search for the Perfect Language|url=https://archive.org/details/searchforperfect00ecou|publisher=[[Wiley-Blackwell]]|publication-place=[[Cambridge, Massachusetts|Cambridge, Mass.]]|edition=1|series=The Making of Europe|isbn=978-0-631-20510-4|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}} ==Zewnętrzne linky== {{Commons category|Solresol}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20191115021254if_/https://www.omniglot.com/writing/solresol.htm Solresol jezyk i stenografično pismo] na Omniglot, online enciklopediji sistemov pisanja i jezykov Anglijsko-Solresol slovniky od [https://web.archive.org/web/20250121193252if_/http://www.datapacrat.com/True/LANG/SOLRESOL/DICTIONA.HTM Jasona Hutchensa] (6 julija 1998) i [https://web.archive.org/web/20100923132246if_/http://www.ifost.org.au/~gregb/solresol/sorsolex.htm Stephena L. Ricea] (19 novembra 1997) [https://web.archive.org/web/20231130083816if_/http://sharyphil.com/root/solresol-the-project/ SolReSol: Projekt v0.95] od Phila Sharyja, open source Solresol–anglijsky i anglijsky–Solresol překladateľsky program za Windows (32- i 64-bitny) s live MIDI podporom (24 februara 2015) [https://web.archive.org/web/20250818235352if_/https://wiki.xxiivv.com/site/solresol.html Moderny Simetričny Solresol] od Davida Mondou-Labbého (28 septembra 2023) [https://eliseduv.dev/solresol/ Překladač Anglijsky↔Solresol] ==Iztočniky== {{Iztočniky}} {{Umětne jezyky}} [[Kategorija:1827 introdukcije]] [[Kategorija:Analitične jezyky]] [[Kategorija:Konstruovane jezyky]] [[Kategorija:Medžunarodne pomočne jezyky]] [[Kategorija:jezyky potvrđene od 1820-tyh]] [[Kategorija:muzikalne jezyky]] nixz7ua1lihc0f1w5t37e71jmtidziu 45628 45627 2026-08-13T08:06:15Z Ilja isv 10 /* Literatura */ 45628 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kartka jezyk | name = Solresol | nativename = <center>''[[solfedžio]]'': Sol-Re-Sol</center> | image = Solresol-langage.svg | created = 1827 | creator = [[François Sudre|{{-|François Sudre|Франсуа Судр}}]] | fam1 = [[umětne jezyky]] | fam2 = [[Pomočny jezyk]], [[Umětne jezyky#A priori|a priori]] | fam3 = [[muzikalny jezyk]] | posteriori = [[Umětne jezyky#A priori|a priori]] | script = pismo Solresol ; [[solfedžio]]; [[noty]]; [[barvy spektra]] | sign = Podpisana notacija; [[tonic sol-fa]] znaky od [[John Curwen]] | iso3 = qso | iso3comment = [https://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/ (lokalno koristane)] | glotto = none | ietf = [https://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/ art-x-solresol] }} '''Solresol''' ([[solfedžio]]: [[G (muzikalna nota)|Sol]]-[[D (muzikalna nota)|Re]]-[[G (muzikalna nota)|Sol]]), prvonačelno nazyvany {{Lang|fr|Langue universelle}} (bukv. 'Universalny jezyk') a potom {{Lang|fr|Langue musicale universelle}} ('Universalny muzikalny jezyk'), je [[muzikalny jezyk|muzikalny]] [[umětny jezyk]] stvorjeny od francozskogo učiteľa musiky i kompozitora [[François Sudre|Jean-Françoisa Sudrea]] (1787–1862), počinajući v 1817. Njegova kniga definujuća to, {{Lang|fr|Langue Musicale Universelle}}, była publikovana posmrtno v 1866,<ref name="lmu1866">{{Cite book|last=Sudre|first=François|year=1866|title=Langue Musicale Universelle|url=https://www.ifost.org.au/~gregb/solresol/sudre-book.pdf|format=PDF|url-status=live|publication-place=[[Paris]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320142510if_/http://www.ifost.org.au/~gregb/solresol/sudre-book.pdf|archive-date=2012-03-20|archive-format=PDF|language=fr|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> iako je on već několik godin publiciral to. Solresol doživil kratky čas popularnosti v drugej polovici 19. stolěća i był sponzorovan od takyh osob jako [[Victor Hugo]], [[Alphonse de Lamartine]], [[Alexander von Humboldt]] i [[Napoleon III]],<ref name="pei">{{Cite book|last=Pei|first=Mario|author-link=Mario Pei|year=1969|title=Wanted: A World Language|type=Pamphlet|series=Public Affairs|volume=434|pages=11–12|publisher=Public Affairs Committee|publication-place=[[New York City]]|url=http://www.autodidactproject.org/other/pei_worldlg.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180125230417if_/http://www.autodidactproject.org/other/pei_worldlg.html|archive-date=2018-01-25|access-date=2025-11-28|df=mdy-all}}</ref> kulminujući s publikacijom [[Boleslas Gajewski|Boleslasa Gajewskogo]] {{Lang|fr|Grammaire du Solresol}} v 1902. Dnes, postoje male komunity entuzijastov Solresola rozsypane po cělem světě.<ref name="sidosi">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|title=Sidosi Home|url=https://www.sidosi.org/|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004090845if_/https://www.sidosi.org/|archive-date=2023-10-04|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> == Evolucija == Postoji několik verzij Solresola, každá s malymi razlikami. Tri glavne varijacije ktore su ješte v oběgu—Sudre, Gajewski i "Modern"—razlikuju se pretežno v različnyh elementah slovnika, a složaju se pretežno o gramatike. Sudre je stvoril jezyk, i tako njegova verzija zaslužuje nazv byti originalnom verzijom Solresola. Vincent Gajewski, parizsky profesor, popularizoval jezyk jako predsednik Centralnogo Komiteta za Studium i Napredovanje Solresola, ktory był osnovan v 1869 od Sudreove udovy, Joséphine, da bi dalje promoviral njegovo dělo. Boleslas Gajewski, Vincentov syn i sam profesor, formalizoval gramatiku i napisal definitivno dělo o jezyka: {{Language with name/for|fr|Grammaire du Solrésol|Gramatika Solresola}}.<ref name="grammar_eng">{{Cite web|last1=Gajewski|first1=Boleslas|last2=Rice|first2=Stephen L.|date=1997-11-19|orig-date=printed 1902 as {{Lang|fr|Grammaire du Solrésol}}, translated 1997|title=Grammar of Solresol, or the Universal Language of François Sudre|url=http://www.ptialaska.net/~srice/solresol/sorsoeng.htm|website=Stephen L. Rice: The Solresol Page|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070413035441if_/http://www.ptialaska.net/~srice/solresol/sorsoeng.htm|archive-date=2007-04-13|access-date=2019-09-29|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="grammar_pdf">{{Cite web|last=Gajewski|first=Boleslas|editor-last1=Rice|editor-first1=Stephen L.|editor-last2=Bigham|editor-first2=Doug|year=2005|orig-date=printed 1902 as {{Lang|fr|Grammaire du Solrésol}}, translated 1997 (Rice), revised 2005 (Bigham)|title=Grammar of Solresol, or the Universal Language of François Sudre|url=https://i.sidosi.org/resources/grammar-of-solresol-bigham/grammar-of-solresol-bigham.pdf|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217001045if_/https://i.sidosi.org/resources/grammar-of-solresol-bigham/grammar-of-solresol-bigham.pdf|archive-date=2019-12-17|access-date=2019-12-16|df=mdy-all}}</ref> To je najviše publicirana verzija Solresola, zahvaljujući překladu na anglijsky od Stephena L. Ricea iz 1997,{{R|grammar_pdf}}{{R|grammar_eng}} s znatnom količinom slovnika izměnjenogo od originala, kao i něktore gramatike. Jedny priměr je slovo ''fasol'', definovano kao "tutaj" v Sudreovom slovniku, ale "začto?" v Gajewskom. Tretja je neoficijalna verzija razvijana vremenom od komunity, nazvana "Moderny Solresol". Ona koristi Sudreovu verziju kao bazu, s prilagodbami gramatike i slovnika, takimi jako izměna definicij ''sisol'' i ''sila'' od značenja "Gospodin" i "Mlady muž" na sistem [[honorifik|honorifikov]] inspiriran onym koristanym v japonščině; oba su rodno-neutralne titule, jedna za byti poštivy, a druga za byti ljubazny.<ref name="Modern Solresol Dictionary">{{Cite web|last1=Osteen|first1=Garrison|last2=Walters|first2=Scott|last3=Parson|first3=Daniel|last4=Fernandez|first4=Tobias|date=2018-03-12|title=Solresol Dictionary Modernised|url=https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/182okssrHseIggjHGlzWyFH81-o8y8EsvQtJfPJYu6r8/edit|format=XLSX|website=Google Sheets|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250829164017if_/https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/182okssrHseIggjHGlzWyFH81-o8y8EsvQtJfPJYu6r8/edit|archive-date=2025-08-29|archive-format=XLSX|access-date=2019-12-22|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Gajewskogo publikacija donesla razne dodatky ktore ne konfliktu s originalnom verzijom jezyka, taki jako razne nove metody komunikacije,{{R|grammar_pdf|p=16}} vključujući: skup symbolov koristane sedmih barv duhy, i koristane [[tonic sol-fa]] za signiranje jezyka ==Fonologija== [[File:Solresol.svg|thumb|right|Sedm konvencionalnyh not, barv, sylab, čisel i glifov koristanyh za prenos fonemov Solresola]] Solresol może być komunikovany koristajući sedm različnyh predmetov, s maksimumom pet na slovo. Statistički, ty kombinacije daju sedm jedno-sylabnyh slov, 49 dvuh-sylabnyh, 336 tri-sylabnyh, 2.268 četyr-sylabnyh i 9.072 pet-sylabnyh, za ukupno 11.732 mogućih primarnyh slov.<ref name="pei" /> Glavna metoda komunikacije je koristane sedmih [[solfedžio]] sylab (forma [[solmizacija|solmizacije]]), ktore mogu byti akcentovane, prodloužene ili ponovljene. Najprostši način koristati ty sylaby je govoriti ih jako by one byly regularne [[sylaba|sylaby]]. Zbog togo že predchádza [[Medžunarodny fonetičny alfabet|IPA]], ne postoje posebna pravila izgovora izvan standardnyh čitanj solfège. Zbog togo že vsaka sylaba je dovoljno odlična, mogu byti izgovorjene skoro vsakym načinom ktory čytateľ preferuje.{{CitationNeeded|date=July 2025}} Sudre je izložil način transkripcije fonetiky francozskogo (i tako mnogih drugih jezykov) do Solresola, primarno koristany za vlastne imenice.{{r|lmu1866|p=32}} Koristajući občne izgovory kako su dane od strane [[Wiktionary|Vikislovnika]], je moguće rekonstruovati tabulu glasov koristajući modernu IPA. Zbog malog broja sylab, je potrebno ostaviti kratku pauzu medźu slovami tako da vsako slovo ostane jasno odvojeno. Kako je primetil Boleslas Gajewski: "člověk bi měl věnovati veliku pozornost pauzi po vsakom slovu; ta mala pauza je potrebna za odvajanje slov, tako da slušatelj ne bude zbunjen".{{R|grammar_eng|p=Reversed meanings}} ===Slovnik=== V Solresol [[morfologija (lingvistika)|morfologiji]], vsako slovo je poděleno na kategorije ili značenja ili funkcije, gdźe duža slova su občno specifičnjejša. Slova se razlikuju po treh glavnyh karakteristikah: početnoj sylabě, dužině slova, i tomu da li ima par ponovljenih sylab. Slova koja su jedna i dve sylaby duge su koristana za [[Zaimennik|zaimenniky]] i občne [[Gramatična čestica|čestice]], a ty s ponovljenimi sylabami su [[Gramatično vreme|vremena]]. Slova koja su jednu sylabu duga su posvećena slovima ktora su često koristana (v času stvorenja Solresola). Ty ktore uključuju ponavljajuće sylaby su rezervovane za "čisla, měsece goda, dni neděle i temperatury [pogodne uslove]", na pr. redodo "jedny", remimi "dva" (po Gajewskom). Slova koja su četyri sylaby duga spadaju v razne tematske kategorije. Na pr., slova počinjuća s 'sol', koja ne uključuju ponovljene sylaby, imaju značenja vezana za umetnosti ili nauky (na pr. soldoredo, "umetnost"; solmiredo, "akustika").{{r|lmu1866|p=22.V}} Však, ako slova koja su četyri sylaby duga imaju par ponovljenih sylab, njihova značenja se odnose na bolesti ili medicinu (na pr. solsolredo, "migrena"; solreresol, "ospice").{{r|lmu1866|p=23.VI}} Točnjejše, klase bez ponovljenih sylab su: ''do'': člověk, njegovo tělo i duh, intelektualne sposobnosti, kvalitete i hrana; ''re'': odeća, dom, domaćinstvo i porodica; ''mi'': činjenja človeka i njegove mane; ''fa'': selo, putovanja, vojna, more; ''sol'': lepe umetnosti i nauky; ''la'': industrija i trgovina; ''si'': město, vlada i administracija. S ponovljenimi sylabami, iste sylaby daju: ''do'': religija; ''re'': konstrukcija i razne obrti; ''mi'': predlogi, prislovne fraze i izolovane prislovy; ''fa'': bolesti; ''sol'': bolesti (nast.); ''la'': industrija i trgovina (jako u tipu bez ponavljanja); ''si'': pravda, magistratura i sudovi. Konačno, kombinacije pet sylab označavaju životinje, rośliny i minerale. Po defaultu, vse žive imenice i zaimenniky podrazuměvaju da su mužskogo roda. Za razlikovanje ženskogo roda, bar, [[pomišljaj|pomišljaj]] ili [[makron (diakritika)|makron]] se dodaje na konačnu sylabu odgovarajućeg člena ili samogo slova. V govoru, to se označava ponavljanjem vokala sylaby, s [[glotalna stop|glotalnom stopom]] koja odvaja ponovljenu vokalu od ostatka slova.{{r|lmu1866|p=24}} Však, v modernyh překladah, zaimenniky se ne měnje v zavisnosti od [[Gramatičny rod|roda]]. Umesto toga, oni se prosto prevode na anglijsky kao neutralne zaimenniky; it i they. Jedna unikatna karakteristika Solresola je da značenja mogu byti obrnuta obrtanjem sylab v slovah. Na pr. ''fala'' znači dobro ili ukusno, a ''lafa'' znači zlo. Prekidi v logičkom poredu slov v vsakoj kategoriji su občno uzrokovani tymi obrtivymi slovami.{{r|lmu1866|p=31.XXI}} {| style="background: transparent; border: hidden;" | style="padding: 0 2em;" | {| class="wikitable" | [[File:Solresol - misol.jpg|x88px]] | [[File:Solresol - solmi.jpg|x88px]] |- | style="text-align: center;" | '''misol''': "dobro" | style="text-align: center;" | '''solmi''': "zlo" |} | style="padding-left: 2em;" | {| class="wikitable" | [[File:Solresol - domisol.jpg|x88px]] | [[File:Solresol - solmido.jpg|x88px]] |- | style="text-align: center;" | '''domisol''': "[[Bog]]" | style="text-align: center;" | '''solmido''': "[[Djavol]]" |} |} Však, ne vsa slova su obrtiva v tom smyslu, taki jako ''dorefare'' znači vrat, a ''refaredo'' znači garderoba, ktore očigledno nisu suprotnosti. Slědujuća tabula pokazuje slova do dvuh sylab iz Gajewskogo slovnika: {| class="wikitable" ! {{Diagonal split header|style=height: 3em; width: 7em|1. syl.|2. syl.}} ! ''Nijedna'' ! style="background-color: #f69;" | -do ! style="background-color: #f96;" | -re ! style="background-color: #ff9;" | -mi ! style="background-color: #9f6;" | -fa ! style="background-color: #9ff;" | -sol ! style="background-color: #96f;" | -la ! style="background-color: #f9f;" | -si/-ti |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #f69;" | Do- | style="background-color: #f69;" | ne, ni, niti | style="background-color: #f69;" | (prošlo) | ja, mene || ty [sg] || on || se, sebe || jedny, někto || drugy |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #f96;" | Re- | style="background-color: #f96;" | i, tak jako | moj, moje | style="background-color: #f96;" | (pluperfekt) | tvoj, tvoje [sg] || njegov || naš, naše || vaš, vaše [pl] || njihov |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #ff9;" | Mi- | style="background-color: #ff9;" | ili, ili čak | za, da bi/da || ktory, koja (odnos. zaim.), že (veznik) | style="background-color: #ff9;" | (buduće) | čij, čija || dobro (prisl.) || tutaj je/tu je, gle || dobar večer/noć |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #9f6;" | Fa- | style="background-color: #9f6;" | k, ka | što? || s, sa, zajedno || ovaj, ova, ovo | style="background-color: #9f6;" | (kond.) | začto, iz kog razloga || dobro, ukusno, slasno || mnogo, velmi, krajno |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #9ff;" | Sol- | style="background-color: #9ff;" | ako | ale || v, unutra || zlo, loše (prisl.) || zato, jer | style="background-color: #9ff;" | (imperativ) | věčno, vsegda, bez konca || hvala, hvaly |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #96f;" | <span style="color: #000;">La-</span> | style="background-color: #96f;" | <span style="color: #000;">ty (člen)</span> | ničto, nikto, nijedny || od, po || tutaj, tam || zlo, loše || nikogda, nikad | style="background-color: #96f;" | <span style="color: #000;">(prezentni participij)</span> || od, iz |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #f9f;"| Si-/Ti- | style="background-color: #f9f;" | da, dobro, rado, složeno | isto (stvar) | vsaky, každy | dobro jutro/popoldne | malo, jedva |gospodin, pan |mlady muž, neženja | style="background-color: #f9f;" | <span style="color: #000;">(pasivny participij)</span> |} Određeny člen ima razne forme za [[Nominativ|nominativny]], [[Genitiv|genitivny]] i [[Dativ|dativny]] padež, ili, v anglijskom, za "the", "to the" i "of the": 'la', 'fa' i 'lasi', po redu.{{r|lmu1866|p=23-24.VII-VIII}} ==Gramatika== Osim naglaska i dužiny, slova Solresola se ne inflektuju. Da bi rečenice ostale jasne, posebno s mogućnošću gubitka informacij pri komunikaciji, odredjene časti řeči sleduju strog slovored. :Prěvjesniki vsegda sleduju imenicu ktoru određuju. :Nepremni objekty vsegda dolaze poslě glagola.{{r|lmu1866|p=26.XII}} :Priměry dane v originalnoj dokumentaciji ukazuju na [[subjekt–glagol–objekt slovored|slovored subjekt–glagol–objekt]],{{R|lmu1866|p=29.XVII}} však, to ne bi mělo imati značenje dok rečenica ostaje prosta i jasna. :Vremena vsegda prethode glagolom.{{r|lmu1866|p=30.XIX}} Da bi se slovo stvorilo u množini, [[akút|akútny naglasak]] se dodaje iznad poslednje sylaby, ktory se v govoru izgovara produženjem poslednje bukvy te sylaby.{{r|lmu1866|p=24.IX}} Priměry kako označiti množinu mužskih i ženskih slov: :''resimire'' brat, ''resimirē/resimire-e'' sestra :''resimiré'' bracia, ''resimiréē/resimiré-e'' sestry To utiče samo na prvo slovo v [[imenična fraza|imeničnoj frazi]]. To jest, utiče samo na imenicu kada je imenica sama, jako iznad. Ako je slovo popraćeno gramatičkom česticom (la, fa ili lasi), čestica će nositi oznaku roda i/ili broja umesto toga: :''la resimire'' [ty] brat, ''lā/la-a resimire'' [ta] sestra :''lá resimire'' [ty] bracia, ''láā/lá-a resimire'' [ty] sestry Časti řeči (jako i specifičnjejše definicije za něktora slova) se izvode iz glagol postavljanjem [[cirkumfleks|cirkumfleksa]] iznad jedne od sylab v pisanju, i izgovaranjem te sylaby s [[Glossary of music terminology#R|rinforzando]] (iznenadny naglasak ili [[Dynamics (music)#Gradual changes|crescendo]]). S naglaskom postavljenim na prvu sylabu, slovo postaje imenica. V četyri-sylabnyh slovah, naglašavanje druge sylaby stvara imenicu činitelja. [[Penult]]imna sylaba stvara prěvjesnik, a poslednja stvara prislov.{{r|lmu1866|p=25.XI}} Na pr., :''midofa'' preferovati, ''mîdofa'' preferencija, ''midôfa'' preferabilny, ''midofâ'' preferabilno :''resolmila'' nastaviti, ''rêsolmila'' nastavjenje, ''resôlmila'' jedny ktory nastavlja, ''resolmîla'' staly, ''resolmilâ'' stalno Na kompjuteryh koristajući rasporede klavijatur bez cirkumfleksa, sylaba może być napisana velikimi bukvami, ili [[caret]] postavljen medźu bukvy sylaby ili poslě sylaby. Zbog gramatike i slovoreda Solresola, razlikovanje častij řeči občno nije potrebno za razuměnje rečenice. Razne [[tense–aspect–mood|vremensko-načinske]] čestice su dvojne sylaby, kako je dato u slovniku iznad. Dodatno, po Gajewskom, pasivne glagoly se tvore s ''faremi'' medźu tom česticom i glagolom. Subjunktiv se tvori s ''mire'' pred zaimennikom. Negacija ''do'' se pojavljuje samo jednom v klauzi, pred slovom koje negira. Slovo ''fasi'' pred imenicom ili prěvjesnikom je [[augmentativ|augmentativno]]; poslě njega je [[Degrees of comparison of adjectives and adverbs|superlativ]]. ''Sifa'' je suprotnost ([[diminutiv|diminutivno]]):{{r|lmu1866|p=21.III}} :''fala'' dobro, ''fasi fala'' velmi dobro, ''fala fasi'' odlično, najbolje; ''sifa fala'' dobro (ali ne odlično), ''fala sifa'' ne velmi dobro (i slično s ''lafa'' zlo) :''sisire'' vjetar, ''fasi sisire'' oluja, ''sisire fasi'' ciklon; ''sifa sisire'' povjetarac, ''sisire sifa'' kretanje vazduha Pitanja Pitanja v Solresolu ne dobijaju mnogo pažnje u originalnoj dokumentaciji, niti imaju mnogo priměrov. Sudreova publikacija uključuje tri priměra upitnyh rečenic:{{r|lmu1866|p=127}} :Je vaše zdravlje dobro? – Redofafa? :Hoćete li ići na selo ove godine? – Fadoremi? :Hoćete li ići u pozorište večeras? – Soldoremi? Da bi se to stvorilo kao potvrdna izjava, dodaje se osobny zaimennik poslě: :Moje zdravlje je dobro. – Redofafa dore. :Ići ću na selo ove godine. – Fadoremi dore. :Ići ću u pozorište večeras. – Soldoremi dore. Gajewski umesto toga postavlja subjekt rečenice poslě glagola umesto pred glagolom, konstrukcija občna v evropskih jezycich. Nektery priměry su:{{R|grammar_eng|p=Interrogation and Negation}} :Jesam li? – Faremi dore? :Razumije li on? – Falafa dofa? :Učite li? – Sidosi domi? V vsih verzijah jezyka, postoje slova četyri sylaby duga, ponovljena "Mi" sekcija slovnika koja uključuje neka občna pitanja, taki jako:{{r|lmu1866|p=109.123}} :Miladodo? – Do kogo stepena/mjere? :Milarere? – Dobro? :Misirere? – Kto je to? ==Solresol pismo== [[File:Solresol symbols.svg|thumb|Symboly Solresola]] Pismo koristano v Solresolu sastoji se od sedmih unikatnyh symbolov, vsaky predstavljajući jednu od sedmih "not". Na pr., "[[C (muzikalna nota)|Do]]" je krug, a "[[G (muzikalna nota)|Sol]]" je horizontalna linija. Slova Solresola se tvore povezivanjem symbolov v poredu kako se pojavljuju v slovu. Dvojne note se predstavljaju križanjem symbola. [[File:Solresol words.svg|thumb|Nekta osnovna slova Solresola]] Druge karakteristike Nepristrasny i relativno prosty Integrovane sistemy ([[znakovny jezyk|znakovny jezyk]], barvy, itd.) za većinu [[invaliditet|ometenj]], odmah operativne bez posebnogo učenja Brzo uspěšno učenje za nepismene (samo sedm sylab ili znakov ili deset bukv za znati i prepoznati) Vrlo prosty ali efektivny sistem za razlikovanje funkcij slov v rečenicah Koristajući [[tonic sol-fa]] sistem od [[John Curwen|Johna Curwena]], Solresol może też być [[znakovny jezyk|znakovano]]. Daljnji razvoj Drugi način koristania Solresola se naziva ''ses'', razvijen od [[C. George Boeree|C. Georgea Boereea]].<ref name="loan_words">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|title=Using loan words in Solresol|url=https://www.tumblr.com/sidosi/181390815161/using-loan-words-in-solresol|website=Tumblr|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251128152044if_/https://www.tumblr.com/sidosi/181390815161/using-loan-words-in-solresol|archive-date=2025-11-28|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Koristajući to, note dobijaju reprezentativne konsonante i vokale (ili diftongy). Najprostša slova koriste samo vokalu, dok vsa druga koriste složenjejšu strukturu sylab. do ⇒ p / o re ⇒ k / e mi ⇒ m / i fa ⇒ f / a sol ⇒ s / u la ⇒ l / au ti ⇒ t / ai Na ovaj način, można pisati ili izgovarati slova taki jako to: : sol-sol-re-do ⇒ suko (cvcv) – migrena Zato što se množina i ženske forme slov u Solresolu označavaju naglaskom ili dužinom glasov, ses koristi ''pau'' (nektory) ili ''fai'' (mnogo) za označavanje množiny, i ''mu'' (dobro) za označavanje ženskogo roda kogda je potrebno. == Kodiranje == Zahtev za [[ISO 639-3]] jezykovy kod, privremeno predloženy jako {{Code|sud}}, był upućen [[SIL Global|SIL-u]] 28 avgusta 2017,<ref name="sil_change">{{Cite web|author=SIL International|author-link=SIL Global|date=2017-08-28|title=ISO 639-3 Registration Authority Request for Change No. 2017-032|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032.pdf|website=ISO 639-3|publication-place=[[Dallas]]|format=PDF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605171450if_/https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032.pdf|archive-date=2019-06-05|archive-format=PDF|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="sil_new">{{Cite web|author=SIL International|author-link=SIL Global|date=2017-08-28|title=Request for New Language Code Element in ISO 639-3: [sud]|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032_sud.pdf|website=ISO 639-3|publication-place=[[Dallas]]|format=PDF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605171450if_/https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032_sud.pdf|archive-date=2019-06-05|archive-format=PDF|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="sidosi_request">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|date=2017-07-28|title=The Road to ISO 639-3|url=https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=310|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230829154231if_/https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=310|archive-date=2023-08-29|access-date=2018-10-22|df=mdy-all}}</ref> ale był odrinuły 23 janvara 2018.<ref name="sil_rejection">{{Cite web|author=SIL International|author-link=SIL Global|date=2018-01-23|title=Comments received for ISO 639-3 Change Request 2017-032|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/CR_Comments_2017-032.pdf|website=ISO 639-3|publication-place=[[Dallas]]|format=PDF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605171452if_/https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/CR_Comments_2017-032.pdf|archive-date=2019-06-05|archive-format=PDF|page=2|access-date=2019-09-27|df=mdy-all|quote=Zahtev za stvorenje koda [sud] za Solresol je odrinuły.}}</ref><ref name="sidosi_rejection">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|date=2018-02-01|title=Beyond ISO 639-3 (for now)|url=https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=350|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230829153926if_/https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=350|archive-date=2023-08-29|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Solresol je dobil kody {{Code|qso}} i {{Code|art-x-solresol}} v [[Codes for constructed languages|ConLang Code Registry]].<ref name="clcr">{{Cite web|last=Bettencourt|first=Rebecca G.|date=2015-01-08|title=ConLang Code Registry|url=https://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/|website=Kreative Korporation|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221127152005if_/http://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/|archive-date=2022-11-27|access-date=2021-04-06|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Sedm osnovnyh symbolov bylo predloženo za registraciju v [[ConScript Unicode Registry]].<ref name="csur">{{Cite web|last=Everson|first=Michael|author-link=Michael Everson|date=1997-01-21|title=Solresol: U+E770–U+E77F|url=https://www.evertype.com/standards/csur/solresol.html|website=ConScript Unicode Registry|publisher=Evertype|publication-place=[[Lecanvey]], [[Ireland]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417191120if_/https://www.evertype.com/standards/csur/solresol.html|archive-date=2021-04-17|access-date=2021-04-06|df=mdy-all}}</ref> == Priměrne teksty == ; Član 1 ''[[Universalne deklaracije človečih prav]]'' v anglijskom : ''All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.''<ref name="undr">{{Cite wikisource|author=United Nations Commission on Human Rights|author-link=Drafting of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights|date=1948-12-10|title=Universal Declaration of Human Rights|wsat=Article 1|scan=Page:Universal Declaration of Human Rights.djvu/2|publisher=[[United Nations]]|location=[[Paris]]|iconfirst=yes|nolink=yes}}</ref> ; Isti tekst v Solresolu : Siré misolredo faremi doredore domisimi re misóla, solfalafá dósila re réfasi. Dófa faremi remila fare dômilafa re dôfasifa, re fafa fasolfa midolǎ fare dômisola lasi sîmisila. ; Predstavlene koristajući ''ses'' Solresol : Sé muro fem pepe omúm e múl, salá ósau e éfai. Óf fem ril fe ômauf e ôfaif, e fa fuf ipǎu fe ômul lai âimail. Također vidźte [[muzikalny jezyk]] [[solfedžio]] [[Tonic sol-fa]] [[Voyage to Faremido]] [[Ro jezyk]] ==Iztočniky== {{Iztočniky}} == Daljnje čitanje == {{Cite book|last=Sudre|first=François|year=1866|title=Langue Musicale Universelle|url=http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/ladosol.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070831060525if_/http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/ladosol.html|archive-date=2007-08-31|publication-place=Paris|language=fr}} – HTML verzija celogo teksta Sudreovogo toma iz 1866, s originalnym [https://web.archive.org/web/20070831061613if_/http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/lrls_sosfs.html slovnikom] i [https://web.archive.org/web/20080310234035/http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/solrelaF.html frazeologijom] (v francozskom). {{Cite book|last1=Couturat|first1=Louis|last2=Leau|first2=Léopold|year=1903|title=Histoire de la Langue Universelle|url=https://archive.org/details/histoiredelalang00coutuoft|publisher=Librairie Hachette|publication-place=[[Paris]]|language=fr|access-date=2025-11-28|df=mdy-all}} {{Cite book|last=Eco|first=Umberto|author-link=Umberto Eco|date=1997-04-08|title=The Search for the Perfect Language|url=https://archive.org/details/searchforperfect00ecou|publisher=[[Wiley-Blackwell]]|publication-place=[[Cambridge, Massachusetts|Cambridge, Mass.]]|edition=1|series=The Making of Europe|isbn=978-0-631-20510-4|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}} ==Zewnętrzne linky== {{Commons category|Solresol}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20191115021254if_/https://www.omniglot.com/writing/solresol.htm Solresol jezyk i stenografično pismo] na Omniglot, online enciklopediji sistemov pisanja i jezykov Anglijsko-Solresol slovniky od [https://web.archive.org/web/20250121193252if_/http://www.datapacrat.com/True/LANG/SOLRESOL/DICTIONA.HTM Jasona Hutchensa] (6 julija 1998) i [https://web.archive.org/web/20100923132246if_/http://www.ifost.org.au/~gregb/solresol/sorsolex.htm Stephena L. Ricea] (19 novembra 1997) [https://web.archive.org/web/20231130083816if_/http://sharyphil.com/root/solresol-the-project/ SolReSol: Projekt v0.95] od Phila Sharyja, open source Solresol–anglijsky i anglijsky–Solresol překladateľsky program za Windows (32- i 64-bitny) s live MIDI podporom (24 februara 2015) [https://web.archive.org/web/20250818235352if_/https://wiki.xxiivv.com/site/solresol.html Moderny Simetričny Solresol] od Davida Mondou-Labbého (28 septembra 2023) [https://eliseduv.dev/solresol/ Překladač Anglijsky↔Solresol] ==Iztočniky== {{Iztočniky}} {{Umětne jezyky}} [[Kategorija:1827 introdukcije]] [[Kategorija:Analitične jezyky]] [[Kategorija:Konstruovane jezyky]] [[Kategorija:Medžunarodne pomočne jezyky]] [[Kategorija:jezyky potvrđene od 1820-tyh]] [[Kategorija:muzikalne jezyky]] 3mxomfl5h4fonxjy6ps2ppc1v9oejkz 45629 45628 2026-08-13T08:46:31Z Ilja isv 10 45629 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kartka jezyk | name = Solresol | nativename = <center>''[[solfedžio]]'': Sol-Re-Sol</center> | image = Solresol-langage.svg | created = 1827 | creator = [[François Sudre|{{-|François Sudre|Франсуа Судр}}]] | fam1 = [[umětne jezyky]] | fam2 = [[Pomočny jezyk]], [[Umětne jezyky#A priori|a priori]] | fam3 = [[muzikalny jezyk]] | posteriori = [[Umětne jezyky#A priori|a priori]] | script = pismo Solresol ; [[solfedžio]]; [[noty]]; [[barvy spektra]] | sign = Podpisana notacija; [[tonic sol-fa]] znaky od [[John Curwen]] | iso3 = qso | iso3comment = [https://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/ (lokalno koristane)] | glotto = none | ietf = [https://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/ art-x-solresol] }} '''Solresol''' ([[solfedžio]]: [[G (muzikalna nota)|Sol]]-[[D (muzikalna nota)|Re]]-[[G (muzikalna nota)|Sol]]), prvonačelno nazyvany {{Lang|fr|Langue universelle}} (bukv. 'Universalny jezyk') a potom {{Lang|fr|Langue musicale universelle}} ('Universalny muzikalny jezyk'), je [[muzikalny jezyk|muzikalny]] [[umětny jezyk]] stvorjeny od francozskogo učiteľa musiky i kompozitora [[François Sudre|Jean-Françoisa Sudrea]] (1787–1862), počinajući v 1817. Njegova kniga definujuća to, {{Lang|fr|Langue Musicale Universelle}}, była publikovana posmrtno v 1866,<ref name="lmu1866">{{Cite book|last=Sudre|first=François|year=1866|title=Langue Musicale Universelle|url=https://www.ifost.org.au/~gregb/solresol/sudre-book.pdf|format=PDF|url-status=live|publication-place=[[Paris]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320142510if_/http://www.ifost.org.au/~gregb/solresol/sudre-book.pdf|archive-date=2012-03-20|archive-format=PDF|language=fr|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> iako je on već několik godin publiciral to. Solresol doživil kratky čas popularnosti v drugej polovici 19. stolěća i był sponzorovan od takyh osob jako [[Victor Hugo]], [[Alphonse de Lamartine]], [[Alexander von Humboldt]] i [[Napoleon III]],<ref name="pei">{{Cite book|last=Pei|first=Mario|author-link=Mario Pei|year=1969|title=Wanted: A World Language|type=Pamphlet|series=Public Affairs|volume=434|pages=11–12|publisher=Public Affairs Committee|publication-place=[[New York City]]|url=http://www.autodidactproject.org/other/pei_worldlg.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180125230417if_/http://www.autodidactproject.org/other/pei_worldlg.html|archive-date=2018-01-25|access-date=2025-11-28|df=mdy-all}}</ref> kulminujući s publikacijom [[Boleslas Gajewski|Boleslasa Gajewskogo]] {{Lang|fr|Grammaire du Solresol}} v 1902. Dnes, postoje male komunity entuzijastov Solresola rozsypane po cělem světě.<ref name="sidosi">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|title=Sidosi Home|url=https://www.sidosi.org/|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004090845if_/https://www.sidosi.org/|archive-date=2023-10-04|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> == Evolucija == Postoji několik verzij Solresola, každá s malymi razlikami. Tri glavne varijacije ktore su ješte v oběgu—Sudre, Gajewski i "Modern"—razlikuju se pretežno v različnyh elementah slovnika, a složaju se pretežno o gramatike. Sudre je stvoril jezyk, i tako njegova verzija zaslužuje nazv byti originalnom verzijom Solresola. Vincent Gajewski, parizsky profesor, popularizoval jezyk jako predsednik Centralnogo Komiteta za Studium i Napredovanje Solresola, ktory był osnovan v 1869 od Sudreove udovy, Joséphine, da bi dalje promoviral njegovo dělo. Boleslas Gajewski, Vincentov syn i sam profesor, formalizoval gramatiku i napisal definitivno dělo o jezyka: {{Language with name/for|fr|Grammaire du Solrésol|Gramatika Solresola}}.<ref name="grammar_eng">{{Cite web|last1=Gajewski|first1=Boleslas|last2=Rice|first2=Stephen L.|date=1997-11-19|orig-date=printed 1902 as {{Lang|fr|Grammaire du Solrésol}}, translated 1997|title=Grammar of Solresol, or the Universal Language of François Sudre|url=http://www.ptialaska.net/~srice/solresol/sorsoeng.htm|website=Stephen L. Rice: The Solresol Page|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070413035441if_/http://www.ptialaska.net/~srice/solresol/sorsoeng.htm|archive-date=2007-04-13|access-date=2019-09-29|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="grammar_pdf">{{Cite web|last=Gajewski|first=Boleslas|editor-last1=Rice|editor-first1=Stephen L.|editor-last2=Bigham|editor-first2=Doug|year=2005|orig-date=printed 1902 as {{Lang|fr|Grammaire du Solrésol}}, translated 1997 (Rice), revised 2005 (Bigham)|title=Grammar of Solresol, or the Universal Language of François Sudre|url=https://i.sidosi.org/resources/grammar-of-solresol-bigham/grammar-of-solresol-bigham.pdf|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217001045if_/https://i.sidosi.org/resources/grammar-of-solresol-bigham/grammar-of-solresol-bigham.pdf|archive-date=2019-12-17|access-date=2019-12-16|df=mdy-all}}</ref> To je najviše publicirana verzija Solresola, zahvaljujući překladu na anglijsky od Stephena L. Ricea iz 1997,{{R|grammar_pdf}}{{R|grammar_eng}} s znatnom količinom slovnika izměnjenogo od originala, kao i něktore gramatike. Jedny priměr je slovo ''fasol'', definovano kao "tutaj" v Sudreovom slovniku, ale "začto?" v Gajewskom. Tretja je neoficijalna verzija razvijana vremenom od komunity, nazvana "Moderny Solresol". Ona koristi Sudreovu verziju kao bazu, s prilagodbami gramatike i slovnika, takimi jako izměna definicij ''sisol'' i ''sila'' od značenja "Gospodin" i "Mlady muž" na sistem [[honorifik|honorifikov]] inspiriran onym koristanym v japonščině; oba su rodno-neutralne titule, jedna za byti poštivy, a druga za byti ljubazny.<ref name="Modern Solresol Dictionary">{{Cite web|last1=Osteen|first1=Garrison|last2=Walters|first2=Scott|last3=Parson|first3=Daniel|last4=Fernandez|first4=Tobias|date=2018-03-12|title=Solresol Dictionary Modernised|url=https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/182okssrHseIggjHGlzWyFH81-o8y8EsvQtJfPJYu6r8/edit|format=XLSX|website=Google Sheets|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250829164017if_/https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/182okssrHseIggjHGlzWyFH81-o8y8EsvQtJfPJYu6r8/edit|archive-date=2025-08-29|archive-format=XLSX|access-date=2019-12-22|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Gajewskogo publikacija donesla razne dodatky ktore ne konfliktu s originalnom verzijom jezyka, taki jako razne nove metody komunikacije,{{R|grammar_pdf|p=16}} vključujući: skup symbolov koristane sedmih barv duhy, i koristane [[tonic sol-fa]] za signiranje jezyka ==Fonologija== [[File:Solresol.svg|thumb|right|Sedm konvencionalnyh not, barv, sylab, čisel i glifov koristanyh za prenos fonemov Solresola]] Solresol może być komunikovany koristajući sedm različnyh predmetov, s maksimumom pet na slovo. Statistički, ty kombinacije daju sedm jedno-sylabnyh slov, 49 dvuh-sylabnyh, 336 tri-sylabnyh, 2.268 četyr-sylabnyh i 9.072 pet-sylabnyh, za ukupno 11.732 mogućih primarnyh slov.<ref name="pei" /> Glavna metoda komunikacije je koristane sedmih [[solfedžio]] sylab (forma [[solmizacija|solmizacije]]), ktore mogu byti akcentovane, prodloužene ili ponovljene. Najprostši način koristati ty sylaby je govoriti ih jako by one byly regularne [[sylaba|sylaby]]. Zbog togo že predchádza [[Medžunarodny fonetičny alfabet|IPA]], ne postoje posebna pravila izgovora izvan standardnyh čitanj solfège. Zbog togo že vsaka sylaba je dovoljno odlična, mogu byti izgovorjene skoro vsakym načinom ktory čytateľ preferuje.{{CitationNeeded|date=July 2025}} Sudre je izložil način transkripcije fonetiky francozskogo (i tako mnogih drugih jezykov) do Solresola, primarno koristany za vlastne imenice.{{r|lmu1866|p=32}} Koristajući občne izgovory kako su dane od strane [[Wiktionary|Vikislovnika]], je moguće rekonstruovati tabulu glasov koristajući modernu IPA. Zbog malog broja sylab, je potrebno ostaviti kratku pauzu medźu slovami tako da vsako slovo ostane jasno odvojeno. Kako je primetil Boleslas Gajewski: "člověk bi měl věnovati veliku pozornost pauzi po vsakom slovu; ta mala pauza je potrebna za odvajanje slov, tako da slušatelj ne bude zbunjen".{{R|grammar_eng|p=Reversed meanings}} ===Slovnik=== V Solresol [[morfologija (lingvistika)|morfologiji]], vsako slovo je poděleno na kategorije ili značenja ili funkcije, gdźe duža slova su občno specifičnjejša. Slova se razlikuju po treh glavnyh karakteristikah: početnoj sylabě, dužině slova, i tomu da li ima par ponovljenih sylab. Slova koja su jedna i dve sylaby duge su koristana za [[Zaimennik|zaimenniky]] i občne [[Gramatična čestica|čestice]], a ty s ponovljenimi sylabami su [[Gramatično vreme|vremena]]. Slova koja su jednu sylabu duga su posvećena slovima ktora su često koristana (v času stvorenja Solresola). Ty ktore uključuju ponavljajuće sylaby su rezervovane za "čisla, měsece goda, dni neděle i temperatury [pogodne uslove]", na pr. redodo "jedny", remimi "dva" (po Gajewskom). Slova koja su četyri sylaby duga spadaju v razne tematske kategorije. Na pr., slova počinjuća s 'sol', koja ne uključuju ponovljene sylaby, imaju značenja vezana za umetnosti ili nauky (na pr. soldoredo, "umetnost"; solmiredo, "akustika").{{r|lmu1866|p=22.V}} Však, ako slova koja su četyri sylaby duga imaju par ponovljenih sylab, njihova značenja se odnose na bolesti ili medicinu (na pr. solsolredo, "migrena"; solreresol, "ospice").{{r|lmu1866|p=23.VI}} Točnjejše, klase bez ponovljenih sylab su: ''do'': člověk, njegovo tělo i duh, intelektualne sposobnosti, kvalitete i hrana; ''re'': odeća, dom, domaćinstvo i porodica; ''mi'': činjenja človeka i njegove mane; ''fa'': selo, putovanja, vojna, more; ''sol'': lepe umetnosti i nauky; ''la'': industrija i trgovina; ''si'': město, vlada i administracija. S ponovljenimi sylabami, iste sylaby daju: ''do'': religija; ''re'': konstrukcija i razne obrti; ''mi'': predlogi, prislovne fraze i izolovane prislovy; ''fa'': bolesti; ''sol'': bolesti (nast.); ''la'': industrija i trgovina (jako u tipu bez ponavljanja); ''si'': pravda, magistratura i sudovi. Konačno, kombinacije pet sylab označavaju životinje, rośliny i minerale. Po defaultu, vse žive imenice i zaimenniky podrazuměvaju da su mužskogo roda. Za razlikovanje ženskogo roda, bar, [[pomišljaj|pomišljaj]] ili [[makron (diakritika)|makron]] se dodaje na konačnu sylabu odgovarajućeg člena ili samogo slova. V govoru, to se označava ponavljanjem vokala sylaby, s [[glotalna stop|glotalnom stopom]] koja odvaja ponovljenu vokalu od ostatka slova.{{r|lmu1866|p=24}} Však, v modernyh překladah, zaimenniky se ne měnje v zavisnosti od [[Gramatičny rod|roda]]. Umesto toga, oni se prosto prevode na anglijsky kao neutralne zaimenniky; it i they. Jedna unikatna karakteristika Solresola je da značenja mogu byti obrnuta obrtanjem sylab v slovah. Na pr. ''fala'' znači dobro ili ukusno, a ''lafa'' znači zlo. Prekidi v logičkom poredu slov v vsakoj kategoriji su občno uzrokovani tymi obrtivymi slovami.{{r|lmu1866|p=31.XXI}} {| style="background: transparent; border: hidden;" | style="padding: 0 2em;" | {| class="wikitable" | [[File:Solresol - misol.jpg|x88px]] | [[File:Solresol - solmi.jpg|x88px]] |- | style="text-align: center;" | '''misol''': "dobro" | style="text-align: center;" | '''solmi''': "zlo" |} | style="padding-left: 2em;" | {| class="wikitable" | [[File:Solresol - domisol.jpg|x88px]] | [[File:Solresol - solmido.jpg|x88px]] |- | style="text-align: center;" | '''domisol''': "[[Bog]]" | style="text-align: center;" | '''solmido''': "[[Djavol]]" |} |} Však, ne vsa slova su obrtiva v tom smyslu, taki jako ''dorefare'' znači vrat, a ''refaredo'' znači garderoba, ktore očigledno nisu suprotnosti. Slědujuća tabula pokazuje slova do dvuh sylab iz Gajewskogo slovnika: {| class="wikitable" ! {{Diagonal split header|style=height: 3em; width: 7em|1. syl.|2. syl.}} ! ''Nijedna'' ! style="background-color: #f69;" | -do ! style="background-color: #f96;" | -re ! style="background-color: #ff9;" | -mi ! style="background-color: #9f6;" | -fa ! style="background-color: #9ff;" | -sol ! style="background-color: #96f;" | -la ! style="background-color: #f9f;" | -si/-ti |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #f69;" | Do- | style="background-color: #f69;" | ne, ni, niti | style="background-color: #f69;" | (prošlo) | ja, mene || ty [sg] || on || se, sebe || jedny, někto || drugy |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #f96;" | Re- | style="background-color: #f96;" | i, tak jako | moj, moje | style="background-color: #f96;" | (pluperfekt) | tvoj, tvoje [sg] || njegov || naš, naše || vaš, vaše [pl] || njihov |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #ff9;" | Mi- | style="background-color: #ff9;" | ili, ili čak | za, da bi/da || ktory, koja (odnos. zaim.), že (veznik) | style="background-color: #ff9;" | (buduće) | čij, čija || dobro (prisl.) || tutaj je/tu je, gle || dobar večer/noć |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #9f6;" | Fa- | style="background-color: #9f6;" | k, ka | što? || s, sa, zajedno || ovaj, ova, ovo | style="background-color: #9f6;" | (kond.) | začto, iz kog razloga || dobro, ukusno, slasno || mnogo, velmi, krajno |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #9ff;" | Sol- | style="background-color: #9ff;" | ako | ale || v, unutra || zlo, loše (prisl.) || zato, jer | style="background-color: #9ff;" | (imperativ) | věčno, vsegda, bez konca || hvala, hvaly |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #96f;" | <span style="color: #000;">La-</span> | style="background-color: #96f;" | <span style="color: #000;">ty (člen)</span> | ničto, nikto, nijedny || od, po || tutaj, tam || zlo, loše || nikogda, nikad | style="background-color: #96f;" | <span style="color: #000;">(prezentni participij)</span> || od, iz |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #f9f;"| Si-/Ti- | style="background-color: #f9f;" | da, dobro, rado, složeno | isto (stvar) | vsaky, každy | dobro jutro/popoldne | malo, jedva |gospodin, pan |mlady muž, neženja | style="background-color: #f9f;" | <span style="color: #000;">(pasivny participij)</span> |} Određeny člen ima razne forme za [[Nominativ|nominativny]], [[Genitiv|genitivny]] i [[Dativ|dativny]] padež, ili, v anglijskom, za "the", "to the" i "of the": 'la', 'fa' i 'lasi', po redu.{{r|lmu1866|p=23-24.VII-VIII}} ==Gramatika== Osim naglaska i dužiny, slova Solresola se ne inflektuju. Da bi rečenice ostale jasne, posebno s mogućnošću gubitka informacij pri komunikaciji, odredjene časti řeči sleduju strog slovored. :Prěvjesniki vsegda sleduju imenicu ktoru određuju. :Nepremni objekty vsegda dolaze poslě glagola.{{r|lmu1866|p=26.XII}} :Priměry dane v originalnoj dokumentaciji ukazuju na [[subjekt–glagol–objekt slovored|slovored subjekt–glagol–objekt]],{{R|lmu1866|p=29.XVII}} však, to ne bi mělo imati značenje dok rečenica ostaje prosta i jasna. :Vremena vsegda prethode glagolom.{{r|lmu1866|p=30.XIX}} Da bi se slovo stvorilo u množini, [[akút|akútny naglasak]] se dodaje iznad poslednje sylaby, ktory se v govoru izgovara produženjem poslednje bukvy te sylaby.{{r|lmu1866|p=24.IX}} Priměry kako označiti množinu mužskih i ženskih slov: :''resimire'' brat, ''resimirē/resimire-e'' sestra :''resimiré'' bracia, ''resimiréē/resimiré-e'' sestry To utiče samo na prvo slovo v [[imenična fraza|imeničnoj frazi]]. To jest, utiče samo na imenicu kada je imenica sama, jako iznad. Ako je slovo popraćeno gramatičkom česticom (la, fa ili lasi), čestica će nositi oznaku roda i/ili broja umesto toga: :''la resimire'' [ty] brat, ''lā/la-a resimire'' [ta] sestra :''lá resimire'' [ty] bracia, ''láā/lá-a resimire'' [ty] sestry Časti řeči (jako i specifičnjejše definicije za něktora slova) se izvode iz glagol postavljanjem [[cirkumfleks|cirkumfleksa]] iznad jedne od sylab v pisanju, i izgovaranjem te sylaby s [[Glossary of music terminology#R|rinforzando]] (iznenadny naglasak ili [[Dynamics (music)#Gradual changes|crescendo]]). S naglaskom postavljenim na prvu sylabu, slovo postaje imenica. V četyri-sylabnyh slovah, naglašavanje druge sylaby stvara imenicu činitelja. [[Penult]]imna sylaba stvara prěvjesnik, a poslednja stvara prislov.{{r|lmu1866|p=25.XI}} Na pr., :''midofa'' preferovati, ''mîdofa'' preferencija, ''midôfa'' preferabilny, ''midofâ'' preferabilno :''resolmila'' nastaviti, ''rêsolmila'' nastavjenje, ''resôlmila'' jedny ktory nastavlja, ''resolmîla'' staly, ''resolmilâ'' stalno Na kompjuteryh koristajući rasporede klavijatur bez cirkumfleksa, sylaba może być napisana velikimi bukvami, ili [[caret]] postavljen medźu bukvy sylaby ili poslě sylaby. Zbog gramatike i slovoreda Solresola, razlikovanje častij řeči občno nije potrebno za razuměnje rečenice. Razne [[tense–aspect–mood|vremensko-načinske]] čestice su dvojne sylaby, kako je dato u slovniku iznad. Dodatno, po Gajewskom, pasivne glagoly se tvore s ''faremi'' medźu tom česticom i glagolom. Subjunktiv se tvori s ''mire'' pred zaimennikom. Negacija ''do'' se pojavljuje samo jednom v klauzi, pred slovom koje negira. Slovo ''fasi'' pred imenicom ili prěvjesnikom je [[augmentativ|augmentativno]]; poslě njega je [[Degrees of comparison of adjectives and adverbs|superlativ]]. ''Sifa'' je suprotnost ([[diminutiv|diminutivno]]):{{r|lmu1866|p=21.III}} :''fala'' dobro, ''fasi fala'' velmi dobro, ''fala fasi'' odlično, najbolje; ''sifa fala'' dobro (ali ne odlično), ''fala sifa'' ne velmi dobro (i slično s ''lafa'' zlo) :''sisire'' vjetar, ''fasi sisire'' oluja, ''sisire fasi'' ciklon; ''sifa sisire'' povjetarac, ''sisire sifa'' kretanje vazduha Pitanja Pitanja v Solresolu ne dobijaju mnogo pažnje u originalnoj dokumentaciji, niti imaju mnogo priměrov. Sudreova publikacija uključuje tri priměra upitnyh rečenic:{{r|lmu1866|p=127}} :Je vaše zdravlje dobro? – Redofafa? :Hoćete li ići na selo ove godine? – Fadoremi? :Hoćete li ići u pozorište večeras? – Soldoremi? Da bi se to stvorilo kao potvrdna izjava, dodaje se osobny zaimennik poslě: :Moje zdravlje je dobro. – Redofafa dore. :Ići ću na selo ove godine. – Fadoremi dore. :Ići ću u pozorište večeras. – Soldoremi dore. Gajewski umesto toga postavlja subjekt rečenice poslě glagola umesto pred glagolom, konstrukcija občna v evropskih jezycich. Nektery priměry su:{{R|grammar_eng|p=Interrogation and Negation}} :Jesam li? – Faremi dore? :Razumije li on? – Falafa dofa? :Učite li? – Sidosi domi? V vsih verzijah jezyka, postoje slova četyri sylaby duga, ponovljena "Mi" sekcija slovnika koja uključuje neka občna pitanja, taki jako:{{r|lmu1866|p=109.123}} :Miladodo? – Do kogo stepena/mjere? :Milarere? – Dobro? :Misirere? – Kto je to? ==Solresol pismo== [[File:Solresol symbols.svg|thumb|Symboly Solresola]] Pismo koristano v Solresolu sastoji se od sedmih unikatnyh symbolov, vsaky predstavljajući jednu od sedmih "not". Na pr., "[[C (muzikalna nota)|Do]]" je krug, a "[[G (muzikalna nota)|Sol]]" je horizontalna linija. Slova Solresola se tvore povezivanjem symbolov v poredu kako se pojavljuju v slovu. Dvojne note se predstavljaju križanjem symbola. [[File:Solresol words.svg|thumb|Nekta osnovna slova Solresola]] Druge karakteristike Nepristrasny i relativno prosty Integrovane sistemy ([[znakovny jezyk|znakovny jezyk]], barvy, itd.) za većinu [[invaliditet|ometenj]], odmah operativne bez posebnogo učenja Brzo uspěšno učenje za nepismene (samo sedm sylab ili znakov ili deset bukv za znati i prepoznati) Vrlo prosty ali efektivny sistem za razlikovanje funkcij slov v rečenicah Koristajući [[tonic sol-fa]] sistem od [[John Curwen|Johna Curwena]], Solresol może też być [[znakovny jezyk|znakovano]]. Daljnji razvoj Drugi način koristania Solresola se naziva ''ses'', razvijen od [[C. George Boeree|C. Georgea Boereea]].<ref name="loan_words">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|title=Using loan words in Solresol|url=https://www.tumblr.com/sidosi/181390815161/using-loan-words-in-solresol|website=Tumblr|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251128152044if_/https://www.tumblr.com/sidosi/181390815161/using-loan-words-in-solresol|archive-date=2025-11-28|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Koristajući to, note dobijaju reprezentativne konsonante i vokale (ili diftongy). Najprostša slova koriste samo vokalu, dok vsa druga koriste složenjejšu strukturu sylab. do ⇒ p / o re ⇒ k / e mi ⇒ m / i fa ⇒ f / a sol ⇒ s / u la ⇒ l / au ti ⇒ t / ai Na ovaj način, można pisati ili izgovarati slova taki jako to: : sol-sol-re-do ⇒ suko (cvcv) – migrena Zato što se množina i ženske forme slov u Solresolu označavaju naglaskom ili dužinom glasov, ses koristi ''pau'' (nektory) ili ''fai'' (mnogo) za označavanje množiny, i ''mu'' (dobro) za označavanje ženskogo roda kogda je potrebno. == Kodiranje == Zahtev za [[ISO 639-3]] jezykovy kod, privremeno predloženy jako {{Code|sud}}, był upućen [[SIL Global|SIL-u]] 28 avgusta 2017,<ref name="sil_change">{{Cite web|author=SIL International|author-link=SIL Global|date=2017-08-28|title=ISO 639-3 Registration Authority Request for Change No. 2017-032|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032.pdf|website=ISO 639-3|publication-place=[[Dallas]]|format=PDF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605171450if_/https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032.pdf|archive-date=2019-06-05|archive-format=PDF|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="sil_new">{{Cite web|author=SIL International|author-link=SIL Global|date=2017-08-28|title=Request for New Language Code Element in ISO 639-3: [sud]|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032_sud.pdf|website=ISO 639-3|publication-place=[[Dallas]]|format=PDF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605171450if_/https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032_sud.pdf|archive-date=2019-06-05|archive-format=PDF|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="sidosi_request">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|date=2017-07-28|title=The Road to ISO 639-3|url=https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=310|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230829154231if_/https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=310|archive-date=2023-08-29|access-date=2018-10-22|df=mdy-all}}</ref> ale był odrinuły 23 janvara 2018.<ref name="sil_rejection">{{Cite web|author=SIL International|author-link=SIL Global|date=2018-01-23|title=Comments received for ISO 639-3 Change Request 2017-032|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/CR_Comments_2017-032.pdf|website=ISO 639-3|publication-place=[[Dallas]]|format=PDF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605171452if_/https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/CR_Comments_2017-032.pdf|archive-date=2019-06-05|archive-format=PDF|page=2|access-date=2019-09-27|df=mdy-all|quote=Zahtev za stvorenje koda [sud] za Solresol je odrinuły.}}</ref><ref name="sidosi_rejection">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|date=2018-02-01|title=Beyond ISO 639-3 (for now)|url=https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=350|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230829153926if_/https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=350|archive-date=2023-08-29|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Solresol je dobil kody {{Code|qso}} i {{Code|art-x-solresol}} v [[Codes for constructed languages|ConLang Code Registry]].<ref name="clcr">{{Cite web|last=Bettencourt|first=Rebecca G.|date=2015-01-08|title=ConLang Code Registry|url=https://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/|website=Kreative Korporation|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221127152005if_/http://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/|archive-date=2022-11-27|access-date=2021-04-06|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Sedm osnovnyh symbolov bylo predloženo za registraciju v [[ConScript Unicode Registry]].<ref name="csur">{{Cite web|last=Everson|first=Michael|author-link=Michael Everson|date=1997-01-21|title=Solresol: U+E770–U+E77F|url=https://www.evertype.com/standards/csur/solresol.html|website=ConScript Unicode Registry|publisher=Evertype|publication-place=[[Lecanvey]], [[Ireland]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417191120if_/https://www.evertype.com/standards/csur/solresol.html|archive-date=2021-04-17|access-date=2021-04-06|df=mdy-all}}</ref> == Priměrne teksty == ; Član 1 ''[[Universalne deklaracije človečih prav]]'' v anglijskom : ''All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.''<ref name="undr">{{Cite wikisource|author=United Nations Commission on Human Rights|author-link=Drafting of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights|date=1948-12-10|title=Universal Declaration of Human Rights|wsat=Article 1|scan=Page:Universal Declaration of Human Rights.djvu/2|publisher=[[United Nations]]|location=[[Paris]]|iconfirst=yes|nolink=yes}}</ref> ; Isti tekst v Solresolu : Siré misolredo faremi doredore domisimi re misóla, solfalafá dósila re réfasi. Dófa faremi remila fare dômilafa re dôfasifa, re fafa fasolfa midolǎ fare dômisola lasi sîmisila. ; Predstavlene koristajući ''ses'' Solresol : Sé muro fem pepe omúm e múl, salá ósau e éfai. Óf fem ril fe ômauf e ôfaif, e fa fuf ipǎu fe ômul lai âimail. Također vidźte [[muzikalny jezyk]] [[solfedžio]] [[Tonic sol-fa]] [[Voyage to Faremido]] [[Ro jezyk]] ==Iztočniky== {{Iztočniky}} == Daljnje čitanje == {{Cite book|last=Sudre|first=François|year=1866|title=Langue Musicale Universelle|url=http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/ladosol.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070831060525if_/http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/ladosol.html|archive-date=2007-08-31|publication-place=Paris|language=fr}} – HTML verzija celogo teksta Sudreovogo toma iz 1866, s originalnym [https://web.archive.org/web/20070831061613if_/http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/lrls_sosfs.html slovnikom] i [https://web.archive.org/web/20080310234035/http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/solrelaF.html frazeologijom] (v francozskom). {{Cite book|last1=Couturat|first1=Louis|last2=Leau|first2=Léopold|year=1903|title=Histoire de la Langue Universelle|url=https://archive.org/details/histoiredelalang00coutuoft|publisher=Librairie Hachette|publication-place=[[Paris]]|language=fr|access-date=2025-11-28|df=mdy-all}} {{Cite book|last=Eco|first=Umberto|author-link=Umberto Eco|date=1997-04-08|title=The Search for the Perfect Language|url=https://archive.org/details/searchforperfect00ecou|publisher=[[Wiley-Blackwell]]|publication-place=[[Cambridge, Massachusetts|Cambridge, Mass.]]|edition=1|series=The Making of Europe|isbn=978-0-631-20510-4|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}} ==Zewnętrzne linky== {{Commons category|Solresol}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20191115021254if_/https://www.omniglot.com/writing/solresol.htm Solresol jezyk i stenografično pismo] na Omniglot, online enciklopediji sistemov pisanja i jezykov Anglijsko-Solresol slovniky od [https://web.archive.org/web/20250121193252if_/http://www.datapacrat.com/True/LANG/SOLRESOL/DICTIONA.HTM Jasona Hutchensa] (6 julija 1998) i [https://web.archive.org/web/20100923132246if_/http://www.ifost.org.au/~gregb/solresol/sorsolex.htm Stephena L. Ricea] (19 novembra 1997) [https://web.archive.org/web/20231130083816if_/http://sharyphil.com/root/solresol-the-project/ SolReSol: Projekt v0.95] od Phila Sharyja, open source Solresol–anglijsky i anglijsky–Solresol překladateľsky program za Windows (32- i 64-bitny) s live MIDI podporom (24 februara 2015) [https://web.archive.org/web/20250818235352if_/https://wiki.xxiivv.com/site/solresol.html Moderny Simetričny Solresol] od Davida Mondou-Labbého (28 septembra 2023) [https://eliseduv.dev/solresol/ Překladač Anglijsky↔Solresol] {{Umětne jezyky}} [[Kategorija:1827 introdukcije]] [[Kategorija:Analitične jezyky]] [[Kategorija:Konstruovane jezyky]] [[Kategorija:Medžunarodne pomočne jezyky]] [[Kategorija:jezyky potvrđene od 1820-tyh]] [[Kategorija:muzikalne jezyky]] 7qsn6mwlblipecms56087siwib57goi 45630 45629 2026-08-13T08:48:30Z Ilja isv 10 /* Zewnętrzne linky */ 45630 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kartka jezyk | name = Solresol | nativename = <center>''[[solfedžio]]'': Sol-Re-Sol</center> | image = Solresol-langage.svg | created = 1827 | creator = [[François Sudre|{{-|François Sudre|Франсуа Судр}}]] | fam1 = [[umětne jezyky]] | fam2 = [[Pomočny jezyk]], [[Umětne jezyky#A priori|a priori]] | fam3 = [[muzikalny jezyk]] | posteriori = [[Umětne jezyky#A priori|a priori]] | script = pismo Solresol ; [[solfedžio]]; [[noty]]; [[barvy spektra]] | sign = Podpisana notacija; [[tonic sol-fa]] znaky od [[John Curwen]] | iso3 = qso | iso3comment = [https://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/ (lokalno koristane)] | glotto = none | ietf = [https://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/ art-x-solresol] }} '''Solresol''' ([[solfedžio]]: [[G (muzikalna nota)|Sol]]-[[D (muzikalna nota)|Re]]-[[G (muzikalna nota)|Sol]]), prvonačelno nazyvany {{Lang|fr|Langue universelle}} (bukv. 'Universalny jezyk') a potom {{Lang|fr|Langue musicale universelle}} ('Universalny muzikalny jezyk'), je [[muzikalny jezyk|muzikalny]] [[umětny jezyk]] stvorjeny od francozskogo učiteľa musiky i kompozitora [[François Sudre|Jean-Françoisa Sudrea]] (1787–1862), počinajući v 1817. Njegova kniga definujuća to, {{Lang|fr|Langue Musicale Universelle}}, była publikovana posmrtno v 1866,<ref name="lmu1866">{{Cite book|last=Sudre|first=François|year=1866|title=Langue Musicale Universelle|url=https://www.ifost.org.au/~gregb/solresol/sudre-book.pdf|format=PDF|url-status=live|publication-place=[[Paris]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320142510if_/http://www.ifost.org.au/~gregb/solresol/sudre-book.pdf|archive-date=2012-03-20|archive-format=PDF|language=fr|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> iako je on već několik godin publiciral to. Solresol doživil kratky čas popularnosti v drugej polovici 19. stolěća i był sponzorovan od takyh osob jako [[Victor Hugo]], [[Alphonse de Lamartine]], [[Alexander von Humboldt]] i [[Napoleon III]],<ref name="pei">{{Cite book|last=Pei|first=Mario|author-link=Mario Pei|year=1969|title=Wanted: A World Language|type=Pamphlet|series=Public Affairs|volume=434|pages=11–12|publisher=Public Affairs Committee|publication-place=[[New York City]]|url=http://www.autodidactproject.org/other/pei_worldlg.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180125230417if_/http://www.autodidactproject.org/other/pei_worldlg.html|archive-date=2018-01-25|access-date=2025-11-28|df=mdy-all}}</ref> kulminujući s publikacijom [[Boleslas Gajewski|Boleslasa Gajewskogo]] {{Lang|fr|Grammaire du Solresol}} v 1902. Dnes, postoje male komunity entuzijastov Solresola rozsypane po cělem světě.<ref name="sidosi">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|title=Sidosi Home|url=https://www.sidosi.org/|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004090845if_/https://www.sidosi.org/|archive-date=2023-10-04|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> == Evolucija == Postoji několik verzij Solresola, každá s malymi razlikami. Tri glavne varijacije ktore su ješte v oběgu—Sudre, Gajewski i "Modern"—razlikuju se pretežno v različnyh elementah slovnika, a složaju se pretežno o gramatike. Sudre je stvoril jezyk, i tako njegova verzija zaslužuje nazv byti originalnom verzijom Solresola. Vincent Gajewski, parizsky profesor, popularizoval jezyk jako predsednik Centralnogo Komiteta za Studium i Napredovanje Solresola, ktory był osnovan v 1869 od Sudreove udovy, Joséphine, da bi dalje promoviral njegovo dělo. Boleslas Gajewski, Vincentov syn i sam profesor, formalizoval gramatiku i napisal definitivno dělo o jezyka: {{Language with name/for|fr|Grammaire du Solrésol|Gramatika Solresola}}.<ref name="grammar_eng">{{Cite web|last1=Gajewski|first1=Boleslas|last2=Rice|first2=Stephen L.|date=1997-11-19|orig-date=printed 1902 as {{Lang|fr|Grammaire du Solrésol}}, translated 1997|title=Grammar of Solresol, or the Universal Language of François Sudre|url=http://www.ptialaska.net/~srice/solresol/sorsoeng.htm|website=Stephen L. Rice: The Solresol Page|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070413035441if_/http://www.ptialaska.net/~srice/solresol/sorsoeng.htm|archive-date=2007-04-13|access-date=2019-09-29|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="grammar_pdf">{{Cite web|last=Gajewski|first=Boleslas|editor-last1=Rice|editor-first1=Stephen L.|editor-last2=Bigham|editor-first2=Doug|year=2005|orig-date=printed 1902 as {{Lang|fr|Grammaire du Solrésol}}, translated 1997 (Rice), revised 2005 (Bigham)|title=Grammar of Solresol, or the Universal Language of François Sudre|url=https://i.sidosi.org/resources/grammar-of-solresol-bigham/grammar-of-solresol-bigham.pdf|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217001045if_/https://i.sidosi.org/resources/grammar-of-solresol-bigham/grammar-of-solresol-bigham.pdf|archive-date=2019-12-17|access-date=2019-12-16|df=mdy-all}}</ref> To je najviše publicirana verzija Solresola, zahvaljujući překladu na anglijsky od Stephena L. Ricea iz 1997,{{R|grammar_pdf}}{{R|grammar_eng}} s znatnom količinom slovnika izměnjenogo od originala, kao i něktore gramatike. Jedny priměr je slovo ''fasol'', definovano kao "tutaj" v Sudreovom slovniku, ale "začto?" v Gajewskom. Tretja je neoficijalna verzija razvijana vremenom od komunity, nazvana "Moderny Solresol". Ona koristi Sudreovu verziju kao bazu, s prilagodbami gramatike i slovnika, takimi jako izměna definicij ''sisol'' i ''sila'' od značenja "Gospodin" i "Mlady muž" na sistem [[honorifik|honorifikov]] inspiriran onym koristanym v japonščině; oba su rodno-neutralne titule, jedna za byti poštivy, a druga za byti ljubazny.<ref name="Modern Solresol Dictionary">{{Cite web|last1=Osteen|first1=Garrison|last2=Walters|first2=Scott|last3=Parson|first3=Daniel|last4=Fernandez|first4=Tobias|date=2018-03-12|title=Solresol Dictionary Modernised|url=https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/182okssrHseIggjHGlzWyFH81-o8y8EsvQtJfPJYu6r8/edit|format=XLSX|website=Google Sheets|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250829164017if_/https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/182okssrHseIggjHGlzWyFH81-o8y8EsvQtJfPJYu6r8/edit|archive-date=2025-08-29|archive-format=XLSX|access-date=2019-12-22|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Gajewskogo publikacija donesla razne dodatky ktore ne konfliktu s originalnom verzijom jezyka, taki jako razne nove metody komunikacije,{{R|grammar_pdf|p=16}} vključujući: skup symbolov koristane sedmih barv duhy, i koristane [[tonic sol-fa]] za signiranje jezyka ==Fonologija== [[File:Solresol.svg|thumb|right|Sedm konvencionalnyh not, barv, sylab, čisel i glifov koristanyh za prenos fonemov Solresola]] Solresol może być komunikovany koristajući sedm različnyh predmetov, s maksimumom pet na slovo. Statistički, ty kombinacije daju sedm jedno-sylabnyh slov, 49 dvuh-sylabnyh, 336 tri-sylabnyh, 2.268 četyr-sylabnyh i 9.072 pet-sylabnyh, za ukupno 11.732 mogućih primarnyh slov.<ref name="pei" /> Glavna metoda komunikacije je koristane sedmih [[solfedžio]] sylab (forma [[solmizacija|solmizacije]]), ktore mogu byti akcentovane, prodloužene ili ponovljene. Najprostši način koristati ty sylaby je govoriti ih jako by one byly regularne [[sylaba|sylaby]]. Zbog togo že predchádza [[Medžunarodny fonetičny alfabet|IPA]], ne postoje posebna pravila izgovora izvan standardnyh čitanj solfège. Zbog togo že vsaka sylaba je dovoljno odlična, mogu byti izgovorjene skoro vsakym načinom ktory čytateľ preferuje.{{CitationNeeded|date=July 2025}} Sudre je izložil način transkripcije fonetiky francozskogo (i tako mnogih drugih jezykov) do Solresola, primarno koristany za vlastne imenice.{{r|lmu1866|p=32}} Koristajući občne izgovory kako su dane od strane [[Wiktionary|Vikislovnika]], je moguće rekonstruovati tabulu glasov koristajući modernu IPA. Zbog malog broja sylab, je potrebno ostaviti kratku pauzu medźu slovami tako da vsako slovo ostane jasno odvojeno. Kako je primetil Boleslas Gajewski: "člověk bi měl věnovati veliku pozornost pauzi po vsakom slovu; ta mala pauza je potrebna za odvajanje slov, tako da slušatelj ne bude zbunjen".{{R|grammar_eng|p=Reversed meanings}} ===Slovnik=== V Solresol [[morfologija (lingvistika)|morfologiji]], vsako slovo je poděleno na kategorije ili značenja ili funkcije, gdźe duža slova su občno specifičnjejša. Slova se razlikuju po treh glavnyh karakteristikah: početnoj sylabě, dužině slova, i tomu da li ima par ponovljenih sylab. Slova koja su jedna i dve sylaby duge su koristana za [[Zaimennik|zaimenniky]] i občne [[Gramatična čestica|čestice]], a ty s ponovljenimi sylabami su [[Gramatično vreme|vremena]]. Slova koja su jednu sylabu duga su posvećena slovima ktora su često koristana (v času stvorenja Solresola). Ty ktore uključuju ponavljajuće sylaby su rezervovane za "čisla, měsece goda, dni neděle i temperatury [pogodne uslove]", na pr. redodo "jedny", remimi "dva" (po Gajewskom). Slova koja su četyri sylaby duga spadaju v razne tematske kategorije. Na pr., slova počinjuća s 'sol', koja ne uključuju ponovljene sylaby, imaju značenja vezana za umetnosti ili nauky (na pr. soldoredo, "umetnost"; solmiredo, "akustika").{{r|lmu1866|p=22.V}} Však, ako slova koja su četyri sylaby duga imaju par ponovljenih sylab, njihova značenja se odnose na bolesti ili medicinu (na pr. solsolredo, "migrena"; solreresol, "ospice").{{r|lmu1866|p=23.VI}} Točnjejše, klase bez ponovljenih sylab su: ''do'': člověk, njegovo tělo i duh, intelektualne sposobnosti, kvalitete i hrana; ''re'': odeća, dom, domaćinstvo i porodica; ''mi'': činjenja človeka i njegove mane; ''fa'': selo, putovanja, vojna, more; ''sol'': lepe umetnosti i nauky; ''la'': industrija i trgovina; ''si'': město, vlada i administracija. S ponovljenimi sylabami, iste sylaby daju: ''do'': religija; ''re'': konstrukcija i razne obrti; ''mi'': predlogi, prislovne fraze i izolovane prislovy; ''fa'': bolesti; ''sol'': bolesti (nast.); ''la'': industrija i trgovina (jako u tipu bez ponavljanja); ''si'': pravda, magistratura i sudovi. Konačno, kombinacije pet sylab označavaju životinje, rośliny i minerale. Po defaultu, vse žive imenice i zaimenniky podrazuměvaju da su mužskogo roda. Za razlikovanje ženskogo roda, bar, [[pomišljaj|pomišljaj]] ili [[makron (diakritika)|makron]] se dodaje na konačnu sylabu odgovarajućeg člena ili samogo slova. V govoru, to se označava ponavljanjem vokala sylaby, s [[glotalna stop|glotalnom stopom]] koja odvaja ponovljenu vokalu od ostatka slova.{{r|lmu1866|p=24}} Však, v modernyh překladah, zaimenniky se ne měnje v zavisnosti od [[Gramatičny rod|roda]]. Umesto toga, oni se prosto prevode na anglijsky kao neutralne zaimenniky; it i they. Jedna unikatna karakteristika Solresola je da značenja mogu byti obrnuta obrtanjem sylab v slovah. Na pr. ''fala'' znači dobro ili ukusno, a ''lafa'' znači zlo. Prekidi v logičkom poredu slov v vsakoj kategoriji su občno uzrokovani tymi obrtivymi slovami.{{r|lmu1866|p=31.XXI}} {| style="background: transparent; border: hidden;" | style="padding: 0 2em;" | {| class="wikitable" | [[File:Solresol - misol.jpg|x88px]] | [[File:Solresol - solmi.jpg|x88px]] |- | style="text-align: center;" | '''misol''': "dobro" | style="text-align: center;" | '''solmi''': "zlo" |} | style="padding-left: 2em;" | {| class="wikitable" | [[File:Solresol - domisol.jpg|x88px]] | [[File:Solresol - solmido.jpg|x88px]] |- | style="text-align: center;" | '''domisol''': "[[Bog]]" | style="text-align: center;" | '''solmido''': "[[Djavol]]" |} |} Však, ne vsa slova su obrtiva v tom smyslu, taki jako ''dorefare'' znači vrat, a ''refaredo'' znači garderoba, ktore očigledno nisu suprotnosti. Slědujuća tabula pokazuje slova do dvuh sylab iz Gajewskogo slovnika: {| class="wikitable" ! {{Diagonal split header|style=height: 3em; width: 7em|1. syl.|2. syl.}} ! ''Nijedna'' ! style="background-color: #f69;" | -do ! style="background-color: #f96;" | -re ! style="background-color: #ff9;" | -mi ! style="background-color: #9f6;" | -fa ! style="background-color: #9ff;" | -sol ! style="background-color: #96f;" | -la ! style="background-color: #f9f;" | -si/-ti |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #f69;" | Do- | style="background-color: #f69;" | ne, ni, niti | style="background-color: #f69;" | (prošlo) | ja, mene || ty [sg] || on || se, sebe || jedny, někto || drugy |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #f96;" | Re- | style="background-color: #f96;" | i, tak jako | moj, moje | style="background-color: #f96;" | (pluperfekt) | tvoj, tvoje [sg] || njegov || naš, naše || vaš, vaše [pl] || njihov |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #ff9;" | Mi- | style="background-color: #ff9;" | ili, ili čak | za, da bi/da || ktory, koja (odnos. zaim.), že (veznik) | style="background-color: #ff9;" | (buduće) | čij, čija || dobro (prisl.) || tutaj je/tu je, gle || dobar večer/noć |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #9f6;" | Fa- | style="background-color: #9f6;" | k, ka | što? || s, sa, zajedno || ovaj, ova, ovo | style="background-color: #9f6;" | (kond.) | začto, iz kog razloga || dobro, ukusno, slasno || mnogo, velmi, krajno |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #9ff;" | Sol- | style="background-color: #9ff;" | ako | ale || v, unutra || zlo, loše (prisl.) || zato, jer | style="background-color: #9ff;" | (imperativ) | věčno, vsegda, bez konca || hvala, hvaly |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #96f;" | <span style="color: #000;">La-</span> | style="background-color: #96f;" | <span style="color: #000;">ty (člen)</span> | ničto, nikto, nijedny || od, po || tutaj, tam || zlo, loše || nikogda, nikad | style="background-color: #96f;" | <span style="color: #000;">(prezentni participij)</span> || od, iz |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #f9f;"| Si-/Ti- | style="background-color: #f9f;" | da, dobro, rado, složeno | isto (stvar) | vsaky, každy | dobro jutro/popoldne | malo, jedva |gospodin, pan |mlady muž, neženja | style="background-color: #f9f;" | <span style="color: #000;">(pasivny participij)</span> |} Određeny člen ima razne forme za [[Nominativ|nominativny]], [[Genitiv|genitivny]] i [[Dativ|dativny]] padež, ili, v anglijskom, za "the", "to the" i "of the": 'la', 'fa' i 'lasi', po redu.{{r|lmu1866|p=23-24.VII-VIII}} ==Gramatika== Osim naglaska i dužiny, slova Solresola se ne inflektuju. Da bi rečenice ostale jasne, posebno s mogućnošću gubitka informacij pri komunikaciji, odredjene časti řeči sleduju strog slovored. :Prěvjesniki vsegda sleduju imenicu ktoru određuju. :Nepremni objekty vsegda dolaze poslě glagola.{{r|lmu1866|p=26.XII}} :Priměry dane v originalnoj dokumentaciji ukazuju na [[subjekt–glagol–objekt slovored|slovored subjekt–glagol–objekt]],{{R|lmu1866|p=29.XVII}} však, to ne bi mělo imati značenje dok rečenica ostaje prosta i jasna. :Vremena vsegda prethode glagolom.{{r|lmu1866|p=30.XIX}} Da bi se slovo stvorilo u množini, [[akút|akútny naglasak]] se dodaje iznad poslednje sylaby, ktory se v govoru izgovara produženjem poslednje bukvy te sylaby.{{r|lmu1866|p=24.IX}} Priměry kako označiti množinu mužskih i ženskih slov: :''resimire'' brat, ''resimirē/resimire-e'' sestra :''resimiré'' bracia, ''resimiréē/resimiré-e'' sestry To utiče samo na prvo slovo v [[imenična fraza|imeničnoj frazi]]. To jest, utiče samo na imenicu kada je imenica sama, jako iznad. Ako je slovo popraćeno gramatičkom česticom (la, fa ili lasi), čestica će nositi oznaku roda i/ili broja umesto toga: :''la resimire'' [ty] brat, ''lā/la-a resimire'' [ta] sestra :''lá resimire'' [ty] bracia, ''láā/lá-a resimire'' [ty] sestry Časti řeči (jako i specifičnjejše definicije za něktora slova) se izvode iz glagol postavljanjem [[cirkumfleks|cirkumfleksa]] iznad jedne od sylab v pisanju, i izgovaranjem te sylaby s [[Glossary of music terminology#R|rinforzando]] (iznenadny naglasak ili [[Dynamics (music)#Gradual changes|crescendo]]). S naglaskom postavljenim na prvu sylabu, slovo postaje imenica. V četyri-sylabnyh slovah, naglašavanje druge sylaby stvara imenicu činitelja. [[Penult]]imna sylaba stvara prěvjesnik, a poslednja stvara prislov.{{r|lmu1866|p=25.XI}} Na pr., :''midofa'' preferovati, ''mîdofa'' preferencija, ''midôfa'' preferabilny, ''midofâ'' preferabilno :''resolmila'' nastaviti, ''rêsolmila'' nastavjenje, ''resôlmila'' jedny ktory nastavlja, ''resolmîla'' staly, ''resolmilâ'' stalno Na kompjuteryh koristajući rasporede klavijatur bez cirkumfleksa, sylaba może być napisana velikimi bukvami, ili [[caret]] postavljen medźu bukvy sylaby ili poslě sylaby. Zbog gramatike i slovoreda Solresola, razlikovanje častij řeči občno nije potrebno za razuměnje rečenice. Razne [[tense–aspect–mood|vremensko-načinske]] čestice su dvojne sylaby, kako je dato u slovniku iznad. Dodatno, po Gajewskom, pasivne glagoly se tvore s ''faremi'' medźu tom česticom i glagolom. Subjunktiv se tvori s ''mire'' pred zaimennikom. Negacija ''do'' se pojavljuje samo jednom v klauzi, pred slovom koje negira. Slovo ''fasi'' pred imenicom ili prěvjesnikom je [[augmentativ|augmentativno]]; poslě njega je [[Degrees of comparison of adjectives and adverbs|superlativ]]. ''Sifa'' je suprotnost ([[diminutiv|diminutivno]]):{{r|lmu1866|p=21.III}} :''fala'' dobro, ''fasi fala'' velmi dobro, ''fala fasi'' odlično, najbolje; ''sifa fala'' dobro (ali ne odlično), ''fala sifa'' ne velmi dobro (i slično s ''lafa'' zlo) :''sisire'' vjetar, ''fasi sisire'' oluja, ''sisire fasi'' ciklon; ''sifa sisire'' povjetarac, ''sisire sifa'' kretanje vazduha Pitanja Pitanja v Solresolu ne dobijaju mnogo pažnje u originalnoj dokumentaciji, niti imaju mnogo priměrov. Sudreova publikacija uključuje tri priměra upitnyh rečenic:{{r|lmu1866|p=127}} :Je vaše zdravlje dobro? – Redofafa? :Hoćete li ići na selo ove godine? – Fadoremi? :Hoćete li ići u pozorište večeras? – Soldoremi? Da bi se to stvorilo kao potvrdna izjava, dodaje se osobny zaimennik poslě: :Moje zdravlje je dobro. – Redofafa dore. :Ići ću na selo ove godine. – Fadoremi dore. :Ići ću u pozorište večeras. – Soldoremi dore. Gajewski umesto toga postavlja subjekt rečenice poslě glagola umesto pred glagolom, konstrukcija občna v evropskih jezycich. Nektery priměry su:{{R|grammar_eng|p=Interrogation and Negation}} :Jesam li? – Faremi dore? :Razumije li on? – Falafa dofa? :Učite li? – Sidosi domi? V vsih verzijah jezyka, postoje slova četyri sylaby duga, ponovljena "Mi" sekcija slovnika koja uključuje neka občna pitanja, taki jako:{{r|lmu1866|p=109.123}} :Miladodo? – Do kogo stepena/mjere? :Milarere? – Dobro? :Misirere? – Kto je to? ==Solresol pismo== [[File:Solresol symbols.svg|thumb|Symboly Solresola]] Pismo koristano v Solresolu sastoji se od sedmih unikatnyh symbolov, vsaky predstavljajući jednu od sedmih "not". Na pr., "[[C (muzikalna nota)|Do]]" je krug, a "[[G (muzikalna nota)|Sol]]" je horizontalna linija. Slova Solresola se tvore povezivanjem symbolov v poredu kako se pojavljuju v slovu. Dvojne note se predstavljaju križanjem symbola. [[File:Solresol words.svg|thumb|Nekta osnovna slova Solresola]] Druge karakteristike Nepristrasny i relativno prosty Integrovane sistemy ([[znakovny jezyk|znakovny jezyk]], barvy, itd.) za većinu [[invaliditet|ometenj]], odmah operativne bez posebnogo učenja Brzo uspěšno učenje za nepismene (samo sedm sylab ili znakov ili deset bukv za znati i prepoznati) Vrlo prosty ali efektivny sistem za razlikovanje funkcij slov v rečenicah Koristajući [[tonic sol-fa]] sistem od [[John Curwen|Johna Curwena]], Solresol może też być [[znakovny jezyk|znakovano]]. Daljnji razvoj Drugi način koristania Solresola se naziva ''ses'', razvijen od [[C. George Boeree|C. Georgea Boereea]].<ref name="loan_words">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|title=Using loan words in Solresol|url=https://www.tumblr.com/sidosi/181390815161/using-loan-words-in-solresol|website=Tumblr|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251128152044if_/https://www.tumblr.com/sidosi/181390815161/using-loan-words-in-solresol|archive-date=2025-11-28|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Koristajući to, note dobijaju reprezentativne konsonante i vokale (ili diftongy). Najprostša slova koriste samo vokalu, dok vsa druga koriste složenjejšu strukturu sylab. do ⇒ p / o re ⇒ k / e mi ⇒ m / i fa ⇒ f / a sol ⇒ s / u la ⇒ l / au ti ⇒ t / ai Na ovaj način, można pisati ili izgovarati slova taki jako to: : sol-sol-re-do ⇒ suko (cvcv) – migrena Zato što se množina i ženske forme slov u Solresolu označavaju naglaskom ili dužinom glasov, ses koristi ''pau'' (nektory) ili ''fai'' (mnogo) za označavanje množiny, i ''mu'' (dobro) za označavanje ženskogo roda kogda je potrebno. == Kodiranje == Zahtev za [[ISO 639-3]] jezykovy kod, privremeno predloženy jako {{Code|sud}}, był upućen [[SIL Global|SIL-u]] 28 avgusta 2017,<ref name="sil_change">{{Cite web|author=SIL International|author-link=SIL Global|date=2017-08-28|title=ISO 639-3 Registration Authority Request for Change No. 2017-032|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032.pdf|website=ISO 639-3|publication-place=[[Dallas]]|format=PDF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605171450if_/https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032.pdf|archive-date=2019-06-05|archive-format=PDF|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="sil_new">{{Cite web|author=SIL International|author-link=SIL Global|date=2017-08-28|title=Request for New Language Code Element in ISO 639-3: [sud]|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032_sud.pdf|website=ISO 639-3|publication-place=[[Dallas]]|format=PDF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605171450if_/https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032_sud.pdf|archive-date=2019-06-05|archive-format=PDF|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="sidosi_request">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|date=2017-07-28|title=The Road to ISO 639-3|url=https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=310|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230829154231if_/https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=310|archive-date=2023-08-29|access-date=2018-10-22|df=mdy-all}}</ref> ale był odrinuły 23 janvara 2018.<ref name="sil_rejection">{{Cite web|author=SIL International|author-link=SIL Global|date=2018-01-23|title=Comments received for ISO 639-3 Change Request 2017-032|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/CR_Comments_2017-032.pdf|website=ISO 639-3|publication-place=[[Dallas]]|format=PDF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605171452if_/https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/CR_Comments_2017-032.pdf|archive-date=2019-06-05|archive-format=PDF|page=2|access-date=2019-09-27|df=mdy-all|quote=Zahtev za stvorenje koda [sud] za Solresol je odrinuły.}}</ref><ref name="sidosi_rejection">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|date=2018-02-01|title=Beyond ISO 639-3 (for now)|url=https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=350|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230829153926if_/https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=350|archive-date=2023-08-29|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Solresol je dobil kody {{Code|qso}} i {{Code|art-x-solresol}} v [[Codes for constructed languages|ConLang Code Registry]].<ref name="clcr">{{Cite web|last=Bettencourt|first=Rebecca G.|date=2015-01-08|title=ConLang Code Registry|url=https://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/|website=Kreative Korporation|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221127152005if_/http://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/|archive-date=2022-11-27|access-date=2021-04-06|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Sedm osnovnyh symbolov bylo predloženo za registraciju v [[ConScript Unicode Registry]].<ref name="csur">{{Cite web|last=Everson|first=Michael|author-link=Michael Everson|date=1997-01-21|title=Solresol: U+E770–U+E77F|url=https://www.evertype.com/standards/csur/solresol.html|website=ConScript Unicode Registry|publisher=Evertype|publication-place=[[Lecanvey]], [[Ireland]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417191120if_/https://www.evertype.com/standards/csur/solresol.html|archive-date=2021-04-17|access-date=2021-04-06|df=mdy-all}}</ref> == Priměrne teksty == ; Član 1 ''[[Universalne deklaracije človečih prav]]'' v anglijskom : ''All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.''<ref name="undr">{{Cite wikisource|author=United Nations Commission on Human Rights|author-link=Drafting of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights|date=1948-12-10|title=Universal Declaration of Human Rights|wsat=Article 1|scan=Page:Universal Declaration of Human Rights.djvu/2|publisher=[[United Nations]]|location=[[Paris]]|iconfirst=yes|nolink=yes}}</ref> ; Isti tekst v Solresolu : Siré misolredo faremi doredore domisimi re misóla, solfalafá dósila re réfasi. Dófa faremi remila fare dômilafa re dôfasifa, re fafa fasolfa midolǎ fare dômisola lasi sîmisila. ; Predstavlene koristajući ''ses'' Solresol : Sé muro fem pepe omúm e múl, salá ósau e éfai. Óf fem ril fe ômauf e ôfaif, e fa fuf ipǎu fe ômul lai âimail. Također vidźte [[muzikalny jezyk]] [[solfedžio]] [[Tonic sol-fa]] [[Voyage to Faremido]] [[Ro jezyk]] ==Iztočniky== {{Iztočniky}} == Čitati dalje == * {{Cite book|last=Sudre|first=François|year=1866|title=Langue Musicale Universelle|url=http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/ladosol.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070831060525if_/http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/ladosol.html|archive-date=2007-08-31|publication-place=Paris|language=fr}} – HTML verzija celogo teksta Sudreovogo toma iz 1866, s originalnym [https://web.archive.org/web/20070831061613if_/http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/lrls_sosfs.html slovnikom] i [https://web.archive.org/web/20080310234035/http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/solrelaF.html frazeologijom] (v francozskom). * {{Cite book|last1=Couturat|first1=Louis|last2=Leau|first2=Léopold|year=1903|title=Histoire de la Langue Universelle|url=https://archive.org/details/histoiredelalang00coutuoft|publisher=Librairie Hachette|publication-place=[[Paris]]|language=fr|access-date=2025-11-28|df=mdy-all}} * {{Cite book|last=Eco|first=Umberto|author-link=Umberto Eco|date=1997-04-08|title=The Search for the Perfect Language|url=https://archive.org/details/searchforperfect00ecou|publisher=[[Wiley-Blackwell]]|publication-place=[[Cambridge, Massachusetts|Cambridge, Mass.]]|edition=1|series=The Making of Europe|isbn=978-0-631-20510-4|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}} ==Vněšnje linky== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20191115021254if_/https://www.omniglot.com/writing/solresol.htm Solresol jezyk i stenografično pismo] na Omniglot, online enciklopediji sistemov pisanja i jezykov * Anglijsko-Solresol slovniky od [https://web.archive.org/web/20250121193252if_/http://www.datapacrat.com/True/LANG/SOLRESOL/DICTIONA.HTM Jasona Hutchensa] (6 julija 1998) i [https://web.archive.org/web/20100923132246if_/http://www.ifost.org.au/~gregb/solresol/sorsolex.htm Stephena L. Ricea] (19 novembra 1997) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20231130083816if_/http://sharyphil.com/root/solresol-the-project/ SolReSol: Projekt v0.95] od Phila Sharyja, open source Solresol–anglijsky i anglijsky–Solresol překladateľsky program za Windows (32- i 64-bitny) s live MIDI podporom (24 februara 2015) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20250818235352if_/https://wiki.xxiivv.com/site/solresol.html Moderny Simetričny Solresol] od Davida Mondou-Labbého (28 septembra 2023) * [https://eliseduv.dev/solresol/ Překladač Anglijsky↔Solresol] {{Umětne jezyky}} [[Kategorija:1827 introdukcije]] [[Kategorija:Analitične jezyky]] [[Kategorija:Konstruovane jezyky]] [[Kategorija:Medžunarodne pomočne jezyky]] [[Kategorija:jezyky potvrđene od 1820-tyh]] [[Kategorija:muzikalne jezyky]] 8w2v9tkp73tz5m0783d8f24u51fdrqq 45631 45630 2026-08-13T08:56:41Z Ilja isv 10 /* Priměrne teksty */ 45631 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kartka jezyk | name = Solresol | nativename = <center>''[[solfedžio]]'': Sol-Re-Sol</center> | image = Solresol-langage.svg | created = 1827 | creator = [[François Sudre|{{-|François Sudre|Франсуа Судр}}]] | fam1 = [[umětne jezyky]] | fam2 = [[Pomočny jezyk]], [[Umětne jezyky#A priori|a priori]] | fam3 = [[muzikalny jezyk]] | posteriori = [[Umětne jezyky#A priori|a priori]] | script = pismo Solresol ; [[solfedžio]]; [[noty]]; [[barvy spektra]] | sign = Podpisana notacija; [[tonic sol-fa]] znaky od [[John Curwen]] | iso3 = qso | iso3comment = [https://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/ (lokalno koristane)] | glotto = none | ietf = [https://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/ art-x-solresol] }} '''Solresol''' ([[solfedžio]]: [[G (muzikalna nota)|Sol]]-[[D (muzikalna nota)|Re]]-[[G (muzikalna nota)|Sol]]), prvonačelno nazyvany {{Lang|fr|Langue universelle}} (bukv. 'Universalny jezyk') a potom {{Lang|fr|Langue musicale universelle}} ('Universalny muzikalny jezyk'), je [[muzikalny jezyk|muzikalny]] [[umětny jezyk]] stvorjeny od francozskogo učiteľa musiky i kompozitora [[François Sudre|Jean-Françoisa Sudrea]] (1787–1862), počinajući v 1817. Njegova kniga definujuća to, {{Lang|fr|Langue Musicale Universelle}}, była publikovana posmrtno v 1866,<ref name="lmu1866">{{Cite book|last=Sudre|first=François|year=1866|title=Langue Musicale Universelle|url=https://www.ifost.org.au/~gregb/solresol/sudre-book.pdf|format=PDF|url-status=live|publication-place=[[Paris]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320142510if_/http://www.ifost.org.au/~gregb/solresol/sudre-book.pdf|archive-date=2012-03-20|archive-format=PDF|language=fr|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> iako je on već několik godin publiciral to. Solresol doživil kratky čas popularnosti v drugej polovici 19. stolěća i był sponzorovan od takyh osob jako [[Victor Hugo]], [[Alphonse de Lamartine]], [[Alexander von Humboldt]] i [[Napoleon III]],<ref name="pei">{{Cite book|last=Pei|first=Mario|author-link=Mario Pei|year=1969|title=Wanted: A World Language|type=Pamphlet|series=Public Affairs|volume=434|pages=11–12|publisher=Public Affairs Committee|publication-place=[[New York City]]|url=http://www.autodidactproject.org/other/pei_worldlg.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180125230417if_/http://www.autodidactproject.org/other/pei_worldlg.html|archive-date=2018-01-25|access-date=2025-11-28|df=mdy-all}}</ref> kulminujući s publikacijom [[Boleslas Gajewski|Boleslasa Gajewskogo]] {{Lang|fr|Grammaire du Solresol}} v 1902. Dnes, postoje male komunity entuzijastov Solresola rozsypane po cělem světě.<ref name="sidosi">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|title=Sidosi Home|url=https://www.sidosi.org/|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004090845if_/https://www.sidosi.org/|archive-date=2023-10-04|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> == Evolucija == Postoji několik verzij Solresola, každá s malymi razlikami. Tri glavne varijacije ktore su ješte v oběgu—Sudre, Gajewski i "Modern"—razlikuju se pretežno v različnyh elementah slovnika, a složaju se pretežno o gramatike. Sudre je stvoril jezyk, i tako njegova verzija zaslužuje nazv byti originalnom verzijom Solresola. Vincent Gajewski, parizsky profesor, popularizoval jezyk jako predsednik Centralnogo Komiteta za Studium i Napredovanje Solresola, ktory był osnovan v 1869 od Sudreove udovy, Joséphine, da bi dalje promoviral njegovo dělo. Boleslas Gajewski, Vincentov syn i sam profesor, formalizoval gramatiku i napisal definitivno dělo o jezyka: {{Language with name/for|fr|Grammaire du Solrésol|Gramatika Solresola}}.<ref name="grammar_eng">{{Cite web|last1=Gajewski|first1=Boleslas|last2=Rice|first2=Stephen L.|date=1997-11-19|orig-date=printed 1902 as {{Lang|fr|Grammaire du Solrésol}}, translated 1997|title=Grammar of Solresol, or the Universal Language of François Sudre|url=http://www.ptialaska.net/~srice/solresol/sorsoeng.htm|website=Stephen L. Rice: The Solresol Page|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070413035441if_/http://www.ptialaska.net/~srice/solresol/sorsoeng.htm|archive-date=2007-04-13|access-date=2019-09-29|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="grammar_pdf">{{Cite web|last=Gajewski|first=Boleslas|editor-last1=Rice|editor-first1=Stephen L.|editor-last2=Bigham|editor-first2=Doug|year=2005|orig-date=printed 1902 as {{Lang|fr|Grammaire du Solrésol}}, translated 1997 (Rice), revised 2005 (Bigham)|title=Grammar of Solresol, or the Universal Language of François Sudre|url=https://i.sidosi.org/resources/grammar-of-solresol-bigham/grammar-of-solresol-bigham.pdf|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217001045if_/https://i.sidosi.org/resources/grammar-of-solresol-bigham/grammar-of-solresol-bigham.pdf|archive-date=2019-12-17|access-date=2019-12-16|df=mdy-all}}</ref> To je najviše publicirana verzija Solresola, zahvaljujući překladu na anglijsky od Stephena L. Ricea iz 1997,{{R|grammar_pdf}}{{R|grammar_eng}} s znatnom količinom slovnika izměnjenogo od originala, kao i něktore gramatike. Jedny priměr je slovo ''fasol'', definovano kao "tutaj" v Sudreovom slovniku, ale "začto?" v Gajewskom. Tretja je neoficijalna verzija razvijana vremenom od komunity, nazvana "Moderny Solresol". Ona koristi Sudreovu verziju kao bazu, s prilagodbami gramatike i slovnika, takimi jako izměna definicij ''sisol'' i ''sila'' od značenja "Gospodin" i "Mlady muž" na sistem [[honorifik|honorifikov]] inspiriran onym koristanym v japonščině; oba su rodno-neutralne titule, jedna za byti poštivy, a druga za byti ljubazny.<ref name="Modern Solresol Dictionary">{{Cite web|last1=Osteen|first1=Garrison|last2=Walters|first2=Scott|last3=Parson|first3=Daniel|last4=Fernandez|first4=Tobias|date=2018-03-12|title=Solresol Dictionary Modernised|url=https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/182okssrHseIggjHGlzWyFH81-o8y8EsvQtJfPJYu6r8/edit|format=XLSX|website=Google Sheets|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250829164017if_/https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/182okssrHseIggjHGlzWyFH81-o8y8EsvQtJfPJYu6r8/edit|archive-date=2025-08-29|archive-format=XLSX|access-date=2019-12-22|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Gajewskogo publikacija donesla razne dodatky ktore ne konfliktu s originalnom verzijom jezyka, taki jako razne nove metody komunikacije,{{R|grammar_pdf|p=16}} vključujući: skup symbolov koristane sedmih barv duhy, i koristane [[tonic sol-fa]] za signiranje jezyka ==Fonologija== [[File:Solresol.svg|thumb|right|Sedm konvencionalnyh not, barv, sylab, čisel i glifov koristanyh za prenos fonemov Solresola]] Solresol może być komunikovany koristajući sedm različnyh predmetov, s maksimumom pet na slovo. Statistički, ty kombinacije daju sedm jedno-sylabnyh slov, 49 dvuh-sylabnyh, 336 tri-sylabnyh, 2.268 četyr-sylabnyh i 9.072 pet-sylabnyh, za ukupno 11.732 mogućih primarnyh slov.<ref name="pei" /> Glavna metoda komunikacije je koristane sedmih [[solfedžio]] sylab (forma [[solmizacija|solmizacije]]), ktore mogu byti akcentovane, prodloužene ili ponovljene. Najprostši način koristati ty sylaby je govoriti ih jako by one byly regularne [[sylaba|sylaby]]. Zbog togo že predchádza [[Medžunarodny fonetičny alfabet|IPA]], ne postoje posebna pravila izgovora izvan standardnyh čitanj solfège. Zbog togo že vsaka sylaba je dovoljno odlična, mogu byti izgovorjene skoro vsakym načinom ktory čytateľ preferuje.{{CitationNeeded|date=July 2025}} Sudre je izložil način transkripcije fonetiky francozskogo (i tako mnogih drugih jezykov) do Solresola, primarno koristany za vlastne imenice.{{r|lmu1866|p=32}} Koristajući občne izgovory kako su dane od strane [[Wiktionary|Vikislovnika]], je moguće rekonstruovati tabulu glasov koristajući modernu IPA. Zbog malog broja sylab, je potrebno ostaviti kratku pauzu medźu slovami tako da vsako slovo ostane jasno odvojeno. Kako je primetil Boleslas Gajewski: "člověk bi měl věnovati veliku pozornost pauzi po vsakom slovu; ta mala pauza je potrebna za odvajanje slov, tako da slušatelj ne bude zbunjen".{{R|grammar_eng|p=Reversed meanings}} ===Slovnik=== V Solresol [[morfologija (lingvistika)|morfologiji]], vsako slovo je poděleno na kategorije ili značenja ili funkcije, gdźe duža slova su občno specifičnjejša. Slova se razlikuju po treh glavnyh karakteristikah: početnoj sylabě, dužině slova, i tomu da li ima par ponovljenih sylab. Slova koja su jedna i dve sylaby duge su koristana za [[Zaimennik|zaimenniky]] i občne [[Gramatična čestica|čestice]], a ty s ponovljenimi sylabami su [[Gramatično vreme|vremena]]. Slova koja su jednu sylabu duga su posvećena slovima ktora su često koristana (v času stvorenja Solresola). Ty ktore uključuju ponavljajuće sylaby su rezervovane za "čisla, měsece goda, dni neděle i temperatury [pogodne uslove]", na pr. redodo "jedny", remimi "dva" (po Gajewskom). Slova koja su četyri sylaby duga spadaju v razne tematske kategorije. Na pr., slova počinjuća s 'sol', koja ne uključuju ponovljene sylaby, imaju značenja vezana za umetnosti ili nauky (na pr. soldoredo, "umetnost"; solmiredo, "akustika").{{r|lmu1866|p=22.V}} Však, ako slova koja su četyri sylaby duga imaju par ponovljenih sylab, njihova značenja se odnose na bolesti ili medicinu (na pr. solsolredo, "migrena"; solreresol, "ospice").{{r|lmu1866|p=23.VI}} Točnjejše, klase bez ponovljenih sylab su: ''do'': člověk, njegovo tělo i duh, intelektualne sposobnosti, kvalitete i hrana; ''re'': odeća, dom, domaćinstvo i porodica; ''mi'': činjenja človeka i njegove mane; ''fa'': selo, putovanja, vojna, more; ''sol'': lepe umetnosti i nauky; ''la'': industrija i trgovina; ''si'': město, vlada i administracija. S ponovljenimi sylabami, iste sylaby daju: ''do'': religija; ''re'': konstrukcija i razne obrti; ''mi'': predlogi, prislovne fraze i izolovane prislovy; ''fa'': bolesti; ''sol'': bolesti (nast.); ''la'': industrija i trgovina (jako u tipu bez ponavljanja); ''si'': pravda, magistratura i sudovi. Konačno, kombinacije pet sylab označavaju životinje, rośliny i minerale. Po defaultu, vse žive imenice i zaimenniky podrazuměvaju da su mužskogo roda. Za razlikovanje ženskogo roda, bar, [[pomišljaj|pomišljaj]] ili [[makron (diakritika)|makron]] se dodaje na konačnu sylabu odgovarajućeg člena ili samogo slova. V govoru, to se označava ponavljanjem vokala sylaby, s [[glotalna stop|glotalnom stopom]] koja odvaja ponovljenu vokalu od ostatka slova.{{r|lmu1866|p=24}} Však, v modernyh překladah, zaimenniky se ne měnje v zavisnosti od [[Gramatičny rod|roda]]. Umesto toga, oni se prosto prevode na anglijsky kao neutralne zaimenniky; it i they. Jedna unikatna karakteristika Solresola je da značenja mogu byti obrnuta obrtanjem sylab v slovah. Na pr. ''fala'' znači dobro ili ukusno, a ''lafa'' znači zlo. Prekidi v logičkom poredu slov v vsakoj kategoriji su občno uzrokovani tymi obrtivymi slovami.{{r|lmu1866|p=31.XXI}} {| style="background: transparent; border: hidden;" | style="padding: 0 2em;" | {| class="wikitable" | [[File:Solresol - misol.jpg|x88px]] | [[File:Solresol - solmi.jpg|x88px]] |- | style="text-align: center;" | '''misol''': "dobro" | style="text-align: center;" | '''solmi''': "zlo" |} | style="padding-left: 2em;" | {| class="wikitable" | [[File:Solresol - domisol.jpg|x88px]] | [[File:Solresol - solmido.jpg|x88px]] |- | style="text-align: center;" | '''domisol''': "[[Bog]]" | style="text-align: center;" | '''solmido''': "[[Djavol]]" |} |} Však, ne vsa slova su obrtiva v tom smyslu, taki jako ''dorefare'' znači vrat, a ''refaredo'' znači garderoba, ktore očigledno nisu suprotnosti. Slědujuća tabula pokazuje slova do dvuh sylab iz Gajewskogo slovnika: {| class="wikitable" ! {{Diagonal split header|style=height: 3em; width: 7em|1. syl.|2. syl.}} ! ''Nijedna'' ! style="background-color: #f69;" | -do ! style="background-color: #f96;" | -re ! style="background-color: #ff9;" | -mi ! style="background-color: #9f6;" | -fa ! style="background-color: #9ff;" | -sol ! style="background-color: #96f;" | -la ! style="background-color: #f9f;" | -si/-ti |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #f69;" | Do- | style="background-color: #f69;" | ne, ni, niti | style="background-color: #f69;" | (prošlo) | ja, mene || ty [sg] || on || se, sebe || jedny, někto || drugy |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #f96;" | Re- | style="background-color: #f96;" | i, tak jako | moj, moje | style="background-color: #f96;" | (pluperfekt) | tvoj, tvoje [sg] || njegov || naš, naše || vaš, vaše [pl] || njihov |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #ff9;" | Mi- | style="background-color: #ff9;" | ili, ili čak | za, da bi/da || ktory, koja (odnos. zaim.), že (veznik) | style="background-color: #ff9;" | (buduće) | čij, čija || dobro (prisl.) || tutaj je/tu je, gle || dobar večer/noć |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #9f6;" | Fa- | style="background-color: #9f6;" | k, ka | što? || s, sa, zajedno || ovaj, ova, ovo | style="background-color: #9f6;" | (kond.) | začto, iz kog razloga || dobro, ukusno, slasno || mnogo, velmi, krajno |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #9ff;" | Sol- | style="background-color: #9ff;" | ako | ale || v, unutra || zlo, loše (prisl.) || zato, jer | style="background-color: #9ff;" | (imperativ) | věčno, vsegda, bez konca || hvala, hvaly |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #96f;" | <span style="color: #000;">La-</span> | style="background-color: #96f;" | <span style="color: #000;">ty (člen)</span> | ničto, nikto, nijedny || od, po || tutaj, tam || zlo, loše || nikogda, nikad | style="background-color: #96f;" | <span style="color: #000;">(prezentni participij)</span> || od, iz |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #f9f;"| Si-/Ti- | style="background-color: #f9f;" | da, dobro, rado, složeno | isto (stvar) | vsaky, každy | dobro jutro/popoldne | malo, jedva |gospodin, pan |mlady muž, neženja | style="background-color: #f9f;" | <span style="color: #000;">(pasivny participij)</span> |} Određeny člen ima razne forme za [[Nominativ|nominativny]], [[Genitiv|genitivny]] i [[Dativ|dativny]] padež, ili, v anglijskom, za "the", "to the" i "of the": 'la', 'fa' i 'lasi', po redu.{{r|lmu1866|p=23-24.VII-VIII}} ==Gramatika== Osim naglaska i dužiny, slova Solresola se ne inflektuju. Da bi rečenice ostale jasne, posebno s mogućnošću gubitka informacij pri komunikaciji, odredjene časti řeči sleduju strog slovored. :Prěvjesniki vsegda sleduju imenicu ktoru određuju. :Nepremni objekty vsegda dolaze poslě glagola.{{r|lmu1866|p=26.XII}} :Priměry dane v originalnoj dokumentaciji ukazuju na [[subjekt–glagol–objekt slovored|slovored subjekt–glagol–objekt]],{{R|lmu1866|p=29.XVII}} však, to ne bi mělo imati značenje dok rečenica ostaje prosta i jasna. :Vremena vsegda prethode glagolom.{{r|lmu1866|p=30.XIX}} Da bi se slovo stvorilo u množini, [[akút|akútny naglasak]] se dodaje iznad poslednje sylaby, ktory se v govoru izgovara produženjem poslednje bukvy te sylaby.{{r|lmu1866|p=24.IX}} Priměry kako označiti množinu mužskih i ženskih slov: :''resimire'' brat, ''resimirē/resimire-e'' sestra :''resimiré'' bracia, ''resimiréē/resimiré-e'' sestry To utiče samo na prvo slovo v [[imenična fraza|imeničnoj frazi]]. To jest, utiče samo na imenicu kada je imenica sama, jako iznad. Ako je slovo popraćeno gramatičkom česticom (la, fa ili lasi), čestica će nositi oznaku roda i/ili broja umesto toga: :''la resimire'' [ty] brat, ''lā/la-a resimire'' [ta] sestra :''lá resimire'' [ty] bracia, ''láā/lá-a resimire'' [ty] sestry Časti řeči (jako i specifičnjejše definicije za něktora slova) se izvode iz glagol postavljanjem [[cirkumfleks|cirkumfleksa]] iznad jedne od sylab v pisanju, i izgovaranjem te sylaby s [[Glossary of music terminology#R|rinforzando]] (iznenadny naglasak ili [[Dynamics (music)#Gradual changes|crescendo]]). S naglaskom postavljenim na prvu sylabu, slovo postaje imenica. V četyri-sylabnyh slovah, naglašavanje druge sylaby stvara imenicu činitelja. [[Penult]]imna sylaba stvara prěvjesnik, a poslednja stvara prislov.{{r|lmu1866|p=25.XI}} Na pr., :''midofa'' preferovati, ''mîdofa'' preferencija, ''midôfa'' preferabilny, ''midofâ'' preferabilno :''resolmila'' nastaviti, ''rêsolmila'' nastavjenje, ''resôlmila'' jedny ktory nastavlja, ''resolmîla'' staly, ''resolmilâ'' stalno Na kompjuteryh koristajući rasporede klavijatur bez cirkumfleksa, sylaba może być napisana velikimi bukvami, ili [[caret]] postavljen medźu bukvy sylaby ili poslě sylaby. Zbog gramatike i slovoreda Solresola, razlikovanje častij řeči občno nije potrebno za razuměnje rečenice. Razne [[tense–aspect–mood|vremensko-načinske]] čestice su dvojne sylaby, kako je dato u slovniku iznad. Dodatno, po Gajewskom, pasivne glagoly se tvore s ''faremi'' medźu tom česticom i glagolom. Subjunktiv se tvori s ''mire'' pred zaimennikom. Negacija ''do'' se pojavljuje samo jednom v klauzi, pred slovom koje negira. Slovo ''fasi'' pred imenicom ili prěvjesnikom je [[augmentativ|augmentativno]]; poslě njega je [[Degrees of comparison of adjectives and adverbs|superlativ]]. ''Sifa'' je suprotnost ([[diminutiv|diminutivno]]):{{r|lmu1866|p=21.III}} :''fala'' dobro, ''fasi fala'' velmi dobro, ''fala fasi'' odlično, najbolje; ''sifa fala'' dobro (ali ne odlično), ''fala sifa'' ne velmi dobro (i slično s ''lafa'' zlo) :''sisire'' vjetar, ''fasi sisire'' oluja, ''sisire fasi'' ciklon; ''sifa sisire'' povjetarac, ''sisire sifa'' kretanje vazduha Pitanja Pitanja v Solresolu ne dobijaju mnogo pažnje u originalnoj dokumentaciji, niti imaju mnogo priměrov. Sudreova publikacija uključuje tri priměra upitnyh rečenic:{{r|lmu1866|p=127}} :Je vaše zdravlje dobro? – Redofafa? :Hoćete li ići na selo ove godine? – Fadoremi? :Hoćete li ići u pozorište večeras? – Soldoremi? Da bi se to stvorilo kao potvrdna izjava, dodaje se osobny zaimennik poslě: :Moje zdravlje je dobro. – Redofafa dore. :Ići ću na selo ove godine. – Fadoremi dore. :Ići ću u pozorište večeras. – Soldoremi dore. Gajewski umesto toga postavlja subjekt rečenice poslě glagola umesto pred glagolom, konstrukcija občna v evropskih jezycich. Nektery priměry su:{{R|grammar_eng|p=Interrogation and Negation}} :Jesam li? – Faremi dore? :Razumije li on? – Falafa dofa? :Učite li? – Sidosi domi? V vsih verzijah jezyka, postoje slova četyri sylaby duga, ponovljena "Mi" sekcija slovnika koja uključuje neka občna pitanja, taki jako:{{r|lmu1866|p=109.123}} :Miladodo? – Do kogo stepena/mjere? :Milarere? – Dobro? :Misirere? – Kto je to? ==Solresol pismo== [[File:Solresol symbols.svg|thumb|Symboly Solresola]] Pismo koristano v Solresolu sastoji se od sedmih unikatnyh symbolov, vsaky predstavljajući jednu od sedmih "not". Na pr., "[[C (muzikalna nota)|Do]]" je krug, a "[[G (muzikalna nota)|Sol]]" je horizontalna linija. Slova Solresola se tvore povezivanjem symbolov v poredu kako se pojavljuju v slovu. Dvojne note se predstavljaju križanjem symbola. [[File:Solresol words.svg|thumb|Nekta osnovna slova Solresola]] Druge karakteristike Nepristrasny i relativno prosty Integrovane sistemy ([[znakovny jezyk|znakovny jezyk]], barvy, itd.) za većinu [[invaliditet|ometenj]], odmah operativne bez posebnogo učenja Brzo uspěšno učenje za nepismene (samo sedm sylab ili znakov ili deset bukv za znati i prepoznati) Vrlo prosty ali efektivny sistem za razlikovanje funkcij slov v rečenicah Koristajući [[tonic sol-fa]] sistem od [[John Curwen|Johna Curwena]], Solresol może też być [[znakovny jezyk|znakovano]]. Daljnji razvoj Drugi način koristania Solresola se naziva ''ses'', razvijen od [[C. George Boeree|C. Georgea Boereea]].<ref name="loan_words">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|title=Using loan words in Solresol|url=https://www.tumblr.com/sidosi/181390815161/using-loan-words-in-solresol|website=Tumblr|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251128152044if_/https://www.tumblr.com/sidosi/181390815161/using-loan-words-in-solresol|archive-date=2025-11-28|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Koristajući to, note dobijaju reprezentativne konsonante i vokale (ili diftongy). Najprostša slova koriste samo vokalu, dok vsa druga koriste složenjejšu strukturu sylab. do ⇒ p / o re ⇒ k / e mi ⇒ m / i fa ⇒ f / a sol ⇒ s / u la ⇒ l / au ti ⇒ t / ai Na ovaj način, można pisati ili izgovarati slova taki jako to: : sol-sol-re-do ⇒ suko (cvcv) – migrena Zato što se množina i ženske forme slov u Solresolu označavaju naglaskom ili dužinom glasov, ses koristi ''pau'' (nektory) ili ''fai'' (mnogo) za označavanje množiny, i ''mu'' (dobro) za označavanje ženskogo roda kogda je potrebno. == Kodiranje == Zahtev za [[ISO 639-3]] jezykovy kod, privremeno predloženy jako {{Code|sud}}, był upućen [[SIL Global|SIL-u]] 28 avgusta 2017,<ref name="sil_change">{{Cite web|author=SIL International|author-link=SIL Global|date=2017-08-28|title=ISO 639-3 Registration Authority Request for Change No. 2017-032|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032.pdf|website=ISO 639-3|publication-place=[[Dallas]]|format=PDF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605171450if_/https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032.pdf|archive-date=2019-06-05|archive-format=PDF|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="sil_new">{{Cite web|author=SIL International|author-link=SIL Global|date=2017-08-28|title=Request for New Language Code Element in ISO 639-3: [sud]|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032_sud.pdf|website=ISO 639-3|publication-place=[[Dallas]]|format=PDF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605171450if_/https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032_sud.pdf|archive-date=2019-06-05|archive-format=PDF|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="sidosi_request">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|date=2017-07-28|title=The Road to ISO 639-3|url=https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=310|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230829154231if_/https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=310|archive-date=2023-08-29|access-date=2018-10-22|df=mdy-all}}</ref> ale był odrinuły 23 janvara 2018.<ref name="sil_rejection">{{Cite web|author=SIL International|author-link=SIL Global|date=2018-01-23|title=Comments received for ISO 639-3 Change Request 2017-032|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/CR_Comments_2017-032.pdf|website=ISO 639-3|publication-place=[[Dallas]]|format=PDF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605171452if_/https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/CR_Comments_2017-032.pdf|archive-date=2019-06-05|archive-format=PDF|page=2|access-date=2019-09-27|df=mdy-all|quote=Zahtev za stvorenje koda [sud] za Solresol je odrinuły.}}</ref><ref name="sidosi_rejection">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|date=2018-02-01|title=Beyond ISO 639-3 (for now)|url=https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=350|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230829153926if_/https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=350|archive-date=2023-08-29|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Solresol je dobil kody {{Code|qso}} i {{Code|art-x-solresol}} v [[Codes for constructed languages|ConLang Code Registry]].<ref name="clcr">{{Cite web|last=Bettencourt|first=Rebecca G.|date=2015-01-08|title=ConLang Code Registry|url=https://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/|website=Kreative Korporation|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221127152005if_/http://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/|archive-date=2022-11-27|access-date=2021-04-06|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Sedm osnovnyh symbolov bylo predloženo za registraciju v [[ConScript Unicode Registry]].<ref name="csur">{{Cite web|last=Everson|first=Michael|author-link=Michael Everson|date=1997-01-21|title=Solresol: U+E770–U+E77F|url=https://www.evertype.com/standards/csur/solresol.html|website=ConScript Unicode Registry|publisher=Evertype|publication-place=[[Lecanvey]], [[Ireland]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417191120if_/https://www.evertype.com/standards/csur/solresol.html|archive-date=2021-04-17|access-date=2021-04-06|df=mdy-all}}</ref> == Priměrne teksty == ; Članok 1 ''[[Universalna deklaracija prav člověka|Universalnoj deklaracija prav člověka]]'' na medžuslovjanskom : ''Vsi ljudi rodet se svobodnymi i ravnymi v svojem dostojenstvu i pravah. Oni sut obdarjene razumom i svědomjem i muset postupati v odnošenju jedin k drugomu v duhu bratstva.'' ; Prěvod na Solresol : Siré misolredo faremi doredore domisimi re misóla, solfalafá dósila re réfasi. Dófa faremi remila fare dômilafa re dôfasifa, re fafa fasolfa midolǎ fare dômisola lasi sîmisila. ; Predstavjeno koristajući ''ses'' Solresol : Sé muro fem pepe omúm e múl, salá ósau e éfai. Óf fem ril fe ômauf e ôfaif, e fa fuf ipǎu fe ômul lai âimail. == Gledite takože == [[muzikalny jezyk]] [[solfedžio]] [[Tonic sol-fa]] [[Voyage to Faremido]] [[Ro jezyk]] ==Iztočniky== {{Iztočniky}} == Čitati dalje == * {{Cite book|last=Sudre|first=François|year=1866|title=Langue Musicale Universelle|url=http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/ladosol.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070831060525if_/http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/ladosol.html|archive-date=2007-08-31|publication-place=Paris|language=fr}} – HTML verzija celogo teksta Sudreovogo toma iz 1866, s originalnym [https://web.archive.org/web/20070831061613if_/http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/lrls_sosfs.html slovnikom] i [https://web.archive.org/web/20080310234035/http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/solrelaF.html frazeologijom] (v francozskom). * {{Cite book|last1=Couturat|first1=Louis|last2=Leau|first2=Léopold|year=1903|title=Histoire de la Langue Universelle|url=https://archive.org/details/histoiredelalang00coutuoft|publisher=Librairie Hachette|publication-place=[[Paris]]|language=fr|access-date=2025-11-28|df=mdy-all}} * {{Cite book|last=Eco|first=Umberto|author-link=Umberto Eco|date=1997-04-08|title=The Search for the Perfect Language|url=https://archive.org/details/searchforperfect00ecou|publisher=[[Wiley-Blackwell]]|publication-place=[[Cambridge, Massachusetts|Cambridge, Mass.]]|edition=1|series=The Making of Europe|isbn=978-0-631-20510-4|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}} ==Vněšnje linky== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20191115021254if_/https://www.omniglot.com/writing/solresol.htm Solresol jezyk i stenografično pismo] na Omniglot, online enciklopediji sistemov pisanja i jezykov * Anglijsko-Solresol slovniky od [https://web.archive.org/web/20250121193252if_/http://www.datapacrat.com/True/LANG/SOLRESOL/DICTIONA.HTM Jasona Hutchensa] (6 julija 1998) i [https://web.archive.org/web/20100923132246if_/http://www.ifost.org.au/~gregb/solresol/sorsolex.htm Stephena L. Ricea] (19 novembra 1997) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20231130083816if_/http://sharyphil.com/root/solresol-the-project/ SolReSol: Projekt v0.95] od Phila Sharyja, open source Solresol–anglijsky i anglijsky–Solresol překladateľsky program za Windows (32- i 64-bitny) s live MIDI podporom (24 februara 2015) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20250818235352if_/https://wiki.xxiivv.com/site/solresol.html Moderny Simetričny Solresol] od Davida Mondou-Labbého (28 septembra 2023) * [https://eliseduv.dev/solresol/ Překladač Anglijsky↔Solresol] {{Umětne jezyky}} [[Kategorija:1827 introdukcije]] [[Kategorija:Analitične jezyky]] [[Kategorija:Konstruovane jezyky]] [[Kategorija:Medžunarodne pomočne jezyky]] [[Kategorija:jezyky potvrđene od 1820-tyh]] [[Kategorija:muzikalne jezyky]] i7k6quok58afscg9x04784uv828d6li 45632 45631 2026-08-13T08:58:02Z Ilja isv 10 /* Gledite takože */ 45632 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kartka jezyk | name = Solresol | nativename = <center>''[[solfedžio]]'': Sol-Re-Sol</center> | image = Solresol-langage.svg | created = 1827 | creator = [[François Sudre|{{-|François Sudre|Франсуа Судр}}]] | fam1 = [[umětne jezyky]] | fam2 = [[Pomočny jezyk]], [[Umětne jezyky#A priori|a priori]] | fam3 = [[muzikalny jezyk]] | posteriori = [[Umětne jezyky#A priori|a priori]] | script = pismo Solresol ; [[solfedžio]]; [[noty]]; [[barvy spektra]] | sign = Podpisana notacija; [[tonic sol-fa]] znaky od [[John Curwen]] | iso3 = qso | iso3comment = [https://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/ (lokalno koristane)] | glotto = none | ietf = [https://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/ art-x-solresol] }} '''Solresol''' ([[solfedžio]]: [[G (muzikalna nota)|Sol]]-[[D (muzikalna nota)|Re]]-[[G (muzikalna nota)|Sol]]), prvonačelno nazyvany {{Lang|fr|Langue universelle}} (bukv. 'Universalny jezyk') a potom {{Lang|fr|Langue musicale universelle}} ('Universalny muzikalny jezyk'), je [[muzikalny jezyk|muzikalny]] [[umětny jezyk]] stvorjeny od francozskogo učiteľa musiky i kompozitora [[François Sudre|Jean-Françoisa Sudrea]] (1787–1862), počinajući v 1817. Njegova kniga definujuća to, {{Lang|fr|Langue Musicale Universelle}}, była publikovana posmrtno v 1866,<ref name="lmu1866">{{Cite book|last=Sudre|first=François|year=1866|title=Langue Musicale Universelle|url=https://www.ifost.org.au/~gregb/solresol/sudre-book.pdf|format=PDF|url-status=live|publication-place=[[Paris]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320142510if_/http://www.ifost.org.au/~gregb/solresol/sudre-book.pdf|archive-date=2012-03-20|archive-format=PDF|language=fr|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> iako je on već několik godin publiciral to. Solresol doživil kratky čas popularnosti v drugej polovici 19. stolěća i był sponzorovan od takyh osob jako [[Victor Hugo]], [[Alphonse de Lamartine]], [[Alexander von Humboldt]] i [[Napoleon III]],<ref name="pei">{{Cite book|last=Pei|first=Mario|author-link=Mario Pei|year=1969|title=Wanted: A World Language|type=Pamphlet|series=Public Affairs|volume=434|pages=11–12|publisher=Public Affairs Committee|publication-place=[[New York City]]|url=http://www.autodidactproject.org/other/pei_worldlg.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180125230417if_/http://www.autodidactproject.org/other/pei_worldlg.html|archive-date=2018-01-25|access-date=2025-11-28|df=mdy-all}}</ref> kulminujući s publikacijom [[Boleslas Gajewski|Boleslasa Gajewskogo]] {{Lang|fr|Grammaire du Solresol}} v 1902. Dnes, postoje male komunity entuzijastov Solresola rozsypane po cělem světě.<ref name="sidosi">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|title=Sidosi Home|url=https://www.sidosi.org/|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004090845if_/https://www.sidosi.org/|archive-date=2023-10-04|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> == Evolucija == Postoji několik verzij Solresola, každá s malymi razlikami. Tri glavne varijacije ktore su ješte v oběgu—Sudre, Gajewski i "Modern"—razlikuju se pretežno v različnyh elementah slovnika, a složaju se pretežno o gramatike. Sudre je stvoril jezyk, i tako njegova verzija zaslužuje nazv byti originalnom verzijom Solresola. Vincent Gajewski, parizsky profesor, popularizoval jezyk jako predsednik Centralnogo Komiteta za Studium i Napredovanje Solresola, ktory był osnovan v 1869 od Sudreove udovy, Joséphine, da bi dalje promoviral njegovo dělo. Boleslas Gajewski, Vincentov syn i sam profesor, formalizoval gramatiku i napisal definitivno dělo o jezyka: {{Language with name/for|fr|Grammaire du Solrésol|Gramatika Solresola}}.<ref name="grammar_eng">{{Cite web|last1=Gajewski|first1=Boleslas|last2=Rice|first2=Stephen L.|date=1997-11-19|orig-date=printed 1902 as {{Lang|fr|Grammaire du Solrésol}}, translated 1997|title=Grammar of Solresol, or the Universal Language of François Sudre|url=http://www.ptialaska.net/~srice/solresol/sorsoeng.htm|website=Stephen L. Rice: The Solresol Page|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070413035441if_/http://www.ptialaska.net/~srice/solresol/sorsoeng.htm|archive-date=2007-04-13|access-date=2019-09-29|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="grammar_pdf">{{Cite web|last=Gajewski|first=Boleslas|editor-last1=Rice|editor-first1=Stephen L.|editor-last2=Bigham|editor-first2=Doug|year=2005|orig-date=printed 1902 as {{Lang|fr|Grammaire du Solrésol}}, translated 1997 (Rice), revised 2005 (Bigham)|title=Grammar of Solresol, or the Universal Language of François Sudre|url=https://i.sidosi.org/resources/grammar-of-solresol-bigham/grammar-of-solresol-bigham.pdf|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217001045if_/https://i.sidosi.org/resources/grammar-of-solresol-bigham/grammar-of-solresol-bigham.pdf|archive-date=2019-12-17|access-date=2019-12-16|df=mdy-all}}</ref> To je najviše publicirana verzija Solresola, zahvaljujući překladu na anglijsky od Stephena L. Ricea iz 1997,{{R|grammar_pdf}}{{R|grammar_eng}} s znatnom količinom slovnika izměnjenogo od originala, kao i něktore gramatike. Jedny priměr je slovo ''fasol'', definovano kao "tutaj" v Sudreovom slovniku, ale "začto?" v Gajewskom. Tretja je neoficijalna verzija razvijana vremenom od komunity, nazvana "Moderny Solresol". Ona koristi Sudreovu verziju kao bazu, s prilagodbami gramatike i slovnika, takimi jako izměna definicij ''sisol'' i ''sila'' od značenja "Gospodin" i "Mlady muž" na sistem [[honorifik|honorifikov]] inspiriran onym koristanym v japonščině; oba su rodno-neutralne titule, jedna za byti poštivy, a druga za byti ljubazny.<ref name="Modern Solresol Dictionary">{{Cite web|last1=Osteen|first1=Garrison|last2=Walters|first2=Scott|last3=Parson|first3=Daniel|last4=Fernandez|first4=Tobias|date=2018-03-12|title=Solresol Dictionary Modernised|url=https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/182okssrHseIggjHGlzWyFH81-o8y8EsvQtJfPJYu6r8/edit|format=XLSX|website=Google Sheets|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250829164017if_/https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/182okssrHseIggjHGlzWyFH81-o8y8EsvQtJfPJYu6r8/edit|archive-date=2025-08-29|archive-format=XLSX|access-date=2019-12-22|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Gajewskogo publikacija donesla razne dodatky ktore ne konfliktu s originalnom verzijom jezyka, taki jako razne nove metody komunikacije,{{R|grammar_pdf|p=16}} vključujući: skup symbolov koristane sedmih barv duhy, i koristane [[tonic sol-fa]] za signiranje jezyka ==Fonologija== [[File:Solresol.svg|thumb|right|Sedm konvencionalnyh not, barv, sylab, čisel i glifov koristanyh za prenos fonemov Solresola]] Solresol może być komunikovany koristajući sedm različnyh predmetov, s maksimumom pet na slovo. Statistički, ty kombinacije daju sedm jedno-sylabnyh slov, 49 dvuh-sylabnyh, 336 tri-sylabnyh, 2.268 četyr-sylabnyh i 9.072 pet-sylabnyh, za ukupno 11.732 mogućih primarnyh slov.<ref name="pei" /> Glavna metoda komunikacije je koristane sedmih [[solfedžio]] sylab (forma [[solmizacija|solmizacije]]), ktore mogu byti akcentovane, prodloužene ili ponovljene. Najprostši način koristati ty sylaby je govoriti ih jako by one byly regularne [[sylaba|sylaby]]. Zbog togo že predchádza [[Medžunarodny fonetičny alfabet|IPA]], ne postoje posebna pravila izgovora izvan standardnyh čitanj solfège. Zbog togo že vsaka sylaba je dovoljno odlična, mogu byti izgovorjene skoro vsakym načinom ktory čytateľ preferuje.{{CitationNeeded|date=July 2025}} Sudre je izložil način transkripcije fonetiky francozskogo (i tako mnogih drugih jezykov) do Solresola, primarno koristany za vlastne imenice.{{r|lmu1866|p=32}} Koristajući občne izgovory kako su dane od strane [[Wiktionary|Vikislovnika]], je moguće rekonstruovati tabulu glasov koristajući modernu IPA. Zbog malog broja sylab, je potrebno ostaviti kratku pauzu medźu slovami tako da vsako slovo ostane jasno odvojeno. Kako je primetil Boleslas Gajewski: "člověk bi měl věnovati veliku pozornost pauzi po vsakom slovu; ta mala pauza je potrebna za odvajanje slov, tako da slušatelj ne bude zbunjen".{{R|grammar_eng|p=Reversed meanings}} ===Slovnik=== V Solresol [[morfologija (lingvistika)|morfologiji]], vsako slovo je poděleno na kategorije ili značenja ili funkcije, gdźe duža slova su občno specifičnjejša. Slova se razlikuju po treh glavnyh karakteristikah: početnoj sylabě, dužině slova, i tomu da li ima par ponovljenih sylab. Slova koja su jedna i dve sylaby duge su koristana za [[Zaimennik|zaimenniky]] i občne [[Gramatična čestica|čestice]], a ty s ponovljenimi sylabami su [[Gramatično vreme|vremena]]. Slova koja su jednu sylabu duga su posvećena slovima ktora su često koristana (v času stvorenja Solresola). Ty ktore uključuju ponavljajuće sylaby su rezervovane za "čisla, měsece goda, dni neděle i temperatury [pogodne uslove]", na pr. redodo "jedny", remimi "dva" (po Gajewskom). Slova koja su četyri sylaby duga spadaju v razne tematske kategorije. Na pr., slova počinjuća s 'sol', koja ne uključuju ponovljene sylaby, imaju značenja vezana za umetnosti ili nauky (na pr. soldoredo, "umetnost"; solmiredo, "akustika").{{r|lmu1866|p=22.V}} Však, ako slova koja su četyri sylaby duga imaju par ponovljenih sylab, njihova značenja se odnose na bolesti ili medicinu (na pr. solsolredo, "migrena"; solreresol, "ospice").{{r|lmu1866|p=23.VI}} Točnjejše, klase bez ponovljenih sylab su: ''do'': člověk, njegovo tělo i duh, intelektualne sposobnosti, kvalitete i hrana; ''re'': odeća, dom, domaćinstvo i porodica; ''mi'': činjenja človeka i njegove mane; ''fa'': selo, putovanja, vojna, more; ''sol'': lepe umetnosti i nauky; ''la'': industrija i trgovina; ''si'': město, vlada i administracija. S ponovljenimi sylabami, iste sylaby daju: ''do'': religija; ''re'': konstrukcija i razne obrti; ''mi'': predlogi, prislovne fraze i izolovane prislovy; ''fa'': bolesti; ''sol'': bolesti (nast.); ''la'': industrija i trgovina (jako u tipu bez ponavljanja); ''si'': pravda, magistratura i sudovi. Konačno, kombinacije pet sylab označavaju životinje, rośliny i minerale. Po defaultu, vse žive imenice i zaimenniky podrazuměvaju da su mužskogo roda. Za razlikovanje ženskogo roda, bar, [[pomišljaj|pomišljaj]] ili [[makron (diakritika)|makron]] se dodaje na konačnu sylabu odgovarajućeg člena ili samogo slova. V govoru, to se označava ponavljanjem vokala sylaby, s [[glotalna stop|glotalnom stopom]] koja odvaja ponovljenu vokalu od ostatka slova.{{r|lmu1866|p=24}} Však, v modernyh překladah, zaimenniky se ne měnje v zavisnosti od [[Gramatičny rod|roda]]. Umesto toga, oni se prosto prevode na anglijsky kao neutralne zaimenniky; it i they. Jedna unikatna karakteristika Solresola je da značenja mogu byti obrnuta obrtanjem sylab v slovah. Na pr. ''fala'' znači dobro ili ukusno, a ''lafa'' znači zlo. Prekidi v logičkom poredu slov v vsakoj kategoriji su občno uzrokovani tymi obrtivymi slovami.{{r|lmu1866|p=31.XXI}} {| style="background: transparent; border: hidden;" | style="padding: 0 2em;" | {| class="wikitable" | [[File:Solresol - misol.jpg|x88px]] | [[File:Solresol - solmi.jpg|x88px]] |- | style="text-align: center;" | '''misol''': "dobro" | style="text-align: center;" | '''solmi''': "zlo" |} | style="padding-left: 2em;" | {| class="wikitable" | [[File:Solresol - domisol.jpg|x88px]] | [[File:Solresol - solmido.jpg|x88px]] |- | style="text-align: center;" | '''domisol''': "[[Bog]]" | style="text-align: center;" | '''solmido''': "[[Djavol]]" |} |} Však, ne vsa slova su obrtiva v tom smyslu, taki jako ''dorefare'' znači vrat, a ''refaredo'' znači garderoba, ktore očigledno nisu suprotnosti. Slědujuća tabula pokazuje slova do dvuh sylab iz Gajewskogo slovnika: {| class="wikitable" ! {{Diagonal split header|style=height: 3em; width: 7em|1. syl.|2. syl.}} ! ''Nijedna'' ! style="background-color: #f69;" | -do ! style="background-color: #f96;" | -re ! style="background-color: #ff9;" | -mi ! style="background-color: #9f6;" | -fa ! style="background-color: #9ff;" | -sol ! style="background-color: #96f;" | -la ! style="background-color: #f9f;" | -si/-ti |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #f69;" | Do- | style="background-color: #f69;" | ne, ni, niti | style="background-color: #f69;" | (prošlo) | ja, mene || ty [sg] || on || se, sebe || jedny, někto || drugy |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #f96;" | Re- | style="background-color: #f96;" | i, tak jako | moj, moje | style="background-color: #f96;" | (pluperfekt) | tvoj, tvoje [sg] || njegov || naš, naše || vaš, vaše [pl] || njihov |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #ff9;" | Mi- | style="background-color: #ff9;" | ili, ili čak | za, da bi/da || ktory, koja (odnos. zaim.), že (veznik) | style="background-color: #ff9;" | (buduće) | čij, čija || dobro (prisl.) || tutaj je/tu je, gle || dobar večer/noć |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #9f6;" | Fa- | style="background-color: #9f6;" | k, ka | što? || s, sa, zajedno || ovaj, ova, ovo | style="background-color: #9f6;" | (kond.) | začto, iz kog razloga || dobro, ukusno, slasno || mnogo, velmi, krajno |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #9ff;" | Sol- | style="background-color: #9ff;" | ako | ale || v, unutra || zlo, loše (prisl.) || zato, jer | style="background-color: #9ff;" | (imperativ) | věčno, vsegda, bez konca || hvala, hvaly |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #96f;" | <span style="color: #000;">La-</span> | style="background-color: #96f;" | <span style="color: #000;">ty (člen)</span> | ničto, nikto, nijedny || od, po || tutaj, tam || zlo, loše || nikogda, nikad | style="background-color: #96f;" | <span style="color: #000;">(prezentni participij)</span> || od, iz |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #f9f;"| Si-/Ti- | style="background-color: #f9f;" | da, dobro, rado, složeno | isto (stvar) | vsaky, každy | dobro jutro/popoldne | malo, jedva |gospodin, pan |mlady muž, neženja | style="background-color: #f9f;" | <span style="color: #000;">(pasivny participij)</span> |} Određeny člen ima razne forme za [[Nominativ|nominativny]], [[Genitiv|genitivny]] i [[Dativ|dativny]] padež, ili, v anglijskom, za "the", "to the" i "of the": 'la', 'fa' i 'lasi', po redu.{{r|lmu1866|p=23-24.VII-VIII}} ==Gramatika== Osim naglaska i dužiny, slova Solresola se ne inflektuju. Da bi rečenice ostale jasne, posebno s mogućnošću gubitka informacij pri komunikaciji, odredjene časti řeči sleduju strog slovored. :Prěvjesniki vsegda sleduju imenicu ktoru određuju. :Nepremni objekty vsegda dolaze poslě glagola.{{r|lmu1866|p=26.XII}} :Priměry dane v originalnoj dokumentaciji ukazuju na [[subjekt–glagol–objekt slovored|slovored subjekt–glagol–objekt]],{{R|lmu1866|p=29.XVII}} však, to ne bi mělo imati značenje dok rečenica ostaje prosta i jasna. :Vremena vsegda prethode glagolom.{{r|lmu1866|p=30.XIX}} Da bi se slovo stvorilo u množini, [[akút|akútny naglasak]] se dodaje iznad poslednje sylaby, ktory se v govoru izgovara produženjem poslednje bukvy te sylaby.{{r|lmu1866|p=24.IX}} Priměry kako označiti množinu mužskih i ženskih slov: :''resimire'' brat, ''resimirē/resimire-e'' sestra :''resimiré'' bracia, ''resimiréē/resimiré-e'' sestry To utiče samo na prvo slovo v [[imenična fraza|imeničnoj frazi]]. To jest, utiče samo na imenicu kada je imenica sama, jako iznad. Ako je slovo popraćeno gramatičkom česticom (la, fa ili lasi), čestica će nositi oznaku roda i/ili broja umesto toga: :''la resimire'' [ty] brat, ''lā/la-a resimire'' [ta] sestra :''lá resimire'' [ty] bracia, ''láā/lá-a resimire'' [ty] sestry Časti řeči (jako i specifičnjejše definicije za něktora slova) se izvode iz glagol postavljanjem [[cirkumfleks|cirkumfleksa]] iznad jedne od sylab v pisanju, i izgovaranjem te sylaby s [[Glossary of music terminology#R|rinforzando]] (iznenadny naglasak ili [[Dynamics (music)#Gradual changes|crescendo]]). S naglaskom postavljenim na prvu sylabu, slovo postaje imenica. V četyri-sylabnyh slovah, naglašavanje druge sylaby stvara imenicu činitelja. [[Penult]]imna sylaba stvara prěvjesnik, a poslednja stvara prislov.{{r|lmu1866|p=25.XI}} Na pr., :''midofa'' preferovati, ''mîdofa'' preferencija, ''midôfa'' preferabilny, ''midofâ'' preferabilno :''resolmila'' nastaviti, ''rêsolmila'' nastavjenje, ''resôlmila'' jedny ktory nastavlja, ''resolmîla'' staly, ''resolmilâ'' stalno Na kompjuteryh koristajući rasporede klavijatur bez cirkumfleksa, sylaba może być napisana velikimi bukvami, ili [[caret]] postavljen medźu bukvy sylaby ili poslě sylaby. Zbog gramatike i slovoreda Solresola, razlikovanje častij řeči občno nije potrebno za razuměnje rečenice. Razne [[tense–aspect–mood|vremensko-načinske]] čestice su dvojne sylaby, kako je dato u slovniku iznad. Dodatno, po Gajewskom, pasivne glagoly se tvore s ''faremi'' medźu tom česticom i glagolom. Subjunktiv se tvori s ''mire'' pred zaimennikom. Negacija ''do'' se pojavljuje samo jednom v klauzi, pred slovom koje negira. Slovo ''fasi'' pred imenicom ili prěvjesnikom je [[augmentativ|augmentativno]]; poslě njega je [[Degrees of comparison of adjectives and adverbs|superlativ]]. ''Sifa'' je suprotnost ([[diminutiv|diminutivno]]):{{r|lmu1866|p=21.III}} :''fala'' dobro, ''fasi fala'' velmi dobro, ''fala fasi'' odlično, najbolje; ''sifa fala'' dobro (ali ne odlično), ''fala sifa'' ne velmi dobro (i slično s ''lafa'' zlo) :''sisire'' vjetar, ''fasi sisire'' oluja, ''sisire fasi'' ciklon; ''sifa sisire'' povjetarac, ''sisire sifa'' kretanje vazduha Pitanja Pitanja v Solresolu ne dobijaju mnogo pažnje u originalnoj dokumentaciji, niti imaju mnogo priměrov. Sudreova publikacija uključuje tri priměra upitnyh rečenic:{{r|lmu1866|p=127}} :Je vaše zdravlje dobro? – Redofafa? :Hoćete li ići na selo ove godine? – Fadoremi? :Hoćete li ići u pozorište večeras? – Soldoremi? Da bi se to stvorilo kao potvrdna izjava, dodaje se osobny zaimennik poslě: :Moje zdravlje je dobro. – Redofafa dore. :Ići ću na selo ove godine. – Fadoremi dore. :Ići ću u pozorište večeras. – Soldoremi dore. Gajewski umesto toga postavlja subjekt rečenice poslě glagola umesto pred glagolom, konstrukcija občna v evropskih jezycich. Nektery priměry su:{{R|grammar_eng|p=Interrogation and Negation}} :Jesam li? – Faremi dore? :Razumije li on? – Falafa dofa? :Učite li? – Sidosi domi? V vsih verzijah jezyka, postoje slova četyri sylaby duga, ponovljena "Mi" sekcija slovnika koja uključuje neka občna pitanja, taki jako:{{r|lmu1866|p=109.123}} :Miladodo? – Do kogo stepena/mjere? :Milarere? – Dobro? :Misirere? – Kto je to? ==Solresol pismo== [[File:Solresol symbols.svg|thumb|Symboly Solresola]] Pismo koristano v Solresolu sastoji se od sedmih unikatnyh symbolov, vsaky predstavljajući jednu od sedmih "not". Na pr., "[[C (muzikalna nota)|Do]]" je krug, a "[[G (muzikalna nota)|Sol]]" je horizontalna linija. Slova Solresola se tvore povezivanjem symbolov v poredu kako se pojavljuju v slovu. Dvojne note se predstavljaju križanjem symbola. [[File:Solresol words.svg|thumb|Nekta osnovna slova Solresola]] Druge karakteristike Nepristrasny i relativno prosty Integrovane sistemy ([[znakovny jezyk|znakovny jezyk]], barvy, itd.) za većinu [[invaliditet|ometenj]], odmah operativne bez posebnogo učenja Brzo uspěšno učenje za nepismene (samo sedm sylab ili znakov ili deset bukv za znati i prepoznati) Vrlo prosty ali efektivny sistem za razlikovanje funkcij slov v rečenicah Koristajući [[tonic sol-fa]] sistem od [[John Curwen|Johna Curwena]], Solresol może też być [[znakovny jezyk|znakovano]]. Daljnji razvoj Drugi način koristania Solresola se naziva ''ses'', razvijen od [[C. George Boeree|C. Georgea Boereea]].<ref name="loan_words">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|title=Using loan words in Solresol|url=https://www.tumblr.com/sidosi/181390815161/using-loan-words-in-solresol|website=Tumblr|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251128152044if_/https://www.tumblr.com/sidosi/181390815161/using-loan-words-in-solresol|archive-date=2025-11-28|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Koristajući to, note dobijaju reprezentativne konsonante i vokale (ili diftongy). Najprostša slova koriste samo vokalu, dok vsa druga koriste složenjejšu strukturu sylab. do ⇒ p / o re ⇒ k / e mi ⇒ m / i fa ⇒ f / a sol ⇒ s / u la ⇒ l / au ti ⇒ t / ai Na ovaj način, można pisati ili izgovarati slova taki jako to: : sol-sol-re-do ⇒ suko (cvcv) – migrena Zato što se množina i ženske forme slov u Solresolu označavaju naglaskom ili dužinom glasov, ses koristi ''pau'' (nektory) ili ''fai'' (mnogo) za označavanje množiny, i ''mu'' (dobro) za označavanje ženskogo roda kogda je potrebno. == Kodiranje == Zahtev za [[ISO 639-3]] jezykovy kod, privremeno predloženy jako {{Code|sud}}, był upućen [[SIL Global|SIL-u]] 28 avgusta 2017,<ref name="sil_change">{{Cite web|author=SIL International|author-link=SIL Global|date=2017-08-28|title=ISO 639-3 Registration Authority Request for Change No. 2017-032|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032.pdf|website=ISO 639-3|publication-place=[[Dallas]]|format=PDF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605171450if_/https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032.pdf|archive-date=2019-06-05|archive-format=PDF|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="sil_new">{{Cite web|author=SIL International|author-link=SIL Global|date=2017-08-28|title=Request for New Language Code Element in ISO 639-3: [sud]|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032_sud.pdf|website=ISO 639-3|publication-place=[[Dallas]]|format=PDF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605171450if_/https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032_sud.pdf|archive-date=2019-06-05|archive-format=PDF|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="sidosi_request">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|date=2017-07-28|title=The Road to ISO 639-3|url=https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=310|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230829154231if_/https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=310|archive-date=2023-08-29|access-date=2018-10-22|df=mdy-all}}</ref> ale był odrinuły 23 janvara 2018.<ref name="sil_rejection">{{Cite web|author=SIL International|author-link=SIL Global|date=2018-01-23|title=Comments received for ISO 639-3 Change Request 2017-032|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/CR_Comments_2017-032.pdf|website=ISO 639-3|publication-place=[[Dallas]]|format=PDF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605171452if_/https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/CR_Comments_2017-032.pdf|archive-date=2019-06-05|archive-format=PDF|page=2|access-date=2019-09-27|df=mdy-all|quote=Zahtev za stvorenje koda [sud] za Solresol je odrinuły.}}</ref><ref name="sidosi_rejection">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|date=2018-02-01|title=Beyond ISO 639-3 (for now)|url=https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=350|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230829153926if_/https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=350|archive-date=2023-08-29|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Solresol je dobil kody {{Code|qso}} i {{Code|art-x-solresol}} v [[Codes for constructed languages|ConLang Code Registry]].<ref name="clcr">{{Cite web|last=Bettencourt|first=Rebecca G.|date=2015-01-08|title=ConLang Code Registry|url=https://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/|website=Kreative Korporation|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221127152005if_/http://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/|archive-date=2022-11-27|access-date=2021-04-06|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Sedm osnovnyh symbolov bylo predloženo za registraciju v [[ConScript Unicode Registry]].<ref name="csur">{{Cite web|last=Everson|first=Michael|author-link=Michael Everson|date=1997-01-21|title=Solresol: U+E770–U+E77F|url=https://www.evertype.com/standards/csur/solresol.html|website=ConScript Unicode Registry|publisher=Evertype|publication-place=[[Lecanvey]], [[Ireland]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417191120if_/https://www.evertype.com/standards/csur/solresol.html|archive-date=2021-04-17|access-date=2021-04-06|df=mdy-all}}</ref> == Priměrne teksty == ; Članok 1 ''[[Universalna deklaracija prav člověka|Universalnoj deklaracija prav člověka]]'' na medžuslovjanskom : ''Vsi ljudi rodet se svobodnymi i ravnymi v svojem dostojenstvu i pravah. Oni sut obdarjene razumom i svědomjem i muset postupati v odnošenju jedin k drugomu v duhu bratstva.'' ; Prěvod na Solresol : Siré misolredo faremi doredore domisimi re misóla, solfalafá dósila re réfasi. Dófa faremi remila fare dômilafa re dôfasifa, re fafa fasolfa midolǎ fare dômisola lasi sîmisila. ; Predstavjeno koristajuči ''ses'' Solresol : Sé muro fem pepe omúm e múl, salá ósau e éfai. Óf fem ril fe ômauf e ôfaif, e fa fuf ipǎu fe ômul lai âimail. == Gledite takože == * [[muzikalny jezyk]] * [[solfedžio]] * [[Tonic sol-fa]] * [[Voyage to Faremido]] * [[Ro jezyk]] ==Iztočniky== {{Iztočniky}} == Čitati dalje == * {{Cite book|last=Sudre|first=François|year=1866|title=Langue Musicale Universelle|url=http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/ladosol.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070831060525if_/http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/ladosol.html|archive-date=2007-08-31|publication-place=Paris|language=fr}} – HTML verzija celogo teksta Sudreovogo toma iz 1866, s originalnym [https://web.archive.org/web/20070831061613if_/http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/lrls_sosfs.html slovnikom] i [https://web.archive.org/web/20080310234035/http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/solrelaF.html frazeologijom] (v francozskom). * {{Cite book|last1=Couturat|first1=Louis|last2=Leau|first2=Léopold|year=1903|title=Histoire de la Langue Universelle|url=https://archive.org/details/histoiredelalang00coutuoft|publisher=Librairie Hachette|publication-place=[[Paris]]|language=fr|access-date=2025-11-28|df=mdy-all}} * {{Cite book|last=Eco|first=Umberto|author-link=Umberto Eco|date=1997-04-08|title=The Search for the Perfect Language|url=https://archive.org/details/searchforperfect00ecou|publisher=[[Wiley-Blackwell]]|publication-place=[[Cambridge, Massachusetts|Cambridge, Mass.]]|edition=1|series=The Making of Europe|isbn=978-0-631-20510-4|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}} ==Vněšnje linky== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20191115021254if_/https://www.omniglot.com/writing/solresol.htm Solresol jezyk i stenografično pismo] na Omniglot, online enciklopediji sistemov pisanja i jezykov * Anglijsko-Solresol slovniky od [https://web.archive.org/web/20250121193252if_/http://www.datapacrat.com/True/LANG/SOLRESOL/DICTIONA.HTM Jasona Hutchensa] (6 julija 1998) i [https://web.archive.org/web/20100923132246if_/http://www.ifost.org.au/~gregb/solresol/sorsolex.htm Stephena L. Ricea] (19 novembra 1997) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20231130083816if_/http://sharyphil.com/root/solresol-the-project/ SolReSol: Projekt v0.95] od Phila Sharyja, open source Solresol–anglijsky i anglijsky–Solresol překladateľsky program za Windows (32- i 64-bitny) s live MIDI podporom (24 februara 2015) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20250818235352if_/https://wiki.xxiivv.com/site/solresol.html Moderny Simetričny Solresol] od Davida Mondou-Labbého (28 septembra 2023) * [https://eliseduv.dev/solresol/ Překladač Anglijsky↔Solresol] {{Umětne jezyky}} [[Kategorija:1827 introdukcije]] [[Kategorija:Analitične jezyky]] [[Kategorija:Konstruovane jezyky]] [[Kategorija:Medžunarodne pomočne jezyky]] [[Kategorija:jezyky potvrđene od 1820-tyh]] [[Kategorija:muzikalne jezyky]] k188fn0ofveyn2fkra18d0kascc85cb 45633 45632 2026-08-13T09:00:56Z Ilja isv 10 /* Solresol pismo */ 45633 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kartka jezyk | name = Solresol | nativename = <center>''[[solfedžio]]'': Sol-Re-Sol</center> | image = Solresol-langage.svg | created = 1827 | creator = [[François Sudre|{{-|François Sudre|Франсуа Судр}}]] | fam1 = [[umětne jezyky]] | fam2 = [[Pomočny jezyk]], [[Umětne jezyky#A priori|a priori]] | fam3 = [[muzikalny jezyk]] | posteriori = [[Umětne jezyky#A priori|a priori]] | script = pismo Solresol ; [[solfedžio]]; [[noty]]; [[barvy spektra]] | sign = Podpisana notacija; [[tonic sol-fa]] znaky od [[John Curwen]] | iso3 = qso | iso3comment = [https://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/ (lokalno koristane)] | glotto = none | ietf = [https://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/ art-x-solresol] }} '''Solresol''' ([[solfedžio]]: [[G (muzikalna nota)|Sol]]-[[D (muzikalna nota)|Re]]-[[G (muzikalna nota)|Sol]]), prvonačelno nazyvany {{Lang|fr|Langue universelle}} (bukv. 'Universalny jezyk') a potom {{Lang|fr|Langue musicale universelle}} ('Universalny muzikalny jezyk'), je [[muzikalny jezyk|muzikalny]] [[umětny jezyk]] stvorjeny od francozskogo učiteľa musiky i kompozitora [[François Sudre|Jean-Françoisa Sudrea]] (1787–1862), počinajući v 1817. Njegova kniga definujuća to, {{Lang|fr|Langue Musicale Universelle}}, była publikovana posmrtno v 1866,<ref name="lmu1866">{{Cite book|last=Sudre|first=François|year=1866|title=Langue Musicale Universelle|url=https://www.ifost.org.au/~gregb/solresol/sudre-book.pdf|format=PDF|url-status=live|publication-place=[[Paris]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320142510if_/http://www.ifost.org.au/~gregb/solresol/sudre-book.pdf|archive-date=2012-03-20|archive-format=PDF|language=fr|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> iako je on već několik godin publiciral to. Solresol doživil kratky čas popularnosti v drugej polovici 19. stolěća i był sponzorovan od takyh osob jako [[Victor Hugo]], [[Alphonse de Lamartine]], [[Alexander von Humboldt]] i [[Napoleon III]],<ref name="pei">{{Cite book|last=Pei|first=Mario|author-link=Mario Pei|year=1969|title=Wanted: A World Language|type=Pamphlet|series=Public Affairs|volume=434|pages=11–12|publisher=Public Affairs Committee|publication-place=[[New York City]]|url=http://www.autodidactproject.org/other/pei_worldlg.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180125230417if_/http://www.autodidactproject.org/other/pei_worldlg.html|archive-date=2018-01-25|access-date=2025-11-28|df=mdy-all}}</ref> kulminujući s publikacijom [[Boleslas Gajewski|Boleslasa Gajewskogo]] {{Lang|fr|Grammaire du Solresol}} v 1902. Dnes, postoje male komunity entuzijastov Solresola rozsypane po cělem světě.<ref name="sidosi">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|title=Sidosi Home|url=https://www.sidosi.org/|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004090845if_/https://www.sidosi.org/|archive-date=2023-10-04|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> == Evolucija == Postoji několik verzij Solresola, každá s malymi razlikami. Tri glavne varijacije ktore su ješte v oběgu—Sudre, Gajewski i "Modern"—razlikuju se pretežno v različnyh elementah slovnika, a složaju se pretežno o gramatike. Sudre je stvoril jezyk, i tako njegova verzija zaslužuje nazv byti originalnom verzijom Solresola. Vincent Gajewski, parizsky profesor, popularizoval jezyk jako predsednik Centralnogo Komiteta za Studium i Napredovanje Solresola, ktory był osnovan v 1869 od Sudreove udovy, Joséphine, da bi dalje promoviral njegovo dělo. Boleslas Gajewski, Vincentov syn i sam profesor, formalizoval gramatiku i napisal definitivno dělo o jezyka: {{Language with name/for|fr|Grammaire du Solrésol|Gramatika Solresola}}.<ref name="grammar_eng">{{Cite web|last1=Gajewski|first1=Boleslas|last2=Rice|first2=Stephen L.|date=1997-11-19|orig-date=printed 1902 as {{Lang|fr|Grammaire du Solrésol}}, translated 1997|title=Grammar of Solresol, or the Universal Language of François Sudre|url=http://www.ptialaska.net/~srice/solresol/sorsoeng.htm|website=Stephen L. Rice: The Solresol Page|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070413035441if_/http://www.ptialaska.net/~srice/solresol/sorsoeng.htm|archive-date=2007-04-13|access-date=2019-09-29|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="grammar_pdf">{{Cite web|last=Gajewski|first=Boleslas|editor-last1=Rice|editor-first1=Stephen L.|editor-last2=Bigham|editor-first2=Doug|year=2005|orig-date=printed 1902 as {{Lang|fr|Grammaire du Solrésol}}, translated 1997 (Rice), revised 2005 (Bigham)|title=Grammar of Solresol, or the Universal Language of François Sudre|url=https://i.sidosi.org/resources/grammar-of-solresol-bigham/grammar-of-solresol-bigham.pdf|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217001045if_/https://i.sidosi.org/resources/grammar-of-solresol-bigham/grammar-of-solresol-bigham.pdf|archive-date=2019-12-17|access-date=2019-12-16|df=mdy-all}}</ref> To je najviše publicirana verzija Solresola, zahvaljujući překladu na anglijsky od Stephena L. Ricea iz 1997,{{R|grammar_pdf}}{{R|grammar_eng}} s znatnom količinom slovnika izměnjenogo od originala, kao i něktore gramatike. Jedny priměr je slovo ''fasol'', definovano kao "tutaj" v Sudreovom slovniku, ale "začto?" v Gajewskom. Tretja je neoficijalna verzija razvijana vremenom od komunity, nazvana "Moderny Solresol". Ona koristi Sudreovu verziju kao bazu, s prilagodbami gramatike i slovnika, takimi jako izměna definicij ''sisol'' i ''sila'' od značenja "Gospodin" i "Mlady muž" na sistem [[honorifik|honorifikov]] inspiriran onym koristanym v japonščině; oba su rodno-neutralne titule, jedna za byti poštivy, a druga za byti ljubazny.<ref name="Modern Solresol Dictionary">{{Cite web|last1=Osteen|first1=Garrison|last2=Walters|first2=Scott|last3=Parson|first3=Daniel|last4=Fernandez|first4=Tobias|date=2018-03-12|title=Solresol Dictionary Modernised|url=https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/182okssrHseIggjHGlzWyFH81-o8y8EsvQtJfPJYu6r8/edit|format=XLSX|website=Google Sheets|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250829164017if_/https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/182okssrHseIggjHGlzWyFH81-o8y8EsvQtJfPJYu6r8/edit|archive-date=2025-08-29|archive-format=XLSX|access-date=2019-12-22|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Gajewskogo publikacija donesla razne dodatky ktore ne konfliktu s originalnom verzijom jezyka, taki jako razne nove metody komunikacije,{{R|grammar_pdf|p=16}} vključujući: skup symbolov koristane sedmih barv duhy, i koristane [[tonic sol-fa]] za signiranje jezyka ==Fonologija== [[File:Solresol.svg|thumb|right|Sedm konvencionalnyh not, barv, sylab, čisel i glifov koristanyh za prenos fonemov Solresola]] Solresol może być komunikovany koristajući sedm različnyh predmetov, s maksimumom pet na slovo. Statistički, ty kombinacije daju sedm jedno-sylabnyh slov, 49 dvuh-sylabnyh, 336 tri-sylabnyh, 2.268 četyr-sylabnyh i 9.072 pet-sylabnyh, za ukupno 11.732 mogućih primarnyh slov.<ref name="pei" /> Glavna metoda komunikacije je koristane sedmih [[solfedžio]] sylab (forma [[solmizacija|solmizacije]]), ktore mogu byti akcentovane, prodloužene ili ponovljene. Najprostši način koristati ty sylaby je govoriti ih jako by one byly regularne [[sylaba|sylaby]]. Zbog togo že predchádza [[Medžunarodny fonetičny alfabet|IPA]], ne postoje posebna pravila izgovora izvan standardnyh čitanj solfège. Zbog togo že vsaka sylaba je dovoljno odlična, mogu byti izgovorjene skoro vsakym načinom ktory čytateľ preferuje.{{CitationNeeded|date=July 2025}} Sudre je izložil način transkripcije fonetiky francozskogo (i tako mnogih drugih jezykov) do Solresola, primarno koristany za vlastne imenice.{{r|lmu1866|p=32}} Koristajući občne izgovory kako su dane od strane [[Wiktionary|Vikislovnika]], je moguće rekonstruovati tabulu glasov koristajući modernu IPA. Zbog malog broja sylab, je potrebno ostaviti kratku pauzu medźu slovami tako da vsako slovo ostane jasno odvojeno. Kako je primetil Boleslas Gajewski: "člověk bi měl věnovati veliku pozornost pauzi po vsakom slovu; ta mala pauza je potrebna za odvajanje slov, tako da slušatelj ne bude zbunjen".{{R|grammar_eng|p=Reversed meanings}} ===Slovnik=== V Solresol [[morfologija (lingvistika)|morfologiji]], vsako slovo je poděleno na kategorije ili značenja ili funkcije, gdźe duža slova su občno specifičnjejša. Slova se razlikuju po treh glavnyh karakteristikah: početnoj sylabě, dužině slova, i tomu da li ima par ponovljenih sylab. Slova koja su jedna i dve sylaby duge su koristana za [[Zaimennik|zaimenniky]] i občne [[Gramatična čestica|čestice]], a ty s ponovljenimi sylabami su [[Gramatično vreme|vremena]]. Slova koja su jednu sylabu duga su posvećena slovima ktora su često koristana (v času stvorenja Solresola). Ty ktore uključuju ponavljajuće sylaby su rezervovane za "čisla, měsece goda, dni neděle i temperatury [pogodne uslove]", na pr. redodo "jedny", remimi "dva" (po Gajewskom). Slova koja su četyri sylaby duga spadaju v razne tematske kategorije. Na pr., slova počinjuća s 'sol', koja ne uključuju ponovljene sylaby, imaju značenja vezana za umetnosti ili nauky (na pr. soldoredo, "umetnost"; solmiredo, "akustika").{{r|lmu1866|p=22.V}} Však, ako slova koja su četyri sylaby duga imaju par ponovljenih sylab, njihova značenja se odnose na bolesti ili medicinu (na pr. solsolredo, "migrena"; solreresol, "ospice").{{r|lmu1866|p=23.VI}} Točnjejše, klase bez ponovljenih sylab su: ''do'': člověk, njegovo tělo i duh, intelektualne sposobnosti, kvalitete i hrana; ''re'': odeća, dom, domaćinstvo i porodica; ''mi'': činjenja človeka i njegove mane; ''fa'': selo, putovanja, vojna, more; ''sol'': lepe umetnosti i nauky; ''la'': industrija i trgovina; ''si'': město, vlada i administracija. S ponovljenimi sylabami, iste sylaby daju: ''do'': religija; ''re'': konstrukcija i razne obrti; ''mi'': predlogi, prislovne fraze i izolovane prislovy; ''fa'': bolesti; ''sol'': bolesti (nast.); ''la'': industrija i trgovina (jako u tipu bez ponavljanja); ''si'': pravda, magistratura i sudovi. Konačno, kombinacije pet sylab označavaju životinje, rośliny i minerale. Po defaultu, vse žive imenice i zaimenniky podrazuměvaju da su mužskogo roda. Za razlikovanje ženskogo roda, bar, [[pomišljaj|pomišljaj]] ili [[makron (diakritika)|makron]] se dodaje na konačnu sylabu odgovarajućeg člena ili samogo slova. V govoru, to se označava ponavljanjem vokala sylaby, s [[glotalna stop|glotalnom stopom]] koja odvaja ponovljenu vokalu od ostatka slova.{{r|lmu1866|p=24}} Však, v modernyh překladah, zaimenniky se ne měnje v zavisnosti od [[Gramatičny rod|roda]]. Umesto toga, oni se prosto prevode na anglijsky kao neutralne zaimenniky; it i they. Jedna unikatna karakteristika Solresola je da značenja mogu byti obrnuta obrtanjem sylab v slovah. Na pr. ''fala'' znači dobro ili ukusno, a ''lafa'' znači zlo. Prekidi v logičkom poredu slov v vsakoj kategoriji su občno uzrokovani tymi obrtivymi slovami.{{r|lmu1866|p=31.XXI}} {| style="background: transparent; border: hidden;" | style="padding: 0 2em;" | {| class="wikitable" | [[File:Solresol - misol.jpg|x88px]] | [[File:Solresol - solmi.jpg|x88px]] |- | style="text-align: center;" | '''misol''': "dobro" | style="text-align: center;" | '''solmi''': "zlo" |} | style="padding-left: 2em;" | {| class="wikitable" | [[File:Solresol - domisol.jpg|x88px]] | [[File:Solresol - solmido.jpg|x88px]] |- | style="text-align: center;" | '''domisol''': "[[Bog]]" | style="text-align: center;" | '''solmido''': "[[Djavol]]" |} |} Však, ne vsa slova su obrtiva v tom smyslu, taki jako ''dorefare'' znači vrat, a ''refaredo'' znači garderoba, ktore očigledno nisu suprotnosti. Slědujuća tabula pokazuje slova do dvuh sylab iz Gajewskogo slovnika: {| class="wikitable" ! {{Diagonal split header|style=height: 3em; width: 7em|1. syl.|2. syl.}} ! ''Nijedna'' ! style="background-color: #f69;" | -do ! style="background-color: #f96;" | -re ! style="background-color: #ff9;" | -mi ! style="background-color: #9f6;" | -fa ! style="background-color: #9ff;" | -sol ! style="background-color: #96f;" | -la ! style="background-color: #f9f;" | -si/-ti |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #f69;" | Do- | style="background-color: #f69;" | ne, ni, niti | style="background-color: #f69;" | (prošlo) | ja, mene || ty [sg] || on || se, sebe || jedny, někto || drugy |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #f96;" | Re- | style="background-color: #f96;" | i, tak jako | moj, moje | style="background-color: #f96;" | (pluperfekt) | tvoj, tvoje [sg] || njegov || naš, naše || vaš, vaše [pl] || njihov |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #ff9;" | Mi- | style="background-color: #ff9;" | ili, ili čak | za, da bi/da || ktory, koja (odnos. zaim.), že (veznik) | style="background-color: #ff9;" | (buduće) | čij, čija || dobro (prisl.) || tutaj je/tu je, gle || dobar večer/noć |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #9f6;" | Fa- | style="background-color: #9f6;" | k, ka | što? || s, sa, zajedno || ovaj, ova, ovo | style="background-color: #9f6;" | (kond.) | začto, iz kog razloga || dobro, ukusno, slasno || mnogo, velmi, krajno |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #9ff;" | Sol- | style="background-color: #9ff;" | ako | ale || v, unutra || zlo, loše (prisl.) || zato, jer | style="background-color: #9ff;" | (imperativ) | věčno, vsegda, bez konca || hvala, hvaly |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #96f;" | <span style="color: #000;">La-</span> | style="background-color: #96f;" | <span style="color: #000;">ty (člen)</span> | ničto, nikto, nijedny || od, po || tutaj, tam || zlo, loše || nikogda, nikad | style="background-color: #96f;" | <span style="color: #000;">(prezentni participij)</span> || od, iz |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #f9f;"| Si-/Ti- | style="background-color: #f9f;" | da, dobro, rado, složeno | isto (stvar) | vsaky, každy | dobro jutro/popoldne | malo, jedva |gospodin, pan |mlady muž, neženja | style="background-color: #f9f;" | <span style="color: #000;">(pasivny participij)</span> |} Određeny člen ima razne forme za [[Nominativ|nominativny]], [[Genitiv|genitivny]] i [[Dativ|dativny]] padež, ili, v anglijskom, za "the", "to the" i "of the": 'la', 'fa' i 'lasi', po redu.{{r|lmu1866|p=23-24.VII-VIII}} ==Gramatika== Osim naglaska i dužiny, slova Solresola se ne inflektuju. Da bi rečenice ostale jasne, posebno s mogućnošću gubitka informacij pri komunikaciji, odredjene časti řeči sleduju strog slovored. :Prěvjesniki vsegda sleduju imenicu ktoru određuju. :Nepremni objekty vsegda dolaze poslě glagola.{{r|lmu1866|p=26.XII}} :Priměry dane v originalnoj dokumentaciji ukazuju na [[subjekt–glagol–objekt slovored|slovored subjekt–glagol–objekt]],{{R|lmu1866|p=29.XVII}} však, to ne bi mělo imati značenje dok rečenica ostaje prosta i jasna. :Vremena vsegda prethode glagolom.{{r|lmu1866|p=30.XIX}} Da bi se slovo stvorilo u množini, [[akút|akútny naglasak]] se dodaje iznad poslednje sylaby, ktory se v govoru izgovara produženjem poslednje bukvy te sylaby.{{r|lmu1866|p=24.IX}} Priměry kako označiti množinu mužskih i ženskih slov: :''resimire'' brat, ''resimirē/resimire-e'' sestra :''resimiré'' bracia, ''resimiréē/resimiré-e'' sestry To utiče samo na prvo slovo v [[imenična fraza|imeničnoj frazi]]. To jest, utiče samo na imenicu kada je imenica sama, jako iznad. Ako je slovo popraćeno gramatičkom česticom (la, fa ili lasi), čestica će nositi oznaku roda i/ili broja umesto toga: :''la resimire'' [ty] brat, ''lā/la-a resimire'' [ta] sestra :''lá resimire'' [ty] bracia, ''láā/lá-a resimire'' [ty] sestry Časti řeči (jako i specifičnjejše definicije za něktora slova) se izvode iz glagol postavljanjem [[cirkumfleks|cirkumfleksa]] iznad jedne od sylab v pisanju, i izgovaranjem te sylaby s [[Glossary of music terminology#R|rinforzando]] (iznenadny naglasak ili [[Dynamics (music)#Gradual changes|crescendo]]). S naglaskom postavljenim na prvu sylabu, slovo postaje imenica. V četyri-sylabnyh slovah, naglašavanje druge sylaby stvara imenicu činitelja. [[Penult]]imna sylaba stvara prěvjesnik, a poslednja stvara prislov.{{r|lmu1866|p=25.XI}} Na pr., :''midofa'' preferovati, ''mîdofa'' preferencija, ''midôfa'' preferabilny, ''midofâ'' preferabilno :''resolmila'' nastaviti, ''rêsolmila'' nastavjenje, ''resôlmila'' jedny ktory nastavlja, ''resolmîla'' staly, ''resolmilâ'' stalno Na kompjuteryh koristajući rasporede klavijatur bez cirkumfleksa, sylaba może być napisana velikimi bukvami, ili [[caret]] postavljen medźu bukvy sylaby ili poslě sylaby. Zbog gramatike i slovoreda Solresola, razlikovanje častij řeči občno nije potrebno za razuměnje rečenice. Razne [[tense–aspect–mood|vremensko-načinske]] čestice su dvojne sylaby, kako je dato u slovniku iznad. Dodatno, po Gajewskom, pasivne glagoly se tvore s ''faremi'' medźu tom česticom i glagolom. Subjunktiv se tvori s ''mire'' pred zaimennikom. Negacija ''do'' se pojavljuje samo jednom v klauzi, pred slovom koje negira. Slovo ''fasi'' pred imenicom ili prěvjesnikom je [[augmentativ|augmentativno]]; poslě njega je [[Degrees of comparison of adjectives and adverbs|superlativ]]. ''Sifa'' je suprotnost ([[diminutiv|diminutivno]]):{{r|lmu1866|p=21.III}} :''fala'' dobro, ''fasi fala'' velmi dobro, ''fala fasi'' odlično, najbolje; ''sifa fala'' dobro (ali ne odlično), ''fala sifa'' ne velmi dobro (i slično s ''lafa'' zlo) :''sisire'' vjetar, ''fasi sisire'' oluja, ''sisire fasi'' ciklon; ''sifa sisire'' povjetarac, ''sisire sifa'' kretanje vazduha Pitanja Pitanja v Solresolu ne dobijaju mnogo pažnje u originalnoj dokumentaciji, niti imaju mnogo priměrov. Sudreova publikacija uključuje tri priměra upitnyh rečenic:{{r|lmu1866|p=127}} :Je vaše zdravlje dobro? – Redofafa? :Hoćete li ići na selo ove godine? – Fadoremi? :Hoćete li ići u pozorište večeras? – Soldoremi? Da bi se to stvorilo kao potvrdna izjava, dodaje se osobny zaimennik poslě: :Moje zdravlje je dobro. – Redofafa dore. :Ići ću na selo ove godine. – Fadoremi dore. :Ići ću u pozorište večeras. – Soldoremi dore. Gajewski umesto toga postavlja subjekt rečenice poslě glagola umesto pred glagolom, konstrukcija občna v evropskih jezycich. Nektery priměry su:{{R|grammar_eng|p=Interrogation and Negation}} :Jesam li? – Faremi dore? :Razumije li on? – Falafa dofa? :Učite li? – Sidosi domi? V vsih verzijah jezyka, postoje slova četyri sylaby duga, ponovljena "Mi" sekcija slovnika koja uključuje neka občna pitanja, taki jako:{{r|lmu1866|p=109.123}} :Miladodo? – Do kogo stepena/mjere? :Milarere? – Dobro? :Misirere? – Kto je to? ==Pismo Solresol== [[File:Solresol symbols.svg|thumb|Simboly Solresola]] Pismo koristano v Solresolu sastoji se od sedmih unikatnyh symbolov, vsaky predstavljajući jednu od sedmih "not". Na pr., "[[C (muzikalna nota)|Do]]" je krug, a "[[G (muzikalna nota)|Sol]]" je horizontalna linija. Slova Solresola se tvore povezivanjem symbolov v poredu kako se pojavljuju v slovu. Dvojne note se predstavljaju križanjem symbola. [[File:Solresol words.svg|thumb|Něktore osnovne slova Solresola]] Druge karakteristike Nepristrasny i relativno prosty Integrovane sistemy ([[znakovny jezyk|znakovny jezyk]], barvy, itd.) za većinu [[invaliditet|ometenj]], odmah operativne bez posebnogo učenja Brzo uspěšno učenje za nepismene (samo sedm sylab ili znakov ili deset bukv za znati i prepoznati) Vrlo prosty ali efektivny sistem za razlikovanje funkcij slov v rečenicah Koristajući [[tonic sol-fa]] sistem od [[John Curwen|Johna Curwena]], Solresol może też być [[znakovny jezyk|znakovano]]. Daljnji razvoj Drugi način koristania Solresola se naziva ''ses'', razvijen od [[C. George Boeree|C. Georgea Boereea]].<ref name="loan_words">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|title=Using loan words in Solresol|url=https://www.tumblr.com/sidosi/181390815161/using-loan-words-in-solresol|website=Tumblr|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251128152044if_/https://www.tumblr.com/sidosi/181390815161/using-loan-words-in-solresol|archive-date=2025-11-28|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Koristajući to, note dobijaju reprezentativne konsonante i vokale (ili diftongy). Najprostša slova koriste samo vokalu, dok vsa druga koriste složenjejšu strukturu sylab. do ⇒ p / o re ⇒ k / e mi ⇒ m / i fa ⇒ f / a sol ⇒ s / u la ⇒ l / au ti ⇒ t / ai Na ovaj način, można pisati ili izgovarati slova taki jako to: : sol-sol-re-do ⇒ suko (cvcv) – migrena Zato što se množina i ženske forme slov u Solresolu označavaju naglaskom ili dužinom glasov, ses koristi ''pau'' (nektory) ili ''fai'' (mnogo) za označavanje množiny, i ''mu'' (dobro) za označavanje ženskogo roda kogda je potrebno. == Kodiranje == Zahtev za [[ISO 639-3]] jezykovy kod, privremeno predloženy jako {{Code|sud}}, był upućen [[SIL Global|SIL-u]] 28 avgusta 2017,<ref name="sil_change">{{Cite web|author=SIL International|author-link=SIL Global|date=2017-08-28|title=ISO 639-3 Registration Authority Request for Change No. 2017-032|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032.pdf|website=ISO 639-3|publication-place=[[Dallas]]|format=PDF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605171450if_/https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032.pdf|archive-date=2019-06-05|archive-format=PDF|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="sil_new">{{Cite web|author=SIL International|author-link=SIL Global|date=2017-08-28|title=Request for New Language Code Element in ISO 639-3: [sud]|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032_sud.pdf|website=ISO 639-3|publication-place=[[Dallas]]|format=PDF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605171450if_/https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032_sud.pdf|archive-date=2019-06-05|archive-format=PDF|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="sidosi_request">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|date=2017-07-28|title=The Road to ISO 639-3|url=https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=310|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230829154231if_/https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=310|archive-date=2023-08-29|access-date=2018-10-22|df=mdy-all}}</ref> ale był odrinuły 23 janvara 2018.<ref name="sil_rejection">{{Cite web|author=SIL International|author-link=SIL Global|date=2018-01-23|title=Comments received for ISO 639-3 Change Request 2017-032|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/CR_Comments_2017-032.pdf|website=ISO 639-3|publication-place=[[Dallas]]|format=PDF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605171452if_/https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/CR_Comments_2017-032.pdf|archive-date=2019-06-05|archive-format=PDF|page=2|access-date=2019-09-27|df=mdy-all|quote=Zahtev za stvorenje koda [sud] za Solresol je odrinuły.}}</ref><ref name="sidosi_rejection">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|date=2018-02-01|title=Beyond ISO 639-3 (for now)|url=https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=350|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230829153926if_/https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=350|archive-date=2023-08-29|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Solresol je dobil kody {{Code|qso}} i {{Code|art-x-solresol}} v [[Codes for constructed languages|ConLang Code Registry]].<ref name="clcr">{{Cite web|last=Bettencourt|first=Rebecca G.|date=2015-01-08|title=ConLang Code Registry|url=https://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/|website=Kreative Korporation|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221127152005if_/http://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/|archive-date=2022-11-27|access-date=2021-04-06|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Sedm osnovnyh symbolov bylo predloženo za registraciju v [[ConScript Unicode Registry]].<ref name="csur">{{Cite web|last=Everson|first=Michael|author-link=Michael Everson|date=1997-01-21|title=Solresol: U+E770–U+E77F|url=https://www.evertype.com/standards/csur/solresol.html|website=ConScript Unicode Registry|publisher=Evertype|publication-place=[[Lecanvey]], [[Ireland]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417191120if_/https://www.evertype.com/standards/csur/solresol.html|archive-date=2021-04-17|access-date=2021-04-06|df=mdy-all}}</ref> == Priměrne teksty == ; Članok 1 ''[[Universalna deklaracija prav člověka|Universalnoj deklaracija prav člověka]]'' na medžuslovjanskom : ''Vsi ljudi rodet se svobodnymi i ravnymi v svojem dostojenstvu i pravah. Oni sut obdarjene razumom i svědomjem i muset postupati v odnošenju jedin k drugomu v duhu bratstva.'' ; Prěvod na Solresol : Siré misolredo faremi doredore domisimi re misóla, solfalafá dósila re réfasi. Dófa faremi remila fare dômilafa re dôfasifa, re fafa fasolfa midolǎ fare dômisola lasi sîmisila. ; Predstavjeno koristajuči ''ses'' Solresol : Sé muro fem pepe omúm e múl, salá ósau e éfai. Óf fem ril fe ômauf e ôfaif, e fa fuf ipǎu fe ômul lai âimail. == Gledite takože == * [[muzikalny jezyk]] * [[solfedžio]] * [[Tonic sol-fa]] * [[Voyage to Faremido]] * [[Ro jezyk]] ==Iztočniky== {{Iztočniky}} == Čitati dalje == * {{Cite book|last=Sudre|first=François|year=1866|title=Langue Musicale Universelle|url=http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/ladosol.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070831060525if_/http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/ladosol.html|archive-date=2007-08-31|publication-place=Paris|language=fr}} – HTML verzija celogo teksta Sudreovogo toma iz 1866, s originalnym [https://web.archive.org/web/20070831061613if_/http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/lrls_sosfs.html slovnikom] i [https://web.archive.org/web/20080310234035/http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/solrelaF.html frazeologijom] (v francozskom). * {{Cite book|last1=Couturat|first1=Louis|last2=Leau|first2=Léopold|year=1903|title=Histoire de la Langue Universelle|url=https://archive.org/details/histoiredelalang00coutuoft|publisher=Librairie Hachette|publication-place=[[Paris]]|language=fr|access-date=2025-11-28|df=mdy-all}} * {{Cite book|last=Eco|first=Umberto|author-link=Umberto Eco|date=1997-04-08|title=The Search for the Perfect Language|url=https://archive.org/details/searchforperfect00ecou|publisher=[[Wiley-Blackwell]]|publication-place=[[Cambridge, Massachusetts|Cambridge, Mass.]]|edition=1|series=The Making of Europe|isbn=978-0-631-20510-4|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}} ==Vněšnje linky== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20191115021254if_/https://www.omniglot.com/writing/solresol.htm Solresol jezyk i stenografično pismo] na Omniglot, online enciklopediji sistemov pisanja i jezykov * Anglijsko-Solresol slovniky od [https://web.archive.org/web/20250121193252if_/http://www.datapacrat.com/True/LANG/SOLRESOL/DICTIONA.HTM Jasona Hutchensa] (6 julija 1998) i [https://web.archive.org/web/20100923132246if_/http://www.ifost.org.au/~gregb/solresol/sorsolex.htm Stephena L. Ricea] (19 novembra 1997) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20231130083816if_/http://sharyphil.com/root/solresol-the-project/ SolReSol: Projekt v0.95] od Phila Sharyja, open source Solresol–anglijsky i anglijsky–Solresol překladateľsky program za Windows (32- i 64-bitny) s live MIDI podporom (24 februara 2015) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20250818235352if_/https://wiki.xxiivv.com/site/solresol.html Moderny Simetričny Solresol] od Davida Mondou-Labbého (28 septembra 2023) * [https://eliseduv.dev/solresol/ Překladač Anglijsky↔Solresol] {{Umětne jezyky}} [[Kategorija:1827 introdukcije]] [[Kategorija:Analitične jezyky]] [[Kategorija:Konstruovane jezyky]] [[Kategorija:Medžunarodne pomočne jezyky]] [[Kategorija:jezyky potvrđene od 1820-tyh]] [[Kategorija:muzikalne jezyky]] 62tot37g38p7ufeq1jfh4ejxehfcptx 45634 45633 2026-08-13T09:15:42Z Ilja isv 10 45634 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kartka jezyk | name = Solresol | nativename = <center>''[[solfedžio]]'': Sol-Re-Sol</center> | image = Solresol-langage.svg | created = 1827 | creator = [[François Sudre|{{-|François Sudre|Франсуа Судр}}]] | fam1 = [[umětne jezyky]] | fam2 = [[Pomočny jezyk]], [[Umětne jezyky#A priori|a priori]] | fam3 = [[muzikalny jezyk]] | posteriori = [[Umětne jezyky#A priori|a priori]] | script = pismo Solresol ; [[solfedžio]]; [[noty]]; [[barvy spektra]] | sign = Podpisana notacija; [[tonic sol-fa]] znaky od [[John Curwen]] | iso3 = qso | iso3comment = [https://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/ (lokalno koristane)] | glotto = none | ietf = [https://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/ art-x-solresol] }} '''Solresol''' ([[solfedžio]]: [[G (muzikalna nota)|Sol]]-[[D (muzikalna nota)|Re]]-[[G (muzikalna nota)|Sol]]), prvonačelno nazyvany {{Lang|fr|Langue universelle}} (bukv. 'Universalny jezyk') a potom {{Lang|fr|Langue musicale universelle}} ('Universalny muzikalny jezyk'), je [[muzikalny jezyk|muzikalny]] [[umětny jezyk]] stvorjeny od francozskogo učiteľa musiky i kompozitora [[François Sudre|Jean-Françoisa Sudrea]] (1787–1862), počinajući v 1817. Njegova kniga definujuća to, {{Lang|fr|Langue Musicale Universelle}}, była publikovana posmrtno v 1866,<ref name="lmu1866">{{Cite book|last=Sudre|first=François|year=1866|title=Langue Musicale Universelle|url=https://www.ifost.org.au/~gregb/solresol/sudre-book.pdf|format=PDF|url-status=live|publication-place=[[Paris]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320142510if_/http://www.ifost.org.au/~gregb/solresol/sudre-book.pdf|archive-date=2012-03-20|archive-format=PDF|language=fr|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> iako je on već několik godin publiciral to. Solresol doživil kratky čas popularnosti v drugej polovici 19. stolěća i był sponzorovan od takyh osob jako [[Victor Hugo]], [[Alphonse de Lamartine]], [[Alexander von Humboldt]] i [[Napoleon III]],<ref name="pei">{{Cite book|last=Pei|first=Mario|author-link=Mario Pei|year=1969|title=Wanted: A World Language|type=Pamphlet|series=Public Affairs|volume=434|pages=11–12|publisher=Public Affairs Committee|publication-place=[[New York City]]|url=http://www.autodidactproject.org/other/pei_worldlg.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180125230417if_/http://www.autodidactproject.org/other/pei_worldlg.html|archive-date=2018-01-25|access-date=2025-11-28|df=mdy-all}}</ref> kulminujući s publikacijom [[Boleslas Gajewski|Boleslasa Gajewskogo]] {{Lang|fr|Grammaire du Solresol}} v 1902. Dnes, postoje male komunity entuzijastov Solresola rozsypane po cělem světě.<ref name="sidosi">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|title=Sidosi Home|url=https://www.sidosi.org/|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004090845if_/https://www.sidosi.org/|archive-date=2023-10-04|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> == Evolucija == Postoji několik verzij Solresola, každá s malymi razlikami. Tri glavne varijacije ktore su ješte v oběgu—Sudre, Gajewski i "Modern"—razlikuju se pretežno v različnyh elementah slovnika, a složaju se pretežno o gramatike. Sudre je stvoril jezyk, i tako njegova verzija zaslužuje nazv byti originalnom verzijom Solresola. Vincent Gajewski, parizsky profesor, popularizoval jezyk jako predsednik Centralnogo Komiteta za Studium i Napredovanje Solresola, ktory był osnovan v 1869 od Sudreove udovy, Joséphine, da bi dalje promoviral njegovo dělo. Boleslas Gajewski, Vincentov syn i sam profesor, formalizoval gramatiku i napisal definitivno dělo o jezyka: {{Language with name/for|fr|Grammaire du Solrésol|Gramatika Solresola}}.<ref name="grammar_eng">{{Cite web|last1=Gajewski|first1=Boleslas|last2=Rice|first2=Stephen L.|date=1997-11-19|orig-date=printed 1902 as {{Lang|fr|Grammaire du Solrésol}}, translated 1997|title=Grammar of Solresol, or the Universal Language of François Sudre|url=http://www.ptialaska.net/~srice/solresol/sorsoeng.htm|website=Stephen L. Rice: The Solresol Page|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070413035441if_/http://www.ptialaska.net/~srice/solresol/sorsoeng.htm|archive-date=2007-04-13|access-date=2019-09-29|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="grammar_pdf">{{Cite web|last=Gajewski|first=Boleslas|editor-last1=Rice|editor-first1=Stephen L.|editor-last2=Bigham|editor-first2=Doug|year=2005|orig-date=printed 1902 as {{Lang|fr|Grammaire du Solrésol}}, translated 1997 (Rice), revised 2005 (Bigham)|title=Grammar of Solresol, or the Universal Language of François Sudre|url=https://i.sidosi.org/resources/grammar-of-solresol-bigham/grammar-of-solresol-bigham.pdf|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217001045if_/https://i.sidosi.org/resources/grammar-of-solresol-bigham/grammar-of-solresol-bigham.pdf|archive-date=2019-12-17|access-date=2019-12-16|df=mdy-all}}</ref> To je najviše publicirana verzija Solresola, zahvaljujući překladu na anglijsky od Stephena L. Ricea iz 1997,{{R|grammar_pdf}}{{R|grammar_eng}} s znatnom količinom slovnika izměnjenogo od originala, kao i něktore gramatike. Jedny priměr je slovo ''fasol'', definovano kao "tutaj" v Sudreovom slovniku, ale "začto?" v Gajewskom. Tretja je neoficijalna verzija razvijana vremenom od komunity, nazvana "Moderny Solresol". Ona koristi Sudreovu verziju kao bazu, s prilagodbami gramatike i slovnika, takimi jako izměna definicij ''sisol'' i ''sila'' od značenja "Gospodin" i "Mlady muž" na sistem [[honorifik|honorifikov]] inspiriran onym koristanym v japonščině; oba su rodno-neutralne titule, jedna za byti poštivy, a druga za byti ljubazny.<ref name="Modern Solresol Dictionary">{{Cite web|last1=Osteen|first1=Garrison|last2=Walters|first2=Scott|last3=Parson|first3=Daniel|last4=Fernandez|first4=Tobias|date=2018-03-12|title=Solresol Dictionary Modernised|url=https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/182okssrHseIggjHGlzWyFH81-o8y8EsvQtJfPJYu6r8/edit|format=XLSX|website=Google Sheets|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250829164017if_/https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/182okssrHseIggjHGlzWyFH81-o8y8EsvQtJfPJYu6r8/edit|archive-date=2025-08-29|archive-format=XLSX|access-date=2019-12-22|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Gajewskogo publikacija donesla razne dodatky ktore ne konfliktu s originalnom verzijom jezyka, taki jako razne nove metody komunikacije,{{R|grammar_pdf|p=16}} vključujući: skup symbolov koristane sedmih barv duhy, i koristane [[tonic sol-fa]] za signiranje jezyka ==Fonologija== [[File:Solresol.svg|thumb|right|Sedm konvencionalnyh not, barv, sylab, čisel i glifov koristanyh za prenos fonemov Solresola]] Solresol może być komunikovany koristajući sedm različnyh predmetov, s maksimumom pet na slovo. Statistički, ty kombinacije daju sedm jedno-sylabnyh slov, 49 dvuh-sylabnyh, 336 tri-sylabnyh, 2.268 četyr-sylabnyh i 9.072 pet-sylabnyh, za ukupno 11.732 mogućih primarnyh slov.<ref name="pei" /> Glavna metoda komunikacije je koristane sedmih [[solfedžio]] sylab (forma [[solmizacija|solmizacije]]), ktore mogu byti akcentovane, prodloužene ili ponovljene. Najprostši način koristati ty sylaby je govoriti ih jako by one byly regularne [[sylaba|sylaby]]. Zbog togo že predchádza [[Medžunarodny fonetičny alfabet|IPA]], ne postoje posebna pravila izgovora izvan standardnyh čitanj solfège. Zbog togo že vsaka sylaba je dovoljno odlična, mogu byti izgovorjene skoro vsakym načinom ktory čytateľ preferuje.{{Trěba iztočnik|date=July 2025}} Sudre je izložil način transkripcije fonetiky francozskogo (i tako mnogih drugih jezykov) do Solresola, primarno koristany za vlastne imenice.{{r|lmu1866|p=32}} Koristajući občne izgovory kako su dane od strane [[Wiktionary|Vikislovnika]], je moguće rekonstruovati tabulu glasov koristajući modernu IPA. Zbog malog broja sylab, je potrebno ostaviti kratku pauzu medźu slovami tako da vsako slovo ostane jasno odvojeno. Kako je primetil Boleslas Gajewski: "člověk bi měl věnovati veliku pozornost pauzi po vsakom slovu; ta mala pauza je potrebna za odvajanje slov, tako da slušatelj ne bude zbunjen".{{R|grammar_eng|p=Reversed meanings}} ===Slovnik=== V Solresol [[morfologija (lingvistika)|morfologiji]], vsako slovo je poděleno na kategorije ili značenja ili funkcije, gdźe duža slova su občno specifičnjejša. Slova se razlikuju po treh glavnyh karakteristikah: početnoj sylabě, dužině slova, i tomu da li ima par ponovljenih sylab. Slova koja su jedna i dve sylaby duge su koristana za [[Zaimennik|zaimenniky]] i občne [[Gramatična čestica|čestice]], a ty s ponovljenimi sylabami su [[Gramatično vreme|vremena]]. Slova koja su jednu sylabu duga su posvećena slovima ktora su često koristana (v času stvorenja Solresola). Ty ktore uključuju ponavljajuće sylaby su rezervovane za "čisla, měsece goda, dni neděle i temperatury [pogodne uslove]", na pr. redodo "jedny", remimi "dva" (po Gajewskom). Slova koja su četyri sylaby duga spadaju v razne tematske kategorije. Na pr., slova počinjuća s 'sol', koja ne uključuju ponovljene sylaby, imaju značenja vezana za umetnosti ili nauky (na pr. soldoredo, "umetnost"; solmiredo, "akustika").{{r|lmu1866|p=22.V}} Však, ako slova koja su četyri sylaby duga imaju par ponovljenih sylab, njihova značenja se odnose na bolesti ili medicinu (na pr. solsolredo, "migrena"; solreresol, "ospice").{{r|lmu1866|p=23.VI}} Točnjejše, klase bez ponovljenih sylab su: ''do'': člověk, njegovo tělo i duh, intelektualne sposobnosti, kvalitete i hrana; ''re'': odeća, dom, domaćinstvo i porodica; ''mi'': činjenja človeka i njegove mane; ''fa'': selo, putovanja, vojna, more; ''sol'': lepe umetnosti i nauky; ''la'': industrija i trgovina; ''si'': město, vlada i administracija. S ponovljenimi sylabami, iste sylaby daju: ''do'': religija; ''re'': konstrukcija i razne obrti; ''mi'': predlogi, prislovne fraze i izolovane prislovy; ''fa'': bolesti; ''sol'': bolesti (nast.); ''la'': industrija i trgovina (jako u tipu bez ponavljanja); ''si'': pravda, magistratura i sudovi. Konačno, kombinacije pet sylab označavaju životinje, rośliny i minerale. Po defaultu, vse žive imenice i zaimenniky podrazuměvaju da su mužskogo roda. Za razlikovanje ženskogo roda, bar, [[pomišljaj|pomišljaj]] ili [[makron (diakritika)|makron]] se dodaje na konačnu sylabu odgovarajućeg člena ili samogo slova. V govoru, to se označava ponavljanjem vokala sylaby, s [[glotalna stop|glotalnom stopom]] koja odvaja ponovljenu vokalu od ostatka slova.{{r|lmu1866|p=24}} Však, v modernyh překladah, zaimenniky se ne měnje v zavisnosti od [[Gramatičny rod|roda]]. Umesto toga, oni se prosto prevode na anglijsky kao neutralne zaimenniky; it i they. Jedna unikatna karakteristika Solresola je da značenja mogu byti obrnuta obrtanjem sylab v slovah. Na pr. ''fala'' znači dobro ili ukusno, a ''lafa'' znači zlo. Prekidi v logičkom poredu slov v vsakoj kategoriji su občno uzrokovani tymi obrtivymi slovami.{{r|lmu1866|p=31.XXI}} {| style="background: transparent; border: hidden;" | style="padding: 0 2em;" | {| class="wikitable" | [[File:Solresol - misol.jpg|x88px]] | [[File:Solresol - solmi.jpg|x88px]] |- | style="text-align: center;" | '''misol''': "dobro" | style="text-align: center;" | '''solmi''': "zlo" |} | style="padding-left: 2em;" | {| class="wikitable" | [[File:Solresol - domisol.jpg|x88px]] | [[File:Solresol - solmido.jpg|x88px]] |- | style="text-align: center;" | '''domisol''': "[[Bog]]" | style="text-align: center;" | '''solmido''': "[[Djavol]]" |} |} Však, ne vsa slova su obrtiva v tom smyslu, taki jako ''dorefare'' znači vrat, a ''refaredo'' znači garderoba, ktore očigledno nisu suprotnosti. Slědujuća tabula pokazuje slova do dvuh sylab iz Gajewskogo slovnika: {| class="wikitable" ! {{Diagonal split header|style=height: 3em; width: 7em|1. syl.|2. syl.}} ! ''Nijedna'' ! style="background-color: #f69;" | -do ! style="background-color: #f96;" | -re ! style="background-color: #ff9;" | -mi ! style="background-color: #9f6;" | -fa ! style="background-color: #9ff;" | -sol ! style="background-color: #96f;" | -la ! style="background-color: #f9f;" | -si/-ti |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #f69;" | Do- | style="background-color: #f69;" | ne, ni, niti | style="background-color: #f69;" | (prošlo) | ja, mene || ty [sg] || on || se, sebe || jedny, někto || drugy |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #f96;" | Re- | style="background-color: #f96;" | i, tak jako | moj, moje | style="background-color: #f96;" | (pluperfekt) | tvoj, tvoje [sg] || njegov || naš, naše || vaš, vaše [pl] || njihov |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #ff9;" | Mi- | style="background-color: #ff9;" | ili, ili čak | za, da bi/da || ktory, koja (odnos. zaim.), že (veznik) | style="background-color: #ff9;" | (buduće) | čij, čija || dobro (prisl.) || tutaj je/tu je, gle || dobar večer/noć |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #9f6;" | Fa- | style="background-color: #9f6;" | k, ka | što? || s, sa, zajedno || ovaj, ova, ovo | style="background-color: #9f6;" | (kond.) | začto, iz kog razloga || dobro, ukusno, slasno || mnogo, velmi, krajno |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #9ff;" | Sol- | style="background-color: #9ff;" | ako | ale || v, unutra || zlo, loše (prisl.) || zato, jer | style="background-color: #9ff;" | (imperativ) | věčno, vsegda, bez konca || hvala, hvaly |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #96f;" | <span style="color: #000;">La-</span> | style="background-color: #96f;" | <span style="color: #000;">ty (člen)</span> | ničto, nikto, nijedny || od, po || tutaj, tam || zlo, loše || nikogda, nikad | style="background-color: #96f;" | <span style="color: #000;">(prezentni participij)</span> || od, iz |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #f9f;"| Si-/Ti- | style="background-color: #f9f;" | da, dobro, rado, složeno | isto (stvar) | vsaky, každy | dobro jutro/popoldne | malo, jedva |gospodin, pan |mlady muž, neženja | style="background-color: #f9f;" | <span style="color: #000;">(pasivny participij)</span> |} Određeny člen ima razne forme za [[Nominativ|nominativny]], [[Genitiv|genitivny]] i [[Dativ|dativny]] padež, ili, v anglijskom, za "the", "to the" i "of the": 'la', 'fa' i 'lasi', po redu.{{r|lmu1866|p=23-24.VII-VIII}} ==Gramatika== Osim naglaska i dužiny, slova Solresola se ne inflektuju. Da bi rečenice ostale jasne, posebno s mogućnošću gubitka informacij pri komunikaciji, odredjene časti řeči sleduju strog slovored. :Prěvjesniki vsegda sleduju imenicu ktoru određuju. :Nepremni objekty vsegda dolaze poslě glagola.{{r|lmu1866|p=26.XII}} :Priměry dane v originalnoj dokumentaciji ukazuju na [[subjekt–glagol–objekt slovored|slovored subjekt–glagol–objekt]],{{R|lmu1866|p=29.XVII}} však, to ne bi mělo imati značenje dok rečenica ostaje prosta i jasna. :Vremena vsegda prethode glagolom.{{r|lmu1866|p=30.XIX}} Da bi se slovo stvorilo u množini, [[akút|akútny naglasak]] se dodaje iznad poslednje sylaby, ktory se v govoru izgovara produženjem poslednje bukvy te sylaby.{{r|lmu1866|p=24.IX}} Priměry kako označiti množinu mužskih i ženskih slov: :''resimire'' brat, ''resimirē/resimire-e'' sestra :''resimiré'' bracia, ''resimiréē/resimiré-e'' sestry To utiče samo na prvo slovo v [[imenična fraza|imeničnoj frazi]]. To jest, utiče samo na imenicu kada je imenica sama, jako iznad. Ako je slovo popraćeno gramatičkom česticom (la, fa ili lasi), čestica će nositi oznaku roda i/ili broja umesto toga: :''la resimire'' [ty] brat, ''lā/la-a resimire'' [ta] sestra :''lá resimire'' [ty] bracia, ''láā/lá-a resimire'' [ty] sestry Časti řeči (jako i specifičnjejše definicije za něktora slova) se izvode iz glagol postavljanjem [[cirkumfleks|cirkumfleksa]] iznad jedne od sylab v pisanju, i izgovaranjem te sylaby s [[Glossary of music terminology#R|rinforzando]] (iznenadny naglasak ili [[Dynamics (music)#Gradual changes|crescendo]]). S naglaskom postavljenim na prvu sylabu, slovo postaje imenica. V četyri-sylabnyh slovah, naglašavanje druge sylaby stvara imenicu činitelja. [[Penult]]imna sylaba stvara prěvjesnik, a poslednja stvara prislov.{{r|lmu1866|p=25.XI}} Na pr., :''midofa'' preferovati, ''mîdofa'' preferencija, ''midôfa'' preferabilny, ''midofâ'' preferabilno :''resolmila'' nastaviti, ''rêsolmila'' nastavjenje, ''resôlmila'' jedny ktory nastavlja, ''resolmîla'' staly, ''resolmilâ'' stalno Na kompjuteryh koristajući rasporede klavijatur bez cirkumfleksa, sylaba może być napisana velikimi bukvami, ili [[caret]] postavljen medźu bukvy sylaby ili poslě sylaby. Zbog gramatike i slovoreda Solresola, razlikovanje častij řeči občno nije potrebno za razuměnje rečenice. Razne [[tense–aspect–mood|vremensko-načinske]] čestice su dvojne sylaby, kako je dato u slovniku iznad. Dodatno, po Gajewskom, pasivne glagoly se tvore s ''faremi'' medźu tom česticom i glagolom. Subjunktiv se tvori s ''mire'' pred zaimennikom. Negacija ''do'' se pojavljuje samo jednom v klauzi, pred slovom koje negira. Slovo ''fasi'' pred imenicom ili prěvjesnikom je [[augmentativ|augmentativno]]; poslě njega je [[Degrees of comparison of adjectives and adverbs|superlativ]]. ''Sifa'' je suprotnost ([[diminutiv|diminutivno]]):{{r|lmu1866|p=21.III}} :''fala'' dobro, ''fasi fala'' velmi dobro, ''fala fasi'' odlično, najbolje; ''sifa fala'' dobro (ali ne odlično), ''fala sifa'' ne velmi dobro (i slično s ''lafa'' zlo) :''sisire'' vjetar, ''fasi sisire'' oluja, ''sisire fasi'' ciklon; ''sifa sisire'' povjetarac, ''sisire sifa'' kretanje vazduha Pitanja Pitanja v Solresolu ne dobijaju mnogo pažnje u originalnoj dokumentaciji, niti imaju mnogo priměrov. Sudreova publikacija uključuje tri priměra upitnyh rečenic:{{r|lmu1866|p=127}} :Je vaše zdravlje dobro? – Redofafa? :Hoćete li ići na selo ove godine? – Fadoremi? :Hoćete li ići u pozorište večeras? – Soldoremi? Da bi se to stvorilo kao potvrdna izjava, dodaje se osobny zaimennik poslě: :Moje zdravlje je dobro. – Redofafa dore. :Ići ću na selo ove godine. – Fadoremi dore. :Ići ću u pozorište večeras. – Soldoremi dore. Gajewski umesto toga postavlja subjekt rečenice poslě glagola umesto pred glagolom, konstrukcija občna v evropskih jezycich. Nektery priměry su:{{R|grammar_eng|p=Interrogation and Negation}} :Jesam li? – Faremi dore? :Razumije li on? – Falafa dofa? :Učite li? – Sidosi domi? V vsih verzijah jezyka, postoje slova četyri sylaby duga, ponovljena "Mi" sekcija slovnika koja uključuje neka občna pitanja, taki jako:{{r|lmu1866|p=109.123}} :Miladodo? – Do kogo stepena/mjere? :Milarere? – Dobro? :Misirere? – Kto je to? ==Pismo Solresol== [[File:Solresol symbols.svg|thumb|Simboly Solresola]] Pismo koristano v Solresolu sastoji se od sedmih unikatnyh symbolov, vsaky predstavljajući jednu od sedmih "not". Na pr., "[[C (muzikalna nota)|Do]]" je krug, a "[[G (muzikalna nota)|Sol]]" je horizontalna linija. Slova Solresola se tvore povezivanjem symbolov v poredu kako se pojavljuju v slovu. Dvojne note se predstavljaju križanjem symbola. [[File:Solresol words.svg|thumb|Něktore osnovne slova Solresola]] Druge karakteristike Nepristrasny i relativno prosty Integrovane sistemy ([[znakovny jezyk|znakovny jezyk]], barvy, itd.) za većinu [[invaliditet|ometenj]], odmah operativne bez posebnogo učenja Brzo uspěšno učenje za nepismene (samo sedm sylab ili znakov ili deset bukv za znati i prepoznati) Vrlo prosty ali efektivny sistem za razlikovanje funkcij slov v rečenicah Koristajući [[tonic sol-fa]] sistem od [[John Curwen|Johna Curwena]], Solresol może też być [[znakovny jezyk|znakovano]]. Daljnji razvoj Drugi način koristania Solresola se naziva ''ses'', razvijen od [[C. George Boeree|C. Georgea Boereea]].<ref name="loan_words">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|title=Using loan words in Solresol|url=https://www.tumblr.com/sidosi/181390815161/using-loan-words-in-solresol|website=Tumblr|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251128152044if_/https://www.tumblr.com/sidosi/181390815161/using-loan-words-in-solresol|archive-date=2025-11-28|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Koristajući to, note dobijaju reprezentativne konsonante i vokale (ili diftongy). Najprostša slova koriste samo vokalu, dok vsa druga koriste složenjejšu strukturu sylab. do ⇒ p / o re ⇒ k / e mi ⇒ m / i fa ⇒ f / a sol ⇒ s / u la ⇒ l / au ti ⇒ t / ai Na ovaj način, można pisati ili izgovarati slova taki jako to: : sol-sol-re-do ⇒ suko (cvcv) – migrena Zato što se množina i ženske forme slov u Solresolu označavaju naglaskom ili dužinom glasov, ses koristi ''pau'' (nektory) ili ''fai'' (mnogo) za označavanje množiny, i ''mu'' (dobro) za označavanje ženskogo roda kogda je potrebno. == Kodiranje == Zahtev za [[ISO 639-3]] jezykovy kod, privremeno predloženy jako {{Code|sud}}, był upućen [[SIL Global|SIL-u]] 28 avgusta 2017,<ref name="sil_change">{{Cite web|author=SIL International|author-link=SIL Global|date=2017-08-28|title=ISO 639-3 Registration Authority Request for Change No. 2017-032|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032.pdf|website=ISO 639-3|publication-place=[[Dallas]]|format=PDF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605171450if_/https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032.pdf|archive-date=2019-06-05|archive-format=PDF|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="sil_new">{{Cite web|author=SIL International|author-link=SIL Global|date=2017-08-28|title=Request for New Language Code Element in ISO 639-3: [sud]|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032_sud.pdf|website=ISO 639-3|publication-place=[[Dallas]]|format=PDF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605171450if_/https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032_sud.pdf|archive-date=2019-06-05|archive-format=PDF|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="sidosi_request">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|date=2017-07-28|title=The Road to ISO 639-3|url=https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=310|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230829154231if_/https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=310|archive-date=2023-08-29|access-date=2018-10-22|df=mdy-all}}</ref> ale był odrinuły 23 janvara 2018.<ref name="sil_rejection">{{Cite web|author=SIL International|author-link=SIL Global|date=2018-01-23|title=Comments received for ISO 639-3 Change Request 2017-032|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/CR_Comments_2017-032.pdf|website=ISO 639-3|publication-place=[[Dallas]]|format=PDF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605171452if_/https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/CR_Comments_2017-032.pdf|archive-date=2019-06-05|archive-format=PDF|page=2|access-date=2019-09-27|df=mdy-all|quote=Zahtev za stvorenje koda [sud] za Solresol je odrinuły.}}</ref><ref name="sidosi_rejection">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|date=2018-02-01|title=Beyond ISO 639-3 (for now)|url=https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=350|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230829153926if_/https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=350|archive-date=2023-08-29|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Solresol je dobil kody {{Code|qso}} i {{Code|art-x-solresol}} v [[Codes for constructed languages|ConLang Code Registry]].<ref name="clcr">{{Cite web|last=Bettencourt|first=Rebecca G.|date=2015-01-08|title=ConLang Code Registry|url=https://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/|website=Kreative Korporation|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221127152005if_/http://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/|archive-date=2022-11-27|access-date=2021-04-06|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Sedm osnovnyh symbolov bylo predloženo za registraciju v [[ConScript Unicode Registry]].<ref name="csur">{{Cite web|last=Everson|first=Michael|author-link=Michael Everson|date=1997-01-21|title=Solresol: U+E770–U+E77F|url=https://www.evertype.com/standards/csur/solresol.html|website=ConScript Unicode Registry|publisher=Evertype|publication-place=[[Lecanvey]], [[Ireland]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417191120if_/https://www.evertype.com/standards/csur/solresol.html|archive-date=2021-04-17|access-date=2021-04-06|df=mdy-all}}</ref> == Priměrne teksty == ; Članok 1 ''[[Universalna deklaracija prav člověka|Universalnoj deklaracija prav člověka]]'' na medžuslovjanskom : ''Vsi ljudi rodet se svobodnymi i ravnymi v svojem dostojenstvu i pravah. Oni sut obdarjene razumom i svědomjem i muset postupati v odnošenju jedin k drugomu v duhu bratstva.'' ; Prěvod na Solresol : Siré misolredo faremi doredore domisimi re misóla, solfalafá dósila re réfasi. Dófa faremi remila fare dômilafa re dôfasifa, re fafa fasolfa midolǎ fare dômisola lasi sîmisila. ; Predstavjeno koristajuči ''ses'' Solresol : Sé muro fem pepe omúm e múl, salá ósau e éfai. Óf fem ril fe ômauf e ôfaif, e fa fuf ipǎu fe ômul lai âimail. == Gledite takože == * [[muzikalny jezyk]] * [[solfedžio]] * [[Tonic sol-fa]] * [[Voyage to Faremido]] * [[Ro jezyk]] ==Iztočniky== {{Iztočniky}} == Čitati dalje == * {{Cite book|last=Sudre|first=François|year=1866|title=Langue Musicale Universelle|url=http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/ladosol.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070831060525if_/http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/ladosol.html|archive-date=2007-08-31|publication-place=Paris|language=fr}} – HTML verzija celogo teksta Sudreovogo toma iz 1866, s originalnym [https://web.archive.org/web/20070831061613if_/http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/lrls_sosfs.html slovnikom] i [https://web.archive.org/web/20080310234035/http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/solrelaF.html frazeologijom] (v francozskom). * {{Cite book|last1=Couturat|first1=Louis|last2=Leau|first2=Léopold|year=1903|title=Histoire de la Langue Universelle|url=https://archive.org/details/histoiredelalang00coutuoft|publisher=Librairie Hachette|publication-place=[[Paris]]|language=fr|access-date=2025-11-28|df=mdy-all}} * {{Cite book|last=Eco|first=Umberto|author-link=Umberto Eco|date=1997-04-08|title=The Search for the Perfect Language|url=https://archive.org/details/searchforperfect00ecou|publisher=[[Wiley-Blackwell]]|publication-place=[[Cambridge, Massachusetts|Cambridge, Mass.]]|edition=1|series=The Making of Europe|isbn=978-0-631-20510-4|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}} ==Vněšnje linky== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20191115021254if_/https://www.omniglot.com/writing/solresol.htm Solresol jezyk i stenografično pismo] na Omniglot, online enciklopediji sistemov pisanja i jezykov * Anglijsko-Solresol slovniky od [https://web.archive.org/web/20250121193252if_/http://www.datapacrat.com/True/LANG/SOLRESOL/DICTIONA.HTM Jasona Hutchensa] (6 julija 1998) i [https://web.archive.org/web/20100923132246if_/http://www.ifost.org.au/~gregb/solresol/sorsolex.htm Stephena L. Ricea] (19 novembra 1997) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20231130083816if_/http://sharyphil.com/root/solresol-the-project/ SolReSol: Projekt v0.95] od Phila Sharyja, open source Solresol–anglijsky i anglijsky–Solresol překladateľsky program za Windows (32- i 64-bitny) s live MIDI podporom (24 februara 2015) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20250818235352if_/https://wiki.xxiivv.com/site/solresol.html Moderny Simetričny Solresol] od Davida Mondou-Labbého (28 septembra 2023) * [https://eliseduv.dev/solresol/ Překladač Anglijsky↔Solresol] {{Umětne jezyky}} [[Kategorija:1827 introdukcije]] [[Kategorija:Analitične jezyky]] [[Kategorija:Konstruovane jezyky]] [[Kategorija:Medžunarodne pomočne jezyky]] [[Kategorija:jezyky potvrđene od 1820-tyh]] [[Kategorija:muzikalne jezyky]] js41qjwcnhn2m2m6fyeewo02iliyqs0 45635 45634 2026-08-13T09:16:48Z Ilja isv 10 /* Fonologija */ 45635 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kartka jezyk | name = Solresol | nativename = <center>''[[solfedžio]]'': Sol-Re-Sol</center> | image = Solresol-langage.svg | created = 1827 | creator = [[François Sudre|{{-|François Sudre|Франсуа Судр}}]] | fam1 = [[umětne jezyky]] | fam2 = [[Pomočny jezyk]], [[Umětne jezyky#A priori|a priori]] | fam3 = [[muzikalny jezyk]] | posteriori = [[Umětne jezyky#A priori|a priori]] | script = pismo Solresol ; [[solfedžio]]; [[noty]]; [[barvy spektra]] | sign = Podpisana notacija; [[tonic sol-fa]] znaky od [[John Curwen]] | iso3 = qso | iso3comment = [https://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/ (lokalno koristane)] | glotto = none | ietf = [https://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/ art-x-solresol] }} '''Solresol''' ([[solfedžio]]: [[G (muzikalna nota)|Sol]]-[[D (muzikalna nota)|Re]]-[[G (muzikalna nota)|Sol]]), prvonačelno nazyvany {{Lang|fr|Langue universelle}} (bukv. 'Universalny jezyk') a potom {{Lang|fr|Langue musicale universelle}} ('Universalny muzikalny jezyk'), je [[muzikalny jezyk|muzikalny]] [[umětny jezyk]] stvorjeny od francozskogo učiteľa musiky i kompozitora [[François Sudre|Jean-Françoisa Sudrea]] (1787–1862), počinajući v 1817. Njegova kniga definujuća to, {{Lang|fr|Langue Musicale Universelle}}, była publikovana posmrtno v 1866,<ref name="lmu1866">{{Cite book|last=Sudre|first=François|year=1866|title=Langue Musicale Universelle|url=https://www.ifost.org.au/~gregb/solresol/sudre-book.pdf|format=PDF|url-status=live|publication-place=[[Paris]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320142510if_/http://www.ifost.org.au/~gregb/solresol/sudre-book.pdf|archive-date=2012-03-20|archive-format=PDF|language=fr|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> iako je on već několik godin publiciral to. Solresol doživil kratky čas popularnosti v drugej polovici 19. stolěća i był sponzorovan od takyh osob jako [[Victor Hugo]], [[Alphonse de Lamartine]], [[Alexander von Humboldt]] i [[Napoleon III]],<ref name="pei">{{Cite book|last=Pei|first=Mario|author-link=Mario Pei|year=1969|title=Wanted: A World Language|type=Pamphlet|series=Public Affairs|volume=434|pages=11–12|publisher=Public Affairs Committee|publication-place=[[New York City]]|url=http://www.autodidactproject.org/other/pei_worldlg.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180125230417if_/http://www.autodidactproject.org/other/pei_worldlg.html|archive-date=2018-01-25|access-date=2025-11-28|df=mdy-all}}</ref> kulminujući s publikacijom [[Boleslas Gajewski|Boleslasa Gajewskogo]] {{Lang|fr|Grammaire du Solresol}} v 1902. Dnes, postoje male komunity entuzijastov Solresola rozsypane po cělem světě.<ref name="sidosi">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|title=Sidosi Home|url=https://www.sidosi.org/|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004090845if_/https://www.sidosi.org/|archive-date=2023-10-04|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> == Evolucija == Postoji několik verzij Solresola, každá s malymi razlikami. Tri glavne varijacije ktore su ješte v oběgu—Sudre, Gajewski i "Modern"—razlikuju se pretežno v različnyh elementah slovnika, a složaju se pretežno o gramatike. Sudre je stvoril jezyk, i tako njegova verzija zaslužuje nazv byti originalnom verzijom Solresola. Vincent Gajewski, parizsky profesor, popularizoval jezyk jako predsednik Centralnogo Komiteta za Studium i Napredovanje Solresola, ktory był osnovan v 1869 od Sudreove udovy, Joséphine, da bi dalje promoviral njegovo dělo. Boleslas Gajewski, Vincentov syn i sam profesor, formalizoval gramatiku i napisal definitivno dělo o jezyka: {{Language with name/for|fr|Grammaire du Solrésol|Gramatika Solresola}}.<ref name="grammar_eng">{{Cite web|last1=Gajewski|first1=Boleslas|last2=Rice|first2=Stephen L.|date=1997-11-19|orig-date=printed 1902 as {{Lang|fr|Grammaire du Solrésol}}, translated 1997|title=Grammar of Solresol, or the Universal Language of François Sudre|url=http://www.ptialaska.net/~srice/solresol/sorsoeng.htm|website=Stephen L. Rice: The Solresol Page|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070413035441if_/http://www.ptialaska.net/~srice/solresol/sorsoeng.htm|archive-date=2007-04-13|access-date=2019-09-29|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="grammar_pdf">{{Cite web|last=Gajewski|first=Boleslas|editor-last1=Rice|editor-first1=Stephen L.|editor-last2=Bigham|editor-first2=Doug|year=2005|orig-date=printed 1902 as {{Lang|fr|Grammaire du Solrésol}}, translated 1997 (Rice), revised 2005 (Bigham)|title=Grammar of Solresol, or the Universal Language of François Sudre|url=https://i.sidosi.org/resources/grammar-of-solresol-bigham/grammar-of-solresol-bigham.pdf|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217001045if_/https://i.sidosi.org/resources/grammar-of-solresol-bigham/grammar-of-solresol-bigham.pdf|archive-date=2019-12-17|access-date=2019-12-16|df=mdy-all}}</ref> To je najviše publicirana verzija Solresola, zahvaljujući překladu na anglijsky od Stephena L. Ricea iz 1997,{{R|grammar_pdf}}{{R|grammar_eng}} s znatnom količinom slovnika izměnjenogo od originala, kao i něktore gramatike. Jedny priměr je slovo ''fasol'', definovano kao "tutaj" v Sudreovom slovniku, ale "začto?" v Gajewskom. Tretja je neoficijalna verzija razvijana vremenom od komunity, nazvana "Moderny Solresol". Ona koristi Sudreovu verziju kao bazu, s prilagodbami gramatike i slovnika, takimi jako izměna definicij ''sisol'' i ''sila'' od značenja "Gospodin" i "Mlady muž" na sistem [[honorifik|honorifikov]] inspiriran onym koristanym v japonščině; oba su rodno-neutralne titule, jedna za byti poštivy, a druga za byti ljubazny.<ref name="Modern Solresol Dictionary">{{Cite web|last1=Osteen|first1=Garrison|last2=Walters|first2=Scott|last3=Parson|first3=Daniel|last4=Fernandez|first4=Tobias|date=2018-03-12|title=Solresol Dictionary Modernised|url=https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/182okssrHseIggjHGlzWyFH81-o8y8EsvQtJfPJYu6r8/edit|format=XLSX|website=Google Sheets|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250829164017if_/https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/182okssrHseIggjHGlzWyFH81-o8y8EsvQtJfPJYu6r8/edit|archive-date=2025-08-29|archive-format=XLSX|access-date=2019-12-22|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Gajewskogo publikacija donesla razne dodatky ktore ne konfliktu s originalnom verzijom jezyka, taki jako razne nove metody komunikacije,{{R|grammar_pdf|p=16}} vključujući: skup symbolov koristane sedmih barv duhy, i koristane [[tonic sol-fa]] za signiranje jezyka ==Fonologija== [[File:Solresol.svg|thumb|right|Sedm konvencionalnyh not, barv, sylab, čisel i glifov koristanyh za prenos fonemov Solresola]] Solresol może być komunikovany koristajući sedm različnyh predmetov, s maksimumom pet na slovo. Statistički, ty kombinacije daju sedm jedno-sylabnyh slov, 49 dvuh-sylabnyh, 336 tri-sylabnyh, 2.268 četyr-sylabnyh i 9.072 pet-sylabnyh, za ukupno 11.732 mogućih primarnyh slov.<ref name="pei" /> Glavna metoda komunikacije je koristane sedmih [[solfedžio]] sylab (forma [[solmizacija|solmizacije]]), ktore mogu byti akcentovane, prodloužene ili ponovljene. Najprostši način koristati ty sylaby je govoriti ih jako by one byly regularne [[sylaba|sylaby]]. {{Trěba iztočnik|Zbog togo že predchádza [[Medžunarodny fonetičny alfabet|IPA]], ne postoje posebna pravila izgovora izvan standardnyh čitanj solfège. Zbog togo že vsaka sylaba je dovoljno odlična, mogu byti izgovorjene skoro vsakym načinom ktory čytateľ preferuje.}} Sudre je izložil način transkripcije fonetiky francozskogo (i tako mnogih drugih jezykov) do Solresola, primarno koristany za vlastne imenice.{{r|lmu1866|p=32}} Koristajući občne izgovory kako su dane od strane [[Wiktionary|Vikislovnika]], je moguće rekonstruovati tabulu glasov koristajući modernu IPA. Zbog malog broja sylab, je potrebno ostaviti kratku pauzu medźu slovami tako da vsako slovo ostane jasno odvojeno. Kako je primetil Boleslas Gajewski: "člověk bi měl věnovati veliku pozornost pauzi po vsakom slovu; ta mala pauza je potrebna za odvajanje slov, tako da slušatelj ne bude zbunjen".{{R|grammar_eng|p=Reversed meanings}} ===Slovnik=== V Solresol [[morfologija (lingvistika)|morfologiji]], vsako slovo je poděleno na kategorije ili značenja ili funkcije, gdźe duža slova su občno specifičnjejša. Slova se razlikuju po treh glavnyh karakteristikah: početnoj sylabě, dužině slova, i tomu da li ima par ponovljenih sylab. Slova koja su jedna i dve sylaby duge su koristana za [[Zaimennik|zaimenniky]] i občne [[Gramatična čestica|čestice]], a ty s ponovljenimi sylabami su [[Gramatično vreme|vremena]]. Slova koja su jednu sylabu duga su posvećena slovima ktora su često koristana (v času stvorenja Solresola). Ty ktore uključuju ponavljajuće sylaby su rezervovane za "čisla, měsece goda, dni neděle i temperatury [pogodne uslove]", na pr. redodo "jedny", remimi "dva" (po Gajewskom). Slova koja su četyri sylaby duga spadaju v razne tematske kategorije. Na pr., slova počinjuća s 'sol', koja ne uključuju ponovljene sylaby, imaju značenja vezana za umetnosti ili nauky (na pr. soldoredo, "umetnost"; solmiredo, "akustika").{{r|lmu1866|p=22.V}} Však, ako slova koja su četyri sylaby duga imaju par ponovljenih sylab, njihova značenja se odnose na bolesti ili medicinu (na pr. solsolredo, "migrena"; solreresol, "ospice").{{r|lmu1866|p=23.VI}} Točnjejše, klase bez ponovljenih sylab su: ''do'': člověk, njegovo tělo i duh, intelektualne sposobnosti, kvalitete i hrana; ''re'': odeća, dom, domaćinstvo i porodica; ''mi'': činjenja človeka i njegove mane; ''fa'': selo, putovanja, vojna, more; ''sol'': lepe umetnosti i nauky; ''la'': industrija i trgovina; ''si'': město, vlada i administracija. S ponovljenimi sylabami, iste sylaby daju: ''do'': religija; ''re'': konstrukcija i razne obrti; ''mi'': predlogi, prislovne fraze i izolovane prislovy; ''fa'': bolesti; ''sol'': bolesti (nast.); ''la'': industrija i trgovina (jako u tipu bez ponavljanja); ''si'': pravda, magistratura i sudovi. Konačno, kombinacije pet sylab označavaju životinje, rośliny i minerale. Po defaultu, vse žive imenice i zaimenniky podrazuměvaju da su mužskogo roda. Za razlikovanje ženskogo roda, bar, [[pomišljaj|pomišljaj]] ili [[makron (diakritika)|makron]] se dodaje na konačnu sylabu odgovarajućeg člena ili samogo slova. V govoru, to se označava ponavljanjem vokala sylaby, s [[glotalna stop|glotalnom stopom]] koja odvaja ponovljenu vokalu od ostatka slova.{{r|lmu1866|p=24}} Však, v modernyh překladah, zaimenniky se ne měnje v zavisnosti od [[Gramatičny rod|roda]]. Umesto toga, oni se prosto prevode na anglijsky kao neutralne zaimenniky; it i they. Jedna unikatna karakteristika Solresola je da značenja mogu byti obrnuta obrtanjem sylab v slovah. Na pr. ''fala'' znači dobro ili ukusno, a ''lafa'' znači zlo. Prekidi v logičkom poredu slov v vsakoj kategoriji su občno uzrokovani tymi obrtivymi slovami.{{r|lmu1866|p=31.XXI}} {| style="background: transparent; border: hidden;" | style="padding: 0 2em;" | {| class="wikitable" | [[File:Solresol - misol.jpg|x88px]] | [[File:Solresol - solmi.jpg|x88px]] |- | style="text-align: center;" | '''misol''': "dobro" | style="text-align: center;" | '''solmi''': "zlo" |} | style="padding-left: 2em;" | {| class="wikitable" | [[File:Solresol - domisol.jpg|x88px]] | [[File:Solresol - solmido.jpg|x88px]] |- | style="text-align: center;" | '''domisol''': "[[Bog]]" | style="text-align: center;" | '''solmido''': "[[Djavol]]" |} |} Však, ne vsa slova su obrtiva v tom smyslu, taki jako ''dorefare'' znači vrat, a ''refaredo'' znači garderoba, ktore očigledno nisu suprotnosti. Slědujuća tabula pokazuje slova do dvuh sylab iz Gajewskogo slovnika: {| class="wikitable" ! {{Diagonal split header|style=height: 3em; width: 7em|1. syl.|2. syl.}} ! ''Nijedna'' ! style="background-color: #f69;" | -do ! style="background-color: #f96;" | -re ! style="background-color: #ff9;" | -mi ! style="background-color: #9f6;" | -fa ! style="background-color: #9ff;" | -sol ! style="background-color: #96f;" | -la ! style="background-color: #f9f;" | -si/-ti |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #f69;" | Do- | style="background-color: #f69;" | ne, ni, niti | style="background-color: #f69;" | (prošlo) | ja, mene || ty [sg] || on || se, sebe || jedny, někto || drugy |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #f96;" | Re- | style="background-color: #f96;" | i, tak jako | moj, moje | style="background-color: #f96;" | (pluperfekt) | tvoj, tvoje [sg] || njegov || naš, naše || vaš, vaše [pl] || njihov |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #ff9;" | Mi- | style="background-color: #ff9;" | ili, ili čak | za, da bi/da || ktory, koja (odnos. zaim.), že (veznik) | style="background-color: #ff9;" | (buduće) | čij, čija || dobro (prisl.) || tutaj je/tu je, gle || dobar večer/noć |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #9f6;" | Fa- | style="background-color: #9f6;" | k, ka | što? || s, sa, zajedno || ovaj, ova, ovo | style="background-color: #9f6;" | (kond.) | začto, iz kog razloga || dobro, ukusno, slasno || mnogo, velmi, krajno |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #9ff;" | Sol- | style="background-color: #9ff;" | ako | ale || v, unutra || zlo, loše (prisl.) || zato, jer | style="background-color: #9ff;" | (imperativ) | věčno, vsegda, bez konca || hvala, hvaly |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #96f;" | <span style="color: #000;">La-</span> | style="background-color: #96f;" | <span style="color: #000;">ty (člen)</span> | ničto, nikto, nijedny || od, po || tutaj, tam || zlo, loše || nikogda, nikad | style="background-color: #96f;" | <span style="color: #000;">(prezentni participij)</span> || od, iz |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #f9f;"| Si-/Ti- | style="background-color: #f9f;" | da, dobro, rado, složeno | isto (stvar) | vsaky, každy | dobro jutro/popoldne | malo, jedva |gospodin, pan |mlady muž, neženja | style="background-color: #f9f;" | <span style="color: #000;">(pasivny participij)</span> |} Određeny člen ima razne forme za [[Nominativ|nominativny]], [[Genitiv|genitivny]] i [[Dativ|dativny]] padež, ili, v anglijskom, za "the", "to the" i "of the": 'la', 'fa' i 'lasi', po redu.{{r|lmu1866|p=23-24.VII-VIII}} ==Gramatika== Osim naglaska i dužiny, slova Solresola se ne inflektuju. Da bi rečenice ostale jasne, posebno s mogućnošću gubitka informacij pri komunikaciji, odredjene časti řeči sleduju strog slovored. :Prěvjesniki vsegda sleduju imenicu ktoru određuju. :Nepremni objekty vsegda dolaze poslě glagola.{{r|lmu1866|p=26.XII}} :Priměry dane v originalnoj dokumentaciji ukazuju na [[subjekt–glagol–objekt slovored|slovored subjekt–glagol–objekt]],{{R|lmu1866|p=29.XVII}} však, to ne bi mělo imati značenje dok rečenica ostaje prosta i jasna. :Vremena vsegda prethode glagolom.{{r|lmu1866|p=30.XIX}} Da bi se slovo stvorilo u množini, [[akút|akútny naglasak]] se dodaje iznad poslednje sylaby, ktory se v govoru izgovara produženjem poslednje bukvy te sylaby.{{r|lmu1866|p=24.IX}} Priměry kako označiti množinu mužskih i ženskih slov: :''resimire'' brat, ''resimirē/resimire-e'' sestra :''resimiré'' bracia, ''resimiréē/resimiré-e'' sestry To utiče samo na prvo slovo v [[imenična fraza|imeničnoj frazi]]. To jest, utiče samo na imenicu kada je imenica sama, jako iznad. Ako je slovo popraćeno gramatičkom česticom (la, fa ili lasi), čestica će nositi oznaku roda i/ili broja umesto toga: :''la resimire'' [ty] brat, ''lā/la-a resimire'' [ta] sestra :''lá resimire'' [ty] bracia, ''láā/lá-a resimire'' [ty] sestry Časti řeči (jako i specifičnjejše definicije za něktora slova) se izvode iz glagol postavljanjem [[cirkumfleks|cirkumfleksa]] iznad jedne od sylab v pisanju, i izgovaranjem te sylaby s [[Glossary of music terminology#R|rinforzando]] (iznenadny naglasak ili [[Dynamics (music)#Gradual changes|crescendo]]). S naglaskom postavljenim na prvu sylabu, slovo postaje imenica. V četyri-sylabnyh slovah, naglašavanje druge sylaby stvara imenicu činitelja. [[Penult]]imna sylaba stvara prěvjesnik, a poslednja stvara prislov.{{r|lmu1866|p=25.XI}} Na pr., :''midofa'' preferovati, ''mîdofa'' preferencija, ''midôfa'' preferabilny, ''midofâ'' preferabilno :''resolmila'' nastaviti, ''rêsolmila'' nastavjenje, ''resôlmila'' jedny ktory nastavlja, ''resolmîla'' staly, ''resolmilâ'' stalno Na kompjuteryh koristajući rasporede klavijatur bez cirkumfleksa, sylaba może być napisana velikimi bukvami, ili [[caret]] postavljen medźu bukvy sylaby ili poslě sylaby. Zbog gramatike i slovoreda Solresola, razlikovanje častij řeči občno nije potrebno za razuměnje rečenice. Razne [[tense–aspect–mood|vremensko-načinske]] čestice su dvojne sylaby, kako je dato u slovniku iznad. Dodatno, po Gajewskom, pasivne glagoly se tvore s ''faremi'' medźu tom česticom i glagolom. Subjunktiv se tvori s ''mire'' pred zaimennikom. Negacija ''do'' se pojavljuje samo jednom v klauzi, pred slovom koje negira. Slovo ''fasi'' pred imenicom ili prěvjesnikom je [[augmentativ|augmentativno]]; poslě njega je [[Degrees of comparison of adjectives and adverbs|superlativ]]. ''Sifa'' je suprotnost ([[diminutiv|diminutivno]]):{{r|lmu1866|p=21.III}} :''fala'' dobro, ''fasi fala'' velmi dobro, ''fala fasi'' odlično, najbolje; ''sifa fala'' dobro (ali ne odlično), ''fala sifa'' ne velmi dobro (i slično s ''lafa'' zlo) :''sisire'' vjetar, ''fasi sisire'' oluja, ''sisire fasi'' ciklon; ''sifa sisire'' povjetarac, ''sisire sifa'' kretanje vazduha Pitanja Pitanja v Solresolu ne dobijaju mnogo pažnje u originalnoj dokumentaciji, niti imaju mnogo priměrov. Sudreova publikacija uključuje tri priměra upitnyh rečenic:{{r|lmu1866|p=127}} :Je vaše zdravlje dobro? – Redofafa? :Hoćete li ići na selo ove godine? – Fadoremi? :Hoćete li ići u pozorište večeras? – Soldoremi? Da bi se to stvorilo kao potvrdna izjava, dodaje se osobny zaimennik poslě: :Moje zdravlje je dobro. – Redofafa dore. :Ići ću na selo ove godine. – Fadoremi dore. :Ići ću u pozorište večeras. – Soldoremi dore. Gajewski umesto toga postavlja subjekt rečenice poslě glagola umesto pred glagolom, konstrukcija občna v evropskih jezycich. Nektery priměry su:{{R|grammar_eng|p=Interrogation and Negation}} :Jesam li? – Faremi dore? :Razumije li on? – Falafa dofa? :Učite li? – Sidosi domi? V vsih verzijah jezyka, postoje slova četyri sylaby duga, ponovljena "Mi" sekcija slovnika koja uključuje neka občna pitanja, taki jako:{{r|lmu1866|p=109.123}} :Miladodo? – Do kogo stepena/mjere? :Milarere? – Dobro? :Misirere? – Kto je to? ==Pismo Solresol== [[File:Solresol symbols.svg|thumb|Simboly Solresola]] Pismo koristano v Solresolu sastoji se od sedmih unikatnyh symbolov, vsaky predstavljajući jednu od sedmih "not". Na pr., "[[C (muzikalna nota)|Do]]" je krug, a "[[G (muzikalna nota)|Sol]]" je horizontalna linija. Slova Solresola se tvore povezivanjem symbolov v poredu kako se pojavljuju v slovu. Dvojne note se predstavljaju križanjem symbola. [[File:Solresol words.svg|thumb|Něktore osnovne slova Solresola]] Druge karakteristike Nepristrasny i relativno prosty Integrovane sistemy ([[znakovny jezyk|znakovny jezyk]], barvy, itd.) za većinu [[invaliditet|ometenj]], odmah operativne bez posebnogo učenja Brzo uspěšno učenje za nepismene (samo sedm sylab ili znakov ili deset bukv za znati i prepoznati) Vrlo prosty ali efektivny sistem za razlikovanje funkcij slov v rečenicah Koristajući [[tonic sol-fa]] sistem od [[John Curwen|Johna Curwena]], Solresol może też być [[znakovny jezyk|znakovano]]. Daljnji razvoj Drugi način koristania Solresola se naziva ''ses'', razvijen od [[C. George Boeree|C. Georgea Boereea]].<ref name="loan_words">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|title=Using loan words in Solresol|url=https://www.tumblr.com/sidosi/181390815161/using-loan-words-in-solresol|website=Tumblr|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251128152044if_/https://www.tumblr.com/sidosi/181390815161/using-loan-words-in-solresol|archive-date=2025-11-28|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Koristajući to, note dobijaju reprezentativne konsonante i vokale (ili diftongy). Najprostša slova koriste samo vokalu, dok vsa druga koriste složenjejšu strukturu sylab. do ⇒ p / o re ⇒ k / e mi ⇒ m / i fa ⇒ f / a sol ⇒ s / u la ⇒ l / au ti ⇒ t / ai Na ovaj način, można pisati ili izgovarati slova taki jako to: : sol-sol-re-do ⇒ suko (cvcv) – migrena Zato što se množina i ženske forme slov u Solresolu označavaju naglaskom ili dužinom glasov, ses koristi ''pau'' (nektory) ili ''fai'' (mnogo) za označavanje množiny, i ''mu'' (dobro) za označavanje ženskogo roda kogda je potrebno. == Kodiranje == Zahtev za [[ISO 639-3]] jezykovy kod, privremeno predloženy jako {{Code|sud}}, był upućen [[SIL Global|SIL-u]] 28 avgusta 2017,<ref name="sil_change">{{Cite web|author=SIL International|author-link=SIL Global|date=2017-08-28|title=ISO 639-3 Registration Authority Request for Change No. 2017-032|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032.pdf|website=ISO 639-3|publication-place=[[Dallas]]|format=PDF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605171450if_/https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032.pdf|archive-date=2019-06-05|archive-format=PDF|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="sil_new">{{Cite web|author=SIL International|author-link=SIL Global|date=2017-08-28|title=Request for New Language Code Element in ISO 639-3: [sud]|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032_sud.pdf|website=ISO 639-3|publication-place=[[Dallas]]|format=PDF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605171450if_/https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032_sud.pdf|archive-date=2019-06-05|archive-format=PDF|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="sidosi_request">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|date=2017-07-28|title=The Road to ISO 639-3|url=https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=310|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230829154231if_/https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=310|archive-date=2023-08-29|access-date=2018-10-22|df=mdy-all}}</ref> ale był odrinuły 23 janvara 2018.<ref name="sil_rejection">{{Cite web|author=SIL International|author-link=SIL Global|date=2018-01-23|title=Comments received for ISO 639-3 Change Request 2017-032|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/CR_Comments_2017-032.pdf|website=ISO 639-3|publication-place=[[Dallas]]|format=PDF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605171452if_/https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/CR_Comments_2017-032.pdf|archive-date=2019-06-05|archive-format=PDF|page=2|access-date=2019-09-27|df=mdy-all|quote=Zahtev za stvorenje koda [sud] za Solresol je odrinuły.}}</ref><ref name="sidosi_rejection">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|date=2018-02-01|title=Beyond ISO 639-3 (for now)|url=https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=350|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230829153926if_/https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=350|archive-date=2023-08-29|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Solresol je dobil kody {{Code|qso}} i {{Code|art-x-solresol}} v [[Codes for constructed languages|ConLang Code Registry]].<ref name="clcr">{{Cite web|last=Bettencourt|first=Rebecca G.|date=2015-01-08|title=ConLang Code Registry|url=https://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/|website=Kreative Korporation|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221127152005if_/http://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/|archive-date=2022-11-27|access-date=2021-04-06|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Sedm osnovnyh symbolov bylo predloženo za registraciju v [[ConScript Unicode Registry]].<ref name="csur">{{Cite web|last=Everson|first=Michael|author-link=Michael Everson|date=1997-01-21|title=Solresol: U+E770–U+E77F|url=https://www.evertype.com/standards/csur/solresol.html|website=ConScript Unicode Registry|publisher=Evertype|publication-place=[[Lecanvey]], [[Ireland]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417191120if_/https://www.evertype.com/standards/csur/solresol.html|archive-date=2021-04-17|access-date=2021-04-06|df=mdy-all}}</ref> == Priměrne teksty == ; Članok 1 ''[[Universalna deklaracija prav člověka|Universalnoj deklaracija prav člověka]]'' na medžuslovjanskom : ''Vsi ljudi rodet se svobodnymi i ravnymi v svojem dostojenstvu i pravah. Oni sut obdarjene razumom i svědomjem i muset postupati v odnošenju jedin k drugomu v duhu bratstva.'' ; Prěvod na Solresol : Siré misolredo faremi doredore domisimi re misóla, solfalafá dósila re réfasi. Dófa faremi remila fare dômilafa re dôfasifa, re fafa fasolfa midolǎ fare dômisola lasi sîmisila. ; Predstavjeno koristajuči ''ses'' Solresol : Sé muro fem pepe omúm e múl, salá ósau e éfai. Óf fem ril fe ômauf e ôfaif, e fa fuf ipǎu fe ômul lai âimail. == Gledite takože == * [[muzikalny jezyk]] * [[solfedžio]] * [[Tonic sol-fa]] * [[Voyage to Faremido]] * [[Ro jezyk]] ==Iztočniky== {{Iztočniky}} == Čitati dalje == * {{Cite book|last=Sudre|first=François|year=1866|title=Langue Musicale Universelle|url=http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/ladosol.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070831060525if_/http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/ladosol.html|archive-date=2007-08-31|publication-place=Paris|language=fr}} – HTML verzija celogo teksta Sudreovogo toma iz 1866, s originalnym [https://web.archive.org/web/20070831061613if_/http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/lrls_sosfs.html slovnikom] i [https://web.archive.org/web/20080310234035/http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/solrelaF.html frazeologijom] (v francozskom). * {{Cite book|last1=Couturat|first1=Louis|last2=Leau|first2=Léopold|year=1903|title=Histoire de la Langue Universelle|url=https://archive.org/details/histoiredelalang00coutuoft|publisher=Librairie Hachette|publication-place=[[Paris]]|language=fr|access-date=2025-11-28|df=mdy-all}} * {{Cite book|last=Eco|first=Umberto|author-link=Umberto Eco|date=1997-04-08|title=The Search for the Perfect Language|url=https://archive.org/details/searchforperfect00ecou|publisher=[[Wiley-Blackwell]]|publication-place=[[Cambridge, Massachusetts|Cambridge, Mass.]]|edition=1|series=The Making of Europe|isbn=978-0-631-20510-4|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}} ==Vněšnje linky== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20191115021254if_/https://www.omniglot.com/writing/solresol.htm Solresol jezyk i stenografično pismo] na Omniglot, online enciklopediji sistemov pisanja i jezykov * Anglijsko-Solresol slovniky od [https://web.archive.org/web/20250121193252if_/http://www.datapacrat.com/True/LANG/SOLRESOL/DICTIONA.HTM Jasona Hutchensa] (6 julija 1998) i [https://web.archive.org/web/20100923132246if_/http://www.ifost.org.au/~gregb/solresol/sorsolex.htm Stephena L. Ricea] (19 novembra 1997) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20231130083816if_/http://sharyphil.com/root/solresol-the-project/ SolReSol: Projekt v0.95] od Phila Sharyja, open source Solresol–anglijsky i anglijsky–Solresol překladateľsky program za Windows (32- i 64-bitny) s live MIDI podporom (24 februara 2015) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20250818235352if_/https://wiki.xxiivv.com/site/solresol.html Moderny Simetričny Solresol] od Davida Mondou-Labbého (28 septembra 2023) * [https://eliseduv.dev/solresol/ Překladač Anglijsky↔Solresol] {{Umětne jezyky}} [[Kategorija:1827 introdukcije]] [[Kategorija:Analitične jezyky]] [[Kategorija:Konstruovane jezyky]] [[Kategorija:Medžunarodne pomočne jezyky]] [[Kategorija:jezyky potvrđene od 1820-tyh]] [[Kategorija:muzikalne jezyky]] noc5y4fhd6pnafbrc1ym2cxysjhk9va 45636 45635 2026-08-13T09:22:21Z Ilja isv 10 /* Fonologija */ 45636 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kartka jezyk | name = Solresol | nativename = <center>''[[solfedžio]]'': Sol-Re-Sol</center> | image = Solresol-langage.svg | created = 1827 | creator = [[François Sudre|{{-|François Sudre|Франсуа Судр}}]] | fam1 = [[umětne jezyky]] | fam2 = [[Pomočny jezyk]], [[Umětne jezyky#A priori|a priori]] | fam3 = [[muzikalny jezyk]] | posteriori = [[Umětne jezyky#A priori|a priori]] | script = pismo Solresol ; [[solfedžio]]; [[noty]]; [[barvy spektra]] | sign = Podpisana notacija; [[tonic sol-fa]] znaky od [[John Curwen]] | iso3 = qso | iso3comment = [https://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/ (lokalno koristane)] | glotto = none | ietf = [https://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/ art-x-solresol] }} '''Solresol''' ([[solfedžio]]: [[G (muzikalna nota)|Sol]]-[[D (muzikalna nota)|Re]]-[[G (muzikalna nota)|Sol]]), prvonačelno nazyvany {{Lang|fr|Langue universelle}} (bukv. 'Universalny jezyk') a potom {{Lang|fr|Langue musicale universelle}} ('Universalny muzikalny jezyk'), je [[muzikalny jezyk|muzikalny]] [[umětny jezyk]] stvorjeny od francozskogo učiteľa musiky i kompozitora [[François Sudre|Jean-Françoisa Sudrea]] (1787–1862), počinajući v 1817. Njegova kniga definujuća to, {{Lang|fr|Langue Musicale Universelle}}, była publikovana posmrtno v 1866,<ref name="lmu1866">{{Cite book|last=Sudre|first=François|year=1866|title=Langue Musicale Universelle|url=https://www.ifost.org.au/~gregb/solresol/sudre-book.pdf|format=PDF|url-status=live|publication-place=[[Paris]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320142510if_/http://www.ifost.org.au/~gregb/solresol/sudre-book.pdf|archive-date=2012-03-20|archive-format=PDF|language=fr|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> iako je on već několik godin publiciral to. Solresol doživil kratky čas popularnosti v drugej polovici 19. stolěća i był sponzorovan od takyh osob jako [[Victor Hugo]], [[Alphonse de Lamartine]], [[Alexander von Humboldt]] i [[Napoleon III]],<ref name="pei">{{Cite book|last=Pei|first=Mario|author-link=Mario Pei|year=1969|title=Wanted: A World Language|type=Pamphlet|series=Public Affairs|volume=434|pages=11–12|publisher=Public Affairs Committee|publication-place=[[New York City]]|url=http://www.autodidactproject.org/other/pei_worldlg.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180125230417if_/http://www.autodidactproject.org/other/pei_worldlg.html|archive-date=2018-01-25|access-date=2025-11-28|df=mdy-all}}</ref> kulminujući s publikacijom [[Boleslas Gajewski|Boleslasa Gajewskogo]] {{Lang|fr|Grammaire du Solresol}} v 1902. Dnes, postoje male komunity entuzijastov Solresola rozsypane po cělem světě.<ref name="sidosi">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|title=Sidosi Home|url=https://www.sidosi.org/|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004090845if_/https://www.sidosi.org/|archive-date=2023-10-04|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> == Evolucija == Postoji několik verzij Solresola, každá s malymi razlikami. Tri glavne varijacije ktore su ješte v oběgu—Sudre, Gajewski i "Modern"—razlikuju se pretežno v različnyh elementah slovnika, a složaju se pretežno o gramatike. Sudre je stvoril jezyk, i tako njegova verzija zaslužuje nazv byti originalnom verzijom Solresola. Vincent Gajewski, parizsky profesor, popularizoval jezyk jako predsednik Centralnogo Komiteta za Studium i Napredovanje Solresola, ktory był osnovan v 1869 od Sudreove udovy, Joséphine, da bi dalje promoviral njegovo dělo. Boleslas Gajewski, Vincentov syn i sam profesor, formalizoval gramatiku i napisal definitivno dělo o jezyka: {{Language with name/for|fr|Grammaire du Solrésol|Gramatika Solresola}}.<ref name="grammar_eng">{{Cite web|last1=Gajewski|first1=Boleslas|last2=Rice|first2=Stephen L.|date=1997-11-19|orig-date=printed 1902 as {{Lang|fr|Grammaire du Solrésol}}, translated 1997|title=Grammar of Solresol, or the Universal Language of François Sudre|url=http://www.ptialaska.net/~srice/solresol/sorsoeng.htm|website=Stephen L. Rice: The Solresol Page|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070413035441if_/http://www.ptialaska.net/~srice/solresol/sorsoeng.htm|archive-date=2007-04-13|access-date=2019-09-29|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="grammar_pdf">{{Cite web|last=Gajewski|first=Boleslas|editor-last1=Rice|editor-first1=Stephen L.|editor-last2=Bigham|editor-first2=Doug|year=2005|orig-date=printed 1902 as {{Lang|fr|Grammaire du Solrésol}}, translated 1997 (Rice), revised 2005 (Bigham)|title=Grammar of Solresol, or the Universal Language of François Sudre|url=https://i.sidosi.org/resources/grammar-of-solresol-bigham/grammar-of-solresol-bigham.pdf|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217001045if_/https://i.sidosi.org/resources/grammar-of-solresol-bigham/grammar-of-solresol-bigham.pdf|archive-date=2019-12-17|access-date=2019-12-16|df=mdy-all}}</ref> To je najviše publicirana verzija Solresola, zahvaljujući překladu na anglijsky od Stephena L. Ricea iz 1997,{{R|grammar_pdf}}{{R|grammar_eng}} s znatnom količinom slovnika izměnjenogo od originala, kao i něktore gramatike. Jedny priměr je slovo ''fasol'', definovano kao "tutaj" v Sudreovom slovniku, ale "začto?" v Gajewskom. Tretja je neoficijalna verzija razvijana vremenom od komunity, nazvana "Moderny Solresol". Ona koristi Sudreovu verziju kao bazu, s prilagodbami gramatike i slovnika, takimi jako izměna definicij ''sisol'' i ''sila'' od značenja "Gospodin" i "Mlady muž" na sistem [[honorifik|honorifikov]] inspiriran onym koristanym v japonščině; oba su rodno-neutralne titule, jedna za byti poštivy, a druga za byti ljubazny.<ref name="Modern Solresol Dictionary">{{Cite web|last1=Osteen|first1=Garrison|last2=Walters|first2=Scott|last3=Parson|first3=Daniel|last4=Fernandez|first4=Tobias|date=2018-03-12|title=Solresol Dictionary Modernised|url=https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/182okssrHseIggjHGlzWyFH81-o8y8EsvQtJfPJYu6r8/edit|format=XLSX|website=Google Sheets|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250829164017if_/https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/182okssrHseIggjHGlzWyFH81-o8y8EsvQtJfPJYu6r8/edit|archive-date=2025-08-29|archive-format=XLSX|access-date=2019-12-22|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Gajewskogo publikacija donesla razne dodatky ktore ne konfliktu s originalnom verzijom jezyka, taki jako razne nove metody komunikacije,{{R|grammar_pdf|p=16}} vključujući: skup symbolov koristane sedmih barv duhy, i koristane [[tonic sol-fa]] za signiranje jezyka ==Fonologija== [[File:Solresol.svg|thumb|right|Sedm konvencionalnyh not, barv, sylab, čisel i glifov koristanyh za prenos fonemov Solresola]] Solresol może być komunikovany koristajući sedm različnyh predmetov, s maksimumom pet na slovo. Statistički, ty kombinacije daju sedm jedno-sylabnyh slov, 49 dvuh-sylabnyh, 336 tri-sylabnyh, 2.268 četyr-sylabnyh i 9.072 pet-sylabnyh, za ukupno 11.732 mogućih primarnyh slov.<ref name="pei" /> Glavna metoda komunikacije je koristane sedmih [[solfedžio]] sylab (forma [[solmizacija|solmizacije]]), ktore mogu byti akcentovane, prodloužene ili ponovljene. Najprostši način koristati ty sylaby je govoriti ih jako by one byly regularne [[sylaba|sylaby]]. {{Trěba iztočnik|Zbog togo že predchádza [[Medžunarodny fonetičny alfabet|MFA]], ne postoje posebna pravila izgovora izvan standardnyh čitanj solfège. Zbog togo že vsaka sylaba je dovoljno odlična, mogu byti izgovorjene skoro vsakym sposobom, ktory čitatej preferuje.}} Sudre je izložil način transkripcije fonetiky francozskogo (i tako mnogih drugih jezykov) do Solresola, primarno koristany za vlastne imenice.{{r|lmu1866|p=32}} Koristajući občne izgovory kako su dane od strane [[Wiktionary|Vikislovnika]], je moguće rekonstruovati tabulu glasov koristajući modernu IPA. Zbog malog broja sylab, je potrebno ostaviti kratku pauzu medźu slovami tako da vsako slovo ostane jasno odvojeno. Kako je primetil Boleslas Gajewski: "člověk bi měl věnovati veliku pozornost pauzi po vsakom slovu; ta mala pauza je potrebna za odvajanje slov, tako da slušatelj ne bude zbunjen".{{R|grammar_eng|p=Reversed meanings}} ===Slovnik=== V Solresol [[morfologija (lingvistika)|morfologiji]], vsako slovo je poděleno na kategorije ili značenja ili funkcije, gdźe duža slova su občno specifičnjejša. Slova se razlikuju po treh glavnyh karakteristikah: početnoj sylabě, dužině slova, i tomu da li ima par ponovljenih sylab. Slova koja su jedna i dve sylaby duge su koristana za [[Zaimennik|zaimenniky]] i občne [[Gramatična čestica|čestice]], a ty s ponovljenimi sylabami su [[Gramatično vreme|vremena]]. Slova koja su jednu sylabu duga su posvećena slovima ktora su često koristana (v času stvorenja Solresola). Ty ktore uključuju ponavljajuće sylaby su rezervovane za "čisla, měsece goda, dni neděle i temperatury [pogodne uslove]", na pr. redodo "jedny", remimi "dva" (po Gajewskom). Slova koja su četyri sylaby duga spadaju v razne tematske kategorije. Na pr., slova počinjuća s 'sol', koja ne uključuju ponovljene sylaby, imaju značenja vezana za umetnosti ili nauky (na pr. soldoredo, "umetnost"; solmiredo, "akustika").{{r|lmu1866|p=22.V}} Však, ako slova koja su četyri sylaby duga imaju par ponovljenih sylab, njihova značenja se odnose na bolesti ili medicinu (na pr. solsolredo, "migrena"; solreresol, "ospice").{{r|lmu1866|p=23.VI}} Točnjejše, klase bez ponovljenih sylab su: ''do'': člověk, njegovo tělo i duh, intelektualne sposobnosti, kvalitete i hrana; ''re'': odeća, dom, domaćinstvo i porodica; ''mi'': činjenja človeka i njegove mane; ''fa'': selo, putovanja, vojna, more; ''sol'': lepe umetnosti i nauky; ''la'': industrija i trgovina; ''si'': město, vlada i administracija. S ponovljenimi sylabami, iste sylaby daju: ''do'': religija; ''re'': konstrukcija i razne obrti; ''mi'': predlogi, prislovne fraze i izolovane prislovy; ''fa'': bolesti; ''sol'': bolesti (nast.); ''la'': industrija i trgovina (jako u tipu bez ponavljanja); ''si'': pravda, magistratura i sudovi. Konačno, kombinacije pet sylab označavaju životinje, rośliny i minerale. Po defaultu, vse žive imenice i zaimenniky podrazuměvaju da su mužskogo roda. Za razlikovanje ženskogo roda, bar, [[pomišljaj|pomišljaj]] ili [[makron (diakritika)|makron]] se dodaje na konačnu sylabu odgovarajućeg člena ili samogo slova. V govoru, to se označava ponavljanjem vokala sylaby, s [[glotalna stop|glotalnom stopom]] koja odvaja ponovljenu vokalu od ostatka slova.{{r|lmu1866|p=24}} Však, v modernyh překladah, zaimenniky se ne měnje v zavisnosti od [[Gramatičny rod|roda]]. Umesto toga, oni se prosto prevode na anglijsky kao neutralne zaimenniky; it i they. Jedna unikatna karakteristika Solresola je da značenja mogu byti obrnuta obrtanjem sylab v slovah. Na pr. ''fala'' znači dobro ili ukusno, a ''lafa'' znači zlo. Prekidi v logičkom poredu slov v vsakoj kategoriji su občno uzrokovani tymi obrtivymi slovami.{{r|lmu1866|p=31.XXI}} {| style="background: transparent; border: hidden;" | style="padding: 0 2em;" | {| class="wikitable" | [[File:Solresol - misol.jpg|x88px]] | [[File:Solresol - solmi.jpg|x88px]] |- | style="text-align: center;" | '''misol''': "dobro" | style="text-align: center;" | '''solmi''': "zlo" |} | style="padding-left: 2em;" | {| class="wikitable" | [[File:Solresol - domisol.jpg|x88px]] | [[File:Solresol - solmido.jpg|x88px]] |- | style="text-align: center;" | '''domisol''': "[[Bog]]" | style="text-align: center;" | '''solmido''': "[[Djavol]]" |} |} Však, ne vsa slova su obrtiva v tom smyslu, taki jako ''dorefare'' znači vrat, a ''refaredo'' znači garderoba, ktore očigledno nisu suprotnosti. Slědujuća tabula pokazuje slova do dvuh sylab iz Gajewskogo slovnika: {| class="wikitable" ! {{Diagonal split header|style=height: 3em; width: 7em|1. syl.|2. syl.}} ! ''Nijedna'' ! style="background-color: #f69;" | -do ! style="background-color: #f96;" | -re ! style="background-color: #ff9;" | -mi ! style="background-color: #9f6;" | -fa ! style="background-color: #9ff;" | -sol ! style="background-color: #96f;" | -la ! style="background-color: #f9f;" | -si/-ti |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #f69;" | Do- | style="background-color: #f69;" | ne, ni, niti | style="background-color: #f69;" | (prošlo) | ja, mene || ty [sg] || on || se, sebe || jedny, někto || drugy |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #f96;" | Re- | style="background-color: #f96;" | i, tak jako | moj, moje | style="background-color: #f96;" | (pluperfekt) | tvoj, tvoje [sg] || njegov || naš, naše || vaš, vaše [pl] || njihov |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #ff9;" | Mi- | style="background-color: #ff9;" | ili, ili čak | za, da bi/da || ktory, koja (odnos. zaim.), že (veznik) | style="background-color: #ff9;" | (buduće) | čij, čija || dobro (prisl.) || tutaj je/tu je, gle || dobar večer/noć |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #9f6;" | Fa- | style="background-color: #9f6;" | k, ka | što? || s, sa, zajedno || ovaj, ova, ovo | style="background-color: #9f6;" | (kond.) | začto, iz kog razloga || dobro, ukusno, slasno || mnogo, velmi, krajno |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #9ff;" | Sol- | style="background-color: #9ff;" | ako | ale || v, unutra || zlo, loše (prisl.) || zato, jer | style="background-color: #9ff;" | (imperativ) | věčno, vsegda, bez konca || hvala, hvaly |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #96f;" | <span style="color: #000;">La-</span> | style="background-color: #96f;" | <span style="color: #000;">ty (člen)</span> | ničto, nikto, nijedny || od, po || tutaj, tam || zlo, loše || nikogda, nikad | style="background-color: #96f;" | <span style="color: #000;">(prezentni participij)</span> || od, iz |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #f9f;"| Si-/Ti- | style="background-color: #f9f;" | da, dobro, rado, složeno | isto (stvar) | vsaky, každy | dobro jutro/popoldne | malo, jedva |gospodin, pan |mlady muž, neženja | style="background-color: #f9f;" | <span style="color: #000;">(pasivny participij)</span> |} Određeny člen ima razne forme za [[Nominativ|nominativny]], [[Genitiv|genitivny]] i [[Dativ|dativny]] padež, ili, v anglijskom, za "the", "to the" i "of the": 'la', 'fa' i 'lasi', po redu.{{r|lmu1866|p=23-24.VII-VIII}} ==Gramatika== Osim naglaska i dužiny, slova Solresola se ne inflektuju. Da bi rečenice ostale jasne, posebno s mogućnošću gubitka informacij pri komunikaciji, odredjene časti řeči sleduju strog slovored. :Prěvjesniki vsegda sleduju imenicu ktoru određuju. :Nepremni objekty vsegda dolaze poslě glagola.{{r|lmu1866|p=26.XII}} :Priměry dane v originalnoj dokumentaciji ukazuju na [[subjekt–glagol–objekt slovored|slovored subjekt–glagol–objekt]],{{R|lmu1866|p=29.XVII}} však, to ne bi mělo imati značenje dok rečenica ostaje prosta i jasna. :Vremena vsegda prethode glagolom.{{r|lmu1866|p=30.XIX}} Da bi se slovo stvorilo u množini, [[akút|akútny naglasak]] se dodaje iznad poslednje sylaby, ktory se v govoru izgovara produženjem poslednje bukvy te sylaby.{{r|lmu1866|p=24.IX}} Priměry kako označiti množinu mužskih i ženskih slov: :''resimire'' brat, ''resimirē/resimire-e'' sestra :''resimiré'' bracia, ''resimiréē/resimiré-e'' sestry To utiče samo na prvo slovo v [[imenična fraza|imeničnoj frazi]]. To jest, utiče samo na imenicu kada je imenica sama, jako iznad. Ako je slovo popraćeno gramatičkom česticom (la, fa ili lasi), čestica će nositi oznaku roda i/ili broja umesto toga: :''la resimire'' [ty] brat, ''lā/la-a resimire'' [ta] sestra :''lá resimire'' [ty] bracia, ''láā/lá-a resimire'' [ty] sestry Časti řeči (jako i specifičnjejše definicije za něktora slova) se izvode iz glagol postavljanjem [[cirkumfleks|cirkumfleksa]] iznad jedne od sylab v pisanju, i izgovaranjem te sylaby s [[Glossary of music terminology#R|rinforzando]] (iznenadny naglasak ili [[Dynamics (music)#Gradual changes|crescendo]]). S naglaskom postavljenim na prvu sylabu, slovo postaje imenica. V četyri-sylabnyh slovah, naglašavanje druge sylaby stvara imenicu činitelja. [[Penult]]imna sylaba stvara prěvjesnik, a poslednja stvara prislov.{{r|lmu1866|p=25.XI}} Na pr., :''midofa'' preferovati, ''mîdofa'' preferencija, ''midôfa'' preferabilny, ''midofâ'' preferabilno :''resolmila'' nastaviti, ''rêsolmila'' nastavjenje, ''resôlmila'' jedny ktory nastavlja, ''resolmîla'' staly, ''resolmilâ'' stalno Na kompjuteryh koristajući rasporede klavijatur bez cirkumfleksa, sylaba może być napisana velikimi bukvami, ili [[caret]] postavljen medźu bukvy sylaby ili poslě sylaby. Zbog gramatike i slovoreda Solresola, razlikovanje častij řeči občno nije potrebno za razuměnje rečenice. Razne [[tense–aspect–mood|vremensko-načinske]] čestice su dvojne sylaby, kako je dato u slovniku iznad. Dodatno, po Gajewskom, pasivne glagoly se tvore s ''faremi'' medźu tom česticom i glagolom. Subjunktiv se tvori s ''mire'' pred zaimennikom. Negacija ''do'' se pojavljuje samo jednom v klauzi, pred slovom koje negira. Slovo ''fasi'' pred imenicom ili prěvjesnikom je [[augmentativ|augmentativno]]; poslě njega je [[Degrees of comparison of adjectives and adverbs|superlativ]]. ''Sifa'' je suprotnost ([[diminutiv|diminutivno]]):{{r|lmu1866|p=21.III}} :''fala'' dobro, ''fasi fala'' velmi dobro, ''fala fasi'' odlično, najbolje; ''sifa fala'' dobro (ali ne odlično), ''fala sifa'' ne velmi dobro (i slično s ''lafa'' zlo) :''sisire'' vjetar, ''fasi sisire'' oluja, ''sisire fasi'' ciklon; ''sifa sisire'' povjetarac, ''sisire sifa'' kretanje vazduha Pitanja Pitanja v Solresolu ne dobijaju mnogo pažnje u originalnoj dokumentaciji, niti imaju mnogo priměrov. Sudreova publikacija uključuje tri priměra upitnyh rečenic:{{r|lmu1866|p=127}} :Je vaše zdravlje dobro? – Redofafa? :Hoćete li ići na selo ove godine? – Fadoremi? :Hoćete li ići u pozorište večeras? – Soldoremi? Da bi se to stvorilo kao potvrdna izjava, dodaje se osobny zaimennik poslě: :Moje zdravlje je dobro. – Redofafa dore. :Ići ću na selo ove godine. – Fadoremi dore. :Ići ću u pozorište večeras. – Soldoremi dore. Gajewski umesto toga postavlja subjekt rečenice poslě glagola umesto pred glagolom, konstrukcija občna v evropskih jezycich. Nektery priměry su:{{R|grammar_eng|p=Interrogation and Negation}} :Jesam li? – Faremi dore? :Razumije li on? – Falafa dofa? :Učite li? – Sidosi domi? V vsih verzijah jezyka, postoje slova četyri sylaby duga, ponovljena "Mi" sekcija slovnika koja uključuje neka občna pitanja, taki jako:{{r|lmu1866|p=109.123}} :Miladodo? – Do kogo stepena/mjere? :Milarere? – Dobro? :Misirere? – Kto je to? ==Pismo Solresol== [[File:Solresol symbols.svg|thumb|Simboly Solresola]] Pismo koristano v Solresolu sastoji se od sedmih unikatnyh symbolov, vsaky predstavljajući jednu od sedmih "not". Na pr., "[[C (muzikalna nota)|Do]]" je krug, a "[[G (muzikalna nota)|Sol]]" je horizontalna linija. Slova Solresola se tvore povezivanjem symbolov v poredu kako se pojavljuju v slovu. Dvojne note se predstavljaju križanjem symbola. [[File:Solresol words.svg|thumb|Něktore osnovne slova Solresola]] Druge karakteristike Nepristrasny i relativno prosty Integrovane sistemy ([[znakovny jezyk|znakovny jezyk]], barvy, itd.) za većinu [[invaliditet|ometenj]], odmah operativne bez posebnogo učenja Brzo uspěšno učenje za nepismene (samo sedm sylab ili znakov ili deset bukv za znati i prepoznati) Vrlo prosty ali efektivny sistem za razlikovanje funkcij slov v rečenicah Koristajući [[tonic sol-fa]] sistem od [[John Curwen|Johna Curwena]], Solresol może też być [[znakovny jezyk|znakovano]]. Daljnji razvoj Drugi način koristania Solresola se naziva ''ses'', razvijen od [[C. George Boeree|C. Georgea Boereea]].<ref name="loan_words">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|title=Using loan words in Solresol|url=https://www.tumblr.com/sidosi/181390815161/using-loan-words-in-solresol|website=Tumblr|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251128152044if_/https://www.tumblr.com/sidosi/181390815161/using-loan-words-in-solresol|archive-date=2025-11-28|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Koristajući to, note dobijaju reprezentativne konsonante i vokale (ili diftongy). Najprostša slova koriste samo vokalu, dok vsa druga koriste složenjejšu strukturu sylab. do ⇒ p / o re ⇒ k / e mi ⇒ m / i fa ⇒ f / a sol ⇒ s / u la ⇒ l / au ti ⇒ t / ai Na ovaj način, można pisati ili izgovarati slova taki jako to: : sol-sol-re-do ⇒ suko (cvcv) – migrena Zato što se množina i ženske forme slov u Solresolu označavaju naglaskom ili dužinom glasov, ses koristi ''pau'' (nektory) ili ''fai'' (mnogo) za označavanje množiny, i ''mu'' (dobro) za označavanje ženskogo roda kogda je potrebno. == Kodiranje == Zahtev za [[ISO 639-3]] jezykovy kod, privremeno predloženy jako {{Code|sud}}, był upućen [[SIL Global|SIL-u]] 28 avgusta 2017,<ref name="sil_change">{{Cite web|author=SIL International|author-link=SIL Global|date=2017-08-28|title=ISO 639-3 Registration Authority Request for Change No. 2017-032|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032.pdf|website=ISO 639-3|publication-place=[[Dallas]]|format=PDF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605171450if_/https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032.pdf|archive-date=2019-06-05|archive-format=PDF|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="sil_new">{{Cite web|author=SIL International|author-link=SIL Global|date=2017-08-28|title=Request for New Language Code Element in ISO 639-3: [sud]|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032_sud.pdf|website=ISO 639-3|publication-place=[[Dallas]]|format=PDF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605171450if_/https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032_sud.pdf|archive-date=2019-06-05|archive-format=PDF|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="sidosi_request">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|date=2017-07-28|title=The Road to ISO 639-3|url=https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=310|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230829154231if_/https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=310|archive-date=2023-08-29|access-date=2018-10-22|df=mdy-all}}</ref> ale był odrinuły 23 janvara 2018.<ref name="sil_rejection">{{Cite web|author=SIL International|author-link=SIL Global|date=2018-01-23|title=Comments received for ISO 639-3 Change Request 2017-032|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/CR_Comments_2017-032.pdf|website=ISO 639-3|publication-place=[[Dallas]]|format=PDF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605171452if_/https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/CR_Comments_2017-032.pdf|archive-date=2019-06-05|archive-format=PDF|page=2|access-date=2019-09-27|df=mdy-all|quote=Zahtev za stvorenje koda [sud] za Solresol je odrinuły.}}</ref><ref name="sidosi_rejection">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|date=2018-02-01|title=Beyond ISO 639-3 (for now)|url=https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=350|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230829153926if_/https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=350|archive-date=2023-08-29|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Solresol je dobil kody {{Code|qso}} i {{Code|art-x-solresol}} v [[Codes for constructed languages|ConLang Code Registry]].<ref name="clcr">{{Cite web|last=Bettencourt|first=Rebecca G.|date=2015-01-08|title=ConLang Code Registry|url=https://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/|website=Kreative Korporation|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221127152005if_/http://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/|archive-date=2022-11-27|access-date=2021-04-06|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Sedm osnovnyh symbolov bylo predloženo za registraciju v [[ConScript Unicode Registry]].<ref name="csur">{{Cite web|last=Everson|first=Michael|author-link=Michael Everson|date=1997-01-21|title=Solresol: U+E770–U+E77F|url=https://www.evertype.com/standards/csur/solresol.html|website=ConScript Unicode Registry|publisher=Evertype|publication-place=[[Lecanvey]], [[Ireland]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417191120if_/https://www.evertype.com/standards/csur/solresol.html|archive-date=2021-04-17|access-date=2021-04-06|df=mdy-all}}</ref> == Priměrne teksty == ; Članok 1 ''[[Universalna deklaracija prav člověka|Universalnoj deklaracija prav člověka]]'' na medžuslovjanskom : ''Vsi ljudi rodet se svobodnymi i ravnymi v svojem dostojenstvu i pravah. Oni sut obdarjene razumom i svědomjem i muset postupati v odnošenju jedin k drugomu v duhu bratstva.'' ; Prěvod na Solresol : Siré misolredo faremi doredore domisimi re misóla, solfalafá dósila re réfasi. Dófa faremi remila fare dômilafa re dôfasifa, re fafa fasolfa midolǎ fare dômisola lasi sîmisila. ; Predstavjeno koristajuči ''ses'' Solresol : Sé muro fem pepe omúm e múl, salá ósau e éfai. Óf fem ril fe ômauf e ôfaif, e fa fuf ipǎu fe ômul lai âimail. == Gledite takože == * [[muzikalny jezyk]] * [[solfedžio]] * [[Tonic sol-fa]] * [[Voyage to Faremido]] * [[Ro jezyk]] ==Iztočniky== {{Iztočniky}} == Čitati dalje == * {{Cite book|last=Sudre|first=François|year=1866|title=Langue Musicale Universelle|url=http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/ladosol.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070831060525if_/http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/ladosol.html|archive-date=2007-08-31|publication-place=Paris|language=fr}} – HTML verzija celogo teksta Sudreovogo toma iz 1866, s originalnym [https://web.archive.org/web/20070831061613if_/http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/lrls_sosfs.html slovnikom] i [https://web.archive.org/web/20080310234035/http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/solrelaF.html frazeologijom] (v francozskom). * {{Cite book|last1=Couturat|first1=Louis|last2=Leau|first2=Léopold|year=1903|title=Histoire de la Langue Universelle|url=https://archive.org/details/histoiredelalang00coutuoft|publisher=Librairie Hachette|publication-place=[[Paris]]|language=fr|access-date=2025-11-28|df=mdy-all}} * {{Cite book|last=Eco|first=Umberto|author-link=Umberto Eco|date=1997-04-08|title=The Search for the Perfect Language|url=https://archive.org/details/searchforperfect00ecou|publisher=[[Wiley-Blackwell]]|publication-place=[[Cambridge, Massachusetts|Cambridge, Mass.]]|edition=1|series=The Making of Europe|isbn=978-0-631-20510-4|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}} ==Vněšnje linky== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20191115021254if_/https://www.omniglot.com/writing/solresol.htm Solresol jezyk i stenografično pismo] na Omniglot, online enciklopediji sistemov pisanja i jezykov * Anglijsko-Solresol slovniky od [https://web.archive.org/web/20250121193252if_/http://www.datapacrat.com/True/LANG/SOLRESOL/DICTIONA.HTM Jasona Hutchensa] (6 julija 1998) i [https://web.archive.org/web/20100923132246if_/http://www.ifost.org.au/~gregb/solresol/sorsolex.htm Stephena L. Ricea] (19 novembra 1997) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20231130083816if_/http://sharyphil.com/root/solresol-the-project/ SolReSol: Projekt v0.95] od Phila Sharyja, open source Solresol–anglijsky i anglijsky–Solresol překladateľsky program za Windows (32- i 64-bitny) s live MIDI podporom (24 februara 2015) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20250818235352if_/https://wiki.xxiivv.com/site/solresol.html Moderny Simetričny Solresol] od Davida Mondou-Labbého (28 septembra 2023) * [https://eliseduv.dev/solresol/ Překladač Anglijsky↔Solresol] {{Umětne jezyky}} [[Kategorija:1827 introdukcije]] [[Kategorija:Analitične jezyky]] [[Kategorija:Konstruovane jezyky]] [[Kategorija:Medžunarodne pomočne jezyky]] [[Kategorija:jezyky potvrđene od 1820-tyh]] [[Kategorija:muzikalne jezyky]] bxi7i6h2tfgf3klkul4lg0n6cciimf9 45637 45636 2026-08-13T09:30:08Z Ilja isv 10 45637 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kartka jezyk | name = Solresol | nativename = <center>''[[solfedžio]]'': Sol-Re-Sol</center> | image = Solresol-langage.svg | created = 1827 | creator = [[François Sudre|{{-|François Sudre|Франсуа Судр}}]] | fam1 = [[umětne jezyky]] | fam2 = [[Pomočny jezyk]], [[Umětne jezyky#A priori|a priori]] | fam3 = [[muzikalny jezyk]] | posteriori = [[Umětne jezyky#A priori|a priori]] | script = pismo Solresol ; [[solfedžio]]; [[noty]]; [[barvy spektra]] | sign = Podpisana notacija; [[tonic sol-fa]] znaky od [[John Curwen]] | iso3 = qso | iso3comment = [https://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/ (lokalno koristane)] | glotto = none | ietf = [https://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/ art-x-solresol] }} '''Solresol''' ([[solfedžio]]: [[G (muzikalna nota)|Sol]]-[[D (muzikalna nota)|Re]]-[[G (muzikalna nota)|Sol]]), prvonačelno nazyvany {{Lang|fr|Langue universelle}} (bukv. 'Universalny jezyk') a potom {{Lang|fr|Langue musicale universelle}} ('Universalny muzikalny jezyk'), je [[muzikalny jezyk|muzikalny]] [[umětny jezyk]] stvorjeny od francozskogo učiteľa musiky i kompozitora [[François Sudre|Jean-Françoisa Sudrea]] (1787–1862), počinajući v 1817. Njegova kniga definujuća to, {{Lang|fr|Langue Musicale Universelle}}, była publikovana posmrtno v 1866,<ref name="lmu1866">{{Cite book|last=Sudre|first=François|year=1866|title=Langue Musicale Universelle|url=https://www.ifost.org.au/~gregb/solresol/sudre-book.pdf|format=PDF|url-status=live|publication-place=[[Paris]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320142510if_/http://www.ifost.org.au/~gregb/solresol/sudre-book.pdf|archive-date=2012-03-20|archive-format=PDF|language=fr|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> iako je on već několik godin publiciral to. Solresol doživil kratky čas popularnosti v drugej polovici 19. stolěća i był sponzorovan od takyh osob jako [[Victor Hugo]], [[Alphonse de Lamartine]], [[Alexander von Humboldt]] i [[Napoleon III]],<ref name="pei">{{Cite book|last=Pei|first=Mario|author-link=Mario Pei|year=1969|title=Wanted: A World Language|type=Pamphlet|series=Public Affairs|volume=434|pages=11–12|publisher=Public Affairs Committee|publication-place=[[New York City]]|url=http://www.autodidactproject.org/other/pei_worldlg.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180125230417if_/http://www.autodidactproject.org/other/pei_worldlg.html|archive-date=2018-01-25|access-date=2025-11-28|df=mdy-all}}</ref> kulminujući s publikacijom [[Boleslas Gajewski|Boleslasa Gajewskogo]] {{Lang|fr|Grammaire du Solresol}} v 1902. Dnes, postoje male komunity entuzijastov Solresola rozsypane po cělem světě.<ref name="sidosi">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|title=Sidosi Home|url=https://www.sidosi.org/|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004090845if_/https://www.sidosi.org/|archive-date=2023-10-04|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> == Evolucija == Postoji několik verzij Solresola, každá s malymi razlikami. Tri glavne varijacije ktore su ješte v oběgu—Sudre, Gajewski i "Modern"—razlikuju se pretežno v različnyh elementah slovnika, a složaju se pretežno o gramatike. Sudre je stvoril jezyk, i tako njegova verzija zaslužuje nazv byti originalnom verzijom Solresola. Vincent Gajewski, parizsky profesor, popularizoval jezyk jako predsednik Centralnogo Komiteta za Studium i Napredovanje Solresola, ktory był osnovan v 1869 od Sudreove udovy, Joséphine, da bi dalje promoviral njegovo dělo. Boleslas Gajewski, Vincentov syn i sam profesor, formalizoval gramatiku i napisal definitivno dělo o jezyka: {{Language with name/for|fr|Grammaire du Solrésol|Gramatika Solresola}}.<ref name="grammar_eng">{{Cite web|last1=Gajewski|first1=Boleslas|last2=Rice|first2=Stephen L.|date=1997-11-19|orig-date=printed 1902 as {{Lang|fr|Grammaire du Solrésol}}, translated 1997|title=Grammar of Solresol, or the Universal Language of François Sudre|url=http://www.ptialaska.net/~srice/solresol/sorsoeng.htm|website=Stephen L. Rice: The Solresol Page|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070413035441if_/http://www.ptialaska.net/~srice/solresol/sorsoeng.htm|archive-date=2007-04-13|access-date=2019-09-29|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="grammar_pdf">{{Cite web|last=Gajewski|first=Boleslas|editor-last1=Rice|editor-first1=Stephen L.|editor-last2=Bigham|editor-first2=Doug|year=2005|orig-date=printed 1902 as {{Lang|fr|Grammaire du Solrésol}}, translated 1997 (Rice), revised 2005 (Bigham)|title=Grammar of Solresol, or the Universal Language of François Sudre|url=https://i.sidosi.org/resources/grammar-of-solresol-bigham/grammar-of-solresol-bigham.pdf|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217001045if_/https://i.sidosi.org/resources/grammar-of-solresol-bigham/grammar-of-solresol-bigham.pdf|archive-date=2019-12-17|access-date=2019-12-16|df=mdy-all}}</ref> To je najviše publicirana verzija Solresola, zahvaljujući překladu na anglijsky od Stephena L. Ricea iz 1997,<ref name="grammar_pdf"/>{<ref name="grammar_eng"/> s znatnom količinom slovnika izměnjenogo od originala, kao i něktore gramatike. Jedny priměr je slovo ''fasol'', definovano kao "tutaj" v Sudreovom slovniku, ale "začto?" v Gajewskom. Tretja je neoficijalna verzija razvijana vremenom od komunity, nazvana "Moderny Solresol". Ona koristi Sudreovu verziju kao bazu, s prilagodbami gramatike i slovnika, takimi jako izměna definicij ''sisol'' i ''sila'' od značenja "Gospodin" i "Mlady muž" na sistem [[honorifik|honorifikov]] inspiriran onym koristanym v japonščině; oba su rodno-neutralne titule, jedna za byti poštivy, a druga za byti ljubazny.<ref name="Modern Solresol Dictionary">{{Cite web|last1=Osteen|first1=Garrison|last2=Walters|first2=Scott|last3=Parson|first3=Daniel|last4=Fernandez|first4=Tobias|date=2018-03-12|title=Solresol Dictionary Modernised|url=https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/182okssrHseIggjHGlzWyFH81-o8y8EsvQtJfPJYu6r8/edit|format=XLSX|website=Google Sheets|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250829164017if_/https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/182okssrHseIggjHGlzWyFH81-o8y8EsvQtJfPJYu6r8/edit|archive-date=2025-08-29|archive-format=XLSX|access-date=2019-12-22|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Gajewskogo publikacija donesla razne dodatky ktore ne konfliktu s originalnom verzijom jezyka, taki jako razne nove metody komunikacije,{{R|grammar_pdf|p=16}} vključujući: skup symbolov koristane sedmih barv duhy, i koristane [[tonic sol-fa]] za signiranje jezyka ==Fonologija== [[File:Solresol.svg|thumb|right|Sedm konvencionalnyh not, barv, sylab, čisel i glifov koristanyh za prenos fonemov Solresola]] Solresol może być komunikovany koristajući sedm različnyh predmetov, s maksimumom pet na slovo. Statistički, ty kombinacije daju sedm jedno-sylabnyh slov, 49 dvuh-sylabnyh, 336 tri-sylabnyh, 2.268 četyr-sylabnyh i 9.072 pet-sylabnyh, za ukupno 11.732 mogućih primarnyh slov.<ref name="pei" /> Glavna metoda komunikacije je koristane sedmih [[solfedžio]] sylab (forma [[solmizacija|solmizacije]]), ktore mogu byti akcentovane, prodloužene ili ponovljene. Najprostši način koristati ty sylaby je govoriti ih jako by one byly regularne [[sylaba|sylaby]]. {{Trěba iztočnik|Zbog togo že predchádza [[Medžunarodny fonetičny alfabet|MFA]], ne postoje posebna pravila izgovora izvan standardnyh čitanj solfège. Zbog togo že vsaka sylaba je dovoljno odlična, mogu byti izgovorjene skoro vsakym sposobom, ktory čitatej preferuje.}} Sudre je izložil način transkripcije fonetiky francozskogo (i tako mnogih drugih jezykov) do Solresola, primarno koristany za vlastne imenice.{{r|lmu1866|p=32}} Koristajući občne izgovory kako su dane od strane [[Wiktionary|Vikislovnika]], je moguće rekonstruovati tabulu glasov koristajući modernu IPA. Zbog malog broja sylab, je potrebno ostaviti kratku pauzu medźu slovami tako da vsako slovo ostane jasno odvojeno. Kako je primetil Boleslas Gajewski: "člověk bi měl věnovati veliku pozornost pauzi po vsakom slovu; ta mala pauza je potrebna za odvajanje slov, tako da slušatelj ne bude zbunjen".{{R|grammar_eng|p=Reversed meanings}} ===Slovnik=== V Solresol [[morfologija (lingvistika)|morfologiji]], vsako slovo je poděleno na kategorije ili značenja ili funkcije, gdźe duža slova su občno specifičnjejša. Slova se razlikuju po treh glavnyh karakteristikah: početnoj sylabě, dužině slova, i tomu da li ima par ponovljenih sylab. Slova koja su jedna i dve sylaby duge su koristana za [[Zaimennik|zaimenniky]] i občne [[Gramatična čestica|čestice]], a ty s ponovljenimi sylabami su [[Gramatično vreme|vremena]]. Slova koja su jednu sylabu duga su posvećena slovima ktora su često koristana (v času stvorenja Solresola). Ty ktore uključuju ponavljajuće sylaby su rezervovane za "čisla, měsece goda, dni neděle i temperatury [pogodne uslove]", na pr. redodo "jedny", remimi "dva" (po Gajewskom). Slova koja su četyri sylaby duga spadaju v razne tematske kategorije. Na pr., slova počinjuća s 'sol', koja ne uključuju ponovljene sylaby, imaju značenja vezana za umetnosti ili nauky (na pr. soldoredo, "umetnost"; solmiredo, "akustika").{{r|lmu1866|p=22.V}} Však, ako slova koja su četyri sylaby duga imaju par ponovljenih sylab, njihova značenja se odnose na bolesti ili medicinu (na pr. solsolredo, "migrena"; solreresol, "ospice").{{r|lmu1866|p=23.VI}} Točnjejše, klase bez ponovljenih sylab su: ''do'': člověk, njegovo tělo i duh, intelektualne sposobnosti, kvalitete i hrana; ''re'': odeća, dom, domaćinstvo i porodica; ''mi'': činjenja človeka i njegove mane; ''fa'': selo, putovanja, vojna, more; ''sol'': lepe umetnosti i nauky; ''la'': industrija i trgovina; ''si'': město, vlada i administracija. S ponovljenimi sylabami, iste sylaby daju: ''do'': religija; ''re'': konstrukcija i razne obrti; ''mi'': predlogi, prislovne fraze i izolovane prislovy; ''fa'': bolesti; ''sol'': bolesti (nast.); ''la'': industrija i trgovina (jako u tipu bez ponavljanja); ''si'': pravda, magistratura i sudovi. Konačno, kombinacije pet sylab označavaju životinje, rośliny i minerale. Po defaultu, vse žive imenice i zaimenniky podrazuměvaju da su mužskogo roda. Za razlikovanje ženskogo roda, bar, [[pomišljaj|pomišljaj]] ili [[makron (diakritika)|makron]] se dodaje na konačnu sylabu odgovarajućeg člena ili samogo slova. V govoru, to se označava ponavljanjem vokala sylaby, s [[glotalna stop|glotalnom stopom]] koja odvaja ponovljenu vokalu od ostatka slova.{{r|lmu1866|p=24}} Však, v modernyh překladah, zaimenniky se ne měnje v zavisnosti od [[Gramatičny rod|roda]]. Umesto toga, oni se prosto prevode na anglijsky kao neutralne zaimenniky; it i they. Jedna unikatna karakteristika Solresola je da značenja mogu byti obrnuta obrtanjem sylab v slovah. Na pr. ''fala'' znači dobro ili ukusno, a ''lafa'' znači zlo. Prekidi v logičkom poredu slov v vsakoj kategoriji su občno uzrokovani tymi obrtivymi slovami.{{r|lmu1866|p=31.XXI}} {| style="background: transparent; border: hidden;" | style="padding: 0 2em;" | {| class="wikitable" | [[File:Solresol - misol.jpg|x88px]] | [[File:Solresol - solmi.jpg|x88px]] |- | style="text-align: center;" | '''misol''': "dobro" | style="text-align: center;" | '''solmi''': "zlo" |} | style="padding-left: 2em;" | {| class="wikitable" | [[File:Solresol - domisol.jpg|x88px]] | [[File:Solresol - solmido.jpg|x88px]] |- | style="text-align: center;" | '''domisol''': "[[Bog]]" | style="text-align: center;" | '''solmido''': "[[Djavol]]" |} |} Však, ne vsa slova su obrtiva v tom smyslu, taki jako ''dorefare'' znači vrat, a ''refaredo'' znači garderoba, ktore očigledno nisu suprotnosti. Slědujuća tabula pokazuje slova do dvuh sylab iz Gajewskogo slovnika: {| class="wikitable" ! {{Diagonal split header|style=height: 3em; width: 7em|1. syl.|2. syl.}} ! ''Nijedna'' ! style="background-color: #f69;" | -do ! style="background-color: #f96;" | -re ! style="background-color: #ff9;" | -mi ! style="background-color: #9f6;" | -fa ! style="background-color: #9ff;" | -sol ! style="background-color: #96f;" | -la ! style="background-color: #f9f;" | -si/-ti |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #f69;" | Do- | style="background-color: #f69;" | ne, ni, niti | style="background-color: #f69;" | (prošlo) | ja, mene || ty [sg] || on || se, sebe || jedny, někto || drugy |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #f96;" | Re- | style="background-color: #f96;" | i, tak jako | moj, moje | style="background-color: #f96;" | (pluperfekt) | tvoj, tvoje [sg] || njegov || naš, naše || vaš, vaše [pl] || njihov |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #ff9;" | Mi- | style="background-color: #ff9;" | ili, ili čak | za, da bi/da || ktory, koja (odnos. zaim.), že (veznik) | style="background-color: #ff9;" | (buduće) | čij, čija || dobro (prisl.) || tutaj je/tu je, gle || dobar večer/noć |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #9f6;" | Fa- | style="background-color: #9f6;" | k, ka | što? || s, sa, zajedno || ovaj, ova, ovo | style="background-color: #9f6;" | (kond.) | začto, iz kog razloga || dobro, ukusno, slasno || mnogo, velmi, krajno |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #9ff;" | Sol- | style="background-color: #9ff;" | ako | ale || v, unutra || zlo, loše (prisl.) || zato, jer | style="background-color: #9ff;" | (imperativ) | věčno, vsegda, bez konca || hvala, hvaly |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #96f;" | <span style="color: #000;">La-</span> | style="background-color: #96f;" | <span style="color: #000;">ty (člen)</span> | ničto, nikto, nijedny || od, po || tutaj, tam || zlo, loše || nikogda, nikad | style="background-color: #96f;" | <span style="color: #000;">(prezentni participij)</span> || od, iz |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #f9f;"| Si-/Ti- | style="background-color: #f9f;" | da, dobro, rado, složeno | isto (stvar) | vsaky, každy | dobro jutro/popoldne | malo, jedva |gospodin, pan |mlady muž, neženja | style="background-color: #f9f;" | <span style="color: #000;">(pasivny participij)</span> |} Određeny člen ima razne forme za [[Nominativ|nominativny]], [[Genitiv|genitivny]] i [[Dativ|dativny]] padež, ili, v anglijskom, za "the", "to the" i "of the": 'la', 'fa' i 'lasi', po redu.{{r|lmu1866|p=23-24.VII-VIII}} ==Gramatika== Osim naglaska i dužiny, slova Solresola se ne inflektuju. Da bi rečenice ostale jasne, posebno s mogućnošću gubitka informacij pri komunikaciji, odredjene časti řeči sleduju strog slovored. :Prěvjesniki vsegda sleduju imenicu ktoru određuju. :Nepremni objekty vsegda dolaze poslě glagola.{{r|lmu1866|p=26.XII}} :Priměry dane v originalnoj dokumentaciji ukazuju na [[subjekt–glagol–objekt slovored|slovored subjekt–glagol–objekt]],{{R|lmu1866|p=29.XVII}} však, to ne bi mělo imati značenje dok rečenica ostaje prosta i jasna. :Vremena vsegda prethode glagolom.{{r|lmu1866|p=30.XIX}} Da bi se slovo stvorilo u množini, [[akút|akútny naglasak]] se dodaje iznad poslednje sylaby, ktory se v govoru izgovara produženjem poslednje bukvy te sylaby.{{r|lmu1866|p=24.IX}} Priměry kako označiti množinu mužskih i ženskih slov: :''resimire'' brat, ''resimirē/resimire-e'' sestra :''resimiré'' bracia, ''resimiréē/resimiré-e'' sestry To utiče samo na prvo slovo v [[imenična fraza|imeničnoj frazi]]. To jest, utiče samo na imenicu kada je imenica sama, jako iznad. Ako je slovo popraćeno gramatičkom česticom (la, fa ili lasi), čestica će nositi oznaku roda i/ili broja umesto toga: :''la resimire'' [ty] brat, ''lā/la-a resimire'' [ta] sestra :''lá resimire'' [ty] bracia, ''láā/lá-a resimire'' [ty] sestry Časti řeči (jako i specifičnjejše definicije za něktora slova) se izvode iz glagol postavljanjem [[cirkumfleks|cirkumfleksa]] iznad jedne od sylab v pisanju, i izgovaranjem te sylaby s [[Glossary of music terminology#R|rinforzando]] (iznenadny naglasak ili [[Dynamics (music)#Gradual changes|crescendo]]). S naglaskom postavljenim na prvu sylabu, slovo postaje imenica. V četyri-sylabnyh slovah, naglašavanje druge sylaby stvara imenicu činitelja. [[Penult]]imna sylaba stvara prěvjesnik, a poslednja stvara prislov.{{r|lmu1866|p=25.XI}} Na pr., :''midofa'' preferovati, ''mîdofa'' preferencija, ''midôfa'' preferabilny, ''midofâ'' preferabilno :''resolmila'' nastaviti, ''rêsolmila'' nastavjenje, ''resôlmila'' jedny ktory nastavlja, ''resolmîla'' staly, ''resolmilâ'' stalno Na kompjuteryh koristajući rasporede klavijatur bez cirkumfleksa, sylaba może być napisana velikimi bukvami, ili [[caret]] postavljen medźu bukvy sylaby ili poslě sylaby. Zbog gramatike i slovoreda Solresola, razlikovanje častij řeči občno nije potrebno za razuměnje rečenice. Razne [[tense–aspect–mood|vremensko-načinske]] čestice su dvojne sylaby, kako je dato u slovniku iznad. Dodatno, po Gajewskom, pasivne glagoly se tvore s ''faremi'' medźu tom česticom i glagolom. Subjunktiv se tvori s ''mire'' pred zaimennikom. Negacija ''do'' se pojavljuje samo jednom v klauzi, pred slovom koje negira. Slovo ''fasi'' pred imenicom ili prěvjesnikom je [[augmentativ|augmentativno]]; poslě njega je [[Degrees of comparison of adjectives and adverbs|superlativ]]. ''Sifa'' je suprotnost ([[diminutiv|diminutivno]]):{{r|lmu1866|p=21.III}} :''fala'' dobro, ''fasi fala'' velmi dobro, ''fala fasi'' odlično, najbolje; ''sifa fala'' dobro (ali ne odlično), ''fala sifa'' ne velmi dobro (i slično s ''lafa'' zlo) :''sisire'' vjetar, ''fasi sisire'' oluja, ''sisire fasi'' ciklon; ''sifa sisire'' povjetarac, ''sisire sifa'' kretanje vazduha Pitanja Pitanja v Solresolu ne dobijaju mnogo pažnje u originalnoj dokumentaciji, niti imaju mnogo priměrov. Sudreova publikacija uključuje tri priměra upitnyh rečenic:{{r|lmu1866|p=127}} :Je vaše zdravlje dobro? – Redofafa? :Hoćete li ići na selo ove godine? – Fadoremi? :Hoćete li ići u pozorište večeras? – Soldoremi? Da bi se to stvorilo kao potvrdna izjava, dodaje se osobny zaimennik poslě: :Moje zdravlje je dobro. – Redofafa dore. :Ići ću na selo ove godine. – Fadoremi dore. :Ići ću u pozorište večeras. – Soldoremi dore. Gajewski umesto toga postavlja subjekt rečenice poslě glagola umesto pred glagolom, konstrukcija občna v evropskih jezycich. Nektery priměry su:{{R|grammar_eng|p=Interrogation and Negation}} :Jesam li? – Faremi dore? :Razumije li on? – Falafa dofa? :Učite li? – Sidosi domi? V vsih verzijah jezyka, postoje slova četyri sylaby duga, ponovljena "Mi" sekcija slovnika koja uključuje neka občna pitanja, taki jako:{{r|lmu1866|p=109.123}} :Miladodo? – Do kogo stepena/mjere? :Milarere? – Dobro? :Misirere? – Kto je to? ==Pismo Solresol== [[File:Solresol symbols.svg|thumb|Simboly Solresola]] Pismo koristano v Solresolu sastoji se od sedmih unikatnyh symbolov, vsaky predstavljajući jednu od sedmih "not". Na pr., "[[C (muzikalna nota)|Do]]" je krug, a "[[G (muzikalna nota)|Sol]]" je horizontalna linija. Slova Solresola se tvore povezivanjem symbolov v poredu kako se pojavljuju v slovu. Dvojne note se predstavljaju križanjem symbola. [[File:Solresol words.svg|thumb|Něktore osnovne slova Solresola]] Druge karakteristike Nepristrasny i relativno prosty Integrovane sistemy ([[znakovny jezyk|znakovny jezyk]], barvy, itd.) za većinu [[invaliditet|ometenj]], odmah operativne bez posebnogo učenja Brzo uspěšno učenje za nepismene (samo sedm sylab ili znakov ili deset bukv za znati i prepoznati) Vrlo prosty ali efektivny sistem za razlikovanje funkcij slov v rečenicah Koristajući [[tonic sol-fa]] sistem od [[John Curwen|Johna Curwena]], Solresol może też być [[znakovny jezyk|znakovano]]. Daljnji razvoj Drugi način koristania Solresola se naziva ''ses'', razvijen od [[C. George Boeree|C. Georgea Boereea]].<ref name="loan_words">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|title=Using loan words in Solresol|url=https://www.tumblr.com/sidosi/181390815161/using-loan-words-in-solresol|website=Tumblr|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251128152044if_/https://www.tumblr.com/sidosi/181390815161/using-loan-words-in-solresol|archive-date=2025-11-28|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Koristajući to, note dobijaju reprezentativne konsonante i vokale (ili diftongy). Najprostša slova koriste samo vokalu, dok vsa druga koriste složenjejšu strukturu sylab. do ⇒ p / o re ⇒ k / e mi ⇒ m / i fa ⇒ f / a sol ⇒ s / u la ⇒ l / au ti ⇒ t / ai Na ovaj način, można pisati ili izgovarati slova taki jako to: : sol-sol-re-do ⇒ suko (cvcv) – migrena Zato što se množina i ženske forme slov u Solresolu označavaju naglaskom ili dužinom glasov, ses koristi ''pau'' (nektory) ili ''fai'' (mnogo) za označavanje množiny, i ''mu'' (dobro) za označavanje ženskogo roda kogda je potrebno. == Kodiranje == Zahtev za [[ISO 639-3]] jezykovy kod, privremeno predloženy jako {{Code|sud}}, był upućen [[SIL Global|SIL-u]] 28 avgusta 2017,<ref name="sil_change">{{Cite web|author=SIL International|author-link=SIL Global|date=2017-08-28|title=ISO 639-3 Registration Authority Request for Change No. 2017-032|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032.pdf|website=ISO 639-3|publication-place=[[Dallas]]|format=PDF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605171450if_/https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032.pdf|archive-date=2019-06-05|archive-format=PDF|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="sil_new">{{Cite web|author=SIL International|author-link=SIL Global|date=2017-08-28|title=Request for New Language Code Element in ISO 639-3: [sud]|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032_sud.pdf|website=ISO 639-3|publication-place=[[Dallas]]|format=PDF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605171450if_/https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032_sud.pdf|archive-date=2019-06-05|archive-format=PDF|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="sidosi_request">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|date=2017-07-28|title=The Road to ISO 639-3|url=https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=310|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230829154231if_/https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=310|archive-date=2023-08-29|access-date=2018-10-22|df=mdy-all}}</ref> ale był odrinuły 23 janvara 2018.<ref name="sil_rejection">{{Cite web|author=SIL International|author-link=SIL Global|date=2018-01-23|title=Comments received for ISO 639-3 Change Request 2017-032|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/CR_Comments_2017-032.pdf|website=ISO 639-3|publication-place=[[Dallas]]|format=PDF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605171452if_/https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/CR_Comments_2017-032.pdf|archive-date=2019-06-05|archive-format=PDF|page=2|access-date=2019-09-27|df=mdy-all|quote=Zahtev za stvorenje koda [sud] za Solresol je odrinuły.}}</ref><ref name="sidosi_rejection">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|date=2018-02-01|title=Beyond ISO 639-3 (for now)|url=https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=350|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230829153926if_/https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=350|archive-date=2023-08-29|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Solresol je dobil kody {{Code|qso}} i {{Code|art-x-solresol}} v [[Codes for constructed languages|ConLang Code Registry]].<ref name="clcr">{{Cite web|last=Bettencourt|first=Rebecca G.|date=2015-01-08|title=ConLang Code Registry|url=https://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/|website=Kreative Korporation|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221127152005if_/http://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/|archive-date=2022-11-27|access-date=2021-04-06|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Sedm osnovnyh symbolov bylo predloženo za registraciju v [[ConScript Unicode Registry]].<ref name="csur">{{Cite web|last=Everson|first=Michael|author-link=Michael Everson|date=1997-01-21|title=Solresol: U+E770–U+E77F|url=https://www.evertype.com/standards/csur/solresol.html|website=ConScript Unicode Registry|publisher=Evertype|publication-place=[[Lecanvey]], [[Ireland]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417191120if_/https://www.evertype.com/standards/csur/solresol.html|archive-date=2021-04-17|access-date=2021-04-06|df=mdy-all}}</ref> == Priměrne teksty == ; Članok 1 ''[[Universalna deklaracija prav člověka|Universalnoj deklaracija prav člověka]]'' na medžuslovjanskom : ''Vsi ljudi rodet se svobodnymi i ravnymi v svojem dostojenstvu i pravah. Oni sut obdarjene razumom i svědomjem i muset postupati v odnošenju jedin k drugomu v duhu bratstva.'' ; Prěvod na Solresol : Siré misolredo faremi doredore domisimi re misóla, solfalafá dósila re réfasi. Dófa faremi remila fare dômilafa re dôfasifa, re fafa fasolfa midolǎ fare dômisola lasi sîmisila. ; Predstavjeno koristajuči ''ses'' Solresol : Sé muro fem pepe omúm e múl, salá ósau e éfai. Óf fem ril fe ômauf e ôfaif, e fa fuf ipǎu fe ômul lai âimail. == Gledite takože == * [[muzikalny jezyk]] * [[solfedžio]] * [[Tonic sol-fa]] * [[Voyage to Faremido]] * [[Ro jezyk]] ==Iztočniky== {{Iztočniky}} == Čitati dalje == * {{Cite book|last=Sudre|first=François|year=1866|title=Langue Musicale Universelle|url=http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/ladosol.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070831060525if_/http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/ladosol.html|archive-date=2007-08-31|publication-place=Paris|language=fr}} – HTML verzija celogo teksta Sudreovogo toma iz 1866, s originalnym [https://web.archive.org/web/20070831061613if_/http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/lrls_sosfs.html slovnikom] i [https://web.archive.org/web/20080310234035/http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/solrelaF.html frazeologijom] (v francozskom). * {{Cite book|last1=Couturat|first1=Louis|last2=Leau|first2=Léopold|year=1903|title=Histoire de la Langue Universelle|url=https://archive.org/details/histoiredelalang00coutuoft|publisher=Librairie Hachette|publication-place=[[Paris]]|language=fr|access-date=2025-11-28|df=mdy-all}} * {{Cite book|last=Eco|first=Umberto|author-link=Umberto Eco|date=1997-04-08|title=The Search for the Perfect Language|url=https://archive.org/details/searchforperfect00ecou|publisher=[[Wiley-Blackwell]]|publication-place=[[Cambridge, Massachusetts|Cambridge, Mass.]]|edition=1|series=The Making of Europe|isbn=978-0-631-20510-4|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}} ==Vněšnje linky== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20191115021254if_/https://www.omniglot.com/writing/solresol.htm Solresol jezyk i stenografično pismo] na Omniglot, online enciklopediji sistemov pisanja i jezykov * Anglijsko-Solresol slovniky od [https://web.archive.org/web/20250121193252if_/http://www.datapacrat.com/True/LANG/SOLRESOL/DICTIONA.HTM Jasona Hutchensa] (6 julija 1998) i [https://web.archive.org/web/20100923132246if_/http://www.ifost.org.au/~gregb/solresol/sorsolex.htm Stephena L. Ricea] (19 novembra 1997) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20231130083816if_/http://sharyphil.com/root/solresol-the-project/ SolReSol: Projekt v0.95] od Phila Sharyja, open source Solresol–anglijsky i anglijsky–Solresol překladateľsky program za Windows (32- i 64-bitny) s live MIDI podporom (24 februara 2015) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20250818235352if_/https://wiki.xxiivv.com/site/solresol.html Moderny Simetričny Solresol] od Davida Mondou-Labbého (28 septembra 2023) * [https://eliseduv.dev/solresol/ Překladač Anglijsky↔Solresol] {{Umětne jezyky}} [[Kategorija:1827 introdukcije]] [[Kategorija:Analitične jezyky]] [[Kategorija:Konstruovane jezyky]] [[Kategorija:Medžunarodne pomočne jezyky]] [[Kategorija:jezyky potvrđene od 1820-tyh]] [[Kategorija:muzikalne jezyky]] 28kfye9zv6z74icrgfl64t085gf1y4b 45638 45637 2026-08-13T09:31:18Z Ilja isv 10 /* Evolucija */ 45638 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kartka jezyk | name = Solresol | nativename = <center>''[[solfedžio]]'': Sol-Re-Sol</center> | image = Solresol-langage.svg | created = 1827 | creator = [[François Sudre|{{-|François Sudre|Франсуа Судр}}]] | fam1 = [[umětne jezyky]] | fam2 = [[Pomočny jezyk]], [[Umětne jezyky#A priori|a priori]] | fam3 = [[muzikalny jezyk]] | posteriori = [[Umětne jezyky#A priori|a priori]] | script = pismo Solresol ; [[solfedžio]]; [[noty]]; [[barvy spektra]] | sign = Podpisana notacija; [[tonic sol-fa]] znaky od [[John Curwen]] | iso3 = qso | iso3comment = [https://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/ (lokalno koristane)] | glotto = none | ietf = [https://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/ art-x-solresol] }} '''Solresol''' ([[solfedžio]]: [[G (muzikalna nota)|Sol]]-[[D (muzikalna nota)|Re]]-[[G (muzikalna nota)|Sol]]), prvonačelno nazyvany {{Lang|fr|Langue universelle}} (bukv. 'Universalny jezyk') a potom {{Lang|fr|Langue musicale universelle}} ('Universalny muzikalny jezyk'), je [[muzikalny jezyk|muzikalny]] [[umětny jezyk]] stvorjeny od francozskogo učiteľa musiky i kompozitora [[François Sudre|Jean-Françoisa Sudrea]] (1787–1862), počinajući v 1817. Njegova kniga definujuća to, {{Lang|fr|Langue Musicale Universelle}}, była publikovana posmrtno v 1866,<ref name="lmu1866">{{Cite book|last=Sudre|first=François|year=1866|title=Langue Musicale Universelle|url=https://www.ifost.org.au/~gregb/solresol/sudre-book.pdf|format=PDF|url-status=live|publication-place=[[Paris]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320142510if_/http://www.ifost.org.au/~gregb/solresol/sudre-book.pdf|archive-date=2012-03-20|archive-format=PDF|language=fr|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> iako je on već několik godin publiciral to. Solresol doživil kratky čas popularnosti v drugej polovici 19. stolěća i był sponzorovan od takyh osob jako [[Victor Hugo]], [[Alphonse de Lamartine]], [[Alexander von Humboldt]] i [[Napoleon III]],<ref name="pei">{{Cite book|last=Pei|first=Mario|author-link=Mario Pei|year=1969|title=Wanted: A World Language|type=Pamphlet|series=Public Affairs|volume=434|pages=11–12|publisher=Public Affairs Committee|publication-place=[[New York City]]|url=http://www.autodidactproject.org/other/pei_worldlg.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180125230417if_/http://www.autodidactproject.org/other/pei_worldlg.html|archive-date=2018-01-25|access-date=2025-11-28|df=mdy-all}}</ref> kulminujući s publikacijom [[Boleslas Gajewski|Boleslasa Gajewskogo]] {{Lang|fr|Grammaire du Solresol}} v 1902. Dnes, postoje male komunity entuzijastov Solresola rozsypane po cělem světě.<ref name="sidosi">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|title=Sidosi Home|url=https://www.sidosi.org/|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004090845if_/https://www.sidosi.org/|archive-date=2023-10-04|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> == Evolucija == Postoji několik verzij Solresola, každá s malymi razlikami. Tri glavne varijacije ktore su ješte v oběgu—Sudre, Gajewski i "Modern"—razlikuju se pretežno v različnyh elementah slovnika, a složaju se pretežno o gramatike. Sudre je stvoril jezyk, i tako njegova verzija zaslužuje nazv byti originalnom verzijom Solresola. Vincent Gajewski, parizsky profesor, popularizoval jezyk jako predsednik Centralnogo Komiteta za Studium i Napredovanje Solresola, ktory był osnovan v 1869 od Sudreove udovy, Joséphine, da bi dalje promoviral njegovo dělo. Boleslas Gajewski, Vincentov syn i sam profesor, formalizoval gramatiku i napisal definitivno dělo o jezyka: {{Language with name/for|fr|Grammaire du Solrésol|Gramatika Solresola}}.<ref name="grammar_eng">{{Cite web|last1=Gajewski|first1=Boleslas|last2=Rice|first2=Stephen L.|date=1997-11-19|orig-date=printed 1902 as {{Lang|fr|Grammaire du Solrésol}}, translated 1997|title=Grammar of Solresol, or the Universal Language of François Sudre|url=http://www.ptialaska.net/~srice/solresol/sorsoeng.htm|website=Stephen L. Rice: The Solresol Page|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070413035441if_/http://www.ptialaska.net/~srice/solresol/sorsoeng.htm|archive-date=2007-04-13|access-date=2019-09-29|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="grammar_pdf">{{Cite web|last=Gajewski|first=Boleslas|editor-last1=Rice|editor-first1=Stephen L.|editor-last2=Bigham|editor-first2=Doug|year=2005|orig-date=printed 1902 as {{Lang|fr|Grammaire du Solrésol}}, translated 1997 (Rice), revised 2005 (Bigham)|title=Grammar of Solresol, or the Universal Language of François Sudre|url=https://i.sidosi.org/resources/grammar-of-solresol-bigham/grammar-of-solresol-bigham.pdf|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217001045if_/https://i.sidosi.org/resources/grammar-of-solresol-bigham/grammar-of-solresol-bigham.pdf|archive-date=2019-12-17|access-date=2019-12-16|df=mdy-all}}</ref> To je najviše publicirana verzija Solresola, zahvaljujući překladu na anglijsky od Stephena L. Ricea iz 1997,<ref name="grammar_pdf"/><ref name="grammar_eng"/> s znatnom količinom slovnika izměnjenogo od originala, kao i něktore gramatike. Jedny priměr je slovo ''fasol'', definovano kao "tutaj" v Sudreovom slovniku, ale "začto?" v Gajewskom. Tretja je neoficijalna verzija razvijana vremenom od komunity, nazvana "Moderny Solresol". Ona koristi Sudreovu verziju kao bazu, s prilagodbami gramatike i slovnika, takimi jako izměna definicij ''sisol'' i ''sila'' od značenja "Gospodin" i "Mlady muž" na sistem [[honorifik|honorifikov]] inspiriran onym koristanym v japonščině; oba su rodno-neutralne titule, jedna za byti poštivy, a druga za byti ljubazny.<ref name="Modern Solresol Dictionary">{{Cite web|last1=Osteen|first1=Garrison|last2=Walters|first2=Scott|last3=Parson|first3=Daniel|last4=Fernandez|first4=Tobias|date=2018-03-12|title=Solresol Dictionary Modernised|url=https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/182okssrHseIggjHGlzWyFH81-o8y8EsvQtJfPJYu6r8/edit|format=XLSX|website=Google Sheets|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250829164017if_/https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/182okssrHseIggjHGlzWyFH81-o8y8EsvQtJfPJYu6r8/edit|archive-date=2025-08-29|archive-format=XLSX|access-date=2019-12-22|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Gajewskogo publikacija donesla razne dodatky ktore ne konfliktu s originalnom verzijom jezyka, taki jako razne nove metody komunikacije,{{R|grammar_pdf|p=16}} vključujući: skup symbolov koristane sedmih barv duhy, i koristane [[tonic sol-fa]] za signiranje jezyka ==Fonologija== [[File:Solresol.svg|thumb|right|Sedm konvencionalnyh not, barv, sylab, čisel i glifov koristanyh za prenos fonemov Solresola]] Solresol może być komunikovany koristajući sedm različnyh predmetov, s maksimumom pet na slovo. Statistički, ty kombinacije daju sedm jedno-sylabnyh slov, 49 dvuh-sylabnyh, 336 tri-sylabnyh, 2.268 četyr-sylabnyh i 9.072 pet-sylabnyh, za ukupno 11.732 mogućih primarnyh slov.<ref name="pei" /> Glavna metoda komunikacije je koristane sedmih [[solfedžio]] sylab (forma [[solmizacija|solmizacije]]), ktore mogu byti akcentovane, prodloužene ili ponovljene. Najprostši način koristati ty sylaby je govoriti ih jako by one byly regularne [[sylaba|sylaby]]. {{Trěba iztočnik|Zbog togo že predchádza [[Medžunarodny fonetičny alfabet|MFA]], ne postoje posebna pravila izgovora izvan standardnyh čitanj solfège. Zbog togo že vsaka sylaba je dovoljno odlična, mogu byti izgovorjene skoro vsakym sposobom, ktory čitatej preferuje.}} Sudre je izložil način transkripcije fonetiky francozskogo (i tako mnogih drugih jezykov) do Solresola, primarno koristany za vlastne imenice.{{r|lmu1866|p=32}} Koristajući občne izgovory kako su dane od strane [[Wiktionary|Vikislovnika]], je moguće rekonstruovati tabulu glasov koristajući modernu IPA. Zbog malog broja sylab, je potrebno ostaviti kratku pauzu medźu slovami tako da vsako slovo ostane jasno odvojeno. Kako je primetil Boleslas Gajewski: "člověk bi měl věnovati veliku pozornost pauzi po vsakom slovu; ta mala pauza je potrebna za odvajanje slov, tako da slušatelj ne bude zbunjen".{{R|grammar_eng|p=Reversed meanings}} ===Slovnik=== V Solresol [[morfologija (lingvistika)|morfologiji]], vsako slovo je poděleno na kategorije ili značenja ili funkcije, gdźe duža slova su občno specifičnjejša. Slova se razlikuju po treh glavnyh karakteristikah: početnoj sylabě, dužině slova, i tomu da li ima par ponovljenih sylab. Slova koja su jedna i dve sylaby duge su koristana za [[Zaimennik|zaimenniky]] i občne [[Gramatična čestica|čestice]], a ty s ponovljenimi sylabami su [[Gramatično vreme|vremena]]. Slova koja su jednu sylabu duga su posvećena slovima ktora su često koristana (v času stvorenja Solresola). Ty ktore uključuju ponavljajuće sylaby su rezervovane za "čisla, měsece goda, dni neděle i temperatury [pogodne uslove]", na pr. redodo "jedny", remimi "dva" (po Gajewskom). Slova koja su četyri sylaby duga spadaju v razne tematske kategorije. Na pr., slova počinjuća s 'sol', koja ne uključuju ponovljene sylaby, imaju značenja vezana za umetnosti ili nauky (na pr. soldoredo, "umetnost"; solmiredo, "akustika").{{r|lmu1866|p=22.V}} Však, ako slova koja su četyri sylaby duga imaju par ponovljenih sylab, njihova značenja se odnose na bolesti ili medicinu (na pr. solsolredo, "migrena"; solreresol, "ospice").{{r|lmu1866|p=23.VI}} Točnjejše, klase bez ponovljenih sylab su: ''do'': člověk, njegovo tělo i duh, intelektualne sposobnosti, kvalitete i hrana; ''re'': odeća, dom, domaćinstvo i porodica; ''mi'': činjenja človeka i njegove mane; ''fa'': selo, putovanja, vojna, more; ''sol'': lepe umetnosti i nauky; ''la'': industrija i trgovina; ''si'': město, vlada i administracija. S ponovljenimi sylabami, iste sylaby daju: ''do'': religija; ''re'': konstrukcija i razne obrti; ''mi'': predlogi, prislovne fraze i izolovane prislovy; ''fa'': bolesti; ''sol'': bolesti (nast.); ''la'': industrija i trgovina (jako u tipu bez ponavljanja); ''si'': pravda, magistratura i sudovi. Konačno, kombinacije pet sylab označavaju životinje, rośliny i minerale. Po defaultu, vse žive imenice i zaimenniky podrazuměvaju da su mužskogo roda. Za razlikovanje ženskogo roda, bar, [[pomišljaj|pomišljaj]] ili [[makron (diakritika)|makron]] se dodaje na konačnu sylabu odgovarajućeg člena ili samogo slova. V govoru, to se označava ponavljanjem vokala sylaby, s [[glotalna stop|glotalnom stopom]] koja odvaja ponovljenu vokalu od ostatka slova.{{r|lmu1866|p=24}} Však, v modernyh překladah, zaimenniky se ne měnje v zavisnosti od [[Gramatičny rod|roda]]. Umesto toga, oni se prosto prevode na anglijsky kao neutralne zaimenniky; it i they. Jedna unikatna karakteristika Solresola je da značenja mogu byti obrnuta obrtanjem sylab v slovah. Na pr. ''fala'' znači dobro ili ukusno, a ''lafa'' znači zlo. Prekidi v logičkom poredu slov v vsakoj kategoriji su občno uzrokovani tymi obrtivymi slovami.{{r|lmu1866|p=31.XXI}} {| style="background: transparent; border: hidden;" | style="padding: 0 2em;" | {| class="wikitable" | [[File:Solresol - misol.jpg|x88px]] | [[File:Solresol - solmi.jpg|x88px]] |- | style="text-align: center;" | '''misol''': "dobro" | style="text-align: center;" | '''solmi''': "zlo" |} | style="padding-left: 2em;" | {| class="wikitable" | [[File:Solresol - domisol.jpg|x88px]] | [[File:Solresol - solmido.jpg|x88px]] |- | style="text-align: center;" | '''domisol''': "[[Bog]]" | style="text-align: center;" | '''solmido''': "[[Djavol]]" |} |} Však, ne vsa slova su obrtiva v tom smyslu, taki jako ''dorefare'' znači vrat, a ''refaredo'' znači garderoba, ktore očigledno nisu suprotnosti. Slědujuća tabula pokazuje slova do dvuh sylab iz Gajewskogo slovnika: {| class="wikitable" ! {{Diagonal split header|style=height: 3em; width: 7em|1. syl.|2. syl.}} ! ''Nijedna'' ! style="background-color: #f69;" | -do ! style="background-color: #f96;" | -re ! style="background-color: #ff9;" | -mi ! style="background-color: #9f6;" | -fa ! style="background-color: #9ff;" | -sol ! style="background-color: #96f;" | -la ! style="background-color: #f9f;" | -si/-ti |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #f69;" | Do- | style="background-color: #f69;" | ne, ni, niti | style="background-color: #f69;" | (prošlo) | ja, mene || ty [sg] || on || se, sebe || jedny, někto || drugy |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #f96;" | Re- | style="background-color: #f96;" | i, tak jako | moj, moje | style="background-color: #f96;" | (pluperfekt) | tvoj, tvoje [sg] || njegov || naš, naše || vaš, vaše [pl] || njihov |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #ff9;" | Mi- | style="background-color: #ff9;" | ili, ili čak | za, da bi/da || ktory, koja (odnos. zaim.), že (veznik) | style="background-color: #ff9;" | (buduće) | čij, čija || dobro (prisl.) || tutaj je/tu je, gle || dobar večer/noć |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #9f6;" | Fa- | style="background-color: #9f6;" | k, ka | što? || s, sa, zajedno || ovaj, ova, ovo | style="background-color: #9f6;" | (kond.) | začto, iz kog razloga || dobro, ukusno, slasno || mnogo, velmi, krajno |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #9ff;" | Sol- | style="background-color: #9ff;" | ako | ale || v, unutra || zlo, loše (prisl.) || zato, jer | style="background-color: #9ff;" | (imperativ) | věčno, vsegda, bez konca || hvala, hvaly |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #96f;" | <span style="color: #000;">La-</span> | style="background-color: #96f;" | <span style="color: #000;">ty (člen)</span> | ničto, nikto, nijedny || od, po || tutaj, tam || zlo, loše || nikogda, nikad | style="background-color: #96f;" | <span style="color: #000;">(prezentni participij)</span> || od, iz |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #f9f;"| Si-/Ti- | style="background-color: #f9f;" | da, dobro, rado, složeno | isto (stvar) | vsaky, každy | dobro jutro/popoldne | malo, jedva |gospodin, pan |mlady muž, neženja | style="background-color: #f9f;" | <span style="color: #000;">(pasivny participij)</span> |} Određeny člen ima razne forme za [[Nominativ|nominativny]], [[Genitiv|genitivny]] i [[Dativ|dativny]] padež, ili, v anglijskom, za "the", "to the" i "of the": 'la', 'fa' i 'lasi', po redu.{{r|lmu1866|p=23-24.VII-VIII}} ==Gramatika== Osim naglaska i dužiny, slova Solresola se ne inflektuju. Da bi rečenice ostale jasne, posebno s mogućnošću gubitka informacij pri komunikaciji, odredjene časti řeči sleduju strog slovored. :Prěvjesniki vsegda sleduju imenicu ktoru određuju. :Nepremni objekty vsegda dolaze poslě glagola.{{r|lmu1866|p=26.XII}} :Priměry dane v originalnoj dokumentaciji ukazuju na [[subjekt–glagol–objekt slovored|slovored subjekt–glagol–objekt]],{{R|lmu1866|p=29.XVII}} však, to ne bi mělo imati značenje dok rečenica ostaje prosta i jasna. :Vremena vsegda prethode glagolom.{{r|lmu1866|p=30.XIX}} Da bi se slovo stvorilo u množini, [[akút|akútny naglasak]] se dodaje iznad poslednje sylaby, ktory se v govoru izgovara produženjem poslednje bukvy te sylaby.{{r|lmu1866|p=24.IX}} Priměry kako označiti množinu mužskih i ženskih slov: :''resimire'' brat, ''resimirē/resimire-e'' sestra :''resimiré'' bracia, ''resimiréē/resimiré-e'' sestry To utiče samo na prvo slovo v [[imenična fraza|imeničnoj frazi]]. To jest, utiče samo na imenicu kada je imenica sama, jako iznad. Ako je slovo popraćeno gramatičkom česticom (la, fa ili lasi), čestica će nositi oznaku roda i/ili broja umesto toga: :''la resimire'' [ty] brat, ''lā/la-a resimire'' [ta] sestra :''lá resimire'' [ty] bracia, ''láā/lá-a resimire'' [ty] sestry Časti řeči (jako i specifičnjejše definicije za něktora slova) se izvode iz glagol postavljanjem [[cirkumfleks|cirkumfleksa]] iznad jedne od sylab v pisanju, i izgovaranjem te sylaby s [[Glossary of music terminology#R|rinforzando]] (iznenadny naglasak ili [[Dynamics (music)#Gradual changes|crescendo]]). S naglaskom postavljenim na prvu sylabu, slovo postaje imenica. V četyri-sylabnyh slovah, naglašavanje druge sylaby stvara imenicu činitelja. [[Penult]]imna sylaba stvara prěvjesnik, a poslednja stvara prislov.{{r|lmu1866|p=25.XI}} Na pr., :''midofa'' preferovati, ''mîdofa'' preferencija, ''midôfa'' preferabilny, ''midofâ'' preferabilno :''resolmila'' nastaviti, ''rêsolmila'' nastavjenje, ''resôlmila'' jedny ktory nastavlja, ''resolmîla'' staly, ''resolmilâ'' stalno Na kompjuteryh koristajući rasporede klavijatur bez cirkumfleksa, sylaba może być napisana velikimi bukvami, ili [[caret]] postavljen medźu bukvy sylaby ili poslě sylaby. Zbog gramatike i slovoreda Solresola, razlikovanje častij řeči občno nije potrebno za razuměnje rečenice. Razne [[tense–aspect–mood|vremensko-načinske]] čestice su dvojne sylaby, kako je dato u slovniku iznad. Dodatno, po Gajewskom, pasivne glagoly se tvore s ''faremi'' medźu tom česticom i glagolom. Subjunktiv se tvori s ''mire'' pred zaimennikom. Negacija ''do'' se pojavljuje samo jednom v klauzi, pred slovom koje negira. Slovo ''fasi'' pred imenicom ili prěvjesnikom je [[augmentativ|augmentativno]]; poslě njega je [[Degrees of comparison of adjectives and adverbs|superlativ]]. ''Sifa'' je suprotnost ([[diminutiv|diminutivno]]):{{r|lmu1866|p=21.III}} :''fala'' dobro, ''fasi fala'' velmi dobro, ''fala fasi'' odlično, najbolje; ''sifa fala'' dobro (ali ne odlično), ''fala sifa'' ne velmi dobro (i slično s ''lafa'' zlo) :''sisire'' vjetar, ''fasi sisire'' oluja, ''sisire fasi'' ciklon; ''sifa sisire'' povjetarac, ''sisire sifa'' kretanje vazduha Pitanja Pitanja v Solresolu ne dobijaju mnogo pažnje u originalnoj dokumentaciji, niti imaju mnogo priměrov. Sudreova publikacija uključuje tri priměra upitnyh rečenic:{{r|lmu1866|p=127}} :Je vaše zdravlje dobro? – Redofafa? :Hoćete li ići na selo ove godine? – Fadoremi? :Hoćete li ići u pozorište večeras? – Soldoremi? Da bi se to stvorilo kao potvrdna izjava, dodaje se osobny zaimennik poslě: :Moje zdravlje je dobro. – Redofafa dore. :Ići ću na selo ove godine. – Fadoremi dore. :Ići ću u pozorište večeras. – Soldoremi dore. Gajewski umesto toga postavlja subjekt rečenice poslě glagola umesto pred glagolom, konstrukcija občna v evropskih jezycich. Nektery priměry su:{{R|grammar_eng|p=Interrogation and Negation}} :Jesam li? – Faremi dore? :Razumije li on? – Falafa dofa? :Učite li? – Sidosi domi? V vsih verzijah jezyka, postoje slova četyri sylaby duga, ponovljena "Mi" sekcija slovnika koja uključuje neka občna pitanja, taki jako:{{r|lmu1866|p=109.123}} :Miladodo? – Do kogo stepena/mjere? :Milarere? – Dobro? :Misirere? – Kto je to? ==Pismo Solresol== [[File:Solresol symbols.svg|thumb|Simboly Solresola]] Pismo koristano v Solresolu sastoji se od sedmih unikatnyh symbolov, vsaky predstavljajući jednu od sedmih "not". Na pr., "[[C (muzikalna nota)|Do]]" je krug, a "[[G (muzikalna nota)|Sol]]" je horizontalna linija. Slova Solresola se tvore povezivanjem symbolov v poredu kako se pojavljuju v slovu. Dvojne note se predstavljaju križanjem symbola. [[File:Solresol words.svg|thumb|Něktore osnovne slova Solresola]] Druge karakteristike Nepristrasny i relativno prosty Integrovane sistemy ([[znakovny jezyk|znakovny jezyk]], barvy, itd.) za većinu [[invaliditet|ometenj]], odmah operativne bez posebnogo učenja Brzo uspěšno učenje za nepismene (samo sedm sylab ili znakov ili deset bukv za znati i prepoznati) Vrlo prosty ali efektivny sistem za razlikovanje funkcij slov v rečenicah Koristajući [[tonic sol-fa]] sistem od [[John Curwen|Johna Curwena]], Solresol może też być [[znakovny jezyk|znakovano]]. Daljnji razvoj Drugi način koristania Solresola se naziva ''ses'', razvijen od [[C. George Boeree|C. Georgea Boereea]].<ref name="loan_words">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|title=Using loan words in Solresol|url=https://www.tumblr.com/sidosi/181390815161/using-loan-words-in-solresol|website=Tumblr|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251128152044if_/https://www.tumblr.com/sidosi/181390815161/using-loan-words-in-solresol|archive-date=2025-11-28|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Koristajući to, note dobijaju reprezentativne konsonante i vokale (ili diftongy). Najprostša slova koriste samo vokalu, dok vsa druga koriste složenjejšu strukturu sylab. do ⇒ p / o re ⇒ k / e mi ⇒ m / i fa ⇒ f / a sol ⇒ s / u la ⇒ l / au ti ⇒ t / ai Na ovaj način, można pisati ili izgovarati slova taki jako to: : sol-sol-re-do ⇒ suko (cvcv) – migrena Zato što se množina i ženske forme slov u Solresolu označavaju naglaskom ili dužinom glasov, ses koristi ''pau'' (nektory) ili ''fai'' (mnogo) za označavanje množiny, i ''mu'' (dobro) za označavanje ženskogo roda kogda je potrebno. == Kodiranje == Zahtev za [[ISO 639-3]] jezykovy kod, privremeno predloženy jako {{Code|sud}}, był upućen [[SIL Global|SIL-u]] 28 avgusta 2017,<ref name="sil_change">{{Cite web|author=SIL International|author-link=SIL Global|date=2017-08-28|title=ISO 639-3 Registration Authority Request for Change No. 2017-032|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032.pdf|website=ISO 639-3|publication-place=[[Dallas]]|format=PDF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605171450if_/https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032.pdf|archive-date=2019-06-05|archive-format=PDF|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="sil_new">{{Cite web|author=SIL International|author-link=SIL Global|date=2017-08-28|title=Request for New Language Code Element in ISO 639-3: [sud]|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032_sud.pdf|website=ISO 639-3|publication-place=[[Dallas]]|format=PDF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605171450if_/https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032_sud.pdf|archive-date=2019-06-05|archive-format=PDF|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="sidosi_request">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|date=2017-07-28|title=The Road to ISO 639-3|url=https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=310|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230829154231if_/https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=310|archive-date=2023-08-29|access-date=2018-10-22|df=mdy-all}}</ref> ale był odrinuły 23 janvara 2018.<ref name="sil_rejection">{{Cite web|author=SIL International|author-link=SIL Global|date=2018-01-23|title=Comments received for ISO 639-3 Change Request 2017-032|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/CR_Comments_2017-032.pdf|website=ISO 639-3|publication-place=[[Dallas]]|format=PDF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605171452if_/https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/CR_Comments_2017-032.pdf|archive-date=2019-06-05|archive-format=PDF|page=2|access-date=2019-09-27|df=mdy-all|quote=Zahtev za stvorenje koda [sud] za Solresol je odrinuły.}}</ref><ref name="sidosi_rejection">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|date=2018-02-01|title=Beyond ISO 639-3 (for now)|url=https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=350|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230829153926if_/https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=350|archive-date=2023-08-29|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Solresol je dobil kody {{Code|qso}} i {{Code|art-x-solresol}} v [[Codes for constructed languages|ConLang Code Registry]].<ref name="clcr">{{Cite web|last=Bettencourt|first=Rebecca G.|date=2015-01-08|title=ConLang Code Registry|url=https://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/|website=Kreative Korporation|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221127152005if_/http://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/|archive-date=2022-11-27|access-date=2021-04-06|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Sedm osnovnyh symbolov bylo predloženo za registraciju v [[ConScript Unicode Registry]].<ref name="csur">{{Cite web|last=Everson|first=Michael|author-link=Michael Everson|date=1997-01-21|title=Solresol: U+E770–U+E77F|url=https://www.evertype.com/standards/csur/solresol.html|website=ConScript Unicode Registry|publisher=Evertype|publication-place=[[Lecanvey]], [[Ireland]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417191120if_/https://www.evertype.com/standards/csur/solresol.html|archive-date=2021-04-17|access-date=2021-04-06|df=mdy-all}}</ref> == Priměrne teksty == ; Članok 1 ''[[Universalna deklaracija prav člověka|Universalnoj deklaracija prav člověka]]'' na medžuslovjanskom : ''Vsi ljudi rodet se svobodnymi i ravnymi v svojem dostojenstvu i pravah. Oni sut obdarjene razumom i svědomjem i muset postupati v odnošenju jedin k drugomu v duhu bratstva.'' ; Prěvod na Solresol : Siré misolredo faremi doredore domisimi re misóla, solfalafá dósila re réfasi. Dófa faremi remila fare dômilafa re dôfasifa, re fafa fasolfa midolǎ fare dômisola lasi sîmisila. ; Predstavjeno koristajuči ''ses'' Solresol : Sé muro fem pepe omúm e múl, salá ósau e éfai. Óf fem ril fe ômauf e ôfaif, e fa fuf ipǎu fe ômul lai âimail. == Gledite takože == * [[muzikalny jezyk]] * [[solfedžio]] * [[Tonic sol-fa]] * [[Voyage to Faremido]] * [[Ro jezyk]] ==Iztočniky== {{Iztočniky}} == Čitati dalje == * {{Cite book|last=Sudre|first=François|year=1866|title=Langue Musicale Universelle|url=http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/ladosol.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070831060525if_/http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/ladosol.html|archive-date=2007-08-31|publication-place=Paris|language=fr}} – HTML verzija celogo teksta Sudreovogo toma iz 1866, s originalnym [https://web.archive.org/web/20070831061613if_/http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/lrls_sosfs.html slovnikom] i [https://web.archive.org/web/20080310234035/http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/solrelaF.html frazeologijom] (v francozskom). * {{Cite book|last1=Couturat|first1=Louis|last2=Leau|first2=Léopold|year=1903|title=Histoire de la Langue Universelle|url=https://archive.org/details/histoiredelalang00coutuoft|publisher=Librairie Hachette|publication-place=[[Paris]]|language=fr|access-date=2025-11-28|df=mdy-all}} * {{Cite book|last=Eco|first=Umberto|author-link=Umberto Eco|date=1997-04-08|title=The Search for the Perfect Language|url=https://archive.org/details/searchforperfect00ecou|publisher=[[Wiley-Blackwell]]|publication-place=[[Cambridge, Massachusetts|Cambridge, Mass.]]|edition=1|series=The Making of Europe|isbn=978-0-631-20510-4|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}} ==Vněšnje linky== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20191115021254if_/https://www.omniglot.com/writing/solresol.htm Solresol jezyk i stenografično pismo] na Omniglot, online enciklopediji sistemov pisanja i jezykov * Anglijsko-Solresol slovniky od [https://web.archive.org/web/20250121193252if_/http://www.datapacrat.com/True/LANG/SOLRESOL/DICTIONA.HTM Jasona Hutchensa] (6 julija 1998) i [https://web.archive.org/web/20100923132246if_/http://www.ifost.org.au/~gregb/solresol/sorsolex.htm Stephena L. Ricea] (19 novembra 1997) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20231130083816if_/http://sharyphil.com/root/solresol-the-project/ SolReSol: Projekt v0.95] od Phila Sharyja, open source Solresol–anglijsky i anglijsky–Solresol překladateľsky program za Windows (32- i 64-bitny) s live MIDI podporom (24 februara 2015) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20250818235352if_/https://wiki.xxiivv.com/site/solresol.html Moderny Simetričny Solresol] od Davida Mondou-Labbého (28 septembra 2023) * [https://eliseduv.dev/solresol/ Překladač Anglijsky↔Solresol] {{Umětne jezyky}} [[Kategorija:1827 introdukcije]] [[Kategorija:Analitične jezyky]] [[Kategorija:Konstruovane jezyky]] [[Kategorija:Medžunarodne pomočne jezyky]] [[Kategorija:jezyky potvrđene od 1820-tyh]] [[Kategorija:muzikalne jezyky]] 2blfmggcn2exxc9g81wtxbxj99o7qel 45639 45638 2026-08-13T09:35:43Z Ilja isv 10 /* Evolucija */ 45639 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kartka jezyk | name = Solresol | nativename = <center>''[[solfedžio]]'': Sol-Re-Sol</center> | image = Solresol-langage.svg | created = 1827 | creator = [[François Sudre|{{-|François Sudre|Франсуа Судр}}]] | fam1 = [[umětne jezyky]] | fam2 = [[Pomočny jezyk]], [[Umětne jezyky#A priori|a priori]] | fam3 = [[muzikalny jezyk]] | posteriori = [[Umětne jezyky#A priori|a priori]] | script = pismo Solresol ; [[solfedžio]]; [[noty]]; [[barvy spektra]] | sign = Podpisana notacija; [[tonic sol-fa]] znaky od [[John Curwen]] | iso3 = qso | iso3comment = [https://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/ (lokalno koristane)] | glotto = none | ietf = [https://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/ art-x-solresol] }} '''Solresol''' ([[solfedžio]]: [[G (muzikalna nota)|Sol]]-[[D (muzikalna nota)|Re]]-[[G (muzikalna nota)|Sol]]), prvonačelno nazyvany {{Lang|fr|Langue universelle}} (bukv. 'Universalny jezyk') a potom {{Lang|fr|Langue musicale universelle}} ('Universalny muzikalny jezyk'), je [[muzikalny jezyk|muzikalny]] [[umětny jezyk]] stvorjeny od francozskogo učiteľa musiky i kompozitora [[François Sudre|Jean-Françoisa Sudrea]] (1787–1862), počinajući v 1817. Njegova kniga definujuća to, {{Lang|fr|Langue Musicale Universelle}}, była publikovana posmrtno v 1866,<ref name="lmu1866">{{Cite book|last=Sudre|first=François|year=1866|title=Langue Musicale Universelle|url=https://www.ifost.org.au/~gregb/solresol/sudre-book.pdf|format=PDF|url-status=live|publication-place=[[Paris]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320142510if_/http://www.ifost.org.au/~gregb/solresol/sudre-book.pdf|archive-date=2012-03-20|archive-format=PDF|language=fr|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> iako je on već několik godin publiciral to. Solresol doživil kratky čas popularnosti v drugej polovici 19. stolěća i był sponzorovan od takyh osob jako [[Victor Hugo]], [[Alphonse de Lamartine]], [[Alexander von Humboldt]] i [[Napoleon III]],<ref name="pei">{{Cite book|last=Pei|first=Mario|author-link=Mario Pei|year=1969|title=Wanted: A World Language|type=Pamphlet|series=Public Affairs|volume=434|pages=11–12|publisher=Public Affairs Committee|publication-place=[[New York City]]|url=http://www.autodidactproject.org/other/pei_worldlg.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180125230417if_/http://www.autodidactproject.org/other/pei_worldlg.html|archive-date=2018-01-25|access-date=2025-11-28|df=mdy-all}}</ref> kulminujući s publikacijom [[Boleslas Gajewski|Boleslasa Gajewskogo]] {{Lang|fr|Grammaire du Solresol}} v 1902. Dnes, postoje male komunity entuzijastov Solresola rozsypane po cělem světě.<ref name="sidosi">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|title=Sidosi Home|url=https://www.sidosi.org/|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004090845if_/https://www.sidosi.org/|archive-date=2023-10-04|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> == Evolucija == Postoji několik verzij Solresola, každá s malymi razlikami. Tri glavne varijacije ktore su ješte v oběgu—Sudre, Gajewski i "Modern"—razlikuju se pretežno v različnyh elementah slovnika, a složaju se pretežno o gramatike. Sudre je stvoril jezyk, i tako njegova verzija zaslužuje nazv byti originalnom verzijom Solresola. Vincent Gajewski, parizsky profesor, popularizoval jezyk jako predsednik Centralnogo Komiteta za Studium i Napredovanje Solresola, ktory był osnovan v 1869 od Sudreove udovy, Joséphine, da bi dalje promoviral njegovo dělo. Boleslas Gajewski, Vincentov syn i sam profesor, formalizoval gramatiku i napisal definitivno dělo o jezyka: {{Jezyky|fr|Grammaire du Solrésol}} (Gramatika Solresola).<ref name="grammar_eng">{{Cite web|last1=Gajewski|first1=Boleslas|last2=Rice|first2=Stephen L.|date=1997-11-19|orig-date=printed 1902 as {{-|Grammaire du Solrésol}}, translated 1997|title=Grammar of Solresol, or the Universal Language of François Sudre | url = http://www.ptialaska.net/~srice/solresol/sorsoeng.htm | website = Stephen L. Rice: The Solresol Page | url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070413035441if_/http://www.ptialaska.net/~srice/solresol/sorsoeng.htm|archive-date=2007-04-13|access-date=2019-09-29}}</ref><ref name="grammar_pdf">{{Cite web|last=Gajewski|first=Boleslas|editor-last1=Rice|editor-first1=Stephen L.|editor-last2=Bigham|editor-first2=Doug|year=2005|orig-date=printed 1902 as {{-|Grammaire du Solrésol}}, translated 1997 (Rice), revised 2005 (Bigham)|title=Grammar of Solresol, or the Universal Language of François Sudre|url=https://i.sidosi.org/resources/grammar-of-solresol-bigham/grammar-of-solresol-bigham.pdf|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217001045if_/https://i.sidosi.org/resources/grammar-of-solresol-bigham/grammar-of-solresol-bigham.pdf|archive-date=2019-12-17|access-date=2019-12-16}}</ref> To je najviše publicirana verzija Solresola, zahvaljujući překladu na anglijsky od Stephena L. Ricea iz 1997,<ref name="grammar_pdf"/><ref name="grammar_eng"/> s znatnom količinom slovnika izměnjenogo od originala, kao i něktore gramatike. Jedny priměr je slovo ''fasol'', definovano kao "tutaj" v Sudreovom slovniku, ale "začto?" v Gajewskom. Tretja je neoficijalna verzija razvijana vremenom od komunity, nazvana "Moderny Solresol". Ona koristi Sudreovu verziju kao bazu, s prilagodbami gramatike i slovnika, takimi jako izměna definicij ''sisol'' i ''sila'' od značenja "Gospodin" i "Mlady muž" na sistem [[honorifik|honorifikov]] inspiriran onym koristanym v japonščině; oba su rodno-neutralne titule, jedna za byti poštivy, a druga za byti ljubazny.<ref name="Modern Solresol Dictionary">{{Cite web|last1=Osteen|first1=Garrison|last2=Walters|first2=Scott|last3=Parson|first3=Daniel|last4=Fernandez|first4=Tobias|date=2018-03-12|title=Solresol Dictionary Modernised|url=https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/182okssrHseIggjHGlzWyFH81-o8y8EsvQtJfPJYu6r8/edit|format=XLSX|website=Google Sheets|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250829164017if_/https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/182okssrHseIggjHGlzWyFH81-o8y8EsvQtJfPJYu6r8/edit|archive-date=2025-08-29|archive-format=XLSX|access-date=2019-12-22|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Gajewskogo publikacija donesla razne dodatky ktore ne konfliktu s originalnom verzijom jezyka, taki jako razne nove metody komunikacije,{{R|grammar_pdf|p=16}} vključujući: skup symbolov koristane sedmih barv duhy, i koristane [[tonic sol-fa]] za signiranje jezyka ==Fonologija== [[File:Solresol.svg|thumb|right|Sedm konvencionalnyh not, barv, sylab, čisel i glifov koristanyh za prenos fonemov Solresola]] Solresol może być komunikovany koristajući sedm različnyh predmetov, s maksimumom pet na slovo. Statistički, ty kombinacije daju sedm jedno-sylabnyh slov, 49 dvuh-sylabnyh, 336 tri-sylabnyh, 2.268 četyr-sylabnyh i 9.072 pet-sylabnyh, za ukupno 11.732 mogućih primarnyh slov.<ref name="pei" /> Glavna metoda komunikacije je koristane sedmih [[solfedžio]] sylab (forma [[solmizacija|solmizacije]]), ktore mogu byti akcentovane, prodloužene ili ponovljene. Najprostši način koristati ty sylaby je govoriti ih jako by one byly regularne [[sylaba|sylaby]]. {{Trěba iztočnik|Zbog togo že predchádza [[Medžunarodny fonetičny alfabet|MFA]], ne postoje posebna pravila izgovora izvan standardnyh čitanj solfège. Zbog togo že vsaka sylaba je dovoljno odlična, mogu byti izgovorjene skoro vsakym sposobom, ktory čitatej preferuje.}} Sudre je izložil način transkripcije fonetiky francozskogo (i tako mnogih drugih jezykov) do Solresola, primarno koristany za vlastne imenice.{{r|lmu1866|p=32}} Koristajući občne izgovory kako su dane od strane [[Wiktionary|Vikislovnika]], je moguće rekonstruovati tabulu glasov koristajući modernu IPA. Zbog malog broja sylab, je potrebno ostaviti kratku pauzu medźu slovami tako da vsako slovo ostane jasno odvojeno. Kako je primetil Boleslas Gajewski: "člověk bi měl věnovati veliku pozornost pauzi po vsakom slovu; ta mala pauza je potrebna za odvajanje slov, tako da slušatelj ne bude zbunjen".{{R|grammar_eng|p=Reversed meanings}} ===Slovnik=== V Solresol [[morfologija (lingvistika)|morfologiji]], vsako slovo je poděleno na kategorije ili značenja ili funkcije, gdźe duža slova su občno specifičnjejša. Slova se razlikuju po treh glavnyh karakteristikah: početnoj sylabě, dužině slova, i tomu da li ima par ponovljenih sylab. Slova koja su jedna i dve sylaby duge su koristana za [[Zaimennik|zaimenniky]] i občne [[Gramatična čestica|čestice]], a ty s ponovljenimi sylabami su [[Gramatično vreme|vremena]]. Slova koja su jednu sylabu duga su posvećena slovima ktora su često koristana (v času stvorenja Solresola). Ty ktore uključuju ponavljajuće sylaby su rezervovane za "čisla, měsece goda, dni neděle i temperatury [pogodne uslove]", na pr. redodo "jedny", remimi "dva" (po Gajewskom). Slova koja su četyri sylaby duga spadaju v razne tematske kategorije. Na pr., slova počinjuća s 'sol', koja ne uključuju ponovljene sylaby, imaju značenja vezana za umetnosti ili nauky (na pr. soldoredo, "umetnost"; solmiredo, "akustika").{{r|lmu1866|p=22.V}} Však, ako slova koja su četyri sylaby duga imaju par ponovljenih sylab, njihova značenja se odnose na bolesti ili medicinu (na pr. solsolredo, "migrena"; solreresol, "ospice").{{r|lmu1866|p=23.VI}} Točnjejše, klase bez ponovljenih sylab su: ''do'': člověk, njegovo tělo i duh, intelektualne sposobnosti, kvalitete i hrana; ''re'': odeća, dom, domaćinstvo i porodica; ''mi'': činjenja človeka i njegove mane; ''fa'': selo, putovanja, vojna, more; ''sol'': lepe umetnosti i nauky; ''la'': industrija i trgovina; ''si'': město, vlada i administracija. S ponovljenimi sylabami, iste sylaby daju: ''do'': religija; ''re'': konstrukcija i razne obrti; ''mi'': predlogi, prislovne fraze i izolovane prislovy; ''fa'': bolesti; ''sol'': bolesti (nast.); ''la'': industrija i trgovina (jako u tipu bez ponavljanja); ''si'': pravda, magistratura i sudovi. Konačno, kombinacije pet sylab označavaju životinje, rośliny i minerale. Po defaultu, vse žive imenice i zaimenniky podrazuměvaju da su mužskogo roda. Za razlikovanje ženskogo roda, bar, [[pomišljaj|pomišljaj]] ili [[makron (diakritika)|makron]] se dodaje na konačnu sylabu odgovarajućeg člena ili samogo slova. V govoru, to se označava ponavljanjem vokala sylaby, s [[glotalna stop|glotalnom stopom]] koja odvaja ponovljenu vokalu od ostatka slova.{{r|lmu1866|p=24}} Však, v modernyh překladah, zaimenniky se ne měnje v zavisnosti od [[Gramatičny rod|roda]]. Umesto toga, oni se prosto prevode na anglijsky kao neutralne zaimenniky; it i they. Jedna unikatna karakteristika Solresola je da značenja mogu byti obrnuta obrtanjem sylab v slovah. Na pr. ''fala'' znači dobro ili ukusno, a ''lafa'' znači zlo. Prekidi v logičkom poredu slov v vsakoj kategoriji su občno uzrokovani tymi obrtivymi slovami.{{r|lmu1866|p=31.XXI}} {| style="background: transparent; border: hidden;" | style="padding: 0 2em;" | {| class="wikitable" | [[File:Solresol - misol.jpg|x88px]] | [[File:Solresol - solmi.jpg|x88px]] |- | style="text-align: center;" | '''misol''': "dobro" | style="text-align: center;" | '''solmi''': "zlo" |} | style="padding-left: 2em;" | {| class="wikitable" | [[File:Solresol - domisol.jpg|x88px]] | [[File:Solresol - solmido.jpg|x88px]] |- | style="text-align: center;" | '''domisol''': "[[Bog]]" | style="text-align: center;" | '''solmido''': "[[Djavol]]" |} |} Však, ne vsa slova su obrtiva v tom smyslu, taki jako ''dorefare'' znači vrat, a ''refaredo'' znači garderoba, ktore očigledno nisu suprotnosti. Slědujuća tabula pokazuje slova do dvuh sylab iz Gajewskogo slovnika: {| class="wikitable" ! {{Diagonal split header|style=height: 3em; width: 7em|1. syl.|2. syl.}} ! ''Nijedna'' ! style="background-color: #f69;" | -do ! style="background-color: #f96;" | -re ! style="background-color: #ff9;" | -mi ! style="background-color: #9f6;" | -fa ! style="background-color: #9ff;" | -sol ! style="background-color: #96f;" | -la ! style="background-color: #f9f;" | -si/-ti |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #f69;" | Do- | style="background-color: #f69;" | ne, ni, niti | style="background-color: #f69;" | (prošlo) | ja, mene || ty [sg] || on || se, sebe || jedny, někto || drugy |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #f96;" | Re- | style="background-color: #f96;" | i, tak jako | moj, moje | style="background-color: #f96;" | (pluperfekt) | tvoj, tvoje [sg] || njegov || naš, naše || vaš, vaše [pl] || njihov |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #ff9;" | Mi- | style="background-color: #ff9;" | ili, ili čak | za, da bi/da || ktory, koja (odnos. zaim.), že (veznik) | style="background-color: #ff9;" | (buduće) | čij, čija || dobro (prisl.) || tutaj je/tu je, gle || dobar večer/noć |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #9f6;" | Fa- | style="background-color: #9f6;" | k, ka | što? || s, sa, zajedno || ovaj, ova, ovo | style="background-color: #9f6;" | (kond.) | začto, iz kog razloga || dobro, ukusno, slasno || mnogo, velmi, krajno |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #9ff;" | Sol- | style="background-color: #9ff;" | ako | ale || v, unutra || zlo, loše (prisl.) || zato, jer | style="background-color: #9ff;" | (imperativ) | věčno, vsegda, bez konca || hvala, hvaly |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #96f;" | <span style="color: #000;">La-</span> | style="background-color: #96f;" | <span style="color: #000;">ty (člen)</span> | ničto, nikto, nijedny || od, po || tutaj, tam || zlo, loše || nikogda, nikad | style="background-color: #96f;" | <span style="color: #000;">(prezentni participij)</span> || od, iz |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #f9f;"| Si-/Ti- | style="background-color: #f9f;" | da, dobro, rado, složeno | isto (stvar) | vsaky, každy | dobro jutro/popoldne | malo, jedva |gospodin, pan |mlady muž, neženja | style="background-color: #f9f;" | <span style="color: #000;">(pasivny participij)</span> |} Određeny člen ima razne forme za [[Nominativ|nominativny]], [[Genitiv|genitivny]] i [[Dativ|dativny]] padež, ili, v anglijskom, za "the", "to the" i "of the": 'la', 'fa' i 'lasi', po redu.{{r|lmu1866|p=23-24.VII-VIII}} ==Gramatika== Osim naglaska i dužiny, slova Solresola se ne inflektuju. Da bi rečenice ostale jasne, posebno s mogućnošću gubitka informacij pri komunikaciji, odredjene časti řeči sleduju strog slovored. :Prěvjesniki vsegda sleduju imenicu ktoru određuju. :Nepremni objekty vsegda dolaze poslě glagola.{{r|lmu1866|p=26.XII}} :Priměry dane v originalnoj dokumentaciji ukazuju na [[subjekt–glagol–objekt slovored|slovored subjekt–glagol–objekt]],{{R|lmu1866|p=29.XVII}} však, to ne bi mělo imati značenje dok rečenica ostaje prosta i jasna. :Vremena vsegda prethode glagolom.{{r|lmu1866|p=30.XIX}} Da bi se slovo stvorilo u množini, [[akút|akútny naglasak]] se dodaje iznad poslednje sylaby, ktory se v govoru izgovara produženjem poslednje bukvy te sylaby.{{r|lmu1866|p=24.IX}} Priměry kako označiti množinu mužskih i ženskih slov: :''resimire'' brat, ''resimirē/resimire-e'' sestra :''resimiré'' bracia, ''resimiréē/resimiré-e'' sestry To utiče samo na prvo slovo v [[imenična fraza|imeničnoj frazi]]. To jest, utiče samo na imenicu kada je imenica sama, jako iznad. Ako je slovo popraćeno gramatičkom česticom (la, fa ili lasi), čestica će nositi oznaku roda i/ili broja umesto toga: :''la resimire'' [ty] brat, ''lā/la-a resimire'' [ta] sestra :''lá resimire'' [ty] bracia, ''láā/lá-a resimire'' [ty] sestry Časti řeči (jako i specifičnjejše definicije za něktora slova) se izvode iz glagol postavljanjem [[cirkumfleks|cirkumfleksa]] iznad jedne od sylab v pisanju, i izgovaranjem te sylaby s [[Glossary of music terminology#R|rinforzando]] (iznenadny naglasak ili [[Dynamics (music)#Gradual changes|crescendo]]). S naglaskom postavljenim na prvu sylabu, slovo postaje imenica. V četyri-sylabnyh slovah, naglašavanje druge sylaby stvara imenicu činitelja. [[Penult]]imna sylaba stvara prěvjesnik, a poslednja stvara prislov.{{r|lmu1866|p=25.XI}} Na pr., :''midofa'' preferovati, ''mîdofa'' preferencija, ''midôfa'' preferabilny, ''midofâ'' preferabilno :''resolmila'' nastaviti, ''rêsolmila'' nastavjenje, ''resôlmila'' jedny ktory nastavlja, ''resolmîla'' staly, ''resolmilâ'' stalno Na kompjuteryh koristajući rasporede klavijatur bez cirkumfleksa, sylaba może być napisana velikimi bukvami, ili [[caret]] postavljen medźu bukvy sylaby ili poslě sylaby. Zbog gramatike i slovoreda Solresola, razlikovanje častij řeči občno nije potrebno za razuměnje rečenice. Razne [[tense–aspect–mood|vremensko-načinske]] čestice su dvojne sylaby, kako je dato u slovniku iznad. Dodatno, po Gajewskom, pasivne glagoly se tvore s ''faremi'' medźu tom česticom i glagolom. Subjunktiv se tvori s ''mire'' pred zaimennikom. Negacija ''do'' se pojavljuje samo jednom v klauzi, pred slovom koje negira. Slovo ''fasi'' pred imenicom ili prěvjesnikom je [[augmentativ|augmentativno]]; poslě njega je [[Degrees of comparison of adjectives and adverbs|superlativ]]. ''Sifa'' je suprotnost ([[diminutiv|diminutivno]]):{{r|lmu1866|p=21.III}} :''fala'' dobro, ''fasi fala'' velmi dobro, ''fala fasi'' odlično, najbolje; ''sifa fala'' dobro (ali ne odlično), ''fala sifa'' ne velmi dobro (i slično s ''lafa'' zlo) :''sisire'' vjetar, ''fasi sisire'' oluja, ''sisire fasi'' ciklon; ''sifa sisire'' povjetarac, ''sisire sifa'' kretanje vazduha Pitanja Pitanja v Solresolu ne dobijaju mnogo pažnje u originalnoj dokumentaciji, niti imaju mnogo priměrov. Sudreova publikacija uključuje tri priměra upitnyh rečenic:{{r|lmu1866|p=127}} :Je vaše zdravlje dobro? – Redofafa? :Hoćete li ići na selo ove godine? – Fadoremi? :Hoćete li ići u pozorište večeras? – Soldoremi? Da bi se to stvorilo kao potvrdna izjava, dodaje se osobny zaimennik poslě: :Moje zdravlje je dobro. – Redofafa dore. :Ići ću na selo ove godine. – Fadoremi dore. :Ići ću u pozorište večeras. – Soldoremi dore. Gajewski umesto toga postavlja subjekt rečenice poslě glagola umesto pred glagolom, konstrukcija občna v evropskih jezycich. Nektery priměry su:{{R|grammar_eng|p=Interrogation and Negation}} :Jesam li? – Faremi dore? :Razumije li on? – Falafa dofa? :Učite li? – Sidosi domi? V vsih verzijah jezyka, postoje slova četyri sylaby duga, ponovljena "Mi" sekcija slovnika koja uključuje neka občna pitanja, taki jako:{{r|lmu1866|p=109.123}} :Miladodo? – Do kogo stepena/mjere? :Milarere? – Dobro? :Misirere? – Kto je to? ==Pismo Solresol== [[File:Solresol symbols.svg|thumb|Simboly Solresola]] Pismo koristano v Solresolu sastoji se od sedmih unikatnyh symbolov, vsaky predstavljajući jednu od sedmih "not". Na pr., "[[C (muzikalna nota)|Do]]" je krug, a "[[G (muzikalna nota)|Sol]]" je horizontalna linija. Slova Solresola se tvore povezivanjem symbolov v poredu kako se pojavljuju v slovu. Dvojne note se predstavljaju križanjem symbola. [[File:Solresol words.svg|thumb|Něktore osnovne slova Solresola]] Druge karakteristike Nepristrasny i relativno prosty Integrovane sistemy ([[znakovny jezyk|znakovny jezyk]], barvy, itd.) za većinu [[invaliditet|ometenj]], odmah operativne bez posebnogo učenja Brzo uspěšno učenje za nepismene (samo sedm sylab ili znakov ili deset bukv za znati i prepoznati) Vrlo prosty ali efektivny sistem za razlikovanje funkcij slov v rečenicah Koristajući [[tonic sol-fa]] sistem od [[John Curwen|Johna Curwena]], Solresol może też być [[znakovny jezyk|znakovano]]. Daljnji razvoj Drugi način koristania Solresola se naziva ''ses'', razvijen od [[C. George Boeree|C. Georgea Boereea]].<ref name="loan_words">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|title=Using loan words in Solresol|url=https://www.tumblr.com/sidosi/181390815161/using-loan-words-in-solresol|website=Tumblr|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251128152044if_/https://www.tumblr.com/sidosi/181390815161/using-loan-words-in-solresol|archive-date=2025-11-28|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Koristajući to, note dobijaju reprezentativne konsonante i vokale (ili diftongy). Najprostša slova koriste samo vokalu, dok vsa druga koriste složenjejšu strukturu sylab. do ⇒ p / o re ⇒ k / e mi ⇒ m / i fa ⇒ f / a sol ⇒ s / u la ⇒ l / au ti ⇒ t / ai Na ovaj način, można pisati ili izgovarati slova taki jako to: : sol-sol-re-do ⇒ suko (cvcv) – migrena Zato što se množina i ženske forme slov u Solresolu označavaju naglaskom ili dužinom glasov, ses koristi ''pau'' (nektory) ili ''fai'' (mnogo) za označavanje množiny, i ''mu'' (dobro) za označavanje ženskogo roda kogda je potrebno. == Kodiranje == Zahtev za [[ISO 639-3]] jezykovy kod, privremeno predloženy jako {{Code|sud}}, był upućen [[SIL Global|SIL-u]] 28 avgusta 2017,<ref name="sil_change">{{Cite web|author=SIL International|author-link=SIL Global|date=2017-08-28|title=ISO 639-3 Registration Authority Request for Change No. 2017-032|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032.pdf|website=ISO 639-3|publication-place=[[Dallas]]|format=PDF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605171450if_/https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032.pdf|archive-date=2019-06-05|archive-format=PDF|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="sil_new">{{Cite web|author=SIL International|author-link=SIL Global|date=2017-08-28|title=Request for New Language Code Element in ISO 639-3: [sud]|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032_sud.pdf|website=ISO 639-3|publication-place=[[Dallas]]|format=PDF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605171450if_/https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032_sud.pdf|archive-date=2019-06-05|archive-format=PDF|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="sidosi_request">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|date=2017-07-28|title=The Road to ISO 639-3|url=https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=310|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230829154231if_/https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=310|archive-date=2023-08-29|access-date=2018-10-22|df=mdy-all}}</ref> ale był odrinuły 23 janvara 2018.<ref name="sil_rejection">{{Cite web|author=SIL International|author-link=SIL Global|date=2018-01-23|title=Comments received for ISO 639-3 Change Request 2017-032|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/CR_Comments_2017-032.pdf|website=ISO 639-3|publication-place=[[Dallas]]|format=PDF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605171452if_/https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/CR_Comments_2017-032.pdf|archive-date=2019-06-05|archive-format=PDF|page=2|access-date=2019-09-27|df=mdy-all|quote=Zahtev za stvorenje koda [sud] za Solresol je odrinuły.}}</ref><ref name="sidosi_rejection">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|date=2018-02-01|title=Beyond ISO 639-3 (for now)|url=https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=350|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230829153926if_/https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=350|archive-date=2023-08-29|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Solresol je dobil kody {{Code|qso}} i {{Code|art-x-solresol}} v [[Codes for constructed languages|ConLang Code Registry]].<ref name="clcr">{{Cite web|last=Bettencourt|first=Rebecca G.|date=2015-01-08|title=ConLang Code Registry|url=https://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/|website=Kreative Korporation|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221127152005if_/http://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/|archive-date=2022-11-27|access-date=2021-04-06|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Sedm osnovnyh symbolov bylo predloženo za registraciju v [[ConScript Unicode Registry]].<ref name="csur">{{Cite web|last=Everson|first=Michael|author-link=Michael Everson|date=1997-01-21|title=Solresol: U+E770–U+E77F|url=https://www.evertype.com/standards/csur/solresol.html|website=ConScript Unicode Registry|publisher=Evertype|publication-place=[[Lecanvey]], [[Ireland]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417191120if_/https://www.evertype.com/standards/csur/solresol.html|archive-date=2021-04-17|access-date=2021-04-06|df=mdy-all}}</ref> == Priměrne teksty == ; Članok 1 ''[[Universalna deklaracija prav člověka|Universalnoj deklaracija prav člověka]]'' na medžuslovjanskom : ''Vsi ljudi rodet se svobodnymi i ravnymi v svojem dostojenstvu i pravah. Oni sut obdarjene razumom i svědomjem i muset postupati v odnošenju jedin k drugomu v duhu bratstva.'' ; Prěvod na Solresol : Siré misolredo faremi doredore domisimi re misóla, solfalafá dósila re réfasi. Dófa faremi remila fare dômilafa re dôfasifa, re fafa fasolfa midolǎ fare dômisola lasi sîmisila. ; Predstavjeno koristajuči ''ses'' Solresol : Sé muro fem pepe omúm e múl, salá ósau e éfai. Óf fem ril fe ômauf e ôfaif, e fa fuf ipǎu fe ômul lai âimail. == Gledite takože == * [[muzikalny jezyk]] * [[solfedžio]] * [[Tonic sol-fa]] * [[Voyage to Faremido]] * [[Ro jezyk]] ==Iztočniky== {{Iztočniky}} == Čitati dalje == * {{Cite book|last=Sudre|first=François|year=1866|title=Langue Musicale Universelle|url=http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/ladosol.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070831060525if_/http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/ladosol.html|archive-date=2007-08-31|publication-place=Paris|language=fr}} – HTML verzija celogo teksta Sudreovogo toma iz 1866, s originalnym [https://web.archive.org/web/20070831061613if_/http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/lrls_sosfs.html slovnikom] i [https://web.archive.org/web/20080310234035/http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/solrelaF.html frazeologijom] (v francozskom). * {{Cite book|last1=Couturat|first1=Louis|last2=Leau|first2=Léopold|year=1903|title=Histoire de la Langue Universelle|url=https://archive.org/details/histoiredelalang00coutuoft|publisher=Librairie Hachette|publication-place=[[Paris]]|language=fr|access-date=2025-11-28|df=mdy-all}} * {{Cite book|last=Eco|first=Umberto|author-link=Umberto Eco|date=1997-04-08|title=The Search for the Perfect Language|url=https://archive.org/details/searchforperfect00ecou|publisher=[[Wiley-Blackwell]]|publication-place=[[Cambridge, Massachusetts|Cambridge, Mass.]]|edition=1|series=The Making of Europe|isbn=978-0-631-20510-4|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}} ==Vněšnje linky== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20191115021254if_/https://www.omniglot.com/writing/solresol.htm Solresol jezyk i stenografično pismo] na Omniglot, online enciklopediji sistemov pisanja i jezykov * Anglijsko-Solresol slovniky od [https://web.archive.org/web/20250121193252if_/http://www.datapacrat.com/True/LANG/SOLRESOL/DICTIONA.HTM Jasona Hutchensa] (6 julija 1998) i [https://web.archive.org/web/20100923132246if_/http://www.ifost.org.au/~gregb/solresol/sorsolex.htm Stephena L. Ricea] (19 novembra 1997) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20231130083816if_/http://sharyphil.com/root/solresol-the-project/ SolReSol: Projekt v0.95] od Phila Sharyja, open source Solresol–anglijsky i anglijsky–Solresol překladateľsky program za Windows (32- i 64-bitny) s live MIDI podporom (24 februara 2015) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20250818235352if_/https://wiki.xxiivv.com/site/solresol.html Moderny Simetričny Solresol] od Davida Mondou-Labbého (28 septembra 2023) * [https://eliseduv.dev/solresol/ Překladač Anglijsky↔Solresol] {{Umětne jezyky}} [[Kategorija:1827 introdukcije]] [[Kategorija:Analitične jezyky]] [[Kategorija:Konstruovane jezyky]] [[Kategorija:Medžunarodne pomočne jezyky]] [[Kategorija:jezyky potvrđene od 1820-tyh]] [[Kategorija:muzikalne jezyky]] 3gohm0llhzej2twu5yinqu4uhfscf8m 45640 45639 2026-08-13T09:36:08Z Ilja isv 10 /* Evolucija */ 45640 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kartka jezyk | name = Solresol | nativename = <center>''[[solfedžio]]'': Sol-Re-Sol</center> | image = Solresol-langage.svg | created = 1827 | creator = [[François Sudre|{{-|François Sudre|Франсуа Судр}}]] | fam1 = [[umětne jezyky]] | fam2 = [[Pomočny jezyk]], [[Umětne jezyky#A priori|a priori]] | fam3 = [[muzikalny jezyk]] | posteriori = [[Umětne jezyky#A priori|a priori]] | script = pismo Solresol ; [[solfedžio]]; [[noty]]; [[barvy spektra]] | sign = Podpisana notacija; [[tonic sol-fa]] znaky od [[John Curwen]] | iso3 = qso | iso3comment = [https://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/ (lokalno koristane)] | glotto = none | ietf = [https://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/ art-x-solresol] }} '''Solresol''' ([[solfedžio]]: [[G (muzikalna nota)|Sol]]-[[D (muzikalna nota)|Re]]-[[G (muzikalna nota)|Sol]]), prvonačelno nazyvany {{Lang|fr|Langue universelle}} (bukv. 'Universalny jezyk') a potom {{Lang|fr|Langue musicale universelle}} ('Universalny muzikalny jezyk'), je [[muzikalny jezyk|muzikalny]] [[umětny jezyk]] stvorjeny od francozskogo učiteľa musiky i kompozitora [[François Sudre|Jean-Françoisa Sudrea]] (1787–1862), počinajući v 1817. Njegova kniga definujuća to, {{Lang|fr|Langue Musicale Universelle}}, była publikovana posmrtno v 1866,<ref name="lmu1866">{{Cite book|last=Sudre|first=François|year=1866|title=Langue Musicale Universelle|url=https://www.ifost.org.au/~gregb/solresol/sudre-book.pdf|format=PDF|url-status=live|publication-place=[[Paris]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320142510if_/http://www.ifost.org.au/~gregb/solresol/sudre-book.pdf|archive-date=2012-03-20|archive-format=PDF|language=fr|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> iako je on već několik godin publiciral to. Solresol doživil kratky čas popularnosti v drugej polovici 19. stolěća i był sponzorovan od takyh osob jako [[Victor Hugo]], [[Alphonse de Lamartine]], [[Alexander von Humboldt]] i [[Napoleon III]],<ref name="pei">{{Cite book|last=Pei|first=Mario|author-link=Mario Pei|year=1969|title=Wanted: A World Language|type=Pamphlet|series=Public Affairs|volume=434|pages=11–12|publisher=Public Affairs Committee|publication-place=[[New York City]]|url=http://www.autodidactproject.org/other/pei_worldlg.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180125230417if_/http://www.autodidactproject.org/other/pei_worldlg.html|archive-date=2018-01-25|access-date=2025-11-28|df=mdy-all}}</ref> kulminujući s publikacijom [[Boleslas Gajewski|Boleslasa Gajewskogo]] {{Lang|fr|Grammaire du Solresol}} v 1902. Dnes, postoje male komunity entuzijastov Solresola rozsypane po cělem světě.<ref name="sidosi">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|title=Sidosi Home|url=https://www.sidosi.org/|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004090845if_/https://www.sidosi.org/|archive-date=2023-10-04|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> == Evolucija == Postoji několik verzij Solresola, každá s malymi razlikami. Tri glavne varijacije ktore su ješte v oběgu—Sudre, Gajewski i "Modern"—razlikuju se pretežno v različnyh elementah slovnika, a složaju se pretežno o gramatike. Sudre je stvoril jezyk, i tako njegova verzija zaslužuje nazv byti originalnom verzijom Solresola. Vincent Gajewski, parizsky profesor, popularizoval jezyk jako predsednik Centralnogo Komiteta za Studium i Napredovanje Solresola, ktory był osnovan v 1869 od Sudreove udovy, Joséphine, da bi dalje promoviral njegovo dělo. Boleslas Gajewski, Vincentov syn i sam profesor, formalizoval gramatiku i napisal definitivno dělo o jezyka: {{Lang|fr|Grammaire du Solrésol}} (Gramatika Solresola).<ref name="grammar_eng">{{Cite web|last1=Gajewski|first1=Boleslas|last2=Rice|first2=Stephen L.|date=1997-11-19|orig-date=printed 1902 as {{-|Grammaire du Solrésol}}, translated 1997|title=Grammar of Solresol, or the Universal Language of François Sudre | url = http://www.ptialaska.net/~srice/solresol/sorsoeng.htm | website = Stephen L. Rice: The Solresol Page | url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070413035441if_/http://www.ptialaska.net/~srice/solresol/sorsoeng.htm|archive-date=2007-04-13|access-date=2019-09-29}}</ref><ref name="grammar_pdf">{{Cite web|last=Gajewski|first=Boleslas|editor-last1=Rice|editor-first1=Stephen L.|editor-last2=Bigham|editor-first2=Doug|year=2005|orig-date=printed 1902 as {{-|Grammaire du Solrésol}}, translated 1997 (Rice), revised 2005 (Bigham)|title=Grammar of Solresol, or the Universal Language of François Sudre|url=https://i.sidosi.org/resources/grammar-of-solresol-bigham/grammar-of-solresol-bigham.pdf|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217001045if_/https://i.sidosi.org/resources/grammar-of-solresol-bigham/grammar-of-solresol-bigham.pdf|archive-date=2019-12-17|access-date=2019-12-16}}</ref> To je najviše publicirana verzija Solresola, zahvaljujući překladu na anglijsky od Stephena L. Ricea iz 1997,<ref name="grammar_pdf"/><ref name="grammar_eng"/> s znatnom količinom slovnika izměnjenogo od originala, kao i něktore gramatike. Jedny priměr je slovo ''fasol'', definovano kao "tutaj" v Sudreovom slovniku, ale "začto?" v Gajewskom. Tretja je neoficijalna verzija razvijana vremenom od komunity, nazvana "Moderny Solresol". Ona koristi Sudreovu verziju kao bazu, s prilagodbami gramatike i slovnika, takimi jako izměna definicij ''sisol'' i ''sila'' od značenja "Gospodin" i "Mlady muž" na sistem [[honorifik|honorifikov]] inspiriran onym koristanym v japonščině; oba su rodno-neutralne titule, jedna za byti poštivy, a druga za byti ljubazny.<ref name="Modern Solresol Dictionary">{{Cite web|last1=Osteen|first1=Garrison|last2=Walters|first2=Scott|last3=Parson|first3=Daniel|last4=Fernandez|first4=Tobias|date=2018-03-12|title=Solresol Dictionary Modernised|url=https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/182okssrHseIggjHGlzWyFH81-o8y8EsvQtJfPJYu6r8/edit|format=XLSX|website=Google Sheets|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250829164017if_/https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/182okssrHseIggjHGlzWyFH81-o8y8EsvQtJfPJYu6r8/edit|archive-date=2025-08-29|archive-format=XLSX|access-date=2019-12-22|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Gajewskogo publikacija donesla razne dodatky ktore ne konfliktu s originalnom verzijom jezyka, taki jako razne nove metody komunikacije,{{R|grammar_pdf|p=16}} vključujući: skup symbolov koristane sedmih barv duhy, i koristane [[tonic sol-fa]] za signiranje jezyka ==Fonologija== [[File:Solresol.svg|thumb|right|Sedm konvencionalnyh not, barv, sylab, čisel i glifov koristanyh za prenos fonemov Solresola]] Solresol może być komunikovany koristajući sedm različnyh predmetov, s maksimumom pet na slovo. Statistički, ty kombinacije daju sedm jedno-sylabnyh slov, 49 dvuh-sylabnyh, 336 tri-sylabnyh, 2.268 četyr-sylabnyh i 9.072 pet-sylabnyh, za ukupno 11.732 mogućih primarnyh slov.<ref name="pei" /> Glavna metoda komunikacije je koristane sedmih [[solfedžio]] sylab (forma [[solmizacija|solmizacije]]), ktore mogu byti akcentovane, prodloužene ili ponovljene. Najprostši način koristati ty sylaby je govoriti ih jako by one byly regularne [[sylaba|sylaby]]. {{Trěba iztočnik|Zbog togo že predchádza [[Medžunarodny fonetičny alfabet|MFA]], ne postoje posebna pravila izgovora izvan standardnyh čitanj solfège. Zbog togo že vsaka sylaba je dovoljno odlična, mogu byti izgovorjene skoro vsakym sposobom, ktory čitatej preferuje.}} Sudre je izložil način transkripcije fonetiky francozskogo (i tako mnogih drugih jezykov) do Solresola, primarno koristany za vlastne imenice.{{r|lmu1866|p=32}} Koristajući občne izgovory kako su dane od strane [[Wiktionary|Vikislovnika]], je moguće rekonstruovati tabulu glasov koristajući modernu IPA. Zbog malog broja sylab, je potrebno ostaviti kratku pauzu medźu slovami tako da vsako slovo ostane jasno odvojeno. Kako je primetil Boleslas Gajewski: "člověk bi měl věnovati veliku pozornost pauzi po vsakom slovu; ta mala pauza je potrebna za odvajanje slov, tako da slušatelj ne bude zbunjen".{{R|grammar_eng|p=Reversed meanings}} ===Slovnik=== V Solresol [[morfologija (lingvistika)|morfologiji]], vsako slovo je poděleno na kategorije ili značenja ili funkcije, gdźe duža slova su občno specifičnjejša. Slova se razlikuju po treh glavnyh karakteristikah: početnoj sylabě, dužině slova, i tomu da li ima par ponovljenih sylab. Slova koja su jedna i dve sylaby duge su koristana za [[Zaimennik|zaimenniky]] i občne [[Gramatična čestica|čestice]], a ty s ponovljenimi sylabami su [[Gramatično vreme|vremena]]. Slova koja su jednu sylabu duga su posvećena slovima ktora su često koristana (v času stvorenja Solresola). Ty ktore uključuju ponavljajuće sylaby su rezervovane za "čisla, měsece goda, dni neděle i temperatury [pogodne uslove]", na pr. redodo "jedny", remimi "dva" (po Gajewskom). Slova koja su četyri sylaby duga spadaju v razne tematske kategorije. Na pr., slova počinjuća s 'sol', koja ne uključuju ponovljene sylaby, imaju značenja vezana za umetnosti ili nauky (na pr. soldoredo, "umetnost"; solmiredo, "akustika").{{r|lmu1866|p=22.V}} Však, ako slova koja su četyri sylaby duga imaju par ponovljenih sylab, njihova značenja se odnose na bolesti ili medicinu (na pr. solsolredo, "migrena"; solreresol, "ospice").{{r|lmu1866|p=23.VI}} Točnjejše, klase bez ponovljenih sylab su: ''do'': člověk, njegovo tělo i duh, intelektualne sposobnosti, kvalitete i hrana; ''re'': odeća, dom, domaćinstvo i porodica; ''mi'': činjenja človeka i njegove mane; ''fa'': selo, putovanja, vojna, more; ''sol'': lepe umetnosti i nauky; ''la'': industrija i trgovina; ''si'': město, vlada i administracija. S ponovljenimi sylabami, iste sylaby daju: ''do'': religija; ''re'': konstrukcija i razne obrti; ''mi'': predlogi, prislovne fraze i izolovane prislovy; ''fa'': bolesti; ''sol'': bolesti (nast.); ''la'': industrija i trgovina (jako u tipu bez ponavljanja); ''si'': pravda, magistratura i sudovi. Konačno, kombinacije pet sylab označavaju životinje, rośliny i minerale. Po defaultu, vse žive imenice i zaimenniky podrazuměvaju da su mužskogo roda. Za razlikovanje ženskogo roda, bar, [[pomišljaj|pomišljaj]] ili [[makron (diakritika)|makron]] se dodaje na konačnu sylabu odgovarajućeg člena ili samogo slova. V govoru, to se označava ponavljanjem vokala sylaby, s [[glotalna stop|glotalnom stopom]] koja odvaja ponovljenu vokalu od ostatka slova.{{r|lmu1866|p=24}} Však, v modernyh překladah, zaimenniky se ne měnje v zavisnosti od [[Gramatičny rod|roda]]. Umesto toga, oni se prosto prevode na anglijsky kao neutralne zaimenniky; it i they. Jedna unikatna karakteristika Solresola je da značenja mogu byti obrnuta obrtanjem sylab v slovah. Na pr. ''fala'' znači dobro ili ukusno, a ''lafa'' znači zlo. Prekidi v logičkom poredu slov v vsakoj kategoriji su občno uzrokovani tymi obrtivymi slovami.{{r|lmu1866|p=31.XXI}} {| style="background: transparent; border: hidden;" | style="padding: 0 2em;" | {| class="wikitable" | [[File:Solresol - misol.jpg|x88px]] | [[File:Solresol - solmi.jpg|x88px]] |- | style="text-align: center;" | '''misol''': "dobro" | style="text-align: center;" | '''solmi''': "zlo" |} | style="padding-left: 2em;" | {| class="wikitable" | [[File:Solresol - domisol.jpg|x88px]] | [[File:Solresol - solmido.jpg|x88px]] |- | style="text-align: center;" | '''domisol''': "[[Bog]]" | style="text-align: center;" | '''solmido''': "[[Djavol]]" |} |} Však, ne vsa slova su obrtiva v tom smyslu, taki jako ''dorefare'' znači vrat, a ''refaredo'' znači garderoba, ktore očigledno nisu suprotnosti. Slědujuća tabula pokazuje slova do dvuh sylab iz Gajewskogo slovnika: {| class="wikitable" ! {{Diagonal split header|style=height: 3em; width: 7em|1. syl.|2. syl.}} ! ''Nijedna'' ! style="background-color: #f69;" | -do ! style="background-color: #f96;" | -re ! style="background-color: #ff9;" | -mi ! style="background-color: #9f6;" | -fa ! style="background-color: #9ff;" | -sol ! style="background-color: #96f;" | -la ! style="background-color: #f9f;" | -si/-ti |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #f69;" | Do- | style="background-color: #f69;" | ne, ni, niti | style="background-color: #f69;" | (prošlo) | ja, mene || ty [sg] || on || se, sebe || jedny, někto || drugy |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #f96;" | Re- | style="background-color: #f96;" | i, tak jako | moj, moje | style="background-color: #f96;" | (pluperfekt) | tvoj, tvoje [sg] || njegov || naš, naše || vaš, vaše [pl] || njihov |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #ff9;" | Mi- | style="background-color: #ff9;" | ili, ili čak | za, da bi/da || ktory, koja (odnos. zaim.), že (veznik) | style="background-color: #ff9;" | (buduće) | čij, čija || dobro (prisl.) || tutaj je/tu je, gle || dobar večer/noć |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #9f6;" | Fa- | style="background-color: #9f6;" | k, ka | što? || s, sa, zajedno || ovaj, ova, ovo | style="background-color: #9f6;" | (kond.) | začto, iz kog razloga || dobro, ukusno, slasno || mnogo, velmi, krajno |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #9ff;" | Sol- | style="background-color: #9ff;" | ako | ale || v, unutra || zlo, loše (prisl.) || zato, jer | style="background-color: #9ff;" | (imperativ) | věčno, vsegda, bez konca || hvala, hvaly |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #96f;" | <span style="color: #000;">La-</span> | style="background-color: #96f;" | <span style="color: #000;">ty (člen)</span> | ničto, nikto, nijedny || od, po || tutaj, tam || zlo, loše || nikogda, nikad | style="background-color: #96f;" | <span style="color: #000;">(prezentni participij)</span> || od, iz |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #f9f;"| Si-/Ti- | style="background-color: #f9f;" | da, dobro, rado, složeno | isto (stvar) | vsaky, každy | dobro jutro/popoldne | malo, jedva |gospodin, pan |mlady muž, neženja | style="background-color: #f9f;" | <span style="color: #000;">(pasivny participij)</span> |} Određeny člen ima razne forme za [[Nominativ|nominativny]], [[Genitiv|genitivny]] i [[Dativ|dativny]] padež, ili, v anglijskom, za "the", "to the" i "of the": 'la', 'fa' i 'lasi', po redu.{{r|lmu1866|p=23-24.VII-VIII}} ==Gramatika== Osim naglaska i dužiny, slova Solresola se ne inflektuju. Da bi rečenice ostale jasne, posebno s mogućnošću gubitka informacij pri komunikaciji, odredjene časti řeči sleduju strog slovored. :Prěvjesniki vsegda sleduju imenicu ktoru određuju. :Nepremni objekty vsegda dolaze poslě glagola.{{r|lmu1866|p=26.XII}} :Priměry dane v originalnoj dokumentaciji ukazuju na [[subjekt–glagol–objekt slovored|slovored subjekt–glagol–objekt]],{{R|lmu1866|p=29.XVII}} však, to ne bi mělo imati značenje dok rečenica ostaje prosta i jasna. :Vremena vsegda prethode glagolom.{{r|lmu1866|p=30.XIX}} Da bi se slovo stvorilo u množini, [[akút|akútny naglasak]] se dodaje iznad poslednje sylaby, ktory se v govoru izgovara produženjem poslednje bukvy te sylaby.{{r|lmu1866|p=24.IX}} Priměry kako označiti množinu mužskih i ženskih slov: :''resimire'' brat, ''resimirē/resimire-e'' sestra :''resimiré'' bracia, ''resimiréē/resimiré-e'' sestry To utiče samo na prvo slovo v [[imenična fraza|imeničnoj frazi]]. To jest, utiče samo na imenicu kada je imenica sama, jako iznad. Ako je slovo popraćeno gramatičkom česticom (la, fa ili lasi), čestica će nositi oznaku roda i/ili broja umesto toga: :''la resimire'' [ty] brat, ''lā/la-a resimire'' [ta] sestra :''lá resimire'' [ty] bracia, ''láā/lá-a resimire'' [ty] sestry Časti řeči (jako i specifičnjejše definicije za něktora slova) se izvode iz glagol postavljanjem [[cirkumfleks|cirkumfleksa]] iznad jedne od sylab v pisanju, i izgovaranjem te sylaby s [[Glossary of music terminology#R|rinforzando]] (iznenadny naglasak ili [[Dynamics (music)#Gradual changes|crescendo]]). S naglaskom postavljenim na prvu sylabu, slovo postaje imenica. V četyri-sylabnyh slovah, naglašavanje druge sylaby stvara imenicu činitelja. [[Penult]]imna sylaba stvara prěvjesnik, a poslednja stvara prislov.{{r|lmu1866|p=25.XI}} Na pr., :''midofa'' preferovati, ''mîdofa'' preferencija, ''midôfa'' preferabilny, ''midofâ'' preferabilno :''resolmila'' nastaviti, ''rêsolmila'' nastavjenje, ''resôlmila'' jedny ktory nastavlja, ''resolmîla'' staly, ''resolmilâ'' stalno Na kompjuteryh koristajući rasporede klavijatur bez cirkumfleksa, sylaba może być napisana velikimi bukvami, ili [[caret]] postavljen medźu bukvy sylaby ili poslě sylaby. Zbog gramatike i slovoreda Solresola, razlikovanje častij řeči občno nije potrebno za razuměnje rečenice. Razne [[tense–aspect–mood|vremensko-načinske]] čestice su dvojne sylaby, kako je dato u slovniku iznad. Dodatno, po Gajewskom, pasivne glagoly se tvore s ''faremi'' medźu tom česticom i glagolom. Subjunktiv se tvori s ''mire'' pred zaimennikom. Negacija ''do'' se pojavljuje samo jednom v klauzi, pred slovom koje negira. Slovo ''fasi'' pred imenicom ili prěvjesnikom je [[augmentativ|augmentativno]]; poslě njega je [[Degrees of comparison of adjectives and adverbs|superlativ]]. ''Sifa'' je suprotnost ([[diminutiv|diminutivno]]):{{r|lmu1866|p=21.III}} :''fala'' dobro, ''fasi fala'' velmi dobro, ''fala fasi'' odlično, najbolje; ''sifa fala'' dobro (ali ne odlično), ''fala sifa'' ne velmi dobro (i slično s ''lafa'' zlo) :''sisire'' vjetar, ''fasi sisire'' oluja, ''sisire fasi'' ciklon; ''sifa sisire'' povjetarac, ''sisire sifa'' kretanje vazduha Pitanja Pitanja v Solresolu ne dobijaju mnogo pažnje u originalnoj dokumentaciji, niti imaju mnogo priměrov. Sudreova publikacija uključuje tri priměra upitnyh rečenic:{{r|lmu1866|p=127}} :Je vaše zdravlje dobro? – Redofafa? :Hoćete li ići na selo ove godine? – Fadoremi? :Hoćete li ići u pozorište večeras? – Soldoremi? Da bi se to stvorilo kao potvrdna izjava, dodaje se osobny zaimennik poslě: :Moje zdravlje je dobro. – Redofafa dore. :Ići ću na selo ove godine. – Fadoremi dore. :Ići ću u pozorište večeras. – Soldoremi dore. Gajewski umesto toga postavlja subjekt rečenice poslě glagola umesto pred glagolom, konstrukcija občna v evropskih jezycich. Nektery priměry su:{{R|grammar_eng|p=Interrogation and Negation}} :Jesam li? – Faremi dore? :Razumije li on? – Falafa dofa? :Učite li? – Sidosi domi? V vsih verzijah jezyka, postoje slova četyri sylaby duga, ponovljena "Mi" sekcija slovnika koja uključuje neka občna pitanja, taki jako:{{r|lmu1866|p=109.123}} :Miladodo? – Do kogo stepena/mjere? :Milarere? – Dobro? :Misirere? – Kto je to? ==Pismo Solresol== [[File:Solresol symbols.svg|thumb|Simboly Solresola]] Pismo koristano v Solresolu sastoji se od sedmih unikatnyh symbolov, vsaky predstavljajući jednu od sedmih "not". Na pr., "[[C (muzikalna nota)|Do]]" je krug, a "[[G (muzikalna nota)|Sol]]" je horizontalna linija. Slova Solresola se tvore povezivanjem symbolov v poredu kako se pojavljuju v slovu. Dvojne note se predstavljaju križanjem symbola. [[File:Solresol words.svg|thumb|Něktore osnovne slova Solresola]] Druge karakteristike Nepristrasny i relativno prosty Integrovane sistemy ([[znakovny jezyk|znakovny jezyk]], barvy, itd.) za većinu [[invaliditet|ometenj]], odmah operativne bez posebnogo učenja Brzo uspěšno učenje za nepismene (samo sedm sylab ili znakov ili deset bukv za znati i prepoznati) Vrlo prosty ali efektivny sistem za razlikovanje funkcij slov v rečenicah Koristajući [[tonic sol-fa]] sistem od [[John Curwen|Johna Curwena]], Solresol może też być [[znakovny jezyk|znakovano]]. Daljnji razvoj Drugi način koristania Solresola se naziva ''ses'', razvijen od [[C. George Boeree|C. Georgea Boereea]].<ref name="loan_words">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|title=Using loan words in Solresol|url=https://www.tumblr.com/sidosi/181390815161/using-loan-words-in-solresol|website=Tumblr|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251128152044if_/https://www.tumblr.com/sidosi/181390815161/using-loan-words-in-solresol|archive-date=2025-11-28|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Koristajući to, note dobijaju reprezentativne konsonante i vokale (ili diftongy). Najprostša slova koriste samo vokalu, dok vsa druga koriste složenjejšu strukturu sylab. do ⇒ p / o re ⇒ k / e mi ⇒ m / i fa ⇒ f / a sol ⇒ s / u la ⇒ l / au ti ⇒ t / ai Na ovaj način, można pisati ili izgovarati slova taki jako to: : sol-sol-re-do ⇒ suko (cvcv) – migrena Zato što se množina i ženske forme slov u Solresolu označavaju naglaskom ili dužinom glasov, ses koristi ''pau'' (nektory) ili ''fai'' (mnogo) za označavanje množiny, i ''mu'' (dobro) za označavanje ženskogo roda kogda je potrebno. == Kodiranje == Zahtev za [[ISO 639-3]] jezykovy kod, privremeno predloženy jako {{Code|sud}}, był upućen [[SIL Global|SIL-u]] 28 avgusta 2017,<ref name="sil_change">{{Cite web|author=SIL International|author-link=SIL Global|date=2017-08-28|title=ISO 639-3 Registration Authority Request for Change No. 2017-032|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032.pdf|website=ISO 639-3|publication-place=[[Dallas]]|format=PDF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605171450if_/https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032.pdf|archive-date=2019-06-05|archive-format=PDF|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="sil_new">{{Cite web|author=SIL International|author-link=SIL Global|date=2017-08-28|title=Request for New Language Code Element in ISO 639-3: [sud]|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032_sud.pdf|website=ISO 639-3|publication-place=[[Dallas]]|format=PDF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605171450if_/https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032_sud.pdf|archive-date=2019-06-05|archive-format=PDF|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="sidosi_request">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|date=2017-07-28|title=The Road to ISO 639-3|url=https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=310|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230829154231if_/https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=310|archive-date=2023-08-29|access-date=2018-10-22|df=mdy-all}}</ref> ale był odrinuły 23 janvara 2018.<ref name="sil_rejection">{{Cite web|author=SIL International|author-link=SIL Global|date=2018-01-23|title=Comments received for ISO 639-3 Change Request 2017-032|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/CR_Comments_2017-032.pdf|website=ISO 639-3|publication-place=[[Dallas]]|format=PDF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605171452if_/https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/CR_Comments_2017-032.pdf|archive-date=2019-06-05|archive-format=PDF|page=2|access-date=2019-09-27|df=mdy-all|quote=Zahtev za stvorenje koda [sud] za Solresol je odrinuły.}}</ref><ref name="sidosi_rejection">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|date=2018-02-01|title=Beyond ISO 639-3 (for now)|url=https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=350|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230829153926if_/https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=350|archive-date=2023-08-29|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Solresol je dobil kody {{Code|qso}} i {{Code|art-x-solresol}} v [[Codes for constructed languages|ConLang Code Registry]].<ref name="clcr">{{Cite web|last=Bettencourt|first=Rebecca G.|date=2015-01-08|title=ConLang Code Registry|url=https://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/|website=Kreative Korporation|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221127152005if_/http://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/|archive-date=2022-11-27|access-date=2021-04-06|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Sedm osnovnyh symbolov bylo predloženo za registraciju v [[ConScript Unicode Registry]].<ref name="csur">{{Cite web|last=Everson|first=Michael|author-link=Michael Everson|date=1997-01-21|title=Solresol: U+E770–U+E77F|url=https://www.evertype.com/standards/csur/solresol.html|website=ConScript Unicode Registry|publisher=Evertype|publication-place=[[Lecanvey]], [[Ireland]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417191120if_/https://www.evertype.com/standards/csur/solresol.html|archive-date=2021-04-17|access-date=2021-04-06|df=mdy-all}}</ref> == Priměrne teksty == ; Članok 1 ''[[Universalna deklaracija prav člověka|Universalnoj deklaracija prav člověka]]'' na medžuslovjanskom : ''Vsi ljudi rodet se svobodnymi i ravnymi v svojem dostojenstvu i pravah. Oni sut obdarjene razumom i svědomjem i muset postupati v odnošenju jedin k drugomu v duhu bratstva.'' ; Prěvod na Solresol : Siré misolredo faremi doredore domisimi re misóla, solfalafá dósila re réfasi. Dófa faremi remila fare dômilafa re dôfasifa, re fafa fasolfa midolǎ fare dômisola lasi sîmisila. ; Predstavjeno koristajuči ''ses'' Solresol : Sé muro fem pepe omúm e múl, salá ósau e éfai. Óf fem ril fe ômauf e ôfaif, e fa fuf ipǎu fe ômul lai âimail. == Gledite takože == * [[muzikalny jezyk]] * [[solfedžio]] * [[Tonic sol-fa]] * [[Voyage to Faremido]] * [[Ro jezyk]] ==Iztočniky== {{Iztočniky}} == Čitati dalje == * {{Cite book|last=Sudre|first=François|year=1866|title=Langue Musicale Universelle|url=http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/ladosol.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070831060525if_/http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/ladosol.html|archive-date=2007-08-31|publication-place=Paris|language=fr}} – HTML verzija celogo teksta Sudreovogo toma iz 1866, s originalnym [https://web.archive.org/web/20070831061613if_/http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/lrls_sosfs.html slovnikom] i [https://web.archive.org/web/20080310234035/http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/solrelaF.html frazeologijom] (v francozskom). * {{Cite book|last1=Couturat|first1=Louis|last2=Leau|first2=Léopold|year=1903|title=Histoire de la Langue Universelle|url=https://archive.org/details/histoiredelalang00coutuoft|publisher=Librairie Hachette|publication-place=[[Paris]]|language=fr|access-date=2025-11-28|df=mdy-all}} * {{Cite book|last=Eco|first=Umberto|author-link=Umberto Eco|date=1997-04-08|title=The Search for the Perfect Language|url=https://archive.org/details/searchforperfect00ecou|publisher=[[Wiley-Blackwell]]|publication-place=[[Cambridge, Massachusetts|Cambridge, Mass.]]|edition=1|series=The Making of Europe|isbn=978-0-631-20510-4|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}} ==Vněšnje linky== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20191115021254if_/https://www.omniglot.com/writing/solresol.htm Solresol jezyk i stenografično pismo] na Omniglot, online enciklopediji sistemov pisanja i jezykov * Anglijsko-Solresol slovniky od [https://web.archive.org/web/20250121193252if_/http://www.datapacrat.com/True/LANG/SOLRESOL/DICTIONA.HTM Jasona Hutchensa] (6 julija 1998) i [https://web.archive.org/web/20100923132246if_/http://www.ifost.org.au/~gregb/solresol/sorsolex.htm Stephena L. Ricea] (19 novembra 1997) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20231130083816if_/http://sharyphil.com/root/solresol-the-project/ SolReSol: Projekt v0.95] od Phila Sharyja, open source Solresol–anglijsky i anglijsky–Solresol překladateľsky program za Windows (32- i 64-bitny) s live MIDI podporom (24 februara 2015) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20250818235352if_/https://wiki.xxiivv.com/site/solresol.html Moderny Simetričny Solresol] od Davida Mondou-Labbého (28 septembra 2023) * [https://eliseduv.dev/solresol/ Překladač Anglijsky↔Solresol] {{Umětne jezyky}} [[Kategorija:1827 introdukcije]] [[Kategorija:Analitične jezyky]] [[Kategorija:Konstruovane jezyky]] [[Kategorija:Medžunarodne pomočne jezyky]] [[Kategorija:jezyky potvrđene od 1820-tyh]] [[Kategorija:muzikalne jezyky]] jo991poslk39xpv6q4yekla4bvtrls3 45641 45640 2026-08-13T09:38:08Z Ilja isv 10 /* Evolucija */ 45641 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kartka jezyk | name = Solresol | nativename = <center>''[[solfedžio]]'': Sol-Re-Sol</center> | image = Solresol-langage.svg | created = 1827 | creator = [[François Sudre|{{-|François Sudre|Франсуа Судр}}]] | fam1 = [[umětne jezyky]] | fam2 = [[Pomočny jezyk]], [[Umětne jezyky#A priori|a priori]] | fam3 = [[muzikalny jezyk]] | posteriori = [[Umětne jezyky#A priori|a priori]] | script = pismo Solresol ; [[solfedžio]]; [[noty]]; [[barvy spektra]] | sign = Podpisana notacija; [[tonic sol-fa]] znaky od [[John Curwen]] | iso3 = qso | iso3comment = [https://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/ (lokalno koristane)] | glotto = none | ietf = [https://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/ art-x-solresol] }} '''Solresol''' ([[solfedžio]]: [[G (muzikalna nota)|Sol]]-[[D (muzikalna nota)|Re]]-[[G (muzikalna nota)|Sol]]), prvonačelno nazyvany {{Lang|fr|Langue universelle}} (bukv. 'Universalny jezyk') a potom {{Lang|fr|Langue musicale universelle}} ('Universalny muzikalny jezyk'), je [[muzikalny jezyk|muzikalny]] [[umětny jezyk]] stvorjeny od francozskogo učiteľa musiky i kompozitora [[François Sudre|Jean-Françoisa Sudrea]] (1787–1862), počinajući v 1817. Njegova kniga definujuća to, {{Lang|fr|Langue Musicale Universelle}}, była publikovana posmrtno v 1866,<ref name="lmu1866">{{Cite book|last=Sudre|first=François|year=1866|title=Langue Musicale Universelle|url=https://www.ifost.org.au/~gregb/solresol/sudre-book.pdf|format=PDF|url-status=live|publication-place=[[Paris]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320142510if_/http://www.ifost.org.au/~gregb/solresol/sudre-book.pdf|archive-date=2012-03-20|archive-format=PDF|language=fr|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> iako je on već několik godin publiciral to. Solresol doživil kratky čas popularnosti v drugej polovici 19. stolěća i był sponzorovan od takyh osob jako [[Victor Hugo]], [[Alphonse de Lamartine]], [[Alexander von Humboldt]] i [[Napoleon III]],<ref name="pei">{{Cite book|last=Pei|first=Mario|author-link=Mario Pei|year=1969|title=Wanted: A World Language|type=Pamphlet|series=Public Affairs|volume=434|pages=11–12|publisher=Public Affairs Committee|publication-place=[[New York City]]|url=http://www.autodidactproject.org/other/pei_worldlg.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180125230417if_/http://www.autodidactproject.org/other/pei_worldlg.html|archive-date=2018-01-25|access-date=2025-11-28|df=mdy-all}}</ref> kulminujući s publikacijom [[Boleslas Gajewski|Boleslasa Gajewskogo]] {{Lang|fr|Grammaire du Solresol}} v 1902. Dnes, postoje male komunity entuzijastov Solresola rozsypane po cělem světě.<ref name="sidosi">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|title=Sidosi Home|url=https://www.sidosi.org/|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004090845if_/https://www.sidosi.org/|archive-date=2023-10-04|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> == Evolucija == Postoji několik verzij Solresola, každá s malymi razlikami. Tri glavne varijacije ktore su ješte v oběgu—Sudre, Gajewski i "Modern"—razlikuju se pretežno v različnyh elementah slovnika, a složaju se pretežno o gramatike. Sudre je stvoril jezyk, i tako njegova verzija zaslužuje nazv byti originalnom verzijom Solresola. Vincent Gajewski, parizsky profesor, popularizoval jezyk jako predsednik Centralnogo Komiteta za Studium i Napredovanje Solresola, ktory był osnovan v 1869 od Sudreove udovy, Joséphine, da bi dalje promoviral njegovo dělo. Boleslas Gajewski, Vincentov syn i sam profesor, formalizoval gramatiku i napisal definitivno dělo o jezyka: {{Lang|fr|Grammaire du Solrésol}} (Gramatika Solresola).<ref name="grammar_eng">{{Cite web|last1=Gajewski|first1=Boleslas|last2=Rice|first2=Stephen L.|date=1997-11-19|orig-date=printed 1902 as {{-|Grammaire du Solrésol}}, translated 1997|title=Grammar of Solresol, or the Universal Language of François Sudre | url = http://www.ptialaska.net/~srice/solresol/sorsoeng.htm | website = Stephen L. Rice: The Solresol Page | url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070413035441if_/http://www.ptialaska.net/~srice/solresol/sorsoeng.htm|archive-date=2007-04-13|access-date=2019-09-29}}</ref><ref name="grammar_pdf">{{Cite web|last=Gajewski|first=Boleslas|editor-last1=Rice|editor-first1=Stephen L.|editor-last2=Bigham|editor-first2=Doug|year=2005|orig-date=printed 1902 as {{-|Grammaire du Solrésol}}, translated 1997 (Rice), revised 2005 (Bigham)|title=Grammar of Solresol, or the Universal Language of François Sudre|url=https://i.sidosi.org/resources/grammar-of-solresol-bigham/grammar-of-solresol-bigham.pdf|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217001045if_/https://i.sidosi.org/resources/grammar-of-solresol-bigham/grammar-of-solresol-bigham.pdf|archive-date=2019-12-17|access-date=2019-12-16}}</ref> To je najviše publicirana verzija Solresola, zahvaljujući překladu na anglijsky od Stephena L. Ricea iz 1997,<ref name="grammar_pdf"/><ref name="grammar_eng"/> s znatnom količinom slovnika izměnjenogo od originala, kao i něktore gramatike. Jedny priměr je slovo ''fasol'', definovano kao "tutaj" v Sudreovom slovniku, ale "začto?" v Gajewskom. Tretja je neoficijalna verzija razvijana vremenom od komunity, nazvana "Moderny Solresol". Ona koristi Sudreovu verziju kao bazu, s prilagodbami gramatike i slovnika, takimi jako izměna definicij ''sisol'' i ''sila'' od značenja "Gospodin" i "Mlady muž" na sistem [[honorifik|honorifikov]] inspiriran onym koristanym v japonščině; oba su rodno-neutralne titule, jedna za byti poštivy, a druga za byti ljubazny.<ref name="Modern Solresol Dictionary">{{Cite web|last1=Osteen|first1=Garrison|last2=Walters|first2=Scott|last3=Parson|first3=Daniel|last4=Fernandez|first4=Tobias|date=2018-03-12|title=Solresol Dictionary Modernised|url=https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/182okssrHseIggjHGlzWyFH81-o8y8EsvQtJfPJYu6r8/edit|format=XLSX|website=Google Sheets|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250829164017if_/https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/182okssrHseIggjHGlzWyFH81-o8y8EsvQtJfPJYu6r8/edit|archive-date=2025-08-29|archive-format=XLSX|access-date=2019-12-22|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Gajewskogo publikacija donesla razne dodatky ktore ne konfliktu s originalnom verzijom jezyka, taki jako razne nove metody komunikacije,{{sfn|Gajewski|2005|p=16}} vključujući: skup symbolov koristane sedmih barv duhy, i koristane [[tonic sol-fa]] za signiranje jezyka ==Fonologija== [[File:Solresol.svg|thumb|right|Sedm konvencionalnyh not, barv, sylab, čisel i glifov koristanyh za prenos fonemov Solresola]] Solresol może być komunikovany koristajući sedm različnyh predmetov, s maksimumom pet na slovo. Statistički, ty kombinacije daju sedm jedno-sylabnyh slov, 49 dvuh-sylabnyh, 336 tri-sylabnyh, 2.268 četyr-sylabnyh i 9.072 pet-sylabnyh, za ukupno 11.732 mogućih primarnyh slov.<ref name="pei" /> Glavna metoda komunikacije je koristane sedmih [[solfedžio]] sylab (forma [[solmizacija|solmizacije]]), ktore mogu byti akcentovane, prodloužene ili ponovljene. Najprostši način koristati ty sylaby je govoriti ih jako by one byly regularne [[sylaba|sylaby]]. {{Trěba iztočnik|Zbog togo že predchádza [[Medžunarodny fonetičny alfabet|MFA]], ne postoje posebna pravila izgovora izvan standardnyh čitanj solfège. Zbog togo že vsaka sylaba je dovoljno odlična, mogu byti izgovorjene skoro vsakym sposobom, ktory čitatej preferuje.}} Sudre je izložil način transkripcije fonetiky francozskogo (i tako mnogih drugih jezykov) do Solresola, primarno koristany za vlastne imenice.{{r|lmu1866|p=32}} Koristajući občne izgovory kako su dane od strane [[Wiktionary|Vikislovnika]], je moguće rekonstruovati tabulu glasov koristajući modernu IPA. Zbog malog broja sylab, je potrebno ostaviti kratku pauzu medźu slovami tako da vsako slovo ostane jasno odvojeno. Kako je primetil Boleslas Gajewski: "člověk bi měl věnovati veliku pozornost pauzi po vsakom slovu; ta mala pauza je potrebna za odvajanje slov, tako da slušatelj ne bude zbunjen".{{R|grammar_eng|p=Reversed meanings}} ===Slovnik=== V Solresol [[morfologija (lingvistika)|morfologiji]], vsako slovo je poděleno na kategorije ili značenja ili funkcije, gdźe duža slova su občno specifičnjejša. Slova se razlikuju po treh glavnyh karakteristikah: početnoj sylabě, dužině slova, i tomu da li ima par ponovljenih sylab. Slova koja su jedna i dve sylaby duge su koristana za [[Zaimennik|zaimenniky]] i občne [[Gramatična čestica|čestice]], a ty s ponovljenimi sylabami su [[Gramatično vreme|vremena]]. Slova koja su jednu sylabu duga su posvećena slovima ktora su često koristana (v času stvorenja Solresola). Ty ktore uključuju ponavljajuće sylaby su rezervovane za "čisla, měsece goda, dni neděle i temperatury [pogodne uslove]", na pr. redodo "jedny", remimi "dva" (po Gajewskom). Slova koja su četyri sylaby duga spadaju v razne tematske kategorije. Na pr., slova počinjuća s 'sol', koja ne uključuju ponovljene sylaby, imaju značenja vezana za umetnosti ili nauky (na pr. soldoredo, "umetnost"; solmiredo, "akustika").{{r|lmu1866|p=22.V}} Však, ako slova koja su četyri sylaby duga imaju par ponovljenih sylab, njihova značenja se odnose na bolesti ili medicinu (na pr. solsolredo, "migrena"; solreresol, "ospice").{{r|lmu1866|p=23.VI}} Točnjejše, klase bez ponovljenih sylab su: ''do'': člověk, njegovo tělo i duh, intelektualne sposobnosti, kvalitete i hrana; ''re'': odeća, dom, domaćinstvo i porodica; ''mi'': činjenja človeka i njegove mane; ''fa'': selo, putovanja, vojna, more; ''sol'': lepe umetnosti i nauky; ''la'': industrija i trgovina; ''si'': město, vlada i administracija. S ponovljenimi sylabami, iste sylaby daju: ''do'': religija; ''re'': konstrukcija i razne obrti; ''mi'': predlogi, prislovne fraze i izolovane prislovy; ''fa'': bolesti; ''sol'': bolesti (nast.); ''la'': industrija i trgovina (jako u tipu bez ponavljanja); ''si'': pravda, magistratura i sudovi. Konačno, kombinacije pet sylab označavaju životinje, rośliny i minerale. Po defaultu, vse žive imenice i zaimenniky podrazuměvaju da su mužskogo roda. Za razlikovanje ženskogo roda, bar, [[pomišljaj|pomišljaj]] ili [[makron (diakritika)|makron]] se dodaje na konačnu sylabu odgovarajućeg člena ili samogo slova. V govoru, to se označava ponavljanjem vokala sylaby, s [[glotalna stop|glotalnom stopom]] koja odvaja ponovljenu vokalu od ostatka slova.{{r|lmu1866|p=24}} Však, v modernyh překladah, zaimenniky se ne měnje v zavisnosti od [[Gramatičny rod|roda]]. Umesto toga, oni se prosto prevode na anglijsky kao neutralne zaimenniky; it i they. Jedna unikatna karakteristika Solresola je da značenja mogu byti obrnuta obrtanjem sylab v slovah. Na pr. ''fala'' znači dobro ili ukusno, a ''lafa'' znači zlo. Prekidi v logičkom poredu slov v vsakoj kategoriji su občno uzrokovani tymi obrtivymi slovami.{{r|lmu1866|p=31.XXI}} {| style="background: transparent; border: hidden;" | style="padding: 0 2em;" | {| class="wikitable" | [[File:Solresol - misol.jpg|x88px]] | [[File:Solresol - solmi.jpg|x88px]] |- | style="text-align: center;" | '''misol''': "dobro" | style="text-align: center;" | '''solmi''': "zlo" |} | style="padding-left: 2em;" | {| class="wikitable" | [[File:Solresol - domisol.jpg|x88px]] | [[File:Solresol - solmido.jpg|x88px]] |- | style="text-align: center;" | '''domisol''': "[[Bog]]" | style="text-align: center;" | '''solmido''': "[[Djavol]]" |} |} Však, ne vsa slova su obrtiva v tom smyslu, taki jako ''dorefare'' znači vrat, a ''refaredo'' znači garderoba, ktore očigledno nisu suprotnosti. Slědujuća tabula pokazuje slova do dvuh sylab iz Gajewskogo slovnika: {| class="wikitable" ! {{Diagonal split header|style=height: 3em; width: 7em|1. syl.|2. syl.}} ! ''Nijedna'' ! style="background-color: #f69;" | -do ! style="background-color: #f96;" | -re ! style="background-color: #ff9;" | -mi ! style="background-color: #9f6;" | -fa ! style="background-color: #9ff;" | -sol ! style="background-color: #96f;" | -la ! style="background-color: #f9f;" | -si/-ti |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #f69;" | Do- | style="background-color: #f69;" | ne, ni, niti | style="background-color: #f69;" | (prošlo) | ja, mene || ty [sg] || on || se, sebe || jedny, někto || drugy |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #f96;" | Re- | style="background-color: #f96;" | i, tak jako | moj, moje | style="background-color: #f96;" | (pluperfekt) | tvoj, tvoje [sg] || njegov || naš, naše || vaš, vaše [pl] || njihov |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #ff9;" | Mi- | style="background-color: #ff9;" | ili, ili čak | za, da bi/da || ktory, koja (odnos. zaim.), že (veznik) | style="background-color: #ff9;" | (buduće) | čij, čija || dobro (prisl.) || tutaj je/tu je, gle || dobar večer/noć |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #9f6;" | Fa- | style="background-color: #9f6;" | k, ka | što? || s, sa, zajedno || ovaj, ova, ovo | style="background-color: #9f6;" | (kond.) | začto, iz kog razloga || dobro, ukusno, slasno || mnogo, velmi, krajno |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #9ff;" | Sol- | style="background-color: #9ff;" | ako | ale || v, unutra || zlo, loše (prisl.) || zato, jer | style="background-color: #9ff;" | (imperativ) | věčno, vsegda, bez konca || hvala, hvaly |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #96f;" | <span style="color: #000;">La-</span> | style="background-color: #96f;" | <span style="color: #000;">ty (člen)</span> | ničto, nikto, nijedny || od, po || tutaj, tam || zlo, loše || nikogda, nikad | style="background-color: #96f;" | <span style="color: #000;">(prezentni participij)</span> || od, iz |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #f9f;"| Si-/Ti- | style="background-color: #f9f;" | da, dobro, rado, složeno | isto (stvar) | vsaky, každy | dobro jutro/popoldne | malo, jedva |gospodin, pan |mlady muž, neženja | style="background-color: #f9f;" | <span style="color: #000;">(pasivny participij)</span> |} Određeny člen ima razne forme za [[Nominativ|nominativny]], [[Genitiv|genitivny]] i [[Dativ|dativny]] padež, ili, v anglijskom, za "the", "to the" i "of the": 'la', 'fa' i 'lasi', po redu.{{r|lmu1866|p=23-24.VII-VIII}} ==Gramatika== Osim naglaska i dužiny, slova Solresola se ne inflektuju. Da bi rečenice ostale jasne, posebno s mogućnošću gubitka informacij pri komunikaciji, odredjene časti řeči sleduju strog slovored. :Prěvjesniki vsegda sleduju imenicu ktoru određuju. :Nepremni objekty vsegda dolaze poslě glagola.{{r|lmu1866|p=26.XII}} :Priměry dane v originalnoj dokumentaciji ukazuju na [[subjekt–glagol–objekt slovored|slovored subjekt–glagol–objekt]],{{R|lmu1866|p=29.XVII}} však, to ne bi mělo imati značenje dok rečenica ostaje prosta i jasna. :Vremena vsegda prethode glagolom.{{r|lmu1866|p=30.XIX}} Da bi se slovo stvorilo u množini, [[akút|akútny naglasak]] se dodaje iznad poslednje sylaby, ktory se v govoru izgovara produženjem poslednje bukvy te sylaby.{{r|lmu1866|p=24.IX}} Priměry kako označiti množinu mužskih i ženskih slov: :''resimire'' brat, ''resimirē/resimire-e'' sestra :''resimiré'' bracia, ''resimiréē/resimiré-e'' sestry To utiče samo na prvo slovo v [[imenična fraza|imeničnoj frazi]]. To jest, utiče samo na imenicu kada je imenica sama, jako iznad. Ako je slovo popraćeno gramatičkom česticom (la, fa ili lasi), čestica će nositi oznaku roda i/ili broja umesto toga: :''la resimire'' [ty] brat, ''lā/la-a resimire'' [ta] sestra :''lá resimire'' [ty] bracia, ''láā/lá-a resimire'' [ty] sestry Časti řeči (jako i specifičnjejše definicije za něktora slova) se izvode iz glagol postavljanjem [[cirkumfleks|cirkumfleksa]] iznad jedne od sylab v pisanju, i izgovaranjem te sylaby s [[Glossary of music terminology#R|rinforzando]] (iznenadny naglasak ili [[Dynamics (music)#Gradual changes|crescendo]]). S naglaskom postavljenim na prvu sylabu, slovo postaje imenica. V četyri-sylabnyh slovah, naglašavanje druge sylaby stvara imenicu činitelja. [[Penult]]imna sylaba stvara prěvjesnik, a poslednja stvara prislov.{{r|lmu1866|p=25.XI}} Na pr., :''midofa'' preferovati, ''mîdofa'' preferencija, ''midôfa'' preferabilny, ''midofâ'' preferabilno :''resolmila'' nastaviti, ''rêsolmila'' nastavjenje, ''resôlmila'' jedny ktory nastavlja, ''resolmîla'' staly, ''resolmilâ'' stalno Na kompjuteryh koristajući rasporede klavijatur bez cirkumfleksa, sylaba może być napisana velikimi bukvami, ili [[caret]] postavljen medźu bukvy sylaby ili poslě sylaby. Zbog gramatike i slovoreda Solresola, razlikovanje častij řeči občno nije potrebno za razuměnje rečenice. Razne [[tense–aspect–mood|vremensko-načinske]] čestice su dvojne sylaby, kako je dato u slovniku iznad. Dodatno, po Gajewskom, pasivne glagoly se tvore s ''faremi'' medźu tom česticom i glagolom. Subjunktiv se tvori s ''mire'' pred zaimennikom. Negacija ''do'' se pojavljuje samo jednom v klauzi, pred slovom koje negira. Slovo ''fasi'' pred imenicom ili prěvjesnikom je [[augmentativ|augmentativno]]; poslě njega je [[Degrees of comparison of adjectives and adverbs|superlativ]]. ''Sifa'' je suprotnost ([[diminutiv|diminutivno]]):{{r|lmu1866|p=21.III}} :''fala'' dobro, ''fasi fala'' velmi dobro, ''fala fasi'' odlično, najbolje; ''sifa fala'' dobro (ali ne odlično), ''fala sifa'' ne velmi dobro (i slično s ''lafa'' zlo) :''sisire'' vjetar, ''fasi sisire'' oluja, ''sisire fasi'' ciklon; ''sifa sisire'' povjetarac, ''sisire sifa'' kretanje vazduha Pitanja Pitanja v Solresolu ne dobijaju mnogo pažnje u originalnoj dokumentaciji, niti imaju mnogo priměrov. Sudreova publikacija uključuje tri priměra upitnyh rečenic:{{r|lmu1866|p=127}} :Je vaše zdravlje dobro? – Redofafa? :Hoćete li ići na selo ove godine? – Fadoremi? :Hoćete li ići u pozorište večeras? – Soldoremi? Da bi se to stvorilo kao potvrdna izjava, dodaje se osobny zaimennik poslě: :Moje zdravlje je dobro. – Redofafa dore. :Ići ću na selo ove godine. – Fadoremi dore. :Ići ću u pozorište večeras. – Soldoremi dore. Gajewski umesto toga postavlja subjekt rečenice poslě glagola umesto pred glagolom, konstrukcija občna v evropskih jezycich. Nektery priměry su:{{R|grammar_eng|p=Interrogation and Negation}} :Jesam li? – Faremi dore? :Razumije li on? – Falafa dofa? :Učite li? – Sidosi domi? V vsih verzijah jezyka, postoje slova četyri sylaby duga, ponovljena "Mi" sekcija slovnika koja uključuje neka občna pitanja, taki jako:{{r|lmu1866|p=109.123}} :Miladodo? – Do kogo stepena/mjere? :Milarere? – Dobro? :Misirere? – Kto je to? ==Pismo Solresol== [[File:Solresol symbols.svg|thumb|Simboly Solresola]] Pismo koristano v Solresolu sastoji se od sedmih unikatnyh symbolov, vsaky predstavljajući jednu od sedmih "not". Na pr., "[[C (muzikalna nota)|Do]]" je krug, a "[[G (muzikalna nota)|Sol]]" je horizontalna linija. Slova Solresola se tvore povezivanjem symbolov v poredu kako se pojavljuju v slovu. Dvojne note se predstavljaju križanjem symbola. [[File:Solresol words.svg|thumb|Něktore osnovne slova Solresola]] Druge karakteristike Nepristrasny i relativno prosty Integrovane sistemy ([[znakovny jezyk|znakovny jezyk]], barvy, itd.) za većinu [[invaliditet|ometenj]], odmah operativne bez posebnogo učenja Brzo uspěšno učenje za nepismene (samo sedm sylab ili znakov ili deset bukv za znati i prepoznati) Vrlo prosty ali efektivny sistem za razlikovanje funkcij slov v rečenicah Koristajući [[tonic sol-fa]] sistem od [[John Curwen|Johna Curwena]], Solresol może też być [[znakovny jezyk|znakovano]]. Daljnji razvoj Drugi način koristania Solresola se naziva ''ses'', razvijen od [[C. George Boeree|C. Georgea Boereea]].<ref name="loan_words">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|title=Using loan words in Solresol|url=https://www.tumblr.com/sidosi/181390815161/using-loan-words-in-solresol|website=Tumblr|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251128152044if_/https://www.tumblr.com/sidosi/181390815161/using-loan-words-in-solresol|archive-date=2025-11-28|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Koristajući to, note dobijaju reprezentativne konsonante i vokale (ili diftongy). Najprostša slova koriste samo vokalu, dok vsa druga koriste složenjejšu strukturu sylab. do ⇒ p / o re ⇒ k / e mi ⇒ m / i fa ⇒ f / a sol ⇒ s / u la ⇒ l / au ti ⇒ t / ai Na ovaj način, można pisati ili izgovarati slova taki jako to: : sol-sol-re-do ⇒ suko (cvcv) – migrena Zato što se množina i ženske forme slov u Solresolu označavaju naglaskom ili dužinom glasov, ses koristi ''pau'' (nektory) ili ''fai'' (mnogo) za označavanje množiny, i ''mu'' (dobro) za označavanje ženskogo roda kogda je potrebno. == Kodiranje == Zahtev za [[ISO 639-3]] jezykovy kod, privremeno predloženy jako {{Code|sud}}, był upućen [[SIL Global|SIL-u]] 28 avgusta 2017,<ref name="sil_change">{{Cite web|author=SIL International|author-link=SIL Global|date=2017-08-28|title=ISO 639-3 Registration Authority Request for Change No. 2017-032|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032.pdf|website=ISO 639-3|publication-place=[[Dallas]]|format=PDF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605171450if_/https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032.pdf|archive-date=2019-06-05|archive-format=PDF|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="sil_new">{{Cite web|author=SIL International|author-link=SIL Global|date=2017-08-28|title=Request for New Language Code Element in ISO 639-3: [sud]|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032_sud.pdf|website=ISO 639-3|publication-place=[[Dallas]]|format=PDF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605171450if_/https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032_sud.pdf|archive-date=2019-06-05|archive-format=PDF|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="sidosi_request">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|date=2017-07-28|title=The Road to ISO 639-3|url=https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=310|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230829154231if_/https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=310|archive-date=2023-08-29|access-date=2018-10-22|df=mdy-all}}</ref> ale był odrinuły 23 janvara 2018.<ref name="sil_rejection">{{Cite web|author=SIL International|author-link=SIL Global|date=2018-01-23|title=Comments received for ISO 639-3 Change Request 2017-032|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/CR_Comments_2017-032.pdf|website=ISO 639-3|publication-place=[[Dallas]]|format=PDF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605171452if_/https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/CR_Comments_2017-032.pdf|archive-date=2019-06-05|archive-format=PDF|page=2|access-date=2019-09-27|df=mdy-all|quote=Zahtev za stvorenje koda [sud] za Solresol je odrinuły.}}</ref><ref name="sidosi_rejection">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|date=2018-02-01|title=Beyond ISO 639-3 (for now)|url=https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=350|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230829153926if_/https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=350|archive-date=2023-08-29|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Solresol je dobil kody {{Code|qso}} i {{Code|art-x-solresol}} v [[Codes for constructed languages|ConLang Code Registry]].<ref name="clcr">{{Cite web|last=Bettencourt|first=Rebecca G.|date=2015-01-08|title=ConLang Code Registry|url=https://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/|website=Kreative Korporation|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221127152005if_/http://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/|archive-date=2022-11-27|access-date=2021-04-06|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Sedm osnovnyh symbolov bylo predloženo za registraciju v [[ConScript Unicode Registry]].<ref name="csur">{{Cite web|last=Everson|first=Michael|author-link=Michael Everson|date=1997-01-21|title=Solresol: U+E770–U+E77F|url=https://www.evertype.com/standards/csur/solresol.html|website=ConScript Unicode Registry|publisher=Evertype|publication-place=[[Lecanvey]], [[Ireland]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417191120if_/https://www.evertype.com/standards/csur/solresol.html|archive-date=2021-04-17|access-date=2021-04-06|df=mdy-all}}</ref> == Priměrne teksty == ; Članok 1 ''[[Universalna deklaracija prav člověka|Universalnoj deklaracija prav člověka]]'' na medžuslovjanskom : ''Vsi ljudi rodet se svobodnymi i ravnymi v svojem dostojenstvu i pravah. Oni sut obdarjene razumom i svědomjem i muset postupati v odnošenju jedin k drugomu v duhu bratstva.'' ; Prěvod na Solresol : Siré misolredo faremi doredore domisimi re misóla, solfalafá dósila re réfasi. Dófa faremi remila fare dômilafa re dôfasifa, re fafa fasolfa midolǎ fare dômisola lasi sîmisila. ; Predstavjeno koristajuči ''ses'' Solresol : Sé muro fem pepe omúm e múl, salá ósau e éfai. Óf fem ril fe ômauf e ôfaif, e fa fuf ipǎu fe ômul lai âimail. == Gledite takože == * [[muzikalny jezyk]] * [[solfedžio]] * [[Tonic sol-fa]] * [[Voyage to Faremido]] * [[Ro jezyk]] ==Iztočniky== {{Iztočniky}} == Čitati dalje == * {{Cite book|last=Sudre|first=François|year=1866|title=Langue Musicale Universelle|url=http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/ladosol.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070831060525if_/http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/ladosol.html|archive-date=2007-08-31|publication-place=Paris|language=fr}} – HTML verzija celogo teksta Sudreovogo toma iz 1866, s originalnym [https://web.archive.org/web/20070831061613if_/http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/lrls_sosfs.html slovnikom] i [https://web.archive.org/web/20080310234035/http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/solrelaF.html frazeologijom] (v francozskom). * {{Cite book|last1=Couturat|first1=Louis|last2=Leau|first2=Léopold|year=1903|title=Histoire de la Langue Universelle|url=https://archive.org/details/histoiredelalang00coutuoft|publisher=Librairie Hachette|publication-place=[[Paris]]|language=fr|access-date=2025-11-28|df=mdy-all}} * {{Cite book|last=Eco|first=Umberto|author-link=Umberto Eco|date=1997-04-08|title=The Search for the Perfect Language|url=https://archive.org/details/searchforperfect00ecou|publisher=[[Wiley-Blackwell]]|publication-place=[[Cambridge, Massachusetts|Cambridge, Mass.]]|edition=1|series=The Making of Europe|isbn=978-0-631-20510-4|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}} ==Vněšnje linky== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20191115021254if_/https://www.omniglot.com/writing/solresol.htm Solresol jezyk i stenografično pismo] na Omniglot, online enciklopediji sistemov pisanja i jezykov * Anglijsko-Solresol slovniky od [https://web.archive.org/web/20250121193252if_/http://www.datapacrat.com/True/LANG/SOLRESOL/DICTIONA.HTM Jasona Hutchensa] (6 julija 1998) i [https://web.archive.org/web/20100923132246if_/http://www.ifost.org.au/~gregb/solresol/sorsolex.htm Stephena L. Ricea] (19 novembra 1997) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20231130083816if_/http://sharyphil.com/root/solresol-the-project/ SolReSol: Projekt v0.95] od Phila Sharyja, open source Solresol–anglijsky i anglijsky–Solresol překladateľsky program za Windows (32- i 64-bitny) s live MIDI podporom (24 februara 2015) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20250818235352if_/https://wiki.xxiivv.com/site/solresol.html Moderny Simetričny Solresol] od Davida Mondou-Labbého (28 septembra 2023) * [https://eliseduv.dev/solresol/ Překladač Anglijsky↔Solresol] {{Umětne jezyky}} [[Kategorija:1827 introdukcije]] [[Kategorija:Analitične jezyky]] [[Kategorija:Konstruovane jezyky]] [[Kategorija:Medžunarodne pomočne jezyky]] [[Kategorija:jezyky potvrđene od 1820-tyh]] [[Kategorija:muzikalne jezyky]] lhhp95s5bh0og36qd38vwjyyefn3v9y 45642 45641 2026-08-13T09:42:27Z Ilja isv 10 /* Evolucija */ 45642 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kartka jezyk | name = Solresol | nativename = <center>''[[solfedžio]]'': Sol-Re-Sol</center> | image = Solresol-langage.svg | created = 1827 | creator = [[François Sudre|{{-|François Sudre|Франсуа Судр}}]] | fam1 = [[umětne jezyky]] | fam2 = [[Pomočny jezyk]], [[Umětne jezyky#A priori|a priori]] | fam3 = [[muzikalny jezyk]] | posteriori = [[Umětne jezyky#A priori|a priori]] | script = pismo Solresol ; [[solfedžio]]; [[noty]]; [[barvy spektra]] | sign = Podpisana notacija; [[tonic sol-fa]] znaky od [[John Curwen]] | iso3 = qso | iso3comment = [https://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/ (lokalno koristane)] | glotto = none | ietf = [https://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/ art-x-solresol] }} '''Solresol''' ([[solfedžio]]: [[G (muzikalna nota)|Sol]]-[[D (muzikalna nota)|Re]]-[[G (muzikalna nota)|Sol]]), prvonačelno nazyvany {{Lang|fr|Langue universelle}} (bukv. 'Universalny jezyk') a potom {{Lang|fr|Langue musicale universelle}} ('Universalny muzikalny jezyk'), je [[muzikalny jezyk|muzikalny]] [[umětny jezyk]] stvorjeny od francozskogo učiteľa musiky i kompozitora [[François Sudre|Jean-Françoisa Sudrea]] (1787–1862), počinajući v 1817. Njegova kniga definujuća to, {{Lang|fr|Langue Musicale Universelle}}, była publikovana posmrtno v 1866,<ref name="lmu1866">{{Cite book|last=Sudre|first=François|year=1866|title=Langue Musicale Universelle|url=https://www.ifost.org.au/~gregb/solresol/sudre-book.pdf|format=PDF|url-status=live|publication-place=[[Paris]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320142510if_/http://www.ifost.org.au/~gregb/solresol/sudre-book.pdf|archive-date=2012-03-20|archive-format=PDF|language=fr|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> iako je on već několik godin publiciral to. Solresol doživil kratky čas popularnosti v drugej polovici 19. stolěća i był sponzorovan od takyh osob jako [[Victor Hugo]], [[Alphonse de Lamartine]], [[Alexander von Humboldt]] i [[Napoleon III]],<ref name="pei">{{Cite book|last=Pei|first=Mario|author-link=Mario Pei|year=1969|title=Wanted: A World Language|type=Pamphlet|series=Public Affairs|volume=434|pages=11–12|publisher=Public Affairs Committee|publication-place=[[New York City]]|url=http://www.autodidactproject.org/other/pei_worldlg.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180125230417if_/http://www.autodidactproject.org/other/pei_worldlg.html|archive-date=2018-01-25|access-date=2025-11-28|df=mdy-all}}</ref> kulminujući s publikacijom [[Boleslas Gajewski|Boleslasa Gajewskogo]] {{Lang|fr|Grammaire du Solresol}} v 1902. Dnes, postoje male komunity entuzijastov Solresola rozsypane po cělem světě.<ref name="sidosi">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|title=Sidosi Home|url=https://www.sidosi.org/|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004090845if_/https://www.sidosi.org/|archive-date=2023-10-04|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> == Evolucija == Postoji několik verzij Solresola, každá s malymi razlikami. Tri glavne varijacije ktore su ješte v oběgu—Sudre, Gajewski i "Modern"—razlikuju se pretežno v različnyh elementah slovnika, a složaju se pretežno o gramatike. Sudre je stvoril jezyk, i tako njegova verzija zaslužuje nazv byti originalnom verzijom Solresola. Vincent Gajewski, parizsky profesor, popularizoval jezyk jako predsednik Centralnogo Komiteta za Studium i Napredovanje Solresola, ktory był osnovan v 1869 od Sudreove udovy, Joséphine, da bi dalje promoviral njegovo dělo. Boleslas Gajewski, Vincentov syn i sam profesor, formalizoval gramatiku i napisal definitivno dělo o jezyka: {{Lang|fr|Grammaire du Solrésol}} (Gramatika Solresola).<ref name="grammar_eng">{{Cite web|last1=Gajewski|first1=Boleslas|last2=Rice|first2=Stephen L.|date=1997-11-19|orig-date=printed 1902 as {{-|Grammaire du Solrésol}}, translated 1997|title=Grammar of Solresol, or the Universal Language of François Sudre | url = http://www.ptialaska.net/~srice/solresol/sorsoeng.htm | website = Stephen L. Rice: The Solresol Page | url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070413035441if_/http://www.ptialaska.net/~srice/solresol/sorsoeng.htm|archive-date=2007-04-13|access-date=2019-09-29|| ref = {{sfnref|Gramatika|2005}}}}</ref><ref name="grammar_pdf">{{Cite web|last=Gajewski|first=Boleslas|editor-last1=Rice|editor-first1=Stephen L.|editor-last2=Bigham|editor-first2=Doug|year=2005|orig-date=printed 1902 as {{-|Grammaire du Solrésol}}, translated 1997 (Rice), revised 2005 (Bigham)|title=Grammar of Solresol, or the Universal Language of François Sudre|url=https://i.sidosi.org/resources/grammar-of-solresol-bigham/grammar-of-solresol-bigham.pdf|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217001045if_/https://i.sidosi.org/resources/grammar-of-solresol-bigham/grammar-of-solresol-bigham.pdf|archive-date=2019-12-17|access-date=2019-12-16}}</ref> To je najviše publicirana verzija Solresola, zahvaljujući překladu na anglijsky od Stephena L. Ricea iz 1997,<ref name="grammar_pdf"/><ref name="grammar_eng"/> s znatnom količinom slovnika izměnjenogo od originala, kao i něktore gramatike. Jedny priměr je slovo ''fasol'', definovano kao "tutaj" v Sudreovom slovniku, ale "začto?" v Gajewskom. Tretja je neoficijalna verzija razvijana vremenom od komunity, nazvana "Moderny Solresol". Ona koristi Sudreovu verziju kao bazu, s prilagodbami gramatike i slovnika, takimi jako izměna definicij ''sisol'' i ''sila'' od značenja "Gospodin" i "Mlady muž" na sistem [[honorifik|honorifikov]] inspiriran onym koristanym v japonščině; oba su rodno-neutralne titule, jedna za byti poštivy, a druga za byti ljubazny.<ref name="Modern Solresol Dictionary">{{Cite web|last1=Osteen|first1=Garrison|last2=Walters|first2=Scott|last3=Parson|first3=Daniel|last4=Fernandez|first4=Tobias|date=2018-03-12|title=Solresol Dictionary Modernised|url=https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/182okssrHseIggjHGlzWyFH81-o8y8EsvQtJfPJYu6r8/edit|format=XLSX|website=Google Sheets|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250829164017if_/https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/182okssrHseIggjHGlzWyFH81-o8y8EsvQtJfPJYu6r8/edit|archive-date=2025-08-29|archive-format=XLSX|access-date=2019-12-22|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Gajewskogo publikacija donesla razne dodatky ktore ne konfliktu s originalnom verzijom jezyka, taki jako razne nove metody komunikacije,{{sfn|Gramatika|2005|p=16}} vključujući: skup symbolov koristane sedmih barv duhy, i koristane [[tonic sol-fa]] za signiranje jezyka ==Fonologija== [[File:Solresol.svg|thumb|right|Sedm konvencionalnyh not, barv, sylab, čisel i glifov koristanyh za prenos fonemov Solresola]] Solresol może być komunikovany koristajući sedm različnyh predmetov, s maksimumom pet na slovo. Statistički, ty kombinacije daju sedm jedno-sylabnyh slov, 49 dvuh-sylabnyh, 336 tri-sylabnyh, 2.268 četyr-sylabnyh i 9.072 pet-sylabnyh, za ukupno 11.732 mogućih primarnyh slov.<ref name="pei" /> Glavna metoda komunikacije je koristane sedmih [[solfedžio]] sylab (forma [[solmizacija|solmizacije]]), ktore mogu byti akcentovane, prodloužene ili ponovljene. Najprostši način koristati ty sylaby je govoriti ih jako by one byly regularne [[sylaba|sylaby]]. {{Trěba iztočnik|Zbog togo že predchádza [[Medžunarodny fonetičny alfabet|MFA]], ne postoje posebna pravila izgovora izvan standardnyh čitanj solfège. Zbog togo že vsaka sylaba je dovoljno odlična, mogu byti izgovorjene skoro vsakym sposobom, ktory čitatej preferuje.}} Sudre je izložil način transkripcije fonetiky francozskogo (i tako mnogih drugih jezykov) do Solresola, primarno koristany za vlastne imenice.{{r|lmu1866|p=32}} Koristajući občne izgovory kako su dane od strane [[Wiktionary|Vikislovnika]], je moguće rekonstruovati tabulu glasov koristajući modernu IPA. Zbog malog broja sylab, je potrebno ostaviti kratku pauzu medźu slovami tako da vsako slovo ostane jasno odvojeno. Kako je primetil Boleslas Gajewski: "člověk bi měl věnovati veliku pozornost pauzi po vsakom slovu; ta mala pauza je potrebna za odvajanje slov, tako da slušatelj ne bude zbunjen".{{R|grammar_eng|p=Reversed meanings}} ===Slovnik=== V Solresol [[morfologija (lingvistika)|morfologiji]], vsako slovo je poděleno na kategorije ili značenja ili funkcije, gdźe duža slova su občno specifičnjejša. Slova se razlikuju po treh glavnyh karakteristikah: početnoj sylabě, dužině slova, i tomu da li ima par ponovljenih sylab. Slova koja su jedna i dve sylaby duge su koristana za [[Zaimennik|zaimenniky]] i občne [[Gramatična čestica|čestice]], a ty s ponovljenimi sylabami su [[Gramatično vreme|vremena]]. Slova koja su jednu sylabu duga su posvećena slovima ktora su često koristana (v času stvorenja Solresola). Ty ktore uključuju ponavljajuće sylaby su rezervovane za "čisla, měsece goda, dni neděle i temperatury [pogodne uslove]", na pr. redodo "jedny", remimi "dva" (po Gajewskom). Slova koja su četyri sylaby duga spadaju v razne tematske kategorije. Na pr., slova počinjuća s 'sol', koja ne uključuju ponovljene sylaby, imaju značenja vezana za umetnosti ili nauky (na pr. soldoredo, "umetnost"; solmiredo, "akustika").{{r|lmu1866|p=22.V}} Však, ako slova koja su četyri sylaby duga imaju par ponovljenih sylab, njihova značenja se odnose na bolesti ili medicinu (na pr. solsolredo, "migrena"; solreresol, "ospice").{{r|lmu1866|p=23.VI}} Točnjejše, klase bez ponovljenih sylab su: ''do'': člověk, njegovo tělo i duh, intelektualne sposobnosti, kvalitete i hrana; ''re'': odeća, dom, domaćinstvo i porodica; ''mi'': činjenja človeka i njegove mane; ''fa'': selo, putovanja, vojna, more; ''sol'': lepe umetnosti i nauky; ''la'': industrija i trgovina; ''si'': město, vlada i administracija. S ponovljenimi sylabami, iste sylaby daju: ''do'': religija; ''re'': konstrukcija i razne obrti; ''mi'': predlogi, prislovne fraze i izolovane prislovy; ''fa'': bolesti; ''sol'': bolesti (nast.); ''la'': industrija i trgovina (jako u tipu bez ponavljanja); ''si'': pravda, magistratura i sudovi. Konačno, kombinacije pet sylab označavaju životinje, rośliny i minerale. Po defaultu, vse žive imenice i zaimenniky podrazuměvaju da su mužskogo roda. Za razlikovanje ženskogo roda, bar, [[pomišljaj|pomišljaj]] ili [[makron (diakritika)|makron]] se dodaje na konačnu sylabu odgovarajućeg člena ili samogo slova. V govoru, to se označava ponavljanjem vokala sylaby, s [[glotalna stop|glotalnom stopom]] koja odvaja ponovljenu vokalu od ostatka slova.{{r|lmu1866|p=24}} Však, v modernyh překladah, zaimenniky se ne měnje v zavisnosti od [[Gramatičny rod|roda]]. Umesto toga, oni se prosto prevode na anglijsky kao neutralne zaimenniky; it i they. Jedna unikatna karakteristika Solresola je da značenja mogu byti obrnuta obrtanjem sylab v slovah. Na pr. ''fala'' znači dobro ili ukusno, a ''lafa'' znači zlo. Prekidi v logičkom poredu slov v vsakoj kategoriji su občno uzrokovani tymi obrtivymi slovami.{{r|lmu1866|p=31.XXI}} {| style="background: transparent; border: hidden;" | style="padding: 0 2em;" | {| class="wikitable" | [[File:Solresol - misol.jpg|x88px]] | [[File:Solresol - solmi.jpg|x88px]] |- | style="text-align: center;" | '''misol''': "dobro" | style="text-align: center;" | '''solmi''': "zlo" |} | style="padding-left: 2em;" | {| class="wikitable" | [[File:Solresol - domisol.jpg|x88px]] | [[File:Solresol - solmido.jpg|x88px]] |- | style="text-align: center;" | '''domisol''': "[[Bog]]" | style="text-align: center;" | '''solmido''': "[[Djavol]]" |} |} Však, ne vsa slova su obrtiva v tom smyslu, taki jako ''dorefare'' znači vrat, a ''refaredo'' znači garderoba, ktore očigledno nisu suprotnosti. Slědujuća tabula pokazuje slova do dvuh sylab iz Gajewskogo slovnika: {| class="wikitable" ! {{Diagonal split header|style=height: 3em; width: 7em|1. syl.|2. syl.}} ! ''Nijedna'' ! style="background-color: #f69;" | -do ! style="background-color: #f96;" | -re ! style="background-color: #ff9;" | -mi ! style="background-color: #9f6;" | -fa ! style="background-color: #9ff;" | -sol ! style="background-color: #96f;" | -la ! style="background-color: #f9f;" | -si/-ti |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #f69;" | Do- | style="background-color: #f69;" | ne, ni, niti | style="background-color: #f69;" | (prošlo) | ja, mene || ty [sg] || on || se, sebe || jedny, někto || drugy |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #f96;" | Re- | style="background-color: #f96;" | i, tak jako | moj, moje | style="background-color: #f96;" | (pluperfekt) | tvoj, tvoje [sg] || njegov || naš, naše || vaš, vaše [pl] || njihov |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #ff9;" | Mi- | style="background-color: #ff9;" | ili, ili čak | za, da bi/da || ktory, koja (odnos. zaim.), že (veznik) | style="background-color: #ff9;" | (buduće) | čij, čija || dobro (prisl.) || tutaj je/tu je, gle || dobar večer/noć |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #9f6;" | Fa- | style="background-color: #9f6;" | k, ka | što? || s, sa, zajedno || ovaj, ova, ovo | style="background-color: #9f6;" | (kond.) | začto, iz kog razloga || dobro, ukusno, slasno || mnogo, velmi, krajno |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #9ff;" | Sol- | style="background-color: #9ff;" | ako | ale || v, unutra || zlo, loše (prisl.) || zato, jer | style="background-color: #9ff;" | (imperativ) | věčno, vsegda, bez konca || hvala, hvaly |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #96f;" | <span style="color: #000;">La-</span> | style="background-color: #96f;" | <span style="color: #000;">ty (člen)</span> | ničto, nikto, nijedny || od, po || tutaj, tam || zlo, loše || nikogda, nikad | style="background-color: #96f;" | <span style="color: #000;">(prezentni participij)</span> || od, iz |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #f9f;"| Si-/Ti- | style="background-color: #f9f;" | da, dobro, rado, složeno | isto (stvar) | vsaky, každy | dobro jutro/popoldne | malo, jedva |gospodin, pan |mlady muž, neženja | style="background-color: #f9f;" | <span style="color: #000;">(pasivny participij)</span> |} Određeny člen ima razne forme za [[Nominativ|nominativny]], [[Genitiv|genitivny]] i [[Dativ|dativny]] padež, ili, v anglijskom, za "the", "to the" i "of the": 'la', 'fa' i 'lasi', po redu.{{r|lmu1866|p=23-24.VII-VIII}} ==Gramatika== Osim naglaska i dužiny, slova Solresola se ne inflektuju. Da bi rečenice ostale jasne, posebno s mogućnošću gubitka informacij pri komunikaciji, odredjene časti řeči sleduju strog slovored. :Prěvjesniki vsegda sleduju imenicu ktoru određuju. :Nepremni objekty vsegda dolaze poslě glagola.{{r|lmu1866|p=26.XII}} :Priměry dane v originalnoj dokumentaciji ukazuju na [[subjekt–glagol–objekt slovored|slovored subjekt–glagol–objekt]],{{R|lmu1866|p=29.XVII}} však, to ne bi mělo imati značenje dok rečenica ostaje prosta i jasna. :Vremena vsegda prethode glagolom.{{r|lmu1866|p=30.XIX}} Da bi se slovo stvorilo u množini, [[akút|akútny naglasak]] se dodaje iznad poslednje sylaby, ktory se v govoru izgovara produženjem poslednje bukvy te sylaby.{{r|lmu1866|p=24.IX}} Priměry kako označiti množinu mužskih i ženskih slov: :''resimire'' brat, ''resimirē/resimire-e'' sestra :''resimiré'' bracia, ''resimiréē/resimiré-e'' sestry To utiče samo na prvo slovo v [[imenična fraza|imeničnoj frazi]]. To jest, utiče samo na imenicu kada je imenica sama, jako iznad. Ako je slovo popraćeno gramatičkom česticom (la, fa ili lasi), čestica će nositi oznaku roda i/ili broja umesto toga: :''la resimire'' [ty] brat, ''lā/la-a resimire'' [ta] sestra :''lá resimire'' [ty] bracia, ''láā/lá-a resimire'' [ty] sestry Časti řeči (jako i specifičnjejše definicije za něktora slova) se izvode iz glagol postavljanjem [[cirkumfleks|cirkumfleksa]] iznad jedne od sylab v pisanju, i izgovaranjem te sylaby s [[Glossary of music terminology#R|rinforzando]] (iznenadny naglasak ili [[Dynamics (music)#Gradual changes|crescendo]]). S naglaskom postavljenim na prvu sylabu, slovo postaje imenica. V četyri-sylabnyh slovah, naglašavanje druge sylaby stvara imenicu činitelja. [[Penult]]imna sylaba stvara prěvjesnik, a poslednja stvara prislov.{{r|lmu1866|p=25.XI}} Na pr., :''midofa'' preferovati, ''mîdofa'' preferencija, ''midôfa'' preferabilny, ''midofâ'' preferabilno :''resolmila'' nastaviti, ''rêsolmila'' nastavjenje, ''resôlmila'' jedny ktory nastavlja, ''resolmîla'' staly, ''resolmilâ'' stalno Na kompjuteryh koristajući rasporede klavijatur bez cirkumfleksa, sylaba może być napisana velikimi bukvami, ili [[caret]] postavljen medźu bukvy sylaby ili poslě sylaby. Zbog gramatike i slovoreda Solresola, razlikovanje častij řeči občno nije potrebno za razuměnje rečenice. Razne [[tense–aspect–mood|vremensko-načinske]] čestice su dvojne sylaby, kako je dato u slovniku iznad. Dodatno, po Gajewskom, pasivne glagoly se tvore s ''faremi'' medźu tom česticom i glagolom. Subjunktiv se tvori s ''mire'' pred zaimennikom. Negacija ''do'' se pojavljuje samo jednom v klauzi, pred slovom koje negira. Slovo ''fasi'' pred imenicom ili prěvjesnikom je [[augmentativ|augmentativno]]; poslě njega je [[Degrees of comparison of adjectives and adverbs|superlativ]]. ''Sifa'' je suprotnost ([[diminutiv|diminutivno]]):{{r|lmu1866|p=21.III}} :''fala'' dobro, ''fasi fala'' velmi dobro, ''fala fasi'' odlično, najbolje; ''sifa fala'' dobro (ali ne odlično), ''fala sifa'' ne velmi dobro (i slično s ''lafa'' zlo) :''sisire'' vjetar, ''fasi sisire'' oluja, ''sisire fasi'' ciklon; ''sifa sisire'' povjetarac, ''sisire sifa'' kretanje vazduha Pitanja Pitanja v Solresolu ne dobijaju mnogo pažnje u originalnoj dokumentaciji, niti imaju mnogo priměrov. Sudreova publikacija uključuje tri priměra upitnyh rečenic:{{r|lmu1866|p=127}} :Je vaše zdravlje dobro? – Redofafa? :Hoćete li ići na selo ove godine? – Fadoremi? :Hoćete li ići u pozorište večeras? – Soldoremi? Da bi se to stvorilo kao potvrdna izjava, dodaje se osobny zaimennik poslě: :Moje zdravlje je dobro. – Redofafa dore. :Ići ću na selo ove godine. – Fadoremi dore. :Ići ću u pozorište večeras. – Soldoremi dore. Gajewski umesto toga postavlja subjekt rečenice poslě glagola umesto pred glagolom, konstrukcija občna v evropskih jezycich. Nektery priměry su:{{R|grammar_eng|p=Interrogation and Negation}} :Jesam li? – Faremi dore? :Razumije li on? – Falafa dofa? :Učite li? – Sidosi domi? V vsih verzijah jezyka, postoje slova četyri sylaby duga, ponovljena "Mi" sekcija slovnika koja uključuje neka občna pitanja, taki jako:{{r|lmu1866|p=109.123}} :Miladodo? – Do kogo stepena/mjere? :Milarere? – Dobro? :Misirere? – Kto je to? ==Pismo Solresol== [[File:Solresol symbols.svg|thumb|Simboly Solresola]] Pismo koristano v Solresolu sastoji se od sedmih unikatnyh symbolov, vsaky predstavljajući jednu od sedmih "not". Na pr., "[[C (muzikalna nota)|Do]]" je krug, a "[[G (muzikalna nota)|Sol]]" je horizontalna linija. Slova Solresola se tvore povezivanjem symbolov v poredu kako se pojavljuju v slovu. Dvojne note se predstavljaju križanjem symbola. [[File:Solresol words.svg|thumb|Něktore osnovne slova Solresola]] Druge karakteristike Nepristrasny i relativno prosty Integrovane sistemy ([[znakovny jezyk|znakovny jezyk]], barvy, itd.) za većinu [[invaliditet|ometenj]], odmah operativne bez posebnogo učenja Brzo uspěšno učenje za nepismene (samo sedm sylab ili znakov ili deset bukv za znati i prepoznati) Vrlo prosty ali efektivny sistem za razlikovanje funkcij slov v rečenicah Koristajući [[tonic sol-fa]] sistem od [[John Curwen|Johna Curwena]], Solresol może też być [[znakovny jezyk|znakovano]]. Daljnji razvoj Drugi način koristania Solresola se naziva ''ses'', razvijen od [[C. George Boeree|C. Georgea Boereea]].<ref name="loan_words">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|title=Using loan words in Solresol|url=https://www.tumblr.com/sidosi/181390815161/using-loan-words-in-solresol|website=Tumblr|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251128152044if_/https://www.tumblr.com/sidosi/181390815161/using-loan-words-in-solresol|archive-date=2025-11-28|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Koristajući to, note dobijaju reprezentativne konsonante i vokale (ili diftongy). Najprostša slova koriste samo vokalu, dok vsa druga koriste složenjejšu strukturu sylab. do ⇒ p / o re ⇒ k / e mi ⇒ m / i fa ⇒ f / a sol ⇒ s / u la ⇒ l / au ti ⇒ t / ai Na ovaj način, można pisati ili izgovarati slova taki jako to: : sol-sol-re-do ⇒ suko (cvcv) – migrena Zato što se množina i ženske forme slov u Solresolu označavaju naglaskom ili dužinom glasov, ses koristi ''pau'' (nektory) ili ''fai'' (mnogo) za označavanje množiny, i ''mu'' (dobro) za označavanje ženskogo roda kogda je potrebno. == Kodiranje == Zahtev za [[ISO 639-3]] jezykovy kod, privremeno predloženy jako {{Code|sud}}, był upućen [[SIL Global|SIL-u]] 28 avgusta 2017,<ref name="sil_change">{{Cite web|author=SIL International|author-link=SIL Global|date=2017-08-28|title=ISO 639-3 Registration Authority Request for Change No. 2017-032|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032.pdf|website=ISO 639-3|publication-place=[[Dallas]]|format=PDF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605171450if_/https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032.pdf|archive-date=2019-06-05|archive-format=PDF|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="sil_new">{{Cite web|author=SIL International|author-link=SIL Global|date=2017-08-28|title=Request for New Language Code Element in ISO 639-3: [sud]|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032_sud.pdf|website=ISO 639-3|publication-place=[[Dallas]]|format=PDF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605171450if_/https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032_sud.pdf|archive-date=2019-06-05|archive-format=PDF|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="sidosi_request">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|date=2017-07-28|title=The Road to ISO 639-3|url=https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=310|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230829154231if_/https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=310|archive-date=2023-08-29|access-date=2018-10-22|df=mdy-all}}</ref> ale był odrinuły 23 janvara 2018.<ref name="sil_rejection">{{Cite web|author=SIL International|author-link=SIL Global|date=2018-01-23|title=Comments received for ISO 639-3 Change Request 2017-032|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/CR_Comments_2017-032.pdf|website=ISO 639-3|publication-place=[[Dallas]]|format=PDF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605171452if_/https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/CR_Comments_2017-032.pdf|archive-date=2019-06-05|archive-format=PDF|page=2|access-date=2019-09-27|df=mdy-all|quote=Zahtev za stvorenje koda [sud] za Solresol je odrinuły.}}</ref><ref name="sidosi_rejection">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|date=2018-02-01|title=Beyond ISO 639-3 (for now)|url=https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=350|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230829153926if_/https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=350|archive-date=2023-08-29|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Solresol je dobil kody {{Code|qso}} i {{Code|art-x-solresol}} v [[Codes for constructed languages|ConLang Code Registry]].<ref name="clcr">{{Cite web|last=Bettencourt|first=Rebecca G.|date=2015-01-08|title=ConLang Code Registry|url=https://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/|website=Kreative Korporation|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221127152005if_/http://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/|archive-date=2022-11-27|access-date=2021-04-06|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Sedm osnovnyh symbolov bylo predloženo za registraciju v [[ConScript Unicode Registry]].<ref name="csur">{{Cite web|last=Everson|first=Michael|author-link=Michael Everson|date=1997-01-21|title=Solresol: U+E770–U+E77F|url=https://www.evertype.com/standards/csur/solresol.html|website=ConScript Unicode Registry|publisher=Evertype|publication-place=[[Lecanvey]], [[Ireland]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417191120if_/https://www.evertype.com/standards/csur/solresol.html|archive-date=2021-04-17|access-date=2021-04-06|df=mdy-all}}</ref> == Priměrne teksty == ; Članok 1 ''[[Universalna deklaracija prav člověka|Universalnoj deklaracija prav člověka]]'' na medžuslovjanskom : ''Vsi ljudi rodet se svobodnymi i ravnymi v svojem dostojenstvu i pravah. Oni sut obdarjene razumom i svědomjem i muset postupati v odnošenju jedin k drugomu v duhu bratstva.'' ; Prěvod na Solresol : Siré misolredo faremi doredore domisimi re misóla, solfalafá dósila re réfasi. Dófa faremi remila fare dômilafa re dôfasifa, re fafa fasolfa midolǎ fare dômisola lasi sîmisila. ; Predstavjeno koristajuči ''ses'' Solresol : Sé muro fem pepe omúm e múl, salá ósau e éfai. Óf fem ril fe ômauf e ôfaif, e fa fuf ipǎu fe ômul lai âimail. == Gledite takože == * [[muzikalny jezyk]] * [[solfedžio]] * [[Tonic sol-fa]] * [[Voyage to Faremido]] * [[Ro jezyk]] ==Iztočniky== {{Iztočniky}} == Čitati dalje == * {{Cite book|last=Sudre|first=François|year=1866|title=Langue Musicale Universelle|url=http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/ladosol.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070831060525if_/http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/ladosol.html|archive-date=2007-08-31|publication-place=Paris|language=fr}} – HTML verzija celogo teksta Sudreovogo toma iz 1866, s originalnym [https://web.archive.org/web/20070831061613if_/http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/lrls_sosfs.html slovnikom] i [https://web.archive.org/web/20080310234035/http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/solrelaF.html frazeologijom] (v francozskom). * {{Cite book|last1=Couturat|first1=Louis|last2=Leau|first2=Léopold|year=1903|title=Histoire de la Langue Universelle|url=https://archive.org/details/histoiredelalang00coutuoft|publisher=Librairie Hachette|publication-place=[[Paris]]|language=fr|access-date=2025-11-28|df=mdy-all}} * {{Cite book|last=Eco|first=Umberto|author-link=Umberto Eco|date=1997-04-08|title=The Search for the Perfect Language|url=https://archive.org/details/searchforperfect00ecou|publisher=[[Wiley-Blackwell]]|publication-place=[[Cambridge, Massachusetts|Cambridge, Mass.]]|edition=1|series=The Making of Europe|isbn=978-0-631-20510-4|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}} ==Vněšnje linky== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20191115021254if_/https://www.omniglot.com/writing/solresol.htm Solresol jezyk i stenografično pismo] na Omniglot, online enciklopediji sistemov pisanja i jezykov * Anglijsko-Solresol slovniky od [https://web.archive.org/web/20250121193252if_/http://www.datapacrat.com/True/LANG/SOLRESOL/DICTIONA.HTM Jasona Hutchensa] (6 julija 1998) i [https://web.archive.org/web/20100923132246if_/http://www.ifost.org.au/~gregb/solresol/sorsolex.htm Stephena L. Ricea] (19 novembra 1997) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20231130083816if_/http://sharyphil.com/root/solresol-the-project/ SolReSol: Projekt v0.95] od Phila Sharyja, open source Solresol–anglijsky i anglijsky–Solresol překladateľsky program za Windows (32- i 64-bitny) s live MIDI podporom (24 februara 2015) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20250818235352if_/https://wiki.xxiivv.com/site/solresol.html Moderny Simetričny Solresol] od Davida Mondou-Labbého (28 septembra 2023) * [https://eliseduv.dev/solresol/ Překladač Anglijsky↔Solresol] {{Umětne jezyky}} [[Kategorija:1827 introdukcije]] [[Kategorija:Analitične jezyky]] [[Kategorija:Konstruovane jezyky]] [[Kategorija:Medžunarodne pomočne jezyky]] [[Kategorija:jezyky potvrđene od 1820-tyh]] [[Kategorija:muzikalne jezyky]] qsro8wossrqf0hojnj7ieoin3ldmkx6 45643 45642 2026-08-13T09:43:15Z Ilja isv 10 /* Evolucija */ 45643 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kartka jezyk | name = Solresol | nativename = <center>''[[solfedžio]]'': Sol-Re-Sol</center> | image = Solresol-langage.svg | created = 1827 | creator = [[François Sudre|{{-|François Sudre|Франсуа Судр}}]] | fam1 = [[umětne jezyky]] | fam2 = [[Pomočny jezyk]], [[Umětne jezyky#A priori|a priori]] | fam3 = [[muzikalny jezyk]] | posteriori = [[Umětne jezyky#A priori|a priori]] | script = pismo Solresol ; [[solfedžio]]; [[noty]]; [[barvy spektra]] | sign = Podpisana notacija; [[tonic sol-fa]] znaky od [[John Curwen]] | iso3 = qso | iso3comment = [https://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/ (lokalno koristane)] | glotto = none | ietf = [https://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/ art-x-solresol] }} '''Solresol''' ([[solfedžio]]: [[G (muzikalna nota)|Sol]]-[[D (muzikalna nota)|Re]]-[[G (muzikalna nota)|Sol]]), prvonačelno nazyvany {{Lang|fr|Langue universelle}} (bukv. 'Universalny jezyk') a potom {{Lang|fr|Langue musicale universelle}} ('Universalny muzikalny jezyk'), je [[muzikalny jezyk|muzikalny]] [[umětny jezyk]] stvorjeny od francozskogo učiteľa musiky i kompozitora [[François Sudre|Jean-Françoisa Sudrea]] (1787–1862), počinajući v 1817. Njegova kniga definujuća to, {{Lang|fr|Langue Musicale Universelle}}, była publikovana posmrtno v 1866,<ref name="lmu1866">{{Cite book|last=Sudre|first=François|year=1866|title=Langue Musicale Universelle|url=https://www.ifost.org.au/~gregb/solresol/sudre-book.pdf|format=PDF|url-status=live|publication-place=[[Paris]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320142510if_/http://www.ifost.org.au/~gregb/solresol/sudre-book.pdf|archive-date=2012-03-20|archive-format=PDF|language=fr|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> iako je on već několik godin publiciral to. Solresol doživil kratky čas popularnosti v drugej polovici 19. stolěća i był sponzorovan od takyh osob jako [[Victor Hugo]], [[Alphonse de Lamartine]], [[Alexander von Humboldt]] i [[Napoleon III]],<ref name="pei">{{Cite book|last=Pei|first=Mario|author-link=Mario Pei|year=1969|title=Wanted: A World Language|type=Pamphlet|series=Public Affairs|volume=434|pages=11–12|publisher=Public Affairs Committee|publication-place=[[New York City]]|url=http://www.autodidactproject.org/other/pei_worldlg.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180125230417if_/http://www.autodidactproject.org/other/pei_worldlg.html|archive-date=2018-01-25|access-date=2025-11-28|df=mdy-all}}</ref> kulminujući s publikacijom [[Boleslas Gajewski|Boleslasa Gajewskogo]] {{Lang|fr|Grammaire du Solresol}} v 1902. Dnes, postoje male komunity entuzijastov Solresola rozsypane po cělem světě.<ref name="sidosi">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|title=Sidosi Home|url=https://www.sidosi.org/|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004090845if_/https://www.sidosi.org/|archive-date=2023-10-04|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> == Evolucija == Postoji několik verzij Solresola, každá s malymi razlikami. Tri glavne varijacije ktore su ješte v oběgu—Sudre, Gajewski i "Modern"—razlikuju se pretežno v različnyh elementah slovnika, a složaju se pretežno o gramatike. Sudre je stvoril jezyk, i tako njegova verzija zaslužuje nazv byti originalnom verzijom Solresola. Vincent Gajewski, parizsky profesor, popularizoval jezyk jako predsednik Centralnogo Komiteta za Studium i Napredovanje Solresola, ktory był osnovan v 1869 od Sudreove udovy, Joséphine, da bi dalje promoviral njegovo dělo. Boleslas Gajewski, Vincentov syn i sam profesor, formalizoval gramatiku i napisal definitivno dělo o jezyka: {{Lang|fr|Grammaire du Solrésol}} (Gramatika Solresola).<ref name="grammar_eng">{{Cite web|last1=Gajewski|first1=Boleslas|last2=Rice|first2=Stephen L.|date=1997-11-19|orig-date=printed 1902 as {{-|Grammaire du Solrésol}}, translated 1997|title=Grammar of Solresol, or the Universal Language of François Sudre | url = http://www.ptialaska.net/~srice/solresol/sorsoeng.htm | website = Stephen L. Rice: The Solresol Page | url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070413035441if_/http://www.ptialaska.net/~srice/solresol/sorsoeng.htm|archive-date=2007-04-13|access-date=2019-09-29| ref = {{sfnref|Gramatika|2005}}}}</ref><ref name="grammar_pdf">{{Cite web|last=Gajewski|first=Boleslas|editor-last1=Rice|editor-first1=Stephen L.|editor-last2=Bigham|editor-first2=Doug|year=2005|orig-date=printed 1902 as {{-|Grammaire du Solrésol}}, translated 1997 (Rice), revised 2005 (Bigham)|title=Grammar of Solresol, or the Universal Language of François Sudre|url=https://i.sidosi.org/resources/grammar-of-solresol-bigham/grammar-of-solresol-bigham.pdf|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217001045if_/https://i.sidosi.org/resources/grammar-of-solresol-bigham/grammar-of-solresol-bigham.pdf|archive-date=2019-12-17|access-date=2019-12-16}}</ref> To je najviše publicirana verzija Solresola, zahvaljujući překladu na anglijsky od Stephena L. Ricea iz 1997,<ref name="grammar_pdf"/><ref name="grammar_eng"/> s znatnom količinom slovnika izměnjenogo od originala, kao i něktore gramatike. Jedny priměr je slovo ''fasol'', definovano kao "tutaj" v Sudreovom slovniku, ale "začto?" v Gajewskom. Tretja je neoficijalna verzija razvijana vremenom od komunity, nazvana "Moderny Solresol". Ona koristi Sudreovu verziju kao bazu, s prilagodbami gramatike i slovnika, takimi jako izměna definicij ''sisol'' i ''sila'' od značenja "Gospodin" i "Mlady muž" na sistem [[honorifik|honorifikov]] inspiriran onym koristanym v japonščině; oba su rodno-neutralne titule, jedna za byti poštivy, a druga za byti ljubazny.<ref name="Modern Solresol Dictionary">{{Cite web|last1=Osteen|first1=Garrison|last2=Walters|first2=Scott|last3=Parson|first3=Daniel|last4=Fernandez|first4=Tobias|date=2018-03-12|title=Solresol Dictionary Modernised|url=https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/182okssrHseIggjHGlzWyFH81-o8y8EsvQtJfPJYu6r8/edit|format=XLSX|website=Google Sheets|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250829164017if_/https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/182okssrHseIggjHGlzWyFH81-o8y8EsvQtJfPJYu6r8/edit|archive-date=2025-08-29|archive-format=XLSX|access-date=2019-12-22|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Gajewskogo publikacija donesla razne dodatky ktore ne konfliktu s originalnom verzijom jezyka, taki jako razne nove metody komunikacije,{{sfn|Gramatika|2005|p=16}} vključujući: skup symbolov koristane sedmih barv duhy, i koristane [[tonic sol-fa]] za signiranje jezyka ==Fonologija== [[File:Solresol.svg|thumb|right|Sedm konvencionalnyh not, barv, sylab, čisel i glifov koristanyh za prenos fonemov Solresola]] Solresol może być komunikovany koristajući sedm različnyh predmetov, s maksimumom pet na slovo. Statistički, ty kombinacije daju sedm jedno-sylabnyh slov, 49 dvuh-sylabnyh, 336 tri-sylabnyh, 2.268 četyr-sylabnyh i 9.072 pet-sylabnyh, za ukupno 11.732 mogućih primarnyh slov.<ref name="pei" /> Glavna metoda komunikacije je koristane sedmih [[solfedžio]] sylab (forma [[solmizacija|solmizacije]]), ktore mogu byti akcentovane, prodloužene ili ponovljene. Najprostši način koristati ty sylaby je govoriti ih jako by one byly regularne [[sylaba|sylaby]]. {{Trěba iztočnik|Zbog togo že predchádza [[Medžunarodny fonetičny alfabet|MFA]], ne postoje posebna pravila izgovora izvan standardnyh čitanj solfège. Zbog togo že vsaka sylaba je dovoljno odlična, mogu byti izgovorjene skoro vsakym sposobom, ktory čitatej preferuje.}} Sudre je izložil način transkripcije fonetiky francozskogo (i tako mnogih drugih jezykov) do Solresola, primarno koristany za vlastne imenice.{{r|lmu1866|p=32}} Koristajući občne izgovory kako su dane od strane [[Wiktionary|Vikislovnika]], je moguće rekonstruovati tabulu glasov koristajući modernu IPA. Zbog malog broja sylab, je potrebno ostaviti kratku pauzu medźu slovami tako da vsako slovo ostane jasno odvojeno. Kako je primetil Boleslas Gajewski: "člověk bi měl věnovati veliku pozornost pauzi po vsakom slovu; ta mala pauza je potrebna za odvajanje slov, tako da slušatelj ne bude zbunjen".{{R|grammar_eng|p=Reversed meanings}} ===Slovnik=== V Solresol [[morfologija (lingvistika)|morfologiji]], vsako slovo je poděleno na kategorije ili značenja ili funkcije, gdźe duža slova su občno specifičnjejša. Slova se razlikuju po treh glavnyh karakteristikah: početnoj sylabě, dužině slova, i tomu da li ima par ponovljenih sylab. Slova koja su jedna i dve sylaby duge su koristana za [[Zaimennik|zaimenniky]] i občne [[Gramatična čestica|čestice]], a ty s ponovljenimi sylabami su [[Gramatično vreme|vremena]]. Slova koja su jednu sylabu duga su posvećena slovima ktora su često koristana (v času stvorenja Solresola). Ty ktore uključuju ponavljajuće sylaby su rezervovane za "čisla, měsece goda, dni neděle i temperatury [pogodne uslove]", na pr. redodo "jedny", remimi "dva" (po Gajewskom). Slova koja su četyri sylaby duga spadaju v razne tematske kategorije. Na pr., slova počinjuća s 'sol', koja ne uključuju ponovljene sylaby, imaju značenja vezana za umetnosti ili nauky (na pr. soldoredo, "umetnost"; solmiredo, "akustika").{{r|lmu1866|p=22.V}} Však, ako slova koja su četyri sylaby duga imaju par ponovljenih sylab, njihova značenja se odnose na bolesti ili medicinu (na pr. solsolredo, "migrena"; solreresol, "ospice").{{r|lmu1866|p=23.VI}} Točnjejše, klase bez ponovljenih sylab su: ''do'': člověk, njegovo tělo i duh, intelektualne sposobnosti, kvalitete i hrana; ''re'': odeća, dom, domaćinstvo i porodica; ''mi'': činjenja človeka i njegove mane; ''fa'': selo, putovanja, vojna, more; ''sol'': lepe umetnosti i nauky; ''la'': industrija i trgovina; ''si'': město, vlada i administracija. S ponovljenimi sylabami, iste sylaby daju: ''do'': religija; ''re'': konstrukcija i razne obrti; ''mi'': predlogi, prislovne fraze i izolovane prislovy; ''fa'': bolesti; ''sol'': bolesti (nast.); ''la'': industrija i trgovina (jako u tipu bez ponavljanja); ''si'': pravda, magistratura i sudovi. Konačno, kombinacije pet sylab označavaju životinje, rośliny i minerale. Po defaultu, vse žive imenice i zaimenniky podrazuměvaju da su mužskogo roda. Za razlikovanje ženskogo roda, bar, [[pomišljaj|pomišljaj]] ili [[makron (diakritika)|makron]] se dodaje na konačnu sylabu odgovarajućeg člena ili samogo slova. V govoru, to se označava ponavljanjem vokala sylaby, s [[glotalna stop|glotalnom stopom]] koja odvaja ponovljenu vokalu od ostatka slova.{{r|lmu1866|p=24}} Však, v modernyh překladah, zaimenniky se ne měnje v zavisnosti od [[Gramatičny rod|roda]]. Umesto toga, oni se prosto prevode na anglijsky kao neutralne zaimenniky; it i they. Jedna unikatna karakteristika Solresola je da značenja mogu byti obrnuta obrtanjem sylab v slovah. Na pr. ''fala'' znači dobro ili ukusno, a ''lafa'' znači zlo. Prekidi v logičkom poredu slov v vsakoj kategoriji su občno uzrokovani tymi obrtivymi slovami.{{r|lmu1866|p=31.XXI}} {| style="background: transparent; border: hidden;" | style="padding: 0 2em;" | {| class="wikitable" | [[File:Solresol - misol.jpg|x88px]] | [[File:Solresol - solmi.jpg|x88px]] |- | style="text-align: center;" | '''misol''': "dobro" | style="text-align: center;" | '''solmi''': "zlo" |} | style="padding-left: 2em;" | {| class="wikitable" | [[File:Solresol - domisol.jpg|x88px]] | [[File:Solresol - solmido.jpg|x88px]] |- | style="text-align: center;" | '''domisol''': "[[Bog]]" | style="text-align: center;" | '''solmido''': "[[Djavol]]" |} |} Však, ne vsa slova su obrtiva v tom smyslu, taki jako ''dorefare'' znači vrat, a ''refaredo'' znači garderoba, ktore očigledno nisu suprotnosti. Slědujuća tabula pokazuje slova do dvuh sylab iz Gajewskogo slovnika: {| class="wikitable" ! {{Diagonal split header|style=height: 3em; width: 7em|1. syl.|2. syl.}} ! ''Nijedna'' ! style="background-color: #f69;" | -do ! style="background-color: #f96;" | -re ! style="background-color: #ff9;" | -mi ! style="background-color: #9f6;" | -fa ! style="background-color: #9ff;" | -sol ! style="background-color: #96f;" | -la ! style="background-color: #f9f;" | -si/-ti |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #f69;" | Do- | style="background-color: #f69;" | ne, ni, niti | style="background-color: #f69;" | (prošlo) | ja, mene || ty [sg] || on || se, sebe || jedny, někto || drugy |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #f96;" | Re- | style="background-color: #f96;" | i, tak jako | moj, moje | style="background-color: #f96;" | (pluperfekt) | tvoj, tvoje [sg] || njegov || naš, naše || vaš, vaše [pl] || njihov |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #ff9;" | Mi- | style="background-color: #ff9;" | ili, ili čak | za, da bi/da || ktory, koja (odnos. zaim.), že (veznik) | style="background-color: #ff9;" | (buduće) | čij, čija || dobro (prisl.) || tutaj je/tu je, gle || dobar večer/noć |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #9f6;" | Fa- | style="background-color: #9f6;" | k, ka | što? || s, sa, zajedno || ovaj, ova, ovo | style="background-color: #9f6;" | (kond.) | začto, iz kog razloga || dobro, ukusno, slasno || mnogo, velmi, krajno |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #9ff;" | Sol- | style="background-color: #9ff;" | ako | ale || v, unutra || zlo, loše (prisl.) || zato, jer | style="background-color: #9ff;" | (imperativ) | věčno, vsegda, bez konca || hvala, hvaly |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #96f;" | <span style="color: #000;">La-</span> | style="background-color: #96f;" | <span style="color: #000;">ty (člen)</span> | ničto, nikto, nijedny || od, po || tutaj, tam || zlo, loše || nikogda, nikad | style="background-color: #96f;" | <span style="color: #000;">(prezentni participij)</span> || od, iz |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #f9f;"| Si-/Ti- | style="background-color: #f9f;" | da, dobro, rado, složeno | isto (stvar) | vsaky, každy | dobro jutro/popoldne | malo, jedva |gospodin, pan |mlady muž, neženja | style="background-color: #f9f;" | <span style="color: #000;">(pasivny participij)</span> |} Određeny člen ima razne forme za [[Nominativ|nominativny]], [[Genitiv|genitivny]] i [[Dativ|dativny]] padež, ili, v anglijskom, za "the", "to the" i "of the": 'la', 'fa' i 'lasi', po redu.{{r|lmu1866|p=23-24.VII-VIII}} ==Gramatika== Osim naglaska i dužiny, slova Solresola se ne inflektuju. Da bi rečenice ostale jasne, posebno s mogućnošću gubitka informacij pri komunikaciji, odredjene časti řeči sleduju strog slovored. :Prěvjesniki vsegda sleduju imenicu ktoru određuju. :Nepremni objekty vsegda dolaze poslě glagola.{{r|lmu1866|p=26.XII}} :Priměry dane v originalnoj dokumentaciji ukazuju na [[subjekt–glagol–objekt slovored|slovored subjekt–glagol–objekt]],{{R|lmu1866|p=29.XVII}} však, to ne bi mělo imati značenje dok rečenica ostaje prosta i jasna. :Vremena vsegda prethode glagolom.{{r|lmu1866|p=30.XIX}} Da bi se slovo stvorilo u množini, [[akút|akútny naglasak]] se dodaje iznad poslednje sylaby, ktory se v govoru izgovara produženjem poslednje bukvy te sylaby.{{r|lmu1866|p=24.IX}} Priměry kako označiti množinu mužskih i ženskih slov: :''resimire'' brat, ''resimirē/resimire-e'' sestra :''resimiré'' bracia, ''resimiréē/resimiré-e'' sestry To utiče samo na prvo slovo v [[imenična fraza|imeničnoj frazi]]. To jest, utiče samo na imenicu kada je imenica sama, jako iznad. Ako je slovo popraćeno gramatičkom česticom (la, fa ili lasi), čestica će nositi oznaku roda i/ili broja umesto toga: :''la resimire'' [ty] brat, ''lā/la-a resimire'' [ta] sestra :''lá resimire'' [ty] bracia, ''láā/lá-a resimire'' [ty] sestry Časti řeči (jako i specifičnjejše definicije za něktora slova) se izvode iz glagol postavljanjem [[cirkumfleks|cirkumfleksa]] iznad jedne od sylab v pisanju, i izgovaranjem te sylaby s [[Glossary of music terminology#R|rinforzando]] (iznenadny naglasak ili [[Dynamics (music)#Gradual changes|crescendo]]). S naglaskom postavljenim na prvu sylabu, slovo postaje imenica. V četyri-sylabnyh slovah, naglašavanje druge sylaby stvara imenicu činitelja. [[Penult]]imna sylaba stvara prěvjesnik, a poslednja stvara prislov.{{r|lmu1866|p=25.XI}} Na pr., :''midofa'' preferovati, ''mîdofa'' preferencija, ''midôfa'' preferabilny, ''midofâ'' preferabilno :''resolmila'' nastaviti, ''rêsolmila'' nastavjenje, ''resôlmila'' jedny ktory nastavlja, ''resolmîla'' staly, ''resolmilâ'' stalno Na kompjuteryh koristajući rasporede klavijatur bez cirkumfleksa, sylaba może być napisana velikimi bukvami, ili [[caret]] postavljen medźu bukvy sylaby ili poslě sylaby. Zbog gramatike i slovoreda Solresola, razlikovanje častij řeči občno nije potrebno za razuměnje rečenice. Razne [[tense–aspect–mood|vremensko-načinske]] čestice su dvojne sylaby, kako je dato u slovniku iznad. Dodatno, po Gajewskom, pasivne glagoly se tvore s ''faremi'' medźu tom česticom i glagolom. Subjunktiv se tvori s ''mire'' pred zaimennikom. Negacija ''do'' se pojavljuje samo jednom v klauzi, pred slovom koje negira. Slovo ''fasi'' pred imenicom ili prěvjesnikom je [[augmentativ|augmentativno]]; poslě njega je [[Degrees of comparison of adjectives and adverbs|superlativ]]. ''Sifa'' je suprotnost ([[diminutiv|diminutivno]]):{{r|lmu1866|p=21.III}} :''fala'' dobro, ''fasi fala'' velmi dobro, ''fala fasi'' odlično, najbolje; ''sifa fala'' dobro (ali ne odlično), ''fala sifa'' ne velmi dobro (i slično s ''lafa'' zlo) :''sisire'' vjetar, ''fasi sisire'' oluja, ''sisire fasi'' ciklon; ''sifa sisire'' povjetarac, ''sisire sifa'' kretanje vazduha Pitanja Pitanja v Solresolu ne dobijaju mnogo pažnje u originalnoj dokumentaciji, niti imaju mnogo priměrov. Sudreova publikacija uključuje tri priměra upitnyh rečenic:{{r|lmu1866|p=127}} :Je vaše zdravlje dobro? – Redofafa? :Hoćete li ići na selo ove godine? – Fadoremi? :Hoćete li ići u pozorište večeras? – Soldoremi? Da bi se to stvorilo kao potvrdna izjava, dodaje se osobny zaimennik poslě: :Moje zdravlje je dobro. – Redofafa dore. :Ići ću na selo ove godine. – Fadoremi dore. :Ići ću u pozorište večeras. – Soldoremi dore. Gajewski umesto toga postavlja subjekt rečenice poslě glagola umesto pred glagolom, konstrukcija občna v evropskih jezycich. Nektery priměry su:{{R|grammar_eng|p=Interrogation and Negation}} :Jesam li? – Faremi dore? :Razumije li on? – Falafa dofa? :Učite li? – Sidosi domi? V vsih verzijah jezyka, postoje slova četyri sylaby duga, ponovljena "Mi" sekcija slovnika koja uključuje neka občna pitanja, taki jako:{{r|lmu1866|p=109.123}} :Miladodo? – Do kogo stepena/mjere? :Milarere? – Dobro? :Misirere? – Kto je to? ==Pismo Solresol== [[File:Solresol symbols.svg|thumb|Simboly Solresola]] Pismo koristano v Solresolu sastoji se od sedmih unikatnyh symbolov, vsaky predstavljajući jednu od sedmih "not". Na pr., "[[C (muzikalna nota)|Do]]" je krug, a "[[G (muzikalna nota)|Sol]]" je horizontalna linija. Slova Solresola se tvore povezivanjem symbolov v poredu kako se pojavljuju v slovu. Dvojne note se predstavljaju križanjem symbola. [[File:Solresol words.svg|thumb|Něktore osnovne slova Solresola]] Druge karakteristike Nepristrasny i relativno prosty Integrovane sistemy ([[znakovny jezyk|znakovny jezyk]], barvy, itd.) za većinu [[invaliditet|ometenj]], odmah operativne bez posebnogo učenja Brzo uspěšno učenje za nepismene (samo sedm sylab ili znakov ili deset bukv za znati i prepoznati) Vrlo prosty ali efektivny sistem za razlikovanje funkcij slov v rečenicah Koristajući [[tonic sol-fa]] sistem od [[John Curwen|Johna Curwena]], Solresol może też być [[znakovny jezyk|znakovano]]. Daljnji razvoj Drugi način koristania Solresola se naziva ''ses'', razvijen od [[C. George Boeree|C. Georgea Boereea]].<ref name="loan_words">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|title=Using loan words in Solresol|url=https://www.tumblr.com/sidosi/181390815161/using-loan-words-in-solresol|website=Tumblr|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251128152044if_/https://www.tumblr.com/sidosi/181390815161/using-loan-words-in-solresol|archive-date=2025-11-28|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Koristajući to, note dobijaju reprezentativne konsonante i vokale (ili diftongy). Najprostša slova koriste samo vokalu, dok vsa druga koriste složenjejšu strukturu sylab. do ⇒ p / o re ⇒ k / e mi ⇒ m / i fa ⇒ f / a sol ⇒ s / u la ⇒ l / au ti ⇒ t / ai Na ovaj način, można pisati ili izgovarati slova taki jako to: : sol-sol-re-do ⇒ suko (cvcv) – migrena Zato što se množina i ženske forme slov u Solresolu označavaju naglaskom ili dužinom glasov, ses koristi ''pau'' (nektory) ili ''fai'' (mnogo) za označavanje množiny, i ''mu'' (dobro) za označavanje ženskogo roda kogda je potrebno. == Kodiranje == Zahtev za [[ISO 639-3]] jezykovy kod, privremeno predloženy jako {{Code|sud}}, był upućen [[SIL Global|SIL-u]] 28 avgusta 2017,<ref name="sil_change">{{Cite web|author=SIL International|author-link=SIL Global|date=2017-08-28|title=ISO 639-3 Registration Authority Request for Change No. 2017-032|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032.pdf|website=ISO 639-3|publication-place=[[Dallas]]|format=PDF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605171450if_/https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032.pdf|archive-date=2019-06-05|archive-format=PDF|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="sil_new">{{Cite web|author=SIL International|author-link=SIL Global|date=2017-08-28|title=Request for New Language Code Element in ISO 639-3: [sud]|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032_sud.pdf|website=ISO 639-3|publication-place=[[Dallas]]|format=PDF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605171450if_/https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032_sud.pdf|archive-date=2019-06-05|archive-format=PDF|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="sidosi_request">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|date=2017-07-28|title=The Road to ISO 639-3|url=https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=310|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230829154231if_/https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=310|archive-date=2023-08-29|access-date=2018-10-22|df=mdy-all}}</ref> ale był odrinuły 23 janvara 2018.<ref name="sil_rejection">{{Cite web|author=SIL International|author-link=SIL Global|date=2018-01-23|title=Comments received for ISO 639-3 Change Request 2017-032|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/CR_Comments_2017-032.pdf|website=ISO 639-3|publication-place=[[Dallas]]|format=PDF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605171452if_/https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/CR_Comments_2017-032.pdf|archive-date=2019-06-05|archive-format=PDF|page=2|access-date=2019-09-27|df=mdy-all|quote=Zahtev za stvorenje koda [sud] za Solresol je odrinuły.}}</ref><ref name="sidosi_rejection">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|date=2018-02-01|title=Beyond ISO 639-3 (for now)|url=https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=350|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230829153926if_/https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=350|archive-date=2023-08-29|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Solresol je dobil kody {{Code|qso}} i {{Code|art-x-solresol}} v [[Codes for constructed languages|ConLang Code Registry]].<ref name="clcr">{{Cite web|last=Bettencourt|first=Rebecca G.|date=2015-01-08|title=ConLang Code Registry|url=https://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/|website=Kreative Korporation|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221127152005if_/http://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/|archive-date=2022-11-27|access-date=2021-04-06|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Sedm osnovnyh symbolov bylo predloženo za registraciju v [[ConScript Unicode Registry]].<ref name="csur">{{Cite web|last=Everson|first=Michael|author-link=Michael Everson|date=1997-01-21|title=Solresol: U+E770–U+E77F|url=https://www.evertype.com/standards/csur/solresol.html|website=ConScript Unicode Registry|publisher=Evertype|publication-place=[[Lecanvey]], [[Ireland]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417191120if_/https://www.evertype.com/standards/csur/solresol.html|archive-date=2021-04-17|access-date=2021-04-06|df=mdy-all}}</ref> == Priměrne teksty == ; Članok 1 ''[[Universalna deklaracija prav člověka|Universalnoj deklaracija prav člověka]]'' na medžuslovjanskom : ''Vsi ljudi rodet se svobodnymi i ravnymi v svojem dostojenstvu i pravah. Oni sut obdarjene razumom i svědomjem i muset postupati v odnošenju jedin k drugomu v duhu bratstva.'' ; Prěvod na Solresol : Siré misolredo faremi doredore domisimi re misóla, solfalafá dósila re réfasi. Dófa faremi remila fare dômilafa re dôfasifa, re fafa fasolfa midolǎ fare dômisola lasi sîmisila. ; Predstavjeno koristajuči ''ses'' Solresol : Sé muro fem pepe omúm e múl, salá ósau e éfai. Óf fem ril fe ômauf e ôfaif, e fa fuf ipǎu fe ômul lai âimail. == Gledite takože == * [[muzikalny jezyk]] * [[solfedžio]] * [[Tonic sol-fa]] * [[Voyage to Faremido]] * [[Ro jezyk]] ==Iztočniky== {{Iztočniky}} == Čitati dalje == * {{Cite book|last=Sudre|first=François|year=1866|title=Langue Musicale Universelle|url=http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/ladosol.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070831060525if_/http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/ladosol.html|archive-date=2007-08-31|publication-place=Paris|language=fr}} – HTML verzija celogo teksta Sudreovogo toma iz 1866, s originalnym [https://web.archive.org/web/20070831061613if_/http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/lrls_sosfs.html slovnikom] i [https://web.archive.org/web/20080310234035/http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/solrelaF.html frazeologijom] (v francozskom). * {{Cite book|last1=Couturat|first1=Louis|last2=Leau|first2=Léopold|year=1903|title=Histoire de la Langue Universelle|url=https://archive.org/details/histoiredelalang00coutuoft|publisher=Librairie Hachette|publication-place=[[Paris]]|language=fr|access-date=2025-11-28|df=mdy-all}} * {{Cite book|last=Eco|first=Umberto|author-link=Umberto Eco|date=1997-04-08|title=The Search for the Perfect Language|url=https://archive.org/details/searchforperfect00ecou|publisher=[[Wiley-Blackwell]]|publication-place=[[Cambridge, Massachusetts|Cambridge, Mass.]]|edition=1|series=The Making of Europe|isbn=978-0-631-20510-4|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}} ==Vněšnje linky== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20191115021254if_/https://www.omniglot.com/writing/solresol.htm Solresol jezyk i stenografično pismo] na Omniglot, online enciklopediji sistemov pisanja i jezykov * Anglijsko-Solresol slovniky od [https://web.archive.org/web/20250121193252if_/http://www.datapacrat.com/True/LANG/SOLRESOL/DICTIONA.HTM Jasona Hutchensa] (6 julija 1998) i [https://web.archive.org/web/20100923132246if_/http://www.ifost.org.au/~gregb/solresol/sorsolex.htm Stephena L. Ricea] (19 novembra 1997) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20231130083816if_/http://sharyphil.com/root/solresol-the-project/ SolReSol: Projekt v0.95] od Phila Sharyja, open source Solresol–anglijsky i anglijsky–Solresol překladateľsky program za Windows (32- i 64-bitny) s live MIDI podporom (24 februara 2015) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20250818235352if_/https://wiki.xxiivv.com/site/solresol.html Moderny Simetričny Solresol] od Davida Mondou-Labbého (28 septembra 2023) * [https://eliseduv.dev/solresol/ Překladač Anglijsky↔Solresol] {{Umětne jezyky}} [[Kategorija:1827 introdukcije]] [[Kategorija:Analitične jezyky]] [[Kategorija:Konstruovane jezyky]] [[Kategorija:Medžunarodne pomočne jezyky]] [[Kategorija:jezyky potvrđene od 1820-tyh]] [[Kategorija:muzikalne jezyky]] 8nys6l0wpowgksqfxylinkbndjlsry7 45652 45643 2026-08-13T09:58:50Z Ilja isv 10 /* Fonologija */ 45652 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kartka jezyk | name = Solresol | nativename = <center>''[[solfedžio]]'': Sol-Re-Sol</center> | image = Solresol-langage.svg | created = 1827 | creator = [[François Sudre|{{-|François Sudre|Франсуа Судр}}]] | fam1 = [[umětne jezyky]] | fam2 = [[Pomočny jezyk]], [[Umětne jezyky#A priori|a priori]] | fam3 = [[muzikalny jezyk]] | posteriori = [[Umětne jezyky#A priori|a priori]] | script = pismo Solresol ; [[solfedžio]]; [[noty]]; [[barvy spektra]] | sign = Podpisana notacija; [[tonic sol-fa]] znaky od [[John Curwen]] | iso3 = qso | iso3comment = [https://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/ (lokalno koristane)] | glotto = none | ietf = [https://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/ art-x-solresol] }} '''Solresol''' ([[solfedžio]]: [[G (muzikalna nota)|Sol]]-[[D (muzikalna nota)|Re]]-[[G (muzikalna nota)|Sol]]), prvonačelno nazyvany {{Lang|fr|Langue universelle}} (bukv. 'Universalny jezyk') a potom {{Lang|fr|Langue musicale universelle}} ('Universalny muzikalny jezyk'), je [[muzikalny jezyk|muzikalny]] [[umětny jezyk]] stvorjeny od francozskogo učiteľa musiky i kompozitora [[François Sudre|Jean-Françoisa Sudrea]] (1787–1862), počinajući v 1817. Njegova kniga definujuća to, {{Lang|fr|Langue Musicale Universelle}}, była publikovana posmrtno v 1866,<ref name="lmu1866">{{Cite book|last=Sudre|first=François|year=1866|title=Langue Musicale Universelle|url=https://www.ifost.org.au/~gregb/solresol/sudre-book.pdf|format=PDF|url-status=live|publication-place=[[Paris]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320142510if_/http://www.ifost.org.au/~gregb/solresol/sudre-book.pdf|archive-date=2012-03-20|archive-format=PDF|language=fr|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> iako je on već několik godin publiciral to. Solresol doživil kratky čas popularnosti v drugej polovici 19. stolěća i był sponzorovan od takyh osob jako [[Victor Hugo]], [[Alphonse de Lamartine]], [[Alexander von Humboldt]] i [[Napoleon III]],<ref name="pei">{{Cite book|last=Pei|first=Mario|author-link=Mario Pei|year=1969|title=Wanted: A World Language|type=Pamphlet|series=Public Affairs|volume=434|pages=11–12|publisher=Public Affairs Committee|publication-place=[[New York City]]|url=http://www.autodidactproject.org/other/pei_worldlg.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180125230417if_/http://www.autodidactproject.org/other/pei_worldlg.html|archive-date=2018-01-25|access-date=2025-11-28|df=mdy-all}}</ref> kulminujući s publikacijom [[Boleslas Gajewski|Boleslasa Gajewskogo]] {{Lang|fr|Grammaire du Solresol}} v 1902. Dnes, postoje male komunity entuzijastov Solresola rozsypane po cělem světě.<ref name="sidosi">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|title=Sidosi Home|url=https://www.sidosi.org/|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004090845if_/https://www.sidosi.org/|archive-date=2023-10-04|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> == Evolucija == Postoji několik verzij Solresola, každá s malymi razlikami. Tri glavne varijacije ktore su ješte v oběgu—Sudre, Gajewski i "Modern"—razlikuju se pretežno v različnyh elementah slovnika, a složaju se pretežno o gramatike. Sudre je stvoril jezyk, i tako njegova verzija zaslužuje nazv byti originalnom verzijom Solresola. Vincent Gajewski, parizsky profesor, popularizoval jezyk jako predsednik Centralnogo Komiteta za Studium i Napredovanje Solresola, ktory był osnovan v 1869 od Sudreove udovy, Joséphine, da bi dalje promoviral njegovo dělo. Boleslas Gajewski, Vincentov syn i sam profesor, formalizoval gramatiku i napisal definitivno dělo o jezyka: {{Lang|fr|Grammaire du Solrésol}} (Gramatika Solresola).<ref name="grammar_eng">{{Cite web|last1=Gajewski|first1=Boleslas|last2=Rice|first2=Stephen L.|date=1997-11-19|orig-date=printed 1902 as {{-|Grammaire du Solrésol}}, translated 1997|title=Grammar of Solresol, or the Universal Language of François Sudre | url = http://www.ptialaska.net/~srice/solresol/sorsoeng.htm | website = Stephen L. Rice: The Solresol Page | url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070413035441if_/http://www.ptialaska.net/~srice/solresol/sorsoeng.htm|archive-date=2007-04-13|access-date=2019-09-29| ref = {{sfnref|Gramatika|2005}}}}</ref><ref name="grammar_pdf">{{Cite web|last=Gajewski|first=Boleslas|editor-last1=Rice|editor-first1=Stephen L.|editor-last2=Bigham|editor-first2=Doug|year=2005|orig-date=printed 1902 as {{-|Grammaire du Solrésol}}, translated 1997 (Rice), revised 2005 (Bigham)|title=Grammar of Solresol, or the Universal Language of François Sudre|url=https://i.sidosi.org/resources/grammar-of-solresol-bigham/grammar-of-solresol-bigham.pdf|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217001045if_/https://i.sidosi.org/resources/grammar-of-solresol-bigham/grammar-of-solresol-bigham.pdf|archive-date=2019-12-17|access-date=2019-12-16}}</ref> To je najviše publicirana verzija Solresola, zahvaljujući překladu na anglijsky od Stephena L. Ricea iz 1997,<ref name="grammar_pdf"/><ref name="grammar_eng"/> s znatnom količinom slovnika izměnjenogo od originala, kao i něktore gramatike. Jedny priměr je slovo ''fasol'', definovano kao "tutaj" v Sudreovom slovniku, ale "začto?" v Gajewskom. Tretja je neoficijalna verzija razvijana vremenom od komunity, nazvana "Moderny Solresol". Ona koristi Sudreovu verziju kao bazu, s prilagodbami gramatike i slovnika, takimi jako izměna definicij ''sisol'' i ''sila'' od značenja "Gospodin" i "Mlady muž" na sistem [[honorifik|honorifikov]] inspiriran onym koristanym v japonščině; oba su rodno-neutralne titule, jedna za byti poštivy, a druga za byti ljubazny.<ref name="Modern Solresol Dictionary">{{Cite web|last1=Osteen|first1=Garrison|last2=Walters|first2=Scott|last3=Parson|first3=Daniel|last4=Fernandez|first4=Tobias|date=2018-03-12|title=Solresol Dictionary Modernised|url=https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/182okssrHseIggjHGlzWyFH81-o8y8EsvQtJfPJYu6r8/edit|format=XLSX|website=Google Sheets|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250829164017if_/https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/182okssrHseIggjHGlzWyFH81-o8y8EsvQtJfPJYu6r8/edit|archive-date=2025-08-29|archive-format=XLSX|access-date=2019-12-22|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Gajewskogo publikacija donesla razne dodatky ktore ne konfliktu s originalnom verzijom jezyka, taki jako razne nove metody komunikacije,{{sfn|Gramatika|2005|p=16}} vključujući: skup symbolov koristane sedmih barv duhy, i koristane [[tonic sol-fa]] za signiranje jezyka ==Fonologija== [[File:Solresol.svg|thumb|right|Sedm konvencionalnyh not, barv, sylab, čisel i glifov koristanyh za prenos fonemov Solresola]] Solresol może być komunikovany koristajući sedm različnyh predmetov, s maksimumom pet na slovo. Statistički, ty kombinacije daju sedm jedno-sylabnyh slov, 49 dvuh-sylabnyh, 336 tri-sylabnyh, 2.268 četyr-sylabnyh i 9.072 pet-sylabnyh, za ukupno 11.732 mogućih primarnyh slov.<ref name="pei" /> Glavna metoda komunikacije je koristane sedmih [[solfedžio]] sylab (forma [[solmizacija|solmizacije]]), ktore mogu byti akcentovane, prodloužene ili ponovljene. Najprostši način koristati ty sylaby je govoriti ih jako by one byly regularne [[sylaba|sylaby]]. {{Trěba iztočnik|Zbog togo že predchádza [[Medžunarodny fonetičny alfabet|MFA]], ne postoje posebna pravila izgovora izvan standardnyh čitanj solfège. Zbog togo že vsaka sylaba je dovoljno odlična, mogu byti izgovorjene skoro vsakym sposobom, ktory čitatej preferuje.}} Sudre je izložil način transkripcije fonetiky francozskogo (i tako mnogih drugih jezykov) do Solresola, primarno koristany za vlastne imenice.{{r|lmu1866|p=32}} Koristajući občne izgovory kako su dane od strane [[Vikislovnik|Vikislovnika]], je moguće rekonstruovati tabulu glasov koristajući modernu IPA. Zbog malog broja sylab, je potrebno ostaviti kratku pauzu medźu slovami tako da vsako slovo ostane jasno odvojeno. Kako je primetil Boleslas Gajewski: "člověk bi měl věnovati veliku pozornost pauzi po vsakom slovu; ta mala pauza je potrebna za odvajanje slov, tako da slušatelj ne bude zbunjen".{{R|grammar_eng|p=Reversed meanings}} ===Slovnik=== V Solresol [[morfologija (lingvistika)|morfologiji]], vsako slovo je poděleno na kategorije ili značenja ili funkcije, gdźe duža slova su občno specifičnjejša. Slova se razlikuju po treh glavnyh karakteristikah: početnoj sylabě, dužině slova, i tomu da li ima par ponovljenih sylab. Slova koja su jedna i dve sylaby duge su koristana za [[Zaimennik|zaimenniky]] i občne [[Gramatična čestica|čestice]], a ty s ponovljenimi sylabami su [[Gramatično vreme|vremena]]. Slova koja su jednu sylabu duga su posvećena slovima ktora su često koristana (v času stvorenja Solresola). Ty ktore uključuju ponavljajuće sylaby su rezervovane za "čisla, měsece goda, dni neděle i temperatury [pogodne uslove]", na pr. redodo "jedny", remimi "dva" (po Gajewskom). Slova koja su četyri sylaby duga spadaju v razne tematske kategorije. Na pr., slova počinjuća s 'sol', koja ne uključuju ponovljene sylaby, imaju značenja vezana za umetnosti ili nauky (na pr. soldoredo, "umetnost"; solmiredo, "akustika").{{r|lmu1866|p=22.V}} Však, ako slova koja su četyri sylaby duga imaju par ponovljenih sylab, njihova značenja se odnose na bolesti ili medicinu (na pr. solsolredo, "migrena"; solreresol, "ospice").{{r|lmu1866|p=23.VI}} Točnjejše, klase bez ponovljenih sylab su: ''do'': člověk, njegovo tělo i duh, intelektualne sposobnosti, kvalitete i hrana; ''re'': odeća, dom, domaćinstvo i porodica; ''mi'': činjenja človeka i njegove mane; ''fa'': selo, putovanja, vojna, more; ''sol'': lepe umetnosti i nauky; ''la'': industrija i trgovina; ''si'': město, vlada i administracija. S ponovljenimi sylabami, iste sylaby daju: ''do'': religija; ''re'': konstrukcija i razne obrti; ''mi'': predlogi, prislovne fraze i izolovane prislovy; ''fa'': bolesti; ''sol'': bolesti (nast.); ''la'': industrija i trgovina (jako u tipu bez ponavljanja); ''si'': pravda, magistratura i sudovi. Konačno, kombinacije pet sylab označavaju životinje, rośliny i minerale. Po defaultu, vse žive imenice i zaimenniky podrazuměvaju da su mužskogo roda. Za razlikovanje ženskogo roda, bar, [[pomišljaj|pomišljaj]] ili [[makron (diakritika)|makron]] se dodaje na konačnu sylabu odgovarajućeg člena ili samogo slova. V govoru, to se označava ponavljanjem vokala sylaby, s [[glotalna stop|glotalnom stopom]] koja odvaja ponovljenu vokalu od ostatka slova.{{r|lmu1866|p=24}} Však, v modernyh překladah, zaimenniky se ne měnje v zavisnosti od [[Gramatičny rod|roda]]. Umesto toga, oni se prosto prevode na anglijsky kao neutralne zaimenniky; it i they. Jedna unikatna karakteristika Solresola je da značenja mogu byti obrnuta obrtanjem sylab v slovah. Na pr. ''fala'' znači dobro ili ukusno, a ''lafa'' znači zlo. Prekidi v logičkom poredu slov v vsakoj kategoriji su občno uzrokovani tymi obrtivymi slovami.{{r|lmu1866|p=31.XXI}} {| style="background: transparent; border: hidden;" | style="padding: 0 2em;" | {| class="wikitable" | [[File:Solresol - misol.jpg|x88px]] | [[File:Solresol - solmi.jpg|x88px]] |- | style="text-align: center;" | '''misol''': "dobro" | style="text-align: center;" | '''solmi''': "zlo" |} | style="padding-left: 2em;" | {| class="wikitable" | [[File:Solresol - domisol.jpg|x88px]] | [[File:Solresol - solmido.jpg|x88px]] |- | style="text-align: center;" | '''domisol''': "[[Bog]]" | style="text-align: center;" | '''solmido''': "[[Djavol]]" |} |} Však, ne vsa slova su obrtiva v tom smyslu, taki jako ''dorefare'' znači vrat, a ''refaredo'' znači garderoba, ktore očigledno nisu suprotnosti. Slědujuća tabula pokazuje slova do dvuh sylab iz Gajewskogo slovnika: {| class="wikitable" ! {{Diagonal split header|style=height: 3em; width: 7em|1. syl.|2. syl.}} ! ''Nijedna'' ! style="background-color: #f69;" | -do ! style="background-color: #f96;" | -re ! style="background-color: #ff9;" | -mi ! style="background-color: #9f6;" | -fa ! style="background-color: #9ff;" | -sol ! style="background-color: #96f;" | -la ! style="background-color: #f9f;" | -si/-ti |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #f69;" | Do- | style="background-color: #f69;" | ne, ni, niti | style="background-color: #f69;" | (prošlo) | ja, mene || ty [sg] || on || se, sebe || jedny, někto || drugy |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #f96;" | Re- | style="background-color: #f96;" | i, tak jako | moj, moje | style="background-color: #f96;" | (pluperfekt) | tvoj, tvoje [sg] || njegov || naš, naše || vaš, vaše [pl] || njihov |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #ff9;" | Mi- | style="background-color: #ff9;" | ili, ili čak | za, da bi/da || ktory, koja (odnos. zaim.), že (veznik) | style="background-color: #ff9;" | (buduće) | čij, čija || dobro (prisl.) || tutaj je/tu je, gle || dobar večer/noć |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #9f6;" | Fa- | style="background-color: #9f6;" | k, ka | što? || s, sa, zajedno || ovaj, ova, ovo | style="background-color: #9f6;" | (kond.) | začto, iz kog razloga || dobro, ukusno, slasno || mnogo, velmi, krajno |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #9ff;" | Sol- | style="background-color: #9ff;" | ako | ale || v, unutra || zlo, loše (prisl.) || zato, jer | style="background-color: #9ff;" | (imperativ) | věčno, vsegda, bez konca || hvala, hvaly |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #96f;" | <span style="color: #000;">La-</span> | style="background-color: #96f;" | <span style="color: #000;">ty (člen)</span> | ničto, nikto, nijedny || od, po || tutaj, tam || zlo, loše || nikogda, nikad | style="background-color: #96f;" | <span style="color: #000;">(prezentni participij)</span> || od, iz |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #f9f;"| Si-/Ti- | style="background-color: #f9f;" | da, dobro, rado, složeno | isto (stvar) | vsaky, každy | dobro jutro/popoldne | malo, jedva |gospodin, pan |mlady muž, neženja | style="background-color: #f9f;" | <span style="color: #000;">(pasivny participij)</span> |} Određeny člen ima razne forme za [[Nominativ|nominativny]], [[Genitiv|genitivny]] i [[Dativ|dativny]] padež, ili, v anglijskom, za "the", "to the" i "of the": 'la', 'fa' i 'lasi', po redu.{{r|lmu1866|p=23-24.VII-VIII}} ==Gramatika== Osim naglaska i dužiny, slova Solresola se ne inflektuju. Da bi rečenice ostale jasne, posebno s mogućnošću gubitka informacij pri komunikaciji, odredjene časti řeči sleduju strog slovored. :Prěvjesniki vsegda sleduju imenicu ktoru određuju. :Nepremni objekty vsegda dolaze poslě glagola.{{r|lmu1866|p=26.XII}} :Priměry dane v originalnoj dokumentaciji ukazuju na [[subjekt–glagol–objekt slovored|slovored subjekt–glagol–objekt]],{{R|lmu1866|p=29.XVII}} však, to ne bi mělo imati značenje dok rečenica ostaje prosta i jasna. :Vremena vsegda prethode glagolom.{{r|lmu1866|p=30.XIX}} Da bi se slovo stvorilo u množini, [[akút|akútny naglasak]] se dodaje iznad poslednje sylaby, ktory se v govoru izgovara produženjem poslednje bukvy te sylaby.{{r|lmu1866|p=24.IX}} Priměry kako označiti množinu mužskih i ženskih slov: :''resimire'' brat, ''resimirē/resimire-e'' sestra :''resimiré'' bracia, ''resimiréē/resimiré-e'' sestry To utiče samo na prvo slovo v [[imenična fraza|imeničnoj frazi]]. To jest, utiče samo na imenicu kada je imenica sama, jako iznad. Ako je slovo popraćeno gramatičkom česticom (la, fa ili lasi), čestica će nositi oznaku roda i/ili broja umesto toga: :''la resimire'' [ty] brat, ''lā/la-a resimire'' [ta] sestra :''lá resimire'' [ty] bracia, ''láā/lá-a resimire'' [ty] sestry Časti řeči (jako i specifičnjejše definicije za něktora slova) se izvode iz glagol postavljanjem [[cirkumfleks|cirkumfleksa]] iznad jedne od sylab v pisanju, i izgovaranjem te sylaby s [[Glossary of music terminology#R|rinforzando]] (iznenadny naglasak ili [[Dynamics (music)#Gradual changes|crescendo]]). S naglaskom postavljenim na prvu sylabu, slovo postaje imenica. V četyri-sylabnyh slovah, naglašavanje druge sylaby stvara imenicu činitelja. [[Penult]]imna sylaba stvara prěvjesnik, a poslednja stvara prislov.{{r|lmu1866|p=25.XI}} Na pr., :''midofa'' preferovati, ''mîdofa'' preferencija, ''midôfa'' preferabilny, ''midofâ'' preferabilno :''resolmila'' nastaviti, ''rêsolmila'' nastavjenje, ''resôlmila'' jedny ktory nastavlja, ''resolmîla'' staly, ''resolmilâ'' stalno Na kompjuteryh koristajući rasporede klavijatur bez cirkumfleksa, sylaba może być napisana velikimi bukvami, ili [[caret]] postavljen medźu bukvy sylaby ili poslě sylaby. Zbog gramatike i slovoreda Solresola, razlikovanje častij řeči občno nije potrebno za razuměnje rečenice. Razne [[tense–aspect–mood|vremensko-načinske]] čestice su dvojne sylaby, kako je dato u slovniku iznad. Dodatno, po Gajewskom, pasivne glagoly se tvore s ''faremi'' medźu tom česticom i glagolom. Subjunktiv se tvori s ''mire'' pred zaimennikom. Negacija ''do'' se pojavljuje samo jednom v klauzi, pred slovom koje negira. Slovo ''fasi'' pred imenicom ili prěvjesnikom je [[augmentativ|augmentativno]]; poslě njega je [[Degrees of comparison of adjectives and adverbs|superlativ]]. ''Sifa'' je suprotnost ([[diminutiv|diminutivno]]):{{r|lmu1866|p=21.III}} :''fala'' dobro, ''fasi fala'' velmi dobro, ''fala fasi'' odlično, najbolje; ''sifa fala'' dobro (ali ne odlično), ''fala sifa'' ne velmi dobro (i slično s ''lafa'' zlo) :''sisire'' vjetar, ''fasi sisire'' oluja, ''sisire fasi'' ciklon; ''sifa sisire'' povjetarac, ''sisire sifa'' kretanje vazduha Pitanja Pitanja v Solresolu ne dobijaju mnogo pažnje u originalnoj dokumentaciji, niti imaju mnogo priměrov. Sudreova publikacija uključuje tri priměra upitnyh rečenic:{{r|lmu1866|p=127}} :Je vaše zdravlje dobro? – Redofafa? :Hoćete li ići na selo ove godine? – Fadoremi? :Hoćete li ići u pozorište večeras? – Soldoremi? Da bi se to stvorilo kao potvrdna izjava, dodaje se osobny zaimennik poslě: :Moje zdravlje je dobro. – Redofafa dore. :Ići ću na selo ove godine. – Fadoremi dore. :Ići ću u pozorište večeras. – Soldoremi dore. Gajewski umesto toga postavlja subjekt rečenice poslě glagola umesto pred glagolom, konstrukcija občna v evropskih jezycich. Nektery priměry su:{{R|grammar_eng|p=Interrogation and Negation}} :Jesam li? – Faremi dore? :Razumije li on? – Falafa dofa? :Učite li? – Sidosi domi? V vsih verzijah jezyka, postoje slova četyri sylaby duga, ponovljena "Mi" sekcija slovnika koja uključuje neka občna pitanja, taki jako:{{r|lmu1866|p=109.123}} :Miladodo? – Do kogo stepena/mjere? :Milarere? – Dobro? :Misirere? – Kto je to? ==Pismo Solresol== [[File:Solresol symbols.svg|thumb|Simboly Solresola]] Pismo koristano v Solresolu sastoji se od sedmih unikatnyh symbolov, vsaky predstavljajući jednu od sedmih "not". Na pr., "[[C (muzikalna nota)|Do]]" je krug, a "[[G (muzikalna nota)|Sol]]" je horizontalna linija. Slova Solresola se tvore povezivanjem symbolov v poredu kako se pojavljuju v slovu. Dvojne note se predstavljaju križanjem symbola. [[File:Solresol words.svg|thumb|Něktore osnovne slova Solresola]] Druge karakteristike Nepristrasny i relativno prosty Integrovane sistemy ([[znakovny jezyk|znakovny jezyk]], barvy, itd.) za većinu [[invaliditet|ometenj]], odmah operativne bez posebnogo učenja Brzo uspěšno učenje za nepismene (samo sedm sylab ili znakov ili deset bukv za znati i prepoznati) Vrlo prosty ali efektivny sistem za razlikovanje funkcij slov v rečenicah Koristajući [[tonic sol-fa]] sistem od [[John Curwen|Johna Curwena]], Solresol może też być [[znakovny jezyk|znakovano]]. Daljnji razvoj Drugi način koristania Solresola se naziva ''ses'', razvijen od [[C. George Boeree|C. Georgea Boereea]].<ref name="loan_words">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|title=Using loan words in Solresol|url=https://www.tumblr.com/sidosi/181390815161/using-loan-words-in-solresol|website=Tumblr|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251128152044if_/https://www.tumblr.com/sidosi/181390815161/using-loan-words-in-solresol|archive-date=2025-11-28|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Koristajući to, note dobijaju reprezentativne konsonante i vokale (ili diftongy). Najprostša slova koriste samo vokalu, dok vsa druga koriste složenjejšu strukturu sylab. do ⇒ p / o re ⇒ k / e mi ⇒ m / i fa ⇒ f / a sol ⇒ s / u la ⇒ l / au ti ⇒ t / ai Na ovaj način, można pisati ili izgovarati slova taki jako to: : sol-sol-re-do ⇒ suko (cvcv) – migrena Zato što se množina i ženske forme slov u Solresolu označavaju naglaskom ili dužinom glasov, ses koristi ''pau'' (nektory) ili ''fai'' (mnogo) za označavanje množiny, i ''mu'' (dobro) za označavanje ženskogo roda kogda je potrebno. == Kodiranje == Zahtev za [[ISO 639-3]] jezykovy kod, privremeno predloženy jako {{Code|sud}}, był upućen [[SIL Global|SIL-u]] 28 avgusta 2017,<ref name="sil_change">{{Cite web|author=SIL International|author-link=SIL Global|date=2017-08-28|title=ISO 639-3 Registration Authority Request for Change No. 2017-032|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032.pdf|website=ISO 639-3|publication-place=[[Dallas]]|format=PDF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605171450if_/https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032.pdf|archive-date=2019-06-05|archive-format=PDF|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="sil_new">{{Cite web|author=SIL International|author-link=SIL Global|date=2017-08-28|title=Request for New Language Code Element in ISO 639-3: [sud]|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032_sud.pdf|website=ISO 639-3|publication-place=[[Dallas]]|format=PDF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605171450if_/https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032_sud.pdf|archive-date=2019-06-05|archive-format=PDF|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="sidosi_request">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|date=2017-07-28|title=The Road to ISO 639-3|url=https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=310|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230829154231if_/https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=310|archive-date=2023-08-29|access-date=2018-10-22|df=mdy-all}}</ref> ale był odrinuły 23 janvara 2018.<ref name="sil_rejection">{{Cite web|author=SIL International|author-link=SIL Global|date=2018-01-23|title=Comments received for ISO 639-3 Change Request 2017-032|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/CR_Comments_2017-032.pdf|website=ISO 639-3|publication-place=[[Dallas]]|format=PDF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605171452if_/https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/CR_Comments_2017-032.pdf|archive-date=2019-06-05|archive-format=PDF|page=2|access-date=2019-09-27|df=mdy-all|quote=Zahtev za stvorenje koda [sud] za Solresol je odrinuły.}}</ref><ref name="sidosi_rejection">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|date=2018-02-01|title=Beyond ISO 639-3 (for now)|url=https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=350|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230829153926if_/https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=350|archive-date=2023-08-29|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Solresol je dobil kody {{Code|qso}} i {{Code|art-x-solresol}} v [[Codes for constructed languages|ConLang Code Registry]].<ref name="clcr">{{Cite web|last=Bettencourt|first=Rebecca G.|date=2015-01-08|title=ConLang Code Registry|url=https://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/|website=Kreative Korporation|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221127152005if_/http://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/|archive-date=2022-11-27|access-date=2021-04-06|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Sedm osnovnyh symbolov bylo predloženo za registraciju v [[ConScript Unicode Registry]].<ref name="csur">{{Cite web|last=Everson|first=Michael|author-link=Michael Everson|date=1997-01-21|title=Solresol: U+E770–U+E77F|url=https://www.evertype.com/standards/csur/solresol.html|website=ConScript Unicode Registry|publisher=Evertype|publication-place=[[Lecanvey]], [[Ireland]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417191120if_/https://www.evertype.com/standards/csur/solresol.html|archive-date=2021-04-17|access-date=2021-04-06|df=mdy-all}}</ref> == Priměrne teksty == ; Članok 1 ''[[Universalna deklaracija prav člověka|Universalnoj deklaracija prav člověka]]'' na medžuslovjanskom : ''Vsi ljudi rodet se svobodnymi i ravnymi v svojem dostojenstvu i pravah. Oni sut obdarjene razumom i svědomjem i muset postupati v odnošenju jedin k drugomu v duhu bratstva.'' ; Prěvod na Solresol : Siré misolredo faremi doredore domisimi re misóla, solfalafá dósila re réfasi. Dófa faremi remila fare dômilafa re dôfasifa, re fafa fasolfa midolǎ fare dômisola lasi sîmisila. ; Predstavjeno koristajuči ''ses'' Solresol : Sé muro fem pepe omúm e múl, salá ósau e éfai. Óf fem ril fe ômauf e ôfaif, e fa fuf ipǎu fe ômul lai âimail. == Gledite takože == * [[muzikalny jezyk]] * [[solfedžio]] * [[Tonic sol-fa]] * [[Voyage to Faremido]] * [[Ro jezyk]] ==Iztočniky== {{Iztočniky}} == Čitati dalje == * {{Cite book|last=Sudre|first=François|year=1866|title=Langue Musicale Universelle|url=http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/ladosol.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070831060525if_/http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/ladosol.html|archive-date=2007-08-31|publication-place=Paris|language=fr}} – HTML verzija celogo teksta Sudreovogo toma iz 1866, s originalnym [https://web.archive.org/web/20070831061613if_/http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/lrls_sosfs.html slovnikom] i [https://web.archive.org/web/20080310234035/http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/solrelaF.html frazeologijom] (v francozskom). * {{Cite book|last1=Couturat|first1=Louis|last2=Leau|first2=Léopold|year=1903|title=Histoire de la Langue Universelle|url=https://archive.org/details/histoiredelalang00coutuoft|publisher=Librairie Hachette|publication-place=[[Paris]]|language=fr|access-date=2025-11-28|df=mdy-all}} * {{Cite book|last=Eco|first=Umberto|author-link=Umberto Eco|date=1997-04-08|title=The Search for the Perfect Language|url=https://archive.org/details/searchforperfect00ecou|publisher=[[Wiley-Blackwell]]|publication-place=[[Cambridge, Massachusetts|Cambridge, Mass.]]|edition=1|series=The Making of Europe|isbn=978-0-631-20510-4|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}} ==Vněšnje linky== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20191115021254if_/https://www.omniglot.com/writing/solresol.htm Solresol jezyk i stenografično pismo] na Omniglot, online enciklopediji sistemov pisanja i jezykov * Anglijsko-Solresol slovniky od [https://web.archive.org/web/20250121193252if_/http://www.datapacrat.com/True/LANG/SOLRESOL/DICTIONA.HTM Jasona Hutchensa] (6 julija 1998) i [https://web.archive.org/web/20100923132246if_/http://www.ifost.org.au/~gregb/solresol/sorsolex.htm Stephena L. Ricea] (19 novembra 1997) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20231130083816if_/http://sharyphil.com/root/solresol-the-project/ SolReSol: Projekt v0.95] od Phila Sharyja, open source Solresol–anglijsky i anglijsky–Solresol překladateľsky program za Windows (32- i 64-bitny) s live MIDI podporom (24 februara 2015) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20250818235352if_/https://wiki.xxiivv.com/site/solresol.html Moderny Simetričny Solresol] od Davida Mondou-Labbého (28 septembra 2023) * [https://eliseduv.dev/solresol/ Překladač Anglijsky↔Solresol] {{Umětne jezyky}} [[Kategorija:1827 introdukcije]] [[Kategorija:Analitične jezyky]] [[Kategorija:Konstruovane jezyky]] [[Kategorija:Medžunarodne pomočne jezyky]] [[Kategorija:jezyky potvrđene od 1820-tyh]] [[Kategorija:muzikalne jezyky]] n33gi54h08exm0t9tyf4qnoyzr1j8pq 45653 45652 2026-08-13T09:59:32Z Ilja isv 10 45653 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kartka jezyk | name = Solresol | nativename = <center>''[[solfedžio]]'': Sol-Re-Sol</center> | image = Solresol-langage.svg | created = 1827 | creator = [[François Sudre|{{-|François Sudre|Франсуа Судр}}]] | fam1 = [[umětne jezyky]] | fam2 = [[Pomočny jezyk]], [[Umětne jezyky#A priori|a priori]] | fam3 = [[muzikalny jezyk]] | posteriori = [[Umětne jezyky#A priori|a priori]] | script = pismo Solresol ; [[solfedžio]]; [[noty]]; [[barvy spektra]] | sign = Podpisana notacija; [[tonic sol-fa]] znaky od [[John Curwen]] | iso3 = qso | iso3comment = [https://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/ (lokalno koristane)] | glotto = none | ietf = [https://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/ art-x-solresol] }} '''Solresol''' ([[solfedžio]]: [[G (muzikalna nota)|Sol]]-[[D (muzikalna nota)|Re]]-[[G (muzikalna nota)|Sol]]), prvonačelno nazyvany {{Lang|fr|Langue universelle}} (bukv. 'Universalny jezyk') a potom {{Lang|fr|Langue musicale universelle}} ('Universalny muzikalny jezyk'), je [[muzikalny jezyk|muzikalny]] [[umětny jezyk]] stvorjeny od francozskogo učiteľa musiky i kompozitora [[François Sudre|Jean-Françoisa Sudrea]] (1787–1862), počinajući v 1817. Njegova kniga definujuća to, {{Lang|fr|Langue Musicale Universelle}}, była publikovana posmrtno v 1866,<ref name="lmu1866">{{Cite book|last=Sudre|first=François|year=1866|title=Langue Musicale Universelle|url=https://www.ifost.org.au/~gregb/solresol/sudre-book.pdf|format=PDF|url-status=live|publication-place=[[Paris]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320142510if_/http://www.ifost.org.au/~gregb/solresol/sudre-book.pdf|archive-date=2012-03-20|archive-format=PDF|language=fr|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> iako je on već několik godin publiciral to. Solresol doživil kratky čas popularnosti v drugej polovici 19. stolěća i był sponzorovan od takyh osob jako [[Victor Hugo]], [[Alphonse de Lamartine]], [[Alexander von Humboldt]] i [[Napoleon III]],<ref name="pei">{{Cite book|last=Pei|first=Mario|author-link=Mario Pei|year=1969|title=Wanted: A World Language|type=Pamphlet|series=Public Affairs|volume=434|pages=11–12|publisher=Public Affairs Committee|publication-place=[[New York City]]|url=http://www.autodidactproject.org/other/pei_worldlg.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180125230417if_/http://www.autodidactproject.org/other/pei_worldlg.html|archive-date=2018-01-25|access-date=2025-11-28|df=mdy-all}}</ref> kulminujući s publikacijom [[Boleslas Gajewski|Boleslasa Gajewskogo]] {{Lang|fr|Grammaire du Solresol}} v 1902. Dnes, postoje male komunity entuzijastov Solresola rozsypane po cělem světě.<ref name="sidosi">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|title=Sidosi Home|url=https://www.sidosi.org/|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004090845if_/https://www.sidosi.org/|archive-date=2023-10-04|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> == Evolucija == Postoji několik verzij Solresola, každá s malymi razlikami. Tri glavne varijacije ktore su ješte v oběgu—Sudre, Gajewski i "Modern"—razlikuju se pretežno v različnyh elementah slovnika, a složaju se pretežno o gramatike. Sudre je stvoril jezyk, i tako njegova verzija zaslužuje nazv byti originalnom verzijom Solresola. Vincent Gajewski, parizsky profesor, popularizoval jezyk jako predsednik Centralnogo Komiteta za Studium i Napredovanje Solresola, ktory był osnovan v 1869 od Sudreove udovy, Joséphine, da bi dalje promoviral njegovo dělo. Boleslas Gajewski, Vincentov syn i sam profesor, formalizoval gramatiku i napisal definitivno dělo o jezyka: {{Lang|fr|Grammaire du Solrésol}} (Gramatika Solresola).<ref name="grammar_eng">{{Cite web|last1=Gajewski|first1=Boleslas|last2=Rice|first2=Stephen L.|date=1997-11-19|orig-date=printed 1902 as {{-|Grammaire du Solrésol}}, translated 1997|title=Grammar of Solresol, or the Universal Language of François Sudre | url = http://www.ptialaska.net/~srice/solresol/sorsoeng.htm | website = Stephen L. Rice: The Solresol Page | url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070413035441if_/http://www.ptialaska.net/~srice/solresol/sorsoeng.htm|archive-date=2007-04-13|access-date=2019-09-29| ref = {{sfnref|Gramatika|2005}}}}</ref><ref name="grammar_pdf">{{Cite web|last=Gajewski|first=Boleslas|editor-last1=Rice|editor-first1=Stephen L.|editor-last2=Bigham|editor-first2=Doug|year=2005|orig-date=printed 1902 as {{-|Grammaire du Solrésol}}, translated 1997 (Rice), revised 2005 (Bigham)|title=Grammar of Solresol, or the Universal Language of François Sudre|url=https://i.sidosi.org/resources/grammar-of-solresol-bigham/grammar-of-solresol-bigham.pdf|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217001045if_/https://i.sidosi.org/resources/grammar-of-solresol-bigham/grammar-of-solresol-bigham.pdf|archive-date=2019-12-17|access-date=2019-12-16}}</ref> To je najviše publicirana verzija Solresola, zahvaljujući překladu na anglijsky od Stephena L. Ricea iz 1997,<ref name="grammar_pdf"/><ref name="grammar_eng"/> s znatnom količinom slovnika izměnjenogo od originala, kao i něktore gramatike. Jedny priměr je slovo ''fasol'', definovano kao "tutaj" v Sudreovom slovniku, ale "začto?" v Gajewskom. Tretja je neoficijalna verzija razvijana vremenom od komunity, nazvana "Moderny Solresol". Ona koristi Sudreovu verziju kao bazu, s prilagodbami gramatike i slovnika, takimi jako izměna definicij ''sisol'' i ''sila'' od značenja "Gospodin" i "Mlady muž" na sistem [[honorifik|honorifikov]] inspiriran onym koristanym v japonščině; oba su rodno-neutralne titule, jedna za byti poštivy, a druga za byti ljubazny.<ref name="Modern Solresol Dictionary">{{Cite web|last1=Osteen|first1=Garrison|last2=Walters|first2=Scott|last3=Parson|first3=Daniel|last4=Fernandez|first4=Tobias|date=2018-03-12|title=Solresol Dictionary Modernised|url=https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/182okssrHseIggjHGlzWyFH81-o8y8EsvQtJfPJYu6r8/edit|format=XLSX|website=Google Sheets|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250829164017if_/https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/182okssrHseIggjHGlzWyFH81-o8y8EsvQtJfPJYu6r8/edit|archive-date=2025-08-29|archive-format=XLSX|access-date=2019-12-22|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Gajewskogo publikacija donesla razne dodatky ktore ne konfliktu s originalnom verzijom jezyka, taki jako razne nove metody komunikacije,{{sfn|Gramatika|2005|p=16}} vključujući: skup symbolov koristane sedmih barv duhy, i koristane [[tonic sol-fa]] za signiranje jezyka ==Fonologija== [[File:Solresol.svg|thumb|right|Sedm konvencionalnyh not, barv, sylab, čisel i glifov koristanyh za prenos fonemov Solresola]] Solresol może być komunikovany koristajući sedm različnyh predmetov, s maksimumom pet na slovo. Statistički, ty kombinacije daju sedm jedno-sylabnyh slov, 49 dvuh-sylabnyh, 336 tri-sylabnyh, 2.268 četyr-sylabnyh i 9.072 pet-sylabnyh, za ukupno 11.732 mogućih primarnyh slov.<ref name="pei" /> Glavna metoda komunikacije je koristane sedmih [[solfedžio]] sylab (forma [[solmizacija|solmizacije]]), ktore mogu byti akcentovane, prodloužene ili ponovljene. Najprostši način koristati ty sylaby je govoriti ih jako by one byly regularne [[sylaba|sylaby]]. {{Trěba iztočnik|Zbog togo že predchádza [[Medžunarodny fonetičny alfabet|MFA]], ne postoje posebna pravila izgovora izvan standardnyh čitanj solfège. Zbog togo že vsaka sylaba je dovoljno odlična, mogu byti izgovorjene skoro vsakym sposobom, ktory čitatej preferuje.}} Sudre je izložil način transkripcije fonetiky francozskogo (i tako mnogih drugih jezykov) do Solresola, primarno koristany za vlastne imenice.{{r|lmu1866|p=32}} Koristajući občne izgovory kako su dane od strane [[Vikislovnik|Vikislovnika]], je moguće rekonstruovati tabulu glasov koristajući modernu MFA. Zbog malog broja sylab, je potrebno ostaviti kratku pauzu medźu slovami tako da vsako slovo ostane jasno odvojeno. Kako je primetil Boleslas Gajewski: "člověk bi měl věnovati veliku pozornost pauzi po vsakom slovu; ta mala pauza je potrebna za odvajanje slov, tako da slušatelj ne bude zbunjen".{{R|grammar_eng|p=Reversed meanings}} ===Slovnik=== V Solresol [[morfologija (lingvistika)|morfologiji]], vsako slovo je poděleno na kategorije ili značenja ili funkcije, gdźe duža slova su občno specifičnjejša. Slova se razlikuju po treh glavnyh karakteristikah: početnoj sylabě, dužině slova, i tomu da li ima par ponovljenih sylab. Slova koja su jedna i dve sylaby duge su koristana za [[Zaimennik|zaimenniky]] i občne [[Gramatična čestica|čestice]], a ty s ponovljenimi sylabami su [[Gramatično vreme|vremena]]. Slova koja su jednu sylabu duga su posvećena slovima ktora su često koristana (v času stvorenja Solresola). Ty ktore uključuju ponavljajuće sylaby su rezervovane za "čisla, měsece goda, dni neděle i temperatury [pogodne uslove]", na pr. redodo "jedny", remimi "dva" (po Gajewskom). Slova koja su četyri sylaby duga spadaju v razne tematske kategorije. Na pr., slova počinjuća s 'sol', koja ne uključuju ponovljene sylaby, imaju značenja vezana za umetnosti ili nauky (na pr. soldoredo, "umetnost"; solmiredo, "akustika").{{r|lmu1866|p=22.V}} Však, ako slova koja su četyri sylaby duga imaju par ponovljenih sylab, njihova značenja se odnose na bolesti ili medicinu (na pr. solsolredo, "migrena"; solreresol, "ospice").{{r|lmu1866|p=23.VI}} Točnjejše, klase bez ponovljenih sylab su: ''do'': člověk, njegovo tělo i duh, intelektualne sposobnosti, kvalitete i hrana; ''re'': odeća, dom, domaćinstvo i porodica; ''mi'': činjenja človeka i njegove mane; ''fa'': selo, putovanja, vojna, more; ''sol'': lepe umetnosti i nauky; ''la'': industrija i trgovina; ''si'': město, vlada i administracija. S ponovljenimi sylabami, iste sylaby daju: ''do'': religija; ''re'': konstrukcija i razne obrti; ''mi'': predlogi, prislovne fraze i izolovane prislovy; ''fa'': bolesti; ''sol'': bolesti (nast.); ''la'': industrija i trgovina (jako u tipu bez ponavljanja); ''si'': pravda, magistratura i sudovi. Konačno, kombinacije pet sylab označavaju životinje, rośliny i minerale. Po defaultu, vse žive imenice i zaimenniky podrazuměvaju da su mužskogo roda. Za razlikovanje ženskogo roda, bar, [[pomišljaj|pomišljaj]] ili [[makron (diakritika)|makron]] se dodaje na konačnu sylabu odgovarajućeg člena ili samogo slova. V govoru, to se označava ponavljanjem vokala sylaby, s [[glotalna stop|glotalnom stopom]] koja odvaja ponovljenu vokalu od ostatka slova.{{r|lmu1866|p=24}} Však, v modernyh překladah, zaimenniky se ne měnje v zavisnosti od [[Gramatičny rod|roda]]. Umesto toga, oni se prosto prevode na anglijsky kao neutralne zaimenniky; it i they. Jedna unikatna karakteristika Solresola je da značenja mogu byti obrnuta obrtanjem sylab v slovah. Na pr. ''fala'' znači dobro ili ukusno, a ''lafa'' znači zlo. Prekidi v logičkom poredu slov v vsakoj kategoriji su občno uzrokovani tymi obrtivymi slovami.{{r|lmu1866|p=31.XXI}} {| style="background: transparent; border: hidden;" | style="padding: 0 2em;" | {| class="wikitable" | [[File:Solresol - misol.jpg|x88px]] | [[File:Solresol - solmi.jpg|x88px]] |- | style="text-align: center;" | '''misol''': "dobro" | style="text-align: center;" | '''solmi''': "zlo" |} | style="padding-left: 2em;" | {| class="wikitable" | [[File:Solresol - domisol.jpg|x88px]] | [[File:Solresol - solmido.jpg|x88px]] |- | style="text-align: center;" | '''domisol''': "[[Bog]]" | style="text-align: center;" | '''solmido''': "[[Djavol]]" |} |} Však, ne vsa slova su obrtiva v tom smyslu, taki jako ''dorefare'' znači vrat, a ''refaredo'' znači garderoba, ktore očigledno nisu suprotnosti. Slědujuća tabula pokazuje slova do dvuh sylab iz Gajewskogo slovnika: {| class="wikitable" ! {{Diagonal split header|style=height: 3em; width: 7em|1. syl.|2. syl.}} ! ''Nijedna'' ! style="background-color: #f69;" | -do ! style="background-color: #f96;" | -re ! style="background-color: #ff9;" | -mi ! style="background-color: #9f6;" | -fa ! style="background-color: #9ff;" | -sol ! style="background-color: #96f;" | -la ! style="background-color: #f9f;" | -si/-ti |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #f69;" | Do- | style="background-color: #f69;" | ne, ni, niti | style="background-color: #f69;" | (prošlo) | ja, mene || ty [sg] || on || se, sebe || jedny, někto || drugy |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #f96;" | Re- | style="background-color: #f96;" | i, tak jako | moj, moje | style="background-color: #f96;" | (pluperfekt) | tvoj, tvoje [sg] || njegov || naš, naše || vaš, vaše [pl] || njihov |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #ff9;" | Mi- | style="background-color: #ff9;" | ili, ili čak | za, da bi/da || ktory, koja (odnos. zaim.), že (veznik) | style="background-color: #ff9;" | (buduće) | čij, čija || dobro (prisl.) || tutaj je/tu je, gle || dobar večer/noć |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #9f6;" | Fa- | style="background-color: #9f6;" | k, ka | što? || s, sa, zajedno || ovaj, ova, ovo | style="background-color: #9f6;" | (kond.) | začto, iz kog razloga || dobro, ukusno, slasno || mnogo, velmi, krajno |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #9ff;" | Sol- | style="background-color: #9ff;" | ako | ale || v, unutra || zlo, loše (prisl.) || zato, jer | style="background-color: #9ff;" | (imperativ) | věčno, vsegda, bez konca || hvala, hvaly |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #96f;" | <span style="color: #000;">La-</span> | style="background-color: #96f;" | <span style="color: #000;">ty (člen)</span> | ničto, nikto, nijedny || od, po || tutaj, tam || zlo, loše || nikogda, nikad | style="background-color: #96f;" | <span style="color: #000;">(prezentni participij)</span> || od, iz |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #f9f;"| Si-/Ti- | style="background-color: #f9f;" | da, dobro, rado, složeno | isto (stvar) | vsaky, každy | dobro jutro/popoldne | malo, jedva |gospodin, pan |mlady muž, neženja | style="background-color: #f9f;" | <span style="color: #000;">(pasivny participij)</span> |} Određeny člen ima razne forme za [[Nominativ|nominativny]], [[Genitiv|genitivny]] i [[Dativ|dativny]] padež, ili, v anglijskom, za "the", "to the" i "of the": 'la', 'fa' i 'lasi', po redu.{{r|lmu1866|p=23-24.VII-VIII}} ==Gramatika== Osim naglaska i dužiny, slova Solresola se ne inflektuju. Da bi rečenice ostale jasne, posebno s mogućnošću gubitka informacij pri komunikaciji, odredjene časti řeči sleduju strog slovored. :Prěvjesniki vsegda sleduju imenicu ktoru određuju. :Nepremni objekty vsegda dolaze poslě glagola.{{r|lmu1866|p=26.XII}} :Priměry dane v originalnoj dokumentaciji ukazuju na [[subjekt–glagol–objekt slovored|slovored subjekt–glagol–objekt]],{{R|lmu1866|p=29.XVII}} však, to ne bi mělo imati značenje dok rečenica ostaje prosta i jasna. :Vremena vsegda prethode glagolom.{{r|lmu1866|p=30.XIX}} Da bi se slovo stvorilo u množini, [[akút|akútny naglasak]] se dodaje iznad poslednje sylaby, ktory se v govoru izgovara produženjem poslednje bukvy te sylaby.{{r|lmu1866|p=24.IX}} Priměry kako označiti množinu mužskih i ženskih slov: :''resimire'' brat, ''resimirē/resimire-e'' sestra :''resimiré'' bracia, ''resimiréē/resimiré-e'' sestry To utiče samo na prvo slovo v [[imenična fraza|imeničnoj frazi]]. To jest, utiče samo na imenicu kada je imenica sama, jako iznad. Ako je slovo popraćeno gramatičkom česticom (la, fa ili lasi), čestica će nositi oznaku roda i/ili broja umesto toga: :''la resimire'' [ty] brat, ''lā/la-a resimire'' [ta] sestra :''lá resimire'' [ty] bracia, ''láā/lá-a resimire'' [ty] sestry Časti řeči (jako i specifičnjejše definicije za něktora slova) se izvode iz glagol postavljanjem [[cirkumfleks|cirkumfleksa]] iznad jedne od sylab v pisanju, i izgovaranjem te sylaby s [[Glossary of music terminology#R|rinforzando]] (iznenadny naglasak ili [[Dynamics (music)#Gradual changes|crescendo]]). S naglaskom postavljenim na prvu sylabu, slovo postaje imenica. V četyri-sylabnyh slovah, naglašavanje druge sylaby stvara imenicu činitelja. [[Penult]]imna sylaba stvara prěvjesnik, a poslednja stvara prislov.{{r|lmu1866|p=25.XI}} Na pr., :''midofa'' preferovati, ''mîdofa'' preferencija, ''midôfa'' preferabilny, ''midofâ'' preferabilno :''resolmila'' nastaviti, ''rêsolmila'' nastavjenje, ''resôlmila'' jedny ktory nastavlja, ''resolmîla'' staly, ''resolmilâ'' stalno Na kompjuteryh koristajući rasporede klavijatur bez cirkumfleksa, sylaba może być napisana velikimi bukvami, ili [[caret]] postavljen medźu bukvy sylaby ili poslě sylaby. Zbog gramatike i slovoreda Solresola, razlikovanje častij řeči občno nije potrebno za razuměnje rečenice. Razne [[tense–aspect–mood|vremensko-načinske]] čestice su dvojne sylaby, kako je dato u slovniku iznad. Dodatno, po Gajewskom, pasivne glagoly se tvore s ''faremi'' medźu tom česticom i glagolom. Subjunktiv se tvori s ''mire'' pred zaimennikom. Negacija ''do'' se pojavljuje samo jednom v klauzi, pred slovom koje negira. Slovo ''fasi'' pred imenicom ili prěvjesnikom je [[augmentativ|augmentativno]]; poslě njega je [[Degrees of comparison of adjectives and adverbs|superlativ]]. ''Sifa'' je suprotnost ([[diminutiv|diminutivno]]):{{r|lmu1866|p=21.III}} :''fala'' dobro, ''fasi fala'' velmi dobro, ''fala fasi'' odlično, najbolje; ''sifa fala'' dobro (ali ne odlično), ''fala sifa'' ne velmi dobro (i slično s ''lafa'' zlo) :''sisire'' vjetar, ''fasi sisire'' oluja, ''sisire fasi'' ciklon; ''sifa sisire'' povjetarac, ''sisire sifa'' kretanje vazduha Pitanja Pitanja v Solresolu ne dobijaju mnogo pažnje u originalnoj dokumentaciji, niti imaju mnogo priměrov. Sudreova publikacija uključuje tri priměra upitnyh rečenic:{{r|lmu1866|p=127}} :Je vaše zdravlje dobro? – Redofafa? :Hoćete li ići na selo ove godine? – Fadoremi? :Hoćete li ići u pozorište večeras? – Soldoremi? Da bi se to stvorilo kao potvrdna izjava, dodaje se osobny zaimennik poslě: :Moje zdravlje je dobro. – Redofafa dore. :Ići ću na selo ove godine. – Fadoremi dore. :Ići ću u pozorište večeras. – Soldoremi dore. Gajewski umesto toga postavlja subjekt rečenice poslě glagola umesto pred glagolom, konstrukcija občna v evropskih jezycich. Nektery priměry su:{{R|grammar_eng|p=Interrogation and Negation}} :Jesam li? – Faremi dore? :Razumije li on? – Falafa dofa? :Učite li? – Sidosi domi? V vsih verzijah jezyka, postoje slova četyri sylaby duga, ponovljena "Mi" sekcija slovnika koja uključuje neka občna pitanja, taki jako:{{r|lmu1866|p=109.123}} :Miladodo? – Do kogo stepena/mjere? :Milarere? – Dobro? :Misirere? – Kto je to? ==Pismo Solresol== [[File:Solresol symbols.svg|thumb|Simboly Solresola]] Pismo koristano v Solresolu sastoji se od sedmih unikatnyh symbolov, vsaky predstavljajući jednu od sedmih "not". Na pr., "[[C (muzikalna nota)|Do]]" je krug, a "[[G (muzikalna nota)|Sol]]" je horizontalna linija. Slova Solresola se tvore povezivanjem symbolov v poredu kako se pojavljuju v slovu. Dvojne note se predstavljaju križanjem symbola. [[File:Solresol words.svg|thumb|Něktore osnovne slova Solresola]] Druge karakteristike Nepristrasny i relativno prosty Integrovane sistemy ([[znakovny jezyk|znakovny jezyk]], barvy, itd.) za većinu [[invaliditet|ometenj]], odmah operativne bez posebnogo učenja Brzo uspěšno učenje za nepismene (samo sedm sylab ili znakov ili deset bukv za znati i prepoznati) Vrlo prosty ali efektivny sistem za razlikovanje funkcij slov v rečenicah Koristajući [[tonic sol-fa]] sistem od [[John Curwen|Johna Curwena]], Solresol może też być [[znakovny jezyk|znakovano]]. Daljnji razvoj Drugi način koristania Solresola se naziva ''ses'', razvijen od [[C. George Boeree|C. Georgea Boereea]].<ref name="loan_words">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|title=Using loan words in Solresol|url=https://www.tumblr.com/sidosi/181390815161/using-loan-words-in-solresol|website=Tumblr|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251128152044if_/https://www.tumblr.com/sidosi/181390815161/using-loan-words-in-solresol|archive-date=2025-11-28|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Koristajući to, note dobijaju reprezentativne konsonante i vokale (ili diftongy). Najprostša slova koriste samo vokalu, dok vsa druga koriste složenjejšu strukturu sylab. do ⇒ p / o re ⇒ k / e mi ⇒ m / i fa ⇒ f / a sol ⇒ s / u la ⇒ l / au ti ⇒ t / ai Na ovaj način, można pisati ili izgovarati slova taki jako to: : sol-sol-re-do ⇒ suko (cvcv) – migrena Zato što se množina i ženske forme slov u Solresolu označavaju naglaskom ili dužinom glasov, ses koristi ''pau'' (nektory) ili ''fai'' (mnogo) za označavanje množiny, i ''mu'' (dobro) za označavanje ženskogo roda kogda je potrebno. == Kodiranje == Zahtev za [[ISO 639-3]] jezykovy kod, privremeno predloženy jako {{Code|sud}}, był upućen [[SIL Global|SIL-u]] 28 avgusta 2017,<ref name="sil_change">{{Cite web|author=SIL International|author-link=SIL Global|date=2017-08-28|title=ISO 639-3 Registration Authority Request for Change No. 2017-032|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032.pdf|website=ISO 639-3|publication-place=[[Dallas]]|format=PDF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605171450if_/https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032.pdf|archive-date=2019-06-05|archive-format=PDF|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="sil_new">{{Cite web|author=SIL International|author-link=SIL Global|date=2017-08-28|title=Request for New Language Code Element in ISO 639-3: [sud]|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032_sud.pdf|website=ISO 639-3|publication-place=[[Dallas]]|format=PDF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605171450if_/https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032_sud.pdf|archive-date=2019-06-05|archive-format=PDF|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="sidosi_request">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|date=2017-07-28|title=The Road to ISO 639-3|url=https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=310|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230829154231if_/https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=310|archive-date=2023-08-29|access-date=2018-10-22|df=mdy-all}}</ref> ale był odrinuły 23 janvara 2018.<ref name="sil_rejection">{{Cite web|author=SIL International|author-link=SIL Global|date=2018-01-23|title=Comments received for ISO 639-3 Change Request 2017-032|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/CR_Comments_2017-032.pdf|website=ISO 639-3|publication-place=[[Dallas]]|format=PDF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605171452if_/https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/CR_Comments_2017-032.pdf|archive-date=2019-06-05|archive-format=PDF|page=2|access-date=2019-09-27|df=mdy-all|quote=Zahtev za stvorenje koda [sud] za Solresol je odrinuły.}}</ref><ref name="sidosi_rejection">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|date=2018-02-01|title=Beyond ISO 639-3 (for now)|url=https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=350|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230829153926if_/https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=350|archive-date=2023-08-29|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Solresol je dobil kody {{Code|qso}} i {{Code|art-x-solresol}} v [[Codes for constructed languages|ConLang Code Registry]].<ref name="clcr">{{Cite web|last=Bettencourt|first=Rebecca G.|date=2015-01-08|title=ConLang Code Registry|url=https://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/|website=Kreative Korporation|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221127152005if_/http://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/|archive-date=2022-11-27|access-date=2021-04-06|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Sedm osnovnyh symbolov bylo predloženo za registraciju v [[ConScript Unicode Registry]].<ref name="csur">{{Cite web|last=Everson|first=Michael|author-link=Michael Everson|date=1997-01-21|title=Solresol: U+E770–U+E77F|url=https://www.evertype.com/standards/csur/solresol.html|website=ConScript Unicode Registry|publisher=Evertype|publication-place=[[Lecanvey]], [[Ireland]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417191120if_/https://www.evertype.com/standards/csur/solresol.html|archive-date=2021-04-17|access-date=2021-04-06|df=mdy-all}}</ref> == Priměrne teksty == ; Članok 1 ''[[Universalna deklaracija prav člověka|Universalnoj deklaracija prav člověka]]'' na medžuslovjanskom : ''Vsi ljudi rodet se svobodnymi i ravnymi v svojem dostojenstvu i pravah. Oni sut obdarjene razumom i svědomjem i muset postupati v odnošenju jedin k drugomu v duhu bratstva.'' ; Prěvod na Solresol : Siré misolredo faremi doredore domisimi re misóla, solfalafá dósila re réfasi. Dófa faremi remila fare dômilafa re dôfasifa, re fafa fasolfa midolǎ fare dômisola lasi sîmisila. ; Predstavjeno koristajuči ''ses'' Solresol : Sé muro fem pepe omúm e múl, salá ósau e éfai. Óf fem ril fe ômauf e ôfaif, e fa fuf ipǎu fe ômul lai âimail. == Gledite takože == * [[muzikalny jezyk]] * [[solfedžio]] * [[Tonic sol-fa]] * [[Voyage to Faremido]] * [[Ro jezyk]] ==Iztočniky== {{Iztočniky}} == Čitati dalje == * {{Cite book|last=Sudre|first=François|year=1866|title=Langue Musicale Universelle|url=http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/ladosol.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070831060525if_/http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/ladosol.html|archive-date=2007-08-31|publication-place=Paris|language=fr}} – HTML verzija celogo teksta Sudreovogo toma iz 1866, s originalnym [https://web.archive.org/web/20070831061613if_/http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/lrls_sosfs.html slovnikom] i [https://web.archive.org/web/20080310234035/http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/solrelaF.html frazeologijom] (v francozskom). * {{Cite book|last1=Couturat|first1=Louis|last2=Leau|first2=Léopold|year=1903|title=Histoire de la Langue Universelle|url=https://archive.org/details/histoiredelalang00coutuoft|publisher=Librairie Hachette|publication-place=[[Paris]]|language=fr|access-date=2025-11-28|df=mdy-all}} * {{Cite book|last=Eco|first=Umberto|author-link=Umberto Eco|date=1997-04-08|title=The Search for the Perfect Language|url=https://archive.org/details/searchforperfect00ecou|publisher=[[Wiley-Blackwell]]|publication-place=[[Cambridge, Massachusetts|Cambridge, Mass.]]|edition=1|series=The Making of Europe|isbn=978-0-631-20510-4|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}} ==Vněšnje linky== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20191115021254if_/https://www.omniglot.com/writing/solresol.htm Solresol jezyk i stenografično pismo] na Omniglot, online enciklopediji sistemov pisanja i jezykov * Anglijsko-Solresol slovniky od [https://web.archive.org/web/20250121193252if_/http://www.datapacrat.com/True/LANG/SOLRESOL/DICTIONA.HTM Jasona Hutchensa] (6 julija 1998) i [https://web.archive.org/web/20100923132246if_/http://www.ifost.org.au/~gregb/solresol/sorsolex.htm Stephena L. Ricea] (19 novembra 1997) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20231130083816if_/http://sharyphil.com/root/solresol-the-project/ SolReSol: Projekt v0.95] od Phila Sharyja, open source Solresol–anglijsky i anglijsky–Solresol překladateľsky program za Windows (32- i 64-bitny) s live MIDI podporom (24 februara 2015) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20250818235352if_/https://wiki.xxiivv.com/site/solresol.html Moderny Simetričny Solresol] od Davida Mondou-Labbého (28 septembra 2023) * [https://eliseduv.dev/solresol/ Překladač Anglijsky↔Solresol] {{Umětne jezyky}} [[Kategorija:1827 introdukcije]] [[Kategorija:Analitične jezyky]] [[Kategorija:Konstruovane jezyky]] [[Kategorija:Medžunarodne pomočne jezyky]] [[Kategorija:jezyky potvrđene od 1820-tyh]] [[Kategorija:muzikalne jezyky]] 4gdt7zx439uj9in0ox9c1duaa6i4nub 45654 45653 2026-08-13T10:00:55Z Ilja isv 10 45654 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kartka jezyk | name = Solresol | nativename = <center>''[[solfedžio]]'': Sol-Re-Sol</center> | image = Solresol-langage.svg | created = 1827 | creator = [[François Sudre|{{-|François Sudre|Франсуа Судр}}]] | fam1 = [[umětne jezyky]] | fam2 = [[Pomočny jezyk]], [[Umětne jezyky#A priori|a priori]] | fam3 = [[muzikalny jezyk]] | posteriori = [[Umětne jezyky#A priori|a priori]] | script = pismo Solresol; [[solfedžio]]; [[noty]]; [[barvy spektra]] | sign = Podpisana notacija; [[tonic sol-fa]] znaky od [[John Curwen]] | iso3 = qso | iso3comment = [https://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/ (lokalno koristane)] | glotto = none | ietf = [https://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/ art-x-solresol] }} '''Solresol''' ([[solfedžio]]: [[G (muzikalna nota)|Sol]]-[[D (muzikalna nota)|Re]]-[[G (muzikalna nota)|Sol]]), prvonačelno nazyvany {{Lang|fr|Langue universelle}} (bukv. 'Universalny jezyk') a potom {{Lang|fr|Langue musicale universelle}} ('Universalny muzikalny jezyk'), je [[muzikalny jezyk|muzikalny]] [[umětny jezyk]] stvorjeny od francozskogo učiteľa musiky i kompozitora [[François Sudre|Jean-Françoisa Sudrea]] (1787–1862), počinajući v 1817. Njegova kniga definujuća to, {{Lang|fr|Langue Musicale Universelle}}, była publikovana posmrtno v 1866,<ref name="lmu1866">{{Cite book|last=Sudre|first=François|year=1866|title=Langue Musicale Universelle|url=https://www.ifost.org.au/~gregb/solresol/sudre-book.pdf|format=PDF|url-status=live|publication-place=[[Paris]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320142510if_/http://www.ifost.org.au/~gregb/solresol/sudre-book.pdf|archive-date=2012-03-20|archive-format=PDF|language=fr|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> iako je on već několik godin publiciral to. Solresol doživil kratky čas popularnosti v drugej polovici 19. stolěća i był sponzorovan od takyh osob jako [[Victor Hugo]], [[Alphonse de Lamartine]], [[Alexander von Humboldt]] i [[Napoleon III]],<ref name="pei">{{Cite book|last=Pei|first=Mario|author-link=Mario Pei|year=1969|title=Wanted: A World Language|type=Pamphlet|series=Public Affairs|volume=434|pages=11–12|publisher=Public Affairs Committee|publication-place=[[New York City]]|url=http://www.autodidactproject.org/other/pei_worldlg.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180125230417if_/http://www.autodidactproject.org/other/pei_worldlg.html|archive-date=2018-01-25|access-date=2025-11-28|df=mdy-all}}</ref> kulminujući s publikacijom [[Boleslas Gajewski|Boleslasa Gajewskogo]] {{Lang|fr|Grammaire du Solresol}} v 1902. Dnes, postoje male komunity entuzijastov Solresola rozsypane po cělem světě.<ref name="sidosi">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|title=Sidosi Home|url=https://www.sidosi.org/|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004090845if_/https://www.sidosi.org/|archive-date=2023-10-04|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> == Evolucija == Postoji několik verzij Solresola, každá s malymi razlikami. Tri glavne varijacije ktore su ješte v oběgu—Sudre, Gajewski i "Modern"—razlikuju se pretežno v različnyh elementah slovnika, a složaju se pretežno o gramatike. Sudre je stvoril jezyk, i tako njegova verzija zaslužuje nazv byti originalnom verzijom Solresola. Vincent Gajewski, parizsky profesor, popularizoval jezyk jako predsednik Centralnogo Komiteta za Studium i Napredovanje Solresola, ktory był osnovan v 1869 od Sudreove udovy, Joséphine, da bi dalje promoviral njegovo dělo. Boleslas Gajewski, Vincentov syn i sam profesor, formalizoval gramatiku i napisal definitivno dělo o jezyka: {{Lang|fr|Grammaire du Solrésol}} (Gramatika Solresola).<ref name="grammar_eng">{{Cite web|last1=Gajewski|first1=Boleslas|last2=Rice|first2=Stephen L.|date=1997-11-19|orig-date=printed 1902 as {{-|Grammaire du Solrésol}}, translated 1997|title=Grammar of Solresol, or the Universal Language of François Sudre | url = http://www.ptialaska.net/~srice/solresol/sorsoeng.htm | website = Stephen L. Rice: The Solresol Page | url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070413035441if_/http://www.ptialaska.net/~srice/solresol/sorsoeng.htm|archive-date=2007-04-13|access-date=2019-09-29| ref = {{sfnref|Gramatika|2005}}}}</ref><ref name="grammar_pdf">{{Cite web|last=Gajewski|first=Boleslas|editor-last1=Rice|editor-first1=Stephen L.|editor-last2=Bigham|editor-first2=Doug|year=2005|orig-date=printed 1902 as {{-|Grammaire du Solrésol}}, translated 1997 (Rice), revised 2005 (Bigham)|title=Grammar of Solresol, or the Universal Language of François Sudre|url=https://i.sidosi.org/resources/grammar-of-solresol-bigham/grammar-of-solresol-bigham.pdf|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217001045if_/https://i.sidosi.org/resources/grammar-of-solresol-bigham/grammar-of-solresol-bigham.pdf|archive-date=2019-12-17|access-date=2019-12-16}}</ref> To je najviše publicirana verzija Solresola, zahvaljujući překladu na anglijsky od Stephena L. Ricea iz 1997,<ref name="grammar_pdf"/><ref name="grammar_eng"/> s znatnom količinom slovnika izměnjenogo od originala, kao i něktore gramatike. Jedny priměr je slovo ''fasol'', definovano kao "tutaj" v Sudreovom slovniku, ale "začto?" v Gajewskom. Tretja je neoficijalna verzija razvijana vremenom od komunity, nazvana "Moderny Solresol". Ona koristi Sudreovu verziju kao bazu, s prilagodbami gramatike i slovnika, takimi jako izměna definicij ''sisol'' i ''sila'' od značenja "Gospodin" i "Mlady muž" na sistem [[honorifik|honorifikov]] inspiriran onym koristanym v japonščině; oba su rodno-neutralne titule, jedna za byti poštivy, a druga za byti ljubazny.<ref name="Modern Solresol Dictionary">{{Cite web|last1=Osteen|first1=Garrison|last2=Walters|first2=Scott|last3=Parson|first3=Daniel|last4=Fernandez|first4=Tobias|date=2018-03-12|title=Solresol Dictionary Modernised|url=https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/182okssrHseIggjHGlzWyFH81-o8y8EsvQtJfPJYu6r8/edit|format=XLSX|website=Google Sheets|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250829164017if_/https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/182okssrHseIggjHGlzWyFH81-o8y8EsvQtJfPJYu6r8/edit|archive-date=2025-08-29|archive-format=XLSX|access-date=2019-12-22|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Gajewskogo publikacija donesla razne dodatky ktore ne konfliktu s originalnom verzijom jezyka, taki jako razne nove metody komunikacije,{{sfn|Gramatika|2005|p=16}} vključujući: skup symbolov koristane sedmih barv duhy, i koristane [[tonic sol-fa]] za signiranje jezyka ==Fonologija== [[File:Solresol.svg|thumb|right|Sedm konvencionalnyh not, barv, sylab, čisel i glifov koristanyh za prenos fonemov Solresola]] Solresol może być komunikovany koristajući sedm različnyh predmetov, s maksimumom pet na slovo. Statistički, ty kombinacije daju sedm jedno-sylabnyh slov, 49 dvuh-sylabnyh, 336 tri-sylabnyh, 2.268 četyr-sylabnyh i 9.072 pet-sylabnyh, za ukupno 11.732 mogućih primarnyh slov.<ref name="pei" /> Glavna metoda komunikacije je koristane sedmih [[solfedžio]] sylab (forma [[solmizacija|solmizacije]]), ktore mogu byti akcentovane, prodloužene ili ponovljene. Najprostši način koristati ty sylaby je govoriti ih jako by one byly regularne [[sylaba|sylaby]]. {{Trěba iztočnik|Zbog togo že predchádza [[Medžunarodny fonetičny alfabet|MFA]], ne postoje posebna pravila izgovora izvan standardnyh čitanj solfège. Zbog togo že vsaka sylaba je dovoljno odlična, mogu byti izgovorjene skoro vsakym sposobom, ktory čitatej preferuje.}} Sudre je izložil način transkripcije fonetiky francozskogo (i tako mnogih drugih jezykov) do Solresola, primarno koristany za vlastne imenice.{{r|lmu1866|p=32}} Koristajući občne izgovory kako su dane od strane [[Vikislovnik|Vikislovnika]], je moguće rekonstruovati tabulu glasov koristajući modernu MFA. Zbog malog broja sylab, je potrebno ostaviti kratku pauzu medźu slovami tako da vsako slovo ostane jasno odvojeno. Kako je primetil Boleslas Gajewski: "člověk bi měl věnovati veliku pozornost pauzi po vsakom slovu; ta mala pauza je potrebna za odvajanje slov, tako da slušatelj ne bude zbunjen".{{R|grammar_eng|p=Reversed meanings}} ===Slovnik=== V Solresol [[morfologija (lingvistika)|morfologiji]], vsako slovo je poděleno na kategorije ili značenja ili funkcije, gdźe duža slova su občno specifičnjejša. Slova se razlikuju po treh glavnyh karakteristikah: početnoj sylabě, dužině slova, i tomu da li ima par ponovljenih sylab. Slova koja su jedna i dve sylaby duge su koristana za [[Zaimennik|zaimenniky]] i občne [[Gramatična čestica|čestice]], a ty s ponovljenimi sylabami su [[Gramatično vreme|vremena]]. Slova koja su jednu sylabu duga su posvećena slovima ktora su često koristana (v času stvorenja Solresola). Ty ktore uključuju ponavljajuće sylaby su rezervovane za "čisla, měsece goda, dni neděle i temperatury [pogodne uslove]", na pr. redodo "jedny", remimi "dva" (po Gajewskom). Slova koja su četyri sylaby duga spadaju v razne tematske kategorije. Na pr., slova počinjuća s 'sol', koja ne uključuju ponovljene sylaby, imaju značenja vezana za umetnosti ili nauky (na pr. soldoredo, "umetnost"; solmiredo, "akustika").{{r|lmu1866|p=22.V}} Však, ako slova koja su četyri sylaby duga imaju par ponovljenih sylab, njihova značenja se odnose na bolesti ili medicinu (na pr. solsolredo, "migrena"; solreresol, "ospice").{{r|lmu1866|p=23.VI}} Točnjejše, klase bez ponovljenih sylab su: ''do'': člověk, njegovo tělo i duh, intelektualne sposobnosti, kvalitete i hrana; ''re'': odeća, dom, domaćinstvo i porodica; ''mi'': činjenja človeka i njegove mane; ''fa'': selo, putovanja, vojna, more; ''sol'': lepe umetnosti i nauky; ''la'': industrija i trgovina; ''si'': město, vlada i administracija. S ponovljenimi sylabami, iste sylaby daju: ''do'': religija; ''re'': konstrukcija i razne obrti; ''mi'': predlogi, prislovne fraze i izolovane prislovy; ''fa'': bolesti; ''sol'': bolesti (nast.); ''la'': industrija i trgovina (jako u tipu bez ponavljanja); ''si'': pravda, magistratura i sudovi. Konačno, kombinacije pet sylab označavaju životinje, rośliny i minerale. Po defaultu, vse žive imenice i zaimenniky podrazuměvaju da su mužskogo roda. Za razlikovanje ženskogo roda, bar, [[pomišljaj|pomišljaj]] ili [[makron (diakritika)|makron]] se dodaje na konačnu sylabu odgovarajućeg člena ili samogo slova. V govoru, to se označava ponavljanjem vokala sylaby, s [[glotalna stop|glotalnom stopom]] koja odvaja ponovljenu vokalu od ostatka slova.{{r|lmu1866|p=24}} Však, v modernyh překladah, zaimenniky se ne měnje v zavisnosti od [[Gramatičny rod|roda]]. Umesto toga, oni se prosto prevode na anglijsky kao neutralne zaimenniky; it i they. Jedna unikatna karakteristika Solresola je da značenja mogu byti obrnuta obrtanjem sylab v slovah. Na pr. ''fala'' znači dobro ili ukusno, a ''lafa'' znači zlo. Prekidi v logičkom poredu slov v vsakoj kategoriji su občno uzrokovani tymi obrtivymi slovami.{{r|lmu1866|p=31.XXI}} {| style="background: transparent; border: hidden;" | style="padding: 0 2em;" | {| class="wikitable" | [[File:Solresol - misol.jpg|x88px]] | [[File:Solresol - solmi.jpg|x88px]] |- | style="text-align: center;" | '''misol''': "dobro" | style="text-align: center;" | '''solmi''': "zlo" |} | style="padding-left: 2em;" | {| class="wikitable" | [[File:Solresol - domisol.jpg|x88px]] | [[File:Solresol - solmido.jpg|x88px]] |- | style="text-align: center;" | '''domisol''': "[[Bog]]" | style="text-align: center;" | '''solmido''': "[[Djavol]]" |} |} Však, ne vsa slova su obrtiva v tom smyslu, taki jako ''dorefare'' znači vrat, a ''refaredo'' znači garderoba, ktore očigledno nisu suprotnosti. Slědujuća tabula pokazuje slova do dvuh sylab iz Gajewskogo slovnika: {| class="wikitable" ! {{Diagonal split header|style=height: 3em; width: 7em|1. syl.|2. syl.}} ! ''Nijedna'' ! style="background-color: #f69;" | -do ! style="background-color: #f96;" | -re ! style="background-color: #ff9;" | -mi ! style="background-color: #9f6;" | -fa ! style="background-color: #9ff;" | -sol ! style="background-color: #96f;" | -la ! style="background-color: #f9f;" | -si/-ti |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #f69;" | Do- | style="background-color: #f69;" | ne, ni, niti | style="background-color: #f69;" | (prošlo) | ja, mene || ty [sg] || on || se, sebe || jedny, někto || drugy |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #f96;" | Re- | style="background-color: #f96;" | i, tak jako | moj, moje | style="background-color: #f96;" | (pluperfekt) | tvoj, tvoje [sg] || njegov || naš, naše || vaš, vaše [pl] || njihov |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #ff9;" | Mi- | style="background-color: #ff9;" | ili, ili čak | za, da bi/da || ktory, koja (odnos. zaim.), že (veznik) | style="background-color: #ff9;" | (buduće) | čij, čija || dobro (prisl.) || tutaj je/tu je, gle || dobar večer/noć |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #9f6;" | Fa- | style="background-color: #9f6;" | k, ka | što? || s, sa, zajedno || ovaj, ova, ovo | style="background-color: #9f6;" | (kond.) | začto, iz kog razloga || dobro, ukusno, slasno || mnogo, velmi, krajno |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #9ff;" | Sol- | style="background-color: #9ff;" | ako | ale || v, unutra || zlo, loše (prisl.) || zato, jer | style="background-color: #9ff;" | (imperativ) | věčno, vsegda, bez konca || hvala, hvaly |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #96f;" | <span style="color: #000;">La-</span> | style="background-color: #96f;" | <span style="color: #000;">ty (člen)</span> | ničto, nikto, nijedny || od, po || tutaj, tam || zlo, loše || nikogda, nikad | style="background-color: #96f;" | <span style="color: #000;">(prezentni participij)</span> || od, iz |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #f9f;"| Si-/Ti- | style="background-color: #f9f;" | da, dobro, rado, složeno | isto (stvar) | vsaky, každy | dobro jutro/popoldne | malo, jedva |gospodin, pan |mlady muž, neženja | style="background-color: #f9f;" | <span style="color: #000;">(pasivny participij)</span> |} Određeny člen ima razne forme za [[Nominativ|nominativny]], [[Genitiv|genitivny]] i [[Dativ|dativny]] padež, ili, v anglijskom, za "the", "to the" i "of the": 'la', 'fa' i 'lasi', po redu.{{r|lmu1866|p=23-24.VII-VIII}} ==Gramatika== Osim naglaska i dužiny, slova Solresola se ne inflektuju. Da bi rečenice ostale jasne, posebno s mogućnošću gubitka informacij pri komunikaciji, odredjene časti řeči sleduju strog slovored. :Prěvjesniki vsegda sleduju imenicu ktoru određuju. :Nepremni objekty vsegda dolaze poslě glagola.{{r|lmu1866|p=26.XII}} :Priměry dane v originalnoj dokumentaciji ukazuju na [[subjekt–glagol–objekt slovored|slovored subjekt–glagol–objekt]],{{R|lmu1866|p=29.XVII}} však, to ne bi mělo imati značenje dok rečenica ostaje prosta i jasna. :Vremena vsegda prethode glagolom.{{r|lmu1866|p=30.XIX}} Da bi se slovo stvorilo u množini, [[akút|akútny naglasak]] se dodaje iznad poslednje sylaby, ktory se v govoru izgovara produženjem poslednje bukvy te sylaby.{{r|lmu1866|p=24.IX}} Priměry kako označiti množinu mužskih i ženskih slov: :''resimire'' brat, ''resimirē/resimire-e'' sestra :''resimiré'' bracia, ''resimiréē/resimiré-e'' sestry To utiče samo na prvo slovo v [[imenična fraza|imeničnoj frazi]]. To jest, utiče samo na imenicu kada je imenica sama, jako iznad. Ako je slovo popraćeno gramatičkom česticom (la, fa ili lasi), čestica će nositi oznaku roda i/ili broja umesto toga: :''la resimire'' [ty] brat, ''lā/la-a resimire'' [ta] sestra :''lá resimire'' [ty] bracia, ''láā/lá-a resimire'' [ty] sestry Časti řeči (jako i specifičnjejše definicije za něktora slova) se izvode iz glagol postavljanjem [[cirkumfleks|cirkumfleksa]] iznad jedne od sylab v pisanju, i izgovaranjem te sylaby s [[Glossary of music terminology#R|rinforzando]] (iznenadny naglasak ili [[Dynamics (music)#Gradual changes|crescendo]]). S naglaskom postavljenim na prvu sylabu, slovo postaje imenica. V četyri-sylabnyh slovah, naglašavanje druge sylaby stvara imenicu činitelja. [[Penult]]imna sylaba stvara prěvjesnik, a poslednja stvara prislov.{{r|lmu1866|p=25.XI}} Na pr., :''midofa'' preferovati, ''mîdofa'' preferencija, ''midôfa'' preferabilny, ''midofâ'' preferabilno :''resolmila'' nastaviti, ''rêsolmila'' nastavjenje, ''resôlmila'' jedny ktory nastavlja, ''resolmîla'' staly, ''resolmilâ'' stalno Na kompjuteryh koristajući rasporede klavijatur bez cirkumfleksa, sylaba może być napisana velikimi bukvami, ili [[caret]] postavljen medźu bukvy sylaby ili poslě sylaby. Zbog gramatike i slovoreda Solresola, razlikovanje častij řeči občno nije potrebno za razuměnje rečenice. Razne [[tense–aspect–mood|vremensko-načinske]] čestice su dvojne sylaby, kako je dato u slovniku iznad. Dodatno, po Gajewskom, pasivne glagoly se tvore s ''faremi'' medźu tom česticom i glagolom. Subjunktiv se tvori s ''mire'' pred zaimennikom. Negacija ''do'' se pojavljuje samo jednom v klauzi, pred slovom koje negira. Slovo ''fasi'' pred imenicom ili prěvjesnikom je [[augmentativ|augmentativno]]; poslě njega je [[Degrees of comparison of adjectives and adverbs|superlativ]]. ''Sifa'' je suprotnost ([[diminutiv|diminutivno]]):{{r|lmu1866|p=21.III}} :''fala'' dobro, ''fasi fala'' velmi dobro, ''fala fasi'' odlično, najbolje; ''sifa fala'' dobro (ali ne odlično), ''fala sifa'' ne velmi dobro (i slično s ''lafa'' zlo) :''sisire'' vjetar, ''fasi sisire'' oluja, ''sisire fasi'' ciklon; ''sifa sisire'' povjetarac, ''sisire sifa'' kretanje vazduha Pitanja Pitanja v Solresolu ne dobijaju mnogo pažnje u originalnoj dokumentaciji, niti imaju mnogo priměrov. Sudreova publikacija uključuje tri priměra upitnyh rečenic:{{r|lmu1866|p=127}} :Je vaše zdravlje dobro? – Redofafa? :Hoćete li ići na selo ove godine? – Fadoremi? :Hoćete li ići u pozorište večeras? – Soldoremi? Da bi se to stvorilo kao potvrdna izjava, dodaje se osobny zaimennik poslě: :Moje zdravlje je dobro. – Redofafa dore. :Ići ću na selo ove godine. – Fadoremi dore. :Ići ću u pozorište večeras. – Soldoremi dore. Gajewski umesto toga postavlja subjekt rečenice poslě glagola umesto pred glagolom, konstrukcija občna v evropskih jezycich. Nektery priměry su:{{R|grammar_eng|p=Interrogation and Negation}} :Jesam li? – Faremi dore? :Razumije li on? – Falafa dofa? :Učite li? – Sidosi domi? V vsih verzijah jezyka, postoje slova četyri sylaby duga, ponovljena "Mi" sekcija slovnika koja uključuje neka občna pitanja, taki jako:{{r|lmu1866|p=109.123}} :Miladodo? – Do kogo stepena/mjere? :Milarere? – Dobro? :Misirere? – Kto je to? ==Pismo Solresol== [[File:Solresol symbols.svg|thumb|Simboly Solresola]] Pismo koristano v Solresolu sastoji se od sedmih unikatnyh symbolov, vsaky predstavljajući jednu od sedmih "not". Na pr., "[[C (muzikalna nota)|Do]]" je krug, a "[[G (muzikalna nota)|Sol]]" je horizontalna linija. Slova Solresola se tvore povezivanjem symbolov v poredu kako se pojavljuju v slovu. Dvojne note se predstavljaju križanjem symbola. [[File:Solresol words.svg|thumb|Něktore osnovne slova Solresola]] Druge karakteristike Nepristrasny i relativno prosty Integrovane sistemy ([[znakovny jezyk|znakovny jezyk]], barvy, itd.) za većinu [[invaliditet|ometenj]], odmah operativne bez posebnogo učenja Brzo uspěšno učenje za nepismene (samo sedm sylab ili znakov ili deset bukv za znati i prepoznati) Vrlo prosty ali efektivny sistem za razlikovanje funkcij slov v rečenicah Koristajući [[tonic sol-fa]] sistem od [[John Curwen|Johna Curwena]], Solresol może też być [[znakovny jezyk|znakovano]]. Daljnji razvoj Drugi način koristania Solresola se naziva ''ses'', razvijen od [[C. George Boeree|C. Georgea Boereea]].<ref name="loan_words">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|title=Using loan words in Solresol|url=https://www.tumblr.com/sidosi/181390815161/using-loan-words-in-solresol|website=Tumblr|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251128152044if_/https://www.tumblr.com/sidosi/181390815161/using-loan-words-in-solresol|archive-date=2025-11-28|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Koristajući to, note dobijaju reprezentativne konsonante i vokale (ili diftongy). Najprostša slova koriste samo vokalu, dok vsa druga koriste složenjejšu strukturu sylab. do ⇒ p / o re ⇒ k / e mi ⇒ m / i fa ⇒ f / a sol ⇒ s / u la ⇒ l / au ti ⇒ t / ai Na ovaj način, można pisati ili izgovarati slova taki jako to: : sol-sol-re-do ⇒ suko (cvcv) – migrena Zato što se množina i ženske forme slov u Solresolu označavaju naglaskom ili dužinom glasov, ses koristi ''pau'' (nektory) ili ''fai'' (mnogo) za označavanje množiny, i ''mu'' (dobro) za označavanje ženskogo roda kogda je potrebno. == Kodiranje == Zahtev za [[ISO 639-3]] jezykovy kod, privremeno predloženy jako {{Code|sud}}, był upućen [[SIL Global|SIL-u]] 28 avgusta 2017,<ref name="sil_change">{{Cite web|author=SIL International|author-link=SIL Global|date=2017-08-28|title=ISO 639-3 Registration Authority Request for Change No. 2017-032|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032.pdf|website=ISO 639-3|publication-place=[[Dallas]]|format=PDF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605171450if_/https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032.pdf|archive-date=2019-06-05|archive-format=PDF|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="sil_new">{{Cite web|author=SIL International|author-link=SIL Global|date=2017-08-28|title=Request for New Language Code Element in ISO 639-3: [sud]|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032_sud.pdf|website=ISO 639-3|publication-place=[[Dallas]]|format=PDF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605171450if_/https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032_sud.pdf|archive-date=2019-06-05|archive-format=PDF|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="sidosi_request">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|date=2017-07-28|title=The Road to ISO 639-3|url=https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=310|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230829154231if_/https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=310|archive-date=2023-08-29|access-date=2018-10-22|df=mdy-all}}</ref> ale był odrinuły 23 janvara 2018.<ref name="sil_rejection">{{Cite web|author=SIL International|author-link=SIL Global|date=2018-01-23|title=Comments received for ISO 639-3 Change Request 2017-032|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/CR_Comments_2017-032.pdf|website=ISO 639-3|publication-place=[[Dallas]]|format=PDF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605171452if_/https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/CR_Comments_2017-032.pdf|archive-date=2019-06-05|archive-format=PDF|page=2|access-date=2019-09-27|df=mdy-all|quote=Zahtev za stvorenje koda [sud] za Solresol je odrinuły.}}</ref><ref name="sidosi_rejection">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|date=2018-02-01|title=Beyond ISO 639-3 (for now)|url=https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=350|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230829153926if_/https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=350|archive-date=2023-08-29|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Solresol je dobil kody {{Code|qso}} i {{Code|art-x-solresol}} v [[Codes for constructed languages|ConLang Code Registry]].<ref name="clcr">{{Cite web|last=Bettencourt|first=Rebecca G.|date=2015-01-08|title=ConLang Code Registry|url=https://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/|website=Kreative Korporation|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221127152005if_/http://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/|archive-date=2022-11-27|access-date=2021-04-06|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Sedm osnovnyh symbolov bylo predloženo za registraciju v [[ConScript Unicode Registry]].<ref name="csur">{{Cite web|last=Everson|first=Michael|author-link=Michael Everson|date=1997-01-21|title=Solresol: U+E770–U+E77F|url=https://www.evertype.com/standards/csur/solresol.html|website=ConScript Unicode Registry|publisher=Evertype|publication-place=[[Lecanvey]], [[Ireland]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417191120if_/https://www.evertype.com/standards/csur/solresol.html|archive-date=2021-04-17|access-date=2021-04-06|df=mdy-all}}</ref> == Priměrne teksty == ; Članok 1 ''[[Universalna deklaracija prav člověka|Universalnoj deklaracija prav člověka]]'' na medžuslovjanskom : ''Vsi ljudi rodet se svobodnymi i ravnymi v svojem dostojenstvu i pravah. Oni sut obdarjene razumom i svědomjem i muset postupati v odnošenju jedin k drugomu v duhu bratstva.'' ; Prěvod na Solresol : Siré misolredo faremi doredore domisimi re misóla, solfalafá dósila re réfasi. Dófa faremi remila fare dômilafa re dôfasifa, re fafa fasolfa midolǎ fare dômisola lasi sîmisila. ; Predstavjeno koristajuči ''ses'' Solresol : Sé muro fem pepe omúm e múl, salá ósau e éfai. Óf fem ril fe ômauf e ôfaif, e fa fuf ipǎu fe ômul lai âimail. == Gledite takože == * [[muzikalny jezyk]] * [[solfedžio]] * [[Tonic sol-fa]] * [[Voyage to Faremido]] * [[Ro jezyk]] ==Iztočniky== {{Iztočniky}} == Čitati dalje == * {{Cite book|last=Sudre|first=François|year=1866|title=Langue Musicale Universelle|url=http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/ladosol.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070831060525if_/http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/ladosol.html|archive-date=2007-08-31|publication-place=Paris|language=fr}} – HTML verzija celogo teksta Sudreovogo toma iz 1866, s originalnym [https://web.archive.org/web/20070831061613if_/http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/lrls_sosfs.html slovnikom] i [https://web.archive.org/web/20080310234035/http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/solrelaF.html frazeologijom] (v francozskom). * {{Cite book|last1=Couturat|first1=Louis|last2=Leau|first2=Léopold|year=1903|title=Histoire de la Langue Universelle|url=https://archive.org/details/histoiredelalang00coutuoft|publisher=Librairie Hachette|publication-place=[[Paris]]|language=fr|access-date=2025-11-28|df=mdy-all}} * {{Cite book|last=Eco|first=Umberto|author-link=Umberto Eco|date=1997-04-08|title=The Search for the Perfect Language|url=https://archive.org/details/searchforperfect00ecou|publisher=[[Wiley-Blackwell]]|publication-place=[[Cambridge, Massachusetts|Cambridge, Mass.]]|edition=1|series=The Making of Europe|isbn=978-0-631-20510-4|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}} ==Vněšnje linky== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20191115021254if_/https://www.omniglot.com/writing/solresol.htm Solresol jezyk i stenografično pismo] na Omniglot, online enciklopediji sistemov pisanja i jezykov * Anglijsko-Solresol slovniky od [https://web.archive.org/web/20250121193252if_/http://www.datapacrat.com/True/LANG/SOLRESOL/DICTIONA.HTM Jasona Hutchensa] (6 julija 1998) i [https://web.archive.org/web/20100923132246if_/http://www.ifost.org.au/~gregb/solresol/sorsolex.htm Stephena L. Ricea] (19 novembra 1997) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20231130083816if_/http://sharyphil.com/root/solresol-the-project/ SolReSol: Projekt v0.95] od Phila Sharyja, open source Solresol–anglijsky i anglijsky–Solresol překladateľsky program za Windows (32- i 64-bitny) s live MIDI podporom (24 februara 2015) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20250818235352if_/https://wiki.xxiivv.com/site/solresol.html Moderny Simetričny Solresol] od Davida Mondou-Labbého (28 septembra 2023) * [https://eliseduv.dev/solresol/ Překladač Anglijsky↔Solresol] {{Umětne jezyky}} [[Kategorija:1827 introdukcije]] [[Kategorija:Analitične jezyky]] [[Kategorija:Konstruovane jezyky]] [[Kategorija:Medžunarodne pomočne jezyky]] [[Kategorija:jezyky potvrđene od 1820-tyh]] [[Kategorija:muzikalne jezyky]] dmxyvacq8m635ce89rpqkbviw85zz9d 45655 45654 2026-08-13T10:01:49Z Ilja isv 10 45655 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kartka jezyk | name = Solresol | nativename = <center>''[[solfedžio]]'': Sol-Re-Sol</center> | image = Solresol-langage.svg | created = 1827 | creator = [[François Sudre|{{-|François Sudre|Франсуа Судр}}]] | fam1 = [[umětne jezyky]] | fam2 = [[Pomočny jezyk]], [[Umětne jezyky#A priori|a priori]] | fam3 = [[muzikalny jezyk]] | posteriori = [[Umětne jezyky#A priori|a priori]] | script = [[Solresol#pismo Solresol|pismo Solresol]]; [[solfedžio]]; [[noty]]; [[barvy spektra]] | sign = Podpisana notacija; [[tonic sol-fa]] znaky od [[John Curwen]] | iso3 = qso | iso3comment = [https://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/ (lokalno koristane)] | glotto = none | ietf = [https://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/ art-x-solresol] }} '''Solresol''' ([[solfedžio]]: [[G (muzikalna nota)|Sol]]-[[D (muzikalna nota)|Re]]-[[G (muzikalna nota)|Sol]]), prvonačelno nazyvany {{Lang|fr|Langue universelle}} (bukv. 'Universalny jezyk') a potom {{Lang|fr|Langue musicale universelle}} ('Universalny muzikalny jezyk'), je [[muzikalny jezyk|muzikalny]] [[umětny jezyk]] stvorjeny od francozskogo učiteľa musiky i kompozitora [[François Sudre|Jean-Françoisa Sudrea]] (1787–1862), počinajući v 1817. Njegova kniga definujuća to, {{Lang|fr|Langue Musicale Universelle}}, była publikovana posmrtno v 1866,<ref name="lmu1866">{{Cite book|last=Sudre|first=François|year=1866|title=Langue Musicale Universelle|url=https://www.ifost.org.au/~gregb/solresol/sudre-book.pdf|format=PDF|url-status=live|publication-place=[[Paris]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320142510if_/http://www.ifost.org.au/~gregb/solresol/sudre-book.pdf|archive-date=2012-03-20|archive-format=PDF|language=fr|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> iako je on već několik godin publiciral to. Solresol doživil kratky čas popularnosti v drugej polovici 19. stolěća i był sponzorovan od takyh osob jako [[Victor Hugo]], [[Alphonse de Lamartine]], [[Alexander von Humboldt]] i [[Napoleon III]],<ref name="pei">{{Cite book|last=Pei|first=Mario|author-link=Mario Pei|year=1969|title=Wanted: A World Language|type=Pamphlet|series=Public Affairs|volume=434|pages=11–12|publisher=Public Affairs Committee|publication-place=[[New York City]]|url=http://www.autodidactproject.org/other/pei_worldlg.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180125230417if_/http://www.autodidactproject.org/other/pei_worldlg.html|archive-date=2018-01-25|access-date=2025-11-28|df=mdy-all}}</ref> kulminujući s publikacijom [[Boleslas Gajewski|Boleslasa Gajewskogo]] {{Lang|fr|Grammaire du Solresol}} v 1902. Dnes, postoje male komunity entuzijastov Solresola rozsypane po cělem světě.<ref name="sidosi">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|title=Sidosi Home|url=https://www.sidosi.org/|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004090845if_/https://www.sidosi.org/|archive-date=2023-10-04|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> == Evolucija == Postoji několik verzij Solresola, každá s malymi razlikami. Tri glavne varijacije ktore su ješte v oběgu—Sudre, Gajewski i "Modern"—razlikuju se pretežno v različnyh elementah slovnika, a složaju se pretežno o gramatike. Sudre je stvoril jezyk, i tako njegova verzija zaslužuje nazv byti originalnom verzijom Solresola. Vincent Gajewski, parizsky profesor, popularizoval jezyk jako predsednik Centralnogo Komiteta za Studium i Napredovanje Solresola, ktory był osnovan v 1869 od Sudreove udovy, Joséphine, da bi dalje promoviral njegovo dělo. Boleslas Gajewski, Vincentov syn i sam profesor, formalizoval gramatiku i napisal definitivno dělo o jezyka: {{Lang|fr|Grammaire du Solrésol}} (Gramatika Solresola).<ref name="grammar_eng">{{Cite web|last1=Gajewski|first1=Boleslas|last2=Rice|first2=Stephen L.|date=1997-11-19|orig-date=printed 1902 as {{-|Grammaire du Solrésol}}, translated 1997|title=Grammar of Solresol, or the Universal Language of François Sudre | url = http://www.ptialaska.net/~srice/solresol/sorsoeng.htm | website = Stephen L. Rice: The Solresol Page | url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070413035441if_/http://www.ptialaska.net/~srice/solresol/sorsoeng.htm|archive-date=2007-04-13|access-date=2019-09-29| ref = {{sfnref|Gramatika|2005}}}}</ref><ref name="grammar_pdf">{{Cite web|last=Gajewski|first=Boleslas|editor-last1=Rice|editor-first1=Stephen L.|editor-last2=Bigham|editor-first2=Doug|year=2005|orig-date=printed 1902 as {{-|Grammaire du Solrésol}}, translated 1997 (Rice), revised 2005 (Bigham)|title=Grammar of Solresol, or the Universal Language of François Sudre|url=https://i.sidosi.org/resources/grammar-of-solresol-bigham/grammar-of-solresol-bigham.pdf|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217001045if_/https://i.sidosi.org/resources/grammar-of-solresol-bigham/grammar-of-solresol-bigham.pdf|archive-date=2019-12-17|access-date=2019-12-16}}</ref> To je najviše publicirana verzija Solresola, zahvaljujući překladu na anglijsky od Stephena L. Ricea iz 1997,<ref name="grammar_pdf"/><ref name="grammar_eng"/> s znatnom količinom slovnika izměnjenogo od originala, kao i něktore gramatike. Jedny priměr je slovo ''fasol'', definovano kao "tutaj" v Sudreovom slovniku, ale "začto?" v Gajewskom. Tretja je neoficijalna verzija razvijana vremenom od komunity, nazvana "Moderny Solresol". Ona koristi Sudreovu verziju kao bazu, s prilagodbami gramatike i slovnika, takimi jako izměna definicij ''sisol'' i ''sila'' od značenja "Gospodin" i "Mlady muž" na sistem [[honorifik|honorifikov]] inspiriran onym koristanym v japonščině; oba su rodno-neutralne titule, jedna za byti poštivy, a druga za byti ljubazny.<ref name="Modern Solresol Dictionary">{{Cite web|last1=Osteen|first1=Garrison|last2=Walters|first2=Scott|last3=Parson|first3=Daniel|last4=Fernandez|first4=Tobias|date=2018-03-12|title=Solresol Dictionary Modernised|url=https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/182okssrHseIggjHGlzWyFH81-o8y8EsvQtJfPJYu6r8/edit|format=XLSX|website=Google Sheets|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250829164017if_/https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/182okssrHseIggjHGlzWyFH81-o8y8EsvQtJfPJYu6r8/edit|archive-date=2025-08-29|archive-format=XLSX|access-date=2019-12-22|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Gajewskogo publikacija donesla razne dodatky ktore ne konfliktu s originalnom verzijom jezyka, taki jako razne nove metody komunikacije,{{sfn|Gramatika|2005|p=16}} vključujući: skup symbolov koristane sedmih barv duhy, i koristane [[tonic sol-fa]] za signiranje jezyka ==Fonologija== [[File:Solresol.svg|thumb|right|Sedm konvencionalnyh not, barv, sylab, čisel i glifov koristanyh za prenos fonemov Solresola]] Solresol może być komunikovany koristajući sedm različnyh predmetov, s maksimumom pet na slovo. Statistički, ty kombinacije daju sedm jedno-sylabnyh slov, 49 dvuh-sylabnyh, 336 tri-sylabnyh, 2.268 četyr-sylabnyh i 9.072 pet-sylabnyh, za ukupno 11.732 mogućih primarnyh slov.<ref name="pei" /> Glavna metoda komunikacije je koristane sedmih [[solfedžio]] sylab (forma [[solmizacija|solmizacije]]), ktore mogu byti akcentovane, prodloužene ili ponovljene. Najprostši način koristati ty sylaby je govoriti ih jako by one byly regularne [[sylaba|sylaby]]. {{Trěba iztočnik|Zbog togo že predchádza [[Medžunarodny fonetičny alfabet|MFA]], ne postoje posebna pravila izgovora izvan standardnyh čitanj solfège. Zbog togo že vsaka sylaba je dovoljno odlična, mogu byti izgovorjene skoro vsakym sposobom, ktory čitatej preferuje.}} Sudre je izložil način transkripcije fonetiky francozskogo (i tako mnogih drugih jezykov) do Solresola, primarno koristany za vlastne imenice.{{r|lmu1866|p=32}} Koristajući občne izgovory kako su dane od strane [[Vikislovnik|Vikislovnika]], je moguće rekonstruovati tabulu glasov koristajući modernu MFA. Zbog malog broja sylab, je potrebno ostaviti kratku pauzu medźu slovami tako da vsako slovo ostane jasno odvojeno. Kako je primetil Boleslas Gajewski: "člověk bi měl věnovati veliku pozornost pauzi po vsakom slovu; ta mala pauza je potrebna za odvajanje slov, tako da slušatelj ne bude zbunjen".{{R|grammar_eng|p=Reversed meanings}} ===Slovnik=== V Solresol [[morfologija (lingvistika)|morfologiji]], vsako slovo je poděleno na kategorije ili značenja ili funkcije, gdźe duža slova su občno specifičnjejša. Slova se razlikuju po treh glavnyh karakteristikah: početnoj sylabě, dužině slova, i tomu da li ima par ponovljenih sylab. Slova koja su jedna i dve sylaby duge su koristana za [[Zaimennik|zaimenniky]] i občne [[Gramatična čestica|čestice]], a ty s ponovljenimi sylabami su [[Gramatično vreme|vremena]]. Slova koja su jednu sylabu duga su posvećena slovima ktora su često koristana (v času stvorenja Solresola). Ty ktore uključuju ponavljajuće sylaby su rezervovane za "čisla, měsece goda, dni neděle i temperatury [pogodne uslove]", na pr. redodo "jedny", remimi "dva" (po Gajewskom). Slova koja su četyri sylaby duga spadaju v razne tematske kategorije. Na pr., slova počinjuća s 'sol', koja ne uključuju ponovljene sylaby, imaju značenja vezana za umetnosti ili nauky (na pr. soldoredo, "umetnost"; solmiredo, "akustika").{{r|lmu1866|p=22.V}} Však, ako slova koja su četyri sylaby duga imaju par ponovljenih sylab, njihova značenja se odnose na bolesti ili medicinu (na pr. solsolredo, "migrena"; solreresol, "ospice").{{r|lmu1866|p=23.VI}} Točnjejše, klase bez ponovljenih sylab su: ''do'': člověk, njegovo tělo i duh, intelektualne sposobnosti, kvalitete i hrana; ''re'': odeća, dom, domaćinstvo i porodica; ''mi'': činjenja človeka i njegove mane; ''fa'': selo, putovanja, vojna, more; ''sol'': lepe umetnosti i nauky; ''la'': industrija i trgovina; ''si'': město, vlada i administracija. S ponovljenimi sylabami, iste sylaby daju: ''do'': religija; ''re'': konstrukcija i razne obrti; ''mi'': predlogi, prislovne fraze i izolovane prislovy; ''fa'': bolesti; ''sol'': bolesti (nast.); ''la'': industrija i trgovina (jako u tipu bez ponavljanja); ''si'': pravda, magistratura i sudovi. Konačno, kombinacije pet sylab označavaju životinje, rośliny i minerale. Po defaultu, vse žive imenice i zaimenniky podrazuměvaju da su mužskogo roda. Za razlikovanje ženskogo roda, bar, [[pomišljaj|pomišljaj]] ili [[makron (diakritika)|makron]] se dodaje na konačnu sylabu odgovarajućeg člena ili samogo slova. V govoru, to se označava ponavljanjem vokala sylaby, s [[glotalna stop|glotalnom stopom]] koja odvaja ponovljenu vokalu od ostatka slova.{{r|lmu1866|p=24}} Však, v modernyh překladah, zaimenniky se ne měnje v zavisnosti od [[Gramatičny rod|roda]]. Umesto toga, oni se prosto prevode na anglijsky kao neutralne zaimenniky; it i they. Jedna unikatna karakteristika Solresola je da značenja mogu byti obrnuta obrtanjem sylab v slovah. Na pr. ''fala'' znači dobro ili ukusno, a ''lafa'' znači zlo. Prekidi v logičkom poredu slov v vsakoj kategoriji su občno uzrokovani tymi obrtivymi slovami.{{r|lmu1866|p=31.XXI}} {| style="background: transparent; border: hidden;" | style="padding: 0 2em;" | {| class="wikitable" | [[File:Solresol - misol.jpg|x88px]] | [[File:Solresol - solmi.jpg|x88px]] |- | style="text-align: center;" | '''misol''': "dobro" | style="text-align: center;" | '''solmi''': "zlo" |} | style="padding-left: 2em;" | {| class="wikitable" | [[File:Solresol - domisol.jpg|x88px]] | [[File:Solresol - solmido.jpg|x88px]] |- | style="text-align: center;" | '''domisol''': "[[Bog]]" | style="text-align: center;" | '''solmido''': "[[Djavol]]" |} |} Však, ne vsa slova su obrtiva v tom smyslu, taki jako ''dorefare'' znači vrat, a ''refaredo'' znači garderoba, ktore očigledno nisu suprotnosti. Slědujuća tabula pokazuje slova do dvuh sylab iz Gajewskogo slovnika: {| class="wikitable" ! {{Diagonal split header|style=height: 3em; width: 7em|1. syl.|2. syl.}} ! ''Nijedna'' ! style="background-color: #f69;" | -do ! style="background-color: #f96;" | -re ! style="background-color: #ff9;" | -mi ! style="background-color: #9f6;" | -fa ! style="background-color: #9ff;" | -sol ! style="background-color: #96f;" | -la ! style="background-color: #f9f;" | -si/-ti |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #f69;" | Do- | style="background-color: #f69;" | ne, ni, niti | style="background-color: #f69;" | (prošlo) | ja, mene || ty [sg] || on || se, sebe || jedny, někto || drugy |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #f96;" | Re- | style="background-color: #f96;" | i, tak jako | moj, moje | style="background-color: #f96;" | (pluperfekt) | tvoj, tvoje [sg] || njegov || naš, naše || vaš, vaše [pl] || njihov |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #ff9;" | Mi- | style="background-color: #ff9;" | ili, ili čak | za, da bi/da || ktory, koja (odnos. zaim.), že (veznik) | style="background-color: #ff9;" | (buduće) | čij, čija || dobro (prisl.) || tutaj je/tu je, gle || dobar večer/noć |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #9f6;" | Fa- | style="background-color: #9f6;" | k, ka | što? || s, sa, zajedno || ovaj, ova, ovo | style="background-color: #9f6;" | (kond.) | začto, iz kog razloga || dobro, ukusno, slasno || mnogo, velmi, krajno |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #9ff;" | Sol- | style="background-color: #9ff;" | ako | ale || v, unutra || zlo, loše (prisl.) || zato, jer | style="background-color: #9ff;" | (imperativ) | věčno, vsegda, bez konca || hvala, hvaly |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #96f;" | <span style="color: #000;">La-</span> | style="background-color: #96f;" | <span style="color: #000;">ty (člen)</span> | ničto, nikto, nijedny || od, po || tutaj, tam || zlo, loše || nikogda, nikad | style="background-color: #96f;" | <span style="color: #000;">(prezentni participij)</span> || od, iz |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #f9f;"| Si-/Ti- | style="background-color: #f9f;" | da, dobro, rado, složeno | isto (stvar) | vsaky, každy | dobro jutro/popoldne | malo, jedva |gospodin, pan |mlady muž, neženja | style="background-color: #f9f;" | <span style="color: #000;">(pasivny participij)</span> |} Određeny člen ima razne forme za [[Nominativ|nominativny]], [[Genitiv|genitivny]] i [[Dativ|dativny]] padež, ili, v anglijskom, za "the", "to the" i "of the": 'la', 'fa' i 'lasi', po redu.{{r|lmu1866|p=23-24.VII-VIII}} ==Gramatika== Osim naglaska i dužiny, slova Solresola se ne inflektuju. Da bi rečenice ostale jasne, posebno s mogućnošću gubitka informacij pri komunikaciji, odredjene časti řeči sleduju strog slovored. :Prěvjesniki vsegda sleduju imenicu ktoru određuju. :Nepremni objekty vsegda dolaze poslě glagola.{{r|lmu1866|p=26.XII}} :Priměry dane v originalnoj dokumentaciji ukazuju na [[subjekt–glagol–objekt slovored|slovored subjekt–glagol–objekt]],{{R|lmu1866|p=29.XVII}} však, to ne bi mělo imati značenje dok rečenica ostaje prosta i jasna. :Vremena vsegda prethode glagolom.{{r|lmu1866|p=30.XIX}} Da bi se slovo stvorilo u množini, [[akút|akútny naglasak]] se dodaje iznad poslednje sylaby, ktory se v govoru izgovara produženjem poslednje bukvy te sylaby.{{r|lmu1866|p=24.IX}} Priměry kako označiti množinu mužskih i ženskih slov: :''resimire'' brat, ''resimirē/resimire-e'' sestra :''resimiré'' bracia, ''resimiréē/resimiré-e'' sestry To utiče samo na prvo slovo v [[imenična fraza|imeničnoj frazi]]. To jest, utiče samo na imenicu kada je imenica sama, jako iznad. Ako je slovo popraćeno gramatičkom česticom (la, fa ili lasi), čestica će nositi oznaku roda i/ili broja umesto toga: :''la resimire'' [ty] brat, ''lā/la-a resimire'' [ta] sestra :''lá resimire'' [ty] bracia, ''láā/lá-a resimire'' [ty] sestry Časti řeči (jako i specifičnjejše definicije za něktora slova) se izvode iz glagol postavljanjem [[cirkumfleks|cirkumfleksa]] iznad jedne od sylab v pisanju, i izgovaranjem te sylaby s [[Glossary of music terminology#R|rinforzando]] (iznenadny naglasak ili [[Dynamics (music)#Gradual changes|crescendo]]). S naglaskom postavljenim na prvu sylabu, slovo postaje imenica. V četyri-sylabnyh slovah, naglašavanje druge sylaby stvara imenicu činitelja. [[Penult]]imna sylaba stvara prěvjesnik, a poslednja stvara prislov.{{r|lmu1866|p=25.XI}} Na pr., :''midofa'' preferovati, ''mîdofa'' preferencija, ''midôfa'' preferabilny, ''midofâ'' preferabilno :''resolmila'' nastaviti, ''rêsolmila'' nastavjenje, ''resôlmila'' jedny ktory nastavlja, ''resolmîla'' staly, ''resolmilâ'' stalno Na kompjuteryh koristajući rasporede klavijatur bez cirkumfleksa, sylaba może być napisana velikimi bukvami, ili [[caret]] postavljen medźu bukvy sylaby ili poslě sylaby. Zbog gramatike i slovoreda Solresola, razlikovanje častij řeči občno nije potrebno za razuměnje rečenice. Razne [[tense–aspect–mood|vremensko-načinske]] čestice su dvojne sylaby, kako je dato u slovniku iznad. Dodatno, po Gajewskom, pasivne glagoly se tvore s ''faremi'' medźu tom česticom i glagolom. Subjunktiv se tvori s ''mire'' pred zaimennikom. Negacija ''do'' se pojavljuje samo jednom v klauzi, pred slovom koje negira. Slovo ''fasi'' pred imenicom ili prěvjesnikom je [[augmentativ|augmentativno]]; poslě njega je [[Degrees of comparison of adjectives and adverbs|superlativ]]. ''Sifa'' je suprotnost ([[diminutiv|diminutivno]]):{{r|lmu1866|p=21.III}} :''fala'' dobro, ''fasi fala'' velmi dobro, ''fala fasi'' odlično, najbolje; ''sifa fala'' dobro (ali ne odlično), ''fala sifa'' ne velmi dobro (i slično s ''lafa'' zlo) :''sisire'' vjetar, ''fasi sisire'' oluja, ''sisire fasi'' ciklon; ''sifa sisire'' povjetarac, ''sisire sifa'' kretanje vazduha Pitanja Pitanja v Solresolu ne dobijaju mnogo pažnje u originalnoj dokumentaciji, niti imaju mnogo priměrov. Sudreova publikacija uključuje tri priměra upitnyh rečenic:{{r|lmu1866|p=127}} :Je vaše zdravlje dobro? – Redofafa? :Hoćete li ići na selo ove godine? – Fadoremi? :Hoćete li ići u pozorište večeras? – Soldoremi? Da bi se to stvorilo kao potvrdna izjava, dodaje se osobny zaimennik poslě: :Moje zdravlje je dobro. – Redofafa dore. :Ići ću na selo ove godine. – Fadoremi dore. :Ići ću u pozorište večeras. – Soldoremi dore. Gajewski umesto toga postavlja subjekt rečenice poslě glagola umesto pred glagolom, konstrukcija občna v evropskih jezycich. Nektery priměry su:{{R|grammar_eng|p=Interrogation and Negation}} :Jesam li? – Faremi dore? :Razumije li on? – Falafa dofa? :Učite li? – Sidosi domi? V vsih verzijah jezyka, postoje slova četyri sylaby duga, ponovljena "Mi" sekcija slovnika koja uključuje neka občna pitanja, taki jako:{{r|lmu1866|p=109.123}} :Miladodo? – Do kogo stepena/mjere? :Milarere? – Dobro? :Misirere? – Kto je to? ==Pismo Solresol== [[File:Solresol symbols.svg|thumb|Simboly Solresola]] Pismo koristano v Solresolu sastoji se od sedmih unikatnyh symbolov, vsaky predstavljajući jednu od sedmih "not". Na pr., "[[C (muzikalna nota)|Do]]" je krug, a "[[G (muzikalna nota)|Sol]]" je horizontalna linija. Slova Solresola se tvore povezivanjem symbolov v poredu kako se pojavljuju v slovu. Dvojne note se predstavljaju križanjem symbola. [[File:Solresol words.svg|thumb|Něktore osnovne slova Solresola]] Druge karakteristike Nepristrasny i relativno prosty Integrovane sistemy ([[znakovny jezyk|znakovny jezyk]], barvy, itd.) za većinu [[invaliditet|ometenj]], odmah operativne bez posebnogo učenja Brzo uspěšno učenje za nepismene (samo sedm sylab ili znakov ili deset bukv za znati i prepoznati) Vrlo prosty ali efektivny sistem za razlikovanje funkcij slov v rečenicah Koristajući [[tonic sol-fa]] sistem od [[John Curwen|Johna Curwena]], Solresol może też być [[znakovny jezyk|znakovano]]. Daljnji razvoj Drugi način koristania Solresola se naziva ''ses'', razvijen od [[C. George Boeree|C. Georgea Boereea]].<ref name="loan_words">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|title=Using loan words in Solresol|url=https://www.tumblr.com/sidosi/181390815161/using-loan-words-in-solresol|website=Tumblr|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251128152044if_/https://www.tumblr.com/sidosi/181390815161/using-loan-words-in-solresol|archive-date=2025-11-28|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Koristajući to, note dobijaju reprezentativne konsonante i vokale (ili diftongy). Najprostša slova koriste samo vokalu, dok vsa druga koriste složenjejšu strukturu sylab. do ⇒ p / o re ⇒ k / e mi ⇒ m / i fa ⇒ f / a sol ⇒ s / u la ⇒ l / au ti ⇒ t / ai Na ovaj način, można pisati ili izgovarati slova taki jako to: : sol-sol-re-do ⇒ suko (cvcv) – migrena Zato što se množina i ženske forme slov u Solresolu označavaju naglaskom ili dužinom glasov, ses koristi ''pau'' (nektory) ili ''fai'' (mnogo) za označavanje množiny, i ''mu'' (dobro) za označavanje ženskogo roda kogda je potrebno. == Kodiranje == Zahtev za [[ISO 639-3]] jezykovy kod, privremeno predloženy jako {{Code|sud}}, był upućen [[SIL Global|SIL-u]] 28 avgusta 2017,<ref name="sil_change">{{Cite web|author=SIL International|author-link=SIL Global|date=2017-08-28|title=ISO 639-3 Registration Authority Request for Change No. 2017-032|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032.pdf|website=ISO 639-3|publication-place=[[Dallas]]|format=PDF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605171450if_/https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032.pdf|archive-date=2019-06-05|archive-format=PDF|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="sil_new">{{Cite web|author=SIL International|author-link=SIL Global|date=2017-08-28|title=Request for New Language Code Element in ISO 639-3: [sud]|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032_sud.pdf|website=ISO 639-3|publication-place=[[Dallas]]|format=PDF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605171450if_/https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032_sud.pdf|archive-date=2019-06-05|archive-format=PDF|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="sidosi_request">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|date=2017-07-28|title=The Road to ISO 639-3|url=https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=310|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230829154231if_/https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=310|archive-date=2023-08-29|access-date=2018-10-22|df=mdy-all}}</ref> ale był odrinuły 23 janvara 2018.<ref name="sil_rejection">{{Cite web|author=SIL International|author-link=SIL Global|date=2018-01-23|title=Comments received for ISO 639-3 Change Request 2017-032|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/CR_Comments_2017-032.pdf|website=ISO 639-3|publication-place=[[Dallas]]|format=PDF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605171452if_/https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/CR_Comments_2017-032.pdf|archive-date=2019-06-05|archive-format=PDF|page=2|access-date=2019-09-27|df=mdy-all|quote=Zahtev za stvorenje koda [sud] za Solresol je odrinuły.}}</ref><ref name="sidosi_rejection">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|date=2018-02-01|title=Beyond ISO 639-3 (for now)|url=https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=350|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230829153926if_/https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=350|archive-date=2023-08-29|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Solresol je dobil kody {{Code|qso}} i {{Code|art-x-solresol}} v [[Codes for constructed languages|ConLang Code Registry]].<ref name="clcr">{{Cite web|last=Bettencourt|first=Rebecca G.|date=2015-01-08|title=ConLang Code Registry|url=https://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/|website=Kreative Korporation|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221127152005if_/http://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/|archive-date=2022-11-27|access-date=2021-04-06|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Sedm osnovnyh symbolov bylo predloženo za registraciju v [[ConScript Unicode Registry]].<ref name="csur">{{Cite web|last=Everson|first=Michael|author-link=Michael Everson|date=1997-01-21|title=Solresol: U+E770–U+E77F|url=https://www.evertype.com/standards/csur/solresol.html|website=ConScript Unicode Registry|publisher=Evertype|publication-place=[[Lecanvey]], [[Ireland]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417191120if_/https://www.evertype.com/standards/csur/solresol.html|archive-date=2021-04-17|access-date=2021-04-06|df=mdy-all}}</ref> == Priměrne teksty == ; Članok 1 ''[[Universalna deklaracija prav člověka|Universalnoj deklaracija prav člověka]]'' na medžuslovjanskom : ''Vsi ljudi rodet se svobodnymi i ravnymi v svojem dostojenstvu i pravah. Oni sut obdarjene razumom i svědomjem i muset postupati v odnošenju jedin k drugomu v duhu bratstva.'' ; Prěvod na Solresol : Siré misolredo faremi doredore domisimi re misóla, solfalafá dósila re réfasi. Dófa faremi remila fare dômilafa re dôfasifa, re fafa fasolfa midolǎ fare dômisola lasi sîmisila. ; Predstavjeno koristajuči ''ses'' Solresol : Sé muro fem pepe omúm e múl, salá ósau e éfai. Óf fem ril fe ômauf e ôfaif, e fa fuf ipǎu fe ômul lai âimail. == Gledite takože == * [[muzikalny jezyk]] * [[solfedžio]] * [[Tonic sol-fa]] * [[Voyage to Faremido]] * [[Ro jezyk]] ==Iztočniky== {{Iztočniky}} == Čitati dalje == * {{Cite book|last=Sudre|first=François|year=1866|title=Langue Musicale Universelle|url=http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/ladosol.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070831060525if_/http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/ladosol.html|archive-date=2007-08-31|publication-place=Paris|language=fr}} – HTML verzija celogo teksta Sudreovogo toma iz 1866, s originalnym [https://web.archive.org/web/20070831061613if_/http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/lrls_sosfs.html slovnikom] i [https://web.archive.org/web/20080310234035/http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/solrelaF.html frazeologijom] (v francozskom). * {{Cite book|last1=Couturat|first1=Louis|last2=Leau|first2=Léopold|year=1903|title=Histoire de la Langue Universelle|url=https://archive.org/details/histoiredelalang00coutuoft|publisher=Librairie Hachette|publication-place=[[Paris]]|language=fr|access-date=2025-11-28|df=mdy-all}} * {{Cite book|last=Eco|first=Umberto|author-link=Umberto Eco|date=1997-04-08|title=The Search for the Perfect Language|url=https://archive.org/details/searchforperfect00ecou|publisher=[[Wiley-Blackwell]]|publication-place=[[Cambridge, Massachusetts|Cambridge, Mass.]]|edition=1|series=The Making of Europe|isbn=978-0-631-20510-4|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}} ==Vněšnje linky== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20191115021254if_/https://www.omniglot.com/writing/solresol.htm Solresol jezyk i stenografično pismo] na Omniglot, online enciklopediji sistemov pisanja i jezykov * Anglijsko-Solresol slovniky od [https://web.archive.org/web/20250121193252if_/http://www.datapacrat.com/True/LANG/SOLRESOL/DICTIONA.HTM Jasona Hutchensa] (6 julija 1998) i [https://web.archive.org/web/20100923132246if_/http://www.ifost.org.au/~gregb/solresol/sorsolex.htm Stephena L. Ricea] (19 novembra 1997) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20231130083816if_/http://sharyphil.com/root/solresol-the-project/ SolReSol: Projekt v0.95] od Phila Sharyja, open source Solresol–anglijsky i anglijsky–Solresol překladateľsky program za Windows (32- i 64-bitny) s live MIDI podporom (24 februara 2015) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20250818235352if_/https://wiki.xxiivv.com/site/solresol.html Moderny Simetričny Solresol] od Davida Mondou-Labbého (28 septembra 2023) * [https://eliseduv.dev/solresol/ Překladač Anglijsky↔Solresol] {{Umětne jezyky}} [[Kategorija:1827 introdukcije]] [[Kategorija:Analitične jezyky]] [[Kategorija:Konstruovane jezyky]] [[Kategorija:Medžunarodne pomočne jezyky]] [[Kategorija:jezyky potvrđene od 1820-tyh]] [[Kategorija:muzikalne jezyky]] isatnyvj4mjj2ndszu03iu29m1nvzm9 45660 45655 2026-08-13T11:09:46Z Ilja isv 10 45660 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kartka jezyk | name = Solresol | nativename = <center>''[[solfedžio]]'': Sol-Re-Sol</center> | image = Solresol-langage.svg | created = 1827 | creator = [[François Sudre|{{-|François Sudre|Франсуа Судр}}]] | fam1 = [[umětne jezyky]] | fam2 = [[Pomočny jezyk]], [[Umětne jezyky#A priori|a priori]] | fam3 = [[muzikalny jezyk]] | posteriori = [[Umětne jezyky#A priori|a priori]] | script = [[Solresol#pismo Solresol|pismo Solresol]]; [[solfedžio]]; [[noty]]; [[barvy spektra]] | sign = Podpisana notacija; [[tonic sol-fa]] znaky od [[John Curwen]] | iso3 = qso | iso3comment = [https://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/ (lokalno koristane)] | glotto = none | ietf = [https://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/ art-x-solresol] }} '''Solresol''' ([[solfedžio]]: [[G (muzikalna nota)|Sol]]-[[D (muzikalna nota)|Re]]-[[G (muzikalna nota)|Sol]]), prvonačelno nazyvany {{Lang|fr|Langue universelle}} (bukv. 'Universalny jezyk') a potom {{Lang|fr|Langue musicale universelle}} ('Universalny muzikalny jezyk'), je [[muzikalny jezyk|muzikalny]] [[umětny jezyk]] stvorjeny francuzskim učiteljem muziky i kompozitorom [[Jean-François Sudre|{{-|Jean'om-François Sudre|Жаном-Франсуа Судром}}]] (1787–1862), načinajuči od lěta 1817. Njegova kniga, kde oprědjeljaje se {{Lang|fr|Langue Musicale Universelle}}, byla publikovana posmrtno v lětu 1866,<ref name="lmu1866">{{Cite book|last=Sudre|first=François|year=1866|title=Langue Musicale Universelle|url=https://www.ifost.org.au/~gregb/solresol/sudre-book.pdf|format=PDF|url-status=live|publication-place=[[Paris]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320142510if_/http://www.ifost.org.au/~gregb/solresol/sudre-book.pdf|archive-date=2012-03-20|archive-format=PDF|language=fr|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> hoti on uže několik lět prěd tym o tom publikoval članky. Solresol doživil kratky čas popularnosti vo vtoroj polovině 19. stolětja i dostaval finansovu poddržku od takyh osob kako [[Victor Hugo|Viktor Hugo]], [[Alphonse de Lamartine|Alfons de Lamartin]], [[Alexander von Humboldt|Aleksander fon Humboldt]] i [[Napoleon III|Napoleon {{-|III}}|]],<ref name="pei">{{Cite book|last=Pei|first=Mario|author-link=Mario Pei|year=1969|title=Wanted: A World Language|type=Pamphlet|series=Public Affairs|volume=434|pages=11–12|publisher=Public Affairs Committee|publication-place=[[New York City]]|url=http://www.autodidactproject.org/other/pei_worldlg.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180125230417if_/http://www.autodidactproject.org/other/pei_worldlg.html|archive-date=2018-01-25|access-date=2025-11-28|df=mdy-all}}</ref>, kulminacijeju čego jest stala Publikacija [[Boleslas Gajewski|Boleslasa Gajewskogo]] {{Lang|fr|Grammaire du Solresol}} v lětu 1902. Dnes jestvujut male skupny entiziastov Solresola, razsypane po cělomu světu.<ref name="sidosi">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|title=Sidosi Home|url=https://www.sidosi.org/|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004090845if_/https://www.sidosi.org/|archive-date=2023-10-04|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> == Evolucija == Postoji několik verzij Solresola, každá s malymi razlikami. Tri glavne varijacije ktore su ješte v oběgu—Sudre, Gajewski i "Modern"—razlikuju se pretežno v različnyh elementah slovnika, a složaju se pretežno o gramatike. Sudre je stvoril jezyk, i tako njegova verzija zaslužuje nazv byti originalnom verzijom Solresola. Vincent Gajewski, parizsky profesor, popularizoval jezyk jako predsednik Centralnogo Komiteta za Studium i Napredovanje Solresola, ktory był osnovan v 1869 od Sudreove udovy, Joséphine, da bi dalje promoviral njegovo dělo. Boleslas Gajewski, Vincentov syn i sam profesor, formalizoval gramatiku i napisal definitivno dělo o jezyka: {{Lang|fr|Grammaire du Solrésol}} (Gramatika Solresola).<ref name="grammar_eng">{{Cite web|last1=Gajewski|first1=Boleslas|last2=Rice|first2=Stephen L.|date=1997-11-19|orig-date=printed 1902 as {{-|Grammaire du Solrésol}}, translated 1997|title=Grammar of Solresol, or the Universal Language of François Sudre | url = http://www.ptialaska.net/~srice/solresol/sorsoeng.htm | website = Stephen L. Rice: The Solresol Page | url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070413035441if_/http://www.ptialaska.net/~srice/solresol/sorsoeng.htm|archive-date=2007-04-13|access-date=2019-09-29| ref = {{sfnref|Gramatika|2005}}}}</ref><ref name="grammar_pdf">{{Cite web|last=Gajewski|first=Boleslas|editor-last1=Rice|editor-first1=Stephen L.|editor-last2=Bigham|editor-first2=Doug|year=2005|orig-date=printed 1902 as {{-|Grammaire du Solrésol}}, translated 1997 (Rice), revised 2005 (Bigham)|title=Grammar of Solresol, or the Universal Language of François Sudre|url=https://i.sidosi.org/resources/grammar-of-solresol-bigham/grammar-of-solresol-bigham.pdf|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217001045if_/https://i.sidosi.org/resources/grammar-of-solresol-bigham/grammar-of-solresol-bigham.pdf|archive-date=2019-12-17|access-date=2019-12-16}}</ref> To je najviše publicirana verzija Solresola, zahvaljujući překladu na anglijsky od Stephena L. Ricea iz 1997,<ref name="grammar_pdf"/><ref name="grammar_eng"/> s znatnom količinom slovnika izměnjenogo od originala, kao i něktore gramatike. Jedny priměr je slovo ''fasol'', definovano kao "tutaj" v Sudreovom slovniku, ale "začto?" v Gajewskom. Tretja je neoficijalna verzija razvijana vremenom od komunity, nazvana "Moderny Solresol". Ona koristi Sudreovu verziju kao bazu, s prilagodbami gramatike i slovnika, takimi jako izměna definicij ''sisol'' i ''sila'' od značenja "Gospodin" i "Mlady muž" na sistem [[honorifik|honorifikov]] inspiriran onym koristanym v japonščině; oba su rodno-neutralne titule, jedna za byti poštivy, a druga za byti ljubazny.<ref name="Modern Solresol Dictionary">{{Cite web|last1=Osteen|first1=Garrison|last2=Walters|first2=Scott|last3=Parson|first3=Daniel|last4=Fernandez|first4=Tobias|date=2018-03-12|title=Solresol Dictionary Modernised|url=https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/182okssrHseIggjHGlzWyFH81-o8y8EsvQtJfPJYu6r8/edit|format=XLSX|website=Google Sheets|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250829164017if_/https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/182okssrHseIggjHGlzWyFH81-o8y8EsvQtJfPJYu6r8/edit|archive-date=2025-08-29|archive-format=XLSX|access-date=2019-12-22|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Gajewskogo publikacija donesla razne dodatky ktore ne konfliktu s originalnom verzijom jezyka, taki jako razne nove metody komunikacije,{{sfn|Gramatika|2005|p=16}} vključujući: skup symbolov koristane sedmih barv duhy, i koristane [[tonic sol-fa]] za signiranje jezyka ==Fonologija== [[File:Solresol.svg|thumb|right|Sedm konvencionalnyh not, barv, sylab, čisel i glifov koristanyh za prenos fonemov Solresola]] Solresol może być komunikovany koristajući sedm različnyh predmetov, s maksimumom pet na slovo. Statistički, ty kombinacije daju sedm jedno-sylabnyh slov, 49 dvuh-sylabnyh, 336 tri-sylabnyh, 2.268 četyr-sylabnyh i 9.072 pet-sylabnyh, za ukupno 11.732 mogućih primarnyh slov.<ref name="pei" /> Glavna metoda komunikacije je koristane sedmih [[solfedžio]] sylab (forma [[solmizacija|solmizacije]]), ktore mogu byti akcentovane, prodloužene ili ponovljene. Najprostši način koristati ty sylaby je govoriti ih jako by one byly regularne [[sylaba|sylaby]]. {{Trěba iztočnik|Zbog togo že predchádza [[Medžunarodny fonetičny alfabet|MFA]], ne postoje posebna pravila izgovora izvan standardnyh čitanj solfège. Zbog togo že vsaka sylaba je dovoljno odlična, mogu byti izgovorjene skoro vsakym sposobom, ktory čitatej preferuje.}} Sudre je izložil način transkripcije fonetiky francozskogo (i tako mnogih drugih jezykov) do Solresola, primarno koristany za vlastne imenice.{{r|lmu1866|p=32}} Koristajući občne izgovory kako su dane od strane [[Vikislovnik|Vikislovnika]], je moguće rekonstruovati tabulu glasov koristajući modernu MFA. Zbog malog broja sylab, je potrebno ostaviti kratku pauzu medźu slovami tako da vsako slovo ostane jasno odvojeno. Kako je primetil Boleslas Gajewski: "člověk bi měl věnovati veliku pozornost pauzi po vsakom slovu; ta mala pauza je potrebna za odvajanje slov, tako da slušatelj ne bude zbunjen".{{R|grammar_eng|p=Reversed meanings}} ===Slovnik=== V Solresol [[morfologija (lingvistika)|morfologiji]], vsako slovo je poděleno na kategorije ili značenja ili funkcije, gdźe duža slova su občno specifičnjejša. Slova se razlikuju po treh glavnyh karakteristikah: početnoj sylabě, dužině slova, i tomu da li ima par ponovljenih sylab. Slova koja su jedna i dve sylaby duge su koristana za [[Zaimennik|zaimenniky]] i občne [[Gramatična čestica|čestice]], a ty s ponovljenimi sylabami su [[Gramatično vreme|vremena]]. Slova koja su jednu sylabu duga su posvećena slovima ktora su često koristana (v času stvorenja Solresola). Ty ktore uključuju ponavljajuće sylaby su rezervovane za "čisla, měsece goda, dni neděle i temperatury [pogodne uslove]", na pr. redodo "jedny", remimi "dva" (po Gajewskom). Slova koja su četyri sylaby duga spadaju v razne tematske kategorije. Na pr., slova počinjuća s 'sol', koja ne uključuju ponovljene sylaby, imaju značenja vezana za umetnosti ili nauky (na pr. soldoredo, "umetnost"; solmiredo, "akustika").{{r|lmu1866|p=22.V}} Však, ako slova koja su četyri sylaby duga imaju par ponovljenih sylab, njihova značenja se odnose na bolesti ili medicinu (na pr. solsolredo, "migrena"; solreresol, "ospice").{{r|lmu1866|p=23.VI}} Točnjejše, klase bez ponovljenih sylab su: ''do'': člověk, njegovo tělo i duh, intelektualne sposobnosti, kvalitete i hrana; ''re'': odeća, dom, domaćinstvo i porodica; ''mi'': činjenja človeka i njegove mane; ''fa'': selo, putovanja, vojna, more; ''sol'': lepe umetnosti i nauky; ''la'': industrija i trgovina; ''si'': město, vlada i administracija. S ponovljenimi sylabami, iste sylaby daju: ''do'': religija; ''re'': konstrukcija i razne obrti; ''mi'': predlogi, prislovne fraze i izolovane prislovy; ''fa'': bolesti; ''sol'': bolesti (nast.); ''la'': industrija i trgovina (jako u tipu bez ponavljanja); ''si'': pravda, magistratura i sudovi. Konačno, kombinacije pet sylab označavaju životinje, rośliny i minerale. Po defaultu, vse žive imenice i zaimenniky podrazuměvaju da su mužskogo roda. Za razlikovanje ženskogo roda, bar, [[pomišljaj|pomišljaj]] ili [[makron (diakritika)|makron]] se dodaje na konačnu sylabu odgovarajućeg člena ili samogo slova. V govoru, to se označava ponavljanjem vokala sylaby, s [[glotalna stop|glotalnom stopom]] koja odvaja ponovljenu vokalu od ostatka slova.{{r|lmu1866|p=24}} Však, v modernyh překladah, zaimenniky se ne měnje v zavisnosti od [[Gramatičny rod|roda]]. Umesto toga, oni se prosto prevode na anglijsky kao neutralne zaimenniky; it i they. Jedna unikatna karakteristika Solresola je da značenja mogu byti obrnuta obrtanjem sylab v slovah. Na pr. ''fala'' znači dobro ili ukusno, a ''lafa'' znači zlo. Prekidi v logičkom poredu slov v vsakoj kategoriji su občno uzrokovani tymi obrtivymi slovami.{{r|lmu1866|p=31.XXI}} {| style="background: transparent; border: hidden;" | style="padding: 0 2em;" | {| class="wikitable" | [[File:Solresol - misol.jpg|x88px]] | [[File:Solresol - solmi.jpg|x88px]] |- | style="text-align: center;" | '''misol''': "dobro" | style="text-align: center;" | '''solmi''': "zlo" |} | style="padding-left: 2em;" | {| class="wikitable" | [[File:Solresol - domisol.jpg|x88px]] | [[File:Solresol - solmido.jpg|x88px]] |- | style="text-align: center;" | '''domisol''': "[[Bog]]" | style="text-align: center;" | '''solmido''': "[[Djavol]]" |} |} Však, ne vsa slova su obrtiva v tom smyslu, taki jako ''dorefare'' znači vrat, a ''refaredo'' znači garderoba, ktore očigledno nisu suprotnosti. Slědujuća tabula pokazuje slova do dvuh sylab iz Gajewskogo slovnika: {| class="wikitable" ! {{Diagonal split header|style=height: 3em; width: 7em|1. syl.|2. syl.}} ! ''Nijedna'' ! style="background-color: #f69;" | -do ! style="background-color: #f96;" | -re ! style="background-color: #ff9;" | -mi ! style="background-color: #9f6;" | -fa ! style="background-color: #9ff;" | -sol ! style="background-color: #96f;" | -la ! style="background-color: #f9f;" | -si/-ti |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #f69;" | Do- | style="background-color: #f69;" | ne, ni, niti | style="background-color: #f69;" | (prošlo) | ja, mene || ty [sg] || on || se, sebe || jedny, někto || drugy |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #f96;" | Re- | style="background-color: #f96;" | i, tak jako | moj, moje | style="background-color: #f96;" | (pluperfekt) | tvoj, tvoje [sg] || njegov || naš, naše || vaš, vaše [pl] || njihov |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #ff9;" | Mi- | style="background-color: #ff9;" | ili, ili čak | za, da bi/da || ktory, koja (odnos. zaim.), že (veznik) | style="background-color: #ff9;" | (buduće) | čij, čija || dobro (prisl.) || tutaj je/tu je, gle || dobar večer/noć |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #9f6;" | Fa- | style="background-color: #9f6;" | k, ka | što? || s, sa, zajedno || ovaj, ova, ovo | style="background-color: #9f6;" | (kond.) | začto, iz kog razloga || dobro, ukusno, slasno || mnogo, velmi, krajno |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #9ff;" | Sol- | style="background-color: #9ff;" | ako | ale || v, unutra || zlo, loše (prisl.) || zato, jer | style="background-color: #9ff;" | (imperativ) | věčno, vsegda, bez konca || hvala, hvaly |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #96f;" | <span style="color: #000;">La-</span> | style="background-color: #96f;" | <span style="color: #000;">ty (člen)</span> | ničto, nikto, nijedny || od, po || tutaj, tam || zlo, loše || nikogda, nikad | style="background-color: #96f;" | <span style="color: #000;">(prezentni participij)</span> || od, iz |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #f9f;"| Si-/Ti- | style="background-color: #f9f;" | da, dobro, rado, složeno | isto (stvar) | vsaky, každy | dobro jutro/popoldne | malo, jedva |gospodin, pan |mlady muž, neženja | style="background-color: #f9f;" | <span style="color: #000;">(pasivny participij)</span> |} Određeny člen ima razne forme za [[Nominativ|nominativny]], [[Genitiv|genitivny]] i [[Dativ|dativny]] padež, ili, v anglijskom, za "the", "to the" i "of the": 'la', 'fa' i 'lasi', po redu.{{r|lmu1866|p=23-24.VII-VIII}} ==Gramatika== Osim naglaska i dužiny, slova Solresola se ne inflektuju. Da bi rečenice ostale jasne, posebno s mogućnošću gubitka informacij pri komunikaciji, odredjene časti řeči sleduju strog slovored. :Prěvjesniki vsegda sleduju imenicu ktoru određuju. :Nepremni objekty vsegda dolaze poslě glagola.{{r|lmu1866|p=26.XII}} :Priměry dane v originalnoj dokumentaciji ukazuju na [[subjekt–glagol–objekt slovored|slovored subjekt–glagol–objekt]],{{R|lmu1866|p=29.XVII}} však, to ne bi mělo imati značenje dok rečenica ostaje prosta i jasna. :Vremena vsegda prethode glagolom.{{r|lmu1866|p=30.XIX}} Da bi se slovo stvorilo u množini, [[akút|akútny naglasak]] se dodaje iznad poslednje sylaby, ktory se v govoru izgovara produženjem poslednje bukvy te sylaby.{{r|lmu1866|p=24.IX}} Priměry kako označiti množinu mužskih i ženskih slov: :''resimire'' brat, ''resimirē/resimire-e'' sestra :''resimiré'' bracia, ''resimiréē/resimiré-e'' sestry To utiče samo na prvo slovo v [[imenična fraza|imeničnoj frazi]]. To jest, utiče samo na imenicu kada je imenica sama, jako iznad. Ako je slovo popraćeno gramatičkom česticom (la, fa ili lasi), čestica će nositi oznaku roda i/ili broja umesto toga: :''la resimire'' [ty] brat, ''lā/la-a resimire'' [ta] sestra :''lá resimire'' [ty] bracia, ''láā/lá-a resimire'' [ty] sestry Časti řeči (jako i specifičnjejše definicije za něktora slova) se izvode iz glagol postavljanjem [[cirkumfleks|cirkumfleksa]] iznad jedne od sylab v pisanju, i izgovaranjem te sylaby s [[Glossary of music terminology#R|rinforzando]] (iznenadny naglasak ili [[Dynamics (music)#Gradual changes|crescendo]]). S naglaskom postavljenim na prvu sylabu, slovo postaje imenica. V četyri-sylabnyh slovah, naglašavanje druge sylaby stvara imenicu činitelja. [[Penult]]imna sylaba stvara prěvjesnik, a poslednja stvara prislov.{{r|lmu1866|p=25.XI}} Na pr., :''midofa'' preferovati, ''mîdofa'' preferencija, ''midôfa'' preferabilny, ''midofâ'' preferabilno :''resolmila'' nastaviti, ''rêsolmila'' nastavjenje, ''resôlmila'' jedny ktory nastavlja, ''resolmîla'' staly, ''resolmilâ'' stalno Na kompjuteryh koristajući rasporede klavijatur bez cirkumfleksa, sylaba może być napisana velikimi bukvami, ili [[caret]] postavljen medźu bukvy sylaby ili poslě sylaby. Zbog gramatike i slovoreda Solresola, razlikovanje častij řeči občno nije potrebno za razuměnje rečenice. Razne [[tense–aspect–mood|vremensko-načinske]] čestice su dvojne sylaby, kako je dato u slovniku iznad. Dodatno, po Gajewskom, pasivne glagoly se tvore s ''faremi'' medźu tom česticom i glagolom. Subjunktiv se tvori s ''mire'' pred zaimennikom. Negacija ''do'' se pojavljuje samo jednom v klauzi, pred slovom koje negira. Slovo ''fasi'' pred imenicom ili prěvjesnikom je [[augmentativ|augmentativno]]; poslě njega je [[Degrees of comparison of adjectives and adverbs|superlativ]]. ''Sifa'' je suprotnost ([[diminutiv|diminutivno]]):{{r|lmu1866|p=21.III}} :''fala'' dobro, ''fasi fala'' velmi dobro, ''fala fasi'' odlično, najbolje; ''sifa fala'' dobro (ali ne odlično), ''fala sifa'' ne velmi dobro (i slično s ''lafa'' zlo) :''sisire'' vjetar, ''fasi sisire'' oluja, ''sisire fasi'' ciklon; ''sifa sisire'' povjetarac, ''sisire sifa'' kretanje vazduha Pitanja Pitanja v Solresolu ne dobijaju mnogo pažnje u originalnoj dokumentaciji, niti imaju mnogo priměrov. Sudreova publikacija uključuje tri priměra upitnyh rečenic:{{r|lmu1866|p=127}} :Je vaše zdravlje dobro? – Redofafa? :Hoćete li ići na selo ove godine? – Fadoremi? :Hoćete li ići u pozorište večeras? – Soldoremi? Da bi se to stvorilo kao potvrdna izjava, dodaje se osobny zaimennik poslě: :Moje zdravlje je dobro. – Redofafa dore. :Ići ću na selo ove godine. – Fadoremi dore. :Ići ću u pozorište večeras. – Soldoremi dore. Gajewski umesto toga postavlja subjekt rečenice poslě glagola umesto pred glagolom, konstrukcija občna v evropskih jezycich. Nektery priměry su:{{R|grammar_eng|p=Interrogation and Negation}} :Jesam li? – Faremi dore? :Razumije li on? – Falafa dofa? :Učite li? – Sidosi domi? V vsih verzijah jezyka, postoje slova četyri sylaby duga, ponovljena "Mi" sekcija slovnika koja uključuje neka občna pitanja, taki jako:{{r|lmu1866|p=109.123}} :Miladodo? – Do kogo stepena/mjere? :Milarere? – Dobro? :Misirere? – Kto je to? ==Pismo Solresol== [[File:Solresol symbols.svg|thumb|Simboly Solresola]] Pismo koristano v Solresolu sastoji se od sedmih unikatnyh symbolov, vsaky predstavljajući jednu od sedmih "not". Na pr., "[[C (muzikalna nota)|Do]]" je krug, a "[[G (muzikalna nota)|Sol]]" je horizontalna linija. Slova Solresola se tvore povezivanjem symbolov v poredu kako se pojavljuju v slovu. Dvojne note se predstavljaju križanjem symbola. [[File:Solresol words.svg|thumb|Něktore osnovne slova Solresola]] Druge karakteristike Nepristrasny i relativno prosty Integrovane sistemy ([[znakovny jezyk|znakovny jezyk]], barvy, itd.) za većinu [[invaliditet|ometenj]], odmah operativne bez posebnogo učenja Brzo uspěšno učenje za nepismene (samo sedm sylab ili znakov ili deset bukv za znati i prepoznati) Vrlo prosty ali efektivny sistem za razlikovanje funkcij slov v rečenicah Koristajući [[tonic sol-fa]] sistem od [[John Curwen|Johna Curwena]], Solresol może też być [[znakovny jezyk|znakovano]]. Daljnji razvoj Drugi način koristania Solresola se naziva ''ses'', razvijen od [[C. George Boeree|C. Georgea Boereea]].<ref name="loan_words">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|title=Using loan words in Solresol|url=https://www.tumblr.com/sidosi/181390815161/using-loan-words-in-solresol|website=Tumblr|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251128152044if_/https://www.tumblr.com/sidosi/181390815161/using-loan-words-in-solresol|archive-date=2025-11-28|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Koristajući to, note dobijaju reprezentativne konsonante i vokale (ili diftongy). Najprostša slova koriste samo vokalu, dok vsa druga koriste složenjejšu strukturu sylab. do ⇒ p / o re ⇒ k / e mi ⇒ m / i fa ⇒ f / a sol ⇒ s / u la ⇒ l / au ti ⇒ t / ai Na ovaj način, można pisati ili izgovarati slova taki jako to: : sol-sol-re-do ⇒ suko (cvcv) – migrena Zato što se množina i ženske forme slov u Solresolu označavaju naglaskom ili dužinom glasov, ses koristi ''pau'' (nektory) ili ''fai'' (mnogo) za označavanje množiny, i ''mu'' (dobro) za označavanje ženskogo roda kogda je potrebno. == Kodiranje == Zahtev za [[ISO 639-3]] jezykovy kod, privremeno predloženy jako {{Code|sud}}, był upućen [[SIL Global|SIL-u]] 28 avgusta 2017,<ref name="sil_change">{{Cite web|author=SIL International|author-link=SIL Global|date=2017-08-28|title=ISO 639-3 Registration Authority Request for Change No. 2017-032|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032.pdf|website=ISO 639-3|publication-place=[[Dallas]]|format=PDF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605171450if_/https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032.pdf|archive-date=2019-06-05|archive-format=PDF|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="sil_new">{{Cite web|author=SIL International|author-link=SIL Global|date=2017-08-28|title=Request for New Language Code Element in ISO 639-3: [sud]|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032_sud.pdf|website=ISO 639-3|publication-place=[[Dallas]]|format=PDF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605171450if_/https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032_sud.pdf|archive-date=2019-06-05|archive-format=PDF|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="sidosi_request">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|date=2017-07-28|title=The Road to ISO 639-3|url=https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=310|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230829154231if_/https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=310|archive-date=2023-08-29|access-date=2018-10-22|df=mdy-all}}</ref> ale był odrinuły 23 janvara 2018.<ref name="sil_rejection">{{Cite web|author=SIL International|author-link=SIL Global|date=2018-01-23|title=Comments received for ISO 639-3 Change Request 2017-032|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/CR_Comments_2017-032.pdf|website=ISO 639-3|publication-place=[[Dallas]]|format=PDF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605171452if_/https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/CR_Comments_2017-032.pdf|archive-date=2019-06-05|archive-format=PDF|page=2|access-date=2019-09-27|df=mdy-all|quote=Zahtev za stvorenje koda [sud] za Solresol je odrinuły.}}</ref><ref name="sidosi_rejection">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|date=2018-02-01|title=Beyond ISO 639-3 (for now)|url=https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=350|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230829153926if_/https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=350|archive-date=2023-08-29|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Solresol je dobil kody {{Code|qso}} i {{Code|art-x-solresol}} v [[Codes for constructed languages|ConLang Code Registry]].<ref name="clcr">{{Cite web|last=Bettencourt|first=Rebecca G.|date=2015-01-08|title=ConLang Code Registry|url=https://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/|website=Kreative Korporation|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221127152005if_/http://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/|archive-date=2022-11-27|access-date=2021-04-06|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Sedm osnovnyh symbolov bylo predloženo za registraciju v [[ConScript Unicode Registry]].<ref name="csur">{{Cite web|last=Everson|first=Michael|author-link=Michael Everson|date=1997-01-21|title=Solresol: U+E770–U+E77F|url=https://www.evertype.com/standards/csur/solresol.html|website=ConScript Unicode Registry|publisher=Evertype|publication-place=[[Lecanvey]], [[Ireland]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417191120if_/https://www.evertype.com/standards/csur/solresol.html|archive-date=2021-04-17|access-date=2021-04-06|df=mdy-all}}</ref> == Priměrne teksty == ; Članok 1 ''[[Universalna deklaracija prav člověka|Universalnoj deklaracija prav člověka]]'' na medžuslovjanskom : ''Vsi ljudi rodet se svobodnymi i ravnymi v svojem dostojenstvu i pravah. Oni sut obdarjene razumom i svědomjem i muset postupati v odnošenju jedin k drugomu v duhu bratstva.'' ; Prěvod na Solresol : Siré misolredo faremi doredore domisimi re misóla, solfalafá dósila re réfasi. Dófa faremi remila fare dômilafa re dôfasifa, re fafa fasolfa midolǎ fare dômisola lasi sîmisila. ; Predstavjeno koristajuči ''ses'' Solresol : Sé muro fem pepe omúm e múl, salá ósau e éfai. Óf fem ril fe ômauf e ôfaif, e fa fuf ipǎu fe ômul lai âimail. == Gledite takože == * [[muzikalny jezyk]] * [[solfedžio]] * [[Tonic sol-fa]] * [[Voyage to Faremido]] * [[Ro jezyk]] ==Iztočniky== {{Iztočniky}} == Čitati dalje == * {{Cite book|last=Sudre|first=François|year=1866|title=Langue Musicale Universelle|url=http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/ladosol.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070831060525if_/http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/ladosol.html|archive-date=2007-08-31|publication-place=Paris|language=fr}} – HTML verzija celogo teksta Sudreovogo toma iz 1866, s originalnym [https://web.archive.org/web/20070831061613if_/http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/lrls_sosfs.html slovnikom] i [https://web.archive.org/web/20080310234035/http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/solrelaF.html frazeologijom] (v francozskom). * {{Cite book|last1=Couturat|first1=Louis|last2=Leau|first2=Léopold|year=1903|title=Histoire de la Langue Universelle|url=https://archive.org/details/histoiredelalang00coutuoft|publisher=Librairie Hachette|publication-place=[[Paris]]|language=fr|access-date=2025-11-28|df=mdy-all}} * {{Cite book|last=Eco|first=Umberto|author-link=Umberto Eco|date=1997-04-08|title=The Search for the Perfect Language|url=https://archive.org/details/searchforperfect00ecou|publisher=[[Wiley-Blackwell]]|publication-place=[[Cambridge, Massachusetts|Cambridge, Mass.]]|edition=1|series=The Making of Europe|isbn=978-0-631-20510-4|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}} ==Vněšnje linky== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20191115021254if_/https://www.omniglot.com/writing/solresol.htm Solresol jezyk i stenografično pismo] na Omniglot, online enciklopediji sistemov pisanja i jezykov * Anglijsko-Solresol slovniky od [https://web.archive.org/web/20250121193252if_/http://www.datapacrat.com/True/LANG/SOLRESOL/DICTIONA.HTM Jasona Hutchensa] (6 julija 1998) i [https://web.archive.org/web/20100923132246if_/http://www.ifost.org.au/~gregb/solresol/sorsolex.htm Stephena L. Ricea] (19 novembra 1997) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20231130083816if_/http://sharyphil.com/root/solresol-the-project/ SolReSol: Projekt v0.95] od Phila Sharyja, open source Solresol–anglijsky i anglijsky–Solresol překladateľsky program za Windows (32- i 64-bitny) s live MIDI podporom (24 februara 2015) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20250818235352if_/https://wiki.xxiivv.com/site/solresol.html Moderny Simetričny Solresol] od Davida Mondou-Labbého (28 septembra 2023) * [https://eliseduv.dev/solresol/ Překladač Anglijsky↔Solresol] {{Umětne jezyky}} [[Kategorija:1827 introdukcije]] [[Kategorija:Analitične jezyky]] [[Kategorija:Konstruovane jezyky]] [[Kategorija:Medžunarodne pomočne jezyky]] [[Kategorija:jezyky potvrđene od 1820-tyh]] [[Kategorija:muzikalne jezyky]] ndg8q4gsrpfl8hl6keri90iruavourm 45661 45660 2026-08-13T11:10:34Z Ilja isv 10 45661 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kartka jezyk | name = Solresol | nativename = <center>''[[solfedžio]]'': Sol-Re-Sol</center> | image = Solresol-langage.svg | created = 1827 | creator = [[François Sudre|{{-|François Sudre|Франсуа Судр}}]] | fam1 = [[umětne jezyky]] | fam2 = [[Pomočny jezyk]], [[Umětne jezyky#A priori|a priori]] | fam3 = [[muzikalny jezyk]] | posteriori = [[Umětne jezyky#A priori|a priori]] | script = [[Solresol#pismo Solresol|pismo Solresol]]; [[solfedžio]]; [[noty]]; [[barvy spektra]] | sign = Podpisana notacija; [[tonic sol-fa]] znaky od [[John Curwen]] | iso3 = qso | iso3comment = [https://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/ (lokalno koristane)] | glotto = none | ietf = [https://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/ art-x-solresol] }} '''Solresol''' ([[solfedžio]]: [[G (muzikalna nota)|Sol]]-[[D (muzikalna nota)|Re]]-[[G (muzikalna nota)|Sol]]), prvonačelno nazyvany {{Lang|fr|Langue universelle}} (bukv. 'Universalny jezyk') a potom {{Lang|fr|Langue musicale universelle}} ('Universalny muzikalny jezyk'), je [[muzikalny jezyk|muzikalny]] [[umětny jezyk]] stvorjeny francuzskim učiteljem muziky i kompozitorom [[Jean-François Sudre|{{-|Jean'om-François Sudre|Жаном-Франсуа Судром}}]] (1787–1862), načinajuči od lěta 1817. Njegova kniga, kde oprědjeljaje se {{Lang|fr|Langue Musicale Universelle}}, byla publikovana posmrtno v lětu 1866,<ref name="lmu1866">{{Cite book|last=Sudre|first=François|year=1866|title=Langue Musicale Universelle|url=https://www.ifost.org.au/~gregb/solresol/sudre-book.pdf|format=PDF|url-status=live|publication-place=[[Paris]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320142510if_/http://www.ifost.org.au/~gregb/solresol/sudre-book.pdf|archive-date=2012-03-20|archive-format=PDF|language=fr|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> hoti on uže několik lět prěd tym o tom publikoval članky. Solresol doživil kratky čas popularnosti vo vtoroj polovině 19. stolětja i dostaval finansovu poddržku od takyh osob kako [[Victor Hugo|Viktor Hugo]], [[Alphonse de Lamartine|Alfons de Lamartin]], [[Alexander von Humboldt|Aleksander fon Humboldt]] i [[Napoleon III|Napoleon {{-|III}}|]],<ref name="pei">{{Cite book|last=Pei|first=Mario|author-link=Mario Pei|year=1969|title=Wanted: A World Language|type=Pamphlet|series=Public Affairs|volume=434|pages=11–12|publisher=Public Affairs Committee|publication-place=[[New York City]]|url=http://www.autodidactproject.org/other/pei_worldlg.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180125230417if_/http://www.autodidactproject.org/other/pei_worldlg.html|archive-date=2018-01-25|access-date=2025-11-28|df=mdy-all}}</ref> kulminacijeju čego se stala Publikacija [[Boleslas Gajewski|Boleslasa Gajewskogo]] {{Lang|fr|Grammaire du Solresol}} v lětu 1902. Dnes jestvujut male skupny entiziastov Solresola, razsypane po cělomu světu.<ref name="sidosi">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|title=Sidosi Home|url=https://www.sidosi.org/|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004090845if_/https://www.sidosi.org/|archive-date=2023-10-04|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> == Evolucija == Postoji několik verzij Solresola, každá s malymi razlikami. Tri glavne varijacije ktore su ješte v oběgu—Sudre, Gajewski i "Modern"—razlikuju se pretežno v različnyh elementah slovnika, a složaju se pretežno o gramatike. Sudre je stvoril jezyk, i tako njegova verzija zaslužuje nazv byti originalnom verzijom Solresola. Vincent Gajewski, parizsky profesor, popularizoval jezyk jako predsednik Centralnogo Komiteta za Studium i Napredovanje Solresola, ktory był osnovan v 1869 od Sudreove udovy, Joséphine, da bi dalje promoviral njegovo dělo. Boleslas Gajewski, Vincentov syn i sam profesor, formalizoval gramatiku i napisal definitivno dělo o jezyka: {{Lang|fr|Grammaire du Solrésol}} (Gramatika Solresola).<ref name="grammar_eng">{{Cite web|last1=Gajewski|first1=Boleslas|last2=Rice|first2=Stephen L.|date=1997-11-19|orig-date=printed 1902 as {{-|Grammaire du Solrésol}}, translated 1997|title=Grammar of Solresol, or the Universal Language of François Sudre | url = http://www.ptialaska.net/~srice/solresol/sorsoeng.htm | website = Stephen L. Rice: The Solresol Page | url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070413035441if_/http://www.ptialaska.net/~srice/solresol/sorsoeng.htm|archive-date=2007-04-13|access-date=2019-09-29| ref = {{sfnref|Gramatika|2005}}}}</ref><ref name="grammar_pdf">{{Cite web|last=Gajewski|first=Boleslas|editor-last1=Rice|editor-first1=Stephen L.|editor-last2=Bigham|editor-first2=Doug|year=2005|orig-date=printed 1902 as {{-|Grammaire du Solrésol}}, translated 1997 (Rice), revised 2005 (Bigham)|title=Grammar of Solresol, or the Universal Language of François Sudre|url=https://i.sidosi.org/resources/grammar-of-solresol-bigham/grammar-of-solresol-bigham.pdf|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217001045if_/https://i.sidosi.org/resources/grammar-of-solresol-bigham/grammar-of-solresol-bigham.pdf|archive-date=2019-12-17|access-date=2019-12-16}}</ref> To je najviše publicirana verzija Solresola, zahvaljujući překladu na anglijsky od Stephena L. Ricea iz 1997,<ref name="grammar_pdf"/><ref name="grammar_eng"/> s znatnom količinom slovnika izměnjenogo od originala, kao i něktore gramatike. Jedny priměr je slovo ''fasol'', definovano kao "tutaj" v Sudreovom slovniku, ale "začto?" v Gajewskom. Tretja je neoficijalna verzija razvijana vremenom od komunity, nazvana "Moderny Solresol". Ona koristi Sudreovu verziju kao bazu, s prilagodbami gramatike i slovnika, takimi jako izměna definicij ''sisol'' i ''sila'' od značenja "Gospodin" i "Mlady muž" na sistem [[honorifik|honorifikov]] inspiriran onym koristanym v japonščině; oba su rodno-neutralne titule, jedna za byti poštivy, a druga za byti ljubazny.<ref name="Modern Solresol Dictionary">{{Cite web|last1=Osteen|first1=Garrison|last2=Walters|first2=Scott|last3=Parson|first3=Daniel|last4=Fernandez|first4=Tobias|date=2018-03-12|title=Solresol Dictionary Modernised|url=https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/182okssrHseIggjHGlzWyFH81-o8y8EsvQtJfPJYu6r8/edit|format=XLSX|website=Google Sheets|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250829164017if_/https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/182okssrHseIggjHGlzWyFH81-o8y8EsvQtJfPJYu6r8/edit|archive-date=2025-08-29|archive-format=XLSX|access-date=2019-12-22|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Gajewskogo publikacija donesla razne dodatky ktore ne konfliktu s originalnom verzijom jezyka, taki jako razne nove metody komunikacije,{{sfn|Gramatika|2005|p=16}} vključujući: skup symbolov koristane sedmih barv duhy, i koristane [[tonic sol-fa]] za signiranje jezyka ==Fonologija== [[File:Solresol.svg|thumb|right|Sedm konvencionalnyh not, barv, sylab, čisel i glifov koristanyh za prenos fonemov Solresola]] Solresol może być komunikovany koristajući sedm različnyh predmetov, s maksimumom pet na slovo. Statistički, ty kombinacije daju sedm jedno-sylabnyh slov, 49 dvuh-sylabnyh, 336 tri-sylabnyh, 2.268 četyr-sylabnyh i 9.072 pet-sylabnyh, za ukupno 11.732 mogućih primarnyh slov.<ref name="pei" /> Glavna metoda komunikacije je koristane sedmih [[solfedžio]] sylab (forma [[solmizacija|solmizacije]]), ktore mogu byti akcentovane, prodloužene ili ponovljene. Najprostši način koristati ty sylaby je govoriti ih jako by one byly regularne [[sylaba|sylaby]]. {{Trěba iztočnik|Zbog togo že predchádza [[Medžunarodny fonetičny alfabet|MFA]], ne postoje posebna pravila izgovora izvan standardnyh čitanj solfège. Zbog togo že vsaka sylaba je dovoljno odlična, mogu byti izgovorjene skoro vsakym sposobom, ktory čitatej preferuje.}} Sudre je izložil način transkripcije fonetiky francozskogo (i tako mnogih drugih jezykov) do Solresola, primarno koristany za vlastne imenice.{{r|lmu1866|p=32}} Koristajući občne izgovory kako su dane od strane [[Vikislovnik|Vikislovnika]], je moguće rekonstruovati tabulu glasov koristajući modernu MFA. Zbog malog broja sylab, je potrebno ostaviti kratku pauzu medźu slovami tako da vsako slovo ostane jasno odvojeno. Kako je primetil Boleslas Gajewski: "člověk bi měl věnovati veliku pozornost pauzi po vsakom slovu; ta mala pauza je potrebna za odvajanje slov, tako da slušatelj ne bude zbunjen".{{R|grammar_eng|p=Reversed meanings}} ===Slovnik=== V Solresol [[morfologija (lingvistika)|morfologiji]], vsako slovo je poděleno na kategorije ili značenja ili funkcije, gdźe duža slova su občno specifičnjejša. Slova se razlikuju po treh glavnyh karakteristikah: početnoj sylabě, dužině slova, i tomu da li ima par ponovljenih sylab. Slova koja su jedna i dve sylaby duge su koristana za [[Zaimennik|zaimenniky]] i občne [[Gramatična čestica|čestice]], a ty s ponovljenimi sylabami su [[Gramatično vreme|vremena]]. Slova koja su jednu sylabu duga su posvećena slovima ktora su često koristana (v času stvorenja Solresola). Ty ktore uključuju ponavljajuće sylaby su rezervovane za "čisla, měsece goda, dni neděle i temperatury [pogodne uslove]", na pr. redodo "jedny", remimi "dva" (po Gajewskom). Slova koja su četyri sylaby duga spadaju v razne tematske kategorije. Na pr., slova počinjuća s 'sol', koja ne uključuju ponovljene sylaby, imaju značenja vezana za umetnosti ili nauky (na pr. soldoredo, "umetnost"; solmiredo, "akustika").{{r|lmu1866|p=22.V}} Však, ako slova koja su četyri sylaby duga imaju par ponovljenih sylab, njihova značenja se odnose na bolesti ili medicinu (na pr. solsolredo, "migrena"; solreresol, "ospice").{{r|lmu1866|p=23.VI}} Točnjejše, klase bez ponovljenih sylab su: ''do'': člověk, njegovo tělo i duh, intelektualne sposobnosti, kvalitete i hrana; ''re'': odeća, dom, domaćinstvo i porodica; ''mi'': činjenja človeka i njegove mane; ''fa'': selo, putovanja, vojna, more; ''sol'': lepe umetnosti i nauky; ''la'': industrija i trgovina; ''si'': město, vlada i administracija. S ponovljenimi sylabami, iste sylaby daju: ''do'': religija; ''re'': konstrukcija i razne obrti; ''mi'': predlogi, prislovne fraze i izolovane prislovy; ''fa'': bolesti; ''sol'': bolesti (nast.); ''la'': industrija i trgovina (jako u tipu bez ponavljanja); ''si'': pravda, magistratura i sudovi. Konačno, kombinacije pet sylab označavaju životinje, rośliny i minerale. Po defaultu, vse žive imenice i zaimenniky podrazuměvaju da su mužskogo roda. Za razlikovanje ženskogo roda, bar, [[pomišljaj|pomišljaj]] ili [[makron (diakritika)|makron]] se dodaje na konačnu sylabu odgovarajućeg člena ili samogo slova. V govoru, to se označava ponavljanjem vokala sylaby, s [[glotalna stop|glotalnom stopom]] koja odvaja ponovljenu vokalu od ostatka slova.{{r|lmu1866|p=24}} Však, v modernyh překladah, zaimenniky se ne měnje v zavisnosti od [[Gramatičny rod|roda]]. Umesto toga, oni se prosto prevode na anglijsky kao neutralne zaimenniky; it i they. Jedna unikatna karakteristika Solresola je da značenja mogu byti obrnuta obrtanjem sylab v slovah. Na pr. ''fala'' znači dobro ili ukusno, a ''lafa'' znači zlo. Prekidi v logičkom poredu slov v vsakoj kategoriji su občno uzrokovani tymi obrtivymi slovami.{{r|lmu1866|p=31.XXI}} {| style="background: transparent; border: hidden;" | style="padding: 0 2em;" | {| class="wikitable" | [[File:Solresol - misol.jpg|x88px]] | [[File:Solresol - solmi.jpg|x88px]] |- | style="text-align: center;" | '''misol''': "dobro" | style="text-align: center;" | '''solmi''': "zlo" |} | style="padding-left: 2em;" | {| class="wikitable" | [[File:Solresol - domisol.jpg|x88px]] | [[File:Solresol - solmido.jpg|x88px]] |- | style="text-align: center;" | '''domisol''': "[[Bog]]" | style="text-align: center;" | '''solmido''': "[[Djavol]]" |} |} Však, ne vsa slova su obrtiva v tom smyslu, taki jako ''dorefare'' znači vrat, a ''refaredo'' znači garderoba, ktore očigledno nisu suprotnosti. Slědujuća tabula pokazuje slova do dvuh sylab iz Gajewskogo slovnika: {| class="wikitable" ! {{Diagonal split header|style=height: 3em; width: 7em|1. syl.|2. syl.}} ! ''Nijedna'' ! style="background-color: #f69;" | -do ! style="background-color: #f96;" | -re ! style="background-color: #ff9;" | -mi ! style="background-color: #9f6;" | -fa ! style="background-color: #9ff;" | -sol ! style="background-color: #96f;" | -la ! style="background-color: #f9f;" | -si/-ti |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #f69;" | Do- | style="background-color: #f69;" | ne, ni, niti | style="background-color: #f69;" | (prošlo) | ja, mene || ty [sg] || on || se, sebe || jedny, někto || drugy |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #f96;" | Re- | style="background-color: #f96;" | i, tak jako | moj, moje | style="background-color: #f96;" | (pluperfekt) | tvoj, tvoje [sg] || njegov || naš, naše || vaš, vaše [pl] || njihov |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #ff9;" | Mi- | style="background-color: #ff9;" | ili, ili čak | za, da bi/da || ktory, koja (odnos. zaim.), že (veznik) | style="background-color: #ff9;" | (buduće) | čij, čija || dobro (prisl.) || tutaj je/tu je, gle || dobar večer/noć |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #9f6;" | Fa- | style="background-color: #9f6;" | k, ka | što? || s, sa, zajedno || ovaj, ova, ovo | style="background-color: #9f6;" | (kond.) | začto, iz kog razloga || dobro, ukusno, slasno || mnogo, velmi, krajno |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #9ff;" | Sol- | style="background-color: #9ff;" | ako | ale || v, unutra || zlo, loše (prisl.) || zato, jer | style="background-color: #9ff;" | (imperativ) | věčno, vsegda, bez konca || hvala, hvaly |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #96f;" | <span style="color: #000;">La-</span> | style="background-color: #96f;" | <span style="color: #000;">ty (člen)</span> | ničto, nikto, nijedny || od, po || tutaj, tam || zlo, loše || nikogda, nikad | style="background-color: #96f;" | <span style="color: #000;">(prezentni participij)</span> || od, iz |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #f9f;"| Si-/Ti- | style="background-color: #f9f;" | da, dobro, rado, složeno | isto (stvar) | vsaky, každy | dobro jutro/popoldne | malo, jedva |gospodin, pan |mlady muž, neženja | style="background-color: #f9f;" | <span style="color: #000;">(pasivny participij)</span> |} Određeny člen ima razne forme za [[Nominativ|nominativny]], [[Genitiv|genitivny]] i [[Dativ|dativny]] padež, ili, v anglijskom, za "the", "to the" i "of the": 'la', 'fa' i 'lasi', po redu.{{r|lmu1866|p=23-24.VII-VIII}} ==Gramatika== Osim naglaska i dužiny, slova Solresola se ne inflektuju. Da bi rečenice ostale jasne, posebno s mogućnošću gubitka informacij pri komunikaciji, odredjene časti řeči sleduju strog slovored. :Prěvjesniki vsegda sleduju imenicu ktoru određuju. :Nepremni objekty vsegda dolaze poslě glagola.{{r|lmu1866|p=26.XII}} :Priměry dane v originalnoj dokumentaciji ukazuju na [[subjekt–glagol–objekt slovored|slovored subjekt–glagol–objekt]],{{R|lmu1866|p=29.XVII}} však, to ne bi mělo imati značenje dok rečenica ostaje prosta i jasna. :Vremena vsegda prethode glagolom.{{r|lmu1866|p=30.XIX}} Da bi se slovo stvorilo u množini, [[akút|akútny naglasak]] se dodaje iznad poslednje sylaby, ktory se v govoru izgovara produženjem poslednje bukvy te sylaby.{{r|lmu1866|p=24.IX}} Priměry kako označiti množinu mužskih i ženskih slov: :''resimire'' brat, ''resimirē/resimire-e'' sestra :''resimiré'' bracia, ''resimiréē/resimiré-e'' sestry To utiče samo na prvo slovo v [[imenična fraza|imeničnoj frazi]]. To jest, utiče samo na imenicu kada je imenica sama, jako iznad. Ako je slovo popraćeno gramatičkom česticom (la, fa ili lasi), čestica će nositi oznaku roda i/ili broja umesto toga: :''la resimire'' [ty] brat, ''lā/la-a resimire'' [ta] sestra :''lá resimire'' [ty] bracia, ''láā/lá-a resimire'' [ty] sestry Časti řeči (jako i specifičnjejše definicije za něktora slova) se izvode iz glagol postavljanjem [[cirkumfleks|cirkumfleksa]] iznad jedne od sylab v pisanju, i izgovaranjem te sylaby s [[Glossary of music terminology#R|rinforzando]] (iznenadny naglasak ili [[Dynamics (music)#Gradual changes|crescendo]]). S naglaskom postavljenim na prvu sylabu, slovo postaje imenica. V četyri-sylabnyh slovah, naglašavanje druge sylaby stvara imenicu činitelja. [[Penult]]imna sylaba stvara prěvjesnik, a poslednja stvara prislov.{{r|lmu1866|p=25.XI}} Na pr., :''midofa'' preferovati, ''mîdofa'' preferencija, ''midôfa'' preferabilny, ''midofâ'' preferabilno :''resolmila'' nastaviti, ''rêsolmila'' nastavjenje, ''resôlmila'' jedny ktory nastavlja, ''resolmîla'' staly, ''resolmilâ'' stalno Na kompjuteryh koristajući rasporede klavijatur bez cirkumfleksa, sylaba może być napisana velikimi bukvami, ili [[caret]] postavljen medźu bukvy sylaby ili poslě sylaby. Zbog gramatike i slovoreda Solresola, razlikovanje častij řeči občno nije potrebno za razuměnje rečenice. Razne [[tense–aspect–mood|vremensko-načinske]] čestice su dvojne sylaby, kako je dato u slovniku iznad. Dodatno, po Gajewskom, pasivne glagoly se tvore s ''faremi'' medźu tom česticom i glagolom. Subjunktiv se tvori s ''mire'' pred zaimennikom. Negacija ''do'' se pojavljuje samo jednom v klauzi, pred slovom koje negira. Slovo ''fasi'' pred imenicom ili prěvjesnikom je [[augmentativ|augmentativno]]; poslě njega je [[Degrees of comparison of adjectives and adverbs|superlativ]]. ''Sifa'' je suprotnost ([[diminutiv|diminutivno]]):{{r|lmu1866|p=21.III}} :''fala'' dobro, ''fasi fala'' velmi dobro, ''fala fasi'' odlično, najbolje; ''sifa fala'' dobro (ali ne odlično), ''fala sifa'' ne velmi dobro (i slično s ''lafa'' zlo) :''sisire'' vjetar, ''fasi sisire'' oluja, ''sisire fasi'' ciklon; ''sifa sisire'' povjetarac, ''sisire sifa'' kretanje vazduha Pitanja Pitanja v Solresolu ne dobijaju mnogo pažnje u originalnoj dokumentaciji, niti imaju mnogo priměrov. Sudreova publikacija uključuje tri priměra upitnyh rečenic:{{r|lmu1866|p=127}} :Je vaše zdravlje dobro? – Redofafa? :Hoćete li ići na selo ove godine? – Fadoremi? :Hoćete li ići u pozorište večeras? – Soldoremi? Da bi se to stvorilo kao potvrdna izjava, dodaje se osobny zaimennik poslě: :Moje zdravlje je dobro. – Redofafa dore. :Ići ću na selo ove godine. – Fadoremi dore. :Ići ću u pozorište večeras. – Soldoremi dore. Gajewski umesto toga postavlja subjekt rečenice poslě glagola umesto pred glagolom, konstrukcija občna v evropskih jezycich. Nektery priměry su:{{R|grammar_eng|p=Interrogation and Negation}} :Jesam li? – Faremi dore? :Razumije li on? – Falafa dofa? :Učite li? – Sidosi domi? V vsih verzijah jezyka, postoje slova četyri sylaby duga, ponovljena "Mi" sekcija slovnika koja uključuje neka občna pitanja, taki jako:{{r|lmu1866|p=109.123}} :Miladodo? – Do kogo stepena/mjere? :Milarere? – Dobro? :Misirere? – Kto je to? ==Pismo Solresol== [[File:Solresol symbols.svg|thumb|Simboly Solresola]] Pismo koristano v Solresolu sastoji se od sedmih unikatnyh symbolov, vsaky predstavljajući jednu od sedmih "not". Na pr., "[[C (muzikalna nota)|Do]]" je krug, a "[[G (muzikalna nota)|Sol]]" je horizontalna linija. Slova Solresola se tvore povezivanjem symbolov v poredu kako se pojavljuju v slovu. Dvojne note se predstavljaju križanjem symbola. [[File:Solresol words.svg|thumb|Něktore osnovne slova Solresola]] Druge karakteristike Nepristrasny i relativno prosty Integrovane sistemy ([[znakovny jezyk|znakovny jezyk]], barvy, itd.) za većinu [[invaliditet|ometenj]], odmah operativne bez posebnogo učenja Brzo uspěšno učenje za nepismene (samo sedm sylab ili znakov ili deset bukv za znati i prepoznati) Vrlo prosty ali efektivny sistem za razlikovanje funkcij slov v rečenicah Koristajući [[tonic sol-fa]] sistem od [[John Curwen|Johna Curwena]], Solresol może też być [[znakovny jezyk|znakovano]]. Daljnji razvoj Drugi način koristania Solresola se naziva ''ses'', razvijen od [[C. George Boeree|C. Georgea Boereea]].<ref name="loan_words">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|title=Using loan words in Solresol|url=https://www.tumblr.com/sidosi/181390815161/using-loan-words-in-solresol|website=Tumblr|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251128152044if_/https://www.tumblr.com/sidosi/181390815161/using-loan-words-in-solresol|archive-date=2025-11-28|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Koristajući to, note dobijaju reprezentativne konsonante i vokale (ili diftongy). Najprostša slova koriste samo vokalu, dok vsa druga koriste složenjejšu strukturu sylab. do ⇒ p / o re ⇒ k / e mi ⇒ m / i fa ⇒ f / a sol ⇒ s / u la ⇒ l / au ti ⇒ t / ai Na ovaj način, można pisati ili izgovarati slova taki jako to: : sol-sol-re-do ⇒ suko (cvcv) – migrena Zato što se množina i ženske forme slov u Solresolu označavaju naglaskom ili dužinom glasov, ses koristi ''pau'' (nektory) ili ''fai'' (mnogo) za označavanje množiny, i ''mu'' (dobro) za označavanje ženskogo roda kogda je potrebno. == Kodiranje == Zahtev za [[ISO 639-3]] jezykovy kod, privremeno predloženy jako {{Code|sud}}, był upućen [[SIL Global|SIL-u]] 28 avgusta 2017,<ref name="sil_change">{{Cite web|author=SIL International|author-link=SIL Global|date=2017-08-28|title=ISO 639-3 Registration Authority Request for Change No. 2017-032|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032.pdf|website=ISO 639-3|publication-place=[[Dallas]]|format=PDF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605171450if_/https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032.pdf|archive-date=2019-06-05|archive-format=PDF|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="sil_new">{{Cite web|author=SIL International|author-link=SIL Global|date=2017-08-28|title=Request for New Language Code Element in ISO 639-3: [sud]|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032_sud.pdf|website=ISO 639-3|publication-place=[[Dallas]]|format=PDF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605171450if_/https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032_sud.pdf|archive-date=2019-06-05|archive-format=PDF|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="sidosi_request">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|date=2017-07-28|title=The Road to ISO 639-3|url=https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=310|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230829154231if_/https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=310|archive-date=2023-08-29|access-date=2018-10-22|df=mdy-all}}</ref> ale był odrinuły 23 janvara 2018.<ref name="sil_rejection">{{Cite web|author=SIL International|author-link=SIL Global|date=2018-01-23|title=Comments received for ISO 639-3 Change Request 2017-032|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/CR_Comments_2017-032.pdf|website=ISO 639-3|publication-place=[[Dallas]]|format=PDF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605171452if_/https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/CR_Comments_2017-032.pdf|archive-date=2019-06-05|archive-format=PDF|page=2|access-date=2019-09-27|df=mdy-all|quote=Zahtev za stvorenje koda [sud] za Solresol je odrinuły.}}</ref><ref name="sidosi_rejection">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|date=2018-02-01|title=Beyond ISO 639-3 (for now)|url=https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=350|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230829153926if_/https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=350|archive-date=2023-08-29|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Solresol je dobil kody {{Code|qso}} i {{Code|art-x-solresol}} v [[Codes for constructed languages|ConLang Code Registry]].<ref name="clcr">{{Cite web|last=Bettencourt|first=Rebecca G.|date=2015-01-08|title=ConLang Code Registry|url=https://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/|website=Kreative Korporation|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221127152005if_/http://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/|archive-date=2022-11-27|access-date=2021-04-06|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Sedm osnovnyh symbolov bylo predloženo za registraciju v [[ConScript Unicode Registry]].<ref name="csur">{{Cite web|last=Everson|first=Michael|author-link=Michael Everson|date=1997-01-21|title=Solresol: U+E770–U+E77F|url=https://www.evertype.com/standards/csur/solresol.html|website=ConScript Unicode Registry|publisher=Evertype|publication-place=[[Lecanvey]], [[Ireland]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417191120if_/https://www.evertype.com/standards/csur/solresol.html|archive-date=2021-04-17|access-date=2021-04-06|df=mdy-all}}</ref> == Priměrne teksty == ; Članok 1 ''[[Universalna deklaracija prav člověka|Universalnoj deklaracija prav člověka]]'' na medžuslovjanskom : ''Vsi ljudi rodet se svobodnymi i ravnymi v svojem dostojenstvu i pravah. Oni sut obdarjene razumom i svědomjem i muset postupati v odnošenju jedin k drugomu v duhu bratstva.'' ; Prěvod na Solresol : Siré misolredo faremi doredore domisimi re misóla, solfalafá dósila re réfasi. Dófa faremi remila fare dômilafa re dôfasifa, re fafa fasolfa midolǎ fare dômisola lasi sîmisila. ; Predstavjeno koristajuči ''ses'' Solresol : Sé muro fem pepe omúm e múl, salá ósau e éfai. Óf fem ril fe ômauf e ôfaif, e fa fuf ipǎu fe ômul lai âimail. == Gledite takože == * [[muzikalny jezyk]] * [[solfedžio]] * [[Tonic sol-fa]] * [[Voyage to Faremido]] * [[Ro jezyk]] ==Iztočniky== {{Iztočniky}} == Čitati dalje == * {{Cite book|last=Sudre|first=François|year=1866|title=Langue Musicale Universelle|url=http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/ladosol.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070831060525if_/http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/ladosol.html|archive-date=2007-08-31|publication-place=Paris|language=fr}} – HTML verzija celogo teksta Sudreovogo toma iz 1866, s originalnym [https://web.archive.org/web/20070831061613if_/http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/lrls_sosfs.html slovnikom] i [https://web.archive.org/web/20080310234035/http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/solrelaF.html frazeologijom] (v francozskom). * {{Cite book|last1=Couturat|first1=Louis|last2=Leau|first2=Léopold|year=1903|title=Histoire de la Langue Universelle|url=https://archive.org/details/histoiredelalang00coutuoft|publisher=Librairie Hachette|publication-place=[[Paris]]|language=fr|access-date=2025-11-28|df=mdy-all}} * {{Cite book|last=Eco|first=Umberto|author-link=Umberto Eco|date=1997-04-08|title=The Search for the Perfect Language|url=https://archive.org/details/searchforperfect00ecou|publisher=[[Wiley-Blackwell]]|publication-place=[[Cambridge, Massachusetts|Cambridge, Mass.]]|edition=1|series=The Making of Europe|isbn=978-0-631-20510-4|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}} ==Vněšnje linky== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20191115021254if_/https://www.omniglot.com/writing/solresol.htm Solresol jezyk i stenografično pismo] na Omniglot, online enciklopediji sistemov pisanja i jezykov * Anglijsko-Solresol slovniky od [https://web.archive.org/web/20250121193252if_/http://www.datapacrat.com/True/LANG/SOLRESOL/DICTIONA.HTM Jasona Hutchensa] (6 julija 1998) i [https://web.archive.org/web/20100923132246if_/http://www.ifost.org.au/~gregb/solresol/sorsolex.htm Stephena L. Ricea] (19 novembra 1997) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20231130083816if_/http://sharyphil.com/root/solresol-the-project/ SolReSol: Projekt v0.95] od Phila Sharyja, open source Solresol–anglijsky i anglijsky–Solresol překladateľsky program za Windows (32- i 64-bitny) s live MIDI podporom (24 februara 2015) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20250818235352if_/https://wiki.xxiivv.com/site/solresol.html Moderny Simetričny Solresol] od Davida Mondou-Labbého (28 septembra 2023) * [https://eliseduv.dev/solresol/ Překladač Anglijsky↔Solresol] {{Umětne jezyky}} [[Kategorija:1827 introdukcije]] [[Kategorija:Analitične jezyky]] [[Kategorija:Konstruovane jezyky]] [[Kategorija:Medžunarodne pomočne jezyky]] [[Kategorija:jezyky potvrđene od 1820-tyh]] [[Kategorija:muzikalne jezyky]] e7fndctsgq3p3e8nj1rewmf8lu9oj41 45662 45661 2026-08-13T11:25:09Z Ilja isv 10 /* Evolucija */ 45662 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kartka jezyk | name = Solresol | nativename = <center>''[[solfedžio]]'': Sol-Re-Sol</center> | image = Solresol-langage.svg | created = 1827 | creator = [[François Sudre|{{-|François Sudre|Франсуа Судр}}]] | fam1 = [[umětne jezyky]] | fam2 = [[Pomočny jezyk]], [[Umětne jezyky#A priori|a priori]] | fam3 = [[muzikalny jezyk]] | posteriori = [[Umětne jezyky#A priori|a priori]] | script = [[Solresol#pismo Solresol|pismo Solresol]]; [[solfedžio]]; [[noty]]; [[barvy spektra]] | sign = Podpisana notacija; [[tonic sol-fa]] znaky od [[John Curwen]] | iso3 = qso | iso3comment = [https://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/ (lokalno koristane)] | glotto = none | ietf = [https://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/ art-x-solresol] }} '''Solresol''' ([[solfedžio]]: [[G (muzikalna nota)|Sol]]-[[D (muzikalna nota)|Re]]-[[G (muzikalna nota)|Sol]]), prvonačelno nazyvany {{Lang|fr|Langue universelle}} (bukv. 'Universalny jezyk') a potom {{Lang|fr|Langue musicale universelle}} ('Universalny muzikalny jezyk'), je [[muzikalny jezyk|muzikalny]] [[umětny jezyk]] stvorjeny francuzskim učiteljem muziky i kompozitorom [[Jean-François Sudre|{{-|Jean'om-François Sudre|Жаном-Франсуа Судром}}]] (1787–1862), načinajuči od lěta 1817. Njegova kniga, kde oprědjeljaje se {{Lang|fr|Langue Musicale Universelle}}, byla publikovana posmrtno v lětu 1866,<ref name="lmu1866">{{Cite book|last=Sudre|first=François|year=1866|title=Langue Musicale Universelle|url=https://www.ifost.org.au/~gregb/solresol/sudre-book.pdf|format=PDF|url-status=live|publication-place=[[Paris]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320142510if_/http://www.ifost.org.au/~gregb/solresol/sudre-book.pdf|archive-date=2012-03-20|archive-format=PDF|language=fr|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> hoti on uže několik lět prěd tym o tom publikoval članky. Solresol doživil kratky čas popularnosti vo vtoroj polovině 19. stolětja i dostaval finansovu poddržku od takyh osob kako [[Victor Hugo|Viktor Hugo]], [[Alphonse de Lamartine|Alfons de Lamartin]], [[Alexander von Humboldt|Aleksander fon Humboldt]] i [[Napoleon III|Napoleon {{-|III}}|]],<ref name="pei">{{Cite book|last=Pei|first=Mario|author-link=Mario Pei|year=1969|title=Wanted: A World Language|type=Pamphlet|series=Public Affairs|volume=434|pages=11–12|publisher=Public Affairs Committee|publication-place=[[New York City]]|url=http://www.autodidactproject.org/other/pei_worldlg.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180125230417if_/http://www.autodidactproject.org/other/pei_worldlg.html|archive-date=2018-01-25|access-date=2025-11-28|df=mdy-all}}</ref> kulminacijeju čego se stala Publikacija [[Boleslas Gajewski|Boleslasa Gajewskogo]] {{Lang|fr|Grammaire du Solresol}} v lětu 1902. Dnes jestvujut male skupny entiziastov Solresola, razsypane po cělomu světu.<ref name="sidosi">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|title=Sidosi Home|url=https://www.sidosi.org/|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004090845if_/https://www.sidosi.org/|archive-date=2023-10-04|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> == Evolucija == Jestvuje několiko versij Solresola, každa s malymi razlikami. Tri glavne varijacije, ktore sut ješče v obratu — Sudrova, Gajewskogo i "Moderna"— različajut se glavno v različnyh elementah slovnika, ale zajednoimajut suglas o gramatikě. {{-|Sudre|Судр}} je stvoril jezyk, i zato njegova versija zasluživaje se nazyvati prvonačelnoju versijeju Solresola. Vincent Gajewski, parižsky profesor, popularizoval jezyk kako prědsědnik Centralnogo Komiteta za Izučanje i Sovršenstvovanje Solresola, ktory byl osnovan v lětu 1869 vdovoju Sudra Žozefinoju, da by dalje promotovati jego dělo. Boleslas Gajewski, syn Vincenta i sam profesor, formalizoval gramatiku i napisal oprěděljajuči dělo o jezyku: {{Lang|fr|Grammaire du Solrésol}} (Gramatika Solresola).<ref name="grammar_eng">{{Cite web|last1=Gajewski|first1=Boleslas|last2=Rice|first2=Stephen L.|date=1997-11-19|orig-date=printed 1902 as {{-|Grammaire du Solrésol}}, translated 1997|title=Grammar of Solresol, or the Universal Language of François Sudre | url = http://www.ptialaska.net/~srice/solresol/sorsoeng.htm | website = Stephen L. Rice: The Solresol Page | url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070413035441if_/http://www.ptialaska.net/~srice/solresol/sorsoeng.htm|archive-date=2007-04-13|access-date=2019-09-29| ref = {{sfnref|Gramatika|2005}}}}</ref><ref name="grammar_pdf">{{Cite web|last=Gajewski|first=Boleslas|editor-last1=Rice|editor-first1=Stephen L.|editor-last2=Bigham|editor-first2=Doug|year=2005|orig-date=printed 1902 as {{-|Grammaire du Solrésol}}, translated 1997 (Rice), revised 2005 (Bigham)|title=Grammar of Solresol, or the Universal Language of François Sudre|url=https://i.sidosi.org/resources/grammar-of-solresol-bigham/grammar-of-solresol-bigham.pdf|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217001045if_/https://i.sidosi.org/resources/grammar-of-solresol-bigham/grammar-of-solresol-bigham.pdf|archive-date=2019-12-17|access-date=2019-12-16}}</ref> To je najčesto publikovana versija Solresola, blagodare prěkladu na anglijsky {{-|Stephena L. Rice'a|Стивена Л. Райса}}, sdělanogo v lětu 1997,<ref name="grammar_pdf"/><ref name="grammar_eng"/> so znatnoju čestju slovnika izměnjenoju odnositeljno originala, kako i s něktoroju gramatikoju. Jednym priměrom je slovo ''fasol'', definovano kako "tut" v Sudrovom slovniku, ale kako "začto?" u Gajewskogo. Tretja je neoficijalna verzija razvijana vremenom od komunity, nazvana "Moderny Solresol". Ona koristi Sudreovu verziju kao bazu, s prilagodbami gramatike i slovnika, takimi jako izměna definicij ''sisol'' i ''sila'' od značenja "Gospodin" i "Mlady muž" na sistem [[honorifik|honorifikov]] inspiriran onym koristanym v japonščině; oba su rodno-neutralne titule, jedna za byti poštivy, a druga za byti ljubazny.<ref name="Modern Solresol Dictionary">{{Cite web|last1=Osteen|first1=Garrison|last2=Walters|first2=Scott|last3=Parson|first3=Daniel|last4=Fernandez|first4=Tobias|date=2018-03-12|title=Solresol Dictionary Modernised|url=https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/182okssrHseIggjHGlzWyFH81-o8y8EsvQtJfPJYu6r8/edit|format=XLSX|website=Google Sheets|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250829164017if_/https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/182okssrHseIggjHGlzWyFH81-o8y8EsvQtJfPJYu6r8/edit|archive-date=2025-08-29|archive-format=XLSX|access-date=2019-12-22|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Gajewskogo publikacija donesla razne dodatky ktore ne konfliktu s originalnom verzijom jezyka, taki jako razne nove metody komunikacije,{{sfn|Gramatika|2005|p=16}} vključujući: skup symbolov koristane sedmih barv duhy, i koristane [[tonic sol-fa]] za signiranje jezyka ==Fonologija== [[File:Solresol.svg|thumb|right|Sedm konvencionalnyh not, barv, sylab, čisel i glifov koristanyh za prenos fonemov Solresola]] Solresol może być komunikovany koristajući sedm različnyh predmetov, s maksimumom pet na slovo. Statistički, ty kombinacije daju sedm jedno-sylabnyh slov, 49 dvuh-sylabnyh, 336 tri-sylabnyh, 2.268 četyr-sylabnyh i 9.072 pet-sylabnyh, za ukupno 11.732 mogućih primarnyh slov.<ref name="pei" /> Glavna metoda komunikacije je koristane sedmih [[solfedžio]] sylab (forma [[solmizacija|solmizacije]]), ktore mogu byti akcentovane, prodloužene ili ponovljene. Najprostši način koristati ty sylaby je govoriti ih jako by one byly regularne [[sylaba|sylaby]]. {{Trěba iztočnik|Zbog togo že predchádza [[Medžunarodny fonetičny alfabet|MFA]], ne postoje posebna pravila izgovora izvan standardnyh čitanj solfège. Zbog togo že vsaka sylaba je dovoljno odlična, mogu byti izgovorjene skoro vsakym sposobom, ktory čitatej preferuje.}} Sudre je izložil način transkripcije fonetiky francozskogo (i tako mnogih drugih jezykov) do Solresola, primarno koristany za vlastne imenice.{{r|lmu1866|p=32}} Koristajući občne izgovory kako su dane od strane [[Vikislovnik|Vikislovnika]], je moguće rekonstruovati tabulu glasov koristajući modernu MFA. Zbog malog broja sylab, je potrebno ostaviti kratku pauzu medźu slovami tako da vsako slovo ostane jasno odvojeno. Kako je primetil Boleslas Gajewski: "člověk bi měl věnovati veliku pozornost pauzi po vsakom slovu; ta mala pauza je potrebna za odvajanje slov, tako da slušatelj ne bude zbunjen".{{R|grammar_eng|p=Reversed meanings}} ===Slovnik=== V Solresol [[morfologija (lingvistika)|morfologiji]], vsako slovo je poděleno na kategorije ili značenja ili funkcije, gdźe duža slova su občno specifičnjejša. Slova se razlikuju po treh glavnyh karakteristikah: početnoj sylabě, dužině slova, i tomu da li ima par ponovljenih sylab. Slova koja su jedna i dve sylaby duge su koristana za [[Zaimennik|zaimenniky]] i občne [[Gramatična čestica|čestice]], a ty s ponovljenimi sylabami su [[Gramatično vreme|vremena]]. Slova koja su jednu sylabu duga su posvećena slovima ktora su često koristana (v času stvorenja Solresola). Ty ktore uključuju ponavljajuće sylaby su rezervovane za "čisla, měsece goda, dni neděle i temperatury [pogodne uslove]", na pr. redodo "jedny", remimi "dva" (po Gajewskom). Slova koja su četyri sylaby duga spadaju v razne tematske kategorije. Na pr., slova počinjuća s 'sol', koja ne uključuju ponovljene sylaby, imaju značenja vezana za umetnosti ili nauky (na pr. soldoredo, "umetnost"; solmiredo, "akustika").{{r|lmu1866|p=22.V}} Však, ako slova koja su četyri sylaby duga imaju par ponovljenih sylab, njihova značenja se odnose na bolesti ili medicinu (na pr. solsolredo, "migrena"; solreresol, "ospice").{{r|lmu1866|p=23.VI}} Točnjejše, klase bez ponovljenih sylab su: ''do'': člověk, njegovo tělo i duh, intelektualne sposobnosti, kvalitete i hrana; ''re'': odeća, dom, domaćinstvo i porodica; ''mi'': činjenja človeka i njegove mane; ''fa'': selo, putovanja, vojna, more; ''sol'': lepe umetnosti i nauky; ''la'': industrija i trgovina; ''si'': město, vlada i administracija. S ponovljenimi sylabami, iste sylaby daju: ''do'': religija; ''re'': konstrukcija i razne obrti; ''mi'': predlogi, prislovne fraze i izolovane prislovy; ''fa'': bolesti; ''sol'': bolesti (nast.); ''la'': industrija i trgovina (jako u tipu bez ponavljanja); ''si'': pravda, magistratura i sudovi. Konačno, kombinacije pet sylab označavaju životinje, rośliny i minerale. Po defaultu, vse žive imenice i zaimenniky podrazuměvaju da su mužskogo roda. Za razlikovanje ženskogo roda, bar, [[pomišljaj|pomišljaj]] ili [[makron (diakritika)|makron]] se dodaje na konačnu sylabu odgovarajućeg člena ili samogo slova. V govoru, to se označava ponavljanjem vokala sylaby, s [[glotalna stop|glotalnom stopom]] koja odvaja ponovljenu vokalu od ostatka slova.{{r|lmu1866|p=24}} Však, v modernyh překladah, zaimenniky se ne měnje v zavisnosti od [[Gramatičny rod|roda]]. Umesto toga, oni se prosto prevode na anglijsky kao neutralne zaimenniky; it i they. Jedna unikatna karakteristika Solresola je da značenja mogu byti obrnuta obrtanjem sylab v slovah. Na pr. ''fala'' znači dobro ili ukusno, a ''lafa'' znači zlo. Prekidi v logičkom poredu slov v vsakoj kategoriji su občno uzrokovani tymi obrtivymi slovami.{{r|lmu1866|p=31.XXI}} {| style="background: transparent; border: hidden;" | style="padding: 0 2em;" | {| class="wikitable" | [[File:Solresol - misol.jpg|x88px]] | [[File:Solresol - solmi.jpg|x88px]] |- | style="text-align: center;" | '''misol''': "dobro" | style="text-align: center;" | '''solmi''': "zlo" |} | style="padding-left: 2em;" | {| class="wikitable" | [[File:Solresol - domisol.jpg|x88px]] | [[File:Solresol - solmido.jpg|x88px]] |- | style="text-align: center;" | '''domisol''': "[[Bog]]" | style="text-align: center;" | '''solmido''': "[[Djavol]]" |} |} Však, ne vsa slova su obrtiva v tom smyslu, taki jako ''dorefare'' znači vrat, a ''refaredo'' znači garderoba, ktore očigledno nisu suprotnosti. Slědujuća tabula pokazuje slova do dvuh sylab iz Gajewskogo slovnika: {| class="wikitable" ! {{Diagonal split header|style=height: 3em; width: 7em|1. syl.|2. syl.}} ! ''Nijedna'' ! style="background-color: #f69;" | -do ! style="background-color: #f96;" | -re ! style="background-color: #ff9;" | -mi ! style="background-color: #9f6;" | -fa ! style="background-color: #9ff;" | -sol ! style="background-color: #96f;" | -la ! style="background-color: #f9f;" | -si/-ti |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #f69;" | Do- | style="background-color: #f69;" | ne, ni, niti | style="background-color: #f69;" | (prošlo) | ja, mene || ty [sg] || on || se, sebe || jedny, někto || drugy |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #f96;" | Re- | style="background-color: #f96;" | i, tak jako | moj, moje | style="background-color: #f96;" | (pluperfekt) | tvoj, tvoje [sg] || njegov || naš, naše || vaš, vaše [pl] || njihov |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #ff9;" | Mi- | style="background-color: #ff9;" | ili, ili čak | za, da bi/da || ktory, koja (odnos. zaim.), že (veznik) | style="background-color: #ff9;" | (buduće) | čij, čija || dobro (prisl.) || tutaj je/tu je, gle || dobar večer/noć |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #9f6;" | Fa- | style="background-color: #9f6;" | k, ka | što? || s, sa, zajedno || ovaj, ova, ovo | style="background-color: #9f6;" | (kond.) | začto, iz kog razloga || dobro, ukusno, slasno || mnogo, velmi, krajno |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #9ff;" | Sol- | style="background-color: #9ff;" | ako | ale || v, unutra || zlo, loše (prisl.) || zato, jer | style="background-color: #9ff;" | (imperativ) | věčno, vsegda, bez konca || hvala, hvaly |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #96f;" | <span style="color: #000;">La-</span> | style="background-color: #96f;" | <span style="color: #000;">ty (člen)</span> | ničto, nikto, nijedny || od, po || tutaj, tam || zlo, loše || nikogda, nikad | style="background-color: #96f;" | <span style="color: #000;">(prezentni participij)</span> || od, iz |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #f9f;"| Si-/Ti- | style="background-color: #f9f;" | da, dobro, rado, složeno | isto (stvar) | vsaky, každy | dobro jutro/popoldne | malo, jedva |gospodin, pan |mlady muž, neženja | style="background-color: #f9f;" | <span style="color: #000;">(pasivny participij)</span> |} Određeny člen ima razne forme za [[Nominativ|nominativny]], [[Genitiv|genitivny]] i [[Dativ|dativny]] padež, ili, v anglijskom, za "the", "to the" i "of the": 'la', 'fa' i 'lasi', po redu.{{r|lmu1866|p=23-24.VII-VIII}} ==Gramatika== Osim naglaska i dužiny, slova Solresola se ne inflektuju. Da bi rečenice ostale jasne, posebno s mogućnošću gubitka informacij pri komunikaciji, odredjene časti řeči sleduju strog slovored. :Prěvjesniki vsegda sleduju imenicu ktoru određuju. :Nepremni objekty vsegda dolaze poslě glagola.{{r|lmu1866|p=26.XII}} :Priměry dane v originalnoj dokumentaciji ukazuju na [[subjekt–glagol–objekt slovored|slovored subjekt–glagol–objekt]],{{R|lmu1866|p=29.XVII}} však, to ne bi mělo imati značenje dok rečenica ostaje prosta i jasna. :Vremena vsegda prethode glagolom.{{r|lmu1866|p=30.XIX}} Da bi se slovo stvorilo u množini, [[akút|akútny naglasak]] se dodaje iznad poslednje sylaby, ktory se v govoru izgovara produženjem poslednje bukvy te sylaby.{{r|lmu1866|p=24.IX}} Priměry kako označiti množinu mužskih i ženskih slov: :''resimire'' brat, ''resimirē/resimire-e'' sestra :''resimiré'' bracia, ''resimiréē/resimiré-e'' sestry To utiče samo na prvo slovo v [[imenična fraza|imeničnoj frazi]]. To jest, utiče samo na imenicu kada je imenica sama, jako iznad. Ako je slovo popraćeno gramatičkom česticom (la, fa ili lasi), čestica će nositi oznaku roda i/ili broja umesto toga: :''la resimire'' [ty] brat, ''lā/la-a resimire'' [ta] sestra :''lá resimire'' [ty] bracia, ''láā/lá-a resimire'' [ty] sestry Časti řeči (jako i specifičnjejše definicije za něktora slova) se izvode iz glagol postavljanjem [[cirkumfleks|cirkumfleksa]] iznad jedne od sylab v pisanju, i izgovaranjem te sylaby s [[Glossary of music terminology#R|rinforzando]] (iznenadny naglasak ili [[Dynamics (music)#Gradual changes|crescendo]]). S naglaskom postavljenim na prvu sylabu, slovo postaje imenica. V četyri-sylabnyh slovah, naglašavanje druge sylaby stvara imenicu činitelja. [[Penult]]imna sylaba stvara prěvjesnik, a poslednja stvara prislov.{{r|lmu1866|p=25.XI}} Na pr., :''midofa'' preferovati, ''mîdofa'' preferencija, ''midôfa'' preferabilny, ''midofâ'' preferabilno :''resolmila'' nastaviti, ''rêsolmila'' nastavjenje, ''resôlmila'' jedny ktory nastavlja, ''resolmîla'' staly, ''resolmilâ'' stalno Na kompjuteryh koristajući rasporede klavijatur bez cirkumfleksa, sylaba może być napisana velikimi bukvami, ili [[caret]] postavljen medźu bukvy sylaby ili poslě sylaby. Zbog gramatike i slovoreda Solresola, razlikovanje častij řeči občno nije potrebno za razuměnje rečenice. Razne [[tense–aspect–mood|vremensko-načinske]] čestice su dvojne sylaby, kako je dato u slovniku iznad. Dodatno, po Gajewskom, pasivne glagoly se tvore s ''faremi'' medźu tom česticom i glagolom. Subjunktiv se tvori s ''mire'' pred zaimennikom. Negacija ''do'' se pojavljuje samo jednom v klauzi, pred slovom koje negira. Slovo ''fasi'' pred imenicom ili prěvjesnikom je [[augmentativ|augmentativno]]; poslě njega je [[Degrees of comparison of adjectives and adverbs|superlativ]]. ''Sifa'' je suprotnost ([[diminutiv|diminutivno]]):{{r|lmu1866|p=21.III}} :''fala'' dobro, ''fasi fala'' velmi dobro, ''fala fasi'' odlično, najbolje; ''sifa fala'' dobro (ali ne odlično), ''fala sifa'' ne velmi dobro (i slično s ''lafa'' zlo) :''sisire'' vjetar, ''fasi sisire'' oluja, ''sisire fasi'' ciklon; ''sifa sisire'' povjetarac, ''sisire sifa'' kretanje vazduha Pitanja Pitanja v Solresolu ne dobijaju mnogo pažnje u originalnoj dokumentaciji, niti imaju mnogo priměrov. Sudreova publikacija uključuje tri priměra upitnyh rečenic:{{r|lmu1866|p=127}} :Je vaše zdravlje dobro? – Redofafa? :Hoćete li ići na selo ove godine? – Fadoremi? :Hoćete li ići u pozorište večeras? – Soldoremi? Da bi se to stvorilo kao potvrdna izjava, dodaje se osobny zaimennik poslě: :Moje zdravlje je dobro. – Redofafa dore. :Ići ću na selo ove godine. – Fadoremi dore. :Ići ću u pozorište večeras. – Soldoremi dore. Gajewski umesto toga postavlja subjekt rečenice poslě glagola umesto pred glagolom, konstrukcija občna v evropskih jezycich. Nektery priměry su:{{R|grammar_eng|p=Interrogation and Negation}} :Jesam li? – Faremi dore? :Razumije li on? – Falafa dofa? :Učite li? – Sidosi domi? V vsih verzijah jezyka, postoje slova četyri sylaby duga, ponovljena "Mi" sekcija slovnika koja uključuje neka občna pitanja, taki jako:{{r|lmu1866|p=109.123}} :Miladodo? – Do kogo stepena/mjere? :Milarere? – Dobro? :Misirere? – Kto je to? ==Pismo Solresol== [[File:Solresol symbols.svg|thumb|Simboly Solresola]] Pismo koristano v Solresolu sastoji se od sedmih unikatnyh symbolov, vsaky predstavljajući jednu od sedmih "not". Na pr., "[[C (muzikalna nota)|Do]]" je krug, a "[[G (muzikalna nota)|Sol]]" je horizontalna linija. Slova Solresola se tvore povezivanjem symbolov v poredu kako se pojavljuju v slovu. Dvojne note se predstavljaju križanjem symbola. [[File:Solresol words.svg|thumb|Něktore osnovne slova Solresola]] Druge karakteristike Nepristrasny i relativno prosty Integrovane sistemy ([[znakovny jezyk|znakovny jezyk]], barvy, itd.) za većinu [[invaliditet|ometenj]], odmah operativne bez posebnogo učenja Brzo uspěšno učenje za nepismene (samo sedm sylab ili znakov ili deset bukv za znati i prepoznati) Vrlo prosty ali efektivny sistem za razlikovanje funkcij slov v rečenicah Koristajući [[tonic sol-fa]] sistem od [[John Curwen|Johna Curwena]], Solresol może też być [[znakovny jezyk|znakovano]]. Daljnji razvoj Drugi način koristania Solresola se naziva ''ses'', razvijen od [[C. George Boeree|C. Georgea Boereea]].<ref name="loan_words">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|title=Using loan words in Solresol|url=https://www.tumblr.com/sidosi/181390815161/using-loan-words-in-solresol|website=Tumblr|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251128152044if_/https://www.tumblr.com/sidosi/181390815161/using-loan-words-in-solresol|archive-date=2025-11-28|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Koristajući to, note dobijaju reprezentativne konsonante i vokale (ili diftongy). Najprostša slova koriste samo vokalu, dok vsa druga koriste složenjejšu strukturu sylab. do ⇒ p / o re ⇒ k / e mi ⇒ m / i fa ⇒ f / a sol ⇒ s / u la ⇒ l / au ti ⇒ t / ai Na ovaj način, można pisati ili izgovarati slova taki jako to: : sol-sol-re-do ⇒ suko (cvcv) – migrena Zato što se množina i ženske forme slov u Solresolu označavaju naglaskom ili dužinom glasov, ses koristi ''pau'' (nektory) ili ''fai'' (mnogo) za označavanje množiny, i ''mu'' (dobro) za označavanje ženskogo roda kogda je potrebno. == Kodiranje == Zahtev za [[ISO 639-3]] jezykovy kod, privremeno predloženy jako {{Code|sud}}, byl upućen [[SIL Global|SIL-u]] 28 avgusta 2017,<ref name="sil_change">{{Cite web|author=SIL International|author-link=SIL Global|date=2017-08-28|title=ISO 639-3 Registration Authority Request for Change No. 2017-032|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032.pdf|website=ISO 639-3|publication-place=[[Dallas]]|format=PDF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605171450if_/https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032.pdf|archive-date=2019-06-05|archive-format=PDF|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="sil_new">{{Cite web|author=SIL International|author-link=SIL Global|date=2017-08-28|title=Request for New Language Code Element in ISO 639-3: [sud]|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032_sud.pdf|website=ISO 639-3|publication-place=[[Dallas]]|format=PDF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605171450if_/https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032_sud.pdf|archive-date=2019-06-05|archive-format=PDF|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="sidosi_request">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|date=2017-07-28|title=The Road to ISO 639-3|url=https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=310|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230829154231if_/https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=310|archive-date=2023-08-29|access-date=2018-10-22|df=mdy-all}}</ref> ale byl odrinuly 23 janvara 2018.<ref name="sil_rejection">{{Cite web|author=SIL International|author-link=SIL Global|date=2018-01-23|title=Comments received for ISO 639-3 Change Request 2017-032|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/CR_Comments_2017-032.pdf|website=ISO 639-3|publication-place=[[Dallas]]|format=PDF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605171452if_/https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/CR_Comments_2017-032.pdf|archive-date=2019-06-05|archive-format=PDF|page=2|access-date=2019-09-27|df=mdy-all|quote=Zahtev za stvorenje koda [sud] za Solresol je odrinuły.}}</ref><ref name="sidosi_rejection">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|date=2018-02-01|title=Beyond ISO 639-3 (for now)|url=https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=350|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230829153926if_/https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=350|archive-date=2023-08-29|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Solresol je dobil kody {{Code|qso}} i {{Code|art-x-solresol}} v [[Codes for constructed languages|ConLang Code Registry]].<ref name="clcr">{{Cite web|last=Bettencourt|first=Rebecca G.|date=2015-01-08|title=ConLang Code Registry|url=https://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/|website=Kreative Korporation|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221127152005if_/http://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/|archive-date=2022-11-27|access-date=2021-04-06|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Sedm osnovnyh symbolov bylo predloženo za registraciju v [[ConScript Unicode Registry]].<ref name="csur">{{Cite web|last=Everson|first=Michael|author-link=Michael Everson|date=1997-01-21|title=Solresol: U+E770–U+E77F|url=https://www.evertype.com/standards/csur/solresol.html|website=ConScript Unicode Registry|publisher=Evertype|publication-place=[[Lecanvey]], [[Ireland]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417191120if_/https://www.evertype.com/standards/csur/solresol.html|archive-date=2021-04-17|access-date=2021-04-06|df=mdy-all}}</ref> == Priměrne teksty == ; Članok 1 ''[[Universalna deklaracija prav člověka|Universalnoj deklaracija prav člověka]]'' na medžuslovjanskom : ''Vsi ljudi rodet se svobodnymi i ravnymi v svojem dostojenstvu i pravah. Oni sut obdarjene razumom i svědomjem i muset postupati v odnošenju jedin k drugomu v duhu bratstva.'' ; Prěvod na Solresol : Siré misolredo faremi doredore domisimi re misóla, solfalafá dósila re réfasi. Dófa faremi remila fare dômilafa re dôfasifa, re fafa fasolfa midolǎ fare dômisola lasi sîmisila. ; Predstavjeno koristajuči ''ses'' Solresol : Sé muro fem pepe omúm e múl, salá ósau e éfai. Óf fem ril fe ômauf e ôfaif, e fa fuf ipǎu fe ômul lai âimail. == Gledite takože == * [[muzikalny jezyk]] * [[solfedžio]] * [[Tonic sol-fa]] * [[Voyage to Faremido]] * [[Ro jezyk]] ==Iztočniky== {{Iztočniky}} == Čitati dalje == * {{Cite book|last=Sudre|first=François|year=1866|title=Langue Musicale Universelle|url=http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/ladosol.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070831060525if_/http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/ladosol.html|archive-date=2007-08-31|publication-place=Paris|language=fr}} – HTML verzija celogo teksta Sudreovogo toma iz 1866, s originalnym [https://web.archive.org/web/20070831061613if_/http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/lrls_sosfs.html slovnikom] i [https://web.archive.org/web/20080310234035/http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/solrelaF.html frazeologijom] (v francozskom). * {{Cite book|last1=Couturat|first1=Louis|last2=Leau|first2=Léopold|year=1903|title=Histoire de la Langue Universelle|url=https://archive.org/details/histoiredelalang00coutuoft|publisher=Librairie Hachette|publication-place=[[Paris]]|language=fr|access-date=2025-11-28|df=mdy-all}} * {{Cite book|last=Eco|first=Umberto|author-link=Umberto Eco|date=1997-04-08|title=The Search for the Perfect Language|url=https://archive.org/details/searchforperfect00ecou|publisher=[[Wiley-Blackwell]]|publication-place=[[Cambridge, Massachusetts|Cambridge, Mass.]]|edition=1|series=The Making of Europe|isbn=978-0-631-20510-4|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}} ==Vněšnje linky== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20191115021254if_/https://www.omniglot.com/writing/solresol.htm Solresol jezyk i stenografično pismo] na Omniglot, online enciklopediji sistemov pisanja i jezykov * Anglijsko-Solresol slovniky od [https://web.archive.org/web/20250121193252if_/http://www.datapacrat.com/True/LANG/SOLRESOL/DICTIONA.HTM Jasona Hutchensa] (6 julija 1998) i [https://web.archive.org/web/20100923132246if_/http://www.ifost.org.au/~gregb/solresol/sorsolex.htm Stephena L. Ricea] (19 novembra 1997) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20231130083816if_/http://sharyphil.com/root/solresol-the-project/ SolReSol: Projekt v0.95] od Phila Sharyja, open source Solresol–anglijsky i anglijsky–Solresol překladateľsky program za Windows (32- i 64-bitny) s live MIDI podporom (24 februara 2015) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20250818235352if_/https://wiki.xxiivv.com/site/solresol.html Moderny Simetričny Solresol] od Davida Mondou-Labbého (28 septembra 2023) * [https://eliseduv.dev/solresol/ Překladač Anglijsky↔Solresol] {{Umětne jezyky}} [[Kategorija:1827 introdukcije]] [[Kategorija:Analitične jezyky]] [[Kategorija:Konstruovane jezyky]] [[Kategorija:Medžunarodne pomočne jezyky]] [[Kategorija:jezyky potvrđene od 1820-tyh]] [[Kategorija:muzikalne jezyky]] 5hpo3y0qknyxqfdqgmtspt09ky2fbit 45663 45662 2026-08-13T11:29:02Z Ilja isv 10 45663 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kartka jezyk | name = Solresol | nativename = <center>''[[solfedžio]]'': Sol-Re-Sol</center> | image = Solresol-langage.svg | created = 1827 | creator = [[François Sudre|{{-|François Sudre|Франсуа Судр}}]] | fam1 = [[umětne jezyky]] | fam2 = [[Pomočny jezyk]], [[Umětne jezyky#A priori|a priori]] | fam3 = [[muzikalny jezyk]] | posteriori = [[Umětne jezyky#A priori|a priori]] | script = [[Solresol#pismo Solresol|pismo Solresol]]; [[solfedžio]]; [[noty]]; [[barvy spektra]] | sign = Podpisana notacija; [[tonic sol-fa]] znaky od [[John Curwen]] | iso3 = qso | iso3comment = [https://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/ (lokalno koristane)] | glotto = none | ietf = [https://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/ art-x-solresol] }} '''Solresol''' ([[solfedžio]]: [[G (muzikalna nota)|Sol]]-[[D (muzikalna nota)|Re]]-[[G (muzikalna nota)|Sol]]), prvonačelno nazyvany {{Lang|fr|Langue universelle}} (bukv. 'Universalny jezyk') a potom {{Lang|fr|Langue musicale universelle}} ('Universalny muzikalny jezyk'), je [[muzikalny jezyk|muzikalny]] [[umětny jezyk]], stvorjeny francuzskim učiteljem muziky i kompozitorom [[Jean-François Sudre|{{-|Jean'om-François Sudre|Жаном-Франсуа Судром}}]] (1787–1862), načinajuči od lěta 1817. Njegova kniga, kde oprědjeljaje se {{Lang|fr|Langue Musicale Universelle}}, byla publikovana posmrtno v lětu 1866,<ref name="lmu1866">{{Cite book|last=Sudre|first=François|year=1866|title=Langue Musicale Universelle|url=https://www.ifost.org.au/~gregb/solresol/sudre-book.pdf|format=PDF|url-status=live|publication-place=[[Paris]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320142510if_/http://www.ifost.org.au/~gregb/solresol/sudre-book.pdf|archive-date=2012-03-20|archive-format=PDF|language=fr|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> hoti on uže několik lět prěd tym o tom publikoval članky. Solresol prežil kratky čas popularnosti vo vtoroj polovině 19. stolětja i dostaval finansovu poddržku od takyh osob kako [[Victor Hugo|Viktor Hugo]], [[Alphonse de Lamartine|Alfons de Lamartin]], [[Alexander von Humboldt|Aleksander fon Humboldt]] i [[Napoleon III|Napoleon {{-|III}}]],<ref name="pei">{{Cite book|last=Pei|first=Mario|author-link=Mario Pei|year=1969|title=Wanted: A World Language|type=Pamphlet|series=Public Affairs|volume=434|pages=11–12|publisher=Public Affairs Committee|publication-place=[[New York City]]|url=http://www.autodidactproject.org/other/pei_worldlg.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180125230417if_/http://www.autodidactproject.org/other/pei_worldlg.html|archive-date=2018-01-25|access-date=2025-11-28|df=mdy-all}}</ref> kulminacijeju čego se stala publikacija [[Boleslas Gajewski|Boleslasa Gajewskogo]] {{Lang|fr|Grammaire du Solresol}} v lětu 1902. Dnes jestvujut male skupny entiziastov Solresola, razsypane po cělomu světu.<ref name="sidosi">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|title=Sidosi Home|url=https://www.sidosi.org/|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004090845if_/https://www.sidosi.org/|archive-date=2023-10-04|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> == Evolucija == Jestvuje několiko versij Solresola, každa s malymi razlikami. Tri glavne varijacije, ktore sut ješče v obratu — Sudrova, Gajewskogo i "Moderna"— različajut se glavno v različnyh elementah slovnika, ale zajednoimajut suglas o gramatikě. {{-|Sudre|Судр}} je stvoril jezyk, i zato njegova versija zasluživaje se nazyvati prvonačelnoju versijeju Solresola. Vincent Gajewski, parižsky profesor, popularizoval jezyk kako prědsědnik Centralnogo Komiteta za Izučanje i Sovršenstvovanje Solresola, ktory byl osnovan v lětu 1869 vdovoju Sudra Žozefinoju, da by dalje promotovati jego dělo. Boleslas Gajewski, syn Vincenta i sam profesor, formalizoval gramatiku i napisal oprěděljajuči dělo o jezyku: {{Lang|fr|Grammaire du Solrésol}} (Gramatika Solresola).<ref name="grammar_eng">{{Cite web|last1=Gajewski|first1=Boleslas|last2=Rice|first2=Stephen L.|date=1997-11-19|orig-date=printed 1902 as {{-|Grammaire du Solrésol}}, translated 1997|title=Grammar of Solresol, or the Universal Language of François Sudre | url = http://www.ptialaska.net/~srice/solresol/sorsoeng.htm | website = Stephen L. Rice: The Solresol Page | url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070413035441if_/http://www.ptialaska.net/~srice/solresol/sorsoeng.htm|archive-date=2007-04-13|access-date=2019-09-29| ref = {{sfnref|Gramatika|2005}}}}</ref><ref name="grammar_pdf">{{Cite web|last=Gajewski|first=Boleslas|editor-last1=Rice|editor-first1=Stephen L.|editor-last2=Bigham|editor-first2=Doug|year=2005|orig-date=printed 1902 as {{-|Grammaire du Solrésol}}, translated 1997 (Rice), revised 2005 (Bigham)|title=Grammar of Solresol, or the Universal Language of François Sudre|url=https://i.sidosi.org/resources/grammar-of-solresol-bigham/grammar-of-solresol-bigham.pdf|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217001045if_/https://i.sidosi.org/resources/grammar-of-solresol-bigham/grammar-of-solresol-bigham.pdf|archive-date=2019-12-17|access-date=2019-12-16}}</ref> To je najčesto publikovana versija Solresola, blagodare prěkladu na anglijsky {{-|Stephena L. Rice'a|Стивена Л. Райса}}, sdělanogo v lětu 1997,<ref name="grammar_pdf"/><ref name="grammar_eng"/> so znatnoju čestju slovnika izměnjenoju odnositeljno originala, kako i s něktoroju gramatikoju. Jednym priměrom je slovo ''fasol'', definovano kako "tut" v Sudrovom slovniku, ale kako "začto?" u Gajewskogo. Tretja je neoficijalna verzija razvijana vremenom od komunity, nazvana "Moderny Solresol". Ona koristi Sudreovu verziju kao bazu, s prilagodbami gramatike i slovnika, takimi jako izměna definicij ''sisol'' i ''sila'' od značenja "Gospodin" i "Mlady muž" na sistem [[honorifik|honorifikov]] inspiriran onym koristanym v japonščině; oba su rodno-neutralne titule, jedna za byti poštivy, a druga za byti ljubazny.<ref name="Modern Solresol Dictionary">{{Cite web|last1=Osteen|first1=Garrison|last2=Walters|first2=Scott|last3=Parson|first3=Daniel|last4=Fernandez|first4=Tobias|date=2018-03-12|title=Solresol Dictionary Modernised|url=https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/182okssrHseIggjHGlzWyFH81-o8y8EsvQtJfPJYu6r8/edit|format=XLSX|website=Google Sheets|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250829164017if_/https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/182okssrHseIggjHGlzWyFH81-o8y8EsvQtJfPJYu6r8/edit|archive-date=2025-08-29|archive-format=XLSX|access-date=2019-12-22|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Gajewskogo publikacija donesla razne dodatky ktore ne konfliktu s originalnom verzijom jezyka, taki jako razne nove metody komunikacije,{{sfn|Gramatika|2005|p=16}} vključujući: skup symbolov koristane sedmih barv duhy, i koristane [[tonic sol-fa]] za signiranje jezyka ==Fonologija== [[File:Solresol.svg|thumb|right|Sedm konvencionalnyh not, barv, sylab, čisel i glifov koristanyh za prenos fonemov Solresola]] Solresol może być komunikovany koristajući sedm različnyh predmetov, s maksimumom pet na slovo. Statistički, ty kombinacije daju sedm jedno-sylabnyh slov, 49 dvuh-sylabnyh, 336 tri-sylabnyh, 2.268 četyr-sylabnyh i 9.072 pet-sylabnyh, za ukupno 11.732 mogućih primarnyh slov.<ref name="pei" /> Glavna metoda komunikacije je koristane sedmih [[solfedžio]] sylab (forma [[solmizacija|solmizacije]]), ktore mogu byti akcentovane, prodloužene ili ponovljene. Najprostši način koristati ty sylaby je govoriti ih jako by one byly regularne [[sylaba|sylaby]]. {{Trěba iztočnik|Zbog togo že predchádza [[Medžunarodny fonetičny alfabet|MFA]], ne postoje posebna pravila izgovora izvan standardnyh čitanj solfège. Zbog togo že vsaka sylaba je dovoljno odlična, mogu byti izgovorjene skoro vsakym sposobom, ktory čitatej preferuje.}} Sudre je izložil način transkripcije fonetiky francozskogo (i tako mnogih drugih jezykov) do Solresola, primarno koristany za vlastne imenice.{{r|lmu1866|p=32}} Koristajući občne izgovory kako su dane od strane [[Vikislovnik|Vikislovnika]], je moguće rekonstruovati tabulu glasov koristajući modernu MFA. Zbog malog broja sylab, je potrebno ostaviti kratku pauzu medźu slovami tako da vsako slovo ostane jasno odvojeno. Kako je primetil Boleslas Gajewski: "člověk bi měl věnovati veliku pozornost pauzi po vsakom slovu; ta mala pauza je potrebna za odvajanje slov, tako da slušatelj ne bude zbunjen".{{R|grammar_eng|p=Reversed meanings}} ===Slovnik=== V Solresol [[morfologija (lingvistika)|morfologiji]], vsako slovo je poděleno na kategorije ili značenja ili funkcije, gdźe duža slova su občno specifičnjejša. Slova se razlikuju po treh glavnyh karakteristikah: početnoj sylabě, dužině slova, i tomu da li ima par ponovljenih sylab. Slova koja su jedna i dve sylaby duge su koristana za [[Zaimennik|zaimenniky]] i občne [[Gramatična čestica|čestice]], a ty s ponovljenimi sylabami su [[Gramatično vreme|vremena]]. Slova koja su jednu sylabu duga su posvećena slovima ktora su često koristana (v času stvorenja Solresola). Ty ktore uključuju ponavljajuće sylaby su rezervovane za "čisla, měsece goda, dni neděle i temperatury [pogodne uslove]", na pr. redodo "jedny", remimi "dva" (po Gajewskom). Slova koja su četyri sylaby duga spadaju v razne tematske kategorije. Na pr., slova počinjuća s 'sol', koja ne uključuju ponovljene sylaby, imaju značenja vezana za umetnosti ili nauky (na pr. soldoredo, "umetnost"; solmiredo, "akustika").{{r|lmu1866|p=22.V}} Však, ako slova koja su četyri sylaby duga imaju par ponovljenih sylab, njihova značenja se odnose na bolesti ili medicinu (na pr. solsolredo, "migrena"; solreresol, "ospice").{{r|lmu1866|p=23.VI}} Točnjejše, klase bez ponovljenih sylab su: ''do'': člověk, njegovo tělo i duh, intelektualne sposobnosti, kvalitete i hrana; ''re'': odeća, dom, domaćinstvo i porodica; ''mi'': činjenja človeka i njegove mane; ''fa'': selo, putovanja, vojna, more; ''sol'': lepe umetnosti i nauky; ''la'': industrija i trgovina; ''si'': město, vlada i administracija. S ponovljenimi sylabami, iste sylaby daju: ''do'': religija; ''re'': konstrukcija i razne obrti; ''mi'': predlogi, prislovne fraze i izolovane prislovy; ''fa'': bolesti; ''sol'': bolesti (nast.); ''la'': industrija i trgovina (jako u tipu bez ponavljanja); ''si'': pravda, magistratura i sudovi. Konačno, kombinacije pet sylab označavaju životinje, rośliny i minerale. Po defaultu, vse žive imenice i zaimenniky podrazuměvaju da su mužskogo roda. Za razlikovanje ženskogo roda, bar, [[pomišljaj|pomišljaj]] ili [[makron (diakritika)|makron]] se dodaje na konačnu sylabu odgovarajućeg člena ili samogo slova. V govoru, to se označava ponavljanjem vokala sylaby, s [[glotalna stop|glotalnom stopom]] koja odvaja ponovljenu vokalu od ostatka slova.{{r|lmu1866|p=24}} Však, v modernyh překladah, zaimenniky se ne měnje v zavisnosti od [[Gramatičny rod|roda]]. Umesto toga, oni se prosto prevode na anglijsky kao neutralne zaimenniky; it i they. Jedna unikatna karakteristika Solresola je da značenja mogu byti obrnuta obrtanjem sylab v slovah. Na pr. ''fala'' znači dobro ili ukusno, a ''lafa'' znači zlo. Prekidi v logičkom poredu slov v vsakoj kategoriji su občno uzrokovani tymi obrtivymi slovami.{{r|lmu1866|p=31.XXI}} {| style="background: transparent; border: hidden;" | style="padding: 0 2em;" | {| class="wikitable" | [[File:Solresol - misol.jpg|x88px]] | [[File:Solresol - solmi.jpg|x88px]] |- | style="text-align: center;" | '''misol''': "dobro" | style="text-align: center;" | '''solmi''': "zlo" |} | style="padding-left: 2em;" | {| class="wikitable" | [[File:Solresol - domisol.jpg|x88px]] | [[File:Solresol - solmido.jpg|x88px]] |- | style="text-align: center;" | '''domisol''': "[[Bog]]" | style="text-align: center;" | '''solmido''': "[[Djavol]]" |} |} Však, ne vsa slova su obrtiva v tom smyslu, taki jako ''dorefare'' znači vrat, a ''refaredo'' znači garderoba, ktore očigledno nisu suprotnosti. Slědujuća tabula pokazuje slova do dvuh sylab iz Gajewskogo slovnika: {| class="wikitable" ! {{Diagonal split header|style=height: 3em; width: 7em|1. syl.|2. syl.}} ! ''Nijedna'' ! style="background-color: #f69;" | -do ! style="background-color: #f96;" | -re ! style="background-color: #ff9;" | -mi ! style="background-color: #9f6;" | -fa ! style="background-color: #9ff;" | -sol ! style="background-color: #96f;" | -la ! style="background-color: #f9f;" | -si/-ti |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #f69;" | Do- | style="background-color: #f69;" | ne, ni, niti | style="background-color: #f69;" | (prošlo) | ja, mene || ty [sg] || on || se, sebe || jedny, někto || drugy |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #f96;" | Re- | style="background-color: #f96;" | i, tak jako | moj, moje | style="background-color: #f96;" | (pluperfekt) | tvoj, tvoje [sg] || njegov || naš, naše || vaš, vaše [pl] || njihov |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #ff9;" | Mi- | style="background-color: #ff9;" | ili, ili čak | za, da bi/da || ktory, koja (odnos. zaim.), že (veznik) | style="background-color: #ff9;" | (buduće) | čij, čija || dobro (prisl.) || tutaj je/tu je, gle || dobar večer/noć |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #9f6;" | Fa- | style="background-color: #9f6;" | k, ka | što? || s, sa, zajedno || ovaj, ova, ovo | style="background-color: #9f6;" | (kond.) | začto, iz kog razloga || dobro, ukusno, slasno || mnogo, velmi, krajno |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #9ff;" | Sol- | style="background-color: #9ff;" | ako | ale || v, unutra || zlo, loše (prisl.) || zato, jer | style="background-color: #9ff;" | (imperativ) | věčno, vsegda, bez konca || hvala, hvaly |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #96f;" | <span style="color: #000;">La-</span> | style="background-color: #96f;" | <span style="color: #000;">ty (člen)</span> | ničto, nikto, nijedny || od, po || tutaj, tam || zlo, loše || nikogda, nikad | style="background-color: #96f;" | <span style="color: #000;">(prezentni participij)</span> || od, iz |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #f9f;"| Si-/Ti- | style="background-color: #f9f;" | da, dobro, rado, složeno | isto (stvar) | vsaky, každy | dobro jutro/popoldne | malo, jedva |gospodin, pan |mlady muž, neženja | style="background-color: #f9f;" | <span style="color: #000;">(pasivny participij)</span> |} Određeny člen ima razne forme za [[Nominativ|nominativny]], [[Genitiv|genitivny]] i [[Dativ|dativny]] padež, ili, v anglijskom, za "the", "to the" i "of the": 'la', 'fa' i 'lasi', po redu.{{r|lmu1866|p=23-24.VII-VIII}} ==Gramatika== Osim naglaska i dužiny, slova Solresola se ne inflektuju. Da bi rečenice ostale jasne, posebno s mogućnošću gubitka informacij pri komunikaciji, odredjene časti řeči sleduju strog slovored. :Prěvjesniki vsegda sleduju imenicu ktoru određuju. :Nepremni objekty vsegda dolaze poslě glagola.{{r|lmu1866|p=26.XII}} :Priměry dane v originalnoj dokumentaciji ukazuju na [[subjekt–glagol–objekt slovored|slovored subjekt–glagol–objekt]],{{R|lmu1866|p=29.XVII}} však, to ne bi mělo imati značenje dok rečenica ostaje prosta i jasna. :Vremena vsegda prethode glagolom.{{r|lmu1866|p=30.XIX}} Da bi se slovo stvorilo u množini, [[akút|akútny naglasak]] se dodaje iznad poslednje sylaby, ktory se v govoru izgovara produženjem poslednje bukvy te sylaby.{{r|lmu1866|p=24.IX}} Priměry kako označiti množinu mužskih i ženskih slov: :''resimire'' brat, ''resimirē/resimire-e'' sestra :''resimiré'' bracia, ''resimiréē/resimiré-e'' sestry To utiče samo na prvo slovo v [[imenična fraza|imeničnoj frazi]]. To jest, utiče samo na imenicu kada je imenica sama, jako iznad. Ako je slovo popraćeno gramatičkom česticom (la, fa ili lasi), čestica će nositi oznaku roda i/ili broja umesto toga: :''la resimire'' [ty] brat, ''lā/la-a resimire'' [ta] sestra :''lá resimire'' [ty] bracia, ''láā/lá-a resimire'' [ty] sestry Časti řeči (jako i specifičnjejše definicije za něktora slova) se izvode iz glagol postavljanjem [[cirkumfleks|cirkumfleksa]] iznad jedne od sylab v pisanju, i izgovaranjem te sylaby s [[Glossary of music terminology#R|rinforzando]] (iznenadny naglasak ili [[Dynamics (music)#Gradual changes|crescendo]]). S naglaskom postavljenim na prvu sylabu, slovo postaje imenica. V četyri-sylabnyh slovah, naglašavanje druge sylaby stvara imenicu činitelja. [[Penult]]imna sylaba stvara prěvjesnik, a poslednja stvara prislov.{{r|lmu1866|p=25.XI}} Na pr., :''midofa'' preferovati, ''mîdofa'' preferencija, ''midôfa'' preferabilny, ''midofâ'' preferabilno :''resolmila'' nastaviti, ''rêsolmila'' nastavjenje, ''resôlmila'' jedny ktory nastavlja, ''resolmîla'' staly, ''resolmilâ'' stalno Na kompjuteryh koristajući rasporede klavijatur bez cirkumfleksa, sylaba może być napisana velikimi bukvami, ili [[caret]] postavljen medźu bukvy sylaby ili poslě sylaby. Zbog gramatike i slovoreda Solresola, razlikovanje častij řeči občno nije potrebno za razuměnje rečenice. Razne [[tense–aspect–mood|vremensko-načinske]] čestice su dvojne sylaby, kako je dato u slovniku iznad. Dodatno, po Gajewskom, pasivne glagoly se tvore s ''faremi'' medźu tom česticom i glagolom. Subjunktiv se tvori s ''mire'' pred zaimennikom. Negacija ''do'' se pojavljuje samo jednom v klauzi, pred slovom koje negira. Slovo ''fasi'' pred imenicom ili prěvjesnikom je [[augmentativ|augmentativno]]; poslě njega je [[Degrees of comparison of adjectives and adverbs|superlativ]]. ''Sifa'' je suprotnost ([[diminutiv|diminutivno]]):{{r|lmu1866|p=21.III}} :''fala'' dobro, ''fasi fala'' velmi dobro, ''fala fasi'' odlično, najbolje; ''sifa fala'' dobro (ali ne odlično), ''fala sifa'' ne velmi dobro (i slično s ''lafa'' zlo) :''sisire'' vjetar, ''fasi sisire'' oluja, ''sisire fasi'' ciklon; ''sifa sisire'' povjetarac, ''sisire sifa'' kretanje vazduha Pitanja Pitanja v Solresolu ne dobijaju mnogo pažnje u originalnoj dokumentaciji, niti imaju mnogo priměrov. Sudreova publikacija uključuje tri priměra upitnyh rečenic:{{r|lmu1866|p=127}} :Je vaše zdravlje dobro? – Redofafa? :Hoćete li ići na selo ove godine? – Fadoremi? :Hoćete li ići u pozorište večeras? – Soldoremi? Da bi se to stvorilo kao potvrdna izjava, dodaje se osobny zaimennik poslě: :Moje zdravlje je dobro. – Redofafa dore. :Ići ću na selo ove godine. – Fadoremi dore. :Ići ću u pozorište večeras. – Soldoremi dore. Gajewski umesto toga postavlja subjekt rečenice poslě glagola umesto pred glagolom, konstrukcija občna v evropskih jezycich. Nektery priměry su:{{R|grammar_eng|p=Interrogation and Negation}} :Jesam li? – Faremi dore? :Razumije li on? – Falafa dofa? :Učite li? – Sidosi domi? V vsih verzijah jezyka, postoje slova četyri sylaby duga, ponovljena "Mi" sekcija slovnika koja uključuje neka občna pitanja, taki jako:{{r|lmu1866|p=109.123}} :Miladodo? – Do kogo stepena/mjere? :Milarere? – Dobro? :Misirere? – Kto je to? ==Pismo Solresol== [[File:Solresol symbols.svg|thumb|Simboly Solresola]] Pismo koristano v Solresolu sastoji se od sedmih unikatnyh symbolov, vsaky predstavljajući jednu od sedmih "not". Na pr., "[[C (muzikalna nota)|Do]]" je krug, a "[[G (muzikalna nota)|Sol]]" je horizontalna linija. Slova Solresola se tvore povezivanjem symbolov v poredu kako se pojavljuju v slovu. Dvojne note se predstavljaju križanjem symbola. [[File:Solresol words.svg|thumb|Něktore osnovne slova Solresola]] Druge karakteristike Nepristrasny i relativno prosty Integrovane sistemy ([[znakovny jezyk|znakovny jezyk]], barvy, itd.) za većinu [[invaliditet|ometenj]], odmah operativne bez posebnogo učenja Brzo uspěšno učenje za nepismene (samo sedm sylab ili znakov ili deset bukv za znati i prepoznati) Vrlo prosty ali efektivny sistem za razlikovanje funkcij slov v rečenicah Koristajući [[tonic sol-fa]] sistem od [[John Curwen|Johna Curwena]], Solresol może też być [[znakovny jezyk|znakovano]]. Daljnji razvoj Drugi način koristania Solresola se naziva ''ses'', razvijen od [[C. George Boeree|C. Georgea Boereea]].<ref name="loan_words">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|title=Using loan words in Solresol|url=https://www.tumblr.com/sidosi/181390815161/using-loan-words-in-solresol|website=Tumblr|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251128152044if_/https://www.tumblr.com/sidosi/181390815161/using-loan-words-in-solresol|archive-date=2025-11-28|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Koristajući to, note dobijaju reprezentativne konsonante i vokale (ili diftongy). Najprostša slova koriste samo vokalu, dok vsa druga koriste složenjejšu strukturu sylab. do ⇒ p / o re ⇒ k / e mi ⇒ m / i fa ⇒ f / a sol ⇒ s / u la ⇒ l / au ti ⇒ t / ai Na ovaj način, można pisati ili izgovarati slova taki jako to: : sol-sol-re-do ⇒ suko (cvcv) – migrena Zato što se množina i ženske forme slov u Solresolu označavaju naglaskom ili dužinom glasov, ses koristi ''pau'' (nektory) ili ''fai'' (mnogo) za označavanje množiny, i ''mu'' (dobro) za označavanje ženskogo roda kogda je potrebno. == Kodiranje == Zahtev za [[ISO 639-3]] jezykovy kod, privremeno predloženy jako {{Code|sud}}, byl upućen [[SIL Global|SIL-u]] 28 avgusta 2017,<ref name="sil_change">{{Cite web|author=SIL International|author-link=SIL Global|date=2017-08-28|title=ISO 639-3 Registration Authority Request for Change No. 2017-032|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032.pdf|website=ISO 639-3|publication-place=[[Dallas]]|format=PDF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605171450if_/https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032.pdf|archive-date=2019-06-05|archive-format=PDF|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="sil_new">{{Cite web|author=SIL International|author-link=SIL Global|date=2017-08-28|title=Request for New Language Code Element in ISO 639-3: [sud]|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032_sud.pdf|website=ISO 639-3|publication-place=[[Dallas]]|format=PDF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605171450if_/https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032_sud.pdf|archive-date=2019-06-05|archive-format=PDF|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="sidosi_request">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|date=2017-07-28|title=The Road to ISO 639-3|url=https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=310|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230829154231if_/https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=310|archive-date=2023-08-29|access-date=2018-10-22|df=mdy-all}}</ref> ale byl odrinuly 23 janvara 2018.<ref name="sil_rejection">{{Cite web|author=SIL International|author-link=SIL Global|date=2018-01-23|title=Comments received for ISO 639-3 Change Request 2017-032|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/CR_Comments_2017-032.pdf|website=ISO 639-3|publication-place=[[Dallas]]|format=PDF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605171452if_/https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/CR_Comments_2017-032.pdf|archive-date=2019-06-05|archive-format=PDF|page=2|access-date=2019-09-27|df=mdy-all|quote=Zahtev za stvorenje koda [sud] za Solresol je odrinuły.}}</ref><ref name="sidosi_rejection">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|date=2018-02-01|title=Beyond ISO 639-3 (for now)|url=https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=350|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230829153926if_/https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=350|archive-date=2023-08-29|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Solresol je dobil kody {{Code|qso}} i {{Code|art-x-solresol}} v [[Codes for constructed languages|ConLang Code Registry]].<ref name="clcr">{{Cite web|last=Bettencourt|first=Rebecca G.|date=2015-01-08|title=ConLang Code Registry|url=https://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/|website=Kreative Korporation|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221127152005if_/http://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/|archive-date=2022-11-27|access-date=2021-04-06|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Sedm osnovnyh symbolov bylo predloženo za registraciju v [[ConScript Unicode Registry]].<ref name="csur">{{Cite web|last=Everson|first=Michael|author-link=Michael Everson|date=1997-01-21|title=Solresol: U+E770–U+E77F|url=https://www.evertype.com/standards/csur/solresol.html|website=ConScript Unicode Registry|publisher=Evertype|publication-place=[[Lecanvey]], [[Ireland]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417191120if_/https://www.evertype.com/standards/csur/solresol.html|archive-date=2021-04-17|access-date=2021-04-06|df=mdy-all}}</ref> == Priměrne teksty == ; Članok 1 ''[[Universalna deklaracija prav člověka|Universalnoj deklaracija prav člověka]]'' na medžuslovjanskom : ''Vsi ljudi rodet se svobodnymi i ravnymi v svojem dostojenstvu i pravah. Oni sut obdarjene razumom i svědomjem i muset postupati v odnošenju jedin k drugomu v duhu bratstva.'' ; Prěvod na Solresol : Siré misolredo faremi doredore domisimi re misóla, solfalafá dósila re réfasi. Dófa faremi remila fare dômilafa re dôfasifa, re fafa fasolfa midolǎ fare dômisola lasi sîmisila. ; Predstavjeno koristajuči ''ses'' Solresol : Sé muro fem pepe omúm e múl, salá ósau e éfai. Óf fem ril fe ômauf e ôfaif, e fa fuf ipǎu fe ômul lai âimail. == Gledite takože == * [[muzikalny jezyk]] * [[solfedžio]] * [[Tonic sol-fa]] * [[Voyage to Faremido]] * [[Ro jezyk]] ==Iztočniky== {{Iztočniky}} == Čitati dalje == * {{Cite book|last=Sudre|first=François|year=1866|title=Langue Musicale Universelle|url=http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/ladosol.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070831060525if_/http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/ladosol.html|archive-date=2007-08-31|publication-place=Paris|language=fr}} – HTML verzija celogo teksta Sudreovogo toma iz 1866, s originalnym [https://web.archive.org/web/20070831061613if_/http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/lrls_sosfs.html slovnikom] i [https://web.archive.org/web/20080310234035/http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/solrelaF.html frazeologijom] (v francozskom). * {{Cite book|last1=Couturat|first1=Louis|last2=Leau|first2=Léopold|year=1903|title=Histoire de la Langue Universelle|url=https://archive.org/details/histoiredelalang00coutuoft|publisher=Librairie Hachette|publication-place=[[Paris]]|language=fr|access-date=2025-11-28|df=mdy-all}} * {{Cite book|last=Eco|first=Umberto|author-link=Umberto Eco|date=1997-04-08|title=The Search for the Perfect Language|url=https://archive.org/details/searchforperfect00ecou|publisher=[[Wiley-Blackwell]]|publication-place=[[Cambridge, Massachusetts|Cambridge, Mass.]]|edition=1|series=The Making of Europe|isbn=978-0-631-20510-4|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}} ==Vněšnje linky== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20191115021254if_/https://www.omniglot.com/writing/solresol.htm Solresol jezyk i stenografično pismo] na Omniglot, online enciklopediji sistemov pisanja i jezykov * Anglijsko-Solresol slovniky od [https://web.archive.org/web/20250121193252if_/http://www.datapacrat.com/True/LANG/SOLRESOL/DICTIONA.HTM Jasona Hutchensa] (6 julija 1998) i [https://web.archive.org/web/20100923132246if_/http://www.ifost.org.au/~gregb/solresol/sorsolex.htm Stephena L. Ricea] (19 novembra 1997) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20231130083816if_/http://sharyphil.com/root/solresol-the-project/ SolReSol: Projekt v0.95] od Phila Sharyja, open source Solresol–anglijsky i anglijsky–Solresol překladateľsky program za Windows (32- i 64-bitny) s live MIDI podporom (24 februara 2015) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20250818235352if_/https://wiki.xxiivv.com/site/solresol.html Moderny Simetričny Solresol] od Davida Mondou-Labbého (28 septembra 2023) * [https://eliseduv.dev/solresol/ Překladač Anglijsky↔Solresol] {{Umětne jezyky}} [[Kategorija:1827 introdukcije]] [[Kategorija:Analitične jezyky]] [[Kategorija:Konstruovane jezyky]] [[Kategorija:Medžunarodne pomočne jezyky]] [[Kategorija:jezyky potvrđene od 1820-tyh]] [[Kategorija:muzikalne jezyky]] 7lctqxgkknmjkuvcjd9u083r612jor8 45664 45663 2026-08-13T11:30:25Z Ilja isv 10 45664 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kartka jezyk | name = Solresol | nativename = <center>''[[solfedžio]]'': Sol-Re-Sol</center> | image = Solresol-langage.svg | created = 1827 | creator = [[François Sudre|{{-|François Sudre|Франсуа Судр}}]] | fam1 = [[umětne jezyky]] | fam2 = [[Pomočny jezyk]], [[Umětne jezyky#A priori|a priori]] | fam3 = [[muzikalny jezyk]] | posteriori = [[Umětne jezyky#A priori|a priori]] | script = [[Solresol#pismo Solresol|pismo Solresol]]; [[solfedžio]]; [[noty]]; [[barvy spektra]] | sign = Podpisana notacija; [[tonic sol-fa]] znaky od [[John Curwen]] | iso3 = qso | iso3comment = [https://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/ (lokalno koristane)] | glotto = none | ietf = [https://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/ art-x-solresol] }} '''Solresol''' ([[solfedžio]]: [[G (muzikalna nota)|Sol]]-[[D (muzikalna nota)|Re]]-[[G (muzikalna nota)|Sol]]), prvonačelno nazyvany {{Lang|fr|Langue universelle}} (bukv. 'Universalny jezyk') a potom {{Lang|fr|Langue musicale universelle}} ('Universalny muzikalny jezyk'), je [[muzikalny jezyk|muzikalny]] [[umětny jezyk]], stvorjeny francuzskim učiteljem muziky i kompozitorom [[Jean-François Sudre|{{-|Jean'om-François Sudre|Жаном-Франсуа Судром}}]] (1787–1862), načinajuči od lěta 1817. Njegova kniga, kde oprědjeljaje se {{Lang|fr|Langue Musicale Universelle}}, byla publikovana posmrtno v lětu 1866,<ref name="lmu1866">{{Cite book|last=Sudre|first=François|year=1866|title=Langue Musicale Universelle|url=https://www.ifost.org.au/~gregb/solresol/sudre-book.pdf|format=PDF|url-status=live|publication-place=[[Paris]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320142510if_/http://www.ifost.org.au/~gregb/solresol/sudre-book.pdf|archive-date=2012-03-20|archive-format=PDF|language=fr|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> hoti on uže několik lět prěd tym o tom publikoval članky. Solresol prežil kratky čas popularnosti vo vtoroj polovině 19. stolětja i dostaval finansovu poddržku od takyh osob kako [[Victor Hugo|Viktor Hugo]], [[Alphonse de Lamartine|Alfons de Lamartin]], [[Alexander von Humboldt|Aleksander fon Humboldt]] i [[Napoleon III|Napoleon {{-|III}}]],<ref name="pei">{{Cite book|last=Pei|first=Mario|author-link=Mario Pei|year=1969|title=Wanted: A World Language|type=Pamphlet|series=Public Affairs|volume=434|pages=11–12|publisher=Public Affairs Committee|publication-place=[[New York City]]|url=http://www.autodidactproject.org/other/pei_worldlg.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180125230417if_/http://www.autodidactproject.org/other/pei_worldlg.html|archive-date=2018-01-25|access-date=2025-11-28|df=mdy-all}}</ref> kulminacijeju čego se stala publikacija [[Boleslas Gajewski|Boleslasa Gajewskogo]] {{Lang|fr|Grammaire du Solresol}} v lětu 1902. Dnes jestvujut male skupny entiziastov Solresola, razsypane po cělomu světu.<ref name="sidosi">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|title=Sidosi Home|url=https://www.sidosi.org/|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004090845if_/https://www.sidosi.org/|archive-date=2023-10-04|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> == Evolucija == Jestvuje několiko versij Solresola, každa s malymi razlikami. Tri glavne varijacije, ktore sut ješče v obratu — Sudrova, Gajewskogo i "Moderna"— različajut se glavno v različnyh elementah slovnika, ale zajedno imajut suglas o gramatikě. {{-|Sudre|Судр}} je stvoril jezyk, i zato njegova versija zasluživaje se nazyvati prvonačelnoju versijeju Solresola. Vincent Gajewski, parižsky profesor, popularizoval jezyk kako prědsědnik Centralnogo Komiteta za Izučanje i Sovršenstvovanje Solresola, ktory byl osnovan v lětu 1869 vdovoju Sudra Žozefinoju, da by dalje promotovati jego dělo. Boleslas Gajewski, syn Vincenta i sam profesor, formalizoval gramatiku i napisal oprěděljajuči dělo o jezyku: {{Lang|fr|Grammaire du Solrésol}} (Gramatika Solresola).<ref name="grammar_eng">{{Cite web|last1=Gajewski|first1=Boleslas|last2=Rice|first2=Stephen L.|date=1997-11-19|orig-date=printed 1902 as {{-|Grammaire du Solrésol}}, translated 1997|title=Grammar of Solresol, or the Universal Language of François Sudre | url = http://www.ptialaska.net/~srice/solresol/sorsoeng.htm | website = Stephen L. Rice: The Solresol Page | url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070413035441if_/http://www.ptialaska.net/~srice/solresol/sorsoeng.htm|archive-date=2007-04-13|access-date=2019-09-29| ref = {{sfnref|Gramatika|2005}}}}</ref><ref name="grammar_pdf">{{Cite web|last=Gajewski|first=Boleslas|editor-last1=Rice|editor-first1=Stephen L.|editor-last2=Bigham|editor-first2=Doug|year=2005|orig-date=printed 1902 as {{-|Grammaire du Solrésol}}, translated 1997 (Rice), revised 2005 (Bigham)|title=Grammar of Solresol, or the Universal Language of François Sudre|url=https://i.sidosi.org/resources/grammar-of-solresol-bigham/grammar-of-solresol-bigham.pdf|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217001045if_/https://i.sidosi.org/resources/grammar-of-solresol-bigham/grammar-of-solresol-bigham.pdf|archive-date=2019-12-17|access-date=2019-12-16}}</ref> To je najčesto publikovana versija Solresola, blagodare prěkladu na anglijsky {{-|Stephena L. Rice'a|Стивена Л. Райса}}, sdělanogo v lětu 1997,<ref name="grammar_pdf"/><ref name="grammar_eng"/> so znatnoju čestju slovnika izměnjenoju odnositeljno originala, kako i s něktoroju gramatikoju. Jednym priměrom je slovo ''fasol'', definovano kako "tut" v Sudrovom slovniku, ale kako "začto?" u Gajewskogo. Tretja je neoficijalna verzija razvijana vremenom od komunity, nazvana "Moderny Solresol". Ona koristi Sudreovu verziju kao bazu, s prilagodbami gramatike i slovnika, takimi jako izměna definicij ''sisol'' i ''sila'' od značenja "Gospodin" i "Mlady muž" na sistem [[honorifik|honorifikov]] inspiriran onym koristanym v japonščině; oba su rodno-neutralne titule, jedna za byti poštivy, a druga za byti ljubazny.<ref name="Modern Solresol Dictionary">{{Cite web|last1=Osteen|first1=Garrison|last2=Walters|first2=Scott|last3=Parson|first3=Daniel|last4=Fernandez|first4=Tobias|date=2018-03-12|title=Solresol Dictionary Modernised|url=https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/182okssrHseIggjHGlzWyFH81-o8y8EsvQtJfPJYu6r8/edit|format=XLSX|website=Google Sheets|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250829164017if_/https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/182okssrHseIggjHGlzWyFH81-o8y8EsvQtJfPJYu6r8/edit|archive-date=2025-08-29|archive-format=XLSX|access-date=2019-12-22|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Gajewskogo publikacija donesla razne dodatky ktore ne konfliktu s originalnom verzijom jezyka, taki jako razne nove metody komunikacije,{{sfn|Gramatika|2005|p=16}} vključujući: skup symbolov koristane sedmih barv duhy, i koristane [[tonic sol-fa]] za signiranje jezyka ==Fonologija== [[File:Solresol.svg|thumb|right|Sedm konvencionalnyh not, barv, sylab, čisel i glifov koristanyh za prenos fonemov Solresola]] Solresol może być komunikovany koristajući sedm različnyh predmetov, s maksimumom pet na slovo. Statistički, ty kombinacije daju sedm jedno-sylabnyh slov, 49 dvuh-sylabnyh, 336 tri-sylabnyh, 2.268 četyr-sylabnyh i 9.072 pet-sylabnyh, za ukupno 11.732 mogućih primarnyh slov.<ref name="pei" /> Glavna metoda komunikacije je koristane sedmih [[solfedžio]] sylab (forma [[solmizacija|solmizacije]]), ktore mogu byti akcentovane, prodloužene ili ponovljene. Najprostši način koristati ty sylaby je govoriti ih jako by one byly regularne [[sylaba|sylaby]]. {{Trěba iztočnik|Zbog togo že predchádza [[Medžunarodny fonetičny alfabet|MFA]], ne postoje posebna pravila izgovora izvan standardnyh čitanj solfège. Zbog togo že vsaka sylaba je dovoljno odlična, mogu byti izgovorjene skoro vsakym sposobom, ktory čitatej preferuje.}} Sudre je izložil način transkripcije fonetiky francozskogo (i tako mnogih drugih jezykov) do Solresola, primarno koristany za vlastne imenice.{{r|lmu1866|p=32}} Koristajući občne izgovory kako su dane od strane [[Vikislovnik|Vikislovnika]], je moguće rekonstruovati tabulu glasov koristajući modernu MFA. Zbog malog broja sylab, je potrebno ostaviti kratku pauzu medźu slovami tako da vsako slovo ostane jasno odvojeno. Kako je primetil Boleslas Gajewski: "člověk bi měl věnovati veliku pozornost pauzi po vsakom slovu; ta mala pauza je potrebna za odvajanje slov, tako da slušatelj ne bude zbunjen".{{R|grammar_eng|p=Reversed meanings}} ===Slovnik=== V Solresol [[morfologija (lingvistika)|morfologiji]], vsako slovo je poděleno na kategorije ili značenja ili funkcije, gdźe duža slova su občno specifičnjejša. Slova se razlikuju po treh glavnyh karakteristikah: početnoj sylabě, dužině slova, i tomu da li ima par ponovljenih sylab. Slova koja su jedna i dve sylaby duge su koristana za [[Zaimennik|zaimenniky]] i občne [[Gramatična čestica|čestice]], a ty s ponovljenimi sylabami su [[Gramatično vreme|vremena]]. Slova koja su jednu sylabu duga su posvećena slovima ktora su često koristana (v času stvorenja Solresola). Ty ktore uključuju ponavljajuće sylaby su rezervovane za "čisla, měsece goda, dni neděle i temperatury [pogodne uslove]", na pr. redodo "jedny", remimi "dva" (po Gajewskom). Slova koja su četyri sylaby duga spadaju v razne tematske kategorije. Na pr., slova počinjuća s 'sol', koja ne uključuju ponovljene sylaby, imaju značenja vezana za umetnosti ili nauky (na pr. soldoredo, "umetnost"; solmiredo, "akustika").{{r|lmu1866|p=22.V}} Však, ako slova koja su četyri sylaby duga imaju par ponovljenih sylab, njihova značenja se odnose na bolesti ili medicinu (na pr. solsolredo, "migrena"; solreresol, "ospice").{{r|lmu1866|p=23.VI}} Točnjejše, klase bez ponovljenih sylab su: ''do'': člověk, njegovo tělo i duh, intelektualne sposobnosti, kvalitete i hrana; ''re'': odeća, dom, domaćinstvo i porodica; ''mi'': činjenja človeka i njegove mane; ''fa'': selo, putovanja, vojna, more; ''sol'': lepe umetnosti i nauky; ''la'': industrija i trgovina; ''si'': město, vlada i administracija. S ponovljenimi sylabami, iste sylaby daju: ''do'': religija; ''re'': konstrukcija i razne obrti; ''mi'': predlogi, prislovne fraze i izolovane prislovy; ''fa'': bolesti; ''sol'': bolesti (nast.); ''la'': industrija i trgovina (jako u tipu bez ponavljanja); ''si'': pravda, magistratura i sudovi. Konačno, kombinacije pet sylab označavaju životinje, rośliny i minerale. Po defaultu, vse žive imenice i zaimenniky podrazuměvaju da su mužskogo roda. Za razlikovanje ženskogo roda, bar, [[pomišljaj|pomišljaj]] ili [[makron (diakritika)|makron]] se dodaje na konačnu sylabu odgovarajućeg člena ili samogo slova. V govoru, to se označava ponavljanjem vokala sylaby, s [[glotalna stop|glotalnom stopom]] koja odvaja ponovljenu vokalu od ostatka slova.{{r|lmu1866|p=24}} Však, v modernyh překladah, zaimenniky se ne měnje v zavisnosti od [[Gramatičny rod|roda]]. Umesto toga, oni se prosto prevode na anglijsky kao neutralne zaimenniky; it i they. Jedna unikatna karakteristika Solresola je da značenja mogu byti obrnuta obrtanjem sylab v slovah. Na pr. ''fala'' znači dobro ili ukusno, a ''lafa'' znači zlo. Prekidi v logičkom poredu slov v vsakoj kategoriji su občno uzrokovani tymi obrtivymi slovami.{{r|lmu1866|p=31.XXI}} {| style="background: transparent; border: hidden;" | style="padding: 0 2em;" | {| class="wikitable" | [[File:Solresol - misol.jpg|x88px]] | [[File:Solresol - solmi.jpg|x88px]] |- | style="text-align: center;" | '''misol''': "dobro" | style="text-align: center;" | '''solmi''': "zlo" |} | style="padding-left: 2em;" | {| class="wikitable" | [[File:Solresol - domisol.jpg|x88px]] | [[File:Solresol - solmido.jpg|x88px]] |- | style="text-align: center;" | '''domisol''': "[[Bog]]" | style="text-align: center;" | '''solmido''': "[[Djavol]]" |} |} Však, ne vsa slova su obrtiva v tom smyslu, taki jako ''dorefare'' znači vrat, a ''refaredo'' znači garderoba, ktore očigledno nisu suprotnosti. Slědujuća tabula pokazuje slova do dvuh sylab iz Gajewskogo slovnika: {| class="wikitable" ! {{Diagonal split header|style=height: 3em; width: 7em|1. syl.|2. syl.}} ! ''Nijedna'' ! style="background-color: #f69;" | -do ! style="background-color: #f96;" | -re ! style="background-color: #ff9;" | -mi ! style="background-color: #9f6;" | -fa ! style="background-color: #9ff;" | -sol ! style="background-color: #96f;" | -la ! style="background-color: #f9f;" | -si/-ti |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #f69;" | Do- | style="background-color: #f69;" | ne, ni, niti | style="background-color: #f69;" | (prošlo) | ja, mene || ty [sg] || on || se, sebe || jedny, někto || drugy |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #f96;" | Re- | style="background-color: #f96;" | i, tak jako | moj, moje | style="background-color: #f96;" | (pluperfekt) | tvoj, tvoje [sg] || njegov || naš, naše || vaš, vaše [pl] || njihov |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #ff9;" | Mi- | style="background-color: #ff9;" | ili, ili čak | za, da bi/da || ktory, koja (odnos. zaim.), že (veznik) | style="background-color: #ff9;" | (buduće) | čij, čija || dobro (prisl.) || tutaj je/tu je, gle || dobar večer/noć |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #9f6;" | Fa- | style="background-color: #9f6;" | k, ka | što? || s, sa, zajedno || ovaj, ova, ovo | style="background-color: #9f6;" | (kond.) | začto, iz kog razloga || dobro, ukusno, slasno || mnogo, velmi, krajno |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #9ff;" | Sol- | style="background-color: #9ff;" | ako | ale || v, unutra || zlo, loše (prisl.) || zato, jer | style="background-color: #9ff;" | (imperativ) | věčno, vsegda, bez konca || hvala, hvaly |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #96f;" | <span style="color: #000;">La-</span> | style="background-color: #96f;" | <span style="color: #000;">ty (člen)</span> | ničto, nikto, nijedny || od, po || tutaj, tam || zlo, loše || nikogda, nikad | style="background-color: #96f;" | <span style="color: #000;">(prezentni participij)</span> || od, iz |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #f9f;"| Si-/Ti- | style="background-color: #f9f;" | da, dobro, rado, složeno | isto (stvar) | vsaky, každy | dobro jutro/popoldne | malo, jedva |gospodin, pan |mlady muž, neženja | style="background-color: #f9f;" | <span style="color: #000;">(pasivny participij)</span> |} Određeny člen ima razne forme za [[Nominativ|nominativny]], [[Genitiv|genitivny]] i [[Dativ|dativny]] padež, ili, v anglijskom, za "the", "to the" i "of the": 'la', 'fa' i 'lasi', po redu.{{r|lmu1866|p=23-24.VII-VIII}} ==Gramatika== Osim naglaska i dužiny, slova Solresola se ne inflektuju. Da bi rečenice ostale jasne, posebno s mogućnošću gubitka informacij pri komunikaciji, odredjene časti řeči sleduju strog slovored. :Prěvjesniki vsegda sleduju imenicu ktoru određuju. :Nepremni objekty vsegda dolaze poslě glagola.{{r|lmu1866|p=26.XII}} :Priměry dane v originalnoj dokumentaciji ukazuju na [[subjekt–glagol–objekt slovored|slovored subjekt–glagol–objekt]],{{R|lmu1866|p=29.XVII}} však, to ne bi mělo imati značenje dok rečenica ostaje prosta i jasna. :Vremena vsegda prethode glagolom.{{r|lmu1866|p=30.XIX}} Da bi se slovo stvorilo u množini, [[akút|akútny naglasak]] se dodaje iznad poslednje sylaby, ktory se v govoru izgovara produženjem poslednje bukvy te sylaby.{{r|lmu1866|p=24.IX}} Priměry kako označiti množinu mužskih i ženskih slov: :''resimire'' brat, ''resimirē/resimire-e'' sestra :''resimiré'' bracia, ''resimiréē/resimiré-e'' sestry To utiče samo na prvo slovo v [[imenična fraza|imeničnoj frazi]]. To jest, utiče samo na imenicu kada je imenica sama, jako iznad. Ako je slovo popraćeno gramatičkom česticom (la, fa ili lasi), čestica će nositi oznaku roda i/ili broja umesto toga: :''la resimire'' [ty] brat, ''lā/la-a resimire'' [ta] sestra :''lá resimire'' [ty] bracia, ''láā/lá-a resimire'' [ty] sestry Časti řeči (jako i specifičnjejše definicije za něktora slova) se izvode iz glagol postavljanjem [[cirkumfleks|cirkumfleksa]] iznad jedne od sylab v pisanju, i izgovaranjem te sylaby s [[Glossary of music terminology#R|rinforzando]] (iznenadny naglasak ili [[Dynamics (music)#Gradual changes|crescendo]]). S naglaskom postavljenim na prvu sylabu, slovo postaje imenica. V četyri-sylabnyh slovah, naglašavanje druge sylaby stvara imenicu činitelja. [[Penult]]imna sylaba stvara prěvjesnik, a poslednja stvara prislov.{{r|lmu1866|p=25.XI}} Na pr., :''midofa'' preferovati, ''mîdofa'' preferencija, ''midôfa'' preferabilny, ''midofâ'' preferabilno :''resolmila'' nastaviti, ''rêsolmila'' nastavjenje, ''resôlmila'' jedny ktory nastavlja, ''resolmîla'' staly, ''resolmilâ'' stalno Na kompjuteryh koristajući rasporede klavijatur bez cirkumfleksa, sylaba może być napisana velikimi bukvami, ili [[caret]] postavljen medźu bukvy sylaby ili poslě sylaby. Zbog gramatike i slovoreda Solresola, razlikovanje častij řeči občno nije potrebno za razuměnje rečenice. Razne [[tense–aspect–mood|vremensko-načinske]] čestice su dvojne sylaby, kako je dato u slovniku iznad. Dodatno, po Gajewskom, pasivne glagoly se tvore s ''faremi'' medźu tom česticom i glagolom. Subjunktiv se tvori s ''mire'' pred zaimennikom. Negacija ''do'' se pojavljuje samo jednom v klauzi, pred slovom koje negira. Slovo ''fasi'' pred imenicom ili prěvjesnikom je [[augmentativ|augmentativno]]; poslě njega je [[Degrees of comparison of adjectives and adverbs|superlativ]]. ''Sifa'' je suprotnost ([[diminutiv|diminutivno]]):{{r|lmu1866|p=21.III}} :''fala'' dobro, ''fasi fala'' velmi dobro, ''fala fasi'' odlično, najbolje; ''sifa fala'' dobro (ali ne odlično), ''fala sifa'' ne velmi dobro (i slično s ''lafa'' zlo) :''sisire'' vjetar, ''fasi sisire'' oluja, ''sisire fasi'' ciklon; ''sifa sisire'' povjetarac, ''sisire sifa'' kretanje vazduha Pitanja Pitanja v Solresolu ne dobijaju mnogo pažnje u originalnoj dokumentaciji, niti imaju mnogo priměrov. Sudreova publikacija uključuje tri priměra upitnyh rečenic:{{r|lmu1866|p=127}} :Je vaše zdravlje dobro? – Redofafa? :Hoćete li ići na selo ove godine? – Fadoremi? :Hoćete li ići u pozorište večeras? – Soldoremi? Da bi se to stvorilo kao potvrdna izjava, dodaje se osobny zaimennik poslě: :Moje zdravlje je dobro. – Redofafa dore. :Ići ću na selo ove godine. – Fadoremi dore. :Ići ću u pozorište večeras. – Soldoremi dore. Gajewski umesto toga postavlja subjekt rečenice poslě glagola umesto pred glagolom, konstrukcija občna v evropskih jezycich. Nektery priměry su:{{R|grammar_eng|p=Interrogation and Negation}} :Jesam li? – Faremi dore? :Razumije li on? – Falafa dofa? :Učite li? – Sidosi domi? V vsih verzijah jezyka, postoje slova četyri sylaby duga, ponovljena "Mi" sekcija slovnika koja uključuje neka občna pitanja, taki jako:{{r|lmu1866|p=109.123}} :Miladodo? – Do kogo stepena/mjere? :Milarere? – Dobro? :Misirere? – Kto je to? ==Pismo Solresol== [[File:Solresol symbols.svg|thumb|Simboly Solresola]] Pismo koristano v Solresolu sastoji se od sedmih unikatnyh symbolov, vsaky predstavljajući jednu od sedmih "not". Na pr., "[[C (muzikalna nota)|Do]]" je krug, a "[[G (muzikalna nota)|Sol]]" je horizontalna linija. Slova Solresola se tvore povezivanjem symbolov v poredu kako se pojavljuju v slovu. Dvojne note se predstavljaju križanjem symbola. [[File:Solresol words.svg|thumb|Něktore osnovne slova Solresola]] Druge karakteristike Nepristrasny i relativno prosty Integrovane sistemy ([[znakovny jezyk|znakovny jezyk]], barvy, itd.) za većinu [[invaliditet|ometenj]], odmah operativne bez posebnogo učenja Brzo uspěšno učenje za nepismene (samo sedm sylab ili znakov ili deset bukv za znati i prepoznati) Vrlo prosty ali efektivny sistem za razlikovanje funkcij slov v rečenicah Koristajući [[tonic sol-fa]] sistem od [[John Curwen|Johna Curwena]], Solresol może też być [[znakovny jezyk|znakovano]]. Daljnji razvoj Drugi način koristania Solresola se naziva ''ses'', razvijen od [[C. George Boeree|C. Georgea Boereea]].<ref name="loan_words">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|title=Using loan words in Solresol|url=https://www.tumblr.com/sidosi/181390815161/using-loan-words-in-solresol|website=Tumblr|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251128152044if_/https://www.tumblr.com/sidosi/181390815161/using-loan-words-in-solresol|archive-date=2025-11-28|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Koristajući to, note dobijaju reprezentativne konsonante i vokale (ili diftongy). Najprostša slova koriste samo vokalu, dok vsa druga koriste složenjejšu strukturu sylab. do ⇒ p / o re ⇒ k / e mi ⇒ m / i fa ⇒ f / a sol ⇒ s / u la ⇒ l / au ti ⇒ t / ai Na ovaj način, można pisati ili izgovarati slova taki jako to: : sol-sol-re-do ⇒ suko (cvcv) – migrena Zato što se množina i ženske forme slov u Solresolu označavaju naglaskom ili dužinom glasov, ses koristi ''pau'' (nektory) ili ''fai'' (mnogo) za označavanje množiny, i ''mu'' (dobro) za označavanje ženskogo roda kogda je potrebno. == Kodiranje == Zahtev za [[ISO 639-3]] jezykovy kod, privremeno predloženy jako {{Code|sud}}, byl upućen [[SIL Global|SIL-u]] 28 avgusta 2017,<ref name="sil_change">{{Cite web|author=SIL International|author-link=SIL Global|date=2017-08-28|title=ISO 639-3 Registration Authority Request for Change No. 2017-032|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032.pdf|website=ISO 639-3|publication-place=[[Dallas]]|format=PDF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605171450if_/https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032.pdf|archive-date=2019-06-05|archive-format=PDF|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="sil_new">{{Cite web|author=SIL International|author-link=SIL Global|date=2017-08-28|title=Request for New Language Code Element in ISO 639-3: [sud]|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032_sud.pdf|website=ISO 639-3|publication-place=[[Dallas]]|format=PDF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605171450if_/https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032_sud.pdf|archive-date=2019-06-05|archive-format=PDF|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="sidosi_request">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|date=2017-07-28|title=The Road to ISO 639-3|url=https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=310|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230829154231if_/https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=310|archive-date=2023-08-29|access-date=2018-10-22|df=mdy-all}}</ref> ale byl odrinuly 23 janvara 2018.<ref name="sil_rejection">{{Cite web|author=SIL International|author-link=SIL Global|date=2018-01-23|title=Comments received for ISO 639-3 Change Request 2017-032|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/CR_Comments_2017-032.pdf|website=ISO 639-3|publication-place=[[Dallas]]|format=PDF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605171452if_/https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/CR_Comments_2017-032.pdf|archive-date=2019-06-05|archive-format=PDF|page=2|access-date=2019-09-27|df=mdy-all|quote=Zahtev za stvorenje koda [sud] za Solresol je odrinuły.}}</ref><ref name="sidosi_rejection">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|date=2018-02-01|title=Beyond ISO 639-3 (for now)|url=https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=350|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230829153926if_/https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=350|archive-date=2023-08-29|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Solresol je dobil kody {{Code|qso}} i {{Code|art-x-solresol}} v [[Codes for constructed languages|ConLang Code Registry]].<ref name="clcr">{{Cite web|last=Bettencourt|first=Rebecca G.|date=2015-01-08|title=ConLang Code Registry|url=https://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/|website=Kreative Korporation|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221127152005if_/http://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/|archive-date=2022-11-27|access-date=2021-04-06|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Sedm osnovnyh symbolov bylo predloženo za registraciju v [[ConScript Unicode Registry]].<ref name="csur">{{Cite web|last=Everson|first=Michael|author-link=Michael Everson|date=1997-01-21|title=Solresol: U+E770–U+E77F|url=https://www.evertype.com/standards/csur/solresol.html|website=ConScript Unicode Registry|publisher=Evertype|publication-place=[[Lecanvey]], [[Ireland]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417191120if_/https://www.evertype.com/standards/csur/solresol.html|archive-date=2021-04-17|access-date=2021-04-06|df=mdy-all}}</ref> == Priměrne teksty == ; Članok 1 ''[[Universalna deklaracija prav člověka|Universalnoj deklaracija prav člověka]]'' na medžuslovjanskom : ''Vsi ljudi rodet se svobodnymi i ravnymi v svojem dostojenstvu i pravah. Oni sut obdarjene razumom i svědomjem i muset postupati v odnošenju jedin k drugomu v duhu bratstva.'' ; Prěvod na Solresol : Siré misolredo faremi doredore domisimi re misóla, solfalafá dósila re réfasi. Dófa faremi remila fare dômilafa re dôfasifa, re fafa fasolfa midolǎ fare dômisola lasi sîmisila. ; Predstavjeno koristajuči ''ses'' Solresol : Sé muro fem pepe omúm e múl, salá ósau e éfai. Óf fem ril fe ômauf e ôfaif, e fa fuf ipǎu fe ômul lai âimail. == Gledite takože == * [[muzikalny jezyk]] * [[solfedžio]] * [[Tonic sol-fa]] * [[Voyage to Faremido]] * [[Ro jezyk]] ==Iztočniky== {{Iztočniky}} == Čitati dalje == * {{Cite book|last=Sudre|first=François|year=1866|title=Langue Musicale Universelle|url=http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/ladosol.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070831060525if_/http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/ladosol.html|archive-date=2007-08-31|publication-place=Paris|language=fr}} – HTML verzija celogo teksta Sudreovogo toma iz 1866, s originalnym [https://web.archive.org/web/20070831061613if_/http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/lrls_sosfs.html slovnikom] i [https://web.archive.org/web/20080310234035/http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/solrelaF.html frazeologijom] (v francozskom). * {{Cite book|last1=Couturat|first1=Louis|last2=Leau|first2=Léopold|year=1903|title=Histoire de la Langue Universelle|url=https://archive.org/details/histoiredelalang00coutuoft|publisher=Librairie Hachette|publication-place=[[Paris]]|language=fr|access-date=2025-11-28|df=mdy-all}} * {{Cite book|last=Eco|first=Umberto|author-link=Umberto Eco|date=1997-04-08|title=The Search for the Perfect Language|url=https://archive.org/details/searchforperfect00ecou|publisher=[[Wiley-Blackwell]]|publication-place=[[Cambridge, Massachusetts|Cambridge, Mass.]]|edition=1|series=The Making of Europe|isbn=978-0-631-20510-4|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}} ==Vněšnje linky== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20191115021254if_/https://www.omniglot.com/writing/solresol.htm Solresol jezyk i stenografično pismo] na Omniglot, online enciklopediji sistemov pisanja i jezykov * Anglijsko-Solresol slovniky od [https://web.archive.org/web/20250121193252if_/http://www.datapacrat.com/True/LANG/SOLRESOL/DICTIONA.HTM Jasona Hutchensa] (6 julija 1998) i [https://web.archive.org/web/20100923132246if_/http://www.ifost.org.au/~gregb/solresol/sorsolex.htm Stephena L. Ricea] (19 novembra 1997) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20231130083816if_/http://sharyphil.com/root/solresol-the-project/ SolReSol: Projekt v0.95] od Phila Sharyja, open source Solresol–anglijsky i anglijsky–Solresol překladateľsky program za Windows (32- i 64-bitny) s live MIDI podporom (24 februara 2015) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20250818235352if_/https://wiki.xxiivv.com/site/solresol.html Moderny Simetričny Solresol] od Davida Mondou-Labbého (28 septembra 2023) * [https://eliseduv.dev/solresol/ Překladač Anglijsky↔Solresol] {{Umětne jezyky}} [[Kategorija:1827 introdukcije]] [[Kategorija:Analitične jezyky]] [[Kategorija:Konstruovane jezyky]] [[Kategorija:Medžunarodne pomočne jezyky]] [[Kategorija:jezyky potvrđene od 1820-tyh]] [[Kategorija:muzikalne jezyky]] pr0ddk1388d6funi2wl1k9tr6rdpmh1 45665 45664 2026-08-13T11:30:52Z Ilja isv 10 45665 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kartka jezyk | name = Solresol | nativename = <center>''[[solfedžio]]'': Sol-Re-Sol</center> | image = Solresol-langage.svg | created = 1827 | creator = [[François Sudre|{{-|François Sudre|Франсуа Судр}}]] | fam1 = [[umětne jezyky]] | fam2 = [[Pomočny jezyk]], [[Umětne jezyky#A priori|a priori]] | fam3 = [[muzikalny jezyk]] | posteriori = [[Umětne jezyky#A priori|a priori]] | script = [[Solresol#pismo Solresol|pismo Solresol]]; [[solfedžio]]; [[noty]]; [[barvy spektra]] | sign = Podpisana notacija; [[tonic sol-fa]] znaky od [[John Curwen]] | iso3 = qso | iso3comment = [https://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/ (lokalno koristane)] | glotto = none | ietf = [https://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/ art-x-solresol] }} '''Solresol''' ([[solfedžio]]: [[G (muzikalna nota)|Sol]]-[[D (muzikalna nota)|Re]]-[[G (muzikalna nota)|Sol]]), prvonačelno nazyvany {{Lang|fr|Langue universelle}} (bukv. 'Universalny jezyk') a potom {{Lang|fr|Langue musicale universelle}} ('Universalny muzikalny jezyk'), je [[muzikalny jezyk|muzikalny]] [[umětny jezyk]], stvorjeny francuzskim učiteljem muziky i kompozitorom [[Jean-François Sudre|{{-|Jean'om-François Sudre|Жаном-Франсуа Судром}}]] (1787–1862), načinajuči od lěta 1817. Njegova kniga, kde oprědjeljaje se {{Lang|fr|Langue Musicale Universelle}}, byla publikovana posmrtno v lětu 1866,<ref name="lmu1866">{{Cite book|last=Sudre|first=François|year=1866|title=Langue Musicale Universelle|url=https://www.ifost.org.au/~gregb/solresol/sudre-book.pdf|format=PDF|url-status=live|publication-place=[[Paris]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320142510if_/http://www.ifost.org.au/~gregb/solresol/sudre-book.pdf|archive-date=2012-03-20|archive-format=PDF|language=fr|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> hoti on uže několik lět prěd tym o tom publikoval članky. Solresol prežil kratky čas popularnosti vo vtoroj polovině 19. stolětja i dostaval finansovu poddržku od takyh osob kako [[Victor Hugo|Viktor Hugo]], [[Alphonse de Lamartine|Alfons de Lamartin]], [[Alexander von Humboldt|Aleksander fon Humboldt]] i [[Napoleon III|Napoleon {{-|III}}]],<ref name="pei">{{Cite book|last=Pei|first=Mario|author-link=Mario Pei|year=1969|title=Wanted: A World Language|type=Pamphlet|series=Public Affairs|volume=434|pages=11–12|publisher=Public Affairs Committee|publication-place=[[New York City]]|url=http://www.autodidactproject.org/other/pei_worldlg.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180125230417if_/http://www.autodidactproject.org/other/pei_worldlg.html|archive-date=2018-01-25|access-date=2025-11-28|df=mdy-all}}</ref> kulminacijeju čego se stala publikacija [[Boleslas Gajewski|Boleslasa Gajewskogo]] {{Lang|fr|Grammaire du Solresol}} v lětu 1902. Dnes jestvujut male skupiny entiziastov Solresola, razsypane po cělomu světu.<ref name="sidosi">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|title=Sidosi Home|url=https://www.sidosi.org/|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004090845if_/https://www.sidosi.org/|archive-date=2023-10-04|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> == Evolucija == Jestvuje několiko versij Solresola, každa s malymi razlikami. Tri glavne varijacije, ktore sut ješče v obratu — Sudrova, Gajewskogo i "Moderna"— različajut se glavno v različnyh elementah slovnika, ale zajedno imajut suglas o gramatikě. {{-|Sudre|Судр}} je stvoril jezyk, i zato njegova versija zasluživaje se nazyvati prvonačelnoju versijeju Solresola. Vincent Gajewski, parižsky profesor, popularizoval jezyk kako prědsědnik Centralnogo Komiteta za Izučanje i Sovršenstvovanje Solresola, ktory byl osnovan v lětu 1869 vdovoju Sudra Žozefinoju, da by dalje promotovati jego dělo. Boleslas Gajewski, syn Vincenta i sam profesor, formalizoval gramatiku i napisal oprěděljajuči dělo o jezyku: {{Lang|fr|Grammaire du Solrésol}} (Gramatika Solresola).<ref name="grammar_eng">{{Cite web|last1=Gajewski|first1=Boleslas|last2=Rice|first2=Stephen L.|date=1997-11-19|orig-date=printed 1902 as {{-|Grammaire du Solrésol}}, translated 1997|title=Grammar of Solresol, or the Universal Language of François Sudre | url = http://www.ptialaska.net/~srice/solresol/sorsoeng.htm | website = Stephen L. Rice: The Solresol Page | url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070413035441if_/http://www.ptialaska.net/~srice/solresol/sorsoeng.htm|archive-date=2007-04-13|access-date=2019-09-29| ref = {{sfnref|Gramatika|2005}}}}</ref><ref name="grammar_pdf">{{Cite web|last=Gajewski|first=Boleslas|editor-last1=Rice|editor-first1=Stephen L.|editor-last2=Bigham|editor-first2=Doug|year=2005|orig-date=printed 1902 as {{-|Grammaire du Solrésol}}, translated 1997 (Rice), revised 2005 (Bigham)|title=Grammar of Solresol, or the Universal Language of François Sudre|url=https://i.sidosi.org/resources/grammar-of-solresol-bigham/grammar-of-solresol-bigham.pdf|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217001045if_/https://i.sidosi.org/resources/grammar-of-solresol-bigham/grammar-of-solresol-bigham.pdf|archive-date=2019-12-17|access-date=2019-12-16}}</ref> To je najčesto publikovana versija Solresola, blagodare prěkladu na anglijsky {{-|Stephena L. Rice'a|Стивена Л. Райса}}, sdělanogo v lětu 1997,<ref name="grammar_pdf"/><ref name="grammar_eng"/> so znatnoju čestju slovnika izměnjenoju odnositeljno originala, kako i s něktoroju gramatikoju. Jednym priměrom je slovo ''fasol'', definovano kako "tut" v Sudrovom slovniku, ale kako "začto?" u Gajewskogo. Tretja je neoficijalna verzija razvijana vremenom od komunity, nazvana "Moderny Solresol". Ona koristi Sudreovu verziju kao bazu, s prilagodbami gramatike i slovnika, takimi jako izměna definicij ''sisol'' i ''sila'' od značenja "Gospodin" i "Mlady muž" na sistem [[honorifik|honorifikov]] inspiriran onym koristanym v japonščině; oba su rodno-neutralne titule, jedna za byti poštivy, a druga za byti ljubazny.<ref name="Modern Solresol Dictionary">{{Cite web|last1=Osteen|first1=Garrison|last2=Walters|first2=Scott|last3=Parson|first3=Daniel|last4=Fernandez|first4=Tobias|date=2018-03-12|title=Solresol Dictionary Modernised|url=https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/182okssrHseIggjHGlzWyFH81-o8y8EsvQtJfPJYu6r8/edit|format=XLSX|website=Google Sheets|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250829164017if_/https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/182okssrHseIggjHGlzWyFH81-o8y8EsvQtJfPJYu6r8/edit|archive-date=2025-08-29|archive-format=XLSX|access-date=2019-12-22|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Gajewskogo publikacija donesla razne dodatky ktore ne konfliktu s originalnom verzijom jezyka, taki jako razne nove metody komunikacije,{{sfn|Gramatika|2005|p=16}} vključujući: skup symbolov koristane sedmih barv duhy, i koristane [[tonic sol-fa]] za signiranje jezyka ==Fonologija== [[File:Solresol.svg|thumb|right|Sedm konvencionalnyh not, barv, sylab, čisel i glifov koristanyh za prenos fonemov Solresola]] Solresol może być komunikovany koristajući sedm različnyh predmetov, s maksimumom pet na slovo. Statistički, ty kombinacije daju sedm jedno-sylabnyh slov, 49 dvuh-sylabnyh, 336 tri-sylabnyh, 2.268 četyr-sylabnyh i 9.072 pet-sylabnyh, za ukupno 11.732 mogućih primarnyh slov.<ref name="pei" /> Glavna metoda komunikacije je koristane sedmih [[solfedžio]] sylab (forma [[solmizacija|solmizacije]]), ktore mogu byti akcentovane, prodloužene ili ponovljene. Najprostši način koristati ty sylaby je govoriti ih jako by one byly regularne [[sylaba|sylaby]]. {{Trěba iztočnik|Zbog togo že predchádza [[Medžunarodny fonetičny alfabet|MFA]], ne postoje posebna pravila izgovora izvan standardnyh čitanj solfège. Zbog togo že vsaka sylaba je dovoljno odlična, mogu byti izgovorjene skoro vsakym sposobom, ktory čitatej preferuje.}} Sudre je izložil način transkripcije fonetiky francozskogo (i tako mnogih drugih jezykov) do Solresola, primarno koristany za vlastne imenice.{{r|lmu1866|p=32}} Koristajući občne izgovory kako su dane od strane [[Vikislovnik|Vikislovnika]], je moguće rekonstruovati tabulu glasov koristajući modernu MFA. Zbog malog broja sylab, je potrebno ostaviti kratku pauzu medźu slovami tako da vsako slovo ostane jasno odvojeno. Kako je primetil Boleslas Gajewski: "člověk bi měl věnovati veliku pozornost pauzi po vsakom slovu; ta mala pauza je potrebna za odvajanje slov, tako da slušatelj ne bude zbunjen".{{R|grammar_eng|p=Reversed meanings}} ===Slovnik=== V Solresol [[morfologija (lingvistika)|morfologiji]], vsako slovo je poděleno na kategorije ili značenja ili funkcije, gdźe duža slova su občno specifičnjejša. Slova se razlikuju po treh glavnyh karakteristikah: početnoj sylabě, dužině slova, i tomu da li ima par ponovljenih sylab. Slova koja su jedna i dve sylaby duge su koristana za [[Zaimennik|zaimenniky]] i občne [[Gramatična čestica|čestice]], a ty s ponovljenimi sylabami su [[Gramatično vreme|vremena]]. Slova koja su jednu sylabu duga su posvećena slovima ktora su često koristana (v času stvorenja Solresola). Ty ktore uključuju ponavljajuće sylaby su rezervovane za "čisla, měsece goda, dni neděle i temperatury [pogodne uslove]", na pr. redodo "jedny", remimi "dva" (po Gajewskom). Slova koja su četyri sylaby duga spadaju v razne tematske kategorije. Na pr., slova počinjuća s 'sol', koja ne uključuju ponovljene sylaby, imaju značenja vezana za umetnosti ili nauky (na pr. soldoredo, "umetnost"; solmiredo, "akustika").{{r|lmu1866|p=22.V}} Však, ako slova koja su četyri sylaby duga imaju par ponovljenih sylab, njihova značenja se odnose na bolesti ili medicinu (na pr. solsolredo, "migrena"; solreresol, "ospice").{{r|lmu1866|p=23.VI}} Točnjejše, klase bez ponovljenih sylab su: ''do'': člověk, njegovo tělo i duh, intelektualne sposobnosti, kvalitete i hrana; ''re'': odeća, dom, domaćinstvo i porodica; ''mi'': činjenja človeka i njegove mane; ''fa'': selo, putovanja, vojna, more; ''sol'': lepe umetnosti i nauky; ''la'': industrija i trgovina; ''si'': město, vlada i administracija. S ponovljenimi sylabami, iste sylaby daju: ''do'': religija; ''re'': konstrukcija i razne obrti; ''mi'': predlogi, prislovne fraze i izolovane prislovy; ''fa'': bolesti; ''sol'': bolesti (nast.); ''la'': industrija i trgovina (jako u tipu bez ponavljanja); ''si'': pravda, magistratura i sudovi. Konačno, kombinacije pet sylab označavaju životinje, rośliny i minerale. Po defaultu, vse žive imenice i zaimenniky podrazuměvaju da su mužskogo roda. Za razlikovanje ženskogo roda, bar, [[pomišljaj|pomišljaj]] ili [[makron (diakritika)|makron]] se dodaje na konačnu sylabu odgovarajućeg člena ili samogo slova. V govoru, to se označava ponavljanjem vokala sylaby, s [[glotalna stop|glotalnom stopom]] koja odvaja ponovljenu vokalu od ostatka slova.{{r|lmu1866|p=24}} Však, v modernyh překladah, zaimenniky se ne měnje v zavisnosti od [[Gramatičny rod|roda]]. Umesto toga, oni se prosto prevode na anglijsky kao neutralne zaimenniky; it i they. Jedna unikatna karakteristika Solresola je da značenja mogu byti obrnuta obrtanjem sylab v slovah. Na pr. ''fala'' znači dobro ili ukusno, a ''lafa'' znači zlo. Prekidi v logičkom poredu slov v vsakoj kategoriji su občno uzrokovani tymi obrtivymi slovami.{{r|lmu1866|p=31.XXI}} {| style="background: transparent; border: hidden;" | style="padding: 0 2em;" | {| class="wikitable" | [[File:Solresol - misol.jpg|x88px]] | [[File:Solresol - solmi.jpg|x88px]] |- | style="text-align: center;" | '''misol''': "dobro" | style="text-align: center;" | '''solmi''': "zlo" |} | style="padding-left: 2em;" | {| class="wikitable" | [[File:Solresol - domisol.jpg|x88px]] | [[File:Solresol - solmido.jpg|x88px]] |- | style="text-align: center;" | '''domisol''': "[[Bog]]" | style="text-align: center;" | '''solmido''': "[[Djavol]]" |} |} Však, ne vsa slova su obrtiva v tom smyslu, taki jako ''dorefare'' znači vrat, a ''refaredo'' znači garderoba, ktore očigledno nisu suprotnosti. Slědujuća tabula pokazuje slova do dvuh sylab iz Gajewskogo slovnika: {| class="wikitable" ! {{Diagonal split header|style=height: 3em; width: 7em|1. syl.|2. syl.}} ! ''Nijedna'' ! style="background-color: #f69;" | -do ! style="background-color: #f96;" | -re ! style="background-color: #ff9;" | -mi ! style="background-color: #9f6;" | -fa ! style="background-color: #9ff;" | -sol ! style="background-color: #96f;" | -la ! style="background-color: #f9f;" | -si/-ti |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #f69;" | Do- | style="background-color: #f69;" | ne, ni, niti | style="background-color: #f69;" | (prošlo) | ja, mene || ty [sg] || on || se, sebe || jedny, někto || drugy |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #f96;" | Re- | style="background-color: #f96;" | i, tak jako | moj, moje | style="background-color: #f96;" | (pluperfekt) | tvoj, tvoje [sg] || njegov || naš, naše || vaš, vaše [pl] || njihov |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #ff9;" | Mi- | style="background-color: #ff9;" | ili, ili čak | za, da bi/da || ktory, koja (odnos. zaim.), že (veznik) | style="background-color: #ff9;" | (buduće) | čij, čija || dobro (prisl.) || tutaj je/tu je, gle || dobar večer/noć |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #9f6;" | Fa- | style="background-color: #9f6;" | k, ka | što? || s, sa, zajedno || ovaj, ova, ovo | style="background-color: #9f6;" | (kond.) | začto, iz kog razloga || dobro, ukusno, slasno || mnogo, velmi, krajno |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #9ff;" | Sol- | style="background-color: #9ff;" | ako | ale || v, unutra || zlo, loše (prisl.) || zato, jer | style="background-color: #9ff;" | (imperativ) | věčno, vsegda, bez konca || hvala, hvaly |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #96f;" | <span style="color: #000;">La-</span> | style="background-color: #96f;" | <span style="color: #000;">ty (člen)</span> | ničto, nikto, nijedny || od, po || tutaj, tam || zlo, loše || nikogda, nikad | style="background-color: #96f;" | <span style="color: #000;">(prezentni participij)</span> || od, iz |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #f9f;"| Si-/Ti- | style="background-color: #f9f;" | da, dobro, rado, složeno | isto (stvar) | vsaky, každy | dobro jutro/popoldne | malo, jedva |gospodin, pan |mlady muž, neženja | style="background-color: #f9f;" | <span style="color: #000;">(pasivny participij)</span> |} Određeny člen ima razne forme za [[Nominativ|nominativny]], [[Genitiv|genitivny]] i [[Dativ|dativny]] padež, ili, v anglijskom, za "the", "to the" i "of the": 'la', 'fa' i 'lasi', po redu.{{r|lmu1866|p=23-24.VII-VIII}} ==Gramatika== Osim naglaska i dužiny, slova Solresola se ne inflektuju. Da bi rečenice ostale jasne, posebno s mogućnošću gubitka informacij pri komunikaciji, odredjene časti řeči sleduju strog slovored. :Prěvjesniki vsegda sleduju imenicu ktoru određuju. :Nepremni objekty vsegda dolaze poslě glagola.{{r|lmu1866|p=26.XII}} :Priměry dane v originalnoj dokumentaciji ukazuju na [[subjekt–glagol–objekt slovored|slovored subjekt–glagol–objekt]],{{R|lmu1866|p=29.XVII}} však, to ne bi mělo imati značenje dok rečenica ostaje prosta i jasna. :Vremena vsegda prethode glagolom.{{r|lmu1866|p=30.XIX}} Da bi se slovo stvorilo u množini, [[akút|akútny naglasak]] se dodaje iznad poslednje sylaby, ktory se v govoru izgovara produženjem poslednje bukvy te sylaby.{{r|lmu1866|p=24.IX}} Priměry kako označiti množinu mužskih i ženskih slov: :''resimire'' brat, ''resimirē/resimire-e'' sestra :''resimiré'' bracia, ''resimiréē/resimiré-e'' sestry To utiče samo na prvo slovo v [[imenična fraza|imeničnoj frazi]]. To jest, utiče samo na imenicu kada je imenica sama, jako iznad. Ako je slovo popraćeno gramatičkom česticom (la, fa ili lasi), čestica će nositi oznaku roda i/ili broja umesto toga: :''la resimire'' [ty] brat, ''lā/la-a resimire'' [ta] sestra :''lá resimire'' [ty] bracia, ''láā/lá-a resimire'' [ty] sestry Časti řeči (jako i specifičnjejše definicije za něktora slova) se izvode iz glagol postavljanjem [[cirkumfleks|cirkumfleksa]] iznad jedne od sylab v pisanju, i izgovaranjem te sylaby s [[Glossary of music terminology#R|rinforzando]] (iznenadny naglasak ili [[Dynamics (music)#Gradual changes|crescendo]]). S naglaskom postavljenim na prvu sylabu, slovo postaje imenica. V četyri-sylabnyh slovah, naglašavanje druge sylaby stvara imenicu činitelja. [[Penult]]imna sylaba stvara prěvjesnik, a poslednja stvara prislov.{{r|lmu1866|p=25.XI}} Na pr., :''midofa'' preferovati, ''mîdofa'' preferencija, ''midôfa'' preferabilny, ''midofâ'' preferabilno :''resolmila'' nastaviti, ''rêsolmila'' nastavjenje, ''resôlmila'' jedny ktory nastavlja, ''resolmîla'' staly, ''resolmilâ'' stalno Na kompjuteryh koristajući rasporede klavijatur bez cirkumfleksa, sylaba może być napisana velikimi bukvami, ili [[caret]] postavljen medźu bukvy sylaby ili poslě sylaby. Zbog gramatike i slovoreda Solresola, razlikovanje častij řeči občno nije potrebno za razuměnje rečenice. Razne [[tense–aspect–mood|vremensko-načinske]] čestice su dvojne sylaby, kako je dato u slovniku iznad. Dodatno, po Gajewskom, pasivne glagoly se tvore s ''faremi'' medźu tom česticom i glagolom. Subjunktiv se tvori s ''mire'' pred zaimennikom. Negacija ''do'' se pojavljuje samo jednom v klauzi, pred slovom koje negira. Slovo ''fasi'' pred imenicom ili prěvjesnikom je [[augmentativ|augmentativno]]; poslě njega je [[Degrees of comparison of adjectives and adverbs|superlativ]]. ''Sifa'' je suprotnost ([[diminutiv|diminutivno]]):{{r|lmu1866|p=21.III}} :''fala'' dobro, ''fasi fala'' velmi dobro, ''fala fasi'' odlično, najbolje; ''sifa fala'' dobro (ali ne odlično), ''fala sifa'' ne velmi dobro (i slično s ''lafa'' zlo) :''sisire'' vjetar, ''fasi sisire'' oluja, ''sisire fasi'' ciklon; ''sifa sisire'' povjetarac, ''sisire sifa'' kretanje vazduha Pitanja Pitanja v Solresolu ne dobijaju mnogo pažnje u originalnoj dokumentaciji, niti imaju mnogo priměrov. Sudreova publikacija uključuje tri priměra upitnyh rečenic:{{r|lmu1866|p=127}} :Je vaše zdravlje dobro? – Redofafa? :Hoćete li ići na selo ove godine? – Fadoremi? :Hoćete li ići u pozorište večeras? – Soldoremi? Da bi se to stvorilo kao potvrdna izjava, dodaje se osobny zaimennik poslě: :Moje zdravlje je dobro. – Redofafa dore. :Ići ću na selo ove godine. – Fadoremi dore. :Ići ću u pozorište večeras. – Soldoremi dore. Gajewski umesto toga postavlja subjekt rečenice poslě glagola umesto pred glagolom, konstrukcija občna v evropskih jezycich. Nektery priměry su:{{R|grammar_eng|p=Interrogation and Negation}} :Jesam li? – Faremi dore? :Razumije li on? – Falafa dofa? :Učite li? – Sidosi domi? V vsih verzijah jezyka, postoje slova četyri sylaby duga, ponovljena "Mi" sekcija slovnika koja uključuje neka občna pitanja, taki jako:{{r|lmu1866|p=109.123}} :Miladodo? – Do kogo stepena/mjere? :Milarere? – Dobro? :Misirere? – Kto je to? ==Pismo Solresol== [[File:Solresol symbols.svg|thumb|Simboly Solresola]] Pismo koristano v Solresolu sastoji se od sedmih unikatnyh symbolov, vsaky predstavljajući jednu od sedmih "not". Na pr., "[[C (muzikalna nota)|Do]]" je krug, a "[[G (muzikalna nota)|Sol]]" je horizontalna linija. Slova Solresola se tvore povezivanjem symbolov v poredu kako se pojavljuju v slovu. Dvojne note se predstavljaju križanjem symbola. [[File:Solresol words.svg|thumb|Něktore osnovne slova Solresola]] Druge karakteristike Nepristrasny i relativno prosty Integrovane sistemy ([[znakovny jezyk|znakovny jezyk]], barvy, itd.) za većinu [[invaliditet|ometenj]], odmah operativne bez posebnogo učenja Brzo uspěšno učenje za nepismene (samo sedm sylab ili znakov ili deset bukv za znati i prepoznati) Vrlo prosty ali efektivny sistem za razlikovanje funkcij slov v rečenicah Koristajući [[tonic sol-fa]] sistem od [[John Curwen|Johna Curwena]], Solresol może też być [[znakovny jezyk|znakovano]]. Daljnji razvoj Drugi način koristania Solresola se naziva ''ses'', razvijen od [[C. George Boeree|C. Georgea Boereea]].<ref name="loan_words">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|title=Using loan words in Solresol|url=https://www.tumblr.com/sidosi/181390815161/using-loan-words-in-solresol|website=Tumblr|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251128152044if_/https://www.tumblr.com/sidosi/181390815161/using-loan-words-in-solresol|archive-date=2025-11-28|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Koristajući to, note dobijaju reprezentativne konsonante i vokale (ili diftongy). Najprostša slova koriste samo vokalu, dok vsa druga koriste složenjejšu strukturu sylab. do ⇒ p / o re ⇒ k / e mi ⇒ m / i fa ⇒ f / a sol ⇒ s / u la ⇒ l / au ti ⇒ t / ai Na ovaj način, można pisati ili izgovarati slova taki jako to: : sol-sol-re-do ⇒ suko (cvcv) – migrena Zato što se množina i ženske forme slov u Solresolu označavaju naglaskom ili dužinom glasov, ses koristi ''pau'' (nektory) ili ''fai'' (mnogo) za označavanje množiny, i ''mu'' (dobro) za označavanje ženskogo roda kogda je potrebno. == Kodiranje == Zahtev za [[ISO 639-3]] jezykovy kod, privremeno predloženy jako {{Code|sud}}, byl upućen [[SIL Global|SIL-u]] 28 avgusta 2017,<ref name="sil_change">{{Cite web|author=SIL International|author-link=SIL Global|date=2017-08-28|title=ISO 639-3 Registration Authority Request for Change No. 2017-032|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032.pdf|website=ISO 639-3|publication-place=[[Dallas]]|format=PDF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605171450if_/https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032.pdf|archive-date=2019-06-05|archive-format=PDF|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="sil_new">{{Cite web|author=SIL International|author-link=SIL Global|date=2017-08-28|title=Request for New Language Code Element in ISO 639-3: [sud]|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032_sud.pdf|website=ISO 639-3|publication-place=[[Dallas]]|format=PDF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605171450if_/https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032_sud.pdf|archive-date=2019-06-05|archive-format=PDF|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="sidosi_request">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|date=2017-07-28|title=The Road to ISO 639-3|url=https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=310|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230829154231if_/https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=310|archive-date=2023-08-29|access-date=2018-10-22|df=mdy-all}}</ref> ale byl odrinuly 23 janvara 2018.<ref name="sil_rejection">{{Cite web|author=SIL International|author-link=SIL Global|date=2018-01-23|title=Comments received for ISO 639-3 Change Request 2017-032|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/CR_Comments_2017-032.pdf|website=ISO 639-3|publication-place=[[Dallas]]|format=PDF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605171452if_/https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/CR_Comments_2017-032.pdf|archive-date=2019-06-05|archive-format=PDF|page=2|access-date=2019-09-27|df=mdy-all|quote=Zahtev za stvorenje koda [sud] za Solresol je odrinuły.}}</ref><ref name="sidosi_rejection">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|date=2018-02-01|title=Beyond ISO 639-3 (for now)|url=https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=350|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230829153926if_/https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=350|archive-date=2023-08-29|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Solresol je dobil kody {{Code|qso}} i {{Code|art-x-solresol}} v [[Codes for constructed languages|ConLang Code Registry]].<ref name="clcr">{{Cite web|last=Bettencourt|first=Rebecca G.|date=2015-01-08|title=ConLang Code Registry|url=https://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/|website=Kreative Korporation|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221127152005if_/http://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/|archive-date=2022-11-27|access-date=2021-04-06|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Sedm osnovnyh symbolov bylo predloženo za registraciju v [[ConScript Unicode Registry]].<ref name="csur">{{Cite web|last=Everson|first=Michael|author-link=Michael Everson|date=1997-01-21|title=Solresol: U+E770–U+E77F|url=https://www.evertype.com/standards/csur/solresol.html|website=ConScript Unicode Registry|publisher=Evertype|publication-place=[[Lecanvey]], [[Ireland]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417191120if_/https://www.evertype.com/standards/csur/solresol.html|archive-date=2021-04-17|access-date=2021-04-06|df=mdy-all}}</ref> == Priměrne teksty == ; Članok 1 ''[[Universalna deklaracija prav člověka|Universalnoj deklaracija prav člověka]]'' na medžuslovjanskom : ''Vsi ljudi rodet se svobodnymi i ravnymi v svojem dostojenstvu i pravah. Oni sut obdarjene razumom i svědomjem i muset postupati v odnošenju jedin k drugomu v duhu bratstva.'' ; Prěvod na Solresol : Siré misolredo faremi doredore domisimi re misóla, solfalafá dósila re réfasi. Dófa faremi remila fare dômilafa re dôfasifa, re fafa fasolfa midolǎ fare dômisola lasi sîmisila. ; Predstavjeno koristajuči ''ses'' Solresol : Sé muro fem pepe omúm e múl, salá ósau e éfai. Óf fem ril fe ômauf e ôfaif, e fa fuf ipǎu fe ômul lai âimail. == Gledite takože == * [[muzikalny jezyk]] * [[solfedžio]] * [[Tonic sol-fa]] * [[Voyage to Faremido]] * [[Ro jezyk]] ==Iztočniky== {{Iztočniky}} == Čitati dalje == * {{Cite book|last=Sudre|first=François|year=1866|title=Langue Musicale Universelle|url=http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/ladosol.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070831060525if_/http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/ladosol.html|archive-date=2007-08-31|publication-place=Paris|language=fr}} – HTML verzija celogo teksta Sudreovogo toma iz 1866, s originalnym [https://web.archive.org/web/20070831061613if_/http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/lrls_sosfs.html slovnikom] i [https://web.archive.org/web/20080310234035/http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/solrelaF.html frazeologijom] (v francozskom). * {{Cite book|last1=Couturat|first1=Louis|last2=Leau|first2=Léopold|year=1903|title=Histoire de la Langue Universelle|url=https://archive.org/details/histoiredelalang00coutuoft|publisher=Librairie Hachette|publication-place=[[Paris]]|language=fr|access-date=2025-11-28|df=mdy-all}} * {{Cite book|last=Eco|first=Umberto|author-link=Umberto Eco|date=1997-04-08|title=The Search for the Perfect Language|url=https://archive.org/details/searchforperfect00ecou|publisher=[[Wiley-Blackwell]]|publication-place=[[Cambridge, Massachusetts|Cambridge, Mass.]]|edition=1|series=The Making of Europe|isbn=978-0-631-20510-4|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}} ==Vněšnje linky== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20191115021254if_/https://www.omniglot.com/writing/solresol.htm Solresol jezyk i stenografično pismo] na Omniglot, online enciklopediji sistemov pisanja i jezykov * Anglijsko-Solresol slovniky od [https://web.archive.org/web/20250121193252if_/http://www.datapacrat.com/True/LANG/SOLRESOL/DICTIONA.HTM Jasona Hutchensa] (6 julija 1998) i [https://web.archive.org/web/20100923132246if_/http://www.ifost.org.au/~gregb/solresol/sorsolex.htm Stephena L. Ricea] (19 novembra 1997) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20231130083816if_/http://sharyphil.com/root/solresol-the-project/ SolReSol: Projekt v0.95] od Phila Sharyja, open source Solresol–anglijsky i anglijsky–Solresol překladateľsky program za Windows (32- i 64-bitny) s live MIDI podporom (24 februara 2015) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20250818235352if_/https://wiki.xxiivv.com/site/solresol.html Moderny Simetričny Solresol] od Davida Mondou-Labbého (28 septembra 2023) * [https://eliseduv.dev/solresol/ Překladač Anglijsky↔Solresol] {{Umětne jezyky}} [[Kategorija:1827 introdukcije]] [[Kategorija:Analitične jezyky]] [[Kategorija:Konstruovane jezyky]] [[Kategorija:Medžunarodne pomočne jezyky]] [[Kategorija:jezyky potvrđene od 1820-tyh]] [[Kategorija:muzikalne jezyky]] t3gm115nc420ekk5cqsk67ec24pqqgt 45666 45665 2026-08-13T11:37:19Z Ilja isv 10 45666 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kartka jezyk | name = Solresol | nativename = <center>''[[solfedžio]]'': Sol-Re-Sol</center> | image = Solresol-langage.svg | created = 1827 | creator = [[François Sudre|{{-|François Sudre|Франсуа Судр}}]] | fam1 = [[umětne jezyky]] | fam2 = [[Pomočny jezyk]], [[Umětne jezyky#A priori|a priori]] | fam3 = [[muzikalny jezyk]] | posteriori = [[Umětne jezyky#A priori|a priori]] | script = [[Solresol#pismo Solresol|pismo Solresol]]; [[solfedžio]]; [[noty]]; [[barvy spektra]] | sign = Podpisana notacija; [[tonic sol-fa]] znaky od [[John Curwen]] | iso3 = qso | iso3comment = [https://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/ (lokalno koristane)] | glotto = none | ietf = [https://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/ art-x-solresol] }} '''Solresol''' ([[solfedžio]]: [[G (muzikalna nota)|Sol]]-[[D (muzikalna nota)|Re]]-[[G (muzikalna nota)|Sol]]), prvonačelno nazyvany {{Lang|fr|Langue universelle}} (bukv. 'Universalny jezyk') a potom {{Lang|fr|Langue musicale universelle}} ('Universalny muzikalny jezyk'), je [[muzikalny jezyk|muzikalny]] [[umětny jezyk]], stvorjeny francuzskim učiteljem muziky i kompozitorom [[Jean-François Sudre|{{-|Jean'om-François Sudre|Жаном-Франсуа Судром}}]] (1787–1862), načinajuči od lěta 1817. Njegova kniga, kde oprědjeljaje se {{Lang|fr|Langue Musicale Universelle}}, byla publikovana posmrtno v lětu 1866,<ref name="lmu1866">{{Cite book|last=Sudre|first=François|year=1866|title=Langue Musicale Universelle|url=https://www.ifost.org.au/~gregb/solresol/sudre-book.pdf|format=PDF|url-status=live|publication-place=[[Paris]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320142510if_/http://www.ifost.org.au/~gregb/solresol/sudre-book.pdf|archive-date=2012-03-20|archive-format=PDF|language=fr|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> hoti on uže několik lět prěd tym o tom publikoval članky. Solresol prežil kratky čas popularnosti vo vtoroj polovině 19. stolětja i dostaval finansovu poddržku od takyh osob kako [[Victor Hugo|Viktor Hugo]], [[Alphonse de Lamartine|Alfons de Lamartin]], [[Alexander von Humboldt|Aleksander fon Humboldt]] i [[Napoleon III|Napoleon {{-|III}}]],<ref name="pei">{{Cite book|last=Pei|first=Mario|author-link=Mario Pei|year=1969|title=Wanted: A World Language|type=Pamphlet|series=Public Affairs|volume=434|pages=11–12|publisher=Public Affairs Committee|publication-place=[[New York City]]|url=http://www.autodidactproject.org/other/pei_worldlg.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180125230417if_/http://www.autodidactproject.org/other/pei_worldlg.html|archive-date=2018-01-25|access-date=2025-11-28|df=mdy-all}}</ref> kulminacijeju čego se stala publikacija [[Boleslas Gajewski|Boleslasa Gajewskogo]] {{Lang|fr|Grammaire du Solresol}} v lětu 1902. Dnes jestvujut male skupiny entiziastov Solresola, razsypane po cělomu světu.<ref name="sidosi">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|title=Sidosi Home|url=https://www.sidosi.org/|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004090845if_/https://www.sidosi.org/|archive-date=2023-10-04|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> == Evolucija == Jestvuje několiko versij Solresola, každa s malymi razlikami. Tri glavne varijacije, ktore sut ješče v obratu — Sudrova, Gajewskogo i "Moderna"— različajut se glavno v različnyh elementah slovnika, ale zajedno imajut suglas o gramatikě. {{-|Sudre|Судр}} je stvoril jezyk, i zato njegova versija zasluživaje se nazyvati prvonačelnoju versijeju Solresola. Vincent Gajewski, parižsky profesor, popularizoval jezyk kako prědsědnik Centralnogo komiteta za izučanje i udoskonaljenje Solresola, ktory byl osnovan v lětu 1869 vdovoju Sudra Žozefinoju, da by dalje promotovati jego dělo. Boleslas Gajewski, syn Vincenta i sam profesor, formalizoval gramatiku i napisal oprěděljajuči dělo o jezyku: {{Lang|fr|Grammaire du Solrésol}} (Gramatika Solresola).<ref name="grammar_eng">{{Cite web|last1=Gajewski|first1=Boleslas|last2=Rice|first2=Stephen L.|date=1997-11-19|orig-date=printed 1902 as {{-|Grammaire du Solrésol}}, translated 1997|title=Grammar of Solresol, or the Universal Language of François Sudre | url = http://www.ptialaska.net/~srice/solresol/sorsoeng.htm | website = Stephen L. Rice: The Solresol Page | url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070413035441if_/http://www.ptialaska.net/~srice/solresol/sorsoeng.htm|archive-date=2007-04-13|access-date=2019-09-29| ref = {{sfnref|Gramatika|2005}}}}</ref><ref name="grammar_pdf">{{Cite web|last=Gajewski|first=Boleslas|editor-last1=Rice|editor-first1=Stephen L.|editor-last2=Bigham|editor-first2=Doug|year=2005|orig-date=printed 1902 as {{-|Grammaire du Solrésol}}, translated 1997 (Rice), revised 2005 (Bigham)|title=Grammar of Solresol, or the Universal Language of François Sudre|url=https://i.sidosi.org/resources/grammar-of-solresol-bigham/grammar-of-solresol-bigham.pdf|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217001045if_/https://i.sidosi.org/resources/grammar-of-solresol-bigham/grammar-of-solresol-bigham.pdf|archive-date=2019-12-17|access-date=2019-12-16}}</ref> To je najčesto publikovana versija Solresola, blagodare prěkladu na anglijsky {{-|Stephena L. Rice'a|Стивена Л. Райса}}, sdělanogo v lětu 1997,<ref name="grammar_pdf"/><ref name="grammar_eng"/> so znatnoju čestju slovnika izměnjenoju odnositeljno originala, kako i s něktoroju gramatikoju. Jednym priměrom je slovo ''fasol'', definovano kako "tut" v Sudrovom slovniku, ale kako "začto?" u Gajewskogo. Tretja je neoficijalna verzija razvijana vremenom od komunity, nazvana "Moderny Solresol". Ona koristi Sudreovu verziju kao bazu, s prilagodbami gramatike i slovnika, takimi jako izměna definicij ''sisol'' i ''sila'' od značenja "Gospodin" i "Mlady muž" na sistem [[honorifik|honorifikov]] inspiriran onym koristanym v japonščině; oba su rodno-neutralne titule, jedna za byti poštivy, a druga za byti ljubazny.<ref name="Modern Solresol Dictionary">{{Cite web|last1=Osteen|first1=Garrison|last2=Walters|first2=Scott|last3=Parson|first3=Daniel|last4=Fernandez|first4=Tobias|date=2018-03-12|title=Solresol Dictionary Modernised|url=https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/182okssrHseIggjHGlzWyFH81-o8y8EsvQtJfPJYu6r8/edit|format=XLSX|website=Google Sheets|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250829164017if_/https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/182okssrHseIggjHGlzWyFH81-o8y8EsvQtJfPJYu6r8/edit|archive-date=2025-08-29|archive-format=XLSX|access-date=2019-12-22|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Gajewskogo publikacija donesla razne dodatky ktore ne konfliktu s originalnom verzijom jezyka, taki jako razne nove metody komunikacije,{{sfn|Gramatika|2005|p=16}} vključujući: skup symbolov koristane sedmih barv duhy, i koristane [[tonic sol-fa]] za signiranje jezyka ==Fonologija== [[File:Solresol.svg|thumb|right|Sedm konvencionalnyh not, barv, sylab, čisel i glifov koristanyh za prenos fonemov Solresola]] Solresol może być komunikovany koristajući sedm različnyh predmetov, s maksimumom pet na slovo. Statistički, ty kombinacije daju sedm jedno-sylabnyh slov, 49 dvuh-sylabnyh, 336 tri-sylabnyh, 2.268 četyr-sylabnyh i 9.072 pet-sylabnyh, za ukupno 11.732 mogućih primarnyh slov.<ref name="pei" /> Glavna metoda komunikacije je koristane sedmih [[solfedžio]] sylab (forma [[solmizacija|solmizacije]]), ktore mogu byti akcentovane, prodloužene ili ponovljene. Najprostši način koristati ty sylaby je govoriti ih jako by one byly regularne [[sylaba|sylaby]]. {{Trěba iztočnik|Zbog togo že predchádza [[Medžunarodny fonetičny alfabet|MFA]], ne postoje posebna pravila izgovora izvan standardnyh čitanj solfège. Zbog togo že vsaka sylaba je dovoljno odlična, mogu byti izgovorjene skoro vsakym sposobom, ktory čitatej preferuje.}} Sudre je izložil način transkripcije fonetiky francozskogo (i tako mnogih drugih jezykov) do Solresola, primarno koristany za vlastne imenice.{{r|lmu1866|p=32}} Koristajući občne izgovory kako su dane od strane [[Vikislovnik|Vikislovnika]], je moguće rekonstruovati tabulu glasov koristajući modernu MFA. Zbog malog broja sylab, je potrebno ostaviti kratku pauzu medźu slovami tako da vsako slovo ostane jasno odvojeno. Kako je primetil Boleslas Gajewski: "člověk bi měl věnovati veliku pozornost pauzi po vsakom slovu; ta mala pauza je potrebna za odvajanje slov, tako da slušatelj ne bude zbunjen".{{R|grammar_eng|p=Reversed meanings}} ===Slovnik=== V Solresol [[morfologija (lingvistika)|morfologiji]], vsako slovo je poděleno na kategorije ili značenja ili funkcije, gdźe duža slova su občno specifičnjejša. Slova se razlikuju po treh glavnyh karakteristikah: početnoj sylabě, dužině slova, i tomu da li ima par ponovljenih sylab. Slova koja su jedna i dve sylaby duge su koristana za [[Zaimennik|zaimenniky]] i občne [[Gramatična čestica|čestice]], a ty s ponovljenimi sylabami su [[Gramatično vreme|vremena]]. Slova koja su jednu sylabu duga su posvećena slovima ktora su često koristana (v času stvorenja Solresola). Ty ktore uključuju ponavljajuće sylaby su rezervovane za "čisla, měsece goda, dni neděle i temperatury [pogodne uslove]", na pr. redodo "jedny", remimi "dva" (po Gajewskom). Slova koja su četyri sylaby duga spadaju v razne tematske kategorije. Na pr., slova počinjuća s 'sol', koja ne uključuju ponovljene sylaby, imaju značenja vezana za umetnosti ili nauky (na pr. soldoredo, "umetnost"; solmiredo, "akustika").{{r|lmu1866|p=22.V}} Však, ako slova koja su četyri sylaby duga imaju par ponovljenih sylab, njihova značenja se odnose na bolesti ili medicinu (na pr. solsolredo, "migrena"; solreresol, "ospice").{{r|lmu1866|p=23.VI}} Točnjejše, klase bez ponovljenih sylab su: ''do'': člověk, njegovo tělo i duh, intelektualne sposobnosti, kvalitete i hrana; ''re'': odeća, dom, domaćinstvo i porodica; ''mi'': činjenja človeka i njegove mane; ''fa'': selo, putovanja, vojna, more; ''sol'': lepe umetnosti i nauky; ''la'': industrija i trgovina; ''si'': město, vlada i administracija. S ponovljenimi sylabami, iste sylaby daju: ''do'': religija; ''re'': konstrukcija i razne obrti; ''mi'': predlogi, prislovne fraze i izolovane prislovy; ''fa'': bolesti; ''sol'': bolesti (nast.); ''la'': industrija i trgovina (jako u tipu bez ponavljanja); ''si'': pravda, magistratura i sudovi. Konačno, kombinacije pet sylab označavaju životinje, rośliny i minerale. Po defaultu, vse žive imenice i zaimenniky podrazuměvaju da su mužskogo roda. Za razlikovanje ženskogo roda, bar, [[pomišljaj|pomišljaj]] ili [[makron (diakritika)|makron]] se dodaje na konačnu sylabu odgovarajućeg člena ili samogo slova. V govoru, to se označava ponavljanjem vokala sylaby, s [[glotalna stop|glotalnom stopom]] koja odvaja ponovljenu vokalu od ostatka slova.{{r|lmu1866|p=24}} Však, v modernyh překladah, zaimenniky se ne měnje v zavisnosti od [[Gramatičny rod|roda]]. Umesto toga, oni se prosto prevode na anglijsky kao neutralne zaimenniky; it i they. Jedna unikatna karakteristika Solresola je da značenja mogu byti obrnuta obrtanjem sylab v slovah. Na pr. ''fala'' znači dobro ili ukusno, a ''lafa'' znači zlo. Prekidi v logičkom poredu slov v vsakoj kategoriji su občno uzrokovani tymi obrtivymi slovami.{{r|lmu1866|p=31.XXI}} {| style="background: transparent; border: hidden;" | style="padding: 0 2em;" | {| class="wikitable" | [[File:Solresol - misol.jpg|x88px]] | [[File:Solresol - solmi.jpg|x88px]] |- | style="text-align: center;" | '''misol''': "dobro" | style="text-align: center;" | '''solmi''': "zlo" |} | style="padding-left: 2em;" | {| class="wikitable" | [[File:Solresol - domisol.jpg|x88px]] | [[File:Solresol - solmido.jpg|x88px]] |- | style="text-align: center;" | '''domisol''': "[[Bog]]" | style="text-align: center;" | '''solmido''': "[[Djavol]]" |} |} Však, ne vsa slova su obrtiva v tom smyslu, taki jako ''dorefare'' znači vrat, a ''refaredo'' znači garderoba, ktore očigledno nisu suprotnosti. Slědujuća tabula pokazuje slova do dvuh sylab iz Gajewskogo slovnika: {| class="wikitable" ! {{Diagonal split header|style=height: 3em; width: 7em|1. syl.|2. syl.}} ! ''Nijedna'' ! style="background-color: #f69;" | -do ! style="background-color: #f96;" | -re ! style="background-color: #ff9;" | -mi ! style="background-color: #9f6;" | -fa ! style="background-color: #9ff;" | -sol ! style="background-color: #96f;" | -la ! style="background-color: #f9f;" | -si/-ti |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #f69;" | Do- | style="background-color: #f69;" | ne, ni, niti | style="background-color: #f69;" | (prošlo) | ja, mene || ty [sg] || on || se, sebe || jedny, někto || drugy |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #f96;" | Re- | style="background-color: #f96;" | i, tak jako | moj, moje | style="background-color: #f96;" | (pluperfekt) | tvoj, tvoje [sg] || njegov || naš, naše || vaš, vaše [pl] || njihov |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #ff9;" | Mi- | style="background-color: #ff9;" | ili, ili čak | za, da bi/da || ktory, koja (odnos. zaim.), že (veznik) | style="background-color: #ff9;" | (buduće) | čij, čija || dobro (prisl.) || tutaj je/tu je, gle || dobar večer/noć |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #9f6;" | Fa- | style="background-color: #9f6;" | k, ka | što? || s, sa, zajedno || ovaj, ova, ovo | style="background-color: #9f6;" | (kond.) | začto, iz kog razloga || dobro, ukusno, slasno || mnogo, velmi, krajno |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #9ff;" | Sol- | style="background-color: #9ff;" | ako | ale || v, unutra || zlo, loše (prisl.) || zato, jer | style="background-color: #9ff;" | (imperativ) | věčno, vsegda, bez konca || hvala, hvaly |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #96f;" | <span style="color: #000;">La-</span> | style="background-color: #96f;" | <span style="color: #000;">ty (člen)</span> | ničto, nikto, nijedny || od, po || tutaj, tam || zlo, loše || nikogda, nikad | style="background-color: #96f;" | <span style="color: #000;">(prezentni participij)</span> || od, iz |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #f9f;"| Si-/Ti- | style="background-color: #f9f;" | da, dobro, rado, složeno | isto (stvar) | vsaky, každy | dobro jutro/popoldne | malo, jedva |gospodin, pan |mlady muž, neženja | style="background-color: #f9f;" | <span style="color: #000;">(pasivny participij)</span> |} Određeny člen ima razne forme za [[Nominativ|nominativny]], [[Genitiv|genitivny]] i [[Dativ|dativny]] padež, ili, v anglijskom, za "the", "to the" i "of the": 'la', 'fa' i 'lasi', po redu.{{r|lmu1866|p=23-24.VII-VIII}} ==Gramatika== Osim naglaska i dužiny, slova Solresola se ne inflektuju. Da bi rečenice ostale jasne, posebno s mogućnošću gubitka informacij pri komunikaciji, odredjene časti řeči sleduju strog slovored. :Prěvjesniki vsegda sleduju imenicu ktoru određuju. :Nepremni objekty vsegda dolaze poslě glagola.{{r|lmu1866|p=26.XII}} :Priměry dane v originalnoj dokumentaciji ukazuju na [[subjekt–glagol–objekt slovored|slovored subjekt–glagol–objekt]],{{R|lmu1866|p=29.XVII}} však, to ne bi mělo imati značenje dok rečenica ostaje prosta i jasna. :Vremena vsegda prethode glagolom.{{r|lmu1866|p=30.XIX}} Da bi se slovo stvorilo u množini, [[akút|akútny naglasak]] se dodaje iznad poslednje sylaby, ktory se v govoru izgovara produženjem poslednje bukvy te sylaby.{{r|lmu1866|p=24.IX}} Priměry kako označiti množinu mužskih i ženskih slov: :''resimire'' brat, ''resimirē/resimire-e'' sestra :''resimiré'' bracia, ''resimiréē/resimiré-e'' sestry To utiče samo na prvo slovo v [[imenična fraza|imeničnoj frazi]]. To jest, utiče samo na imenicu kada je imenica sama, jako iznad. Ako je slovo popraćeno gramatičkom česticom (la, fa ili lasi), čestica će nositi oznaku roda i/ili broja umesto toga: :''la resimire'' [ty] brat, ''lā/la-a resimire'' [ta] sestra :''lá resimire'' [ty] bracia, ''láā/lá-a resimire'' [ty] sestry Časti řeči (jako i specifičnjejše definicije za něktora slova) se izvode iz glagol postavljanjem [[cirkumfleks|cirkumfleksa]] iznad jedne od sylab v pisanju, i izgovaranjem te sylaby s [[Glossary of music terminology#R|rinforzando]] (iznenadny naglasak ili [[Dynamics (music)#Gradual changes|crescendo]]). S naglaskom postavljenim na prvu sylabu, slovo postaje imenica. V četyri-sylabnyh slovah, naglašavanje druge sylaby stvara imenicu činitelja. [[Penult]]imna sylaba stvara prěvjesnik, a poslednja stvara prislov.{{r|lmu1866|p=25.XI}} Na pr., :''midofa'' preferovati, ''mîdofa'' preferencija, ''midôfa'' preferabilny, ''midofâ'' preferabilno :''resolmila'' nastaviti, ''rêsolmila'' nastavjenje, ''resôlmila'' jedny ktory nastavlja, ''resolmîla'' staly, ''resolmilâ'' stalno Na kompjuteryh koristajući rasporede klavijatur bez cirkumfleksa, sylaba może być napisana velikimi bukvami, ili [[caret]] postavljen medźu bukvy sylaby ili poslě sylaby. Zbog gramatike i slovoreda Solresola, razlikovanje častij řeči občno nije potrebno za razuměnje rečenice. Razne [[tense–aspect–mood|vremensko-načinske]] čestice su dvojne sylaby, kako je dato u slovniku iznad. Dodatno, po Gajewskom, pasivne glagoly se tvore s ''faremi'' medźu tom česticom i glagolom. Subjunktiv se tvori s ''mire'' pred zaimennikom. Negacija ''do'' se pojavljuje samo jednom v klauzi, pred slovom koje negira. Slovo ''fasi'' pred imenicom ili prěvjesnikom je [[augmentativ|augmentativno]]; poslě njega je [[Degrees of comparison of adjectives and adverbs|superlativ]]. ''Sifa'' je suprotnost ([[diminutiv|diminutivno]]):{{r|lmu1866|p=21.III}} :''fala'' dobro, ''fasi fala'' velmi dobro, ''fala fasi'' odlično, najbolje; ''sifa fala'' dobro (ali ne odlično), ''fala sifa'' ne velmi dobro (i slično s ''lafa'' zlo) :''sisire'' vjetar, ''fasi sisire'' oluja, ''sisire fasi'' ciklon; ''sifa sisire'' povjetarac, ''sisire sifa'' kretanje vazduha Pitanja Pitanja v Solresolu ne dobijaju mnogo pažnje u originalnoj dokumentaciji, niti imaju mnogo priměrov. Sudreova publikacija uključuje tri priměra upitnyh rečenic:{{r|lmu1866|p=127}} :Je vaše zdravlje dobro? – Redofafa? :Hoćete li ići na selo ove godine? – Fadoremi? :Hoćete li ići u pozorište večeras? – Soldoremi? Da bi se to stvorilo kao potvrdna izjava, dodaje se osobny zaimennik poslě: :Moje zdravlje je dobro. – Redofafa dore. :Ići ću na selo ove godine. – Fadoremi dore. :Ići ću u pozorište večeras. – Soldoremi dore. Gajewski umesto toga postavlja subjekt rečenice poslě glagola umesto pred glagolom, konstrukcija občna v evropskih jezycich. Nektery priměry su:{{R|grammar_eng|p=Interrogation and Negation}} :Jesam li? – Faremi dore? :Razumije li on? – Falafa dofa? :Učite li? – Sidosi domi? V vsih verzijah jezyka, postoje slova četyri sylaby duga, ponovljena "Mi" sekcija slovnika koja uključuje neka občna pitanja, taki jako:{{r|lmu1866|p=109.123}} :Miladodo? – Do kogo stepena/mjere? :Milarere? – Dobro? :Misirere? – Kto je to? ==Pismo Solresol== [[File:Solresol symbols.svg|thumb|Simboly Solresola]] Pismo koristano v Solresolu sastoji se od sedmih unikatnyh symbolov, vsaky predstavljajući jednu od sedmih "not". Na pr., "[[C (muzikalna nota)|Do]]" je krug, a "[[G (muzikalna nota)|Sol]]" je horizontalna linija. Slova Solresola se tvore povezivanjem symbolov v poredu kako se pojavljuju v slovu. Dvojne note se predstavljaju križanjem symbola. [[File:Solresol words.svg|thumb|Něktore osnovne slova Solresola]] Druge karakteristike Nepristrasny i relativno prosty Integrovane sistemy ([[znakovny jezyk|znakovny jezyk]], barvy, itd.) za većinu [[invaliditet|ometenj]], odmah operativne bez posebnogo učenja Brzo uspěšno učenje za nepismene (samo sedm sylab ili znakov ili deset bukv za znati i prepoznati) Vrlo prosty ali efektivny sistem za razlikovanje funkcij slov v rečenicah Koristajući [[tonic sol-fa]] sistem od [[John Curwen|Johna Curwena]], Solresol może też być [[znakovny jezyk|znakovano]]. Daljnji razvoj Drugi način koristania Solresola se naziva ''ses'', razvijen od [[C. George Boeree|C. Georgea Boereea]].<ref name="loan_words">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|title=Using loan words in Solresol|url=https://www.tumblr.com/sidosi/181390815161/using-loan-words-in-solresol|website=Tumblr|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251128152044if_/https://www.tumblr.com/sidosi/181390815161/using-loan-words-in-solresol|archive-date=2025-11-28|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Koristajući to, note dobijaju reprezentativne konsonante i vokale (ili diftongy). Najprostša slova koriste samo vokalu, dok vsa druga koriste složenjejšu strukturu sylab. do ⇒ p / o re ⇒ k / e mi ⇒ m / i fa ⇒ f / a sol ⇒ s / u la ⇒ l / au ti ⇒ t / ai Na ovaj način, można pisati ili izgovarati slova taki jako to: : sol-sol-re-do ⇒ suko (cvcv) – migrena Zato što se množina i ženske forme slov u Solresolu označavaju naglaskom ili dužinom glasov, ses koristi ''pau'' (nektory) ili ''fai'' (mnogo) za označavanje množiny, i ''mu'' (dobro) za označavanje ženskogo roda kogda je potrebno. == Kodiranje == Zahtev za [[ISO 639-3]] jezykovy kod, privremeno predloženy jako {{Code|sud}}, byl upućen [[SIL Global|SIL-u]] 28 avgusta 2017,<ref name="sil_change">{{Cite web|author=SIL International|author-link=SIL Global|date=2017-08-28|title=ISO 639-3 Registration Authority Request for Change No. 2017-032|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032.pdf|website=ISO 639-3|publication-place=[[Dallas]]|format=PDF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605171450if_/https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032.pdf|archive-date=2019-06-05|archive-format=PDF|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="sil_new">{{Cite web|author=SIL International|author-link=SIL Global|date=2017-08-28|title=Request for New Language Code Element in ISO 639-3: [sud]|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032_sud.pdf|website=ISO 639-3|publication-place=[[Dallas]]|format=PDF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605171450if_/https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032_sud.pdf|archive-date=2019-06-05|archive-format=PDF|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="sidosi_request">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|date=2017-07-28|title=The Road to ISO 639-3|url=https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=310|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230829154231if_/https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=310|archive-date=2023-08-29|access-date=2018-10-22|df=mdy-all}}</ref> ale byl odrinuly 23 janvara 2018.<ref name="sil_rejection">{{Cite web|author=SIL International|author-link=SIL Global|date=2018-01-23|title=Comments received for ISO 639-3 Change Request 2017-032|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/CR_Comments_2017-032.pdf|website=ISO 639-3|publication-place=[[Dallas]]|format=PDF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605171452if_/https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/CR_Comments_2017-032.pdf|archive-date=2019-06-05|archive-format=PDF|page=2|access-date=2019-09-27|df=mdy-all|quote=Zahtev za stvorenje koda [sud] za Solresol je odrinuły.}}</ref><ref name="sidosi_rejection">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|date=2018-02-01|title=Beyond ISO 639-3 (for now)|url=https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=350|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230829153926if_/https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=350|archive-date=2023-08-29|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Solresol je dobil kody {{Code|qso}} i {{Code|art-x-solresol}} v [[Codes for constructed languages|ConLang Code Registry]].<ref name="clcr">{{Cite web|last=Bettencourt|first=Rebecca G.|date=2015-01-08|title=ConLang Code Registry|url=https://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/|website=Kreative Korporation|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221127152005if_/http://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/|archive-date=2022-11-27|access-date=2021-04-06|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Sedm osnovnyh symbolov bylo predloženo za registraciju v [[ConScript Unicode Registry]].<ref name="csur">{{Cite web|last=Everson|first=Michael|author-link=Michael Everson|date=1997-01-21|title=Solresol: U+E770–U+E77F|url=https://www.evertype.com/standards/csur/solresol.html|website=ConScript Unicode Registry|publisher=Evertype|publication-place=[[Lecanvey]], [[Ireland]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417191120if_/https://www.evertype.com/standards/csur/solresol.html|archive-date=2021-04-17|access-date=2021-04-06|df=mdy-all}}</ref> == Priměrne teksty == ; Članok 1 ''[[Universalna deklaracija prav člověka|Universalnoj deklaracija prav člověka]]'' na medžuslovjanskom : ''Vsi ljudi rodet se svobodnymi i ravnymi v svojem dostojenstvu i pravah. Oni sut obdarjene razumom i svědomjem i muset postupati v odnošenju jedin k drugomu v duhu bratstva.'' ; Prěvod na Solresol : Siré misolredo faremi doredore domisimi re misóla, solfalafá dósila re réfasi. Dófa faremi remila fare dômilafa re dôfasifa, re fafa fasolfa midolǎ fare dômisola lasi sîmisila. ; Predstavjeno koristajuči ''ses'' Solresol : Sé muro fem pepe omúm e múl, salá ósau e éfai. Óf fem ril fe ômauf e ôfaif, e fa fuf ipǎu fe ômul lai âimail. == Gledite takože == * [[muzikalny jezyk]] * [[solfedžio]] * [[Tonic sol-fa]] * [[Voyage to Faremido]] * [[Ro jezyk]] ==Iztočniky== {{Iztočniky}} == Čitati dalje == * {{Cite book|last=Sudre|first=François|year=1866|title=Langue Musicale Universelle|url=http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/ladosol.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070831060525if_/http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/ladosol.html|archive-date=2007-08-31|publication-place=Paris|language=fr}} – HTML verzija celogo teksta Sudreovogo toma iz 1866, s originalnym [https://web.archive.org/web/20070831061613if_/http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/lrls_sosfs.html slovnikom] i [https://web.archive.org/web/20080310234035/http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/solrelaF.html frazeologijom] (v francozskom). * {{Cite book|last1=Couturat|first1=Louis|last2=Leau|first2=Léopold|year=1903|title=Histoire de la Langue Universelle|url=https://archive.org/details/histoiredelalang00coutuoft|publisher=Librairie Hachette|publication-place=[[Paris]]|language=fr|access-date=2025-11-28|df=mdy-all}} * {{Cite book|last=Eco|first=Umberto|author-link=Umberto Eco|date=1997-04-08|title=The Search for the Perfect Language|url=https://archive.org/details/searchforperfect00ecou|publisher=[[Wiley-Blackwell]]|publication-place=[[Cambridge, Massachusetts|Cambridge, Mass.]]|edition=1|series=The Making of Europe|isbn=978-0-631-20510-4|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}} ==Vněšnje linky== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20191115021254if_/https://www.omniglot.com/writing/solresol.htm Solresol jezyk i stenografično pismo] na Omniglot, online enciklopediji sistemov pisanja i jezykov * Anglijsko-Solresol slovniky od [https://web.archive.org/web/20250121193252if_/http://www.datapacrat.com/True/LANG/SOLRESOL/DICTIONA.HTM Jasona Hutchensa] (6 julija 1998) i [https://web.archive.org/web/20100923132246if_/http://www.ifost.org.au/~gregb/solresol/sorsolex.htm Stephena L. Ricea] (19 novembra 1997) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20231130083816if_/http://sharyphil.com/root/solresol-the-project/ SolReSol: Projekt v0.95] od Phila Sharyja, open source Solresol–anglijsky i anglijsky–Solresol překladateľsky program za Windows (32- i 64-bitny) s live MIDI podporom (24 februara 2015) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20250818235352if_/https://wiki.xxiivv.com/site/solresol.html Moderny Simetričny Solresol] od Davida Mondou-Labbého (28 septembra 2023) * [https://eliseduv.dev/solresol/ Překladač Anglijsky↔Solresol] {{Umětne jezyky}} [[Kategorija:1827 introdukcije]] [[Kategorija:Analitične jezyky]] [[Kategorija:Konstruovane jezyky]] [[Kategorija:Medžunarodne pomočne jezyky]] [[Kategorija:jezyky potvrđene od 1820-tyh]] [[Kategorija:muzikalne jezyky]] 88eoqyapnxch6s0s1om1zcy2429kib1 45668 45666 2026-08-13T11:58:19Z Ilja isv 10 /* Evolucija */ 45668 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kartka jezyk | name = Solresol | nativename = <center>''[[solfedžio]]'': Sol-Re-Sol</center> | image = Solresol-langage.svg | created = 1827 | creator = [[François Sudre|{{-|François Sudre|Франсуа Судр}}]] | fam1 = [[umětne jezyky]] | fam2 = [[Pomočny jezyk]], [[Umětne jezyky#A priori|a priori]] | fam3 = [[muzikalny jezyk]] | posteriori = [[Umětne jezyky#A priori|a priori]] | script = [[Solresol#pismo Solresol|pismo Solresol]]; [[solfedžio]]; [[noty]]; [[barvy spektra]] | sign = Podpisana notacija; [[tonic sol-fa]] znaky od [[John Curwen]] | iso3 = qso | iso3comment = [https://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/ (lokalno koristane)] | glotto = none | ietf = [https://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/ art-x-solresol] }} '''Solresol''' ([[solfedžio]]: [[G (muzikalna nota)|Sol]]-[[D (muzikalna nota)|Re]]-[[G (muzikalna nota)|Sol]]), prvonačelno nazyvany {{Lang|fr|Langue universelle}} (bukv. 'Universalny jezyk') a potom {{Lang|fr|Langue musicale universelle}} ('Universalny muzikalny jezyk'), je [[muzikalny jezyk|muzikalny]] [[umětny jezyk]], stvorjeny francuzskim učiteljem muziky i kompozitorom [[Jean-François Sudre|{{-|Jean'om-François Sudre|Жаном-Франсуа Судром}}]] (1787–1862), načinajuči od lěta 1817. Njegova kniga, kde oprědjeljaje se {{Lang|fr|Langue Musicale Universelle}}, byla publikovana posmrtno v lětu 1866,<ref name="lmu1866">{{Cite book|last=Sudre|first=François|year=1866|title=Langue Musicale Universelle|url=https://www.ifost.org.au/~gregb/solresol/sudre-book.pdf|format=PDF|url-status=live|publication-place=[[Paris]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320142510if_/http://www.ifost.org.au/~gregb/solresol/sudre-book.pdf|archive-date=2012-03-20|archive-format=PDF|language=fr|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> hoti on uže několik lět prěd tym o tom publikoval članky. Solresol prežil kratky čas popularnosti vo vtoroj polovině 19. stolětja i dostaval finansovu poddržku od takyh osob kako [[Victor Hugo|Viktor Hugo]], [[Alphonse de Lamartine|Alfons de Lamartin]], [[Alexander von Humboldt|Aleksander fon Humboldt]] i [[Napoleon III|Napoleon {{-|III}}]],<ref name="pei">{{Cite book|last=Pei|first=Mario|author-link=Mario Pei|year=1969|title=Wanted: A World Language|type=Pamphlet|series=Public Affairs|volume=434|pages=11–12|publisher=Public Affairs Committee|publication-place=[[New York City]]|url=http://www.autodidactproject.org/other/pei_worldlg.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180125230417if_/http://www.autodidactproject.org/other/pei_worldlg.html|archive-date=2018-01-25|access-date=2025-11-28|df=mdy-all}}</ref> kulminacijeju čego se stala publikacija [[Boleslas Gajewski|Boleslasa Gajewskogo]] {{Lang|fr|Grammaire du Solresol}} v lětu 1902. Dnes jestvujut male skupiny entiziastov Solresola, razsypane po cělomu světu.<ref name="sidosi">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|title=Sidosi Home|url=https://www.sidosi.org/|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004090845if_/https://www.sidosi.org/|archive-date=2023-10-04|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> == Evolucija == Jestvuje několiko versij Solresola, každa s malymi razlikami. Tri glavne varijacije, ktore sut ješče v obratu — Sudrova, Gajewskogo i "Moderna"— različajut se glavno v različnyh elementah slovnika, ale zajedno imajut suglas o gramatikě. {{-|Sudre|Судр}} je stvoril jezyk, i zato njegova versija zasluživaje se nazyvati prvonačelnoju versijeju Solresola. Vincent Gajewski, parižsky profesor, popularizoval jezyk kako prědsědnik Centralnogo komiteta za izučanje i udoskonaljenje Solresola, ktory byl osnovan v lětu 1869 vdovoju Sudra Žozefinoju, da by dalje promotovati jego dělo. Boleslas Gajewski, syn Vincenta i sam profesor, formalizoval gramatiku i napisal oprěděljajuči dělo o jezyku: {{Lang|fr|Grammaire du Solrésol}} (Gramatika Solresola).<ref name="grammar_eng">{{Cite web|last1=Gajewski|first1=Boleslas|last2=Rice|first2=Stephen L.|date=1997-11-19|orig-date=printed 1902 as {{-|Grammaire du Solrésol}}, translated 1997|title=Grammar of Solresol, or the Universal Language of François Sudre | url = http://www.ptialaska.net/~srice/solresol/sorsoeng.htm | website = Stephen L. Rice: The Solresol Page | url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070413035441if_/http://www.ptialaska.net/~srice/solresol/sorsoeng.htm|archive-date=2007-04-13|access-date=2019-09-29| ref = {{sfnref|Gramatika|2005}}}}</ref><ref name="grammar_pdf">{{Cite web|last=Gajewski|first=Boleslas|editor-last1=Rice|editor-first1=Stephen L.|editor-last2=Bigham|editor-first2=Doug|year=2005|orig-date=printed 1902 as {{-|Grammaire du Solrésol}}, translated 1997 (Rice), revised 2005 (Bigham)|title=Grammar of Solresol, or the Universal Language of François Sudre|url=https://i.sidosi.org/resources/grammar-of-solresol-bigham/grammar-of-solresol-bigham.pdf|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217001045if_/https://i.sidosi.org/resources/grammar-of-solresol-bigham/grammar-of-solresol-bigham.pdf|archive-date=2019-12-17|access-date=2019-12-16}}</ref> To je najčesto publikovana versija Solresola, blagodare prěkladu na anglijsky {{-|Stephena L. Rice'a|Стивена Л. Райса}}, sdělanogo v lětu 1997,<ref name="grammar_pdf"/><ref name="grammar_eng"/> so znatnoju čestju slovnika izměnjenoju odnositeljno originala, kako i s něktoroju gramatikoju. Jednym priměrom je slovo ''fasol'', definovano kako "tut" v Sudrovom slovniku, ale kako "začto?" u Gajewskogo. Tretja je neoficijalna verzija razvijana s časom spoočnostju, nazyvaje se "Moderny Solresol". Ona koristaje versiju Sudra kako bazu, s izlěpšenjami gramatiky i slovnika, takymi kako izměna oprěděljenij ''sisol'' i ''sila'' od "gospodin" i "mlady muž" na sistemu [[honorifik|honorifikov]], inspirujemuju takoj sistemoju v [[Japonsky jezyk|japonskom jezyku]]; oba sut genderno-nevtralne tituly, jedin izražaje povagu, drugy laskovost.<ref name="Modern Solresol Dictionary">{{Cite web|last1=Osteen|first1=Garrison|last2=Walters|first2=Scott|last3=Parson|first3=Daniel|last4=Fernandez|first4=Tobias|date=2018-03-12|title=Solresol Dictionary Modernised|url=https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/182okssrHseIggjHGlzWyFH81-o8y8EsvQtJfPJYu6r8/edit|format=XLSX|website=Google Sheets|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250829164017if_/https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/182okssrHseIggjHGlzWyFH81-o8y8EsvQtJfPJYu6r8/edit|archive-date=2025-08-29|archive-format=XLSX|access-date=2019-12-22|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Publikacija Gajewskogo prinesla takože različne dodavanja, ktore ne sut v konfliktu s originalnoju versijeju jezyka, take kako razne nove metody komunikacije,{{sfn|Gramatika|2005|p=16}} vključno: * grupy simbolov * koristanje sedmih barv dugy, i * koristanje [[Tonalno sol-fa|tonalnogo sol-fa]] za znakovu sistemu jezyka ==Fonologija== [[File:Solresol.svg|thumb|right|Sedm konvencionalnyh not, barv, sylab, čisel i glifov koristanyh za prenos fonemov Solresola]] Solresol może być komunikovany koristajući sedm različnyh predmetov, s maksimumom pet na slovo. Statistički, ty kombinacije daju sedm jedno-sylabnyh slov, 49 dvuh-sylabnyh, 336 tri-sylabnyh, 2.268 četyr-sylabnyh i 9.072 pet-sylabnyh, za ukupno 11.732 mogućih primarnyh slov.<ref name="pei" /> Glavna metoda komunikacije je koristane sedmih [[solfedžio]] sylab (forma [[solmizacija|solmizacije]]), ktore mogu byti akcentovane, prodloužene ili ponovljene. Najprostši način koristati ty sylaby je govoriti ih jako by one byly regularne [[sylaba|sylaby]]. {{Trěba iztočnik|Zbog togo že predchádza [[Medžunarodny fonetičny alfabet|MFA]], ne postoje posebna pravila izgovora izvan standardnyh čitanj solfège. Zbog togo že vsaka sylaba je dovoljno odlična, mogu byti izgovorjene skoro vsakym sposobom, ktory čitatej preferuje.}} Sudre je izložil način transkripcije fonetiky francozskogo (i tako mnogih drugih jezykov) do Solresola, primarno koristany za vlastne imenice.{{r|lmu1866|p=32}} Koristajući občne izgovory kako su dane od strane [[Vikislovnik|Vikislovnika]], je moguće rekonstruovati tabulu glasov koristajući modernu MFA. Zbog malog broja sylab, je potrebno ostaviti kratku pauzu medźu slovami tako da vsako slovo ostane jasno odvojeno. Kako je primetil Boleslas Gajewski: "člověk bi měl věnovati veliku pozornost pauzi po vsakom slovu; ta mala pauza je potrebna za odvajanje slov, tako da slušatelj ne bude zbunjen".{{R|grammar_eng|p=Reversed meanings}} ===Slovnik=== V Solresol [[morfologija (lingvistika)|morfologiji]], vsako slovo je poděleno na kategorije ili značenja ili funkcije, gdźe duža slova su občno specifičnjejša. Slova se razlikuju po treh glavnyh karakteristikah: početnoj sylabě, dužině slova, i tomu da li ima par ponovljenih sylab. Slova koja su jedna i dve sylaby duge su koristana za [[Zaimennik|zaimenniky]] i občne [[Gramatična čestica|čestice]], a ty s ponovljenimi sylabami su [[Gramatično vreme|vremena]]. Slova koja su jednu sylabu duga su posvećena slovima ktora su često koristana (v času stvorenja Solresola). Ty ktore uključuju ponavljajuće sylaby su rezervovane za "čisla, měsece goda, dni neděle i temperatury [pogodne uslove]", na pr. redodo "jedny", remimi "dva" (po Gajewskom). Slova koja su četyri sylaby duga spadaju v razne tematske kategorije. Na pr., slova počinjuća s 'sol', koja ne uključuju ponovljene sylaby, imaju značenja vezana za umetnosti ili nauky (na pr. soldoredo, "umetnost"; solmiredo, "akustika").{{r|lmu1866|p=22.V}} Však, ako slova koja su četyri sylaby duga imaju par ponovljenih sylab, njihova značenja se odnose na bolesti ili medicinu (na pr. solsolredo, "migrena"; solreresol, "ospice").{{r|lmu1866|p=23.VI}} Točnjejše, klase bez ponovljenih sylab su: ''do'': člověk, njegovo tělo i duh, intelektualne sposobnosti, kvalitete i hrana; ''re'': odeća, dom, domaćinstvo i porodica; ''mi'': činjenja človeka i njegove mane; ''fa'': selo, putovanja, vojna, more; ''sol'': lepe umetnosti i nauky; ''la'': industrija i trgovina; ''si'': město, vlada i administracija. S ponovljenimi sylabami, iste sylaby daju: ''do'': religija; ''re'': konstrukcija i razne obrti; ''mi'': predlogi, prislovne fraze i izolovane prislovy; ''fa'': bolesti; ''sol'': bolesti (nast.); ''la'': industrija i trgovina (jako u tipu bez ponavljanja); ''si'': pravda, magistratura i sudovi. Konačno, kombinacije pet sylab označavaju životinje, rośliny i minerale. Po defaultu, vse žive imenice i zaimenniky podrazuměvaju da su mužskogo roda. Za razlikovanje ženskogo roda, bar, [[pomišljaj|pomišljaj]] ili [[makron (diakritika)|makron]] se dodaje na konačnu sylabu odgovarajućeg člena ili samogo slova. V govoru, to se označava ponavljanjem vokala sylaby, s [[glotalna stop|glotalnom stopom]] koja odvaja ponovljenu vokalu od ostatka slova.{{r|lmu1866|p=24}} Však, v modernyh překladah, zaimenniky se ne měnje v zavisnosti od [[Gramatičny rod|roda]]. Umesto toga, oni se prosto prevode na anglijsky kao neutralne zaimenniky; it i they. Jedna unikatna karakteristika Solresola je da značenja mogu byti obrnuta obrtanjem sylab v slovah. Na pr. ''fala'' znači dobro ili ukusno, a ''lafa'' znači zlo. Prekidi v logičkom poredu slov v vsakoj kategoriji su občno uzrokovani tymi obrtivymi slovami.{{r|lmu1866|p=31.XXI}} {| style="background: transparent; border: hidden;" | style="padding: 0 2em;" | {| class="wikitable" | [[File:Solresol - misol.jpg|x88px]] | [[File:Solresol - solmi.jpg|x88px]] |- | style="text-align: center;" | '''misol''': "dobro" | style="text-align: center;" | '''solmi''': "zlo" |} | style="padding-left: 2em;" | {| class="wikitable" | [[File:Solresol - domisol.jpg|x88px]] | [[File:Solresol - solmido.jpg|x88px]] |- | style="text-align: center;" | '''domisol''': "[[Bog]]" | style="text-align: center;" | '''solmido''': "[[Djavol]]" |} |} Však, ne vsa slova su obrtiva v tom smyslu, taki jako ''dorefare'' znači vrat, a ''refaredo'' znači garderoba, ktore očigledno nisu suprotnosti. Slědujuća tabula pokazuje slova do dvuh sylab iz Gajewskogo slovnika: {| class="wikitable" ! {{Diagonal split header|style=height: 3em; width: 7em|1. syl.|2. syl.}} ! ''Nijedna'' ! style="background-color: #f69;" | -do ! style="background-color: #f96;" | -re ! style="background-color: #ff9;" | -mi ! style="background-color: #9f6;" | -fa ! style="background-color: #9ff;" | -sol ! style="background-color: #96f;" | -la ! style="background-color: #f9f;" | -si/-ti |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #f69;" | Do- | style="background-color: #f69;" | ne, ni, niti | style="background-color: #f69;" | (prošlo) | ja, mene || ty [sg] || on || se, sebe || jedny, někto || drugy |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #f96;" | Re- | style="background-color: #f96;" | i, tak jako | moj, moje | style="background-color: #f96;" | (pluperfekt) | tvoj, tvoje [sg] || njegov || naš, naše || vaš, vaše [pl] || njihov |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #ff9;" | Mi- | style="background-color: #ff9;" | ili, ili čak | za, da bi/da || ktory, koja (odnos. zaim.), že (veznik) | style="background-color: #ff9;" | (buduće) | čij, čija || dobro (prisl.) || tutaj je/tu je, gle || dobar večer/noć |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #9f6;" | Fa- | style="background-color: #9f6;" | k, ka | što? || s, sa, zajedno || ovaj, ova, ovo | style="background-color: #9f6;" | (kond.) | začto, iz kog razloga || dobro, ukusno, slasno || mnogo, velmi, krajno |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #9ff;" | Sol- | style="background-color: #9ff;" | ako | ale || v, unutra || zlo, loše (prisl.) || zato, jer | style="background-color: #9ff;" | (imperativ) | věčno, vsegda, bez konca || hvala, hvaly |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #96f;" | <span style="color: #000;">La-</span> | style="background-color: #96f;" | <span style="color: #000;">ty (člen)</span> | ničto, nikto, nijedny || od, po || tutaj, tam || zlo, loše || nikogda, nikad | style="background-color: #96f;" | <span style="color: #000;">(prezentni participij)</span> || od, iz |- ! scope="row" style="background-color: #f9f;"| Si-/Ti- | style="background-color: #f9f;" | da, dobro, rado, složeno | isto (stvar) | vsaky, každy | dobro jutro/popoldne | malo, jedva |gospodin, pan |mlady muž, neženja | style="background-color: #f9f;" | <span style="color: #000;">(pasivny participij)</span> |} Određeny člen ima razne forme za [[Nominativ|nominativny]], [[Genitiv|genitivny]] i [[Dativ|dativny]] padež, ili, v anglijskom, za "the", "to the" i "of the": 'la', 'fa' i 'lasi', po redu.{{r|lmu1866|p=23-24.VII-VIII}} ==Gramatika== Osim naglaska i dužiny, slova Solresola se ne inflektuju. Da bi rečenice ostale jasne, posebno s mogućnošću gubitka informacij pri komunikaciji, odredjene časti řeči sleduju strog slovored. :Prěvjesniki vsegda sleduju imenicu ktoru određuju. :Nepremni objekty vsegda dolaze poslě glagola.{{r|lmu1866|p=26.XII}} :Priměry dane v originalnoj dokumentaciji ukazuju na [[subjekt–glagol–objekt slovored|slovored subjekt–glagol–objekt]],{{R|lmu1866|p=29.XVII}} však, to ne bi mělo imati značenje dok rečenica ostaje prosta i jasna. :Vremena vsegda prethode glagolom.{{r|lmu1866|p=30.XIX}} Da bi se slovo stvorilo u množini, [[akút|akútny naglasak]] se dodaje iznad poslednje sylaby, ktory se v govoru izgovara produženjem poslednje bukvy te sylaby.{{r|lmu1866|p=24.IX}} Priměry kako označiti množinu mužskih i ženskih slov: :''resimire'' brat, ''resimirē/resimire-e'' sestra :''resimiré'' bracia, ''resimiréē/resimiré-e'' sestry To utiče samo na prvo slovo v [[imenična fraza|imeničnoj frazi]]. To jest, utiče samo na imenicu kada je imenica sama, jako iznad. Ako je slovo popraćeno gramatičkom česticom (la, fa ili lasi), čestica će nositi oznaku roda i/ili broja umesto toga: :''la resimire'' [ty] brat, ''lā/la-a resimire'' [ta] sestra :''lá resimire'' [ty] bracia, ''láā/lá-a resimire'' [ty] sestry Časti řeči (jako i specifičnjejše definicije za něktora slova) se izvode iz glagol postavljanjem [[cirkumfleks|cirkumfleksa]] iznad jedne od sylab v pisanju, i izgovaranjem te sylaby s [[Glossary of music terminology#R|rinforzando]] (iznenadny naglasak ili [[Dynamics (music)#Gradual changes|crescendo]]). S naglaskom postavljenim na prvu sylabu, slovo postaje imenica. V četyri-sylabnyh slovah, naglašavanje druge sylaby stvara imenicu činitelja. [[Penult]]imna sylaba stvara prěvjesnik, a poslednja stvara prislov.{{r|lmu1866|p=25.XI}} Na pr., :''midofa'' preferovati, ''mîdofa'' preferencija, ''midôfa'' preferabilny, ''midofâ'' preferabilno :''resolmila'' nastaviti, ''rêsolmila'' nastavjenje, ''resôlmila'' jedny ktory nastavlja, ''resolmîla'' staly, ''resolmilâ'' stalno Na kompjuteryh koristajući rasporede klavijatur bez cirkumfleksa, sylaba może być napisana velikimi bukvami, ili [[caret]] postavljen medźu bukvy sylaby ili poslě sylaby. Zbog gramatike i slovoreda Solresola, razlikovanje častij řeči občno nije potrebno za razuměnje rečenice. Razne [[tense–aspect–mood|vremensko-načinske]] čestice su dvojne sylaby, kako je dato u slovniku iznad. Dodatno, po Gajewskom, pasivne glagoly se tvore s ''faremi'' medźu tom česticom i glagolom. Subjunktiv se tvori s ''mire'' pred zaimennikom. Negacija ''do'' se pojavljuje samo jednom v klauzi, pred slovom koje negira. Slovo ''fasi'' pred imenicom ili prěvjesnikom je [[augmentativ|augmentativno]]; poslě njega je [[Degrees of comparison of adjectives and adverbs|superlativ]]. ''Sifa'' je suprotnost ([[diminutiv|diminutivno]]):{{r|lmu1866|p=21.III}} :''fala'' dobro, ''fasi fala'' velmi dobro, ''fala fasi'' odlično, najbolje; ''sifa fala'' dobro (ali ne odlično), ''fala sifa'' ne velmi dobro (i slično s ''lafa'' zlo) :''sisire'' vjetar, ''fasi sisire'' oluja, ''sisire fasi'' ciklon; ''sifa sisire'' povjetarac, ''sisire sifa'' kretanje vazduha Pitanja Pitanja v Solresolu ne dobijaju mnogo pažnje u originalnoj dokumentaciji, niti imaju mnogo priměrov. Sudreova publikacija uključuje tri priměra upitnyh rečenic:{{r|lmu1866|p=127}} :Je vaše zdravlje dobro? – Redofafa? :Hoćete li ići na selo ove godine? – Fadoremi? :Hoćete li ići u pozorište večeras? – Soldoremi? Da bi se to stvorilo kao potvrdna izjava, dodaje se osobny zaimennik poslě: :Moje zdravlje je dobro. – Redofafa dore. :Ići ću na selo ove godine. – Fadoremi dore. :Ići ću u pozorište večeras. – Soldoremi dore. Gajewski umesto toga postavlja subjekt rečenice poslě glagola umesto pred glagolom, konstrukcija občna v evropskih jezycich. Nektery priměry su:{{R|grammar_eng|p=Interrogation and Negation}} :Jesam li? – Faremi dore? :Razumije li on? – Falafa dofa? :Učite li? – Sidosi domi? V vsih verzijah jezyka, postoje slova četyri sylaby duga, ponovljena "Mi" sekcija slovnika koja uključuje neka občna pitanja, taki jako:{{r|lmu1866|p=109.123}} :Miladodo? – Do kogo stepena/mjere? :Milarere? – Dobro? :Misirere? – Kto je to? ==Pismo Solresol== [[File:Solresol symbols.svg|thumb|Simboly Solresola]] Pismo koristano v Solresolu sastoji se od sedmih unikatnyh symbolov, vsaky predstavljajući jednu od sedmih "not". Na pr., "[[C (muzikalna nota)|Do]]" je krug, a "[[G (muzikalna nota)|Sol]]" je horizontalna linija. Slova Solresola se tvore povezivanjem symbolov v poredu kako se pojavljuju v slovu. Dvojne note se predstavljaju križanjem symbola. [[File:Solresol words.svg|thumb|Něktore osnovne slova Solresola]] Druge karakteristike Nepristrasny i relativno prosty Integrovane sistemy ([[znakovny jezyk|znakovny jezyk]], barvy, itd.) za većinu [[invaliditet|ometenj]], odmah operativne bez posebnogo učenja Brzo uspěšno učenje za nepismene (samo sedm sylab ili znakov ili deset bukv za znati i prepoznati) Vrlo prosty ali efektivny sistem za razlikovanje funkcij slov v rečenicah Koristajući [[tonic sol-fa]] sistem od [[John Curwen|Johna Curwena]], Solresol może też być [[znakovny jezyk|znakovano]]. Daljnji razvoj Drugi način koristania Solresola se naziva ''ses'', razvijen od [[C. George Boeree|C. Georgea Boereea]].<ref name="loan_words">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|title=Using loan words in Solresol|url=https://www.tumblr.com/sidosi/181390815161/using-loan-words-in-solresol|website=Tumblr|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251128152044if_/https://www.tumblr.com/sidosi/181390815161/using-loan-words-in-solresol|archive-date=2025-11-28|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Koristajući to, note dobijaju reprezentativne konsonante i vokale (ili diftongy). Najprostša slova koriste samo vokalu, dok vsa druga koriste složenjejšu strukturu sylab. do ⇒ p / o re ⇒ k / e mi ⇒ m / i fa ⇒ f / a sol ⇒ s / u la ⇒ l / au ti ⇒ t / ai Na ovaj način, można pisati ili izgovarati slova taki jako to: : sol-sol-re-do ⇒ suko (cvcv) – migrena Zato što se množina i ženske forme slov u Solresolu označavaju naglaskom ili dužinom glasov, ses koristi ''pau'' (nektory) ili ''fai'' (mnogo) za označavanje množiny, i ''mu'' (dobro) za označavanje ženskogo roda kogda je potrebno. == Kodiranje == Zahtev za [[ISO 639-3]] jezykovy kod, privremeno predloženy jako {{Code|sud}}, byl upućen [[SIL Global|SIL-u]] 28 avgusta 2017,<ref name="sil_change">{{Cite web|author=SIL International|author-link=SIL Global|date=2017-08-28|title=ISO 639-3 Registration Authority Request for Change No. 2017-032|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032.pdf|website=ISO 639-3|publication-place=[[Dallas]]|format=PDF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605171450if_/https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032.pdf|archive-date=2019-06-05|archive-format=PDF|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="sil_new">{{Cite web|author=SIL International|author-link=SIL Global|date=2017-08-28|title=Request for New Language Code Element in ISO 639-3: [sud]|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032_sud.pdf|website=ISO 639-3|publication-place=[[Dallas]]|format=PDF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605171450if_/https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/2017-032_sud.pdf|archive-date=2019-06-05|archive-format=PDF|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="sidosi_request">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|date=2017-07-28|title=The Road to ISO 639-3|url=https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=310|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230829154231if_/https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=310|archive-date=2023-08-29|access-date=2018-10-22|df=mdy-all}}</ref> ale byl odrinuly 23 janvara 2018.<ref name="sil_rejection">{{Cite web|author=SIL International|author-link=SIL Global|date=2018-01-23|title=Comments received for ISO 639-3 Change Request 2017-032|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/CR_Comments_2017-032.pdf|website=ISO 639-3|publication-place=[[Dallas]]|format=PDF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605171452if_/https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2017/CR_Comments_2017-032.pdf|archive-date=2019-06-05|archive-format=PDF|page=2|access-date=2019-09-27|df=mdy-all|quote=Zahtev za stvorenje koda [sud] za Solresol je odrinuły.}}</ref><ref name="sidosi_rejection">{{Cite web|last=Parson|first=Daniel|date=2018-02-01|title=Beyond ISO 639-3 (for now)|url=https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=350|website=Sidosi.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230829153926if_/https://www.sidosi.org/community/viewtopic.php?t=350|archive-date=2023-08-29|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Solresol je dobil kody {{Code|qso}} i {{Code|art-x-solresol}} v [[Codes for constructed languages|ConLang Code Registry]].<ref name="clcr">{{Cite web|last=Bettencourt|first=Rebecca G.|date=2015-01-08|title=ConLang Code Registry|url=https://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/|website=Kreative Korporation|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221127152005if_/http://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/|archive-date=2022-11-27|access-date=2021-04-06|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Sedm osnovnyh symbolov bylo predloženo za registraciju v [[ConScript Unicode Registry]].<ref name="csur">{{Cite web|last=Everson|first=Michael|author-link=Michael Everson|date=1997-01-21|title=Solresol: U+E770–U+E77F|url=https://www.evertype.com/standards/csur/solresol.html|website=ConScript Unicode Registry|publisher=Evertype|publication-place=[[Lecanvey]], [[Ireland]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417191120if_/https://www.evertype.com/standards/csur/solresol.html|archive-date=2021-04-17|access-date=2021-04-06|df=mdy-all}}</ref> == Priměrne teksty == ; Članok 1 ''[[Universalna deklaracija prav člověka|Universalnoj deklaracija prav člověka]]'' na medžuslovjanskom : ''Vsi ljudi rodet se svobodnymi i ravnymi v svojem dostojenstvu i pravah. Oni sut obdarjene razumom i svědomjem i muset postupati v odnošenju jedin k drugomu v duhu bratstva.'' ; Prěvod na Solresol : Siré misolredo faremi doredore domisimi re misóla, solfalafá dósila re réfasi. Dófa faremi remila fare dômilafa re dôfasifa, re fafa fasolfa midolǎ fare dômisola lasi sîmisila. ; Predstavjeno koristajuči ''ses'' Solresol : Sé muro fem pepe omúm e múl, salá ósau e éfai. Óf fem ril fe ômauf e ôfaif, e fa fuf ipǎu fe ômul lai âimail. == Gledite takože == * [[muzikalny jezyk]] * [[solfedžio]] * [[Tonic sol-fa]] * [[Voyage to Faremido]] * [[Ro jezyk]] ==Iztočniky== {{Iztočniky}} == Čitati dalje == * {{Cite book|last=Sudre|first=François|year=1866|title=Langue Musicale Universelle|url=http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/ladosol.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070831060525if_/http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/ladosol.html|archive-date=2007-08-31|publication-place=Paris|language=fr}} – HTML verzija celogo teksta Sudreovogo toma iz 1866, s originalnym [https://web.archive.org/web/20070831061613if_/http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/lrls_sosfs.html slovnikom] i [https://web.archive.org/web/20080310234035/http://www.uniovi.es/solresol/525/solrelaF.html frazeologijom] (v francozskom). * {{Cite book|last1=Couturat|first1=Louis|last2=Leau|first2=Léopold|year=1903|title=Histoire de la Langue Universelle|url=https://archive.org/details/histoiredelalang00coutuoft|publisher=Librairie Hachette|publication-place=[[Paris]]|language=fr|access-date=2025-11-28|df=mdy-all}} * {{Cite book|last=Eco|first=Umberto|author-link=Umberto Eco|date=1997-04-08|title=The Search for the Perfect Language|url=https://archive.org/details/searchforperfect00ecou|publisher=[[Wiley-Blackwell]]|publication-place=[[Cambridge, Massachusetts|Cambridge, Mass.]]|edition=1|series=The Making of Europe|isbn=978-0-631-20510-4|access-date=2025-11-27|df=mdy-all}} ==Vněšnje linky== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20191115021254if_/https://www.omniglot.com/writing/solresol.htm Solresol jezyk i stenografično pismo] na Omniglot, online enciklopediji sistemov pisanja i jezykov * Anglijsko-Solresol slovniky od [https://web.archive.org/web/20250121193252if_/http://www.datapacrat.com/True/LANG/SOLRESOL/DICTIONA.HTM Jasona Hutchensa] (6 julija 1998) i [https://web.archive.org/web/20100923132246if_/http://www.ifost.org.au/~gregb/solresol/sorsolex.htm Stephena L. Ricea] (19 novembra 1997) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20231130083816if_/http://sharyphil.com/root/solresol-the-project/ SolReSol: Projekt v0.95] od Phila Sharyja, open source Solresol–anglijsky i anglijsky–Solresol překladateľsky program za Windows (32- i 64-bitny) s live MIDI podporom (24 februara 2015) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20250818235352if_/https://wiki.xxiivv.com/site/solresol.html Moderny Simetričny Solresol] od Davida Mondou-Labbého (28 septembra 2023) * [https://eliseduv.dev/solresol/ Překladač Anglijsky↔Solresol] {{Umětne jezyky}} [[Kategorija:1827 introdukcije]] [[Kategorija:Analitične jezyky]] [[Kategorija:Konstruovane jezyky]] [[Kategorija:Medžunarodne pomočne jezyky]] [[Kategorija:jezyky potvrđene od 1820-tyh]] [[Kategorija:muzikalne jezyky]] p9l86rclyd6i7cos9mv55oguyezfjzh 0 6031 45585 45495 2026-08-12T17:54:13Z Ilja isv 10 45585 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kartka jezyk | name = Naʼvi | nativename = <center>{{lang|en|Lìʼfya leNaʼvi}}</center> | image = Studying the Na’vi dialogs.png | imagecaption = Dialog iz filma ''[[Avatar (2009 film)|Avatar]]'' na jezyku na’vi s anglijskymi prěvodami | pronunciation = {{IPA|[ˈnaʔvi]}} | creator = [[Paul Frommer]] | created = 2005 | setting = {{-|''[[Avatar (2009 film)|Avatar]]'', ''[[Avatar: The Way of Water]]'' i ''[[Avatar: Fire and Ash]]''}} | script = ''nikako'' (vo vsesvětu filma)<br/>[[Latinica]] | fam1 = [[Umětne jezyky]] | fam2 = Artistične jezyky | posteriori = [[Umětne jezyky]]<br />&nbsp;[[Apriorny jezyk|apriorne jezyky]] | iso3 = — | iso3comment = | linglist = {{-|08n}} | glotto = nema | ietf = [https://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/ {{-|art-x-navi}}] | notice = IPA | familycolor = }} '''Naʼvijsky jezyk''' ({{lang|en|Lìʼfya leNaʼvi}}) je [[umětne jezyky|umětny jezyk]], prvonačelno stvorjeny za film {{-|[[Avatar (2009 film)|''Avatar'']]}} iz 2009 g. V filmovoj franšizě govoret tym jezykom {{-|Naʼvi}}, vid razumnyh humanoidov, domorodnyh na vnězemskom měsecu ''Pandora''. Jezyk stvoril {{-|Paul|Пол }} Frommer, profesor v {{-|''USC Marshall School of Business''}} s doktoratom [[Jezykoznavstvo|lingvistiky]]. Naʼvi byl projektovany, da by odpovědal izobražen‌jam tvorca filma [[James Cameron|{{-|Jamesa Camerona|Джејмса Камерона}}]] o tom, kak jezyk povinen zvučati v filmu: inoplanetsko, ale prijemno i privlěkateljno za publiku. Kromě togo, on povinen byl byti realistično učimym za ljudske personaže filma i izgovorlivym za aktorov, ale takože ne mogl silno pripominati nijedin člověčsky jezyk. V svojej konečnoj formě jezyk sodrživa několiko elementov, ktory sut neobyčne v člověčskyh jezykah, tako kak kon‌jugacija glagolov s pomočju [[Infiks|infiksov]]. Vse lingvistične elementy na’vi nahodet se v člověčskyh jezykah, ale jihna kombinacija jest unikalna. Kogda film byl izpuščeny v 2009 g., naʼvi iměl rastuči slovnik priblizno tyseča slov, ale razuměn‌je gramatiky bylo ograničeno do samogo tvorca jezyka.<ref name="www.npr.org">{{Cite web| title = Do You Speak Naʼvi? Giving Voice To 'Avatar' Aliens | url = https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=121350582 |work= NPR |date=December 15, 2009 | access-date = 16 December 2009 }}</ref> Jednakože to izměnilo se pozdněje, kogda {{-|Frommer|Фроммер}} razširil slovnik do vyše 2600 slov<ref name="www.dict-navi.com">{{Cite web| title = DictNaʼvi Online Dictionary | url = http://dict-navi.com| access-date = 30 June 2020 }}</ref> i opublikoval gramatiku. Jezyk na’vi ne imaje kod [[ISO 639-3]]: prědložen‌je koristati <code>nvi</code> bylo odvrgneno v 2012 g.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/request/2011-035|title=Change Request Documentation: 2011-035|website=[[SIL International]]}}</ref> == Historija projekta == Naʼvijsky jezyk imaje svoje početky v ranom dělu {{-|Jamesa Camerona|Джејмса Камерона}} nad filmom {{-|''Avatar''}}. V 2005 g., kogda film ješče iměl formu scenarija, {{-|Cameron|Камерон}} čul, že on potrěbuje polny, doslědny jezyk, ktorymi budut govoriti [[inoplanetjan|inoplanetjani]]. On napisal priblizno 30 slov<ref>{{Cite web |last=Joy |first=Darrin |date=2010-04-26 |title=The Science of Avatar's Na'vi Language |url=https://dornsife.usc.edu/news/stories/the-science-of-language-navi-that-is/ |access-date=2026-03-22 |website=USC Dornsife News |language=en-US}}</ref> dlja togo inoplanetskogo jezyka, ale htěl, da by někoj lingvist stvoril polny jezyk. Jegova produkcijna kompanija, {{-|Lightstorm Entertainment}}, kontaktovala se s oddělom lingvistiky Universita Južnoj Kalifornije {{-|(USC)}} s zapytan‌jem, byl by li někto zainteresovany stvorjen‌jem takogo jezyka. Edward Finegan, profesor lingvistiky pri {{-|USC}}, stvrdil, že projekt by zainteresoval {{-|Paula|Пола}} Frommera, zajedno s ktorym on napisal učebnik lingvistiky,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Paul Frommer On Creating the Na'vi Language for Avatar |url=https://www.campfirewriting.com/learn/interview-paul-frommer |access-date=2026-03-22 |website=Campfire |language=en}}</ref> i tak prěslal mu prosbu od {{-|Lightstorm}}a.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Joy |first=Darrin |date=2010-04-26 |title=The Science of Avatar's Na'vi Language |url=https://dornsife.usc.edu/news/stories/the-science-of-language-navi-that-is/ |access-date=2026-03-22 |website=USC Dornsife News |language=en-US}}</ref> Frommer i Cameron sustrětli se, da by obgovorili viziju režisera dlja jezyka i jegovogo koristan‌ja v filmu; v koncu strěčen‌ja, {{-|Cameron|Камерон}} potisknul Frommeru ruku i skazal: "Dobrodošli na bort".<ref>{{Cite web |title='Avatar': How the Na'vi language was constructed |url=https://www.dw.com/en/avatar-how-the-navi-language-was-constructed/a-75206320 |access-date=2026-03-22 |website=dw.com |language=en}}</ref> Na osnově prvonačelnogo spisa slov {{-|Camerona|Камерона}}, ktory, po slovah Frommera, iměl "[[Polinezija|polinezijsky]] vkus",<ref name=uso>{{Cite web|url=https://usoproject.blogspot.com/2009/11/interview-with-paul-frommer-alien.html |title=An interview with Paul Frommer, Alien Language Creator for Avatar |work=Unidentified Sound Object |first=Matteo |last=Milani |date=November 24, 2009 |access-date=January 9, 2010}}</ref> lingvista sostavil tri različne skupiny bezsmyslnyh slov i fraz, ktore davali čutje o tom, kako by mogl zvučati inoplanetsky jezyk: prva s koristan‌jem kontrastnyh tonov, druga s koristan‌jem samoglasok raznoj dolgoty, a tretja s koristan‌jem [[Ejektivny suglaska|ejektivnyh suglasok]]. Iz tyh treh Kameronu najbolje vpadlo v vkus zvučan‌je ejektivov. Jegov izbor ustanovil [[Fonologija|fonologiju]], ktoru Frommer koristal v razvoju naʼvijskogo jezyka – [[Morfologija (lingvistika)|morfologije]], [[Sintaksa|sintaksy]] i prvonačelnogo slovnika – zadan‌je, ktoro zajelo mu šest měsecev.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Mirjalili |first=Fatemeh |date=2022-07-26 |title=Avatar's Na'vi Language Left An Unexpected Amount Of Room For Improv |url=https://www.slashfilm.com/940898/avatars-navi-language-left-an-unexpected-amount-of-room-for-improv/ |access-date=2026-03-22 |website=SlashFilm |language=en}}</ref> Naʼvijsky slovosbor byl stvorjeny Frommerom na potrěby scenarija filma. Kogda počel se kasting, jezyk byl dostatočno razvity, že v času prěslušanij aktori musěli čitati i izgovarjati naʼvijsky dialog. Takože v tečen‌ju filmovan‌ja Frommer rabotal s aktorami, pomagajuči jim razuměti naʼvijske dialogy i davajuči jim rady odnosno izgovora, udarjen‌ja i intonacije.<ref name="uso" /> Aktori često dělali grěšky pri govorjen‌ju na naʼvi. V něktoryh slučajah te grěšky byli věrojetnym sposobom objasnjene kako grěšky ljudskyh personažev pri učen‌ju jezyka, v inyh slučajah te grěšky byli vključene v jezyk.<ref name=":0" /> Frommer dalje razširil slovnik v maju 2009 g., kogda on rabotal nad videoigroju ''Avatar'',<ref name="uso" /> ktora potrěbovala naʼvijske slova, ktore ne byli v filmu i zato ješče ne byli izmysljene. Frommer takože prěvedl na naʼvi četyri sostavy tekstov pěsnjej napisanyh {{-|Cameronom|Камероном}} na anglijskom<ref name="uso" /> i pomagal pěvcam s izgovorom podčas naigryvan‌ja filmovoj muziky [[James Horner|{{-|Jamesa Hornera|Джејмса Хорнера}}]]. V času izpuščen‌ja filma 18 dekembra 2009 g. naʼvijsky slovnik sostojal iz priblizno 1.000 slov.<ref name=":1" /> Rabota nad naʼvijskym jezykom prodolžala se i poslě izpuščen‌ja filma. Frommer rabotaje nad sbornikom, ktory v blizkoj budučnosti planuje prědati [[20th Century Fox|{{-|Foxu|Fox’у]].<ref name=vf>{{Cite journal|url=http://www.vanityfair.com/online/oscars/2009/12/brushing-up-on-navi-the-language-of-avatar.html |title=Brushing up on Naʼvi, the Language of ''Avatar'' |journal=Vanity Fair |first=Julian |last=Sancton |date=December 1, 2009 |access-date=January 16, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100108074609/http://www.vanityfair.com/online/oscars/2009/12/brushing-up-on-navi-the-language-of-avatar.html |archive-date=January 8, 2010 }}</ref> On imaje naděju, že jezyk bude "imati život sam po sobě",<ref name=lat>{{Cite news|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/herocomplex/2009/11/usc-professor-creates-alien-language-for-avatar.html |title=USC professor creates an entire alien language for 'Avatar' |work=Los Angeles Times |first=Geoff |last=Boucher |date=November 20, 2009 |access-date=January 16, 2010}}</ref> i mysli, že bylo by "čudno", ako by jezyk dobyl poslědovateljev.<ref name=uso /> Od togo časa on zaisto dobyl poslědovateljev, kako to jest vidno črěz rastuču občinu ljudij, ktori učet se jezyku.<ref name="ubc">{{Cite journal|date=July 28, 2011|title=Language of Avatar under study|url=https://news.ok.ubc.ca/2011/07/28/language-of-avatar-under-study/|journal=UBC Media Releases|access-date=October 25, 2011}}</ref> V surabotě s Frommerom tuta občina imaje Projekt leksikalnogo razširjen‌ja, ktory razširil slovnik na vyše 50 procentov.<ref name=":0" /> Frommer takože imaje svoj blog, [https://naviteri.org/ Na’viteri], kde on od časa do časa objavjaje dodan‌ja k slovniku i razjasnjen‌ja gramatiky. Naʼviteri byl žrlom levjej česti razvoja jezyka naʼvi nezavisno od Frommerovogo kontrakta {{-|Foxom|Fox’ом}}. == Priklady == * {{-|''Fìtrr lu sìltsana trr.''}} «Dnes je dobry denj.» * {{-|''Emyu new syuvet ayfol yivom.''}} «Šef hoče, že oni sjedut tu jedu.» * {{-|''kew''}} «nolj», {{-|'''aw''}} «jedin», {{-|''mune''}} «dva», {{-|''pxey''}} «tri», {{-|''tsìng''}} «četyri», {{-|''mrr''}} «pet», {{-|''pukap''}} «šest», {{-|''kinä''}} «sedm» (Jezyk na’vi imaje oktalnu sistemu)<ref name="MillerA">Miller, Appendix A</ref> == Iztočniky == {{Iztočniky}} == Za daljše čitan‌je == * {{cite book |last=Annis |first=William S. |title= Horen Lìʼfyayä leNaʼvi: A Reference Grammar of Naʼvi |url=http://files.learnnavi.org/docs/horen-lenavi.pdf}} * {{Cite web|url=http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?p=1977 |title=Some highlights of Naʼvi |first=Paul |last=Frommer |author2=Zimmer, Benjamin |work=Language Log |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130620023405/http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?p=1977 |archive-date=2013-06-20 |date=December 19, 2009}} * {{Cite web|url=https://usoproject.blogspot.com/2009/11/interview-with-paul-frommer-alien.html |title=An interview with Paul Frommer, Alien Language Creator for Avatar |work=Unidentified Sound Object |first=Matteo |last=Milani |date=2009-11-24}} * {{Cite book| editor-first = Mark | editor-last = Miller | title = Naʼvi Dictionary}} * {{Cite journal|url=http://www.vanityfair.com/online/oscars/2009/12/brushing-up-on-navi-the-language-of-avatar.html |title=Brushing up on Naʼvi, the Language of ''Avatar'' |journal=Vanity Fair |first=Julian |last=Sancton |date=2009-12-01 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100108074609/http://www.vanityfair.com/online/oscars/2009/12/brushing-up-on-navi-the-language-of-avatar.html |archive-date=2010-01-08}} * {{Cite book |title=James Cameron's Avatar: A Confidential Report on the Biological and Social History of Pandora |publisher=!t (HarperCollins) |location=New York City |first=Maria |last=Wilhelm |author2=Mathison, Dirk |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-06-189675-0 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/avatarconfidenti00mari }} * {{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/12/06/magazine/06FOB-onlanguage-t.html |title=Skxawng! |work=The New York Times |first=Benjamin |last=Zimmer |date=2009-12-04}} To vključuje zvučny zapis Frommera izgovarjajučego několiko fraz na jezyku naʼvi. == Vněšnje linky == {{Commonscat|Na'vi language}} * [http://naviteri.org {{-|Naviteri.org}}] - Blog {{-|Paula|Пола}} Frommera o jezyku na’vi * [http://learnnavi.org {{-|LearnNavi.org}}] - Občinne formuy, resursy za učen‌je naʼvi, mnogojezyčnyt slovnik, gramatičny provodnik i tako dalje * [https://Kelutral.org {{-|Kelutral.org}}] - Moderne resursy, lekcije i občina za učen‌je jezyka na’vi * [https://reykunyu.lu/ {{-|Reykunyu}}] - {{-|Reykunyu}} je legko koristajemy onlajn slovnik na’vi, ktory takože poddrživaje prěvody na/iz anglijskogo, němečskogo, francuzskogo i drugyh jezykov * [http://dict-navi.com/en/ {{-|Dict-Naʼvi.com}}] - Naʼvi/anglijsky onlajn slovnik (mnogojezyčny) * [https://fwew.app {{-|fwew.app}}] - Naʼvi/anglijsky onlajn slovnik (mnogojezyčny) * [https://news.bbc.co.uk/today/hi/today/newsid_8409000/8409319.stm {{-|BBC}} intervju iz dekembra 2009], v ktorom Frommer recituje {{Lang|en|Hunt Song}} (0818 emisija: 3'30") * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L4bZRIwI-QA {{-|TheFatRat & Maisy Kay - The Storm (Official Music Video)}}] - Pěsnja čestično na jezyku naʼvi == Izvor == {{Prěvod|en|Na'vi language}} {{Umětne jezyky}} {{Pravopis prověrjeny}} [[Kategorija:Umětne jezyky]] [[Kategorija:Fikcijne jezyky]] 0yuuto1krdkukscdsv2c6ms4pilmexy 45586 45585 2026-08-12T17:56:00Z Ilja isv 10 /* Historija projekta */ 45586 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kartka jezyk | name = Naʼvi | nativename = <center>{{lang|en|Lìʼfya leNaʼvi}}</center> | image = Studying the Na’vi dialogs.png | imagecaption = Dialog iz filma ''[[Avatar (2009 film)|Avatar]]'' na jezyku na’vi s anglijskymi prěvodami | pronunciation = {{IPA|[ˈnaʔvi]}} | creator = [[Paul Frommer]] | created = 2005 | setting = {{-|''[[Avatar (2009 film)|Avatar]]'', ''[[Avatar: The Way of Water]]'' i ''[[Avatar: Fire and Ash]]''}} | script = ''nikako'' (vo vsesvětu filma)<br/>[[Latinica]] | fam1 = [[Umětne jezyky]] | fam2 = Artistične jezyky | posteriori = [[Umětne jezyky]]<br />&nbsp;[[Apriorny jezyk|apriorne jezyky]] | iso3 = — | iso3comment = | linglist = {{-|08n}} | glotto = nema | ietf = [https://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/ {{-|art-x-navi}}] | notice = IPA | familycolor = }} '''Naʼvijsky jezyk''' ({{lang|en|Lìʼfya leNaʼvi}}) je [[umětne jezyky|umětny jezyk]], prvonačelno stvorjeny za film {{-|[[Avatar (2009 film)|''Avatar'']]}} iz 2009 g. V filmovoj franšizě govoret tym jezykom {{-|Naʼvi}}, vid razumnyh humanoidov, domorodnyh na vnězemskom měsecu ''Pandora''. Jezyk stvoril {{-|Paul|Пол }} Frommer, profesor v {{-|''USC Marshall School of Business''}} s doktoratom [[Jezykoznavstvo|lingvistiky]]. Naʼvi byl projektovany, da by odpovědal izobražen‌jam tvorca filma [[James Cameron|{{-|Jamesa Camerona|Джејмса Камерона}}]] o tom, kak jezyk povinen zvučati v filmu: inoplanetsko, ale prijemno i privlěkateljno za publiku. Kromě togo, on povinen byl byti realistično učimym za ljudske personaže filma i izgovorlivym za aktorov, ale takože ne mogl silno pripominati nijedin člověčsky jezyk. V svojej konečnoj formě jezyk sodrživa několiko elementov, ktory sut neobyčne v člověčskyh jezykah, tako kak kon‌jugacija glagolov s pomočju [[Infiks|infiksov]]. Vse lingvistične elementy na’vi nahodet se v člověčskyh jezykah, ale jihna kombinacija jest unikalna. Kogda film byl izpuščeny v 2009 g., naʼvi iměl rastuči slovnik priblizno tyseča slov, ale razuměn‌je gramatiky bylo ograničeno do samogo tvorca jezyka.<ref name="www.npr.org">{{Cite web| title = Do You Speak Naʼvi? Giving Voice To 'Avatar' Aliens | url = https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=121350582 |work= NPR |date=December 15, 2009 | access-date = 16 December 2009 }}</ref> Jednakože to izměnilo se pozdněje, kogda {{-|Frommer|Фроммер}} razširil slovnik do vyše 2600 slov<ref name="www.dict-navi.com">{{Cite web| title = DictNaʼvi Online Dictionary | url = http://dict-navi.com| access-date = 30 June 2020 }}</ref> i opublikoval gramatiku. Jezyk na’vi ne imaje kod [[ISO 639-3]]: prědložen‌je koristati <code>nvi</code> bylo odvrgneno v 2012 g.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/request/2011-035|title=Change Request Documentation: 2011-035|website=[[SIL International]]}}</ref> == Historija projekta == Naʼvijsky jezyk imaje svoje početky v ranom dělu {{-|Jamesa Camerona|Джејмса Камерона}} nad filmom {{-|''Avatar''}}. V 2005 g., kogda film ješče iměl formu scenarija, {{-|Cameron|Камерон}} čul, že on potrěbuje polny, doslědny jezyk, ktorymi budut govoriti [[inoplanetjan|inoplanetjani]]. On napisal priblizno 30 slov<ref>{{Cite web |last=Joy |first=Darrin |date=2010-04-26 |title=The Science of Avatar's Na'vi Language |url=https://dornsife.usc.edu/news/stories/the-science-of-language-navi-that-is/ |access-date=2026-03-22 |website=USC Dornsife News |language=en-US}}</ref> dlja togo inoplanetskogo jezyka, ale htěl, da by někoj lingvist stvoril polny jezyk. Jegova produkcijna kompanija, {{-|Lightstorm Entertainment}}, kontaktovala s oddělom lingvistiky Universita Južnoj Kalifornije {{-|(USC)}} s zapytan‌jem, byl by li někto zainteresovany stvorjen‌jem takogo jezyka. Edward Finegan, profesor lingvistiky pri {{-|USC}}, stvrdil, že projekt by zainteresoval {{-|Paula|Пола}} Frommera, zajedno s ktorym on napisal učebnik lingvistiky,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Paul Frommer On Creating the Na'vi Language for Avatar |url=https://www.campfirewriting.com/learn/interview-paul-frommer |access-date=2026-03-22 |website=Campfire |language=en}}</ref> i tak prěslal mu prosbu od {{-|Lightstorm}}a.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Joy |first=Darrin |date=2010-04-26 |title=The Science of Avatar's Na'vi Language |url=https://dornsife.usc.edu/news/stories/the-science-of-language-navi-that-is/ |access-date=2026-03-22 |website=USC Dornsife News |language=en-US}}</ref> Frommer i Cameron sustrětli se, da by obgovorili viziju režisera dlja jezyka i jegovogo koristan‌ja v filmu; v koncu strěčen‌ja, {{-|Cameron|Камерон}} potisknul Frommeru ruku i skazal: "Dobrodošli na bort".<ref>{{Cite web |title='Avatar': How the Na'vi language was constructed |url=https://www.dw.com/en/avatar-how-the-navi-language-was-constructed/a-75206320 |access-date=2026-03-22 |website=dw.com |language=en}}</ref> Na osnově prvonačelnogo spisa slov {{-|Camerona|Камерона}}, ktory, po slovah Frommera, iměl "[[Polinezija|polinezijsky]] vkus",<ref name=uso>{{Cite web|url=https://usoproject.blogspot.com/2009/11/interview-with-paul-frommer-alien.html |title=An interview with Paul Frommer, Alien Language Creator for Avatar |work=Unidentified Sound Object |first=Matteo |last=Milani |date=November 24, 2009 |access-date=January 9, 2010}}</ref> lingvista sostavil tri različne skupiny bezsmyslnyh slov i fraz, ktore davali čutje o tom, kako by mogl zvučati inoplanetsky jezyk: prva s koristan‌jem kontrastnyh tonov, druga s koristan‌jem samoglasok raznoj dolgoty, a tretja s koristan‌jem [[Ejektivny suglaska|ejektivnyh suglasok]]. Iz tyh treh Kameronu najbolje vpadlo v vkus zvučan‌je ejektivov. Jegov izbor ustanovil [[Fonologija|fonologiju]], ktoru Frommer koristal v razvoju naʼvijskogo jezyka – [[Morfologija (lingvistika)|morfologije]], [[Sintaksa|sintaksy]] i prvonačelnogo slovnika – zadan‌je, ktoro zajelo mu šest měsecev.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Mirjalili |first=Fatemeh |date=2022-07-26 |title=Avatar's Na'vi Language Left An Unexpected Amount Of Room For Improv |url=https://www.slashfilm.com/940898/avatars-navi-language-left-an-unexpected-amount-of-room-for-improv/ |access-date=2026-03-22 |website=SlashFilm |language=en}}</ref> Naʼvijsky slovosbor byl stvorjeny Frommerom na potrěby scenarija filma. Kogda počel se kasting, jezyk byl dostatočno razvity, že v času prěslušanij aktori musěli čitati i izgovarjati naʼvijsky dialog. Takože v tečen‌ju filmovan‌ja Frommer rabotal s aktorami, pomagajuči jim razuměti naʼvijske dialogy i davajuči jim rady odnosno izgovora, udarjen‌ja i intonacije.<ref name="uso" /> Aktori često dělali grěšky pri govorjen‌ju na naʼvi. V něktoryh slučajah te grěšky byli věrojetnym sposobom objasnjene kako grěšky ljudskyh personažev pri učen‌ju jezyka, v inyh slučajah te grěšky byli vključene v jezyk.<ref name=":0" /> Frommer dalje razširil slovnik v maju 2009 g., kogda on rabotal nad videoigroju ''Avatar'',<ref name="uso" /> ktora potrěbovala naʼvijske slova, ktore ne byli v filmu i zato ješče ne byli izmysljene. Frommer takože prěvedl na naʼvi četyri sostavy tekstov pěsnjej napisanyh {{-|Cameronom|Камероном}} na anglijskom<ref name="uso" /> i pomagal pěvcam s izgovorom podčas naigryvan‌ja filmovoj muziky [[James Horner|{{-|Jamesa Hornera|Джејмса Хорнера}}]]. V času izpuščen‌ja filma 18 dekembra 2009 g. naʼvijsky slovnik sostojal iz priblizno 1.000 slov.<ref name=":1" /> Rabota nad naʼvijskym jezykom prodolžala se i poslě izpuščen‌ja filma. Frommer rabotaje nad sbornikom, ktory v blizkoj budučnosti planuje prědati [[20th Century Fox|{{-|Foxu|Fox’у]].<ref name=vf>{{Cite journal|url=http://www.vanityfair.com/online/oscars/2009/12/brushing-up-on-navi-the-language-of-avatar.html |title=Brushing up on Naʼvi, the Language of ''Avatar'' |journal=Vanity Fair |first=Julian |last=Sancton |date=December 1, 2009 |access-date=January 16, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100108074609/http://www.vanityfair.com/online/oscars/2009/12/brushing-up-on-navi-the-language-of-avatar.html |archive-date=January 8, 2010 }}</ref> On imaje naděju, že jezyk bude "imati život sam po sobě",<ref name=lat>{{Cite news|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/herocomplex/2009/11/usc-professor-creates-alien-language-for-avatar.html |title=USC professor creates an entire alien language for 'Avatar' |work=Los Angeles Times |first=Geoff |last=Boucher |date=November 20, 2009 |access-date=January 16, 2010}}</ref> i mysli, že bylo by "čudno", ako by jezyk dobyl poslědovateljev.<ref name=uso /> Od togo časa on zaisto dobyl poslědovateljev, kako to jest vidno črěz rastuču občinu ljudij, ktori učet se jezyku.<ref name="ubc">{{Cite journal|date=July 28, 2011|title=Language of Avatar under study|url=https://news.ok.ubc.ca/2011/07/28/language-of-avatar-under-study/|journal=UBC Media Releases|access-date=October 25, 2011}}</ref> V surabotě s Frommerom tuta občina imaje Projekt leksikalnogo razširjen‌ja, ktory razširil slovnik na vyše 50 procentov.<ref name=":0" /> Frommer takože imaje svoj blog, [https://naviteri.org/ Na’viteri], kde on od časa do časa objavjaje dodan‌ja k slovniku i razjasnjen‌ja gramatiky. Naʼviteri byl žrlom levjej česti razvoja jezyka naʼvi nezavisno od Frommerovogo kontrakta {{-|Foxom|Fox’ом}}. == Priklady == * {{-|''Fìtrr lu sìltsana trr.''}} «Dnes je dobry denj.» * {{-|''Emyu new syuvet ayfol yivom.''}} «Šef hoče, že oni sjedut tu jedu.» * {{-|''kew''}} «nolj», {{-|'''aw''}} «jedin», {{-|''mune''}} «dva», {{-|''pxey''}} «tri», {{-|''tsìng''}} «četyri», {{-|''mrr''}} «pet», {{-|''pukap''}} «šest», {{-|''kinä''}} «sedm» (Jezyk na’vi imaje oktalnu sistemu)<ref name="MillerA">Miller, Appendix A</ref> == Iztočniky == {{Iztočniky}} == Za daljše čitan‌je == * {{cite book |last=Annis |first=William S. |title= Horen Lìʼfyayä leNaʼvi: A Reference Grammar of Naʼvi |url=http://files.learnnavi.org/docs/horen-lenavi.pdf}} * {{Cite web|url=http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?p=1977 |title=Some highlights of Naʼvi |first=Paul |last=Frommer |author2=Zimmer, Benjamin |work=Language Log |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130620023405/http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?p=1977 |archive-date=2013-06-20 |date=December 19, 2009}} * {{Cite web|url=https://usoproject.blogspot.com/2009/11/interview-with-paul-frommer-alien.html |title=An interview with Paul Frommer, Alien Language Creator for Avatar |work=Unidentified Sound Object |first=Matteo |last=Milani |date=2009-11-24}} * {{Cite book| editor-first = Mark | editor-last = Miller | title = Naʼvi Dictionary}} * {{Cite journal|url=http://www.vanityfair.com/online/oscars/2009/12/brushing-up-on-navi-the-language-of-avatar.html |title=Brushing up on Naʼvi, the Language of ''Avatar'' |journal=Vanity Fair |first=Julian |last=Sancton |date=2009-12-01 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100108074609/http://www.vanityfair.com/online/oscars/2009/12/brushing-up-on-navi-the-language-of-avatar.html |archive-date=2010-01-08}} * {{Cite book |title=James Cameron's Avatar: A Confidential Report on the Biological and Social History of Pandora |publisher=!t (HarperCollins) |location=New York City |first=Maria |last=Wilhelm |author2=Mathison, Dirk |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-06-189675-0 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/avatarconfidenti00mari }} * {{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/12/06/magazine/06FOB-onlanguage-t.html |title=Skxawng! |work=The New York Times |first=Benjamin |last=Zimmer |date=2009-12-04}} To vključuje zvučny zapis Frommera izgovarjajučego několiko fraz na jezyku naʼvi. == Vněšnje linky == {{Commonscat|Na'vi language}} * [http://naviteri.org {{-|Naviteri.org}}] - Blog {{-|Paula|Пола}} Frommera o jezyku na’vi * [http://learnnavi.org {{-|LearnNavi.org}}] - Občinne formuy, resursy za učen‌je naʼvi, mnogojezyčnyt slovnik, gramatičny provodnik i tako dalje * [https://Kelutral.org {{-|Kelutral.org}}] - Moderne resursy, lekcije i občina za učen‌je jezyka na’vi * [https://reykunyu.lu/ {{-|Reykunyu}}] - {{-|Reykunyu}} je legko koristajemy onlajn slovnik na’vi, ktory takože poddrživaje prěvody na/iz anglijskogo, němečskogo, francuzskogo i drugyh jezykov * [http://dict-navi.com/en/ {{-|Dict-Naʼvi.com}}] - Naʼvi/anglijsky onlajn slovnik (mnogojezyčny) * [https://fwew.app {{-|fwew.app}}] - Naʼvi/anglijsky onlajn slovnik (mnogojezyčny) * [https://news.bbc.co.uk/today/hi/today/newsid_8409000/8409319.stm {{-|BBC}} intervju iz dekembra 2009], v ktorom Frommer recituje {{Lang|en|Hunt Song}} (0818 emisija: 3'30") * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L4bZRIwI-QA {{-|TheFatRat & Maisy Kay - The Storm (Official Music Video)}}] - Pěsnja čestično na jezyku naʼvi == Izvor == {{Prěvod|en|Na'vi language}} {{Umětne jezyky}} {{Pravopis prověrjeny}} [[Kategorija:Umětne jezyky]] [[Kategorija:Fikcijne jezyky]] ni1q36red1m02uqvldhy43vvl81odso 0 6045 45579 2026-08-12T16:54:23Z Orm Ryungvaldson 254 Stvorjena nova stranica s tekstom: «'''Данджен-синт''' — јест жанр електроничној [[Muzika|музикы]], кторы возникнул од чрного метала в начелу 1990-х роков меджу учестников ранњеј норвежској сцены. Характеристичными чртами жанра јавјајут се употрєбјенје [[Синтезатор|синтезатора]] ако кључног...» 45579 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Данджен-синт''' — јест жанр електроничној [[Muzika|музикы]], кторы возникнул од чрного метала в начелу 1990-х роков меджу учестников ранњеј норвежској сцены. Характеристичными чртами жанра јавјајут се употрєбјенје [[Синтезатор|синтезатора]] ако кључного [[Музикалны инструмент|инструмента]] и мрачно чрно-металично звучанје<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/music/2025/feb/25/the-dark-delightful-magic-of-the-dungeon-synth-scene</ref><ref>https://thequietus.com/culture/books/rock-it-from-the-crypt-jordan-whiteman-on-the-invention-of-dungeon-synth/</ref>. == Изтокы == Праотцами жанра сут были музикалне пројекты [[Mortiis]]<ref>https://www.decibelmagazine.com/2017/10/16/mortiis-black-metal-dungeon-synth-beyond/</ref> и [[Burzum]]. == Поджанры == '''Стара школа''' — то јест поджанр характеристичны класичным звучанјем 1990-х роков. '''Дино-синт''' — то јест поджанр надохнуты естетикоју динозавров. Прєдставитељи поджанра често употрєбјајут в музикє звукы кторе обчет се с динозаврами. '''Келлер-синт''' — то јест комбинација енергичној електроничној [[Muzika|музикы]] и естетикы крајного метала. Поджанр характеризује се быстрыми ритмами. == Линкы == cjg30pl7vipna85pqw37aeuwy7nhm1k 45592 45579 2026-08-12T22:06:22Z Orm Ryungvaldson 254 /* Поджанры */ 45592 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Данджен-синт''' — јест жанр електроничној [[Muzika|музикы]], кторы возникнул од чрного метала в начелу 1990-х роков меджу учестников ранњеј норвежској сцены. Характеристичными чртами жанра јавјајут се употрєбјенје [[Синтезатор|синтезатора]] ако кључного [[Музикалны инструмент|инструмента]] и мрачно чрно-металично звучанје<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/music/2025/feb/25/the-dark-delightful-magic-of-the-dungeon-synth-scene</ref><ref>https://thequietus.com/culture/books/rock-it-from-the-crypt-jordan-whiteman-on-the-invention-of-dungeon-synth/</ref>. == Изтокы == Праотцами жанра сут были музикалне пројекты [[Mortiis]]<ref>https://www.decibelmagazine.com/2017/10/16/mortiis-black-metal-dungeon-synth-beyond/</ref> и [[Burzum]]. == Поджанры == '''Стара школа''' — то јест поджанр характеристичны класичным звучанјем 1990-х роков. '''Лесной синт''' — то јест поджанр с вече јасноју и басњевоју атмосфероју. '''Зимовы синт''' — музика с хладноју и мразноју атмосфероју. '''Дино-синт''' — то јест поджанр надохнуты естетикоју динозавров. Прєдставитељи поджанра често употрєбјајут в музикє звукы кторе обчет се с динозаврами. '''Келлер-синт''' — то јест комбинација енергичној електроничној [[Muzika|музикы]] и естетикы крајного метала. Поджанр характеризује се быстрыми ритмами. '''Меджусловјанскы данжн-синт''' — то јест поджанр в лирикє кторого употрєбјаје меджусловјанскы језык. Дља поджанра характеристичне музикалне мотивы словјанскых народов.<ref>https://dungeon-synth.neocities.org/subgenres</ref> == Линкы == rkxbhyyqqgdkzl079w3noa0egha8qv5 45593 45592 2026-08-12T22:07:59Z Orm Ryungvaldson 254 /* Поджанры */ 45593 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Данджен-синт''' — јест жанр електроничној [[Muzika|музикы]], кторы возникнул од чрного метала в начелу 1990-х роков меджу учестников ранњеј норвежској сцены. Характеристичными чртами жанра јавјајут се употрєбјенје [[Синтезатор|синтезатора]] ако кључного [[Музикалны инструмент|инструмента]] и мрачно чрно-металично звучанје<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/music/2025/feb/25/the-dark-delightful-magic-of-the-dungeon-synth-scene</ref><ref>https://thequietus.com/culture/books/rock-it-from-the-crypt-jordan-whiteman-on-the-invention-of-dungeon-synth/</ref>. == Изтокы == Праотцами жанра сут были музикалне пројекты [[Mortiis]]<ref>https://www.decibelmagazine.com/2017/10/16/mortiis-black-metal-dungeon-synth-beyond/</ref> и [[Burzum]]. == Поджанры == '''Стара школа''' — то јест поджанр характеристичны класичным звучанјем 1990-х роков<ref name=":0">https://dungeon-synth.neocities.org/subgenres</ref>. '''Лесной синт''' — то јест поджанр с вече јасноју и басњевоју атмосфероју<ref name=":0" />. '''Зимовы синт''' — музика с хладноју и мразноју атмосфероју<ref name=":0" />. '''Дино-синт''' — то јест поджанр надохнуты естетикоју динозавров. Прєдставитељи поджанра често употрєбјајут в музикє звукы кторе обчет се с динозаврами<ref name=":0" />. '''Келлер-синт''' — то јест комбинација енергичној електроничној [[Muzika|музикы]] и естетикы крајного метала. Поджанр характеризује се быстрыми ритмами<ref name=":0" />. '''Меджусловјанскы данжн-синт''' — то јест поджанр в лирикє кторого употрєбјаје меджусловјанскы језык. Дља поджанра характеристичне музикалне мотивы словјанскых народов<ref name=":0" />. == Линкы == 81af2vzvoapq8g9epk6fcbqb2prj1hw 45594 45593 2026-08-12T22:09:57Z Orm Ryungvaldson 254 45594 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Данджен-синт''' — јест жанр електроничној [[Muzika|музикы]], кторы возникнул од чрного метала в начелу 1990-х роков меджу учестников ранњеј норвежској сцены. Характеристичными чртами жанра јавјајут се употрєбјенје [[Синтезатор|синтезатора]] ако кључного [[Музикалны инструмент|инструмента]] и мрачно чрно-металично звучанје<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/music/2025/feb/25/the-dark-delightful-magic-of-the-dungeon-synth-scene</ref><ref>https://thequietus.com/culture/books/rock-it-from-the-crypt-jordan-whiteman-on-the-invention-of-dungeon-synth/</ref>. == Изтокы == Праотцами жанра сут были музикалне пројекты [[Mortiis]]<ref>https://www.decibelmagazine.com/2017/10/16/mortiis-black-metal-dungeon-synth-beyond/</ref> и [[Burzum]]. == Поджанры == '''Стара школа''' — то јест поджанр характеристичны класичным звучанјем 1990-х роков<ref name=":0">https://dungeon-synth.neocities.org/subgenres</ref>. '''Лесной синт''' — то јест поджанр с вече јасноју и басњевоју атмосфероју<ref name=":0" />. '''Зимовы синт''' — музика с хладноју и мразноју атмосфероју<ref name=":0" />. '''Дино-синт''' — то јест поджанр надохнуты естетикоју динозавров. Прєдставитељи поджанра често употрєбјајут в музикє звукы кторе обчет се с динозаврами<ref name=":0" />. '''Келлер-синт''' — то јест комбинација енергичној електроничној [[Muzika|музикы]] и естетикы крајного метала. Поджанр характеризује се быстрыми ритмами<ref name=":0" />. '''Меджусловјанскы данжн-синт''' — то јест поджанр в лирикє кторого употрєбјаје се меджусловјанскы језык. Дља поджанра характеристичне музикалне мотивы словјанскых народов<ref name=":0" />. == Линкы == 3wypiuagv8vz35s15qfx3dmjkdj9w3r 2 6046 45596 2026-08-12T23:13:52Z AdamWikt 407 Stvorjena nova stranica s tekstom: «Pozdrav, ja jesm Adam. Ja živu v Londonu, i uču se Medžudslovjanskogo. {{#Babel:en|pl|isv-1|es-1}}» 45596 wikitext text/x-wiki Pozdrav, ja jesm Adam. Ja živu v Londonu, i uču se Medžudslovjanskogo. {{#Babel:en|pl|isv-1|es-1}} 6xurq71hzylg8wvh8z1fxbaoyps463p 45599 45596 2026-08-12T23:14:30Z AdamWikt 407 45599 wikitext text/x-wiki Pozdrav, ja jesm Adam. Ja živu v Londonu, i uču se Medžudslovjanskogo. {{#Babel:pl|en|isv-1|es-1}} ifyou90yjwk3yh632j906hvt74lrkum 45649 45599 2026-08-13T09:49:53Z AdamWikt 407 /* */ 45649 wikitext text/x-wiki Pozdrav, ja jesm Adam. Ja živu v Londonu, i uču se Medžudslovjanskogo. Moj discord to „R3Dskyblusky”. {{#Babel:pl|en|isv-1|es-1}} l6pepxz8k1taoo1rddid07ehmqbbycj 14 6047 45597 2026-08-12T23:13:52Z Babel AutoCreate 138 Avtomatično stvorjenje stranice dlja kategorije [[Project:Babilon|Babilon]] 45597 wikitext text/x-wiki Koristniki v tutoj kategoriji ukazyvajut, že znajut jezyk Polish na uravnju N. [[Category:User_pl|N]] c1wsjzi3x9ze85mtttihv5s0rwtgumm 14 6048 45598 2026-08-12T23:13:53Z Babel AutoCreate 138 Avtomatično stvorjenje stranice dlja kategorije [[Project:Babilon|Babilon]] 45598 wikitext text/x-wiki Koristniki v tutoj kategoriji ukazyvajut, že znajut jezyk Spanish na uravnju 1. [[Category:User_es|1]] ghoy1vjplrvxa4ozil8g5c28nc20bzu 0 6049 45600 2026-08-12T23:33:16Z AdamWikt 407 Stvorjena nova stranica s tekstom: «'''Kurpie''' to je grupa etnografična i krajina na sěvernoj [[Poljska|Poljskě]]. Dialekt kurpiovsky ima [[Ortografija|ortografiju]] stvorjenju črěz jezykoznavca Jerzego Rubacha.» 45600 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kurpie''' to je grupa etnografična i krajina na sěvernoj [[Poljska|Poljskě]]. Dialekt kurpiovsky ima [[Ortografija|ortografiju]] stvorjenju črěz jezykoznavca Jerzego Rubacha. nic4xkk1kscig2p5xix9iethuvc68ad 45601 45600 2026-08-12T23:36:05Z AdamWikt 407 jesm dodal mapu 45601 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fajl:Kurpie na mapie Polski.jpg|thumb|Mapa Kurpy]] '''Kurpie''' to je grupa etnografična i krajina na sěvernoj [[Poljska|Poljskě]]. Dialekt kurpiovsky ima [[Ortografija|ortografiju]] stvorjenju črěz jezykoznavca Jerzego Rubacha. nxhl30fsih5mahf2vwbn3qaopoebzn6 45602 45601 2026-08-12T23:37:08Z AdamWikt 407 45602 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fajl:Kurpie na mapie Polski.jpg|thumb|Mapa Kurpy]] {{Začetok}} '''Kurpie''' to je grupa etnografična i krajina na sěvernoj [[Poljska|Poljskě]]. Dialekt kurpiovsky ima [[Ortografija|ortografiju]] stvorjenju črěz jezykoznavca Jerzego Rubacha. 0uznrev9idjxklui3eotv2de4sw49il 45610 45602 2026-08-13T05:44:11Z Ilja isv 10 45610 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Začetok|data=August 2026}} [[Fajl:Kurpie na mapie Polski.jpg|thumb|Mapa Kurpy]] '''Kurpie''' to je grupa etnografična i krajina na sěvernoj [[Poljska|Poljskě]]. Dialekt kurpiovsky ima [[Ortografija|ortografiju]] stvorjenju črěz jezykoznavca Jerzego Rubacha. qi218fjfpc0dceimpvc4ooelde5vwbs 45615 45610 2026-08-13T06:16:27Z Ilja isv 10 45615 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Začetok|data=August 2026}} {{Kartka narodnost | group = Kurpi | image = [[Fajl:Kurpie Zielone i Białe (mapki).png|thumb|300px|[[Zelene Kurpi]] i [[Běle Kurpi]] na mapě Polsky]] | image_caption = [[Kurpie Zielone]] i [[Kurpie Białe]] na mapie Polski | regions = [[Poljska]] ({{-|Kurpiowszczyzna}}): <br/>[[Mazověcko vojvodstvo]] <br/>[[Podlasko vojvodstvo]] | languages = [[Poljsky jezyk|Poljsky]] ([[kurpjovsko narěčje]]) | religions = [[katoličska crkov|katolicizm]] | related_groups = [[Poljaki]] ([[Mazovčani]]) | footnotes = |name = Kurpie |native_name = Kurpsie<br>Puszczaki<br>Puszczanie |commons = Kurpie }} '''Kurpi''' ({{Jezyky|pl|Kurpie}}, samonazva {{Lang|pl|Kurpsie/Puszczaki/Puszczanie}}) je etnografična grupa i krajina na sěvernoj [[Poljska|Poljskě]]. Kurpjovsky dialekt imaje [[Ortografija|ortografiju]], stvorjenu jezykoznavcem {{-|Jerzim Rubachom|Ježim Rubahom}}. 1gxz9fbzii01zb2ly16p8nkjgqqkm3c 45616 45615 2026-08-13T06:16:48Z Ilja isv 10 45616 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Začetok|data=August 2026}} {{Kartka narodnost | group = Kurpi | image = [[Fajl:Kurpie Zielone i Białe (mapki).png|thumb|300px|[[Zelene Kurpi]] i [[Běle Kurpi]] na mapě Polsky]] | image_caption = [[Kurpie Zielone]] i [[Kurpie Białe]] na mapie Polski | regions = [[Poljska]] ({{-|Kurpiowszczyzna}}): <br/>[[Mazověcko vojvodstvo]] <br/>[[Podlasko vojvodstvo]] | languages = [[Poljsky jezyk|Poljsky]] ([[kurpjovsko narěčje]]) | religions = [[katoličska crkov|katolicizm]] | related_groups = [[Poljaki]] ([[Mazovčani]]) | footnotes = |name = Kurpie |native_name = {{-|Kurpsie<br>Puszczaki<br>Puszczanie}} |commons = Kurpie }} '''Kurpi''' ({{Jezyky|pl|Kurpie}}, samonazva {{Lang|pl|Kurpsie/Puszczaki/Puszczanie}}) je etnografična grupa i krajina na sěvernoj [[Poljska|Poljskě]]. Kurpjovsky dialekt imaje [[Ortografija|ortografiju]], stvorjenu jezykoznavcem {{-|Jerzim Rubachom|Ježim Rubahom}}. crvpe1q66i32e0shledyu4coxe343ve 45617 45616 2026-08-13T06:17:07Z Ilja isv 10 45617 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Začetok|data=August 2026}} {{Kartka narodnost | group = Kurpi | image = [[Fajl:Kurpie Zielone i Białe (mapki).png|thumb|300px|[[Zelene Kurpi]] i [[Běle Kurpi]] na mapě Poljsky]] | image_caption = [[Kurpie Zielone]] i [[Kurpie Białe]] na mapie Polski | regions = [[Poljska]] ({{-|Kurpiowszczyzna}}): <br/>[[Mazověcko vojvodstvo]] <br/>[[Podlasko vojvodstvo]] | languages = [[Poljsky jezyk|Poljsky]] ([[kurpjovsko narěčje]]) | religions = [[katoličska crkov|katolicizm]] | related_groups = [[Poljaki]] ([[Mazovčani]]) | footnotes = |name = Kurpie |native_name = {{-|Kurpsie<br>Puszczaki<br>Puszczanie}} |commons = Kurpie }} '''Kurpi''' ({{Jezyky|pl|Kurpie}}, samonazva {{Lang|pl|Kurpsie/Puszczaki/Puszczanie}}) je etnografična grupa i krajina na sěvernoj [[Poljska|Poljskě]]. Kurpjovsky dialekt imaje [[Ortografija|ortografiju]], stvorjenu jezykoznavcem {{-|Jerzim Rubachom|Ježim Rubahom}}. kra2isx6r2fbgs0k7aqthfaz9a0v2wz 45618 45617 2026-08-13T06:18:23Z Ilja isv 10 45618 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Začetok|data=August 2026}} {{Kartka narodnost | group = Kurpi | image = [[Fajl:Kurpie Zielone i Białe (mapki).png|thumb|300px|[[Zelene Kurpi]] i [[Běle Kurpi]] na mapě Poljsky]] | image_caption = [[Kurpie Zielone]] i [[Kurpie Białe]] na mapie Polski | regions = [[Poljska]] ({{-|Kurpiowszczyzna}}): <br/>[[Mazověcko vojvodstvo]] <br/>[[Podlasko vojvodstvo]] | languages = [[Poljsky jezyk|Poljsky]] ([[kurpjovsko narěčje]]) | religions = [[katoličska crkov|katolicizm]] | related_groups = [[Poljaki]] ([[Mazovčani]]) | footnotes = |name = Kurpie |native_name = {{-|Kurpsie<br>Puszczaki<br>Puszczanie}} |commons = Kurpie }} '''Kurpi''' ({{Jezyky|pl|Kurpie}}, samonazva {{Lang|pl|Kurpsie/Puszczaki/Puszczanie}}) je etnografična grupa i krajina na sěvernoj [[Poljska|Poljskě]]. Kurpjovsky dialekt imaje [[Ortografija|ortografiju]], stvorjenu jezykoznavcem {{-|Jerzim Rubachom|Jежи Рубахом}}. qqlbe0srdradxwlpbk2snt4hq0zhkje 0 6050 45644 2026-08-13T09:43:43Z AdamWikt 407 Stvorjena nova stranica s tekstom: «'''Rěč pospolita oboh narodov''' ([[Poljsky jezyk|pol.]] ''Rzeczpospolita Obojga Narodów'', [[Litovsky jezyk|lit.]] ''Abiejų Tautų Respublika'', rus. ''Рѣч Посполита'', [[Latinsky jezyk|lat.]] ''Serenissima Respublica Poloniae'') byla država stvorila iz Kraljevstvo poljsky i Veliko knežstvo litovsko. Dnešnje oblasti Rěč pospolity sut čestami [[Poljska|Poljsky]], [[Litva|Litvy]], [[Росија|Rosije]], Бєлорус|Bělorusi...» 45644 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rěč pospolita oboh narodov''' ([[Poljsky jezyk|pol.]] ''Rzeczpospolita Obojga Narodów'', [[Litovsky jezyk|lit.]] ''Abiejų Tautų Respublika'', rus. ''Рѣч Посполита'', [[Latinsky jezyk|lat.]] ''Serenissima Respublica Poloniae'') byla država stvorila iz Kraljevstvo poljsky i Veliko knežstvo litovsko. Dnešnje oblasti Rěč pospolity sut čestami [[Poljska|Poljsky]], [[Litva|Litvy]], [[Росија|Rosije]], [[Бєлорус|Bělorusi]], [[Украјина|Ukrajiny]], [[Latvija|Latvije]], i [[Estonija|Estonije]]. 9cem5tk78vgm74obcsoxc50d73m90rp 45656 45644 2026-08-13T10:20:35Z AdamWikt 407 /* */ 45656 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rěč pospolita oboh narodov''' ([[Poljsky jezyk|pol.]]: ''Rzeczpospolita Obojga Narodów'', [[Litovsky jezyk|lit.]]: ''Abiejų Tautų Respublika'', st. rus.: ''Рѣч Посполита'', [[Latinsky jezyk|lat.]]: ''Serenissima Respublica Poloniae'') byla država stvorila iz Kraljevstvo poljsky i Veliko knežstvo litovsko. Dnešnje oblasti Rěč pospolity sut čestami [[Poljska|Poljsky]], [[Litva|Litvy]], [[Росија|Rosije]], [[Бєлорус|Bělorusi]], [[Украјина|Ukrajiny]], [[Latvija|Latvije]], i [[Estonija|Estonije]]. qr3qozok7wtnlklcwi4w6qffktzpi26 45657 45656 2026-08-13T10:34:33Z AdamWikt 407 45657 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rěč pospolita oboh narodov''' ([[Poljsky jezyk|pol.]]: ''Rzeczpospolita Obojga Narodów'', [[Litovsky jezyk|lit.]]: ''Abiejų Tautų Respublika'', st. rus.: ''Рѣч Посполита'', [[Latinsky jezyk|lat.]]: ''Serenissima Respublica Poloniae'') byla država stvorila iz Kraljevstvo poljsky i Veliko knežstvo litovsko. Dnešnje oblasti Rěč pospolity sut čestami [[Poljska|Poljsky]], [[Litva|Litvy]], [[Росија|Rosije]], [[Бєлорус|Bělorusi]], [[Украјина|Ukrajiny]], [[Latvija|Latvije]], i [[Estonija|Estonije]].[[File:Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth 1635.svg | thumb | right | Mapa Rěč pospolity v 1635 godom ]][[File:Coat of arms of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.svg | thumb | right | Gerb Rěč Pospolity]] 6extb45zydwpiyu6zofsryhjbo408dp 45658 45657 2026-08-13T10:37:42Z IJzeren Jan 9 kat. 45658 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rěč pospolita oboh narodov''' ([[Poljsky jezyk|pol.]]: ''Rzeczpospolita Obojga Narodów'', [[Litovsky jezyk|lit.]]: ''Abiejų Tautų Respublika'', st. rus.: ''Рѣч Посполита'', [[Latinsky jezyk|lat.]]: ''Serenissima Respublica Poloniae'') byla država stvorila iz Kraljevstvo poljsky i Veliko knežstvo litovsko. Dnešnje oblasti Rěč pospolity sut čestami [[Poljska|Poljsky]], [[Litva|Litvy]], [[Росија|Rosije]], [[Бєлорус|Bělorusi]], [[Украјина|Ukrajiny]], [[Latvija|Latvije]], i [[Estonija|Estonije]].[[File:Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth 1635.svg | thumb | right | Mapa Rěč pospolity v 1635 godom ]][[File:Coat of arms of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.svg | thumb | right | Gerb Rěč Pospolity]] [[Kategorija:Historične državy]] aiem28m48jntm7yf0x65rb38sr3klhr 10 6051 45645 2026-08-13T09:47:25Z Ilja isv 10 Stvorjena nova stranica s tekstom: «<includeonly><!-- ### Debug facility: ### -->{{#if:{{{debug|}}}|DEBUG: 1="{{{1|}}}", 2="{{{2|}}}", (name="{{{name|}}}"), (group="{{{group|}}})", direction="{{{direction|}}}", pages="{{{pages|}}}", page="{{{page|}}}", location="{{{location|}}}", quote-pages="{{{quote-pages|}}}", quote-page="{{{quote-page|}}}", quote-location="{{{quote-location|}}}", quote="{{{quote|}}}", language="{{{language|}}}", translation="{{{translation|}}}", quote-cite="{{{quote...» 45645 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly><!-- ### Debug facility: ### -->{{#if:{{{debug|}}}|DEBUG: 1="{{{1|}}}", 2="{{{2|}}}", (name="{{{name|}}}"), (group="{{{group|}}})", direction="{{{direction|}}}", pages="{{{pages|}}}", page="{{{page|}}}", location="{{{location|}}}", quote-pages="{{{quote-pages|}}}", quote-page="{{{quote-page|}}}", quote-location="{{{quote-location|}}}", quote="{{{quote|}}}", language="{{{language|}}}", translation="{{{translation|}}}", quote-cite="{{{quote-cite|}}}", reference="{{{reference|}}}", annotation="{{{annotation|}}}", leadin="{{{leadin|}}}", postscript="{{{postscript|}}}", section="{{{section|}}}", needed-reason="{{{needed-reason|}}}", needed-date="{{{needed-date|}}}", wrap="{{{wrap|}}}", no-pp="{{{no-pp|}}}", style="{{{style|}}}", content-id="{{{content-id|}}}", link-id="{{{link-id|}}}", debug="{{{debug|}}}". 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needed|date={{{needed-date|}}}|reason={{#switch:{{{needed-reason|}}}|yes|y=No reason given|{{{needed-reason|}}}}}}}}}<!-- ### Line wrapping functionality: ### -->{{#switch:{{{wrap|}}}|yes|y|forced|f=&#8203;}}<!-- ### End of code ### --></includeonly><noinclude> {{Dokumentacija}} </noinclude> ac8thf3gtihdx67aja6h1trd46cf8vy 10 6052 45647 2026-08-13T09:48:07Z Ilja isv 10 Stvorjena nova stranica s tekstom: «<!-- Only for internal use: |wrap=n[o]/y[es]/f[orced] |leadin=value |prefix=value |pp=value |where=value |sup-where=value |quote-where=value |quote=value |language=value |translation=value |suffix=value -->{{#if:{{{where|}}}|<sup class="reference {{#switch:{{{wrap|}}}|f|forced=|no}}wrap">{{#if:{{{quote|}}}|{{{prefix|}}}}}<span title="<!--{{#invoke:String|replace|source={{#invoke:String|replace|source={{#invoke:String|replace|source=-->{{#invoke:DecodeE...» 45647 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- Only for internal use: |wrap=n[o]/y[es]/f[orced] |leadin=value |prefix=value |pp=value |where=value |sup-where=value |quote-where=value |quote=value |language=value |translation=value |suffix=value -->{{#if:{{{where|}}}|<sup class="reference {{#switch:{{{wrap|}}}|f|forced=|no}}wrap">{{#if:{{{quote|}}}|{{{prefix|}}}}}<span title="<!--{{#invoke:String|replace|source={{#invoke:String|replace|source={{#invoke:String|replace|source=-->{{#invoke:DecodeEncode|encode|s={{#invoke:Plain text|main|1={{{leadin|}}}: {{#if:{{{quote-where|}}}|{{{quote-where|}}}|{{{where|}}}}}|encode=false}}|charset=<>"}}<!--|"|&quot;}}|<|&lt;}}|>|&gt;}}-->{{#if:{{{quote|}}}|&#10;Quotation<!--{{#invoke:String|replace|source={{#invoke:String|replace|source={{#invoke:String|replace|source=-->{{#invoke:DecodeEncode|encode|s={{#invoke:Plain text|main|1={{#if:{{{language|}}}|&#32;({{#ifeq:{{lang|fn=is_ietf_tag|{{{language|}}}}}|true|{{lang|fn=name_from_tag|{{{language|}}}}}|{{{language|}}}}})}}&#58; &quot;{{trim quotes|s={{{quote|}}}}}&quot;{{#if:{{{translation|}}}|&#10;Translation: &quot;{{trim quotes|s={{{translation}}}}}&quot;}}|encode=false}}|charset=<>"}}<!--|"|&quot;}}|<|&lt;}}|>|&gt;}}-->" class="tooltip tooltip-dashed" style="border-bottom: 1px dashed;}}">{{#if:{{{quote|}}}||{{{prefix|}}}}}<!--DEBUG: Take care of :;*# as first character here. This also breaks plainlinks/stripmarkers/catlinks testcases {{#invoke:String|replace|source=-->{{{pp|}}}{{{sup-where|}}}<!--| |&thinsp;}}-->{{#if:{{{quote|}}}||{{{suffix|}}}}}</span>{{#if:{{{quote|}}}|{{{suffix|}}}}}</sup>}}<noinclude> {{Dokumentacija}} </noinclude> lr3ultql8s6bdwg94z9r10deuljsudd 828 6053 45648 2026-08-13T09:49:32Z Ilja isv 10 Stvorjena nova stranica s tekstom: «require('strict') local p = {} local function _getBoolean( boolean_str ) -- from: module:String; adapted -- requires an explicit true local boolean_value if type( boolean_str ) == 'string' then boolean_str = boolean_str:lower() if boolean_str == 'true' or boolean_str == 'yes' or boolean_str == '1' then boolean_value = true else boolean_value = false end elseif type( boolean_str ) == 'boolean' then boolean_value = boolean_str els...» 45648 Scribunto text/plain require('strict') local p = {} local function _getBoolean( boolean_str ) -- from: module:String; adapted -- requires an explicit true local boolean_value if type( boolean_str ) == 'string' then boolean_str = boolean_str:lower() if boolean_str == 'true' or boolean_str == 'yes' or boolean_str == '1' then boolean_value = true else boolean_value = false end elseif type( boolean_str ) == 'boolean' then boolean_value = boolean_str else boolean_value = false end return boolean_value end function p.decode( frame ) local s = frame.args['s'] or '' local subset_only = _getBoolean(frame.args['subset_only'] or false) return p._decode( s, subset_only ) end function p._decode( s, subset_only ) -- U+2009 THIN SPACE: workaround for bug: HTML entity &thinsp; is decoded incorrect. Entity &ThinSpace; gets decoded properly s = mw.ustring.gsub( s, '&thinsp;', '&ThinSpace;' ) -- U+03B5 ε GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON: workaround for bug (phab:T328840): HTML entity &epsilon; is decoded incorrect for gsub(). Entity &epsi; gets decoded properly s = mw.ustring.gsub( s, '&epsilon;', '&epsi;' ) local ret = mw.text.decode( s, not subset_only ) return ret end function p.encode( frame ) local s = frame.args['s'] or '' local charset = frame.args['charset'] return p._encode( s, charset ) end function p._encode( s, charset ) -- example: charset = '_&©−°\\\"\'\=' -- do escape with backslash not %; local ret if charset and charset ~= '' then ret = mw.text.encode( s, charset ) else -- use default: chartset = '<>&"\' ' (outer quotes = lua required; space = NBSP) ret = mw.text.encode( s ) end return ret end return p i6pnw8l3pyqcqxofzxz6auze5i1q3g8 10 6054 45650 2026-08-13T09:50:40Z Ilja isv 10 Stvorjena nova stranica s tekstom: «<!-- Only for internal use: |plural=pages |singular=page |location=in-source-location |spacing=character -->{{#if:{{{plural|}}}|{{{plural|}}}{{#if:{{{singular|}}}|,{{{spacing|}}}[{{{singular|}}}]}}|{{{singular|}}}}}{{#if:{{{location|}}}|{{#if:{{{plural|}}}{{{singular|}}}|,{{{spacing|}}}}}{{{location|}}}}}<noinclude> {{Dokumentacija}} </noinclude>» 45650 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- Only for internal use: |plural=pages |singular=page |location=in-source-location |spacing=character -->{{#if:{{{plural|}}}|{{{plural|}}}{{#if:{{{singular|}}}|,{{{spacing|}}}[{{{singular|}}}]}}|{{{singular|}}}}}{{#if:{{{location|}}}|{{#if:{{{plural|}}}{{{singular|}}}|,{{{spacing|}}}}}{{{location|}}}}}<noinclude> {{Dokumentacija}} </noinclude> pn71rn9go65sxgewgpzpj1yig9zpyk4 828 6055 45651 2026-08-13T09:56:25Z Ilja isv 10 Stvorjena nova stranica s tekstom: «require ('strict'); local p = {} p.trim = function(frame) return mw.text.trim(frame.args[1] or "") end p.sentence = function (frame) -- {{lc:}} is strip-marker safe, string.lower is not. frame.args[1] = frame:callParserFunction('lc', frame.args[1]) return p.ucfirst(frame) end p.ucfirst = function (frame) local s = frame.args[1]; if not s or '' == s or s:match ('^%s+$') then -- when <s> is nil, empty, or only whitespace return s;...» 45651 Scribunto text/plain require ('strict'); local p = {} p.trim = function(frame) return mw.text.trim(frame.args[1] or "") end p.sentence = function (frame) -- {{lc:}} is strip-marker safe, string.lower is not. frame.args[1] = frame:callParserFunction('lc', frame.args[1]) return p.ucfirst(frame) end p.ucfirst = function (frame) local s = frame.args[1]; if not s or '' == s or s:match ('^%s+$') then -- when <s> is nil, empty, or only whitespace return s; -- abandon because nothing to do end s = mw.text.trim( frame.args[1] or "" ) local s1 = "" local prefix_patterns_t = { -- sequence of prefix patterns '^\127[^\127]*UNIQ%-%-%a+%-%x+%-QINU[^\127]*\127', -- stripmarker '^([%*;:#]+)', -- various list markup '^(\'\'\'*)', -- bold / italic markup '^(%b<>)', -- html-like tags because some templates render these '^(&%a+;)', -- html character entities because some templates render these '^(&#%d+;)', -- html numeric (decimal) entities because some templates render these '^(&#x%x+;)', -- html numeric (hexadecimal) entities because some templates render these '^(%s+)', -- any whitespace characters '^([%(%)%-%+%?%.%%!~!@%$%^&_={}/`,‘’„“”ʻ|\"\'\\]+)', -- miscellaneous punctuation } local prefixes_t = {}; -- list, bold/italic, and html-like markup, & whitespace saved here local function prefix_strip (s) -- local function to strip prefixes from <s> for _, pattern in ipairs (prefix_patterns_t) do -- spin through <prefix_patterns_t> if s:match (pattern) then -- when there is a match local prefix = s:match (pattern); -- get a copy of the matched prefix table.insert (prefixes_t, prefix); -- save it s = s:sub (prefix:len() + 1); -- remove the prefix from <s> return s, true; -- return <s> without prefix and flag; force restart at top of sequence because misc punct removal can break stripmarker end end return s; -- no prefix found; return <s> with nil flag end local prefix_removed; -- flag; boolean true as long as prefix_strip() finds and removes a prefix repeat -- one by one remove list, bold/italic, html-like markup, whitespace, etc from start of <s> s, prefix_removed = prefix_strip (s); until (not prefix_removed); -- until <prefix_removed> is nil s1 = table.concat (prefixes_t); -- recreate the prefix string for later reattachment local first_text = mw.ustring.match (s, '^%[%[[^%]]+%]%]'); -- extract wikilink at start of string if present; TODO: this can be string.match()? local upcased; if first_text then if first_text:match ('^%[%[[^|]+|[^%]]+%]%]') then -- if <first_text> is a piped link upcased = mw.ustring.match (s, '^%[%[[^|]+|%W*(%w)'); -- get first letter character upcased = mw.ustring.upper (upcased); -- upcase first letter character s = mw.ustring.gsub (s, '^(%[%[[^|]+|%W*)%w', '%1' .. upcased); -- replace else -- here when <first_text> is a wikilink but not a piped link upcased = mw.ustring.match (s, '^%[%[%W*%w'); -- get '[[' and first letter upcased = mw.ustring.upper (upcased); -- upcase first letter character s = mw.ustring.gsub (s, '^%[%[%W*%w', upcased); -- replace; no capture needed here end elseif s:match ('^%[%S+%s+[^%]]+%]') then -- if <s> is a ext link of some sort; must have label text upcased = mw.ustring.match (s, '^%[%S+%s+%W*(%w)'); -- get first letter character upcased = mw.ustring.upper (upcased); -- upcase first letter character s = mw.ustring.gsub (s, '^(%[%S+%s+%W*)%w', '%1' .. upcased); -- replace elseif s:match ('^%[%S+%s*%]') then -- if <s> is a ext link without label text; nothing to do return s1 .. s; -- reattach prefix string (if present) and done else -- <s> is not a wikilink or ext link; assume plain text upcased = mw.ustring.match (s, '^%W*%w'); -- get the first letter character upcased = mw.ustring.upper (upcased); -- upcase first letter character s = mw.ustring.gsub (s, '^%W*%w', upcased); -- replace; no capture needed here end return s1 .. s; -- reattach prefix string (if present) and done end p.title = function (frame) -- http://grammar.yourdictionary.com/capitalization/rules-for-capitalization-in-titles.html -- recommended by The U.S. Government Printing Office Style Manual: -- "Capitalize all words in titles of publications and documents, -- except a, an, the, at, by, for, in, of, on, to, up, and, as, but, or, and nor." local alwayslower = {['a'] = 1, ['an'] = 1, ['the'] = 1, ['and'] = 1, ['but'] = 1, ['or'] = 1, ['for'] = 1, ['nor'] = 1, ['on'] = 1, ['in'] = 1, ['at'] = 1, ['to'] = 1, ['from'] = 1, ['by'] = 1, ['of'] = 1, ['up'] = 1 } local res = '' local s = mw.text.trim( frame.args[1] or "" ) local words = mw.text.split( s, " ") for i, s in ipairs(words) do -- {{lc:}} is strip-marker safe, string.lower is not. s = frame:callParserFunction('lc', s) if i == 1 or alwayslower[s] ~= 1 then s = mw.getContentLanguage():ucfirst(s) end words[i] = s end return table.concat(words, " ") end -- findlast finds the last item in a list -- the first unnamed parameter is the list -- the second, optional unnamed parameter is the list separator (default = comma space) -- returns the whole list if separator not found p.findlast = function(frame) local s = mw.text.trim( frame.args[1] or "" ) local sep = frame.args[2] or "" if sep == "" then sep = ", " end local pattern = ".*" .. sep .. "(.*)" local a, b, last = s:find(pattern) if a then return last else return s end end -- stripZeros finds the first number and strips leading zeros (apart from units) -- e.g "0940" -> "940"; "Year: 0023" -> "Year: 23"; "00.12" -> "0.12" p.stripZeros = function(frame) local s = mw.text.trim(frame.args[1] or "") local n = tonumber( string.match( s, "%d+" ) ) or "" s = string.gsub( s, "%d+", n, 1 ) return s end -- nowiki ensures that a string of text is treated by the MediaWiki software as just a string -- it takes an unnamed parameter and trims whitespace, then removes any wikicode p.nowiki = function(frame) local str = mw.text.trim(frame.args[1] or "") return mw.text.nowiki(str) end -- split splits text at boundaries specified by separator -- and returns the chunk for the index idx (starting at 1) -- #invoke:String2 |split |text |separator |index |true/false -- #invoke:String2 |split |txt=text |sep=separator |idx=index |plain=true/false -- if plain is false/no/0 then separator is treated as a Lua pattern - defaults to plain=true p.split = function(frame) local args = frame.args if not(args[1] or args.txt) then args = frame:getParent().args end local txt = args[1] or args.txt or "" if txt == "" then return nil end local sep = (args[2] or args.sep or ""):gsub('"', '') local idx = tonumber(args[3] or args.idx) or 1 local plain = (args[4] or args.plain or "true"):sub(1,1) plain = (plain ~= "f" and plain ~= "n" and plain ~= "0") local splittbl = mw.text.split( txt, sep, plain ) if idx < 0 then idx = #splittbl + idx + 1 end return splittbl[idx] end -- val2percent scans through a string, passed as either the first unnamed parameter or |txt= -- it converts each number it finds into a percentage and returns the resultant string. p.val2percent = function(frame) local args = frame.args if not(args[1] or args.txt) then args = frame:getParent().args end local txt = mw.text.trim(args[1] or args.txt or "") if txt == "" then return nil end local function v2p (x) x = (tonumber(x) or 0) * 100 if x == math.floor(x) then x = math.floor(x) end return x .. "%" end txt = txt:gsub("%d[%d%.]*", v2p) -- store just the string return txt end -- one2a scans through a string, passed as either the first unnamed parameter or |txt= -- it converts each occurrence of 'one ' into either 'a ' or 'an ' and returns the resultant string. p.one2a = function(frame) local args = frame.args if not(args[1] or args.txt) then args = frame:getParent().args end local txt = mw.text.trim(args[1] or args.txt or "") if txt == "" then return nil end txt = txt:gsub(" one ", " a "):gsub("^one", "a"):gsub("One ", "A "):gsub("a ([aeiou])", "an %1"):gsub("A ([aeiou])", "An %1") return txt end -- findpagetext returns the position of a piece of text in a page -- First positional parameter or |text is the search text -- Optional parameter |title is the page title, defaults to current page -- Optional parameter |plain is either true for plain search (default) or false for Lua pattern search -- Optional parameter |nomatch is the return value when no match is found; default is nil p._findpagetext = function(args) -- process parameters local nomatch = args.nomatch or "" if nomatch == "" then nomatch = nil end -- local text = mw.text.trim(args[1] or args.text or "") if text == "" then return nil end -- local title = args.title or "" local titleobj if title == "" then titleobj = mw.title.getCurrentTitle() else titleobj = mw.title.new(title) end -- local plain = args.plain or "" if plain:sub(1, 1) == "f" then plain = false else plain = true end -- get the page content and look for 'text' - return position or nomatch local content = titleobj and titleobj:getContent() return content and mw.ustring.find(content, text, 1, plain) or nomatch end p.findpagetext = function(frame) local args = frame.args local pargs = frame:getParent().args for k, v in pairs(pargs) do args[k] = v end if not (args[1] or args.text) then return nil end -- just the first value return (p._findpagetext(args)) end -- returns the decoded url. Inverse of parser function {{urlencode:val|TYPE}} -- Type is: -- QUERY decodes + to space (default) -- PATH does no extra decoding -- WIKI decodes _ to space p._urldecode = function(url, type) url = url or "" type = (type == "PATH" or type == "WIKI") and type return mw.uri.decode( url, type ) end -- {{#invoke:String2|urldecode|url=url|type=type}} p.urldecode = function(frame) return mw.uri.decode( frame.args.url, frame.args.type ) end -- what follows was merged from [[Module:StringFunc]] -- Argument list helper function, as per [[Module:String]] function p._getParameters( frame_args, arg_list ) local new_args = {}; local index = 1; local value; for i,arg in ipairs( arg_list ) do value = frame_args[arg] if value == nil then value = frame_args[index]; index = index + 1; end new_args[arg] = value; end return new_args; end -- Escape Pattern helper function so that all characters are treated as plain text, as per [[Module:String]] function p._escapePattern( pattern_str ) return mw.ustring.gsub( pattern_str, "([%(%)%.%%%+%-%*%?%[%^%$%]])", "%%%1" ) end -- Helper Function to interpret boolean strings, as per [[Module:String]] function p._getBoolean( boolean_str ) local boolean_value; if type( boolean_str ) == 'string' then boolean_str = boolean_str:lower(); if boolean_str == 'false' or boolean_str == 'no' or boolean_str == '0' or boolean_str == '' then boolean_value = false; else boolean_value = true; end elseif type( boolean_str ) == 'boolean' then boolean_value = boolean_str; else error( 'No boolean value found' ); end return boolean_value end --[[ Strip This function Strips characters from string Usage: {{#invoke:String2|strip|source_string|characters_to_strip|plain_flag}} Parameters source: The string to strip chars: The pattern or list of characters to strip from string, replaced with '' plain: A flag indicating that the chars should be understood as plain text. defaults to true. Leading and trailing whitespace is also automatically stripped from the string. ]] function p.strip( frame ) local new_args = p._getParameters( frame.args, {'source', 'chars', 'plain'} ) local source_str = new_args['source'] or '' local chars = new_args['chars'] or '' or 'characters' source_str = mw.text.trim(source_str) if source_str == '' or chars == '' then return source_str end local l_plain = p._getBoolean( new_args['plain'] or true ) if l_plain then chars = p._escapePattern( chars ) end local result result = mw.ustring.gsub(source_str, "["..chars.."]", '') return result end --[[ Match any Returns the index of the first given pattern to match the input. Patterns must be consecutively numbered. Returns the empty string if nothing matches for use in {{#if:}} Usage: {{#invoke:String2|matchAll|source=123 abc|456|abc}} returns '2'. Parameters: source: the string to search plain: A flag indicating that the patterns should be understood as plain text. defaults to true. 1, 2, 3, ...: the patterns to search for ]] function p.matchAny(frame) local source_str = frame.args['source'] or error('The source parameter is mandatory.') local l_plain = p._getBoolean( frame.args['plain'] or true ) for i = 1, math.huge do local pattern = frame.args[i] if not pattern then return '' end if mw.ustring.find(source_str, pattern, 1, l_plain) then return tostring(i) end end end --[[--------------------------< H Y P H E N _ T O _ D A S H >-------------------------------------------------- Converts a hyphen to a dash under certain conditions. The hyphen must separate like items; unlike items are returned unmodified. These forms are modified: letter - letter (A - B) digit - digit (4-5) digit separator digit - digit separator digit (4.1-4.5 or 4-1-4-5) letterdigit - letterdigit (A1-A5) (an optional separator between letter and digit is supported – a.1-a.5 or a-1-a-5) digitletter - digitletter (5a - 5d) (an optional separator between letter and digit is supported – 5.a-5.d or 5-a-5-d) any other forms are returned unmodified. str may be a comma- or semicolon-separated list ]] function p.hyphen_to_dash( str, spacing ) if (str == nil or str == '') then return str end local accept str = mw.text.decode(str, true ) -- replace html entities with their characters; semicolon mucks up the text.split local out = {} local list = mw.text.split (str, '%s*[,;]%s*') -- split str at comma or semicolon separators if there are any for _, item in ipairs (list) do -- for each item in the list item = mw.text.trim(item) -- trim whitespace item, accept = item:gsub ('^%(%((.+)%)%)$', '%1') if accept == 0 and mw.ustring.match (item, '^%w*[%.%-]?%w+%s*[%-–—]%s*%w*[%.%-]?%w+$') then -- if a hyphenated range or has endash or emdash separators if item:match ('^%a+[%.%-]?%d+%s*%-%s*%a+[%.%-]?%d+$') or -- letterdigit hyphen letterdigit (optional separator between letter and digit) item:match ('^%d+[%.%-]?%a+%s*%-%s*%d+[%.%-]?%a+$') or -- digitletter hyphen digitletter (optional separator between digit and letter) item:match ('^%d+[%.%-]%d+%s*%-%s*%d+[%.%-]%d+$') or -- digit separator digit hyphen digit separator digit item:match ('^%d+%s*%-%s*%d+$') or -- digit hyphen digit item:match ('^%a+%s*%-%s*%a+$') then -- letter hyphen letter item = item:gsub ('(%w*[%.%-]?%w+)%s*%-%s*(%w*[%.%-]?%w+)', '%1–%2') -- replace hyphen, remove extraneous space characters else item = mw.ustring.gsub (item, '%s*[–—]%s*', '–') -- for endash or emdash separated ranges, replace em with en, remove extraneous whitespace end end table.insert (out, item) -- add the (possibly modified) item to the output table end local temp_str = table.concat (out, ',' .. spacing) -- concatenate the output table into a comma separated string temp_str, accept = temp_str:gsub ('^%(%((.+)%)%)$', '%1') -- remove accept-this-as-written markup when it wraps all of concatenated out if accept ~= 0 then temp_str = str:gsub ('^%(%((.+)%)%)$', '%1') -- when global markup removed, return original str; do it this way to suppress boolean second return value end return temp_str end function p.hyphen2dash( frame ) local str = frame.args[1] or '' local spacing = frame.args[2] or ' ' -- space is part of the standard separator for normal spacing (but in conjunction with templates r/rp/ran we may need a narrower spacing return p.hyphen_to_dash(str, spacing) end -- Similar to [[Module:String#endswith]] function p.startswith(frame) return (frame.args[1]:sub(1, frame.args[2]:len()) == frame.args[2]) and 'yes' or '' end -- Implements [[Template:Isnumeric]] function p.isnumeric(frame) local s = frame.args[1] or frame:getParent().args[1] local boolean = (frame.args.boolean or frame:getParent().args.boolean) == 'true' if type(s) == 'string' and mw.getContentLanguage():parseFormattedNumber( s ) then return boolean and 1 or s end return boolean and 0 or '' end -- Checks if a value in a group of numbers is not an interger. -- Allows usage of an |empty= parameter to allow empty values to be skipped. function p.isInteger(frame) local values = frame.args or frame:getParent().args local allow_empty = frame.args.empty or frame:getParent().args.empty for _, value in ipairs(values) do -- Trim spaces value = value and value:gsub("^%s*(.-)%s*$", "%1") if value == "" or value == nil then if not allow_empty then return false -- Empty values are not allowed end else value = tonumber(value) if not (type(value) == "number" and value == math.floor(value)) then return false end end end return true end -- Returns an error found in a string. function p.getError(frame) local text = frame.args[1] or frame:getParent().args[1] local error_message = text:match('(<strong class="error">.-</strong>)') return error_message or nil end return p ph89g30kzy2uwl0t05s6jtpby1w86b8 0 6056 45659 2026-08-13T10:38:19Z IJzeren Jan 9 Prěnapravjenje stranice na [[Rěč Pospolita]] 45659 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Rěč Pospolita]] [[Kategorija:Хисторичне државы]] tqav711rcvmk7nu0lx375rxqjg03djj 0 6057 45667 2026-08-13T11:54:47Z AdamWikt 407 Stvorjena nova stranica s tekstom: «[[Fajl:Cheese platter.jpg|thumb|Različne syry]] [[Fajl:Homemade Cheese Pizza (Uncooked).jpg|thumb|[[Pizza|Pica]] iz syru]] '''Syr''' to je iztvor iz [[Mlěko|mlěka]]. Sud različne rody syra, jak napriklad: cheddar, edam, feta, mozarella. Syr možno dodati do mnogy [[Jeda|jed]].» 45667 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fajl:Cheese platter.jpg|thumb|Različne syry]] [[Fajl:Homemade Cheese Pizza (Uncooked).jpg|thumb|[[Pizza|Pica]] iz syru]] '''Syr''' to je iztvor iz [[Mlěko|mlěka]]. Sud različne rody syra, jak napriklad: cheddar, edam, feta, mozarella. Syr možno dodati do mnogy [[Jeda|jed]]. a38lcneio92alj2blpx8zzaq13lckwe