Wiktionary jawiktionary https://ja.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:%E3%83%A1%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%83%9A%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8 MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.4 case-sensitive メディア 特別 トーク 利用者 利用者・トーク Wiktionary Wiktionary・トーク ファイル ファイル・トーク MediaWiki MediaWiki・トーク テンプレート テンプレート・トーク ヘルプ ヘルプ・トーク カテゴリ カテゴリ・トーク 付録 付録・トーク TimedText TimedText talk モジュール モジュール・トーク Event Event talk 0 1030 2278206 2064385 2026-06-01T16:32:12Z Jiba1219 100610 2278206 wikitext text/x-wiki {{wikipedia}} [[ファイル:Japanese_Hiragana_kyokashotai_KO.svg|thumb|150px|こ 教科書体]] [[ファイル:Japanese_Hiragana_KO.png|thumb|書き順]] =={{L|ja}}== [[category:{{ja}}]] [[Category:かな]] *[[平仮名]]。 *五十音図: [[か行]] [[お段]] *いろは順: 10番目 *字源: [[己]]の草体より。 *[[かたかな]]　[[コ]]。 ==={{noun}}:子=== [[category:{{ja}}_{{noun}}]] {{ja-noun|子}} # {{context|family|lang=ja}} [[こども]]。[[直系]]の[[血縁]]で、[[自分]]の一つ{{ふりがな|後|あと}}の人。 ===={{hypo}}==== * [[むすこ]] * [[むすめ]] ===={{ant}}==== * [[おや]] ===={{proverb}}==== {{top}} *[[赤子の手を捻る]] *[[老いては子に従え]] *[[負うた子に教えられて浅瀬を渡る]] *[[親の心子知らず]] *[[親はなくとも子は育つ]] *[[蛙の子は蛙]] *[[かわいい子には旅をさせよ]] {{mid}} *[[泣く子は育つ]] *[[憎まれっ子世にはばかる]] *[[猫の子を貰うよう]] *[[寝る子は育つ]] *[[三つ子の魂百まで]] *[[元も子もない]] {{bottom}} ==={{noun}}:粉=== [[category:{{ja}}_{{noun}}]] {{ja-noun|粉}} #[[こな]]。 #*小麦粉。片栗粉。粉ふきいも。 #*身を粉にして働く ==={{noun}}:鉤=== {{ja-noun|鉤}} #巻き上げた[[みす|御簾]]を掛けておくための、鉤形の[[金具]]。 ===={{etym}}==== 「鉤（こう）」の音変化。 ==={{verb}}=== {{head|ja|動詞 活用形}}【[[来]]】 # 「[[くる]]」の[[未然形]]。 ==={{prefix}}=== [[category:{{ja}}_{{prefix}}|こ]] #[[近称]]の指示詞を構成する。 #*[[これ]]、[[この]]、[[ここ]]、[[こちら]] #【'''[[子]]'''】「[[おさない|幼い]]」や[[こども|子供]]」の意を添える。 #*[[子牛]]、[[子羊]] #【'''[[小]]'''】「[[ちいさい|小さい]]」「[[せまい|狭い]]」の意を添える。 #*[[こなみ|小波]]、[[こや|小屋]]、[[こぐち|小口]] #【'''小'''】[[くらい|位]]や[[能力]]が[[した|下]]であることを表す。 #*[[こもの|小物]] #【'''小'''】[[程度]]が[[かるい|軽い]]ことを表す。 #*[[こうるさい]]、[[こむずかしい]]、[[こはずかしい]] #【'''小'''】連語の体言部分について、程度が軽いことを表す。 #*小腹がすく（=腹が少しすく） #*小首をかしげる（=首を少し傾ける） #*小耳にはさむ（=うわさ話などを少し聞く） #【'''小'''】[[やや]][[すくない]]ことを表す。 #*小一時間 ;{{syn}} *（小）[[お#接頭辞|お]]、[[さ]] ;{{ant}} *（小）[[おお]] ==={{suffix}}=== [[category:{{ja}}_{{suffix}}|こ]] # [[っこ]]が [[ん]] に後続するときの形。 #* ごっつん'''こ''' #* どろん'''こ''' #* にゃん'''こ''' # [[女性]]や女性風の[[あだな]]を作る。 #* さし'''こ''' #* マツ'''コ''' ===造語成分=== # [[さかな]]や[[なまこ]]を指す。 #*[[いりこ]]。[[このしろ]] #*[[なまこ]]。[[ほしこ]]。[[このこ]]。[[このわた]] ===漢字=== [[Wiktionary:漢字索引 音訓 こ]]参照 =={{L|ojp}}== [[category:{{ojp}}]] ==={{pronoun}}=== [[category:{{ojp}}_{{pronoun}}]] '''こ'''【'''[[此]]'''・'''[[是]]'''】 #（[[近称]]の指示代名詞）[[これ]]。 #（第1人称代名詞）[[わたし]]。 ===={{etym}}==== {{ふりがな|己|おのれ}}の{{ふりがな|許|もと}}に在る物を「これ」と指し示す上古の近称代名詞であった「乙類'''コ'''（此・己・許）」から出来た。 ===={{rel}}==== {{こそあど}} ==={{verb}}=== {{head|ojp|動詞 活用形}}【[[来]]】 # 「[[く]]」の[[未然形]]・[[命令形]]。 ==={{noun}}=== {{head|ojp|noun|cat2=上代語}}【[[海鼠]]】 #（上代語）[[なまこ]]の別称。 ==文字コード== {{unicode_code|16進 = 3053}} 4lhuxyl12jsido36wmbdqviabus7w5a 2278376 2278206 2026-06-02T08:48:18Z M-30722 1202 2278376 wikitext text/x-wiki {{wikipedia}} [[ファイル:Japanese_Hiragana_kyokashotai_KO.svg|thumb|150px|こ 教科書体]] [[ファイル:Japanese_Hiragana_KO.png|thumb|書き順]] ==かな文字== [[Category:かな]] *[[平仮名]]。 *五十音図: [[か行]] [[お段]] *いろは順: 10番目 *字源: [[己]]の草体より。 *[[かたかな]]　[[コ]]。 =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}:子=== {{ja-noun|子}} # {{context|family|lang=ja}} [[こども]]。[[直系]]の[[血縁]]で、[[自分]]の一つ{{ふりがな|後|あと}}の人。 ===={{hypo}}==== * [[むすこ]] * [[むすめ]] ===={{ant}}==== * [[おや]] ===={{proverb}}==== {{top}} *[[赤子の手を捻る]] *[[老いては子に従え]] *[[負うた子に教えられて浅瀬を渡る]] *[[親の心子知らず]] *[[親はなくとも子は育つ]] *[[蛙の子は蛙]] *[[かわいい子には旅をさせよ]] *[[泣く子は育つ]] *[[憎まれっ子世にはばかる]] *[[猫の子を貰うよう]] *[[寝る子は育つ]] *[[三つ子の魂百まで]] *[[元も子もない]] {{bottom}} ==={{noun}}:粉=== {{ja-noun|粉}} #[[こな]]。 #*小麦粉。片栗粉。粉ふきいも。 #*身を粉にして働く ==={{noun}}:鉤=== {{ja-noun|鉤}} #巻き上げた[[みす|御簾]]を掛けておくための、鉤形の[[金具]]。 ===={{etym}}==== 「鉤（こう）」の音変化。 ==={{verb}}=== {{ja-verb-form}}【[[来]]】 # 「[[くる]]」の[[未然形]]。 ==={{prefix}}=== {{ja-prefix}} #[[近称]]の指示詞を構成する。 #*[[これ]]、[[この]]、[[ここ]]、[[こちら]] #【'''[[子]]'''】「[[おさない|幼い]]」や[[こども|子供]]」の意を添える。 #*[[子牛]]、[[子羊]] #【'''[[小]]'''】「[[ちいさい|小さい]]」「[[せまい|狭い]]」の意を添える。 #*[[こなみ|小波]]、[[こや|小屋]]、[[こぐち|小口]] #【'''小'''】[[くらい|位]]や[[能力]]が[[した|下]]であることを表す。 #*[[こもの|小物]] #【'''小'''】[[程度]]が[[かるい|軽い]]ことを表す。 #*[[こうるさい]]、[[こむずかしい]]、[[こはずかしい]] #【'''小'''】連語の体言部分について、程度が軽いことを表す。 #*小腹がすく（=腹が少しすく） #*小首をかしげる（=首を少し傾ける） #*小耳にはさむ（=うわさ話などを少し聞く） #【'''小'''】[[やや]][[すくない]]ことを表す。 #*小一時間 ;{{syn}} *（小）[[お#接頭辞|お]]、[[さ]] ;{{ant}} *（小）[[おお]] ==={{suffix}}=== {{ja-suffix}} # [[っこ]]が [[ん]] に後続するときの形。 #* ごっつん'''こ''' #* どろん'''こ''' #* にゃん'''こ''' # [[女性]]や女性風の[[あだな]]を作る。 #* さし'''こ''' #* マツ'''コ''' ===造語成分=== # [[さかな]]や[[なまこ]]を指す。 #*[[いりこ]]。[[このしろ]] #*[[なまこ]]。[[ほしこ]]。[[このこ]]。[[このわた]] ===漢字=== [[Wiktionary:漢字索引 音訓 こ]]参照 =={{L|ojp}}== ==={{pronoun}}=== {{ojp-pronoun|此|是}} #（[[近称]]の指示代名詞）[[これ]]。 #（第1人称代名詞）[[わたし]]。 ===={{etym}}==== {{ふりがな|己|おのれ}}の{{ふりがな|許|もと}}に在る物を「これ」と指し示す上古の近称代名詞であった「乙類'''コ'''（此・己・許）」から出来た。 ===={{rel}}==== {{こそあど}} ==={{verb}}=== {{head|ojp|動詞 活用形}}【[[来]]】 # 「[[く]]」の[[未然形]]・[[命令形]]。 ==={{noun}}=== {{ojp-noun|海鼠}} #{{タグ|ojp|上代語|棘皮動物}}[[なまこ]]の別称。 =={{コード}}== {{文字コード}} 9ece9lkcwhus06vzmb8ubb5au35qknk 0 1052 2278205 2206134 2026-06-01T16:28:24Z Jiba1219 100610 2278205 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|めいし}} {{wikipedia}} =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanjitab|めい|し|yomi=o}} ==={{pron}}=== {{ja-pron|めいし|acc=h|acc_ref=DJR,NHK,SMK5}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[めいし]]}}（稀:なことば） #{{context|part of speech|lang=ja}}[[品詞]]の一つで、[[事物]]の[[なまえ|名前]]を表す。旧称は「なことば」。他の[[品詞]]を[[付属]]することなく、[[独立]]した[[意味]]を有し、文において[[主語]]として[[機能]]することができる語。 #*日本語では、さらに[[普通名詞]]・[[固有名詞]]・[[数詞]]などに分けることが多い。しかし、日本語の文法上において、これらを分ける必然性は薄い。[[代名詞]]を名詞に含める説もある。[[体言]]の一種。 ===={{hypo}}==== * [[形式名詞]] * [[固有名詞]] * [[数詞]] * [[代名詞]] * [[動名詞]] * [[普通名詞]] ===={{trans}}==== {{trans-top}} *{{T|is}}: [[nafnorð]] *{{T|ar}}: [[اسم]] ''{{n}}'' *{{T|hy}}: [[գոյական]] *{{T|it}}: [[nome sostantivo]] ''{{m}}'', [[sostantivo]] ''{{m}}'' *{{T|ia}}: [[substantivo]] *{{T|id}}: [[kata benda]], [[nomina]] *{{T|en}}: [[noun]], [[noun substantive]], [[substantive]] *{{T|et}}: [[nimisõna]] *{{T|eo}}: [[substantivo]] *{{T|nl}}: [[zelfstandig naamwoord]] ''{{n}}'' *{{T|ca}}: [[substantiu]] ''{{m}}'' *{{T|el}}: [[ουσιαστικό]] (ousiastiko) *{{T|sv}}: [[substantiv]] *{{T|es}}: [[substantivo]] ''{{m}}'', [[sustantivo]] ''{{m}}'', [[nombre substantivo]] ''{{m}}'', [[nombre sustantivo]] ''{{m}}'' *{{T|sk}}: [[podstatné meno]] ''{{n}}'' *{{T|cs}}: [[podstatné jméno]] ''{{n}}'' *{{T|da}}: [[hovedord]], [[substantiv]] ''{{n}}'' *{{T|de}}: [[Dingwort]] ''{{n}}'', [[Hauptnennwort]] ''{{n}}'', [[Hauptwort]] ''{{n}}'', [[Substantiv]]([[Substantivum|um]]) ''{{n}}'' *{{T|tr}}: [[isim]] *{{T|no}}: *:{{T|nb}}: [[substantiv]] ''{{n}}'' *{{T|hu}}: {{t|hu|főnév}} *{{T|fi}}: [[substantiivi]], [[nomini]] *{{T|fr}}: [[substantif]] ''{{m}}'', [[nom substantif]] ''{{m}}'' *{{T|fy}}: [[haadwurd]] ''{{n}}'' *{{T|bg}}: [[съществително име]] ''{{n}}'' *{{T|he}}: [[שם עצם]] *{{T|pl}}: {{t|pl|rzeczownik|m}} *{{T|pt}}: [[substantivo]] ''{{m}}'' *{{T|la}}: [[nomen substantivum]] *{{T|lv}}: {{t|lv|lietvārds|m}} *{{T|lt}}: {{t|lt|daiktãvardis|m}} *{{T|ro}}: [[substantiv]] ''{{n}}'' *{{T|ru}}: [[имя существительное]] ''{{n}}'' *{{T|ra}}: [[nomine]] ''{{m}}'', [[substantivo]] ''{{m}}'' {{trans-bottom}} ===脚注=== {{Reflist}} =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|ming2ci2|noun|品詞}} {{yue-cat|ming4chi4|noun|品詞}} {{nan-cat|beng5su5|noun|品詞}} {{nan-tws-cat|meng5se5|noun|品詞}} {{hak-cat|miang2chhii2|noun|品詞}} ==={{pron}}=== {{cmn-pron|míngcí}} {{yue-pron|ming4 ci4|a=LL-Q9186 (yue)-Justinrleung-名詞.wav}} {{nan-pron|qz:bêng-sîr/tw:miâ-sû/twv,xm,zz:bêng-sû|t=mêng5 se5}} {{hak-pron|miàng-chhṳ̀|h=miang cii}} ==={{noun}}=== {{zhchars|s=名词}} #（日本語に同じ）名詞。 =={{L|ko}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ko-head|noun|명사|cat2=品詞}} #（日本語に同じ）名詞。 =={{L|vi}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{vi-head|noun|danh|từ|cat2=品詞}} #（日本語に同じ）名詞。 [[Category:名詞|*]] je4umobd5zczdfcljfhy49x7sh0q1m0 0 1868 2278548 1849134 2026-06-02T11:38:57Z Kuroco2k 84207 2278548 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|sobòta}} =={{L|hsb}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|sla-pro|hsb}} {{m|sla-pro|*sǫbota}}, {{m|sla-pro|*sobota}} < {{etyl|he|hsb}} {{m|he|שַׁבָּת}} (šabbāṯ) ==={{noun}}=== {{head|hsb|noun|g=f}} #{{context|曜日|lang=hsb}}[[土曜日]]。 {{hsb-decl-noun|sobota|soboće|soboty|soboty|sobotow|sobotow|soboće|sobotomaj|sobotam|sobotu|soboće|soboty|sobotu|sobotomaj|sobotami|soboće|sobotomaj|sobotach}} ===={{seealso}}==== {{曜日名/hsb}} ---- =={{L|sk}}== {{wikipedia|lang=sk}} ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|sla-pro|sk}} {{m|sla-pro|*sǫbota}}, {{m|sla-pro|*sobota}} < {{etyl|he|sk}} {{m|he|שַׁבָּת}} (šabbāṯ) ==={{pron}}=== * {{IPA|lang=sk|ˈsɔbɔta}} ==={{noun}}=== {{head|sk|noun|g=f}} （語幹: '''sobot'''; 複数…主格： {{l|sk|soboty}}, 生格： [[sobôt]]） #[[安息日]]。 #{{context|曜日|lang=sk}}[[土曜日]]。 {{sk-decl-noun|sobota|soboty|sobote|sobotu|sobote|sobotou|soboty|sobôt|sobotám|soboty|sobotách|sobotami}} ===={{drv}}==== * {{l|sk|sobotný}}, {{l|sk|sobotňajší}} * {{l|sk|sobotienka}} ====参照==== {{曜日名/sk}} ---- =={{L|sl}}== {{wikipedia|lang=sl}} ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|sla-pro|sl}} {{m|sla-pro|*sǫbota}}, {{m|sla-pro|*sobota}} < {{etyl|he|sl}} {{m|he|שַׁבָּת}} (šabbāṯ) ==={{pron}}=== * {{sl-IPA|sobọ́ta}} ==={{noun}}=== {{head|sl|noun|head=sobọ́ta|g=f}} #{{context|曜日|lang=sl}}[[土曜日]]。 {{sl-decl-noun-f|sobót}} ====参照==== {{曜日名/sl}} ---- =={{L|cs}}== {{wikipedia|lang=cs}} ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|sla-pro|cs}} {{m|sla-pro|*sǫbota}}, {{m|sla-pro|*sobota}} < {{etyl|he|cs}} {{m|he|שַׁבָּת}} (šabbāṯ) ==={{pron}}=== * {{cs-IPA}} * {{rhymes|ota}} * {{hyphenation|so|bo|ta}} ==={{noun}}=== {{cs-noun|g=f}} #{{context|曜日|lang=cs}}[[土曜日]]。 ===={{decl}}==== {{cs-ndecl|<f>}} ===={{hyper}}==== * {{l|cs|den}} ===={{hypo}}==== * {{l|cs|Bílá sobota}} * {{l|cs|pracovní sobota}} ===={{drv}}==== * {{l|cs|sobotěnka}} * {{l|cs|sobotní}} ====参照==== {{曜日名/cs}} ---- =={{L|dsb}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|sla-pro|dsb}} {{m|sla-pro|*sǫbota}}, {{m|sla-pro|*sobota}} < {{etyl|he|dsb}} {{m|he|שַׁבָּת}} (šabbāṯ) ==={{pron}}=== * {{IPA|ˈsɔbɛta}} ==={{noun}}=== {{dsb-noun|f}} #{{context|曜日|lang=dsb}}[[土曜日]]。 {{dsb-decl-noun-2|sobo|t}} {{曜日名/dsb}} ---- =={{L|pl}}== {{wikipedia|lang=pl}} ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|sla-pro|pl}} {{m|sla-pro|*sǫbota}}, {{m|sla-pro|*sobota}} < {{etyl|he|pl}} {{m|he|שַׁבָּת}} (šabbāṯ) ==={{pron}}=== * {{IPA|lang=pl|sɔˈbɔta}} *音声: [[File:Pl-sobota.ogg]] ==={{noun}}=== {{pl-noun|f}} （複数生格： [[sobót]]） #{{context|曜日|lang=pl}}[[土曜日]]。 #* {{lang|pl|''{{l|pl|w|W}} '''sobotę''' [[mieć|mamy]] [[mecz]].''}} #** [[わたしたち|私たち]]は'''土曜日'''に[[しあい|試合]]が[[ある]]。 #* （曜日の用法 → [[poniedziałek]]） ====格変化==== {{pl-decl-noun-f+}} ===={{drv}}==== 名詞： * {{l|pl|sobótka|g=f}}, {{l|pl|sobótki}} ====参照==== * [[tydzień]] {{曜日名/pl}} ogw1otsur2mhmwt69p9dzi0czlx6yig 0 1979 2278486 1776723 2026-06-02T11:01:12Z Kuroco2k 84207 2278486 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|Listopad|листопад}} =={{L|zlw-opl}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|sla-pro|zlw-opl}} {{m|sla-pro|*listopadъ}} ==={{noun}}=== {{zlw-opl-noun|m}} #{{context|month|lang=zlw-opl}}[[十一月]]。 #{{context|month|lang=zlw-opl}}[[十月]]。 ---- =={{L|sh}}== ==={{etym}}=== *{{etyl|sla-pro|sh}} {{m|sla-pro|*listopadъ}} *{{affix|sh|lȋst|-o-|pȃd}} ==={{pron}}=== * {{IPA|lang=sh|lîstopaːd}} * {{hyphenation|li|sto|pad}} ==={{noun}}=== {{sh-noun+|g=m|head=lȉstopād}} #{{ふりがな|落葉|ラクヨウ|yomilink=n}}。 #{{context|Croatia|month|lang=sh}}[[十月]]。 {{sh-decl-noun|listopad|listopadi|listopada|listopada|listopadu|listopadima|listopad|listopade|listopade|listopadi|listopadu|listopadima|listopadom|listopadima}} ===={{syn}}==== * (語義2, ボスニア、セルビア) {{l|sh|òktōbar}} ===={{drv}}==== * {{l|sh|lȉstopādskī}} * {{l|sh|lȉstopādnī}} {{月名/sh}} ---- =={{L|cs}}== ==={{etym}}=== *{{etyl|sla-pro|cs}} {{m|sla-pro|*listopadъ}} *{{affix|cs|list|-o-|padat|alt3=pad}} ==={{pron}}=== * {{cs-IPA}} ==={{noun}}=== {{cs-noun|m-in}} #{{context|month|lang=cs}}[[十一月]]。 {{cs-ndecl|<m>}} {{月名/cs}} ---- =={{L|pl}}== ==={{etym}}=== *{{etyl|sla-pro|pl}} {{m|sla-pro|*listopadъ}} *「木の葉([[list]])が落ちる([[padać]])月」。現在では[[list]]は手紙を指し、木の葉は [[liść]]. ==={{pron}}=== {{pl-IPA}} ==={{noun}}=== {{pl-noun|m-in}} #{{context|month|lang=pl}}[[十一月]]。 (月の用法→[[styczeń]]) {{pl-decl-noun-m-in|gens=listopada}} ===={{trans}}==== {{trans-see|十一月}} ===={{drv}}==== * (形容詞) {{l|pl|listopadowy}} ===={{rel}}==== *[[list]] *[[liść]] *[[miesiąc]] *[[padać]] {{月名/pl}} lwwn3ynn1i1jlluzql3nqdhdqj0ybwh 0 7408 2278546 2206311 2026-06-02T11:38:57Z Kuroco2k 84207 2278546 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|Bor|bör|bőr|bór}} =={{is}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|non|is}} {{m|non|borr}} ==={{pron}}=== * {{IPA|pɔːr|lang=is}} ==={{noun}}=== {{is-noun|m}} # [[ドリル]]。[[穿孔機]]。 ===={{decl}}==== {{is-decl-noun-m-s1|b|o|r}} ===={{drv}}==== * {{l|is|borjárn}} * {{l|is|borvél}} ---- =={{sq}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{head|sq|noun|cat2=元素}} # [[硼素]]。 ---- =={{id}}== {{wikipedia|Bor|lang=id}} ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|nl|id}} {{m|nl|boor}} ==={{noun}}=== {{head|id|noun}} # [[ドリル]]。[[穿孔機]]。 ---- =={{en}}== {{wikipedia|Bor|lang=en}} ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|ang|en}} {{m|ang|bur}} の派生語か。 ==={{noun}}=== {{en-noun}} [[Category:{{en}}_方言]] # {{context|ノーフォーク方言|lang=en}} [[少年]]。 ===アナグラム=== * {{l|en|bro}} * {{l|en|orb}} * {{l|en|rob}}, {{l|en|Rob}} ---- =={{ca}}== {{wikipedia|Bor|lang=ca}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ca-noun|m|-}} [[Category:{{ca}}_元素]] # [[硼素]]。 ---- =={{ku}}== {{wikipedia|Bor|lang=ku}} ==={{adjective}}=== {{head|ku|adj}} # {{ふりがな|灰色|はいいろ}}の。 ==={{noun}}=== {{head|ku|noun}} [[Category:{{ku}}_奇蹄類]] # {{ふりがな|馬|うま}}。 ---- =={{sv}}== {{wikipedia|Bor|lang=sv}} ==={{etym}}1=== ===={{pron}}==== * {{IPA|boːr|lang=sv}} (語義1) * {{homophones|bår|lang=sv}} (語義1) * {{IPA|buːr|lang=sv}} (語義2) ===={{noun}}==== {{sv-noun|n}} # {{タグ|sv|元素}}[[硼素]]。 # {{sv-noun-form-indef-pl|bo}} ====={{decl}}===== {{sv-noun-unc-irreg-n|2=boret}} ==={{etym}}2=== ===={{pron}}==== * {{IPA|buːr|}} ===={{verb}}==== {{head|sv|verb form}} # [[bo#{{sv}}|bo]] の現在形。 ---- =={{L|sl}}== {{wikipedia|Bor|lang=sl}} ==={{etym}}1=== {{etyl|sla-pro|sl}} {{m|sla-pro|*borъ}} ===={{pron}}==== * {{IPA|ˈbɔ́r|lang=sl}} ===={{noun}}==== {{sl-noun|head=bòr|g=m|a=in|bôra|bôri}} [[Category:{{sl}}_木]] # {{ふりがな|松|まつ}}。 ===={{decl}}==== {{sl-decl-noun-m|bòr|bôr}} ==={{etym}}2=== {{etyl|NL.|sl}} {{m|NL.|borum}} < {{etyl|ar|sl}} {{m|ar|بورق|بَوْرَق|tr=bawraq}} < {{etyl|fa|sl}} {{m|fa|بوره|tr=būrah}} ===={{pron}}==== * {{IPA|ˈbóːr|lang=sl}} ===={{noun}}==== {{sl-noun|head=bór|g=m|a=in|bóra|-}} #{{context|chemical element|lang=sl}}[[硼素]]。 ===={{decl}}==== {{sl-decl-noun-m|bór|n=sg}} ---- =={{L|sh}}== {{wikipedia|Bor|lang=sh}} ==={{pron}}=== * {{IPA|bôːr|lang=sh}} ==={{etym}}1=== {{etyl|sla-pro|sh}} {{m|sla-pro|*borъ}} ===={{noun}}==== {{sh-noun+|g=m|head=bȏr}} [[Category:{{sh}}_木]] # {{ふりがな|松|まつ}}。 ====={{decl}}===== {{sh-decl-noun|bor|borovi|bora|borova|boru|borovima|bor|borove|bore|borovi|boru|borovima|borom|borovima}} ==={{etym}}2=== {{etyl|NL.|sh}} {{m|NL.|borum}} < {{etyl|ar|sh}} {{m|ar|بورق|بَوْرَق|tr=bawraq}} < {{etyl|fa|sh}} {{m|fa|بوره|tr=būrah}} ===={{noun}}==== {{sh-noun+|g=m|head=bȏr}} #{{context|chemical element|lang=sh}}[[硼素]]。 ====={{decl}}===== {{sh-decl-noun|bor|borovi|bora|borova|boru|borovima|bor|borove|bore|borovi|boru|borovima|borom|borovima}} ---- =={{cs}}== ==={{etym}}1=== {{etyl|sla-pro|cs}} {{m|sla-pro|*borъ}} ===={{pron}}==== * {{cs-IPA}} * {{X-SAMPA1|bor}} * {{rhymes|or}} ===={{noun}}==== {{cs-noun|g=m}} [[Category:{{cs}}_木]] # {{ふりがな|松|まつ}}。 ===={{decl}}==== {{cs-ndecl|<m>}} ====={{drv}}===== * {{l|cs|boroví}} * {{l|cs|borovice}} * {{l|cs|borovička}} * {{l|cs|borovicový}} * {{l|cs|borový}} ==={{etym}}2=== {{etyl|de|cs}} {{m|de|Bor}} {{q|{{m|de|Borax}} の短縮形}} < {{etyl|ML.|cs}} {{m|ML.|borax}} < {{etyl|ar|cs}} {{m|ar|بورق|tr=būraq}} < {{etyl|fa|cs}} {{m|fa|بوره|tr=būrah}} ===={{alter}}==== * {{l|cs|bór}} ===={{pron}}==== * {{cs-IPA|bór}} * {{rhymes|oːr}} ===={{noun}}==== {{cs-noun|g=m}} [[Category:{{cs}}_元素]] # [[硼素]]。 ===={{decl}}==== {{cs-ndecl|<m>}} ====={{drv}}===== * {{l|cs|boran}} * {{l|cs|borid}} * {{l|cs|boritý}} * {{l|cs|borosilikátový}} ===アナグラム=== * {{l|cs|obr}} * {{l|cs|rob}} ---- =={{da}}== {{wikipedia|Bor|lang=da}} ==={{etym}}1=== * {{term|da|borax}} の語幹 ===={{pron}}==== * {{IPA2|boːr|b̥oɐ̯ˀ|lang=da}} ===={{noun}}==== {{da-noun|et|-}} [[Category:{{da}}_元素]] # [[硼素]]。 ==={{etym}}2=== {{etyl|non|da}} {{m|non|borr}} ===={{pron}}==== * {{IPA2|boːr|b̥oɐ̯ˀ|lang=da}} ===={{noun}}==== {{da-noun|et|bor}} # [[ドリル]]。[[穿孔機]]。 # {{ふりがな|錐|きり}}。 ===={{decl}}==== {{da-noun-infl|et|bor|borene|||bors|borenes}} ==={{etym}}3=== {{m|da|bo}} を参照。 ===={{pron}}==== * {{IPA2|boːr|b̥oɐ̯ˀ|lang=da}} ===={{verb}}==== {{head|da|verb form}} # {{活用形|bo||p|lang=da}} ==={{etym}}4=== {{m|da|bore}} を参照。 ===={{pron}}==== * {{IPA2|boːr|b̥oɐ̯ˀ|lang=da}} ===={{verb}}==== {{head|dan|verb form}} # {{活用形|bore||imp|lang=da}} ---- =={{tr}}== {{wikipedia|Bor|lang=tr}} ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|fr|tr}} {{m|fr|bore}} ==={{pron}}=== * {{IPA1|boɾ|lang=tr}} * {{hyphenation|bor|lang=tr}} ==={{noun}}=== {{tr-noun|u|lar}} [[Category:{{tr}}_元素]] # [[硼素]]。 ---- =={{nn}}== ==={{etym}}1=== {{m|nn|boraks}} の短縮形。 ===={{noun}}==== {{head|nn|noun|cat2=元素|g=n|限定単数|[[boret]]}} # {{context|uncountable+|lang=nn}} [[硼素]]。 ====={{drv}}===== * {{l|nn|borsyre}} ==={{etym}}2=== {{etyl|non|nn}} {{m|non|borr}} ===={{noun}}==== {{nn-noun-n1}}<br/>{{nn-noun-m1}} # {{context|countable+|lang=nn}} [[ドリル]]。[[穿孔機]]。 ---- =={{nb}}== ==={{etym}}1=== {{m|nb|boraks}} の短縮形。 ===={{noun}}==== {{nb-noun-nu}} [[Category:{{nb}}_元素]] # [[硼素]]。 ====={{drv}}===== * {{l|nb|borsyre}} ==={{etym}}2=== {{etyl|non|nb}} {{m|nb|borr}} ===={{noun}}==== {{nb-noun-n1}}<br/>{{head|nb|noun|g=m|限定単数|[[boren]]|非限定複数|bor|限定複数|[[borene]]}} # {{context|countable+|lang=nb}} [[ドリル]]。[[穿孔機]]。 ====={{drv}}===== * {{l|nb|håndbor}} ==={{etym}}3=== ===={{verb}}==== {{head|nb|verb form}} # [[bo]] の現在形。 # [[bore]] の命令形。 ---- =={{hu}}== {{wikipedia|Bor (ital)|lang=hu}} ==={{pron}}=== * {{hu-IPA}} * {{audio|hu|Hu-bor.ogg|音声}} ==={{noun}}=== {{hu-noun|ok}} # [[ワイン]]、[[葡萄酒]] # [[果実酒]]、～[[酒]]。 #: 葡萄以外の果物や野菜のジュースを発酵させて作られたアルコール飲料 # {{label|hu|figuratively}} [[酒興]]、ワインが起こす[[酩酊]]、[[酔い]]。 #: {{uxi|hu|A '''bor''' beszél belőle.|(酔って言い過ぎたときの言い訳) それはワインのせいだ。|lit=ワインが喋っている}} ===={{decl}}==== {{hu-infl-nom|boro|o|-}}{{hu-pos-otok|bor||ai}} ===={{drv}}==== {{top3}} * {{l|hu|borász}} * {{l|hu|borászat}} * {{l|hu|boros}} {{bottom}} ===={{comp}}==== {{top4}} * {{l|hu|almabor}} * {{l|hu|borárus}} * {{l|hu|borbetegség}} * {{l|hu|borecet}} * {{l|hu|borértékesítés}} * {{l|hu|borexport}} * {{l|hu|borfajta}} * {{l|hu|borfogyasztás}} * {{l|hu|borhamisítás}} * {{l|hu|borivás}} * {{l|hu|borkedvelő}} * {{l|hu|borkiállítás}} * {{l|hu|borpince}} * {{l|hu|borszakértő}} * {{l|hu|bortudomány}} * {{l|hu|csemegebor}} * {{l|hu|fehérbor}} * {{l|hu|gyümölcsbor}} * {{l|hu|jégbor}} * {{l|hu|rozébor}} * {{l|hu|ürmösbor}} * {{l|hu|vörösbor}} {{bottom}} ===={{idiom}}==== {{top4}} * {{l|hu|asztali bor}} * {{l|hu|borban az igazság}} * {{l|hu|forralt bor}} * {{l|hu|jó bornak nem kell cégér}} {{bottom}} [[Category:{{hu}}_酒]] ---- =={{pl}}== {{wikipedia|Bor|lang=pl}} ==={{pron}}=== * {{pl-IPA}} * {{音声|pl|Pl-bor.ogg|音声}} ==={{noun}}=== {{pl-noun|m-in}} [[Category:{{pl}}_元素]] # [[硼素]]。 ===={{decl}}==== {{pl-decl-noun-sing|bor|boru|borowi|bor|borem|borze|borze}} ---- =={{ro}}== {{wikipedia|Bor|lang=ro}} ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|fr|ro}} {{m|fr|bore}} < {{m|fr|borax}} の語幹 ==={{pron}}=== * {{IPA|bor|lang=ro}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ro-noun|n|-}} [[Category:{{ro}}_元素]] # [[硼素]]。 ---- =={{jbo}}== ===Rafsi=== {{jbo-rafsi}} # [[bo]] の rafsi。 hbl3c1oqvvtrfa3czdeht6phb6l8gus 0 7701 2278383 1916912 2026-06-02T09:15:09Z Daxidawiki 126582 Fix template 2278383 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|かんぺき}} =={{L|ja}}== ===名詞・形容動詞=== {{ja-noun|[[かんぺき]]}} [[Category:日本語_形容動詞]] [[Category:故事成語]] #[[欠点]]が全くないこと。[[完全]]。[[パーフェクト]]。 ===={{conjug}}==== {{日本語ダ活用}} ====由来==== [[w:史記|史記]]廉頗藺相如列伝より *相如曰 王必無人臣願奉璧往使 城入趙而璧留秦 城不入臣請'''完璧'''歸趙 *（訓読文）相如曰はく、「王必ず人無くんば、臣願はくは璧を奉じて往きて使いせん。城趙に入らば璧は秦に留め、城入らずんば、臣請う璧を完うして趙に帰らん」と。 *（日本語訳）(王の下問に答えて)相如が言う、「どうしても人がいないというならば、私が、璧をお預かりして使者に参りましょう。城が趙のものになれば璧を秦において帰りますが、手に入らないのであれば、璧を無事に趙に持って帰ってきましょう」と。 *（解説）中国の戦国時代、趙の恵文王へ、名玉「和氏之璧(かしのへき)」を十五の城と交換しようという大国秦の昭王からの申し出の対応に、恵文王をはじめ主だった家臣らが困惑しているとき、陪臣である[[w:藺相如|藺相如]](りんしょうじょ)が「私が使いに行き、十五の城が手に入らないならば、璧を無事に持って帰ってくる」と言い、事実成功させた[[故事]]に由来。 **「完」は「かけたところがない」を意味。 **「[[璧]]」は、輪形をした平らな玉。 [[Category:由来 史記]] ====訳語==== 形容表現 *{{en}}:[[perfect]], [[complete]], [[infallible]] *{{zh}}:[[完美]]、[[完整]] 名詞表現 *{{en}}:[[perfection]], [[completeness]], [[infallibility]] ---- =={{L|zh}}== [[Category:{{zh}}|wan2bi4]] ==={{pron|zh}}=== *ピンイン: wánbì *注音符号: ㄨㄢˊ　ㄅㄧˋ *{{yue}} **イェール式: yun{{supra|4}}bik{{supra|1}} **粤拼: jyun{{supra|4}}bik{{supra|1}} ==={{noun}}=== [[Category:{{zh}}_{{noun}}|wan2bi4]] [[Category:{{zh}}_{{idiom}}|wan2bi4]] {{zhchars}} #傷がない{{ふりがな|玉|ギョク|yomilink=n}}。 #{{context|dated|lang=zh}}[[処女]]。 #借りた物を無傷で返すこと。 ===={{idiom}}==== *[[完璧歸趙]]/[[完璧归赵]] [[Category:{{yue}}|yun4bik1]] [[Category:{{yue}}_{{noun}}|yun4bik1]] ---- =={{L|ko}}== [[Category:{{ko}}|완벽]] ==={{noun}}=== [[Category:{{ko}}_{{noun}}|완벽]] {{lang|ko|'''[[完#{{ko}}|完]][[璧#{{ko}}|璧]]'''（[[완벽]]）}} #（日本語に同じ）完璧。 [[Category:漢文 出典原文を含む項目]] n15zx6o53a2uixs9ecvxc757h9vb398 0 9533 2278545 1912836 2026-06-02T11:38:56Z Kuroco2k 84207 2278545 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|Zebra|zébra|zebră|zebrā|żebra}} =={{L|it}}== ==={{etym}}=== *{{etyl|pt|it}} {{m|pt|zebra}}, {{m|pt|zebro}} ==={{pron}}=== * {{IPA|ˈdzɛːbra|lang=it}} ==={{noun}}=== {{it-noun|zebr|f|a|e}} # [[シマウマ]]。 # {{lb|it|in the plural|informal}} [[横断歩道]]。 [[Category:{{it}}_ウマ科]] ---- =={{L|en}}== {{Wikipedia|lang=en}} [[File:Equus grevyi (aka).jpg|thumb|250px|A zebra (species of ''Equus'')]] ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|it}} {{m|it|zebra}} < {{etyl|pt}} {{m|pt|zebra}}, {{m|pt|zebro||zebra}} * 1600年ころに初出。 ==={{pron}}=== * {{a|UK|Commonwealth}} {{IPA|ˈzɛbɹə|ˈziːbɹə|lang=en}} * 発音（英） :[[File:en-uk-zebra.ogg]] * {{a|US and trad. English}} {{IPA|ˈziːbɹə|lang=en}} * 発音（米） :[[File:en-us-zebra.ogg]] === {{noun}} === {{en-noun|zebra|p2=zebras}} [[category:{{en}}_ウマ科]] # [[シマウマ]]。 # {{lb|en|sports|slang}} [[審判]]。 # {{lb|en|medicine|slang}} [[奇病]]。 #*医療教育上の格言"When you hear hoof beats, think of horses, not zebras."（蹄の音を聞いたなら、シマウマではなく、まず、馬のことを考えろ。⇒「ありきたり」の症状を見て、いきなり珍しい病気を疑うのではなく、通常の病気を疑え）より。 # {{lb|en|vulgar|pejorative|slang}} 両親が別種の民族である人、特に白人と黒人の親を持つ人。 # {{lb|en|informal}} [[コンビクトシクリッド]]([[zebra chichlid]])。 ===={{hypo}}==== * [[Burchell's zebra]], [[Grevy's zebra]], [[quagga]], [[plains zebra]], [[mountain zebra]] ===={{syn}}==== 語義3 * {{l|en|fascinoma}} ==== {{drv}} ==== *[[zebrawood]] *[[zebraic]] *[[zebralike]] *[[zebrass]] *[[zebrine]] ===={{comp}}==== {{top}} *[[zebra acara]] *[[zebra butterfly]] *[[zebra cake]] *[[zebra caterpillar]] *[[zebra crossing]] *[[zebra finch]] *[[zebra fish]] *[[zebra mongoose]] *[[zebra mussel]] *[[zebra opossum]] *[[zebra parakeet]] *[[zebra plant]] *[[zebra poison]] *[[zebra shark]] *[[zebra spider]] *[[zebra swallowtail]] *[[zebra wolf]] *[[zebrafish]] {{bottom}} ==== {{rel}} ==== *[[hippotigrine]] *[[zebroid]] **[[zeehorse]]、[[zorse]]、[[zebra mule]]、[[zebrule]] **[[zony]] **[[zetland]] **[[zedonk]]、[[zeedonk]]、[[zonkey]]、[[zenkey]]、[[zebronkey]]、[[zebadonk]] **[[zebrass]] **[[zebra hinny]]、[[zebrinny]] ---- =={{L|eo}}== ==={{adjective}}=== {{eo-adj|head=[[zebro|zebr]]/[[-o|o]]|root=zebr}} # [[シマウマ]]の。 ===={{hyper}}==== * {{l|eo|ekveda}} ---- =={{L|nl}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{nl-noun|g=m|zebra's|zebraatje}} [[Category:{{nl}}_ウマ科]] # [[シマウマ]]。 ---- =={{L|ca}}== {{wikipedia|lang=ca}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ca-noun|f}} [[Category:{{ca}}_ウマ科]] # [[シマウマ]]。 ---- =={{L|sv}}== {{wikipedia|Zebror|lang=sv}} ==={{alter}}=== * {{l|sv|sebra}} ==={{noun}}=== {{sv-noun|g=c}} [[Category:{{sv}}_ウマ科]] # [[シマウマ]]。 ===={{decl}}==== {{sv-infl-noun-c-or|zebr}} ---- =={{L|es}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{es-noun|f}} # {{context|obsolete|lang=es}}'''[[cebra]]'''の古い綴り。 ---- =={{L|sl}}== ==={{pron}}=== * {{IPA|lang=sl|ˈzèːbra|ˈzéːbra}} ==={{noun}}=== {{head|sl|noun|head=zébra|g=f}} [[Category:{{sl}}_ウマ科]] # [[シマウマ]]。 ===={{decl}}==== {{sl-decl-noun-f|zébr}} ---- =={{L|ceb}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|en|ceb}} {{m|en|zebra}} < {{etyl|it|ceb}} {{m|it|zebra}} < {{etyl|pt|ceb}} {{m|pt|zebra}}, {{m|pt|zebro}} ==={{noun}}=== {{head|ceb|noun|cat2=ウマ科}} # [[シマウマ]]。 # シマウマ柄。 # {{lb|ceb|informal}} シマウマ柄を有する動物。 ---- =={{L|sh}}== ==={{pron}}=== * {{IPA|zêbra|lang=sh}} ==={{noun}}=== {{sh-noun+|g=f|head=zȅbra}} [[Category:{{sh}} ウマ科]] #[[シマウマ]]。 ===={{decl}}==== {{sh-decl-noun|zebra|zebre|zebre|zebra|zebri|zebrama|zebru|zebre|zebro|zebre|zebri|zebrama|zebrom|zebrama}} ---- =={{L|cs}}== ==={{pron}}=== * {{IPA|zɛbra|lang=cs}} ==={{noun}}=== {{cs-noun|g=f}} [[Category:{{cs}}_ウマ科]] # [[シマウマ]]。 ===={{decl}}==== {{cs-ndecl|<f>}} ---- =={{L|da}}== {{wikipedia|lang=da}} ==={{noun}}=== {{da-noun|en|er}} [[Category:{{da}}_ウマ科]] # [[シマウマ]]。 {{-}} ---- =={{L|tr}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{bor|tr|en|zebra}} < {{etyl|it|tr}} {{m|it|zebra}} < {{etyl|pt|tr}} {{m|pt|zebra}}, {{m|pt|zebro}} ==={{pron}}=== * {{IPA|[ˈzeb.ɾɑ]|lang=tr}} ==={{noun}}=== {{tr-noun|yı|lar}} [[Category:{{tr}}_ウマ科]] # [[シマウマ]]。 ===={{decl}}==== {{tr-noun-v|a}} ---- =={{L|eu}}== ==={{pron}}=== * 発音 :[[File:Eus-zebra.ogg]] ==={{noun}}=== {{eu-noun}} [[Category:{{eu}}_ウマ科]] # [[シマウマ]]。 ---- =={{L|hu}}== [[File:Beautiful_Zebra_in_South_Africa.JPG|thumb|Zebra [1].]] [[File:Raised_crosswalk_1.jpg|thumb|Zebra [2].]] ==={{pron}}=== * {{hu-IPA}} * {{hyphenation|zeb|ra|lang=hu}} ==={{noun}}=== {{hu-noun|pl=zebrák}} # [[シマウマ]]。[[Category:{{hu}}_ウマ科]] # [[横断歩道]]。[[Category:{{hu}}_交通]] #: {{syn|hu|gyalogátkelőhely}} ===={{decl}}==== {{hu-pos-tok|zebrá}} ===={{comp}}==== * {{l|hu|zebrapinty}} ---- =={{L|pl}}== {{wikipedia|lang=pl}} ==={{pron}}=== * {{IPA|lang=pl|ˈzɛbra}} :[[File:Pl-zebra.ogg]] ==={{noun}}=== {{pl-noun|f}} [[Category:{{pl}}_ウマ科]] # [[シマウマ]]。 # {{lb|pl|colloquial}} [[横断歩道]]。 ===={{decl}}==== {{pl-decl-noun-f+}} ===={{syn}}==== 語義2 *[[przejście dla pieszych]], [[pasy]] ---- =={{L|pt}}== {{wikipedia|lang=pt}} [[File:Common zebra 1.jpg|thumb|250px|zebra (''Equus quagga antiquorum'')]] ==={{etym}}=== *古形{{m|pt|zebro}} < {{etyl|roa-opt|pt}} {{m|roa-opt|zebro}}, {{m|roa-opt|ezebro||European wild ass}} < {{etyl|VL.|pt}} {{m|la|*eciferus}} < {{etyl|la|pt}} {{m|la|equiferus||野生馬}} < {{m|la|equus||馬}} + {{m|la|ferus||野生の}} ==={{pron}}=== * {{a|Portugal}} {{IPA|ˈze.βɾɐ|lang=pt}} * {{a|Brazil}} {{IPA|ˈze.bɾa|ˈze.bɾɐ|lang=pt}} ==={{noun}}=== {{pt-noun|f|s}} [[Category:{{pt}}_ウマ科]] # [[シマウマ]]。 ===={{desc}}==== * {{it}}: {{l|it|zebra}} ** {{en}}: {{l|en|zebra}} ---- =={{L|lld}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{lld-noun|f|zebres}} [[Category:{{lld}}_ウマ科]] # [[シマウマ]]。 ---- =={{L|la}}== ==={{pron}}=== * {{la-IPA|zēbra}} ==={{noun}}=== {{la-noun+|zēbra<1>}} [[Category:{{la}} ウマ科]] # {{lb|la|New Latin}} [[シマウマ]]。 {{la-ndecl|zēbra<1>}} ---- =={{L|lv}}== {{wikipedia|lang=lv}} [[File:Zebra 01.jpg|thumb|230px|Zebra]] ==={{pron}}=== * {{IPA|lang=lv|ˈzɛbra}} :[[File:Lv-zebra.ogg]] ==={{noun}}=== {{lv-noun|f|4}} [[Category:{{lv}}_ウマ科]] # [[シマウマ]]。 ===={{decl}}==== {{lv-decl-noun|zebr|a|4th}} kh7mlnfbb0n7k5tyq6vrnzaewacp1wo 0 9997 2278487 1800286 2026-06-02T11:01:13Z Kuroco2k 84207 2278487 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|Asteroid}} =={{L|id}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{bor|id|en|asteroid}} ==={{pron}}=== * {{IPA|lang=id|[asteˈroɪt̚]}} * {{hyphenation|as|té|ro|id}} ==={{noun}}=== {{id-noun|head=astéroid}} #{{context|天体|lang=id}}[[小惑星]]。 ===={{syn}}==== * {{l|id|planetoid}} ---- =={{L|en}}== ==={{pron}}=== *{{AHD|ăs'tə-roid"}} *{{IPA|lang=en|ˈæstəˌroɪd}} *{{X-SAMPA|"{st@%roId}} * {{音声|en|en-us-asteroid.ogg|音声(米)}} ==={{etym}}1=== {{suffix+|aster|oid}} ===={{noun}}==== {{en-noun}} #{{context|天体|lang=en}}[[小惑星]]。 ====={{trans}}===== {{trans-see|小惑星}} ====={{drv}}===== * {{l|en|asteroid belt}} * {{l|en|kuiperoid}} * {{l|en|Apohele asteroid}} * {{l|en|Atira asteroid}} * {{l|en|Vatira asteroid}} ====={{rel}}===== * {{l|en|aster}} * {{l|en|asterisk}} * {{l|en|asterism}} * {{l|en|minor planet}} ===={{seealso}}==== * {{l|en|astroid}} * {{l|en|comet}} * {{l|en|meteor}} * {{l|en|meteorite}} * {{l|en|planetoid}} ==={{etym}}2=== {{bor+|en|grc|ἀστεροειδής}} < {{m|grc|ἀστήρ}} + {{m|grc|εἶδος}} ===={{noun}}==== {{en-noun}} #{{context|echinoderm|lang=en}}{{ふりがな|海星|ひとで}}。 ==={{anag}}=== * {{anagrams|en|a=adeiorst|ideators}} ---- =={{L|et}}== ==={{pron}}=== * {{et-IPA|asteˈroid|asteroid}} ==={{noun}}=== {{et-noun|asteroidi|asteroidi}} #{{context|天体|lang=et}}[[小惑星]]。 {{et-decl-riik|asteroid|asteroid|i}} ---- =={{L|sv}}== ==={{pron}}=== * {{rhymes|iːd|s=4}} ==={{noun}}=== {{sv-noun|c}} #{{context|天体|lang=sv}}[[小惑星]]。 {{sv-infl-noun-c-er}} ---- =={{L|sl}}== ==={{pron}}=== * {{sl-IPA|asteroȋd}} ==={{noun}}=== {{head|sl|noun|head=asteroȋd|g=m-in}} #{{context|天体|lang=sl}}[[小惑星]]。 {{sl-decl-noun-m|asteroȋd}} ---- =={{L|sh}}== ==={{pron}}=== * {{sh-IPA|asteròīd}} ==={{noun}}=== {{sh-noun+|g=m|head=asteròīd}} #{{context|天体|lang=sh}}[[小惑星]]。 {{sh-decl-noun|asteròīd|asteroidi|asteroída|asteroida|asteroidu|asteroidima|asteroid|asteroide|asteroide|asteroidi|asteroidu|asteroidima|asteroidom|asteroidima}} ---- =={{L|cs}}== ==={{pron}}=== * {{cs-IPA}} ==={{noun}}=== {{cs-noun|m}} #{{context|天体|lang=cs}}[[小惑星]]。 {{cs-ndecl|<m>}} ===={{rel}}==== * {{l|cs|astro-}} ===={{seealso}}==== * {{l|cs|planetka}} ---- =={{L|ms}}== ==={{pron}}=== *{{IPA|as.tə.roid|lang=ms}} *{{rhymes|roid|lang=ms}} *{{hyphenation|as|te|roid|lang=ms}} ==={{noun}}=== {{head|ms|noun|ジャウィ文字|[[استروءيد]]}} #{{context|天体|lang=ms}}[[小惑星]]。 ---- =={{L|ro}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{bor|ro|fr|astéroïde}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ro-noun|m|asteroizi}} #{{context|天体|lang=ro}}[[小惑星]]。 {{ro-noun-m|pl=asteroizi}} plfkhmp1wgmj6m82tvr1zjh9juvede2 0 16288 2278547 1685948 2026-06-02T11:38:59Z Kuroco2k 84207 2278547 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|Vir|VIR|vír|Vir.|-vir-|вир}} =={{L|gl}}== ==={{pron}}=== * {{IPA|lang=gl|[ˈbiɾ]}} ==={{etym}}1=== 古ガリシア語及び{{etyl|roa-opt|gl}} {{m|roa-opt|vĩir}} < {{etyl|la|gl}} {{m|la|venīre}} ===={{verb}}==== {{gl-verb|v|ir|pres=veño|pret=vin}} #{{おくりがな2|来|く|る|くる}}。 {{gl-conj (vir)}} ===={{ant}}==== * {{l|gl|ir}} ====={{rel}}===== {{top}} * {{l|gl|advir}} * {{l|gl|avir}} * {{l|gl|convir}} * {{l|gl|contravir}} * {{l|gl|desconvir}} * {{l|gl|desavir}} * {{l|gl|devir}} * {{l|gl|intervir}} * {{l|gl|previr}} * {{l|gl|provir}} * {{l|gl|reconvir}} * {{l|gl|sobrevir}} {{bottom}} ==={{etym}}2=== {{m|gl|ver}} の活用形 ===={{verb}}==== {{gl-verb-form}} #[[ver]]の接続法未来第一人称単数形。 #verの接続法未来第三人称単数形。 ---- =={{L|ku}}== ==={{pronoun}}=== {{head|ku|pronoun}} # [[ここ]]。 ---- =={{L|gmq-osw}}== ==={{alter}}=== * {{l|gmq-osw|vī}} ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|non-oen|gmq-osw}} {{m|non-oen|*wīʀ}} < {{etyl|gem-pro|gmq-osw}} {{m|gem-pro|*wīz}} ==={{pronoun}}=== {{head|gmq-osw|pronoun|head=vīr}} #{{ふりがな|私達|わたしたち}}。 {{gmq-osw-decl-ppron}} ===={{desc}}==== * {{desc|sv|vi}} ---- =={{L|sl}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|sla-pro|sl}} {{m|sla-pro|*virъ}} ==={{pron}}=== * {{sl-IPA|vȋr}} ==={{noun}}=== {{head|sl|noun|head=vȋr|g=m-in}} #[[源泉]]、[[水源]]。 #[[起源]]。 {{sl-decl-noun-m|vír}} ---- =={{L|sh}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|sla-pro|sh}} {{m|sla-pro|*virъ}} ==={{noun}}=== {{sh-noun+|g=m|head=vir}} #{{ふりがな|渦|うず}}。 #{{context|regional|lang=sh}}{{ふりがな|源|みなもと}}。 {{sh-decl-noun|vir|virovi|vira|virova|viru|virovima|vir|virove|viru|virovi|viru|virovima|virom|virovima}} ---- =={{L|cs}}== ==={{alter}}=== * {{m|cs|virus}} ==={{etym}}=== {{bor|cs|en|virus}}, {{bor|cs|fr|virus}}, {{bor|cs|de|Virus}}。全て{{etyl|la|cs}} {{m|la|virus}} 由来。 ==={{pron}}=== * {{cs-IPA}} ==={{noun}}=== {{cs-noun|g=m}} [[Category:{{cs}}_ウイルス|*]] #[[ウイルス]]。 ===={{decl}}==== {{cs-ndecl|<m>}} ===={{drv}}==== * {{l|cs|antivir}} * {{l|cs|virový}} ===={{rel}}==== * {{l|cs|virus}} ---- =={{L|brg}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{head|brg|noun}} [[Category:{{brg}}_風|*]] #{{ふりがな|風|かぜ}}。 ---- =={{L|pt}}== ==={{pron}}=== {{pt-IPA}} * {{a|Brazil, non-standard}} {{IPA|lang=pt|vĩ}} * {{homophones|lang=pt|vi}} * {{hyphenation|vir}} ==={{etym}}1=== {{etyl|roa-opt|pt}} {{m|roa-opt|viir}} < {{m|roa-opt|vĩir}} < {{etyl|la|pt}} {{m|la|venīre}} < {{etyl|itc-pro|pt}} {{m|itc-pro|*gʷenjō}} < {{etyl|ine-pro|pt}} {{m|ine-pro|*gʷm̥yéti}} < {{m|ine-pro|*gʷem-}} のゼロ階梯 + {{m|ine-pro|*-yéti}} ===={{verb}}==== {{pt-verb||vir}} # {{おくりがな2|来|く|る|くる}}、{{おくりがな2|着|つ|く|つく}}、[[到着]]する。 # {{おくりがな2|起|お|こる|おこる}}、[[生じる]]。 #（+ de）[[出身]]である、～[[産]]である。 {{pt-conj||vir}} ====={{rel}}===== *[[advir]] *[[provir]] *[[ventura]] ==={{etym}}2=== {{m|pt|ver}} の活用形 ===={{verb}}==== {{pt-verb-form}} # [[ver]] の接続法未来第一・第三人称単数形 ---- =={{L|la}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|itc-pro|la}} {{m|itc-pro|*wiros}} < {{etyl|ine-pro|la}} {{m|ine-pro|*wiHrós}}。サンスクリット [[वीर]] (vīrá), ラトビア語 [[vīrs]], 古アイルランド語 [[fer]], 英語接頭辞 [[were-]], アイスランド語 [[ver]]と同系。 ==={{pron}}=== * {{la-IPA|vir|eccl=yes}} * {{音声|la|la-cls-vir.ogg|音声(古典ラテン語)}} ==={{noun}}=== {{la-noun+|vir<2>}} # [[男性]]。 # [[成人]]男性。 # 男らしい人, [[英雄]]。 #{{context|family|lang=la}}{{ふりがな|夫|おっと}}。 #{{context|military|lang=la}}[[歩兵]]。 {{la-ndecl|vir<2>}} ===={{syn}}==== *[[mas]] ===={{hyper}}==== *[[homo]] ===={{drv}}==== *[[centumvirate]] *[[decemvirate]] *[[nonumvirate]] *[[octumvirate]] *[[quadrumvirate]] *[[quinquevirate]] *[[septumvirate]] *[[sextumvirate]] *[[triumvirate]] *[[virago]] *[[virilis]] (-> [[virilitas]]) *[[virtue]] ===={{rel}}==== *[[vis]] *[[virilis]] *[[virilitas]] *[[virtus]] *[[triumvir]] *[[quadrumvir]] *[[quinquevir]] *[[centumvir]] ---- =={{L|lb}}== ==={{pron}}=== * {{IPA|lang=lb|/fiːʀ/|[ˈfiː.ɐ]|[fiə̯]}} * {{homophones|lang=lb|fir}} ==={{adverb}}=== {{head|lb|adverb}} #（方向）{{ふりがな|前|まえ}}に。 ===={{drv}}==== * {{l|lb|hannevir}} * {{l|lb|virun}} ===={{rel}}==== * {{l|lb|vir-}} ---- =={{L|jbo}}== ===Rafsi=== {{jbo-rafsi}} #[[vidru]]のrafsi。 pxqodbif99pq1xukgjoaf8bjzafixpr 0 16801 2278371 1462265 2026-06-02T08:48:07Z ふゆくれ 95641 2278371 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|けいちつ}} =={{L|ja}}== {{節気}} {{ja-kanjitab|けい|ちつ|yomi=kanon,kanyo}} {{wikipedia|啓蟄}} ==={{alter}}=== *[[驚蟄]] ==={{pron}}=== {{ja-pron|けいちつ|acc=0|acc_ref=DJR,NHK,SMK5,NKD2}} *{{X-SAMPA|keits\itsM}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[けいちつ]]}} #{{おくりがな3|冬|ふゆ||籠|ごも|り|ふゆごもり}}していた{{ふりがな|虫|むし}}が[[地中]]から{{おくりがな3|這|は|い|出|で|る|はいでる}}こと。また、その虫。[[蟄虫]]。 #{{context|暦|春|lang=ja}}[[二十四節気]]の一つ。啓蟄(1)が起こる季節。二月[[節]]。 ## [[定気法]]では、太陽黄経が345度のときを含む日。3月6日ごろ。 ## [[平気法]]では、[[冬至]]から24分の5年後。3月8日ごろ。 #{{q|暦}} 啓蟄(2)から[[春分]]までの期間。 #{{ふりがな|世|よ}}に{{おくりがな2|認|みと|めら|みとめる}}れること。 ===={{rel}}==== *[[七十二候]] **[[初候]]: [[蟄虫啓戸]]（日本）、[[桃始華]]（中国） **[[次候]]: [[桃始笑]]（日本）、[[倉庚鳴]]（中国） **[[末候]]: [[菜虫化蝶]]（日本）、[[鷹化為鳩]]（中国） {{二十四節気/日本語}} ===脚注=== {{Reflist}} brt7nti4hhp3lbkmpxus9gwj22a7r01 0 16802 2278384 1462266 2026-06-02T09:22:52Z ふゆくれ 95641 2278384 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|しゅんぶん}} =={{L|ja}}== {{節気}} {{ja-kanjitab|しゅん|ぶん|yomi=o}} {{wikipedia}} ==={{pron}}=== {{ja-pron|しゅんぶん|acc=0|acc_ref=SMK7,DJR,NHK,NKD2}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[しゅんぶん]]}} #{{context|天文学|lang=ja}}[[太陽]]が[[春分点]]を通過する瞬間。 #{{context|暦|春|lang=ja}}[[二十四節気]]の一つ。[[はる|春]]の、昼夜の長さがほぼ等しくなるころ。二月[[中]]。 ## [[定気法]]では、太陽黄経が0度のとき、すなわち春分(1)を含む日。3月21日ごろ。 ## [[恒気法]]では、[[冬至]]から4分の1年目。3月23日ごろ。 #{{q|暦}} 春分(2)から[[清明]]までの期間。 ===={{rel}}==== *春分の期間の[[七十二候]]は以下のとおり。 **[[初候]]: [[雀始巣]]（日本）、[[玄鳥至]]（中国） **[[次候]]: [[桜始開]]（日本）、[[雷乃発声]]（中国） **[[末候]]: [[雷乃発声]]（日本）、[[始雷]]（中国） *{{hyper}}: [[二十四節気]]、[[中気]]、[[八節]]、[[二分]] *{{ant}}: [[秋分]] {{二十四節気/日本語}} ===={{trans}}==== {{top}} *{{T|en}}: [[vernal]] [[equinox]] *{{T|eu}}: [[udaberriburu]] *{{T|fr}}: [[équinoxe]] [[vernal]], équinoxe de [[printemps]] {{bottom}} ===脚注=== {{Reflist}} =={{L|zh}}== {{中国の節気}} {{wikipedia|lang=zh}} {{wikipedia|lang=yue}} {{wikipedia|Chhûn-fûn|lang=hak}} {{wikipedia|Chŭng-hŭng|lang=cdo}} {{wikipedia|Chhun-hun|lang=nan}} {{wikipedia|lang=wuu}} ==={{pron}}=== {{cmn-pron|chūnfēn|s=cun1fen1}} {{yue-pron|ceon1 fan1}} {{hak-pron|chhûn-fûn|h=chunˋ funˋ|gd=cun1 fun1}} {{mnp-pron|ché̤ng-hóng}} {{cdo-pron|chŭng-*hŭng}} {{nan-pron|chhun-hun|t=cung1 hung1}} {{cpx-pron|pt:^cong1 hong1/xy:cuong1 huong>nuong1}} {{wuu-pron|sh:1tshen fen}} {{gan-pron|cun1 'fiin1}} {{cjy-pron|cung1 feng1}} {{hsn-pron|qyn1 fen1}} *{{ltc}}: tsyhwin pjun *{{och}}: **'''Baxter–Sagart''': /*tʰun pə[n]/ **'''鄭張''': /*tʰjun pɯn/ ==={{noun}}=== {{zh-cat|chun1fen1|noun|暦}} {{zhx-sic-cat|cun1fen1|noun|暦}} {{yue-cat|cheun1fan1|noun|暦}} {{hak-cat|chhun1fun1|noun|暦}} {{mnp-cat|cheng1hong1|noun|暦}} {{cdo-cat|chung1hung1|noun|暦}} {{nan-cat|chhun1hun1|noun|暦}} {{nan-tws-cat|cung1hung1|noun|暦}} {{cpx-cat|cong1hong1|noun|暦}} {{wuu-cat|tshen1fen1|noun|暦}} {{gan-cat|cun1fiin1|noun|暦}} {{cjy-cat|cung1feng1|noun|暦}} {{hsn-cat|qyn1fen1|noun|暦}} {{ltc-cat|tsyhwin1pjun1|noun|暦}} {{och-cat|thjunpun|noun|暦}} {{zhchars}} #（日本語に同じ）春分。 ==={{desc}}=== {{CJKV||春分|j=しゅんぶん|춘분|xuân phân}} =={{L|ko}}== {{ko-hanjatab}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ko-head|noun|춘분|cat2=暦}} #（日本語に同じ）春分。 =={{L|vi}}== {{vi-hantutab}} ==={{noun}}=== {{vi-head|noun|xuân|phân|cat2=暦}} #（日本語に同じ）春分。 o231nnt82qjx4ifnab4i50qkvzgnaf2 0 16803 2278418 2277245 2026-06-02T09:52:51Z ふゆくれ 95641 /* {{noun}} */ 2278418 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|せいめい}} {{also|淸明}} =={{L|ja}}== {{節気}} {{ja-kanjitab|せい|めい|yomi=o}} {{wikipedia|清明}} ==={{pron}}=== {{ja-pron|せいめい|acc=0|acc_ref=SMK7,DJR,NHK,NKD2}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[せいめい]]|kyu=淸明}} #{{context|暦|春|lang=ja}} ##[[二十四節気]]の一つ。あらゆるものが[[すがすがしい|清々しく]][[あかるい|明るい]]ころ。三月[[節]]。 ### [[定気法]]では、太陽黄経が15度のときを含む日。4月5日ごろ。 ### [[平気法]]では、[[冬至]]から24分の7年後。4月7日ごろ。 ##清明(1)から[[穀雨]]までの期間。 #{{おくりがな2|清|きよ|らか|きよらか}}で{{おくりがな2|明|あか|るい|あかるい}}こと。[[晴明]]。[[霽明]]。 ===={{rel}}==== *[[七十二候]] **[[初候]]: [[玄鳥至]]（日本）、[[桐始華]]（中国） **[[次候]]: [[鴻雁北]]（日本）、[[倉庚鳴]]（中国） **[[末候]]: [[虹始見]]（日本・中国） *{{prov}}: [[清明祭]]、[[清明節]] {{二十四節気/日本語}} ==={{adjectivenoun}}=== {{ja-adjectival noun|せいめい}} {{日本語ダ活用}} ===脚注=== {{Reflist}} =={{L|ryu}}== {{節気}} ==={{pron}}=== ;しーみー ==={{noun}}=== {{ryu-noun|[[しーみー]]}} #（日本語と同じ） {{-}} =={{L|ojp}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ojp-noun|せいめい}} #現代日本語と同じ。 ==={{wago}}=== {{ojp-wagokanji|さやけ}} #{{wagokanji of|さやけ}} =={{L|zh}}== {{中国の節気}} {{wikipedia|lang=zh}} {{wikipedia|lang=yue}} {{wikipedia|Chhîn-mìn|lang=hak}} {{wikipedia|Chĭng-mìng|lang=cdo}} {{wikipedia|Chheng-bêng|lang=nan}} {{wikipedia|lang=wuu}} ==={{alter}}=== *{{l|zh|淸明}} ==={{pron}}1=== {{cmn-pron|qīngmíng|s=qin1min2}} {{yue-pron|cing1 ming4}} {{hak-pron|chhîn-mìn|h=cinˋ min}} {{nan-pron|chheng-bêng|t=cêng1 mêng5}} {{cpx-pron|pt,xy:cing1 ming2}} {{wuu-pron|sh:1chin min6;jx:1chin min2}} *{{ltc}}: tshjeng mjaeng *{{och}}: **'''Baxter–Sagart''': /*tsʰeŋ mraŋ/ **'''鄭張''': /*sʰleŋ mraŋ/ ===={{adj}}==== {{zh-cat|qing1ming2|adj}} {{zhx-sic-cat|qin1min2|adj}} {{yue-cat|ching1ming4|adj}} {{hak-cat|chhin1min2|adj}} {{nan-cat|chheng1beng5|adj}} {{nan-tws-cat|ceng1meng5|adj}} {{cpx-cat|cing1ming2|adj}} {{wuu-cat|chin1ming3|adj}} {{ltc-cat|tshjeng1mjaeng1|adj}} {{och-cat|shlengmrang|adj}} {{zhchars}} # [[きよらか|清らか]]で[[あかるい|明るい]]。 # [[明朗]]な。 # （政治機構などが）[[整然]]とした。 # [[平和]]な。 ====={{comp}}===== *{{zh-l|神志清明}} ==={{pron}}2=== {{cmn-pron|qīngmíng|s=qin1min2}} {{yue-pron|cing1 ming4-2,cing1 ming4}} {{hak-pron|chhiâng-miàng/chhîn-mìn|h=ciangˋ miang|gd=qin1 min2}} {{mnp-pron|chéng-mêng}} {{cdo-pron|chĭng-mìng}} {{nan-pron|xm,tp,sx,km,mg,hc:chhiⁿ-miâ/qz,jj,ph,lk:chhuiⁿ-miâ/zz:chheⁿ-miâ/xm,kh,yl,tn,tc:chheng-bêng|t=cêng1 mêng5}} {{cpx-pron|pt:cia1 mia2/xy:ciann1 mia2}} {{wuu-pron|sh:1chin min6;jx:1chin min2}} {{gan-pron|qin1 min}} {{cjy-pron|qing1 ming1}} {{hsn-pron|cin1 min2}} *{{ltc}}: tshjeng mjaeng *{{och}}: **'''Baxter–Sagart''': /*tsʰeŋ mraŋ/ **'''鄭張''': /*sʰleŋ mraŋ/ ===={{noun}}==== {{zh-cat|qing1ming2|noun|暦}} {{zhx-sic-cat|qin1min2|noun|暦}} {{yue-cat|ching1ming2|noun|暦}} {{hak-cat|chhiang1miang2|noun|暦}} {{mnp-cat|cheng1meng2|noun|暦}} {{cdo-cat|ching1ming5|noun|暦}} {{nan-cat|chhinn1mia5|noun|暦}} {{nan-tws-cat|ceng1meng5|noun|暦}} {{cpx-cat|cia1mia2|noun|暦}} {{wuu-cat|chin1min3|noun|暦}} {{gan-cat|qin1min|noun|暦}} {{cjy-cat|qing1ming1|noun|暦}} {{hsn-cat|cin1min2|noun|暦}} {{ltc-cat|tshjeng1mjaeng1|noun|暦}} {{och-cat|shlengmrang|noun|暦}} {{zhchars}} #{{q|暦}} [[二十四節気]]の第5番目。 ====={{comp}}===== *{{zh-l|清明節}} ===={{desc}}==== {{CJKV||清明|j=せいめい|k=[[淸明]]|[[청명]]|thanh minh|しーみー}} ;その他の言語: *{{desc|id|cengbeng|bor=1}} *{{desc|th|เชงเม้ง|เช็งเม้ง|bor=1}} *{{desc|km|ឆេងម៉េង|bor=1}} *{{desc|za|Cingmingz|bor=1}} =={{L|vi}}== {{vi-hantutab}} ==={{noun}}=== {{vi-head|noun|thanh|minh|cat2=暦}} #{{q|暦}} [[二十四節気]]の第5番目。 ===={{seealso}}==== *{{vi-l|hai mươi tư tiết khí|𠄩𨒒四節氣}} dlhqieaoo4alfijdk7h6j6lt7e2j7rp 0 16804 2278413 1462268 2026-06-02T09:47:44Z ふゆくれ 95641 2278413 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|ぜいめい}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana}} {{ja-k|清明|t=[[二十四節気]]の五番目。|hom=y}} {{ja-k|精明|t=[[ものごと|物事]]の[[道理]]に[[くわしい|詳しく]]、[[あきらか|明らか]]なこと。}} {{ja-k|晴明|t=空が晴れて澄み渡ること。|t2=霽明。}} {{ja-k|霽明|t=清らで明るいこと。そのさま。}} {{ja-k|聖明|t=[[天子]]の[[知恵]]が[[すぐれる|優れ]]ていること。}} {{ja-k|星明|t=星明り。}} {{ja-k|声明|t=[[意見]]や[[主張]]を[[公表]]すること。}} {{ja-k|声名|成名|t=[[よい|良い]][[評判]]。名声。}} {{ja-k|斉名|t=名声が同じくらいであること。そのさま。}} {{ja-k|姓名|t=[[名字]]と[[な|名]]。}} {{ja-k|制名|t=名付けること。}} {{ja-k|勢名|t=権勢と栄誉。}} {{ja-k|清名|t=清誉。}} {{ja-k|盛名|t=[[立派]]な評判。}} {{ja-k|盛明|t=昌盛の世。}} {{ja-k|正名|t=事物の実質を正確に認識する称呼を保持すること。}} {{ja-k|正明|t=正しく公明なこと。そのさま。}} {{ja-k|正命|t=正しい天性。|t2=天寿。}} {{ja-k|成命|t=天命。}} {{ja-k|星命|t=推命。}} {{ja-k|性命|t=[[うまれながら|生まれながら]]の[[性質]]と[[運命]]。|t2=生命。}} {{ja-k|生命|t=[[生物]]に[[そなわる|備わっ]]た[[ちから|力]]、生物が生物であることによって[[たもつ|保た]]れる[[状態]]・[[現象]]。生物と[[無生物]]を[[へだてる|隔てる]]もの。|t2=生物のこと。|t3=[[非常]]に[[大事]]なものの[[比喩]]。|t4=ある[[業種]]における[[キャリア]]。[[通常]]、[[否定的]]・[[悲観的]]な[[文脈]]で用いる。}} {{ja-k|誓命|t=君主の戒めの語。}} {{ja-k|誓盟|t=[[約束]]。}} {{ja-k|牲盟|t=血盟。}} {{ja-k|斉盟|t=斎戒して盟うこと。}} {{ja-k|旌命|t=表彰し、招くこと。}} {{ja-k|旌銘|t=葬送の旗。}} {{ja-k|凄迷|t=愴茫。}} {{ja-k|萋迷|t=深く茂ること。}} {{ja-k|睛迷|t=目が眩うこと。}} {{ja-k|青冥|t=青天。}} {{ja-k|靖冥|t=物静かなこと。そのさま。}} {{ja-k|西溟|t=西海。}} 3idjitgt6ppnyk3xta2q9hbfa3y1eb1 2278421 2278413 2026-06-02T09:53:24Z ふゆくれ 95641 /* {{kangokana}} */ 2278421 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|ぜいめい}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana}} {{ja-k|清明|t=[[二十四節気]]の五番目。|t2=霽明。|hom=y}} {{ja-k|精明|t=[[ものごと|物事]]の[[道理]]に[[くわしい|詳しく]]、[[あきらか|明らか]]なこと。}} {{ja-k|晴明|t=空が晴れて澄み渡ること。|t2=霽明。}} {{ja-k|霽明|t=清らかで明るいこと。そのさま。}} {{ja-k|聖明|t=[[天子]]の[[知恵]]が[[すぐれる|優れ]]ていること。}} {{ja-k|星明|t=星明り。}} {{ja-k|声明|t=[[意見]]や[[主張]]を[[公表]]すること。}} {{ja-k|声名|成名|t=[[よい|良い]][[評判]]。名声。}} {{ja-k|斉名|t=名声が同じくらいであること。そのさま。}} {{ja-k|姓名|t=[[名字]]と[[な|名]]。}} {{ja-k|制名|t=名付けること。}} {{ja-k|勢名|t=権勢と栄誉。}} {{ja-k|清名|t=清誉。}} {{ja-k|盛名|t=[[立派]]な評判。}} {{ja-k|盛明|t=昌盛の世。}} {{ja-k|正名|t=事物の実質を正確に認識する称呼を保持すること。}} {{ja-k|正明|t=正しく公明なこと。そのさま。}} {{ja-k|正命|t=正しい天性。|t2=天寿。}} {{ja-k|成命|t=天命。}} {{ja-k|星命|t=推命。}} {{ja-k|性命|t=[[うまれながら|生まれながら]]の[[性質]]と[[運命]]。|t2=生命。}} {{ja-k|生命|t=[[生物]]に[[そなわる|備わっ]]た[[ちから|力]]、生物が生物であることによって[[たもつ|保た]]れる[[状態]]・[[現象]]。生物と[[無生物]]を[[へだてる|隔てる]]もの。|t2=生物のこと。|t3=[[非常]]に[[大事]]なものの[[比喩]]。|t4=ある[[業種]]における[[キャリア]]。[[通常]]、[[否定的]]・[[悲観的]]な[[文脈]]で用いる。}} {{ja-k|誓命|t=君主の戒めの語。}} {{ja-k|誓盟|t=[[約束]]。}} {{ja-k|牲盟|t=血盟。}} {{ja-k|斉盟|t=斎戒して盟うこと。}} {{ja-k|旌命|t=表彰し、招くこと。}} {{ja-k|旌銘|t=葬送の旗。}} {{ja-k|凄迷|t=愴茫。}} {{ja-k|萋迷|t=深く茂ること。}} {{ja-k|睛迷|t=目が眩うこと。}} {{ja-k|青冥|t=青天。}} {{ja-k|靖冥|t=物静かなこと。そのさま。}} {{ja-k|西溟|t=西海。}} 1y5e3qjegx1msq2o7zm2s5dxmy3r7zh 0 17533 2278308 1868222 2026-06-02T07:10:35Z Daxidawiki 126582 Fix template 2278308 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|くんしゅ}} {{Wikipedia|君主}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[くんしゅ]]}} #一般的に[[世襲]]によって、ときに[[選挙]]によってきめられる、[[国家]]の最高[[統治]]者。伝統的には国家の唯一の[[主権]]者。 ===={{hyper}}==== *[[元首]] ===={{hypo}}==== *[[王]]、[[国王]] *[[皇帝]]、[[帝王]] ===={{comp}}==== *[[立憲君主制]] *[[専制君主制]] ===={{rel}}==== *[[名君]] *[[暴君]] *[[暗君]] ===={{trans}}==== {{trans-top}} *[[{{is}}]]<!--* Icelandic-->: {{t-|is|einvaldsherra|m}}, {{t+|is|konungur|m}}, {{t+|is|drottning|f}}, {{t-|is|fursti|m}}, {{t+|is|keisari|m}}, {{t-|is|einvaldur|m}}, {{t-|is|einvaldur þjóðhöfðingi konungsríkis|m}}, {{t-|is|einvaldur þjóðhöfðingi keisaradæmis|m}}, {{t-|is|einvaldur þjóðhöfðingi furstadæmis|m}}, {{t+|is|höfðingi|m}}, {{t+|is|jöfur|m}}, *[[{{ga}}]]<!--* Irish-->: {{t-|ga|monarc|m|xs=Irish}} *[[{{ar}}]]<!--* Arabic-->: {{t-|ar|عاهل|m|tr=3aahil|sc=Arab}} *[[{{it}}]]<!--* Italian-->: {{t-|it|monarca}} *{{T|en}}: {{t|en|monarch}} *[[{{nl}}]]<!--* Dutch-->: {{t-|nl|monarch|m}} *[[{{ca}}]]<!--* Catalan-->: {{t+|ca|monarca|m|f}} *[[{{el}}]]<!--* Greek-->: {{t+|el|μονάρχης|m|tr=monárchis}} *[[{{sv}}]]<!--* Swedish-->: {{t+|sv|monark|c}} *[[{{es}}]]<!--* Spanish-->: {{t-|es|monarca|m|f}} *[[{{cs}}]]<!--* Czech-->: {{t-|cs|panovník|m}}, {{t+|cs|monarcha|m}} *[[{{da}}]]<!--* Danish-->: {{t-|da|monark}} *[[{{de}}]]<!--* German-->: {{t+|de|Monarch|m}}, {{t-|de|Monarchin|f}}, {{t+|de|Fürst|m}} *[[{{tr}}]]<!--* Turkish-->: {{t|tr|hakan}}, {{t|tr|hükümdar}} *[[{{no}}]]<!--* Norwegian-->: {{t+|no|monark|m}} *[[{{eu}}]]<!--* Basque-->: {{t+|eu|monarka}} *[[{{fi}}]]<!--* Finnish-->: {{t+|fi|hallitsija}}, {{t+|fi|monarkki}} *[[{{fr}}]]<!--* French-->: {{t+|fr|monarque|m}} *[[{{pl}}]]<!--* Polish-->: {{t+|pl|monarcha|m}}, {{t+|pl|monarchini|f}} *[[{{pt}}]]<!--* Portuguese-->: {{t+|pt|monarca|m|f}} *[[{{mk}}]]<!--* Macedonian-->: {{t-|mk|монарх|m|tr=mónarh}}, {{t-|mk|владетел|m|tr=vládetel}} *[[{{ms}}]]<!--* Malay-->: {{t-|ms|ratu}}, {{t-|ms|raja}}, {{t-|ms|permaisuri}} *[[{{gv}}]]<!--* Manx-->: {{t-|gv|ard-ree|m}} *[[{{lv}}]]<!--* Latvian-->: {{t-|lv|monarhs|xs=Latvian}} *[[{{ro}}]]<!--* Romanian-->: {{t+|ro|monarh|m}} *[[{{ru}}]]<!--* Russian-->: {{t+|ru|монарх|m|tr=monárx}} {{trans-bottom}} ---- =={{L|zh}}== [[category:{{zh}}|jun1zhu3]] ==={{noun}}=== [[category:{{zh}}_{{noun}}|jun1zhu3]] {{zhchar|君|主}}（jūnzhǔ） #（日本語に同じ）。 g65pwwrobpbjq0m1ihucsieh8gxssb0 0 17957 2278492 1631259 2026-06-02T11:01:17Z M-30722 1202 2278492 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|ふちょう}} {{wikipedia}} =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanjitab|ふ|ちょう|yomi=o}} ==={{alter}}=== *[[符丁]] ==={{pron}}=== {{ja-pron|ふちょう|acc=0}} {{ja-accent-common|region=京阪|h|ふちょ|ー}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[ふちょう]]}} #[[商品]]に[[つける|付けられ]]ている、商品名・[[型番]]・[[状態]]などを[[はしりがき|走り書き]]した[[紙片]]のこと。[[付箋]]。[[価格]]は[[記載]]されていない場合が多く、[[タグ]]、[[値札]]とは[[厳密]]には[[ことなる|異なる]]。 #（語義1より）ある[[業界]]等において、[[部外者]]に[[さとる|覚られずに]][[伝達]]をするための[[あいず|合図]]又は[[ことば|言葉]]。 #[[隠語]]のうち、その[[通用]]する[[範囲]]が、[[おも|主]]に[[同一]]の[[業界]]であるもの。[[業界用語]]。語義2の[[目的]]による[[場合]]もあるが、[[たん|単]]に[[業界]]における[[用語]]として[[定着]]したものもある。 ===={{syn}}==== * [[隠語]], [[俗語]] ===={{trans}}==== ;走り書きした紙片 *{{T|en}}: a [[secret]] [[mark]] ;合図 *{{T|en}}: {{trans_link|en|cipher}} ;業界用語 *{{T|en}}: [[jargon]] j9eco0lmwz5fqst6ylym7koqmcrfk1a 0 18379 2278282 1854175 2026-06-02T06:26:56Z Jiba1219 100610 2278282 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|See}} =={{L|en}}== [[カテゴリ:{{en}}]] ==={{pron}}=== *{{IPA|ˈsiː|lang=en}} * {{audio|en|En-us-see.ogg|音声 (米)}} ==={{etym}}1=== {{etyl|lat|eng}} {{lang|la|''[[sedes|sēdēs]]''}} ===={{noun}}==== [[カテゴリ:{{en}}_{{noun}}]] '''see''' ({{p}}: [[sees]]) # [[司教]]。 # [[教皇庁]]。（カトリック） ==={{etym}}2=== 古英語 {{lang|en|''[[seon|sēon]]''}} ===={{verb}}==== {{en-verb|sees|seeing|saw|seen}}[[カテゴリ:{{en}}_{{verb}}_不規則変化]] # ～を{{おくりがな2|見|み|る|みる}}、[[みえる]]、[[目に入る]]。 # [[見物]]する。見に行く。 #* ''I'll go '''see''' a movie.'' #*:映画を'''見に行く'''。 # ～を[[理解]]する。～が{{おくりがな2|解|わか|る|わかる}}。 #* ''Do you '''see''' what I mean?'' #*:私の言っていることは'''解ります'''か？ #* ''It may be easy to '''see''' why.'' #*: 理由は'''解り'''やすいだろう。 # 経験から理解する。 #* ''You do '''see''' life here, don't you.'' #*:ここは社会勉強になるだろう。 #* ''Yes, now I've '''seen''' it all!'' #*:はい、いろいろな経験を積みました。 # {{おくりがな2|会|あ|う|あう}}。（診察・相談のために医者や弁護士を）[[訪問]]する。 #* [[nice to see you|''Nice to '''see''' you.'']] #*:お会いできてうれしいです（[[はじめまして]]）。 #* ''You look so [[pale]], why don't you '''see''' the doctor.'' #*:顔が青白いよ、医者に'''診て'''もらったら。 =====類義語===== *（目にする）: [[behold]], [[espy]], [[observe]], [[view]] *[[look]]（意識的に見る） ====={{comp}}===== * [[all seeing eye]] * [[see a man about a dog]] * [[see through]] * [[see-through]] * [[see for]] * [[see-saw]] * [[wait and see]] [[Category:ベーシック英語 850単語]] =={{L|et}}== [[カテゴリ:{{et}}]] ==={{pron}}=== *{{IPA|seː|lang=et}} ===={{cogn}}==== *{{fi}}: [[se]] ==={{noun}}=== [[カテゴリ:{{et}} {{noun}}]] # [[これ]]。 =={{L|fy}}== [[カテゴリ:{{fy}}]] ==={{pron}}=== {{IPA|seː|lang=fy}} ===={{cogn}}==== *{{en}}: [[sea]] ==={{noun}}=== [[カテゴリ:{{fy}} {{noun}}]] [[カテゴリ:{{fy}} 地形]] # {{ふりがな|海|うみ}}。 710tyldzicl4q1r8ggmhf7ekcfogsjp 4 19412 2278423 2274428 2026-06-02T10:01:00Z ふゆくれ 95641 2278423 wikitext text/x-wiki ''[[Wiktionary:執筆依頼/ja/故事成語|故事成語]]、[[Wiktionary:執筆依頼/ja/四字熟語|四字熟語]]、[[Wiktionary:執筆依頼/ja/ことわざ|ことわざ]]についてはそれぞれのページもご参照ください'' :[[項目]]と和語の場合はその読み方(かっこの中)の[[執筆]]が終わったら、ここから除いて下さい。 :[[ただし|但し]]、まだ[[除去]]されていない項目が[[熟語]]だった場合は、日本語が作成されていることを確認してください(中国語のみ作成されていることがある為)。 == あ-お == *[[藍染屋]]（あいぞめや） *[[アウトオブバウンズ]] *[[生き体]]（いきたい） *[[稲束]]（[[いなたば]]、[[いなづか]]、[[いねたば]]） *[[淫務]]（いんむ）<!--大漢和辞典に掲載--> *[[選り抜く]]（[[えりぬく]]、[[よりぬく]]、[[すぐりぬく]]） *[[オブジェクト指向プログラミング]]（オブジェクトしこうプログラミング） *[[オリゴ糖]]（オリゴとう） *[[御誄]]（おんるい） == か-こ == *[[鍵を握る]]（[[かぎをにぎる]]） *[[ガパオライス]] *[[神待ち]]（[[かみまち]]） *[[カルダモン]] *[[カルフォルニアロール]] *[[紀事本末体]]（きじほんまつたい） *[[キックスクーター]] *[[キックボード]] *[[紀伝体]]（きでんたい） *[[キャンプ場]]（キャンプじょう） *[[金波]]（きんぱ） *[[けものみみ|獣耳]]（[[けものみみ]]/[[けもみみ]]） *[[小鬢]]（こびん） == さ-そ == *[[ジェンガ]] *[[死に体]]（しにたい） *[[シャインマスカット]] *[[櫬殿]]（しんでん） *[[スーパーボール]] *[[創起]]、[[喪期]]、[[壮気]]、[[挿記]]、[[草卉]]、[[送気]]（そうき） *[[即身仏]]（そくしんぶつ） *[[ソリスト]] == た-と == *[[対抗馬]]（たいこうば） *[[チーズ牛丼]]/[[チー牛]]（チーズぎゅうどん/チーぎゅう） *[[チャイ]] *[[ディアンドル]] *[[伝令RNA]]（でんれいアールエヌエー） *[[トートバッグ]] *[[トマトケチャップ]] *[[トマトスープ]] *[[トマトソース]] == な-の == == は-ほ == *[[ビットコイン]] *[[フォンデュ]] *[[ブラウニー]] *[[ブラマンジェ]] *[[ブリトー]] *[[フルーツポンチ]] *[[編年体]]（へんねんたい） *[[ホールケーキ]] *[[補体]]（ほたい） == ま-も == *[[モルック]] == や-よ == *[[有限会社]]（ゆうげんがいしゃ） *[[有限責任会社]]（ゆうげんせきにんがいしゃ） *[[ユニークブラウザー]] *[[ユニークユーザー]] == ら-ろ == *[[ラッキーゾーン]] *[[ラトルバック]] *[[利休]]（りきゅう）<!--茶人の千利休のことではなく、一般名詞としての--> == わ-ん == [[category:{{ja}}|*]] == その他 == [[/言語名]] == 参考 == *[[攻略本]] *[[ミニゲーム]] *[[キャニオニング]] *[[ドバイチョコレート]] [[:en:Wiktionary:Requested_entries:Japanese]] 3ac93n9ho69egtnxg3dylg18l6a39h6 0 19836 2278564 2221330 2026-06-02T11:45:42Z Kuroco2k 84207 2278564 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DEFAULTSORT:ceska Češka}} {{also|Česka|čéška}} =={{sk}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{suffix+|Čech|ka|lang=slk}} ==={{noun}}=== {{sk-noun|g=f|gen=Češky|pl=Češky|decl=žena}} #[[チェコ人]]（女性）。 ==={{rel}}=== * {{l|sk|Čech}} * {{l|sk|Česko}} * {{l|sk|český}} * {{l|sk|čeština}} ---- =={{sl}}== ==={{pron|slv}}=== * {{sl-IPA|Čẹ̑ška}} ==={{name}}=== {{head|slv|name|cat2=ヨーロッパの国名|cat3=ヨーロッパ史|head=Čẹ̑ška|g=f}} #[[チェコ]]、チェコ共和国の略称。 #（ヨーロッパ史）[[ボヘミア]]。 ===={{rel}}==== * {{l|sl|Čéh}} / {{l|sl|Čéhinja}} * {{l|sl|čéški}} * {{l|sl|čéščina}} * {{l|sl|češko}} ---- =={{sh}}== ==={{pron|hbs}}=== * {{IPA|tʃêʃkaː}} * {{hyphenation|Če|ška}} ==={{name}}=== {{head|hbs|name|cat2=ヨーロッパの国名|cat3=ヨーロッパ史|g=f|head=Čȅškā|キリル文字|[[Чешка|Че̏шка̄]]}} #{{context|uncountable|lang=hbs}}[[チェコ]]、チェコ共和国の略称。 #（ヨーロッパ史）[[ボヘミア]]。 {{sh-decl-noun-unc|Čȅškā|Češke|Čȅškōj|Češku|Češka|Čȅškōj|Češkom}} ===={{syn}}==== * (語義2) {{l|sh|Bohemija}} ---- =={{cs}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{suffix+|Čech|ka|lang=ces}} ==={{pron|ces}}=== * {{IPA|ˈt͡ʃɛʃka}} ==={{noun}}=== {{cs-noun|g=f}} #[[チェコ人]]（女性）。 ===={{decl}}==== {{cs-ndecl|<f>}} ===={{rel}}==== * {{l|cs|Čech}} * {{l|cs|Česko}} * {{l|cs|český}} * {{l|cs|čeština}} 5l9yqo0so6obp8bpicbjjcboylghzxc 0 21845 2278505 1792026 2026-06-02T11:08:50Z M-30722 1202 2278505 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|はんどく}} =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanjitab|はん|どく|yomi=o}} ==={{pron}}=== {{ja-pron|はんどく|acc=0}} {{ja-accent-common|region=京阪|h||はんどく}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun-suru|[[はんどく]]}} # そのままでは[[意味]]が[[わかる|わから]]ない[[文字]]や[[文章]]を、[[判断]]しながら[[よむ|読む]]こと。 ===={{syn}}==== * [[解読]]、[[読解]] ==={{verb}}=== {{日本語サ変活用}} 8asmejb0yrwoxz28eyyek6brl9raqls 0 24217 2278319 1877973 2026-06-02T08:09:38Z Daxidawiki 126582 Fix template 2278319 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun-suru|たいくつ}} #[[単調]]だったり、[[刺激]]がなかったり、[[何]]も[[する]]ことがなく、[[嫌]]になる様子。暇を[[もてあます]]こと。[[無聊を託つ]]こと。 #[[興味]]をそそられず、それ[[以上]]続けようと[[おもう|思わない]]様子。[[つまらない]]こと。 #*退屈な映画だ。 ===={{rel}}==== *[[退屈凌ぎ]] ===={{trans}}==== * ''「'''[[倦怠]]'''」、「'''[[単調]]'''」も参照。'' {{top}} *[[{{en}}]]<!--*English-->:{{t+|en|bore}}, {{t+|en|boredom}}, {{t+|en|dullness}} *[[{{es}}]] <!--*Spanish-->:{{t+|es|aburrimiento|m}} *[[{{cs}}]]<!--*Czech-->: {{t+|cs|nuda|f}} *[[{{fr}}]]<!--*French-->: {{t+|fr|ennui|m}}, {{t+|fr|monotonie|f}} *[[{{pl}}]]<!--*Polish-->: {{t+|pl|nuda|f}} *[[{{lt}}]]<!--*Lithuanian-->: {{t-|lt|nuobodulys|alt={{Unicode|nuobodulỹs}}|m}}, {{t-|lt|nuobodumas|alt=nuobodùmas|m}}, {{t-|lt|nuobodis|alt=núobodis|m}}, {{t-|lt|nuoboda|alt=núoboda|f}} {{bottom}} ==={{adjectivenoun}}=== ===={{conjug}}==== {{日本語ダ活用|kana=たいくつ}} ===={{trans}}==== * ''「'''[[単調]]だ'''」、「'''[[つまらない]]'''」も参照。'' {{top}} *[[{{en}}]]<!--*English-->: {{t+|en|boring}}, {{t+|en|boresome}}, {{t+|en|dull}}, {{t+|en|innocuous}} *[[{{es}}]] <!--*Spanish-->:{{t+|es|aburrido}} *[[{{cs}}]]<!--*Czech-->: {{t+|cs|nudný}} *[[{{fr}}]]<!--*French-->: {{t+|fr|monotone}} *[[{{pl}}]]<!--*Polish-->: {{t+|pl|nudny}} *[[{{lt}}]]<!--*Lithuanian-->: {{t-|lt|nuobodus}} {{bottom}} ===={{ant}}==== * [[刺激的]] ==={{verb}}=== [[Category:{{ja}}_{{verb}}|たいくつ]] ===={{conjug}}==== {{日本語サ変活用|kana=たいくつ}} ===={{trans}}==== {{top}} *[[{{en}}]]<!--*English-->: {{lang|en|[[be#{{en}}|be]] [[bored]]}}; （退屈させる） {{t+|en|bore}} *[[{{es}}]]<!--*Spanish-->: {{t+|es|aburrirse}} ; （退屈させる） {{t+|es|aburrir}} *[[{{pl}}]]<!--*Polish-->: {{t+|pl|nudzić|alt=nudzić się}}, {{t+|pl|zanudzać|alt=zanudzać się}}/{{t-|pl|zanudzić|alt=zanudzić się}}; （退屈させる） {{t+|pl|nudzić}}, {{t+|pl|zanudzać}}/{{t-|pl|zanudzić}} {{bottom}} afvvcfp9oplcvtuvogpbd2n9qt2fi7s 0 24665 2278391 1097495 2026-06-02T09:28:20Z Kuroco2k 84207 2278391 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|ang}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|gmw-pro|ang}} {{m|gmw-pro|*buterā}} ==={{pron}}=== *{{ang-IPA|butere}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ang-noun|g=f}} #{{context|乳製品|lang=ang}} [[バター]]、[[牛酪]]。 ===={{decl}}==== {{ang-decl-noun-n-f|buter}} ===={{desc}}==== *{{desctree|enm|buter}} =={{L|enm}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{head|enm|noun}} #{{context|Early Middle English|lang=enm}} {{alt form|enm|buter}} 6mlrm2tc4pjqzn46wouuaqk30v7xwhd 0 24955 2278311 1918271 2026-06-02T07:46:47Z Daxidawiki 126582 Fix template 2278311 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|しんけん}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[しんけん]]}} #[[実際]]に[[戦闘]]で[[つかう|使う]][[刀]]。 #何かを[[本気]]でしようとする様子。 ==={{adjectivenoun}}=== {{ja-adjectival noun|[[しんけん]]}} ===={{conjug}}==== {{日本語ダ活用}} k6kskj71w7e30l24js46khi4ytc7zsd 0 24957 2278204 1918272 2026-06-01T16:17:19Z Jiba1219 100610 2278204 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|しゅうちゅう}} =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanjitab|しゅう|ちゅう|yomi=o}} ==={{pron}}=== {{ja-pron|しゅうちゅう|acc=0}} {{ja-accent-common|region=京阪|h||しゅ－ちゅー}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun-suru|[[しゅうちゅう]]}} # [[一ヶ所]]ないしはごく[[かぎる|限ら]]れた[[範囲]]に[[あつまる|集まる]]こと。 # [[意識]]を[[特定]]の[[ものごと|物事]]に[[かたむける|傾ける]]こと。 #* '''集中'''{{ふりがな|力|りょく|yomilink=no}} #* [[心配]][[こと|ごと]][[の#助詞|の]][[せい]][[で#助詞|で]][[しごと|仕事]][[に#助詞|に]]'''集中'''[[できる|でき]][[ない]] ====派生語==== {{rel-top|派生語一覧}} * [[集中管理]] * [[集中豪雨]] * [[集中処理システム]] * [[集中神経系]] * [[集中審理]] * [[集中生産]] * [[集中ダクト]] * [[集中治療室]] * [[集中登山]] * [[集中排除法]] * [[集中砲火]] {{rel-bottom}} ==={{verb}}=== {{ja-verb-suru|しゅうちゅう}} # {{context|intransitive|lang=ja}} 一ヶ所ないしはごく限られた範囲に集まる。 #* [[コンビナート]][[の#助詞|の]]'''集中する'''[[臨海工業地帯]] # {{context|transitive|lang=ja}} 一ヶ所ないしはごく限られた範囲に[[あつめる|集める]]。 #* [[精神]][[を#助詞|を]]'''集中する''' # {{context|intransitive|lang=ja}} [[意識]]を[[特定]]の[[ものごと|物事]]に[[かたむける|傾ける]]。 #* '''集中し'''[[て#助詞|て]][[課題]][[に#助詞|に]][[とりくむ|取り組む]] ===={{conjug}}==== {{日本語サ変活用}} ===={{trans}}==== {{trans-top|語義2:}} *{{T|en}}: {{t|en|concentrate}}, {{t|en|conglomerate}} *{{T|pl}}: {{t|pl|skupiać|impf}}/ {{t|pl|skupić|pf}} *{{T|lt}}: {{t|lt|sukaupti}} {{trans-bottom}} {{trans-top|語義3:}} *{{T|en}}: {{t|en|concentrate}} ({{lang|en|{{l|en|on}} ''[[something]]''}}) *{{T|pl}}: {{t|pl|skupiać się|impf}}/ {{t|pl|skupić się|pf}}, {{lang|pl|{{t+|pl|uważać}} ({{l|pl|na}} ''[[coś|czymś]]''}}), {{t|pl|koncentrować się}} *{{T|lt}}: {{t-|lt|susikaupti}} {{trans-bottom}} =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|ji2zhong1|verb|hsk=乙|hsk2=5}} {{yue-cat|jaap6jung1|verb}} {{nan-cat|chip8tiong1|verb}} {{nan-tws-cat|zib8dong1|verb}} {{cpx-cat|zih7doeng1|verb}} {{hak-cat|sip6chung1|verb}} ==={{pron}}=== {{cmn-pron|jízhōng|a=Zh-jízhong.ogg}} {{yue-pron|zaap6 zung1|a=LL-Q9186-Luilui6666-集中.wav}} {{nan-pron|chi̍p-tiong|t=zib8 dong1}} {{cpx-pron|pt:zih7 doeng1/xy:zih7 dyoeng1}} {{hak-pron|si̍p-chûng|h=sibˋ zhungˋ}} ==={{verb}}=== {{zhchars}} #集中する。[[結集]]する。 =={{L|ko}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ko-head|noun|집중}} #（日本語に同じ）集中。 =={{L|vi}}== ==={{verb}}=== {{vi-head|verb|tập|trung}} #集中する。 sgf7lzfsa3vuk3svlczi5k669awfdk1 0 25084 2278312 1906639 2026-06-02T07:48:42Z Daxidawiki 126582 Fix template 2278312 wikitext text/x-wiki {{wikipedia}} {{also|战斗|戰鬥|戰鬪}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun-suru|[[せんとう]]}} #[[敵対]]する[[集団]]が、[[現実]]に[[武力]]を[[行使]]しあう[[局面]]。[[バトル]]。 ===={{rel}}==== *[[戦争]] *{{syn}}:[[いくさ]]、[[会戦]] ===={{trans}}==== *{{T|en}}: {{t|en|battle}}, {{t|en|combat}} *{{T|sv}}: {{t|sv|jakt}} ==={{verb}}=== [[Category:{{ja}}_{{verb}}|せんとう]] ===={{conjug}}==== {{日本語サ変活用|kana=せんとう}} ej3yofuht4ohoefwtxi6dhlrfpdiqz7 0 25406 2278216 2213344 2026-06-01T19:09:14Z RoKouKok 112415 2278216 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|こ}} ==漢字== {{kanji|口|2}} {{kanji variants|𠖠=[[古字]]|𡇣=[[古字]]|𛀸=[[変体仮名]]}} {{筆順}} ===字源=== * [[会意文字|会意]]。「十*（｛[[盾]]｝の[[初文]]）」 （固い物の代表）+羨符「口」（区別のための記号）。「[[かたい]]」を意味する[[漢語]]｛[[固]] {{phoneme|*kaas}}｝を表す字。のち[[仮借]]して「[[ふるい]]」を意味する漢語｛[[古]] {{phoneme|*kaaʔ}}｝に用いる。<ref group="字源">唐蘭 『古文字学導論』 北京大学、1934年、下編40頁。<br>裘錫圭 「[https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?search_click_id=16422412596327851330-1728881953428-6791186075&__biz=MzA3MzU4NTMwNQ==&mid=203554491&idx=1&sn=848b95d87a8d4f5e60f287146c0499e4&chksm=16d9994d21ae105b4a496df1f0f7d7ef48abd6e046dffc7889ec7eb0fe32f5507b6d25ddd45a&scene 釈“弘”“強”]」 『古文字論集』 中華書局、1992年、56頁。<br>季旭昇撰 『説文新証』 芸文印書館、2014年、154-155頁。<br>林志強等評注 『《文源》評注』 中国社会科学出版社、2017年、94頁。</ref> {{字源}} <references group="字源" /> ===関連字=== {| class="wikitable" |+ 「[[古]]」を音符とする[[形声文字]] （諧声域＝*KA） |- ! !! !! 見母 !! 溪母 !! 匣母 !! 影母 !! 曉母 |- ! rowspan="4" | 一等 || 平声 模韻 | [[姑]][[辜]][[酤]][[蛄]][[鴣]][[橭]][[𠷞]][[沽]][[𨬟]][[𧇡]][[盬]][[嫴]][[䐻]][[㼋]]<br>（歌韻：[[箇]][[個]]） || [[枯]][[軲]][[㱠]][[跍]][[橭]] || [[胡]][[𩑶]][[𠴱]][[瓳]][[餬]][[瑚]][[湖]][[鶘]][[猢]][[醐]][[𪏻]][[䊀]][[𪍒]][[糊]][[𪕱]][[葫]][[㾰]][[箶]][[𥶜]][[𧛞]] || || [[葫]] |- ! 上声 姥韻 | [[古]][[𦙶]][[罟]][[估]][[盬]][[鈷]][[𦍩]][[詁]][[牯]][[沽]][[𥂩]] || [[苦]][[𥯶]] || [[楛]][[怙]][[祜]][[岵]][[婟]][[㕆]][[酤]] || || |- ! 去声 暮韻 | [[稒]][[故]][[酤]][[沽]][[痼]][[固]][[錮]][[㽽]][[鯝]][[䍛]][[棝]][[凅]] || [[䔯]][[苦]] || [[婟]] || || |- ! 入声 鐸韻 | || || [[涸]] || || |- ! !! !! 見母 !! 溪母 !! 匣母 !! 影母 !! 曉母 |- ! rowspan="4" | 二等 || 平声 麻韻 | || || || || |- ! 上声 馬韻 | || || || || |- ! 去声 禡韻 | || || || || |- ! 入声 陌韻 | || || || || |- ! !! !! 見母 !! 溪母 !! 群母 !! 影母 !! 曉母 |- ! rowspan="4" | 三等A || 平声 魚韻 | [[居]][[𡨢]][[据]][[裾]][[琚]][[䝻]][[鶋]][[蜛]][[崌]][[椐]][[涺]][[𦱅]][[腒]]<br>（之韻：[[居]]） || [[椐]] || [[腒]] || || |- ! 上声 語韻 | || || || || |- ! 去声 御韻 | [[鋸]][[倨]][[踞]][[椐]][[𧣻]][[䱟]] || || || || |- ! 入声 藥韻 | || || || || |- ! !! !! 見母 !! 溪母 !! 群母 !! 影母 !! 曉母 |- ! rowspan="4" | 三等B || 平声 魚韻 | || || || || |- ! 上声 語韻 | || || || || |- ! 去声 御韻 | || || || || |- ! 入声 陌韻 | || || || || |} ===意義=== #[[ふるい]]。 #*{{syn}}:[[舊]]/[[旧]]、{{ant}}:[[新]] #[[むかし]]、[[いにしえ]]。 #*{{syn}}:[[昔]] [[Category:漢字_派生元]] =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanji|常用=コ,ふる-い,ふる-す|施策=教育:2|呉音=ク|漢音=コ|訓=ふる-い,ふる-す,いにしえ}} ==={{prefix}}=== [[category:{{ja}}_{{prefix}}]] #「[[ふるい]]」、「[[骨董]]」の意を添える。 #*古民家、古民具 ==={{prov}}=== {{top}} *[[訓古]] *[[稽古]] *[[古意]] *[[古雅]] *[[古稀]] *[[古今]] *[[古今東西]] *[[古語]] *[[古刹]] *[[古参]] *[[古址]] *[[古式]] *[[古書]] *[[古色]] *[[古色蒼然]] *[[古称]] *[[古人]] *[[古生代]] *[[古生界]] *[[古生物]] *[[古典]] *[[古代]] *[[古都]] *[[古風]] *[[古物]] *[[古文]] *[[古来]] *[[古老]] {{bottom}} =={{L|zh}}== ==={{etym}}=== *{{etyl|sit-pro|zh|sort=gu3}} {{m|sit-pro|*r-ga}}。チベット語 [[རྒ་]] （老いる、年老いた）と同根。 {{zh-cat|gu3|形容詞|固有名詞|姓|hsk=乙|常=1}} ==={{pron}}=== {{zh-han |m=gǔ |m-s=gu3 |m-x=gù |dg=гў |c=gu2 |ca=LL-Q9186 (yue)-Justinrleung-古.wav |c-dg=gu2 |c-t=gu2 |g=gu3 |pfs=kú |hrs=guˊ |gd=gu3 |j=gu3/gu2 |mb=gǔ |md=gū/kū |mn=qz,xm,zz,kh,tp,ct:kó͘ |mn-t=gou2 |mn-l=geu2/gu2 |px=pt,xy:gou3/pt:kou3 |sp=gu2 |w=5ku |w-j=3ku |x=gu3 |x-l=gu3 |x-h=gu3 |mc=y |oc=y }} ==={{adjective}}=== #{{おくりがな2|古|ふる|い|ふるい}}。 ==={{name}}=== #中国人の[[姓]]のひとつ。 ==={{prov}}=== {{top}} * {{ZHfont|[[古奥]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古巴]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古板]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古币]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古祠]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古瓷]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古刹]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古城]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古代]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古道]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古道热肠]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古典]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古典主义]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古调不弹]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古董]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古动物学]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古都]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古尔邦节]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古方]]，[[古方儿]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古风]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古怪]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古国]] / [[古國]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古画]] / [[古畫]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古话]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古籍]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古记]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古迹]] / [[古蹟]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古今]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古今中外]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古井无波]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古劲]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古旧]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古来]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古兰经]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古老]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古老肉]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古历]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古靈精怪]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古庙]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古墓]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古朴]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古气]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古钱]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古琴]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古趣]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古人]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古色古香]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古生代]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古生界]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古诗]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古时]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古书]] / [[古書]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古体诗]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古铜色]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古玩]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古往今来]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古为今用]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古文字]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古昔]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古训]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古雅]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古谚]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古音]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古语]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古猿]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古远]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古筝]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古植物学]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古装]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古拙]]}} {{bottom}} =={{L|ko}}== {{ko-han|고|eumhun=[[옛]]/[[옛날]] [[고]]}} =={{L|vi}}== {{vi-han|cổ}} =={{コード}}== {{文字コード|jis=1-24-37|mj={{mjmoji|008024}}|gb=B9C5|cns=1-462C|big5=A56A|ksx=1001-4D2F}} {{検字|倉頡=JR|四角=4060.0}} {{字典|dj=0380.060|hdz=10568.030|大字源=1048|大漢語林=1238|康煕=0171.080|新大字典=1723|新潮漢字=1269|諸橋=3233}} jh64zw3bmjoz0tvbxf6dqk7j3kku3mi 2278220 2278216 2026-06-01T19:13:11Z RoKouKok 112415 2278220 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|こ}} ==漢字== {{kanji|口|2}} {{kanji variants|𠖠=[[古字]]|𡇣=[[古字]]|𛀸=[[変体仮名]]}} {{筆順}} ===字源=== * [[会意文字|会意]]。「十*」（｛[[盾]]｝の[[初文]]、固い物の代表）+羨符「口」（区別のための記号）。「[[かたい]]」を意味する[[漢語]]｛[[固]] {{phoneme|*kaas}}｝を表す字。のち[[仮借]]して「[[ふるい]]」を意味する漢語｛[[古]] {{phoneme|*kaaʔ}}｝に用いる。<ref group="字源">唐蘭 『古文字学導論』 北京大学、1934年、下編40頁。<br>裘錫圭 「[https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?search_click_id=16422412596327851330-1728881953428-6791186075&__biz=MzA3MzU4NTMwNQ==&mid=203554491&idx=1&sn=848b95d87a8d4f5e60f287146c0499e4&chksm=16d9994d21ae105b4a496df1f0f7d7ef48abd6e046dffc7889ec7eb0fe32f5507b6d25ddd45a&scene 釈“弘”“強”]」 『古文字論集』 中華書局、1992年、56頁。<br>季旭昇撰 『説文新証』 芸文印書館、2014年、154-155頁。<br>林志強等評注 『《文源》評注』 中国社会科学出版社、2017年、94頁。</ref> {{字源}} <references group="字源" /> ===関連字=== {| class="wikitable" |+ 「[[古]]」を音符とする[[形声文字]] （諧声域＝*KA） |- ! !! !! 見母 !! 溪母 !! 匣母 !! 影母 !! 曉母 |- ! rowspan="4" | 一等 || 平声 模韻 | [[姑]][[辜]][[酤]][[蛄]][[鴣]][[橭]][[𠷞]][[沽]][[𨬟]][[𧇡]][[盬]][[嫴]][[䐻]][[㼋]]<br>（歌韻：[[箇]][[個]]） || [[枯]][[軲]][[㱠]][[跍]][[橭]] || [[胡]][[𩑶]][[𠴱]][[瓳]][[餬]][[瑚]][[湖]][[鶘]][[猢]][[醐]][[𪏻]][[䊀]][[𪍒]][[糊]][[𪕱]][[葫]][[㾰]][[箶]][[𥶜]][[𧛞]] || || [[葫]] |- ! 上声 姥韻 | [[古]][[𦙶]][[罟]][[估]][[盬]][[鈷]][[𦍩]][[詁]][[牯]][[沽]][[𥂩]] || [[苦]][[𥯶]] || [[楛]][[怙]][[祜]][[岵]][[婟]][[㕆]][[酤]] || || |- ! 去声 暮韻 | [[稒]][[故]][[酤]][[沽]][[痼]][[固]][[錮]][[㽽]][[鯝]][[䍛]][[棝]][[凅]] || [[䔯]][[苦]] || [[婟]] || || |- ! 入声 鐸韻 | || || [[涸]] || || |- ! !! !! 見母 !! 溪母 !! 匣母 !! 影母 !! 曉母 |- ! rowspan="4" | 二等 || 平声 麻韻 | || || || || |- ! 上声 馬韻 | || || || || |- ! 去声 禡韻 | || || || || |- ! 入声 陌韻 | || || || || |- ! !! !! 見母 !! 溪母 !! 群母 !! 影母 !! 曉母 |- ! rowspan="4" | 三等A || 平声 魚韻 | [[居]][[𡨢]][[据]][[裾]][[琚]][[䝻]][[鶋]][[蜛]][[崌]][[椐]][[涺]][[𦱅]][[腒]]<br>（之韻：[[居]]） || [[椐]] || [[腒]] || || |- ! 上声 語韻 | || || || || |- ! 去声 御韻 | [[鋸]][[倨]][[踞]][[椐]][[𧣻]][[䱟]] || || || || |- ! 入声 藥韻 | || || || || |- ! !! !! 見母 !! 溪母 !! 群母 !! 影母 !! 曉母 |- ! rowspan="4" | 三等B || 平声 魚韻 | || || || || |- ! 上声 語韻 | || || || || |- ! 去声 御韻 | || || || || |- ! 入声 陌韻 | || || || || |} ===意義=== #[[ふるい]]。 #*{{syn}}:[[舊]]/[[旧]]、{{ant}}:[[新]] #[[むかし]]、[[いにしえ]]。 #*{{syn}}:[[昔]] [[Category:漢字_派生元]] =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanji|常用=コ,ふる-い,ふる-す|施策=教育:2|呉音=ク|漢音=コ|訓=ふる-い,ふる-す,いにしえ}} ==={{prefix}}=== [[category:{{ja}}_{{prefix}}]] #「[[ふるい]]」、「[[骨董]]」の意を添える。 #*古民家、古民具 ==={{prov}}=== {{top}} *[[訓古]] *[[稽古]] *[[古意]] *[[古雅]] *[[古稀]] *[[古今]] *[[古今東西]] *[[古語]] *[[古刹]] *[[古参]] *[[古址]] *[[古式]] *[[古書]] *[[古色]] *[[古色蒼然]] *[[古称]] *[[古人]] *[[古生代]] *[[古生界]] *[[古生物]] *[[古典]] *[[古代]] *[[古都]] *[[古風]] *[[古物]] *[[古文]] *[[古来]] *[[古老]] {{bottom}} =={{L|zh}}== ==={{etym}}=== *{{etyl|sit-pro|zh|sort=gu3}} {{m|sit-pro|*r-ga}}。チベット語 [[རྒ་]] （老いる、年老いた）と同根。 {{zh-cat|gu3|形容詞|固有名詞|姓|hsk=乙|常=1}} ==={{pron}}=== {{zh-han |m=gǔ |m-s=gu3 |m-x=gù |dg=гў |c=gu2 |ca=LL-Q9186 (yue)-Justinrleung-古.wav |c-dg=gu2 |c-t=gu2 |g=gu3 |pfs=kú |hrs=guˊ |gd=gu3 |j=gu3/gu2 |mb=gǔ |md=gū/kū |mn=qz,xm,zz,kh,tp,ct:kó͘ |mn-t=gou2 |mn-l=geu2/gu2 |px=pt,xy:gou3/pt:kou3 |sp=gu2 |w=5ku |w-j=3ku |x=gu3 |x-l=gu3 |x-h=gu3 |mc=y |oc=y }} ==={{adjective}}=== #{{おくりがな2|古|ふる|い|ふるい}}。 ==={{name}}=== #中国人の[[姓]]のひとつ。 ==={{prov}}=== {{top}} * {{ZHfont|[[古奥]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古巴]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古板]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古币]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古祠]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古瓷]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古刹]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古城]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古代]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古道]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古道热肠]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古典]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古典主义]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古调不弹]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古董]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古动物学]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古都]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古尔邦节]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古方]]，[[古方儿]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古风]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古怪]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古国]] / [[古國]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古画]] / [[古畫]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古话]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古籍]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古记]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古迹]] / [[古蹟]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古今]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古今中外]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古井无波]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古劲]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古旧]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古来]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古兰经]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古老]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古老肉]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古历]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古靈精怪]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古庙]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古墓]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古朴]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古气]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古钱]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古琴]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古趣]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古人]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古色古香]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古生代]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古生界]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古诗]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古时]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古书]] / [[古書]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古体诗]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古铜色]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古玩]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古往今来]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古为今用]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古文字]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古昔]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古训]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古雅]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古谚]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古音]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古语]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古猿]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古远]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古筝]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古植物学]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古装]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古拙]]}} {{bottom}} =={{L|ko}}== {{ko-han|고|eumhun=[[옛]]/[[옛날]] [[고]]}} =={{L|vi}}== {{vi-han|cổ}} =={{コード}}== {{文字コード|jis=1-24-37|mj={{mjmoji|008024}}|gb=B9C5|cns=1-462C|big5=A56A|ksx=1001-4D2F}} {{検字|倉頡=JR|四角=4060.0}} {{字典|dj=0380.060|hdz=10568.030|大字源=1048|大漢語林=1238|康煕=0171.080|新大字典=1723|新潮漢字=1269|諸橋=3233}} ls1idia4zi8cnb9ijqfscytydsg8lrf 2278221 2278220 2026-06-01T19:14:01Z RoKouKok 112415 2278221 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|こ}} ==漢字== {{kanji|口|2}} {{kanji variants|𠖠=[[古字]]|𡇣=[[古字]]|𛀸=[[変体仮名]]}} {{筆順}} ===字源=== * [[会意文字|会意]]。「十*」（｛[[盾]]｝の[[初文]]、固い物の代表）+羨符「口」（区別のための記号）。「[[かたい]]」を意味する[[漢語]]｛[[固]] {{phoneme|*kˤah}}｝を表す字。のち[[仮借]]して「[[ふるい]]」を意味する漢語｛[[古]] {{phoneme|*kˤaʔ}}｝に用いる。<ref group="字源">唐蘭 『古文字学導論』 北京大学、1934年、下編40頁。<br>裘錫圭 「[https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?search_click_id=16422412596327851330-1728881953428-6791186075&__biz=MzA3MzU4NTMwNQ==&mid=203554491&idx=1&sn=848b95d87a8d4f5e60f287146c0499e4&chksm=16d9994d21ae105b4a496df1f0f7d7ef48abd6e046dffc7889ec7eb0fe32f5507b6d25ddd45a&scene 釈“弘”“強”]」 『古文字論集』 中華書局、1992年、56頁。<br>季旭昇撰 『説文新証』 芸文印書館、2014年、154-155頁。<br>林志強等評注 『《文源》評注』 中国社会科学出版社、2017年、94頁。</ref> {{字源}} <references group="字源" /> ===関連字=== {| class="wikitable" |+ 「[[古]]」を音符とする[[形声文字]] （諧声域＝*KA） |- ! !! !! 見母 !! 溪母 !! 匣母 !! 影母 !! 曉母 |- ! rowspan="4" | 一等 || 平声 模韻 | [[姑]][[辜]][[酤]][[蛄]][[鴣]][[橭]][[𠷞]][[沽]][[𨬟]][[𧇡]][[盬]][[嫴]][[䐻]][[㼋]]<br>（歌韻：[[箇]][[個]]） || [[枯]][[軲]][[㱠]][[跍]][[橭]] || [[胡]][[𩑶]][[𠴱]][[瓳]][[餬]][[瑚]][[湖]][[鶘]][[猢]][[醐]][[𪏻]][[䊀]][[𪍒]][[糊]][[𪕱]][[葫]][[㾰]][[箶]][[𥶜]][[𧛞]] || || [[葫]] |- ! 上声 姥韻 | [[古]][[𦙶]][[罟]][[估]][[盬]][[鈷]][[𦍩]][[詁]][[牯]][[沽]][[𥂩]] || [[苦]][[𥯶]] || [[楛]][[怙]][[祜]][[岵]][[婟]][[㕆]][[酤]] || || |- ! 去声 暮韻 | [[稒]][[故]][[酤]][[沽]][[痼]][[固]][[錮]][[㽽]][[鯝]][[䍛]][[棝]][[凅]] || [[䔯]][[苦]] || [[婟]] || || |- ! 入声 鐸韻 | || || [[涸]] || || |- ! !! !! 見母 !! 溪母 !! 匣母 !! 影母 !! 曉母 |- ! rowspan="4" | 二等 || 平声 麻韻 | || || || || |- ! 上声 馬韻 | || || || || |- ! 去声 禡韻 | || || || || |- ! 入声 陌韻 | || || || || |- ! !! !! 見母 !! 溪母 !! 群母 !! 影母 !! 曉母 |- ! rowspan="4" | 三等A || 平声 魚韻 | [[居]][[𡨢]][[据]][[裾]][[琚]][[䝻]][[鶋]][[蜛]][[崌]][[椐]][[涺]][[𦱅]][[腒]]<br>（之韻：[[居]]） || [[椐]] || [[腒]] || || |- ! 上声 語韻 | || || || || |- ! 去声 御韻 | [[鋸]][[倨]][[踞]][[椐]][[𧣻]][[䱟]] || || || || |- ! 入声 藥韻 | || || || || |- ! !! !! 見母 !! 溪母 !! 群母 !! 影母 !! 曉母 |- ! rowspan="4" | 三等B || 平声 魚韻 | || || || || |- ! 上声 語韻 | || || || || |- ! 去声 御韻 | || || || || |- ! 入声 陌韻 | || || || || |} ===意義=== #[[ふるい]]。 #*{{syn}}:[[舊]]/[[旧]]、{{ant}}:[[新]] #[[むかし]]、[[いにしえ]]。 #*{{syn}}:[[昔]] [[Category:漢字_派生元]] =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanji|常用=コ,ふる-い,ふる-す|施策=教育:2|呉音=ク|漢音=コ|訓=ふる-い,ふる-す,いにしえ}} ==={{prefix}}=== [[category:{{ja}}_{{prefix}}]] #「[[ふるい]]」、「[[骨董]]」の意を添える。 #*古民家、古民具 ==={{prov}}=== {{top}} *[[訓古]] *[[稽古]] *[[古意]] *[[古雅]] *[[古稀]] *[[古今]] *[[古今東西]] *[[古語]] *[[古刹]] *[[古参]] *[[古址]] *[[古式]] *[[古書]] *[[古色]] *[[古色蒼然]] *[[古称]] *[[古人]] *[[古生代]] *[[古生界]] *[[古生物]] *[[古典]] *[[古代]] *[[古都]] *[[古風]] *[[古物]] *[[古文]] *[[古来]] *[[古老]] {{bottom}} =={{L|zh}}== ==={{etym}}=== *{{etyl|sit-pro|zh|sort=gu3}} {{m|sit-pro|*r-ga}}。チベット語 [[རྒ་]] （老いる、年老いた）と同根。 {{zh-cat|gu3|形容詞|固有名詞|姓|hsk=乙|常=1}} ==={{pron}}=== {{zh-han |m=gǔ |m-s=gu3 |m-x=gù |dg=гў |c=gu2 |ca=LL-Q9186 (yue)-Justinrleung-古.wav |c-dg=gu2 |c-t=gu2 |g=gu3 |pfs=kú |hrs=guˊ |gd=gu3 |j=gu3/gu2 |mb=gǔ |md=gū/kū |mn=qz,xm,zz,kh,tp,ct:kó͘ |mn-t=gou2 |mn-l=geu2/gu2 |px=pt,xy:gou3/pt:kou3 |sp=gu2 |w=5ku |w-j=3ku |x=gu3 |x-l=gu3 |x-h=gu3 |mc=y |oc=y }} ==={{adjective}}=== #{{おくりがな2|古|ふる|い|ふるい}}。 ==={{name}}=== #中国人の[[姓]]のひとつ。 ==={{prov}}=== {{top}} * {{ZHfont|[[古奥]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古巴]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古板]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古币]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古祠]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古瓷]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古刹]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古城]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古代]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古道]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古道热肠]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古典]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古典主义]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古调不弹]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古董]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古动物学]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古都]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古尔邦节]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古方]]，[[古方儿]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古风]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古怪]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古国]] / [[古國]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古画]] / [[古畫]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古话]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古籍]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古记]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古迹]] / [[古蹟]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古今]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古今中外]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古井无波]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古劲]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古旧]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古来]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古兰经]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古老]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古老肉]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古历]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古靈精怪]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古庙]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古墓]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古朴]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古气]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古钱]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古琴]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古趣]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古人]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古色古香]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古生代]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古生界]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古诗]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古时]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古书]] / [[古書]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古体诗]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古铜色]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古玩]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古往今来]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古为今用]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古文字]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古昔]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古训]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古雅]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古谚]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古音]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古语]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古猿]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古远]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古筝]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古植物学]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古装]]}} * {{ZHfont|[[古拙]]}} {{bottom}} =={{L|ko}}== {{ko-han|고|eumhun=[[옛]]/[[옛날]] [[고]]}} =={{L|vi}}== {{vi-han|cổ}} =={{コード}}== {{文字コード|jis=1-24-37|mj={{mjmoji|008024}}|gb=B9C5|cns=1-462C|big5=A56A|ksx=1001-4D2F}} {{検字|倉頡=JR|四角=4060.0}} {{字典|dj=0380.060|hdz=10568.030|大字源=1048|大漢語林=1238|康煕=0171.080|新大字典=1723|新潮漢字=1269|諸橋=3233}} r81rva3ja7pcytbrz960wiar5vqxf68 0 27105 2278401 1705461 2026-06-02T09:42:42Z M-30722 1202 訳語並べ替え等 2278401 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}:雲=== [[File:Cumulus clouds panorama.jpg|thumb|350px|雲]] {{wikipedia|雲}} {{ja-noun|雲|曇}} [[Category:雲|*]] #{{topcat|ja|雲}}空気中の[[みず|水]]、または[[こおり|氷]]の[[微粒子]]が集まって[[そら|空]]に浮いているもの。 # 比喩表現 ## 一面に広がりたなびいているもの。 ##* 花の雲 ## 高い場所。 ##* 雲の上の人 ## 不確かな物事。 ##* 雲をつかむような話 ## {{context|dated|lang=ja}}[[なんとなく]]心が[[すっきり]]しない[[状態]]。 ## {{context|dated|lang=ja}}[[火葬]]の煙。人の死。 ===={{pron}}==== {{ja-pron|acc=1}} {{ja-accent-common|region=京阪|a|く|も}} ===={{drv}}==== *{{verb}}:[[くもる]]　→　[[くもり]] ===={{prov}}==== {{top}} *[[あまぐも]] *[[いわしぐも]] *[[うきぐも]] *[[うろこぐも]] *[[かぜくも]] *[[きのこぐも]] *[[くもい]] *[[くもがくれ]] *[[雲形定規]] *[[くもすけ]] *[[くものうえ]] *[[くもま]] *[[くもゆき]] *[[くもをつかむ]] *[[ひつじぐも]] *[[まきぐも]] *[[むらくも]] *[[やみくも]] {{bottom}} ===={{trans}}==== {{trans-top|語義1　空に浮いている雲}} *{{T|ga}}: [[scamaill]] *{{T|ar}}: {{t|ar|سحابة|f}}, {{t|ar|غيمة|f}} *{{T|arc}}: *:シリア文字: [[ܥܢܢܐ]] (‘nānā, ‘nono) {{f}} *:ヘブル文字: [[עננא]] (‘nānā, ‘nono) {{f}} *{{T|sq}}: [[re]] {{f}} *{{T|it}}: [[nuvola]] {{f}}, [[nube]] {{f}}, [[nebbia]] {{f}} *{{T|ia}}: [[nube]] *{{T|id}}: [[awan]], [[mega]] *{{T|cy}}: [[cwmwl]] {{m}} *{{T|vo}}: [[lefog]] *{{T|uk}}: {{t|uk|хмара|f}} *{{T|en}}: {{t|en|cloud}} *:{{T|ang}}: [[wolcen]] {{n}} *{{T|et}}: [[pilv]] *{{T|eo}}: {{t|en|nubo}} *{{T|nl}}: [[wolk]] {{f}} *{{T|ca}}: [[núvol]] {{m}} *{{T|ki}}: {{t-|ki|itu|c5}} *{{T|el}}: {{t|el|σύννεφο|n}} *:{{T|grc}}: {{t|grc|νέφος|n}} *{{T|gn}}: [[arai]] *{{T|ku}}: *:{{T|kmr}}: {{t|kmr|ewr|m}} *:{{T|ckb}}: [[hewr]] *{{T|sc}}: [[nui]] {{m}} *{{T|sa}}: {{t|sa|मेघ|tr=megha-|m}} *{{T|sv}}: [[moln]] {{n}} *{{T|gd}}: [[neul]] {{m}} *{{T|es}}: [[nube]] {{m}} *{{T|sl}}: [[oblak]] {{m}} *{{T|sh}}: *:キリル文字: {{t|sh|облак|m}} *:ラテン文字: {{t|sh|oblak|m}} *{{T|th}}: {{t|th|เมฆ}} *{{T|tl}}: [[alapaap]], [[ulap]] *{{T|ta}}: {{t|ta|மேகம்}} *{{T|cs}}: [[zatemnit]], [[zastřít]], [[zahalit]], [[zkalit]] *{{T|zh}}: {{lang|zh|[[雲]], [[云]]}} (yún) *{{T|ko}}: {{t|ko|구름}} *{{T|te}}: {{t|te|మేఘము}}, {{t|te|మబ్బులు}} (通常複数形で) *{{T|de}}: {{t|de|Wolke|f}}, {{t|de|Schleier|m}} *{{T|tr}}: [[bulut]] *{{T|no}}: [[sky]] {{m}} *{{T|haw}}: [[ao]] *{{T|hu}}: [[felhő]] *{{T|fj}}: [[ō]] *{{T|fi}}: [[pilvi]], [[sumu]], [[parvi]] *{{T|fr}}: [[nuage]] {{m}} *{{T|br}}: [[koumoul]] ''(集合名詞)'', koumoulenn {{f}} *{{T|he}}: {{t|he|ענן|tr=’anan|m}} *{{T|bn}}: {{t-|bn|মেঘ|tr=megha}}, {{t-|bn|জলধর|tr=jaladhara}}, {{t-|bn|বারিদ|tr=bārida}}, {{t-|bn|নীরদ|tr=nīrada}}, {{t-|bn|তোয়দ|tr=toẏada}}, {{t-|bn|ধারাধর|tr=dhārādhara}}, {{t-|bn|পয়োধর|tr=paẏodhara}} *{{T|pl}}: {{t|pl|chmura|f}}, {{t|pl|obłok|m}} *{{T|pt}}: [[nuvem]] {{f}} *{{T|mi}}: [[kapua]], [[ao]] *{{T|mt}}: [[sħaba]] {{f}} *{{T|la}}: [[nubes]] {{f}} *{{T|lv}}: [[mākonis]] *{{T|lt}}: {{t|lt|debesis|m}} *{{T|ro}}: [[nor]] {{m}} *{{T|ru}}: {{t|ru|облако|n}}, {{t|ru|туча|f}} {{trans-bottom}} ==={{noun}}:蜘蛛=== [[Category:蜘蛛|*]] {{wikipedia|クモ}} '''くも'''【[[蜘]][[蛛]]】 #{{topcat|ja|蜘蛛}}{{タグ|ja|夏}}[[蜘蛛形類]]の[[一種]]。八本脚で[[はら|腹]]の[[先端]]部から[[いと|糸]]を出して[[す|巣]]を作るものが知られる。 ===={{pron}}==== {{ja-pron|acc=1}} {{ja-accent-common|region=京阪|o|く|も}} ===={{trans}}==== {{trans-top|蜘蛛}} *{{T|is}}: [[kónguló]] {{f}}, [[könguló]] {{f}} *{{T|am}}: {{t|am|ሸረሪት}} *{{T|ar}}: {{t|ar|عنكبوت|tr=ʕankabūt|m}} *{{T|sq}}: [[merimangë]] {{f}} *{{T|hy}}: {{t|hy|սարդ}} *{{T|it}}: [[ragno]] {{m}} *{{T|yi}}: {{t|yi|שפין|f}} *{{T|ia}}: [[aranea]] *{{T|id}}: [[labah]] *{{T|cy}}: [[corryn]] {{m}}, [[pryf copyn]] {{m}} *{{T|vo}}: [[suplaf]] *{{T|en}}: [[spider]], [[arachno]] *{{T|et}}: [[ämblik]] *{{T|eo}}: {{t|eo|araneo}} *{{T|myv}}: {{t|myv|шанжав}}, {{t|myv|пондо мукоро}} *{{T|nl}}: [[spin]] {{m}} *{{T|ca}}: [[aranya]] {{f}} *{{T|ki}}: {{t-|ki|mbũmbũĩ|c9/10}} *{{T|el}}: {{t|el|αράχνη|f}} *{{T|gn}}: [[ñandu]] *{{T|ka}}: {{t|ka|ობობა}} *{{T|qu}}: [[uru]] , [[kusikusi]] , [[apasanka]] *{{T|kw}}: [[kevnisenn]] {{f}}, [[kevnis]] {{m}}, [[gwiader]] {{m}} *{{T|sm}}: [['apogāleveleve]] *{{T|sa}}: {{t|sa|उर्णनाभ|m}}, {{t|sa|ऊर्णनाभ|m}}, {{t|sa|जालकारक|tr=jālakāraka-|m}}, {{t|sa|तन्तुवाय|tr=tantuvāya-|m}}, {{t|sa|तन्त्रवाय|tr=tantravāya-|m}}, {{t|sa|मर्कट|tr=markaṭa-|m}}, {{t|sa|मर्कटक|tr=markaṭaka-|m}}, {{t|sa|लूता|tr=lūtā-|f}} *{{T|sv}}: [[spindel]] {{c}} *{{T|zu}}: [[ulwembu]], [[ululwembu]] *{{T|gd}}: [[damhan-allaidh]] {{m}}, [[fìgheadair]] {{m}} *{{T|es}}: {{t|es|araña|f}} *{{T|sk}}: [[pavúk]] {{m}} *{{T|sl}}: [[pajek]] {{m}} *{{T|sw}}: [[buibui]] *{{T|ceb}}: [[damang]] *{{T|sh}}: {{t|sh|pauk|m}} *{{T|so}}: [[caaro]] *{{T|th}}: {{t|th|แมงมุม}} *{{T|tl}}: [[gagambá]], [[álalawa]] *{{T|ta}}: {{t|ta|சிலந்தி}} *{{T|cs}}: [[pavouk]] {{m}} *{{T|chr}}: {{t|chr|ᎧᎾᏁᏍᎩ}} *{{T|zh}}: {{t|zh|蜘蛛|tr=zhīzhū}} *{{T|ko}}: {{t|ko|거미}} *{{T|tzo}}: {{tø|tzo|om}} *{{T|da}}: [[edderkop]] {{m}} *{{T|te}}: {{t|te|సాలీడు}} *{{T|de}}: [[Spinne]] {{f}} *{{T|tw}}: [[ananse]] *{{T|tr}}: [[örümcek]] *{{T|nah}}: [[tocatl]] *{{T|ne}}: (maakoora) *{{T|no}}: [[edderkopp]] {{m}} *{{T|ha}}: [[gizò-gizò]] {{m}}, [[tautaù]] {{m}} *{{T|eu}}: [[armiarma]] *{{T|haw}}: [[nananana]], [[pūnāwelewele]] *{{T|hu}}: [[pók]] *{{T|pa}}: (makkarī) *{{T|my}}: {{t|my|ပင့်ကူ}} *{{T|hi}}: {{t|hi|मकड़ा|tr=makaṛā}}, {{t|hi|मकड़ी|tr=makaṛī}} <!--The d is really a retroflex flap /ɽə/ --> *{{T|fi}}: [[hämähäkki]] *{{T|fr}}: [[araignée]] {{f}} *{{T|vi}}: [[nhện]], [[con nhện]] *{{T|fa}}: {{t|fa|عنکبوت|tr=‘ankabut}} *{{T|bn}}: {{t-|bn|মাকড়সা|tr=mākaṛasā}}, {{t|bn|ঊর্ণনাভ}}, {{t-|bn|উর্ণনাভ|tr=urṇanābha}}, {{t-|bn|লূতা|tr=lūtā}} *{{T|pl}}: {{t|pl|pająk|m}}, {{t|pl|krzyżak|m}}, {{t|pl|ptasznik|m}} *{{T|pt}} [[aranha]] {{f}} *{{T|mi}}: [[puawerewere]], [[puungaawerewere]], [[puungaiwerewere]], [[puuwerewere]], [[tuuturi]] *{{T|ml}}: {{t|ml|എട്ടുകാലി}}, {{t|ml|ചിലന്തി}} *{{T|ms}}: [[labah-labah]] *{{T|gv}}: [[doo-oallee]] {{f}}, [[feeder]] {{m}} *{{T|mn}}: {{t|mn|аалз}} *{{T|yo}}: [[alantakun]] *{{T|la}}: [[aranea]] {{f}} *{{T|lv}}: [[zirneklis]] *{{T|lt}}: {{t|lt|vóras|m}} *{{T|ro}}: [[păianjen]] {{m}} *{{T|ru}}: {{t|ru|паук|m}} {{trans-bottom}} [[image:Araneus diadematus MHNT Femelle Fronton.jpg|thumb]] =={{L|ojp}}== ==={{noun}}:雲=== {{ojp-noun|雲}} #{{topcat|ojp|雲}}（空に浮かぶ）雲。 #雲のようなもの。 #{{ふりがな|心|こころ}}の{{おくりがな2|晴|は|れ|はれる}}ない状態。 #{{タグ|ojp|埋葬}}[[火葬]]の{{ふりがな|煙|けむり}}。 ===={{pron}}==== {{ojp-pron-noun-2-3|く|も}} ==={{noun}}:蜘蛛=== {{ojp-noun}}【[[蜘]][[蛛]]】 #{{タグ|ojp|節足動物}}蜘蛛。 ===={{pron}}==== {{ojp-pron-noun-2-5|く|も}} ===={{syn}}==== *[[ささがに]] h0w3iyo09sgwrjiauxkw9zh0mp28gec 0 27840 2278416 1205029 2026-06-02T09:49:16Z Daxidawiki 126582 Fix template 2278416 wikitext text/x-wiki {{wikipedia}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[さいし]]}} #[[神]]や[[祖先]]の[[霊]]を{{おくりがな|祀|る|まつる}}[[儀式]]、[[儀礼]]。[[まつり]]。 ===={{rel}}==== *{{syn}}: [[祭礼]]、[[祭典]]、[[祭儀]] *{{homonym}}: [[さいし]]参照。 ===={{trans}}==== *{{T|en}}: {{t|en|festa}}, {{t|en|rite}} odlrgl3o8gnep3hpd9r6vqxdc1c56k2 0 27843 2278294 1918631 2026-06-02T06:33:37Z Daxidawiki 126582 Fix template 2278294 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|たいしゅう}} {{also|大眾|大众}} {{wikipedia|大衆}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{pron}}=== {{ja-pron|たいしゅう|acc=0}} {{ja-accent-common|region=京阪|h||たいしゅー}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[たいしゅう]]}} #{{context|historical|Buddhism|[[だいしゅ]]又は[[だいじゅ]]|lang=ja}}[[僧侶]]の[[集団]]。「[[摩詞僧伽]]」の訳。 #（[[たいしゅう]]）[[おおく|多く]]の[[ひとびと|人々]]。 #（[[たいしゅう]]）[[社会]]の[[大半]]を[[しめる|占める]][[普通]]の人々。一般に[[通俗]]的、[[低廉]]、ひどくは[[衆愚]]的のイメージを有する。 ====熟語==== 語義1 *[[大衆部]] 語義3 *[[大衆小説]]、[[大衆食堂]] ===={{rel}}==== *[[民衆]]、[[公衆]]、[[群衆]]、[[マス]] ---- =={{L|ko}}== [[Category:{{ko}}|대중]] ==={{noun}}=== [[Category:{{ko}}_{{noun}}|대중]] {{lang|ko|'''大衆'''（[[대중]]）}} #（日本語に同じ）大衆。 ---- =={{L|vi}}== [[Category:{{vi}}|dai6chung3 đaichung]] ==={{noun}}=== [[Category:{{vi}}_{{noun}}|dai6chung3 đaichung]] {{lang|vi|'''大衆'''（[[đại chúng]]）}} #[[おおく|多く]]の[[ひとびと|人々]]。 8zda10mq5mha56fnxsza5xhg0u7o9b8 0 28486 2278307 1191580 2026-06-02T07:09:18Z Daxidawiki 126582 Fix template 2278307 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|ja}}== {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|きゅうてい}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[きゅうてい]]}} #[[君主]]、[[国王]]などの[[住居]]。 ===={{trans}}==== *{{T|en}}: {{t|en|court}} ===={{rel}}==== *[[宮殿]] *[[王宮]] *[[皇居]] ===={{drv}}==== *[[宮廷語]] *[[宮廷費]] *[[宮廷文学]] *[[宮廷道化]] *[[宮廷ユダヤ人]] sh7k31rq3pucsn1zzvwnco94s7udef6 0 30682 2278217 2031787 2026-06-01T19:11:48Z RoKouKok 112415 2278217 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kanji header|部画=十:2+10|IVS=00|包摂注記=y}} {{kanji header|IVS=01|[[旧字体]]|section=no}} {{kanji variants|𩫯=[[同字]]}} * 筆順 : [[image:{{PAGENAME}}-bw.png|350px]]（学校で教えている筆順） ::※「[[尃]]」の筆順は他にも複数通りある。該当ページを参照されたし。 ===字源=== * [[形声文字|形声]]。「十*（｛[[盾]]｝の[[初文]]）」+音符「[[尃]] {{phoneme|*PAK}}」<ref group="字源">林澐 「説干、盾」 『古文字研究』第22輯 安徽大学古文字研究室編、中華書局、2000年、94頁。<br>季旭昇撰 『説文新証』 芸文印書館、2014年、156-157頁。<br>林志強等評注 『《文源》評注』 中国社会科学出版社、2017年、524頁。<br>蘇建洲 「西周金文“干”字再議」 『出土文献研究』第20輯 中國文化遺産研究院編、中西書局、2021年、21頁。</ref>。「[[うつ]]」を意味する[[漢語]]｛[[搏]] {{phoneme|*pˤak}}｝を表す字。のち[[仮借]]して「[[ひろい]]」を意味する漢語｛[[博]] {{phoneme|*pˤak}}｝に用いる。 ** 『説文解字』では「[[十]]」+「尃」と解釈されているが、これは誤った分析である。[[金文]]の形を見ればわかるように「十」とは関係がない。 <references group="字源" /> ===意義=== #[[見識]]が[[ひろい]]。 #*対義字：'''[[陋]]''' =={{L|ja}}== [[Category:{{ja}}]] {{ja-kanji|常用=ハク,バク|施策=教育:4|呉音=ハク|漢音=ハク|慣用音=バク|訓=ひろ-い}} ==={{suffix}}=== [[Category:{{ja}}_{{suffix}}]] [[Category:{{ja}}_略語]] '''博''' #（ハク）[[博覧会]]の略。 #* 海洋博 #（ハク）[[博物館]]の略。 #* 歴博 #（ハク）[[博士]]の略。 #* 医博 ==={{drv}}=== *[[博する]] ==={{prov}}=== {{top}} *[[博学]] *[[博士]] *[[博識]] *[[博大]] *[[博才]] *[[博打]] *[[博覧会]] *[[博覧強記]] *[[広博]] *[[賭博]] *[[万博]] {{bottom}} =={{L|zh}}== [[Category:{{zh}}|bo2]] [[Category:常用字|bo2]] {{trans_link|zh|{{PAGENAME}}}} * '''ローマ字表記''' ** '''[[普通話]]''' *** '''[[ピンイン]]''': [[b&oacute;]] ([[bo2]]) *** '''[[ウェード式]]''': po² ** '''[[広東語]]''' *** '''[[イェール式]]''': bok3 =={{L|ko}}== [[Category:{{ko}}|박]] {{ko-hanja|hangeul=[[박]]|eumhun=[[넓다|넓을]]|rv=bak|mr=pak|}} =={{L|vi}}== {{vi-han|bác}} ==文字情報== {{character info}} {{character info|0x2F82E}} {{文字コード|jis=1-39-78|mj={{mjmoji|007859|007860|007861|007862|059398}}|gb=B2A9|cns=1-5E3B|big5=B3D5|ksx=1001-5A4F}} {{検字|倉頡=JIBI|四角=4304.6}} {{点字|tenji6=256,136,245|tenji8=1356,234567}} {{字典|dj=0360.100|hdz=10066.020|大字源=926/927|大漢語林=1123/1124|康煕=0157.130|新大字典=1516/1517|新潮漢字=1139/1140|諸橋=2761/2761'}} 9qrv4t4cxj4ivc95ootpsl9y5q05e4k 2278219 2278217 2026-06-01T19:12:34Z RoKouKok 112415 2278219 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kanji header|部画=十:2+10|IVS=00|包摂注記=y}} {{kanji header|IVS=01|[[旧字体]]|section=no}} {{kanji variants|𩫯=[[同字]]}} * 筆順 : [[image:{{PAGENAME}}-bw.png|350px]]（学校で教えている筆順） ::※「[[尃]]」の筆順は他にも複数通りある。該当ページを参照されたし。 ===字源=== * [[形声文字|形声]]。「十*」（｛[[盾]]｝の[[初文]]）+音符「[[尃]] {{phoneme|*PAK}}」<ref group="字源">林澐 「説干、盾」 『古文字研究』第22輯 安徽大学古文字研究室編、中華書局、2000年、94頁。<br>季旭昇撰 『説文新証』 芸文印書館、2014年、156-157頁。<br>林志強等評注 『《文源》評注』 中国社会科学出版社、2017年、524頁。<br>蘇建洲 「西周金文“干”字再議」 『出土文献研究』第20輯 中國文化遺産研究院編、中西書局、2021年、21頁。</ref>。「[[うつ]]」を意味する[[漢語]]｛[[搏]] {{phoneme|*pˤak}}｝を表す字。のち[[仮借]]して「[[ひろい]]」を意味する漢語｛[[博]] {{phoneme|*pˤak}}｝に用いる。 ** 『説文解字』では「[[十]]」+「尃」と解釈されているが、これは誤った分析である。[[金文]]の形を見ればわかるように「十」とは関係がない。 <references group="字源" /> ===意義=== #[[見識]]が[[ひろい]]。 #*対義字：'''[[陋]]''' =={{L|ja}}== [[Category:{{ja}}]] {{ja-kanji|常用=ハク,バク|施策=教育:4|呉音=ハク|漢音=ハク|慣用音=バク|訓=ひろ-い}} ==={{suffix}}=== [[Category:{{ja}}_{{suffix}}]] [[Category:{{ja}}_略語]] '''博''' #（ハク）[[博覧会]]の略。 #* 海洋博 #（ハク）[[博物館]]の略。 #* 歴博 #（ハク）[[博士]]の略。 #* 医博 ==={{drv}}=== *[[博する]] ==={{prov}}=== {{top}} *[[博学]] *[[博士]] *[[博識]] *[[博大]] *[[博才]] *[[博打]] *[[博覧会]] *[[博覧強記]] *[[広博]] *[[賭博]] *[[万博]] {{bottom}} =={{L|zh}}== [[Category:{{zh}}|bo2]] [[Category:常用字|bo2]] {{trans_link|zh|{{PAGENAME}}}} * '''ローマ字表記''' ** '''[[普通話]]''' *** '''[[ピンイン]]''': [[b&oacute;]] ([[bo2]]) *** '''[[ウェード式]]''': po² ** '''[[広東語]]''' *** '''[[イェール式]]''': bok3 =={{L|ko}}== [[Category:{{ko}}|박]] {{ko-hanja|hangeul=[[박]]|eumhun=[[넓다|넓을]]|rv=bak|mr=pak|}} =={{L|vi}}== {{vi-han|bác}} ==文字情報== {{character info}} {{character info|0x2F82E}} {{文字コード|jis=1-39-78|mj={{mjmoji|007859|007860|007861|007862|059398}}|gb=B2A9|cns=1-5E3B|big5=B3D5|ksx=1001-5A4F}} {{検字|倉頡=JIBI|四角=4304.6}} {{点字|tenji6=256,136,245|tenji8=1356,234567}} {{字典|dj=0360.100|hdz=10066.020|大字源=926/927|大漢語林=1123/1124|康煕=0157.130|新大字典=1516/1517|新潮漢字=1139/1140|諸橋=2761/2761'}} ezdnzpwgd12878g8k0464fzwdxtrixl 0 30956 2278184 2150537 2026-06-01T12:42:01Z Daxidawiki 126582 Fix template 2278184 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|てきせつ}} =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanjitab|てき|せつ|yomi=o}} ==={{pron}}=== {{ja-pron|てきせつ|acc=0}} {{ja-accent-common|region=京阪|h||てきせつ}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|てきせつ}} #[[ぴったり]]と[[あてはまる]]こと。よく[[適合]]すること。 #:{{ant|ja|不適切}} ==={{adjectivenoun}}=== {{ja-adjectival noun|てきせつ}} {{日本語ダ活用}} ===={{trans}}==== *{{T|en}}: {{t|en|proper}}, {{t|en|appropriate}} *{{T|ko}}: {{t|ko|적절하다}} =={{L|zh}}== ==={{pron}}=== {{cmn-pron|shìqiè|h=y}} {{yue-pron|sik1 cit3}} {{nan-pron|sek-chhiat}} ==={{adjective}}=== {{zhchars}}(簡体字:[[适切]]) #うまく[[適合]]した。 ==={{adverb}}=== {{zhchars}}(簡体字:[[适切]]) #うまく適合して。 {{zh-cat|shi4qie4|形容詞|副詞}} {{yue-cat|sik1chit3|形容詞|副詞}} {{nan-cat|sek4chhiat4|形容詞|副詞}} rbk39pi3chfg2bzsxreccp44iany4g8 0 31643 2278507 2181278 2026-06-02T11:09:29Z M-30722 1202 2278507 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|はん}} {{kanji header|部画=刀:2+5|IVS=00|包摂注記=y}} {{kanji header|IVS=01|[[旧字体]]|section=no}} ===字源=== * [[形声文字|形声]]。「[[刀]]」 + [[音符]]「[[半]] {{phoneme|*PAN}}」。「[[わける]]」を意味する[[漢語]]｛[[判]] {{phoneme|*pʰˤanh}}｝を表す字。 {{字源}} ====参考文献==== * [[上古音]]は布之道『[http://www.kaom.net/sgy_bzd.php 広韻形声考]』による。 <references group="字源" /> =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanji|常用=ハン,バン|施策=教育:5|呉音=ハン|漢音=ハン|慣用音=バン|訓=わか-る}} ==={{noun}}=== [[Category:{{ja}} {{noun}}]] '''判''' #（'''ハン'''）[[判断]]。[[判定]]。 #（'''ハン'''）[[判決]]。 #（'''ハン'''）[[判子]]。[[印判]]。 #（'''ハン'''）書き判。[[花押]]。 #（'''ハン'''、'''バン'''）[[判型]]。紙や[[書籍]]の大きさ。 ===={{drv}}==== *[[判じる]] ===={{prov}}==== {{top}} *[[判官]] *[[判決]] *[[判子]] *[[判示]] *[[判事]] *[[判然]] *[[判断]] *[[判定]] *[[判読]] *[[判明]] *[[判例]] *[[印判]] *[[菊判]] *[[血判]] *[[小判]] *[[神判]] *[[裁判]] *[[審判]] *[[太鼓判]] *[[談判]] *[[批判]] *[[評判]] *[[連判]] *[[論判]] *[[A判]] *[[B判]] *[[C判]] {{bottom}} =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|pan4|動詞|常=1}} {{trans_link|zh|{{PAGENAME}}}} * '''ローマ字表記''' ** '''[[普通話]]''' *** '''[[ピンイン]]''': [[pàn]] ([[pan4]]) *** '''[[ウェード式]]''': p'an⁴ *** '''[[イェール式]]''': ** '''[[広東語]]''' *** '''[[ピンイン]]''': *** '''[[ウェード式]]''': *** '''[[イェール式]]''': pun3 ** '''[[閩南語]]''' *** '''[[POJ]]''': phòaⁿ ** '''[[客家語]]''' *** '''[[白話字]]''': phan ** '''[[呉語]]''' *** '''[[ピンイン]]''': phoe3 ==={{verb}}=== #[[判定]]する。 #[[判決]]を{{おくりがな2|出|だ|す|だす}}。 =={{L|ko}}== {{ko-han|판|pos=name|cat2=姓}} ==={{name}}=== #朝鮮人の[[姓]]の一つ。 =={{L|vi}}== {{vi-han|phán}} =={{コード}}== {{文字コード|jis=1-40-29|mj={{mjmoji|007491|007492|007493}}|gb=C5D0|cns=1-4932|big5=A750|ksx=1001-7777}} {{検字|倉頡=FQLN|四角=9250.0}} {{字典|dj=0311.120|hdz=10331.050|大字源=688/689|大漢語林=862/863|康煕=0138.110|新大字典=1161/1162|新潮漢字=861/862|諸橋=1923}} bri1jmgu8ncupvbh3ytknb17p98dkcq 0 32595 2278218 2177831 2026-06-01T19:11:59Z RoKouKok 112415 2278218 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kanji header|部画=目:5+4}} ===字源=== * [[初文]]は盾の形を象る[[象形文字]]。<ref group="字源">季旭昇撰 『説文新証』 芸文印書館、2014年、271-272頁。</ref>「[[たて]]」を意味する[[漢語]]｛[[盾]] {{phoneme|*mlunʔ}}｝を表す字。 * [[w:西周_(王朝)|西周]]中期以降の字形は未詳。一説に「[[允]] {{phoneme|*LUN}}」を[[音符]]とする[[形声文字]]。<ref group="字源">趙平安「説“盾”」『 吉林大学社会科学学報』2014年第1期、吉林大学、2014年、第8-10頁。</ref> {{字源}} * [[上古音]]は布之道『[http://www.kaom.net/sgy_bzd.php 広韻形声考]』による。 <references group="字源" /> ===意義=== # =={{L|ja}}== [[Category:{{ja}}]] {{ja-kanji|常用=ジュン,たて|呉音=ジュン,ドン|漢音=シュン,トン|訓=たて}} ==={{noun}}=== [[Category:{{ja}} {{noun}}|たて]] [[Category:{{ja}} 武器|たて]] #（'''[[たて]]'''）攻撃から体を守る[[防具]]。 =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|dun4|名詞|武器|常=1}} {{trans_link|zh|{{PAGENAME}}}} * '''ローマ字表記''' ** '''[[普通話]]''' *** '''[[ピンイン]]''': [[dùn]] ([[dun4]]) *** '''[[ウェード式]]''': tun⁴ *** '''[[注音符号]]''': ㄉㄨㄣˋ ** '''[[広東語]]''' *** '''[[イェール式]]''': teun5 ** '''[[閩南語]]''' *** '''[[POJ]]''': tún ** '''[[閩東語]]''' *** '''[[平話字]]''': dōng ** '''[[客家語]]''' *** '''[[白話字]]''': tún ** '''[[呉語]]''' *** '''[[ピンイン]]''': den2 ** '''[[中古音]]''': dwonX ** '''[[上古音]]''': *lˁunʔ {*lˁu[n]ʔ} ==={{noun}}=== #[[たて]]。 =={{L|ko}}== [[Category:{{ko}}|순]] {{ko-hanja|hangeul=[[순]], [[돈]]|eumhun=|rv=sun, don|mr=sun, ton|y=swun, ton}} =={{L|vi}}== {{vi-han|thuẫn|pos=noun|cat2=武器}} ==={{noun}}=== # [[たて]]。 ==文字情報== {{character info}} {{文字コード|jis=1-29-66|mj={{mjmoji|018136}}|gb=B6DC|cns=1-5261|big5=ACDE|ksx=1001-626A}} {{検字|倉頡=HJBU|四角=7226.4}} {{点字|tenji6=456,256,135|tenji8=1567,2345678}} {{字典|dj=1218.030|hdz=42475.050|大字源=6382|大漢語林=7517|康煕=0801.190|新大字典=10650|新潮漢字=7723|諸橋=23171}} qwwgtrxet7b4d68c1pkoufp015tsvhn 0 32630 2278222 2178112 2026-06-01T19:17:16Z RoKouKok 112415 2278222 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kanji header|部画=一:1+2|IVS=00|包摂注記=y}} {{kanji header|IVS=01|[[旧字体]]|section=no}} {{kanji variants|𠀋}} {{筆順}} ===字源=== *不明。「[[又]]」と「[[十]]」の形から構成される。 **一説に「十*」（｛[[盾]]｝の[[初文]]）を持ったさまを象る。<ref group="字源">白於藍 孔婷琰「釋“匙”」『出土文献』2026年第1期、中西書局、2026年、第1-17頁。</ref> **また一説に[[会意文字|会意]]。「[[又]]」 + 「[[十]]」。<ref group="字源">『漢語多功能字庫』「[https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E4%B8%88 丈]」</ref>十尺に等しい長さの単位を表す[[漢語]]｛[[丈]] {{phoneme|*lraŋʔ}}｝を表す字。 {{字源}} * [[上古音]]は布之道『[http://www.kaom.net/sgy_bzd.php 広韻形声考]』による。 <references group="字源" /> ===意義=== #長さの単位(約3.03m) #年輩の男性の呼び名に付ける =={{L|ja}}== [[Category:{{ja}}|しよう じょう]] {{ja-kanji|常用=ジョウ,たけ|呉音=ジョウ<ヂャゥ|漢音=チョウ<チャゥ|訓=たけ,だけ,ますら,とも}} ==={{noun}}=== [[Category:{{ja}}_{{noun}}|たけ]] #（たけ、ジョウ）[[ながさ|長さ]]、背の高さ、[[身長]]。 #（たけ）{{タグ|ja|衣類|jsort=たけ}}[[衣服]]の[[部分]]の長さ。 #（たけ）あるかぎりの[[すべて]]。 ==={{suffix}}=== [[Category:{{ja}}_{{suffix}}|しよう じょう]] #（ジョウ）{{タグ|ja|単位|jsort=じょう}}長さの単位。1丈=10[[尺]]。 ===={{prov}}==== *[[丈室]] *[[丈人]] *[[丈夫]] *[[丈母]] =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|zhang4|量詞|単位|動詞|常=1|hsk=乙}} {{trans_link|zh|{{PAGENAME}}}} {{cmn-pron|zhàng,sàn}} {{yue-pron|zoeng6}} {{nan-pron|xm,tp,kh,yl,tc,hc,sx,km,mg,ph:tiūⁿ/zz,tn:tiōⁿ/qz,lk:tiǔⁿ/pn:tiāuⁿ/xm,zz,tw:tn̄g/qz:tňg/xm,tw:tiōng/zz:tiāng/qz:tiǒng}} {{cdo-pron|dâung/diông/tiông}} *客家語 **[[白話字]]: chhong, chhông *呉語 **通用呉語拼音: zan3, dzan2, dzan3, zan2, za3, jian3 **呉語学堂式ピンイン: 6zan, 4dzan, 6dzan, 4zan, 6za, 4za, 6jian *[[中古音]]: drjangX *[[上古音]]: **白一平-サガール: *[d]raŋʔ **鄭張: *daŋʔ ===量詞=== #長さの単位。1丈=10[[尺]]（約3.3333[[メートル]]）。 ==={{verb}}=== #（土地の長さや面積を）[[測量]]する。 =={{L|ko}}== {{ko-han|장|eumhun=[[어른]] 장|pos=依|cat2=単位}} ===依存名詞=== #長さの単位。1丈=10[[尺]]。 #（漢数詞と共に用いて）人の[[せたけ|背丈]]ほどの[[たかさ|高さ]]を表す。 ==={{prov}}=== * {{l|ko|장모}} &lt;[[丈母]]&gt; * {{l|ko|장부}} &lt;[[丈夫]]&gt; * {{l|ko|장인}} &lt;[[丈人]]&gt; =={{L|vi}}== {{vi-han|trượng}} ==文字情報== {{character info}} {{文字コード|jis=1-30-70|mj={{mjmoji|006303|006304}}|gb=D5C9|cns=1-4437|big5=A456|ksx=1001-6D5B}} {{検字|倉頡=JK|四角=5000.0}} {{点字|tenji6=46,236,135|tenji8=156,45678}} {{字典|dj=0137.080|hdz=10009.020|大字源=7/8|大漢語林=12|康煕=0076.040|新大字典=10|新潮漢字=12/13|諸橋=11}} [[カテゴリ:IICORE]] lamph6cs4gu59epki99xuuf2rsrbe7q 0 32694 2278535 2220120 2026-06-02T11:32:10Z ~2026-32767-11 131767 /* 漢字 */ 2278535 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|せき}} ==漢字== {{kanji|斤|1}} {{kanji variants|𭙕=[[簡体字]]}} ===字源=== 「斥」には二種類の字が存在する（別字衝突）。 # 「セキ」と読む字。「[[厇]]」の形が簡略化された[[異体字]]<ref group="字源">季旭昇撰 『説文新証』 芸文印書館、2014年、724-725頁。<br>石小力 「尺度同源分化説」 首届出土文献語言文字研究学術研討会、2022年12月17日。</ref>。 #: [[形声文字|形声]]。音符「厂 {{phoneme|*TAK}}」（「[[石]]」の原字）+音符「[[乇]] {{phoneme|*TAK}}」。[[仮借]]して「[[おしのける]]」を意味する漢語｛[[斥]] {{phoneme|*thak}}｝に用いる。 # 「ソ」と読む字。「[[㡿]]」の形が簡略化された異体字で、「[[訴]]」や「[[泝]]」に含まれる。 #: [[形声文字|形声]]。「厂」（「石」の原字）+音符「[[屰]] {{phoneme|*SNGAK}}」。 <references group="字源" /> ===意義=== # [[しりぞける]]。[[おいはらう]]。 #* [[斥資]]<!--資金を費やして払う-->、[[斥力]]、[[排斥]] #* 対義字：'''[[引]]''' # [[せめる]]。[[とがめる]]。 #* [[申斥]]、[[怒斥]]、[[貶斥]] =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanji|常用=セキ|呉音=シャク|漢音=セキ|訓=しりぞ-ける}} ===={{prov}}==== * [[斥力]] * [[排斥]] * [[斥候]] =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|chi4|常=1}} {{trans_link|zh|{{PAGENAME}}}} * '''ローマ字表記''' ** '''[[普通話]]''' *** '''[[ピンイン]]''': [[chì]] ([[chi4]]) *** '''[[ウェード式]]''': ch'ih⁴ ** '''[[広東語]]''' *** '''[[イェール式]]''': chik1 =={{L|ko}}== {{ko-han|척}} =={{L|vi}}== {{vi-han|xịch}} =={{コード}}== {{文字コード|jis=1-32-45|mj={{mjmoji|013075|057624}}|gb=B3E2|cns=1-4658|big5=A5B8|ksx=1001-742E}} {{検字|倉頡=HMY|四角=7223.1, 7224.1,7223.1}} {{字典|dj=0837.240|hdz=32022.030|大字源=3744|大漢語林=4355|康煕=0479.050|新大字典=6266/6267|新潮漢字=4463|諸橋=13535}} r37r5cw51jhzlshhufysy83bdk5vme0 0 33269 2278253 2277713 2026-06-02T04:23:55Z TAKA647 91604 2278253 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|ま}} ==漢字== {{kanji|鬼|11|IVS=00|包摂注記=y}} {{kanji|鬼|11|IVS=01|t=[[旧字体]]}} {{kanji variants|[[image:RYAKUJI_ma.png|40px]]=[[略字]]}} ===字源=== * [[形声文字|形声]]。「[[鬼]]」+音符「[[麻]]」。 ** 唐代以降に見られる文字で、仏教の悪鬼[[w:マーラ|マーラ]]の漢音訳『'''[[魔羅]]'''』を表記するために造字されたものといわれる。 *（誤説）形声。「鬼」＋音符「麻」（しびれる）。しびれさせ正気でなくさせるさま。これはこじつけ的な説であり、音符は意味を持つものではない。 ===意義=== #[[梵語]]の音訳に使われる字。 #人を正気でなくさせる異界の物。 #人が正気でない状態。 #*[[色魔]]、[[放火魔]]、[[魔が差す]] =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanji|常用=マ|呉音=マ|漢音=バ|宋音=モ}} ==={{noun}}=== [[Category:{{ja}} {{noun}}]] {{wikipedia}} * （'''[[ま]]'''） #{{タグ|ja|宗教}}[[宗教]]等において、[[誘惑]]などして正しい道に進もうとするものを[[妨害]]するもの。 # 不気味でまがまがしいこと。害をなすこと。細心の注意を要すること。 #*魔の三歳児。魔の交差点。魔の時間帯。 ==={{suffix}}=== [[Category:{{ja}} {{suffix}}]] * （'''[[ま]]'''） # 異常なほど熱心な人。 #*電話魔。メモ魔。 ==={{idiom}}=== *[[好事魔多し]] *[[魔が差す]] ==={{prov}}=== {{top}} *[[悪魔]] *[[天魔]] *[[伏魔殿]] *[[魔王]] *[[魔界]] *[[魔境]] *[[魔窟]] *[[魔剣]] *[[魔手]] *[[魔術]] *[[魔女]] *[[魔性]] *[[魔法]] *[[魔防]] *[[魔方陣]] *[[魔物]] *[[魔羅]] {{bottom}} =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|mo2|常=1}} {{trans_link|zh|{{PAGENAME}}}} * '''ローマ字表記''' ** '''[[普通話]]''' *** '''[[ピンイン]]''': [[mó]] ([[mo2]]) *** '''[[ウェード式]]''': mo² *** '''[[注音符号]]''': ㄇㄛˊ ** '''[[広東語]]''' *** '''[[イェール式]]''': mo1 =={{L|ko}}== {{ko-han|마|eumhun=마귀 마|pos=noun}} ==={{noun}}=== #魔。 #[[悪魔]]。 =={{L|vi}}== {{vi-han|ma}} =={{コード}}== {{文字コード|jis=1-43-66|mj={{mjmoji|029039|029040}}|gb=C4A7|cns=1-7B49|big5=C55D|全={{全字庫|97097}}|ksx=1001-582A|kps=9566-DAB1|tcvn=6056-6C66}} {{検字|四角=0021.3|倉頡=ICHUI,IDHI,IDHUI}} {{字典|康煕=1462.670|gy=162.45|諸橋=45906/45906'|新潮漢字=14668/14669|大字源=11728/11729|新字源=12924/12925|新大字典=19946/19947|大漢語林=13303/13304|dj=1997.020|ch=1524.101|hdz=74436.110|cowles=2735|nelson=5398|matthews=4545|mw=1862}} smt6v6eu3phz78o2d06326uw8n56ccv 0 33642 2278567 2268451 2026-06-02T11:45:41Z Kuroco2k 84207 2278567 wikitext text/x-wiki {{wikipedia|ロボット}} =={{L|it}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{head|it|noun|g=m}} {{inv}} #{{context|機械|lang=it}}[[ロボット]]。 #{{context|情報技術|lang=it}}[[ボット]]。 ===={{drv}}==== *[[robot da cucina]] =={{L|en}}== ==={{etym}}=== * {{etyl|cs}} {{m|cs|robot}} < {{m|cs|robota}} ==={{pron}}=== * {{a|UK}} {{IPA|lang=en|ˈɹəʊbɒt}} * {{a|US}} {{IPA|lang=en|ˈɹoʊbɑt|ˈɹoʊbət}} * {{音声|en|en-us-robot.ogg|a=US}} ==={{noun}}=== {{en-noun}} #{{context|機械|lang=en}}[[ロボット]]。 #{{context|交通|South Africa|lang=en}}[[信号機]]。 ===={{drv}}==== * [[bot]], [[infobot]], [[microbot]], [[nanobot]], [[robocop]], [[robodoc]], [[robotic]], [[robotics]], [[robotize]], [[telerobotic]] ===={{rel}}==== * [[android]], [[animatronics]], [[augmenter]], [[automaton]], [[body-popping]], [[computer]], [[cyborg]], [[dummy]], [[golem]], [[humanoid]], [[iron man]], [[puppet]], [[teleoperator]], [[transformer]] * {{prov}}: [[industrial robot]], [[robot bomb]], [[search robot]] =={{L|nl}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{nl-noun|g=m|g2=n|robots|pl2=robotten|robotje}} #{{context|機械|lang=nl}}[[ロボット]]。 =={{L|ca}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|cs|ca}} [[robot]] ==={{noun}}=== {{ca-noun|m}} #{{context|機械|lang=ca}}[[ロボット]]。 ===={{rel}}==== *[[robòtica]] =={{L|sv}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{sv-noun|g=c}} #{{context|機械|lang=sv}}[[ロボット]]。 #{{context|武器|lang=sv}}[[ミサイル]]。 #:{{syn|sv|missil|robotvapen}} {{sv-infl-noun-c-ar}} =={{L|es}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{es-noun|m}} #{{context|機械|lang=es}}[[ロボット]]。 ===={{rel}}==== * [[robótica]] =={{L|sl}}== ==={{pron}}=== * {{IPA|lang=sl|rɔˈbóːt}} ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|cs|sl}} robot ==={{noun}}=== {{sl-noun|g=m|a=i|dual=robota|pl=roboti}} #{{context|機械|lang=sl}}[[ロボット]]。 ===={{decl}}==== {{sl-decl-noun |主格単数 = robot |主格双数 = robota |主格複数 = roboti |生格単数 = robota |生格双数 = robota |生格複数 = robote |与格単数 = robota |与格双数 = robotov |与格複数 = robotov |対格単数 = robotu |対格双数 = robotoma |対格複数 = robotom |前置格単数 = robotu |前置格双数 = robotih |前置格複数 = robotih |造格単数 = robotom |造格双数 = robotoma |造格複数 = roboti }} =={{L|sh}}== ==={{pron}}=== * {{IPA|lang=sh|rôbot}} ==={{noun}}=== {{sh-noun+|g=m|head=rȍbot}} #{{context|機械|lang=sh}}[[ロボット]]。 ===={{decl}}==== {{sh-decl-noun|robot|roboti|robota|robota|robotu|robotima|robot|robote|robote|roboti|robotu|robotima|robotom|robotima}} =={{L|cs}}== ==={{etym}}=== * [[w:カレル・チャペック]] 作の戯曲“[[w:R.U.R.|Rossum's Universal '''Robot'''s]]”で用いられた造語の[[robota]]とされる。 ==={{noun}}=== {{cs-noun|g=m}} #{{context|機械|lang=cs}}[[ロボット]]。 ===={{decl}}==== {{cs-ndecl|<m.an>}} ===={{rel}}==== *[[robotika]] *[[robota]] *[[robit]] =={{L|tr}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|cs|tr}} robot ==={{noun}}=== {{head|tr|noun}} #{{context|機械|lang=tr}}[[ロボット]]。 ===={{decl}}==== {{tr-decl-noun|robot|robotlar|robotu|robotları|robota|robotlara|robotta|robotlarda|robottan|robotlardan|robotun|robotların}} =={{L|hu}}== ===Pronunciation=== * {{hu-IPA}} * {{hyph|hu|ro|bot}} ==={{etym}}1=== {{etyl|bar|hu}} {{m|bar|robat}}, {{m|bar|robold}} < {{etyl|cs|hu}} {{m|cs|robota||強制労働、重労働}} ===={{noun}}==== {{hu-noun|ok}} #{{context|歴史|lang=hu}}[[徭役]]、徴用労働者 #{{context|figuratively|lang=hu}}[[苦役]]、[[重労働]] ====={{decl}}===== {{hu-infl-nom|roboto|o}} {{hu-pos-otok|robot|j|jai}} ====={{drv}}===== * {{l|hu|robotol}} * {{l|hu|robotos}} ==={{etym}}2=== {{etyl|cs|hu}} {{m|cs|robot}} < {{m|cs|robota||強制労働、重労働}} 1921年のカレル・チャペックのSF劇『[[W:R.U.R.|R.U.R. (ロッサム万能ロボット会社)]]』で作られた語 ===={{noun}}==== {{hu-noun|ok}} #{{context|機械|lang=hu}}[[ロボット]]。 ====={{decl}}===== {{hu-infl-nom|roboto|o}} {{hu-pos-otok|robot|j|jai}} ====={{drv}}===== *[[robotember]] *[[robotgép]] *[[robotpilóta]] *[[robotrepülőgép]] ===参考文献=== * {{R:ErtSz}} =={{L|fr}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|cs|fr}} ==={{pron}}=== *{{IPA|lang=fr|ʁo.bo}} ==={{noun}}=== {{fr-noun|m}} #{{context|機械|lang=fr}}[[ロボット]]。 =={{L|pl}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etym|cs|pl}} robot ==={{pron}}=== * {{IPA|lang=pl|[ˈrɔbɔt̪]}} * {{kanahyoki|pl|'''ロ'''ボト}} ==={{noun}}=== {{pl-noun|m}} #{{context|機械|lang=pl}}[[ロボット]]。 ===={{decl}}==== {{pl-decl-noun|robot|roboty|robota|robotów|robotowi|robotom|robota|roboty|robotem|robotami|robocie|robotach|robocie|roboty}} 4lu1q7hiuin4ykiijoqtugx9ty5g9zl 0 36142 2278527 2037857 2026-06-02T11:22:22Z ~2026-32767-11 131767 /* {{prov}} */ 2278527 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kanji header|部画=禾:5+2}} {{kanji variants|秃=[[付録:現代漢語常用字表・常用字|現代漢語常用字表]]における字体}} ===字源=== * 「[[秀]]」の下部を「[[人]]」に入れ替えた[[異体字]]<ref group="字源">郭永秉 「関於「穗、秀」問題的一封信」 『金石有声――文献与文字断想』 上海人民出版社、2021年、144-151頁。</ref>。のち[[仮借]]して「[[はげる]]」を意味する漢語｛[[禿]] {{phoneme|*hlook}}｝に用いる。 <references group="字源" /> ===意義=== #頭に毛がない、[[はげ]]。 #頭から毛が抜ける、[[はげる]]。 #帽子などをかぶらず、頭がむき出しの。 #（日本）[[かむろ]]。 =={{L|ja}}== [[Category:{{ja}}]] {{ja-kanji|施策=表外字体:印刷標準:トク|呉音=トク|漢音=トク|訓=ちび-る,かむろ,は-げる,はげ}} ==={{prov}}=== *[[禿頭]] *[[かぶろ]] *[[禿筆]] *[[禿髪]] =={{L|zh}}== [[Category:{{zh}}|tu1]] {{trans_link|zh|{{PAGENAME}}}} * '''ローマ字表記''' ** '''[[普通話]]''' *** '''[[ピンイン]]''': [[tū]] (tu1) *** '''[[ウェード式]]''': t'u¹ ** '''[[広東語]]''' *** '''[[イェール式]]''': tuk1 =={{L|ko}}== [[Category:{{ko}}|독]] {{ko-hanja|hangeul=[[독]]|eumhun=대머리 독|rv=dok|mr=tok|y=tok}} =={{L|vi}}== {{vi-han|thóc}} ==文字情報== {{character info}} {{文字コード|jis=1-38-37|mj={{mjmoji|018991}}|gb=B664|cns=1-4B35|big5=A872|ksx=1001-543E}} {{検字|倉頡=HDHU|四角=2021.7, 2021.9,2021.7}} {{字典|dj=1270.150|大字源=6783|大漢語林=677|康煕=0849.020|新大字典=11298|新潮漢字=8184|諸橋=24910}} m1eu0pb2pw3y1agimrdrv4vu0ft4vwd 0 37078 2278214 2193572 2026-06-01T18:49:02Z RoKouKok 112415 2278214 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|シ}} ==漢字== {{kanji|羽|4}} {{kanji|羽|4|c=<span lang="zh">{{PAGENAME}}</span>|t=[[拡張新字体]]/中国での字形}} {{kanji variants|翄=[[動用字]]|翤|翨|𦑧|𦑡|趐|鳷|𦐊|𱻘|𮊼|䧴|啻=字義3}} {{筆順}} ===字源=== * [[形声文字|形声]]。「[[羽]]」+[[音符]]「[[支]] {{phoneme|*KE}}」。「[[はね]]」を意味する[[漢語]]｛[[翅]] {{phoneme|*ŋ̊eh}}｝を表す字。 {{字源}} <references group="字源" /> ===字義=== #{{ふりがな|翼|つばさ}}。{{ふりがな|羽|はね}}。{{ふりがな|鳥|とり}}や[[昆虫]]の羽。主に虫に対して使うことが多い。 #{{おくりがな2|飛|と|ぶ|とぶ}}さま。 #*[[翅翅]] #「[[啻]]」の[[通字]]。[[ただ]]。ただに。 =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanji|施策=表外字体:印刷標準:シ|呉音=シ|漢音=シ|訓=ただ;啻,はね,つばさ|古訓=ひひる,とぶ,はかる,かぎる;{{w|名義抄}}・{{w|字鏡集}}}} ==={{prov}}=== {{col3|lang=ja|翅羽|翅影|翅翮|翅菜|翅翅|翅人|翅翼|翅翎|羽翅|遠翅|開翅|解翅|鶴翅|翕翅|矯翅|鼓翅|広翅|四翅|弱翅|収翅|秋翅|戢翅|舒翅|振翅|垂翅|青翅|折翅|雪翅|双翅|短翅|長翅|鳥翅|展翅|騰翅|比翅|飛翅|尾翅|奮翅|鳳翅|毛翅|揺翅|翼翅|鸞翅|両翅|斂翅}} ===参考文献=== {{書誌・コトバンク|word=翅|author=普及版 {{w|字通}}|accessdate=2026-02-28}} =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|chi4|常=1}} [[Category:{{zhx-sic}}|zi4]] [[Category:{{dng}}|цы1]] [[Category:{{yue}}|chi3]] [[Category:{{gan}}|ci3]] [[Category:{{hak}}|cih4]] [[Category:{{cjy}}|ci3]] [[Category:{{mnp}}|chi4]] [[Category:{{cdo}}|chie3]] [[Category:{{nan}}|chhi3]] [[Category:{{nan-tws}}|ti3]] [[Category:{{cpx}}|ci4]] [[Category:{{wuu}}|tshy3]] [[Category:{{hsn}}|chr4]] {{zh-han|m=chì,chìr|m-s=zi4|dg=цы1|c=ci3|c-t=ci1|g=ci3|pfs=chhṳ/sṳ/cih/ti|hrs=shiˇ|gd=ci4/chii5/chi5|j=ci3|mb=chi̿|md=chié|mn=chhì/ml:sì|mn-t=ti3/ci3|px=pt,jk,nr,xy,yy,ft:ci4|w=5tshy,5tsy|x=chr4|mc=y|oc=y}} ===={{syn}}==== {{zh-dial|翅膀}} ==={{prov}}=== {{col3|lang=zh|列翅|前翅|垂翅|大拉翅|大翅鯨|奮翅|展翅|展翅高飛|扇涼翅兒|振翅高飛|插翅|插翅難逃|插翅難飛|有翅難飛|歡翅|白翅|翅兒|翅子|翅果|翅脈|翅膀|翅膀硬|腋翅|膜翅類|舉翅|落翅仔|薄翅黃蝶|起翅|金翅擘海|金翅雀|雁翅|雙翅類|鞘翅|騰翅子|魚翅|鯤鵬展翅|鼻翅兒|無翅|不翅|何翅|半翅|垂天翅|垂頭塌翅|塌翅|奚翅|平翅|弱翅|折翅|接翅|搨翅|斂翅|曬翅|梅花翅|烏翅|猛虎插翅|皓翅|秋翅|羽翅|翅人|翅席|翅影|翅扇毛|翅楞楞|翅羽|翅翎|翅翮|翅翰|翅翼|翅趫|翅鞘|肉翅虎|著翅人|蟬翅|蟬翅搨|蹋翅|軟翅紗巾|輕翅|金翅|金翅扇|金翅鳥|鎩翅|鐵翅|高翅帽|鯊翅|鱗翅目|鳳凰曬翅|鳳曬翅|鳳皇曬翅|鳳翅|鳳翅盔|鶻翅|鸞翅|麟角虎翅|鼓翅|鼻翅|刀翅蜂鳥}} =={{L|ko}}== {{ko-han|시|eumhun=[[날개]] 시}} =={{コード}}== {{文字コード|jis=1-70-34|mj={{mjmoji|020665|020666}}|gb=B3E1|cns=1-5750|全={{全字庫|87888}}|big5=AFCD|ksx=1001-6347|kps=9566-E5AE}} {{検字|倉頡=JESMM|四角=4740.2}} {{字典|dj=1401.100|hdz=53342.160|大字源=7696|大漢語林=9014|康煕=0955.280|新大字典=12783|新潮漢字=9337|諸橋=28642|ch=1074.301|広韻=348.39|vt=A03233}} iupq1i8qd2dtrg6rk81ia0ugi9g2mpu 0 41346 2278260 2025644 2026-06-02T06:14:55Z Daxidawiki 126582 Fix template 2278260 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|いんぞく}} #[[配偶者]]の[[血族]]又は血族の[[配偶者]]。 #血族の[[再婚]][[あいて|相手]]の[[子孫]]。 #[[直系]][[尊属]]の再婚相手の血族。 ===={{trans}}==== {{top}} *{{T|en}}: {{t|en|in-law}} *{{T|es}}: {{t|es|[[relativo]] ([[político]])|m}} *{{T|fr}}: {{t|fr|beau-|m}}, {{t|fr|belle-|f}} {{mid}} *{{T|la}}: {{t|la|[[relativus]] ([[politicus]])|m}} *{{T|nl}}: {{t|nl|aangetrouwd familielid}}, {{t|nl|schoonfamilie|p}} *{{T|sv}}: {{t|sv|släkting genom giftermål}}, {{t|sv|ingift}} {{bottom}} dds8xinkjwlmy8sd1oi9w16u8fwjwbt 0 43470 2278189 2074170 2026-06-01T13:07:10Z うーむ 129171 /* 同音異義語 */ 2278189 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|ふじ|ぶし|ぶじ}} {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} =={{ja}}== [[Category:{{ja}}]] === {{noun}}:五倍子・付子・附子 === [[Category:{{ja}} {{noun}}]] [[Category:{{ja}} 季語 秋]] '''ふし''' 【[[五]][[倍]][[子]], [[付]]子, [[附]]子】 # [[ぬるで|ヌルデ]]に[[あぶらむし|アブラムシ]]が[[寄生]]した時にできる[[こぶ]]。（秋の季語） ==={{noun}}:節=== '''ふし''' 【[[節]]】 # [[たけ|竹]]の[[くき|茎]]にある[[ふくれる|膨れ]]た[[部分]]。 # 板に残る枝のあと。 # [[関節]]。 # 区切り。節目。 # [[おり]]。[[機会]]。 # そのように見受けられる様子。疑いを持たれるような[[痕跡]]。 # [[和楽]]の[[旋律]]。 # 文や詩などを読むときの[[抑揚]]。 # ゆでた[[魚肉]]を[[燻蒸]]した[[食品]]。さらに天日干しや黴つけの工程を加えることもある。 #* 鰹節。なまり節。削り節。 # [[定常波]]{{wp|定常波}}で、[[振動]]していない[[部分]]。 #* {{ant}}: [[はら|腹]] ===={{trans}}==== ;竹の膨れた部分 :*{{en}}: {{t+|en|joint}} ;旋律 :*{{en}}: {{t+|en|melody}} ;定常波の部分 :*{{en}}: {{t+|en|node}} ==={{noun}}:柴=== '''ふし''' 【[[柴]]】 # [[しば]]。 ==={{homonym}}=== [[Category:{{ja}} 同音異義]] '''{{PAGENAME}}''' *【[[不死]]】[[永遠]]に[[しぬ|死な]]ないこと。 *【[[俯視]]】[[たかい|高い]][[ところ|所]]から[[みおろす|見下ろす]]こと。 *【[[浮子]]】[[漁]]や[[つり|釣り]]に[[もちいる|用いる]][[うき|浮き]]。 *【[[父子]]】1.[[ちち|父]]と[[こ|子]]のこと。2.特に、[[母親]]を[[かく|欠い]]た父と子。 *【[[府紙]]】[[特定]]の府を対象とする[[新聞]]。 *【[[府史]]】大阪府や京都府の歴史。 *【[[富士]]】富める人。 c8j5wc0fd4ccfof90tzdcu1ooe54wn5 0 43661 2278355 1785804 2026-06-02T08:38:58Z M-30722 1202 2278355 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DEFAULTSORT:ของลเอน ของเล่น}} =={{L|th}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{affix|th|ของ|เล่น|t1=物|t2=遊ぶ}} ==={{pron}}=== {{th-pron|ของ-เล็่น}} *{{kanahyoki|th|コーン（グ）・レン}} ==={{noun}}=== {{th-noun|head=[[ของ]][[เล่น]]}} #{{topcat|th|玩具}}[[おもちゃ]]、[[玩具]]。 ===={{syn}}==== * {{l|th|ของเด็กเล่น}} fkyjqknk8mq77eq4uxid1ju7t15mifc 0 43849 2278352 1919660 2026-06-02T08:36:41Z M-30722 1202 2278352 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|がんぐ}} {{wikipedia}} =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanjitab|がん|ぐ|yomi=o}} ==={{etym}}=== * [[もてあそぶ|'''玩'''(もてあそ)ぶ]][[道具|道'''具''']]。 ==={{pron}}=== {{ja-pron|おもちゃ|acc=2}} {{ja-pron|がんぐ|acc=1}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[がんぐ]]|[[おもちゃ]]}} #{{topcat|ja|玩具}}[[て|手]]に[[もつ|持って]][[あそぶ|遊べる]]ように[[つくる|作られて]]ある[[道具]]。 #*[[その]][[ひくい|低い]][[やね|屋根]]の[[した|下]]には[[露店]]が[[つづく|続き]]、[[かるい|軽い]]'''玩具'''や[[かなもの|金物]]が[[あふれかえる|溢れ返っ]]て[[ひかる|光っ]]ていた。（{{w|横光利一}}『街の底』） ===={{rel}}==== * {{ふりがな|手遊び|てあそび|yomi2=てすさび}}, [[てなぐさみ|手慰み]], [[玩物]], [[玩弄物]], [[遊具]], [[トイ]] ===={{trans}}==== {{trans-see|おもちゃ}} =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|wan2ju4|名詞|hsk=丁|hsk2=5}} {{topcat|zh|玩具}} {{yue-cat|wun6geui6|名詞}} {{topcat|yue|玩具}} {{nan-cat|goan2ku7|名詞}} {{topcat|nan|玩具}} {{nan-tws-cat|nguang2gu6|名詞}} {{topcat|nan-tws|玩具}} {{hak-cat|nguan2khi3|名詞}} {{topcat|hak|玩具}} {{wuu-cat|woe3jiu3|名詞}} {{topcat|wuu|玩具}} ==={{pron}}=== {{cmn-pron|wánjù|h=y|a=y}} {{yue-pron|wun6 geoi6|a=LL-Q9186-Luilui6666-玩具.wav|t=ngon5 gui5,ngon5 gui5*}} {{nan-pron|xm,qz:oán-kū/zz:oán-kī/tw:goán-khū/twvk:goán-kī/twvt:goán-kū|t=nguang2 gu6}} {{hak-pron|ngòan-khí}} {{wuu-pron|sh:6woe jiu}} ==={{noun}}=== {{zhchars}} # 玩具、[[おもちゃ]]。 =={{L|ko}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ko-head|noun|완구}} #{{topcat|ko|玩具}}玩具、[[おもちゃ]]。 ovhy45soi9vgszlu3yu6li8twhbzyvi 0 43904 2278300 1919671 2026-06-02T06:47:10Z Jiba1219 100610 2278300 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|いじ}} =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanjitab|い|じ|yomi=o}} ==={{pron}}=== {{ja-pron|いじ|acc=1|acc_ref=DJR}} {{ja-accent-common|region=京阪|a|い|じ}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun-suru|[[いじ]]}} #[[一定]]の[[水準]]を[[たもつ|保ち]]続けること。 #*[[しつけ]]の[[よい]][[家庭]]を'''維持'''しながら、よい[[しごと|仕事]]も[[できる|出来る]]という[[政治家]]も[[ある|あっ]]てよいと[[おもう|思い]]ます。（[[w:太宰治|太宰治]]『政治家と家庭』） ===={{syn}}==== *[[保持]] ===={{trans}}==== *{{T|en}}: {{t|en|maintenance}} ==={{verb}}=== ===={{conjug}}==== {{日本語サ変活用}} ===={{trans}}==== {{top}} *{{T|en}}: {{t|en|maintain}} *{{T|no}}: *:{{T|nb}}: {{t|no|vedlikehold|n}} {{bottom}} ===脚注=== {{Reflist}} =={{L|zh}}== ==={{pron}}=== {{cmn-pron|wéichí|a=Zh-wéichí.ogg}} {{yue-pron|wai4 ci4}} {{nan-pron|ml:ûi-chhî/xm,qz,tw:î-chhî/xm:bî-tî/zz:ûi-tî|t=rui5 ti5}} {{hak-pron|vì-chhṳ̀|h=vui chi}} {{wuu-pron|sh:6vi zy}} ==={{verb}}=== {{zhchars|s=维持}} #維持する。 {{zh-cat|wei2chi2|動詞}} {{yue-cat|wai4chi4|動詞}} {{nan-cat|i5chhi5|動詞}} {{nan-tws-cat|rui5ti5|動詞}} {{hak-cat|vi2chhii2|動詞}} {{wuu-cat|vi1zy1|動詞}} =={{L|ko}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ko-head|noun|유지}} #（日本語に同じ）維持。 0o9q2bjndfh34rzofp4sy3tp1yi5rfs 0 46903 2278295 1392213 2026-06-02T06:34:08Z Jiba1219 100610 2278295 wikitext text/x-wiki {{wikipedia|DAN|dan}} {{seeup}} ==記号== [[カテゴリ:記号]] ==={{code}}=== '''{{PAGENAME}}''' # {{ISO639-23}}。 ===={{etym}}==== *{{da}}:[[dansk|'''dan'''sk]]等。 =={{L|id}}== [[カテゴリ:{{id}}]] ==={{conjunction}}=== [[カテゴリ:{{id}}_{{conjunction}}]] '''dan''' #（等位接続）～[[と]]、{{おくりがな|及|び|および}}。 #（順接）[[そして]]。 =={{L|cy}}== [[カテゴリ:{{cy}}]] ==={{preposition}}=== [[カテゴリ:{{cy}}_{{preposition}}]] '''dan''' # ～の{{ふりがな|下|した}}に。 =={{L|vo}}== [[Category:{{vo}}]] ==={{noun}}=== {{vo-noun}} #[[感謝]]。 {{vo-decl-noun}} =={{L|en}}== [[カテゴリ:{{en}}]] ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|jpn|en}} [[段]]([[だん]]) ==={{pron}}=== [[ファイル:en-us-dan.ogg]] ==={{noun}}=== {{en-noun}} # [[段]]。[[格闘技]]で{{ふりがな|黒帯|くろおび}}の地位。 # 黒帯保有者。 =={{L|nl}}== [[カテゴリ:{{nl}}]] ==={{pron}}=== [[ファイル:Nl-dan.ogg]] ==={{adverb}}=== [[カテゴリ:{{nl}}_{{adverb}}]] '''dan''' # [[その]]時、[[当時]]。 ==={{conjunction}}=== [[カテゴリ:{{nl}}_{{conjunction}}]] '''dan''' # ～[[より]]も #* ''[[ik|Ik]] [[ben]] [[ouder]] '''dan''' [[jij]].'': 私はあなたより年上だ ==={{noun}}=== [[カテゴリ:{{nl}}_{{noun}}]] '''dan''' # [[段]]。[[格闘技]]で{{ふりがな|黒帯|くろおび}}の地位。 ==== {{etym}}: {{noun}}==== {{etyl|jpn|nl}} [[段]]([[だん]]) =={{L|gl}}== [[カテゴリ:{{gl}}]] ==={{verb}}=== [[カテゴリ:{{gl}}_{{verb}}_{{form}}]] # '''[[dar]]'''の直説法三人称複数現在形。 =={{L|ku}}== [[カテゴリ:{{ku}}]] ==={{verb}}=== [[カテゴリ:{{ku}}_{{verb}}]] '''dan''' # {{おくりがな|与|える|あたえる}}。 =={{L|sv}}== [[カテゴリ:{{sv}}]] ==={{noun}}=== [[カテゴリ:{{sv}}_{{noun}}_{{form}}]] '''dan''' # ''[[dag]]''（[[暦日]]）の定形のひとつ。 =={{L|es}}== [[カテゴリ:{{es}}]] ==={{verb}}=== [[カテゴリ:{{es}}_{{verb}}_{{form}}]] # '''[[dar]]'''の直説法二人称複数現在形。 # '''[[dar]]'''の直説法三人称複数現在形。 =={{L|sl}}== [[カテゴリ:{{sl}}]] ==={{etym}}=== [[w:スラヴ祖語|スラヴ祖語]] *dьnь ==={{noun}}=== {{sl-noun|g=m|dual=dni|dual2=dneva|pl=dnevi|pl2=dnova}} # （暦）{{ふりがな|日|ひ}}。 {{sl-decl-noun |主格単数 = dan |主格双数 = dni |主格双数2 = dneva |主格複数 = dnevi |主格複数2 = dnova |生格単数 = dne |生格単数2 = dneva |生格双数 = dni |生格複数 = dni |与格単数 = dan |与格双数 = dni |与格双数2 = dneva |与格複数 = dnevi |与格複数2 = dneva |与格複数3 = dnove |対格単数 = dne |対格単数2 = dnevu |対格双数 = dnema |対格双数2 = dnevoma |対格複数 = dnem |対格複数2 = dnevom |前置格単数 = dne |前置格単数2 = dnevu |前置格双数 = dneh |前置格双数2 = dnevih |前置格複数 = dneh |前置格複数2 = dnevih |造格単数 = dnem |造格単数2 = dnevom |造格双数 = dnema |造格双数2 = dnevoma |造格複数 = dnemi |造格複数2 = dnevi |造格複数3 = dnovi }} ===参考: {{sk}}=== * [[dober dan]] =={{L|sh}}== [[カテゴリ:{{sh}}]] ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|sla-pro|sh}} {{recons|dьnь|lang=sla-pro}} ==={{noun}}=== {{head|sh|noun|g=m|head=dȃn|キリル文字|[[дан|да̑н]]}} # （暦）{{ふりがな|日|ひ}}。 =={{L|ms}}== [[カテゴリ:{{ms}}]] ==={{conjunction}}=== [[カテゴリ:{{ms}}_{{conjunction}}]] '''dan''' #（等位接続）～[[と]]、{{おくりがな|及|び|および}}。 #（順接）[[そして]]。 ljwqseglq7irrr1gwc8fg3i8s04r47r 0 46979 2278565 1661230 2026-06-02T11:45:42Z Kuroco2k 84207 2278565 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|hôtel}} =={{L|cs}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{cs-noun|g=m}} #[[簡易]][[宿泊所]]、[[ホステル]]。 ===={{decl}}==== {{cs-ndecl|<m.hard>}} ===={{rel}}==== * [[host]] {{m}} ---- =={{L|en}}== {{wikipedia|lang=en}} [[Category:{{en}}]] ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|enm|en}}＜ {{etyl|ang|en}}＜ {{etyl|fro|en}} {{m|fro|ostel}}＜ {{etyl|LL.|en}} {{m|la|hospitale||ホスピス}}＜ {{etyl|la|en}} {{m|la|hospitalis||丁重な}}＜ {{m|la|hospes||主人}} + 形容詞構成接尾辞{{m|la|-alis}} ==={{pron}}=== * {{a|GA}} {{IPA|ˈhɑstəl|lang=en}} * 発音（米） :[[File:En-us-hostel.ogg]] * {{a|RP}} {{IPA|ˈhɒstəl|lang=en}} === {{noun}} === {{en-noun}} #[[簡易]][[宿泊所]]。 #{{lb|en|米国以外}} [[教護院]]。 # {{lb|en|obsolete}} オクスフォード及びケンブリッジの小規模で非公認の[[学寮]]（[[cf.]][[college]]）。 ===={{drv}}==== * {{l|en|hosteler}}, {{l|en|hosteller}} * {{l|en|hostelry}} * {{l|en|youth hostel}} ===={{rel}}==== * {{l|en|host}} * {{l|en|hostler}} * {{l|en|hotel}} ===={{seealso}}==== * {{l|en|hospice}} ==={{verb}}=== {{en-verb|hostels|[[hosteling]] 又は [[hostelling]]|[[hosteled]] 又は [[hostelled]]}} # 旅行でホステルを利用する。 ---- =={{L|fro}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{fro-noun|m}} # '''[[ostel]]'''の異形。 ---- =={{L|es}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{es-noun|m}} # 簡易宿泊所。 ---- =={{L|frm}}== ==={{etym}}=== *{{etyl|fro|frm}} {{m|fro|ostel}} ==={{noun}}=== {{frm-noun|m}} # [[すみか|住処]]。 # [[やどや|宿屋]]、[[ホテル]]。 # [[住み込み寮]]。 ===={{drv}}==== * {{l|frm|maistre d'hostel}} ===={{desc}}==== * {{fr}}: {{l|fr|hôtel}} ** {{en}}: {{l|en|hotel}} * {{en}}: {{l|en|hostel}} ---- =={{L|pl}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{pl-noun|m-in}} # 簡易宿泊所。 ===={{decl}}==== {{pl-decl-noun |hostel|hostele |hostelu|hosteli |hostelowi|hostelom |hostel|hostele |hostelem|hostelami |hostelu|hostelach |hostelu|hostele }} i65nwfteyphh7op7gfooy9r5i95pgzw 0 47232 2278566 2020201 2026-06-02T11:45:41Z Kuroco2k 84207 2278566 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|Algebra|álgebra|àlgebra|algebrā|algebră|alġebra}} =={{L|it}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|ML.|it}} ''algebra'' < {{etyl|ar|it}} [[جبر|الْجَبْر]] (al-jabr) ==={{pron}}=== * {{IPA|lang=it|/ˈal.d͡ʒe.bra/|[ˈäl̺ʲd͡ʒe̞br̺ä]}} * {{hyphenation|al|ge|bra}} ==={{noun}}=== {{it-noun|algebl|f|a|e}} [[Category:{{it}}_代数学|*]] #[[代数]]。[[代数学]]。 ===={{rel}}==== * {{l|it|algebrico}} * {{l|it|algebrista}} ===アナグラム=== * {{l|it|alberga}} ---- =={{L|en}}== {{wikipedia|lang=en}} {{wikipedia|lang=simple}} ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|ML.}} {{m|la|algebrāica}} < {{etyl|ar}} [[جبر|الْجَبْر]] (al-jabr) ==={{pron}}=== * {{a|UK}} {{IPA|lang=en|ˈæl.dʒɪ.bɹə}} * {{a|US}} {{IPA|lang=en|ˈæl.dʒɪ.bɹə|ˈæl.dʒə.bɹə}} *音声(米): [[ファイル:en-us-algebra.ogg]] ==={{noun}}=== {{en-noun|s|-}} [[Category:{{en}}_代数学|*]] #[[代数]]。[[代数学]]。 ===={{drv}}==== {{top4}} * {{l|en|Abelian algebra}} * {{l|en|Albert algebra}} * {{l|en|Azumaya algebra}} * {{l|en|Boolean algebra}} * {{l|en|Borel σ-algebra}} * {{l|en|De Morgan algebra}} * {{l|en|Heyting algebra}} * {{l|en|Hopf algebra}} * {{l|en|Hurwitz algebra}} * {{l|en|Jordan algebra}} * {{l|en|Kac-Moody algebra}} * {{l|en|Kleene algebra}} * {{l|en|Lie algebra}} * {{l|en|Ockham algebra}} * {{l|en|Weyl algebra}} * {{l|en|abelian algebra}} * {{l|en|abstract algebra}} * {{l|en|algebra over a field}} * {{l|en|algebra over a ring}} * {{l|en|algebraist}} * {{l|en|algebralike}} * {{l|en|alternative algebra}} * {{l|en|anti-algebra}} * {{l|en|antialgebra}} * {{l|en|associative algebra}} * {{l|en|bialgebra}} * {{l|en|central simple algebra}} * {{l|en|coalgebra}} * {{l|en|combinatorial commutative algebra}} * {{l|en|commutative algebra}} * {{l|en|composition algebra}} * {{l|en|dialgebra}} * {{l|en|division algebra}} * {{l|en|elementary algebra}} * {{l|en|finite algebra}} * {{l|en|free Boolean algebra}} * {{l|en|free algebra}} * {{l|en|hyperalgebra}} * {{l|en|linear algebra}} * {{l|en|matrix algebra}} * {{l|en|modern algebra}} * {{l|en|multialgebra}} * {{l|en|non-associative algebra}} * {{l|en|power-associative algebra}} * {{l|en|prealgebra}} * {{l|en|pseudoalgebra}} * {{l|en|quasibialgebra}} * {{l|en|reduced algebra}} * {{l|en|semialgebra}} * {{l|en|simple algebra}} * {{l|en|subalgebra}} * {{l|en|subalgebrae}} * {{l|en|submultialgebra}} * {{l|en|superalgebra}} * {{l|en|superbialgebra}} * {{l|en|superdialgebra}} * {{l|en|switching algebra}} * {{l|en|universal algebra}} * {{l|en|vector algebra}} * {{l|en|σ-algebra}} {{bottom}} ===={{rel}}==== * {{l|en|algebraic}} * {{l|en|algebraically}} * {{l|en|algebraical}} * {{l|en|algebraist}} * {{l|en|algorithm}} ===アナグラム=== * {{anagrams|en|a=aabeglr|Labarge}} ---- =={{L|nl}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|dum|nl}} ''algebra'' < {{etyl|la|nl}} ''algebra'' < {{etyl|ar|nl}} [[جبر|الْجَبْر]] (al-jabr) ==={{pron}}=== * {{IPA|lang=nl|ˈɑl.ɣəˌbraː}} *音声: [[ファイル:Nl-algebra.ogg]] * {{hyphenation|al|ge|bra}} ==={{noun}}=== {{nl-noun|g=f|-|-}} [[Category:{{nl}}_代数学|*]] #[[代数]]。[[代数学]]。 ===={{syn}}==== * {{l|nl|stelkunde}} * {{l|nl|stelkunst}} ===={{drv}}==== * {{l|nl|algebraïcus}} * {{l|nl|algebraïsch}} * {{l|nl|algebraïst}} * {{l|nl|lineaire algebra}} ---- =={{L|sv}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{sv-noun|c}} [[Category:{{sv}}_代数学|*]] #[[代数]]。[[代数学]]。 {{sv-infl-noun-c-or|algebr}} ===={{rel}}==== * {{l|sv|algebraisk}} * {{l|sv|relationsalgebra}} ---- =={{L|sh}}== ==={{pron}}=== * {{IPA|lang=sh|ǎlɡeːbra}} * {{hyphenation|al|ge|bra}} ==={{noun}}=== {{sh-noun+|g=f|head=àlgēbra}} [[Category:{{sh}}_代数学|*]] #[[代数]]。[[代数学]]。 {{sh-decl-noun|àlgēbra|algebre|algebre|àlgēbārā / àlgēbrī|algebri|algebrama|algebru|algebre|algebro|algebre|algebri|algebrama|algebrom|algebrama}} ---- =={{L|cs}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|ar|cs}}[[جبر|الْجَبْر]] (al-jabr) ==={{pron}}=== * {{cs-IPA}} ==={{noun}}=== {{cs-noun|g=f}} [[Category:{{cs}}_代数学|*]] #[[代数]]。[[代数学]]。 ===={{decl}}==== {{cs-ndecl|<f>}} ===={{drv}}==== * {{l|cs|Booleova algebra}} * {{l|cs|booleovská algebra}} ===={{rel}}==== * {{l|cs|algebraický}} ---- =={{L|da}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|ML.|da}} ''algebra'' < {{etyl|ar|da}} [[جبر|الْجَبْر]] (al-jabr) ==={{noun}}=== {{da-noun|en|-}} [[Category:{{da}}_代数学|*]] #[[代数]]。[[代数学]]。 {{da-noun-infl|en|n=sg}} ---- =={{L|nn}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|ML.|nn}} ''algebra'' < {{etyl|ar|nn}} [[جبر|الْجَبْر]] (al-jabr) ==={{noun}}=== {{head|nn|noun|g=m|限定単数|[[algebraen]]|非限定複数|[[algebraer]]|限定複数|[[algebraene]]}} [[Category:{{nn}}_代数学|*]] #[[代数]]。[[代数学]]。 #代数学の[[教科書]]。 ===={{drv}}==== * {{l|nn|algebraisk}} * {{l|nn|lineær algebra}} ---- =={{L|nb}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|ML.|nb}} ''algebra'' < {{etyl|ar|nb}} [[جبر|الْجَبْر]] (al-jabr) ==={{noun}}=== {{nb-noun-m1}} [[Category:{{nb}}_代数学|*]] #[[代数]]。[[代数学]]。 #代数学の[[教科書]]。 ===={{drv}}==== * {{l|nb|algebraisk}} * {{l|nb|lineær algebra}} ---- =={{L|hu}}== ==={{pron}}=== * {{hu-IPA}} * {{hyph|hu|al|geb|ra}} ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|la|hu}} ''algebra'' < {{etyl|ar|hu}} [[جبر|الْجَبْر]] (al-jabr) ==={{noun}}=== {{hu-noun|pl=algebrák}} # {{タグ|hu|mathematics}} [[代数]]。 #: 方程式内の未知数(変数)を表現および操作するためのシステム # {{タグ|hu|mathematics}} [[代数学]]。 # {{タグ|hu|education}} 代数学の[[教科]]。 #: {{uxi|hu|Tudnál segíteni '''algebrában'''?|私の'''代数'''を手伝ってくれないかな？}} ===={{decl}}==== {{hu-infl-nom|algebrá|o}}{{hu-pos-tok|algebrá}} ===={{drv}}==== * {{l|hu|algebrai}} ===参考文献=== * {{R:ErtSz}} * {{R:Nagyszotar}} ---- =={{L|fi}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{head|fi|noun}} [[Category:{{fi}}_代数学|*]] #[[代数]]。[[代数学]]。 {{fi-decl-katiska|algebr|a}} ---- =={{L|pl}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|it|pl}}, {{etyl|es|pl}}又は{{etyl|ML.|pl}} < {{etyl|ar|pl}} [[جبر|الْجَبْر]] (al-jabr) ==={{pron}}=== * {{pl-IPA}} *音声: [[ファイル:Pl-algebra.ogg]] ==={{noun}}=== {{pl-noun|f}} [[Category:{{pl}}_代数学|*]] #[[代数]]。[[代数学]]。 {{pl-decl-noun-f+}} ===={{drv}}==== * {{l|pl|algebraiczny}} ---- =={{L|la}}== ==={{pron}}=== * {{la-IPA|algebra}} ==={{noun}}=== {{la-noun+|algebra<1>}} [[Category:{{la}}_代数学|*]] #[[代数]]。[[代数学]]。 {{la-ndecl|algebra<1>}} ---- =={{L|lv}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|ML.|lv}} ''algebra'' < {{etyl|ar|lv}} [[جبر|الْجَبْر]] (al-jabr) ==={{pron}}=== * {{lv-IPA|alɡɛbɾa}} *音声: [[ファイル:lv-riga-algebra.ogg]] ==={{noun}}=== {{lv-noun|f|4}} [[Category:{{lv}}_代数学|*]] #[[代数]]。[[代数学]]。 {{lv-decl-noun|algebr|a|4th|no-pl|extrawidth=-60}} ===={{drv}}==== * {{l|lv|algebrisks}} 2qf6y2pnahkp7y13pmqx4jx93flf511 0 47944 2278183 1440345 2026-06-01T12:37:43Z Daxidawiki 126582 Fix template 2278183 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|いこう}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[いこう]]}} # ある[[基準]]になる時からあと。 ===={{rel}}==== *{{ant}}:[[以前]] *{{syn}}:[[以後]]、[[以来]]、[[爾後]] ==={{trans}}=== *{{T|en}}: {{t|en|[[on]] [[and]] [[after]]}} {{stub|ja}} es8fu4a2z3sun5y2j9m5wkd2de3opgm 0 48993 2278170 2058049 2026-06-01T12:22:20Z Daxidawiki 126582 ruby 2278170 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|きょうぎ}} =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanjitab|きょう|ぎ|yomi=o}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[きょうぎ]]}} :1.　[[せまい|狭い]][[語義]]。ある[[言葉]]が[[しめす|示す]][[意味]]の[[範囲]]に[[広狭]]がある[[場合]]の、[[限定]][[的]]に[[解釈]]した[[ほう]]の意味。 ::* [[用例]] 1 ::: {{ruby|[[蜜柑]]|[[みかん]]}}とは、'''狭義'''では[[温州]]みかん（[[温州蜜柑]]、[[うんしゅうみかん|ウンシュウミカン]]{{wp|ウンシュウミカン}}）[[のみ]]を[[さす|指す]]が、広義では[[分類学]]上のミカン[[属]]{{wp|ミカン属}}（ウンシュウミカン、[[なつみかん|ナツミカン]]、[[きんかん|キンカン]]、[[はっさく|ハッサク]]、[[ゆず|ユズ]]など）に[[ふくむ|含まれる]]いくつかの[[品種]]{{wp|品種}}の[[人為分類]]{{wp|分類学#人為分類}}的[[総称]]であり、そしてまた、最広義では[[柑橘類]][[全般]]を意味する。 ::* 用例 2（[[別]][[表現]]） ::: {{ruby|[[蜜柑]]|[[みかん]]}}とは、広義では柑橘類全般を意味するが、'''狭義'''では分類学上のミカン属に含まれるいくつかの品種の人為分類的総称であり、そしてまた、最'''狭義'''では温州みかんのみを指す。 :: [[第一義]]・[[原義]]・[[本義]]・[[新義]]・[[古義]]などと[[併用]]されることがある。 ::* 用例 ::: それは'''狭義'''の一つであり、[[前述]]が広義[[かつ#接続詞|かつ]]第一義であるのに対して、第二義[[もしくは]]第三義である。 :2.　狭い[[意味]]。狭い[[意義]]。ある[[事象]]が示す意味の範囲に広狭がある場合の、限定的に解釈したほうの意味。 ::* 用例 ::: 「'''狭義'''[[国防]]」「'''狭義'''の[[密約]]{{wp|密約}}」 ===={{rel}}==== ====={{comp}}===== * 狭義[[的]] ：狭義の。狭い意味の。限定的な意味の。[[対義語]]は、広義的。 * [[狭義語]] ：ある[[単語]]よりもより限定的な単語。対義語は、[[広義語]]。 * [[最]]狭義 ：[[もっとも|最も]]狭い語義。ある言葉が示す意味の範囲に広狭があり、[[みっつ|三つ]][[以上]]ある場合の、最も狭義にあたる[[ひとつ|一つ]]。対義語は、最[[広義]]。 ; 特定分野における複合語 * 狭義国防 ：［[[政治]]、[[日本]]］ 広義国防（[[満洲事変]]{{wp|満洲事変}}後に[[大日本帝国]][[陸軍]]{{wp|大日本帝国陸軍}}が[[提唱]]した[[拡大]]的[[国防]][[政策]][[論]]）の[[対義語]]としての、[[従来]]どおりの国防の[[概念]]。[[国民]][[生活]]の[[一切]]が[[軍事]]的意義をもつと[[とく|説く]]広義国防に対して、[[軍部]]で[[完結]]して[[一般]]国民を[[動員]]しない国防の概念。 * 狭義の密約 ：［政治、日本］ [[国家]]間の[[条約]]や[[協定]]などで、国民に[[しる|知らされる]]ことなく[[秘密]]にされている[[部分]]。対義語は、広義の密約。 ====={{ant}}===== * [[広義]] ===={{trans}}==== *{{T|en}}: [[narrow]] [[sense]] iswcekxa78mg6zny80dtc0wotg7s7fp 0 48994 2278167 1920243 2026-06-01T12:11:49Z Daxidawiki 126582 Fix item list 2278167 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|こうぎ}} =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanjitab|こう|ぎ|yomi=o}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[こうぎ]]}} #[[ひろい|広い]][[語義]]。ある[[言葉]]が[[しめす|示す]][[意味]]の[[範囲]]に[[広狭]]がある[[場合]]の、広く[[解釈]]した[[ほう]]の意味。 ::* [[用例]] 1 ::: [[みかん]]（[[蜜柑]]）とは、狭義では[[温州]]みかん（[[温州蜜柑]]、[[うんしゅうみかん|ウンシュウミカン]]{{wp|ウンシュウミカン}}）[[のみ]]を[[さす|指す]]が、'''広義'''では[[分類学]]上のミカン[[属]]{{wp|ミカン属}}（ウンシュウミカン、[[なつみかん|ナツミカン]]、[[きんかん|キンカン]]、[[はっさく|ハッサク]]、[[ゆず|ユズ]]など）に[[ふくむ|含まれる]]いくつかの[[品種]]{{wp|品種}}の[[人為分類]]{{wp|分類学#人為分類}}的[[総称]]であり、そしてまた、最'''広義'''では[[柑橘類]][[全般]]を意味する。 ::* 用例 2（[[別]][[表現]]） ::: みかん（蜜柑）とは、'''広義'''では柑橘類全般を意味するが、狭義では分類学上のミカン属に含まれるいくつかの品種の人為分類的総称であり、そしてまた、最狭義では温州みかんのみを指す。 :: [[第一義]]・[[原義]]・[[本義]]・[[新義]]・[[古義]]などと[[併用]]されることがある。 ::* 用例 ::: それは'''広義'''にあたり、第二義もしくは第三義である。 ::: '''広義'''のそれが原義であるが、[[近代]][[以降]]は[[徐々]]に[[もちいる|用いられ]]なくなり、[[現在]]では古義と[[いう|言って]][[さしつかえる|差し支え]]ない。 #広い[[意味]]。広い[[意義]]。ある[[事象]]が示す意味の範囲に広狭がある場合の、広く解釈したほうの意味。 ::* 用例 ::: 「'''広義'''[[国防]]」「'''広義'''の[[密約]]{{wp|密約}}」 ===={{rel}}==== ====={{comp}}===== * 広義[[的]] ：広義の。広い意味の。[[対義語]]は、狭義的。 * [[広義語]] ：ある[[単語]]よりもより[[一般的]]な単語。対義語は、[[狭義語]]。 * [[最]]広義 ：[[もっとも|最も]]広い語義。ある言葉が示す意味の範囲に広狭があり、[[みっつ|三つ]][[以上]]ある場合の、最も広義にあたる[[ひとつ|一つ]]。対義語は、最[[狭義]]。 ; 特定分野における複合語 * 広義国防 ：［[[政治]]、[[日本]]］ [[満州事変]]{{wp|満州事変}}後に[[大日本帝国]][[陸軍]]{{wp|大日本帝国陸軍}}が[[提唱]]し、[[国民]]を[[総]][[動員]]することに[[つながる|繋がった]][[拡大]]的[[国防]][[政策]][[論]]。[[国防]]を[[強化]]するには、[[武力]]のみならず、国民[[生活]]の[[安定]]や国民[[教化]]{{wp|教化}}の[[振興]]等をも[[不可欠]]なものと、広く[[とらえた|捉えた]][[概念]]。 * 広義の密約 ：［政治、日本］ [[国家]]間の[[条約]]や[[協定]]などで、[[暗黙]]のうちに[[秘密]]にされている[[部分]]。対義語は、狭義の密約。 * 広義流動性 ：［[[経済]]、日本］ [[通貨]][[供給]][[量]][[統計]]における[[指標]]{{wp|指標}}の一つ。[[日本銀行]]{{wp|日本銀行}}が[[集計]]・[[公表]]する[[マネーストック]]統計の指標の一つ。日本銀行の指標の一つである「M3」になんらかの[[流動性]]{{wp|流動性 (経済学)}}をもつと考えられる[[金融]][[商品]]を加えた指標で、広範囲の金融商品を[[カバー]]する。なお、対義語的な「狭義流動性」は[[用語]]としては存在しない。 ====={{ant}}===== * [[狭義]] ====={{syn}}===== * [[第一義]]<!--※解説は立項後に移動。--> ：その第三義と[[類義]]。 # 最も[[根本]]となる、[[一番]][[大切]]なこと。最も大切な根本的[[意義]]または[[価値]]。「[[教育]]の―」「―[[的]][[問題]]」　別表現で、[[一義]]。 #［[[仏語#名詞:ぶつご|仏語]]］　[[最高]]の[[道理]]。[[究極]]の[[真理]]。[[勝義]]。[[第一義諦]]。[[真諦]]。 # [[第一]]の[[語義]]。ある言葉が示す意味が[[複数]]あり、意味に[[広狭]]があるかそれぞれが[[別]]の意味をもつかに[[かかわる|かかわらず]]、[[重要度]]によって第一に[[あげる|挙げられる]][[べし|べき]]一つ。別[[表記]]で、第1義。第二に挙げる意味は第二義（第2義）、第三に挙げる意味は第三義（第3義）と、[[数]]で[[あらわす|表す]]。別表現で、一義。 * [[一義]] ：その第三義と類義。 ===={{trans}}==== *{{T|en}}: [[wide]] [[sense]], [[broad]] sense gpykpz7w6nyol37819q60tevewp82m0 2278169 2278167 2026-06-01T12:17:00Z Daxidawiki 126582 ruby 2278169 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|こうぎ}} =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanjitab|こう|ぎ|yomi=o}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[こうぎ]]}} #[[ひろい|広い]][[語義]]。ある[[言葉]]が[[しめす|示す]][[意味]]の[[範囲]]に[[広狭]]がある[[場合]]の、広く[[解釈]]した[[ほう]]の意味。 ::* [[用例]] 1 ::: {{ruby|[[蜜柑]]|[[みかん]]}}とは、狭義では[[温州]]みかん（[[温州蜜柑]]、[[うんしゅうみかん|ウンシュウミカン]]{{wp|ウンシュウミカン}}）[[のみ]]を[[さす|指す]]が、'''広義'''では[[分類学]]上のミカン[[属]]{{wp|ミカン属}}（ウンシュウミカン、[[なつみかん|ナツミカン]]、[[きんかん|キンカン]]、[[はっさく|ハッサク]]、[[ゆず|ユズ]]など）に[[ふくむ|含まれる]]いくつかの[[品種]]{{wp|品種}}の[[人為分類]]{{wp|分類学#人為分類}}的[[総称]]であり、そしてまた、最'''広義'''では[[柑橘類]][[全般]]を意味する。 ::* 用例 2（[[別]][[表現]]） ::: {{ruby|[[蜜柑]]|[[みかん]]}}とは、'''広義'''では柑橘類全般を意味するが、狭義では分類学上のミカン属に含まれるいくつかの品種の人為分類的総称であり、そしてまた、最狭義では温州みかんのみを指す。 :: [[第一義]]・[[原義]]・[[本義]]・[[新義]]・[[古義]]などと[[併用]]されることがある。 ::* 用例 ::: それは'''広義'''にあたり、第二義もしくは第三義である。 ::: '''広義'''のそれが原義であるが、[[近代]][[以降]]は[[徐々]]に[[もちいる|用いられ]]なくなり、[[現在]]では古義と[[いう|言って]][[さしつかえる|差し支え]]ない。 #広い[[意味]]。広い[[意義]]。ある[[事象]]が示す意味の範囲に広狭がある場合の、広く解釈したほうの意味。 ::* 用例 ::: 「'''広義'''[[国防]]」「'''広義'''の[[密約]]{{wp|密約}}」 ===={{rel}}==== ====={{comp}}===== * 広義[[的]] ：広義の。広い意味の。[[対義語]]は、狭義的。 * [[広義語]] ：ある[[単語]]よりもより[[一般的]]な単語。対義語は、[[狭義語]]。 * [[最]]広義 ：[[もっとも|最も]]広い語義。ある言葉が示す意味の範囲に広狭があり、[[みっつ|三つ]][[以上]]ある場合の、最も広義にあたる[[ひとつ|一つ]]。対義語は、最[[狭義]]。 ; 特定分野における複合語 * 広義国防 ：［[[政治]]、[[日本]]］ [[満州事変]]{{wp|満州事変}}後に[[大日本帝国]][[陸軍]]{{wp|大日本帝国陸軍}}が[[提唱]]し、[[国民]]を[[総]][[動員]]することに[[つながる|繋がった]][[拡大]]的[[国防]][[政策]][[論]]。[[国防]]を[[強化]]するには、[[武力]]のみならず、国民[[生活]]の[[安定]]や国民[[教化]]{{wp|教化}}の[[振興]]等をも[[不可欠]]なものと、広く[[とらえた|捉えた]][[概念]]。 * 広義の密約 ：［政治、日本］ [[国家]]間の[[条約]]や[[協定]]などで、[[暗黙]]のうちに[[秘密]]にされている[[部分]]。対義語は、狭義の密約。 * 広義流動性 ：［[[経済]]、日本］ [[通貨]][[供給]][[量]][[統計]]における[[指標]]{{wp|指標}}の一つ。[[日本銀行]]{{wp|日本銀行}}が[[集計]]・[[公表]]する[[マネーストック]]統計の指標の一つ。日本銀行の指標の一つである「M3」になんらかの[[流動性]]{{wp|流動性 (経済学)}}をもつと考えられる[[金融]][[商品]]を加えた指標で、広範囲の金融商品を[[カバー]]する。なお、対義語的な「狭義流動性」は[[用語]]としては存在しない。 ====={{ant}}===== * [[狭義]] ====={{syn}}===== * [[第一義]]<!--※解説は立項後に移動。--> ：その第三義と[[類義]]。 # 最も[[根本]]となる、[[一番]][[大切]]なこと。最も大切な根本的[[意義]]または[[価値]]。「[[教育]]の―」「―[[的]][[問題]]」　別表現で、[[一義]]。 #［[[仏語#名詞:ぶつご|仏語]]］　[[最高]]の[[道理]]。[[究極]]の[[真理]]。[[勝義]]。[[第一義諦]]。[[真諦]]。 # [[第一]]の[[語義]]。ある言葉が示す意味が[[複数]]あり、意味に[[広狭]]があるかそれぞれが[[別]]の意味をもつかに[[かかわる|かかわらず]]、[[重要度]]によって第一に[[あげる|挙げられる]][[べし|べき]]一つ。別[[表記]]で、第1義。第二に挙げる意味は第二義（第2義）、第三に挙げる意味は第三義（第3義）と、[[数]]で[[あらわす|表す]]。別表現で、一義。 * [[一義]] ：その第三義と類義。 ===={{trans}}==== *{{T|en}}: [[wide]] [[sense]], [[broad]] sense f6y2nvij1drfcbvvqt6b44u4x0eh0af 0 50380 2278395 2176180 2026-06-02T09:34:59Z ~2026-32783-09 131764 2278395 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|けい}} ==漢字== {{kanji|囗|4}} {{kanji variants|冏}} ===字源=== * 「[[血]]｛[[衁]] {{phoneme|*m̥ˤaŋ}}｝」の[[分化字]]か<ref group="字源">裘錫圭《[https://jgw.aynu.edu.cn/home/wx/detail/index.html?id=56067&dbcode=EMPTY 釋殷虛卜辭中的“〓”“〓”等字]》、1993年。</ref>。 ** 『[[w:説文解字|説文解字]]』では窓の形を象った文字と解釈されているが、信頼できる記述ではない。 ** 「[[明]] {{phoneme|*mraŋ}}」や「[[盟]] {{phoneme|*mraŋ}}」など、{{phoneme|*MRAŊ}} 系列の[[形声文字|形声]]字に含まれる。「[[囧]] {{phoneme|*kwraŋʔ}}」の[[字音]]は、｛[[炯]] {{phoneme|*kwˤeŋʔ}}, {{phoneme|*wˤeŋʔ}}｝の[[同源]]語をこじつけたものとされる<ref group="字源">布之道『[http://www.kaom.net/sgy_bzd.php 広韻形声考]』</ref>。 {{字源}} * [[上古音]]は布之道『[http://www.kaom.net/sgy_bzd.php 広韻形声考]』による。 <references group="字源" /> ===意義=== #[[あきらか]]。 #[[まど]]。 #[[中国]]において、凹んだ表情を表現する[[ネットスラング]]であり、八の字に曲がった眉毛と開いた口から'''困惑、気まずさ、ショック、お手上げ'''の意味があります =={{ja}}== {{ja-kanji|呉音=キョウ<キャゥ|漢音=ケイ<クヱィ|訓=あき-らか}} =={{L|zh}}== [[Category:{{zh}}|jiong3]] {{trans_link|zh|{{PAGENAME}}}} * '''ローマ字表記''' ** '''[[普通話]]''' *** '''[[ピンイン]]''': jiǒng *** '''[[ウェード式]]''': chiung³ *** '''[[注音符号]]''': [[ㄐ]][[ㄩ]][[ㄥ]]ˇ ** '''[[広東語]]''' *** '''[[イェール式]]''': gwing2 ==={{adjective}}=== {{head|zh|adjective|sort=jiong3}} (ピンイン: jiǒng) #{{context|literary|lang=zh|skey=jiong3}}[[あかるい]]。[[あきらか]]な。 #{{context|slang|lang=zh|skey=jiong3}}おろおろ、ぎこちない。 ==={{prov}}=== =={{ko}}== [[Category:{{ko}}|경]] {{ko-hanja|hangeul=[[경]]|rv=gyeong|mr=kyŏng}} ==={{prov}}=== =={{コード}}== {{文字コード|jis=2-22-90|mj={{mjmoji|008830}}|gb=87E5|cns=2-2348|big5=CAA8|全={{全字庫|140104}}|ksx=1027-1-2950|kps=10721-3B2F}} {{検字|倉頡=WCB|四角=6022.7}} {{字典|康煕=0217.100|諸橋=4707|新潮漢字=737|大字源=1455|新字源=1602|新大字典=2464|大漢語林=1735|dj=0444.130|ch=302.503|hdz=10715.120}} tfs22qua8pv2j9s136mdbye13y12v8h 2278402 2278395 2026-06-02T09:43:34Z エクストリームガードレール 94024 [[Special:Contributions/~2026-32783-09|~2026-32783-09]] ([[User talk:~2026-32783-09|トーク]]) による版 [[Special:Diff/2278395|2278395]] を取り消し 2278402 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|けい}} ==漢字== {{kanji|囗|4}} {{kanji variants|冏}} ===字源=== * 「[[血]]｛[[衁]] {{phoneme|*m̥ˤaŋ}}｝」の[[分化字]]か<ref group="字源">裘錫圭《[https://jgw.aynu.edu.cn/home/wx/detail/index.html?id=56067&dbcode=EMPTY 釋殷虛卜辭中的“〓”“〓”等字]》、1993年。</ref>。 ** 『[[w:説文解字|説文解字]]』では窓の形を象った文字と解釈されているが、信頼できる記述ではない。 ** 「[[明]] {{phoneme|*mraŋ}}」や「[[盟]] {{phoneme|*mraŋ}}」など、{{phoneme|*MRAŊ}} 系列の[[形声文字|形声]]字に含まれる。「[[囧]] {{phoneme|*kwraŋʔ}}」の[[字音]]は、｛[[炯]] {{phoneme|*kwˤeŋʔ}}, {{phoneme|*wˤeŋʔ}}｝の[[同源]]語をこじつけたものとされる<ref group="字源">布之道『[http://www.kaom.net/sgy_bzd.php 広韻形声考]』</ref>。 {{字源}} * [[上古音]]は布之道『[http://www.kaom.net/sgy_bzd.php 広韻形声考]』による。 <references group="字源" /> ===意義=== #[[あきらか]]。 #[[まど]]。 #[[中国]]において、凹んだ表情を表現する[[ネットスラング]]。 =={{ja}}== {{ja-kanji|呉音=キョウ<キャゥ|漢音=ケイ<クヱィ|訓=あき-らか}} =={{L|zh}}== [[Category:{{zh}}|jiong3]] {{trans_link|zh|{{PAGENAME}}}} * '''ローマ字表記''' ** '''[[普通話]]''' *** '''[[ピンイン]]''': jiǒng *** '''[[ウェード式]]''': chiung³ *** '''[[注音符号]]''': [[ㄐ]][[ㄩ]][[ㄥ]]ˇ ** '''[[広東語]]''' *** '''[[イェール式]]''': gwing2 ==={{adjective}}=== {{head|zh|adjective|sort=jiong3}} (ピンイン: jiǒng) #{{context|literary|lang=zh|skey=jiong3}}[[あかるい]]。[[あきらか]]な。 #{{context|slang|lang=zh|skey=jiong3}}おろおろ、ぎこちない。 ==={{prov}}=== =={{ko}}== [[Category:{{ko}}|경]] {{ko-hanja|hangeul=[[경]]|rv=gyeong|mr=kyŏng}} ==={{prov}}=== =={{コード}}== {{文字コード|jis=2-22-90|mj={{mjmoji|008830}}|gb=87E5|cns=2-2348|big5=CAA8|全={{全字庫|140104}}|ksx=1027-1-2950|kps=10721-3B2F}} {{検字|倉頡=WCB|四角=6022.7}} {{字典|康煕=0217.100|諸橋=4707|新潮漢字=737|大字源=1455|新字源=1602|新大字典=2464|大漢語林=1735|dj=0444.130|ch=302.503|hdz=10715.120}} 2see5c1hib668r9mieymj6rqc8t7s87 0 52633 2278296 2273825 2026-06-02T06:36:15Z Daxidawiki 126582 Fix template 2278296 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DEFAULTSORT:みんしゆう みんしゅう}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{pron}}=== {{ja-pron|みんしゅう|acc=0|acc_ref=NHK16}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[みんしゅう]]}} # [[国家]]や[[社会]]を[[構成]]している[[世間一般]]の、ごく[[普通]]の[[ひとびと|人々]]。 ===={{rel}}==== *[[公衆]]、[[平民]]、[[マス]] *{{syn}}:[[大衆]]、[[庶民]]、[[衆民]] *{{prov}}:[[民衆訴訟]] ===={{trans}}==== *{{T|en}}: {{t|en|people}}, {{t|en|masses}} *{{zh}}:{{zh-ts|民眾|民众}} ===脚注=== {{Reflist}} =={{L|ko}}== [[Category:{{ko}}|민중]] ==={{noun}}=== [[Category:{{ko}}_{{noun}}|민중]] {{lang|ko|'''民衆'''（[[민중]]）}} #（日本語に同じ）民衆 ---- =={{L|vi}}== [[Category:{{vi}}|dan1chung3 dânchung]] ==={{noun}}=== [[Category:{{vi}}_{{noun}}|dan1chung3 dânchung]] {{lang|vi|'''民衆'''（[[dân chúng]]）}} #（日本語に同じ）民衆 22qewuse9pbip6omu22q4fribynypd5 0 52640 2278509 1446368 2026-06-02T11:09:50Z Daxidawiki 126582 Fix template 2278509 wikitext text/x-wiki {{wikipedia}} {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|しゅわ}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{wikipedia|手話}} {{ja-noun|しゅわ}} #[[言語能力]]はあるのに何らかの理由で[[音声言語]]を使えない人が、手を使った動作を含む[[視覚]]情報によって意思疎通すること。またその方法。 ## 主に[[聾者]]によって使われる、[[手指]]の形・動き・位置、眉や目・口の動きや顔の表情によって意味を表す自然言語。 ## 音声言語を手指の形・動き・位置、眉や目・口の動きや顔の表情によって表すこと。またその方法。 ===={{pron}}==== * NHK：シュ↘ワ ===={{trans}}==== {{top}} *[[{{ar}}]]: [[لغة إشارة]] *[[{{ca}}]]: [[llengua de signes]] *[[{{cs}}]]: [[znakový jazyk]] *[[{{da}}]]: {{t|da|tegnesprog|n}} *[[{{de}}]]: {{t+|de|Gebärdensprache|f}} *[[{{en}}]]: [[sign language]] *[[{{eo}}]]: [[signolingvo]] *[[{{es}}]]: [[lengua de señas]] *[[{{et}}]]: [[viipekeel]] *[[{{eu}}]]: [[keinu hizkuntza]] *[[{{fi}}]]: {{t+|fi|viittomakieli}} *[[{{fo}}]]: [[teknmál]] *[[{{fr}}]]: {{t|fr|langue des signes|f}} *[[{{ga}}]]: [[teanga chomharthaíochta]] *[[{{gl}}]]: [[lingua de signos]] *[[{{he}}]]: [[שפת סימנים]] *[[{{hr}}]]: [[znakovni jezici]] *[[{{hu}}]]: {{t|hu|jelnyelv}} *[[{{id}}]]: [[bahasa isyarat]] *[[{{it}}]]: [[lingua dei segni]] {{mid}} *[[{{lt}}]]: [[ženklų kalba]] *[[{{lv}}]]: [[žestu valoda]] *[[{{ms}}]]: [[bahasa isyarat]] *[[{{nl}}]]: [[gebarentaal]] *[[{{nn}}]]: [[teiknspråk]] *[[{{no}}]]: [[tegnspråk]] *[[{{os}}]]: [[жестты æвзаг]] *[[{{pl}}]]: [[język migowy]] *[[{{pt}}]]: [[língua de sinais]] *[[{{ru}}]]: [[жестовые языки]] *[[{{sk}}]]: [[posunková reč]] *[[{{sv}}]]: {{t|sv|teckenspråk|n}} *[[{{tg}}]]: [[забони ишоратӣ]] *[[{{th}}]]: [[ภาษามือ]] *[[{{tr}}]]: [[işaret dili]] *[[{{uk}}]]: [[мова жестів]] *[[{{vi}}]]: [[ngôn ngữ ký hiệu]] *[[{{yi}}]]: [[שטום לשון]] *[[{{zh}}]]: {{lang|zh|[[手语]]}} {{bottom}} =={{ko}}== [[Category:{{ko}}|수화]] ==={{noun}}=== [[Category:{{ko}}_{{noun}}|수화]] *ハングル表記:{{lang|ko|[[수화]]}} #（日本語に同じ）手話 qqt5hj2qu1ns3ir6hw7fiw07u8co43h 0 53897 2278353 1785796 2026-06-02T08:37:22Z M-30722 1202 2278353 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|ko}}== ==={{pron}}=== {{ko-IPA}} ==={{noun}}=== {{head|ko|noun}} {{ko-h|玩|具|hom=y}} #{{topcat|ko|玩具}}[[玩具]]、[[おもちゃ]]。 {{ko-h|緩|球}} #{{タグ|ko|野球}}[[緩球]]。 2c4qh4oeftayrxlmtubbf97ka5de28z 0 56517 2278563 1388937 2026-06-02T11:45:40Z Kuroco2k 84207 2278563 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DEFAULTSORT:iran Írán}} {{also|Iran|Irán|irán|İran}} =={{cs}}== ==={{alter}}=== * {{l|ces|Irán}} ==={{name}}=== {{cs-name|g=m}} [[Category:{{cs}}_アジアの国名]] #[[イラン]]。 ===={{decl}}==== {{cs-ndecl|<m.sg.locě:u>}} ==={{rel}}=== * {{l|ces|íránský}} * {{l|ces|Íránec}} nbfwiw3fm6rof9haryu4emygdw7ws1u 0 56983 2278562 1388946 2026-06-02T11:45:40Z Kuroco2k 84207 2278562 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DEFAULTSORT:pondeli}} =={{cs}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|sla-pro|ces}} {{recons|ponedělъkъ|lang=sla-pro}} ==={{pron}}=== * {{cs-IPA}} * {{rhymes|ɛliː}} * {{hyphenation|pon|dě|lí}} * {{X-SAMPA|"pOnJ\Eli:}} ==={{noun}}=== {{head|ces|noun|cat2=曜日|g=n}} #[[月曜日]]。 ===={{decl}}==== {{cs-ndecl|<n>}} ===={{hyper}}==== * {{l|ces|den}} ===={{hypo}}==== * {{l|ces|černé pondělí}} * {{l|ces|masopustní pondělí}} * {{l|ces|Modré pondělí}} * {{l|ces|Pondělí velikonoční}}, {{l|ces|Velikonoční pondělí}} ===={{drv}}==== * {{l|ces|pondělek}} * {{l|ces|pondělíčko}} * {{l|ces|pondělní}} * {{l|ces|bratislavský pondělek}} {{曜日名/cs}} 73axy8ysdues9m5tot1y2w38f4n0ea9 0 56986 2278561 1388948 2026-06-02T11:45:40Z Kuroco2k 84207 2278561 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DEFAULTSORT:streda středa}} {{also|streda|streða}} =={{cs}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|sla-pro|ces}} {{recons|serda|lang=sla-pro}} ==={{pron}}=== * {{cs-IPA}} *音声: [[ファイル:Cs-středa.ogg]] * {{rhymes|ɛda}} * {{hyphenation|stře|da}} * {{X-SAMPA|"str_r̊Eda}} ==={{noun}}=== {{head|ces|noun|cat2=曜日|g=f}} #[[水曜日]]。 ===={{decl}}==== {{cs-ndecl|<f>}} ===={{hyper}}==== * {{l|ces|den}} ===={{hypo}}==== * {{l|ces|černá středa}} * {{l|ces|Popeleční středa}} * {{l|ces|Škaredá středa}} ===={{drv}}==== * {{l|ces|středeční}} ===={{rel}}==== {{top3}} * {{l|ces|prostředek}} * {{l|ces|prostřední}} * {{l|ces|prostředník}} * {{l|ces|prostředníček}} * {{l|ces|střed}} * {{l|ces|středolevý}} * {{l|ces|středopravý}} * {{l|ces|středový}} * {{l|ces|uprostřed}} * {{l|ces|výstřední}} * {{l|ces|výstředný}} * {{l|ces|vystředit}} * {{l|ces|soustředný}} * {{l|ces|soustředit}} * {{l|ces|soustředění}} {{bottom}} {{曜日名/cs}} 8n13da0k0tx8q586mzzk4q861h8ci7f 0 56988 2278560 1388950 2026-06-02T11:45:39Z Kuroco2k 84207 2278560 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DEFAULTSORT:patek pátek}} {{also|patek}} =={{cs}}== ==={{etym}}=== *{{etyl|sla-pro|ces}} {{recons|pętъkъ|lang=sla-pro}} *{{suffix+|pátý|ek|lang=ces}} ==={{pron}}=== * {{IPA|ˈpaːtɛk}} *音声: [[ファイル:Cs-pátek.ogg]] * {{rhymes|aːtɛk}} * {{hyphenation|pá|tek}} * {{X-SAMPA|"pa:tEk}} ==={{noun}}=== {{head|ces|noun|cat2=曜日|g=m-in}} #[[金曜日]]。 ===={{decl}}==== {{cs-ndecl|<m>}} ===={{hyper}}==== * {{l|ces|den}} ===={{hypo}}==== * {{l|ces|černý pátek}} * {{l|ces|pátek třináctého}} * {{l|ces|Velký pátek}} ===={{drv}}==== * {{l|ces|páteční}} * {{l|ces|pátečník}} * {{l|ces|Pátek}} {{曜日名/cs}} 4wr2va2e40c2jip1ib2ouxqep1gt02a 0 59258 2278559 2190345 2026-06-02T11:45:39Z Kuroco2k 84207 2278559 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|sk}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{sk-noun|g=n}} #[[善]]。 =={{L|sl}}== ==={{adverb}}=== {{sl-adv|bolje|comp2=boljše|predobro}} #[[よい|善く]]。 ===={{ant}}==== * [[slabo]] =={{L|cs}}== ==={{pron}}=== * {{音声|cs|Cs-dobro.ogg}} ==={{noun}}=== {{cs-noun|g=n}} # [[善]]。 ===={{decl}}==== {{cs-ndecl|<n>}} ===={{ant}}==== * {{l|cs|zlo|g=n}} ===={{rel}}==== * {{l|cs|dobrák|g=m}} * {{l|cs|dobrovolník|g=m}} * {{l|cs|dobročinnost|g=f}} * {{l|cs|dobrý|g=m}} * {{l|cs|dobrovolný|g=m}} =={{L|pl}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{head|pl|noun|g=n}} # [[善]]。 {{pl-decl-noun-sing|dobro|dobra|dobru|dobro|dobrem|dobrze|dobro}} ===={{ant}}==== * [[zło]] ===={{rel}}==== * [[dobra]] bngwrmhyyw95230zqcurf0mv7o3143c 0 65414 2278475 1921136 2026-06-02T10:50:41Z M-30722 1202 2278475 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|じめい}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana|h=y}} *【[[氏名]]】{{ふりがな|氏|うじ}}と{{ふりがな|名|な}}。[[苗字]]と[[なまえ|名前]]。 *【[[死命]]】[[しぬ|死ぬ]]か[[いきる|生きる]]か。 *【[[使命]]】[[使者]]としての[[命令]]。[[重大]]な[[任務]]。 *【[[指名]]】あることのために、[[特定]]の[[ひと|人]]や[[もの|物]]の[[なまえ|名前]]を[[さししめす|指し示す]]こと。 *【[[指命]]】[[なざし|名指し]]で[[命令]]すること。 *【[[尸盟]]】[[盟]]を[[つかさどる|尸る]]こと。 *【[[四明]]】「[[四明山]]」の略。 *【[[詩名]]】[[詩人]]としての[[名声]]。 *【[[詩盟]]】[[詩人]]との[[友好]][[関係]]。 *【[[師命]]】[[師匠]]の[[命令]]。 *【[[私盟]]】[[ひそか|私か]]な[[盟約]]。 kvvscixcoekjuythuyzqcjeyrbli2sk 10 66902 2278210 2273399 2026-06-01T16:52:32Z Jiba1219 100610 2278210 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|[[テンプレート:zhchars]]|[[テンプレート:jachars]]}} <onlyinclude>{{lang|zh| {{#if:{{{1|}}}|'''{{#if:{{isValidPageName|{{{1}}}}}|[[:{{{1}}}#{{zh}}|{{{l1|{{{1}}}}}}]]|{{{1}}}}}''' | }}{{#if:{{{2|}}}|&nbsp;'''{{#if:{{isValidPageName|{{{2}}}}}|[[:{{{2}}}#{{zh}}|{{{l2|{{{2}}}}}}]]|{{{2}}}}}''' }}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|&nbsp;'''{{#if:{{isValidPageName|{{{3}}}}}|[[:{{{3}}}#{{zh}}|{{{l3|{{{3}}}}}}]]|{{{3}}}}}''' }}{{#if:{{{4|}}}|&nbsp;'''{{#if:{{isValidPageName|{{{4}}}}}|[[:{{{4}}}#{{zh}}|{{{l4|{{{4}}}}}}]]|{{{4}}}}}''' }}{{#if:{{{5|}}}|&nbsp;'''{{#if:{{isValidPageName|{{{5}}}}}|[[:{{{5}}}#{{zh}}|{{{l5|{{{5}}}}}}]]|{{{5}}}}}''' }}{{#if:{{{6|}}}|&nbsp;'''{{#if:{{isValidPageName|{{{6}}}}}|[[:{{{6}}}#{{zh}}|{{{l6|{{{6}}}}}}]]|{{{6}}}}}''' }}{{#if:{{{7|}}}|&nbsp;'''{{#if:{{isValidPageName|{{{7}}}}}|[[:{{{7}}}#{{zh}}|{{{l7|{{{7}}}}}}]]|{{{7}}}}}''' }}{{#if:{{{8|}}}|&nbsp;'''{{#if:{{isValidPageName|{{{8}}}}}|[[:{{{8}}}#{{zh}}|{{{l8|{{{8}}}}}}]]|{{{8}}}}}''' }}{{#if:{{{9|}}}|&nbsp;'''{{#if:{{isValidPageName|{{{9}}}}}|[[:{{{9}}}#{{zh}}|{{{l9|{{{9}}}}}}]]|{{{9}}}}}''' }}{{#if:{{{10|}}}|&nbsp;'''{{#if:{{isValidPageName|{{{10}}}}}|[[:{{{10}}}#{{zh}}|{{{l10|{{{10}}}}}}]]|{{{10}}}}}''' }}{{#if:{{{11|}}}|&nbsp;'''{{#if:{{isValidPageName|{{{11}}}}}|[[:{{{11}}}#{{zh}}|{{{l11|{{{11}}}}}}]]|{{{11}}}}}''' }}{{#if:{{{12|}}}|&nbsp;'''{{#if:{{isValidPageName|{{{12}}}}}|[[:{{{12}}}#{{zh}}|{{{l12|{{{12}}}}}}]]|{{{12}}}}}''' }}{{#if:{{{13|}}}|&nbsp;'''{{#if:{{isValidPageName|{{{13}}}}}|[[:{{{13}}}#{{zh}}|{{{l13|{{{13}}}}}}]]|{{{13}}}}}''' }}{{#if:{{{14|}}}|&nbsp;'''{{#if:{{isValidPageName|{{{14}}}}}|[[:{{{14}}}#{{zh}}|{{{l14|{{{14}}}}}}]]|{{{14}}}}}''' }}{{#if:{{{15|}}}|&nbsp;'''{{#if:{{isValidPageName|{{{15}}}}}|[[:{{{15}}}#{{zh}}|{{{l15|{{{15}}}}}}]]|{{{15}}}}}''' }}{{#if:{{{16|}}}|…'''[[テンプレート:also]] 最大15文字までです。''' }}}}&ensp;{{#if:{{{s|}}}|(簡体字: '''{{l|zh|{{{s|}}}}}''')}}{{#if:{{{t|}}}|(繁体字: '''{{l|zh|{{{t|}}}}}''')}}{{#if:{{{mt|{{{大|}}}}}}|(大陸繁体字: '''{{l|zh|{{{mt|{{{大|}}}}}}}}''')}}{{#if:{{{大|}}}|[[カテゴリ:テンプレート:tに「xs=」を含むページ]]}}</onlyinclude> [[カテゴリ:{{zh}}_テンプレート]] 8ts1xfzd4h99ewj5yyjhinri6ah8jfy 0 67609 2278415 1921235 2026-06-02T09:48:08Z Daxidawiki 126582 Fix template 2278415 wikitext text/x-wiki {{wikipedia}} {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|しんてん}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[しんでん]]}} #[[かみ|神]]を祀るための建造物。 #[[宮中]]三殿のひとつ。 ===={{comp}}==== *[[神殿祭]] *[[大神殿]] *[[地下神殿]] {{stub|ja}} 4fmeku9f19zvwz528u0obeq57cr1j8y 0 69598 2278382 1702090 2026-06-02T09:13:06Z Daxidawiki 126582 Fix template 2278382 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|ないぶ}} =={{L|ja}}== {{wikipedia}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[ないぶ]]}} # [[しきり|仕切り]]の[[なか|中]]の[[方]]。 # [[集団]]の[[なか|中]]。 #{{タグ|jpn|位相空間論}}ある[[位相空間]]と、その位相空間のある[[部分集合]]を考えるとき、その部分集合の全ての[[内点]]から成る集合。 ===={{rel}}==== * {{syn}} *: 仕切りの中 : [[内側]], [[内方]], [[内面]], [[内奥]], [[インサイド]] *: 集団の中 : [[内輪]], [[部内]], [[インサイド]] * {{ant}}: [[外部]] ===={{trans}}==== ;仕切りの中 *[[{{en}}]]: {{t+|en|interior}}; {{t+|en|inside}} ;集団の中 *[[{{en}}]]: {{t+|en|inside}}; {{t+|en|internal}} ---- =={{L|zh}}== [[Category:{{zh}}|nei4 bu4]] === {{noun}} === [[Category:{{zh}} {{noun}}|nei4 bu4]] '''[[内]] [[部]]'''（ピンイン:nèi bù 注音符号:ㄋㄟˋ ㄅㄨˋ） # [[しきり|仕切り]]の[[なか|中]]の[[方]]。 # [[集団]]の[[なか|中]]。 === 方位詞 === [[Category:{{zh}} 方位詞|nei4 bu4]] '''[[内]] [[部]]'''（ピンイン:nèi bù 注音符号:ㄋㄟˋ ㄅㄨˋ） # [[しきり|仕切り]]の[[なか|中]]の[[方]]（に、で）。 [[Category:HSKレベル乙|nei4 bu4]] tiolp3pn1jhoin8qf09d7l84rd80ncn 0 71427 2278557 2222238 2026-06-02T11:45:39Z Kuroco2k 84207 2278557 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|Chlor|chlór|chlor-}} =={{cs}}== ==={{pron|ces}}=== * {{IPA1|xloːr}} * {{rhymes|oːr}} ===={{alter}}==== * {{l|cs|chlór}} ==={{noun}}=== {{cs-noun|g=m}} [[Category:{{cs}}_元素]] #[[塩素]]。 ===={{decl}}==== {{cs-ndecl|<m>}} ---- =={{da}}== ==={{alter}}=== * {{l|da|klor}} ==={{noun}}=== {{head|dan|noun|cat2=元素}} #[[塩素]]。 {{da-decl|en|n=sg}} ---- =={{pl}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|grc|pol}} [[χλωρός]] ==={{pron|pol}}=== * {{IPA|xlɔr}} * 音声 :[[File:Pl-chlor.ogg]] ==={{noun}}=== {{pl-noun|m-in}} [[Category:{{pl}}_元素]] #[[塩素]]。 {{pl-decl-noun-sing|chlor|chloru|chlorowi|chlor|chlorem|chlorze|chlorze}} ===={{drv}}==== *[[chloral]] *[[chloramina]] *[[chloran]] *[[chlorocyjan]] *[[chlorek]] *[[chlorofil]] *[[chlorooctowy]] *[[chlorować]] *[[chlorowce]] ilx2d4wxn2w8yv6v7bkqhyo45lxl6ek 0 77760 2278558 2235066 2026-06-02T11:45:39Z Kuroco2k 84207 2278558 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DEFAULTSORT:prislovce}} =={{cs}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{head|ces|名詞|g=n}} [[Category:{{cs}}_品詞]] #[[副詞]] ===={{decl}}==== {{cs-ndecl|<n>}} ===={{rel}}==== * [[příslovečné určení]] {{n}} 816sk2vom0kk1zq42vaxrzyq7aawnvy 0 79127 2278313 2088748 2026-06-02T07:53:17Z Daxidawiki 126582 Fix template 2278313 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{verb}}:望む=== {{ja-verb|[[望]]む}} #[[とおい|遠く]]から[[ながめる|眺める]]。 #[[ねがう]]、[[欲]]する。[[希望]]する。 ##自身が得ることを願う。 ##*出世栄達を望む ##*「よし、それなら、試し斬をしてみようか」/「応ッ、望むところだ。が、何を斬るつもりだ。巻藁などは嫌だぞ」（野村胡堂「銭形平次捕物控 お局お六」） ##人がするように願う。 ##*厳正な処分を望む #[[期待]]する。 #*今年は豊作が望めそうだ #[[したう]]。[[理由]]とする。 #*その人徳を望まれ官途に就く ===={{conjug}}==== {{日本語五段活用}} ===={{syn}}==== *[[みはらす]] *[[希望]]する *[[こいながう]] *[[もとめる]] ===={{trans}}==== {{trans-top|願う}} *{{T|en}}: {{t+|en|hope}} *{{T|de}}: {{t+|de|hoffenn}} *{{T|nb}}: {{t+|no|håpe}} *{{T|fr}}: {{t+|fr|espèrer}} *{{T|ru}}: {{t+|ru|надеяться}} {{impf}} / {{t+|ru|понадеяться}} {{pf}} {{trans-bottom}} ==={{verb}}:臨む=== {{ja-verb|[[臨]]む}} #[[面]]する。[[めのまえ|目の前]]にする。 #[[際会]]する。[[直面]]する。 #その[[場所]]に[[いく|行く]]。[[出席]]する。（[[しあい|試合]]などを）[[目前]]に[[ひかえる|控える]]。 #[[対応]]する。 ===={{conjug}}==== {{日本語五段活用}} ===={{syn}}==== *[[面]]する *[[参加]]する *[[対]]する {{stub|jpn}} ---- =={{L|ojp}}== ==={{verb}}:望む=== {{head|ojp|verb}}【[[望]]む】 #{{おくりがな2|遠|とお|く|とおく}}から{{おくりがな2|眺|なが|める|ながめる}}。 #{{おくりがな2|願|ねが|う|ねがう}}。[[希望]]する。 {{古典日本語四段活用|のぞ|む}} ===={{pron}}==== {{ojp-pron-verb-3-1|の|ぞ|む}} ===={{drv}}==== *[[のぞみ]] ==={{verb}}:臨む=== {{head|ojp|verb}}【[[臨]]む】 #[[面]]する。{{おくりがな3|向|む|かい|合|あ|う|むかいあう}}。 #[[参加]]する。[[出席]]する。 {{古典日本語四段活用|のぞ|む}} reeek25fhrvt1g7oi9419vpihyrui8f 0 80891 2278556 1589677 2026-06-02T11:45:38Z Kuroco2k 84207 2278556 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|sh}}== ==={{etym}}=== 19世紀のクロアチア人言語学者 {{lang|sh|[[w:en:Bogoslav Šulek|Bogoslav Šulek]]}} による造語、おそらく{{etyl|cs|sh}} {{m|cs|slitina}} から。 ==={{pron}}=== * {{sh-IPA|slȉtina}} * {{hyphenation|lang=sh|sli|ti|na}} ==={{noun}}=== {{sh-noun+|g=f|head=slȉtina}} # {{タグ|sh|化学|label=no}} [[合金]]。 ===={{decl}}==== {{sh-decl-noun |slȉtina|slitine |slitine|slitina |slitini|slitinama |slitinu|slitine |slitino|slitine |slitini|slitinama |slitinom|slitinama }} ===={{syn}}==== * {{l|sh|legúra|g=f}} ---- =={{L|cs}}== {{wikipedia|lang=cs}} ==={{etym}}=== {{affix+|cs|slít|-ina}} ==={{pron}}=== * {{cs-IPA}} * カナ表記例: 「ス'''リ'''チナ」 * {{hyphenation|lang=cs|sli|ti|na}} * {{rhymes|lang=cs|ɪna}} ==={{noun}}=== {{cs-noun|g=f}} # {{タグ|cs|化学|label=no}} [[合金]]。 #* {{ux|cs|[[letadlo|Letadla]] [[mít|mají]] [[kostra|kostru]] [[vyrobený|vyrobenou]] z [[lehký|lehkých]] '''slitin'''.|飛行機には軽'''合金'''で作られた骨組みがある。}} # 合成物。 ===={{decl}}==== {{cs-ndecl|<f>}} ===={{rel}}==== * {{l|cs|feroslitina|g=f}} * {{l|cs|slévárna|g=f}} * {{l|cs|slévat}} * {{l|cs|slitek|g=m}} * {{l|cs|slitinový}} * {{l|cs|superslitina|g=f}} ===参考文献=== * {{R:PSJC}} * {{R:SSJC}} t1fjhfxdowbipaxhsf2mj024xechelw 0 81980 2278394 1580005 2026-06-02T09:32:20Z Kuroco2k 84207 2278394 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|zhang3sheng1|noun|hsk=丙}} {{yue-cat|jeung2sing1|noun}} {{nan-cat|chiong2siann1|noun}} {{hak-cat|chong3sang1|noun}} ==={{pron}}=== {{cmn-pron|zhǎngshēng|z=n}} {{yue-pron|zoeng2 sing1,zoeng2 seng1|h=n}} {{nan-pron|xm,qz:chióng-siaⁿ/zz:chiáng-siaⁿ}} {{hak-pron|chóng-sâng|hrs=n}} ==={{noun}}=== {{zhchars|t=掌聲}} #[[拍手]]の音。 6ddb9x7imag7ak1lq8aslyopv4p4kkg 0 81981 2278393 1580006 2026-06-02T09:32:20Z Kuroco2k 84207 2278393 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|zhang3sheng1|noun}} {{yue-cat|jeung2sing1|noun}} {{nan-cat|chiong2siann1|noun}} {{hak-cat|chong3sang1|noun}} ==={{pron}}=== {{cmn-pron|zhǎngshēng}} {{yue-pron|zoeng2 sing1,zoeng2 seng1}} {{nan-pron|xm,qz,tw:chióng-siaⁿ/zz:chiáng-siaⁿ}} {{hak-pron|chóng-sâng|h=zhongˊ shangˋ}} ==={{noun}}=== {{zhchars|s=掌声}} #[[拍手]]の音。 a40hk7rttod0wfmh4phnle6atjm9ozt 0 82562 2278264 1476007 2026-06-02T06:18:28Z Daxidawiki 126582 Fix template 2278264 wikitext text/x-wiki {{wikipedia}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[しゅりゅう]]}} [[Category:{{ja}}_地形|しゆりゆう]] #[[かわ|川]]などの[[おも|主]]な[[ながれ|流れ]]。 #[[思想]]や[[学問]]などの[[中心]]となる[[流派]]。 ===={{pron|jpn}}==== ;しゅ↗りゅー ===={{syn}}==== *（語義1）[[本流]] ===={{ant}}==== *（語義1）[[支流]] =={{L|ko}}== [[Category:{{ko}}|주류]] ==={{noun}}=== [[Category:{{ko}}_{{noun}}|주류]] [[Category:{{ko}}_地形|주류]] {{lang|ko|'''主流'''（[[주류]]）}} #（日本語に同じ）主流 =={{L|zh}}== [[Category:{{zh}}|zhu3liu2]] ==={{noun}}=== [[Category:{{zh}}_{{noun}}|zhu3liu2]] [[Category:{{zh}}_地形|zhu3liu2]] [[Category:HSKレベル6級|zhu3liu2]] [[Category:HSKレベル丁|zhu3liu2]] {{lang|zh|'''主流'''}} (ピンイン:zhǔliú　注音符号:ㄓㄨˇ　ㄌㄧㄡˊ　{{nan}}:chú-liû) #（日本語に同じ）主流 [[Category:{{nan}}|chu2liu5]] [[Category:{{nan}}_{{noun}}|chu2liu5]] [[Category:{{nan}}_地形|chu2liu5]] ppxwi1u4id9ukx63ku60ylgqg34wttt 0 83736 2278348 1990617 2026-06-02T08:31:15Z M-30722 1202 2278348 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|たんがん|だんかん|だんがん}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana|h=y}} *【[[タンカン]]】ミカン科の植物。 *【[[丹款]]】[[赤心]]、[[誠意]] *【[[単簡]]・[[短簡]]】単純でわかりやすいこと。 *【[[胆管]]】[[輸胆管]] *【[[短観]]】[[全国企業短期経済観測調査]]の略。 893pgd2b7m5sz8ofjnqy2gthly5ezzh 0 84019 2278555 2235672 2026-06-02T11:45:38Z Kuroco2k 84207 2278555 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DEFAULTSORT:spenat špenát}} =={{cs}}== [[Category:{{cs}}]] ==={{noun}}=== {{cs-noun|g=m}} [[Category:{{cs}}_植物]] [[Category:{{cs}}_食品]] #[[菠薐草]] ===={{decl}}==== {{cs-ndecl|<m.locě:u>}} =={{sk}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{head|slk|名詞|g=m}} [[Category:{{sk}}_植物]] [[Category:{{sk}}_食品]] #[[菠薐草]] mergdz4wqwcl53j9z3976rv6gd682zl 0 100621 2278213 1582401 2026-06-01T16:55:04Z Jiba1219 100610 2278213 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|wen1du4ji4|noun|計測機器|hsk=丁}} {{yue-cat|wan1dou6gai3|noun|計測機器}} {{nan-tws-cat|ung1dou7goi3|noun|計測機器}} {{wuu-cat|uen1du3ci3|noun|計測機器}} ==={{pron}}=== {{cmn-pron|wēndùjì|z=n}} {{yue-pron|wan1 dou6 gai3|h=n}} {{nan-pron|t=ung1 dou7 goi3}} {{wuu-pron|sh:1uen du ci}} ==={{noun}}=== {{zhchar|温度|计|t=溫度計|mt=温度計}} #[[温度計]]。 ===={{syn}}==== *{{zh-l|溫度錶}} (wēndùbiǎo) pypeknysqhtdre7mdcp6asrgmnr8099 0 100622 2278211 1512609 2026-06-01T16:52:59Z Jiba1219 100610 2278211 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|おんどけい}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kyujitai}}=== {{ja-kyujitai|おんどけい|head=[[溫度]] [[計]]}} #{{kyujitai of|温度計}} =={{L|ko}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ko-head|noun|온도계|cat2=計測機器|head=[[溫度]] [[計]]}} #[[温度計]]。 =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|wen1du4ji4|noun|計測機器}} {{yue-cat|wan1dou6gai3|noun|計測機器}} {{nan-cat|un1too7ke3|noun|計測機器}} {{nan-tws-cat|ung1dou7goi3|noun|計測機器}} {{wuu-cat|uen1du3ci3|noun|計測機器}} ==={{pron}}=== {{cmn-pron|wēndùjì}} {{yue-pron|wan1 dou6 gai3}} {{nan-pron|tw,mg:un-tō͘-kè|t=ung1 dou7 goi3}} {{wuu-pron|sh:1uen du ci}} ==={{noun}}=== {{zhchar|溫度|計|s=温度计|mt=温度計}} #[[温度計]]。 ===={{syn}}==== *{{zh-l|溫度錶}} (wēndùbiǎo) dggbp5k2681oh3t9i0s61un64m0xjf2 2278212 2278211 2026-06-01T16:53:27Z Jiba1219 100610 2278212 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|おんどけい}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kyujitai}}=== {{ja-kyujitai|おんどけい|head=[[溫度]] [[計]]}} #{{kyujitai of|温度計}} =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|wen1du4ji4|noun|計測機器}} {{yue-cat|wan1dou6gai3|noun|計測機器}} {{nan-cat|un1too7ke3|noun|計測機器}} {{nan-tws-cat|ung1dou7goi3|noun|計測機器}} {{wuu-cat|uen1du3ci3|noun|計測機器}} ==={{pron}}=== {{cmn-pron|wēndùjì}} {{yue-pron|wan1 dou6 gai3}} {{nan-pron|tw,mg:un-tō͘-kè|t=ung1 dou7 goi3}} {{wuu-pron|sh:1uen du ci}} ==={{noun}}=== {{zhchar|溫度|計|s=温度计|mt=温度計}} #[[温度計]]。 ===={{syn}}==== *{{zh-l|溫度錶}} (wēndùbiǎo) =={{L|ko}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ko-head|noun|온도계|cat2=計測機器|head=[[溫度]] [[計]]}} #[[温度計]]。 fgzyhlq3jwjk0gdcnx3um7kyfdf1uhk 0 100624 2278208 1923550 2026-06-01T16:38:01Z Jiba1219 100610 2278208 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|おんどけい}} {{wikipedia}} =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanjitab|おん|ど|けい|yomi=o}} ==={{pron}}=== {{ja-pron|acc=0|acc_ref=SMK7,DJR|おんどけい}} {{ja-accent-common|region=京阪|h||おんどけー}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|head=[[温度]] [[計]]|おんどけい|kyu=溫度計}} # {{タグ|ja|計測機器|label=no}} 温度を[[測定]]する[[計器]]。 ===={{rel}}==== *[[黒球]] ===={{trans}}==== {{trans-top}} * {{T|ar}}: {{t|ar|ترمومتر|m|tr=tirmumítr}} * {{T|it}}: {{t|it|termometro|m}} * {{T|ia}}: {{t-|ia|thermometro}} * {{T|vo}}: {{t|vo|tärmomet}} * {{T|en}}: {{t|en|thermometer}} * {{T|nl}}: {{t|nl|thermometer|m}} * {{T|ca}}: {{t|ca|termòmetre|m}} * {{T|el}}: {{t|el|θερμόμετρο|m|tr=thermómetro}} * {{T|sv}}: {{t|sv|termometer|c}} * {{T|gd}}: {{t-|gd|teas-mheidh|f}} * {{T|es}}: {{t|es|termómetro|m}} * {{T|sw}}: {{t|sw|vikipimajoto}} * {{T|cs}}: {{t|cs|teploměr|m}} * {{T|zh}}: {{t|zh|溫度計|sc=Hani}}, {{t|zh|温度计|tr=wēndùjì|sc=Hani}} * {{T|ko}}: {{t|ko|온도계|tr=ondogye|sc=Kore}} ({{t|ko|溫度計|sc=Kore}}) * {{T|de}}: {{t|de|Thermometer|n}}, {{qualifier|オーストリア, スイスドイツ語}} {{t|de|Thermometer|m}} * {{T|nv}}: {{tø|nv|hadoh dóó hakʼaz neiłkidígíí}} * {{T|hu}}: {{t|hu|hőmérő}} * {{T|fi}}: {{t|fi|lämpömittari}} * {{T|fr}}: {{t|fr|thermomètre|m}} * {{T|bg}}: {{t-|bg|термометър|tr=termometur|m}} * {{T|vi}}: {{t|vi|nhiệt kế}} * {{T|he}}: {{t|he|מדחם|tr=mad'chom}} * {{T|pl}}: {{t|pl|termometr|m}} * {{T|pt}}: {{t|pt|termômetro|m}} * {{T|mk}}: {{t-|mk|термометар|m|tr=termométar}}, {{t-|mk|топломер|m|tr=toplomér}} * {{T|ms}}: {{t|ms|jangka suhu}} * {{T|la}}: {{t-|la|thermometrus|m}} * {{T|ro}}: {{t|ro|termometru|n}} * {{T|ru}}: {{t|ru|термометр|m|tr=termómetr}} {{trans-bottom}} ===脚注=== {{Reflist}} r81dkztvm124c5hxlntf6anmgk3oqzn 2278209 2278208 2026-06-01T16:42:47Z Jiba1219 100610 2278209 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|おんどけい}} {{wikipedia}} =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanjitab|おん|ど|けい|yomi=o}} ==={{pron}}=== {{ja-pron|acc=0|acc_ref=SMK7,DJR|おんどけい}} {{ja-accent-common|region=京阪|h||おんどけー}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|head=[[温度]] [[計]]|おんどけい|kyu=溫度計}} # {{タグ|ja|計測機器|label=no}} 温度を[[測定]]する[[計器]]。 ===={{rel}}==== *[[黒球]] ===={{trans}}==== {{trans-top}} * {{T|ar}}: {{t|ar|ترمومتر|m|tr=tirmumítr}} * {{T|it}}: {{t|it|termometro|m}} * {{T|ia}}: {{t-|ia|thermometro}} * {{T|vo}}: {{t|vo|tärmomet}} * {{T|en}}: {{t|en|thermometer}} * {{T|nl}}: {{t|nl|thermometer|m}} * {{T|ca}}: {{t|ca|termòmetre|m}} * {{T|el}}: {{t|el|θερμόμετρο|m|tr=thermómetro}} * {{T|sv}}: {{t|sv|termometer|c}} * {{T|gd}}: {{t-|gd|teas-mheidh|f}} * {{T|es}}: {{t|es|termómetro|m}} * {{T|sw}}: {{t|sw|vikipimajoto}} * {{T|cs}}: {{t|cs|teploměr|m}} * {{T|zh}}: {{t|zh|溫度計|sc=Hani}}, {{t|zh|温度计|tr=wēndùjì|sc=Hani}} * {{T|ko}}: {{t|ko|온도계|tr=ondogye|sc=Kore}} ({{t|ko|溫度計|sc=Kore}}) * {{T|de}}: {{t|de|Thermometer|n}}, {{qualifier|オーストリア, スイスドイツ語}} {{t|de|Thermometer|m}} * {{T|nv}}: {{tø|nv|hadoh dóó hakʼaz neiłkidígíí}} * {{T|hu}}: {{t|hu|hőmérő}} * {{T|fi}}: {{t|fi|lämpömittari}} * {{T|fr}}: {{t|fr|thermomètre|m}} * {{T|bg}}: {{t-|bg|термометър|tr=termometur|m}} * {{T|vi}}: {{t|vi|nhiệt kế}} * {{T|he}}: {{t|he|מדחם|tr=mad'chom}} * {{T|pl}}: {{t|pl|termometr|m}} * {{T|pt}}: {{t|pt|termômetro|m}} * {{T|mk}}: {{t-|mk|термометар|m|tr=termométar}}, {{t-|mk|топломер|m|tr=toplomér}} * {{T|ms}}: {{t|ms|jangka suhu}} * {{T|la}}: {{t-|la|thermometrus|m}} * {{T|ro}}: {{t|ro|termometru|n}} * {{T|ru}}: {{t|ru|термометр|m|tr=termómetr}} {{trans-bottom}} ===脚注=== {{Reflist}} =={{L|zh}}== ==={{zh-mt}}=== {{zhchar|温度|計}}(wēndùjì) #{{zh-mt of|溫度計|sort=wen1du4ji4}} 9w3h207w2u854jb7070dtgxkbirla1w 0 110805 2278202 1479677 2026-06-01T16:07:38Z Jiba1219 100610 2278202 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|しょうこう}} {{wikipedia}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[しょうこう]]|kyu=將校}} [[Category:{{ja}}_軍事]] #[[軍隊]]で[[少尉]][[以上]]の[[階級]]で[[兵科]]に属している[[武官]]のこと。 ===={{rel}}==== * [[士官]] ===={{trans}}==== {{trans-top}} *{{ar}}:[[ضابط]] (DaabiT) {{m}} *{{hy}}:[[սպա]] (spa) *{{de}}:[[Offizier]] {{m}} *{{en}}:[[officier]] *{{fa}}:[[همافر]] ,[[افسر]] (homā-far) *{{fr}}:[[officier]] {{m}} *{{he}}:[[קצין]] (katsin) {{m}} *{{it}}:[[ufficiale]] *{{ko}}:[[장교]] (janggyo) *{{ru}}:[[офицер]] (oficér) {{m}} *{{zh}}:[[將校]]/[[将校]] (jiàngxiào) {{trans-bottom}} =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|jiang4xiao4|noun|軍事}} {{yue-cat|jeung3gaau3|noun|軍事}} {{nan-cat|chiong3kau3|noun|軍事}} ==={{pron}}=== {{cmn-pron|jiàngxiào|z=n}} {{yue-pron|zoeng3 gaau3|h=n}} {{nan-pron|qz,xm:chiòng-kàu/zz:chiàng-kàu}} ==={{noun}}=== {{zhchars|t=將校}} #（日本語に同じ）将校。 9bli7cabehyl2sny1irmeigc31jzlhq 0 110806 2278201 1513472 2026-06-01T16:01:32Z Jiba1219 100610 2278201 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|しょうこう}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kyujitai}}=== {{ja-kyujitai|しょうこう}} #{{kyujitai of|将校}} =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|jiang4xiao4|noun|軍事}} {{yue-cat|jeung3gaau3|noun|軍事}} {{nan-cat|chiong3kau3|noun|軍事}} ==={{pron}}=== {{cmn-pron|jiàngxiào}} {{yue-pron|zoeng3 gaau3}} {{nan-pron|qz,xm:chiòng-kàu/zz:chiàng-kàu}} ==={{noun}}=== {{zhchars|s=将校}} #[[将校]]。 =={{L|ko}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ko-head|noun|장교|cat2=軍事}} #[[将校]]。 t0pjqxsikma6gmxvzg767z0op1w7fps 0 113141 2278367 1437991 2026-06-02T08:44:52Z M-30722 1202 2278367 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|de}}== ==={{pron}}=== *{{IPA|lang=de|baɪ̯ls}} ==={{noun}}=== {{de-noun-form}} #{{l|de|Beil}}の単数属格。 ===={{syn}}==== * [[Beiles]] 3iubik0n89itxbaqadzil4fse1f3ubc 0 113142 2278368 1437992 2026-06-02T08:45:10Z M-30722 1202 2278368 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|de}}== ==={{pron}}=== *{{IPA|lang=de|baɪ̯ləs}} ==={{noun}}=== {{de-noun-form}} #{{l|de|Beil}}の単数属格。 ===={{syn}}==== * [[Beils]] s4qjl3ivqrisde5ean6si3a6c0jvrox 0 113143 2278363 1437993 2026-06-02T08:43:30Z M-30722 1202 2278363 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{de}}== ==={{pron}}=== * {{IPA|lang=de|ˈbaɪ̯lə}} ==={{noun}}=== {{de-noun-form}} #{{l|de|Beil}}の複数主格。 #{{l|de|Beil}}の複数属格。 #{{l|de|Beil}}の複数対格。 5ecppv99svx33exv0nvknuocd49ivhb 0 113145 2278365 1437994 2026-06-02T08:44:08Z M-30722 1202 2278365 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|de}}== ==={{pron}}=== *{{IPA|lang=de|ˈbaɪ̯lən}} ==={{noun}}=== {{de-noun-form}} #{{l|de|Beil}}の複数与格。 =={{L|lb}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{head|lb|noun|g=n|{{p}}:|Beilen}} #{{タグ|lb|調理}}[[包丁]]。 m8m4m3o0j8r77h7g3k2dnk8ki3nfxap 0 116898 2278188 585607 2026-06-01T13:05:28Z うーむ 129171 [[ふじ#名詞:富士]] へのリダイレクトを解除しました 2278188 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|ふし}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[ふし]]}} #[[とめる|富める]]人。 ==={{wagokanji}}=== {{ja-wagokanji|ふじ}} #{{wagokanji of|ふじ}} 55agovehftxt8lsnueyxcnsual15qos 0 119585 2278357 1628508 2026-06-02T08:39:53Z M-30722 1202 2278357 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|เล็น}} =={{L|th}}== ==={{alter}}=== * {{alter+|th|เหล้น||廃用}} ==={{pron}}=== {{th-pron|เล็่น}} ==={{verb}}=== {{th-verb}} #{{おくりがな2|遊|あそ|ぶ|あそぶ}} 4f5f3k9hal3ubsciumv1d3lp87gncd2 0 120545 2278166 1480544 2026-06-01T12:08:54Z Daxidawiki 126582 Fix template 2278166 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|ようれい}} {{WiktionaryPage|ウィクショナリーにおける用例の提示については、[[Wiktionary:用例]]をご覧ください。}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[ようれい]]}} # [[もちいる|用いら]]れた例、用いる例。特に[[語句]]や[[言語]][[表現]]についていう。 #* [[必要]]に[[応]]じてその[[語]]の[[出所]]、又は'''用例'''などの[[証拠]]を[[あげる|挙げる]]事は[[著者]]の[[責任]]を重くするための事で（…） （[[w:山田美妙|山田美妙]]『日本大辞書』）〔1892年〕 #* [[乗法]][[公式]]'''用例''' （後藤嘉之、美島近一郎『代数学表解』）〔1905年〕 #* 「[[ただ|直]]に」は、[[うつしみ|現身]]と現身と[[直接]]に会うことで、それゆえ[[万葉]]に'''用例'''が[[なかなか]]多い。 （[[w:斎藤茂吉|斎藤茂吉]]『万葉秀歌』）〔1938年〕 #* [[w:近松門左衛門|近松]]の[[語彙]]にあっては、「[[きづかひ|気遣]]」は、その数に[[おいて|於て]]、'''用例'''二七一と云う[[あまりにも|余りにも]][[文献]]的に[[爆発的]]となって来るのである。 （[[w:中井正一|中井正一]]『言語は生きている』）〔1950年〕 #* （…）[[基本]][[法]]の中で「[[可能]]な[[かぎり|限り]]」という[[ことば|言葉]]を使っている'''用例'''で[[ございます]]けれども、[[たった]]三つしかございません。 （[[w:小西洋之|小西洋之]]、 第180回国会　予算委員会　第8号）〔2012年〕 ===={{pron|ja}}==== ;東京アクセント :よ↗ーれー ===={{rel}}==== * [[例文]] * [[例句]] * [[文例]] * [[作例]] * [[引用]] ===={{trans}}==== * {{en}}: {{t|en|quotation}} * {{zh}}: {{t|zh|例句}} djuu15btowc4s5zg2kaggxya3elnclx 0 123552 2278181 1702999 2026-06-01T12:32:23Z Daxidawiki 126582 Fix template 2278181 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[戦]]い|[[闘]]い}} #[[たたかう|戦う]]こと。 #[[競争]]。[[しあい|試合]]。 ===={{pron}}==== {{ja-pron|acc=0}} {{ja-accent-common|region=京阪|h||たたかい}} ===={{trans}}==== {{top}} *{{T|ain}}: {{t|ain|tumi}}, {{t|ain|rorunpe}} *{{T|en}}: {{t|en|fight}}, {{t|en|combat}}, {{t|en|battle}} *{{T|nl}}: {{t|nl|gevecht|n}}, {{t|nl|strijd|m}}, {{t|nl|slag|m}} *{{T|de}}: {{t|de|Kampf|m}}, {{t|de|Gefecht|n}}, {{t|de|Schlacht|f}} *{{T|nb}}: {{t|no|slåsskamp|m}}, {{t|no|kamp|m}}, {{t|no|slag|n}} *{{T|fi}}: {{t|fi|tappelu}}, {{t|fi|kamppailu}}, {{t|fi|taistelu}} *{{T|fr}}: {{t|fr|lutte|f}}, {{t|fr|combat|m}}, {{t|fr|bataille|f}} *{{T|pl}}: {{t|pl|walka|f}}, {{t|pl|bój|m}}, {{t|pl|bitwa|f}} *{{T|ru}}: {{t|ru|борьба|tr=bor'bá|f}}, {{t|ru|бой|tr=boj|m}}, {{t|ru|битва|tr=bítva|f}} {{bottom}} ==={{verb}}=== {{head|ja|動詞 活用形}} #「[[たたかう]]」の連用形。 irnuscxktngsgz64luame7gflruq9x3 0 131914 2278267 2223750 2026-06-02T06:20:16Z Jiba1219 100610 2278267 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|gáta|gâta|gåta}} =={{L|ca}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ca-noun|f}} [[Category:{{ca}}_哺乳類]] #（雌の）{{ふりがな|猫|ねこ}}。 ===={{rel}}==== * [[gat]] =={{L|fj}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{head|fj|noun}} [[Category:{{fj}}_動物]] #{{ふりがな|蛇|へび}}。 =={{L|hil}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{head|hil|noun}} [[Category:{{hil}}_食品]] #[[ココナッツミルク]]。 =={{L|is}}== ==={{pron}}=== * {{IPA|ˈkaːta|lang=is}} * {{rhymes|aːta}} ==={{etym}}1=== {{etyl|non|is}} ''[[gata]]'' < {{proto|Germanic|gatwǭ}} ===={{noun}}==== {{is-noun|f|götu|götur}} [[Category:{{is}}_交通]] #{{ふりがな|道|みち}}、{{おくりがな2|通|とお|り|とおり}}。 {{is-decl-noun-f-w1|g|a|t|n=n}} ====={{drv}}===== * [[aðalgata]] * [[gatnamót]] * [[götustrákur]] ==={{etym}}2=== ''[[gat]]'' ===={{verb}}==== {{is-verb-weak|gataði|gatað}} #{{context|transitive|lang=is}}[[貫通]]する。 #{{context|transitive|lang=is}}{{ふりがな|穴|あな}}を{{おくりがな2|開|あ|ける|あける}}。 #{{context|intransitive|informal|lang=is}}（質問に）[[窮]]する。 {{is-conj-w4|g|a|t}} ====={{drv}}===== * [[gatari]] =={{L|non}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{proto|Germanic|gatwǭ}} ==={{noun}}=== {{non-noun|f|gǫtu|gǫtur}} [[Category:{{non}}_交通]] #{{ふりがな|道|みち}}、{{おくりがな2|通|とお|り|とおり}}。 {{non-decl-noun|gata|gǫtu|gǫtu|gǫtu|gatan|gǫtuna|gǫtunni|gǫtunnar|gǫtur|gǫtur|gǫtum|gatna|gǫturnar|gǫturnar|gǫtunum|gatnanna}} =={{L|pt}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|la|pt}} ''[[catta]]'' ==={{noun}}=== {{pt-noun-f|plural=gatas}} [[Category:{{pt}}_食肉類]] #（雌の）{{ふりがな|猫|ねこ}}。 #{{context|slang|lang=pt}}[[絶世]]の[[美女]]。 ===={{rel}}==== * [[gato]] {{m}} =={{L|ro}}== ==={{etym}}=== 諸説あるが{{proto|Slavic|gotov}}か ==={{adjective}}=== {{ro-adj|1}} #{{おくりがな2|進|すす|んで|すすんで}}～する。 #{{おくりがな2|済|す|んだ|すむ}}。 ===={{syn}}==== * [[terminat]] {{ro-adj-1}} ==={{adverb}}=== {{head|ro|adverb}} #進んで、[[自発的]]に。 =={{L|es}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|la|es}} ''[[catta]]'' ==={{noun}}=== {{es-noun|f|m=gato}} [[Category:{{es}}_食肉類]] #（雌の）{{ふりがな|猫|ねこ}}。 {{es-noun|f}} #[[カージャック]]、[[自動車]][[強奪]]。 ===={{rel}}==== * [[gato]] {{m}} * [[gatear]] =={{L|sv}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|gmq-osw|sv}} [[#{{gmq-osw}}|gata]] < {{etyl|non|sv}} [[#{{non}}|gata]] < {{etyl|gem-pro|sv}} {{recons|lang=gem-pro|gatwǭ}} ==={{pron}}=== * {{IPA|ˈgɑːˌta|lang=sv}} * 発音 :[[File:Sv-gata.ogg]] ==={{noun}}=== {{sv-noun|g=c}} [[Category:{{sv}}_交通]] #{{おくりがな2|通|とお|り|とおり}}。[[道路]]。{{ふりがな|道|みち}}。 {{sv-infl-noun-c-or|gat}} ===={{rel}}==== {{rel-top|colwidth=11em}} * [[bakgata]] * [[gatbeläggning]] * [[gatbredd]] * [[gatbuller]] * [[gatflicka]] * [[gathus]] * [[gathörn]] * [[gatkamomill]] * [[gatkrasse]] * [[gatlopp]] * [[gatlykta]] * [[gatläggare]] * [[gatläggning]] * [[gatpojke]] * [[gatskylt]] * [[gatsmuts]] * [[gatsopare]] * [[gatsten]] * [[gatstrykare]] * [[gatstump]] * [[gatuadress]] * [[gatuarbete]] * [[gatubarn]] * [[gatubelysning]] * [[gatubeläggning]] * [[gatubild]] * [[gatubredd]] * [[gatubuller]] * [[gatuchef]] * [[gatudemonstration]] * [[gatudirektör]] * [[gatudörr]] * [[gatufest]] * [[gatufrid]] * [[gatuförsäljare]] * [[gatuförsäljning]] * [[gatuhus]] * [[gatukontor]] * [[gatukors]] * [[gatukorsning]] * [[gatukravaller]] * [[gatukök]] * [[gatuliv]] * [[gatumark]] * [[gatumiljö]] * [[gatumusik]] * [[gatumusikant]] * [[gatumusiker]] * [[gatumynning]] * [[gatunamn]] * [[gatunge]] * [[gatunivå]] * [[gatunämnd]] * [[gatunät]] * [[gatuoroligheter]] * [[gatuparkering]] * [[gatuplan]] * [[gatupplopp]] * [[gatuprostitution]] * [[gatureglering]] * [[gaturenhållning]] * [[gaturum]] * [[gatuskylt]] * [[gatusmart]] * [[gatustrid]] * [[gatustånd]] * [[gatusystem]] * [[gatuteater]] * [[gatutrafik]] * [[gatutrafikant]] * [[gatuunderhåll]] * [[gatuupplopp]] * [[gatuvimmel]] * [[gatuvåld]] * [[gatvimmel]] * [[gågata]] * [[huvudgata]] * [[kraftledningsgata]] * [[mångata]] * [[sidogata]] * [[stadsgata]] * [[tvärgata]] {{rel-bottom}} =={{L|tl}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{head|tgl|noun}} [[Category:{{tl}}_食品]] #[[ココナッツミルク]]。 mzo5ae57clipnf5fb4dy01dn07wd95x 0 134666 2278168 1482195 2026-06-01T12:12:52Z Daxidawiki 126582 Fix template 2278168 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|かんきつるい}} {{wikipedia}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|かんきつるい}} [[Category:{{ja}}_植物学]] # ミカン科に属する植物の総称。 # 1.の果実 ===={{trans}}==== {{trans-top}} * {{en}}: {{t+|en|citrus}}, {{t+|en|citrus fruit}} * {{zh}}: {{t+|zh|桔子}}, {{t+|zh|橘子}} * {{fr}}: {{t+|fr|agrume|m}} {{trans-bottom}} 17q2qlgs0olx5m7cz6pyr6rzhihcoyo 0 138472 2278174 638149 2026-06-01T12:26:17Z うーむ 129171 /* */ 2278174 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana|h=y}} *【[[数学]]】:数量や空間図形などの性質について研究する学問。 *【[[趨学]]】:就学すること。 eyd5uakxd81seh0rgcido3ikf048p95 2278176 2278174 2026-06-01T12:27:44Z うーむ 129171 /* */ 2278176 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|すうかく}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana|h=y}} *【[[数学]]】:数量や空間図形などの性質について研究する学問。 *【[[趨学]]】:就学すること。 aodyr2gih4egqdgrskt5qz756ltlcvv 0 139486 2278380 1642166 2026-06-02T09:08:04Z Daxidawiki 126582 Fix template 2278380 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DEFAULTSORT:しようかきかん しょうかきかん}} =={{ja}}== [[category:{{ja}}]] {{ picdic | image=Digestive appareil (numbered version).png | width=310 | detail1= 1= [[食道]] 2= [[肝臓]] 3= [[十二指腸]] 4= [[胃]] 5= [[小腸]] 6= [[盲腸]] 7= [[大腸]] 8= [[虫垂]] 9= [[直腸]] 10= [[肛門]] }} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|しょうかきかん|head=[[消化]][[器官]]}} #{{context|anatomy|lang=ja}}[[動物]]の[[器官]]のうち、[[食物]]の[[消化]]・[[吸収]]及び[[栄養分]]の[[備蓄]]を[[つかさどる|司る]]もの。 ===={{syn}}==== *[[消化器]] *[[消化管]] ===={{hyper}}==== *[[内臓]] *[[臓器]] ===={{hypo}}==== *消化管 *:[[口腔]]-[[咽頭]]-[[食道]]-[[胃]]-[[腸]]（[[十二指腸]]-[[小腸]]-[[盲腸]]-[[大腸]]-[[結腸]]-[[直腸]]）-[[肛門]] *付属器官 *:[[肝臓]]-[[胆嚢]]-[[胆管]] *:[[膵臓]] ===={{coor}}==== *[[呼吸器]] *[[循環器]] *[[泌尿器]]([[排出器]]) *[[生殖器]] *[[感覚器]] ===={{trans}}==== {{top}} * {{cs}}: {{t|cs|trávicí trakt|m}}, {{t|cs|zažívací trakt|m}}, {{t|cs|gastrointestinální trakt|m}} * {{de}}: {{t+|de|Verdauungstrakt|m}} * {{en}}: {{t+|en|digestive tract}}, {{t+|en|alimentary canal}} * {{es}}: {{t+|es|tubo digestivo|m}}, {{t|es|pasaje digestivo|m}} * {{fi}}: {{t+|fi|ruoansulatuskanava}} * {{fr}}: {{t+|fr|tube digestif|m}} * {{ga}}: {{t|ga|canáil an bhia|f}} * {{it}}: {{t|it|apparato digerente|m}} * {{la}}: {{t|la|stomachus|m}} * {{ru}}: {{t|ru|пищеварительный тракт|m|tr=piščevarítelʹnyj trakt|sc=Cyrl}}, {{t+|ru|кишечник|m|tr=kišéčnik}} * {{th}}: {{t|th|ระบบย่อยอาหาร|tr=rá-bòp yôi aa-hăan|sc=Thai}} * {{zh}}: {{t+|cmn|消化道|tr=xiāohuàdào|sc=Hani}}, {{t+|cmn|消化系統|sc=Hani}}, {{t|cmn|消化系统|tr=xāohuà xìtǒng|sc=Hani}} {{bottom}} ---- =={{ko}}== [[Category:{{ko}}|소화기관]] ==={{noun}}=== [[Category:{{ko}}_{{noun}}|소화기관]] [[Category:{{ko}}_解剖学|소화기관]] {{lang|ko|'''消化器官'''（[[소화기관]]）}} # （日本語に同じ） 451md99aw17p25ampof5b3szytoc4m7 2278424 2278380 2026-06-02T10:02:52Z M-30722 1202 訳語並べ替え等 2278424 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|しょうかきかん}} =={{L|ja}}== {{ picdic | image=Digestive appareil (numbered version).png | width=310 | detail1= 1= [[食道]] 2= [[肝臓]] 3= [[十二指腸]] 4= [[胃]] 5= [[小腸]] 6= [[盲腸]] 7= [[大腸]] 8= [[虫垂]] 9= [[直腸]] 10= [[肛門]] }} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|しょうかきかん|head=[[消化]][[器官]]}} #{{context|anatomy|lang=ja}}[[動物]]の[[器官]]のうち、[[食物]]の[[消化]]・[[吸収]]及び[[栄養分]]の[[備蓄]]を[[つかさどる|司る]]もの。 ===={{syn}}==== *[[消化器]] *[[消化管]] ===={{hyper}}==== *[[内臓]] *[[臓器]] ===={{hypo}}==== *消化管 *:[[口腔]]-[[咽頭]]-[[食道]]-[[胃]]-[[腸]]（[[十二指腸]]-[[小腸]]-[[盲腸]]-[[大腸]]-[[結腸]]-[[直腸]]）-[[肛門]] *付属器官 *:[[肝臓]]-[[胆嚢]]-[[胆管]] *:[[膵臓]] ===={{coor}}==== *[[呼吸器]] *[[循環器]] *[[泌尿器]]([[排出器]]) *[[生殖器]] *[[感覚器]] ===={{trans}}==== {{top}} *{{T|ga}}: {{t|ga|canáil an bhia|f}} *{{T|it}}: {{t|it|apparato digerente|m}} *{{T|en}}: {{t|en|digestive tract}}, {{t|en|alimentary canal}} *{{T|es}}: {{t|es|tubo digestivo|m}}, {{t|es|pasaje digestivo|m}} *{{T|th}}: {{t|th|ระบบย่อยอาหาร}} *{{T|cs}}: {{t|cs|trávicí trakt|m}}, {{t|cs|zažívací trakt|m}}, {{t|cs|gastrointestinální trakt|m}} *{{T|zh}}: {{t|cmn|消化道|tr=xiāohuàdào}}, {{t|cmn|消化系統}}, {{t|cmn|消化系统|tr=xāohuà xìtǒng}} *{{T|de}}: {{t|de|Verdauungstrakt|m}} *{{T|fi}}: {{t|fi|ruoansulatuskanava}} *{{T|fr}}: {{t|fr|tube digestif|m}} *{{T|la}}: {{t|la|stomachus|m}} *{{T|ru}}: {{t|ru|пищеварительный тракт|m}}, {{t|ru|кишечник|m}} {{bottom}} =={{L|ko}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ko-head|noun|소화기관|cat2=解剖学}} # （日本語に同じ） 3cspqycpohyhvk4l11r2m56je0z0y5z 0 139575 2278354 1194165 2026-06-02T08:38:13Z 鍼灸 112313 2278354 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|たいまん}} =={{ja}}== ==={{alter}}=== *[[怠嫚]] ==={{noun}}・{{adjectivenoun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[たいまん]]}} #しなければならないことを[[なまける|怠ける]]こと。 #*しかし、どんな理由があつたにせよ、二回開かれた委員会のいづれにも出席できなかつたのは、私のやゝ勝手な都合であつて、これは委員の一人として[[怠慢]]の[[そしり]]をまぬかれない。（[[w:岸田國士|岸田國士]] 『棄権 ――芥川賞（第二十三回）選後評――』） ===={{conjug}}==== {{日本語ダ活用}} [[カテゴリ:日中で意味が大きく異なる漢語]] ===={{trans}}==== 名詞形 *{{en}}:[[negligence]] 形容詞形 *{{en}}:[[negligent]] =={{zh}}== [[Category:{{zh}}|dai4man4]] ==={{verb}}=== [[Category:{{zh}}_{{verb}}|dai4man4]] {{zhchar|怠|慢}}（dàimàn） #[[軽視]]して扱う。 #客を軽んじて扱う。 #*別'''怠慢'''了这位客人 #*:お客様に[[粗相]]の無いように。 ==={{interj}}=== [[Category:{{zh}}_{{interj}}|dai4man4]] {{zhchar|怠|慢}}（dàimàn） #（客を送り出す際に）お構いもしませんで。 [[Category:HSKレベル6級|dai4man4]] [[Category:HSKレベル丁|dai4man4]] 5lu1ntmfomagmowh5sv76ozyqeqysqs 0 154788 2278276 1059130 2026-06-02T06:23:41Z Daxidawiki 126582 Fix template 2278276 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|げいどう}} =={{L|ja}}== {{wikipedia}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|げいどう}} [[Category:日本語 芸術]] #[[芸能]]・[[技芸]]を日本独自の精神性を背景として体系化したもの。 #*「[[書道]]」「[[茶道]]」「[[華道]]」、すべて「'''芸道'''」のうちにはひりますが、これら「[[芸道]]」は、男女ともに、その[[余裕]]あるものは、「[[たしなみ|嗜み]]」としていくぶんづつは身につけるのが普通でありました。それぞれ専門の[[師匠]]があつて、深くその道に入るに従つて、「[[免許]]」といふものが授けられます。（[[w:岸田國士|岸田國士]] 『日本文化の特質 ――力としての文化 第二話』） 6r098bz78mvphdqjoic38z2b3gd79c2 0 154789 2278306 741737 2026-06-02T07:04:57Z Daxidawiki 126582 Fix template 2278306 wikitext text/x-wiki {{wikipedia}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[かどう]]}} (異表記:[[花道]]) [[Category:{{ja}} 芸術|かとう かどう]] # [[日本]]の[[芸道]]の一つで[[植物]]の[[花]]や[[葉]]、[[茎]]、[[枝]]などを花器に入れ美しく形を整えて鑑賞するものでさらに[[礼式]]や[[作法]]を加えたもの。 ===={{rel}}==== *[[いけばな]] [[cs:華道]] [[en:華道]] ccrk30a2mgj3u7udqbgegos3vcj1blz 0 171719 2278301 2166208 2026-06-02T06:50:48Z 鍼灸 112313 2278301 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|しょがん|じょかん|じょがん}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana|h=y}} *【[[書簡]]・[[書翰]]】[[てがみ|手紙]]。 *【[[書巻]]】[[書籍]]。[[書物]]。 *【[[書函]]】①手紙を[[いれる|入れる]][[はこ|箱]]。②書物を入れる箱。 *【[[所感]]】何かに対して[[おもう|思い]]、[[感じる]]事柄。思い、感じられる物事。 *【[[所管]]】ある[[事務]]をそこの[[責任]]として[[管理]]すること。また、その[[範囲]]。 *【[[初刊]]】[[最初]]の[[刊行]]。また、その[[刊行物]]。 *【[[初巻]]】最初の[[巻]]。 *【[[初感]]】[[初感染]]。 *【[[暑寒]]】[[あつさ|暑さ]]と[[さむさ|寒さ]]。 5xb1axh3rpdwfojh1lk5siyoizc83ca 0 173487 2278266 1793140 2026-06-02T06:19:52Z ~2026-32700-67 131758 2278266 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|ja}}== ==={{pron}}=== {{ja-pron|acc=2}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun}}【[[ワ]][[冠]]】 [[Category:漢字 部首]] # [[漢字]]の[[部首]]「[[⼍‎]]」の呼称の一つ ほかにも覆うの象形という意味もある afcds3ii8fhmrcnam8y37ex9ln20jxn 0 174110 2278467 1487276 2026-06-02T10:41:50Z M-30722 1202 2278467 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|あんごうぶん}} {{wikipedia}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{pron}}=== {{ja-pron|あんごうぶん|acc=3|acc2=0}} {{ja-accent-common|region=京阪|a|あんご|ーぶん}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|head=[[暗号]][[文]]|[[あんごうぶん]]}} # [[暗号]]を使った[[文]]。 #{{タグ|ja|情報技術}}[[暗号化]]された[[文]]や[[データ]]。 ===={{ant}}==== *[[平文]] ===={{trans}}==== *{{T|en}}: {{t|en|ciphertext}}, {{t|en|cipher text}} dkor2s3cwyefjpmtyurhsmklqifb5ki 0 174200 2278454 1926531 2026-06-02T10:13:56Z Daxidawiki 126582 Fix template 2278454 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{verb}}=== {{ja-verb|[[並]]べ[[替]]える}} #{{タグ|ja|他動詞}} [[ならぶ|並ん]]でいるものを[[いれかえる|入れ替え]]、[[順序]]を[[かえる|変える]]。 ===={{conjug}}==== {{日本語下一段活用}} ===={{rel}}==== *[[配列]]、[[ソート]]、[[昇順]]、[[降順]]、[[逆順]] 5xtg45cqtfrvwos2zivf4fwlitfzlsv 0 174201 2278453 1487303 2026-06-02T10:13:12Z Daxidawiki 126582 Fix template 2278453 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|ならべかえ}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[並]]べ[[替]]え}} # [[ならべかえる|並べ替える]]こと。[[ソート]]。 ===={{rel}}==== *[[配列]] jkinkxzk6e3asuadx67nj5plopjkb83 0 174548 2278235 1618799 2026-06-01T23:13:27Z Nekowokezuru 125841 /* 類義語 */ 2278235 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DEFAULTSORT:てきあい できあい}} =={{ja}}== [[Category:{{ja}}]] === {{noun}} === [[Category:{{ja}} {{noun}}]] '''できあい'''【'''[[出]][[来]][[合]]い'''】 # [[すでに|既に]]作っている[[こと|事]]。また作ってある[[品物]]。「-の物」 # [[男女]]が[[密通]]する事。 # [[ありあわせ|有り合わせ]]である事。 ===={{syn}}==== * [[既製]] * [[密通]] ===={{ant}}==== * [[あつらえ]] ===={{comp}}==== * [[出来合い夫婦]] ==={{homonym}}=== [[Category:{{ja}}_同音異義]] '''{{PAGENAME}}''' *【[[溺愛]]】むやみやたらに可愛がること。 3h6rps01a5ettndmhfx59n12mxxavl5 0 174905 2278359 2278157 2026-06-02T08:41:28Z M-30722 1202 2278359 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|しょどう|じょとう|じょどう}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana|h=y}} *【[[初等]]】[[最初]]の[[等級]]。 *【[[初頭]]】[[期間]]・[[年代]]などの[[はじめ|初め]]。 *【[[初冬]]】①[[ふゆ|冬]]の初めの頃。②[[陰暦]][[十月]]。 *【[[初唐]]】唐代を四分した第一期。618年～712年。 *【[[蔗糖]]】[[スクロース]]。 *【[[諸島]]】ある[[区域]]に[[散在]]する[[おおく|多く]]の[[しま|島]]。 *【[[諸等]]】[[さまざま|様々]]な等級。 *【[[所当]]】①[[中世]]の[[租税]]。②[[相当]]すること。 *【[[書套]]】[[書物]]の[[おおい|覆い]]。 *【[[書刀]]】[[かみ|紙]]を[[きる|切る]]ための[[こがたな|小刀]]。 dcyrygannmr5lt1xjcoha9typy33pnk 0 176351 2278310 1926642 2026-06-02T07:43:31Z Daxidawiki 126582 Fix template 2278310 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{pron}}=== {{ja-pron|acc=2}} {{ja-accent-common|region=京阪|h||いどむ}} ==={{verb}}=== {{ja-verb|[[挑]]む}} #[[たたかい|戦い]]などを[[しかける|仕掛ける]]。 #[[困難]]な物事などに[[たちむかう|立ち向かう]]。 ===={{conjug}}==== {{日本語五段活用}} =={{L|ojp}}== ==={{pron}}=== {{ojp-pron-verb-3-2|い|ど|む}} ==={{verb}}=== {{head|ojp|verb}}【[[挑]]む】 #[[競争]]する。{{おくりがな3|張|は|り|合|あ|う|はりあう}}。 #{{おくりがな2|戦|たたか|い|たたかい}}などを{{おくりがな3|仕|し||掛|か|ける|しかける}}。 #{{ふりがな|恋|こい}}を仕掛ける。{{おくりがな2|言|い|い|寄|よ|る|いいよる}}。 ===={{conjug}}==== {{古典日本語四段活用|いど|む}} ===={{drv}}==== *[[いどまし]] *[[いどみ]] *[[いどみかはす]] ===={{desc}}==== *現代日本語: いどむ 4qo8c8on5o4jsnxxo39026s9pdwk5tb 0 179074 2278203 1488016 2026-06-01T16:10:53Z Jiba1219 100610 2278203 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|ほんたい}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{pron}}=== {{ja-pron|ほんたい|acc1=1|acc2=0}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[ほんたい]]|kyu=本體}} # [[構成物]]のうち、[[主]]となる[[部分]]。[[中核]]となるもの。[[付属物]]を除いたもの。[[価格]]で、[[税]]などを除いたもの。 # [[本当]]の姿。[[正体]]。[[素性]]。 # [[神社]]の[[神体]]。寺の[[本尊]]。 # {{context|philosophy|lang=jpn}}[[現象]]の背後にあって[[時空]]の[[制約]]を超えて[[存在]]すると考えられるもの。[[実体]]。[[実在]]。 ===={{trans}}==== *{{en}}: {{t|en|main}} eh9e7r7ghh7r8ods1l68ochdkk2xld3 0 201089 2278191 1490183 2026-06-01T14:08:41Z 鍼灸 112313 2278191 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} =={{ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana|h=y}} *【[[青竜]]】[[蒼竜]]。 *【[[声量]]】人の声の大きさ。 *【[[清涼]]】さわやかで涼しいこと。 *【[[精良]]】[[精巧]]。 *【[[凄涼]]】冷やかなさま。 *【[[凄寥]]】さびしいさま。 *【[[清亮]]】音が澄んでいる様。 o882twl7aop6ip2buqwq8lr3fupm2zd 2278192 2278191 2026-06-01T14:09:42Z 鍼灸 112313 2278192 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|ぜいりょう}} =={{ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana|h=y}} *【[[青竜]]】[[蒼竜]]。 *【[[声量]]】人の声の大きさ。 *【[[清涼]]】さわやかで涼しいこと。 *【[[精良]]】[[精巧]]。 *【[[凄涼]]】冷やかなさま。 *【[[凄寥]]】さびしいさま。 *【[[清亮]]】音が澄んでいる様。 glx3yxvhvjjydlhk0tw5o067uz8b7mp 0 201111 2278193 2076931 2026-06-01T14:10:33Z 鍼灸 112313 2278193 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} =={{ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana|h=y}} *【[[穀粒]]】[[穀物]]の[[つぶ|粒]]。 *【[[黒竜]]・[[黒龍]]】[[驪竜]]。 fd3z7am24zfq6hj50c8dqgv6nmfo588 0 201112 2278194 1490192 2026-06-01T14:11:53Z 鍼灸 112313 2278194 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} =={{ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana|h=y}} *【[[黒竜]], [[黒龍]]】[[驪竜]]。 *【[[国領]]】[[国衙領]]。 j5o8vk7q2tg8g5668dd5eyz7f197ktn 0 210918 2278177 1928056 2026-06-01T12:27:53Z Daxidawiki 126582 Fix template 2278177 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|とむらいがっせん}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{pron}}=== {{ja-pron|とむらいがっせん|acc=5}} {{ja-accent-common|region=京阪|a|とむらいが|っせん}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|とむらいがっせん}} #[[死者]]の仇を討つことでその[[霊]]を[[なぐさめる|慰める]]ための[[たたかい|戦い]]。 pzrj6ps4dfr7ru1r2ihajv3hb21sn89 2278178 2278177 2026-06-01T12:28:48Z Daxidawiki 126582 2278178 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|とむらいがっせん}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{pron}}=== {{ja-pron|とむらいがっせん|acc=5}} {{ja-accent-common|region=京阪|a|とむらいが|っせん}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|とむらいがっせん|head=[[弔]]い[[合戦]]}} #[[死者]]の仇を討つことでその[[霊]]を[[なぐさめる|慰める]]ための[[たたかい|戦い]]。 r111g57gyrfhyjoi3iteflxh5r20hrk 0 211983 2278182 1704990 2026-06-01T12:35:43Z Daxidawiki 126582 Fix template 2278182 wikitext text/x-wiki {{wikipedia}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[にちじ]]|[[じつじ]]}} #[[ひづけ|日付]]と[[時刻]]。 #*[[専門家]]による[[講演]]が行われます。'''日時'''は1月1日[[午前]]9時からです。 #[[日数]]と[[時間]]。 #*[[ふつか|2日]]と17[[時間]]の'''日時'''をかけて、[[東京]]に到着した。 =={{L|ko}}== [[Category:{{ko}}|일시]] ==={{noun}}=== [[Category:{{ko}}_{{noun}}|일시]] {{lang|ko|'''[[日#{{ko}}|日]][[時#{{ko}}|時]]'''（[[일시]]）}} #（日本語に同じ）日時。 de5qo25je4y1xdk2pjrfi9x46ajd9qd 0 217732 2278299 2039720 2026-06-02T06:42:14Z Jiba1219 100610 2278299 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|けいばつ}} =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanjitab|けい|ばつ|yomi=o}} {{wikipedia}} ==={{pron}}=== {{ja-pron|けいばつ|acc=1|acc_ref=DJR}} {{ja-accent-common|region=京阪|a|け|ーばつ}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[けいばつ]]}} # {{タグ|ja|法律}} [[つみ|罪]]を[[おかす|犯し]]た者に対して[[国家]]・[[地方自治体]]などが[[くわえる|加える]][[制裁]]。 ===={{comp}}==== * [[刑罰権]] * [[刑罰不遡及の原則]] * [[刑罰法令]] ===={{rel}}==== * [[処罰]] * [[懲罰]] ===={{trans}}==== {{trans-top}} * {{T|en}}: {{t|en|punishment}} * {{T|ru}}: {{t|ru|наказа́ние|n}} {{trans-bottom}} ===脚注=== <references /> =={{L|zh}}== ==={{pron}}=== {{cmn-pron|xíngfá}} {{yue-pron|jing4 fat6}} {{nan-pron|hêng-hoa̍t|t=hêng5 huag8}} {{hak-pron|hìn-fa̍t}} ==={{noun}}=== {{zhchars|s=刑罚}} #（日本語に同じ）刑罰。 {{zh-cat|xing2fa2|名詞|法律}} {{yue-cat|ying4fat6|名詞|法律}} {{nan-cat|heng5hoat8|名詞|法律}} {{nan-tws-cat|heng5huag8|名詞|法律}} {{hak-cat|hin2fat6|名詞|法律}} =={{L|ko}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ko-head|noun|형벌|cat2=法律}} #（日本語に同じ）刑罰。 =={{L|vi}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{vi-head|noun|hình|phạt|cat2=法律}} #（日本語に同じ）刑罰。 mn0rihh7kav6pmz6bh7136is7sbvvvi 0 221576 2278297 1494034 2026-06-02T06:39:26Z Daxidawiki 126582 Fix template 2278297 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|ぎげい}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{alter}}=== *[[伎芸]] *[[伎藝]] *[[技藝]] ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|ぎげい}} # [[美術]]や[[工芸]]などの[[技術]]。 # [[歌舞]]や[[音曲]]などの[[芸能]]。その技。 j0ffllrankd044smbx0yrbuzz66cagu 0 223673 2278261 1424886 2026-06-02T06:16:03Z Jiba1219 100610 2278261 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|en}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{en-noun}} [[Category:{{en}}_職業]] #[[再]][[資源]][[業者]]。 =={{L|fr}}== ==={{pron}}=== * {{IPA|ʁə.si.kle|lang=fr}} ==={{verb}}=== {{fr-verb}} [[Category:{{fr}}_環境]] #{{context|transitive+|lang=fr}}[[再生]][[利用]]する。[[リサイクル]]する。 ===={{conjugation|fr}}==== {{fr-conj-auto}} 3pllfgrn102vtpnff5b0o3zh0wjtgik 0 225597 2278286 1504999 2026-06-02T06:28:22Z Jiba1219 100610 2278286 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|ki}}== ==={{pron}}=== * {{IPA|ne|lang=ki}} ===不変化詞=== {{head|ki|不変化詞|sort=ni}} #〔[[コピュラ]]〕…[[だ]]。…[[で]][[ある]]<ref>{{R:Benson1964|entry=nĩ|p=282}}</ref>。 #* {{l|ki|kanua nĩ ikahũ|Kanua '''nĩ''' ikahũ}}. - [[くち|口]]'''[[は]]'''[[さけめ|裂け目]]。 #〔動詞の受動態と共に〕…[[に]][[よる|よっ]][[て]]。…に[[より]]。 #* {{l|ki|mwaki wa Ngai ũraaragio nĩ igoto|Mwaki wa Ngai ũraaragio '''nĩ''' igoto}}. - [[かみ|神]][[の]][[ひ|火]]は[[バナナ]][[樹皮]]'''によって'''[[一夜]][[を]][[すごす|過ごさ]]せられる[[もの]][[で]][[ある]]。 #* {{l|ki|njĩrirũo nĩ kanyoni gakwa|Njĩrirũo '''nĩ''' kanyoni gakwa}}. - [[わたし|私]]は私の[[ことり|小鳥]]'''に'''[[おしえる|教え]][[られる|られ]][[た]]。 #* {{l|ki|thegere igĩrĩ itiremagwo nĩ mwatũ|Thegere igĩrĩ itiremagwo '''nĩ''' mwatũ}}. - {{l|ja|二}}{{l|ja|匹}}の[[ラーテル]]は[[養蜂]][[つつ|筒]]'''には'''[[まかす|負かさ]][[れる|れ]][[ない]]ものである。 ===脚注=== <references /> og36g7aunnou09m5a559gyw1qprm9v2 0 226004 2278349 1990618 2026-06-02T08:31:59Z M-30722 1202 2278349 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|たんかん|だんかん|だんがん}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana|h=y}} *【[[単眼]]】[[レンズ]]状の[[角膜]]と[[小網膜]]で構成される[[め|眼]]。 *【[[単願]]】[[専願]]。 *【[[赧顔]]】[[赤面]]。 *【[[嘆願]], [[歎願]]】[[懇願]]。 m4xjm3qaf091wsaarxhgjus1tdf5mv4 0 241663 2278186 1496672 2026-06-01T12:45:30Z Daxidawiki 126582 Fix template 2278186 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|けいあん}} =={{L|ja}}== ===別表記=== *[[慶庵]] *[[慶安]] ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[けいあん]]}} [[Category:{{ja}}_職業]] #[[奉公人]]・[[雇い人]]の[[斡旋]][[業者]]。 #[[御世辞]]。[[追従]]。また、それを[[いう|言う]]人。 ===={{pron|jpn}}==== ;け↘ーあん pez5qxqjlpc6ncybfvitu9x1aisv6ia 0 249203 2278315 1497628 2026-06-02T08:03:54Z Daxidawiki 126582 Fix template 2278315 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DEFAULTSORT:せしよう せじよう}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[せじょう]]}} # [[世]]の[[中]]の[[事情]]。 #*世情に[[うとい]] # [[世]]の[[中]]の[[人情]]。 #*世情に通じている 45vzf3dklzybjlrrp3jckj4a7yg3heb 2278316 2278315 2026-06-02T08:04:21Z Daxidawiki 126582 Bold 2278316 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DEFAULTSORT:せしよう せじよう}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[せじょう]]}} # [[世]]の[[中]]の[[事情]]。 #*'''世情'''に[[うとい]] # [[世]]の[[中]]の[[人情]]。 #*'''世情'''に通じている bmycixhiplshu0yosx4pmgdzpvbro2l 0 250831 2278287 2230108 2026-06-02T06:29:12Z Daxidawiki 126582 Fix template + translation 2278287 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|ぶとう}} {{also|舞蹈}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[ぶとう]]}} [[Category:{{ja}}_ダンス]] #踊りを踊ること。舞い踊ること。[[ダンス]]。[[洋舞]]。 #[[叙位]]、[[任官]]、[[賜禄]]の際などの感謝の意を表し、[[左右左]]を行う礼。[[拝舞]]。 ===={{rel}}==== *[[舞踏家]] *[[舞踏会]] ===={{trans}}==== ;語義1 *{{T|en}}: {{t|en|dance}} *{{T|el}}: {{t|el|χορός|m}} *{{T|es}}: {{t|es|danza|f}} ==={{verb}}=== {{ja-verb-suru|[[ぶとう]]}} {{日本語サ変活用}} 7snkpufk2oqybnt39fj1cazeokqoliy 0 255981 2278275 1455714 2026-06-02T06:23:21Z Jiba1219 100610 2278275 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|it}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|la|it}} ''[[exaggerare|exaggerāre]]'' < ''[[ex]]'' + ''[[aggerare|aggerāre]]'' ==={{pron}}=== * ezajera"re, {{IPA|ezadʒeˈrare|lang=it}} ==={{verb}}=== {{it-verb}} #[[誇張]]する。[[大袈裟]]に{{おくりがな2|言|い|う|いう}}。 #～し{{おくりがな2|過|す|ぎる|すぎる}}。 {{it-conj-are|esager|avere}} ===={{rel}}==== * {{l|it|esageratore}} * {{l|it|esagerazione}} ===アナグラム=== * {{l|it|esagererà}} jh284bqu5i4q5xl0cy0ckfczmww8bp4 0 269378 2278259 2231829 2026-06-02T06:12:51Z Jiba1219 100610 2278259 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|registrá|registrà|reģistra|reģistrā}} =={{L|it}}== ==={{verb}}=== {{it-verb-form}} #[[registrare]]の直説法現在第三人称単数形。 #registrareの命令法第二人称単数形。 ===アナグラム=== * {{anagrams|it|garriste}} =={{L|ca}}== ==={{pron}}=== * {{ca-IPA}} ==={{verb}}=== {{ca-verb-form}} #[[registrar]]の直説法現在第三人称単数形。 #registrarの命令法第二人称単数形。 =={{L|es}}== ==={{pron}}=== * {{es-IPA}} ==={{verb}}=== {{es-verb-form}} #[[registrar]]の直説法現在第三人称単数形。 #registrarの命令法非公式第二人称単数形。 =={{L|nb}}== ==={{alter}}=== * {{l|nb|registrene}} ==={{noun}}=== {{head|nb|noun form|g=n}} #[[register]]の限定複数形。 =={{L|pt}}== ==={{verb}}=== {{pt-verb-form}} #[[registrar]]の直説法現在第三人称単数形。 #registrarの命令法第二人称単数形。 =={{L|lld}}== ==={{verb}}=== {{head|lld|verb form}} #[[registrer]]の直説法現在第三人称単数形。 #registrerの直説法現在第三人称複数形。 #registrerの命令法第二人称単数形。 =={{L|la}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{la-noun-form|registra}} #[[registrum]]の複数主格。 #registrumの複数対格。 #registrumの複数呼格。 rl49ws0yvw3cdw1cgeqmp83f7zd3t7d 0 271511 2278379 2058319 2026-06-02T09:01:14Z Daxidawiki 126582 Fix template 2278379 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|しゅうとく}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun-suru|[[しゅうとく]]}} # [[ならう|習っ]]て[[おぼえる|覚える]]こと。[[勉強]]や[[練習]]などにより[[技能]]を[[身に付ける|身につける]]こと。 ===={{trans}}==== *{{T|en}}: {{t|en|learning}} ==={{verb}}=== {{ja-verb-suru|[[しゅうとく]]}} ===={{conjug}}==== {{日本語サ変活用}} 3itsddkfnjx2bd315t3xpkkz3hm61ja 0 282084 2278207 2232721 2026-06-01T16:35:15Z Jiba1219 100610 2278207 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DEFAULTSORT:resistencia}} {{also|resistencia|resistência}} =={{L|ca}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|la|ca}} ''[[resistentia]]'' ==={{pron}}=== * {{ca-IPA}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ca-noun|f|resistències}} #[[抵抗]]。[[反抗]]。[[抵抗力]]。 ===={{rel}}==== * {{l|ca|resistent}} * {{l|ca|resistir}} nu8fszt2u6oe5b9mkiga16kcln8l5em 4 288488 2278226 2276815 2026-06-01T21:08:48Z MediaWiki message delivery 27247 /* Tech News: 2026-23 */ 新しい節 2278226 wikitext text/x-wiki このページは、ウィクショナリー日本語版の利用者に告知や意見募集を行うページです。ウィキメディア全体およびウィクショナリー日本語版全体に関わるようなものから、各トークページにおける議論へのコメント募集まで、様々なお知らせに使われます。Tech Newsのようなニュースレターもここに配布されています。 {{利用者:ArchiverBot/config |archive = Wiktionary:おしらせ/%(year)d |algo = old(90d) |counter = 1 |minthreadsleft = 2 |minthreadstoarchive = 2 |archiveheader = {{Archives|Wiktionary:おしらせ}} }}{{過去ログbox |search=yes |content=<div class="hlist"> [[/2020|2020]] / [[/2021|2021]] / [[/2022|2022]] / [[/2023|2023]] / [[/2024|2024]] / [[/2025|2025]] / [[/2026|2026]] </div>}} 注意事項：掲載にあたって特別な許可や申請は要りません。新たなお知らせをするときは、新たな節 <code><nowiki>==○○==</nowiki></code> を作って投稿してください。お知らせ文の最後には署名 <code><nowiki>--~~~~</nowiki></code> をお願いします。掲載は投稿から90日を過ぎると過去ログ化され、このページから除去されます。議論や話し合い自体を立ち上げたいときは[[Wiktionary:編集室]]も利用できます。 {{lang|en|This page provides various announcements for Japanese Wiktionary. For example, calling for the participation in discussion on Meta-Wiki and delivery of Newsletters such as Tech News and Editting News are done here. Anyone can post such an announcement. If you want to discuss something with Japanese Wiktionary users rather than just informing, you can use [[Wiktionary:編集室]].}} <p style="text-align:center;font-weight:bold;font-size:larger" class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Wiktionary:おしらせ|action=edit&section=new}} 新しいお知らせを投稿する/{{lang|en|Post a new announcement}}]</p> __TOC__ == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-07</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W07"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Logged-in contributors who manage large or complex watchlists can now organise and filter watched pages in ways that improve their workflows with the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist labels|Watchlist labels]] feature. By adding custom labels (for example: pages you created, pages being monitored for vandalism, or discussion pages) users can more quickly identify what needs attention, reduce cognitive load, and respond more efficiently. This improves watchlist usability, especially for highly active editors. * A new feature available on [[Special:Contributions|Special:Contributions]] shows [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] that are likely operated by the same person, and so makes patrolling less time-consuming. Upon checking contributions of a temporary account, users with access to temporary account IP addresses can now see a view of contributions from the related temporary accounts. The feature looks up all the IPs associated with a given temporary account within the data retention period and shows all the contributions of all temporary accounts that have used these IPs. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts#February 2026: Improvements to the patroller tooling|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415674] * When editors preview a wikitext edit, the reminder box that they are only seeing a preview (which is shown at the top), now has a grey/neutral background instead of a yellow/warning background. This makes it easier to distinguish preview notes from actual warnings (for example, edit conflicts or problematic redirect targets), which will now be shown in separate warning or error boxes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414742] * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] continues to improve — it now properly supports more than one Wikibase site, for example both [[d:|Wikidata]] and [[testwikidata:|testwikidata]]. In addition, issues regarding text direction have been fixed for users who prefer Wikidata or other Wikibase sites in right-to-left (RTL) languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415440][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415458] * The automatic "magic links" for ISBN, RFC, and PMID numbers have been [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic links|deprecated in wikitext since 2021]] due to inflexibility and difficulties with localization. Several wikis have successfully replaced RFC and PMID magic links with equivalent external links, but a template was often required to replace the functionality of the ISBN magic link. There is now a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#isbn|built-in parser function]] <code dir=ltr><nowiki>{{#isbn}}</nowiki></code> available to replace the basic functionality of the ISBN magic link. This makes it easier for wikis who wish to migrate off of the deprecated magic link functionality to do so. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T145604] * Two new wikis have been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q35401|Jju]] ([[w:kaj:|<code>w:kaj:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413283] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q1186896|Nawat]] ([[w:ppl:|<code>w:ppl:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413273] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * A new global user group has been created: [[{{int:grouppage-local-bot}}|{{int:group-local-bot}}]]. It will be used internally by the software to allow community bots to bypass rate limits that are applied to abusive [[w:en:Web scraping|web scrapers]]. Accounts that are approved as bots on at least one Wikimedia wiki will be automatically added to this group. It will not change what user permissions the bot has. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415588] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.15|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Spring 2026|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference, Spring 2026]] will be held March 25–27 in Salt Lake City, USA. This event is organized by and for the third-party MediaWiki community. You can propose sessions and register to attend. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/AZBWVI46SDEB65PGR5J6E4TYOQQEZXM7/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W07"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 2026年2月9日 (月) 23:30 (UTC) <!-- User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki が https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30026671 のリストを使用して送信したメッセージ --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-08</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W08"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/08|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Site Reliability Engineering|SRE Team]] will be performing a cleanup of Wikimedia's [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Etherpad|Etherpad]] instance, the web-based editor for real-time collaborative document editing. All pads will be permanently deleted after 30 April, 2026 – if there are still migration projects in progress at that point the team can revisit the date on a case by case basis. Please create local backups of any content you wish to keep, as deleted data cannot be recovered. This cleanup helps reduce database size and minimize infrastructure footprint. Etherpad will continue to support real-time collaboration, but long-term storage should not be expected. Additional cleanups may occur in the future without prior notice. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415237] '''Updates for editors''' * The Information Retrieval team will be launching an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Information Retrieval/Phase 1|Android mobile app experiment]] that tests hybrid search capabilities which can handle both semantic and keyword queries. The improvement of on-platform search will enable readers to find what they’re looking for directly on Wikipedia more easily. The experiment will first be launched on Greek Wikipedia in late February, followed by English, French, and Portuguese in March. [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/01/08/semantic-search-making-it-easier-to-find-the-information-readers-want/ Read more] on Diff blog. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Readers/Information_Retrieval] * The Reader Growth team will run [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/WE3.10.2 Mobile Table of Contents|an experiment]] for mobile web users, that adds a table of contents and automatically expands all article sections, to learn more about navigation issues they face. The test will be available on Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. * Previously, site notices ([[{{ns:8}}:Sitenotice]] and [[{{ns:8}}:Anonnotice]]) would only render on the desktop site. Now, they will render on all platforms. Users on mobile web will now see these notices and be informed. Site administrators should be prepared to test and fix notices on mobile devices to avoid interference with articles. To opt out, interface admins can add <code dir="ltr">#siteNotice { display: none; }</code> to [[{{ns:8}}:Minerva.css]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T138572][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416644] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:19}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:19|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue on [[Special:RecentChanges|Special:RecentChanges]] has been fixed. Previously, clicking hide in the active filters caused the "view new changes since…" button to disappear, though it should have remained visible. The button now behaves as expected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406339] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * New documentation is now available to help editors debug on-site search features. It supports troubleshooting when pages do not appear in results, when ranking seems unexpected, and when you need to inspect what content is being indexed, helping make search behavior easier to understand and analyze. [[mw:Help:CirrusSearch/Debug|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411169] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.16|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/08|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W08"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 2026年2月16日 (月) 19:17 (UTC) <!-- User:STei (WMF)@metawiki が https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30086330 のリストを使用して送信したメッセージ --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-09</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W09"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/09|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Reference Check|Reference Check]] has been deployed to English Wikipedia, completing its rollout across all Wikipedias. The feature prompts newcomers to add a citation before publishing new content, helping reduce common citation-related reverts and improve verifiability. In A/B testing, the impact was substantial: newcomers shown Reference Check were approximately 2.2 times more likely to include a reference on desktop and about 17.5 times more likely on mobile web. [https://analytics.wikimedia.org/published/reports/editing/reference_check_ab_test_report_final_2025.html] '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:InterwikiSorting|InterwikiSorting extension]], which allowed for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interwiki sorting order|sorting of interwiki links]], has been undeployed from Wikipedia. As a result, editors who had enabled interwiki link sorting in non-compact mode (full list format) will now see links reordered. The links moving forward will be listed in the alphabetical order of language code. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T253764] * Later this week, people who are editing a page-section using the mobile visual editor, will notice a new "Edit full page" button. When tapped, you will be able to edit the entire article. This helps when the change you want to make is outside the section you initially opened. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T387175][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409112] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|The Reader Experience team]] is inviting editors to assess whether dark mode should still be considered "beta" on their wiki, based on their experience of how well it functions on desktop and mobile. If the feature is deemed mature, editors can update the interface messages in <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:skin-theme-description</code> and <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Vector-night-mode-beta-tag</code> to indicate that dark mode is ready and no longer considered beta. * The improved [[mw:Wikimedia_Apps/Team/iOS/Activity_Tab|Activity tab]] which displays user-insights is now available to all users of the Wikipedia iOS app (version 7.9.0 and later). Following earlier A/B testing that showed higher account creation among users with access to the feature, it has been rolled out to 100% of users along with some updates. The Activity tab now shows your edited articles in the timeline, offers editing impact insights like contribution counts and article view trends, and customization options to improve in-app experience for users. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug that prevented [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] from working on mobile has now been fixed, restoring full functionality. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415303] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] that makes this possible continues to improve. The latest upgrade is the inclusion of a [[mw:Extension:GlobalWatchlist#hook|new hook]], <code dir=ltr>ext.globalwatchlist.rebuild</code>, which fires after each watchlist rebuild. This allows you to run gadgets and user scripts for the Special page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T275159] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.17|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/09|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W09"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 2026年2月23日 (月) 19:03 (UTC) <!-- User:STei (WMF)@metawiki が https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30119102 のリストを使用して送信したメッセージ --> == 技術ニュース: 2026-10 == <section begin="technews-2026-W10"/><div class="plainlinks"> ウィキメディア技術コミュニティの最新版'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|技術ニュース]]'''です。他の利用者にも下記の変更についてお伝えください。直接の影響はない項目も含まれる場合があります。このニュースは各言語に[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/10|翻訳]]されています。 '''今週のハイライト''' * ウィキペディア25[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments|誕生日モード]]（Wikipedia 25 Birthday mode）の展開先はウィキペディアの英語、イタリア語、インドネシア語、オランダ語、ゴロンタロ語、シチリア語、スペイン語、タイ語、チェコ語、中国語、フランス語、ベタウィ語、ブルトン語、ベトナム語、マドゥラ語、ルクセンブルク語で利用できるようになりました。これは期間限定のキャンペーン機能であり、（英語版）ウィキペディア25周年を記念して誕生日ゆるキャラ「ベビー・グローブ」が登場します。このゆるキャラは同機能が有効になると、[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments/article configuration|記事およそ2500件]]に表示されて読者の目に留まるのを心待ちにしています。それぞれコミュニティ内で誕生日モードを有効にする合意を形成してから、この機能を当該のコミュニティでも有効にすること、ローカルのウィキの[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments#Community Configuration Demo|コミュニティ設定]]もカスタム化することを管理者に依頼してください。 '''編集者対象の更新''' * [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|補参照]]（Sub-referencing）という新しい機能は、同じ典拠から異なる細部を出典に引くもので、すでに展開した先はウィキペディアのスウェーデン語版とポーランド語版に加えて[[:phab:T418209|その他の複数のウィキ]]です。[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#test|この機能を試す]]には、左記のプロジェクトもしくはテストウィキと[https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmcloud.org/wiki/Sub-referencing ベータウィキ]（testwiki、betawiki）でお願いします。1番目のパイロット展開先はウィキペディア・ドイツ語版で、そちらから得た知見は[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing/Learnings|レポート]]として公開してあります。[[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Pilot wikis|パイロット版ウィキ参加に関心がありましたら]]、ウィキメディア・ドイツ協会の担当チームまでお問い合わせください。 * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Paste check|貼り付けチェック]]（Paste Check）は今週、ウィキペディアの全ての言語版に導入します。この機能はビジュアル編集機能（VisualEditor）を使う新規利用者に対して、自分以外の人が書いた文を記事ページに貼り付けたときに著作権侵害のリスクがないか検討を促します。貼り付けチェックは、見直しを促した編集全てに[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Tags|タグ付け]]をします。ローカルの管理者の皆さんにはこの機能のさまざまな要件を[[{{#special:EditChecks}}]]経由で設定してください。ウィキ22件を[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Paste Check#A/B Experiment|調査した]]結果、この関係の編集差し戻しは対照グループと比べると、貼り付けチェック（Paste Check）の導入後が18%減少しています。翻訳者の皆さんには、これと関連機能の機能の[https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=ext-visualeditor-ve-mw-editcheck&filter=&optional=1&action=translate ローカル化に手を貸して]ください。 * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|閲覧者体験チーム]]（Reader Experience team）ではモバイル機器の画面右上角にある利用者メニューを統一、デスクトップ版の体験に近づけます。現状ではこのメニューは個人設定で高度なモバイルコントロール（AMC＝Advanced Mobile Controls）を有効にした人にのみ表示されます。今回の変更に伴い、AMCを有効にしていない人たちは画面左側のメニューからボタンがいくつか右上角に移動します。この変更はUI（ユーザインタフェース）の改善が目的であり、3月9日に展開の予定です。 [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413912] * 3月2日の週より、メールアドレスの登録や除去、変更をしたときに発信するメールは、従来の平文（plaintext）形式からHTML 形式に刷新して、より読みやすくすっきりと表示するようになります。 [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T410807] * 現在、通知は利用者1人に対して通算2000件を上限としてあり、また過去ログは同機能を導入した2013年以降です。これを変更し、通知の保存は過去5年以内、ただし上限は1万件に引き上げます。これは長期間にわたりインフラの健全性を保つこと、また最近の通知ほど消えるまでの期間が短くならないように役立つはずです。 [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383948] * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|グローバル・ウォッチリスト]]（Global Watchlist）とは自分が複数のウィキに作ったそれぞれのウォッチリストを1ページで閲覧できるもので、改善を重ねています。最新の更新はラベルの使用体験を改善しました。ウィキデータの項目では[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|拡張機能]]として[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Language#Fallback languages|言語フォールバック方式]]を有効にするとき、表示言語でラベルを付けなくて済み、ラベルの表示には、<code dir=ltr>uselang=</code> URL 引数の指定がない場合に利用者がウィキデータで選んだ表示言語を使います。 [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373686][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416111] * ウィキペディア Android チームでは、ギリシャ語版ウィキペディアで[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Information Retrieval/Phase 1|複合型検索]]（hybrid search）のベータテストに取り組みます。複合型の検索とはクエリに意味論とキーワードの両方を処理するため、ウィキペディアの読者にとって、自分が探しているものが直接、簡単に見つかるという意味です。 * セキュリティ上の理由により、特定の利用者グループに属する人は[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|2要素認証]]を有効にすることが必須です（2FA＝two-factor authentication）。現状、2FA は当該の利用者グループを使う場合には必須ですが、参加者であるためには不要です。依然として複数の脆弱性が残るこのモデルの状況を、[[phab:T418580|3月に徐々に変更します]]。これらグループの参加者はアカウントで直近に使った2FA方式を無効化できなくなり、またこれらグループでは、2FAを使用しない利用者の追加もできなくなります。利用者は認証方式を少なくとも1件、継続して有効にしてあるなら、引き続き新しい認証方式の追加や削除ができます。3月後半には、2FA未設定の利用者はこれらグループから除去され、2FA なしの利用者をこれらグループに追加することは不可能になります。対象者は、一斉通知管理者（CentralNotice）、チェックユーザー、インターフェース管理者、サプレッサー（suppressors）、ウィキデータおよび関数ウィキ（Wikifunctions）担当スタッフ、ウィキメディア財団事務局IT、同財団信頼安全部です。その他の利用者には、なんらの変更もありません。展開スケジュールは、リンク先のタスクをご覧ください。 [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418580] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|定例]] コミュニティが提出した{{PLURAL:27|タスク類}}のうち[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|先週の解決分]] {{formatnum:27}} 件に目を通してください。 たとえば、 [https://www.wikibase.cloud/ Wikibase.cloud] で使用事例を作成しようとする利用者を阻む問題はすでに修正されました。 [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416807] '''技術系貢献者への情報更新''' * ウィキメディア財団は今後1ヶ月を費やし、[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|インフラの公正な利用]]を確保するためAPI全体にグローバルAPIレート制限を導入します。3月上旬には、Toolforge/WMCS の外部経由の未確認リクエストと、ウェブブラウザ由来のAPIリクエストに対して適用する制限をより厳しくします。確認済みのトラフィックは4月に、制限をより高くします。コミュニティへの影響を最小限に抑えるため、これら制限は意図的に、可能な限り高く設定しています。現時点では、Toolforge/WMCS で実行するボット、または任意のウィキでボット利用者権限を使って実行するボット群には、影響は及びません。ただし、開発者の皆さんは全員、最新の最前手法に従うようお勧めします。詳細は、[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia API/レート制限]]をご参照ください。 * ウィキデータ・クエリサービス（Wikidata Query Service）のリンク付きデータ断片（LDF＝Linked Data Fragment）は2月にエンドポイントを廃止します。このエンドポイントが処理するトラフィックは限定されていましたが、既存のユースケースに適した他のデータアクセス方法に正常に移行しました。LDFエンドポイント対応に使用してきたハードウェアを再割り当てして、進行中のバックエンド移行作業に対応します。 [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415696] * Parsoid 新パーサは[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Updates|引き続き他のウィキにも導入予定]]で、プラットフォームの持続可能性を向上させ、閲覧・編集の新機能の導入が容易になります。Parsoid は現在、既定でWMFウィキ488件（ウィキペディア268言語版）のパーサであり、ウィキペディアのページビュー全体の10%超を占めます。 * 商用事業''ウィキメディア・エンタープライズ'' APIに対する大容量フィードの[[Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise#Access|例外アクセスを申請する]]手順と基準を[[m:Talk:Wikimedia Enterprise#Exceptional access criteria|公開しました]]（使命に沿った利用例は無料で利用可）。その意図とは、利用者にはより詳細で明確な説明文書を提供するためです。 * [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/ Tech Blog]（テクブログ）はウィキメディアの技術コミュニティ専用に開設したものですが、公式ブログ [[diffblog:|Diff]]（ディフ）内のコミュニティニュースとイベントブログに[https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2026/02/24/a-tech-blog-diff/ 移行の予定]です。移行実施は2026年4月に完了予定で、それ以降、新しい投稿の公開を受け付けます。新旧の投稿にアクセスしたい皆さんは、扉ページから探してください（https://diff.wikimedia.org/techblog<nowiki/>）。 * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|定例]] 今週後半にかけて以下のコード更新を予定しています。 [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.18|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|技術ニュース]]'''は[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|技術大使]]によって準備され[[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|ボット]]によって配信されています&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|寄稿]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/10|翻訳]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|相談]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|フィードバック]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|購読/購読解除]]'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W10"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 2026年3月2日 (月) 17:51 (UTC) <!-- User:STei (WMF)@metawiki が https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30137798 のリストを使用して送信したメッセージ --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-11</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W11"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/11|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday, 25 March 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774450800 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests, [[wikitech:Deployments/Yearly calendar|which happen twice a year]]. During the switchover, all Wikimedia website traffic is shifted from one primary data center to the backup data center to test availability and prevent service disruption even in emergencies. * Last week, all wikis had 2 hours of read-only time, and extended unavailability for user-scripts and gadgets. This was due to a security incident which has since been resolved. Work is ongoing to prevent re-occurrences. For current information please see the [[m:Steward's noticeboard#Statement on Meta about today's user script security incident|post on the Stewards' noticeboard]] ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Product and Technology/Product Safety and Integrity/March 2026 User Script Incident|translations]]). '''Updates for editors''' * Users facing multiple blocks on mobile will now see the reasons for each block separately, instead of a generic message. This helps them understand why they are blocked and what steps they can take to resolve the issue. For example, users affected for using common VPNs (such as [[Special:MyLanguage/Apple iCloud Private Relay|iCloud Private Relay]]) will receive clearer guidance on what they need to do to start editing again. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T357118] * Later this week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Suggestion Mode]] will become available as a beta feature within the visual editor at all Wikipedias. This feature proactively suggests various types of actions that people can consider taking to improve Wikipedia articles, and learn about related guidelines. The feature is locally configurable, and can also be locally expanded with custom Suggestions. Current settings can be seen at [[Special:EditChecks]] and there are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Suggestion mode#For administrators %E2%80%93 local customization|instructions for how administrators can customize]] the links to point to local guidelines. The feature is connected to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check|Edit check]] which suggests improvements while someone is writing new content. In the future, the Editing team plans to evaluate the feature's impact with newcomers through a controlled experiment. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404600] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where the cursor became misaligned during the use of CodeMirror’s syntax highlighting, which makes wikitext and code easier to read, has now been fixed. This problem specifically affected users who defined a font rule in a custom stylesheet while creating a new topic with DiscussionTools. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418793] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * API rate limiting update: To help ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]], global API rate limits will be applied this week to requests without a compliant User-Agent that originate from outside Toolforge/WMCS and to unauthenticated requests made from web browsers. Higher limits will be applied to identified traffic in April. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]]. * The new GraphQL API has been released. The API was developed as a flexible alternative to select features of the Wikidata Query Service (WDQS), to improve developer experience and foster adaptability, and efficient data access. Try it out and [[d:Wikidata:Wikibase GraphQL#Feedback and development|give feedback]]. You can also [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/GraphQLAPI/apply sign up for usability tests]. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|PTAC Unsupported Tools Working Group]] continued improvements to [[commons:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons#|Video2Commons]] in February, with fixes addressing authentication errors, large-file handling, task queue visibility, and clearer upload behavior. Work is still ongoing in some areas, including changes related to deprecated server-side uploads. Read [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group#February 2026|this update]] to learn more. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.19|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The Article Guidance team invites experienced Wikipedia editors from selected [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Pilot wikis and collaborators#Collaborators|pilot wikis]] and interested contributors from other Wikipedias to fill out this questionnaire which is available in [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfmLeVWnxmsCbPoI_UF2jyRcn73WRGWCVPHzerXb4Cz97X_Ag/viewform English], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSd6rzr4XXQw8r4024fE3geTPFe13M_6w7Mitj-YJi0sOlWTAw/viewform?usp=header Arabic], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdok3-RfB18lcugYTUMGkpwmqG_8p760Wv4dCXitOXOszjUDw/viewform?usp=header Bengali], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfjTfYp4jEo0akA4B1e-Nfg3QZPCudUjhJzHzzDi6AHyAaMGA/viewform?usp=header Japanese], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScteVoI29Aue4xc72dekk-6RYtvmMgQxzMI900UOawrFrSTWg/viewform?usp=header Portuguese], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSetdxnYwL3ub2vqA7awCg5hJZPMIYcDPaiTe12rY9h0GYnVlw/viewform?usp=header Persian], and [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScNvfJF-Ot-4pzA4qAN771_0QDJ4Li19YcUsaTgSKW8Nc7U_Q/viewform?usp=header Turkish]. Your answers will help the team customize guidance for less experienced editors and help them learn community policies and practices while creating an article. Learn more [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|on the project page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/11|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W11"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 2026年3月9日 (月) 18:53 (UTC) <!-- User:STei (WMF)@metawiki が https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30213008 のリストを使用して送信したメッセージ --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-12</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W12"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/12|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature, also known as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror 6]], has been used for wikitext syntax highlighting since November 2024. It will be promoted out of beta by May 2026 in order to bring improvements and new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Features|features]] to all editors who use the standard syntax highlighter. If you have any questions or concerns about promoting the feature out of beta, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help talk:Extension:CodeMirror|please share]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059] * Some changes to local user groups are performed by stewards on Meta-Wiki and logged there only. Now, interwiki rights changes will be logged both on Meta-Wiki and the wiki of the target user to make it easier to access a full record of user's rights changes on a local wiki. Past log entries for such changes will be backfilled in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T6055] * On wikis using [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Flagged Revisions|Flagged Revisions]], the number of pending changes shown on [[{{#Special:PendingChanges}}]] previously counted pages which were no longer pending review, because they have been removed from the system without being reviewed, e.g. due to being deleted, moved to a different namespace, or due to wiki configuration changes. The count will be correct now. On some wikis the number shown will be much smaller than before. There should be no change to the list of pages itself. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413016] * Wikifunctions composition language has been rewritten, resulting in a new version of the language. This change aims to increase service stability by reducing the orchestrator's memory consumption. This rewrite also enables substantial latency reduction, code simplification, and better abstractions, which will open the door to later feature additions. Read more about [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-11|the changes]]. * Users can now sort search results alphabetically by page title. The update gives an additional option to finding pages more easily and quickly. Previously, results could be sorted by Edit date, Creation date, or Relevance. To use the new option, open 'Advanced Search' on the search results page and select 'Alphabetically' under 'Sorting Order'. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403775] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:28}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:28|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug that prevented UploadWizard on Wikimedia Commons from importing files from Flickr has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419263] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * A new special page, [[{{#special:LintTemplateErrors}}]], has been created to list transcluded pages that are flagged as containing lint errors to help users discover them easily. The list is sorted by the number of transclusions with errors. For example: [[{{#special:LintTemplateErrors}}/night-mode-unaware-background-color]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T170874] * Users of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature have been using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] for syntax highlighting when editing JavaScript, CSS, JSON, Vue and Lua content pages, for some time now. Along with promoting CodeMirror 6 out of beta, the plan is to replace CodeEditor as the standard editor for these content models by May 2026. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help talk:Extension:CodeMirror|Feedback or concerns are welcome]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] JavaScript modules will soon be upgraded to CodeMirror 6. Leading up to the upgrade, loading the <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror</code> or <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror.lib</code> modules from gadgets and user scripts was deprecated in July 2025. The use of the <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror.switch</code> hook was also deprecated in March 2025. Contributors can now make their scripts or gadgets compatible with CodeMirror 6. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror#Gadgets and user scripts|migration guide]] for more information. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373720] * The MediaWiki Interfaces team is expanding coverage of REST API module definitions to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:REST API/Extensions|extension APIs]]. REST API modules are groups of related endpoints that can be independently managed and versioned. Modules now exist for [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414470 GrowthExperiments] and [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419053 Wikifunctions] APIs. As we migrate extension APIs to this structure, documentation will move out of the main MediaWiki OpenAPI spec and REST Sandbox view, and will instead be accessible via module-specific options in the dropdown on the [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RestSandbox REST Sandbox] (i.e., [[{{#Special:RestSandbox}}]], available on all wiki projects). * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto|Scribunto]] extension provides different pieces of information about the wiki where the module is being used via the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual|mw.site]] library. Starting last week, the library also provides a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#mw.site.wikiId|way]] of accessing the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Wiki ID|wiki ID]] that can be used to facilitate cross-wiki module maintenance. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T146616] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.20|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|2026 Coolest Tool Award]] celebrating outstanding community tools, is now open for nominations! Nominate your favorite tool using the [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/435684?lang=en nomination survey] form by 23 March 2026. For more information on privacy and data handling, please see the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Coolest_Tool_Award_2026_Survey_Privacy_Statement|survey privacy statement]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/12|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W12"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 2026年3月16日 (月) 19:35 (UTC) <!-- User:STei (WMF)@metawiki が https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30260505 のリストを使用して送信したメッセージ --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-13</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W13"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/13|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Wikimedia site users can now log in without a password using passkeys. This is a secure method supported by fingerprint, facial recognition, or PIN. With this change, all users who opt for passwordless login will find it easier, faster, and more secure to log in to their accounts using any device. The new passkey login option currently appears as an autofill suggestion in the username field. An additional [[phab:T417120|"Log in with passkey" button]] will soon be available for users who have already registered a passkey. This update will improve security and user experience. The [[c:File:Passwordless_login_screencast.webm|screen recording]] demonstrates the passwordless login process step by step. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday, 25 March 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774450800 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests, [[wikitech:Deployments/Yearly calendar|which happen twice a year]]. During the switchover, all Wikimedia website traffic is shifted from one primary data center to the backup data center to test availability and prevent service disruption even in emergencies. '''Updates for editors''' * Wikimedia site users can now export their notifications older than 5 years using a [[toolforge:echo-chamber|new Toolforge tool]]. This will ensure that users retain their important notifications and avoid them being lost based on the planned change to delete notifications older than 5 years, as previously announced. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383948] * Wikipedia editors in Indonesian, Thai, Turkish, and Simple English now have access to Special:PersonalDashboard. This is an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Dashboard|early version of an experience]] that introduces newer editors to patrolling workflows, making it easier for them to move from making edits to participating in more advanced moderation work on their project. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402647] * The [[Special:Block]] now has two minor interface changes. Administrators can now easily perform indefinite blocks through a dedicated radio button in the expiry section. Also, choosing an indefinite expiry provides a different set of common reasons to select from, which can be changed at: [[MediaWiki:Ipbreason-indef-dropdown]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401823] * Mobile editors [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#Logged-out|at several wikis]] can now see an improved logged-out edit warning, thanks to the recent updates from the Growth team. These changes released last week are part of ongoing efforts and tests to enhance [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|account creation experience on mobile]] and then increase participation. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408484] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:36}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:36|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug that prevented mobile web users from seeing the block information when affected by multiple blocks has been fixed. They can now see messages of all the blocks currently affecting them when they access Wikipedia. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Images built using Toolforge will soon get the upgraded buildpacks version, bringing support for newer language versions and other upstream improvements and fixes. If you use Toolforge Build Service, review the recent [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/cloud-announce@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EMYTA32EV2V5SQ2JIEOD2CL66YFIZEKV/ cloud-announce email] and update your build configuration as necessary to ensure your tools are compatible. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:Toolforge/Building_container_images&oldid=2392097#Buildpack_environment_upgrade_process][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380127] * The [https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page API Portal] documentation wiki will shut down in June 2026. API keys created on the API Portal will continue to work normally. api.wikimedia.org endpoints will be deprecated gradually starting in July 2026. Documentation on the API Portal is moving to [[mw:Wikimedia APIs|mediawiki.org]]. Learn more on the [[wikitech:API Portal/Deprecation|project page]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.21|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]] is considering improvements to [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names|automatically generated reference names in VisualEditor]]. Please check out the [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Proposed solutions|proposed solutions]] and participate in the [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Request for comment|request for comment]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/13|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W13"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 2026年3月23日 (月) 16:51 (UTC) <!-- User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki が https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30268305 のリストを使用して送信したメッセージ --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-14</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W14"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/14|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Beta version of [[abstract:|Abstract Wikipedia]] a new Wikimedia project which is language-independent, was launched last week. The project allows communities to build Wikipedia articles in their native language, which can be readily accessed by other users in their own languages. The wiki is powered by instructions from Wikifunctions and also based on structured content from Wikidata. [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-26|Read more]]. '''Updates for editors''' * The Growth team is running an A/B test to evaluate a clearer, more user-friendly message that promotes account creation on wikis. Currently when logged-out mobile users begin editing, they see a jarring warning message that can feel abrupt and discouraging. This also presents temporary account editing as the default rather than encouraging account creation. The test is running on ten Wikipedias, including Arabic, French, Spanish and German. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#2. Improve logged-out warning message (T415160)|Read more]]. * The Wikimedia Apps team is inviting feedback on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Future of Editing on the Mobile Apps|how editing should work on the Wikipedia mobile apps]]. The discussion focuses on improving how users access editing tools when they tap "Edit". This is part of a broader effort to convert readers who develop an interest in editing, to access a more user-friendly pathway to start contributing. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:45}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:45|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where citation fetching from the large newspaper archive [https://www.newspapers.com Newspapers.com] was no longer working, due to a block in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid|Citoid]] requests, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419903] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.22|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/14|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W14"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 2026年3月30日 (月) 19:25 (UTC) <!-- User:STei (WMF)@metawiki が https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30329462 のリストを使用して送信したメッセージ --> == Action Required: Update templates/modules for electoral maps (Migrating from P1846 to P14226) == Hello everyone, This is a notice regarding an ongoing data migration on Wikidata that may affect your election-related templates and Lua modules (such as <code>Module:Itemgroup/list</code>). '''The Change:'''<br /> Currently, many templates pull electoral maps from Wikidata using the property [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]], combined with the qualifier [[:d:Property:P180|P180]]: [[:d:Q19571328|Q19571328]]. We are migrating this data (across roughly 4,000 items) to a newly created, dedicated property: '''[[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]]'''. '''What You Need To Do:'''<br /> To ensure your templates and infoboxes do not break or lose their maps, please update your local code to fetch data from [[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]] instead of the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] + [[:d:Property:P180|P180]] structure. A [[m:Wikidata/Property Migration: P1846 to P14226/List|list of pages]] was generated using Wikimedia Global Search. '''Deadline:'''<br /> We are temporarily retaining the old data on [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] to allow for a smooth transition. However, to complete the data cleanup on Wikidata, the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] statements will be removed after '''May 1, 2026'''. Please update your modules and templates before this date to prevent any disruption to your wiki's election articles. Let us know if you have any questions or need assistance with the query logic. Thank you for your help! [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] using [[利用者:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[利用者・トーク:MediaWiki message delivery|トーク]]) 2026年4月3日 (金) 17:11 (UTC) <!-- User:ZI Jony@metawiki が https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29941252 のリストを使用して送信したメッセージ --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-15</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W15"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/15|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] now includes a new group goal-setting feature, enabling organizers to set and track event goals such as the number of articles created and participating contributors in real time. Similarly, participants can work toward shared targets and see their collective impact as the event unfolds. The feature is now available on all Wikimedia wikis. Learn more in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Collaborative contributions#Goal setting|the documentation]]. * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] The new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist labels|watchlist labels]] feature (announced in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Tech News 2026-07]]) is now available via VisualEditor, the source editor, and the 'watchstar' (or watch link, for skins that don't have a star icon). Previously it was only possible to assign labels via [[Special:EditWatchlist|EditWatchlist]]. In all three places it is a new field following the expiry field. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where talk pages on mobile with Parsoid are unusable after empty section headers, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419171] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|sub-referencing feature]], which lets editors add details to an existing reference without duplicating it, will be gradually rolled out to [[phab:T414094|more wikis]] later this year. Wikis using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]] gadget are encouraged to update their version (typically at [[m:MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js|MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js]] as shown [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=1344408362 here]) to ensure compatibility. Other reference-related gadgets may also be affected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416304] * All Wikinews editions will be closed and switched to read-only mode on 4 May 2026. Content will remain accessible, but no new edits or articles can be added. This closure was approved by the Board of Trustees of the Wikimedia Foundation following extended discussions. [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard#Board of Trustees Approves Closure of Wikinews|Read more]]. * The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Action API|Action API]] has had several formats for requested output. One of them, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>format=php</nowiki></code></bdi>, is being removed soon. Please ensure your scripts or bots use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Data formats#Output|JSON format]]. This removal should affect very few scripts and bots. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T118538] * The [[Special:NamespaceInfo|Special:NamespaceInfo]] page now includes namespace aliases. For example "WP" for the "Project" ("Wikipedia") namespace on the German Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381455] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.23|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/15|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W15"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 2026年4月6日 (月) 16:19 (UTC) <!-- User:STei (WMF)@metawiki が https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30362761 のリストを使用して送信したメッセージ --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-16</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W16"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/16|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Experienced editors are invited to [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Main_Page test] the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] feature, designed to help less-experienced editors create well-structured, policy-compliant Wikipedia articles. Testing instructions are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Test feature guide|available]]. Also, after reviewing [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_article_guidance the outlines], please provide feedback on the [[mw:Talk:Article guidance|project talk page]]. Based on your input, the feature will be refined and transferred to the pilot Wikipedias to translate and adapt. Check out [[c:File:Article Guidance workflow demo - April 2026.webm|the video]] explaining the feature. '''Updates for editors''' * On most wikis, all autoconfirmed users can now use [[Special:ChangeContentModel|Special:ChangeContentModel]] page to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:ChangeContentModel|create new pages with custom content models]], such as mass message lists, making custom page formats more accessible. Check [[Special:ListGroupRights|Special:ListGroupRights]] for the status of your wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248294] * The Growth team has launched an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account_Creation_Experiments|account creation experiment]] to evaluate whether adding an account creation button to the mobile web header increases new account registrations and encourages more mobile users to contribute to the wikis. The experiment is currently live on Hindi, Indonesian, Bengali, Thai, and Hebrew Wikipedia, and targets 10% of logged-out mobile web users. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where VisualEditor could get stuck loading on Windows devices with animations turned off, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382856] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting later this week, {{int:group-abusefilter}} who have the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature enabled will have [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] as the editor at [[Special:AbuseFilter|Special:AbuseFilter]]. This is part of the broader effort to make the user experience more consistent across all editors. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399673][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * Tools and bots that access the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Notifications/API|Notifications API]] (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=query&meta=notifications</nowiki></code></bdi>) will need to update their OAuth or BotPassword grants to also include access to private notifications. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T421991] * Due to a library upgrade, listings on category pages may be displayed out of order starting on Monday, 20th April. A migration script will be run to correct this, and will take hours to days depending on the size of the wiki (up to a week for English Wikipedia). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T422544] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.24|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/16|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W16"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 2026年4月13日 (月) 15:19 (UTC) <!-- User:STei (WMF)@metawiki が https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30380527 のリストを使用して送信したメッセージ --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-17</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W17"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/17|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * After two years of development, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]], also known as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror 6]], is to be promoted out of beta on Tuesday, April 21. It brings better code and wikitext readability, reduction in typing errors, and other [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|benefits]] to all users of the standard syntax highlighter. A huge thank you to volunteer [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/p/Bhsd/ Bhsd] who developed many of the new features, including [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Code folding|code folding]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Autocompletion|autocompletion]], and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|linting]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059] * A major update to the Wikipedia app for iOS is now rolling out, redesigning the interface to align with Apple's latest "Liquid Glass" visual design. [https://apps.apple.com/us/app/wikipedia/id324715238 Download the latest version] and explore the update. '''Updates for editors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|Reading lists]] is a feature which allows readers to save articles to a list for reading later. This feature is now in beta on Arabic, French, Indonesian, Vietnamese, and Chinese Wikipedias and by default for all new accounts on all Wikipedias. * An experiment which explores extending [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews|Page Previews to mobile web]] will be launched in the week of April 20 on Arabic, English, French, Italian, Polish, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. Page Previews are pop-ups that display a thumbnail, lead paragraph, and a link to open the full article of a blue link, thereby improving content discovery. The feature is already available on desktop and in the apps. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/List of experiments in Product and Technology#Template|Read more about this experiment and others]]. * On several wikis, logged-in editors who haven't [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email confirmation|confirmed their email addresses]] can now see a banner encouraging them to do so. Having the email address confirmed allows a user to restore access to the account if they lose it. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security#Encouraging users to confirm their email addresses|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T421366] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:15}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:15|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where editing very large wiki pages in the 2017 wikitext editor caused slow loading, preview and scrolling lag, and performance issues when selecting, cutting, or pasting content, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T184857] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As part of the promotion of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] from a beta feature, all users will use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] for syntax highlighting when editing JavaScript, CSS, JSON, Vue and Lua content pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * The <code>mirrors.wikimedia.org</code> service for Debian and Ubuntu users will sunset and stop working on May 15. The resources for the service will be replaced with new and better options. Some users may need to switch to a different server which should take about a minute. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/LJYRIS4WB66HIRCAO4GIDTXCMDVZRBMA/ You can read more]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416707] * The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>image</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>oldimage</nowiki></code></bdi> table will be removed from [[wikitech:Help:Wiki Replicas|wikireplicas]]. If your tools or queries access <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>image</nowiki></code></bdi> or <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>oldimage</nowiki></code></bdi> directly, please update them to use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>file</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>filerevision</nowiki></code></bdi> table before 28 May. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T28741] * Following the recent implementation of global API rate limits on unidentified traffic, the Wikimedia Foundation will continue efforts to ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]] by applying global limits to identified API traffic beginning the last week of April. These limits are intentionally set as high as possible to minimise impact on the community. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits/FAQ|Frequently Asked Questions]]. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Attribution API|Attribution API]] is now available as a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Stability policy|beta]]. The API fetches information for crediting Wikimedia articles and media files wherever they are used. Reference documentation is available through the REST Sandbox special page available on all Wikimedia wikis (such as the [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?api=attribution.v0-beta&title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST sandbox on English Wikipedia]). Share your feedback on the [[mw:Talk:Attribution API|project talk page]]. * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/17|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W17"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 2026年4月20日 (月) 15:00 (UTC) <!-- User:STei (WMF)@metawiki が https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30432763 のリストを使用して送信したメッセージ --> == Request for comment (global AI policy) == <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Apologies for writing in English. {{int:Please-translate}} A [[:m:Requests for comment/Artificial intelligence policy|request for comment]] is currently being held to decide on a global AI policy. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[利用者:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[利用者・トーク:MediaWiki message delivery|トーク]]) 2026年4月26日 (日) 00:58 (UTC) </bdi> <!-- User:Codename Noreste@metawiki が https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30424282 のリストを使用して送信したメッセージ --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-18</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W18"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/18|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * There is a change in how new users are autoconfirmed that will improve anti-vandalism protection. Currently, users who have had an account for a few days and made a few edits are automatically added to the [[{{int:grouppage-autoconfirmed/{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}}}|{{int:group-autoconfirmed}}]] group. This configuration tends to be exploited by some vandals, who create accounts and start to use them only after some time. To mitigate this, the configuration will be updated next week so that – for the purpose of becoming autoconfirmed – the account age will be counted from their first edit, instead of registration date. The numeric value of the age threshold will remain the same. This change will be deployed only to wikis which require at least one edit as part of the autoconfirmation conditions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418484] * All Wikipedia users with new accounts and those who activated the "automatically enable most beta features" option in their preference can now use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|reading lists]] beta feature to save articles for later reading. This helps organize reading interests in one place for convenient access. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where infobox images have huge padding in Firefox, has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423676] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As a reminder, the global API rate limits will be applied this week to identified API traffic. This is to help ensure [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]]. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, including the actual rate limits, see [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]] and [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits/FAQ|Frequently Asked Questions]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.26|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/18|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W18"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 2026年4月27日 (月) 18:06 (UTC) <!-- User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki が https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30458046 のリストを使用して送信したメッセージ --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-19</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W19"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/19|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] team invites experienced editors of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Pilot wikis and collaborators|pilot Wikipedias]]—Arabic, Bangla, Japanese, Portuguese, Persian, Turkish, Simple English, Spanish, and French—to help translate and adapt [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_article_guidance sample outlines]. These outlines will guide editors in creating clear, well-structured, and policy-compliant articles when using [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Special:NewArticle the feature] once it is launched in May 2026. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance#Adapting a sample outline in a Wikipedia|Simple instructions]] on how to translate and adapt the outlines are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] has published [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/May 2026 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|draft recommendations]] on a model that affiliates can follow when contributing to the technical space. Community members are invited to provide feedback on the recommendation until May 8th [[:m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council/May 2026 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|on the talk page]]. * The number of available thumbnail size preferences in MediaWiki is being reduced to three standardized options—Small (180px), Regular (250px), and Large (400px), as part of ongoing efforts to improve performance and reduce strain on thumbnail services. As a result, existing preferences will be mapped to the nearest new size (for example, smaller selections like 120px or 150px will render at 180px, while larger ones like 300px or 360px will render at 400px). The preferences interface will soon be updated to reflect these changes, and users who wish to opt out or provide feedback can do so. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424909] * From now on, even when a permission expires automatically, users will receive an Echo notification similar to the standard notification for permission changes. There is a difference between this and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|Global reminder bot]] in that the latter reminds users a week ''before'' the rights are due to expire, so that they can renew the rights. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the problem where the ULS language selector in [[m:Special:Translate|Special:Translate]] would scroll vertically when it shouldn't, has been resolved. Previously, when users opened the "Translate to English" dropdown and typed certain inputs, the dialog would scroll vertically by a few pixels even when there was enough space to display all results. The dropdown no longer shifts unnecessarily when filtering languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358864] * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]], which lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on a single page, continues to improve. For example, watchlists for Wikibase sites such as [[:d:|Wikidata]] now support [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:EntitySchema|EntitySchema]] elements for better tracking. The Live Updates mode now refreshes the special page every 60 seconds to comply with the updated [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|global API rate limits]] for improved real-time responsiveness. Additionally, a directionality bug that displayed links as "changes 3" instead of "3 changes" in mixed-direction lists has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415450][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424422][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418091] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The second phase of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|global API rate limits]] has been rolled out to reduce the [[diffblog:2026/03/26/quo-vadis-crawlers-progress-and-whats-next-on-safeguarding-our-infrastructure/|impact of AI crawlers]] and ensure fair, sustainable access to Wikimedia resources, prioritising human and mission-aligned traffic. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits#Limits|Limits]] have been shifted from per-hour to per-minute, producing smoother traffic patterns and more predictable API load. Community users are not expected to be affected, and no action is required. Early indications show some User-Agent-based requestors are adjusting behaviour, and around 64% of automated API traffic has been identified. Monitoring continues, and Wikimedia Enterprise remains available for commercial support. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.27|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/19|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W19"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 2026年5月4日 (月) 20:43 (UTC) <!-- User:STei (WMF)@metawiki が https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30498077 のリストを使用して送信したメッセージ --> == 移動後に残るリダイレクトページの即時削除の方針明確化 == 標記の件について、[[Wiktionary・トーク:即時削除の方針#移動後に残るリダイレクトページの即時削除の方針明確化]]にて提案しています。--[[利用者:Yapparina|Yapparina]] ([[利用者・トーク:Yapparina|トーク]]) 2026年5月6日 (水) 06:00 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-20</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W20"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/20|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Community Tech has published [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/How to write a good wish|new guidance]] explaining how wishes on Community Wishlist are triaged and prioritized. The documentation is intended to help contributors write stronger proposals by clarifying the factors that influence prioritization decisions. Beyond vote counts, the guidance highlights considerations such as potential impact on the community when determining which wishes move forward. '''Updates for editors''' * The Reader Growth team is launching an experiment to test a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Share_Card|Share Card feature]] that allows readers to create visually engaging cards from Wikipedia articles or selected article sections and share them online, with each card linking back to the original article to help expand readership and article discovery. The mobile-only A/B test will be available to a portion of readers on Arabic, Chinese, French, Vietnamese, and English Wikipedia to better understand reading and sharing habits, and is scheduled to begin the week of May 18 and run for four weeks. * The Android and iOS Wikipedia apps recently released the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/25th_Birthday_Reading_Challenge|25-day reading challenge]] into Beta, as part of efforts to drive reader engagement by encouraging users to complete reading milestones. To track their reading streak during the challenge, App users can add a widget featuring Baby Globe to their home screen. The challenge officially begins May 11. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:17}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:17|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the global preference for enabling syntax highlighting in wikitext could unexpectedly disable itself after being turned on, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T425286] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The ResourceLoader module <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mediawiki.ui.input</nowiki></code></bdi>, deprecated since [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/39|September 2023]], will be removed this week. There is a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Migrating_from_MediaWiki_UI|guide for migrating from MediaWiki UI to Codex]] for any tools that use it. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T420125] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.2|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/20|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W20"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 2026年5月11日 (月) 19:20 (UTC) <!-- User:STei (WMF)@metawiki が https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30524429 のリストを使用して送信したメッセージ --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-21</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W21"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/21|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Abstract Wikipedia team has identified five potential pilot wikis to assess their interest in adopting abstract articles on their wikis. The pilots are Malayalam, Bengali, Dagbani, Arabic, and Indonesian Wikipedia. The feedback period will be open until May 22. If your community is interested in becoming a pilot, [[m:Talk:Abstract Wikipedia|let us know on Meta]]. '''Updates for editors''' * An experiment to show [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Reading Lists]] to logged-out readers on mobile web will launch on May 18 across German, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Polish, Dutch, Turkish, and Urdu Wikipedias, and will run for one month. The effort supports broader goals of helping readers save and organize articles for later reading, while encouraging habits that could lead to future Wikipedia contributions. * To support a bookmark button in the Reading List beta feature, the "Tools > Action" menu has been updated to display icons, including the watch star indicator that helps editors identify temporarily watched articles. The icons now also match those used on mobile, improving consistency across platforms. The change is currently limited to the actions menu and mainly affects editors with privileged user rights. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T426008] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Suggestion Mode]] was released as an [[w:en:A/B test|A/B test]] for newcomer editors on the mobile website at [[phab:T421189|~15 Wikipedias]]. The experiment will measure the impact that Suggestion Mode has on the proportion of newcomer mobile web edit sessions that result in constructive (un-reverted) article edits. The experiment will also evaluate the feature's impact on editor retention, and monitor changes in revert and block rates. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue in the Wikipedia Android app where images could sometimes fail to load after opening a recommended reading list notification, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418231] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata Platform|Wikidata Platform team]] has published its [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/Backend Replacement|backend replacement recommendation]] and accompanying [[wikitech:Wikidata Query Service/WDQS Architecture re-design|technical architecture]] for the migration of the Wikidata Query Service (WDQS) away from Blazegraph. Feedback is invited until May 25th 2026, especially on potential gaps and impacts on advanced use cases. Wikidata community members and WDQS users are also encouraged to help identify high-impact tools and workflows that may need attention on [[d:Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/High-Impact Use Cases|this page]]. Feedback can be shared on the [[d:Wikidata talk:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update|Migration talk page]] or during the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Blazegraph Migration Office Hours|next office hour]]. See the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Wikidata Platform team/Newsletter|WDP team newsletter]] for more details. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.3|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * On English, French, Japanese, and a few other Wikipedias, there was a [[diffblog:2025/09/02/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha/|trial of hCaptcha]], a third-party bot detection service. The trial showed that hCaptcha effectively detects and deters some bad-faith automated activity, on its own and by giving [[w:en:Wikipedia:Village pump (technical)/Archive 225#Introducing SuggestedInvestigations|checkusers and stewards]] signals to look into. Because the results were positive, hCaptcha will be rolled out across all wikis over the next few weeks. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/hCaptcha|See the hCaptcha project page]] for technical information about the implementation and privacy protections. [[diffblog:2026/05/04/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha-part-2/|Learn more]]. * The latest Community Tech update is now available, with progress across several Community Wishlist initiatives, including Reading Lists expansion from the mobile app to the website, new language support for "Who Wrote That" and the Personal Dashboard, improvements to 3D rendering and Charts, and upcoming work on talk page sorting, audio playback, and editing workflows. The update also shares current priorities, wishlist status trends, and opportunities for community feedback on future focus areas and the Wikimedia Foundation’s 2026–2027 Annual Plan. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#May 13, 2026: Latest updates from the Community Tech team|Read the full newsletter for details]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/21|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W21"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 2026年5月18日 (月) 20:21 (UTC) <!-- User:STei (WMF)@metawiki が https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30539262 のリストを使用して送信したメッセージ --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-22</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W22"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/22|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Following a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#LOWM|successful account creation experiment]], an improved logged-out edit warning message will be deployed to all Wikimedia wikis in the first week of June. The change will only affect logged-out users on mobile web who open an editing session. The updated experience is designed to encourage account creation more clearly, while still allowing users to edit with temporary accounts. Results from the experiment showed a significant increase in account creation, with a 27% relative lift among users shown the updated message. As expected, as more people funnel into account creation, temporary accounts decreased by a relative 16%. The experiment did not show any significant changes in constructive edit rates or other monitored contributor metrics. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424595] '''Updates for editors''' * For security reasons, members of certain user groups are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|required to have two-factor authentication]] (2FA) enabled. Members of these groups will be unable to disable the last 2FA method on their account, and it will be impossible to add users without 2FA to these groups. Users will still be able to add new authentication methods or remove them, as long as at least one method is continuously enabled. In the next few weeks, users without 2FA will be removed from these groups. Notably, this applies to bureaucrats. See the linked tasks for deployment schedules. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423119][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423120] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]] will run an [[w:en:A/B testing|A/B test]] on [[:phab:T415904|10 wikis]], testing [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/Reference Previews|potential improvements for Reference Previews]]. The experiment will run for ~2 weeks at the end of May / beginning of June and will affect 10% of desktop readers on the participating wikis. * After two successful experiments, the Reader Growth team is rolling out an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|Image Browsing]] beta feature for all Wikipedias on mobile on May 25. This means that anyone who has all beta features on by default will start to see this feature, and others can check the box to turn it on in their preferences. The beta feature will include a carousel of all an article's images at the top of the article, with controls for editors to [[mw:Readers/Reader_Growth/Image_Browsing#Phase_2.1_beta_feature|exclude images from the article's carousel or to exclude an article from the feature entirely]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, three dimensional STL files were being rendered incorrectly by the media viewer 3D extension which is now fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416723] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The legacy CSS classes <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>tleft</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>tright</nowiki></code></bdi> have been replaced with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatleft</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatright</nowiki></code></bdi> as the former do not work consistently across all MediaWiki platforms, notably mobile web and mobile apps. Projects relying on these classes are encouraged to review related usage and plan for migration. Please note that <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatleft</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatright</nowiki></code></bdi> may also be deprecated in future, although there are currently no plans to do so. [[phab:T426452|Read more]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.4|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/22|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W22"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 2026年5月25日 (月) 21:52 (UTC) <!-- User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki が https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30584502 のリストを使用して送信したメッセージ --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Vote now in the 2026 U4C election</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Eligible voters are asked to participate in the 2026 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] election. More information–including an eligibility check, voting process information, candidate information, and a link to the vote–are available on Meta at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|2026 Election information page]]. The vote closes on 2 June 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1780358400 00:00 UTC]. Please vote if your account is eligible. Results will be available by 14 June 2026. -- In cooperation with the U4C,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 2026年5月27日 (水) 17:15 (UTC) <!-- User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki が https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30513860 のリストを使用して送信したメッセージ --> == ESEAP Strategy Summit 2027開催決定のお知らせ == 先日開催された、[[meta:ESEAP Conference 2026|ESEAP Conference 2026]]にて、来年2027年5月にESEAP Strategy Summit 2027を大阪で開催することが発表されました。詳細はこれからの検討事項となりますが、決定次第[[meta:ESEAP Strategy Summit 2027|ESEAP Strategy Summit 2027]]のページにて公開されるほか、適宜こちらのお知らせにて随時投稿させていただきますので、興味のある方、当日お手伝いなどいただける方はMeta-WikiのESEAP Strategy Summit 2027のページをご確認いただくか、[[meta:Wikimedians of Japan User Group|Wikimedians of Japan User Group]]にメンバーとして参加いただくことをご検討ください。--[[利用者:VZP10224(WjpUG)|VZP10224(WjpUG)]] ([[利用者・トーク:VZP10224(WjpUG)|トーク]]) 2026年5月28日 (木) 11:26 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-23</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W23"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/23|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] is conducting an experiment to show the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|reading lists]] feature, which is still in development, to logged-out mobile readers to test whether it encourages account creation at a higher rate compared to the watchstar button. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists#Experiment timeline|experiment]] was launched on May 18th on German, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Polish, Dutch, Turkish, and Urdu wikis, and it will run for a month. * The Wikimedia Apps team released [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh/Phase 1|Phase 1]] of the redesigned Home Feed to the Android Beta app. The new Home Feed includes a refreshed "Community" tab and a personalized "For You" tab featuring daily updated reading recommendations. The redesign is part of a broader effort to improve content discovery and create more engaging learning experiences in the Wikipedia apps. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:18}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:18|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where images could fail to load for some suggested edits on [[w:Special:Homepage|Special:Homepage]], leaving the thumbnail stuck in a loading state, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424048] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.5|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/23|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W23"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 2026年6月1日 (月) 21:08 (UTC) <!-- User:STei (WMF)@metawiki が https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30613639 のリストを使用して送信したメッセージ --> 0itsn2bij28utuu2uuq3ycpfzwg0y2o 0 299460 2278568 2233515 2026-06-02T11:48:54Z Kuroco2k 84207 2278568 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DEFAULTSORT:svaty svatý}} {{Cyrl|{{also|svätý|сваты}}}} =={{cs}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|sla-pro|ces}} ''{{Cyrl|{{recons|lang=sla-pro|svętъ}}}}'' < {{etyl|ine|ces}} ''{{recons|lang=ine|ḱwen-}}〔聖なる〕'' ==={{pron|ces}}=== *{{IPA|ˈsvatiː}} （慣用読み: 「'''スヴァ'''ティー」） *{{rhymes|atiː}} ==={{adj}}=== {{cs-adj}} #[[聖なる]]。[[神聖]]な。 ===={{decl}}==== {{cs-adecl}} ===={{drv}}==== *[[svatokopecký]] *[[svatokrádež]] *[[svatokupčit]] *[[svatokupecký]] *[[svatokupectví]] *[[svatost]] *[[svátost]] *[[svatozář]] *[[svatvečer]] *[[Svatý Kopeček]] 20mb9ldrxjfvjkmkd9jedrmsdn7jam8 0 302231 2278569 2221055 2026-06-02T11:48:55Z Kuroco2k 84207 2278569 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DEFAULTSORT:lakomy lakomý}} {{also|Lakomý|Lakomy|łakomy|Łakomy}} =={{L|cs}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|zlw-ocs|cs}} {{m|zlw-ocs|lakomý}} < {{etyl|sla-pro|ces}} ''{{recons|lang=sla-pro|olkomъ|tr=“貪欲な”|sc=Cyrl}}'' ===={{cogn}}==== *{{cog|pl|łakomy||貪欲な}} *{{cog|ru|лакомый|ла́комый|とても美味しい}} ==={{pron}}=== *{{cs-IPA}} *{{hyph|cs|la|ko|mý}} *{{kanahyoki|cs|'''ラ'''コミー}} ==={{adj}}=== {{cs-adj}} #[[けち]]な。 #:{{syn|cs|lakotný|skoupý}} #:{{ant|cs|štědrý}} ===={{decl}}==== {{cs-adecl}} ===={{drv}}==== {{col2|cs|lakomec|lakomnice|lakomství}} ===={{rel}}==== *{{l|cs|lakomec|t=守銭奴}} lzciafvwcjntl055rwo66t3ywf0xc0a 0 303343 2278570 2200440 2026-06-02T11:48:55Z Kuroco2k 84207 2278570 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DEFAULTSORT:zeleny zelený}} =={{L|cs}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|sla-pro|cs}} {{m|sla-pro|*zelenъ}} ===={{cogn}}==== *{{sla}}: **[[{{sh}}]]: {{l|sh|зѐлен}} / {{l|sh|zèlen}} **[[{{bg}}]]: {{l|bg|зеле́н}} **[[{{pl}}]]: {{l|pl|zielony}} **[[{{ru}}]]: {{l|ru|зелёный}} *非{{sla}}: **[[{{lv}}]]: {{l|lv|zaļš}} **[[{{lt}}]]: {{l|lt|žãlias}} ==={{pron}}=== * {{cs-IPA}} :[[File:Cs-zelený.ogg]] * {{hyphenation|ze|le|ný}} ==={{adjective}}=== [[File:Color icon green.svg|thumb|right|{{lang|cs|Zelená barva}}]] {{cs-adj}} #{{context|color|lang=cs}}{{ふりがな|緑|みどり}}の、[[緑色]]の。 #: {{ux|cs|[[její|Její]] '''zelené''' [[oko|oči]] [[on|ho]] [[přitahovat|přitahovaly]].|translation=彼女の'''緑色'''の目は彼をとりこにした。}} #[[未熟]]な。 ===={{decl}}==== {{cs-adecl}} ===={{drv}}==== *{{l|cs|zelenat|t=緑色になる}} *{{l|cs|zelenina|t=野菜}} ===={{rel}}==== *{{l|cs|zelená|t=緑色}} *{{l|cs|zeli|t=キャベツ}} ==={{seealso}}=== {{色名/cs}} aebpvy65vrrg8zqk9eja7kwdcnntyh7 0 304015 2278571 1390556 2026-06-02T11:48:55Z Kuroco2k 84207 2278571 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DEFAULTSORT:spatny špatný}} =={{cs}}== ==={{cogn}}=== *[[{{sk}}]]: {{l|slk|špatný}} *[[{{pl}}]]: {{l|pol|szpetny}} ==={{pron}}=== * {{cs-IPA}} :[[File:Cs-špatný.ogg]] * カナ表記例: 「シュ'''パ'''トニー」 * {{hyphenation|špat|ný}} ==={{adjective}}=== {{cs-adj|horší|nejhorší}} #{{おくりがな2|悪|わる|い|わるい}}。 #[[まちがう|間違った]]。 #[[よわい|弱った]]。 #{{おくりがな2|劣|おと|った|おとる}}。 ===={{decl}}==== {{cs-adecl}} ===={{syn}}==== *(語義1): {{l|ces|shnilý}}, {{l|ces|ubohý}}, {{l|ces|zlý}} *(語義2): {{l|ces|chybný}}, {{l|ces|klamný}}, {{l|ces|křivý}}, {{l|ces|kulhavý}}, {{l|ces|mylný}}, {{l|ces|nevěrný}} *(語義3): {{l|ces|něžný}}, {{l|ces|slabý}}, {{l|ces|tenký}}, {{l|ces|útlý}} *(語義4): {{l|ces|bláhový}} ===={{ant}}==== *(語義1): {{l|ces|dobrý}} ===={{drv}}==== *{{l|ces|špatně}} 23d5c8e7lx7y9juaywqs7ghdjgckrdd 0 305542 2278572 1390690 2026-06-02T11:48:56Z Kuroco2k 84207 2278572 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DEFAULTSORT:jedovaty jedovatý}} =={{cs}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{suffix+|jed|t1=毒|ový|lang=ces}} + "{{l|ces|-atý}}" [[category:{{cs}}_{{suffix}}"-atý"]] ==={{pron}}=== *{{IPA|ˈjɛdovatiː|lang=ces}} *: カナ表記例: 「'''イェ'''ドヴァティー」 *{{lang|cs|{{hyphenation|je|do|va|tý}}}} ==={{adj}}=== {{cs-adj|jedovatější|nejjedovatější}} #{{ふりがな|毒|どく}}のある。[[有毒]]の。 ===={{decl}}==== {{cs-adecl}} ===={{rel}}==== *''{{l|ces|jed}} を参照。'' 2izqfhm7ykepczlohvle9srsohuhk87 0 307136 2278573 1390752 2026-06-02T11:48:56Z Kuroco2k 84207 2278573 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DEFAULTSORT:jablecny}} =={{cs}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{suffix+|jablko|ný|lang=ces}} ===={{cogn}}==== *[[{{ru}}]]: {{l|rus|яблочный|я́блочный|tr=jábločnyj}} ==={{pron}}=== *{{IPA|ˈjablɛt͡ʃniː|lang=ces}} *: カナ表記例: 「'''ヤ'''ブレチュニー」 *{{lang|cs|{{hyphenation|jab|leč|ný}}}} ==={{adj}}=== {{cs-adj}} #{{ふりがな|林檎|りんご}}の。 #*{{lang|cs|''{{l|ces|on|On}} [[pít|pije]] '''jablečný''' [[džus]].''}} #*:彼は'''リンゴ'''ジュースを飲んでいる。 ===={{decl}}==== {{cs-adecl}} ===={{rel}}==== *''{{l|ces|jablko}} を参照。'' c2w76tlkz80ueislsl55tusxq2ulxp2 0 307627 2278343 1954618 2026-06-02T08:15:00Z TAKA647 91604 2278343 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢字== {{kanji|乙|3}} {{kanji variants|尸=字義1|嵋=字義2|楣=字義3|湄=字義4|眉=字義5|鶥=字義6}} ===字義=== #「[[尸]]」の[[同字]]（『{{w|漢語大字典}}』掲載）。 #「[[嵋]]」の[[二簡字]]。 #「[[楣]]」の[[二簡字]]。 #「[[湄]]」の[[二簡字]]。 #「[[眉]]」の[[二簡字]]。 #「[[鶥]]」の[[二簡字]]。 [[カテゴリ:二簡字|mei2]] =={{コード}}== {{文字コード|gb=95329836|cns=10-2225|全={{全字庫|664101}}}} {{字典|hdz=10051.160}} 8zjmye4gv9hq76jj8wjyojlvg5gsjxo 0 307676 2278417 1759033 2026-06-02T09:51:24Z Daxidawiki 126582 Fix template 2278417 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|にゅうぼう}} =={{L|ja}}== {{wikipedia}} ==={{noun}}=== [[File:Weibliche brust en.jpg|thumb|乳房]] {{ja-noun|にゅうぼう|[[ちぶさ]]}} #[[哺乳類]]の[[メス]]が具える[[外性器]]の一つ。[[女性]]では[[乳腺]]から[[乳汁]]を[[分泌]]し、[[哺乳器]]としての[[機能]]を内包する。 [[Category:{{ja}}_性科学]] ===={{rel}}==== *[[乳癌]] *[[巨乳]]、[[貧乳]] {{-}} ===={{trans}}==== {{trans-top}} *{{T|is}}: {{t|is|brjóst|n}}, {{t|is|bobblingur|m}} *{{T|ga}}: {{t|ga|brollach|m}}, {{t|ga|cíoch|f}}, {{t|ga|broinne|m}} *{{T|av}}: {{t|av|кеке}} *{{T|ast}}: {{t|ast|pechu|m}} *{{T|az}}: {{t|az|məmə}} *{{T|as}}: {{t|as|স্তন}} *{{T|aa}}: {{t|aa|angu}} *{{T|af}}: {{t|af|bors}} *{{T|ar}}: {{t|ar|ثَدْي|m}} *:{{T|arz}}: {{t|arz|بز|m|tr=bezz}} *:{{T|afb}}: {{t|afb|ديد|m|tr=dēd}} *:{{T|acw}}: {{t|acw|صَدِر|m|tr=ṣadir}}, {{t|acw|ديس|m|tr=dēs}} *{{T|rup}}: {{t|rup|sin}} *{{T|sq}}: {{t|sq|gji}} *{{T|hy}}: {{t|hy|կուրծք}}, {{t|hy|ստինք}} *{{T|gsw}}: {{t|de|Brust|f}} *{{T|it}}: {{t|it|seno|m}}, {{t|it|mammella|f}} *{{T|yi}}: {{t|yi|ברוסט|f}} *{{T|io}}: {{t|io|mamo}} *{{T|id}}: {{t|id|payudara}}, {{t|is|buah dada}}, {{t|id|susu}} *{{T|ug}}: {{t|ug|يېلىن}}, {{t|ug|ئەمچەك}} *{{T|cy}}: {{t|cy|bron|f}} *{{T|vo}}: {{t|vo|blöt}} *{{T|uk}}: {{t|uk|грудь|f}}, {{t|uk|гру́ди|f-p}} *{{T|uz}} {{t|uz|emchak}}, {{t|uz|yelin}} *{{T|ur}}: {{t|ur|پستان|m|tr=pistān}} *{{T|en}}: [[breast]], [[udder]] *{{T|ee}}: {{t|ee|no}} *{{T|et}}: {{t|et|rind}} *{{T|eo}}: {{t|eo|mamo}} *{{T|myv}}: {{t|myv|поте}} *{{T|oj}}: {{t|oj|indoodooshim}} *{{T|ota}}: {{t|ota|پستان|tr=pistan}}, {{t|ota|ثدی|tr=sedy}} *{{T|nl}}: {{t|nl|borst|f}} *{{T|kk}}: {{t|kk|емшек}} *{{T|ca}}: {{t|ca|pit|m}}, {{t|ca|mama|f}}, {{t|ca|mamella|f}}, {{t|ca|teta|f}}, {{t|ca|sina|f}} *{{T|kn}}: {{t|kn|ಮೊಲೆ}}, {{t|kn|ಸ್ತನ}} *{{T|se}}: {{t|se|čižži}} *{{T|el}}: {{t|el|στήθος|n|sc=Grek}}, {{t|el|μαστός|m|sc=Grek}} *:{{T|grc}}: {{t|grc|μαστός|m|sc=Grek}} *{{T|ky}}: {{t|ky|эмчек}} *{{T|gn}}: {{t|gn|titi}} *{{T|gu}}: {{t|gu|સ્તન}} *{{T|km}}: {{t|km|ដោះ}}, {{t|km|សុដន់}}, {{t-check|km|ថនា}} *{{T|crh}}: {{t|crh|emçek}} *{{T|ka}}: {{t|ka|ძუძუ}} *{{T|ku}}: {{t|ku|مەمک}}, {{t|ku|çiçik}}, {{t|ku|memik|f}} *{{T|qu}}: {{t|qu|ñuñu}} *{{T|xh}}: {{t|xh|ibele}} *{{T|nci}}: {{t|nah|chichihualli}} *{{T|cop}}: {{t|cop|ⲕⲓϥⲓ|f}}, {{t|cop|ⲙⲛⲟⲧ|m}}, {{t|cop|ⲙⲛⲟϯ|p}} *{{T|sc}}: {{t|sc|sinu}} *{{T|sa}}: {{t|sa|कुच}}, {{t|sa|स्तन|m}} *{{T|scn}}: {{t|scn|nennè|f}} *{{T|jv}}: {{t|jv|susu}} *{{T|sv}}: {{t|sv|bröst|n}} *{{T|zu}}: {{t|zu|ibele|c5|c6}} *{{T|gd}}: {{t|gd|cìoch|f}} *{{T|es}}: {{t|es|pecho|m}}, {{t|es|seno|m}}, {{t|es|teta|f}} *{{T|sk}}: {{t|sk|prsník|m}}, {{t|sk|prsia|n-p}} *{{T|sl}}: {{t|sl|prsi|p}}, {{t|sl|dojka|f}} *{{T|sw}}: {{t|sw|titi|c5|c6}} *{{T|su}}: {{t|su|pinarep}} *{{T|zea}}: {{t|zea|bost|m}} *{{T|sh}}: {{t|sh|гру̑ди}}/{{t|sh|grȗdi|f-p}}, {{t|sh|си̏са}}/{{t|sh|sȉsa|f}}, {{t|sh|пр̏са}}/{{t|sh|pȑsa|n-p}} *{{T|th}}: {{t|th|เต้านม}}, {{t|th|นม}} *{{T|tl}}: {{t|tl|suso}} *{{T|tg}}: {{t|tg|пистон}} *{{T|tt}}: {{t|tt|ими}} *{{T|ta}}: {{t|ta|முலை}} *{{T|cs}}: {{t|cs|prs|m}}, {{t|cs|ňadro|n}} *{{T|bo}}: {{t|bo|ནུ་མ}} *{{T|ccc}}: {{t|ccc|teni}} *{{T|ch}}: {{t|ch|susu}} *{{T|bcl}}: {{t|bcl|suso}} *{{T|dsb}}: {{t|dsb|bok|m}}, {{t|dsb|prědk|m}} *{{T|te}}: {{t|te|చన్ను}}, {{t|te|స్తనము}} *{{T|da}}: {{t|da|bryst|n}} *{{T|txb}}: (双数) {{t|txb|päścane}} *{{T|tk}}: {{t|tk|emjek}}, {{t|tk|määme}} *{{T|tr}}: {{t|tr|meme}} *{{T|fy}}: {{t|fy|boarst}} *{{T|ny}}: {{t|ny|bere}} *{{T|ne}}: {{t|ne|स्तन}} *{{T|no}}: *:{{T|nn}}: {{t|nn|bryst|n}}, {{t|nn|pupp|m}} *:{{T|nb}}: {{t|nb|bryst|n}}, {{t|nb|pupp|m}} *{{T|pi}}: {{t|pi|thana|m}} *{{T|ht}}: {{t|ht|sen}} *{{T|ba}}: {{t|ba|имсәк}} *{{T|ps}}: {{t|ps|تی|m|tr=tay}}, {{t|ps|غلانځه|f|tr=ǧǝlānza}}, {{t|ps|چچو|m|tr=čačo}} *{{T|eu}}: {{t|eu|bular}}, {{t|eu|titi}}, {{t|eu|ugatz}}, {{t|eu|papar}}, {{t|eu|papo}} *{{T|haw}}: {{t|haw|ū}}, {{t|haw|waiū}} *{{T|hu}}: {{t|hu|mell}} *{{T|hit}}: {{t|hit|𒋼𒂊𒋫𒀭|tr=te-e-ta-an}} *{{T|pjt}}: {{t|pjt|ipi}}, {{t|pjt|mimi}} *{{T|my}}: {{t|my|နို့}} *{{T|hi}}: {{t|hi|स्तन|m}} *{{T|fi}}: {{t|fi|rinta}} *{{T|fo}}: {{t|fo|bróst|n}} *{{T|fr}}: {{t|fr|sein|m}}, {{t|fr|poitrine|f}} *{{T|fur}}: {{t|fur|stomi}}, {{t|fur|pet}}, {{t|fur|tete}}, {{t|fur|sen}} *{{T|bg}}: {{t|bg|гърда́|f}}, {{t|bg|гръд|f}} *{{T|br}}: {{t|br|bronn|f}} *{{T|vi}}: {{t|vi|vú}} *{{T|he}}: {{t|he|שָׁד|m|tr=shad}}, {{t|he|ציצי|m|tr=tsitsi}} *{{T|be}}: {{t|be|гру́дзі|f-p}} *{{T|fa}}: {{t|fa|پستان|tr=pestân}}, {{t|fa|ممه|tr=mame}} *{{T|bn}}: {{t|bn|স্তন}} *{{T|pl}}: {{t|pl|pierś|f}}, {{t|pl|biust|m}}, {{t|pl|cycek|m}} (口語、丁寧ではない) *{{T|pt}}: {{t|pt|seio|m}}, {{t|pt|peito|m}}, {{t|pt|mama|f}}, {{t|pt|maminha|f}} *{{T|mk}}: {{t|mk|града|f}}, {{t|mk|дојка|f}} *{{T|ml}}: {{t|ml|മുല}}, {{t|ml|സ്‌തനം}} *{{T|mt}}: {{t|mt|tas-sider}} *{{T|ms}}: {{t|ms|tetek}}, {{t|ms|payudara}}, {{t|ms|susu}}, {{t|ms|buah dada}} *{{T|gv}}: {{t|gv|kee}} *{{T|mnw}}: {{t|mnw|တှ်}} *{{T|mn}}: {{t|mn|мээм}} *{{T|yua}}: {{t|yua|iim}} *{{T|lo}}: {{t|lo|ຕູ້}}, {{t|lo|ເຕົ້ານົມ}}, {{t|lo|ຖານາ}}, {{t|lo|ນົມ}} *{{T|la}}: {{t|la|mamma|f}}, {{t|la|sūmen|n}} *{{T|lv}}: {{t|lv|krūts|f}} *{{T|ltg}}: {{t|ltg|kryuts|f}} *{{T|lt}}: {{t|lt|krūtis|f}} *{{T|ro}}: {{t|ro|piept|n}}, {{t|ro|sân|m}} *{{T|luy}}: {{t|luy|kamaturu}} *{{T|ru}}: {{t|ru|грудь|f}}, {{t|ru|гру́ди|f-p}}, {{t|ru|сиська|alt=си́ськи|f-p}}, {{t|ru|пе́рси|f-p}}, {{t|ru|дойка|f-p|alt=до́йки}}, {{t|ru|ти́тьки|f-p}}, {{t|ru|буфер|m-p|alt=буфера́}} *{{T|war}}: {{t|war|suso}} *{{T|wmw}}: {{t|wmw|were}} {{trans-bottom}} ---- =={{L|zh}}== {{wikipedia|lang=zh}} [[Category:{{zh}}|ru3fang2]] ==={{noun}}=== [[Category:{{zh}}_{{noun}}|ru3fang2]] {{zhchars}}（rǔfáng） #[[ちぶさ]]。 ---- =={{L|ko}}== [[Category:{{ko}}|유방]] ==={{noun}}=== [[Category:{{ko}}_{{noun}}|유방]] {{kochars}}（[[유방]]） #[[ちぶさ]]。 tefoueptylo77m9b70e2p5nvzap5u6n 0 308671 2278574 1390795 2026-06-02T11:48:56Z Kuroco2k 84207 2278574 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DEFAULTSORT:paty}} =={{cs}}== ==={{pron}}=== * {{IPA|ˈpaːtiː}} ==={{adjective}}=== {{cs-adj}} #{{context|ordinal|lang=ces}}[[第五]]の。[[五]][[番目]]の。 ===={{decl}}==== {{cs-adecl}} ===={{drv}}==== * {{l|ces|pátý pád}} * {{l|ces|popáté}} ===={{rel}}==== * {{l|ces|pět}} ejf95orcvpc8ce43ggqrkple26nr1o7 0 327132 2278360 2278158 2026-06-02T08:41:40Z M-30722 1202 2278360 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|しょとう|じょとう|じょどう}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana|h=y}} *【[[初動]]】[[最初]]にする[[行動]]。 *【[[諸道]]】諸々の[[道路]]。 *【[[書道]]】[[東洋]][[発祥]]のカリグラフィー。 cm8w48imietudkgowxcoblh28jcsqh0 0 338642 2278314 1933506 2026-06-02T07:54:54Z Daxidawiki 126582 Fix template 2278314 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|ちょくめん}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun-suru|[[ちょくめん]]}} #[[建物]]などが[[直接]]何かに[[面する|面し]]ていること。 #[[物事]]に直接[[対する]]こと。 ==={{verb}}=== [[Category:{{ja}}_{{verb}}]] {{inf-ja||サ|変|直面|する}} adsoe2aqxkrikp3t7e95qkpfeyu7c04 0 338705 2278298 2022338 2026-06-02T06:39:56Z Daxidawiki 126582 Fix template 2278298 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|こうげい}} {{also|工藝}} {{Wikipedia}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[こうげい]]}} #ものを作る際の[[技芸]]、[[芸術]]。 #[[実用品]]を製作する際に[[美術]]的な[[要素]]を[[とりいれる|取り入れる]]こと。また、そのような[[製品]]。 qnbeokht6sv5d5ni8tkjpo2x05i4jad 0 339313 2278173 1933623 2026-06-01T12:25:26Z Daxidawiki 126582 Fix template 2278173 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|けいちょう}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[けいちょう]]}} #[[いわいごと|祝い事]]（[[結婚]]や[[出産]]など）と[[弔事]]（[[葬儀]]など）。 ===={{rel}}==== *[[祝儀]] *[[冠婚葬祭]] 7jl33cwhu5tuzapd8r9gn9fb7ctjcpj 0 343274 2278175 1934123 2026-06-01T12:26:49Z Daxidawiki 126582 Fix template 2278175 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|ja}}== {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|ちょうじ}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[ちょうじ]]}} #人の[[死亡]]や[[葬儀]]などの[[とむらい|弔い]]に関すること。 ===={{ant}}==== *[[慶事]] 2m4at2z3ruazpvkhsor02icp5pr5lye 0 343308 2278280 1934132 2026-06-02T06:25:25Z Daxidawiki 126582 Fix template 2278280 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|ja}}== {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|げいのう}} {{wikipedia}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun-suru|げいのう}} #[[体得]]した[[芸]]の[[能力]]。 #[[演劇]]、[[音楽]]、[[舞踏]]、[[映画]]などの[[大衆]][[演劇]]の[[総称]]。 #[[芸術]]と[[技能]]。 ===={{rel}}==== *[[芸能界]] *[[芸能人]] 9cn6isj9ltac2wy47j0z73b7q6dotb9 0 343650 2278309 1934278 2026-06-02T07:13:41Z Daxidawiki 126582 Fix template 2278309 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|ja}}== {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|せしゅう}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun-suru|せしゅう}} (古:[[せいしゅう]]) #ある家の[[地位]]や[[身分]]、[[財産]]、[[職業]]などをその家の[[子孫]]が代々[[つたえる|伝えて]]いくこと。 ===={{rel}}==== *[[相続]] ==={{verb}}=== [[Category:{{ja}} {{verb}}]] {{日本語サ変活用}} =={{L|zh}}== [[category:{{zh}}|shi4xi2]] ==={{noun}}=== [[category:{{zh}} {{noun}}|shi4xi2]] {{zhchars}}({{unicode|shìxí}} 簡体字:[[世袭]]) #（日本語に同じ） 1ad05gron4l62xpnfu3e24g1oxdwmla 0 344354 2278172 1934541 2026-06-01T12:24:01Z Daxidawiki 126582 Fix template 2278172 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|ja}}== {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|へいよう}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun-suru|へいよう}} # {{ふりがな|他|ほか}}のものと{{おくりがな2|併|あわ|せ|あわせる}}て{{おくりがな2|用|もち|いる|もちいる}}こと。 ===={{syn}}==== * [[両用]] ==={{verb}}=== {{ja-verb-suru|へいよう}} {{日本語サ変活用}} 5uu0qw89qtdjr0h5x5e2uhrytgk00pe 0 344581 2278484 2177375 2026-06-02T10:59:14Z M-30722 1202 2278484 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|ぶちょう}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana|h=y}} *【[[不調]]】[[調子]]が悪いこと。 *【[[符牒]]】[[商品]]に付けられている、[[状態]]などを走り書きした紙片のこと。[[付箋]]。{{同音前|符丁}}。 *【[[婦長]]】[[看護婦]]、[[保健婦]]、[[助産婦]]の[[長]]。 *【[[府庁]]】[[府]]の[[事務]]を執り行う[[庁舎]]。 *【[[府鳥]]】府を[[象徴]]する[[とり|鳥]]。 *【[[府蝶]]】府を象徴する[[蝶]]。 k7nq9rxwb684vxml7tn1rcz0en49axw 0 344605 2278318 1934668 2026-06-02T08:06:21Z Daxidawiki 126582 Fix template 2278318 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|ja}}== {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|せじょう}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun-suru|[[せじょう]]}} #[[鍵]]を[[かける]]こと。 ==={{verb}}=== {{ja-verb-suru|[[せじょう]]}} {{日本語サ変活用}} eogcdpagr9kbjae3vczhv6vuikyvaee 0 345502 2278271 1935151 2026-06-02T06:22:00Z Daxidawiki 126582 Fix template 2278271 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|ja}}== {{wikipedia}} {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|りゅうは}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[りゅうは]]}} #[[流儀]]の[[ちがい|違い]]による[[わかれ]]。 ===={{rel}}==== *[[分派]] ===={{trans}}==== *{{T|es}}: {{t|es|escuela|f}}, {{t|es|estilo|m}} =={{L|zh}}== [[category:{{zh}}|liu2pai4]] ==={{noun}}=== [[category:{{zh}} {{noun}}|liu2pai4]] {{zhchars}}({{unicode|liúpài}}) #（河川の）[[支流]]。 #[[学派]]。 bd8h64amfl9rx5g7hil1yn58bd5zql0 0 345503 2278273 1935152 2026-06-02T06:22:40Z Daxidawiki 126582 Fix template 2278273 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|ja}}== {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|りゅうぎ}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|りゅうぎ}} #[[芸道]]の[[流派]]などで[[ふるい|古く]]から[[つたえる|伝えら]]れる[[手法]]や[[しきたり]]。 #[[やりかた]]。[[しかた]]。 t1udmd2f3geubhmxdd5t9peqebq1euo 0 347787 2278381 1936362 2026-06-02T09:08:57Z Daxidawiki 126582 Fix template 2278381 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|臟器|脏器}} =={{L|ja}}== {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|ぞうき}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[ぞうき]]}} #[[からだ|体]]の[[内部]]にある諸[[器官]]。[[内臓]]。 [[Category:{{ja}} 医学]] ===={{trans}}==== {{trans-see|内臓}} anms3hgc6cqxouda1lub4eu0hder1dm 0 348350 2278400 1936665 2026-06-02T09:41:56Z Daxidawiki 126582 Fix template 2278400 wikitext text/x-wiki {{wikipedia}} =={{L|ja}}== {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|さんや}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|さんや}} #[[やま|山]]と[[野原]]。 #[[田舎]]。 =={{L|zh}}== [[category:{{zh}}|shan1ye3]] ==={{noun}}=== [[category:{{zh}} {{noun}}|shan1ye3]] {{zhchars}} ({{unicode|shānyě}}) #山と[[原野]]。 ==={{adj}}=== [[category:{{zh}} {{adj}}|shan1ye3]] {{zhchars}} ({{unicode|shānyě}}) #[[いなか|田舎]]の。 #[[民間]]の。 k1xua3r08hpndx5s4yg0gkif8esg2ow 0 355279 2278256 1937957 2026-06-02T06:07:39Z Daxidawiki 126582 Fix template 2278256 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|ja}}== {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|きこう}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[きこう]]}} #主に[[男性]]が[[同輩]]または[[目下]]の者に対して[[いう|言う]][[語]]。貴殿。貴様。 =={{L|zh}}== [[category:{{zh}}|gui4gong1]] ==={{noun}}=== [[category:{{zh}} {{noun}}|gui4gong1]] {{zhchars}} ({{unicode|guìgōng}} 簡体字:[[贵公]]) #[[貴人]]。 #[[対称]]の[[敬称]]。 ==={{name}}=== [[category:{{zh}} {{name}}|gui4gong1]] {{zhchars}} ({{unicode|guìgōng}} 簡体字:[[贵公]]) #(歴史)[[三国時代]][[魏|魏朝]]の第4代皇帝{{ruby|[[w:曹髦|曹髦]]|そうぼう}}。 7etqdb4p7eadiglas4rvj5j6ta2lgvc 2278257 2278256 2026-06-02T06:09:01Z Daxidawiki 126582 noun > pronoun 2278257 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|ja}}== {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|きこう}} ==={{pronoun}}=== {{ja-pronoun|[[きこう]]}} #主に[[男性]]が[[同輩]]または[[目下]]の者に対して[[いう|言う]][[語]]。貴殿。貴様。 =={{L|zh}}== [[category:{{zh}}|gui4gong1]] ==={{noun}}=== [[category:{{zh}} {{noun}}|gui4gong1]] {{zhchars}} ({{unicode|guìgōng}} 簡体字:[[贵公]]) #[[貴人]]。 #[[対称]]の[[敬称]]。 ==={{name}}=== [[category:{{zh}} {{name}}|gui4gong1]] {{zhchars}} ({{unicode|guìgōng}} 簡体字:[[贵公]]) #(歴史)[[三国時代]][[魏|魏朝]]の第4代皇帝{{ruby|[[w:曹髦|曹髦]]|そうぼう}}。 bzd3cq0tywm6wc9wzli4idsqqd68uk9 0 355280 2278258 1937958 2026-06-02T06:10:39Z Daxidawiki 126582 Fix template 2278258 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|ja}}== {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|どうはい}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[どうはい]]}} #[[同等]]の[[地位]]にある[[あいだがら|間柄]]。その人。 ===={{rel}}==== *[[先輩]] *[[後輩]] =={{L|zh}}== [[category:{{zh}}|tong2bei4]] ==={{noun}}=== [[category:{{zh}} {{noun}}|tong2bei4]] {{zhchars}}({{unicode|tóngbèi}} 簡体字:[[同辈]]) #同[[世代]]の者。 #[[友人]]、[[ともがら]]。 #[[同僚]]。 ad5jb3bxu3za31jvujjsmv1kh4oqv0k 0 355287 2278399 1937965 2026-06-02T09:41:00Z Daxidawiki 126582 Fix template 2278399 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|ja}}== {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|たいよう}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[たいよう]]}} #[[おおまか]]な[[要領]]。[[要点]]。 #[[概要]]。[[あらまし]]。 =={{L|zh}}== [[category:{{zh}}|da4yao4]] ==={{noun}}=== [[category:{{zh}} {{noun}}|da4yao4]] {{zhchars}} ({{unicode|dàyào}}) #[[概略]]、[[梗概]]、[[概要]]。 d7imt1r79nn8702kzwzf676zgz2v5kq 0 355765 2278317 2143892 2026-06-02T08:05:18Z Daxidawiki 126582 Fix template 2278317 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|ja}}== {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|せじょう}} ==={{noun}}・{{adv}}=== {{ja-noun|[[せじょう]]}} [[Category:{{ja}}_{{adv}}]] #[[世の中]]。[[世間]]。 =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|shi4shang4|adv}} {{yue-cat|sai3seung6|adv}} ==={{pron}}=== {{cmn-pron|shìshàng}} {{yue-pron|sai3 soeng6}} ==={{adv}}=== {{zhchars}} #[[世界]]で、[[世間]]で。 =={{L|ko}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ko-head|noun|세상}} # [[よのなか|世の中]]、[[よ|世]]、[[世間]]、[[社会]]、[[世界]]。 # [[生涯]]。 # [[今世]]。 # [[時代]]、[[時勢]]、[[時世]]。 # （天国や天上に対比した）[[地上]]。 # （刑務所や修道院などから見た）外の世界、[[娑婆]]、[[俗世]]。 7sr1p0qgf98a9pkyqiv8j6qt0kuecho 0 356176 2278262 2203366 2026-06-02T06:16:35Z Daxidawiki 126582 Fix template 2278262 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|ja}}== {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|ちょっけい}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun-suru|[[ちょっけい]]}} #[[直接]]何かを[[うけつぐ|受け継ぐ]][[系統]]。 #[[親子]]など[[直接]]の[[血筋]]を引く[[系統]]。 ===={{rel}}==== *[[直系血族]] *[[傍系]] =={{L|zh}}== {{拡大|直|系|lang=zh}} [[category:{{zh}}|zhi2xi4]] ==={{noun}}=== [[category:{{zh}} {{noun}}|zhi2xi4]] {{zhchars}}({{unicode|zhíxì}}) #直接の親子関係。 ===={{comp}}==== *{{l|zh|直系亲属}}/{{l|zh|直系親屬}} *{{l|zh|直系血亲}}/{{l|zh|直系血親}} ==={{name}}=== {{wikipedia|lang=zh}} [[category:{{zh}} {{name}}|zhi2xi4]] {{zhchars}}({{unicode|zhíxì}}) #[[w:北洋軍閥|北洋軍閥]][[w:直隷派|直隷派]]。 q492lrcrw1jwgffe91ckm1rq66v4gba 0 356268 2278263 2203362 2026-06-02T06:17:37Z Daxidawiki 126582 Fix template 2278263 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|ja}}== {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|ぼうけい}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[ぼうけい]]}} #[[直系]]（[[主流]]）から[[わかれる|分かれ]]た[[系統]]。 ===={{syn}}==== *[[傍流]] ===={{rel}}==== *[[傍系血族]] **[[傍系尊属]] **[[傍系卑属]] =={{L|zh}}== [[category:{{zh}}|pang2xi4]] ==={{noun}}=== [[category:{{zh}} {{noun}}|pang2xi4]] {{zhchars}}({{unicode|pángxì}}) #直系から分岐した系統。 lzffzkumbov6atlxduyzc4c2bw6eedf 0 362622 2278291 1940230 2026-06-02T06:30:57Z Daxidawiki 126582 Fix template 2278291 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|ja}}== {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|じょい}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[じょい]]}} #[[位階]]に[[叙]]すること。また、叙せられること。 jocqj1wbbudbdm5803zluq3uiwg8dlr 0 367910 2278347 2096358 2026-06-02T08:30:52Z M-30722 1202 2278347 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|たんかん|たんがん|だんかん}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana|h=y}} *【[[弾丸]]】銃弾、砲弾などの総称。 *【[[断岸]]】断崖。 *【[[男玩]]】男児向けの玩具。 h4weto5jcrotf1zwma4i30fbwyybjiz 0 367911 2278350 1689603 2026-06-02T08:32:19Z M-30722 1202 2278350 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|たんかん|たんがん|だんがん}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana|h=y}} *【[[断簡]]】切れ切れになった文書。 *【[[弾冠]]】世間の汚れを嫌うこと。 ihdcnz8ajxbsj3ojjv2giacflyojsax 0 368363 2278539 2015744 2026-06-02T11:35:17Z ~2026-32767-11 131767 /* 意義 */ 2278539 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DEFAULTSORT:hui3}} ==漢字== <span lang="zh" xml:lang="ja" style="font-size:350%">{{PAGENAME}}</span> * {{部首|殳|9}} * {{総画|13}} * [[異体字]] : <span style="font-size:250%">[[毀]]</span>（[[繁体字]]） ===意義=== #[[こわす]]。[[こわれる]]。 #[[やぶる]]。[[ほろぼす]]。 #[[そしる]]。'''[[根拠]]も無く'''[[けなす]]。[[中傷]]する。 [[Category:漢字|き]] [[Category:簡体字]] =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|hui3|常=1|hsk=丙}} {{trans_link|zh|{{PAGENAME}}}} * '''ローマ字表記''' ** '''[[普通話]]''' *** '''[[ピンイン]]''':huǐ（hui3） *** '''[[ウェード式]]''':hui³ ** '''[[広東語]]''' *** '''[[イェール式]]''':wai2 ---- ==コード等== {{codepoint}} *[[倉頡入力法]] : 竹一竹弓水 (HMHNE) 4ua7923vcnm72dudbqm6fr7jbayubtf 2278549 2278539 2026-06-02T11:39:32Z Kuroco2k 84207 [[Special:Contributions/~2026-32767-11|~2026-32767-11]] ([[User talk:~2026-32767-11|トーク]]) による版 [[Special:Diff/2278539|2278539]] を取り消し 2278549 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DEFAULTSORT:hui3}} ==漢字== <span lang="zh" xml:lang="ja" style="font-size:350%">{{PAGENAME}}</span> * {{部首|殳|9}} * {{総画|13}} * [[異体字]] : <span style="font-size:250%">[[毀]]</span>（[[繁体字]]） ===意義=== #[[こわす]]。[[こわれる]]。 #[[やぶる]]。[[ほろぼす]]。 #[[そしる]]。[[根拠]]も無く[[けなす]]。[[中傷]]する。 [[Category:漢字|き]] [[Category:簡体字]] =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|hui3|常=1|hsk=丙}} {{trans_link|zh|{{PAGENAME}}}} * '''ローマ字表記''' ** '''[[普通話]]''' *** '''[[ピンイン]]''':huǐ（hui3） *** '''[[ウェード式]]''':hui³ ** '''[[広東語]]''' *** '''[[イェール式]]''':wai2 ---- ==コード等== {{codepoint}} *[[倉頡入力法]] : 竹一竹弓水 (HMHNE) ohh3lqzzszejxlq12uhn1svoi3sb772 0 370013 2278303 2166209 2026-06-02T06:54:11Z 鍼灸 112313 2278303 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|しょかん|しょがん|じょがん}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana|h=y}} *【[[女官]]】：宮中に出仕する女性の官人。 *【[[女監]]】：女性を収監する監獄。 *【[[女鑑]]】：女性の鑑。 *【[[叙官]]】：官に叙任すること。 faatebbj4nhwbrd21t0go9fhmh856s0 0 382676 2278474 1946939 2026-06-02T10:50:12Z M-30722 1202 2278474 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|しめい}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana|h=y}} *【[[自明]]】明らかなこと。 *【[[耳鳴]]】耳鳴り。 *【[[辞命]]】言葉遣い。 euud33rxxubt3gzbhky6yxmkp0qf5b4 0 383534 2278502 2096336 2026-06-02T11:07:06Z M-30722 1202 2278502 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|かいとく}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana|h=y}} *【[[解読]]】読み解くこと。 *【[[回読]]】回し読みすること。 *【[[会読]]】集まって書物を読み研究すること。 *【[[貝毒]]】主に二枚貝がもつ有毒な物質。 *【[[買い得]]】他よりも割安でそれを買うことで得をすること。 f3zlioke44v2catr9umn9jb9wfz76vd 0 383901 2278469 1947482 2026-06-02T10:46:25Z Daxidawiki 126582 relatives 2278469 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|音譯|音译}} =={{ja}}== {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|おんやく}} {{Wikipedia}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun-suru|おんやく}} #ある[[言語]]の音を別の言語の文字体系で表すこと。 #日本語において[[外国語]]の[[音]]を[[漢字]]（[[音]]・[[訓]]）、[[かたかな]]、[[ひらがな]]で表すこと。 #視覚障害者などのために、文字や図表などの情報を音声化すること。 ===={{rel}}==== * [[翻字]] ===={{trans}}==== *{{en}}: {{t|en|transliterate}} ==={{verb}}=== {{日本語サ変活用}} ===={{trans}}==== *{{en}}: {{t|en|transliteration}} odk8qapdoeryag9ep4bfjb5kygczc32 2278477 2278469 2026-06-02T10:53:15Z M-30722 1202 名詞と動詞の訳が逆な気が 2278477 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|おんやく}} {{also|音譯|音译}} {{wikipedia}} =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanjitab|おん|やく|yomi=o}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun-suru|おんやく}} #ある[[言語]]の音を別の言語の文字体系で表すこと。 #日本語において[[外国語]]の[[音]]を[[漢字]]（[[音]]・[[訓]]）、[[かたかな]]、[[ひらがな]]で表すこと。 #視覚障害者などのために、文字や図表などの情報を音声化すること。 ===={{rel}}==== * [[翻字]] ===={{trans}}==== *{{T|en}}: {{t|en|transliteration}} ==={{verb}}=== {{日本語サ変活用}} ===={{trans}}==== *{{T|en}}: {{t|en|transliterate}} iascdkbzzwieu3ilnuhvhuigz7uzvgt 0 388848 2278239 1732377 2026-06-02T04:05:24Z NekoyamaWataru 87354 /* {{hu}} */ 語句の修正 2278239 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DEFAULTSORT:kad}} {{also|kad|káď|kʼad}} =={{hu}}== ==={{pron}}=== * {{hu-IPA}} * {{audio|hu|Hu-kád.ogg|音声}} ==={{etym}}=== {{bor|hu|sla|-}} < {{etyl|grc|hu}} {{m|grc|κάδος}} {{cog|sl|kad}} {{cog|sh|káda}} ==={{noun}}=== {{hu-noun|ak}} # 大[[桶]]。[[Category:{{hu}}_容器]] # [[浴槽]]、[[湯船]]、[[風呂]]。[[Category:{{hu}}_家具]] ===={{decl}}==== {{hu-infl-nom|káda|o}}{{hu-pos-atok|kád|j|jai}} ===={{drv}}==== * {{l|hu|kádas}} ===={{comp}}==== {{top4}} * {{l|hu|cserzőkád}} * {{l|hu|erjesztőkád}} * {{l|hu|fürdőkád}} * {{l|hu|szűrőkád}} * {{l|hu|taposókád}} {{bottom}} ==={{seealso}}=== * {{l|hu|kádár}} ===参考文献=== * {{R:ErtSz}} sn4q5qqw0c4b89r8hnwnovcwixt66pe 0 388853 2278249 1986568 2026-06-02T04:07:51Z NekoyamaWataru 87354 /* {{hu}} */ 語句の修正 2278249 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{hu}}== ==={{pron}}=== * {{hu-IPA}} * {{audio|hu|Hu-kehely.ogg|音声}} * {{hyph|hu|ke|hely}} ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|sla|hu}} あるいは {{etyl|de|hu}} {{m|de|Kelch}} のいずれかより ==={{noun}}=== {{hu-noun|pl=kelyhek}} # [[杯]]、[[聖杯]]。 #: {{syn|hu|serleg|bokály|kupa}} ===={{decl}}==== {{hu-infl-nom|kelyhe|e|stem2=kehely|spe_sg_stem=kelyh}}{{hu-pos-etek|kelyh||ei}} ===参考文献=== * {{R:ErtSz}} [[Category:{{hu}}_容器]] c8t68kqkn23l4m7bl6pgyrd3igj6vlr 0 388857 2278240 1986570 2026-06-02T04:05:29Z NekoyamaWataru 87354 /* {{hu}} */ 語句の修正 2278240 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{hu}}== ==={{pron}}=== * {{hu-IPA}} * {{hyph|hu|kof|fer}} ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|de|hu}} {{m|de|Koffer}} < {{etyl|dum|hu}} {{m|dum|coffer}} < {{etyl|grc|hu}} {{m|grc|κόφινος||かご}} ==={{noun}}=== {{hu-noun|ek|alt=kofferok}} # [[スーツケース]]、[[旅行鞄]]。 #: {{syn|hu|bőrönd|utazótáska}} ===={{decl}}==== {{hu-infl-nom|koffere|e|-}}{{hu-pos-etek|koffer||ei}} または {{hu-infl-nom|koffero|o|-}}{{hu-pos-otok|koffer|j|jai}} ===={{drv}}==== * {{l|hu|kofferes}} * {{l|hu|koffernyi}} ===参考文献=== * {{R:ErtSz}} [[Category:{{hu}}_容器]] 9v1nb2aupwbvy13n2ywkk99tmhe6733 0 388860 2278241 1732411 2026-06-02T04:05:31Z NekoyamaWataru 87354 /* {{hu}} */ 語句の修正 2278241 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{hu}}== ==={{pron}}=== * {{hu-IPA}} * {{hyph|hu|kor|só}} ==={{etym}}=== おそらく{{etyl|sk|hu}} {{m|sk|krčah}} より ==={{noun}}=== {{hu-noun|pl=korsók}} # [[水差し]]。 # [[ビアマグ]]、[[ビール]][[ジョッキ]]。 ===={{decl}}==== {{hu-infl-nom|korsó|o}}{{hu-pos-tok|korsó}} [[Category:{{hu}}_容器]] j3raxhhy6oc2kl2fqcgbf0q7d5k96ow 0 388933 2278242 1732584 2026-06-02T04:05:34Z NekoyamaWataru 87354 /* {{hu}} */ 語句の修正 2278242 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{hu}}== ==={{pron}}=== * {{hu-IPA}} * {{hyph|hu|lajt}} ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|bar|hu}} {{m|bar|lait||魚用の大桶}}より {{cog|de|leiten||引いて運ぶ}} ==={{noun}}=== {{hu-noun|ok}} # {{label|hu|dated}} [[タンク]]、[[水槽]]、[[油槽]]。 #: 車輌や台車に乗せる水、鮮魚、ワイン、果汁などを運ぶために使用する大きな容器 # {{label|hu|dated|限定的用法}} タンク1杯の量 ===={{decl}}==== {{hu-infl-nom|lajto|o}}{{hu-pos-otok|lajt|j|jai}} ===={{drv}}==== * {{l|hu|lajtos kocsi||散水車}} ===参考文献=== * {{R:ErtSz}} [[Category:{{hu}}_容器]] mnezsfhnnqp4ebgw3rkkyf0c2bc49rj 0 388965 2278243 1732673 2026-06-02T04:05:37Z NekoyamaWataru 87354 /* {{hu}} */ 語句の修正 2278243 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{hu}}== {{wikipedia|lang=hu}} ==={{pron}}=== * {{hu-IPA}} * {{audio|hu|Hu-lombik.ogg|音声}} * {{hyph|hu|lom|bik}} ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|ML.|hu}} {{m|ML.|alembicum}} < {{etyl|ar|hu}} {{m|ar|إنبيق|الإِنْبِيق|蒸留フラスコ}} もしくは {{m|ar|أَنبيق|الأَنْبِيق}} < {{etyl|grc|hu}} {{m|grc|ἄμβιξ||カップ}} ==={{noun}}=== {{hu-noun|ok}} # [[フラスコ]]。 ===={{decl}}==== {{hu-infl-nom|lombiko|o}}{{hu-pos-otok|lombik|j|jai}} ===={{comp}}==== * {{l|hu|lombikbébi}} ===参考文献=== * {{R:ErtSz}} [[Category:{{hu}}_容器]] omjdvasf7s865iicei8lw4ctf547hts 0 389413 2278244 1986580 2026-06-02T04:05:43Z NekoyamaWataru 87354 /* {{hu}} */ 語句の修正 2278244 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{hu}}== [[File:Türk_Kahvesi_-_Bakir_Cezve.jpg|thumb|ibrik és findzsa]] ==={{pron}}=== * {{hu-IPA}} * {{audio|hu|Hu-ibrik.ogg|音声}} * {{hyph|hu|ib|rik}} ==={{etym}}=== {{bor|hu|ota|ابریق|tr=ibrik, ıbrık||水差し}} < {{etyl|ar|hu}} {{m|ar|إِبْرِيق}} {{cog|tr|ibrik}} ==={{noun}}=== {{hu-noun|ek}} # [[ジェズヴェ]]、[[イブリック]]。 #: トルココーヒーやアラビックコーヒーを煮出すための長い取っ手の付いた小さな鍋 #: {{syn|hu|csupor|ivóedény|korsó}} ===={{decl}}==== {{hu-infl-nom|ibrike|e}}{{hu-pos-etek|ibrik||ei|j=y}} ===参考文献=== * {{R:ErtSz}} [[Category:{{hu}}_容器]] hsn9fbpgfeq3wf87jm932a6h3z257eb 0 389414 2278245 1733606 2026-06-02T04:05:47Z NekoyamaWataru 87354 /* {{hu}} */ 語句の修正 2278245 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{hu}}== ==={{pron}}=== * {{hu-IPA}} * {{hyph|hu|csu|to|ra}} ==={{etym}}=== 地域的な放浪語 < {{etyl|rup|hu}} {{m|rup|ciuturã}} ==={{noun}}=== {{hu-noun|pl=csutorák}} # {{label|hu|dialectal|archaic}} [[瓶]]、[[フラスコ]]、[[水筒]]。[[Category:{{hu}}_容器]] # {{label|hu|喫煙}} [[吸口]]。 #: パイプや煙管の口に当てる部分の部品 # {{label|hu|colloquial|humorous|喫煙}} [[パイプ]]、[[煙管]]。 ===={{decl}}==== {{hu-infl-nom|csutorá|o}}{{hu-pos-tok|csutorá}} ===参考文献=== * {{R:ErtSz}} * {{R:Nagyszotar}} 7txbnl7gyygep1s2fx316rnvv6vwlty 0 389415 2278246 1733610 2026-06-02T04:07:36Z NekoyamaWataru 87354 /* {{hu}} */ 語句の修正 2278246 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{hu}}== ==={{pron}}=== * {{hu-IPA}} * {{audio|hu|Hu-zseb.ogg|音声}} ==={{etym}}=== {{bor|hu|ota|جیب|tr=ceb, cep}} < {{etyl|ar|hu}} {{m|ar|جَيْب||ポケット}} ==={{noun}}=== {{hu-noun|ek}} # [[ポケット]]。 ===={{decl}}==== {{hu-infl-nom|zsebe|e}}{{hu-pos-etek|zseb||ei}} ===={{drv}}==== {{top3}} * {{l|hu|zsebel}} * {{l|hu|zsebes}} * {{l|hu|zsebű}} {{bottom}} ===={{comp}}==== {{top4}} * {{l|hu|farzseb}} * {{l|hu|zsebkendő}} * {{l|hu|zsebkés}} * {{l|hu|zseblámpa}} * {{l|hu|zsebmetsző}} * {{l|hu|zsebóra}} * {{l|hu|zsebpénz}} * {{l|hu|zsebszótár}} * {{l|hu|zsebtolvaj}} {{bottom}} ===={{idiom}}==== * {{l|hu|zsebre vág}} ===参考文献=== * {{R:ErtSz}} [[Category:{{hu}}_容器]][[Category:{{hu}}_衣類]] 57ghyz0e0ppvbvhmv7vay6c7w446dug 0 389450 2278247 1733716 2026-06-02T04:07:39Z NekoyamaWataru 87354 /* {{hu}} */ 語句の修正 2278247 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DEFAULTSORT:zsak}} =={{hu}}== ==={{pron}}=== * {{hu-IPA}} * {{audio|hu|Hu-zsák.ogg|音声}} * {{hyph|hu|zsák}} ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|gmh|hu}} {{m|gmh|sac}} < {{etyl|la|hu}} {{m|la|saccus||袋}} < {{etyl|grc|hu}} {{m|grc|σάκκος||荒布}} < {{etyl|sem|hu}} ==={{noun}}=== {{hu-noun|ok}} # [[鞄]](小型のもの)、[[袋]](大型のもの)。 ===={{decl}}==== {{hu-infl-nom|zsáko|o}}{{hu-pos-otok|zsák|j|jai}} ===={{drv}}==== {{top4}} * {{l|hu|zsákmány}} * {{l|hu|zsáknyi}} * {{l|hu|zsákocska}} * {{l|hu|zsákos}} {{bottom}} ===={{comp}}==== {{top4}} * {{l|hu|babzsák}} * {{l|hu|bokszzsák}} * {{l|hu|hálózsák}} * {{l|hu|hátizsák}} * {{l|hu|homokzsák}} * {{l|hu|légzsák}} * {{l|hu|méregzsák}} * {{l|hu|zsákbamacska}} * {{l|hu|zsákfalu}} * {{l|hu|zsákutca}} {{bottom}} ===参考文献=== * {{R:ErtSz}} [[Category:{{hu}}_容器]] 49bxh66r2lb5aiwquiigjqcg3ihaxyj 0 390929 2278248 1738631 2026-06-02T04:07:42Z NekoyamaWataru 87354 /* {{hu}} */ 語句の修正 2278248 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{hu}}== ==={{pron}}=== * {{hu-IPA}} * {{hyph|hu|uzson|na}} ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|sla|hu}}より {{cog|sh|užina}} {{cog|ru|ужин}} ==={{noun}}=== {{hu-noun|pl=uzsonnák}} # [[軽食]]、[[間食]]、[[おやつ]]。 # (午後に行われる)[[お茶会]]、[[ティーパーティー]]。 ===={{decl}}==== {{hu-infl-nom|uzsonná|o}}{{hu-pos-tok|uzsonná}} ===={{drv}}==== * {{l|hu|uzsi}} * {{l|hu|uzsonnázik}} ===参考文献=== * {{R:ErtSz}} [[Category:{{hu}}_食事]] l9h3oeem1jlgqly8mdn82xk79el2362 0 390992 2278250 2191271 2026-06-02T04:13:06Z NekoyamaWataru 87354 /* {{hu}} */ 語句の修正 2278250 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DEFAULTSORT:gyumolcs}} =={{hu}}== ==={{pron}}=== * {{hu-IPA}} * {{audio|hu|Hu-gyümölcs.ogg|音声}} * {{hyph|hu|gyü|mölcs}} ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|ohu|hu}} {{m|ohu||gyimilcs}}より < {{bor|hu|trk-ogr|-|notext=y}}よりの借用語 < {{etyl|trk-pro|hu}} {{m|trk-pro|*yẹ̄miĺč||果物}} {{cog|ba|емеш}} {{cog|cv|ҫимӗҫ}} ==={{noun}}=== {{hu-noun|ök}} # {{label|hu|botany}} [[果実]]、[[実]]、[[果物]]、[[フルーツ]]。[[Category:{{hu}}_果実|*]] # {{label|hu|figuratively}} [[成果]]、[[結果]]、[[効果]]、[[産物]]、[[結実]]。 ===={{decl}}==== {{hu-infl-nom|gyümölcsö|ö}}{{hu-pos-ötök|gyümölcs||ei}} ===={{drv}}==== {{top4}} * {{l|hu|gyümölcsös}} * {{l|hu|gyümölcsözik}} * {{l|hu|gyümölcstelen}} * {{l|hu|gyümölcsű}} {{bottom}} ===={{comp}}==== (この項目で始まるもの): {{top4}} * {{l|hu|gyümölcsbor}} * {{l|hu|gyümölcscukor}} * {{l|hu|gyümölcsevő}} * {{l|hu|gyümölcsfa}} * {{l|hu|gyümölcsfagylalt}} * {{l|hu|gyümölcsfajta}} * {{l|hu|gyümölcshús}} * {{l|hu|gyümölcsíz}} * {{l|hu|gyümölcsízű}} * {{l|hu|gyümölcskereskedés}} * {{l|hu|gyümölcskereskedő}} * {{l|hu|gyümölcskonzerv}} * {{l|hu|gyümölcskosár}} * {{l|hu|gyümölcskúra}} * {{l|hu|gyümölcslé}} * {{l|hu|gyümölcsszirup}} * {{l|hu|gyümölcstermés}} * {{l|hu|gyümölcsültetvény}} {{bottom}} (この項目で終わるもの): * {{l|hu|csillaggyümölcs}} * {{l|hu|déligyümölcs}} ===={{idiom}}==== * {{l|hu|a tiltott gyümölcs mindig édesebb}} ===参考文献=== * {{R:ErtSz}} bd7jluzq8r9bphftvbmienacl3db3eg 0 391519 2278251 1740258 2026-06-02T04:18:23Z NekoyamaWataru 87354 /* {{hu}} */ 語句の修正 2278251 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{hu}}== ==={{pron}}=== * {{hu-IPA}} * {{hyph|hu|mo|gyo|ró}} ==={{etym}}=== 廃語 {{m|hu|mony||卵}}からの派生語 < {{etyl|ufj-pro|hu}} {{m|urj-pro|*muna||卵、睾丸}} あるいは{{etyl|trk-pro|hu}} {{m|trk-pro|*bōń-}} より {{cog|cv|мӑйӑр||ハシバミ、ヘーゼルナッツ}} {{cog|sah|моонньоҕон||クロスグリ、カシス}} ==={{noun}}=== {{hu-noun|k}} # [[榛]]、[[セイヨウハシバミ]]、[[ヘーゼルナッツ]]。(学名: ''Corylus avellana'') #: {{syn|hu|európai mogyoró|közönséges mogyoró|csöves mogyoró}} # [[落花生]]、[[ピーナッツ]]。(学名: ''Arachis hypogaea'') #: {{l|hu|földimogyoró|amerikaimogyoró}} ===={{decl}}==== {{hu-infl-nom|mogyoró|o}}{{hu-pos-tok|mogyoró}} ===={{drv}}==== * {{l|hu|mogyi}} ===={{comp}}==== {{top4}} * {{l|hu|amerikaimogyoró}} * {{l|hu|földimogyoró}} * {{l|hu|mogyoróhagyma}} * {{l|hu|mogyoróvaj}} {{bottom}} ===={{idiom}}==== {{top3}} * {{l|hu|csöves mogyoró}} * {{l|hu|európai mogyoró}} * {{l|hu|közönséges mogyoró}} {{bottom}} ===参考文献=== * {{R:ErtSz}} [[Category:{{hu}}_植物学]] tl0bmgkhl3ohdpp3610xnkrck54zjco 2278252 2278251 2026-06-02T04:18:58Z NekoyamaWataru 87354 /* {{hu}} */ 語句の修正 2278252 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{hu}}== ==={{pron}}=== * {{hu-IPA}} * {{hyph|hu|mo|gyo|ró}} ==={{etym}}=== 廃語 {{m|hu|mony||卵}}からの派生語 < {{etyl|urj-pro|hu}} {{m|urj-pro|*muna||卵、睾丸}} あるいは{{etyl|trk-pro|hu}} {{m|trk-pro|*bōń-}} より {{cog|cv|мӑйӑр||ハシバミ、ヘーゼルナッツ}} {{cog|sah|моонньоҕон||クロスグリ、カシス}} ==={{noun}}=== {{hu-noun|k}} # [[榛]]、[[セイヨウハシバミ]]、[[ヘーゼルナッツ]]。(学名: ''Corylus avellana'') #: {{syn|hu|európai mogyoró|közönséges mogyoró|csöves mogyoró}} # [[落花生]]、[[ピーナッツ]]。(学名: ''Arachis hypogaea'') #: {{l|hu|földimogyoró|amerikaimogyoró}} ===={{decl}}==== {{hu-infl-nom|mogyoró|o}}{{hu-pos-tok|mogyoró}} ===={{drv}}==== * {{l|hu|mogyi}} ===={{comp}}==== {{top4}} * {{l|hu|amerikaimogyoró}} * {{l|hu|földimogyoró}} * {{l|hu|mogyoróhagyma}} * {{l|hu|mogyoróvaj}} {{bottom}} ===={{idiom}}==== {{top3}} * {{l|hu|csöves mogyoró}} * {{l|hu|európai mogyoró}} * {{l|hu|közönséges mogyoró}} {{bottom}} ===参考文献=== * {{R:ErtSz}} [[Category:{{hu}}_植物学]] m2br3kayvwi16ad9brk1w0nj8wawe8o 0 392394 2278255 1950769 2026-06-02T06:06:54Z Daxidawiki 126582 Fix template 2278255 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|ja}}== {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|そっか}} ===発音=== {{ja-pron|あしもと|acc=3}} {{ja-pron|そくか|acc=1}} {{ja-pron|そっか|acc=1}} ==={{noun}}=== [[category:{{ja}} {{noun}}]] {{jachars}} #（ソッカ、ソクカ、ソクゲ、[[あしもと]]、[[あもと]]、[[あしした]]）足で立っているあたり。足の下。 #（ソッカ）相手のあしもと、相手のそば。[[手紙]]の[[脇付]]にも用いる。 #（[[あしもと]]、[[あしした]]）足の運び。[[あしつき]]、[[あしどり]]。 #（[[あしもと]]、[[あもと]]）{{context|dated|lang=ja}}[[いえがら|家柄]]、[[経歴]]、[[みもと|身元]]。 ===={{alter}}==== 語義3 *[[足元]] *[[足許]] ==={{pronoun}}=== {{ja-pronoun|[[そくか]]|[[そっか]]}} #[[貴公]]。 [[Category:日本語　代名詞]] ---- =={{L|zh}}== [[category:{{zh}}|zu2xia4]] ==={{pronoun}}=== [[category:{{zh}} {{pronoun}}|zu2xia4]] {{zhchars}} ({{unicode|zúxià}}) #(文章語・書簡語)同輩・友人に対する対称の敬称。 4kwrm7znyk4ljihpug4qqrgnu39typ5 0 394700 2278490 1790809 2026-06-02T11:01:13Z Kuroco2k 84207 2278490 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|Politik}} =={{sq}}== ==={{adj}}=== {{sq-adj|mp=politikë|fp=politike}} #{{context|politics|lang=sq}}[[政治]]の。 ===={{rel}}==== *{{l|sq|politika}} ---- =={{id}}== {{wikipedia|lang=id}} ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|en|id}} {{m|en|politics}} ==={{pron}}=== *{{IPA|lang=id|[pɔlˈli.tɪk̚]}} *{{hyphenation|lang=id|po|li|tik}} ==={{noun}}=== {{id-noun|head=}} #{{context|politics|lang=id}}[[政治]]。 #{{context|politics|lang=id}}[[政策]]。 ===={{drv}}==== {{top}} *[[agenda politik]] *[[akrobat politik]] *[[arus politik]] *[[asimilasi politik]] *[[berpolitik kancil]] *[[budaya politik]] *[[bukti politik]] *[[buta politik]] *[[citra politik]] *[[dampak politik]] *[[demokrasi politik]] *[[desentralisasi politik]] *[[gelanggang politik]] *[[generasi politik]] *[[haluan politik]] *[[hukum politik]] *[[ideologi politik]] *[[iklim politik]] *[[ilmu politik]] *[[kebebasan aksi politik]] *[[kebijakan politik]] *[[kekuasaan politik]] *[[kelas politik]] *[[kesadaran politik]] *[[manuver politik]] *[[opini politik]] *[[organisasi politik]] *[[partai politik]] *[[pembangunan politik]] *[[pengungsi politik]] *[[peta politik]] *[[politik air hangat]] *[[politik bahasa nasional]] *[[politik buka keran]] *[[politik burung unta]] *[[politik dagang]] *[[politik dagang sapi]] *[[politik fiskal]] *[[politik imperialisme]] *[[politik kampung]] *[[politik moneter]] *[[politik nasional]] *[[politik pemisahan]] *[[politik pintu terbuka]] *[[pranata politik]] *[[reformasi politik]] *[[sindikat politik]] *[[sosiologi politik]] *[[suaka politik]] *[[subjek politik]] *[[tahanan politik]] *[[tujuan politik]] {{bottom}} ---- =={{sv}}== {{wikipedia|lang=sv}} ==={{etym}}=== ==={{pron}}=== *{{IPA|lang=sv|pʊlɪˈtiːk}} *{{音声|sv|Sv-politik.ogg|音声}} *{{rhymes|lang=sv|iːk|s=3}} ==={{noun}}=== {{sv-noun|c}} #{{context|politics|lang=sv}}[[政治]]。 #{{context|politics|lang=sv}}[[政策]]。 ===={{decl}}==== {{sv-infl-noun-c-er}} ===={{rel}}==== *{{l|sv|politiker}} *{{l|sv|politisk}} ---- =={{sk}}== {{wikipedia|lang=sk}} ==={{etym}}=== {{m|sk|politika}} ==={{pron}}=== *{{IPA|lang=sk|/ˈpɔlitik/}} *{{rhymes|lang=sk|ik|s=3}} ==={{noun}}=== {{sk-noun|m-an}} #{{context|politics|lang=sk}}[[政治家]]。 ===={{decl}}==== {{sk-decl-noun|politik|politika|politikovi|politika|politikovi|politikom|politici|politikov|politikom|politikov|politikoch|politikmi}} ===={{rel}}==== *{{l|sk|politička}} ---- =={{sl}}== {{wikipedia|lang=sl}} {{wikipedia|lang=sl|Politik (razločitev)}} ==={{noun}}=== {{sl-noun|m-an}} #{{context|politics|lang=sl}}[[政治]]。 ---- =={{da}}== {{wikipedia|lang=da}} ==={{etym}}=== {{bor|da|de|Politik}} ==={{pron}}=== *{{IPA|lang=da|[pʰoliˈtˢiɡ̊]}} ==={{noun}}=== {{head|da|noun|g=c}} #{{context|politics|lang=da}}[[政治]]。 ==={{noun}}=== {{head|da|noun|g=c}} #{{context|politics|lang=da}}[[政策]]。 ===={{rel}}==== *{{l|da|politisk}} *{{l|da|politiker}} ---- =={{cs}}== {{wikipedia|lang=cs}} ==={{pron}}=== *{{cs-IPA}} ==={{noun}}=== {{cs-noun|m-an|f=politička}} #{{context|politics|lang=cs}}[[政治家]]。 ===={{decl}}==== {{cs-ndecl|<m.an>}} ===={{rel}}==== *{{l|cs|polis}} ---- =={{tr}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{bor|tr|fr|politique}} ==={{pron}}=== *{{IPA|lang=tr|ˈpo.li.tic}} ==={{adj}}=== {{tr-adj}} #{{context|politics|lang=tr}}[[政治]]の。 ===={{syn}}==== *{{l|tr|siyaset}} *{{l|tr|siyasi}} ---- =={{ht}}== {{wikipedia|lang=ht}} ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|fr|ht}} {{l|fr|politique}} ==={{noun}}=== {{head|ht|noun}} #{{context|politics|lang=ht}}[[政治]]。 ==={{adj}}=== {{head|ht|adj}} #{{context|politics|lang=ht}}政治の。 ---- =={{eu}}== ==={{pron}}=== *{{eu-IPA}} ==={{adj}}=== {{head|eu|adjective form}} #{{l|eu|polit}}の不定数分格。 ---- =={{ms}}== {{wikipedia|lang=ms}} ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|en|ms}} {{m|en|politics}} ==={{pron}}=== *{{IPA|lang=ms|[pɔˈli.tɪ]}} *{{音声|ms|Ms-MY-politik.ogg|音声}} *{{hyphenation|lang=ms|po|li|ti}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ms-noun|pl=-|j=ڤوليتيک}} #{{context|politics|lang=ms}}[[政治]]。 ===={{drv}}==== *[[ahli politik]] *[[parti politik]] l0xl81lp3qh9t133y3jntibvd3gc9zm 0 396418 2278544 1767535 2026-06-02T11:36:23Z Kuroco2k 84207 2278544 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|Monarchie|monarchię}} =={{it}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{head|it|noun form}} #[[monarchia]]の複数形。 ===={{anag}}==== * [[armoniche]] * [[romaniche]] ---- =={{nl}}== {{wikipedia|lang=nl}} ==={{pron}}=== * {{IPA|ˌmoː.nɑrˈxi}} * {{音声|nl|Nl-monarchie.ogg|音声}} ==={{noun}}=== {{nl-noun|monarchieën|monarchietje|monarchietjes}} #[[君主制]]。 ---- =={{cs}}== {{wikipedia|lang=cs}} ==={{pron}}=== * {{cs-IPA}} ==={{noun}}=== {{cs-noun|f}} #[[君主制]]。 {{cs-ndecl|<f>}} ---- =={{fr}}== {{wikipedia|lang=fr}} ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|la|fr}} ''[[monarchia]]、''{{etyl|grc|fr}} ''[[μοναρχία]]'' ==={{pron}}=== * {{fr-IPA}} * {{音声|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-Fhala.K-monarchie.wav|音声}} * {{音声|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-GrandCelinien-monarchie.wav|音声 (パリ)}} * {{音声|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-DSwissK-monarchie.wav|音声 (バレー)}} * {{音声|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-Poslovitch-monarchie.wav|音声 (ボージュ)}} * {{音声|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-Eihel-monarchie.wav|音声 (ローザンヌ)}} ==={{noun}}=== {{fr-noun|f}} #{{context|politics|lang=fr}}[[君主制]]。 ===={{drv}}==== * [[micromonarchie]] * [[monarchie constitutionnelle]] * [[monarchie de droit divin]] * [[monarchie républicaine]] * [[pétromonarchie]] ===={{rel}}==== * [[oligarchie]] * [[polyarchie]] ===={{anag}}==== * [[Morachien]] * [[morachien]] * [[nomarchie]] ---- =={{pl}}== ==={{pron}}=== * {{pl-IPA}} ==={{noun}}=== {{head|pl|noun form}} #[[monarchia]]の主格・対格・呼格の複数形。 4131flmgpn454fsbbtxu6883dmrzb9i 0 398414 2278543 1756353 2026-06-02T11:36:23Z Kuroco2k 84207 2278543 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|cs}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|de|cs}} {{m|de|Pyramide}} ==={{pron}}=== * {{cs-IPA}} ==={{noun}}=== {{cs-noun|f}} #{{context|historical|lang=cs}}[[ピラミッド]]。 ===={{decl}}==== {{cs-ndecl|<f>}} ===={{rel}}==== * {{l|cs|pyramidový}} ---- =={{L|la}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{la-noun-form|pȳramida}} #[[pyramis|pȳramis]]の単数対格。 njy0gt23gwoj1ula8665bcsjwb9952n 0 400281 2278234 1761511 2026-06-01T22:54:51Z うーむ 129171 /* 日本語 */ 2278234 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DEFAULTSORT:ひいとほんふ ひいとぽんぷ}} =={{ja}}== {{wikipedia}} ==={{etym}}=== {{bor|ja|en|heat pump}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun}} #{{タグ|ja|熱力学|機械}}[[仕事]]を受け取って、[[温度]]が[[ひくい|低い]][[熱源]]から温度が[[たかい|高い]]熱源へ[[熱]]を移す[[装置]]で、特に温度が高い熱源への熱の[[供給]]を[[目的]]とするもの。寒い[[屋外]]の空気からそれよりも温かい[[屋内]]へ熱を移し、さらに屋内を暖める[[暖房]]の[[エアコン]]など。 #*2014年、中島秀介ほか「微粒子表面における氷の不均一核生成の制御」<ref>中島 秀介, 大谷 吉生, 微粒子表面における氷の不均一核生成の制御, ホソカワ粉体工学振興財団年報, 2014, 22 巻, p. 111-114, 公開日 2017/07/05, Online ISSN 2189-4663, https://doi.org/10.14356/hptf.13506 [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.1/jp/ CC BY 2.1JP]で公開</ref> #*:エアコン用'''ヒートポンプ'''では，暖房運転時に，冷却された熱交換器の金属表面に水蒸気が凝縮・凍結し，霜が生じ，流路の閉塞や熱抵抗の増大につながる． #*2021年、閣議決定「パリ協定に基づく成長戦略としての長期戦略」<ref>「パリ協定に基づく成長戦略としての長期戦略（令和３年10月22日閣議決定）」（環境省ホームページ） https://www.env.go.jp/content/900440767.pdf 政府標準利用規約（第2.0版）公開 2023年1月27日参照。</ref> #*:産業部門の熱需要は低温帯から高温帯まで多岐にわたる。蒸気・温水などによる低温帯の熱需要に対しては、'''ヒートポンプ'''や電熱線といった電化技術による脱炭素化が考えられるが、設備費用や電気代への対応といったコスト面の課題がある。 ===={{rel}}==== *[[冷凍機]]、[[熱機関]]、[[成績係数]]、[[動作係数]]、[[COP]] ==註== <references/> ciq6dmlm33obqwqe7qsalamnpmvxf79 0 400537 2278488 1762118 2026-06-02T11:01:13Z Kuroco2k 84207 2278488 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|Krematorium|krematórium}} =={{L|id}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{bor+|id|nl|crematorium}} < {{etyl|NL.|id}} {{m|la|crematorium}} ==={{pron}}=== * {{IPA|lang=id|[krɛmatoˈriʊm]}} * {{hyphenation|krè|ma|to|ri|um}} * {{rhymes|ʊm|m|s=5}} ==={{noun}}=== {{id-noun|head=krèmatorium|pl=duplication}} #[[火葬場]]。 ===={{alter}}==== * {{l|id|krematori}} ===={{rel}}==== * {{l|id|kremasi}} ---- =={{L|sv}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{head|sv|noun|g=n|限定単数|krematoriet|非限定複数|krematorier|限定複数|krematorierna}} #[[火葬場]]。 {{sv-infl-noun-n-r|krematorium|krematorie}} ---- =={{L|cs}}== ==={{pron}}=== * {{cs-IPA}} * {{hyphenation|kre|ma|to|rium}} ==={{noun}}=== {{cs-noun|n}} #[[火葬場]]。 {{cs-ndecl|<n.foreign>}} ===={{rel}}==== * {{l|cs|kremace}} ---- =={{L|da}}== ==={{alter}}=== * {{l|da|krematorie}} ==={{noun}}=== {{head|da|noun|g=n|限定単数|krematoriet|非限定複数|krematorier|限定複数|krematorierne}} #[[火葬場]]。 ---- =={{L|nn}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{head|nn|noun|g=n|限定単数|krematoriet|非限定複数|krematorium|限定複数|krematoria}} #[[火葬場]]。 ---- =={{L|nb}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{head|nb|noun|g=n|限定単数|krematoriet|非限定複数|krematorier|限定複数|[[krematoria]] / [[krematoriene]]}} #[[火葬場]]。 ---- =={{L|pl}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|la|pl}} {{m|la|cremātus}} ==={{pron}}=== {{pl-IPA}} ==={{noun}}=== {{pl-noun|n}} #[[火葬場]]。 {{pl-decl-noun-n}} ===={{drv}}==== * (形容詞) {{l|pl|krematoryjny}} ===={{rel}}==== * (形容詞) {{l|pl|kremacyjny}} * (名詞) {{l|pl|kremacja}} * (動詞) {{l|pl|kremować}}, {{l|pl|skremować}} 1g73f30x05p3yhhznlkrc8c7bqrk1mi 0 401008 2278489 1763105 2026-06-02T11:01:13Z Kuroco2k 84207 2278489 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|en}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{suffix+|human|oid}} ==={{pron}}=== * {{IPA|lang=en|ˈhjuːmənɔɪd}} * {{音声|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-humanoid.wav|音声(英)}} ==={{adjective}}=== {{en-adj}} #[[人間]]の{{ふりがな|形|かたち}}をした、{{ふりがな|人型|ひとがた}}の。 ==={{noun}}=== {{en-noun}} #人型のもの、[[ヒューマノイド]]。 ===={{syn}}==== * {{l|en|humaniform}} ==={{rel}}=== * {{l|en|android}} * {{l|en|anthropoid}} ---- =={{L|cs}}== ==={{pron}}=== * {{cs-IPA}} * {{hyphenation|hu|ma|noid}} ==={{noun}}=== {{cs-noun|m-an}} #{{ふりがな|人型|ひとがた}}のもの、[[ヒューマノイド]]。 {{cs-ndecl|<m.an.nomplové:i>}} ---- =={{L|pl}}== ==={{pron}}=== {{pl-IPA}} ==={{noun}}=== {{pl-noun|m-an}} #{{ふりがな|人型|ひとがた}}のもの、[[ヒューマノイド]]。 {{pl-decl-noun-m-an}} ===={{drv}}==== * {{l|pl|humanoidalny}} ===={{rel}}==== * (形容詞) {{l|pl|antyhumanistyczny}}, {{l|pl|antyhumanitarny}}, {{l|pl|humanistyczny}}, {{l|pl|humanitarny}}, {{l|pl|humanizacyjny}} * (副詞) {{l|pl|humanistycznie}}, {{l|pl|humanitarnie}} * (名詞) {{l|pl|antyhumanizm}}, {{l|pl|humaniora}}, {{l|pl|humanista}}, {{l|pl|humanistka}}, {{l|pl|humanistyka}}, {{l|pl|humanitarność}}, {{l|pl|humanitarysta}}, {{l|pl|humanitaryzacja}}, {{l|pl|humanitaryzm}}, {{l|pl|humanizacja}}, {{l|pl|humanizator}}, {{l|pl|humanizm}} * (動詞) {{l|pl|humanizować}}, {{l|pl|odhumanizować}}, {{l|pl|odhumanizowywać}}, {{l|pl|zhumanizować}} gvhuu6r73upqoz8fkzw13lenk3i2cbk 10 401011 2278494 1763108 2026-06-02T11:02:39Z Kuroco2k 84207 おぼえがき 2278494 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:cs-noun|show}} <noinclude>英語版と仕様が若干異なります。英語版から輸入する際、第一引数を"<"と">"で囲ってください。[[カテゴリ:{{cs}}_テンプレート]]</noinclude> ji07whujm70red84auc3dvb5wbqx95z 828 401015 2278536 2193335 2026-06-02T11:32:26Z Kuroco2k 84207 2278536 Scribunto text/plain local export = {} --[=[ Authorship: Ben Wing <benwing2> ]=] --[=[ TERMINOLOGY: -- "slot" = A particular combination of case/number. Example slot names for nouns are "gen_s" (genitive singular) and "voc_p" (vocative plural). Each slot is filled with zero or more forms. -- "form" = The declined Czech form representing the value of a given slot. -- "lemma" = The dictionary form of a given Czech term. Generally the nominative masculine singular, but may occasionally be another form if the nominative masculine singular is missing. ]=] --[=[ FIXME: 1. Finish synthesize_singular_lemma(). [DONE] 2. Implement feminines in -ea, -oa/-ua, -ia, -oe. [DONE] 3. Implement "mixed" masculine nouns in -l, -n, -t (each different, also inanimate vs. animate). [DONE] 4. Allow 'stem:' override after vowel-final words like [[centurio]]. [DONE using decllemma:] 5. Support masculine foreign nouns in -us/-os/-es. [DONE] 6. Support masculine foreign nouns in -ius/-etc. [DONE] 7. Support masculine foreign nouns in unpronounced final -e (e.g. [[software]]). [DONE] 8. Support neuter foreign nouns in -um/-on. [DONE] 9. Support neuter foreign nouns in -ium/-ion. [DONE] 10. Support paired body parts, e.g. [[ruka]], [[noha]], [[oko]], [[ucho]], [[koleno]], [[rameno]]. [WON'T DO; JUST SEPARATE THE MEANINGS AND GIVE THEM DIFFERENT DECLENSIONS] 11. Support masculine nouns in -e/ě that are neuter in the plural. [DONE] 12. Correctly handle -e vs. -ě, e.g. soft neuters have both [[kutě]] and [[poledne]]. [DONE] 13. Always use specified lemma in nom_pl and maybe acc_pl when plurale tantum. [DONE] 14. Support feminine nouns in -ca/-ča/-ša/-ža. [DONE] 15. Support feminine nouns in -ja/-ňa. [DONE] 16. Support mixed i-stem feminine nouns. [DONE] 17. Support "c as k" feminine nouns like [[ayahuasca]]. 18. Support 'declgender'. [DONE] 19. Support pronouns with clitics. [DONE] 20. Singular-only and plural-only terms should not have number in accelerator form. [DONE] 21. Support [[úterý]] (like neuters in -í). [DONE] 22. Support feminines in -i ([[máti]], [[pramáti]]). [DONE] 23. Support foreign nouns in -ie ([[zombie]], [[hippie]], [[yuppie]]). [DONE] 24. Support foreign nouns in -í ([[muftí]], [[qádí]]). [DONE] 25. Support manual declensions. [DONE] 26. Support numerals. [DONE] 27. Allow for reducible spec in pluralia tantum and dereduce accordingly; also automatically assign reducibility if singular stem ends in -Ck or -Cc. [DONE] 28. Use `pos` value in all categories. 29. Support determiners [[kolik]], [[tolik]], [[několik]], [[mnoho]]. [DONE] 30. Support a '.velar' indicator for foreign names whose pronunciation but not spelling ends in a velar: [[Remarque]], [[Braque]], [[Mike]], [[Drake]], [[Jake]] with vocative 'Remarquu', 'Braquu', 'Mikeu', 'Drakeu', 'Jakeu'. In general we need more thought around such foreign names; essentially, for names in a silent e, sometimes the -e is dropped in all oblique forms (e.g. [[Shakespeare]], [[Pierre]], [[Barrande]], [[La Fontaine]], [[Braque]], [[Remarque]] with gen sg 'Shakespeara', 'Pierra', Barranda', 'La Fontaina', 'Braqua', 'Remarqua') and sometimes it's kept in all oblique forms except those ending in an -e, where -ee is avoided (e.g. [[Pete]], [[Gable]], [[Jake]], [[White]], [[Byrne]], [[Mike]], [[Drake]] with gen sg 'Petea', 'Gablea' etc. and voc sg 'Pete', 'Gable' but 'Jakeu', 'Mikeu'). Sometimes there are doublets, e.g. [[Hubble]] and [[Hume]] have gen sg 'Hubbla/Hubblea' (where the second form is used among astronomers in a technical sense and the first form may be more popular) and 'Huma/Humea'. We already have a '.foreign' indicator that when applied to a noun ending in -e drops the -e in oblique forms e.g. for [[software]]. We may need to combine this with an explicit indicator of hard, soft or velar as there will be names with silent -e and preceding soft consonant e.g. [[Bruce]], [[Coleridge]]. Note that when the -e is kept it is still dropped before front vowels, hence dat sg 'Bruci'/Bruceovi'. Need some investigation in IJP and cswikt. ]=] local lang = require("モジュール:languages").getByCode("cs") local m_table = require("モジュール:table") local m_links = require("モジュール:links") local m_string_utilities = require("モジュール:string utilities") local iut = require("モジュール:inflection utilities") local put = require("モジュール:parse utilities") local m_para = require("モジュール:parameters") local com = require("モジュール:cs-common") local current_title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle() local NAMESPACE = current_title.nsText local PAGENAME = current_title.text local u = mw.ustring.char local rsplit = mw.text.split local rfind = mw.ustring.find local rmatch = mw.ustring.match local rgmatch = mw.ustring.gmatch local rsubn = mw.ustring.gsub local ulen = mw.ustring.len local usub = mw.ustring.sub local uupper = mw.ustring.upper local ulower = mw.ustring.lower local force_cat = false -- set to true to make categories appear in non-mainspace pages, for testing -- version of rsubn() that discards all but the first return value local function rsub(term, foo, bar) local retval = rsubn(term, foo, bar) return retval end -- version of rsubn() that returns a 2nd argument boolean indicating whether -- a substitution was made. local function rsubb(term, foo, bar) local retval, nsubs = rsubn(term, foo, bar) return retval, nsubs > 0 end local function track(track_id) require("モジュール:debug/track")("cs-noun/" .. track_id) return true end local output_noun_slots = { nom_s = "nom|s", nom_s_linked = "nom|s", gen_s = "gen|s", gen_s_linked = "gen|s", clitic_gen_s = "clitic|gen|s", dat_s = "dat|s", clitic_dat_s = "clitic|dat|s", acc_s = "acc|s", clitic_acc_s = "clitic|acc|s", voc_s = "voc|s", loc_s = "loc|s", ins_s = "ins|s", nom_p = "nom|p", nom_p_linked = "nom|p", gen_p = "gen|p", dat_p = "dat|p", acc_p = "acc|p", voc_p = "voc|p", loc_p = "loc|p", ins_p = "ins|p", } local function get_output_noun_slots(alternant_multiword_spec) -- FIXME: To save memory we modify the table in-place. This won't work if we ever end up with multiple calls to -- this module in the same Lua invocation, and we would need to clone the table. if alternant_multiword_spec.number ~= "both" then for slot, accel_form in pairs(output_noun_slots) do output_noun_slots[slot] = accel_form:gsub("|[sp]$", "") end end return output_noun_slots end local potential_lemma_slots = {"nom_s", "nom_p", "gen_s"} local cases = { nom = true, gen = true, dat = true, acc = true, voc = true, loc = true, ins = true, } local clitic_cases = { gen = true, dat = true, acc = true, } local function dereduce(stem) local dereduced_stem = com.dereduce(stem) if not dereduced_stem then error("Unable to dereduce stem '" .. stem .. "'") end return dereduced_stem end --[=[ Maybe modify the stem and/or ending in certain special cases: 1. Final -e in vocative singular triggers first palatalization of the stem in some cases (e.g. hard masc). 2. Endings beginning with ě, i, í trigger second palatalization, as does -e in the loc_s. NOTE: Correctly handling -e vs. -ě and -tdn/-ťďň alternations is tricky. We have to deal with the following: 1. Soft-stem and t-stem neuters can have either -e or -ě. With coronals we have both [[poledne]] "noon" with /n/ and [[kutě]] "bed" with /ť/. We also have soft-stem neuter [[Labe]] with /b/ vs. t-stem neuter [[hříbě]] with /bj/. 2. Underlying palatal coronals maintain their nature before back vowels and when not followed by a vowel, e.g. [[štěně]] "puppy" becomes 'štěňata' in the nom/acc/voc plural and [[přítelkyně]] "girlfriend" becomes 'přítelkyň' in the gen plural, but underlying palatal labials become non-palatal, e.g. [[hříbě]] "foal" becomes 'hříbata' in the nom/acc/voc plural. 3. There are at least four types of endings beginning with '-e': a. "maintaining" endings, e.g. instrumental singular '-em', which do not change the nature of the consonant, e.g. [[zákon]] "law" becomes 'zákonem' while [[vězeň]] "prisoner" becomes 'vězeněm'; b. "palatalizing" endings, e.g. locative singular '-e', which palatalizes t/d/n (and more generally applies the Slavic second palatalization, e.g. k -> c, r -> ř), e.g. [[žena]] "woman" becomes 'ženě'; c. "depalatalizing" endings, e.g. feminine i-stem dative plural '-em', which actively depalatalize ť/ď/ň, e.g. [[oběť]] "sacrifice, victim" becomes 'obětem'; d. vocative singular '-e' of hard-stem masculines, which applies the Slavic first palatalization in some circumstances (e.g. k -> č, Cr -> Cř, sometimes c -> č). The way we handle this as follows: 1. We maintain the underlying stems always in their "pronounced" form, i.e. if the last consonant is pronounced ť/ď/ň we maintain the stem in that form, but if pronounced t/d/n, we use those consonants. Hence neuter [[poledne]] "noon" has stem 'poledn-' but neuter [[štěně]] "puppy" has stem 'štěň'. If the stem ends in labial + /j/, we use a special TEMP_SOFT_LABIAL character after the labial (rather than 'j', in case of stems that actually have a written 'j' in them such as [[banjo]]). 2. We signal types (a), (b) and (c) above using respectively 'e', 'ě' and 'E'. Type (d) uses 'e' and sets `base.palatalize_voc`. 3. In combine_stem_ending(), we convert the stem back to the written form before adding the ending. If the ending begins with -e, this may entail converting -e to -ě, and in all cases -E is converted to -e. "Converting to the written form" converts ť/ď/ň to plain equivalents and deletes TEMP_SOFT_LABIAL before -e, converting -e to -ě with such consonants. The same conversions happen before other front consonants -ě/-é/-i/-í, which don't allow ť/ď/ň to precede, and in all cases with TEMP_SOFT_LABIAL, which is not an actual consonant. 4. If the ending is specified using -ě, this is maintained after plain coronals and labials in combine_stem_ending(), and converted to -e in other cases. 5. Applying the first and second palatalization happens below in apply_special_cases(). ]=] local function apply_special_cases(base, slot, stem, ending) local palatalize_voc if slot == "voc_s" and ending == "e" and base.palatalize_voc then local palstem = com.apply_first_palatalization(stem) -- According to IJP, nouns ending in -Cr palatalize in the vocative, but those in -Vr don't. In reality, -- though, it's more complex. It appears that animate nouns in -Cr tend to palatalize but inanimate nouns -- do it optionally. Specifics: -- -- Inanimate nouns with optional palatalization (ř listed second): [[alabastr]], [[amfiteátr]], [[barometr]], -- [[centilitr]], [[centrimetr]], [[decilitr]], [[decimetr]], [[Dněstr]], [[filtr]], [[galvanometr]], -- [[hektolitr]], [[kalorimetr]], [[litr]], [[lustr]], [[manometr]], [[manšestr]], [[metr]] (NOTE: is both -- animate and inanimate), [[mikrometr]], [[miliampérmetr]], [[mililitr]], [[nanometr]], [[orchestr]], -- [[parametr]], [[piastr]], [[půllitr]], [[radiometr]], [[registr]], [[rotmistr]], [[semestr]], [[skútr]], -- [[spirometr]], [[svetr]], [[šutr]], [[tachometr]], [[titr]], [[vítr]] (NOTE: has í-ě alternation), -- [[voltmetr]]; [[bagr]], [[bunkr]], [[cedr]], [[Dněpr]], [[fofr]], [[habr]] (NOTE: ř listed first), [[hadr]] -- (NOTE: ř listed first), [[hamr]], [[kafr]], [[kepr]], [[kopr]], [[koriandr]], [[krekr]], [[kufr]], -- [[Kypr]], [[lágr]], [[lógr]], [[manévr]], [[masakr]], [[okr]], [[oleandr]], [[pulovr]], [[šlágr]], -- [[vichr]] (NOTE: ř listed first), [[žánr]] -- -- -- Inanimate nouns that don't palatalize: [[ampérmetr]], [[anemometr]], [[sfygmomanometr]], [[sfygmometr]]; -- [[dodekaedr]], [[Hamr]], [[ikozaedr]], [[kvádr]], [[sandr]], [[torr]] -- -- -- Animate nouns that palatalize: [[arbitr]], [[bratr]], [[ekonometr]], [[foniatr]], [[fotr]], [[geometr]], -- [[kmotr]], [[lotr]], [[magistr]], [[metr]] (NOTE: is both animate and inanimate), [[ministr]], [[mistr]], -- [[pediatr]], [[Petr]], [[psychiatr]], [[purkmistr]], [[setr]], [[šamstr]]; [[bobr]], [[fajnšmekr]], -- [[humr]], [[hypochondr]], [[kapr]], [[lídr]], [[negr]], [[obr]], [[salamandr]], [[sólokapr]], [[švagr]], -- [[tygr]], [[zlobr]], [[zubr]] -- -- -- Animate nouns with optional palatalization (ř listed first): [[Silvestr]]; [[Alexandr]], [[snajpr]] -- -- Note the inconsistencies, e.g. [[sfygmomanometr]] and [[ampérmetr]] don't palatalize but [[manometr]] and -- [[miliampérmetr]] do it optionally. In reality, inanimate vocatives are extremely rare so this may not be the -- final word. if base.animacy == "inan" and rfind(stem, com.cons_c .. "r$") and not rfind(stem, "rr$") then -- optional r -> ř stem = {stem, palstem} else stem = palstem end elseif rfind(ending, "^[ěií]") or slot == "loc_s" and ending == "e" then if rfind(stem, "ck$") and rfind(base.lemma, "ck$") then -- IJP says nouns in -ck (back, comeback, crack, deadlock, hatchback, hattrick, joystick, paperback, quarterback, -- rock, soundtrack, track, truck) simplify the resulting -cc ending in the loc_p to -c. Similarly [[quarterback]] -- has nom_pl 'quarterbaci, quarterbackove'. We need to check the lemma as well because nouns in -cek don't do this. stem = rsub(stem, "ck$", "k") end -- loc_s of hard masculines is sometimes -e/ě; the user might indicate this as -e, which we should handle -- correctly stem = com.apply_second_palatalization(stem) end return stem, ending end local function skip_slot(number, slot) return number == "sg" and rfind(slot, "_p$") or number == "pl" and rfind(slot, "_s$") end -- Basic function to combine stem(s) and ending(s) and insert the result into the appropriate slot. `stems` is either -- the `stems` object passed into the declension functions (containing the various stems; see below) or a string to -- override the stem. (NOTE: If you pass a string in as `stems`, you should pass the value of `stems.footnotes` as the -- value of `footnotes` as it will be lost otherwise. If you need to supply your own footnote in addition, use -- iut.combine_footnotes() to combine any user-specified footnote(s) with your footnote(s).) `endings` is either a -- string specifying a single ending or a list of endings. If `endings` is nil, no forms are inserted. If an ending is -- "-", the value of `stems` is ignored and the lemma is used instead as the stem; this is important in case the user -- used `decllemma:` to specify a declension lemma different from the actual lemma, or specified '.foreign' (which has -- a similar effect). local function add(base, slot, stems, endings, footnotes) if not endings then return end if skip_slot(base.number, slot) then return end local stems_footnotes = type(stems) == "table" and stems.footnotes or nil footnotes = iut.combine_footnotes(iut.combine_footnotes(base.footnotes, stems_footnotes), footnotes) if type(endings) == "string" then endings = {endings} end for _, ending in ipairs(endings) do -- Compute the stem. If ending is "-", use the lemma regardless. Otherwise if `stems` is a string, use it. -- Otherwise `stems` is an object containing four stems (vowel-vs-non-vowel cross regular-vs-oblique); -- compute the appropriate stem based on the slot and whether the ending begins with a vowel. local stem if ending == "-" then stem = base.user_specified_lemma ending = "" elseif type(stems) == "string" then stem = stems else local is_vowel_ending = rfind(ending, "^" .. com.vowel_c) if stems.oblique_slots == "all" or (stems.oblique_slots == "gen_p" or stems.oblique_slots == "all-oblique") and slot == "gen_p" or stems.oblique_slots == "all-oblique" and (slot == "ins_s" or slot == "dat_p" or slot == "loc_p" or slot == "ins_p") then if is_vowel_ending then stem = stems.oblique_vowel_stem else stem = stems.oblique_nonvowel_stem end elseif is_vowel_ending then stem = stems.vowel_stem else stem = stems.nonvowel_stem end end -- Maybe apply the first or second Slavic palatalization. stem, ending = apply_special_cases(base, slot, stem, ending) ending = iut.combine_form_and_footnotes(ending, footnotes) local function combine_stem_ending(stem, ending) return com.combine_stem_ending(base, slot, stem, ending) end iut.add_forms(base.forms, slot, stem, ending, combine_stem_ending) end end local function process_slot_overrides(base, do_slot) for slot, overrides in pairs(base.overrides) do if skip_slot(base.number, slot) then error("Override specified for invalid slot '" .. slot .. "' due to '" .. base.number .. "' number restriction") end if do_slot(slot) then base.slot_overridden[slot] = true base.forms[slot] = nil for _, override in ipairs(overrides) do for _, value in ipairs(override.values) do local form = value.form local combined_notes = iut.combine_footnotes(base.footnotes, value.footnotes) if override.full then if form ~= "" then iut.insert_form(base.forms, slot, {form = form, footnotes = combined_notes}) end else -- Convert a null ending to "-" in the acc/voc sg slots so that e.g. [[Kerberos]] declared as -- <m.sg.foreign.gena:u.acc-:a> works correctly and generates accusative 'Kerberos/Kerbera' not -- #'Kerber/Kerbera'. if (slot == "acc_s" or slot == "voc_s") and form == "" then form = "-" end for _, stems in ipairs(base.stem_sets) do add(base, slot, stems, form, combined_notes) end end end end end end end local function add_decl(base, stems, gen_s, dat_s, acc_s, voc_s, loc_s, ins_s, nom_p, gen_p, dat_p, acc_p, loc_p, ins_p, footnotes ) add(base, "nom_s", stems, "-", footnotes) add(base, "gen_s", stems, gen_s, footnotes) add(base, "dat_s", stems, dat_s, footnotes) add(base, "acc_s", stems, acc_s, footnotes) add(base, "voc_s", stems, voc_s, footnotes) add(base, "loc_s", stems, loc_s, footnotes) add(base, "ins_s", stems, ins_s, footnotes) if base.number == "pl" then -- If this is a plurale tantum noun and we're processing the nominative plural, use the user-specified lemma -- rather than generating the plural from the synthesized singular, which may not match the specified lemma -- (e.g. [[tvargle]] "Olomouc cheese" using <m.pl.mixed> would try to generate 'tvargle/tvargly', and [[peníze]] -- "money" using <m.pl.#ě.genpl-> would try to generate 'peněze'). local acc_p_like_nom = m_table.deepEquals(nom_p, acc_p) nom_p = "-" if acc_p_like_nom then acc_p = "-" end end add(base, "nom_p", stems, nom_p, footnotes) add(base, "gen_p", stems, gen_p, footnotes) add(base, "dat_p", stems, dat_p, footnotes) add(base, "acc_p", stems, acc_p, footnotes) add(base, "loc_p", stems, loc_p, footnotes) add(base, "ins_p", stems, ins_p, footnotes) end local function add_sg_decl(base, stems, gen_s, dat_s, acc_s, voc_s, loc_s, ins_s, footnotes ) add_decl(base, stems, gen_s, dat_s, acc_s, voc_s, loc_s, ins_s, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, footnotes) end local function add_pl_only_decl(base, stems, gen_p, dat_p, acc_p, loc_p, ins_p, footnotes ) add_decl(base, stems, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, "-", gen_p, dat_p, acc_p, loc_p, ins_p, footnotes) end local function add_sg_decl_with_clitic(base, stems, gen_s, clitic_gen_s, dat_s, clitic_dat_s, acc_s, clitic_acc_s, voc_s, loc_s, ins_s, footnotes, no_nom_s ) if not no_nom_s then add(base, "nom_s", stems, "-", footnotes) end add(base, "gen_s", stems, gen_s, footnotes) add(base, "clitic_gen_s", stems, clitic_gen_s, footnotes) add(base, "dat_s", stems, dat_s, footnotes) add(base, "clitic_dat_s", stems, clitic_dat_s, footnotes) add(base, "acc_s", stems, acc_s, footnotes) add(base, "clitic_acc_s", stems, clitic_acc_s, footnotes) add(base, "voc_s", stems, voc_s, footnotes) add(base, "loc_s", stems, loc_s, footnotes) add(base, "ins_s", stems, ins_s, footnotes) end local function handle_derived_slots_and_overrides(base) local function is_non_derived_slot(slot) return slot ~= "voc_p" and slot ~= "acc_s" and slot ~= "clitic_acc_s" end local function is_derived_slot(slot) return not is_non_derived_slot(slot) end base.slot_overridden = {} -- Handle overrides for the non-derived slots. Do this before generating the derived -- slots so overrides of the source slots (e.g. nom_p) propagate to the derived slots. process_slot_overrides(base, is_non_derived_slot) -- Generate the remaining slots that are derived from other slots. if not base.pron and not base.det then -- Pronouns don't have a vocative (singular or plural). iut.insert_forms(base.forms, "voc_p", base.forms.nom_p) end if not base.forms.acc_s and not base.slot_overridden.acc_s then iut.insert_forms(base.forms, "acc_s", base.forms[base.animacy == "inan" and "nom_s" or "gen_s"]) end if not base.forms.clitic_acc_s and not base.slot_overridden.clitic_acc_s then iut.insert_forms(base.forms, "clitic_acc_s", base.forms[base.animacy == "inan" and "nom_s" or "clitic_gen_s"]) end -- Handle overrides for derived slots, to allow them to be overridden. process_slot_overrides(base, is_derived_slot) -- Compute linked versions of potential lemma slots, for use in {{cs-noun}}. -- We substitute the original lemma (before removing links) for forms that -- are the same as the lemma, if the original lemma has links. for _, slot in ipairs(potential_lemma_slots) do iut.insert_forms(base.forms, slot .. "_linked", iut.map_forms(base.forms[slot], function(form) if form == base.orig_lemma_no_links and rfind(base.orig_lemma, "%[%[") then return base.orig_lemma else return form end end)) end end -- Table mapping declension types to functions to decline the noun. The function takes two arguments, `base` and -- `stems`; the latter specifies the computed stems (vowel vs. non-vowel, singular vs. plural) and whether the noun -- is reducible and/or has vowel alternations in the stem. Most of the specifics of determining which stem to use -- and how to modify it for the given ending are handled in add_decl(); the declension functions just need to generate -- the appropriate endings. local decls = {} -- Table specifying additional properties for declension types. Every declension type must have such a table, which -- specifies which category or categories to add and what annotation to show in the title bar of the declension table. -- -- * Only the `cat` property of this table is mandatory; there is also a `desc` property to specify the annotation, but -- this can be omitted and the annotation will then be computed from the `cat` property. The `cat` property is either -- a string, a list of strings or a function (of two arguments, `base` and `stems` as above) returning a string or -- list of strings. The string can contain the keywords GENDER to substitute the gender (and animacy for masculine -- nouns) and POS (to substitute the pluralized part of speech). The keyword GENPOS is equivalent to 'GENDER POS'. If -- no keyword is present, ' GENPOS' is added onto the end. If only GENDER is present, ' POS' is added onto the end. -- In all cases, the language name is added onto the beginning to form the full category name. -- * The `desc` property is of the same form as the `cat` property and specifies the annotation to display in the title -- bar (which may have the same format as the category minus the part of speech, or may be abbreviated). The value -- may not be a list of strings, as only one annotation is displayed. If omitted, it is derived from the category -- spec(s) by taking the last category (if more than one is given) and removing ' POS' before keyword substitution. local declprops = {} -- Return the default masculine animate nominative plural ending(s) given `base` and `stems`. This is called for hard -- and soft masculines ending in a consonant, but not for nouns ending in a vowel, which have their own defaults -- (particularly nouns in -a, where -ista/-ita/-asta behave differently from other nouns in -a). local function default_masc_animate_nom_pl(base, stems) return -- [monosyllabic words: Dánové, Irové, králové, mágové, Rusové, sokové, synové, špehové, zběhové, zeťové, manové, danové -- (but Žid → Židé, Čech → Češi).] -- There are too many exceptions to this to make a special rule. It is better to use -- the overall default of -i and require that cases with -ove, -ove/-i, -i/-ove, etc. use overrides. -- com.is_monosyllabic(base.lemma) and "ové" or -- terms in -cek/-ček; order of -ové vs. -i sometimes varies: -- [[fracek]] (ové/i), [[klacek]] (i/ové), [[macek]] (ové/i), [[nácek]] (i/ové), [[prcek]] (ové/i), [[racek]] (ové/i); -- [[bazilišek]] (i/ové), [[černoušek]] (i/ové), [[drahoušek]] (ové/i), [[fanoušek]] (i/ové), [[františek]] (an/inan, -- ends in -i/-y but not -ové), [[koloušek]] (-i only), [[kulíšek]] (i/ové), [[oříšek]] (i/ové), [[papoušek]] (-i only), -- [[prášek]] (i/ové), [[šašek]] (i/ové). -- make sure to check `stems` as we don't want to include non-reducible words in -cek/-ček/-šek (but do want to include -- [[quarterback]], with -i/-ové) rfind(stems.vowel_stem, "^" .. com.lowercase_c .. ".*[cčš]k$") and {"i", "ové"} or -- barmani, gentlemani, jazzmani, kameramani, narkomani, ombudsmani, pivotmani, rekordmani, showmani, supermani, toxikomani rfind(base.lemma, "^" .. com.lowercase_c .. ".*man$") and "i" or -- terms ending in -an after a palatal or a consonant that doesn't change when palatalized, i.e. labial or l (but -man -- forms -mani unless in a proper noun): Brňan → Brňané, křesťan → křesťané, měšťan → měšťané, Moravan → Moravané, -- občan → občané, ostrovan → ostrované, Pražan → Pražané, Slovan → Slované, svatebčan → svatebčané, venkovan → venkované, -- Australan → Australané; some late formations pluralize this way but don't have a palatal consonant preceding the -an, -- e.g. [[pohan]], [[Oděsan]]; these need manual overrides rfind(base.lemma, "[" .. com.inherently_soft .. com.labial .. "l]an$") and {"é", "i"} or -- most now can also take -i -- proper names: Baťové, Novákové, Petrové, Tomášové, Vláďové; exclude demonyms (but include surnames) rfind(base.lemma, "^" .. com.uppercase_c) and (base.surname or not rfind(base.lemma, "[eě]c$")) and "ové" or -- demonyms: [[Albánec]], [[Gruzínec]], [[Izraelec]], [[Korejec]], [[Libyjec]], [[Litevec]], [[Němec]], [[Portugalec]] rfind(base.lemma, "^" .. com.uppercase_c .. ".*[eě]c$") and "i" or -- From here on down, we're dealing only with lowercase terms. -- buditelé, budovatelé, čekatelé, činitelé, hostitelé, jmenovatelé, pisatelé, ručitelé, velitelé, živitelé rfind(base.lemma, ".*tel$") and "é" or -- nouns in -j: čaroděj → čarodějové, lokaj → lokajové, patricij → patricijové, plebej → plebejové, šohaj → šohajové, žokej → žokejové -- nouns in -l: apoštol → apoštolové, břídil → břídilové, fňukal → fňukalové, hýřil → hýřilové, kutil → kutilové, -- loudal → loudalové, mazal → mazalové, škrabal → škrabalové, škudlil → škudlilové, vyvrhel → vyvrhelové, žvanil → žvanilové -- (we excluded those in -tel above) rfind(base.lemma, ".*[jl]$") and "ové" or -- archeolog → archeologové, biolog → biologové, geolog → geologové, meteorolog → meteorologové rfind(base.lemma, ".*log$") and "ové" or -- dramaturg → dramaturgové, chirurg → chirurgové rfind(base.lemma, ".*urg$") and "ové" or -- fotograf → fotografové, geograf → geografové, lexikograf → lexikografové rfind(base.lemma, ".*graf$") and "ové" or -- bibliofil → bibliofilové, germanofil → germanofilové rfind(base.lemma, ".*fil$") and "ové" or -- rusofob → rusofobové rfind(base.lemma, ".*fob$") and "ové" or -- agronom → agronomové, ekonom → ekonomové rfind(base.lemma, ".*nom$") and "ové" or "i" end decls["hard-m"] = function(base, stems) -- Nouns ending in hard -c, e.g. [[hec]] "joke", [[kibuc]] "kibbutz", don't palatalize. base.palatalize_voc = not rfind(stems.vowel_stem, "c$") base.hard_c = true local velar = rfind(stems.vowel_stem, com.velar_c .. "$") -- See [https://prirucka.ujc.cas.cz/en/?id=360] on declension of toponyms. local toponym = base.animacy == "inan" and rfind(base.lemma, "^" .. com.uppercase_c) -- Some toponyms take -a in the genitive singular, e.g. toponyms in -ín ([[Zlín]], [[Jičín]], [[Berlín]]); -- -ýn ([[Hostýn]], [[Londýn]]); -ov ([[Havířov]]); and -ev ([[Bezdrev]]), as do some others, e.g. domestic -- [[Beroun]], [[Brandýs]], [[Náchod]], [[Tábor]] and foreign [[Betlém]] "Bethlehem", [[Egypt]], -- [[Jeruzalém]] "Jerusalem", [[Milán]] "Milan", [[Řím]] "Rome", [[Rýn]] "Rhine". Also some transferred from -- common nouns e.g. ([[Nový]]) [[Kostel]], ([[Starý]]) [[Rybník]]. local toponym_gen_a = toponym and (rfind(base.lemma, "[íý]n$") or rfind(base.lemma, "[oe]v$")) -- Toponyms in -ík (Mělník, Braník, Rakovník, Lipník) seem to fluctuate between gen -a and -u. Also some in -- ‑štejn, ‑berg, ‑perk, ‑burk, ‑purk (Rabštejn, Heidelberg, Kašperk, Hamburk, Prešpurk) and some others: -- Zbiroh, Kamýk, Příbor, Zábřeh, Žebrák, Praděd. local toponym_gen_a_u = toponym and rfind(base.lemma, "ík$") -- Toponyms that take -a in the genitive singular tend to take -ě in the locative singular; so do those in -- -štejn (Rabštejn), -hrad (Petrohrad), -grad (Volgograd). local toponym_loc_e = toponym and (toponym_gen_a or rfind(base.lemma, "štejn$") or rfind(base.lemma, "[gh]rad$")) -- Toponyms in -ík seem to fluctuate between loc -ě and -u. local toponym_loc_e_u = toponym_gen_a_u -- Inanimate gen_s in -a other than toponyms in -ín/-ýn/-ev/-ov (e.g. [[zákon]] "law", [[oběd]] "lunch", [[kostel]] "church", -- [[dnešek]] "today", [[leden]] "January", [[trujúhelník]] "triangle") needs to be given manually, using '<gena>'. local gen_s = toponym_gen_a and "a" or toponym_gen_a_u and {"a", "u"} or base.animacy == "inan" and "u" or "a" -- Animates with dat_s only in -u (e.g. [[člověk]] "person", [[Bůh]] "God") need to give this manually, -- using '<datu>'. local dat_s = base.animacy == "inan" and "u" or base.surname and "ovi" or {"ovi", "u"} -- Inanimates with loc_s in -e/ě other than certain toponyms (see above) need to give this manually, using <locě>, but -- it will trigger the second palatalization automatically. local loc_s = toponym_loc_e and "ě" or toponym_loc_e_u and {"ě", "u"} or dat_s -- Velar-stem animates with voc_s in -e (e.g. [[Bůh]] "God", voc_s 'Bože'; [[člověk]] "person", voc_s 'člověče') -- need to give this manually using <voce>; it will trigger the first palatalization automatically. local voc_s = velar and "u" or "e" -- 'e' will trigger first palatalization in apply_special_cases() -- Nom_p in -i will trigger second palatalization in apply_special_cases(). local nom_p = base.animacy == "inan" and "y" or default_masc_animate_nom_pl(base, stems) -- Per IJP and Janda and Townsend: -- * loc_p in -ích is currently the default for velars but not otherwise; it will automatically trigger the second -- palatalization (e.g. [[práh]] "threshold", loc_p 'prazích'). Otherwise, -ích needs to be given manually using -- <locplích>, e.g. [[les]] "forest"; [[hotel]] "hotel"; likewise for loc_p in -ách (e.g. [[plech]] -- "metal plate"), using <locplách>. -- * Inanimate hard nouns in -c normally have -ech: [[hec]] "joke", [[tác]] "tray", [[truc]], [[kec]], [[frc]], -- [[flanc]], [[kibuc]] "kibbutz", [[pokec]] "chat". -- In the IJP tables, inanimate reducible nouns in -ček (and most in -cek, although there are many fewer; also some -- in -žek, but in this case it's too inconsistent to make the default) regularly have both -ích and -ách in the -- locative plural, while similar animate nouns only have -ích. This applies even to nouns like [[háček]] and -- [[koníček]] that can be either animate or inanimate. Make sure to exclude nouns in -ck such as [[comeback]] and -- [[joystick]], which have only -ích. local loc_p = base.animacy == "inan" and rfind(base.lemma, "[cč]ek$") and rfind(stems.vowel_stem, "[cč]k$") and {"ích", "ách"} or velar and "ích" or "ech" add_decl(base, stems, gen_s, dat_s, nil, voc_s, loc_s, "em", -- loc_p in -ích not after velar stems (e.g. [[les]] "forest"; [[hotel]] "hotel") needs to be given manually -- using <locplích>; it will automatically trigger the second palatalization; loc_p in -ách (e.g. [[plech]] -- "metal plate") also needs to be given manually using <locplách> nom_p, "ů", "ům", "y", loc_p, "y") end declprops["hard-m"] = { desc = function(base, stems) if rfind(stems.vowel_stem, com.velar_c .. "$") then return "軟口蓋語幹 GENDER" else return "硬語幹 GENDER" end end, cat = function(base, stems) if rfind(stems.vowel_stem, com.velar_c .. "$") then return "軟口蓋語幹" else return "硬語幹" end end } decls["semisoft-m"] = function(base, stems) -- Examples: -- * Animate in -ius: génius, nuncius, nonius (breed of horse), notárius, ordinárius, patricius, primárius, -- pronuncius, various names -- * Animate in -eus: farizeus, basileus, pygmeus ([[skarabeus]] inflects hard in the plural), various names -- * Inanimate in -ius: nonius (measuring device), rádius, sestercius -- NOTE: Inanimate nouns in -eus (nukleus, choreus) inflect hard in the plural local dat_s = base.animacy == "inan" and "u" or base.surname and "ovi" or {"ovi", "u"} local loc_s = dat_s local nom_p = base.animacy == "inan" and "e" or "ové" add_decl(base, stems, "a", dat_s, nil, "e", loc_s, "em", nom_p, "ů", "ům", "e", "ích", "i") end declprops["semisoft-m"] = { cat = "半軟語幹" } decls["soft-m"] = function(base, stems) base.palatalize_voc = true -- animates with dat_s only in -i need to give this manually, using '<dati>' local dat_s = base.animacy == "inan" and "i" or base.surname and "ovi" or {"ovi", "i"} local loc_s = dat_s -- Per IJP, the vast majority of soft masculine animates take -i in the voc_s, but those in -ec/-ěc take -e with first -- palatalization to -če, e.g. [[otec]] "father", [[lovec]] "hunter", [[blbec]] "fool, idiot", [[horolezec]] -- "mountaineer", [[znalec]] "expert", [[chlapec]] "boy", [[nadšenec]] "enthusiast", [[luněc]] (type of bird). -- Demonyms but not surnames ending in -ec but beginning with a capital letter take either -e or -i (only the former -- triggers the first palatalization). Examples: [[Portugalec]], [[Slovinec]] "Slovenian", [[Japonec]], [[Vietnamec]]. -- Not [[Kadlec]] (surname). local voc_s = base.animacy == "an" and rfind(base.lemma, "[eě]c$") and stems.reducible and (not base.surname and rfind(base.lemma, "^" .. com.uppercase_c) and {"e", "i"} or "e") or "i" local nom_p = base.animacy == "inan" and "e" or default_masc_animate_nom_pl(base, stems) -- nouns with loc_p in -ech (e.g. [[cíl]] "goal") need to give this manually, using <locplech> add_decl(base, stems, "e", dat_s, nil, voc_s, loc_s, "em", nom_p, "ů", "ům", "e", "ích", "i") end declprops["soft-m"] = { cat = "軟語幹" } decls["mixed-m"] = function(base, stems) -- NOTE: IJP tends to list the soft endings first, but per their section on this -- (https://prirucka.ujc.cas.cz/en/?id=220), the hard endings tend to predominate in modern use, so we list them -- first. if base.animacy == "an" then if rfind(base.lemma, "l$") then -- [[anděl]] "angel", [[manžel]] "husband", [[strašpytel]] "coward"; 'strašpytel' has a different declension -- from the other two, with more soft forms. [[manžel]] has plural in -é or -ové and needs an override. local dat_s = base.surname and "ovi" or {"ovi", "u"} local loc_s = dat_s add_decl(base, stems, "a", dat_s, nil, "i", loc_s, "em", "é", "ů", "ům", {"y", "e"}, {"ech", "ích"}, {"y", "i"}) else -- -s/-z: rorýs, platýs, pilous, markýz, všekaz, stávkokaz, penězokaz, listokaz, dřevokaz, zrnokaz, boss. -- Others recently moving towards this declension: primas, karas, kalous, konipas, ibis, chabrus, chuďas, -- kakabus, kliďas, kandrdas, morous, vágus. -- Some names: Alois, Mánes. -- Both hard and soft endings throughout. Most have -i and -ové in the nominative plural. local dat_s = base.surname and "ovi" or {"u", "i", "ovi"} local loc_s = dat_s add_decl(base, stems, {"a", "e"}, dat_s, nil, {"e", "i"}, loc_s, "em", {"i", "ové"}, "ů", "ům", {"y", "e"}, {"ech", "ích"}, {"y", "i"}) end else -- Given in IJP: burel, hnědel, chmel, krevel, kužel, námel, plevel, tmel, zádrhel, apríl, artikul, koukol, rubl, -- úběl, plus reducible nouns cumel, chrchel, [[kotel]] "cauldron", sopel, uhel. Also [[městys]]. Many of them are listed in the -- IJP tables with only hard or with fewer soft forms, so need to be investigated individually. if rfind(base.lemma, "[ls]$") then add_decl(base, stems, {"u", "e"}, {"u", "i"}, nil, {"e", "i"}, {"u", "e", "i"}, "em", {"y", "e"}, "ů", "ům", {"y", "e"}, {"ech", "ích"}, {"y", "i"}) else -- -n/-t; hard in the plural: hřeben, ječmen, [[kámen]] "stone", kmen, kořen, křemen, plamen, -- [[pramen]] "source", [[řemen]] "strap", den, týden, [[loket]] "elbow". -- There may be deviations (e.g. soft plural forms for [[den]]), so need to be investigated individually. add_decl(base, stems, {"u", "e"}, {"u", "i"}, nil, "i", {"u", "i"}, "em", "y", "ů", "ům", "y", "ech", "y") end end end declprops["mixed-m"] = { cat = "mixed" } decls["a-m"] = function(base, stems) -- husita → husité, izraelita → izraelité, jezuita → jezuité, kosmopolita → kosmopolité, táborita → táborité -- fašista → fašisté, filatelista → filatelisté, fotbalista → fotbalisté, kapitalista → kapitalisté, -- marxista → marxisté, šachista → šachisté, terorista → teroristé. NOTE: most these words actually appear in -- the IJP tables with -é/-i, so we go accordingly. -- -- gymnasta → gymnasté, fantasta → fantasté; also chiliasta, orgiasta, scholiasta, entuziasta, dynasta, ochlasta, -- sarkasta, vymasta; NOTE: Only 'gymnasta' actually given with just -é; 'fantasta' with -ové/-é, 'dynasta' and -- 'ochlasta' with just -ové, vymasta not in IJP (no plural given in SSJC), and the rest with -é/-i. So we go -- accordingly. local it_ist = rfind(stems.vowel_stem, "is?t$") or rfind(stems.vowel_stem, "ast$") -- Velar nouns (e.g. [[sluha]] "servant") have -ích in the loc_p (which triggers the second palatalization) -- instead of -ech. Nouns whose stem ends in a soft consonant ([[rikša]], [[paša]], [[bača]], [[mahárádža]], -- [[paňáca]], etc.) behave likewise. -- FIXME: [[pária]] "pariah", [[Maria]] etc. local loc_p = (rfind(stems.vowel_stem, com.velar_c .. "$") or rfind(stems.vowel_stem, com.inherently_soft_c .. "$")) and "ích" or "ech" add_decl(base, stems, "y", "ovi", "u", "o", "ovi", "ou", it_ist and {"é", "i"} or "ové", "ů", "ům", "y", loc_p, "y") end declprops["a-m"] = { cat = "GENPOS in -a" } decls["e-m"] = function(base, stems) -- [[zachránce]] "savior"; [[soudce]] "judge"; etc. -- At least two inanimates: [[průvodce]] "guide, guidebook; computing wizard"; [[správce]] "manager (software program), configuration program" local dat_s = base.animacy == "inan" and "i" or base.surname and "ovi" or {"ovi", "i"} local loc_s = dat_s add_decl(base, stems, "e", dat_s, nil, "-", loc_s, "em", -- nouns with -ové as well (e.g. [[soudce]] "judge") will need to specify that manually, e.g. <nompli:ové> base.animacy == "inan" and "e" or "i", "ů", "ům", "e", "ích", "i") end declprops["e-m"] = { cat = "GENPOS in -e" } decls["i-m"] = function(base, stems) -- [[kivi]] "kiwi (bird)"; [[kuli]] "coolie"; [[lori]] "lory, lorikeet (bird)" (loc_pl 'loriech/loriích/lorich'); -- [[vini]] "parrot of the genus Vini"; [[yetti]]/[[yeti]] "yeti". other examples: [[aguti]], [[efendi]], [[hadži]], -- [[pekari]], [[regenschori]], [[yetti]]/[[yeti]]. -- -- [[grizzly]]/[[grizly]] "grizzly bear"; [[pony]] "pony"; [[husky]] "husky"; [[dandy]] "dandy"; [[Billy]] "billy". -- -- NOTE: Some nouns in -y are regular soft stems, e.g. [[gay]] "gay person"; [[gray]] "gray (unit of absorbed -- radiation)"; [[Nagy]] (surname). -- -- NOTE: The stem ends in -i/-y. add_decl(base, stems, "ho", "mu", nil, "-", "m", "m", -- ins_pl 'kivii/kivimi' {"ové", ""}, {"ů", "ch"}, {"ům", "m"}, {"e", ""}, {"ích", "ch"}, {"i", "mi"}) end declprops["i-m"] = { cat = "GENPOS in -i/-y" } decls["í-m"] = function(base, stems) -- [[kádí]] "qadi (Islamic judge)", [[mahdí]] "Mahdi (Islamic prophet)", [[muftí]] "mufti (Islamic scholar)", -- [[sipáhí]] "sipahi (Algerian cavalryman in the French army)" -- -- No obvious examples in -ý, but the support is there. -- -- NOTE: The stem ends in -í/-ý. add_decl(base, stems, "ho", "mu", nil, "-", "m", "m", {"ové", ""}, {"ů", "ch"}, {"ům", "m"}, {"e", ""}, "ích", "mi") end declprops["í-m"] = { cat = "GENPOS in -í/-ý" } decls["ie-m"] = function(base, stems) -- [[zombie]] "zombie" (also fem/neut), [[hippie]] "hippie", [[yuppie]] "yuppie", [[rowdie]] "rowdy/hooligan" -- -- NOTE: The stem ends in -i (not -ie, because of the plural). add_decl(base, stems, "eho", "emu", nil, "-", "em", "em", {"ové", "es"}, {"ů", "es"}, {"ům", "es"}, {"e", "es"}, {"ích", "es"}, {"i", "es"}) end declprops["ie-m"] = { cat = "GENPOS in -ie" } decls["o-m"] = function(base, stems) -- [[kápo]] "head, leader"; [[lamželezo]] "strongman"; [[torero]] "bullfighter"; [[žako]] "African gray parrot"; -- [[dingo]] "dingo"; [[kakapo]] "kakapo" (given in Wiktionary with dat_s/loc_s in -ovi only not -ovi/-u; probably -- wrong but not in IJP); [[maestro]] "maestro"; [[Bruno]] "Bruno", [[Hugo]] "Hugo"; [[Ivo]] "Yves" (these names -- are singular-only per IJP); [[Kvido]] "Guido, Guy" (per IJP has accusative in -a or -ona); [[Oto]] "Otto" (per -- IJP also declinable like virile -a masculines; singular-only); [[Kuřátko]] (a surname; how declined?); -- [[Picasso]] (surname; how declined?); [[Pluto]] "Pluto (God)", also "Pluto (planet)", which is inanimate; -- [[Samo]]/[[Sámo]] "Samo (7th century Slavic ruler)" (dat_s/loc_s only in -ovi, needs override); [[Tomio]] -- "Tomio (Japanese male given name)" (how declined?); [[nemakačenko]] "idler, loafer" (given in Wiktionary with -- dat_s/loc_s in -ovi only, as for [[kakapo]]); [[nefachčenko]] "idler, loafer"; note also [[gadžo]] "gadjo", -- which has a unique declension. -- -- Velar nouns ([[žako]], [[dingo]], etc.) have -ích in the loc_p (which triggers the second palatalization) -- instead of -ech. local velar = rfind(stems.vowel_stem, com.velar_c .. "$") -- inanimates e.g. [[Pluto]] (planet) have -u only, like for normal hard masculines. local dat_s = base.animacy == "inan" and "u" or base.surname and "ovi"or {"ovi", "u"} local loc_s = dat_s local loc_p = velar and "ích" or "ech" add_decl(base, stems, "a", dat_s, nil, "-", loc_s, "em", "ové", "ů", "ům", "y", loc_p, "y") end declprops["o-m"] = { cat = "GENPOS in -o" } decls["u-m"] = function(base, stems) -- [[emu]] "emu", [[guru]] "guru", [[kakadu]] "cockatoo", [[marabu]] "marabou" (declined the same way) -- [[Osamu]] "Osamu (Japanese male given name)" [how declined?] -- [[Višnu]] "Vishnu" (declined like [[guru]] but singular-only) -- [[budižkničemu]] "good-for-nothing, ne'er-do-well" (indeclinable in the singular, declinable as masculine hard stem -- budižkničemové etc. in the plural, declinable as feminine hard stem budižkničemy etc. in the plural when feminine). -- -- NOTE: The stem ends in -u. add_decl(base, stems, "a", "ovi", nil, "-", "ovi", "em", "ové", "ů", "ům", "y", "ech", "y") end declprops["u-m"] = { cat = "GENPOS in -u" } decls["tstem-m"] = function(base, stems) -- E.g. [[kníže]] "prince", [[hrabě]] "earl", [[markrabě]] "margrave". add_decl(base, stems, "ete", "eti", "ete", "-", "eti", "etem", "ata", "at", "atům", "ata", "atech", "aty") end declprops["tstem-m"] = { cat = "t-stem" } decls["hard-f"] = function(base, stems) base.no_palatalize_c = true -- [[skica]] "sketch", [[gejša]] "geisha", [[rikša]] "rickshaw (vehicle)"; [[arakača]], [[čača]], [[čiča]] (drink), -- [[dača]] "dacha", [[gutaperča]] "guttapercha", [[viskača]]; [[babča]], [[číča]], [[káča]], [[mamča]], [[úča]]. -- Also appears to apply to ď (e.g. [[Naďa]]) and ť, as well as certain words with stems in -ň and -j (e.g. [[Táña]], -- [[doňa]], [[Darja]], [[Troja]]/[[Trója]]), which normally have a mixed declension. local dat_s = rfind(base.vowel_stem, "[cčšžďťjň]$") and {"ě", "i"} or "ě" local loc_s = dat_s add_decl(base, stems, "y", dat_s, "u", "o", loc_s, "ou", "y", "", "ám", "y", "ách", "ami") end declprops["hard-f"] = { cat = "hard" } decls["soft-f"] = function(base, stems) -- This also includes feminines in -ie, e.g. [[belarie]], [[signorie]], [[uncie]], and feminines in -oe, e.g. -- [[kánoe]], [[aloe]] and medical terms like [[dyspnoe]], [[apnoe]], [[hemoptoe]], [[kalanchoe]]. -- Nouns in -ice like [[ulice]] "street" have null genitive plural e.g. 'ulic'; nouns in -yně e.g. [[přítelkyně]] -- "girlfriend" have gen pl 'přítelkyň' or 'přítelkyní' with two possible endings; otherwise -í. (Alternation between -- -ň and -n and between -e and -ě handled automatically by combine_stem_ending().) local gen_p = rfind(base.lemma, "ice$") and "" or rfind(base.lemma, "yně$") and {"", "í"} or "í" -- Vocative really ends in -e, not just a copy of the nominative; cf. [[sinfonia]], which is soft-f except for -- the nominative and has -e in the vocative singular. add_decl(base, stems, "e", "i", "i", "e", "i", "í", "e", gen_p, "ím", "e", "ích", "emi") end declprops["soft-f"] = { cat = "軟語幹" } decls["mixed-f"] = function(base, stems) -- Lowercase nouns in -ňa (e.g. bárišňa/báryšňa, doňa, dueňa, piraňa, vikuňa) and -ja (e.g. maracuja, papája, sója). -- Does not appear to apply to proper nouns (e.g. [[Táňa]] "Tanya", [[Darja]] "Daria", [[Troja]]/[[Trója]] "Troy", -- which usually decline like [[gejša]], [[dača]], [[skica]]). add_decl(base, stems, {"i", "e"}, {"e", "i"}, "u", "o", {"e", "i"}, "ou", {"i", "e"}, {"", "í"}, {"ám", "ím"}, {"i", "e"}, {"ách", "ích"}, {"ami", "emi"}) end declprops["mixed-f"] = { cat = "mixed" } decls["cons-f"] = function(base, stems) -- e.g. [[dlaň]] "palm (of the hand)" add_decl(base, stems, "e", "i", "-", "i", "i", "í", "e", "í", "ím", "e", "ích", "emi") end declprops["cons-f"] = { cat = "soft zero-ending" } decls["istem-f"] = function(base, stems) add_decl(base, stems, "i", "i", "-", "i", "i", "í", -- See above under apply_special_cases(); -E causes depalatalization of ť/ď/ň. "i", "í", "Em", "i", "Ech", "mi") end declprops["istem-f"] = { cat = "i-stem" } decls["mixed-istem-f"] = function(base, stems) local gen_s, nom_p, dat_p, loc_p, ins_p -- Use of ě vs E below is intentional. Contrast [[oběť]] dat pl 'obětem' (depalatalizing) with [[nit]] ins pl -- 'nitěmi' (palatalizing). See comment above under apply_special_cases(). if base.mixedistem == "pěst" then -- pěst, past, mast, lest [reducible; ins pl 'lstmi'], pelest, propust, plst, oběť, zeď [reducible; ins pl -- 'zdmi'], paměť [ins pl 'pamětmi/paměťmi] gen_s, nom_p, dat_p, loc_p, ins_p = "i", "i", {"ím", "Em"}, {"ích", "Ech"}, "mi" elseif base.mixedistem == "moc" then -- moc, nemoc, pomoc, velmoc; NOTE: pravomoc has -i/-e alternation in gen_s, nom_p gen_s, nom_p, dat_p, loc_p, ins_p = "i", "i", {"Em", "ím"}, {"Ech", "ích"}, "ěmi" elseif base.mixedistem == "myš" then -- myš, veš [reducible, ins pl vešmi], hruď, měď, pleť, spleť, směs, smrt, step, odpověď [ins pl 'odpověď'mi/odpovědmi'], šeď, -- závěť [ins pl 'závěťmi/závětmi'], plsť [ins pl 'plstmi'] gen_s, nom_p, dat_p, loc_p, ins_p = "i", "i", "ím", "ích", "mi" elseif base.mixedistem == "noc" then -- lež [reducible], noc, mosaz, rez [reducible], ves [reducible], mysl, sůl, běl, žluť gen_s, nom_p, dat_p, loc_p, ins_p = "i", "i", "ím", "ích", "ěmi" elseif base.mixedistem == "žluč" then -- žluč, moč, modř, čeleď, kapraď, záď, žerď, čtvrť/čtvrt, drť, huť, chuť, nit, pečeť, závrať, pouť, stať, ocel gen_s, nom_p, dat_p, loc_p, ins_p = {"i", "ě"}, {"i", "ě"}, "ím", "ích", "ěmi" elseif base.mixedistem == "loď" then -- loď, suť gen_s, nom_p, dat_p, loc_p, ins_p = {"i", "ě"}, {"i", "ě"}, "ím", "ích", {"ěmi", "mi"} else error(("Unrecognized value '%s' for 'mixedistem', should be one of 'pěst', 'moc', 'myš', 'noc', 'žluč' or 'loď'"): format(base.mixedistem)) end add_decl(base, stems, gen_s, "i", "-", "i", "i", "í", nom_p, "í", dat_p, nom_p, loc_p, ins_p) end declprops["mixed-istem-f"] = { -- Include subtype in the table description but not in the category to avoid too many categories. desc = function(base, stems) return ("mixed i-stem [type '%s'] GENDER"):format(base.mixedistem) end, cat = function(base, stems) return {"mixed i-stem", ("mixed i-stem GENPOS (type '%s')"):format(base.mixedistem)} end, } decls["i-f"] = function(base, stems) -- [[máti]] "mother" (singular-only), [[pramáti]] "foremother"; very similar to the 'noc' mixed i-stem type add_decl(base, stems, "i", "i", "-", "i", "i", "í", "i", "í", "ím", "i", "ích", "ěmi") end declprops["i-f"] = { cat = "GENPOS in -i" } decls["ea-f"] = function(base, stems) -- Stem ends in -e. if base.tech then -- diarea, gonorea, chorea, nauzea, paleogea, seborea, trachea add_decl(base, stems, "y", "i", "u", "o", "i", "ou", "y", "í", {"ám", "ím"}, "y", {"ách", "ích"}, "ami") else -- idea, odysea ("wandering pilgrimage"), orchidea, palea, spirea -- proper names Galilea, Judea, Caesarea, Korea, Odyssea ("epic poem") add_decl(base, stems, {"y", "je"}, "ji", "u", "o", "ji", {"ou", "jí"}, {"y", "je"}, "jí", {"ám", "jím"}, {"y", "je"}, {"ách", "jích"}, {"ami", "jemi"}) end end declprops["ea-f"] = { cat = function(base, stems) if base.tech then return {"GENPOS in -ea", "technical GENPOS in -ea"} else return "GENPOS in -ea" end end } decls["oa-f"] = function(base, stems) -- Stem ends in -o/-u. -- stoa, kongrua; proper names Samoa, Managua, Nikaragua, Capua add_decl(base, stems, "y", "i", "u", "o", "i", "ou", "y", "í", "ám", "y", "ách", "ami") end declprops["oa-f"] = { cat = "GENPOS in -oa/-ua" } decls["ia-f"] = function(base, stems) -- Stem ends in -i. -- belaria, signoria, uncia; paranoia, sinfonia; -- proper names Alexandria, Alexia, Livia, Monrovia, Olympia, Sofia -- Identical to soft declension except for nom sg. decls["soft-f"](base, stems) end declprops["ia-f"] = { cat = "GENPOS in -ia" } decls["hard-n"] = function(base, stems) local velar = rfind(stems.vowel_stem, com.velar_c .. "$") -- NOTE: Per IJP it appears the meaning of the preceding preposition makes a difference: 'o' = "about" takes -- '-u' or '-ě', while 'na/v' = "in, on" normally takes '-ě'. local loc_s = -- Exceptions: [[mléko]] "milk" ('mléku' or 'mléce'), [[břicho]] "belly" ('břiše' or (less often) 'břichu'), -- [[roucho]] ('na rouchu' or 'v rouše'; why the difference in preposition?). velar and "u" or -- IJP says nouns in -dlo take only -e but the declension tables show otherwise. It appears -u is possible -- but significantly less common. Other nouns in -lo usually take just -e ([[čelo]] "forehead", -- [[kolo]] "wheel", [[křeslo]] "armchair", [[máslo]] "butter", [[peklo]] "hell", [[sklo]] "glass", -- [[světlo]] "light", [[tělo]] "body"; but [[číslo]] "number' with -e/-u; [[zlo]] "evil" and [[kouzlo]] "spell" -- with -u/-e). rfind(base.lemma, "dlo$") and {"ě", "u"} or rfind(base.lemma, "lo$") and "ě" or (rfind(base.lemma, "[sc]tvo$") or rfind(base.lemma, "ivo$")) and "u" or -- Per IJP: Borrowed words and abstracts take -u (e.g. [[banjo]]/[[bendžo]]/[[benžo]] "banjo", [[depo]] "depot", -- [[chladno]] "cold", [[mokro]] "damp, dampness", [[právo]] "law, right", [[šeru]] "twilight?", -- [[temno]] "dark, darkness", [[tempo]] "rate, tempo", [[ticho]] "quiet, silence", [[vedro]] "heat") and others -- often take -ě/-u. Formerly we defaulted to -ě/-u but it seems better to default to just -u, similarly to hard -- masculines. -- {"ě", "u"} "u" local loc_p = -- Note, lemmas in -isko also have mixed-reducible as default, handled in determine_default_reducible(). -- Note also, ending -ích triggers the second palatalization. rfind(base.lemma, "isko$") and {"ích", "ách"} or -- Diminutives in -ko, -čko, -tko; also [[lýtko]], [[děcko]], [[vrátka]], [[dvířka]], [[jho]], [[roucho]], -- [[tango]], [[mango]], [[sucho]], [[blaho]], [[víko]], [[echo]], [[embargo]], [[largo]], [[jericho]] (from -- IJP). Also foreign nouns in -kum: [[antibiotikum]], [[narkotikum]], [[afrodiziakum]], [[analgetikum]], etc. -- [[jablko]] "apple" has '-ách' or '-ích' and needs an override; likewise for [[vojsko]] "troop"; [[riziko]] -- "risk" normally has '-ích' and needs and override. velar and "ách" or "ech" add_decl(base, stems, "a", "u", "-", "-", loc_s, "em", "a", "", "ům", "a", loc_p, "y") -- FIXME: paired body parts e.g. [[rameno]] "shoulder" (gen_p/loc_p 'ramenou/ramen'), [[koleno]] "knee" -- (gen_p/loc_p 'kolenou/kolen'), [[prsa]] "chest, breasts" (plurale tantum; gen_p/loc_p 'prsou'). -- FIXME: Nouns with both neuter and feminine forms in the plural, e.g. [[lýtko]] "calf (of the leg)", -- [[bedro]] "hip", [[vrátka]] "gate". end declprops["hard-n"] = { desc = function(base, stems) if rfind(stems.vowel_stem, com.velar_c .. "$") then return "軟語幹 GENDER" else return "硬語幹 GENDER" end end, cat = function(base, stems) if rfind(stems.vowel_stem, com.velar_c .. "$") then return "軟語幹" else return "硬語幹" end end } decls["semisoft-n"] = function(base, stems) -- Examples: -- * In -ao: [[kakao]] "cacao", [[makao]] "Macao (gambling card game, see Wikipedia)", [[curaçao]] "curaçao (liqueur)" -- (IJP gives gen pl 'curaç' but ASSC [https://slovnikcestiny.cz/heslo/cura%C3%A7ao/0/9967] says 'curaçí' as expected), -- [[farao]] "faro (card game)"; also [[Makao]], [[Pathet Lao]], but these are sg-only -- * In -eo: [[stereo]], [[rodeo]], [[video]], [[solideo]]; also [[Borneo]], [[Montevideo]], but these are sg-only -- * In -io: [[rádio]] "radio", [[gramorádio]], [[studio]], [[scenário]], [[trio]], [[ážio]] (also spelled [[agio]]), -- [[disážio]], [[folio]], [[vibrio]]; also [[arpeggio]], [[adagio]], [[capriccio]], [[solfeggio]] although -- pronounced the Italian way without /i/; also [[Ohio]], [[Ontario]], [[Tokio]], but these are sg-only -- * In -uo: only [[duo]] -- * In -yo: only [[embryo]] -- * In -eum: [[muzeum]], [[lyceum]], [[linoleum]], [[ileum]], etc. -- * In -ium: [[atrium]] "atrium", most chemical elements, etc. -- * In -ion: [[enkómion]] "encomium", [[eufonion]] (variant of [[eufonium]]), [[amnion]], [[ganglion]], [[gymnasion]], -- [[scholion]], [[kritérion]] (rare for [[kritérium]]), [[onomatopoion]] (variant of [[onomatopoie]]), -- [[symposion]], [[synedrion]]; also [[Byzantion]], but this is sg-only; most words in -ion are masculine -- Hard in the singular, mostly soft in the plural. Those in -eo and -uo have alternative hard endings in the -- dat/loc/ins pl, but not those in -eum. Those in -ao have only hard endings except in the gen pl. (There are -- apparently no neuters in -eon; those in -eon e.g. [[akordeon]], [[neon]], [[nukleon]] are masculine.) local dat_p, loc_p, ins_p if rfind(base.user_specified_lemma, "ao$") then dat_p, loc_p, ins_p = "ům", "ech", "y" elseif rfind(base.user_specified_lemma, "[eu]o$") then dat_p, loc_p, ins_p = {"ím", "ům"}, {"ích", "ech"}, {"i", "y"} else dat_p, loc_p, ins_p = "ím", "ích", "i" end add_decl(base, stems, "a", "u", "-", "-", "u", "em", "a", "í", dat_p, "a", loc_p, ins_p) end declprops["semisoft-n"] = { cat = "半軟語幹" } decls["soft-n"] = function(base, stems) -- Examples: [[moře]] "sea", [[slunce]] "sun", [[srdce]] "heart", [[citoslovce]] "interjection", -- [[dopoledne]] "late morning", [[odpoledne]] "afternoon", [[hoře]] "sorrow, grief" (archaic or literary), -- [[inhalace]] "inhalation", [[kafe]] "coffee", [[kanape]] "sofa", [[kutě]] "bed", [[Labe]] "Elbe (singular only)", -- [[líce]] "cheek", [[lože]] "bed", [[nebe]] "sky; heaven", [[ovoce]] "fruit", [[pole]] "field", [[poledne]] -- "noon", [[příslovce]] "adverb", [[pukrle]] "curtsey" (also t-n), [[vejce]] "egg" (NOTE: gen pl 'vajec'). -- -- Many nouns in -iště, with null genitive plural. local gen_p = rfind(base.vowel_stem, "išť$") and "" or "í" add_decl(base, stems, "e", "i", "-", "-", "i", "em", "e", gen_p, "ím", "e", "ích", "i") -- NOTE: Some neuter words in -e indeclinable, e.g. [[Belize]], [[Chile]], [[garde]] "chaperone", [[karaoke]], -- [[karate]], [[re]] "double raise (card games)", [[ukulele]], [[Zimbabwe]], [[zombie]] (pl. 'zombie' or -- 'zombies') -- some nearly indeclinable, e.g. [[finále]], [[chucpe]]; see mostly-indecl below end declprops["soft-n"] = { cat = "soft" } decls["í-n"] = function(base, stems) -- [[nábřeží]] "waterfront" and a zillion others; also [[úterý]] "Tuesday". -- NOTE: The stem ends in -í/-ý. add_decl(base, stems, "", "", "-", "-", "", "m", "", "", "m", "", "ch", "mi") end declprops["í-n"] = { cat = "GENPOS in -í/-ý" } decls["n-n"] = function(base, stems) -- E.g. [[břemeno]] "burden" (also [[břímě]], use 'decllemma:'); [[písmeno]] "letter"; [[plemeno]] "breed"; -- [[rameno]] "shoulder" (also [[rámě]], use 'decllemma:'); [[semeno]] "seed" (also [[sémě]], [[símě]], use -- 'decllemma:'); [[temeno]] "crown (of the head)"; [[vemeno]] "udder" add_decl(base, stems, {"a", "e"}, {"i", "u"}, "-", "-", {"ě", "i", "u"}, "em", "a", "", "ům", "a", "ech", "y") end declprops["n-n"] = { cat = "n-stem" } decls["tstem-n"] = function(base, stems) -- E.g. [[batole]] "toddler", [[čuně]] "pig", [[daňče]] "fallow deer fawn", [[děvče]] "girl", [[ďouče]] "girl" -- (dialectal), [[dítě]] "child" (NOTE: feminine in the plural [[děti]], declined as a feminine i-stem), [[dvojče]] -- "twin", [[hádě]] "young snake", [[house]] "gosling", [[hříbě]] "foal" (pl. hříbata), [[jehně]] "lamb", [[kavče]] -- "young jackdaw; chough", [[káče]] "duckling", [[káně]] "buzzard chick" (NOTE: also feminine meaning "buzzard"), -- [[klíště]] "tick", [[kose]] "blackbird chick" (rare), [[kuře]] "chick (young chicken)", [[kůzle]] -- "kid (young goat)", [[lišče]] "fox cub", [[lvíče]] "lion cub", [[medvídě]] "bear cub", [[mládě]] "baby animal", -- [[morče]] "guinea pig", [[mrně]] "toddler", [[nemluvně]] "infant", [[novorozeně]] "newborn", [[orle]] "eaglet", -- [[osle]] "donkey foal", [[pachole]] "boy (obsolete); page, squire", [[páže]] "page, squire", [[podsvinče]] -- "suckling pig", [[prase]] "pig", [[prtě]] "toddler", [[ptáče]] "chick (young bird)", -- [[robě]] "baby, small child", [[saranče]] "locust" (NOTE: also feminine), [[sele]] "piglet", -- [[slůně]] "baby elephant", [[škvrně]] "toddler", [[štěně]] "puppy", [[tele]] "calf", [[velbloudě]] "camel colt", -- [[vlče]] "wolf cub", [[vnouče]] "grandchild", [[vyžle]] "small hunting dog; slender person", -- [[zvíře]] "animal, beast". -- -- Some referring to inanimates, e.g. [[doupě]] "lair" (pl. doupata), [[koště]]/[[chvoště]] "broom", [[paraple]] -- "umbrella", [[poupě]] "bud", [[pukrle]] "curtsey" (also soft-n), [[rajče]] "tomato", [[šuple]] "drawer", -- [[varle]] "testicle", [[vole]] "craw (of a bird); goiter". add_decl(base, stems, "ete", "eti", "-", "-", "eti", "etem", "ata", "at", "atům", "ata", "atech", "aty") end declprops["tstem-n"] = { cat = "t-stem" } decls["ma-n"] = function(base, stems) -- E.g. [[drama]] "drama", [[dogma]] "dogma", [[aneurysma]]/[[aneuryzma]] "aneurysm", [[dilema]] "dilemma", -- [[gumma]] "gumma" (non-cancerous syphilitic growth), [[klima]] "climate", [[kóma]] "coma", [[lemma]] "lemma", -- [[melisma]] "melisma", [[paradigma]] "paradigm", [[plasma]]/[[plazma]] "plasma [partly ionized gas]" -- (note [[plasma]]/[[plazma]] "blood plasma" is feminine), [[revma]] "rheumatism", [[schéma]] "schema, diagram", -- [[schisma]]/[[schizma]] "schism", [[smegma]] "smegma", [[sofisma]]/[[sofizma]] "sophism", [[sperma]] "sperm", -- [[stigma]] "stigma", [[téma]] "theme", [[trauma]] "trauma", [[trilema]] "trilemma", [[zeugma]] "zeugma". add_decl(base, stems, "atu", "atu", "-", "-", "atu", "atem", "ata", "at", "atům", "ata", "atech", "aty") end declprops["ma-n"] = { cat = "ma-stem" } decls["adj"] = function(base, stems) local props = {} local propspec = table.concat(props, ".") if propspec ~= "" then propspec = "<" .. propspec .. ">" end local adj_alternant_multiword_spec = require("Module:cs-adjective").do_generate_forms({base.lemma .. propspec}) local function copy(from_slot, to_slot) base.forms[to_slot] = adj_alternant_multiword_spec.forms[from_slot] end if base.number ~= "pl" then if base.gender == "m" then copy("nom_m", "nom_s") copy("gen_mn", "gen_s") copy("dat_mn", "dat_s") copy("loc_mn", "loc_s") copy("ins_mn", "ins_s") elseif base.gender == "f" then copy("nom_f", "nom_s") copy("gen_f", "gen_s") copy("dat_f", "dat_s") copy("acc_f", "acc_s") copy("loc_f", "loc_s") copy("ins_f", "ins_s") else copy("nom_n", "nom_s") copy("gen_mn", "gen_s") copy("dat_mn", "dat_s") copy("acc_n", "acc_s") copy("loc_mn", "loc_s") copy("ins_mn", "ins_s") end if not base.forms.voc_s then iut.insert_forms(base.forms, "voc_s", base.forms.nom_s) end end if base.number ~= "sg" then if base.gender == "m" then if base.animacy == "an" then copy("nom_mp_an", "nom_p") else copy("nom_fp", "nom_p") end copy("acc_mfp", "acc_p") elseif base.gender == "f" then copy("nom_fp", "nom_p") copy("acc_mfp", "acc_p") else copy("nom_np", "nom_p") copy("acc_np", "acc_p") end copy("gen_p", "gen_p") copy("dat_p", "dat_p") copy("ins_p", "ins_p") copy("loc_p", "loc_p") end end local function get_stemtype(base) if rfind(base.lemma, "ý$") then return "hard" elseif rfind(base.lemma, "í$") then return "soft" else return "possessive" end end declprops["adj"] = { cat = function(base, stems) return {"adjectival POS", get_stemtype(base) .. " GENDER adjectival POS"} end, } decls["mostly-indecl"] = function(base, stems) -- Several neuters: E.g. [[finále]] "final (sports)", [[čtvrtfinále]] "quarterfinal", [[chucpe]] "chutzpah", -- [[penále]] "fine, penalty", [[promile]] "" (NOTE: loc pl also promilech), [[rande]] "rendezvous", [[semifinále]] -- "semifinal", [[skóre]] "score". -- At least one masculine animate: [[kamikaze]]/[[kamikadze]], where IJP says only -m in the ins sg. local ins_s = base.gender == "m" and "m" or {"-", "m"} add_decl(base, stems, "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", ins_s, "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-") end declprops["mostly-indecl"] = { cat = "mostly indeclinable" } decls["indecl"] = function(base, stems) -- Indeclinable. Note that fully indeclinable nouns should not have a table at all rather than one all of whose forms -- are the same; but having an indeclinable declension is useful for nouns that may or may not be indeclinable, e.g. -- [[desatero]] "group of ten" or the plural of [[peso]], which may be indeclinable 'pesos'. add_decl(base, stems, "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-") end declprops["indecl"] = { cat = function(base, stems) if base.adj then return {"adjectival POS", "indeclinable adjectival POS", "indeclinable GENDER adjectival POS"} else return {"indeclinable POS", "indeclinable GENPOS"} end end } decls["manual"] = function(base, stems) -- Anything declined manually using overrides. We don't set any declensions except the nom_s (or nom_p if plurale -- tantum). add(base, base.number == "pl" and "nom_p" or "nom_s", stems, "-") end declprops["manual"] = { desc = "GENDER", cat = {}, } local function set_pron_defaults(base) if base.gender or base.lemma ~= "ona" and base.number or base.animacy then error("Can't specify gender, number or animacy for pronouns") end local function pron_props() -- Return values are GENDER, NUMBER, ANIMACY, HAS_CLITIC. if base.lemma == "kdo" then return "none", "sg", "an", false elseif base.lemma == "co" then return "none", "sg", "inan", false elseif base.lemma == "já" or base.lemma == "ty" then return "none", "sg", "an", true elseif base.lemma == "my" or base.lemma == "vy" then return "none", "pl", "an", false elseif base.lemma == "on" then return "m", "sg", "none", true elseif base.lemma == "ono" then return "n", "sg", "inan", true elseif base.lemma == "oni" then return "m", "pl", "an", false elseif base.lemma == "ony" then return "none", "pl", "none", false elseif base.lemma == "ona" then if base.number ~= "sg" and base.number ~= "pl" then error("Must specify '.sg' or '.pl' with lemma 'ona'") end if base.number == "sg" then return "f", "sg", "none", false else return "n", "pl", "inan", false end elseif base.lemma == "sebe" then return "none", "none", "none", true else error(("Unrecognized pronoun '%s'"):format(base.lemma)) end end local gender, number, animacy, has_clitic = pron_props() base.gender = gender base.user_specified_gender = gender base.number = number base.animacy = animacy base.has_clitic = has_clitic end local function determine_pronoun_stems(base) if base.stem_sets then error("Reducible and vowel alternation specs cannot be given with pronouns") end base.stem_sets = {{reducible = false, vowel_stem = "", nonvowel_stem = ""}} base.decl = "pron" end decls["pron"] = function(base, stems) local after_prep_footnote = "[after a preposition]" if base.lemma == "kdo" then add_decl(base, stems, "koho", "komu", nil, nil, "kom", "kým") elseif base.lemma == "co" then add_decl(base, stems, "čeho", "čemu", nil, nil, "čem", "čím") elseif base.lemma == "já" then add_sg_decl_with_clitic(base, stems, "mne", "mě", "mně", "mi", nil, nil, nil, "mně", "mnou") elseif base.lemma == "ty" then add_sg_decl_with_clitic(base, stems, "tebe", "tě", "tobě", "ti", nil, nil, nil, "tobě", "tebou") elseif base.lemma == "my" then add_pl_only_decl(base, stems, "nás", "nám", "nás", "nás", "námi") elseif base.lemma == "vy" then add_pl_only_decl(base, stems, "vás", "vám", "vás", "vás", "vámi") elseif base.lemma == "on" or base.lemma == "ono" then local acc_s = base.lemma == "on" and {"jeho", "jej"} or "je" local clitic_acc_s = base.lemma == "on" and {"jej", "ho"} or "je" local prep_acc_s = base.lemma == "on" and {"něho", "něj"} or "ně" local prep_clitic_acc_s = base.lemma == "on" and "-ň" or nil add_sg_decl_with_clitic(base, stems, "jeho", "ho", "jemu", "mu", acc_s, clitic_acc_s, nil, nil, "jím") add_sg_decl_with_clitic(base, stems, "něho", nil, "němu", nil, prep_acc_s, prep_clitic_acc_s, nil, "něm", "ním", after_prep_footnote) elseif base.lemma == "ona" and base.number == "sg" then add_sg_decl(base, stems, "jí", "jí", "ji", nil, nil, "jí") add_sg_decl(base, stems, "ní", "ní", "ni", nil, "ní", "ní", after_prep_footnote) elseif base.lemma == "oni" or base.lemma == "ony" or base.lemma == "ona" then add_pl_only_decl(base, stems, "jich", "jim", "je", nil, "jimi") add_pl_only_decl(base, stems, "nich", "nim", "ně", "nich", "nimi", after_prep_footnote) elseif base.lemma == "sebe" then -- Underlyingly we handle [[sebe]]'s slots as singular. add_sg_decl_with_clitic(base, stems, "sebe", "sebe", "sobě", "si", "sebe", "se", nil, "sobě", "sebou", nil, "no nom_s") else error(("Internal error: Unrecognized pronoun lemma '%s'"):format(base.lemma)) end end declprops["pron"] = { desc = "GENDER pronoun", cat = {}, } local function set_num_defaults(base) if base.gender or base.number or base.animacy then error("Can't specify gender, number or animacy for numeral") end local function num_props() -- Return values are GENDER, NUMBER, ANIMACY, HAS_CLITIC. return "none", "pl", "none", false end local gender, number, animacy, has_clitic = num_props() base.gender = gender base.user_specified_gender = gender base.number = number base.animacy = animacy base.has_clitic = has_clitic end local function determine_numeral_stems(base) if base.stem_sets then error("Reducible and vowel alternation specs cannot be given with numerals") end local stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)" .. com.vowel_c .. "$") or base.lemma base.stem_sets = {{reducible = false, vowel_stem = stem, nonvowel_stem = stem}} base.decl = "num" end decls["num"] = function(base, stems) local after_prep_footnote = "[after a preposition]" if base.lemma == "dva" or base.lemma == "dvě" then -- in compound numbers; stem is dv- add_pl_only_decl(base, stems, "ou", "ěma", "-", "ou", "ěma") elseif base.lemma == "tři" or base.lemma == "čtyři" then -- stem is without -i local is_three = base.lemma == "tři" add_pl_only_decl(base, stems, is_three and "í" or "", "em", "-", "ech", is_three and "emi" or "mi") add_pl_only_decl(base, stems, "ech", nil, nil, nil, nil, "[colloquial]") add_pl_only_decl(base, stems, nil, nil, nil, nil, is_three and "ema" or "ma", "[when modifying a form ending in ''-ma'']") elseif base.lemma == "devět" then add_pl_only_decl(base, "", "devíti", "devíti", "-", "devíti", "devíti", stems.footnotes) elseif base.lemma == "sta" or base.lemma == "stě" or base.lemma == "set" then add_pl_only_decl(base, "", "set", "stům", "-", "stech", "sty", stems.footnotes) elseif rfind(base.lemma, "[cs]et$") then -- [[deset]] and all numbers ending in -cet ([[dvacet]], [[třicet]], [[čtyřicet]] and inverted compound -- numerals such as [[pětadvacet]] "25" and [[dvaatřicet]] "32") local begin = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)et$") add_pl_only_decl(base, stems, "i", "i", "-", "i", "i") add_pl_only_decl(base, begin, "íti", "íti", "-", "íti", "íti", stems.footnotes) elseif rfind(base.lemma, "oje$") then -- [[dvoje]], [[troje]] -- stem is without -e add_pl_only_decl(base, stems, "ích", "ím", "-", "ích", "ími") elseif rfind(base.lemma, "ery$") then -- [[čtvery]], [[patery]], [[šestery]], [[sedmery]], [[osmery]], [[devatery]], [[desatery]] -- stem is without -y add_pl_only_decl(base, stems, "ých", "ým", "-", "ých", "ými") else add_pl_only_decl(base, stems, "i", "i", "-", "i", "i") end end declprops["num"] = { desc = "GENDER numeral", cat = {}, } local function set_det_defaults(base) if base.gender or base.number or base.animacy then error("Can't specify gender, number or animacy for determiner") end local function det_props() -- Return values are GENDER, NUMBER, ANIMACY, HAS_CLITIC. return "none", "none", "none", false end local gender, number, animacy, has_clitic = det_props() base.gender = gender base.user_specified_gender = gender base.number = number base.animacy = animacy base.has_clitic = has_clitic end local function determine_determiner_stems(base) if base.stem_sets then error("Reducible and vowel alternation specs cannot be given with determiners") end local stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)" .. com.vowel_c .. "$") or base.lemma base.stem_sets = {{reducible = false, vowel_stem = stem, nonvowel_stem = stem}} base.decl = "det" end decls["det"] = function(base, stems) add_sg_decl(base, stems, "a", "a", "-", nil, "a", "a") end declprops["det"] = { desc = "GENDER determiner", cat = {}, } local function fetch_footnotes(separated_group) local footnotes for j = 2, #separated_group - 1, 2 do if separated_group[j + 1] ~= "" then error("Extraneous text after bracketed footnotes: '" .. table.concat(separated_group) .. "'") end if not footnotes then footnotes = {} end table.insert(footnotes, separated_group[j]) end return footnotes end --[=[ Parse a single override spec (e.g. 'nomplé:ové' or 'ins:autodráhou:autodrahou[rare]') and return two values: the slot(s) the override applies to, and an object describing the override spec. The input is actually a list where the footnotes have been separated out; for example, given the spec 'inspl:čobotami:čobotámi[rare]:čobitmi[archaic]', the input will be a list {"inspl:čobotami:čobotámi", "[rare]", ":čobitmi", "[archaic]", ""}. The object returned for 'ins:autodráhou:autodrahou[rare]' looks like this: { full = true, values = { { form = "autodráhou" }, { form = "autodrahou", footnotes = {"[rare]"} } } } The object returned for 'nomplé:ové' looks like this: { values = { { form = "é", }, { form = "ové", } } } ]=] local function parse_override(segments) local retval = {values = {}} local part = segments[1] local slots = {} while true do local case = usub(part, 1, 3) if cases[case] then -- ok else error(("Unrecognized case '%s' in override: '%s'"):format(case, table.concat(segments))) end part = usub(part, 4) local slot if rfind(part, "^pl") then part = usub(part, 3) slot = case .. "_p" elseif rfind(part, "^cl") then -- No plural clitic cases at this point. part = usub(part, 3) if clitic_cases[case] then slot = "clitic_" .. case .. "_s" else error(("Unrecognized clitic case '%s' in override: '%s'"):format(case, table.concat(segments))) end else slot = case .. "_s" end table.insert(slots, slot) if rfind(part, "^%+") then part = usub(part, 2) else break end end if rfind(part, "^:") then retval.full = true part = usub(part, 2) end segments[1] = part local colon_separated_groups = put.split_alternating_runs_and_strip_spaces(segments, ":") for i, colon_separated_group in ipairs(colon_separated_groups) do local value = {} local form = colon_separated_group[1] if form == "" then error(("Use - to indicate an empty ending for slot%s '%s': '%s'"):format(#slots > 1 and "s" or "", table.concat(slots), table.concat(segments))) elseif form == "-" then value.form = "" else value.form = form end value.footnotes = fetch_footnotes(colon_separated_group) table.insert(retval.values, value) end return slots, retval end --[=[ Parse an indicator spec (text consisting of angle brackets and zero or more dot-separated indicators within them). Return value is an object of the form { overrides = { SLOT = {OVERRIDE, OVERRIDE, ...}, -- as returned by parse_override() ... }, forms = {}, -- forms for a single spec alternant; see `forms` below footnotes = {"FOOTNOTE", "FOOTNOTE", ...}, -- may be missing stems = { -- may be missing { reducible = TRUE_OR_FALSE, footnotes = {"FOOTNOTE", "FOOTNOTE", ...}, -- may be missing -- The following fields are filled in by determine_stems() vowel_stem = "STEM", nonvowel_stem = "STEM", oblique_slots = one of {nil, "gen_p", "all", "all-oblique"}, oblique_vowel_stem = "STEM" or nil (only needs to be set if oblique_slots is non-nil), oblique_nonvowel_stem = "STEM" or nil (only needs to be set if oblique_slots is non-nil), }, ... }, gender = "GENDER", -- "m", "f", "n" number = "NUMBER", -- "sg", "pl"; may be missing animacy = "ANIMACY", -- "inan", "an"; may be missing hard = true, -- may be missing soft = true, -- may be missing mixed = true, -- may be missing surname = true, -- may be missing istem = true, -- may be missing ["-istem"] = true, -- may be missing tstem = true, -- may be missing nstem = true, -- may be missing tech = true, -- may be missing foreign = true, -- may be missing mostlyindecl = true, -- may be missing indecl = true, -- may be missing manual = true, -- may be missing adj = true, -- may be missing decllemma = "DECLENSION-LEMMA", -- may be missing declgender = "DECLENSION-GENDER", -- may be missing -- The following additional fields are added by other functions: orig_lemma = "ORIGINAL-LEMMA", -- as given by the user orig_lemma_no_links = "ORIGINAL-LEMMA-NO-LINKS", -- links removed lemma = "LEMMA", -- `orig_lemma_no_links`, converted to singular form if plural and lowercase if all-uppercase forms = { SLOT = { { form = "FORM", footnotes = {"FOOTNOTE", "FOOTNOTE", ...} -- may be missing }, ... }, ... }, decl = "DECL", -- declension, e.g. "hard-m" vowel_stem = "VOWEL-STEM", -- derived from vowel-ending lemmas nonvowel_stem = "NONVOWEL-STEM", -- derived from non-vowel-ending lemmas } ]=] local function parse_indicator_spec(angle_bracket_spec) local inside = rmatch(angle_bracket_spec, "^<(.*)>$") assert(inside) local base = {overrides = {}, forms = {}} if inside ~= "" then local segments = put.parse_balanced_segment_run(inside, "[", "]") local dot_separated_groups = put.split_alternating_runs_and_strip_spaces(segments, "%.") for i, dot_separated_group in ipairs(dot_separated_groups) do local part = dot_separated_group[1] local case_prefix = usub(part, 1, 3) if cases[case_prefix] then local slots, override = parse_override(dot_separated_group) for _, slot in ipairs(slots) do if base.overrides[slot] then error(("Two overrides specified for slot '%s'"):format(slot)) else base.overrides[slot] = {override} end end elseif part == "" then if #dot_separated_group == 1 then error("Blank indicator: '" .. inside .. "'") end base.footnotes = fetch_footnotes(dot_separated_group) elseif rfind(part, "^[-*#ě]*$") or rfind(part, "^[-*#ě]*,") then if base.stem_sets then error("Can't specify reducible/vowel-alternant indicator twice: '" .. inside .. "'") end local comma_separated_groups = put.split_alternating_runs_and_strip_spaces(dot_separated_group, ",") local stem_sets = {} for i, comma_separated_group in ipairs(comma_separated_groups) do local pattern = comma_separated_group[1] local orig_pattern = pattern local reducible, vowelalt, oblique_slots if pattern == "-" then -- default reducible, no vowel alt else local before, after before, reducible, after = rmatch(pattern, "^(.-)(%-?%*)(.-)$") if before then pattern = before .. after reducible = reducible == "*" end if pattern ~= "" then if not rfind(pattern, "^##?ě?$") then error("Unrecognized vowel-alternation pattern '" .. pattern .. "', should be one of #, ##, #ě or ##ě: '" .. inside .. "'") end if pattern == "#ě" or pattern == "##ě" then vowelalt = "quant-ě" else vowelalt = "quant" end -- `oblique_slots` will be later changed to "all" if the lemma ends in a consonant. if pattern == "##" or pattern == "##ě" then oblique_slots = "all-oblique" else oblique_slots = "gen_p" end end end table.insert(stem_sets, { reducible = reducible, vowelalt = vowelalt, oblique_slots = oblique_slots, footnotes = fetch_footnotes(comma_separated_group) }) end base.stem_sets = stem_sets elseif #dot_separated_group > 1 then error("Footnotes only allowed with slot overrides, reducible or vowel alternation specs or by themselves: '" .. table.concat(dot_separated_group) .. "'") elseif part == "m" or part == "f" or part == "n" then if base.gender then error("Can't specify gender twice: '" .. inside .. "'") end base.gender = part elseif part == "sg" or part == "pl" then if base.number then error("Can't specify number twice: '" .. inside .. "'") end base.number = part elseif part == "an" or part == "inan" then if base.animacy then error("Can't specify animacy twice: '" .. inside .. "'") end base.animacy = part elseif part == "hard" or part == "soft" or part == "mixed" or part == "surname" or part == "istem" or part == "-istem" or part == "tstem" or part == "nstem" or part == "tech" or part == "foreign" or part == "mostlyindecl" or part == "indecl" or part == "pron" or part == "det" or part == "num" then if base[part] then error("Can't specify '" .. part .. "' twice: '" .. inside .. "'") end base[part] = true -- Allow 'hard' to signal that -y is allowed after -c, as in hard masculine nouns such as [[hec]] -- "joke", and also feminines in -ca where the c is pronounced as /k/, e.g. [[ayahuasca]], [[pororoca]], -- [[Petrarca]], [[Mallorca]], [[Casablanca]]. (Contrast [[mangalica]], [[Kusturica]], [[Bjelica]], -- where the c is pronounced as /ts/ and -y is disallowed.) if part == "hard" then base.hard_c = true end elseif part == "+" then if base.adj then error("Can't specify '+' twice: '" .. inside .. "'") end base.adj = true elseif part == "!" then if base.manual then error("Can't specify '!' twice: '" .. inside .. "'") end base.manual = true elseif rfind(part, "^mixedistem:") then if base.mixedistem then error("Can't specify 'mixedistem:' twice: '" .. inside .. "'") end base.mixedistem = rsub(part, "^mixedistem:", "") elseif rfind(part, "^decllemma:") then if base.decllemma then error("Can't specify 'decllemma:' twice: '" .. inside .. "'") end base.decllemma = rsub(part, "^decllemma:", "") elseif rfind(part, "^declgender:") then if base.declgender then error("Can't specify 'declgender:' twice: '" .. inside .. "'") end base.declgender = rsub(part, "^declgender:", "") else error("Unrecognized indicator '" .. part .. "': '" .. inside .. "'") end end end return base end local function is_regular_noun(base) return not base.adj and not base.pron and not base.det and not base.num end local function set_defaults_and_check_bad_indicators(base) -- Set default values. local regular_noun = is_regular_noun(base) if base.pron then set_pron_defaults(base) elseif base.det then set_det_defaults(base) elseif base.num then set_num_defaults(base) elseif not base.adj then if not base.gender then if base.manual then base.gender = "none" else error("For nouns, gender must be specified") end end base.number = base.number or "both" base.animacy = base.animacy or "inan" base.user_specified_gender = base.gender base.user_specified_animacy = base.animacy if base.declgender then if base.declgender == "m-an" then base.gender = "m" base.animacy = "an" elseif base.declgender == "m-in" then base.gender = "m" base.animacy = "inan" elseif base.declgender == "f" or base.declgender == "n" then base.gender = base.declgender else error(("Unrecognized value '%s' for 'declgender', should be 'm-an', 'm-in', 'f' or 'n'"):format(base.declgender)) end end end -- Check for bad indicator combinations. if (base.hard and 1 or 0) + (base.soft and 1 or 0) + (base.mixed and 1 or 0) > 1 then error("At most one of 'hard', 'soft' and 'mixed' can be specified") end if base.istem and base["-istem"] then error("'istem' and '-istem' cannot be specified together") end if (base.istem or base["-istem"]) then if base.gender ~= "f" then error("'istem' and '-istem' can only be specified with the feminine gender") end if not regular_noun then error("'istem' and '-istem' can only be specified with regular nouns") end end if base.declgender and not regular_noun then error("'declgender' can only be specified with regular nouns") end end local function set_all_defaults_and_check_bad_indicators(alternant_multiword_spec) local is_multiword = #alternant_multiword_spec.alternant_or_word_specs > 1 iut.map_word_specs(alternant_multiword_spec, function(base) set_defaults_and_check_bad_indicators(base) base.multiword = is_multiword -- FIXME: not currently used; consider deleting alternant_multiword_spec.has_clitic = alternant_multiword_spec.has_clitic or base.has_clitic if base.pron then alternant_multiword_spec.saw_pron = true else alternant_multiword_spec.saw_non_pron = true end if base.det then alternant_multiword_spec.saw_det = true else alternant_multiword_spec.saw_non_det = true end if base.num then alternant_multiword_spec.saw_num = true else alternant_multiword_spec.saw_non_num = true end end) end local function undo_second_palatalization(base, word, is_adjective) local function try(from, to) local stem = rmatch(word, "^(.*)" .. from .. "$") if stem then return stem .. to end return nil end return is_adjective and try("št", "sk") or is_adjective and try("čt", "ck") or try("c", "k") or -- FIXME, this could be wrong and c correct try("ř", "r") or try("z", "h") or -- FIXME, this could be wrong and z or g correct try("š", "ch") or word end -- For a plural-only lemma, synthesize a likely singular lemma. It doesn't have to be -- theoretically correct as long as it generates all the correct plural forms. local function synthesize_singular_lemma(base) if not base.stem_sets then base.stem_sets = {{}} end local lemma_determined -- Loop over all stem sets in case the user specified multiple ones (e.g. '*,-*'). If we try to reconstruct -- different lemmas for different stem sets, we'll throw an error below. for _, stems in ipairs(base.stem_sets) do local stem, lemma while true do if base.indecl then -- If specified as indeclinable, leave it alone; e.g. 'pesos' indeclinable plural of [[peso]]. lemma = base.lemma break elseif base.gender == "m" then if base.animacy == "an" then stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)i$") if stem then if base.soft then -- [[Blíženci]] "Gemini" -- Since the nominative singular has no ending. lemma = com.convert_paired_plain_to_palatal(stem, ending) else lemma = undo_second_palatalization(base, stem) end else stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)ové$") or rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)é$") if stem then -- [[manželé]] "married couple", [[Velšané]] "Welsh people" lemma = stem else error(("Animate masculine plural-only lemma '%s' should end in -i, -ové or -é"):format(base.lemma)) end end else stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)y$") if stem then -- [[droby]] "giblets"; [[tvarůžky]] "Olomouc cheese"; [[alimenty]] "alimony"; etc. lemma = stem else local ending stem, ending = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)([eě])$") if stem then -- [[peníze]] "money", [[tvargle]] "Olomouc cheese" (mixed declension), [[údaje]] "data", -- [[Lazce]] (a village), [[lováče]] "money", [[Krkonoše]] "Giant Mountains", [[kříže]] "clubs" lemma = com.convert_paired_plain_to_palatal(stem, ending) if not base.mixed then base.soft = true end else error(("Inanimate masculine plural-only lemma '%s' should end in -y, -e or -ě"):format(base.lemma)) end end end if stems.reducible == nil then if rfind(lemma, com.cons_c .. "[ck]$") and not com.is_monosyllabic(base.lemma) then stems.reducible = true end if stems.reducible then lemma = dereduce(lemma) end end break elseif base.gender == "f" then stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)y$") if stem then lemma = stem .. "a" break end stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)[eě]$") if stem then -- Singular like the plural. Cons-stem feminines like [[dlaň]] "palm (of the hand)" have identical -- plurals to soft-stem feminines like [[růže]] (modulo e/ě differences), so we don't need to -- reconstruct the former type. lemma = base.lemma break end stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)i$") if stem then -- i-stems. lemma = stem base.istem = true break end error(("Feminine plural-only lemma '%s' should end in -y, -ě, -e or -i"):format(base.lemma)) elseif base.gender == "n" then -- -ata nouns like [[slůně]] "baby elephant" nom pl 'slůňata' are declined in the plural same as if -- the singular were 'slůňato' so we don't have to worry about them. stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)a$") if stem then lemma = stem .. "o" break end stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)[eěí]$") if stem then -- singular lemma also in -e, -ě or -í; e.g. [[věčná loviště]] "[[happy hunting ground]]" lemma = base.lemma break end error(("Neuter plural-only lemma '%s' should end in -a, -í, -ě or -e"):format(base.lemma)) else error(("Internal error: Unrecognized gender '%s'"):format(base.gender)) end end if lemma_determined and lemma_determined ~= lemma then error(("Attempt to set two different singular lemmas '%s' and '%s'"):format(lemma_determined, lemma)) end lemma_determined = lemma end base.lemma = lemma_determined end -- For an adjectival lemma, synthesize the masc singular form. local function synthesize_adj_lemma(base) local stem if base.indecl then base.decl = "indecl" stem = base.lemma else local gender, number local function sub_ov(stem) stem = stem:gsub("ov$", "ův") return stem end while true do if base.number == "pl" then if base.gender == "m" then stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)í$") if stem then if base.soft then -- nothing to do else if base.animacy ~= "an" then error(("Masculine plural-only adjectival lemma '%s' ending in -í can only be animate unless '.soft' is specified"): format(base.lemma)) end base.lemma = undo_second_palatalization(base, stem, "is adjective") .. "ý" end break end stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)é$") if stem then if base.animacy == "an" then error(("Masculine plural-only adjectival lemma '%s' ending in -é must be inanimate"): format(base.lemma)) end base.lemma = stem .. "ý" break end stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*ov)i$") or rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*in)i$") if stem then if base.animacy ~= "an" then error(("Masculine plural-only possessive adjectival lemma '%s' ending in -i must be animate"): format(base.lemma)) end base.lemma = sub_ov(stem) break end stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*ov)y$") or rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*in)y$") if stem then if base.animacy == "an" then error(("Masculine plural-only possessive adjectival lemma '%s' ending in -y must be inanimate"): format(base.lemma)) end base.lemma = sub_ov(stem) break end if base.animacy == "an" then error(("Animate masculine plural-only adjectival lemma '%s' should end in -í, -ovi or -ini"): format(base.lemma)) elseif base.soft then error(("Soft masculine plural-only adjectival lemma '%s' should end in -í"):format(base.lemma)) else error(("Inanimate masculine plural-only adjectival lemma '%s' should end in -é, -ovy or -iny"): format(base.lemma)) end elseif base.gender == "f" then stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)é$") -- hard adjective if stem then base.lemma = stem .. "ý" break end stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)í$") -- soft adjective if stem then break end stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*ov)y$") or rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*in)y$") -- possessive adjective if stem then base.lemma = sub_ov(stem) break end error(("Feminine plural-only adjectival lemma '%s' should end in -é, -í, -ovy or -iny"):format(base.lemma)) else stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)á$") -- hard adjective if stem then base.lemma = stem .. "ý" break end stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)í$") -- soft adjective if stem then break end stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*ov)a$") or rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*in)a$") -- possessive adjective if stem then base.lemma = sub_ov(stem) break end error(("Neuter plural-only adjectival lemma '%s' should end in -á, -í, -ova or -ina"):format(base.lemma)) end else if base.gender == "m" then stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)[ýí]$") or rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)ův$") or rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)in$") if stem then break end error(("Masculine adjectival lemma '%s' should end in -ý, -í, -ův or -in"):format(base.lemma)) elseif base.gender == "f" then stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)á$") if stem then base.lemma = stem .. "ý" break end stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)í$") if stem then break end stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*ov)a$") or rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*in)a$") if stem then base.lemma = sub_ov(stem) break end error(("Feminine adjectival lemma '%s' should end in -á, -í, -ova or -ina"):format(base.lemma)) else stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)é$") if stem then base.lemma = stem .. "ý" break end stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)í$") if stem then break end stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*ov)o$") or rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*in)o$") if stem then base.lemma = sub_ov(stem) break end error(("Neuter adjectival lemma '%s' should end in -é, -í, -ovo or -ino"):format(base.lemma)) end end end base.decl = "adj" end -- Now set the stem sets if not given. -- Now set the stem sets if not given. if not base.stem_sets then base.stem_sets = {{reducible = false}} end for _, stems in ipairs(base.stem_sets) do -- Set the stems. stems.vowel_stem = stem stems.nonvowel_stem = stem end end -- Determine the declension based on the lemma, gender and number. The declension is set in base.decl. In the process, -- we set either base.vowel_stem (if the lemma ends in a vowel) or base.nonvowel_stem (if the lemma does not end in a -- vowel), which is used by determine_stems(). In some cases (specifically with certain foreign nouns), we set -- base.lemma to a new value; this is as if the user specified 'decllemma:'. local function determine_declension(base) if base.mostlyindecl then base.decl = "mostly-indecl" base.nonvowel_stem = base.lemma return end if base.indecl then base.decl = "indecl" base.nonvowel_stem = base.lemma return end -- Determine declension stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)a$") if stem then if base.gender == "m" then if base.animacy ~= "an" then error("Masculine lemma in -a must be animate") end base.decl = "a-m" elseif base.gender == "f" then if base.hard then -- e.g. [[doňa]], which seems not to have soft alternates as [[piraňa]] does (despite IJP; but see the note at the -- bottom) base.decl = "hard-f" elseif rfind(stem, "e$") then -- [[idea]], [[diarea]] (subtype '.tech'), [[Korea]], etc. base.decl = "ea-f" elseif rfind(stem, "i$") then -- [[signoria]], [[sinfonia]], [[paranoia]], etc. base.decl = "ia-f" elseif rfind(stem, "[ou]$") then -- [[stoa]], [[kongrua]], [[Samoa]], [[Nikaragua]], etc. base.decl = "oa-f" elseif rfind(stem, "^" .. com.lowercase_c .. ".*[ňj]$") then -- [[maracuja]], [[papája]], [[sója]]; [[piraňa]] etc. Not [[Táňa]], [[Darja]], [[Troja]]/[[Trója]], which decline -- like [[gejša]], [[skica]], etc. (subtype of hard feminines). base.decl = "mixed-f" else base.decl = "hard-f" end elseif base.gender == "n" then if rfind(stem, "m$") then base.decl = "ma-n" else error("Lemma ending in -a and neuter must end in -ma") end end base.vowel_stem = stem return end local ending stem, ending = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)([eě])$") if stem then if ending == "ě" then stem = com.convert_paired_plain_to_palatal(stem) end if base.gender == "m" then if base.foreign then -- [[software]] and similar English-derived nouns with silent -e; set the lemma here as if decllemma: were given base.lemma = stem base.nonvowel_stem = stem base.decl = "hard-m" return end if base.tstem then if base.animacy ~= "an" then error("T-stem masculine lemma in -e must be animate") end base.decl = "tstem-m" elseif rfind(stem, "i") then -- [[zombie]], [[hippie]], [[yuppie]], [[rowdie]] base.decl = "ie-m" else base.decl = "e-m" end elseif base.gender == "f" then base.decl = "soft-f" else if base.tstem then base.decl = "tstem-n" else base.decl = "soft-n" end end base.vowel_stem = stem return end stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)o$") if stem then if base.gender == "m" then -- Cf. [[maestro]] m. base.decl = "o-m" elseif base.gender == "f" then -- [[zoo]]; [[Žemaitsko]]? error("Feminine nouns in -o are indeclinable; use '.indecl' if needed") elseif base.nstem then base.decl = "n-n" elseif base.hard then base.decl = "hard-n" elseif rfind(stem, "[aeiuy]$") then -- These have gen pl in -í and often other soft plural endings. base.decl = "semisoft-n" else base.decl = "hard-n" end base.vowel_stem = stem return end stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*[iy])$") if stem then if base.gender == "m" then if base.soft then -- [[gay]] "gay man", [[gray]] "gray (scientific unit)", [[Nagy]] (surname) base.decl = "soft-m" else -- Cf. [[kivi]] "kiwi (bird)", [[husky]] "kusky", etc. base.decl = "i-m" end elseif base.gender == "f" then if base.soft then -- [[Uruguay]], [[Paraguay]] base.decl = "soft-f" else -- [[máti]], [[pramáti]]; note also indeclinable [[tsunami]]/[[cunami]], [[okapi]] base.decl = "i-f" if stem:find("i$") then stem = stem:gsub("i$", "") else error("Feminine nouns in -y are either soft or indeclinable; use '.soft' or '.indecl' as needed") end end else error("Neuter nouns in -i are indeclinable; use '.indecl' if needed") end base.vowel_stem = stem return end stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*u)$") if stem then if base.gender == "m" then -- Cf. [[emu]], [[guru]], etc. base.decl = "u-m" elseif base.gender == "f" then -- Only one I know is [[budižkničemu]], which is indeclinable in the singular and declines in the plural as -- if written 'budižkničema'. error("Feminine nouns in -u are indeclinable; use '.indecl' if needed") else error("Neuter nouns in -u are indeclinable; use '.indecl' if needed") end base.vowel_stem = stem return end stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*[íý])$") if stem then if base.gender == "m" then base.decl = "í-m" elseif base.gender == "f" then -- FIXME: Do any exist? If not, update this message. error("Support for non-adjectival non-indeclinable feminine nouns in -í/-ý not yet implemented") else base.decl = "í-n" end base.vowel_stem = stem return end stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*" .. com.cons_c .. ")$") if stem then if base.gender == "m" then if base.foreign then -- [[komunismus]] "communism", [[kosmos]] "cosmos", [[hádes]] "Hades" stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)[ueo]s$") if not stem then error("Unrecognized masculine foreign ending, should be -us, -es or -os") end if not base.hard and (rfind(stem, "[ei]$") and base.animacy == "an" or rfind(stem, "i$") and base.animacy == "inan") then -- [[genius]], [[basileus]], [[rádius]]; not [[nukleus]], [[choreus]] (inanimate); not -- [[skarabeus]] (animate), which should specify 'hard' base.decl = "semisoft-m" else base.decl = "hard-m" end -- set the lemma here as if decllemma: were given base.lemma = stem elseif base.hard then base.decl = "hard-m" elseif base.soft then base.decl = "soft-m" elseif base.mixed then base.decl = "mixed-m" elseif rfind(base.lemma, com.inherently_soft_c .. "$") or rfind(base.lemma, "tel$") then base.decl = "soft-m" else base.decl = "hard-m" end elseif base.gender == "f" then if base.mixedistem then base.decl = "mixed-istem-f" elseif base.istem then base.decl = "istem-f" elseif base["-istem"] then base.decl = "cons-f" elseif rfind(base.lemma, "st$") then -- Numerous abstracts in -ost; also [[kost]], [[část]], [[srst]], [[bolest]] base.decl = "istem-f" else base.decl = "cons-f" end elseif base.gender == "n" then if base.foreign then stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)um$") or rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)on$") if not stem then error("Unrecognized neuter foreign ending, should be -um or -on") end if base.hard then base.decl = "hard-n" elseif rfind(stem, "[ei]$") then base.decl = "semisoft-n" else base.decl = "hard-n" end -- set the lemma here as if decllemma: were given base.lemma = stem .. "o" base.vowel_stem = stem return else error("Neuter nouns ending in a consonant should use '.foreign' or '.decllemma:...'") end end base.nonvowel_stem = stem return end error("Unrecognized ending for lemma: '" .. base.lemma .. "'") end -- Determine the default value for the 'reducible' flag. local function determine_default_reducible(base) -- Nouns in vowels other than -a/o as well as masculine nouns ending in all vowels don't have null endings so not -- reducible. Note, we are never called on adjectival nouns. if rfind(base.lemma, "[iyuíeě]$") or base.gender == "m" and rfind(base.lemma, "[ao]$") or base.tstem then base.default_reducible = false return end local stem stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*" .. com.cons_c .. ")$") if stem then -- When analyzing existing manual declensions in -ec and -ek, 290 were reducible vs. 23 non-reducible. Of these -- 23, 15 were monosyllabic (and none of the 290 reducible nouns were monosyllabic) -- and two of these were -- actually reducible but irregularly: [[švec]] "shoemaker" (gen sg 'ševce') and [[žnec]] "reaper (person)" -- (gen sg. 'žence'). Of the remaining 8 multisyllabic non-reducible words, two were actually reducible but -- irregularly: [[stařec]] "old man" (gen sg 'starce') and [[tkadlec]] "weaver" (gen sg 'tkalce'). The remaining -- six consisted of 5 compounds of monosyllabic words: [[dotek]], [[oblek]], [[kramflek]], [[pucflek]], -- [[pokec]], plus [[česnek]], which should be reducible but would lead to an impossible consonant cluster. if base.gender == "m" and rfind(stem, "[eě][ck]$") and not com.is_monosyllabic(stem) then base.default_reducible = true elseif base.gender == "f" and rfind(stem, "[eě]ň$") then -- [[pochodeň]] "torch", [[píseň]] "leather", [[žeň]] "harvest"; not [[reveň]] "rhubarb" or [[dřeň]] "pulp", -- which need an override. base.default_reducible = true else base.default_reducible = false end return end if base.number == "sg" then base.default_reducible = false return end if rfind(base.lemma, "isko$") then -- e.g. [[středisko]] base.default_reducible = "mixed" return end stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)" .. com.vowel_c .. "$") if not stem then error(("Internal error: Something wrong, lemma '%s' doesn't end in consonant or vowel"):format(base.lemma)) end -- Substitute 'ch' with a single character to make the following code simpler. stem = stem:gsub("ch", com.TEMP_CH) if rfind(stem, com.cons_c .. "[lr]" .. com.cons_c .. "$") then -- [[vrba]], [[vlha]]; not reducible. (But note [[jablko]], reducible; needs override.) base.default_reducible = false elseif not base.foreign and rfind(stem, com.cons_c .. "[bkhlrmnv]$") then base.default_reducible = true elseif base.foreign and rfind(stem, com.cons_c .. "r$") then -- Foreign nouns in -CCum seem generally non-reducible in the gen pl except for those in -Crum like [[centrum]], -- Examples: [[album]], [[verbum]], [[signum]], [[interregnum]], [[sternum]]. [[infernum]] has gen pl 'infern/inferen'. base.default_reducible = true else base.default_reducible = false end end -- Determine the stems to use for each stem set: vowel and nonvowel stems, for singular -- and plural. We assume that one of base.vowel_stem or base.nonvowel_stem has been -- set in determine_declension(), depending on whether the lemma ends in -- a vowel. We construct all the rest given the reducibility, vowel alternation spec and -- any explicit stems given. We store the determined stems inside of the stem-set objects -- in `base.stem_sets`, meaning that if the user gave multiple reducible or vowel-alternation -- patterns, we will compute multiple sets of stems. The reason is that the stems may vary -- depending on the reducibility and vowel alternation. local function determine_stems(base) if not base.stem_sets then base.stem_sets = {{}} end -- Set default reducible and check for default mixed reducible, which needs to be expanded into two entries. local default_mixed_reducible = false for _, stems in ipairs(base.stem_sets) do if stems.reducible == nil then stems.reducible = base.default_reducible end if stems.reducible == "mixed" then default_mixed_reducible = true end end if default_mixed_reducible then local new_stem_sets = {} for _, stems in ipairs(base.stem_sets) do if stems.reducible == "mixed" then local non_reducible_copy = m_table.shallowcopy(stems) non_reducible_copy.reducible = false stems.reducible = true table.insert(new_stem_sets, stems) table.insert(new_stem_sets, non_reducible_copy) else table.insert(new_stem_sets, stems) end end base.stem_sets = new_stem_sets end -- Now determine all the stems for each stem set. for _, stems in ipairs(base.stem_sets) do local lemma_is_vowel_stem = not not base.vowel_stem if base.vowel_stem then stems.vowel_stem = base.vowel_stem stems.nonvowel_stem = stems.vowel_stem -- Apply vowel alternation first in cases like jádro -> jader; apply_vowel_alternation() will throw an error -- if the vowel being modified isn't the last vowel in the stem. stems.oblique_nonvowel_stem = com.apply_vowel_alternation(stems.vowelalt, stems.nonvowel_stem) if stems.reducible then stems.nonvowel_stem = dereduce(stems.nonvowel_stem) stems.oblique_nonvowel_stem = dereduce(stems.oblique_nonvowel_stem) end else stems.nonvowel_stem = base.nonvowel_stem -- The user specified #, #ě, ## or ##ě and we're dealing with a term like masculine [[bůh]] or feminine -- [[sůl]] that ends in a consonant. In this case, all slots except the nom_s and maybe acc_s have vowel -- alternation. if stems.oblique_slots then stems.oblique_slots = "all" end stems.oblique_nonvowel_stem = com.apply_vowel_alternation(stems.vowelalt, stems.nonvowel_stem) if stems.reducible then stems.vowel_stem = com.reduce(base.nonvowel_stem) if not stems.vowel_stem then error("Unable to reduce stem '" .. base.nonvowel_stem .. "'") end else stems.vowel_stem = base.nonvowel_stem end end stems.oblique_vowel_stem = com.apply_vowel_alternation(stems.vowelalt, stems.vowel_stem) end end local function detect_indicator_spec(base) if base.pron then determine_pronoun_stems(base) elseif base.det then determine_determiner_stems(base) elseif base.num then determine_numeral_stems(base) elseif base.adj then synthesize_adj_lemma(base) elseif base.manual then if base.stem_sets then -- FIXME, maybe this should be allowed? error("Reducible and vowel alternation specs cannot be given with manual declensions") end base.stem_sets = {{reducible = false, vowel_stem = "", nonvowel_stem = ""}} base.decl = "manual" else if base.number == "pl" then synthesize_singular_lemma(base) end determine_declension(base) determine_default_reducible(base) determine_stems(base) end end local function detect_all_indicator_specs(alternant_multiword_spec) -- Keep track of all genders seen in the singular and plural so we can determine whether to add the term to -- [[:Category:Czech nouns that change gender in the plural]]. alternant_multiword_spec.sg_genders = {} alternant_multiword_spec.pl_genders = {} iut.map_word_specs(alternant_multiword_spec, function(base) detect_indicator_spec(base) if base.number ~= "pl" then alternant_multiword_spec.sg_genders[base.user_specified_gender] = true end if base.number ~= "sg" then -- All t-stem masculines are neuter in the plural. local plgender if base.decl == "tstem-m" then plgender = "n" else plgender = base.user_specified_gender end alternant_multiword_spec.pl_genders[plgender] = true end end) if (alternant_multiword_spec.saw_pron and 1 or 0) + (alternant_multiword_spec.saw_det and 1 or 0) + (alternant_multiword_spec.saw_num and 1 or 0) > 1 then error("Can't combine pronouns, determiners and/or numerals") end end local propagate_multiword_properties local function propagate_alternant_properties(alternant_spec, property, mixed_value, nouns_only) local seen_property for _, multiword_spec in ipairs(alternant_spec.alternants) do propagate_multiword_properties(multiword_spec, property, mixed_value, nouns_only) if seen_property == nil then seen_property = multiword_spec[property] elseif multiword_spec[property] and seen_property ~= multiword_spec[property] then seen_property = mixed_value end end alternant_spec[property] = seen_property end propagate_multiword_properties = function(multiword_spec, property, mixed_value, nouns_only) local seen_property = nil local last_seen_nounal_pos = 0 local word_specs = multiword_spec.alternant_or_word_specs or multiword_spec.word_specs for i = 1, #word_specs do local is_nounal if word_specs[i].alternants then propagate_alternant_properties(word_specs[i], property, mixed_value) is_nounal = not not word_specs[i][property] elseif nouns_only then is_nounal = is_regular_noun(word_specs[i]) else is_nounal = not not word_specs[i][property] end if is_nounal then if not word_specs[i][property] then error("Internal error: noun-type word spec without " .. property .. " set") end for j = last_seen_nounal_pos + 1, i - 1 do word_specs[j][property] = word_specs[j][property] or word_specs[i][property] end last_seen_nounal_pos = i if seen_property == nil then seen_property = word_specs[i][property] elseif seen_property ~= word_specs[i][property] then seen_property = mixed_value end end end if last_seen_nounal_pos > 0 then for i = last_seen_nounal_pos + 1, #word_specs do word_specs[i][property] = word_specs[i][property] or word_specs[last_seen_nounal_pos][property] end end multiword_spec[property] = seen_property end local function propagate_properties_downward(alternant_multiword_spec, property, default_propval) local function set_and_fetch(obj, default) local retval if obj[property] then retval = obj[property] else obj[property] = default retval = default end if not obj["user_specified_" .. property] then obj["user_specified_" .. property] = retval end return retval end local propval1 = set_and_fetch(alternant_multiword_spec, default_propval) for _, alternant_or_word_spec in ipairs(alternant_multiword_spec.alternant_or_word_specs) do local propval2 = set_and_fetch(alternant_or_word_spec, propval1) if alternant_or_word_spec.alternants then for _, multiword_spec in ipairs(alternant_or_word_spec.alternants) do local propval3 = set_and_fetch(multiword_spec, propval2) for _, word_spec in ipairs(multiword_spec.word_specs) do local propval4 = set_and_fetch(word_spec, propval3) if propval4 == "mixed" then -- FIXME, use clearer error message. error("Attempt to assign mixed " .. property .. " to word") end set_and_fetch(word_spec, propval4) end end else if propval2 == "mixed" then -- FIXME, use clearer error message. error("Attempt to assign mixed " .. property .. " to word") end set_and_fetch(alternant_or_word_spec, propval2) end end end --[=[ Propagate `property` (one of "animacy", "gender" or "number") from nouns to adjacent adjectives. We proceed as follows: 1. We assume the properties in question are already set on all nouns. This should happen in set_defaults_and_check_bad_indicators(). 2. We first propagate properties upwards and sideways. We recurse downwards from the top. When we encounter a multiword spec, we proceed left to right looking for a noun. When we find a noun, we fetch its property (recursing if the noun is an alternant), and propagate it to any adjectives to its left, up to the next noun to the left. When we have processed the last noun, we also propagate its property value to any adjectives to the right (to handle e.g. [[anděl strážný]] "guardian angel", where the adjective [[strážný]] should inherit the 'masculine' and 'animate' properties of [[anděl]]). Finally, we set the property value for the multiword spec itself by combining all the non-nil properties of the individual elements. If all non-nil properties have the same value, the result is that value, otherwise it is `mixed_value` (which is "mixed" for animacy and gender, but "both" for number). 3. When we encounter an alternant spec in this process, we recursively process each alternant (which is a multiword spec) using the previous step, and combine any non-nil properties we encounter the same way as for multiword specs. 4. The effect of steps 2 and 3 is to set the property of each alternant and multiword spec based on its children or its neighbors. ]=] local function propagate_properties(alternant_multiword_spec, property, default_propval, mixed_value) propagate_multiword_properties(alternant_multiword_spec, property, mixed_value, "nouns only") propagate_multiword_properties(alternant_multiword_spec, property, mixed_value, false) propagate_properties_downward(alternant_multiword_spec, property, default_propval) end local function determine_noun_status(alternant_multiword_spec) for i, alternant_or_word_spec in ipairs(alternant_multiword_spec.alternant_or_word_specs) do if alternant_or_word_spec.alternants then local is_noun = false for _, multiword_spec in ipairs(alternant_or_word_spec.alternants) do for j, word_spec in ipairs(multiword_spec.word_specs) do if is_regular_noun(word_spec) then multiword_spec.first_noun = j is_noun = true break end end end if is_noun then alternant_multiword_spec.first_noun = i end elseif is_regular_noun(alternant_or_word_spec) then alternant_multiword_spec.first_noun = i return end end end -- Set the part of speech based on properties of the individual words. local function set_pos(alternant_multiword_spec) if alternant_multiword_spec.args.pos then alternant_multiword_spec.pos = alternant_multiword_spec.args.pos elseif alternant_multiword_spec.saw_pron and not alternant_multiword_spec.saw_non_pron then alternant_multiword_spec.pos = "pronoun" elseif alternant_multiword_spec.saw_det and not alternant_multiword_spec.saw_non_det then alternant_multiword_spec.pos = "determiner" elseif alternant_multiword_spec.saw_num and not alternant_multiword_spec.saw_non_num then alternant_multiword_spec.pos = "numeral" else alternant_multiword_spec.pos = "名詞" end alternant_multiword_spec.plpos = require("モジュール:string utilities").pluralize(alternant_multiword_spec.pos) end local function normalize_all_lemmas(alternant_multiword_spec, pagename) iut.map_word_specs(alternant_multiword_spec, function(base) if base.lemma == "" then base.lemma = pagename end base.orig_lemma = base.lemma base.orig_lemma_no_links = m_links.remove_links(base.lemma) local lemma = base.orig_lemma_no_links -- If the lemma is all-uppercase, lowercase it but note this, so that later in combine_stem_ending() we convert it -- back to uppercase. This allows us to handle all-uppercase acronyms without a lot of extra complexity. -- FIXME: This may not make sense at all. if uupper(lemma) == lemma then base.all_uppercase = true lemma = ulower(lemma) end base.user_specified_lemma = lemma base.lemma = base.decllemma or lemma end) end local function decline_noun(base) for _, stems in ipairs(base.stem_sets) do if not decls[base.decl] then error("Internal error: Unrecognized declension type '" .. base.decl .. "'") end decls[base.decl](base, stems) end handle_derived_slots_and_overrides(base) end local function get_variants(form) return nil --[=[ FIXME return form:find(com.VAR1) and "var1" or form:find(com.VAR2) and "var2" or form:find(com.VAR3) and "var3" or nil ]=] end -- Compute the categories to add the noun to, as well as the annotation to display in the -- declension title bar. We combine the code to do these functions as both categories and -- title bar contain similar information. local function compute_categories_and_annotation(alternant_multiword_spec) local all_cats = {} local function insert(cattype) m_table.insertIfNot(all_cats, "チェコ語 " .. cattype) end if alternant_multiword_spec.pos == "noun" then if alternant_multiword_spec.number == "sg" then insert("不可算名詞") elseif alternant_multiword_spec.number == "pl" then insert("pluralia tantum") end end local annotation local annparts = {} local decldescs = {} local vowelalts = {} local foreign = {} local irregs = {} local stemspecs = {} local reducible = nil local function get_genanim(gender, animacy) local gender_code_to_desc = { m = "男性名詞", f = "女性名詞", n = "中性名詞", none = nil, } local animacy_code_to_desc = { an = "有生", inan = "非有生", none = nil, } local descs = {} table.insert(descs, gender_code_to_desc[gender]) if gender ~= "f" and gender ~= "n" then -- masculine or "none" (e.g. certain pronouns and numerals) table.insert(descs, animacy_code_to_desc[animacy]) end return table.concat(descs, " ") end local function trim(text) text = text:gsub(" +", " ") return mw.text.trim(text) end local function do_word_spec(base) local actual_genanim = get_genanim(base.user_specified_gender, base.user_specified_animacy) local declined_genanim = get_genanim(base.gender, base.animacy) local genanim if actual_genanim ~= declined_genanim then genanim = ("%s (declined as %s)"):format(actual_genanim, declined_genanim) insert("nouns with actual gender different from declined gender") else genanim = actual_genanim end if base.user_specified_gender == "m" then -- Insert a category for 'Czech masculine animate nouns' or 'Czech masculine inanimate nouns'; the base categories -- [[:Category:Czech masculine nouns]], [[:Czech animate nouns]] are auto-inserted. insert(actual_genanim .. " ") end for _, stems in ipairs(base.stem_sets) do local props = declprops[base.decl] local cats = props.cat if type(cats) == "function" then cats = cats(base, stems) end if type(cats) == "string" then cats = {cats} end local default_desc for i, cat in ipairs(cats) do if not cat:find("GENDER") and not cat:find("GENPOS") and not cat:find("POS") then cat = cat .. " GENPOS" end cat = cat:gsub("GENPOS", "GENDER POS") if not cat:find("POS") then cat = cat .. " POS" end if i == #cats then default_desc = cat:gsub(" POS", "") end cat = cat:gsub("GENDER", actual_genanim) cat = cat:gsub("POS", "") -- Need to trim `cat` because actual_genanim may be an empty string. insert(trim(cat)) end local desc = props.desc if type(desc) == "function" then desc = desc(base, stems) end desc = desc or default_desc desc = desc:gsub("GENDER", genanim) -- Need to trim `desc` because genanim may be an empty string. m_table.insertIfNot(decldescs, trim(desc)) local vowelalt if stems.vowelalt == "quant" then vowelalt = "quant-alt" insert("nouns with quantitative vowel alternation") elseif stems.vowelalt == "quant-ě" then vowelalt = "í-ě-alt" insert("nouns with í-ě alternation") end if vowelalt then m_table.insertIfNot(vowelalts, vowelalt) end if reducible == nil then reducible = stems.reducible elseif reducible ~= stems.reducible then reducible = "mixed" end if stems.reducible then insert("nouns with reducible stem") end if base.foreign then m_table.insertIfNot(foreign, "外来語活用") if not base.decllemma then -- NOTE: there are nouns that use both 'foreign' and 'decllemma', e.g. [[Zeus]]. insert("名詞 規則外来語活用") end end -- User-specified 'decllemma:' indicates irregular stem. Don't consider foreign nouns in -us/-os/-es, -um/-on or -- silent -e (e.g. [[software]]) where this ending is simply dropped in oblique and plural forms as irregular; -- there are too many of these and they are already categorized above as 'nouns with regular foreign declension'. if base.decllemma then m_table.insertIfNot(irregs, "irreg-stem") insert("nouns with irregular stem") end m_table.insertIfNot(stemspecs, stems.vowel_stem) end end local key_entry = alternant_multiword_spec.first_noun or 1 if #alternant_multiword_spec.alternant_or_word_specs >= key_entry then local alternant_or_word_spec = alternant_multiword_spec.alternant_or_word_specs[key_entry] if alternant_or_word_spec.alternants then for _, multiword_spec in ipairs(alternant_or_word_spec.alternants) do key_entry = multiword_spec.first_noun or 1 if #multiword_spec.word_specs >= key_entry then do_word_spec(multiword_spec.word_specs[key_entry]) end end else do_word_spec(alternant_or_word_spec) end end if alternant_multiword_spec.number == "sg" or alternant_multiword_spec.number == "pl" then -- not "both" or "none" (for [[sebe]]) table.insert(annparts, alternant_multiword_spec.number == "sg" and "単数形のみ" or "複数形のみ") end if #decldescs == 0 then table.insert(annparts, "indecl") else table.insert(annparts, table.concat(decldescs, " // ")) end if #vowelalts > 0 then table.insert(annparts, table.concat(vowelalts, "/")) end if reducible == "mixed" then table.insert(annparts, "mixed-reducible") elseif reducible then table.insert(annparts, "reducible") end if #foreign > 0 then table.insert(annparts, table.concat(foreign, " // ")) end if #irregs > 0 then table.insert(annparts, table.concat(irregs, " // ")) end alternant_multiword_spec.annotation = table.concat(annparts, " ") if #stemspecs > 1 then insert("nouns with multiple stems") end if alternant_multiword_spec.number == "both" and not m_table.deepEquals(alternant_multiword_spec.sg_genders, alternant_multiword_spec.pl_genders) then insert("nouns that change gender in the plural") end alternant_multiword_spec.categories = all_cats end local function show_forms(alternant_multiword_spec) local lemmas = {} for _, slot in ipairs(potential_lemma_slots) do if alternant_multiword_spec.forms[slot] then for _, formobj in ipairs(alternant_multiword_spec.forms[slot]) do -- FIXME, now can support footnotes as qualifiers in headwords? table.insert(lemmas, formobj.form) end break end end local props = { lemmas = lemmas, slot_table = alternant_multiword_spec.output_noun_slots, lang = lang, canonicalize = function(form) -- return com.remove_variant_codes(form) return form end, } iut.show_forms(alternant_multiword_spec.forms, props) end local function make_table(alternant_multiword_spec) local forms = alternant_multiword_spec.forms local function template_prelude(min_width) return rsub([=[ <div> <div class="NavFrame" style="display: inline-block; min-width: MINWIDTHem"> <div class="NavHead" style="background:#eff7ff">{title}{annotation}</div> <div class="NavContent"> {\op}| style="background:#F9F9F9;text-align:center;min-width:MINWIDTHem" class="inflection-table" |- ]=], "MINWIDTH", min_width) end local function template_postlude() return [=[ |{\cl}{notes_clause}</div></div></div>]=] end local table_spec_both = template_prelude("45") .. [=[ ! style="width:33%;background:#d9ebff" | ! style="background:#d9ebff" | 単数 ! style="background:#d9ebff" | 複数 |- !style="background:#eff7ff"|主格 | {nom_s} | {nom_p} |- !style="background:#eff7ff"|生格 | {gen_s} | {gen_p} |- !style="background:#eff7ff"|与格 | {dat_s} | {dat_p} |- !style="background:#eff7ff"|対格 | {acc_s} | {acc_p} |- !style="background:#eff7ff"|呼格 | {voc_s} | {voc_p} |- !style="background:#eff7ff"|前置格 | {loc_s} | {loc_p} |- !style="background:#eff7ff"|造格 | {ins_s} | {ins_p} ]=] .. template_postlude() local function get_table_spec_one_number(number, numcode) local table_spec_one_number = [=[ ! style="width:33%;background:#d9ebff" | ! style="background:#d9ebff" | NUMBER |- !style="background:#eff7ff"|主格 | {nom_CODE} |- !style="background:#eff7ff"|生格 | {gen_CODE} |- !style="background:#eff7ff"|与格 | {dat_CODE} |- !style="background:#eff7ff"|対格 | {acc_CODE} |- !style="background:#eff7ff"|呼格 | {voc_CODE} |- !style="background:#eff7ff"|前置格 | {loc_CODE} |- !style="background:#eff7ff"|造格 | {ins_CODE} ]=] return template_prelude("30") .. table_spec_one_number:gsub("NUMBER", number):gsub("CODE", numcode) .. template_postlude() end local function get_table_spec_one_number_clitic(number, numcode) local table_spec_one_number_clitic = [=[ ! rowspan=2 style="width:33%;background:#d9ebff"| ! colspan=2 style="background:#d9ebff" | NUMBER |- ! style="width:33%;background:#d9ebff" | 強勢あり ! style="background:#d9ebff" | clitic |- !style="background:#eff7ff"|主格 | colspan=2 | {nom_CODE} |- !style="background:#eff7ff"|生格 | {gen_CODE} | {clitic_gen_CODE} |- !style="background:#eff7ff"|与格 | {dat_CODE} | {clitic_dat_CODE} |- !style="background:#eff7ff"|対格 | {acc_CODE} | {clitic_acc_CODE} |- !style="background:#eff7ff"|呼格 | colspan=2 | {voc_CODE} |- !style="background:#eff7ff"|前置格 | colspan=2 | {loc_CODE} |- !style="background:#eff7ff"|造格 | colspan=2 | {ins_CODE} ]=] return template_prelude("40") .. table_spec_one_number_clitic:gsub("NUMBER", number):gsub("CODE", numcode) .. template_postlude() end local notes_template = [=[ <div style="width:100%;text-align:left;background:#d9ebff"> <div style="display:inline-block;text-align:left;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em"> {footnote} </div></div> ]=] if alternant_multiword_spec.title then forms.title = alternant_multiword_spec.title else forms.title = '<i lang="cs">' .. forms.lemma .. 'の格変化</i>' end local annotation = alternant_multiword_spec.annotation if annotation == "" then forms.annotation = "" else forms.annotation = " (<span style=\"font-size: smaller;\">" .. annotation .. "</span>)" end local number, numcode if alternant_multiword_spec.number == "sg" then number, numcode = "singular", "s" elseif alternant_multiword_spec.number == "pl" then number, numcode = "plural", "p" elseif alternant_multiword_spec.number == "none" then -- used for [[sebe]] number, numcode = "", "s" end local table_spec = alternant_multiword_spec.number == "both" and table_spec_both or alternant_multiword_spec.has_clitic and get_table_spec_one_number_clitic(number, numcode) or get_table_spec_one_number(number, numcode) forms.notes_clause = forms.footnote ~= "" and m_string_utilities.format(notes_template, forms) or "" return m_string_utilities.format(table_spec, forms) end local function compute_headword_genders(alternant_multiword_spec) local genders = {} local number if alternant_multiword_spec.number == "pl" then number = "-p" else number = "" end iut.map_word_specs(alternant_multiword_spec, function(base) local animacy = base.animacy if animacy == "inan" then animacy = "in" end m_table.insertIfNot(genders, base.gender .. "-" .. animacy .. number) end) return genders end -- Externally callable function to parse and decline a noun given user-specified arguments. -- Return value is ALTERNANT_MULTIWORD_SPEC, an object where the declined forms are in -- `ALTERNANT_MULTIWORD_SPEC.forms` for each slot. If there are no values for a slot, the -- slot key will be missing. The value for a given slot is a list of objects -- {form=FORM, footnotes=FOOTNOTES}. function export.do_generate_forms(parent_args, from_headword) local params = { [1] = {required = true, default = "bůh<m.an.#.voce>"}, title = {}, pagename = {}, json = {type = "boolean"}, pos = {}, } if from_headword then params["head"] = {list = true} params["lemma"] = {list = true} params["g"] = {list = true} params["f"] = {list = true} params["m"] = {list = true} params["adj"] = {list = true} params["dim"] = {list = true} params["id"] = {} end local args = m_para.process(parent_args, params) local parse_props = { parse_indicator_spec = parse_indicator_spec, angle_brackets_omittable = true, allow_blank_lemma = true, } local alternant_multiword_spec = iut.parse_inflected_text(args[1], parse_props) alternant_multiword_spec.title = args.title alternant_multiword_spec.args = args local pagename = args.pagename or from_headword and args.head[1] or mw.title.getCurrentTitle().subpageText normalize_all_lemmas(alternant_multiword_spec, pagename) set_all_defaults_and_check_bad_indicators(alternant_multiword_spec) -- These need to happen before detect_all_indicator_specs() so that adjectives get their genders and numbers set -- appropriately, which are needed to correctly synthesize the adjective lemma. propagate_properties(alternant_multiword_spec, "animacy", "inan", "mixed") propagate_properties(alternant_multiword_spec, "number", "both", "both") -- FIXME, the default value (third param) used to be 'm' with a comment indicating that this applied only to -- plural adjectives, where it didn't matter; but in Czech, plural adjectives are distinguished for gender and -- animacy. Make sure 'mixed' works. propagate_properties(alternant_multiword_spec, "gender", "mixed", "mixed") detect_all_indicator_specs(alternant_multiword_spec) determine_noun_status(alternant_multiword_spec) set_pos(alternant_multiword_spec) alternant_multiword_spec.output_noun_slots = get_output_noun_slots(alternant_multiword_spec) local inflect_props = { skip_slot = function(slot) return skip_slot(alternant_multiword_spec.number, slot) end, slot_table = alternant_multiword_spec.output_noun_slots, get_variants = get_variants, inflect_word_spec = decline_noun, } iut.inflect_multiword_or_alternant_multiword_spec(alternant_multiword_spec, inflect_props) compute_categories_and_annotation(alternant_multiword_spec) alternant_multiword_spec.genders = compute_headword_genders(alternant_multiword_spec) if args.json then alternant_multiword_spec.args = nil return require("モジュール:JSON").toJSON(alternant_multiword_spec) end return alternant_multiword_spec end -- Entry point for {{cs-ndecl}}. Template-callable function to parse and decline a noun given -- user-specified arguments and generate a displayable table of the declined forms. function export.show(frame) local parent_args = frame:getParent().args local alternant_multiword_spec = export.do_generate_forms(parent_args) if type(alternant_multiword_spec) == "string" then -- JSON return value return alternant_multiword_spec end show_forms(alternant_multiword_spec) return make_table(alternant_multiword_spec) .. require("モジュール:utilities").format_categories(alternant_multiword_spec.categories, lang, nil, nil, force_cat) end return export nnsa4ta5gecafolys4glbrutvmku3hw 2278538 2278536 2026-06-02T11:34:53Z Kuroco2k 84207 2278538 Scribunto text/plain local export = {} --[=[ Authorship: Ben Wing <benwing2> ]=] --[=[ TERMINOLOGY: -- "slot" = A particular combination of case/number. Example slot names for nouns are "gen_s" (genitive singular) and "voc_p" (vocative plural). Each slot is filled with zero or more forms. -- "form" = The declined Czech form representing the value of a given slot. -- "lemma" = The dictionary form of a given Czech term. Generally the nominative masculine singular, but may occasionally be another form if the nominative masculine singular is missing. ]=] --[=[ FIXME: 1. Finish synthesize_singular_lemma(). [DONE] 2. Implement feminines in -ea, -oa/-ua, -ia, -oe. [DONE] 3. Implement "mixed" masculine nouns in -l, -n, -t (each different, also inanimate vs. animate). [DONE] 4. Allow 'stem:' override after vowel-final words like [[centurio]]. [DONE using decllemma:] 5. Support masculine foreign nouns in -us/-os/-es. [DONE] 6. Support masculine foreign nouns in -ius/-etc. [DONE] 7. Support masculine foreign nouns in unpronounced final -e (e.g. [[software]]). [DONE] 8. Support neuter foreign nouns in -um/-on. [DONE] 9. Support neuter foreign nouns in -ium/-ion. [DONE] 10. Support paired body parts, e.g. [[ruka]], [[noha]], [[oko]], [[ucho]], [[koleno]], [[rameno]]. [WON'T DO; JUST SEPARATE THE MEANINGS AND GIVE THEM DIFFERENT DECLENSIONS] 11. Support masculine nouns in -e/ě that are neuter in the plural. [DONE] 12. Correctly handle -e vs. -ě, e.g. soft neuters have both [[kutě]] and [[poledne]]. [DONE] 13. Always use specified lemma in nom_pl and maybe acc_pl when plurale tantum. [DONE] 14. Support feminine nouns in -ca/-ča/-ša/-ža. [DONE] 15. Support feminine nouns in -ja/-ňa. [DONE] 16. Support mixed i-stem feminine nouns. [DONE] 17. Support "c as k" feminine nouns like [[ayahuasca]]. 18. Support 'declgender'. [DONE] 19. Support pronouns with clitics. [DONE] 20. Singular-only and plural-only terms should not have number in accelerator form. [DONE] 21. Support [[úterý]] (like neuters in -í). [DONE] 22. Support feminines in -i ([[máti]], [[pramáti]]). [DONE] 23. Support foreign nouns in -ie ([[zombie]], [[hippie]], [[yuppie]]). [DONE] 24. Support foreign nouns in -í ([[muftí]], [[qádí]]). [DONE] 25. Support manual declensions. [DONE] 26. Support numerals. [DONE] 27. Allow for reducible spec in pluralia tantum and dereduce accordingly; also automatically assign reducibility if singular stem ends in -Ck or -Cc. [DONE] 28. Use `pos` value in all categories. 29. Support determiners [[kolik]], [[tolik]], [[několik]], [[mnoho]]. [DONE] 30. Support a '.velar' indicator for foreign names whose pronunciation but not spelling ends in a velar: [[Remarque]], [[Braque]], [[Mike]], [[Drake]], [[Jake]] with vocative 'Remarquu', 'Braquu', 'Mikeu', 'Drakeu', 'Jakeu'. In general we need more thought around such foreign names; essentially, for names in a silent e, sometimes the -e is dropped in all oblique forms (e.g. [[Shakespeare]], [[Pierre]], [[Barrande]], [[La Fontaine]], [[Braque]], [[Remarque]] with gen sg 'Shakespeara', 'Pierra', Barranda', 'La Fontaina', 'Braqua', 'Remarqua') and sometimes it's kept in all oblique forms except those ending in an -e, where -ee is avoided (e.g. [[Pete]], [[Gable]], [[Jake]], [[White]], [[Byrne]], [[Mike]], [[Drake]] with gen sg 'Petea', 'Gablea' etc. and voc sg 'Pete', 'Gable' but 'Jakeu', 'Mikeu'). Sometimes there are doublets, e.g. [[Hubble]] and [[Hume]] have gen sg 'Hubbla/Hubblea' (where the second form is used among astronomers in a technical sense and the first form may be more popular) and 'Huma/Humea'. We already have a '.foreign' indicator that when applied to a noun ending in -e drops the -e in oblique forms e.g. for [[software]]. We may need to combine this with an explicit indicator of hard, soft or velar as there will be names with silent -e and preceding soft consonant e.g. [[Bruce]], [[Coleridge]]. Note that when the -e is kept it is still dropped before front vowels, hence dat sg 'Bruci'/Bruceovi'. Need some investigation in IJP and cswikt. ]=] local lang = require("モジュール:languages").getByCode("cs") local m_table = require("モジュール:table") local m_links = require("モジュール:links") local m_string_utilities = require("モジュール:string utilities") local iut = require("モジュール:inflection utilities") local put = require("モジュール:parse utilities") local m_para = require("モジュール:parameters") local com = require("モジュール:cs-common") local current_title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle() local NAMESPACE = current_title.nsText local PAGENAME = current_title.text local u = mw.ustring.char local rsplit = mw.text.split local rfind = mw.ustring.find local rmatch = mw.ustring.match local rgmatch = mw.ustring.gmatch local rsubn = mw.ustring.gsub local ulen = mw.ustring.len local usub = mw.ustring.sub local uupper = mw.ustring.upper local ulower = mw.ustring.lower local force_cat = false -- set to true to make categories appear in non-mainspace pages, for testing -- version of rsubn() that discards all but the first return value local function rsub(term, foo, bar) local retval = rsubn(term, foo, bar) return retval end -- version of rsubn() that returns a 2nd argument boolean indicating whether -- a substitution was made. local function rsubb(term, foo, bar) local retval, nsubs = rsubn(term, foo, bar) return retval, nsubs > 0 end local function track(track_id) require("モジュール:debug/track")("cs-noun/" .. track_id) return true end local output_noun_slots = { nom_s = "nom|s", nom_s_linked = "nom|s", gen_s = "gen|s", gen_s_linked = "gen|s", clitic_gen_s = "clitic|gen|s", dat_s = "dat|s", clitic_dat_s = "clitic|dat|s", acc_s = "acc|s", clitic_acc_s = "clitic|acc|s", voc_s = "voc|s", loc_s = "loc|s", ins_s = "ins|s", nom_p = "nom|p", nom_p_linked = "nom|p", gen_p = "gen|p", dat_p = "dat|p", acc_p = "acc|p", voc_p = "voc|p", loc_p = "loc|p", ins_p = "ins|p", } local function get_output_noun_slots(alternant_multiword_spec) -- FIXME: To save memory we modify the table in-place. This won't work if we ever end up with multiple calls to -- this module in the same Lua invocation, and we would need to clone the table. if alternant_multiword_spec.number ~= "both" then for slot, accel_form in pairs(output_noun_slots) do output_noun_slots[slot] = accel_form:gsub("|[sp]$", "") end end return output_noun_slots end local potential_lemma_slots = {"nom_s", "nom_p", "gen_s"} local cases = { nom = true, gen = true, dat = true, acc = true, voc = true, loc = true, ins = true, } local clitic_cases = { gen = true, dat = true, acc = true, } local function dereduce(stem) local dereduced_stem = com.dereduce(stem) if not dereduced_stem then error("Unable to dereduce stem '" .. stem .. "'") end return dereduced_stem end --[=[ Maybe modify the stem and/or ending in certain special cases: 1. Final -e in vocative singular triggers first palatalization of the stem in some cases (e.g. hard masc). 2. Endings beginning with ě, i, í trigger second palatalization, as does -e in the loc_s. NOTE: Correctly handling -e vs. -ě and -tdn/-ťďň alternations is tricky. We have to deal with the following: 1. Soft-stem and t-stem neuters can have either -e or -ě. With coronals we have both [[poledne]] "noon" with /n/ and [[kutě]] "bed" with /ť/. We also have soft-stem neuter [[Labe]] with /b/ vs. t-stem neuter [[hříbě]] with /bj/. 2. Underlying palatal coronals maintain their nature before back vowels and when not followed by a vowel, e.g. [[štěně]] "puppy" becomes 'štěňata' in the nom/acc/voc plural and [[přítelkyně]] "girlfriend" becomes 'přítelkyň' in the gen plural, but underlying palatal labials become non-palatal, e.g. [[hříbě]] "foal" becomes 'hříbata' in the nom/acc/voc plural. 3. There are at least four types of endings beginning with '-e': a. "maintaining" endings, e.g. instrumental singular '-em', which do not change the nature of the consonant, e.g. [[zákon]] "law" becomes 'zákonem' while [[vězeň]] "prisoner" becomes 'vězeněm'; b. "palatalizing" endings, e.g. locative singular '-e', which palatalizes t/d/n (and more generally applies the Slavic second palatalization, e.g. k -> c, r -> ř), e.g. [[žena]] "woman" becomes 'ženě'; c. "depalatalizing" endings, e.g. feminine i-stem dative plural '-em', which actively depalatalize ť/ď/ň, e.g. [[oběť]] "sacrifice, victim" becomes 'obětem'; d. vocative singular '-e' of hard-stem masculines, which applies the Slavic first palatalization in some circumstances (e.g. k -> č, Cr -> Cř, sometimes c -> č). The way we handle this as follows: 1. We maintain the underlying stems always in their "pronounced" form, i.e. if the last consonant is pronounced ť/ď/ň we maintain the stem in that form, but if pronounced t/d/n, we use those consonants. Hence neuter [[poledne]] "noon" has stem 'poledn-' but neuter [[štěně]] "puppy" has stem 'štěň'. If the stem ends in labial + /j/, we use a special TEMP_SOFT_LABIAL character after the labial (rather than 'j', in case of stems that actually have a written 'j' in them such as [[banjo]]). 2. We signal types (a), (b) and (c) above using respectively 'e', 'ě' and 'E'. Type (d) uses 'e' and sets `base.palatalize_voc`. 3. In combine_stem_ending(), we convert the stem back to the written form before adding the ending. If the ending begins with -e, this may entail converting -e to -ě, and in all cases -E is converted to -e. "Converting to the written form" converts ť/ď/ň to plain equivalents and deletes TEMP_SOFT_LABIAL before -e, converting -e to -ě with such consonants. The same conversions happen before other front consonants -ě/-é/-i/-í, which don't allow ť/ď/ň to precede, and in all cases with TEMP_SOFT_LABIAL, which is not an actual consonant. 4. If the ending is specified using -ě, this is maintained after plain coronals and labials in combine_stem_ending(), and converted to -e in other cases. 5. Applying the first and second palatalization happens below in apply_special_cases(). ]=] local function apply_special_cases(base, slot, stem, ending) local palatalize_voc if slot == "voc_s" and ending == "e" and base.palatalize_voc then local palstem = com.apply_first_palatalization(stem) -- According to IJP, nouns ending in -Cr palatalize in the vocative, but those in -Vr don't. In reality, -- though, it's more complex. It appears that animate nouns in -Cr tend to palatalize but inanimate nouns -- do it optionally. Specifics: -- -- Inanimate nouns with optional palatalization (ř listed second): [[alabastr]], [[amfiteátr]], [[barometr]], -- [[centilitr]], [[centrimetr]], [[decilitr]], [[decimetr]], [[Dněstr]], [[filtr]], [[galvanometr]], -- [[hektolitr]], [[kalorimetr]], [[litr]], [[lustr]], [[manometr]], [[manšestr]], [[metr]] (NOTE: is both -- animate and inanimate), [[mikrometr]], [[miliampérmetr]], [[mililitr]], [[nanometr]], [[orchestr]], -- [[parametr]], [[piastr]], [[půllitr]], [[radiometr]], [[registr]], [[rotmistr]], [[semestr]], [[skútr]], -- [[spirometr]], [[svetr]], [[šutr]], [[tachometr]], [[titr]], [[vítr]] (NOTE: has í-ě alternation), -- [[voltmetr]]; [[bagr]], [[bunkr]], [[cedr]], [[Dněpr]], [[fofr]], [[habr]] (NOTE: ř listed first), [[hadr]] -- (NOTE: ř listed first), [[hamr]], [[kafr]], [[kepr]], [[kopr]], [[koriandr]], [[krekr]], [[kufr]], -- [[Kypr]], [[lágr]], [[lógr]], [[manévr]], [[masakr]], [[okr]], [[oleandr]], [[pulovr]], [[šlágr]], -- [[vichr]] (NOTE: ř listed first), [[žánr]] -- -- -- Inanimate nouns that don't palatalize: [[ampérmetr]], [[anemometr]], [[sfygmomanometr]], [[sfygmometr]]; -- [[dodekaedr]], [[Hamr]], [[ikozaedr]], [[kvádr]], [[sandr]], [[torr]] -- -- -- Animate nouns that palatalize: [[arbitr]], [[bratr]], [[ekonometr]], [[foniatr]], [[fotr]], [[geometr]], -- [[kmotr]], [[lotr]], [[magistr]], [[metr]] (NOTE: is both animate and inanimate), [[ministr]], [[mistr]], -- [[pediatr]], [[Petr]], [[psychiatr]], [[purkmistr]], [[setr]], [[šamstr]]; [[bobr]], [[fajnšmekr]], -- [[humr]], [[hypochondr]], [[kapr]], [[lídr]], [[negr]], [[obr]], [[salamandr]], [[sólokapr]], [[švagr]], -- [[tygr]], [[zlobr]], [[zubr]] -- -- -- Animate nouns with optional palatalization (ř listed first): [[Silvestr]]; [[Alexandr]], [[snajpr]] -- -- Note the inconsistencies, e.g. [[sfygmomanometr]] and [[ampérmetr]] don't palatalize but [[manometr]] and -- [[miliampérmetr]] do it optionally. In reality, inanimate vocatives are extremely rare so this may not be the -- final word. if base.animacy == "inan" and rfind(stem, com.cons_c .. "r$") and not rfind(stem, "rr$") then -- optional r -> ř stem = {stem, palstem} else stem = palstem end elseif rfind(ending, "^[ěií]") or slot == "loc_s" and ending == "e" then if rfind(stem, "ck$") and rfind(base.lemma, "ck$") then -- IJP says nouns in -ck (back, comeback, crack, deadlock, hatchback, hattrick, joystick, paperback, quarterback, -- rock, soundtrack, track, truck) simplify the resulting -cc ending in the loc_p to -c. Similarly [[quarterback]] -- has nom_pl 'quarterbaci, quarterbackove'. We need to check the lemma as well because nouns in -cek don't do this. stem = rsub(stem, "ck$", "k") end -- loc_s of hard masculines is sometimes -e/ě; the user might indicate this as -e, which we should handle -- correctly stem = com.apply_second_palatalization(stem) end return stem, ending end local function skip_slot(number, slot) return number == "sg" and rfind(slot, "_p$") or number == "pl" and rfind(slot, "_s$") end -- Basic function to combine stem(s) and ending(s) and insert the result into the appropriate slot. `stems` is either -- the `stems` object passed into the declension functions (containing the various stems; see below) or a string to -- override the stem. (NOTE: If you pass a string in as `stems`, you should pass the value of `stems.footnotes` as the -- value of `footnotes` as it will be lost otherwise. If you need to supply your own footnote in addition, use -- iut.combine_footnotes() to combine any user-specified footnote(s) with your footnote(s).) `endings` is either a -- string specifying a single ending or a list of endings. If `endings` is nil, no forms are inserted. If an ending is -- "-", the value of `stems` is ignored and the lemma is used instead as the stem; this is important in case the user -- used `decllemma:` to specify a declension lemma different from the actual lemma, or specified '.foreign' (which has -- a similar effect). local function add(base, slot, stems, endings, footnotes) if not endings then return end if skip_slot(base.number, slot) then return end local stems_footnotes = type(stems) == "table" and stems.footnotes or nil footnotes = iut.combine_footnotes(iut.combine_footnotes(base.footnotes, stems_footnotes), footnotes) if type(endings) == "string" then endings = {endings} end for _, ending in ipairs(endings) do -- Compute the stem. If ending is "-", use the lemma regardless. Otherwise if `stems` is a string, use it. -- Otherwise `stems` is an object containing four stems (vowel-vs-non-vowel cross regular-vs-oblique); -- compute the appropriate stem based on the slot and whether the ending begins with a vowel. local stem if ending == "-" then stem = base.user_specified_lemma ending = "" elseif type(stems) == "string" then stem = stems else local is_vowel_ending = rfind(ending, "^" .. com.vowel_c) if stems.oblique_slots == "all" or (stems.oblique_slots == "gen_p" or stems.oblique_slots == "all-oblique") and slot == "gen_p" or stems.oblique_slots == "all-oblique" and (slot == "ins_s" or slot == "dat_p" or slot == "loc_p" or slot == "ins_p") then if is_vowel_ending then stem = stems.oblique_vowel_stem else stem = stems.oblique_nonvowel_stem end elseif is_vowel_ending then stem = stems.vowel_stem else stem = stems.nonvowel_stem end end -- Maybe apply the first or second Slavic palatalization. stem, ending = apply_special_cases(base, slot, stem, ending) ending = iut.combine_form_and_footnotes(ending, footnotes) local function combine_stem_ending(stem, ending) return com.combine_stem_ending(base, slot, stem, ending) end iut.add_forms(base.forms, slot, stem, ending, combine_stem_ending) end end local function process_slot_overrides(base, do_slot) for slot, overrides in pairs(base.overrides) do if skip_slot(base.number, slot) then error("Override specified for invalid slot '" .. slot .. "' due to '" .. base.number .. "' number restriction") end if do_slot(slot) then base.slot_overridden[slot] = true base.forms[slot] = nil for _, override in ipairs(overrides) do for _, value in ipairs(override.values) do local form = value.form local combined_notes = iut.combine_footnotes(base.footnotes, value.footnotes) if override.full then if form ~= "" then iut.insert_form(base.forms, slot, {form = form, footnotes = combined_notes}) end else -- Convert a null ending to "-" in the acc/voc sg slots so that e.g. [[Kerberos]] declared as -- <m.sg.foreign.gena:u.acc-:a> works correctly and generates accusative 'Kerberos/Kerbera' not -- #'Kerber/Kerbera'. if (slot == "acc_s" or slot == "voc_s") and form == "" then form = "-" end for _, stems in ipairs(base.stem_sets) do add(base, slot, stems, form, combined_notes) end end end end end end end local function add_decl(base, stems, gen_s, dat_s, acc_s, voc_s, loc_s, ins_s, nom_p, gen_p, dat_p, acc_p, loc_p, ins_p, footnotes ) add(base, "nom_s", stems, "-", footnotes) add(base, "gen_s", stems, gen_s, footnotes) add(base, "dat_s", stems, dat_s, footnotes) add(base, "acc_s", stems, acc_s, footnotes) add(base, "voc_s", stems, voc_s, footnotes) add(base, "loc_s", stems, loc_s, footnotes) add(base, "ins_s", stems, ins_s, footnotes) if base.number == "pl" then -- If this is a plurale tantum noun and we're processing the nominative plural, use the user-specified lemma -- rather than generating the plural from the synthesized singular, which may not match the specified lemma -- (e.g. [[tvargle]] "Olomouc cheese" using <m.pl.mixed> would try to generate 'tvargle/tvargly', and [[peníze]] -- "money" using <m.pl.#ě.genpl-> would try to generate 'peněze'). local acc_p_like_nom = m_table.deepEquals(nom_p, acc_p) nom_p = "-" if acc_p_like_nom then acc_p = "-" end end add(base, "nom_p", stems, nom_p, footnotes) add(base, "gen_p", stems, gen_p, footnotes) add(base, "dat_p", stems, dat_p, footnotes) add(base, "acc_p", stems, acc_p, footnotes) add(base, "loc_p", stems, loc_p, footnotes) add(base, "ins_p", stems, ins_p, footnotes) end local function add_sg_decl(base, stems, gen_s, dat_s, acc_s, voc_s, loc_s, ins_s, footnotes ) add_decl(base, stems, gen_s, dat_s, acc_s, voc_s, loc_s, ins_s, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, footnotes) end local function add_pl_only_decl(base, stems, gen_p, dat_p, acc_p, loc_p, ins_p, footnotes ) add_decl(base, stems, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, "-", gen_p, dat_p, acc_p, loc_p, ins_p, footnotes) end local function add_sg_decl_with_clitic(base, stems, gen_s, clitic_gen_s, dat_s, clitic_dat_s, acc_s, clitic_acc_s, voc_s, loc_s, ins_s, footnotes, no_nom_s ) if not no_nom_s then add(base, "nom_s", stems, "-", footnotes) end add(base, "gen_s", stems, gen_s, footnotes) add(base, "clitic_gen_s", stems, clitic_gen_s, footnotes) add(base, "dat_s", stems, dat_s, footnotes) add(base, "clitic_dat_s", stems, clitic_dat_s, footnotes) add(base, "acc_s", stems, acc_s, footnotes) add(base, "clitic_acc_s", stems, clitic_acc_s, footnotes) add(base, "voc_s", stems, voc_s, footnotes) add(base, "loc_s", stems, loc_s, footnotes) add(base, "ins_s", stems, ins_s, footnotes) end local function handle_derived_slots_and_overrides(base) local function is_non_derived_slot(slot) return slot ~= "voc_p" and slot ~= "acc_s" and slot ~= "clitic_acc_s" end local function is_derived_slot(slot) return not is_non_derived_slot(slot) end base.slot_overridden = {} -- Handle overrides for the non-derived slots. Do this before generating the derived -- slots so overrides of the source slots (e.g. nom_p) propagate to the derived slots. process_slot_overrides(base, is_non_derived_slot) -- Generate the remaining slots that are derived from other slots. if not base.pron and not base.det then -- Pronouns don't have a vocative (singular or plural). iut.insert_forms(base.forms, "voc_p", base.forms.nom_p) end if not base.forms.acc_s and not base.slot_overridden.acc_s then iut.insert_forms(base.forms, "acc_s", base.forms[base.animacy == "inan" and "nom_s" or "gen_s"]) end if not base.forms.clitic_acc_s and not base.slot_overridden.clitic_acc_s then iut.insert_forms(base.forms, "clitic_acc_s", base.forms[base.animacy == "inan" and "nom_s" or "clitic_gen_s"]) end -- Handle overrides for derived slots, to allow them to be overridden. process_slot_overrides(base, is_derived_slot) -- Compute linked versions of potential lemma slots, for use in {{cs-noun}}. -- We substitute the original lemma (before removing links) for forms that -- are the same as the lemma, if the original lemma has links. for _, slot in ipairs(potential_lemma_slots) do iut.insert_forms(base.forms, slot .. "_linked", iut.map_forms(base.forms[slot], function(form) if form == base.orig_lemma_no_links and rfind(base.orig_lemma, "%[%[") then return base.orig_lemma else return form end end)) end end -- Table mapping declension types to functions to decline the noun. The function takes two arguments, `base` and -- `stems`; the latter specifies the computed stems (vowel vs. non-vowel, singular vs. plural) and whether the noun -- is reducible and/or has vowel alternations in the stem. Most of the specifics of determining which stem to use -- and how to modify it for the given ending are handled in add_decl(); the declension functions just need to generate -- the appropriate endings. local decls = {} -- Table specifying additional properties for declension types. Every declension type must have such a table, which -- specifies which category or categories to add and what annotation to show in the title bar of the declension table. -- -- * Only the `cat` property of this table is mandatory; there is also a `desc` property to specify the annotation, but -- this can be omitted and the annotation will then be computed from the `cat` property. The `cat` property is either -- a string, a list of strings or a function (of two arguments, `base` and `stems` as above) returning a string or -- list of strings. The string can contain the keywords GENDER to substitute the gender (and animacy for masculine -- nouns) and POS (to substitute the pluralized part of speech). The keyword GENPOS is equivalent to 'GENDER POS'. If -- no keyword is present, ' GENPOS' is added onto the end. If only GENDER is present, ' POS' is added onto the end. -- In all cases, the language name is added onto the beginning to form the full category name. -- * The `desc` property is of the same form as the `cat` property and specifies the annotation to display in the title -- bar (which may have the same format as the category minus the part of speech, or may be abbreviated). The value -- may not be a list of strings, as only one annotation is displayed. If omitted, it is derived from the category -- spec(s) by taking the last category (if more than one is given) and removing ' POS' before keyword substitution. local declprops = {} -- Return the default masculine animate nominative plural ending(s) given `base` and `stems`. This is called for hard -- and soft masculines ending in a consonant, but not for nouns ending in a vowel, which have their own defaults -- (particularly nouns in -a, where -ista/-ita/-asta behave differently from other nouns in -a). local function default_masc_animate_nom_pl(base, stems) return -- [monosyllabic words: Dánové, Irové, králové, mágové, Rusové, sokové, synové, špehové, zběhové, zeťové, manové, danové -- (but Žid → Židé, Čech → Češi).] -- There are too many exceptions to this to make a special rule. It is better to use -- the overall default of -i and require that cases with -ove, -ove/-i, -i/-ove, etc. use overrides. -- com.is_monosyllabic(base.lemma) and "ové" or -- terms in -cek/-ček; order of -ové vs. -i sometimes varies: -- [[fracek]] (ové/i), [[klacek]] (i/ové), [[macek]] (ové/i), [[nácek]] (i/ové), [[prcek]] (ové/i), [[racek]] (ové/i); -- [[bazilišek]] (i/ové), [[černoušek]] (i/ové), [[drahoušek]] (ové/i), [[fanoušek]] (i/ové), [[františek]] (an/inan, -- ends in -i/-y but not -ové), [[koloušek]] (-i only), [[kulíšek]] (i/ové), [[oříšek]] (i/ové), [[papoušek]] (-i only), -- [[prášek]] (i/ové), [[šašek]] (i/ové). -- make sure to check `stems` as we don't want to include non-reducible words in -cek/-ček/-šek (but do want to include -- [[quarterback]], with -i/-ové) rfind(stems.vowel_stem, "^" .. com.lowercase_c .. ".*[cčš]k$") and {"i", "ové"} or -- barmani, gentlemani, jazzmani, kameramani, narkomani, ombudsmani, pivotmani, rekordmani, showmani, supermani, toxikomani rfind(base.lemma, "^" .. com.lowercase_c .. ".*man$") and "i" or -- terms ending in -an after a palatal or a consonant that doesn't change when palatalized, i.e. labial or l (but -man -- forms -mani unless in a proper noun): Brňan → Brňané, křesťan → křesťané, měšťan → měšťané, Moravan → Moravané, -- občan → občané, ostrovan → ostrované, Pražan → Pražané, Slovan → Slované, svatebčan → svatebčané, venkovan → venkované, -- Australan → Australané; some late formations pluralize this way but don't have a palatal consonant preceding the -an, -- e.g. [[pohan]], [[Oděsan]]; these need manual overrides rfind(base.lemma, "[" .. com.inherently_soft .. com.labial .. "l]an$") and {"é", "i"} or -- most now can also take -i -- proper names: Baťové, Novákové, Petrové, Tomášové, Vláďové; exclude demonyms (but include surnames) rfind(base.lemma, "^" .. com.uppercase_c) and (base.surname or not rfind(base.lemma, "[eě]c$")) and "ové" or -- demonyms: [[Albánec]], [[Gruzínec]], [[Izraelec]], [[Korejec]], [[Libyjec]], [[Litevec]], [[Němec]], [[Portugalec]] rfind(base.lemma, "^" .. com.uppercase_c .. ".*[eě]c$") and "i" or -- From here on down, we're dealing only with lowercase terms. -- buditelé, budovatelé, čekatelé, činitelé, hostitelé, jmenovatelé, pisatelé, ručitelé, velitelé, živitelé rfind(base.lemma, ".*tel$") and "é" or -- nouns in -j: čaroděj → čarodějové, lokaj → lokajové, patricij → patricijové, plebej → plebejové, šohaj → šohajové, žokej → žokejové -- nouns in -l: apoštol → apoštolové, břídil → břídilové, fňukal → fňukalové, hýřil → hýřilové, kutil → kutilové, -- loudal → loudalové, mazal → mazalové, škrabal → škrabalové, škudlil → škudlilové, vyvrhel → vyvrhelové, žvanil → žvanilové -- (we excluded those in -tel above) rfind(base.lemma, ".*[jl]$") and "ové" or -- archeolog → archeologové, biolog → biologové, geolog → geologové, meteorolog → meteorologové rfind(base.lemma, ".*log$") and "ové" or -- dramaturg → dramaturgové, chirurg → chirurgové rfind(base.lemma, ".*urg$") and "ové" or -- fotograf → fotografové, geograf → geografové, lexikograf → lexikografové rfind(base.lemma, ".*graf$") and "ové" or -- bibliofil → bibliofilové, germanofil → germanofilové rfind(base.lemma, ".*fil$") and "ové" or -- rusofob → rusofobové rfind(base.lemma, ".*fob$") and "ové" or -- agronom → agronomové, ekonom → ekonomové rfind(base.lemma, ".*nom$") and "ové" or "i" end decls["hard-m"] = function(base, stems) -- Nouns ending in hard -c, e.g. [[hec]] "joke", [[kibuc]] "kibbutz", don't palatalize. base.palatalize_voc = not rfind(stems.vowel_stem, "c$") base.hard_c = true local velar = rfind(stems.vowel_stem, com.velar_c .. "$") -- See [https://prirucka.ujc.cas.cz/en/?id=360] on declension of toponyms. local toponym = base.animacy == "inan" and rfind(base.lemma, "^" .. com.uppercase_c) -- Some toponyms take -a in the genitive singular, e.g. toponyms in -ín ([[Zlín]], [[Jičín]], [[Berlín]]); -- -ýn ([[Hostýn]], [[Londýn]]); -ov ([[Havířov]]); and -ev ([[Bezdrev]]), as do some others, e.g. domestic -- [[Beroun]], [[Brandýs]], [[Náchod]], [[Tábor]] and foreign [[Betlém]] "Bethlehem", [[Egypt]], -- [[Jeruzalém]] "Jerusalem", [[Milán]] "Milan", [[Řím]] "Rome", [[Rýn]] "Rhine". Also some transferred from -- common nouns e.g. ([[Nový]]) [[Kostel]], ([[Starý]]) [[Rybník]]. local toponym_gen_a = toponym and (rfind(base.lemma, "[íý]n$") or rfind(base.lemma, "[oe]v$")) -- Toponyms in -ík (Mělník, Braník, Rakovník, Lipník) seem to fluctuate between gen -a and -u. Also some in -- ‑štejn, ‑berg, ‑perk, ‑burk, ‑purk (Rabštejn, Heidelberg, Kašperk, Hamburk, Prešpurk) and some others: -- Zbiroh, Kamýk, Příbor, Zábřeh, Žebrák, Praděd. local toponym_gen_a_u = toponym and rfind(base.lemma, "ík$") -- Toponyms that take -a in the genitive singular tend to take -ě in the locative singular; so do those in -- -štejn (Rabštejn), -hrad (Petrohrad), -grad (Volgograd). local toponym_loc_e = toponym and (toponym_gen_a or rfind(base.lemma, "štejn$") or rfind(base.lemma, "[gh]rad$")) -- Toponyms in -ík seem to fluctuate between loc -ě and -u. local toponym_loc_e_u = toponym_gen_a_u -- Inanimate gen_s in -a other than toponyms in -ín/-ýn/-ev/-ov (e.g. [[zákon]] "law", [[oběd]] "lunch", [[kostel]] "church", -- [[dnešek]] "today", [[leden]] "January", [[trujúhelník]] "triangle") needs to be given manually, using '<gena>'. local gen_s = toponym_gen_a and "a" or toponym_gen_a_u and {"a", "u"} or base.animacy == "inan" and "u" or "a" -- Animates with dat_s only in -u (e.g. [[člověk]] "person", [[Bůh]] "God") need to give this manually, -- using '<datu>'. local dat_s = base.animacy == "inan" and "u" or base.surname and "ovi" or {"ovi", "u"} -- Inanimates with loc_s in -e/ě other than certain toponyms (see above) need to give this manually, using <locě>, but -- it will trigger the second palatalization automatically. local loc_s = toponym_loc_e and "ě" or toponym_loc_e_u and {"ě", "u"} or dat_s -- Velar-stem animates with voc_s in -e (e.g. [[Bůh]] "God", voc_s 'Bože'; [[člověk]] "person", voc_s 'člověče') -- need to give this manually using <voce>; it will trigger the first palatalization automatically. local voc_s = velar and "u" or "e" -- 'e' will trigger first palatalization in apply_special_cases() -- Nom_p in -i will trigger second palatalization in apply_special_cases(). local nom_p = base.animacy == "inan" and "y" or default_masc_animate_nom_pl(base, stems) -- Per IJP and Janda and Townsend: -- * loc_p in -ích is currently the default for velars but not otherwise; it will automatically trigger the second -- palatalization (e.g. [[práh]] "threshold", loc_p 'prazích'). Otherwise, -ích needs to be given manually using -- <locplích>, e.g. [[les]] "forest"; [[hotel]] "hotel"; likewise for loc_p in -ách (e.g. [[plech]] -- "metal plate"), using <locplách>. -- * Inanimate hard nouns in -c normally have -ech: [[hec]] "joke", [[tác]] "tray", [[truc]], [[kec]], [[frc]], -- [[flanc]], [[kibuc]] "kibbutz", [[pokec]] "chat". -- In the IJP tables, inanimate reducible nouns in -ček (and most in -cek, although there are many fewer; also some -- in -žek, but in this case it's too inconsistent to make the default) regularly have both -ích and -ách in the -- locative plural, while similar animate nouns only have -ích. This applies even to nouns like [[háček]] and -- [[koníček]] that can be either animate or inanimate. Make sure to exclude nouns in -ck such as [[comeback]] and -- [[joystick]], which have only -ích. local loc_p = base.animacy == "inan" and rfind(base.lemma, "[cč]ek$") and rfind(stems.vowel_stem, "[cč]k$") and {"ích", "ách"} or velar and "ích" or "ech" add_decl(base, stems, gen_s, dat_s, nil, voc_s, loc_s, "em", -- loc_p in -ích not after velar stems (e.g. [[les]] "forest"; [[hotel]] "hotel") needs to be given manually -- using <locplích>; it will automatically trigger the second palatalization; loc_p in -ách (e.g. [[plech]] -- "metal plate") also needs to be given manually using <locplách> nom_p, "ů", "ům", "y", loc_p, "y") end declprops["hard-m"] = { desc = function(base, stems) if rfind(stems.vowel_stem, com.velar_c .. "$") then return "軟口蓋語幹 GENDER" else return "硬語幹 GENDER" end end, cat = function(base, stems) if rfind(stems.vowel_stem, com.velar_c .. "$") then return "軟口蓋語幹" else return "硬語幹" end end } decls["semisoft-m"] = function(base, stems) -- Examples: -- * Animate in -ius: génius, nuncius, nonius (breed of horse), notárius, ordinárius, patricius, primárius, -- pronuncius, various names -- * Animate in -eus: farizeus, basileus, pygmeus ([[skarabeus]] inflects hard in the plural), various names -- * Inanimate in -ius: nonius (measuring device), rádius, sestercius -- NOTE: Inanimate nouns in -eus (nukleus, choreus) inflect hard in the plural local dat_s = base.animacy == "inan" and "u" or base.surname and "ovi" or {"ovi", "u"} local loc_s = dat_s local nom_p = base.animacy == "inan" and "e" or "ové" add_decl(base, stems, "a", dat_s, nil, "e", loc_s, "em", nom_p, "ů", "ům", "e", "ích", "i") end declprops["semisoft-m"] = { cat = "半軟語幹" } decls["soft-m"] = function(base, stems) base.palatalize_voc = true -- animates with dat_s only in -i need to give this manually, using '<dati>' local dat_s = base.animacy == "inan" and "i" or base.surname and "ovi" or {"ovi", "i"} local loc_s = dat_s -- Per IJP, the vast majority of soft masculine animates take -i in the voc_s, but those in -ec/-ěc take -e with first -- palatalization to -če, e.g. [[otec]] "father", [[lovec]] "hunter", [[blbec]] "fool, idiot", [[horolezec]] -- "mountaineer", [[znalec]] "expert", [[chlapec]] "boy", [[nadšenec]] "enthusiast", [[luněc]] (type of bird). -- Demonyms but not surnames ending in -ec but beginning with a capital letter take either -e or -i (only the former -- triggers the first palatalization). Examples: [[Portugalec]], [[Slovinec]] "Slovenian", [[Japonec]], [[Vietnamec]]. -- Not [[Kadlec]] (surname). local voc_s = base.animacy == "an" and rfind(base.lemma, "[eě]c$") and stems.reducible and (not base.surname and rfind(base.lemma, "^" .. com.uppercase_c) and {"e", "i"} or "e") or "i" local nom_p = base.animacy == "inan" and "e" or default_masc_animate_nom_pl(base, stems) -- nouns with loc_p in -ech (e.g. [[cíl]] "goal") need to give this manually, using <locplech> add_decl(base, stems, "e", dat_s, nil, voc_s, loc_s, "em", nom_p, "ů", "ům", "e", "ích", "i") end declprops["soft-m"] = { cat = "軟語幹" } decls["mixed-m"] = function(base, stems) -- NOTE: IJP tends to list the soft endings first, but per their section on this -- (https://prirucka.ujc.cas.cz/en/?id=220), the hard endings tend to predominate in modern use, so we list them -- first. if base.animacy == "an" then if rfind(base.lemma, "l$") then -- [[anděl]] "angel", [[manžel]] "husband", [[strašpytel]] "coward"; 'strašpytel' has a different declension -- from the other two, with more soft forms. [[manžel]] has plural in -é or -ové and needs an override. local dat_s = base.surname and "ovi" or {"ovi", "u"} local loc_s = dat_s add_decl(base, stems, "a", dat_s, nil, "i", loc_s, "em", "é", "ů", "ům", {"y", "e"}, {"ech", "ích"}, {"y", "i"}) else -- -s/-z: rorýs, platýs, pilous, markýz, všekaz, stávkokaz, penězokaz, listokaz, dřevokaz, zrnokaz, boss. -- Others recently moving towards this declension: primas, karas, kalous, konipas, ibis, chabrus, chuďas, -- kakabus, kliďas, kandrdas, morous, vágus. -- Some names: Alois, Mánes. -- Both hard and soft endings throughout. Most have -i and -ové in the nominative plural. local dat_s = base.surname and "ovi" or {"u", "i", "ovi"} local loc_s = dat_s add_decl(base, stems, {"a", "e"}, dat_s, nil, {"e", "i"}, loc_s, "em", {"i", "ové"}, "ů", "ům", {"y", "e"}, {"ech", "ích"}, {"y", "i"}) end else -- Given in IJP: burel, hnědel, chmel, krevel, kužel, námel, plevel, tmel, zádrhel, apríl, artikul, koukol, rubl, -- úběl, plus reducible nouns cumel, chrchel, [[kotel]] "cauldron", sopel, uhel. Also [[městys]]. Many of them are listed in the -- IJP tables with only hard or with fewer soft forms, so need to be investigated individually. if rfind(base.lemma, "[ls]$") then add_decl(base, stems, {"u", "e"}, {"u", "i"}, nil, {"e", "i"}, {"u", "e", "i"}, "em", {"y", "e"}, "ů", "ům", {"y", "e"}, {"ech", "ích"}, {"y", "i"}) else -- -n/-t; hard in the plural: hřeben, ječmen, [[kámen]] "stone", kmen, kořen, křemen, plamen, -- [[pramen]] "source", [[řemen]] "strap", den, týden, [[loket]] "elbow". -- There may be deviations (e.g. soft plural forms for [[den]]), so need to be investigated individually. add_decl(base, stems, {"u", "e"}, {"u", "i"}, nil, "i", {"u", "i"}, "em", "y", "ů", "ům", "y", "ech", "y") end end end declprops["mixed-m"] = { cat = "mixed" } decls["a-m"] = function(base, stems) -- husita → husité, izraelita → izraelité, jezuita → jezuité, kosmopolita → kosmopolité, táborita → táborité -- fašista → fašisté, filatelista → filatelisté, fotbalista → fotbalisté, kapitalista → kapitalisté, -- marxista → marxisté, šachista → šachisté, terorista → teroristé. NOTE: most these words actually appear in -- the IJP tables with -é/-i, so we go accordingly. -- -- gymnasta → gymnasté, fantasta → fantasté; also chiliasta, orgiasta, scholiasta, entuziasta, dynasta, ochlasta, -- sarkasta, vymasta; NOTE: Only 'gymnasta' actually given with just -é; 'fantasta' with -ové/-é, 'dynasta' and -- 'ochlasta' with just -ové, vymasta not in IJP (no plural given in SSJC), and the rest with -é/-i. So we go -- accordingly. local it_ist = rfind(stems.vowel_stem, "is?t$") or rfind(stems.vowel_stem, "ast$") -- Velar nouns (e.g. [[sluha]] "servant") have -ích in the loc_p (which triggers the second palatalization) -- instead of -ech. Nouns whose stem ends in a soft consonant ([[rikša]], [[paša]], [[bača]], [[mahárádža]], -- [[paňáca]], etc.) behave likewise. -- FIXME: [[pária]] "pariah", [[Maria]] etc. local loc_p = (rfind(stems.vowel_stem, com.velar_c .. "$") or rfind(stems.vowel_stem, com.inherently_soft_c .. "$")) and "ích" or "ech" add_decl(base, stems, "y", "ovi", "u", "o", "ovi", "ou", it_ist and {"é", "i"} or "ové", "ů", "ům", "y", loc_p, "y") end declprops["a-m"] = { cat = "GENPOS in -a" } decls["e-m"] = function(base, stems) -- [[zachránce]] "savior"; [[soudce]] "judge"; etc. -- At least two inanimates: [[průvodce]] "guide, guidebook; computing wizard"; [[správce]] "manager (software program), configuration program" local dat_s = base.animacy == "inan" and "i" or base.surname and "ovi" or {"ovi", "i"} local loc_s = dat_s add_decl(base, stems, "e", dat_s, nil, "-", loc_s, "em", -- nouns with -ové as well (e.g. [[soudce]] "judge") will need to specify that manually, e.g. <nompli:ové> base.animacy == "inan" and "e" or "i", "ů", "ům", "e", "ích", "i") end declprops["e-m"] = { cat = "GENPOS in -e" } decls["i-m"] = function(base, stems) -- [[kivi]] "kiwi (bird)"; [[kuli]] "coolie"; [[lori]] "lory, lorikeet (bird)" (loc_pl 'loriech/loriích/lorich'); -- [[vini]] "parrot of the genus Vini"; [[yetti]]/[[yeti]] "yeti". other examples: [[aguti]], [[efendi]], [[hadži]], -- [[pekari]], [[regenschori]], [[yetti]]/[[yeti]]. -- -- [[grizzly]]/[[grizly]] "grizzly bear"; [[pony]] "pony"; [[husky]] "husky"; [[dandy]] "dandy"; [[Billy]] "billy". -- -- NOTE: Some nouns in -y are regular soft stems, e.g. [[gay]] "gay person"; [[gray]] "gray (unit of absorbed -- radiation)"; [[Nagy]] (surname). -- -- NOTE: The stem ends in -i/-y. add_decl(base, stems, "ho", "mu", nil, "-", "m", "m", -- ins_pl 'kivii/kivimi' {"ové", ""}, {"ů", "ch"}, {"ům", "m"}, {"e", ""}, {"ích", "ch"}, {"i", "mi"}) end declprops["i-m"] = { cat = "GENPOS in -i/-y" } decls["í-m"] = function(base, stems) -- [[kádí]] "qadi (Islamic judge)", [[mahdí]] "Mahdi (Islamic prophet)", [[muftí]] "mufti (Islamic scholar)", -- [[sipáhí]] "sipahi (Algerian cavalryman in the French army)" -- -- No obvious examples in -ý, but the support is there. -- -- NOTE: The stem ends in -í/-ý. add_decl(base, stems, "ho", "mu", nil, "-", "m", "m", {"ové", ""}, {"ů", "ch"}, {"ům", "m"}, {"e", ""}, "ích", "mi") end declprops["í-m"] = { cat = "GENPOS in -í/-ý" } decls["ie-m"] = function(base, stems) -- [[zombie]] "zombie" (also fem/neut), [[hippie]] "hippie", [[yuppie]] "yuppie", [[rowdie]] "rowdy/hooligan" -- -- NOTE: The stem ends in -i (not -ie, because of the plural). add_decl(base, stems, "eho", "emu", nil, "-", "em", "em", {"ové", "es"}, {"ů", "es"}, {"ům", "es"}, {"e", "es"}, {"ích", "es"}, {"i", "es"}) end declprops["ie-m"] = { cat = "GENPOS in -ie" } decls["o-m"] = function(base, stems) -- [[kápo]] "head, leader"; [[lamželezo]] "strongman"; [[torero]] "bullfighter"; [[žako]] "African gray parrot"; -- [[dingo]] "dingo"; [[kakapo]] "kakapo" (given in Wiktionary with dat_s/loc_s in -ovi only not -ovi/-u; probably -- wrong but not in IJP); [[maestro]] "maestro"; [[Bruno]] "Bruno", [[Hugo]] "Hugo"; [[Ivo]] "Yves" (these names -- are singular-only per IJP); [[Kvido]] "Guido, Guy" (per IJP has accusative in -a or -ona); [[Oto]] "Otto" (per -- IJP also declinable like virile -a masculines; singular-only); [[Kuřátko]] (a surname; how declined?); -- [[Picasso]] (surname; how declined?); [[Pluto]] "Pluto (God)", also "Pluto (planet)", which is inanimate; -- [[Samo]]/[[Sámo]] "Samo (7th century Slavic ruler)" (dat_s/loc_s only in -ovi, needs override); [[Tomio]] -- "Tomio (Japanese male given name)" (how declined?); [[nemakačenko]] "idler, loafer" (given in Wiktionary with -- dat_s/loc_s in -ovi only, as for [[kakapo]]); [[nefachčenko]] "idler, loafer"; note also [[gadžo]] "gadjo", -- which has a unique declension. -- -- Velar nouns ([[žako]], [[dingo]], etc.) have -ích in the loc_p (which triggers the second palatalization) -- instead of -ech. local velar = rfind(stems.vowel_stem, com.velar_c .. "$") -- inanimates e.g. [[Pluto]] (planet) have -u only, like for normal hard masculines. local dat_s = base.animacy == "inan" and "u" or base.surname and "ovi"or {"ovi", "u"} local loc_s = dat_s local loc_p = velar and "ích" or "ech" add_decl(base, stems, "a", dat_s, nil, "-", loc_s, "em", "ové", "ů", "ům", "y", loc_p, "y") end declprops["o-m"] = { cat = "GENPOS in -o" } decls["u-m"] = function(base, stems) -- [[emu]] "emu", [[guru]] "guru", [[kakadu]] "cockatoo", [[marabu]] "marabou" (declined the same way) -- [[Osamu]] "Osamu (Japanese male given name)" [how declined?] -- [[Višnu]] "Vishnu" (declined like [[guru]] but singular-only) -- [[budižkničemu]] "good-for-nothing, ne'er-do-well" (indeclinable in the singular, declinable as masculine hard stem -- budižkničemové etc. in the plural, declinable as feminine hard stem budižkničemy etc. in the plural when feminine). -- -- NOTE: The stem ends in -u. add_decl(base, stems, "a", "ovi", nil, "-", "ovi", "em", "ové", "ů", "ům", "y", "ech", "y") end declprops["u-m"] = { cat = "GENPOS in -u" } decls["tstem-m"] = function(base, stems) -- E.g. [[kníže]] "prince", [[hrabě]] "earl", [[markrabě]] "margrave". add_decl(base, stems, "ete", "eti", "ete", "-", "eti", "etem", "ata", "at", "atům", "ata", "atech", "aty") end declprops["tstem-m"] = { cat = "t-stem" } decls["hard-f"] = function(base, stems) base.no_palatalize_c = true -- [[skica]] "sketch", [[gejša]] "geisha", [[rikša]] "rickshaw (vehicle)"; [[arakača]], [[čača]], [[čiča]] (drink), -- [[dača]] "dacha", [[gutaperča]] "guttapercha", [[viskača]]; [[babča]], [[číča]], [[káča]], [[mamča]], [[úča]]. -- Also appears to apply to ď (e.g. [[Naďa]]) and ť, as well as certain words with stems in -ň and -j (e.g. [[Táña]], -- [[doňa]], [[Darja]], [[Troja]]/[[Trója]]), which normally have a mixed declension. local dat_s = rfind(base.vowel_stem, "[cčšžďťjň]$") and {"ě", "i"} or "ě" local loc_s = dat_s add_decl(base, stems, "y", dat_s, "u", "o", loc_s, "ou", "y", "", "ám", "y", "ách", "ami") end declprops["hard-f"] = { cat = "硬語幹" } decls["soft-f"] = function(base, stems) -- This also includes feminines in -ie, e.g. [[belarie]], [[signorie]], [[uncie]], and feminines in -oe, e.g. -- [[kánoe]], [[aloe]] and medical terms like [[dyspnoe]], [[apnoe]], [[hemoptoe]], [[kalanchoe]]. -- Nouns in -ice like [[ulice]] "street" have null genitive plural e.g. 'ulic'; nouns in -yně e.g. [[přítelkyně]] -- "girlfriend" have gen pl 'přítelkyň' or 'přítelkyní' with two possible endings; otherwise -í. (Alternation between -- -ň and -n and between -e and -ě handled automatically by combine_stem_ending().) local gen_p = rfind(base.lemma, "ice$") and "" or rfind(base.lemma, "yně$") and {"", "í"} or "í" -- Vocative really ends in -e, not just a copy of the nominative; cf. [[sinfonia]], which is soft-f except for -- the nominative and has -e in the vocative singular. add_decl(base, stems, "e", "i", "i", "e", "i", "í", "e", gen_p, "ím", "e", "ích", "emi") end declprops["soft-f"] = { cat = "軟語幹" } decls["mixed-f"] = function(base, stems) -- Lowercase nouns in -ňa (e.g. bárišňa/báryšňa, doňa, dueňa, piraňa, vikuňa) and -ja (e.g. maracuja, papája, sója). -- Does not appear to apply to proper nouns (e.g. [[Táňa]] "Tanya", [[Darja]] "Daria", [[Troja]]/[[Trója]] "Troy", -- which usually decline like [[gejša]], [[dača]], [[skica]]). add_decl(base, stems, {"i", "e"}, {"e", "i"}, "u", "o", {"e", "i"}, "ou", {"i", "e"}, {"", "í"}, {"ám", "ím"}, {"i", "e"}, {"ách", "ích"}, {"ami", "emi"}) end declprops["mixed-f"] = { cat = "mixed" } decls["cons-f"] = function(base, stems) -- e.g. [[dlaň]] "palm (of the hand)" add_decl(base, stems, "e", "i", "-", "i", "i", "í", "e", "í", "ím", "e", "ích", "emi") end declprops["cons-f"] = { cat = "soft zero-ending" } decls["istem-f"] = function(base, stems) add_decl(base, stems, "i", "i", "-", "i", "i", "í", -- See above under apply_special_cases(); -E causes depalatalization of ť/ď/ň. "i", "í", "Em", "i", "Ech", "mi") end declprops["istem-f"] = { cat = "i-stem" } decls["mixed-istem-f"] = function(base, stems) local gen_s, nom_p, dat_p, loc_p, ins_p -- Use of ě vs E below is intentional. Contrast [[oběť]] dat pl 'obětem' (depalatalizing) with [[nit]] ins pl -- 'nitěmi' (palatalizing). See comment above under apply_special_cases(). if base.mixedistem == "pěst" then -- pěst, past, mast, lest [reducible; ins pl 'lstmi'], pelest, propust, plst, oběť, zeď [reducible; ins pl -- 'zdmi'], paměť [ins pl 'pamětmi/paměťmi] gen_s, nom_p, dat_p, loc_p, ins_p = "i", "i", {"ím", "Em"}, {"ích", "Ech"}, "mi" elseif base.mixedistem == "moc" then -- moc, nemoc, pomoc, velmoc; NOTE: pravomoc has -i/-e alternation in gen_s, nom_p gen_s, nom_p, dat_p, loc_p, ins_p = "i", "i", {"Em", "ím"}, {"Ech", "ích"}, "ěmi" elseif base.mixedistem == "myš" then -- myš, veš [reducible, ins pl vešmi], hruď, měď, pleť, spleť, směs, smrt, step, odpověď [ins pl 'odpověď'mi/odpovědmi'], šeď, -- závěť [ins pl 'závěťmi/závětmi'], plsť [ins pl 'plstmi'] gen_s, nom_p, dat_p, loc_p, ins_p = "i", "i", "ím", "ích", "mi" elseif base.mixedistem == "noc" then -- lež [reducible], noc, mosaz, rez [reducible], ves [reducible], mysl, sůl, běl, žluť gen_s, nom_p, dat_p, loc_p, ins_p = "i", "i", "ím", "ích", "ěmi" elseif base.mixedistem == "žluč" then -- žluč, moč, modř, čeleď, kapraď, záď, žerď, čtvrť/čtvrt, drť, huť, chuť, nit, pečeť, závrať, pouť, stať, ocel gen_s, nom_p, dat_p, loc_p, ins_p = {"i", "ě"}, {"i", "ě"}, "ím", "ích", "ěmi" elseif base.mixedistem == "loď" then -- loď, suť gen_s, nom_p, dat_p, loc_p, ins_p = {"i", "ě"}, {"i", "ě"}, "ím", "ích", {"ěmi", "mi"} else error(("Unrecognized value '%s' for 'mixedistem', should be one of 'pěst', 'moc', 'myš', 'noc', 'žluč' or 'loď'"): format(base.mixedistem)) end add_decl(base, stems, gen_s, "i", "-", "i", "i", "í", nom_p, "í", dat_p, nom_p, loc_p, ins_p) end declprops["mixed-istem-f"] = { -- Include subtype in the table description but not in the category to avoid too many categories. desc = function(base, stems) return ("mixed i-stem [type '%s'] GENDER"):format(base.mixedistem) end, cat = function(base, stems) return {"mixed i-stem", ("mixed i-stem GENPOS (type '%s')"):format(base.mixedistem)} end, } decls["i-f"] = function(base, stems) -- [[máti]] "mother" (singular-only), [[pramáti]] "foremother"; very similar to the 'noc' mixed i-stem type add_decl(base, stems, "i", "i", "-", "i", "i", "í", "i", "í", "ím", "i", "ích", "ěmi") end declprops["i-f"] = { cat = "GENPOS in -i" } decls["ea-f"] = function(base, stems) -- Stem ends in -e. if base.tech then -- diarea, gonorea, chorea, nauzea, paleogea, seborea, trachea add_decl(base, stems, "y", "i", "u", "o", "i", "ou", "y", "í", {"ám", "ím"}, "y", {"ách", "ích"}, "ami") else -- idea, odysea ("wandering pilgrimage"), orchidea, palea, spirea -- proper names Galilea, Judea, Caesarea, Korea, Odyssea ("epic poem") add_decl(base, stems, {"y", "je"}, "ji", "u", "o", "ji", {"ou", "jí"}, {"y", "je"}, "jí", {"ám", "jím"}, {"y", "je"}, {"ách", "jích"}, {"ami", "jemi"}) end end declprops["ea-f"] = { cat = function(base, stems) if base.tech then return {"GENPOS in -ea", "technical GENPOS in -ea"} else return "GENPOS in -ea" end end } decls["oa-f"] = function(base, stems) -- Stem ends in -o/-u. -- stoa, kongrua; proper names Samoa, Managua, Nikaragua, Capua add_decl(base, stems, "y", "i", "u", "o", "i", "ou", "y", "í", "ám", "y", "ách", "ami") end declprops["oa-f"] = { cat = "GENPOS in -oa/-ua" } decls["ia-f"] = function(base, stems) -- Stem ends in -i. -- belaria, signoria, uncia; paranoia, sinfonia; -- proper names Alexandria, Alexia, Livia, Monrovia, Olympia, Sofia -- Identical to soft declension except for nom sg. decls["soft-f"](base, stems) end declprops["ia-f"] = { cat = "GENPOS in -ia" } decls["hard-n"] = function(base, stems) local velar = rfind(stems.vowel_stem, com.velar_c .. "$") -- NOTE: Per IJP it appears the meaning of the preceding preposition makes a difference: 'o' = "about" takes -- '-u' or '-ě', while 'na/v' = "in, on" normally takes '-ě'. local loc_s = -- Exceptions: [[mléko]] "milk" ('mléku' or 'mléce'), [[břicho]] "belly" ('břiše' or (less often) 'břichu'), -- [[roucho]] ('na rouchu' or 'v rouše'; why the difference in preposition?). velar and "u" or -- IJP says nouns in -dlo take only -e but the declension tables show otherwise. It appears -u is possible -- but significantly less common. Other nouns in -lo usually take just -e ([[čelo]] "forehead", -- [[kolo]] "wheel", [[křeslo]] "armchair", [[máslo]] "butter", [[peklo]] "hell", [[sklo]] "glass", -- [[světlo]] "light", [[tělo]] "body"; but [[číslo]] "number' with -e/-u; [[zlo]] "evil" and [[kouzlo]] "spell" -- with -u/-e). rfind(base.lemma, "dlo$") and {"ě", "u"} or rfind(base.lemma, "lo$") and "ě" or (rfind(base.lemma, "[sc]tvo$") or rfind(base.lemma, "ivo$")) and "u" or -- Per IJP: Borrowed words and abstracts take -u (e.g. [[banjo]]/[[bendžo]]/[[benžo]] "banjo", [[depo]] "depot", -- [[chladno]] "cold", [[mokro]] "damp, dampness", [[právo]] "law, right", [[šeru]] "twilight?", -- [[temno]] "dark, darkness", [[tempo]] "rate, tempo", [[ticho]] "quiet, silence", [[vedro]] "heat") and others -- often take -ě/-u. Formerly we defaulted to -ě/-u but it seems better to default to just -u, similarly to hard -- masculines. -- {"ě", "u"} "u" local loc_p = -- Note, lemmas in -isko also have mixed-reducible as default, handled in determine_default_reducible(). -- Note also, ending -ích triggers the second palatalization. rfind(base.lemma, "isko$") and {"ích", "ách"} or -- Diminutives in -ko, -čko, -tko; also [[lýtko]], [[děcko]], [[vrátka]], [[dvířka]], [[jho]], [[roucho]], -- [[tango]], [[mango]], [[sucho]], [[blaho]], [[víko]], [[echo]], [[embargo]], [[largo]], [[jericho]] (from -- IJP). Also foreign nouns in -kum: [[antibiotikum]], [[narkotikum]], [[afrodiziakum]], [[analgetikum]], etc. -- [[jablko]] "apple" has '-ách' or '-ích' and needs an override; likewise for [[vojsko]] "troop"; [[riziko]] -- "risk" normally has '-ích' and needs and override. velar and "ách" or "ech" add_decl(base, stems, "a", "u", "-", "-", loc_s, "em", "a", "", "ům", "a", loc_p, "y") -- FIXME: paired body parts e.g. [[rameno]] "shoulder" (gen_p/loc_p 'ramenou/ramen'), [[koleno]] "knee" -- (gen_p/loc_p 'kolenou/kolen'), [[prsa]] "chest, breasts" (plurale tantum; gen_p/loc_p 'prsou'). -- FIXME: Nouns with both neuter and feminine forms in the plural, e.g. [[lýtko]] "calf (of the leg)", -- [[bedro]] "hip", [[vrátka]] "gate". end declprops["hard-n"] = { desc = function(base, stems) if rfind(stems.vowel_stem, com.velar_c .. "$") then return "軟語幹 GENDER" else return "硬語幹 GENDER" end end, cat = function(base, stems) if rfind(stems.vowel_stem, com.velar_c .. "$") then return "軟語幹" else return "硬語幹" end end } decls["semisoft-n"] = function(base, stems) -- Examples: -- * In -ao: [[kakao]] "cacao", [[makao]] "Macao (gambling card game, see Wikipedia)", [[curaçao]] "curaçao (liqueur)" -- (IJP gives gen pl 'curaç' but ASSC [https://slovnikcestiny.cz/heslo/cura%C3%A7ao/0/9967] says 'curaçí' as expected), -- [[farao]] "faro (card game)"; also [[Makao]], [[Pathet Lao]], but these are sg-only -- * In -eo: [[stereo]], [[rodeo]], [[video]], [[solideo]]; also [[Borneo]], [[Montevideo]], but these are sg-only -- * In -io: [[rádio]] "radio", [[gramorádio]], [[studio]], [[scenário]], [[trio]], [[ážio]] (also spelled [[agio]]), -- [[disážio]], [[folio]], [[vibrio]]; also [[arpeggio]], [[adagio]], [[capriccio]], [[solfeggio]] although -- pronounced the Italian way without /i/; also [[Ohio]], [[Ontario]], [[Tokio]], but these are sg-only -- * In -uo: only [[duo]] -- * In -yo: only [[embryo]] -- * In -eum: [[muzeum]], [[lyceum]], [[linoleum]], [[ileum]], etc. -- * In -ium: [[atrium]] "atrium", most chemical elements, etc. -- * In -ion: [[enkómion]] "encomium", [[eufonion]] (variant of [[eufonium]]), [[amnion]], [[ganglion]], [[gymnasion]], -- [[scholion]], [[kritérion]] (rare for [[kritérium]]), [[onomatopoion]] (variant of [[onomatopoie]]), -- [[symposion]], [[synedrion]]; also [[Byzantion]], but this is sg-only; most words in -ion are masculine -- Hard in the singular, mostly soft in the plural. Those in -eo and -uo have alternative hard endings in the -- dat/loc/ins pl, but not those in -eum. Those in -ao have only hard endings except in the gen pl. (There are -- apparently no neuters in -eon; those in -eon e.g. [[akordeon]], [[neon]], [[nukleon]] are masculine.) local dat_p, loc_p, ins_p if rfind(base.user_specified_lemma, "ao$") then dat_p, loc_p, ins_p = "ům", "ech", "y" elseif rfind(base.user_specified_lemma, "[eu]o$") then dat_p, loc_p, ins_p = {"ím", "ům"}, {"ích", "ech"}, {"i", "y"} else dat_p, loc_p, ins_p = "ím", "ích", "i" end add_decl(base, stems, "a", "u", "-", "-", "u", "em", "a", "í", dat_p, "a", loc_p, ins_p) end declprops["semisoft-n"] = { cat = "半軟語幹" } decls["soft-n"] = function(base, stems) -- Examples: [[moře]] "sea", [[slunce]] "sun", [[srdce]] "heart", [[citoslovce]] "interjection", -- [[dopoledne]] "late morning", [[odpoledne]] "afternoon", [[hoře]] "sorrow, grief" (archaic or literary), -- [[inhalace]] "inhalation", [[kafe]] "coffee", [[kanape]] "sofa", [[kutě]] "bed", [[Labe]] "Elbe (singular only)", -- [[líce]] "cheek", [[lože]] "bed", [[nebe]] "sky; heaven", [[ovoce]] "fruit", [[pole]] "field", [[poledne]] -- "noon", [[příslovce]] "adverb", [[pukrle]] "curtsey" (also t-n), [[vejce]] "egg" (NOTE: gen pl 'vajec'). -- -- Many nouns in -iště, with null genitive plural. local gen_p = rfind(base.vowel_stem, "išť$") and "" or "í" add_decl(base, stems, "e", "i", "-", "-", "i", "em", "e", gen_p, "ím", "e", "ích", "i") -- NOTE: Some neuter words in -e indeclinable, e.g. [[Belize]], [[Chile]], [[garde]] "chaperone", [[karaoke]], -- [[karate]], [[re]] "double raise (card games)", [[ukulele]], [[Zimbabwe]], [[zombie]] (pl. 'zombie' or -- 'zombies') -- some nearly indeclinable, e.g. [[finále]], [[chucpe]]; see mostly-indecl below end declprops["soft-n"] = { cat = "soft" } decls["í-n"] = function(base, stems) -- [[nábřeží]] "waterfront" and a zillion others; also [[úterý]] "Tuesday". -- NOTE: The stem ends in -í/-ý. add_decl(base, stems, "", "", "-", "-", "", "m", "", "", "m", "", "ch", "mi") end declprops["í-n"] = { cat = "GENPOS in -í/-ý" } decls["n-n"] = function(base, stems) -- E.g. [[břemeno]] "burden" (also [[břímě]], use 'decllemma:'); [[písmeno]] "letter"; [[plemeno]] "breed"; -- [[rameno]] "shoulder" (also [[rámě]], use 'decllemma:'); [[semeno]] "seed" (also [[sémě]], [[símě]], use -- 'decllemma:'); [[temeno]] "crown (of the head)"; [[vemeno]] "udder" add_decl(base, stems, {"a", "e"}, {"i", "u"}, "-", "-", {"ě", "i", "u"}, "em", "a", "", "ům", "a", "ech", "y") end declprops["n-n"] = { cat = "n-stem" } decls["tstem-n"] = function(base, stems) -- E.g. [[batole]] "toddler", [[čuně]] "pig", [[daňče]] "fallow deer fawn", [[děvče]] "girl", [[ďouče]] "girl" -- (dialectal), [[dítě]] "child" (NOTE: feminine in the plural [[děti]], declined as a feminine i-stem), [[dvojče]] -- "twin", [[hádě]] "young snake", [[house]] "gosling", [[hříbě]] "foal" (pl. hříbata), [[jehně]] "lamb", [[kavče]] -- "young jackdaw; chough", [[káče]] "duckling", [[káně]] "buzzard chick" (NOTE: also feminine meaning "buzzard"), -- [[klíště]] "tick", [[kose]] "blackbird chick" (rare), [[kuře]] "chick (young chicken)", [[kůzle]] -- "kid (young goat)", [[lišče]] "fox cub", [[lvíče]] "lion cub", [[medvídě]] "bear cub", [[mládě]] "baby animal", -- [[morče]] "guinea pig", [[mrně]] "toddler", [[nemluvně]] "infant", [[novorozeně]] "newborn", [[orle]] "eaglet", -- [[osle]] "donkey foal", [[pachole]] "boy (obsolete); page, squire", [[páže]] "page, squire", [[podsvinče]] -- "suckling pig", [[prase]] "pig", [[prtě]] "toddler", [[ptáče]] "chick (young bird)", -- [[robě]] "baby, small child", [[saranče]] "locust" (NOTE: also feminine), [[sele]] "piglet", -- [[slůně]] "baby elephant", [[škvrně]] "toddler", [[štěně]] "puppy", [[tele]] "calf", [[velbloudě]] "camel colt", -- [[vlče]] "wolf cub", [[vnouče]] "grandchild", [[vyžle]] "small hunting dog; slender person", -- [[zvíře]] "animal, beast". -- -- Some referring to inanimates, e.g. [[doupě]] "lair" (pl. doupata), [[koště]]/[[chvoště]] "broom", [[paraple]] -- "umbrella", [[poupě]] "bud", [[pukrle]] "curtsey" (also soft-n), [[rajče]] "tomato", [[šuple]] "drawer", -- [[varle]] "testicle", [[vole]] "craw (of a bird); goiter". add_decl(base, stems, "ete", "eti", "-", "-", "eti", "etem", "ata", "at", "atům", "ata", "atech", "aty") end declprops["tstem-n"] = { cat = "t-stem" } decls["ma-n"] = function(base, stems) -- E.g. [[drama]] "drama", [[dogma]] "dogma", [[aneurysma]]/[[aneuryzma]] "aneurysm", [[dilema]] "dilemma", -- [[gumma]] "gumma" (non-cancerous syphilitic growth), [[klima]] "climate", [[kóma]] "coma", [[lemma]] "lemma", -- [[melisma]] "melisma", [[paradigma]] "paradigm", [[plasma]]/[[plazma]] "plasma [partly ionized gas]" -- (note [[plasma]]/[[plazma]] "blood plasma" is feminine), [[revma]] "rheumatism", [[schéma]] "schema, diagram", -- [[schisma]]/[[schizma]] "schism", [[smegma]] "smegma", [[sofisma]]/[[sofizma]] "sophism", [[sperma]] "sperm", -- [[stigma]] "stigma", [[téma]] "theme", [[trauma]] "trauma", [[trilema]] "trilemma", [[zeugma]] "zeugma". add_decl(base, stems, "atu", "atu", "-", "-", "atu", "atem", "ata", "at", "atům", "ata", "atech", "aty") end declprops["ma-n"] = { cat = "ma-stem" } decls["adj"] = function(base, stems) local props = {} local propspec = table.concat(props, ".") if propspec ~= "" then propspec = "<" .. propspec .. ">" end local adj_alternant_multiword_spec = require("Module:cs-adjective").do_generate_forms({base.lemma .. propspec}) local function copy(from_slot, to_slot) base.forms[to_slot] = adj_alternant_multiword_spec.forms[from_slot] end if base.number ~= "pl" then if base.gender == "m" then copy("nom_m", "nom_s") copy("gen_mn", "gen_s") copy("dat_mn", "dat_s") copy("loc_mn", "loc_s") copy("ins_mn", "ins_s") elseif base.gender == "f" then copy("nom_f", "nom_s") copy("gen_f", "gen_s") copy("dat_f", "dat_s") copy("acc_f", "acc_s") copy("loc_f", "loc_s") copy("ins_f", "ins_s") else copy("nom_n", "nom_s") copy("gen_mn", "gen_s") copy("dat_mn", "dat_s") copy("acc_n", "acc_s") copy("loc_mn", "loc_s") copy("ins_mn", "ins_s") end if not base.forms.voc_s then iut.insert_forms(base.forms, "voc_s", base.forms.nom_s) end end if base.number ~= "sg" then if base.gender == "m" then if base.animacy == "an" then copy("nom_mp_an", "nom_p") else copy("nom_fp", "nom_p") end copy("acc_mfp", "acc_p") elseif base.gender == "f" then copy("nom_fp", "nom_p") copy("acc_mfp", "acc_p") else copy("nom_np", "nom_p") copy("acc_np", "acc_p") end copy("gen_p", "gen_p") copy("dat_p", "dat_p") copy("ins_p", "ins_p") copy("loc_p", "loc_p") end end local function get_stemtype(base) if rfind(base.lemma, "ý$") then return "hard" elseif rfind(base.lemma, "í$") then return "soft" else return "possessive" end end declprops["adj"] = { cat = function(base, stems) return {"adjectival POS", get_stemtype(base) .. " GENDER adjectival POS"} end, } decls["mostly-indecl"] = function(base, stems) -- Several neuters: E.g. [[finále]] "final (sports)", [[čtvrtfinále]] "quarterfinal", [[chucpe]] "chutzpah", -- [[penále]] "fine, penalty", [[promile]] "" (NOTE: loc pl also promilech), [[rande]] "rendezvous", [[semifinále]] -- "semifinal", [[skóre]] "score". -- At least one masculine animate: [[kamikaze]]/[[kamikadze]], where IJP says only -m in the ins sg. local ins_s = base.gender == "m" and "m" or {"-", "m"} add_decl(base, stems, "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", ins_s, "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-") end declprops["mostly-indecl"] = { cat = "mostly indeclinable" } decls["indecl"] = function(base, stems) -- Indeclinable. Note that fully indeclinable nouns should not have a table at all rather than one all of whose forms -- are the same; but having an indeclinable declension is useful for nouns that may or may not be indeclinable, e.g. -- [[desatero]] "group of ten" or the plural of [[peso]], which may be indeclinable 'pesos'. add_decl(base, stems, "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-") end declprops["indecl"] = { cat = function(base, stems) if base.adj then return {"adjectival POS", "indeclinable adjectival POS", "indeclinable GENDER adjectival POS"} else return {"indeclinable POS", "indeclinable GENPOS"} end end } decls["manual"] = function(base, stems) -- Anything declined manually using overrides. We don't set any declensions except the nom_s (or nom_p if plurale -- tantum). add(base, base.number == "pl" and "nom_p" or "nom_s", stems, "-") end declprops["manual"] = { desc = "GENDER", cat = {}, } local function set_pron_defaults(base) if base.gender or base.lemma ~= "ona" and base.number or base.animacy then error("Can't specify gender, number or animacy for pronouns") end local function pron_props() -- Return values are GENDER, NUMBER, ANIMACY, HAS_CLITIC. if base.lemma == "kdo" then return "none", "sg", "an", false elseif base.lemma == "co" then return "none", "sg", "inan", false elseif base.lemma == "já" or base.lemma == "ty" then return "none", "sg", "an", true elseif base.lemma == "my" or base.lemma == "vy" then return "none", "pl", "an", false elseif base.lemma == "on" then return "m", "sg", "none", true elseif base.lemma == "ono" then return "n", "sg", "inan", true elseif base.lemma == "oni" then return "m", "pl", "an", false elseif base.lemma == "ony" then return "none", "pl", "none", false elseif base.lemma == "ona" then if base.number ~= "sg" and base.number ~= "pl" then error("Must specify '.sg' or '.pl' with lemma 'ona'") end if base.number == "sg" then return "f", "sg", "none", false else return "n", "pl", "inan", false end elseif base.lemma == "sebe" then return "none", "none", "none", true else error(("Unrecognized pronoun '%s'"):format(base.lemma)) end end local gender, number, animacy, has_clitic = pron_props() base.gender = gender base.user_specified_gender = gender base.number = number base.animacy = animacy base.has_clitic = has_clitic end local function determine_pronoun_stems(base) if base.stem_sets then error("Reducible and vowel alternation specs cannot be given with pronouns") end base.stem_sets = {{reducible = false, vowel_stem = "", nonvowel_stem = ""}} base.decl = "pron" end decls["pron"] = function(base, stems) local after_prep_footnote = "[after a preposition]" if base.lemma == "kdo" then add_decl(base, stems, "koho", "komu", nil, nil, "kom", "kým") elseif base.lemma == "co" then add_decl(base, stems, "čeho", "čemu", nil, nil, "čem", "čím") elseif base.lemma == "já" then add_sg_decl_with_clitic(base, stems, "mne", "mě", "mně", "mi", nil, nil, nil, "mně", "mnou") elseif base.lemma == "ty" then add_sg_decl_with_clitic(base, stems, "tebe", "tě", "tobě", "ti", nil, nil, nil, "tobě", "tebou") elseif base.lemma == "my" then add_pl_only_decl(base, stems, "nás", "nám", "nás", "nás", "námi") elseif base.lemma == "vy" then add_pl_only_decl(base, stems, "vás", "vám", "vás", "vás", "vámi") elseif base.lemma == "on" or base.lemma == "ono" then local acc_s = base.lemma == "on" and {"jeho", "jej"} or "je" local clitic_acc_s = base.lemma == "on" and {"jej", "ho"} or "je" local prep_acc_s = base.lemma == "on" and {"něho", "něj"} or "ně" local prep_clitic_acc_s = base.lemma == "on" and "-ň" or nil add_sg_decl_with_clitic(base, stems, "jeho", "ho", "jemu", "mu", acc_s, clitic_acc_s, nil, nil, "jím") add_sg_decl_with_clitic(base, stems, "něho", nil, "němu", nil, prep_acc_s, prep_clitic_acc_s, nil, "něm", "ním", after_prep_footnote) elseif base.lemma == "ona" and base.number == "sg" then add_sg_decl(base, stems, "jí", "jí", "ji", nil, nil, "jí") add_sg_decl(base, stems, "ní", "ní", "ni", nil, "ní", "ní", after_prep_footnote) elseif base.lemma == "oni" or base.lemma == "ony" or base.lemma == "ona" then add_pl_only_decl(base, stems, "jich", "jim", "je", nil, "jimi") add_pl_only_decl(base, stems, "nich", "nim", "ně", "nich", "nimi", after_prep_footnote) elseif base.lemma == "sebe" then -- Underlyingly we handle [[sebe]]'s slots as singular. add_sg_decl_with_clitic(base, stems, "sebe", "sebe", "sobě", "si", "sebe", "se", nil, "sobě", "sebou", nil, "no nom_s") else error(("Internal error: Unrecognized pronoun lemma '%s'"):format(base.lemma)) end end declprops["pron"] = { desc = "GENDER pronoun", cat = {}, } local function set_num_defaults(base) if base.gender or base.number or base.animacy then error("Can't specify gender, number or animacy for numeral") end local function num_props() -- Return values are GENDER, NUMBER, ANIMACY, HAS_CLITIC. return "none", "pl", "none", false end local gender, number, animacy, has_clitic = num_props() base.gender = gender base.user_specified_gender = gender base.number = number base.animacy = animacy base.has_clitic = has_clitic end local function determine_numeral_stems(base) if base.stem_sets then error("Reducible and vowel alternation specs cannot be given with numerals") end local stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)" .. com.vowel_c .. "$") or base.lemma base.stem_sets = {{reducible = false, vowel_stem = stem, nonvowel_stem = stem}} base.decl = "num" end decls["num"] = function(base, stems) local after_prep_footnote = "[after a preposition]" if base.lemma == "dva" or base.lemma == "dvě" then -- in compound numbers; stem is dv- add_pl_only_decl(base, stems, "ou", "ěma", "-", "ou", "ěma") elseif base.lemma == "tři" or base.lemma == "čtyři" then -- stem is without -i local is_three = base.lemma == "tři" add_pl_only_decl(base, stems, is_three and "í" or "", "em", "-", "ech", is_three and "emi" or "mi") add_pl_only_decl(base, stems, "ech", nil, nil, nil, nil, "[colloquial]") add_pl_only_decl(base, stems, nil, nil, nil, nil, is_three and "ema" or "ma", "[when modifying a form ending in ''-ma'']") elseif base.lemma == "devět" then add_pl_only_decl(base, "", "devíti", "devíti", "-", "devíti", "devíti", stems.footnotes) elseif base.lemma == "sta" or base.lemma == "stě" or base.lemma == "set" then add_pl_only_decl(base, "", "set", "stům", "-", "stech", "sty", stems.footnotes) elseif rfind(base.lemma, "[cs]et$") then -- [[deset]] and all numbers ending in -cet ([[dvacet]], [[třicet]], [[čtyřicet]] and inverted compound -- numerals such as [[pětadvacet]] "25" and [[dvaatřicet]] "32") local begin = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)et$") add_pl_only_decl(base, stems, "i", "i", "-", "i", "i") add_pl_only_decl(base, begin, "íti", "íti", "-", "íti", "íti", stems.footnotes) elseif rfind(base.lemma, "oje$") then -- [[dvoje]], [[troje]] -- stem is without -e add_pl_only_decl(base, stems, "ích", "ím", "-", "ích", "ími") elseif rfind(base.lemma, "ery$") then -- [[čtvery]], [[patery]], [[šestery]], [[sedmery]], [[osmery]], [[devatery]], [[desatery]] -- stem is without -y add_pl_only_decl(base, stems, "ých", "ým", "-", "ých", "ými") else add_pl_only_decl(base, stems, "i", "i", "-", "i", "i") end end declprops["num"] = { desc = "GENDER numeral", cat = {}, } local function set_det_defaults(base) if base.gender or base.number or base.animacy then error("Can't specify gender, number or animacy for determiner") end local function det_props() -- Return values are GENDER, NUMBER, ANIMACY, HAS_CLITIC. return "none", "none", "none", false end local gender, number, animacy, has_clitic = det_props() base.gender = gender base.user_specified_gender = gender base.number = number base.animacy = animacy base.has_clitic = has_clitic end local function determine_determiner_stems(base) if base.stem_sets then error("Reducible and vowel alternation specs cannot be given with determiners") end local stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)" .. com.vowel_c .. "$") or base.lemma base.stem_sets = {{reducible = false, vowel_stem = stem, nonvowel_stem = stem}} base.decl = "det" end decls["det"] = function(base, stems) add_sg_decl(base, stems, "a", "a", "-", nil, "a", "a") end declprops["det"] = { desc = "GENDER determiner", cat = {}, } local function fetch_footnotes(separated_group) local footnotes for j = 2, #separated_group - 1, 2 do if separated_group[j + 1] ~= "" then error("Extraneous text after bracketed footnotes: '" .. table.concat(separated_group) .. "'") end if not footnotes then footnotes = {} end table.insert(footnotes, separated_group[j]) end return footnotes end --[=[ Parse a single override spec (e.g. 'nomplé:ové' or 'ins:autodráhou:autodrahou[rare]') and return two values: the slot(s) the override applies to, and an object describing the override spec. The input is actually a list where the footnotes have been separated out; for example, given the spec 'inspl:čobotami:čobotámi[rare]:čobitmi[archaic]', the input will be a list {"inspl:čobotami:čobotámi", "[rare]", ":čobitmi", "[archaic]", ""}. The object returned for 'ins:autodráhou:autodrahou[rare]' looks like this: { full = true, values = { { form = "autodráhou" }, { form = "autodrahou", footnotes = {"[rare]"} } } } The object returned for 'nomplé:ové' looks like this: { values = { { form = "é", }, { form = "ové", } } } ]=] local function parse_override(segments) local retval = {values = {}} local part = segments[1] local slots = {} while true do local case = usub(part, 1, 3) if cases[case] then -- ok else error(("Unrecognized case '%s' in override: '%s'"):format(case, table.concat(segments))) end part = usub(part, 4) local slot if rfind(part, "^pl") then part = usub(part, 3) slot = case .. "_p" elseif rfind(part, "^cl") then -- No plural clitic cases at this point. part = usub(part, 3) if clitic_cases[case] then slot = "clitic_" .. case .. "_s" else error(("Unrecognized clitic case '%s' in override: '%s'"):format(case, table.concat(segments))) end else slot = case .. "_s" end table.insert(slots, slot) if rfind(part, "^%+") then part = usub(part, 2) else break end end if rfind(part, "^:") then retval.full = true part = usub(part, 2) end segments[1] = part local colon_separated_groups = put.split_alternating_runs_and_strip_spaces(segments, ":") for i, colon_separated_group in ipairs(colon_separated_groups) do local value = {} local form = colon_separated_group[1] if form == "" then error(("Use - to indicate an empty ending for slot%s '%s': '%s'"):format(#slots > 1 and "s" or "", table.concat(slots), table.concat(segments))) elseif form == "-" then value.form = "" else value.form = form end value.footnotes = fetch_footnotes(colon_separated_group) table.insert(retval.values, value) end return slots, retval end --[=[ Parse an indicator spec (text consisting of angle brackets and zero or more dot-separated indicators within them). Return value is an object of the form { overrides = { SLOT = {OVERRIDE, OVERRIDE, ...}, -- as returned by parse_override() ... }, forms = {}, -- forms for a single spec alternant; see `forms` below footnotes = {"FOOTNOTE", "FOOTNOTE", ...}, -- may be missing stems = { -- may be missing { reducible = TRUE_OR_FALSE, footnotes = {"FOOTNOTE", "FOOTNOTE", ...}, -- may be missing -- The following fields are filled in by determine_stems() vowel_stem = "STEM", nonvowel_stem = "STEM", oblique_slots = one of {nil, "gen_p", "all", "all-oblique"}, oblique_vowel_stem = "STEM" or nil (only needs to be set if oblique_slots is non-nil), oblique_nonvowel_stem = "STEM" or nil (only needs to be set if oblique_slots is non-nil), }, ... }, gender = "GENDER", -- "m", "f", "n" number = "NUMBER", -- "sg", "pl"; may be missing animacy = "ANIMACY", -- "inan", "an"; may be missing hard = true, -- may be missing soft = true, -- may be missing mixed = true, -- may be missing surname = true, -- may be missing istem = true, -- may be missing ["-istem"] = true, -- may be missing tstem = true, -- may be missing nstem = true, -- may be missing tech = true, -- may be missing foreign = true, -- may be missing mostlyindecl = true, -- may be missing indecl = true, -- may be missing manual = true, -- may be missing adj = true, -- may be missing decllemma = "DECLENSION-LEMMA", -- may be missing declgender = "DECLENSION-GENDER", -- may be missing -- The following additional fields are added by other functions: orig_lemma = "ORIGINAL-LEMMA", -- as given by the user orig_lemma_no_links = "ORIGINAL-LEMMA-NO-LINKS", -- links removed lemma = "LEMMA", -- `orig_lemma_no_links`, converted to singular form if plural and lowercase if all-uppercase forms = { SLOT = { { form = "FORM", footnotes = {"FOOTNOTE", "FOOTNOTE", ...} -- may be missing }, ... }, ... }, decl = "DECL", -- declension, e.g. "hard-m" vowel_stem = "VOWEL-STEM", -- derived from vowel-ending lemmas nonvowel_stem = "NONVOWEL-STEM", -- derived from non-vowel-ending lemmas } ]=] local function parse_indicator_spec(angle_bracket_spec) local inside = rmatch(angle_bracket_spec, "^<(.*)>$") assert(inside) local base = {overrides = {}, forms = {}} if inside ~= "" then local segments = put.parse_balanced_segment_run(inside, "[", "]") local dot_separated_groups = put.split_alternating_runs_and_strip_spaces(segments, "%.") for i, dot_separated_group in ipairs(dot_separated_groups) do local part = dot_separated_group[1] local case_prefix = usub(part, 1, 3) if cases[case_prefix] then local slots, override = parse_override(dot_separated_group) for _, slot in ipairs(slots) do if base.overrides[slot] then error(("Two overrides specified for slot '%s'"):format(slot)) else base.overrides[slot] = {override} end end elseif part == "" then if #dot_separated_group == 1 then error("Blank indicator: '" .. inside .. "'") end base.footnotes = fetch_footnotes(dot_separated_group) elseif rfind(part, "^[-*#ě]*$") or rfind(part, "^[-*#ě]*,") then if base.stem_sets then error("Can't specify reducible/vowel-alternant indicator twice: '" .. inside .. "'") end local comma_separated_groups = put.split_alternating_runs_and_strip_spaces(dot_separated_group, ",") local stem_sets = {} for i, comma_separated_group in ipairs(comma_separated_groups) do local pattern = comma_separated_group[1] local orig_pattern = pattern local reducible, vowelalt, oblique_slots if pattern == "-" then -- default reducible, no vowel alt else local before, after before, reducible, after = rmatch(pattern, "^(.-)(%-?%*)(.-)$") if before then pattern = before .. after reducible = reducible == "*" end if pattern ~= "" then if not rfind(pattern, "^##?ě?$") then error("Unrecognized vowel-alternation pattern '" .. pattern .. "', should be one of #, ##, #ě or ##ě: '" .. inside .. "'") end if pattern == "#ě" or pattern == "##ě" then vowelalt = "quant-ě" else vowelalt = "quant" end -- `oblique_slots` will be later changed to "all" if the lemma ends in a consonant. if pattern == "##" or pattern == "##ě" then oblique_slots = "all-oblique" else oblique_slots = "gen_p" end end end table.insert(stem_sets, { reducible = reducible, vowelalt = vowelalt, oblique_slots = oblique_slots, footnotes = fetch_footnotes(comma_separated_group) }) end base.stem_sets = stem_sets elseif #dot_separated_group > 1 then error("Footnotes only allowed with slot overrides, reducible or vowel alternation specs or by themselves: '" .. table.concat(dot_separated_group) .. "'") elseif part == "m" or part == "f" or part == "n" then if base.gender then error("Can't specify gender twice: '" .. inside .. "'") end base.gender = part elseif part == "sg" or part == "pl" then if base.number then error("Can't specify number twice: '" .. inside .. "'") end base.number = part elseif part == "an" or part == "inan" then if base.animacy then error("Can't specify animacy twice: '" .. inside .. "'") end base.animacy = part elseif part == "hard" or part == "soft" or part == "mixed" or part == "surname" or part == "istem" or part == "-istem" or part == "tstem" or part == "nstem" or part == "tech" or part == "foreign" or part == "mostlyindecl" or part == "indecl" or part == "pron" or part == "det" or part == "num" then if base[part] then error("Can't specify '" .. part .. "' twice: '" .. inside .. "'") end base[part] = true -- Allow 'hard' to signal that -y is allowed after -c, as in hard masculine nouns such as [[hec]] -- "joke", and also feminines in -ca where the c is pronounced as /k/, e.g. [[ayahuasca]], [[pororoca]], -- [[Petrarca]], [[Mallorca]], [[Casablanca]]. (Contrast [[mangalica]], [[Kusturica]], [[Bjelica]], -- where the c is pronounced as /ts/ and -y is disallowed.) if part == "hard" then base.hard_c = true end elseif part == "+" then if base.adj then error("Can't specify '+' twice: '" .. inside .. "'") end base.adj = true elseif part == "!" then if base.manual then error("Can't specify '!' twice: '" .. inside .. "'") end base.manual = true elseif rfind(part, "^mixedistem:") then if base.mixedistem then error("Can't specify 'mixedistem:' twice: '" .. inside .. "'") end base.mixedistem = rsub(part, "^mixedistem:", "") elseif rfind(part, "^decllemma:") then if base.decllemma then error("Can't specify 'decllemma:' twice: '" .. inside .. "'") end base.decllemma = rsub(part, "^decllemma:", "") elseif rfind(part, "^declgender:") then if base.declgender then error("Can't specify 'declgender:' twice: '" .. inside .. "'") end base.declgender = rsub(part, "^declgender:", "") else error("Unrecognized indicator '" .. part .. "': '" .. inside .. "'") end end end return base end local function is_regular_noun(base) return not base.adj and not base.pron and not base.det and not base.num end local function set_defaults_and_check_bad_indicators(base) -- Set default values. local regular_noun = is_regular_noun(base) if base.pron then set_pron_defaults(base) elseif base.det then set_det_defaults(base) elseif base.num then set_num_defaults(base) elseif not base.adj then if not base.gender then if base.manual then base.gender = "none" else error("For nouns, gender must be specified") end end base.number = base.number or "both" base.animacy = base.animacy or "inan" base.user_specified_gender = base.gender base.user_specified_animacy = base.animacy if base.declgender then if base.declgender == "m-an" then base.gender = "m" base.animacy = "an" elseif base.declgender == "m-in" then base.gender = "m" base.animacy = "inan" elseif base.declgender == "f" or base.declgender == "n" then base.gender = base.declgender else error(("Unrecognized value '%s' for 'declgender', should be 'm-an', 'm-in', 'f' or 'n'"):format(base.declgender)) end end end -- Check for bad indicator combinations. if (base.hard and 1 or 0) + (base.soft and 1 or 0) + (base.mixed and 1 or 0) > 1 then error("At most one of 'hard', 'soft' and 'mixed' can be specified") end if base.istem and base["-istem"] then error("'istem' and '-istem' cannot be specified together") end if (base.istem or base["-istem"]) then if base.gender ~= "f" then error("'istem' and '-istem' can only be specified with the feminine gender") end if not regular_noun then error("'istem' and '-istem' can only be specified with regular nouns") end end if base.declgender and not regular_noun then error("'declgender' can only be specified with regular nouns") end end local function set_all_defaults_and_check_bad_indicators(alternant_multiword_spec) local is_multiword = #alternant_multiword_spec.alternant_or_word_specs > 1 iut.map_word_specs(alternant_multiword_spec, function(base) set_defaults_and_check_bad_indicators(base) base.multiword = is_multiword -- FIXME: not currently used; consider deleting alternant_multiword_spec.has_clitic = alternant_multiword_spec.has_clitic or base.has_clitic if base.pron then alternant_multiword_spec.saw_pron = true else alternant_multiword_spec.saw_non_pron = true end if base.det then alternant_multiword_spec.saw_det = true else alternant_multiword_spec.saw_non_det = true end if base.num then alternant_multiword_spec.saw_num = true else alternant_multiword_spec.saw_non_num = true end end) end local function undo_second_palatalization(base, word, is_adjective) local function try(from, to) local stem = rmatch(word, "^(.*)" .. from .. "$") if stem then return stem .. to end return nil end return is_adjective and try("št", "sk") or is_adjective and try("čt", "ck") or try("c", "k") or -- FIXME, this could be wrong and c correct try("ř", "r") or try("z", "h") or -- FIXME, this could be wrong and z or g correct try("š", "ch") or word end -- For a plural-only lemma, synthesize a likely singular lemma. It doesn't have to be -- theoretically correct as long as it generates all the correct plural forms. local function synthesize_singular_lemma(base) if not base.stem_sets then base.stem_sets = {{}} end local lemma_determined -- Loop over all stem sets in case the user specified multiple ones (e.g. '*,-*'). If we try to reconstruct -- different lemmas for different stem sets, we'll throw an error below. for _, stems in ipairs(base.stem_sets) do local stem, lemma while true do if base.indecl then -- If specified as indeclinable, leave it alone; e.g. 'pesos' indeclinable plural of [[peso]]. lemma = base.lemma break elseif base.gender == "m" then if base.animacy == "an" then stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)i$") if stem then if base.soft then -- [[Blíženci]] "Gemini" -- Since the nominative singular has no ending. lemma = com.convert_paired_plain_to_palatal(stem, ending) else lemma = undo_second_palatalization(base, stem) end else stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)ové$") or rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)é$") if stem then -- [[manželé]] "married couple", [[Velšané]] "Welsh people" lemma = stem else error(("Animate masculine plural-only lemma '%s' should end in -i, -ové or -é"):format(base.lemma)) end end else stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)y$") if stem then -- [[droby]] "giblets"; [[tvarůžky]] "Olomouc cheese"; [[alimenty]] "alimony"; etc. lemma = stem else local ending stem, ending = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)([eě])$") if stem then -- [[peníze]] "money", [[tvargle]] "Olomouc cheese" (mixed declension), [[údaje]] "data", -- [[Lazce]] (a village), [[lováče]] "money", [[Krkonoše]] "Giant Mountains", [[kříže]] "clubs" lemma = com.convert_paired_plain_to_palatal(stem, ending) if not base.mixed then base.soft = true end else error(("Inanimate masculine plural-only lemma '%s' should end in -y, -e or -ě"):format(base.lemma)) end end end if stems.reducible == nil then if rfind(lemma, com.cons_c .. "[ck]$") and not com.is_monosyllabic(base.lemma) then stems.reducible = true end if stems.reducible then lemma = dereduce(lemma) end end break elseif base.gender == "f" then stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)y$") if stem then lemma = stem .. "a" break end stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)[eě]$") if stem then -- Singular like the plural. Cons-stem feminines like [[dlaň]] "palm (of the hand)" have identical -- plurals to soft-stem feminines like [[růže]] (modulo e/ě differences), so we don't need to -- reconstruct the former type. lemma = base.lemma break end stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)i$") if stem then -- i-stems. lemma = stem base.istem = true break end error(("Feminine plural-only lemma '%s' should end in -y, -ě, -e or -i"):format(base.lemma)) elseif base.gender == "n" then -- -ata nouns like [[slůně]] "baby elephant" nom pl 'slůňata' are declined in the plural same as if -- the singular were 'slůňato' so we don't have to worry about them. stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)a$") if stem then lemma = stem .. "o" break end stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)[eěí]$") if stem then -- singular lemma also in -e, -ě or -í; e.g. [[věčná loviště]] "[[happy hunting ground]]" lemma = base.lemma break end error(("Neuter plural-only lemma '%s' should end in -a, -í, -ě or -e"):format(base.lemma)) else error(("Internal error: Unrecognized gender '%s'"):format(base.gender)) end end if lemma_determined and lemma_determined ~= lemma then error(("Attempt to set two different singular lemmas '%s' and '%s'"):format(lemma_determined, lemma)) end lemma_determined = lemma end base.lemma = lemma_determined end -- For an adjectival lemma, synthesize the masc singular form. local function synthesize_adj_lemma(base) local stem if base.indecl then base.decl = "indecl" stem = base.lemma else local gender, number local function sub_ov(stem) stem = stem:gsub("ov$", "ův") return stem end while true do if base.number == "pl" then if base.gender == "m" then stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)í$") if stem then if base.soft then -- nothing to do else if base.animacy ~= "an" then error(("Masculine plural-only adjectival lemma '%s' ending in -í can only be animate unless '.soft' is specified"): format(base.lemma)) end base.lemma = undo_second_palatalization(base, stem, "is adjective") .. "ý" end break end stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)é$") if stem then if base.animacy == "an" then error(("Masculine plural-only adjectival lemma '%s' ending in -é must be inanimate"): format(base.lemma)) end base.lemma = stem .. "ý" break end stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*ov)i$") or rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*in)i$") if stem then if base.animacy ~= "an" then error(("Masculine plural-only possessive adjectival lemma '%s' ending in -i must be animate"): format(base.lemma)) end base.lemma = sub_ov(stem) break end stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*ov)y$") or rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*in)y$") if stem then if base.animacy == "an" then error(("Masculine plural-only possessive adjectival lemma '%s' ending in -y must be inanimate"): format(base.lemma)) end base.lemma = sub_ov(stem) break end if base.animacy == "an" then error(("Animate masculine plural-only adjectival lemma '%s' should end in -í, -ovi or -ini"): format(base.lemma)) elseif base.soft then error(("Soft masculine plural-only adjectival lemma '%s' should end in -í"):format(base.lemma)) else error(("Inanimate masculine plural-only adjectival lemma '%s' should end in -é, -ovy or -iny"): format(base.lemma)) end elseif base.gender == "f" then stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)é$") -- hard adjective if stem then base.lemma = stem .. "ý" break end stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)í$") -- soft adjective if stem then break end stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*ov)y$") or rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*in)y$") -- possessive adjective if stem then base.lemma = sub_ov(stem) break end error(("Feminine plural-only adjectival lemma '%s' should end in -é, -í, -ovy or -iny"):format(base.lemma)) else stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)á$") -- hard adjective if stem then base.lemma = stem .. "ý" break end stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)í$") -- soft adjective if stem then break end stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*ov)a$") or rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*in)a$") -- possessive adjective if stem then base.lemma = sub_ov(stem) break end error(("Neuter plural-only adjectival lemma '%s' should end in -á, -í, -ova or -ina"):format(base.lemma)) end else if base.gender == "m" then stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)[ýí]$") or rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)ův$") or rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)in$") if stem then break end error(("Masculine adjectival lemma '%s' should end in -ý, -í, -ův or -in"):format(base.lemma)) elseif base.gender == "f" then stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)á$") if stem then base.lemma = stem .. "ý" break end stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)í$") if stem then break end stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*ov)a$") or rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*in)a$") if stem then base.lemma = sub_ov(stem) break end error(("Feminine adjectival lemma '%s' should end in -á, -í, -ova or -ina"):format(base.lemma)) else stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)é$") if stem then base.lemma = stem .. "ý" break end stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)í$") if stem then break end stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*ov)o$") or rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*in)o$") if stem then base.lemma = sub_ov(stem) break end error(("Neuter adjectival lemma '%s' should end in -é, -í, -ovo or -ino"):format(base.lemma)) end end end base.decl = "adj" end -- Now set the stem sets if not given. -- Now set the stem sets if not given. if not base.stem_sets then base.stem_sets = {{reducible = false}} end for _, stems in ipairs(base.stem_sets) do -- Set the stems. stems.vowel_stem = stem stems.nonvowel_stem = stem end end -- Determine the declension based on the lemma, gender and number. The declension is set in base.decl. In the process, -- we set either base.vowel_stem (if the lemma ends in a vowel) or base.nonvowel_stem (if the lemma does not end in a -- vowel), which is used by determine_stems(). In some cases (specifically with certain foreign nouns), we set -- base.lemma to a new value; this is as if the user specified 'decllemma:'. local function determine_declension(base) if base.mostlyindecl then base.decl = "mostly-indecl" base.nonvowel_stem = base.lemma return end if base.indecl then base.decl = "indecl" base.nonvowel_stem = base.lemma return end -- Determine declension stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)a$") if stem then if base.gender == "m" then if base.animacy ~= "an" then error("Masculine lemma in -a must be animate") end base.decl = "a-m" elseif base.gender == "f" then if base.hard then -- e.g. [[doňa]], which seems not to have soft alternates as [[piraňa]] does (despite IJP; but see the note at the -- bottom) base.decl = "hard-f" elseif rfind(stem, "e$") then -- [[idea]], [[diarea]] (subtype '.tech'), [[Korea]], etc. base.decl = "ea-f" elseif rfind(stem, "i$") then -- [[signoria]], [[sinfonia]], [[paranoia]], etc. base.decl = "ia-f" elseif rfind(stem, "[ou]$") then -- [[stoa]], [[kongrua]], [[Samoa]], [[Nikaragua]], etc. base.decl = "oa-f" elseif rfind(stem, "^" .. com.lowercase_c .. ".*[ňj]$") then -- [[maracuja]], [[papája]], [[sója]]; [[piraňa]] etc. Not [[Táňa]], [[Darja]], [[Troja]]/[[Trója]], which decline -- like [[gejša]], [[skica]], etc. (subtype of hard feminines). base.decl = "mixed-f" else base.decl = "hard-f" end elseif base.gender == "n" then if rfind(stem, "m$") then base.decl = "ma-n" else error("Lemma ending in -a and neuter must end in -ma") end end base.vowel_stem = stem return end local ending stem, ending = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)([eě])$") if stem then if ending == "ě" then stem = com.convert_paired_plain_to_palatal(stem) end if base.gender == "m" then if base.foreign then -- [[software]] and similar English-derived nouns with silent -e; set the lemma here as if decllemma: were given base.lemma = stem base.nonvowel_stem = stem base.decl = "hard-m" return end if base.tstem then if base.animacy ~= "an" then error("T-stem masculine lemma in -e must be animate") end base.decl = "tstem-m" elseif rfind(stem, "i") then -- [[zombie]], [[hippie]], [[yuppie]], [[rowdie]] base.decl = "ie-m" else base.decl = "e-m" end elseif base.gender == "f" then base.decl = "soft-f" else if base.tstem then base.decl = "tstem-n" else base.decl = "soft-n" end end base.vowel_stem = stem return end stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)o$") if stem then if base.gender == "m" then -- Cf. [[maestro]] m. base.decl = "o-m" elseif base.gender == "f" then -- [[zoo]]; [[Žemaitsko]]? error("Feminine nouns in -o are indeclinable; use '.indecl' if needed") elseif base.nstem then base.decl = "n-n" elseif base.hard then base.decl = "hard-n" elseif rfind(stem, "[aeiuy]$") then -- These have gen pl in -í and often other soft plural endings. base.decl = "semisoft-n" else base.decl = "hard-n" end base.vowel_stem = stem return end stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*[iy])$") if stem then if base.gender == "m" then if base.soft then -- [[gay]] "gay man", [[gray]] "gray (scientific unit)", [[Nagy]] (surname) base.decl = "soft-m" else -- Cf. [[kivi]] "kiwi (bird)", [[husky]] "kusky", etc. base.decl = "i-m" end elseif base.gender == "f" then if base.soft then -- [[Uruguay]], [[Paraguay]] base.decl = "soft-f" else -- [[máti]], [[pramáti]]; note also indeclinable [[tsunami]]/[[cunami]], [[okapi]] base.decl = "i-f" if stem:find("i$") then stem = stem:gsub("i$", "") else error("Feminine nouns in -y are either soft or indeclinable; use '.soft' or '.indecl' as needed") end end else error("Neuter nouns in -i are indeclinable; use '.indecl' if needed") end base.vowel_stem = stem return end stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*u)$") if stem then if base.gender == "m" then -- Cf. [[emu]], [[guru]], etc. base.decl = "u-m" elseif base.gender == "f" then -- Only one I know is [[budižkničemu]], which is indeclinable in the singular and declines in the plural as -- if written 'budižkničema'. error("Feminine nouns in -u are indeclinable; use '.indecl' if needed") else error("Neuter nouns in -u are indeclinable; use '.indecl' if needed") end base.vowel_stem = stem return end stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*[íý])$") if stem then if base.gender == "m" then base.decl = "í-m" elseif base.gender == "f" then -- FIXME: Do any exist? If not, update this message. error("Support for non-adjectival non-indeclinable feminine nouns in -í/-ý not yet implemented") else base.decl = "í-n" end base.vowel_stem = stem return end stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*" .. com.cons_c .. ")$") if stem then if base.gender == "m" then if base.foreign then -- [[komunismus]] "communism", [[kosmos]] "cosmos", [[hádes]] "Hades" stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)[ueo]s$") if not stem then error("Unrecognized masculine foreign ending, should be -us, -es or -os") end if not base.hard and (rfind(stem, "[ei]$") and base.animacy == "an" or rfind(stem, "i$") and base.animacy == "inan") then -- [[genius]], [[basileus]], [[rádius]]; not [[nukleus]], [[choreus]] (inanimate); not -- [[skarabeus]] (animate), which should specify 'hard' base.decl = "semisoft-m" else base.decl = "hard-m" end -- set the lemma here as if decllemma: were given base.lemma = stem elseif base.hard then base.decl = "hard-m" elseif base.soft then base.decl = "soft-m" elseif base.mixed then base.decl = "mixed-m" elseif rfind(base.lemma, com.inherently_soft_c .. "$") or rfind(base.lemma, "tel$") then base.decl = "soft-m" else base.decl = "hard-m" end elseif base.gender == "f" then if base.mixedistem then base.decl = "mixed-istem-f" elseif base.istem then base.decl = "istem-f" elseif base["-istem"] then base.decl = "cons-f" elseif rfind(base.lemma, "st$") then -- Numerous abstracts in -ost; also [[kost]], [[část]], [[srst]], [[bolest]] base.decl = "istem-f" else base.decl = "cons-f" end elseif base.gender == "n" then if base.foreign then stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)um$") or rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)on$") if not stem then error("Unrecognized neuter foreign ending, should be -um or -on") end if base.hard then base.decl = "hard-n" elseif rfind(stem, "[ei]$") then base.decl = "semisoft-n" else base.decl = "hard-n" end -- set the lemma here as if decllemma: were given base.lemma = stem .. "o" base.vowel_stem = stem return else error("Neuter nouns ending in a consonant should use '.foreign' or '.decllemma:...'") end end base.nonvowel_stem = stem return end error("Unrecognized ending for lemma: '" .. base.lemma .. "'") end -- Determine the default value for the 'reducible' flag. local function determine_default_reducible(base) -- Nouns in vowels other than -a/o as well as masculine nouns ending in all vowels don't have null endings so not -- reducible. Note, we are never called on adjectival nouns. if rfind(base.lemma, "[iyuíeě]$") or base.gender == "m" and rfind(base.lemma, "[ao]$") or base.tstem then base.default_reducible = false return end local stem stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*" .. com.cons_c .. ")$") if stem then -- When analyzing existing manual declensions in -ec and -ek, 290 were reducible vs. 23 non-reducible. Of these -- 23, 15 were monosyllabic (and none of the 290 reducible nouns were monosyllabic) -- and two of these were -- actually reducible but irregularly: [[švec]] "shoemaker" (gen sg 'ševce') and [[žnec]] "reaper (person)" -- (gen sg. 'žence'). Of the remaining 8 multisyllabic non-reducible words, two were actually reducible but -- irregularly: [[stařec]] "old man" (gen sg 'starce') and [[tkadlec]] "weaver" (gen sg 'tkalce'). The remaining -- six consisted of 5 compounds of monosyllabic words: [[dotek]], [[oblek]], [[kramflek]], [[pucflek]], -- [[pokec]], plus [[česnek]], which should be reducible but would lead to an impossible consonant cluster. if base.gender == "m" and rfind(stem, "[eě][ck]$") and not com.is_monosyllabic(stem) then base.default_reducible = true elseif base.gender == "f" and rfind(stem, "[eě]ň$") then -- [[pochodeň]] "torch", [[píseň]] "leather", [[žeň]] "harvest"; not [[reveň]] "rhubarb" or [[dřeň]] "pulp", -- which need an override. base.default_reducible = true else base.default_reducible = false end return end if base.number == "sg" then base.default_reducible = false return end if rfind(base.lemma, "isko$") then -- e.g. [[středisko]] base.default_reducible = "mixed" return end stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)" .. com.vowel_c .. "$") if not stem then error(("Internal error: Something wrong, lemma '%s' doesn't end in consonant or vowel"):format(base.lemma)) end -- Substitute 'ch' with a single character to make the following code simpler. stem = stem:gsub("ch", com.TEMP_CH) if rfind(stem, com.cons_c .. "[lr]" .. com.cons_c .. "$") then -- [[vrba]], [[vlha]]; not reducible. (But note [[jablko]], reducible; needs override.) base.default_reducible = false elseif not base.foreign and rfind(stem, com.cons_c .. "[bkhlrmnv]$") then base.default_reducible = true elseif base.foreign and rfind(stem, com.cons_c .. "r$") then -- Foreign nouns in -CCum seem generally non-reducible in the gen pl except for those in -Crum like [[centrum]], -- Examples: [[album]], [[verbum]], [[signum]], [[interregnum]], [[sternum]]. [[infernum]] has gen pl 'infern/inferen'. base.default_reducible = true else base.default_reducible = false end end -- Determine the stems to use for each stem set: vowel and nonvowel stems, for singular -- and plural. We assume that one of base.vowel_stem or base.nonvowel_stem has been -- set in determine_declension(), depending on whether the lemma ends in -- a vowel. We construct all the rest given the reducibility, vowel alternation spec and -- any explicit stems given. We store the determined stems inside of the stem-set objects -- in `base.stem_sets`, meaning that if the user gave multiple reducible or vowel-alternation -- patterns, we will compute multiple sets of stems. The reason is that the stems may vary -- depending on the reducibility and vowel alternation. local function determine_stems(base) if not base.stem_sets then base.stem_sets = {{}} end -- Set default reducible and check for default mixed reducible, which needs to be expanded into two entries. local default_mixed_reducible = false for _, stems in ipairs(base.stem_sets) do if stems.reducible == nil then stems.reducible = base.default_reducible end if stems.reducible == "mixed" then default_mixed_reducible = true end end if default_mixed_reducible then local new_stem_sets = {} for _, stems in ipairs(base.stem_sets) do if stems.reducible == "mixed" then local non_reducible_copy = m_table.shallowcopy(stems) non_reducible_copy.reducible = false stems.reducible = true table.insert(new_stem_sets, stems) table.insert(new_stem_sets, non_reducible_copy) else table.insert(new_stem_sets, stems) end end base.stem_sets = new_stem_sets end -- Now determine all the stems for each stem set. for _, stems in ipairs(base.stem_sets) do local lemma_is_vowel_stem = not not base.vowel_stem if base.vowel_stem then stems.vowel_stem = base.vowel_stem stems.nonvowel_stem = stems.vowel_stem -- Apply vowel alternation first in cases like jádro -> jader; apply_vowel_alternation() will throw an error -- if the vowel being modified isn't the last vowel in the stem. stems.oblique_nonvowel_stem = com.apply_vowel_alternation(stems.vowelalt, stems.nonvowel_stem) if stems.reducible then stems.nonvowel_stem = dereduce(stems.nonvowel_stem) stems.oblique_nonvowel_stem = dereduce(stems.oblique_nonvowel_stem) end else stems.nonvowel_stem = base.nonvowel_stem -- The user specified #, #ě, ## or ##ě and we're dealing with a term like masculine [[bůh]] or feminine -- [[sůl]] that ends in a consonant. In this case, all slots except the nom_s and maybe acc_s have vowel -- alternation. if stems.oblique_slots then stems.oblique_slots = "all" end stems.oblique_nonvowel_stem = com.apply_vowel_alternation(stems.vowelalt, stems.nonvowel_stem) if stems.reducible then stems.vowel_stem = com.reduce(base.nonvowel_stem) if not stems.vowel_stem then error("Unable to reduce stem '" .. base.nonvowel_stem .. "'") end else stems.vowel_stem = base.nonvowel_stem end end stems.oblique_vowel_stem = com.apply_vowel_alternation(stems.vowelalt, stems.vowel_stem) end end local function detect_indicator_spec(base) if base.pron then determine_pronoun_stems(base) elseif base.det then determine_determiner_stems(base) elseif base.num then determine_numeral_stems(base) elseif base.adj then synthesize_adj_lemma(base) elseif base.manual then if base.stem_sets then -- FIXME, maybe this should be allowed? error("Reducible and vowel alternation specs cannot be given with manual declensions") end base.stem_sets = {{reducible = false, vowel_stem = "", nonvowel_stem = ""}} base.decl = "manual" else if base.number == "pl" then synthesize_singular_lemma(base) end determine_declension(base) determine_default_reducible(base) determine_stems(base) end end local function detect_all_indicator_specs(alternant_multiword_spec) -- Keep track of all genders seen in the singular and plural so we can determine whether to add the term to -- [[:Category:Czech nouns that change gender in the plural]]. alternant_multiword_spec.sg_genders = {} alternant_multiword_spec.pl_genders = {} iut.map_word_specs(alternant_multiword_spec, function(base) detect_indicator_spec(base) if base.number ~= "pl" then alternant_multiword_spec.sg_genders[base.user_specified_gender] = true end if base.number ~= "sg" then -- All t-stem masculines are neuter in the plural. local plgender if base.decl == "tstem-m" then plgender = "n" else plgender = base.user_specified_gender end alternant_multiword_spec.pl_genders[plgender] = true end end) if (alternant_multiword_spec.saw_pron and 1 or 0) + (alternant_multiword_spec.saw_det and 1 or 0) + (alternant_multiword_spec.saw_num and 1 or 0) > 1 then error("Can't combine pronouns, determiners and/or numerals") end end local propagate_multiword_properties local function propagate_alternant_properties(alternant_spec, property, mixed_value, nouns_only) local seen_property for _, multiword_spec in ipairs(alternant_spec.alternants) do propagate_multiword_properties(multiword_spec, property, mixed_value, nouns_only) if seen_property == nil then seen_property = multiword_spec[property] elseif multiword_spec[property] and seen_property ~= multiword_spec[property] then seen_property = mixed_value end end alternant_spec[property] = seen_property end propagate_multiword_properties = function(multiword_spec, property, mixed_value, nouns_only) local seen_property = nil local last_seen_nounal_pos = 0 local word_specs = multiword_spec.alternant_or_word_specs or multiword_spec.word_specs for i = 1, #word_specs do local is_nounal if word_specs[i].alternants then propagate_alternant_properties(word_specs[i], property, mixed_value) is_nounal = not not word_specs[i][property] elseif nouns_only then is_nounal = is_regular_noun(word_specs[i]) else is_nounal = not not word_specs[i][property] end if is_nounal then if not word_specs[i][property] then error("Internal error: noun-type word spec without " .. property .. " set") end for j = last_seen_nounal_pos + 1, i - 1 do word_specs[j][property] = word_specs[j][property] or word_specs[i][property] end last_seen_nounal_pos = i if seen_property == nil then seen_property = word_specs[i][property] elseif seen_property ~= word_specs[i][property] then seen_property = mixed_value end end end if last_seen_nounal_pos > 0 then for i = last_seen_nounal_pos + 1, #word_specs do word_specs[i][property] = word_specs[i][property] or word_specs[last_seen_nounal_pos][property] end end multiword_spec[property] = seen_property end local function propagate_properties_downward(alternant_multiword_spec, property, default_propval) local function set_and_fetch(obj, default) local retval if obj[property] then retval = obj[property] else obj[property] = default retval = default end if not obj["user_specified_" .. property] then obj["user_specified_" .. property] = retval end return retval end local propval1 = set_and_fetch(alternant_multiword_spec, default_propval) for _, alternant_or_word_spec in ipairs(alternant_multiword_spec.alternant_or_word_specs) do local propval2 = set_and_fetch(alternant_or_word_spec, propval1) if alternant_or_word_spec.alternants then for _, multiword_spec in ipairs(alternant_or_word_spec.alternants) do local propval3 = set_and_fetch(multiword_spec, propval2) for _, word_spec in ipairs(multiword_spec.word_specs) do local propval4 = set_and_fetch(word_spec, propval3) if propval4 == "mixed" then -- FIXME, use clearer error message. error("Attempt to assign mixed " .. property .. " to word") end set_and_fetch(word_spec, propval4) end end else if propval2 == "mixed" then -- FIXME, use clearer error message. error("Attempt to assign mixed " .. property .. " to word") end set_and_fetch(alternant_or_word_spec, propval2) end end end --[=[ Propagate `property` (one of "animacy", "gender" or "number") from nouns to adjacent adjectives. We proceed as follows: 1. We assume the properties in question are already set on all nouns. This should happen in set_defaults_and_check_bad_indicators(). 2. We first propagate properties upwards and sideways. We recurse downwards from the top. When we encounter a multiword spec, we proceed left to right looking for a noun. When we find a noun, we fetch its property (recursing if the noun is an alternant), and propagate it to any adjectives to its left, up to the next noun to the left. When we have processed the last noun, we also propagate its property value to any adjectives to the right (to handle e.g. [[anděl strážný]] "guardian angel", where the adjective [[strážný]] should inherit the 'masculine' and 'animate' properties of [[anděl]]). Finally, we set the property value for the multiword spec itself by combining all the non-nil properties of the individual elements. If all non-nil properties have the same value, the result is that value, otherwise it is `mixed_value` (which is "mixed" for animacy and gender, but "both" for number). 3. When we encounter an alternant spec in this process, we recursively process each alternant (which is a multiword spec) using the previous step, and combine any non-nil properties we encounter the same way as for multiword specs. 4. The effect of steps 2 and 3 is to set the property of each alternant and multiword spec based on its children or its neighbors. ]=] local function propagate_properties(alternant_multiword_spec, property, default_propval, mixed_value) propagate_multiword_properties(alternant_multiword_spec, property, mixed_value, "nouns only") propagate_multiword_properties(alternant_multiword_spec, property, mixed_value, false) propagate_properties_downward(alternant_multiword_spec, property, default_propval) end local function determine_noun_status(alternant_multiword_spec) for i, alternant_or_word_spec in ipairs(alternant_multiword_spec.alternant_or_word_specs) do if alternant_or_word_spec.alternants then local is_noun = false for _, multiword_spec in ipairs(alternant_or_word_spec.alternants) do for j, word_spec in ipairs(multiword_spec.word_specs) do if is_regular_noun(word_spec) then multiword_spec.first_noun = j is_noun = true break end end end if is_noun then alternant_multiword_spec.first_noun = i end elseif is_regular_noun(alternant_or_word_spec) then alternant_multiword_spec.first_noun = i return end end end -- Set the part of speech based on properties of the individual words. local function set_pos(alternant_multiword_spec) if alternant_multiword_spec.args.pos then alternant_multiword_spec.pos = alternant_multiword_spec.args.pos elseif alternant_multiword_spec.saw_pron and not alternant_multiword_spec.saw_non_pron then alternant_multiword_spec.pos = "pronoun" elseif alternant_multiword_spec.saw_det and not alternant_multiword_spec.saw_non_det then alternant_multiword_spec.pos = "determiner" elseif alternant_multiword_spec.saw_num and not alternant_multiword_spec.saw_non_num then alternant_multiword_spec.pos = "numeral" else alternant_multiword_spec.pos = "名詞" end alternant_multiword_spec.plpos = require("モジュール:string utilities").pluralize(alternant_multiword_spec.pos) end local function normalize_all_lemmas(alternant_multiword_spec, pagename) iut.map_word_specs(alternant_multiword_spec, function(base) if base.lemma == "" then base.lemma = pagename end base.orig_lemma = base.lemma base.orig_lemma_no_links = m_links.remove_links(base.lemma) local lemma = base.orig_lemma_no_links -- If the lemma is all-uppercase, lowercase it but note this, so that later in combine_stem_ending() we convert it -- back to uppercase. This allows us to handle all-uppercase acronyms without a lot of extra complexity. -- FIXME: This may not make sense at all. if uupper(lemma) == lemma then base.all_uppercase = true lemma = ulower(lemma) end base.user_specified_lemma = lemma base.lemma = base.decllemma or lemma end) end local function decline_noun(base) for _, stems in ipairs(base.stem_sets) do if not decls[base.decl] then error("Internal error: Unrecognized declension type '" .. base.decl .. "'") end decls[base.decl](base, stems) end handle_derived_slots_and_overrides(base) end local function get_variants(form) return nil --[=[ FIXME return form:find(com.VAR1) and "var1" or form:find(com.VAR2) and "var2" or form:find(com.VAR3) and "var3" or nil ]=] end -- Compute the categories to add the noun to, as well as the annotation to display in the -- declension title bar. We combine the code to do these functions as both categories and -- title bar contain similar information. local function compute_categories_and_annotation(alternant_multiword_spec) local all_cats = {} local function insert(cattype) m_table.insertIfNot(all_cats, "チェコ語 " .. cattype) end if alternant_multiword_spec.pos == "noun" then if alternant_multiword_spec.number == "sg" then insert("不可算名詞") elseif alternant_multiword_spec.number == "pl" then insert("pluralia tantum") end end local annotation local annparts = {} local decldescs = {} local vowelalts = {} local foreign = {} local irregs = {} local stemspecs = {} local reducible = nil local function get_genanim(gender, animacy) local gender_code_to_desc = { m = "男性名詞", f = "女性名詞", n = "中性名詞", none = nil, } local animacy_code_to_desc = { an = "有生", inan = "非有生", none = nil, } local descs = {} table.insert(descs, gender_code_to_desc[gender]) if gender ~= "f" and gender ~= "n" then -- masculine or "none" (e.g. certain pronouns and numerals) table.insert(descs, animacy_code_to_desc[animacy]) end return table.concat(descs, " ") end local function trim(text) text = text:gsub(" +", " ") return mw.text.trim(text) end local function do_word_spec(base) local actual_genanim = get_genanim(base.user_specified_gender, base.user_specified_animacy) local declined_genanim = get_genanim(base.gender, base.animacy) local genanim if actual_genanim ~= declined_genanim then genanim = ("%s (declined as %s)"):format(actual_genanim, declined_genanim) insert("nouns with actual gender different from declined gender") else genanim = actual_genanim end if base.user_specified_gender == "m" then -- Insert a category for 'Czech masculine animate nouns' or 'Czech masculine inanimate nouns'; the base categories -- [[:Category:Czech masculine nouns]], [[:Czech animate nouns]] are auto-inserted. insert(actual_genanim .. " ") end for _, stems in ipairs(base.stem_sets) do local props = declprops[base.decl] local cats = props.cat if type(cats) == "function" then cats = cats(base, stems) end if type(cats) == "string" then cats = {cats} end local default_desc for i, cat in ipairs(cats) do if not cat:find("GENDER") and not cat:find("GENPOS") and not cat:find("POS") then cat = cat .. " GENPOS" end cat = cat:gsub("GENPOS", "GENDER POS") if not cat:find("POS") then cat = cat .. " POS" end if i == #cats then default_desc = cat:gsub(" POS", "") end cat = cat:gsub("GENDER", actual_genanim) cat = cat:gsub("POS", "") -- Need to trim `cat` because actual_genanim may be an empty string. insert(trim(cat)) end local desc = props.desc if type(desc) == "function" then desc = desc(base, stems) end desc = desc or default_desc desc = desc:gsub("GENDER", genanim) -- Need to trim `desc` because genanim may be an empty string. m_table.insertIfNot(decldescs, trim(desc)) local vowelalt if stems.vowelalt == "quant" then vowelalt = "quant-alt" insert("nouns with quantitative vowel alternation") elseif stems.vowelalt == "quant-ě" then vowelalt = "í-ě-alt" insert("nouns with í-ě alternation") end if vowelalt then m_table.insertIfNot(vowelalts, vowelalt) end if reducible == nil then reducible = stems.reducible elseif reducible ~= stems.reducible then reducible = "mixed" end if stems.reducible then insert("nouns with reducible stem") end if base.foreign then m_table.insertIfNot(foreign, "外来語活用") if not base.decllemma then -- NOTE: there are nouns that use both 'foreign' and 'decllemma', e.g. [[Zeus]]. insert("名詞 規則外来語活用") end end -- User-specified 'decllemma:' indicates irregular stem. Don't consider foreign nouns in -us/-os/-es, -um/-on or -- silent -e (e.g. [[software]]) where this ending is simply dropped in oblique and plural forms as irregular; -- there are too many of these and they are already categorized above as 'nouns with regular foreign declension'. if base.decllemma then m_table.insertIfNot(irregs, "irreg-stem") insert("nouns with irregular stem") end m_table.insertIfNot(stemspecs, stems.vowel_stem) end end local key_entry = alternant_multiword_spec.first_noun or 1 if #alternant_multiword_spec.alternant_or_word_specs >= key_entry then local alternant_or_word_spec = alternant_multiword_spec.alternant_or_word_specs[key_entry] if alternant_or_word_spec.alternants then for _, multiword_spec in ipairs(alternant_or_word_spec.alternants) do key_entry = multiword_spec.first_noun or 1 if #multiword_spec.word_specs >= key_entry then do_word_spec(multiword_spec.word_specs[key_entry]) end end else do_word_spec(alternant_or_word_spec) end end if alternant_multiword_spec.number == "sg" or alternant_multiword_spec.number == "pl" then -- not "both" or "none" (for [[sebe]]) table.insert(annparts, alternant_multiword_spec.number == "sg" and "単数形のみ" or "複数形のみ") end if #decldescs == 0 then table.insert(annparts, "indecl") else table.insert(annparts, table.concat(decldescs, " // ")) end if #vowelalts > 0 then table.insert(annparts, table.concat(vowelalts, "/")) end if reducible == "mixed" then table.insert(annparts, "mixed-reducible") elseif reducible then table.insert(annparts, "reducible") end if #foreign > 0 then table.insert(annparts, table.concat(foreign, " // ")) end if #irregs > 0 then table.insert(annparts, table.concat(irregs, " // ")) end alternant_multiword_spec.annotation = table.concat(annparts, " ") if #stemspecs > 1 then insert("nouns with multiple stems") end if alternant_multiword_spec.number == "both" and not m_table.deepEquals(alternant_multiword_spec.sg_genders, alternant_multiword_spec.pl_genders) then insert("nouns that change gender in the plural") end alternant_multiword_spec.categories = all_cats end local function show_forms(alternant_multiword_spec) local lemmas = {} for _, slot in ipairs(potential_lemma_slots) do if alternant_multiword_spec.forms[slot] then for _, formobj in ipairs(alternant_multiword_spec.forms[slot]) do -- FIXME, now can support footnotes as qualifiers in headwords? table.insert(lemmas, formobj.form) end break end end local props = { lemmas = lemmas, slot_table = alternant_multiword_spec.output_noun_slots, lang = lang, canonicalize = function(form) -- return com.remove_variant_codes(form) return form end, } iut.show_forms(alternant_multiword_spec.forms, props) end local function make_table(alternant_multiword_spec) local forms = alternant_multiword_spec.forms local function template_prelude(min_width) return rsub([=[ <div> <div class="NavFrame" style="display: inline-block; min-width: MINWIDTHem"> <div class="NavHead" style="background:#eff7ff">{title}{annotation}</div> <div class="NavContent"> {\op}| style="background:#F9F9F9;text-align:center;min-width:MINWIDTHem" class="inflection-table" |- ]=], "MINWIDTH", min_width) end local function template_postlude() return [=[ |{\cl}{notes_clause}</div></div></div>]=] end local table_spec_both = template_prelude("45") .. [=[ ! style="width:33%;background:#d9ebff" | ! style="background:#d9ebff" | 単数 ! style="background:#d9ebff" | 複数 |- !style="background:#eff7ff"|主格 | {nom_s} | {nom_p} |- !style="background:#eff7ff"|生格 | {gen_s} | {gen_p} |- !style="background:#eff7ff"|与格 | {dat_s} | {dat_p} |- !style="background:#eff7ff"|対格 | {acc_s} | {acc_p} |- !style="background:#eff7ff"|呼格 | {voc_s} | {voc_p} |- !style="background:#eff7ff"|前置格 | {loc_s} | {loc_p} |- !style="background:#eff7ff"|造格 | {ins_s} | {ins_p} ]=] .. template_postlude() local function get_table_spec_one_number(number, numcode) local table_spec_one_number = [=[ ! style="width:33%;background:#d9ebff" | ! style="background:#d9ebff" | NUMBER |- !style="background:#eff7ff"|主格 | {nom_CODE} |- !style="background:#eff7ff"|生格 | {gen_CODE} |- !style="background:#eff7ff"|与格 | {dat_CODE} |- !style="background:#eff7ff"|対格 | {acc_CODE} |- !style="background:#eff7ff"|呼格 | {voc_CODE} |- !style="background:#eff7ff"|前置格 | {loc_CODE} |- !style="background:#eff7ff"|造格 | {ins_CODE} ]=] return template_prelude("30") .. table_spec_one_number:gsub("NUMBER", number):gsub("CODE", numcode) .. template_postlude() end local function get_table_spec_one_number_clitic(number, numcode) local table_spec_one_number_clitic = [=[ ! rowspan=2 style="width:33%;background:#d9ebff"| ! colspan=2 style="background:#d9ebff" | NUMBER |- ! style="width:33%;background:#d9ebff" | 強勢あり ! style="background:#d9ebff" | clitic |- !style="background:#eff7ff"|主格 | colspan=2 | {nom_CODE} |- !style="background:#eff7ff"|生格 | {gen_CODE} | {clitic_gen_CODE} |- !style="background:#eff7ff"|与格 | {dat_CODE} | {clitic_dat_CODE} |- !style="background:#eff7ff"|対格 | {acc_CODE} | {clitic_acc_CODE} |- !style="background:#eff7ff"|呼格 | colspan=2 | {voc_CODE} |- !style="background:#eff7ff"|前置格 | colspan=2 | {loc_CODE} |- !style="background:#eff7ff"|造格 | colspan=2 | {ins_CODE} ]=] return template_prelude("40") .. table_spec_one_number_clitic:gsub("NUMBER", number):gsub("CODE", numcode) .. template_postlude() end local notes_template = [=[ <div style="width:100%;text-align:left;background:#d9ebff"> <div style="display:inline-block;text-align:left;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em"> {footnote} </div></div> ]=] if alternant_multiword_spec.title then forms.title = alternant_multiword_spec.title else forms.title = '<i lang="cs">' .. forms.lemma .. 'の格変化</i>' end local annotation = alternant_multiword_spec.annotation if annotation == "" then forms.annotation = "" else forms.annotation = " (<span style=\"font-size: smaller;\">" .. annotation .. "</span>)" end local number, numcode if alternant_multiword_spec.number == "sg" then number, numcode = "singular", "s" elseif alternant_multiword_spec.number == "pl" then number, numcode = "plural", "p" elseif alternant_multiword_spec.number == "none" then -- used for [[sebe]] number, numcode = "", "s" end local table_spec = alternant_multiword_spec.number == "both" and table_spec_both or alternant_multiword_spec.has_clitic and get_table_spec_one_number_clitic(number, numcode) or get_table_spec_one_number(number, numcode) forms.notes_clause = forms.footnote ~= "" and m_string_utilities.format(notes_template, forms) or "" return m_string_utilities.format(table_spec, forms) end local function compute_headword_genders(alternant_multiword_spec) local genders = {} local number if alternant_multiword_spec.number == "pl" then number = "-p" else number = "" end iut.map_word_specs(alternant_multiword_spec, function(base) local animacy = base.animacy if animacy == "inan" then animacy = "in" end m_table.insertIfNot(genders, base.gender .. "-" .. animacy .. number) end) return genders end -- Externally callable function to parse and decline a noun given user-specified arguments. -- Return value is ALTERNANT_MULTIWORD_SPEC, an object where the declined forms are in -- `ALTERNANT_MULTIWORD_SPEC.forms` for each slot. If there are no values for a slot, the -- slot key will be missing. The value for a given slot is a list of objects -- {form=FORM, footnotes=FOOTNOTES}. function export.do_generate_forms(parent_args, from_headword) local params = { [1] = {required = true, default = "bůh<m.an.#.voce>"}, title = {}, pagename = {}, json = {type = "boolean"}, pos = {}, } if from_headword then params["head"] = {list = true} params["lemma"] = {list = true} params["g"] = {list = true} params["f"] = {list = true} params["m"] = {list = true} params["adj"] = {list = true} params["dim"] = {list = true} params["id"] = {} end local args = m_para.process(parent_args, params) local parse_props = { parse_indicator_spec = parse_indicator_spec, angle_brackets_omittable = true, allow_blank_lemma = true, } local alternant_multiword_spec = iut.parse_inflected_text(args[1], parse_props) alternant_multiword_spec.title = args.title alternant_multiword_spec.args = args local pagename = args.pagename or from_headword and args.head[1] or mw.title.getCurrentTitle().subpageText normalize_all_lemmas(alternant_multiword_spec, pagename) set_all_defaults_and_check_bad_indicators(alternant_multiword_spec) -- These need to happen before detect_all_indicator_specs() so that adjectives get their genders and numbers set -- appropriately, which are needed to correctly synthesize the adjective lemma. propagate_properties(alternant_multiword_spec, "animacy", "inan", "mixed") propagate_properties(alternant_multiword_spec, "number", "both", "both") -- FIXME, the default value (third param) used to be 'm' with a comment indicating that this applied only to -- plural adjectives, where it didn't matter; but in Czech, plural adjectives are distinguished for gender and -- animacy. Make sure 'mixed' works. propagate_properties(alternant_multiword_spec, "gender", "mixed", "mixed") detect_all_indicator_specs(alternant_multiword_spec) determine_noun_status(alternant_multiword_spec) set_pos(alternant_multiword_spec) alternant_multiword_spec.output_noun_slots = get_output_noun_slots(alternant_multiword_spec) local inflect_props = { skip_slot = function(slot) return skip_slot(alternant_multiword_spec.number, slot) end, slot_table = alternant_multiword_spec.output_noun_slots, get_variants = get_variants, inflect_word_spec = decline_noun, } iut.inflect_multiword_or_alternant_multiword_spec(alternant_multiword_spec, inflect_props) compute_categories_and_annotation(alternant_multiword_spec) alternant_multiword_spec.genders = compute_headword_genders(alternant_multiword_spec) if args.json then alternant_multiword_spec.args = nil return require("モジュール:JSON").toJSON(alternant_multiword_spec) end return alternant_multiword_spec end -- Entry point for {{cs-ndecl}}. Template-callable function to parse and decline a noun given -- user-specified arguments and generate a displayable table of the declined forms. function export.show(frame) local parent_args = frame:getParent().args local alternant_multiword_spec = export.do_generate_forms(parent_args) if type(alternant_multiword_spec) == "string" then -- JSON return value return alternant_multiword_spec end show_forms(alternant_multiword_spec) return make_table(alternant_multiword_spec) .. require("モジュール:utilities").format_categories(alternant_multiword_spec.categories, lang, nil, nil, force_cat) end return export j043g3355d1qxznstnlfnszve5topkq 0 404167 2278491 2055843 2026-06-02T11:01:14Z Kuroco2k 84207 2278491 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|Lump}} =={{L|en}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|enm}} {{m|enm|lumpe}} < {{etyl|gem-pro}} {{m|gem-pro|*limpaną}} ==={{pron}}=== * {{IPA|lang=en|lʌmp}} * {{音声|en|en-us-lump.ogg|音声(米)}} * {{rhymes|ʌmp|s=1}} ==={{noun}}=== {{en-noun}} #（小さな）{{ふりがな|塊|かたまり}}、{{ふりがな|欠片|かけら}}。 #{{context|pathology|lang=en}}{{ふりがな|瘤|こぶ}}、[[しこり]]。 #[[大量]]、[[多数]]。 #{{context|food|lang=en}}[[角砂糖]]。 #{{おくりがな3|間|ま||抜|ぬ|け|まぬけ}}、{{おくりがな3|愚|おろ|か|者|もの||おろかもの}}。 #{{context|informal|in the plural|lang=en}}[[連続]]して{{おくりがな2|殴|なぐ|る|なぐる}}こと。 #{{context|informal|in the plural|lang=en}}[[批判]]。 #{{context|fish|lang=en}}[[ダンゴウオ]]。 #{{context|obsolete|slang|路上生活者にやる|lang=en}}{{おくりがな3|食|た|べ|物|もの||たべもの}}。 ===={{hypo}}==== * {{l|en|nubble}} ===={{drv}}==== {{top}} * {{l|en|lumpectomy}} * {{l|en|lady lumps}} * {{l|en|lumps of delight}} * {{l|en|lumpily}} * {{l|en|lumpiness}} * {{l|en|lump in one's throat}} * {{l|en|lumpish}} * {{l|en|lumpishly}} * {{l|en|lumpishness}} * {{l|en|lump sum}} * {{l|en|lumpy}} * {{l|en|take one's lumps}} * {{l|en|expository lump}} * {{l|en|in the lump}} * {{l|en|lump hammer}} * {{l|en|lump to one's throat}} * {{l|en|lump work}} {{bottom}} ==={{verb}}=== {{en-verb}} #{{context|transitive|lang=en}}{{おくりがな3|一|ひと||纏|まと|め|ひとまとめ}}にする、[[一括]]して{{おくりがな2|扱|あつか|う|あつかう}}。 #{{context|transitive|嫌な事でも|lang=en}}[[我慢]]する。 #{{context|transitive|slang|人を|lang=en}}殴る。 #{{context|intransitive|lang=en}}塊になる。 ===={{drv}}==== * {{l|en|lump the lighter}} * {{l|en|lump together}} ==={{seealso}}=== * {{l|en|take one's lumps|take one’s lumps}} * {{l|en|lump it}} * {{l|en|like it or lump it}} ==={{anag}}=== * {{anagrams|en|a=lmpu|Plum|plum}} ---- =={{L|cs}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|de|cs}} {{m|de|Lump}} ==={{pron}}=== * {{cs-IPA}} ==={{noun}}=== {{cs-noun|m-an}} #[[ろくでなし|碌でなし]]、[[ならずもの|ならず者]]、[[下衆]]。 {{cs-ndecl|<m.an.nomplové>}} ===={{syn}}==== * {{l|cs|darebák}} ===={{rel}}==== * {{l|cs|lumpárna}} * {{l|cs|ničemný}} ---- =={{L|fr}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|en|fr}} {{m|en|lumpfish}} ==={{pron}}=== * {{fr-IPA|lumpe}} ==={{noun}}=== {{fr-noun|m}} #{{context|fish|lang=fr}}[[ダンゴウオ]]。 ---- =={{L|hu}}== ==={{pron}}=== * {{hu-IPA}} ==={{etym}}=== {{bor|hu|de|Lump|t=下品な男性}} ==={{adjective}}=== {{hu-adj|abb}} # [[放蕩]]な、[[堕落]]した、[[自堕落]]な。 #: {{syn|hu|korhely|mulatós|kicsapongó|italos|részeges}} ===={{decl}}==== {{hu-infl-nom|lumpo|o}} ===={{drv}}==== * {{l|hu|lumpol}} ==={{noun}}=== {{hu-noun|ok}} # {{lb|hu|colloquial|derogatory|chiefly||男性}} [[ごろつき]]、[[ならずもの|ならず者]]、[[のんべえ|呑兵衛]]、[[のんだくれ|呑んだくれ]]。 #: よく夜遅くまで酒を飲んで馬鹿騒ぎをする人 ===={{decl}}==== {{hu-infl-nom|lumpo|o}}{{hu-pos-otok|lump|j|jai}} ===参考文献=== * {{R:ErtSz}} ---- =={{L|pl}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|de|pl}} {{m|de|Lump}} ==={{pron}}=== {{pl-IPA}} ==={{noun}}=== {{pl-noun|m-pr}} #{{context|colloquial|derogatory|lang=pl}}[[ろくでなし|碌でなし]]、[[ならずもの|ならず者]]、[[下衆]]。 {{pl-decl-noun-m-pr|nomp=lumpy}} ==={{noun}}=== {{pl-noun|m-in}} [[Category:{{pl}}_衣類|*]] #{{context|Poznań|lang=pl}}[[衣類]]。 #{{context|colloquial|lang=pl}}[[lumpeks]]の短縮。 k72ck63uine7n7dhbycprkpiyc5ebn2 0 408663 2278232 1956066 2026-06-01T22:45:44Z うーむ 129171 /* 日本語 */ 2278232 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{ja}}== {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|さとうだいこん}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|さとうだいこん}} #アカザ科フダンソウ属に属する二年草。[[塊根]]から[[砂糖]]の[[原料]]を採る。[[甜菜]]。[[甘菜]]。[[ビート]]。 478sflii9uxh8ci517znkz0ibf7a6r5 0 413419 2278227 1957653 2026-06-01T22:39:44Z うーむ 129171 /* 日本語 */ 2278227 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{ja}}== {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|でいたん}} {{Wikipedia}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|でいたん}} #[[湿地]]などで[[枯死]]した[[植物]]が[[堆積]]し、[[炭化]]がある程度進んだもの。[[ピート]]。 6lm78el5pv391x0mcdw5vxxl4moadxt 0 413559 2278504 1987808 2026-06-02T11:07:51Z M-30722 1202 2278504 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana|h=y}} *【[[判読]]】難しい内容を推察しながら読むこと。 *【[[範読]]】模範として読んで聞かせること。 *【[[繙読]]】書物をひもといて読むこと。 *【[[反独]]】[[ドイツ]]に反発すること。 1ascikajvyfg72pt7i3nxy1v45pntwl 0 427372 2278534 1961131 2026-06-02T11:31:45Z M-30722 1202 [[en:talc]]より訳語追加等 2278534 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|かっせき}} {{wikipedia}} =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanjitab|かつ|k1=かっ|せき|yomi=o}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|かっせき}} #{{タグ|ja|鉱物}}含水珪酸マグネシウムを含む[[やわらかい|柔らかく]][[蠟]]のような[[鉱物]]。 #:{{syn|ja|タルク}} ===={{trans}}==== {{trans-top}} *{{T|ga}}: {{t|ga|talc|m}} *{{T|it}}: {{t|it|talco|m}} *{{T|id}}: {{t|id|talk}} *{{T|cy}}: {{t|cy|talc|m}} *{{T|en}}: {{t|en|talc}} *{{T|eo}}: {{t|eo|talko}} *{{T|ca}}: {{t|ca|talc|m}} *{{T|el}}: {{t|el|τάλκης|m}} *:{{T|grc}}: {{t|grc|κουφολίθος|m}} *{{T|es}}: {{t|es|talco|m}} *{{T|tl}}: {{t|tl|talko}} *{{T|cs}}: {{t|cs|mastek|m}}, {{t|cs|klouzek|m}}, {{t|cs|talek|m}} *{{T|zh}}: {{t|cmn|滑石|tr=huáshí}} *{{T|ko}}: {{t|ko|활석(滑石)}} *{{T|de}}: {{t|de|Talk|m}} *{{T|hu}}: {{t|hu|zsírkő}} *{{T|pms}}: {{t|pms|talch|m}} *{{T|fi}}: {{t|fi|talkki}} *{{T|fo}}: {{t|fo|tálk|n}} *{{T|fr}}: {{t|fr|talc|m}} *{{T|fur}}: {{t|fur|talc|m}} *{{T|bg}}: {{t|bg|талк|m}}, {{t|bg|стеатит|m}} *{{T|pl}}: {{t|pl|talk|m}} *{{T|pt}}: {{t|pt|talco|m}} *{{T|la}}: {{t|la|talcum|n}} *{{T|ru}}: {{t|ru|тальк|m}} *{{T|rm}}: {{t|rm|talc|m}} {{trans-bottom}} =={{L|zh}}== {{zh-cat|hua2shi2|名詞|鉱物学}} {{yue-cat|waat6sek6|名詞|鉱物学}} ==={{pron}}=== {{cmn-pron|huáshí}} {{yue-pron|waat6 sek6}} ==={{noun}}=== {{zhchars}} #滑石、[[タルク]]。 # {{タグ|yue|香港語|俗語|sort=waat6sek6}}[[石鹸]]。 ===={{drv}}==== * {{l|zh|滑石粉}} =={{L|ko}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ko-head|noun|활석|cat2=鉱物学}} #滑石、[[タルク]]。 p491spnwzngr5lly28cgc0m5nqqf6yi 0 462819 2278230 1971382 2026-06-01T22:43:01Z うーむ 129171 /* */ 2278230 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|ビート|ピート}} =={{ja}}== === {{etym}} === {{bor|ja|en|heat}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun}} #[[暑熱]]。[[高温]]。[[熱気]]。 ===={{rel}}==== *[[ヒーター]] *[[ヒーティング]] psykzt8f2p3gb8v0n66z4nx6lonjtdx 2278233 2278230 2026-06-01T22:52:23Z うーむ 129171 /* 日本語 */ 2278233 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|ビート|ピート}} =={{ja}}== === {{etym}} === {{bor|ja|en|heat}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun}} #[[暑熱]]。[[高温]]。[[熱気]]。 ===={{rel}}==== *[[ヒーター]] *[[ヒーティング]] ===={{prov}}==== *[[ヒートアイランド]] *[[ヒートアップ]] *[[ヒートポンプ]] jriidmnv9285yte832r980mv0geek80 0 464713 2278236 2277217 2026-06-02T01:58:22Z NekoyamaWataru 87354 /* {{L|en}} */ ラベルの調整 2278236 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|en}}== {{wikipedia|lang=en}} ==={{etym}}=== {{borrowed|en|ja|火鉢}} ==={{noun}}=== {{en-noun}} #{{context|tool|lang=en}}{{ふりがな|火鉢|ひばち}}。 #{{label|en|CA|US}}[[鉄板焼き]]。また、その[[パフォーマンス]]。 #{{label|en|CA|US|キッチン器具}}上記パフォーマンスに使用する鉄板。 =={{L|fr}}== {{wikipedia|lang=fr}} ==={{etym}}=== {{borrowed|fr|ja|火鉢}} ==={{pron}}=== * {{IPA|lang=fr|i.ba.tʃi}} * {{音声|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-LoquaxFR-hibachi.wav}} ==={{noun}}=== {{fr-noun|m}} #{{context|tool|lang=fr}}{{ふりがな|火鉢|ひばち}}。 #{{label|fr|キッチン器具}}[[鉄板焼き]]。また、その[[パフォーマンス]]。 glx5hkwm0bdqggwrpw5bpqq0p905pxo 0 467079 2278231 1973399 2026-06-01T22:44:17Z うーむ 129171 /* */ 2278231 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|ヒート|ピート}} =={{L|ja}}== {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} ==={{etym}}1=== {{bor|ja|en|beat}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun}} #{{context|swimming|lang=ja}}[[ばたあし|ばた足]]。 #{{context|music|lang=ja}}[[拍子]]や[[リズム]]。 ===={{rel}}==== *[[ビート板]] ==={{etym}}2=== {{bor|ja|en|beet}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun}} #{{context|grass|lang=ja}}[[砂糖大根]]。 jaje1cf8d414srsdqf1vsbmh9bfh8y0 0 471239 2278165 1975580 2026-06-01T12:08:07Z うーむ 129171 /* 日本語 */ 2278165 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|ジョッキ}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{bor|ja|en|jockey}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun}} #{{context|athlete|lang=ja}}[[競馬]]の[[騎手]]。 ===={{rel}}==== *[[ディスクジョッキー]] 98jpqg6t4w7obazsxymxh61myy5zer0 0 474574 2278493 1916330 2026-06-02T11:01:28Z Kuroco2k 84207 2278493 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|it}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{borrowed|it|yue|鑊|tr=wok6}} ==={{noun}}=== {{it-noun|wok|m||invariable}} #{{context|kitchenware|lang=it}}[[中華鍋]]。 ---- =={{L|en}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{borrowed|en|yue|鑊|tr=wok6}} ==={{pron}}=== * {{a|US}} {{IPA|lang=en|wɑk}} * {{a|UK}} {{IPA|lang=en|wɒk}} * {{音声|en|en-us-wok.ogg|音声(米)}} * {{homophones|lang=en|walk|aa=cot-caught}} * {{rhymes|lang=en|ɒk|s=1}} ==={{noun}}=== {{en-noun}} #{{context|kitchenware|lang=en}}[[中華鍋]]。 #{{context|cuisine|chiefly||Europe|lang=en}}中華鍋を使って作られる[[料理]]。 ===={{drv}}==== * {{l|en|wok race}} * {{l|en|wok racing}} ===={{rel}}==== * {{l|en|wok hei}} ==={{verb}}=== {{en-verb|pres_ptc2=woking|past2=woked}} #{{context|cooking|lang=en}}中華鍋を使って料理を作る。 ===={{seealso}}==== * {{l|en|stir-fry}} ---- =={{L|nl}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{borrowed|nl|yue|鑊|tr=wok6}} ==={{pron}}=== * {{IPA|lang=nl|ʋɔk}} * {{音声|nl|Nl-wok.ogg|音声}} * {{hyphenation|lang=nl|wok}} * {{rhymes|lang=nl|ɔk|s=1}} ==={{noun}}=== {{nl-noun|g=m|woks|pl2=woken|wokje}} #{{context|kitchenware|lang=nl}}[[中華鍋]]。 ===={{drv}}==== * {{l|nl|wokken}} * {{l|nl|wokpan}} ---- =={{L|sv}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{borrowed|sv|yue|鑊|tr=wok6}} ==={{noun}}=== {{sv-noun|c}} #{{context|kitchenware|lang=sv}}[[中華鍋]]。 #: {{syn|sv|wokpanna}} #{{context|cuisine|lang=sv}}中華鍋を使って作られる[[料理]]。 ===={{decl}}==== {{sv-infl-noun-c-ar}} ===={{rel}}==== * {{l|sv|woka}} ===={{seealso}}==== * {{l|sv|snabbsteka}} ---- =={{L|es}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{borrowed|es|yue|鑊|tr=wok6}} ==={{noun}}=== {{es-noun|m}} #{{context|kitchenware|lang=es}}[[中華鍋]]。 ---- =={{L|tro}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{head|tro|noun}} [[カテゴリ:{{tro}}_豚|*]] #{{ふりがな|豚|ぶた}}。 ---- =={{L|cs}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{borrowed|cs|yue|鑊|tr=wok6}} ==={{noun}}=== {{cs-noun|m-in}} #{{context|kitchenware|lang=cs}}[[中華鍋]]。 ===={{decl}}==== {{cs-ndecl|<m>}} ---- =={{L|enm}}== ==={{adjective}}=== {{head|enm|adjective}} #{{l|enm|woke}}の異綴。 ---- =={{L|tpi}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|en|tpi}} {{m|en|work}} ==={{verb}}=== {{tpi-verb|i|wokim}} #{{おくりがな|働|く|はたらく}}。 ===={{rel}}==== * {{l|tpi|wokim}} * {{l|tpi|hatwok}} ==={{noun}}=== {{head|tpi|noun}} #[[労働]]。 #[[義務]]。 ---- =={{L|pcm}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|en|pcm}} {{m|en|work}} ==={{verb}}=== {{head|pcm|verb}} #{{おくりがな|働|く|はたらく}}。 ---- =={{L|vls}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|dum|vls}} {{m|dum|ôoc}} < {{etyl|odt|vls}} {{m|odt|ōk}}, {{m|odt|ouk}} < {{etyl|gem-pro|vls}} {{m|gem-pro|*auk}} ==={{adverb}}=== {{head|vls|adverb}} #〜[[も]]。 ---- =={{L|fr}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{borrowed|fr|yue|鑊|tr=wok6}} ==={{pron}}=== * {{fr-IPA}} * {{音声|fr|Fr-Paris--wok.ogg|音声(フランス)}} ==={{noun}}=== {{fr-noun|m}} #{{context|kitchenware|lang=fr}}[[中華鍋]]。 ===={{drv}}==== * {{l|fr|wokeur}}, {{l|fr|wokeuse}} ---- =={{L|pl}}== {{wikipedia|lang=pl}} ==={{etym}}=== {{bor|pl|en|wok}} < {{etyl|yue|pl}} {{l|yue|鑊|tr=wok6}} ==={{pron}}=== {{pl-p|a=LL-Q809 (pol)-Olaf-wok.wav}} ==={{noun}}=== {{pl-noun|m-in}} #{{context|kitchenware|lang=pl}}[[中華鍋]]。 ===={{decl}}==== {{pl-decl-noun-m-in|gens=woka/woku}} ---- =={{L|pt}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{borrowed|pt|yue|鑊|tr=wok6}} ==={{pron}}=== {{pt-IPA|uóki^}} ==={{noun}}=== {{pt-noun|f|g2=m|g2_qual=less common|woks}} #{{context|kitchenware|lang=pt}}[[中華鍋]]。 ---- =={{L|zml}}== ==={{alter}}=== * {{l|zml|wuk}} * {{l|zml|wugdju}} * {{l|zml|wukdju}} ==={{noun}}=== {{head|zml|noun}} #{{ふりがな|水|みず}}。 ---- =={{L|lac}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{head|lac|noun form}} #{{l|lac|yok}}の一人称単数所有形。 #yokの二人称単数所有形。 3xw6524fitwbmsxp6b6ppsldlup9e2c 0 478162 2278196 2126333 2026-06-01T14:13:12Z 鍼灸 112313 2278196 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} =={{ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana|h=y}} *【[[石竜]]・[[石龍]]】：とかげ。 *【[[赤竜]]】：みみず。 *【[[石梁]]】：石橋。 *【[[席料]]】：席にかかる料金。 *【[[脊梁]]】：背骨。 *【[[寂寥]]】：物寂しいさま。 *【[[積量]]】：積める貨物の量。 ngattck6zkb2mx0g63plo74yfbqzmk0 2278197 2278196 2026-06-01T14:14:54Z 鍼灸 112313 2278197 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} =={{ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana|h=y}} *【[[石竜]]・[[石龍]]】：とかげ。 *【[[赤竜]]】：みみず。 *【[[石梁]]】：石橋。 *【[[席料]]】：席にかかる料金。 *【[[脊梁]]】：背骨。 *【[[寂寥]]】：物寂しいさま。 *【[[積量]]】：積める貨物の量。 *【[[石稜]]】：[[いわかど|岩門]]。 rtuz9e1g8d9o77lvd4rlu08a7bdo0zc 2 489345 2278458 2267195 2026-06-02T10:22:36Z Kuroco2k 84207 /* テスト */ 2278458 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kuroco2k'''（雛宮黒狐ともいう）といいます。基本中立。議論が下手だから。 ==最近思うこと== #新規項目よりも既存項目の充実が大事であり、それが一段落するまで濫造に走ってはいけない。 ==配下ページ== *[[/二簡字]]（未完） *[[/朝鮮語基本語彙表]]（今作ってある分の赤リンクを作り終えたら続編も作る） ==Todo== #（進行中）漢検範囲内の訓立項 #（進行中）漢字項目のメンテナンス、異体字整理 #（進行中）漢字項目の立項 #（進行中）西夏文字項目の立項 ==独り言== #閩東語、閩北語にある「ṳ」などの文字たち。 #*ソート順に迷います。暫定的にはṳにy、e̤にoeを割り振ってます。将来的に提案できたらと思いますが、まだ実用的な段階に踏めてません。例えば、「[[用]]」の閩東語のソートはこれなら「oeyng6」になります。 #[[Template:kanji variants]]を使用してみたけど、ちょっとこの辺に困るなというところ: #*Unicode順に整列されてしまうので、意図した並びが崩れてしまう #*同じ文字を複数入れると反映されない（語義の違いとかで入れることがあるので...） #シソーラスの名前空間 #*多分現状だと記事にカウントされているので、別の名前空間として扱いたい。 ==リンク集(メモ)== *[https://hongkongvision.com/tool/cc_py_conv_zh 漢字→廣東話/粵語拼音轉換工具] **広東語のイェール式に変換してくれる。'''zi.toolsは粤拼'''。 *[https://www.wugniu.com/ 吳語學堂] **いわゆる呉拼というやつ。上海語は下記のでいいですが、方言とかを記述するときにない時が多いので使っている。英語版の標準表記。 *[https://wu-chinese.com/minidict/ 吴音小字典] **日本語版で、呉語の標準表記に使用される（主に上海語で）。 *[https://www.ydict.net/ 榕典] **閩東語方言に使っている。 *[[特別:特別ページ一覧]] **メモ用 *[[利用者:Naggy Nagumo/他言語版にあって日本語版にない項目]] **タスクリスト ==テスト== {{iir-decl-noun|abʰr|stem=a|g=m}} ==リスト一覧== {{rel-top|中国語}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" |- ! 声調番号 !! 声調名 !! 白話字（aを例として） !! 声調値（台北） !! 声調値（台南） |- | 1 || 陰平 || a || 55 || 44 |- | 2 (6) || 陰上 || á || 51 || 53 |- | 3 || 陰去 || à || 31 || 11 |- | 4 || 陰入 || ap/at/ak/ah || 32 || 21 |- | 5 || 陽平 || â || 14 || 25 |- | 7 || 陽去 || ā || 33 || 22 |- | 8 || 陽入 || a̍p/a̍t/a̍k/a̍h || 4 || 5 |} {|class=wikitable border=1 style="text-align: left;" ! 声調名 ! 白話字（aを例として） ! 声調値（苗栗腔） ! 声調値（新竹腔） |- |陰平 |â |24 |53 |- |陽平 |à |11 |55 |- |上声 |á |31 |24 |- |陰去 |a |rowspan="2"|55 |11 |- |陽去 |å |33 |- |陰入 |ap/at/ak |2 |5 |- |陽入 |a̍p/a̍t/a̍k |5 |2 |- |} （[[:w:白話字]]より、要所だけ） {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" | bgcolor="#ABCDEF" |'''名称''' | bgcolor="#ABCDEF" |'''声調番号''' | bgcolor="#ABCDEF" |'''符号''' | bgcolor="#ABCDEF" |'''例''' |- | 上平 | 55 | ◌̆ | 君 '''Gŭng''' |- | 上聲 | 33 | ◌̄ | 滾 '''Gūng''' |- | 上去 | 213 | ◌́ | 貢 '''Góng''' |- | 上入 | <u>24</u> | ◌́ | 谷 '''Gók''' |- | 下平 | 53 | ◌̀ | 群 '''Gùng''' |- | 下去 | 242 | ◌̂ | 郡 '''Gông''' |- | 下入 | 5 | ◌̆ | 掘 '''Gŭk''' |} （[[:w:en:Bàng-uâ-cê]]より、要所だけ） {| class="wikitable" |+ KCRにおける声調符号 |- !番号 |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 |6 |7 |- !声調タイプ |陰平 |陽平 |上聲 |陰去 |陽去 |陰入 |陽入 |- !KCRにおける符号 | <span style="font-size:190%;">ˊ</span> ({{lang|mnp|á}}) | <span style="font-size:190%;">ˆ</span> ({{lang|mnp|â}}) | <span style="font-size:190%;">ˇ</span> ({{lang|mnp|ǎ}}) | <span style="font-size:190%;"> ̿</span> ({{lang|mnp|a̿}}) | <span style="font-size:190%;">ˉ</span> ({{lang|mnp|ā}}) | <span style="font-size:190%;">˘</span> ({{lang|mnp|ă}}) | <span style="font-size:190%;">ˋ</span> ({{lang|mnp|à}}) |- |} （[[:w:en:Kienning Colloquial Romanized]]より、要所だけ） {{rel-bottom}} :{| class="wikitable" style="width:80%; text-align:center" |- !呉拼!!声調番号 (Wikt)!!声調名!!調値!!方言大詞典調値 |- !1!!1!!陰平 |{{IPAfont|˥˧}} 53|| 陰平 ({{IPAfont|˥˧}} 53) |- !5!!2!!陰去 |{{IPAfont|˧˦}} 34|| 陰去 ({{IPAfont|˧˥}} 35)<br>陰上 ({{IPAfont|˥}} 55) |- !6!!3!!陽去 |{{IPAfont|˨˧}} 23|| 陽舒 ({{IPAfont|˩˧}} 13) |- !7!!4!!陰入 |{{IPAfont|˥ʔ}} <u>55</u>||陰入 ({{IPAfont|˥ʔ}} <u>55</u>) |- !8!!5!!陽入 |{{IPAfont|˩˨ʔ}} <u>12</u>|| 陽入 ({{IPAfont|˩˧ʔ}} <u>13</u>) |} {|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |- |声調||陰平||陽平||上聲||陰去||陽去||陰入||陽入||長入 |- |声調番号||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8 |- |調値||˨˦ (24)||˨˩ (21)||˨˩˩ (211)||˧˥ (35)||˧ (33)||˥ (5)||˧ (3)||˥ (55) |- |方言大詞典調値||24||21||213||35||33||5||3||55 |} なお、ここでいう長入とは、入声であるが、白読によって、第6声とみなされないものをいう。 kqvr2pu7l1tvj478flk4d23xpv32z2p 0 503934 2278485 2047091 2026-06-02T10:59:29Z M-30722 1202 2278485 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|ふちょう}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana|h=y}} *【[[部長]]】「部」の責任者。 *【[[舞蝶]]】飛び回る蝶。 5sxykcquuix01muxy6hc1zqa4b4edgk 0 527274 2278503 2096335 2026-06-02T11:07:20Z M-30722 1202 2278503 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|かいどく}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana|h=y}} *【[[晦匿]]】才能を表に出さず、世間から離れて暮らす。 *【[[解得]]】道理などを理解し体得すりこと。 b099l4qhjdnmyzxptsfnxopk9rxaxev 0 527293 2278346 2096384 2026-06-02T08:30:05Z M-30722 1202 2278346 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|だんがん}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[だんがん]]}} #{{タグ|ja|玩具}}[[おとこのこ|男の子]]向けの[[玩具]]。 ===={{ant}}==== *[[女玩]] ilxkiouuoot8ixktqb6x2ad69d3d7cg 0 527294 2278305 2096385 2026-06-02T06:55:48Z 鍼灸 112313 2278305 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|じょがん}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[じょがん]]}} #[[おんなのこ|女の子]]向けの[[玩具]]。 ===={{ant}}==== *[[男玩]] fi413df08749qij9r7csv4sxt3mpyma 2278345 2278305 2026-06-02T08:29:56Z M-30722 1202 2278345 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|じょがん}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[じょがん]]}} #{{タグ|ja|玩具}}[[おんなのこ|女の子]]向けの[[玩具]]。 ===={{ant}}==== *[[男玩]] si6hwiy3l7727ek4hmp06yy5vuhwcz9 0 534620 2278200 2112301 2026-06-01T15:50:49Z IvanScrooge98 37566 /* 日本語 */ +発音 2278200 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|びしょうねん}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{pron}}=== * {{音声|ja|ja-bishonen.ogg}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|びしょうねん}} #[[容貌]]の[[うつくしい|美しい]][[少年]]。 ===={{rel}}==== *[[美少女]] 06fbsm3qkmnqa1zcj0o162tarl0zgw1 10 536161 2278471 2116164 2026-06-02T10:48:43Z Kuroco2k 84207 2278471 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:izh-decl/style.css" /> {| class="inflection-table vsSwitcher izh-decl" data-toggle-category="declension" |- !colspan=3 class="vsToggleElement izh-decl-header-row" style="text-align:left;"|{{#if:{{{title|}}}|{{{title}}}|{{m|izh||{{PAGENAME}}}}}}の格変化 |- class="vsHide" style="vertical-align:top;" ! style="width:11em;" | ! style="width:12em;" | 単数 ! style="width:12em;" | 複数 |- style="vertical-align:top;" | ! style="width:11em" | 主格 |style="width:12em" | {{l-self|izh|{{#switch:{{{1|}}}|1=miä|2=siä|hää}}}} |style="width:12em" | {{l-self|izh|{{#switch:{{{1|}}}|1=möö|2=töö|höö}}}} |- style="vertical-align:top;" | ! 属格 |{{l-self|izh|{{#switch:{{{1|}}}|1=miun|2=siun|hänen}}}} |{{l-self|izh|{{#switch:{{{1|}}}|1=meijen|2=teijen|heijen}}}} |- style="vertical-align:top;" | ! 対格 |{{l-self|izh|{{#switch:{{{1|}}}|1=miun|2=siun|hänen}}}} |{{l-self|izh|{{#switch:{{{1|}}}|1=meijet|2=teijet|heijet}}}} |- style="vertical-align:top;" | ! 分格 |{{l-self|izh|{{#switch:{{{1|}}}|1=minnua|2=sinnua|häntä}}}} |{{l-self|izh|{{#switch:{{{1|}}}|1=meitä|2=teitä|heitä}}}} |- style="vertical-align:top;" | ! 入格 |{{l-self|izh|{{#switch:{{{1|}}}|1=miuhu|2=siuhu|hännee}}}} |{{l-self|izh|{{#switch:{{{1|}}}|1=meihe|2=teihe|heihe}}}} |- class="vsHide" style="vertical-align:top;" | ! 内格 |{{l-self|izh|{{#switch:{{{1|}}}|1=mius|2=sius|hänes}}}} |{{l-self|izh|{{#switch:{{{1|}}}|1=meis|2=teis|heis}}}} |- class="vsHide" style="vertical-align:top;" | ! 出格 |{{l-self|izh|{{#switch:{{{1|}}}|1=miust|2=siust|hänest}}}} |{{l-self|izh|{{#switch:{{{1|}}}|1=meist|2=teist|heist}}}} |- class="vsHide" style="vertical-align:top;" | ! 向格 |{{l-self|izh|{{#switch:{{{1|}}}|1=miulle|2=siulle|hänelle}}}} |{{l-self|izh|{{#switch:{{{1|}}}|1=meille|2=teille|heille}}}} |- class="vsHide" style="vertical-align:top;" | ! 接格 |{{l-self|izh|{{#switch:{{{1|}}}|1=miul|2=siul|hänel}}}} |{{l-self|izh|{{#switch:{{{1|}}}|1=meil|2=teil|heil}}}} |- class="vsHide" style="vertical-align:top;" | ! 奪格 |{{l-self|izh|{{#switch:{{{1|}}}|1=miult|2=siult|hänelt}}}} |{{l-self|izh|{{#switch:{{{1|}}}|1=meilt|2=teilt|heilt}}}} |- class="vsHide" style="vertical-align:top;" | ! 変格 |{{l-self|izh|{{#switch:{{{1|}}}|1=miuks|2=siuks|häneks}}}} |{{l-self|izh|{{#switch:{{{1|}}}|1=meiks|2=teiks|heiks}}}} |- class="vsHide" style="vertical-align:top;" | ! 様格 |{{l-self|izh|{{#switch:{{{1|}}}|1=miunna|2=siunna|hänennä}}}} |{{l-self|izh|{{#switch:{{{1|}}}|1=meinnä|2=teinnä|heinnä}}}} |- class="vsHide" style="vertical-align:top;" {{#if:{{{bottom|}}}<!-- -->|{{!}} colspan=3 {{!}} <!-- -->{{{bottom}}}<!-- -->}} |}<!-- --><noinclude>[[カテゴリ:{{izh}}_語形変化表テンプレート|*]]</noinclude> laj2is9ekzlhijc2umwqs12mx7vzgqt 0 540302 2278195 2126355 2026-06-01T14:12:40Z 鍼灸 112313 2278195 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} =={{ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana|h=y}} *【[[石榴]]】：[[ざくろ]]。 *【[[赤竜]]】：[[みみず]]の異称。 e8p9v5wlcnmabeh9iu4emtfyjcglz4w 0 542734 2278481 2131665 2026-06-02T10:58:11Z Kuroco2k 84207 2278481 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|en}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{lbor|en|grc|κύανος||}} ==={{pron}}=== *{{IPA|lang=en|/ˈsaɪˌæn/|/ˈsaɪ.ən/|/saɪˈæn/}} *{{IPA|lang=en|/ˈsaɪ.ən/|/sʌɪˈæn/|a=CA}} **{{IPA|lang=en|[ˈsəjan]|[səjˈan]|a=dialectal}} *{{音声|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-cyan.wav|a=Southern England}} *{{rhymes|lang=en|aɪən|æn|s=2}} ==={{noun}}=== {{en-noun|~}} #{{context|色|lang=en}} [[シアン]]。[[みどり|緑]]がかった[[あお|青]]。 ===={{drv}}==== {{col|lang=en|cyanean|cyanic|cyanin|cyanine|cyanise|cyanish|oocyan|œnocyan}} ==={{adj}}=== {{en-adj}} #{{context|色|lang=en}} [[シアン]]の。 ===={{drv}}==== * {{l|en|haemocyanin}}, {{l|en|hemocyanin}} =={{L|jam}}== ==={{alter}}=== *{{l|jam|cyaan}}, {{l|jam|cyaa}}, {{l|jam|cyah}}, {{l|jam|cyahn}}, {{l|jam|cyar}} ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|en|jam}} {{m|en|can't}} ==={{pron}}=== *{{IPA|lang=jam|/kjan/}} ==={{verb}}=== {{head|jam|verb}} #[[できる|出来]]ない。 =={{L|sv}}== ==={{adj}}=== {{head|sv|adj}} #{{context|色|lang=sv}} [[シアン]]の。 #:{{syn|sv|cyanblå}} ==={{noun}}=== {{head|sv|noun}} #{{context|色|lang=sv}} [[シアン]]。 #:{{syn|sv|cyanfärg|cyanblå}} #{{context|colloquial|lang=sv}} [[シアン化物]]を含む化学物質。とりわけ、気体の物質。 ===={{drv}}==== *{{l|sv|cyanblå}} =={{L|cs}}== ==={{pron}}=== *{{cs-IPA}} ==={{noun}}=== {{cs-noun|m-in}} #{{context|lang=cs|printing|色}} [[シアン]]。 ===={{decl}}==== {{cs-ndecl|<m>}} =={{L|da}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{lbor|da|grc|κύανος||}} ==={{noun}}=== {{da-noun|en|-}} #{{context|lang=da|色}} [[シアン]]。 ===={{decl}}==== {{da-noun-infl|en|n=sg}} ===={{drv}}==== *{{l|da|cyanblå}} =={{L|fr}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{lbor|fr|grc|κύανος||}} ==={{pron}}=== *{{fr-IPA}} *{{音声|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-GrandCelinien-cyan.wav|a=パリ}} *{{音声|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-Lyokoï-cyan.wav|a=リヨン}} *{{音声|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-Poslovitch-cyan.wav|a=ヴォージュ}} ==={{noun}}=== {{fr-noun|m}} #{{context|lang=fr|色}} [[シアン]]。 1tfwaynxbxztips0a6cppxs7kiwfjdk 0 544356 2278482 2134831 2026-06-02T10:58:26Z Kuroco2k 84207 2278482 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|Plasma|plasmá|plasmă}} =={{L|is}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{is-noun|n}} #{{context|physics|lang=is}} [[プラズマ]]。 ===={{seealso}}==== *{{l|is|blóðvökvi}} =={{L|ga}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ga-noun|g=m|plasma|plasmaí}} #{{context|physics|lang=ga}} [[プラズマ]]。 #{{context|medicine|hematology|lang=ga}} [[血漿]]。 ===={{decl}}==== {{ga-decl-m4|p|lasma|lasmaí}} ===={{drv}}==== *{{l|ga|plasma fola}}, {{l|ga|fuilphlasma}} *{{l|ga|taispeáint phlasma}} ====緩音変化==== {{ga-mut}} =={{L|it}}== ==={{pron}}=== {{it-pr|plàsma}} ==={{noun}}=== {{it-noun|plasm|m|a|i}} #{{context|physics|biology|lang=it}} [[プラズマ]]。 ===={{rel}}==== *{{l|it|plasma sanguigno}} *{{l|it|plasmatico}} *{{l|it|schermo al plasma}} =={{L|id}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|nl|id}} {{m|nl|plasma}} < {{etyl|la|id}} {{m|la|plasma}} < {{etyl|grc|id}} {{m|grc|πλάσμα}} ==={{pron}}=== *{{IPA|lang=id|[ˈplas.ma]}} *{{rhymes|lang=id|ma|a|s=2}} *{{hyphenation|lang=id|plas|ma}} ==={{noun}}=== {{id-noun}} #{{context|physics|lang=id}} [[プラズマ]]。 #{{context|medicine|hematology|lang=id}} [[血漿]]。 #{{context|agriculture|lang=id}} [[プランテーション]]の[[農家]]。 ===={{drv}}==== {{col|lang=id|plasma darah|plasma inti rakyat|plasma lembaga|plasma nutfah|plasma protein}} =={{L|cy}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{bor|cy|en|plasma}} ==={{pron}}=== *{{IPA|lang=cy|/ˈplasma/}} ==={{noun}}=== {{cy-noun|m|plasmâu}} #{{context|physics|biology|lang=en}} [[プラズマ]]。 ====緩音変化==== {{cy-mut|ma|plas|blas|mhlas|phlas}} =={{L|en}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|la|en}} {{m|la|plasma}} < {{etyl|grc|en}} {{m|grc|πλάσμα}} ==={{pron}}=== *{{IPA|lang=en|/ˈplæzmə/}}, {{enPR|plăz'mə}} *{{音声|en|en-us-plasma.ogg|a=US}} *{{rhymes|lang=en|æzmə|s=2}} ==={{noun}}=== {{en-noun|pl=plasmas|pl2=plasmata|irr=1}} #{{context|physics|lang=en}} [[プラズマ]]、[[プラズマ物理]]。 #{{context|hematology|lang=en}} [[血漿]]。 #{{context|mineralogy|lang=en}} [[緑色]]の[[玉髄]]。 #{{context|medicine|dated|lang=en}} [[澱粉]]と[[グリセリン]]の混合物。[[軟膏]]の代用品。 #{{context|biology|archaic|lang=en}} [[原形質]]。 ===={{drv}}==== {{col|lang=en|blood plasma|hemoplasma|antiplasma|bioplasma|glasma|haemoplasma|hydroplasma|hyperplasma|lymphoplasma|magnetoplasma|microplasma|mycoplasma|nanoplasma|ovoplasma|phytoplasma|plasmablast|plasmacyte|plasmadynamics|plasmagenic|plasmalemma|plasmaless|plasmalike|plasmapause|plasmasonic|plasmasphere|plasmatron|plasmid|plasmin|plasmogamy|plasmogen|plasmogenous|plasmoid|subplasma|superplasma|plasmapheresis|plasmaphysics|plasma display|plasma globe|plasma lamp|plasmon|preplasma|burning nuclear plasma|burning plasma|convalescent plasma|dusty plasma|human seminal plasma protein hypersensitivity|laser-plasma accelerator|nuclear plasma|plasma acceleration|plasma accelerator|plasma cell|plasma display|plasma gem|plasma gemstone|plasma lamp|plasma membrane|plasma rifle|plasma screen|plasma therapy|plasma wakefield acceleration|plasma wakefield accelerator|quark-gluon plasma}} ===={{rel}}==== *{{l|en|plasmic}} ==={{verb}}=== {{en-verb}} #{{context|science fiction|transitive|lang=en}} 何かを[[プラズマ]]に[[変換]]する。 #:{{syn|en|plasmify}} =={{L|nl}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{bor|nl|la|plasma}} < {{etyl|grc|nl}} {{m|grc|πλάσμα}} ==={{pron}}=== *{{IPA|lang=nl|/ˈplɑs.maː/}} *{{音声|nl|Nl-plasma.ogg}} *{{hyphenation|lang=nl|plas|ma}} ==={{noun}}=== {{nl-noun|g=n|plasma's|-}} #{{context|physics|lang=nl}} [[プラズマ]]。 #{{context|hematology|biology|medicine|lang=nl}} [[血漿]]。 #:{{syn|nl|bloedplasma}} #{{context|biology|lang=nl}} [[細胞質]]。 #:{{syn|nl|celplasma|cytoplasma}} #{{context|mineralogy|lang=nl}} 暗緑色の[[玉髄]]。 ===={{drv}}==== *{{l|nl|bloedplasma}} *{{l|nl|celplasma}} ===={{rel}}==== *{{l|nl|cytoplasma}} *{{l|nl|plasmatisch}} *{{l|nl|plasma-tv}} ===={{desc}}==== *{{desc|id|bor=1|plasma}} =={{L|ca}}== ==={{etym}}1=== ===={{pron}}==== *{{ca-IPA}} ===={{noun}}==== {{ca-noun|m}} #[[プラズマ]]。 ==={{etym}}2=== ===={{verb}}==== {{head|ca|verb form}} #'''{{l|ca|plasmar}}'''の ##直説法第三人称単数現在形。 ##命令法第二人称単数形。 =={{L|es}}== ==={{pron}}=== {{es-pr}} *{{音声|es|LL-Q1321 (spa)-AdrianAbdulBaha-plasma.wav|a=Colombia}} ==={{etym}}1=== {{bor|es|de|Plasma}} ===={{noun}}==== #{{context|physics|biology|lang=pt}} [[プラズマ]]。 ==={{etym}}2=== ===={{verb}}==== {{head|es|verb form}} #'''{{l|es|plasmar}}'''の直説法現在第三人称単数形。 #'''{{l|es|plasmar}}'''の命令法第二人称単数形。 =={{L|cs}}== ==={{pron}}=== *{{cs-IPA}} *{{hyphenation|lang=cs|plas|ma}} ==={{noun}}1=== {{cs-noun|n}} #{{alternative form of|cs|plazma}} ===={{decl}}==== {{cs-ndecl|<n>}} ==={{noun}}2=== {{cs-noun|f}} #{{alternative form of|cs|plazma}} ===={{decl}}==== {{cs-ndecl|<f>}} =={{L|nn}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|grc|nn}} {{m|grc|πλάσμα}} ==={{noun}}=== {{nn-noun-n1}} #{{context|physics|biology|lang=nn}} [[プラズマ]]。 =={{L|nb}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|grc|nb}} {{m|grc|πλάσμα}} ==={{noun}}=== {{head|nb|noun|g=n}} #{{context|physics|biology|lang=nb}} [[プラズマ]]。 =={{L|fi}}== ==={{pron}}=== {{fi-p}} ==={{noun}}=== {{fi-noun}} #{{context|physics|lang=fi}} [[プラズマ]]。 #{{context|hematology|lang=fi}} [[血漿]]。 ===={{decl}}==== {{fi-decl-kala|plasm|||a}} ===={{drv}}==== {{col|lang=fi|ektoplasma|endoplasma|ituplasma|plasmafysiikka|plasmaleikkaus|plasmankorvike|plasmanäyttö|plasmapallo|plasmapyrstö|plasmasolu|plasmasuihkuhitsaus|plasmatekniikka|veriplasma|vetyplasma}} =={{L|fr}}== ==={{pron}}=== *{{fr-IPA}} *{{音声|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00-plasma.wav|a=Lyon}} ==={{noun}}=== {{fr-noun|m}} #[[プラズマ]]。 ===={{desc}}==== *{{desc|tr|plazma|bor=1}} =={{L|pt}}== ==={{pron}}=== {{pt-IPA}} *{{hyph|lang=pt|plas|ma}} ==={{etym}}1=== ===={{noun}}==== {{pt-noun|m}} #{{context|physics|biology|lang=pt}} [[プラズマ]]。 #プラズマテレビ。 ==={{etym}}2=== ===={{verb}}==== {{head|pt|verb form}} #'''{{l|pt|plasmar}}'''の ##直説法第三人称現在単数形。 ##命令法第二人称単数形。 =={{L|la}}== ==={{verb}}=== {{head|la|verb form|head=plasmā}} #'''{{l|la|plasmāre}}'''の命令法第二人称単数能相現在形。 kkcodtkf5fjfr0ugzga9kftlgj6jiwl 0 548121 2278541 2142294 2026-06-02T11:36:23Z Kuroco2k 84207 2278541 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|Jantar|jantár}} =={{L|sl}}== {{wikipedia|lang=sl}} ==={{etym}}=== {{bor|sl|ru|янта́рь}} ==={{pron}}=== * {{sl-IPA|jāntar}} ==={{noun}}=== {{sl-noun|head=jāntar|g=m|a=in}} #{{context|jewelry|lang=sl}} [[琥珀]]。 ===={{decl}}==== {{sl-decl-noun-m|jántar|jántarj|n=sg}} =={{L|sh}}== {{wikipedia|lang=sh}} ==={{etym}}=== {{bor+|sh|ru|янта́рь}} ==={{pron}}=== * {{sh-IPA|jȁntār}} ==={{noun}}=== {{sh-noun|head=jȁntār|m-in}} #{{context|jewelry|lang=sh}} [[琥珀]]。 ===={{decl}}==== {{sh-decl-noun |jantar|jantari |jantara|jantara |jantaru|jantarima |jantar|jantare |jantaru|jantari |jantaru|jantarima |jantarom|jantarima }} =={{L|cs}}== {{wikipedia|lang=cs}} ==={{etym}}=== {{bor+|cs|ru|янта́рь}} ==={{pron}}=== * {{cs-IPA}} ==={{noun}}=== {{cs-noun|m-in}} #{{context|jewelry|lang=cs}} [[琥珀]]。 ===={{decl}}==== {{cs-ndecl|<m>}} ===={{drv}}==== * {{l|cs|jantarný}}, {{l|cs|jantarový}} =={{L|pl}}== {{wikipedia|lang=pl}} ==={{etym}}=== {{bor|pl|ru|янта́рь}} < {{der|pl|lt|gintàras}} ==={{pron}}=== {{pl-pr|a=LL-Q809 (pol)-Poemat-jantar.wav}} ==={{noun}}=== {{pl-noun|m-in|adj=jantarowy}} #{{context|literary|jewelry|lang=pl}} [[琥珀]]。 #: {{syn|pl|bursztyn}} ===={{decl}}==== {{pl-decl-noun-m-in}} =={{L|pt}}== {{wikipedia|lang=pt}} ==={{alter}}=== * {{l|pt|jentar}}, {{l|pt|jintar}} ==={{etym}}=== {{der|pt|roa-opt|jantar}}, {{m|roa-opt|jentar}} < {{der|pt|VL.|*ianto|*iantāre}} < {{der|pt|la|ientō|ientāre}} ==={{pron}}=== {{pt-IPA}} * {{audio|pt|LL-Q5146 (por)-Santamarcanda-jantar.wav|a=Porto}} * {{rhymes|lang=pt|aɾ|q1=Portugal, São Paulo|aʁ|q2=Brazil|a|q3=Brazil|s=2}} * {{hyph|pt|jan|tar}} ==={{noun}}=== {{pt-noun|m|es}} #{{context|食事|lang=pt}} [[夕食]]。[[ディナー]]。 #: {{syn|pt|janta}} #{{context|obsolete|lang=pt}} [[昼食]]。[[ランチ]]。 ==={{verb}}=== {{pt-verb}} # [[食事]]をとる。 ===={{conjug}}==== {{pt-conj|jant|ar}} ===={{desc}}==== * {{desc|kea|djantâ|jantâ}} * {{desc|mzs|jantâ}} c230iqm8pja3y7m78qp148029tzcvhw 828 553952 2278470 2152987 2026-06-02T10:46:46Z Kuroco2k 84207 2278470 Scribunto text/plain local export = {} local m_links = require("モジュール:links") local m_utils = require("モジュール:utilities") local decl_data = require("モジュール:iir-decl-noun/data") local decl_data_irreg = require("モジュール:iir-decl-noun/data/irreg") local lang = require("モジュール:languages").getByCode("iir-pro") local endings = { ["ás"] = "a-m", ["as"] = "a-m", ["ám"] = "a-n", ["am"] = "a-n", ["áH"] = "aH-f", ["aH"] = "aH-f", ["íš"] = "i-mf", ["iš"] = "i-mf", ["i"] = "i-n", ["íH"] = "yaH-f", ["iH"] = "yaH-f", ["íHs"] = "iH-f", ["iHs"] = "iH-f", ["úš"] = "u-mf", ["uš"] = "u-mf", ["ú"] = "u-n", ["u"] = "u-n", ["úHs"] = "uH-f", ["uHs"] = "uH-f", } local endings_reverse = { ["a-m"] = "ás", ["a-m"] = "as", ["a-n"] = "ám", ["a-n"] = "am", ["aH-f"] = "áH", ["aH-f"] = "aH", ["i-mf"] = "íš", ["i-mf"] = "iš", ["i-m"] = "íš", ["i-m"] = "iš", ["i-f"] = "íš", ["i-f"] = "iš", ["i-n"] = "i", ["yaH-f"] = "íH", ["yaH-f"] = "iH", ["iH-f"] = "íHs", ["iH-f"] = "iHs", ["u-mf"] = "uš", ["u-m"] = "uš", ["u-f"] = "uš", ["u-n"] = "u", ["uH-f"] = "úHs", ["uH-f"] = "uHs", ["r-n"] = "ā́", ["r-n"] = "ā", ["cons-n"] = "", } local function detect_decl(word, stem, gender) if stem and gender then local decl = stem .. "-" .. gender return decl, {mw.ustring.sub(word, 1, -(mw.ustring.len(endings_reverse[decl]) + 1))} elseif stem == "r" and mw.ustring.sub(word, -2) == "ā́" then --r-stem return "r-n", {mw.ustring.sub(word, 1, -3)} elseif stem == "s" and mw.ustring.sub(word, -2) == "as" then return "s-n", {mw.ustring.sub(word, 1, -3)} elseif stem == "cons" then if gender == "n" then return "cons-n" else return "cons-mf" end else for ending, decl in pairs(endings) do if mw.ustring.find(word, ending .. "$") then return decl, {mw.ustring.sub(word, 1, -(mw.ustring.len(ending) + 1))} end end -- No matches, assume consonant stem. local stem stem = mw.ustring.sub(word, 1, -2) return (gender and "cons-" .. gender or "cons-mf"), {stem} end end function syllabify(text) -- Supposed to syllabify resonants when appropriate if mw.ustring.find(text, "[ʰmnrsšHptćčkbdȷǰgw][ȷ́]?[u]?[mnrŕwy][ʰmnrsšHptćčkbdȷǰg][ȷ́]?") then local pref, syllabic, suf = mw.ustring.match(text, "([ʰmnrsšHptćčkbdȷǰgw][ȷ́]?)([u]?[mnrŕwy])([ʰmnrsšHptćčkbdȷǰg][ȷ́]?)") syllabic = syllabic:gsub("[mn]", "a") :gsub("w", "u") :gsub("y", "i") :gsub("ua", "wa") syllabic = mw.ustring.gsub(syllabic, "[rŕ]", {["r"] = "r̥", ["ŕ"] = "ŕ̥"}) local syllabified = pref .. syllabic .. suf text = mw.ustring.gsub(text, "[ʰmnrsšHptćčkbdȷǰgw][ȷ́]?[u]?[mnrŕwy][ʰmnrsšHptćčkbdȷǰg][ȷ́]?", syllabified) end if mw.ustring.find(text, "iw[ʰmnsšHptćčkbdȷǰg][ȷ́]?") then text = text:gsub("iw", "yu") end if mw.ustring.find(text, "ŕ[aāáiíuú]") then text = mw.ustring.gsub(text, "ŕ", "r") end if mw.ustring.find(text, "[ʰmnrsšHptćčkbdȷǰgw][ȷ́]?[wyr]$") then text = mw.ustring.gsub(text, "[wyr]$", {["w"] = "u", ["y"] = "i", ["r"] = "r̥"}) end return text end function ruki(text) text = mw.ustring.gsub(text, "[rŕwukćčǰȷyisšbd][ŕ̥]?ʰ?s", { ["rs"] = "rš", ["ŕ̥s"] = "ŕ̥š", ["ws"] = "wš", ["us"] = "uš", ["ks"] = "kš", ["ćs"] = "ćš", ["ǰs"] = "kš", ["ys"] = "yš", ["is"] = "iš", ["ss"] = "s", ["šs"] = "š", ["čs"] = "kš", ["ǰʰs"] = "kš", ["ȷ́s"] = "ćš", ["ȷ́ʰs"] = "ćš", ["ds"] = "ts", ["dʰs"] = "ts", ["bʰs"] = "ps" }) return text end function dorsal_b(text) text = mw.ustring.gsub(text, "[kčǰ]ʰ?b", "gb") text = mw.ustring.gsub(text, "[ćptšs]b", { ["ćb"] = "ȷ́b", ["pb"] = "bb", ["tb"] = "db", ["sb"] = "zb", ["šb"] = "žb" }) return text end function destress(text) -- Suppresses default ending accent if accent is detected on a preceding stem. -- It does this by checking the provided form to see if it has two accents. If the form does have two accents, the rightmost accent is isolated and removed. -- The little mark on ȷ́ is identical to the combining accent mark; it needs to be ignored during the accent check. text = text:gsub("ȷ́", "ȷ") if mw.ustring.find(text, "[áíúŕ́].+[áíúŕ́]") then local initial, final = mw.ustring.match(text, "^(.-[áíúŕ́])(.*)") final = mw.ustring.gsub(final, "[áíúŕ́]", {["á"] = "a", ["í"] = "i", ["ú"] = "u", ["ŕ"] = "r", ["́"] = ""}) text = initial .. final end -- Suppress default ending accent if the page name has no accent specified local word = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().subpageText local jword = word:gsub("ȷ́", "ȷ") if not mw.ustring.find(jword, "[áíúŕ́]") then text = mw.ustring.gsub(text, "[áíúŕ́]", {["á"] = "a", ["í"] = "i", ["ú"] = "u", ["ŕ"] = "r", ["́"] = ""}) end -- Readd accent mark to the resulting dotless J after the accent check text = text:gsub("ȷ", "ȷ́") return text end function vocstem(stem) -- Enforces first-syllable accent in vocatives. -- It does this by checking to see if a form has no accent. -- Vocatives in the data submodule specifically have no accent specified on their endings, so unaccented stem + unaccented ending = unaccented word. -- If there is no accent, the function parks the accent on the first available vowel. local vocstem if not mw.ustring.find(stem, "[áóÁíúŕ́]") then if mw.ustring.find(stem, "^[ʰmnrsšHptćčkbdȷ́ǰwg]-r̥") then local pref, suf = mw.ustring.match(stem, "^([ʰmnrsšHptćčkbdȷ́ǰwg]-r̥)(.+)") pref = mw.ustring.gsub(pref, "r̥$", "ŕ̥") vocstem = pref .. suf else local pref, firstvowel, suf = mw.ustring.match(stem, "^(.-)([aāiu])(.*)") firstvowel = mw.ustring.gsub(firstvowel, "[aāiu]", {["a"] = "á", ["ā"] = "ā́", ["i"] = "í", ["u"] = "ú"}) vocstem = pref .. firstvowel .. suf end else vocstem = stem end return vocstem end -- The main entry point. -- This is the only function that can be invoked from a template. function export.show(frame) local parent_args = frame:getParent().args local stems = nil local decl_type = {} local word = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().subpageText local args = {} if not decl_data_irreg[word] then if frame.args.decl then decl_type = frame.args.decl else if parent_args.stem and parent_args.g and parent_args[1] then decl_type = parent_args.stem .. "-" .. parent_args.g stems = {parent_args[1]} elseif parent_args[1] and not parent_args.stem then decl_type = detect_decl(word, parent_args.stem, parent_args.g) stems = {parent_args[1]} else decl_type, stems = detect_decl(word, parent_args.stem, parent_args.g) end end if not decl_type then error("不明な活用形 '" .. decl_type .. "'") end args = require("モジュール:parameters").process(parent_args, decl_data[decl_type].params, true) if stems then for i, stem in ipairs(stems) do args[i] = stem end end end local data = {forms = {}, categories = {}} data.head = parent_args["head"] or nil -- Generate the forms if decl_data_irreg[word] then table.insert(data.categories, "インド・イラン祖語 不規則名詞") decl_data_irreg[word](parent_args, data) else decl_data[decl_type](args, data) end -- Make the table return make_table(data) end function make_table(data) local function show_form(form) if not form then return "—" end local ret = {} for key, subform in ipairs(form) do if subform ~= "—" then -- Post-processing of data subform = syllabify(subform) subform = ruki(subform) subform = dorsal_b(subform) subform = vocstem(subform) subform = destress(subform) subform = "*" .. subform end table.insert(ret, subform) end return table.concat(ret, ", ") end local function repl(param) if param == "decl_type" then return data.decl_type elseif param == "title" then return "*" .. data.forms.nom_sg[1] else return show_form(data.forms[param]) end end local function make_cases(data) local cases = {"主格", "呼格", "対格", "具格", "奪格", "与格", "属格", "処格"} local ret = {} for _, case in ipairs(cases) do local case_short = mw.ustring.sub(case, 1, 3) -- assert(false, case_short) table.insert(ret, "|- " .. ((case_short == "nom" or case_short == "gen") and "" or "class=\"vsHide\"") .. " \n! style=\"background: #ebf4ff\" | " .. case .. "\n") table.insert(ret, "| style=\"background: #f8f8ff\" | " .. show_form(data.forms[case_short .. "_sg"]) .. "\n") table.insert(ret, "| class=\"vsHide\" style=\"background: #f8f8ff\" | " .. show_form(data.forms[case_short .. "_du"]) .. "\n") if data.forms[case_short .. "_pl"] then table.insert(ret, "| class=\"vsHide\" style=\"background: #f8f8ff\" | " .. show_form(data.forms[case_short .. "_pl"]) .. "\n") end end return table.concat(ret) end local no_plural = data.forms.nom_pl == nil local wikicode = [=[ {| class="inflection-table vsSwitcher mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" data-toggle-category="inflection" style="background: #d9ebff; border: 1px solid #3d3d3d; text-align: left;" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="2" |- ! style="background: #d9ebff;" class="vsToggleElement" colspan="]=] .. (no_plural and "3" or "4") .. [=[" | {{{decl_type}}} |- | style="min-width: 8em; background: #d9ebff;" | ! style="min-width: 11em; background: #d9ebff;" | 単数 ! class="vsHide" style="min-width: 11em; background: #d9ebff;" | 双数]=] .. (no_plural and "\n" or [=[ ! class="vsHide" style="min-width: 11em; background: #d9ebff; " | 複数 ]=]) .. make_cases(data) .. [=[ |}]=] return (mw.ustring.gsub(wikicode, "{{{([a-z0-9_]+)}}}", repl)) .. m_utils.format_categories(data.categories, lang) end return export f3m1h18b3w2yy3qv85861w1vfpmb46t 828 553953 2278461 2152988 2026-06-02T10:26:17Z Kuroco2k 84207 2278461 Scribunto text/plain local decl_data = {} decl_data["a-m"] = { params = { [1] = {}, ["nopl"] = {}, }, } setmetatable(decl_data["a-m"], {__call = function(self, args, data) local stem = args[1] data.decl_type = "男性 a語幹" data.forms["主格_sg"] = {args[1] .. "ás"} data.forms["呼格_sg"] = {args[1] .. "a"} data.forms["対格_sg"] = {args[1] .. "ám"} data.forms["具格_sg"] = {args[1] .. "áH"} data.forms["奪格_sg"] = {args[1] .. "ā́t"} data.forms["与格_sg"] = {args[1] .. "ā́y"} data.forms["属格_sg"] = {args[1] .. "ásya"} data.forms["処格_sg"] = {args[1] .. "áy"} data.forms["主格_du"] = {args[1] .. "ā́(w)"} data.forms["呼格_du"] = {args[1] .. "ā(w)"} data.forms["対格_du"] = data.forms["主格_du"] data.forms["具格_du"] = {args[1] .. "áybʰyā(m)"} data.forms["奪格_du"] = data.forms["具格_du"] data.forms["与格_du"] = data.forms["具格_du"] data.forms["属格_du"] = {args[1] .. "áyās"} data.forms["処格_du"] = {args[1] .. "áyaw"} if not args.nopl then data.forms["主格_pl"] = {args[1] .. "ā́s(as)"} data.forms["呼格_pl"] = {args[1] .. "ās(as)"} data.forms["対格_pl"] = {args[1] .. "ā́ns"} data.forms["具格_pl"] = {args[1] .. "ā́yš"} data.forms["奪格_pl"] = {args[1] .. "áybʰyas"} data.forms["与格_pl"] = data.forms["奪格_pl"] data.forms["属格_pl"] = {args[1] .. "ā́naHam"} data.forms["処格_pl"] = {args[1] .. "áyšu"} end table.insert(data.categories, "インド・イラン祖語 名詞 a語幹") end }) decl_data["a-n"] = { params = { [1] = {}, ["nopl"] = {}, }, } setmetatable(decl_data["a-n"], {__call = function(self, args, data) decl_data["a-m"](args, data) data.decl_type = "中性 a語幹" data.forms["主格_sg"] = data.forms["対格_sg"] data.forms["呼格_sg"] = {args[1] .. "am"} data.forms["主格_du"] = {args[1] .. "áy"} data.forms["呼格_du"] = {args[1] .. "ay"} data.forms["対格_du"] = data.forms["主格_du"] if not args.nopl then data.forms["主格_pl"] = {args[1] .. "áH"} data.forms["呼格_pl"] = {args[1] .. "aH"} data.forms["対格_pl"] = data.forms["主格_pl"] end end }) decl_data["cons-mf"] = { params = { [1] = {}, [2] = {}, ["nopl"] = {}, ["nomsg"] = {}, ["accsg"] = {}, ["locsg"] = {}, ["insdu"] = {}, ["inspl"] = {}, ["ablpl"] = {}, ["locpl"] = {}, ["oblplc"] = {}, }, } setmetatable(decl_data["cons-mf"], {__call = function(self, args, data) local pagename = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().subpageText data.decl_type = "子音語幹" local strong = args[2] or args[1] debrugmann = mw.ustring.gsub(strong, ".", {["o"] = "a", ["ó"] = "á",}) debrugmann2 = mw.ustring.gsub(debrugmann, "á", "a") -- Implements Brugmann's law in the acc. sg.; trigger this by inputting, into the strong stem, *o for any vowels that you want the law to affect -- The "de-brugmann" process will turn the o back to *a for use in loc. and voc. sg. brugmann = mw.ustring.gsub(strong, ".", {["ó"] = "ā́", ["o"] = "ā"}) brugmann_voc = mw.ustring.gsub(strong, ".", {["ó"] = "ā", ["o"] = "ā", ["á"] = "a"}) local weak = args[1] -- For r-stems if mw.ustring.find(weak, "[rŕ]$") then gen_sg_ending = "š" else gen_sg_ending = "ás" end -- Forms the nom. sg. of n-stems and r-stems if args[2] then if mw.ustring.find(args[2], "[rn]$") then local rnnom = mw.ustring.gsub(args[2], "[aáoó][rn]$", "") args.nomsg = rnnom .. "ā́" end end data.forms["主格_sg"] = {args.nomsg or brugmann .. "s"} data.forms["呼格_sg"] = {debrugmann2} data.forms["対格_sg"] = {args.accsg or brugmann .. "ám"} data.forms["具格_sg"] = {weak .. "áH"} data.forms["奪格_sg"] = {weak .. gen_sg_ending} data.forms["与格_sg"] = {weak .. "áy"} data.forms["属格_sg"] = data.forms["奪格_sg"] data.forms["処格_sg"] = {args.locsg or debrugmann .. "í"} data.forms["主格_du"] = {brugmann .. "ā́(w)"} data.forms["呼格_du"] = {brugmann_voc .. "ā(w)"} data.forms["対格_du"] = data.forms["主格_du"] data.forms["具格_du"] = {args.insdu or (args.oblplc or weak) .. "bʰyā́(m)"} data.forms["奪格_du"] = data.forms["具格_du"] data.forms["与格_du"] = data.forms["具格_du"] data.forms["属格_du"] = {weak .. "Hā́s"} data.forms["処格_du"] = {weak .. "Háw"} if not args.nopl then data.forms["主格_pl"] = {brugmann .. "ás"} data.forms["呼格_pl"] = {brugmann_voc .. "as"} data.forms["対格_pl"] = {weak .. "ás"} data.forms["具格_pl"] = {args.inspl or (args.oblplc or weak) .. "bʰíš"} data.forms["奪格_pl"] = {args.ablpl or (args.oblplc or weak) .. "bʰyáH"} data.forms["与格_pl"] = data.forms["奪格_pl"] data.forms["属格_pl"] = {weak .. "áHam"} data.forms["処格_pl"] = {args.locpl or (args.oblplc or weak) .. "sú"} end table.insert(data.categories, "インド・イラン祖語 名詞 子音語幹") end }) decl_data["cons-n"] = { params = { [1] = {}, [2] = {}, ["altgsg"] = {}, ["nomsg"] = {}, ["locsg"] = {}, ["nopl"] = {}, }, } setmetatable(decl_data["cons-n"], {__call = function(self, args, data) decl_data["cons-mf"](args, data) data.decl_type = "中性 子音語幹" if args["altgsg"] then gen_sg_ending = "ás" else gen_sg_ending = "s" end local nom_sg local nom_pl local strongdu local loc_stem local resyll local title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().subpageText if mw.ustring.find(title, "r̥?$") and mw.ustring.find(args[1], "n$") then nom_sg = title nom_pl = mw.ustring.gsub(title, "a?r̥?$", "ār") strongdu = mw.ustring.gsub(title, "a?r̥?$", "n") loc_sg_stem = mw.ustring.gsub(args[1], "[áa]?n$", "án") if destress(args[1] .. "á") == (args[1] .. "á") then resyll = mw.ustring.gsub(args[1], "n$", "á") elseif mw.ustring.find(args[1], "án$") then resyll = mw.ustring.gsub(args[1], "án$", "á") else resyll = args[1] end elseif mw.ustring.find(args[1], "man$") then nom_sg = string.gsub(args[1], "man$", "ma") nom_pl = mw.ustring.gsub(args[1], "man$", "mān") strongdu = args[1] loc_sg_stem = args[1] resyll = nom_sg else nom_sg = title nom_pl = args[2] .. "i" -- HSK 41.3 pp. 1882-1883 strongdu = args[2] loc_sg_stem = args[2] resyll = args[1] end data.forms["主格_sg"] = {nom_sg} data.forms["呼格_sg"] = data.forms["主格_sg"] data.forms["対格_sg"] = data.forms["主格_sg"] data.forms["奪格_sg"] = {args[1] .. gen_sg_ending} data.forms["属格_sg"] = data.forms["奪格_sg"] data.forms["処格_sg"] = {args.locsg or (loc_sg_stem .. "(i)")} data.forms["主格_du"] = {strongdu .. "iH"} data.forms["呼格_du"] = data.forms["主格_du"] data.forms["対格_du"] = data.forms["主格_du"] data.forms["具格_du"] = {resyll .. "bʰyā́(m)"} data.forms["奪格_du"] = data.forms["具格_du"] data.forms["与格_du"] = data.forms["具格_du"] if not args.nopl then data.forms["主格_pl"] = {nom_pl} data.forms["呼格_pl"] = data.forms["主格_pl"] data.forms["対格_pl"] = data.forms["主格_pl"] data.forms["具格_pl"] = {resyll .. "bʰíš"} data.forms["奪格_pl"] = {resyll .. "bʰyáH"} data.forms["与格_pl"] = data.forms["奪格_pl"] data.forms["属格_pl"] = {args[1] .. "áHam"} data.forms["処格_pl"] = {resyll .. "sú"} end end }) decl_data["s-n"] = { params = { [1] = {}, ["nopl"] = {}, }, } setmetatable(decl_data["s-n"], {__call = function(self, args, data) data.decl_type = "中性 as語幹" data.forms["主格_sg"] = {args[1] .. "as"} data.forms["呼格_sg"] = {args[1] .. "as"} data.forms["対格_sg"] = {args[1] .. "as"} data.forms["具格_sg"] = {args[1] .. "asaH"} data.forms["奪格_sg"] = {args[1] .. "asas"} data.forms["与格_sg"] = {args[1] .. "asay"} data.forms["属格_sg"] = {args[1] .. "asas"} data.forms["処格_sg"] = {args[1] .. "asi"} data.forms["主格_du"] = {args[1] .. "asiH"} data.forms["呼格_du"] = {args[1] .. "asiH"} data.forms["対格_du"] = data.forms["主格_du"] data.forms["具格_du"] = {args[1] .. "azbʰyā(m)"} data.forms["奪格_du"] = data.forms["具格_du"] data.forms["与格_du"] = data.forms["具格_du"] data.forms["属格_du"] = {args[1] .. "asHās"} data.forms["処格_du"] = {args[1] .. "asHaw"} if not args.nopl then data.forms["主格_pl"] = {args[1] .. "ās"} data.forms["呼格_pl"] = {args[1] .. "ās"} data.forms["対格_pl"] = {args[1] .. "ās"} data.forms["具格_pl"] = {args[1] .. "azbʰiš"} data.forms["奪格_pl"] = {args[1] .. "azbʰyas"} data.forms["与格_pl"] = data.forms["奪格_pl"] data.forms["属格_pl"] = {args[1] .. "asaHam"} data.forms["処格_pl"] = {args[1] .. "asu"} end table.insert(data.categories, "インド・イラン祖語 名詞 as語幹") end }) decl_data["i-mf"] = { params = { [1] = {}, ["nopl"] = {}, ["g"] = {}, }, } setmetatable(decl_data["i-mf"], {__call = function(self, args, data) data.decl_type = "男性/女性 i語幹" data.forms["主格_sg"] = {args[1] .. "íš"} data.forms["呼格_sg"] = {args[1] .. "ay"} data.forms["対格_sg"] = {args[1] .. "ím"} data.forms["具格_sg"] = {args[1] .. "íH"} data.forms["奪格_sg"] = {args[1] .. "áyš"} data.forms["与格_sg"] = {args[1] .. "áyay"} data.forms["属格_sg"] = {args[1] .. "áyš"} data.forms["処格_sg"] = {args[1] .. "ā́y"} -- HCHIEL p.1895: loc. *(H)agnā́y data.forms["主格_du"] = {args[1] .. "íH"} data.forms["呼格_du"] = {args[1] .. "iH"} data.forms["対格_du"] = data.forms["主格_du"] data.forms["具格_du"] = {args[1] .. "íbʰyā(m)"} data.forms["奪格_du"] = data.forms["具格_du"] data.forms["与格_du"] = data.forms["具格_du"] data.forms["属格_du"] = {args[1] .. "iyā́s"} data.forms["処格_du"] = {args[1] .. "iyáw"} -- HCHIEL p.1895: du.loc. *(H)agniy-áw if not args.nopl then data.forms["主格_pl"] = {args[1] .. "áyas"} data.forms["呼格_pl"] = {args[1] .. "ayas"} data.forms["対格_pl"] = {args[1] .. "ínš"} data.forms["具格_pl"] = {args[1] .. "íbʰiš"} data.forms["奪格_pl"] = {args[1] .. "íbʰyas"} data.forms["与格_pl"] = data.forms["奪格_pl"] data.forms["属格_pl"] = {args[1] .. "iHnáHam"} data.forms["処格_pl"] = {args[1] .. "íšu"} end table.insert(data.categories, "インド・イラン祖語 名詞 i語幹") end }) decl_data["i-n"] = { params = { [1] = {}, ["nopl"] = {}, ["j"] = {}, }, } setmetatable(decl_data["i-n"], {__call = function(self, args, data) decl_data["i-m"](args, data) data.decl_type = "neuter i-stem" data.forms["主格_sg"] = {args[1] .. "í"} data.forms["呼格_sg"] = {args[1] .. "i"} data.forms["対格_sg"] = data.forms["主格_sg"] if not args.nopl then data.forms["主格_pl"] = {args[1] .. "íH"} data.forms["呼格_pl"] = {args[1] .. "iH"} data.forms["対格_pl"] = data.forms["主格_pl"] end end }) decl_data["iH-f"] = { params = { [1] = {}, ["nopl"] = {}, }, } setmetatable(decl_data["iH-f"], {__call = function(self, args, data) data.decl_type = "女性 iH語幹" data.forms["主格_sg"] = {args[1] .. "íHs"} data.forms["呼格_sg"] = {args[1] .. "i"} data.forms["対格_sg"] = {args[1] .. "íHam"} data.forms["具格_sg"] = {args[1] .. "íHaH"} data.forms["奪格_sg"] = {args[1] .. "íHas"} data.forms["与格_sg"] = {args[1] .. "íHay"} data.forms["属格_sg"] = data.forms["奪格_sg"] data.forms["処格_sg"] = {args[1] .. "íH"} -- HCHIEL p.1896 loc. *wr̥kī́ data.forms["主格_du"] = {args[1] .. "íHaH"} data.forms["呼格_du"] = {args[1] .. "iHaH"} data.forms["対格_du"] = data.forms["主格_du"] data.forms["具格_du"] = {args[1] .. "íHbʰyā(m)"} data.forms["奪格_du"] = data.forms["具格_du"] data.forms["与格_du"] = data.forms["具格_du"] data.forms["属格_du"] = {args[1] .. "íHās"} data.forms["処格_du"] = {args[1] .. "íHaw"} if not args.nopl then data.forms["主格_pl"] = {args[1] .. "íHas"} data.forms["呼格_pl"] = {args[1] .. "iHas"} data.forms["対格_pl"] = data.forms["主格_pl"] data.forms["具格_pl"] = {args[1] .. "íHbʰiš"} data.forms["奪格_pl"] = {args[1] .. "íHbʰyas"} data.forms["与格_pl"] = data.forms["奪格_pl"] data.forms["属格_pl"] = {args[1] .. "íHnaHam"} data.forms["処格_pl"] = {args[1] .. "íHsu"} end table.insert(data.categories, "インド・イラン祖語 名詞 iH語幹") end }) decl_data["aH-f"] = { params = { [1] = {}, ["nopl"] = {}, }, } setmetatable(decl_data["aH-f"], {__call = function(self, args, data) data.decl_type = "aH語幹" data.forms["主格_sg"] = {args[1] .. "áH"} data.forms["呼格_sg"] = {args[1] .. "ay"} data.forms["対格_sg"] = {args[1] .. "ā́m"} data.forms["具格_sg"] = {args[1] .. "áH, -áyaH"} data.forms["奪格_sg"] = {args[1] .. "áyaHs"} data.forms["与格_sg"] = {args[1] .. "áyaHy"} data.forms["属格_sg"] = data.forms["奪格_sg"] data.forms["処格_sg"] = {args[1] .. "áyaH"} data.forms["主格_du"] = {args[1] .. "áy"} data.forms["呼格_du"] = {args[1] .. "ay"} data.forms["対格_du"] = data.forms["主格_du"] data.forms["具格_du"] = {args[1] .. "áHbʰyā(m)"} data.forms["奪格_du"] = data.forms["具格_du"] data.forms["与格_du"] = data.forms["具格_du"] data.forms["属格_du"] = {args[1] .. "áyHās"} data.forms["処格_du"] = {args[1] .. "áyHaw"} if not args.nopl then data.forms["主格_pl"] = {args[1] .. "ā́s"} data.forms["呼格_pl"] = {args[1] .. "ās"} data.forms["対格_pl"] = data.forms["主格_pl"] data.forms["具格_pl"] = {args[1] .. "áHbʰiš"} data.forms["奪格_pl"] = {args[1] .. "áHbʰyas"} data.forms["与格_pl"] = data.forms["奪格_pl"] data.forms["属格_pl"] = {args[1] .. "áHnaHam"} data.forms["処格_pl"] = {args[1] .. "áHsu"} end table.insert(data.categories, "インド・イラン祖語 名詞 aH語幹") end }) decl_data["yaH-f"] = { params = { [1] = {}, ["nopl"] = {}, }, } setmetatable(decl_data["yaH-f"], {__call = function(self, args, data) data.decl_type = "yaH語幹" data.forms["主格_sg"] = {args[1] .. "íH"} data.forms["呼格_sg"] = {args[1] .. "i"} data.forms["対格_sg"] = {args[1] .. "íHm"} data.forms["具格_sg"] = {args[1] .. "yáH"} data.forms["奪格_sg"] = {args[1] .. "yáHs"} data.forms["与格_sg"] = {args[1] .. "yáy"} data.forms["属格_sg"] = data.forms["奪格_sg"] data.forms["処格_sg"] = data.forms["具格_sg"] data.forms["主格_du"] = {args[1] .. "íH"} data.forms["呼格_du"] = {args[1] .. "iH"} data.forms["対格_du"] = data.forms["主格_du"] data.forms["具格_du"] = {args[1] .. "íHbʰyā(m)"} data.forms["奪格_du"] = data.forms["具格_du"] data.forms["与格_du"] = data.forms["具格_du"] data.forms["属格_du"] = {args[1] .. "íHās"} data.forms["処格_du"] = {args[1] .. "íHaw"} if not args.nopl then data.forms["主格_pl"] = {args[1] .. "íHš"} data.forms["呼格_pl"] = {args[1] .. "iHš"} data.forms["対格_pl"] = data.forms["主格_pl"] data.forms["具格_pl"] = {args[1] .. "íHbʰiš"} data.forms["奪格_pl"] = {args[1] .. "íHbʰyas"} data.forms["与格_pl"] = data.forms["奪格_pl"] data.forms["属格_pl"] = {args[1] .. "íHnaHam"} data.forms["処格_pl"] = {args[1] .. "íHsu"} end table.insert(data.categories, "インド・イラン祖語 名詞 yaH語幹") end }) decl_data["uH-f"] = { params = { [1] = {}, ["nopl"] = {}, }, } setmetatable(decl_data["uH-f"], {__call = function(self, args, data) data.decl_type = "uH語幹" data.forms["主格_sg"] = {args[1] .. "úHs"} data.forms["呼格_sg"] = {args[1] .. "u"} data.forms["対格_sg"] = {args[1] .. "úHam"} data.forms["具格_sg"] = {args[1] .. "úHaH"} data.forms["奪格_sg"] = {args[1] .. "úHas"} data.forms["与格_sg"] = {args[1] .. "úHay"} data.forms["属格_sg"] = data.forms["奪格_sg"] data.forms["処格_sg"] = {args[1] .. "úH"} -- HCHIEL p.1896 loc. *tanū́ if not args.nopl then data.forms["主格_pl"] = {args[1] .. "úHas"} data.forms["呼格_pl"] = {args[1] .. "uHas"} data.forms["対格_pl"] = data.forms["主格_pl"] data.forms["具格_pl"] = {args[1] .. "úHbʰiš"} data.forms["奪格_pl"] = {args[1] .. "úHbʰyas"} data.forms["与格_pl"] = data.forms["奪格_pl"] data.forms["属格_pl"] = {args[1] .. "úHnaHam"} data.forms["処格_pl"] = {args[1] .. "úHsu"} end table.insert(data.categories, "インド・イラン祖語 名詞 uH語幹") end }) decl_data["u-mf"] = { params = { [1] = {}, [2] = {}, ["stem"] = {}, ["altgsg"] = {}, ["nopl"] = {}, ["g"] = {}, }, } setmetatable(decl_data["u-mf"], {__call = function(self, args, data) data.decl_type = "男性 u語幹" local title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().subpageText local stem = mw.ustring.gsub(title, "[uú]š$", "") if not args[1] then args[1] = stem end local gen_sg_ending if args["altgsg"] then gen_sg_ending = "wás" else gen_sg_ending = "áwš" end data.forms["主格_sg"] = {stem .. "úš"} data.forms["呼格_sg"] = {stem .. "aw"} data.forms["対格_sg"] = {stem .. "úm"} data.forms["具格_sg"] = {args[1] .. "úH"} data.forms["奪格_sg"] = {args[1] .. gen_sg_ending} data.forms["与格_sg"] = {args[1] .. "áway"} data.forms["属格_sg"] = data.forms["奪格_sg"] data.forms["処格_sg"] = {args[1] .. "ā́w"} data.forms["主格_du"] = {stem .. "úH"} data.forms["呼格_du"] = {stem .. "uH"} data.forms["対格_du"] = data.forms["主格_du"] data.forms["具格_du"] = {args[1] .. "úbʰyā(m)"} data.forms["奪格_du"] = data.forms["具格_du"] data.forms["与格_du"] = data.forms["具格_du"] data.forms["属格_du"] = {args[1] .. "uwā́s"} data.forms["処格_du"] = {args[1] .. "uwáw"} if not args.nopl then data.forms["主格_pl"] = {stem .. "áwas"} data.forms["呼格_pl"] = {stem .. "awas"} data.forms["対格_pl"] = {stem .. "únš"} data.forms["具格_pl"] = {args[1] .. "úbʰiš"} data.forms["奪格_pl"] = {args[1] .. "úbʰyas"} data.forms["与格_pl"] = data.forms["奪格_pl"] data.forms["属格_pl"] = {args[1] .. "uHnáHam"} data.forms["処格_pl"] = {args[1] .. "úšu"} end table.insert(data.categories, "インド・イラン祖語 名詞 u語幹") end }) decl_data["u-n"] = { params = { [1] = {}, [2] = {}, ["stem"] = {}, ["altgsg"] = {}, ["nopl"] = {}, }, } setmetatable(decl_data["u-n"], {__call = function(self, args, data) decl_data["u-mf"](args, data) local title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().subpageText local stem = mw.ustring.gsub(title, "[uú]$", "") data.decl_type = "neuter u-stem" data.forms["主格_sg"] = {stem .. "ú"} data.forms["呼格_sg"] = {stem .. "u"} data.forms["対格_sg"] = data.forms["主格_sg"] if mw.ustring.find(stem, "ā́") then debrugmann = mw.ustring.gsub(stem, "ā́", "á") end if debrugmann then strongdu = debrugmann else strongdu = stem end data.forms["主格_du"] = {strongdu .. "wiH"} data.forms["対格_du"] = data.forms["主格_du"] data.forms["呼格_du"] = data.forms["主格_du"] if not args.nopl then data.forms["主格_pl"] = {stem .. "úH"} data.forms["呼格_pl"] = {stem .. "uH"} data.forms["対格_pl"] = data.forms["主格_pl"] end end }) decl_data["n-n"] = { params = { [1] = {}, ["nopl"] = {}, }, } decl_data["r-n"] = { params = { [1] = {}, ["nopl"] = {}, }, } setmetatable(decl_data["r-n"], {__call = function(self, args, data) data.decl_type = "r語幹" data.forms["主格_sg"] = {args[1] .. "ā́"} data.forms["呼格_sg"] = {args[1] .. "ar"} data.forms["対格_sg"] = {args[1] .. "áram, *-ā́ram, *-r̥m"} data.forms["具格_sg"] = {args[1] .. "ráH"} data.forms["奪格_sg"] = {args[1] .. "ŕ̥š, *-rás"} data.forms["与格_sg"] = {args[1] .. "ráy"} data.forms["属格_sg"] = data.forms["奪格_sg"] data.forms["処格_sg"] = {args[1] .. "ári"} data.forms["主格_du"] = {args[1] .. "áraH, -ā́raH"} data.forms["呼格_du"] = {args[1] .. "araH, -āraH"} data.forms["対格_du"] = data.forms["主格_du"] data.forms["具格_du"] = {args[1] .. "ŕ̥bʰyā(m)"} data.forms["奪格_du"] = data.forms["具格_du"] data.forms["与格_du"] = data.forms["具格_du"] data.forms["属格_du"] = {args[1] .. "rā́s"} data.forms["処格_du"] = {args[1] .. "ráw"} if not args.nopl then data.forms["主格_pl"] = {args[1] .. "áras, -ā́ras"} data.forms["呼格_pl"] = {args[1] .. "aras, -āras"} data.forms["対格_pl"] = {args[1] .. "ŕ̥nš"} data.forms["具格_pl"] = {args[1] .. "ŕ̥bʰiš"} data.forms["奪格_pl"] = {args[1] .. "ŕ̥bʰyas"} data.forms["与格_pl"] = data.forms["奪格_pl"] data.forms["属格_pl"] = {args[1] .. "r̥náHam"} data.forms["処格_pl"] = {args[1] .. "ŕ̥šu"} end table.insert(data.categories, "インド・イラン祖語 名詞 r語幹") end }) decl_data["irreg"] = {} setmetatable(decl_data["irreg"], {__call = function(self, args, data) local word = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().subpageText irreg_data = require("モジュール:iir-decl-noun/data/irreg") if irreg_data.irreg[word] then irreg_data.irreg[word](args, data) else error("不規則変化が見つかりません。モジュール:iir-decl-noun/dataを確認して下さい。") end table.insert(data.categories, "インド・イラン祖語 不規則名詞") end }) return decl_data 9xogub7fdjlfp5q3c3hbbltgo11dx2z 0 556679 2278265 2272826 2026-06-02T06:19:37Z NekoyamaWataru 87354 /* {{hu}} */ 語句の修正 2278265 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DEFAULTSORT:pomade}} {{also|pomade|Pomade}} =={{hu}}== ==={{pron}}=== * {{hu-IPA}} * {{hyph|hu|po|má|dé}} ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|de|hu}} {{m|de|Pomade}} < {{etyl|fr|hu}} {{m|fr|pommade|ポマード}} < {{etyl|it|hu}} {{m|it|pomata||軟膏}} < {{m|it|pomo||林檎}} < {{etyl|la|hu}} {{m|la|pomum||林檎、果物}} ==={{noun}}=== {{hu-noun|~|k}} # [[ポマード]]。 ===={{decl}}==== {{hu-infl-nom|pomádé|o}}{{hu-pos-tok|pomádé}} ===参考文献=== * {{R:ErtSz}} [[Category:{{hu}}_理髪]] ffg082xtzn56wy9fdm3bpvf0i6fh6wr 0 556693 2278268 2272832 2026-06-02T06:20:33Z NekoyamaWataru 87354 /* {{hu}} */ 語句の修正 2278268 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DEFAULTSORT:meliroz}} =={{hu}}== ==={{pron}}=== * {{hu-IPA}} * {{hyph|hu|me|lí|roz}} ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|de|hu}} {{m|de|melieren}} < {{etyl|fr|hu}} {{m|fr|mêler||混ぜる}} ==={{verb}}=== {{hu-verb}} # {{label|hu|transitive}} [[ハイライト]]に[[そめる|染める]]。 ===={{conjug}}==== {{hu-conj-ok|melír|o|z|caus=tat}} ===={{drv}}==== * {{l|hu|melír}} * {{l|hu|melírozás}} ===={{rel}}==== {{top4}} * {{l|hu|mesztic}} * {{l|hu|miskulancia}} * {{l|hu|mismásol}} → {{l|hu|elmismásol}} * {{l|hu|mixer}} * {{l|hu|mixtúra}} {{bottom}} [[Category:{{hu}}_理髪]] ryqxqgqjpk31evvsd3hfuhkclpqeo5b 0 557305 2278483 2159959 2026-06-02T10:59:00Z Kuroco2k 84207 2278483 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|cs}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{affix|cs|oznobit|-ina|alt1=oznoben}} ==={{pron}}=== *{{cs-IPA}} ==={{noun}}=== {{cs-noun|f}} #{{タグ|cs|medicine}} [[しもやけ|霜焼け]]。 #:{{coordinate terms|cs|omrzlina}} ===={{decl}}==== {{cs-ndecl|<f>}} ===参考文献=== *{{R:cs:PSJC}} *{{R:cs:SSJC}} *{{R:cs:IJP}} mxha93hp2ylb6hme3ciwimkckm7d9v3 0 557943 2278269 2272789 2026-06-02T06:21:20Z NekoyamaWataru 87354 /* {{hu}} */ 語句の修正 2278269 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|frizúra|frizură|frizūra}} =={{hu}}== ==={{pron}}=== * {{hu-IPA}} * {{hyph|hu|fri|zu|ra}} ==={{etym}}=== {{bor|hu|de|Frisur||髪型}} < {{etyl|fr|hu}} {{m|fr|frisure||巻く}} ==={{noun}}=== {{hu-noun|pl=frizurák}} # [[かみがた|髪型]]、[[ヘアスタイル]]。 #: {{syn|hu|hajviselet|frizkó|q2=slang|séró|q3=slang}} ===={{decl}}==== {{hu-infl-nom|frizurá|o}}{{hu-pos-tok|frizurá}} ===={{comp}}==== * {{l|hu|bubifrizura}} ===={{rel}}==== * {{l|hu|frizíroz}} * {{l|hu|frizőr}} ===参考文献=== * {{R:ErtSz}} [[Category:{{hu}}_理髪]] ioogkk8ukk560nwrkssj9gzf5fq9rrk 0 557945 2278270 2272788 2026-06-02T06:21:55Z NekoyamaWataru 87354 /* {{hu}} */ 語句の修正 2278270 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DEFAULTSORT:friziroz}} =={{hu}}== ==={{pron}}=== * {{hu-IPA}} * {{hyph|hu|fri|zí|roz}} ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|de|hu}} {{m|de|frisieren||髪型を整える}} < {{etyl|fr|hu}} {{m|fr|friser||巻く}} ==={{verb}}=== {{hu-verb}} # {{label|hu|transitive|archaic}} [[かみがた|髪型]]を[[ととのえる|整える]]、[[ヘアスタイル]]を[[つくる|作る]]。 ===={{conjug}}==== {{hu-conj-ok|frizír|o|z|caus=tat}} ===={{rel}}==== * {{l|hu|frizőr}} * {{l|hu|frizura}} ===参考文献=== * {{R:ErtSz}} [[Category:{{hu}}_理髪]] 0h2s7w1qpqzvz3f4xl3uoprux7067p8 0 557946 2278272 2272787 2026-06-02T06:22:31Z NekoyamaWataru 87354 /* {{hu}} */ 語句の修正 2278272 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DEFAULTSORT:frizor}} =={{hu}}== ==={{pron}}=== * {{hu-IPA}} * {{hyph|hu|fri|zőr}} ==={{etym}}=== {{bor|hu|de|Friseur}} < {{etyl|fr|hu}} {{m|fr|friseur||美容師}} < {{m|fr|friser||巻く}} ==={{noun}}=== {{hu-noun|ök}} # {{label|hu|archaic}} [[美容師]]、[[理髪師]]、[[かみゆい|髪結い]]。 #: {{syn|hu|fodrász}} ===={{decl}}==== {{hu-infl-nom|frizőrö|ö|-}}{{hu-pos-ötök|frizőr||ei}} ===={{rel}}==== * {{l|hu|frizíroz}} * {{l|hu|frizura}} ===参考文献=== * {{R:ErtSz}} [[Category:{{hu}}_職業]][[Category:{{hu}}_理髪]] b0sxv8uaugbqyendlude452nrdjmmvo 0 558520 2278274 2163286 2026-06-02T06:23:16Z NekoyamaWataru 87354 /* {{hu}} */ 語句の修正 2278274 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{hu}}== ==={{pron}}=== * {{hu-IPA}} * {{audio|hu|Hu-dinamikus.ogg}} * {{hyph|hu|di|na|mi|kus}} ==={{etym}}=== {{bor|hu|de|dynamisch}} < {{etyl|grc|hu}} {{m|grc|δυναμικός||強力な}} < {{m|grc|δύναμις||力}} ==={{adj}}=== {{hu-adj|abb}} # [[動力]]の、[[動的]]な、[[ダイナミック]]な。 #: {{syn|hu|energikus|mozgékony}} ===={{decl}}==== {{hu-infl-nom|dinamikusa|o}} ===={{drv}}==== * {{l|hu|dinamikusan}} * {{l|hu|dinamikusság}} ===={{rel}}==== {{top4}} * {{l|hu|dinamika}} * {{l|hu|dinamit}} * {{l|hu|dinamizmus}} * {{l|hu|dinamó}} {{bottom}} ===参考文献=== * {{R:ErtSz}} * {{R:Nagyszotar}} sav0v94ghkvijvmnrgcbzsvawd4920h 0 558522 2278277 2163288 2026-06-02T06:24:09Z NekoyamaWataru 87354 /* {{hu}} */ 語句の修正 2278277 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{hu}}== {{wikipedia|lang=hu}} ==={{pron}}=== * {{hu-IPA}} * {{hyph|hu|di|na|mi|ka}} ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|de|hu}} {{m|de|Dynamik}} < {{etyl|la|hu}} {{m|la|dynamica}} ({{m|la|ars}}) ==={{noun}}=== {{hu-noun|-|pl=dinamikák}} # [[力学]]、[[動力学]]。[[Category:{{hu}}_力学|*]] # {{label|hu|music}} [[強弱法]]。 #: 音の強弱の変化ないし対比による音楽表現 # {{label|hu|figuratively}} [[原動力]]、[[活動力]]。 ===={{decl}}==== {{hu-infl-nom|dinamiká|o}}{{hu-pos-tok|dinamiká}} ===={{drv}}==== * {{l|hu|dinamikai}} ===={{comp}}==== * {{l|hu|csoportdinamika}} ===={{rel}}==== {{top4}} * {{l|hu|dinamikus}} * {{l|hu|dinamit}} * {{l|hu|dinamizmus}} * {{l|hu|dinamó}} {{bottom}} ===参考文献=== * {{R:ErtSz}} * {{R:Nagyszotar}} 2nc9oa7igzkw4v80vvusix2djrasw2k 0 558524 2278278 2163290 2026-06-02T06:24:50Z NekoyamaWataru 87354 /* {{hu}} */ 語句の修正 2278278 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DEFAULTSORT:dinamo}} {{also|dínamo|dinamo}} =={{hu}}== {{wikipedia|lang=hu}} ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|de|hu}} {{m|de|Dynamo|dynamo-elektrische Maschine}} より ==={{pron}}=== * {{hu-IPA}} * {{hyph|hu|di|na|mó}} ==={{noun}}=== {{hu-noun|k}} # [[発電機]]、[[ダイナモ]]。 ===={{decl}}==== {{hu-infl-nom|dinamó|o}}{{hu-pos-tok|dinamó}} ===={{rel}}==== {{top4}} * {{l|hu|dinamika}} * {{l|hu|dinamikus}} * {{l|hu|dinamit}} * {{l|hu|dinamizmus}} {{bottom}} ===参考文献=== * {{R:ErtSz}} * {{R:Nagyszotar}} pcmuhw7686c4q8jd97d48dt0a5wvalz 0 559048 2278279 2268401 2026-06-02T06:25:24Z NekoyamaWataru 87354 /* {{hu}} */ 語句の修正 2278279 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{hu}}== ==={{pron}}=== * {{hu-IPA}} * {{audio|hu|Hu-puszta.ogg}} * {{hyph|hu|pusz|ta}} ==={{etym}}=== {{bor|hu|sla|-}} < {{etyl|sla-pro|hu}} {{m|sla-pro|*pustъ}} {{cog|sh|pust}} {{cog|pl|pusty}} ==={{adj}}=== {{hu-adj|comp=pusztább}} # [[むきだし|剥き出し]]の、[[露出]]した。 #: {{syn|hu|csupasz|pőre}} ===={{drv}}==== * {{l|hu|pusztán}} ==={{noun}}=== {{hu-noun|pl=puszták}} # [[平原]]、[[平地]]、[[平野]]。[[Category:{{hu}}_地形]] # {{label|hu|specifically|しばしば最初の文字を大文字に}} {{w|プスタ}}、[[ハンガリー平原]]、[[ハンガリー草原]]。 ===={{decl}}==== {{hu-infl-nom|pusztá|o}}{{hu-pos-tok|pusztá}} ===={{drv}}==== {{top3}} * {{l|hu|pusztaság}} * {{l|hu|pusztít}} * {{l|hu|pusztul}} {{bottom}} ===参考文献=== * {{R:ErtSz}} b05nzb6uxshj2si35m4ivwsd7ridald 0 559715 2278281 2166146 2026-06-02T06:26:28Z NekoyamaWataru 87354 /* {{hu}} */ 語句の修正 2278281 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DEFAULTSORT:orul}} {{also|örül}} =={{hu}}== ==={{pron}}=== * {{hu-IPA}} * {{hyph|hu|őrül}} ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|ohu|hu}} {{m|ohu|*aβril||ぐるぐる回る、目眩がする}} < {{bor|hu|trk|-}} < {{etyl|trk-pro|hu}} {{m|trk-pro|*ebir-||回る、目眩がする}} {{cog|tr|evirmek||周りを回る}} {{cog|cv|авӑр||渦巻き}} ==={{verb}}=== {{hu-verb}} # {{label|hu|intransitive|archaic|rare}} [[くるう|狂う]]、[[きちがい|気違い]]になる、[[発狂]]する。 ===={{usage}}==== {{U:hu:preferred-verbal-prefix|őrül|bele|meg|base=y}} ===={{conjug}}==== {{hu-conj-ök|őr|ü|l|intrans=y}} ===={{drv}}==== {{top3}} * {{l|hu|őrülés}} → {{l|hu|őrülési}} * {{l|hu|őrület}} → {{l|hu|őrületes}} * {{l|hu|őrült}} → {{l|hu|őrültség}} {{bottom}} {{hu-verbpref|őrül|bele|meg}} ===={{rel}}==== * {{l|hu|őrjöng}} ==={{seealso}}=== {{top3}} * {{l|hu|őr}} * {{l|hu|őriz}} * {{l|hu|őröl}} {{bottom}} ===参考文献=== * {{R:CzuczorFogarasi 1862|orul-69B02|őrül|onlylink=y}} ば次の項目を参照: {{R:CzuczorFogarasi 1862|orjul-69AAB|őrjül}} p27k6dlh317rw2tqax3v0j0akrcpzio 0 559734 2278283 2166168 2026-06-02T06:27:03Z NekoyamaWataru 87354 /* {{hu}} */ 語句の修正 2278283 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DEFAULTSORT:oriz}} {{also|oriz}} =={{hu}}== ==={{pron}}=== * {{hu-IPA}} * {{hyph|hu|őriz}} ==={{etym}}=== チュヴァシ語系{{etyl|trk|hu}}または {{m|hu|őr}} から派生 ==={{verb}}=== {{hu-verb}} # {{label|hu|transitive}} [[警備]]する、[[監視]]する、[[安全]]を[[たもつ|保つ]]、[[番]]をする。 ===={{conjug}}==== {{hu-conj-őriz}} <!-- http://corpus.nytud.hu/cgi-bin/e-szokincs/alaktan?lemma=%F5riz --> ===={{drv}}==== {{top3}} * {{l|hu|őrizet}} * {{l|hu|őrizkedik}} * {{l|hu|őrző}} {{bottom}} {{hu-verbpref|őriz|meg}} ===={{idiom}}==== * {{l|hu|Isten őrizz|Isten őrizz!}} ===={{rel}}==== * {{l|hu|ellenőriz}} ===参考文献=== * {{R:ErtSz}} 4looxqa18a1frgr0phpdju2wa05uggb 0 559741 2278302 2166239 2026-06-02T06:51:18Z 鍼灸 112313 2278302 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|しょかん|じょかん|じょがん}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana|h=y}} *【[[初願]]】：最初からの願い。 *【[[所願]]】：[[ねがい|願い]]。 *【[[諸願]]】：[[いろいろ]]な願い。 hc1hlrtm8jqwzhxcao7i0ztr7qoo8e5 0 560615 2278284 2167991 2026-06-02T06:27:34Z NekoyamaWataru 87354 /* {{hu}} */ 語句の修正 2278284 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DEFAULTSORT:diszkriminacio}} =={{hu}}== ==={{pron}}=== * {{hu-IPA}} * {{hyph|hu|diszk|ri|mi|ná|ció}} ==={{etym}}=== {{bor|hu|en|discrimination}} < {{etyl|la|hu}} {{m|la|discriminatio}} ==={{noun}}=== {{hu-noun|-|k}} # [[差別]]。 #: {{syn|hu|([[hátrányos]]) [[megkülönböztetés]]}} ===={{decl}}==== {{hu-infl-nom|diszkrimináció|o}}{{hu-pos-tok|diszkrimináció}} ===={{drv}}==== * {{l|hu|diszkriminációs}} ===={{rel}}==== * {{l|hu|diszkriminál}} * {{l|hu|diszkriminatív}} ===参考文献=== * {{R:Nagyszotar}} 0ams8rm9vv9vj7ol9tbqahno9s6x2y5 0 560616 2278285 2167992 2026-06-02T06:28:22Z NekoyamaWataru 87354 /* {{hu}} */ 語句の修正 2278285 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DEFAULTSORT:diszkriminal}} =={{hu}}== ==={{pron}}=== * {{hu-IPA}} * {{hyph|hu|diszk|ri|mi|nál}} ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|en|hu}} {{m|en|discriminate}} < {{etyl|la|hu}} {{m|la|discrimino|discrīmināre}} ==={{verb}}=== {{hu-verb}} # {{label|hu|transitive}} [[差別]]する、差別[[待遇]]を[[おこなう|行う]]。 ===={{conjug}}==== {{hu-conj-ok|diszkrimin|á|l|caus=tat}} ===={{drv}}==== * {{l|hu|diszkriminálás}} ===={{rel}}==== * {{l|hu|diszkrimináció}} * {{l|hu|diszkriminatív}} ===参考文献=== * {{R:Nagyszotar}} fpr8vvnk9j31qfa3mv70ea73y7ukncu 0 563929 2278288 2174531 2026-06-02T06:29:24Z NekoyamaWataru 87354 /* {{hu}} */ 語句の修正 2278288 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DEFAULTSORT:obegat}} =={{hu}}== ==={{pron}}=== * {{hu-IPA}} * {{hyph|hu|óbé|gat}} ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|de|hu}} {{m|de|[[oh]] [[weh]]}} + 接尾辞 "{{m|hu|-gat|pos=反復動詞形成接尾辞}}" ===Verb=== {{hu-verb}} # {{label|hu|intransitive|colloquial|derogatory}} [[おおごえ|大声]]で[[なく|泣く]]、[[めそめそ]]と泣く。 #: {{syn|hu|jajgat|jajveszékel|siránkozik}} # {{label|hu|intransitive|colloquial|derogatory|酒宴などで}} [[熱唱]]する、大声を[[はりあげる|張り上げる]]、[[ちからづよい|力強く]][[うたいあげる|歌い上げる]]、[[大合唱]]をする。 #: {{uxi|hu|A részegek egész este '''óbégattak''' a kocsmában.|酔っ払いたちは一晩中居酒屋で'''大声を張り上げていた'''。}} # {{label|hu|transitive|colloquial|derogatory}} [[くどくど]][[愚痴]]を[[こぼす|溢す]]、大声で[[文句]]を言う。 #: {{uxi|hu|Azt '''óbégatta''', hogy elvesztette a fogadást.|彼/彼女は賭けに負けたと'''愚痴っていた'''。}} ===={{conjug}}==== {{hu-conj-ok|óbég|a|t|caus=tat}} ===参考文献=== * {{R:ErtSz}} 2ffi443ifutjsw6bav1s3tzramo0n8h 0 564671 2278289 2176062 2026-06-02T06:30:00Z NekoyamaWataru 87354 /* {{hu}} */ 語句の修正 2278289 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|Haver|häver}} =={{hu}}== ==={{pron}}=== * {{hu-IPA}} * {{hyph|hu|ha|ver}} ==={{etym}}=== {{bor|hu|yi|חבֿר|tr=khaver}} < {{etyl|he|hu}} {{m|he|sc=Hebr|חבר|tr=khaver||友人}} ==={{noun}}=== {{hu-noun|ok}} # {{label|hu|slang}} [[とも|友]]、[[仲間]]、[[相棒]]、[[やつ|奴]]。 #: {{syn|hu|barát|cimbora|pajtás}} # {{label|hu|pejorative}} [[共犯者]]、[[ぐる|グル]]。[[Category:{{hu}}_犯罪]] #: {{syn|hu|cinkostárs|bűntárs}} ===={{decl}}==== {{hu-infl-nom|havero|o|-}}{{hu-pos-otok|haver|j|jai}} ===={{drv}}==== {{top3}} * {{l|hu|haveri}} * {{l|hu|haverkodik}} * {{l|hu|haverság}} {{bottom}} ===参考文献=== * {{R:ErtSz}} * {{R:Nagyszotar}} 9me58op96jz1pplz795ufum7fpmi10n 0 564678 2278478 2176071 2026-06-02T10:57:27Z Kuroco2k 84207 /* {{decl}} */ 2278478 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|Banglades|Bangladés|Bangladeš|Bangladeș|Bangladeş}} =={{L|sk}}== ==={{pron}}=== *{{sk-IPA}} ==={{name}}=== {{sk-proper noun|g=m|gen=Bangladéša|decl=stroj}} #{{タグ|sk|アジアの国}} [[バングラデシュ]]。 ===={{decl}}==== {{sk-decl-noun-sg|Bangladéš|Bangladéša|Bangladéšu|Bangladéš|Bangladéši|Bangladéšom}} =={{L|cs}}== ==={{pron}}=== *{{cs-IPA}} *{{音声|cs|Cs-Bangladéš.ogg}} ==={{name}}=== {{cs-proper noun|g=m-in}} #{{タグ|cs|アジアの国}} [[バングラデシュ]]。 ===={{decl}}==== {{cs-ndecl|<m.sg>}} 7s3roipx1z73v5soy3bacbc1shis6q7 0 564833 2278290 2176407 2026-06-02T06:30:40Z NekoyamaWataru 87354 /* {{hu}} */ 語句の修正 2278290 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{hu}}== {{wikipedia|lang=hu}} ==={{pron}}=== * {{hu-IPA}} * {{hyph|hu|gya|ur}} ==={{etym}}=== {{bor|hu|ota|ﮔﺎﻭﺭ|tr=gâvur||非イスラム教徒}} < {{etyl|fa|hu}} {{m|fa|گاور|tr=gâvor||ゾロアスター教徒}} < {{m|fa|گبر|tr=gabr}} ==={{noun}}=== {{hu-noun|ok}} # {{label|hu|derogatory}} [[異教徒]]、[[邪宗徒]]、[[不信心者]]、非[[イスラム教徒]]。 #: イスラム教徒でない人々、特にキリスト教徒 ===={{decl}}==== {{hu-infl-nom|gyauro|o|-}}{{hu-pos-otok|gyaur|j|jai}} ===参考文献=== * {{R:ErtSz}} 6hqnwxkvpkjmpf3ozhx8886f493wuq7 0 564834 2278292 2176408 2026-06-02T06:31:29Z NekoyamaWataru 87354 /* {{hu}} */ 語句の修正 2278292 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DEFAULTSORT:gorbe}} =={{hu}}== ==={{pron}}=== * {{hu-IPA}} * {{audio|hu|Hu-görbe.ogg}} * {{hyph|hu|gör|be}} ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|sla|hu}}より {{cog|sla-pro|*gъrbъ}} 元の形は {{m|hu|gurba}} で、今でも {{m|hu|girbegurba|t=曲がりくねった、捻れた}}という形容詞が残っている ==={{adj}}=== {{hu-adj|comp=görbébb}} # [[まがる|曲がった]]、[[ゆがむ|歪んだ]]、[[湾曲]]した、[[曲線状]]の。 #: {{ant|hu|egyenes}} # {{label|hu|figuratively}} [[不正直]]な、[[誠意]]のない、[[こころ|心]]の曲がった。 #: {{uxi|hu|'''görbe''' úton jár|詐欺師になる、不正行為をする|lit='''曲がった'''道を進む}} # {{label|hu|figuratively|humorous|slightly||pejorative}} [[のんだくれる|飲んだくれた]]、[[ばかさわぎ|馬鹿騒ぎ]]の。 #: {{uxi|hu|Tegnap csaptunk egy '''görbe''' estét.|私達は昨夜馬鹿騒ぎをしていました。}} # {{label|hu|figuratively|視線}} [[よこめ|横目]]の。 ## [[うたがい|疑い]]の、[[疑念]]を[[いだく|抱いた]]、[[あやしむ|怪しむ]]、[[邪推]]の、[[不信]]の、[[不承認]]の ## [[敵意]]の、[[いかり|怒り]]の[[こもる|籠もった]]。 #: {{uxi|hu|'''görbe''' szemmel néz rá|彼/彼女を'''疑いの'''目で見る}} ===={{decl}}==== {{hu-infl-nom|görbé|e}} ===={{drv}}==== {{top3}} * {{l|hu|görbeség}} * {{l|hu|görbít}} * {{l|hu|görbül}} {{bottom}} ===={{idiom}}==== * {{l|hu|csap egy görbe estét}} ==={{noun}}=== {{hu-noun|pl=görbék}} # {{label|hu|geometry}} [[曲線]]、[[カーブ]]。 # [[図表]]、[[グラフ]]。 #: {{syn|hu|grafikon}} ===={{decl}}==== {{hu-infl-nom|görbé|e}}{{hu-pos-tek|görbé}} ===={{comp}}==== {{top3}} * {{l|hu|járványgörbe}} * {{l|hu|lázgörbe}} * {{l|hu|szinuszgörbe}} {{bottom}} ===参考文献=== * {{R:ErtSz}} a18vts652yp8rvbub1pcxjfkfe43v72 0 564877 2278293 2176493 2026-06-02T06:32:21Z NekoyamaWataru 87354 /* {{hu}} */ 語句の修正 2278293 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{hu}}== ==={{pron}}=== * {{hu-IPA}} ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|fiu-pro|hu}} {{m|fiu-pro|*pośe}} < {{etyl|iir|hu}}より ==={{noun}}=== {{hu-noun|ok}} # {{label|hu|vulgar}} [[男根]]、[[陰茎]]、[[ペニス]]。[[Category:{{hu}}_性]] # {{label|hu|vulgar|人物|男性}} [[男]]、[[やつ#名詞･奴|奴]]、[[野郎]]、[[ばか|馬鹿]]、[[まぬけ|間抜け]]。 #: 非常に軽蔑すべき人物 ===={{decl}}==== {{hu-infl-nom|faszo|o|-}}{{hu-pos-otok|fasz||ai}} ===={{syn}}==== {{top4}} * {{l|hu|bájdorong}} * {{l|hu|biga}} * {{l|hu|bráner}} * {{l|hu|bré}} * {{l|hu|cerka}} * {{l|hu|csurgó}} * {{l|hu|dákó}} * {{l|hu|dárda}} * {{l|hu|fallosz}} * {{l|hu|farok}} * {{l|hu|fütyi}} (幼児語) * {{l|hu|fütykös}} * {{l|hu|gyík}} * {{l|hu|hancúrbot}} * {{l|hu|hancúrléc}} * {{l|hu|himbilimbi}} * {{l|hu|hímtag}} * {{l|hu|hímvessző}} (格式ばった表現) * {{l|hu|kéjléc}} * {{l|hu|kolbász}} * {{l|hu|kukac}} (幼児語) * {{l|hu|kuki}} (幼児語) * {{l|hu|kukkendáré}} * {{l|hu|lőcs}} * {{l|hu|mütyür}} * {{l|hu|nángó}} * {{l|hu|péló}} * {{l|hu|pénisz}} * {{l|hu|pöcs}} * {{l|hu|rudi}} * {{l|hu|szerszám}} {{bottom}} ===={{drv}}==== * {{l|hu|faszi}} ===={{comp}}==== {{top4}} * {{l|hu|balfasz}} * {{l|hu|faszfej}} * {{l|hu|faszkalap}} * {{l|hu|faszszopó}} * {{l|hu|lófasz}} {{bottom}} ===参考文献=== * {{R:ErtSz}} * {{R:Nagyszotar}} q64df32ehdso5t6udp9bud7mpx6gicb 0 564891 2278320 2176508 2026-06-02T08:09:51Z NekoyamaWataru 87354 /* {{hu}} */ 語句の修正 2278320 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DEFAULTSORT:dako}} {{also|dako|Dako}} =={{hu}}== [[Image:Longoni-cues.jpg|thumb|dákó|70px]] ==={{pron}}=== * {{hu-IPA}} * {{hyph|hu|dá|kó}} ==={{etym}}=== {{bor|hu|bar|dako}} < {{etyl|es|hu}} {{m|es|taco|t=キュー}} ==={{noun}}=== {{hu-noun|k}} # {{label|hu|ビリヤード}} [[キュー]]。 # {{label|hu|slang}} [[陰茎]]、[[ペニス]]。 ===={{decl}}==== {{hu-infl-nom|dákó|o}}{{hu-pos-tok|dákó}} ===参考文献=== * {{R:ErtSz}} * {{R:Nagyszotar}} g7hofvj0w0oitju76mg5qh66d8em7dh 0 565396 2278321 2177760 2026-06-02T08:09:53Z NekoyamaWataru 87354 /* {{hu}} */ 語句の修正 2278321 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DEFAULTSORT:ficsur}} =={{hu}}== ==={{pron}}=== * {{hu-IPA}} * {{hyph|hu|fi|csúr}} ==={{etym}}=== {{bor|hu|ro|fecior}}({{m|ro|ficior|t=少年、若者}}の方言) < {{etyl|VL.|hu}} {{m|VL.|*fetiolus|t=子供、少年}} < {{etyl|la|hu}} {{m|la|fētus|t=子供を生む}} ==={{noun}}=== {{hu-noun|ok}} # {{label|hu|pejorative}} [[きどりや|気取り屋]]、[[しゃれもの|洒落者]]、[[しゃれおとこ|洒落男]]、[[だてもの|伊達者]]、[[だておとこ|伊達男]]、[[ダンディ]]、[[スノッブ]]。 ===={{decl}}==== {{hu-infl-nom|ficsúro|o|-}}{{hu-pos-otok|ficsúr|j|jai}} ===参考文献=== * {{R:ErtSz}} emwbk5u2p0jo3icw97yrf8xp4773koc 0 565627 2278322 2178199 2026-06-02T08:09:56Z NekoyamaWataru 87354 /* {{hu}} */ 語句の修正 2278322 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DEFAULTSORT:safar}} {{also|safar|Safar|Sáfár}} =={{hu}}== ==={{pron}}=== * {{hu-IPA}} * {{hyph|hu|sá|fár}} ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|bar|hu}} {{m|bar|Schaffer||マネージャー、執行官}} < {{m|bar|schaffen||創造する}} ==={{noun}}=== {{hu-noun|ok}} # {{label|hu|literary}} [[支配人]]、[[管理者]]、[[監督者]]、[[マネージャー]]、[[世話役]]、[[幹事]]。 ===={{decl}}==== {{hu-infl-nom|sáfáro|o|-}}{{hu-pos-otok|sáfár|j|jai}} ===={{drv}}==== * {{l|hu|sáfárkodik}} ===参考文献=== * {{R:ErtSz}} qwvgfmyt7juid2m72h6xvxdcpfmzpt7 0 565867 2278323 2178751 2026-06-02T08:09:59Z NekoyamaWataru 87354 /* {{hu}} */ 語句の修正 2278323 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DEFAULTSORT:betyar}} =={{hu}}== ==={{pron}}=== * {{hu-IPA}} * {{audio|hu|Hu-betyár.ogg}} * {{hyph|hu|be|tyár}} ==={{etym}}=== {{bor|hu|sh|bećar}} < {{etyl|ota|hu}} {{m|ota|sc=ota-Arab|بیكار|tr=bekâr||独身男性}} < {{etyl|fa-cls|hu}} {{m|fa-cls|بیکَار||失業者、怠け者、放浪者}} ==={{noun}}=== {{hu-noun|ok}} # {{label|hu|historical}} [[おいはぎ|追い剥ぎ]]、[[山賊]]、[[ならずもの|成らず者]]、[[無法者]]。 # {{ふりがな|破落戸|ごろつき}}、[[悪者]]、[[悪党]]、[[悪漢]]。 ===={{decl}}==== {{hu-infl-nom|betyáro|o|-|esm_sg=1}}{{hu-pos-otok|betyár|j|jai}} ===={{drv}}==== {{top3}} * {{l|hu|betyárkodik}} * {{l|hu|betyáros}} * {{l|hu|betyárság}} {{bottom}} ===={{comp}}==== {{top4}} * {{l|hu|aszfaltbetyár}} * {{l|hu|betyárballada}} * {{l|hu|betyárbecsület}} * {{l|hu|betyárélet}} * {{l|hu|betyárgyerek}} * {{l|hu|betyárkörte}} * {{l|hu|betyárvilág}} * {{l|hu|telefonbetyár}} {{bottom}} ===={{desc}}==== * {{desc|cs|beťár|bor=1}} * {{desc|pl|baciar|bor=1|alts=1}} * {{desc|sk|beťár|bor=1}} * {{desc|uk|батя́р|bor=1|alts=1}} ===参考文献=== * {{R:ErtSz}} * {{R:Nagyszotar}} 9x86pa666hawpx6qkwibhiemmwso3cc 0 565883 2278324 2178777 2026-06-02T08:10:03Z NekoyamaWataru 87354 /* {{hu}} */ 語句の修正 2278324 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|karď}} =={{hu}}== ==={{pron}}=== * {{hu-IPA}} ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|ira|hu}}より {{cog|os|кард|sc=Cyrl}} {{cog|fa|کارد|tr=kârd||刀、剣}} ==={{noun}}=== {{hu-noun|ok}} # [[剣]]、[[かたな|刀]]。[[Category:{{hu}}_武器]] #: {{syn|hu|szablya}} ## {{label|hu|fencing}} [[サーブル]]。 ##: {{cot|hu|párbajtőr|tőr}} ===={{decl}}==== {{hu-infl-nom|kardo|o}}{{hu-pos-otok|kard|j|jai}} ===={{drv}}==== * {{l|hu|kardos}} * {{l|hu|kardozik}} ===={{comp}}==== {{top4}} * {{l|hu|fénykard}} * {{l|hu|kardbajnok}} * {{l|hu|kardcsapás}} * {{l|hu|kardcsapat}} * {{l|hu|kardcsörtetés}} * {{l|hu|kardforgató}} * {{l|hu|kardhal}} * {{l|hu|kardnyúlvány}} * {{l|hu|kardszárnyú}} * {{l|hu|kardvágás}} * {{l|hu|kardvirág}} * {{l|hu|kardvívás}} * {{l|hu|kardvívó}} {{bottom}} ===={{desc}}==== * {{desc|pl|kord}} * {{desc|lt|kardas}} ===参考文献=== * {{R:ErtSz}} os7wqqbkr3f6837j6u9alxoglpijs88 0 566434 2278325 2180059 2026-06-02T08:10:05Z NekoyamaWataru 87354 /* {{hu}} */ 語句の修正 2278325 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{hu}}== ==={{pron}}=== * {{hu-IPA}} * {{hyph|hu|en|ged}} ==={{etym}}=== おそらく{{etyl|trk|hu}}由来の語幹 + 接尾辞 "{{m|hu|-ed|pos=反復瞬間接尾辞}}" ==={{verb}}=== {{hu-verb}} # {{label|hu|intransitive}} [[屈する]]、[[まける|負ける]]、[[たおれる|倒れる]]、[[屈服]]する、[[降参]]する、[[陥落]]する。(～の力に {{hu-case|nak}}) #: {{ant|hu|ellenáll|t1=to withstand|ragaszkodik|t2=to insist}} # {{label|hu|intransitive}} [[ゆずる|譲る]]、[[譲歩]]する、[[しりぞく|退く]]、[[後退]]する、[[ひきさがる|引き下がる]]。(誰の立場から {{hu-case|ból}}}} # {{label|hu|transitive}} [[ゆるす|許す]]、[[許可]]する。 #: {{syn|hu|engedélyez|hagy}} #: {{ant|hu|tilt|megtilt}} # {{label|hu|transitive}} [[ながれる|流れる]]、[[もれる|漏れる]]、[[こぼれる|溢れる]]。 #: {{syn|hu|folyat|ereszt}} # {{label|hu|transitive|金額など}} [[へらす|減らす]]、[[減免]]する、[[さげる|下げる]]、[[さしひく|差し引く]]。(～から {{hu-case|ból}}, 減らす量は対格をとる) #: {{uxi|hu|Tíz százalék'''ot''' tudok '''engedni''' az ár'''ból'''.|価格を10パーセント'''割引'''できます。}} # {{label|hu|intransitive|縄や結び目}} [[ゆるめる|緩める]]。 #: {{syn|hu|kilazul|meglazul}} # {{label|hu|intransitive|主に霜}} [[とける|解ける]]、[[ゆるむ|緩む]]、[[やむ|止む]]、[[おわる|終わる]]、[[しずまる|静まる]]。 #: {{syn|hu|enyhül|mérséklődik}} # {{label|hu|intransitive|洗濯時の染料の色}} [[にじむ|滲む]]。 #: {{syn|hu|ereszt}} ===={{conjug}}==== {{hu-conj-ek|eng|e|d|caus=tet}} ===={{drv}}==== {{top4}} * {{l|hu|engedékeny}} * {{l|hu|engedelem}} * {{l|hu|engedély}} * {{l|hu|engedetlen}} * {{l|hu|engedmény}} {{bottom}} {{hu-verbpref|enged|át|be|el|előre|fel|hátra|haza|ide|keresztül|ki|le|meg|oda|össze|rá|szét|tovább|vissza}} ===={{idiom}}==== * {{l|hu|okos enged, szamár szenved}} ===={{rel}}==== * {{l|hu|engesztel}} ===={{desc}}==== * {{desc|rsk|енґедовац|bor=1}} * {{desc|ro|îngădui|bor=1}} ===参考文献=== * {{R:ErtSz}} * {{R:Nagyszotar}} ga136dbik3nkr1xjks2nz6vuw8184k6 0 567023 2278362 2194812 2026-06-02T08:42:34Z エクストリームガードレール 94024 歴史的仮名遣いを除去、syn→rel 2278362 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|こいずみしんじろうこうぶん}} =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanjitab|こ|いずみ|しん|じ|ろう|こう|ぶん|yomi=k2,o5}} ==={{etym}}=== {{compound|lang=ja|{{epon|ja|小泉進次郎}}|構文}} ==={{pron}}=== {{ja-pron|こいずみ しんじろう こうぶん}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|こいずみしんじろうこうぶん|head=[[小]][[泉]][[進]][[次]][[郎]][[構文]]}} #{{context|インターネットスラング|lang=ja}}{{w|小泉進次郎}}のような[[表現]]や[[文]]の独特な{{おくりがな3|言|い|い|回|まわ|し|いいまわし}}、すなわち[[冗長]]で[[同語反復]]的なもの。 ===={{rel}}==== *[[石丸伸二構文]] 89ldmk046fp4njrxqf4allh8ddl18og 2278370 2278362 2026-06-02T08:47:56Z エクストリームガードレール 94024 alter 2278370 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|こいずみしんじろうこうぶん}} =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanjitab|こ|いずみ|しん|じ|ろう|こう|ぶん|yomi=k2,o5}} ==={{alter}}=== *[[小泉構文]] ==={{etym}}=== {{compound|lang=ja|{{epon|ja|小泉進次郎}}|構文}} ==={{pron}}=== {{ja-pron|こいずみ しんじろう こうぶん}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|こいずみしんじろうこうぶん|head=[[小]][[泉]][[進]][[次]][[郎]][[構文]]}} #{{context|インターネットスラング|lang=ja}}{{w|小泉進次郎}}のような[[表現]]や[[文]]の独特な{{おくりがな3|言|い|い|回|まわ|し|いいまわし}}、すなわち[[冗長]]で[[同語反復]]的なもの。 ===={{rel}}==== *[[石丸伸二構文]] fekkkmjas87pq3drh5yoditzzsaaw30 0 567024 2278369 2181385 2026-06-02T08:45:55Z エクストリームガードレール 94024 歴史的仮名遣いを除去、context→タグ 2278369 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|こいずみこうぶん}} =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanjitab|こ|いずみ|こう|ぶん|yomi=k2,o2}} ==={{pron}}=== {{ja-pron|こいずみこうぶん|acc=6}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|こいずみこうぶん|head=[[小]][[泉]][[構文]]}} #{{タグ|ja|abbreviation|インターネットスラング}}[[小泉進次郎構文]]。 4ygdju6tz6f1lylclg1pe42lnimhu43 0 567905 2278326 2221182 2026-06-02T08:10:09Z NekoyamaWataru 87354 /* {{hu}} */ 語句の修正 2278326 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DEFAULTSORT:ero}} {{also|ero|e-rờ|érő|ẹro|-erò|-erö}} =={{hu}}== ==={{pron}}=== * {{hu-IPA}} * {{hyph|hu|erő}} ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|trk-ogr|hu}} < {{etyl|trk-pro|hu}} {{m|trk-pro|*erk|t=力}} ==={{noun}}=== {{hu-noun|~|k}} # [[つよさ|強さ]]、[[力]]。 ## [[体力]]、[[腕力]]。 ## [[迫力]]、[[説得力]]。 ## [[知力]]、[[想像力]]、[[創造力]]、[[努力]]。 ## [[権力]]、[[支配力]]、[[暴力]]。 ## {{label|hu|薬など}} [[効力]]、[[効き目]]。 ## {{label|hu|溶液や酒など}} [[こい|濃さ]]。 ## {{label|hu|土壌や農地など}} [[肥沃]]さ。 ## {{label|hu|軍隊など}} [[勢力]]、[[軍事力]]、[[兵力]]。 ===={{decl}}==== {{hu-infl-nom|erő|ö}}{{hu-pos-tök|erő|3sg_sg2=ereje|3pl_sg2=erejük}} ===={{drv}}==== {{top4}} * {{l|hu|erejű}} * {{l|hu|erőd}} * {{l|hu|erődít}}, {{l|hu|erődítmény}} * {{l|hu|erőlködik}} * {{l|hu|erőltet}} → {{l|hu|erőltetett}} → {{l|hu|erőltetettség}} * {{l|hu|erős}} → {{l|hu|erősít}}, {{l|hu|erősödik}}, {{l|hu|erősködik}}, {{l|hu|erősség}} * {{l|hu|erőtlen}} → {{l|hu|elerőtlenedik|(el)}}{{l|hu|erőtlenedik}} {{bottom}} ===={{comp}}==== (この項目で始まるもの): {{top4}} * {{l|hu|erőállapot}} * {{l|hu|erőátvitel}} * {{l|hu|erőbedobás}} * {{l|hu|erődemonstráció}} * {{l|hu|erőegyensúly}} * {{l|hu|erőfeszítés}} * {{l|hu|erőfitogtatás}} * {{l|hu|erőforrás}} * {{l|hu|erőfölény}} * {{l|hu|erőgép}} * {{l|hu|erőgyűjtés}} * {{l|hu|erőhatalom}} * {{l|hu|erőhatás}} * {{l|hu|erőkar}} * {{l|hu|erőkifejtés}} * {{l|hu|erőleves}} * {{l|hu|erőmérő}} * {{l|hu|erőmutatvány}} * {{l|hu|erőmű}} * {{l|hu|erőművész}} * {{l|hu|erőnlét}} ({{l|hu|erőn}} + {{l|hu|lét}}) * {{l|hu|erőnyerő}} * {{l|hu|erőpár}} * {{l|hu|erőpolitika}} * {{l|hu|erőpróba}} * {{l|hu|erőszak}} * {{l|hu|erőtakarmány}} * {{l|hu|erőtartalék}} * {{l|hu|erőtelep}} * {{l|hu|erőteljes}} * {{l|hu|erőtér}} * {{l|hu|erőviszony}} * {{l|hu|erővonal}} {{bottom}} (この項目で終わるもの): {{top4}} * {{l|hu|akaraterő}} * {{l|hu|alkotóerő}} * {{l|hu|állítóerő}} * {{l|hu|atomerő}} * {{l|hu|átütőerő}} ([[átütő]] erő) * {{l|hu|bűverő}} * {{l|hu|csáberő}} * {{l|hu|csúsztatóerő}} * {{l|hu|életerő}} * {{l|hu|felhajtóerő}} * {{l|hu|fényerő}} * {{l|hu|férfierő}} * {{l|hu|feszítőerő}}, {{l|hu|feszerő}} (古語) * {{l|hu|forgatóerő}} * {{l|hu|géperő}} * {{l|hu|gőzerő}} * {{l|hu|gyógyerő}} * {{l|hu|haderő}} * {{l|hu|hajtóerő}} * {{l|hu|hangerő}} * {{l|hu|hatóerő}} * {{l|hu|horderő}} * {{l|hu|igaerő}} * {{l|hu|izomerő}} * {{l|hu|jogerő}} * {{l|hu|képzelőerő}} * {{l|hu|kifejezőerő}} * {{l|hu|légierő}} * {{l|hu|lelkierő}} * {{l|hu|lendítőerő}} * {{l|hu|lóerő}} * {{l|hu|magánerő}} * {{l|hu|mozgatóerő}} * {{l|hu|munkaerő}} * {{l|hu|nyomóerő}} * {{l|hu|önerő}} * {{l|hu|őserő}} * {{l|hu|segéderő}} * {{l|hu|talajerő}} * {{l|hu|tanerő}} * {{l|hu|táperő}} * {{l|hu|térerő}} * {{l|hu|termelőerő}} * {{l|hu|termőerő}} * {{l|hu|tetterő}} * {{l|hu|tolóerő}} * {{l|hu|tőkeerő}} * {{l|hu|törvényerő}} * {{l|hu|túlerő}} * {{l|hu|tűzerő}} * {{l|hu|ütőerő}} * {{l|hu|varázserő}} * {{l|hu|vásárlóerő}} * {{l|hu|véderő}}, {{l|hu|védőerő}} * {{l|hu|villanyerő}} * {{l|hu|vízerő}} * {{l|hu|vonóerő}} * {{l|hu|vonzerő}}, {{l|hu|vonzóerő}} {{bottom}} ===={{idiom}}==== * {{l|hu|erőre kap}} * {{l|hu|tehetetlenségi erő}} ===参考文献=== * {{R:ErtSz}} * {{R:Nagyszotar}} ojrfdvqmg41sk0s2o74kjvlrbaiph3p 0 568238 2278327 2184019 2026-06-02T08:10:12Z NekoyamaWataru 87354 /* {{hu}} */ 語句の修正 2278327 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DEFAULTSORT:polgar}} {{also|polgar}} =={{hu}}== ==={{pron}}=== * {{hu-IPA}} * {{audio|hu|Hu-polgár.ogg}} * {{hyph|hu|pol|gár}} ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|de|hu}}より {{cog|gmh|purgære}} * 初期の新高ドイツ語 {{m|de|purger}} {{cog|de|Bürger||市民}} ==={{noun}}=== {{hu-noun|ok}} # [[公民]]、[[国民]]、[[人民]]、[[市民]]、[[町民]]、[[住民]]、[[民間人]]、[[一般人]]。 ===={{decl}}==== {{hu-infl-nom|polgáro|o|-}}{{hu-pos-otok|polgár||ai}} ===={{drv}}==== {{top3}} * {{l|hu|polgári}} * {{l|hu|polgárosodik}} ({{l|hu|polgáriasodik}}, {{l|hu|polgárosul}}) * {{l|hu|polgárság}} {{bottom}} ===={{comp}}==== (この項目で始まるもの): {{top4}} * {{l|hu|polgárbarát}} * {{l|hu|polgárháború}} * {{l|hu|polgárjog}}, {{l|hu|polgárjogi}} * {{l|hu|polgárkirály}} * {{l|hu|polgármester}} * {{l|hu|polgárőr}}, {{l|hu|polgárőrség}} * {{l|hu|polgárpukkasztás}}, {{l|hu|polgárpukkasztó}} * {{l|hu|polgártárs}} {{bottom}} (この項目で終わるもの): {{top4}} * {{l|hu|állampolgár}} * {{l|hu|díszpolgár}} * {{l|hu|honpolgár}} * {{l|hu|kispolgár}} * {{l|hu|nagypolgár}} * {{l|hu|nyárspolgár}} * {{l|hu|választópolgár}} * {{l|hu|világpolgár}} {{bottom}} ===={{rel}}==== * {{l|hu|polgárista}} (古語) < {{l|hu|polgári iskola}} ===参考文献=== * {{R:ErtSz}} t9a70s25tm1a2wt3jgucs8dl4cxoxsn 0 569222 2278328 2186489 2026-06-02T08:10:14Z NekoyamaWataru 87354 /* {{hu}} */ 語句の修正 2278328 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DEFAULTSORT:dandar}} =={{hu}}== {{wikipedia|lang=hu}} ==={{pron}}=== * {{hu-IPA}} * {{hyph|hu|dan|dár}} ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|ota|hu}} {{m|ota|sc=ota-Arab|دمدار|tr=dümdar}} < {{etyl|fa|hu}} {{m|fa|دمدار|tr=domdâr||後衛}} ==={{noun}}=== {{hu-noun|ok}} # {{label|hu|military}} [[旅団]]。 #: 師団よりも小さく、連隊と同等またはこれよりも大きい部隊の単位 # {{label|hu|所有接尾辞とともに}} [[群衆]]、[[大勢]]、[[ひとごみ|人混み]]、(動物) [[大群]]、[[群れ]]、(物体) [[やま|山]]、[[やまづみ|山積み]]、[[せいぞろい|勢揃い]]。 #: {{syn|hu|sereg|tömeg|sokaság|halom|csapat|garmada}} # {{label|hu|所有接尾辞とともに}} [[大部分]]、[[大半]]、[[大多数]]、[[多数派]]。 #: {{syn|hu|zöm|q2=only possessive in this sense|java|nagyja|többség|[[nagy]]/[[túlnyomó]] [[rész]]}} # {{label|hu|所有接尾辞とともに}} [[もっとも|最も]][[重要]]な部分、最も[[集中的]]な部分、[[主力]]。 #: {{syn|hu|oroszlánrész|[[nehéz#Noun|neheze]]|[[legnehezebb|legnehezebbje]]}} ===={{decl}}==== {{hu-infl-nom|dandáro|o|-}}{{hu-pos-otok|dandár|j|jai}} ===={{cot}}==== {{list:military units/hu}} ===={{comp}}==== * {{l|hu|dandártábornok}} ===参考文献=== * {{R:ErtSz}} * {{R:Nagyszotar}} ftn3q97b0v31i6qo8aduv5jjdr1qde2 0 570170 2278329 2188784 2026-06-02T08:10:17Z NekoyamaWataru 87354 /* {{hu}} */ 語句の修正 2278329 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{hu}}== ==={{pron}}=== * {{hu-IPA}} * {{hyph|hu|akaszt}} ==={{etym}}=== 動詞 {{m|hu|akad}} と同じ{{etyl|urj-ugr-pro|hu}}由来の語幹 + 接尾辞 "{{m|hu|-aszt|pos=使役接尾辞}}"[[Category:{{hu}}_接尾辞"-aszt"]] ==={{verb}}=== {{hu-verb}} # {{label|hu|transitive}} [[かける|掛ける]]、[[ひっかける|引っ掛ける]]、[[つるす|吊るす]]、[[さげる|下げる]]、[[たらす|垂らす]]。 #: 中動態: {{l|hu|akad}} # {{label|hu|transitive}} [[絞首刑]]にする。 ===={{conjug}}==== {{hu-conj-ok|aka|sz|t}} ===={{drv}}==== * {{l|hu|akasztás}} * {{l|hu|akasztó}} → {{l|hu|akasztófa}} {{hu-verbpref|akaszt|be|bele|fel|föl|ki|le|meg|rá|vissza|össze}} ===={{rel}}==== * {{l|hu|aggat}} * {{l|hu|akad}} ===参考文献=== * {{R:ErtSz}} * {{R:Nagyszotar}} 35tbs0tzk9hg44ddka0djkkjw2tgiui 0 570181 2278330 2188859 2026-06-02T08:10:20Z NekoyamaWataru 87354 /* {{hu}} */ 語句の修正 2278330 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{hu}}== ==={{pron}}=== * {{hu-IPA}} * {{hyph|hu|akad}} ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|urj-ugr-pro|hu}} {{m|urj-ugr-pro|*ϑᴕkkɜ||行き詰まる; 行き着く、出会う}} + 接尾辞 "{{m|hu|-ad|pos=反復動詞形成接尾辞}}"[[Category:{{hu}}_接尾辞"-ad"]] ==={{verb}}=== {{hu-verb}} # {{label|hu|intransitive}} [[ひっかかる|引っ掛かる]]、[[はまる|嵌まる]]、[[はさまる|挟まる]]、[[つまる|詰まる]]、[[くいこむ|食い込む]]、[[ささる|刺さる]]、[[うごく|動か]]なくなる。(～の表面へ {{hu-case|n}}, ～の中へ {{hu-case|ba}}) #: 能動態: {{l|hu|akaszt}} #: {{uxi|hu|Torká'''n akadt''' a szó.|彼/彼女は言葉を喉に詰まらせた。}} #: {{uxi|hu|A ruhám ujja az ajtókilincs'''be akadt'''.|ドレスの袖がドアノブに'''引っかかってしまいました'''。}} # {{label|hu|intransitive}} [[ある]]、[[あらわれる|現れる]]。 #: {{uxi|hu|'''Akadt''' valami probléma?|何か問題が'''ありましたか'''？}} # {{label|hu|intransitive}} [[偶然]][[であう|出会う]]、[[おもいがけず|思いがけず]][[みつける|見つける]]、[[でくわす|出会す]]。(～に {{hu-case|ra}}) #: {{uxi|hu|A nyomunk'''ra akadtak'''.|彼ら/彼女らは私たちの足跡を'''見つけました'''。}} ===={{conjug}}==== {{hu-conj-ok|ak|a|d|intrans=y|past=t}} ===={{drv}}==== {{top3}} * {{l|hu|akadály}} * {{l|hu|akadékoskodik}} * {{l|hu|akadozik}} {{bottom}} {{hu-verbpref|akad|be|bele|el|fel|fenn|ki|meg|össze|rá}} ===={{idiom}}==== * {{l|hu|emberére akad}} * {{l|hu|útjába akad}} ===={{rel}}==== {{top4}} * {{l|hu|aggat}} * {{l|hu|aggaszt}} * {{l|hu|akar}} * {{l|hu|akaszkodik}} * {{l|hu|akaszt}} {{bottom}} ===参考文献=== * {{R:ErtSz}} * {{R:Nagyszotar}} 5xj0bptkfjvipay98rav5vfho3ullj5 0 571424 2278331 2191528 2026-06-02T08:10:23Z NekoyamaWataru 87354 /* {{hu}} */ 語句の修正 2278331 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DEFAULTSORT:borju}} =={{hu}}== {{wikipedia|lang=hu}} ==={{pron}}=== * {{hu-IPA|borjú|borju}} * {{hyph|hu|bor|jú}} ==={{etym}}=== {{w|オグール語群}}[[Category:{{hu}}_オグール語群借用語]][[Category:{{hu}}_オグール語群由来]] [[*burəʷu]]<!--borテンプレートに言語コードtrk-ogrを設定するとエラーになるため--> < {{etyl|trk-pro|hu}} {{m|trk-pro|*buŕagu}} {{cog|cv|пӑру||calf}} {{cog|otk|𐰉𐰆𐰕𐰍𐰆|ts=buzaɣu}} {{cog|ota|بوزاغو|tr=buzağı||calf}} この語はモンゴル語族でも見られる。ハンガリー語に伝わった形はおそらく*buraɣu 。 ==={{noun}}=== {{hu-noun|k|alt=borjak}} # [[こうし|子牛]]。 # [[幼獣]]。 #: シカ、ノロジカ、バイソン、キリン、ゾウ、クジラ、アザラシ、カバなど大型哺乳類の子供 # {{l|hu|borjúhús||子牛の肉}}の類義語。 ===={{usage}}==== 所有形には意味の違いで3人称のときに2つの語形が存在する。下記の例ではそれぞれ1例目が生物学的な親子関係を、2番目がそれ以外の所有関係を意味している。 単数所有形の場合: : {{uxi|hu|a tehén '''borja'''|牛の'''子牛'''}} : {{uxi|hu|a gazda '''borjúja'''|農夫の'''子牛'''}} 複数所有形: : {{uxi|hu|a tehén '''borjai'''|牛の'''子牛達'''}} : {{uxi|hu|a gazda '''borjúi'''|農夫の'''子牛達'''}} ===={{decl}}==== {{hu-infl-nom|borjú|o}} {{hu-infl-nom|borja|o|stem2=borjú}}{{hu-pos-tok|borjú|3sg_sg2=borja|3pl_sg2=borjuk}} 生物学的な両親との関係では: {{hu-pos-tok|borja|n=pl}} ===={{drv}}==== * {{l|hu|borjas}} * {{l|hu|borjazik}}, {{l|hu|borjadzik}} ===={{comp}}==== (この項目で始まるもの): {{top4}} * {{l|hu|borjúaprólék}} * {{l|hu|borjúbelsőség}} * {{l|hu|borjúcsont}} * {{l|hu|borjúcsorda}} * {{l|hu|borjúcsülök}} * {{l|hu|borjúfark}} * {{l|hu|borjúfej}} * {{l|hu|borjúfilé}} * {{l|hu|borjúfóka}} * {{l|hu|borjúgerinc}} * {{l|hu|borjúistálló}} * {{l|hu|borjúkaraj}} * {{l|hu|borjúkötél}} * {{l|hu|borjúlapocka}} * {{l|hu|borjúnyelv}} * {{l|hu|borjúpacal}} * {{l|hu|borjúpaprikás}} * {{l|hu|borjúpásztor}} * {{l|hu|borjúpecsenye}} * {{l|hu|borjútüdő}} * {{l|hu|borjúvágó}} * {{l|hu|borjúvelő}} {{bottom}} (この項目で終わるもの): {{top4}} * {{l|hu|aranyborjú}} * {{l|hu|bikaborjú}} * {{l|hu|bivalyborjú}} * {{l|hu|szarvasborjú}} * {{l|hu|üszőborjú}} * {{l|hu|víziborjú}} {{bottom}} ===={{idiom}}==== * {{l|hu|ki fia-borja|ki fia-borja?}} * {{l|hu|néz, mint borjú az új kapura}} ===参考文献=== * {{R:ErtSz}} * {{R:Nagyszotar}} [[Category:{{hu}}_幼生]] bsgccue3c5f9mo22eefnumd3djgurq6 0 571427 2278332 2191542 2026-06-02T08:10:26Z NekoyamaWataru 87354 /* {{hu}} */ 語句の修正 2278332 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DEFAULTSORT:facan}} =={{hu}}== {{wikipedia|lang=hu}} ==={{pron}}=== * {{hu-IPA}} * {{hyph|hu|fá|cán}} ==={{etym}}=== {{bor|hu|it|-}}(特に北部方言より) < {{etyl|la|hu}} {{m|la|phāsiānus}} < {{etyl|grc|hu}} {{m|grc|φασιανός}} {{cog|it|fagiano}} ==={{noun}}=== {{hu-noun|ok}} # [[キジ]]科の鳥。[[Category:{{hu}}_雉]] ## [[コウライキジ]]、[[高麗雉]]、[[タイリクキジ]]、[[大陸雉]]。(学名 Phasianus colchicus) # [[雉肉]]。[[Category:{{hu}}_肉]] ===={{decl}}==== {{hu-infl-nom|fácáno|o|-}}{{hu-pos-otok|fácán|j|jai}} ===参考文献=== * {{R:ErtSz}} * {{R:Nagyszotar}} mssecpy3xys2zi8f1aay70hzxcd1tgb 0 571671 2278333 2192475 2026-06-02T08:10:28Z NekoyamaWataru 87354 /* {{hu}} */ 語句の修正 2278333 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{hu}}== {{wikipedia|lang=hu}} ==={{pron}}=== * {{hu-IPA}} * {{hyph|hu|ab|szo|lu|tiz|mus}} ==={{etym}}=== 主に{{etyl|de|hu}} {{m|de|Absolutismus|t=絶対主義}}からの国際語 < {{etyl|fr|hu}} {{m|fr|absolutisme|t=絶対主義}} < {{m|fr|absolu}} + 接尾辞 {{m|hu|-isme}} {{cog|en|absolutism}} ==={{noun}}=== {{hu-noun|ok}} # {{label|hu|politics}} [[絶対主義]]、[[絶対王政]]、[[専制]][[政治]]、[[独裁]]。 #: 君主が無制限の最高権力を行使する政治形態 #: {{syn|hu|önkényuralom}} ===={{decl}}==== {{hu-infl-nom|abszolutizmuso|o|-}}{{hu-pos-otok|abszolutizmus||ai}} ===={{rel}}==== {{top3}} * {{l|hu|abszolút}} * {{l|hu|abszolutista}} * {{l|hu|abszolutizál}} {{bottom}} ===参考文献=== * {{R:ErtSz}} * {{R:Nagyszotar}} o8p14k53jys90xfqqcskdn7efow74ei 0 571673 2278334 2192477 2026-06-02T08:10:31Z NekoyamaWataru 87354 /* {{hu}} */ 語句の修正 2278334 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DEFAULTSORT:autonomia}} {{also|autonomia|autonomía|autonomią}} =={{hu}}== ==={{pron}}=== * {{hu-IPA}} * {{hyph|hu|au|to|nó|mia}} ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|grc|hu}} {{m|grc|αὐτονομία}} より ==={{noun}}=== {{hu-noun|pl=autonómiák}} # {{label|hu|politics|government}} [[自治]]、[[自治権]]、[[自治体]]。 #: {{syn|hu|önrendelkezés|önigazgatás|önállóság|függetlenség}} # {{label|hu|philosophy}} [[自律]]、[[実践理性]]。 #: 十分な情報に基づいて、強制されない決定を下す能力 ===={{decl}}==== {{hu-infl-nom|autonómiá|o}}{{hu-pos-tok|autonómiá}} ===={{rel}}==== * {{l|hu|autonóm}} ===参考文献=== * {{R:ErtSz}} * {{R:Nagyszotar}} 226rlnu9vfeswwg5ijf2ihsugrjab6l 0 571684 2278335 2192497 2026-06-02T08:10:33Z NekoyamaWataru 87354 /* {{hu}} */ 語句の修正 2278335 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DEFAULTSORT:centralizacio}} =={{hu}}== ==={{pron}}=== * {{hu-IPA}} * {{hyph|hu|cent|ra|li|zá|ció}} ==={{etym}}=== {{bor|hu|de|Zentralisation}} < {{etyl|fr|hu}} {{m|fr|centralisation}} ==={{noun}}=== {{hu-noun|k}} # {{label|hu|politics}} [[中央主権]]、[[中央集権化]]。 # {{label|hu|行政}} [[集中化]]、[[集約]]。 #: 管理または運営を一つの機関に集中させること # {{label|hu|経済学}} [[資本]]の[[集中]]、[[寡占化]]。 #: 多数の小規模資本が少数の大規模資本へ転換すること ===={{decl}}==== {{hu-infl-nom|centralizáció|o}}{{hu-pos-tok|centralizáció}} ===={{rel}}==== {{m|hu|centrum}} を参照 ===参考文献=== * {{R:ErtSz}} * {{R:Nagyszotar}} r2djvwf6at3d5d9cf7cx25av6uo8xn0 0 571685 2278336 2192498 2026-06-02T08:10:36Z NekoyamaWataru 87354 /* {{hu}} */ 語句の修正 2278336 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{hu}}== ==={{pron}}=== * {{hu-IPA}} * {{hyph|hu|cent|ra|liz|mus}} ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|de|hu}} {{m|de|Zentralismus}} より ==={{noun}}=== {{hu-noun|-|ok}} # [[中央集権主義]]、[[中央集権制]]。 # [[民主集中制]]。 #: 共産党一党支配体制の国で行われている、主権者である人民から選ばれた指導部に国家権力を集中する統治形態 ===={{decl}}==== {{hu-infl-nom|centralizmuso|o|-}}{{hu-pos-otok|centralizmus||ai}} ===={{rel}}==== {{m|hu|centrum}} を参照 ===参考文献=== * {{R:ErtSz}} * {{R:Nagyszotar}} j9jdfl43r2021svxux6xzjupfy94ert 0 571686 2278337 2192499 2026-06-02T08:10:39Z NekoyamaWataru 87354 /* {{hu}} */ 語句の修正 2278337 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DEFAULTSORT:centralis}} {{also|centralis}} =={{hu}}== ==={{pron}}=== * {{hu-IPA}} * {{hyph|hu|cent|rá|lis}} ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|la|hu}} {{m|la|centralis}} より ==={{adj}}=== {{hu-adj|-|abb}} # [[中心]]の、[[中央]]の、[[中心部]]の、[[都心]]の。 #: {{uxi|hu|'''centrális''' fekvés|'''中心部の'''立地}} # [[中核]]の、[[核心]]の。 ===={{decl}}==== {{hu-decl-ak|centráli|s|at|acc2=t}} ===={{drv}}==== * {{l|hu|centrálisan}} ===={{rel}}==== {{m|hu|centrum}} を参照 ===参考文献=== * {{R:ErtSz}} * {{R:Nagyszotar}} 2hpskw4294glnbsd2cu64wwje6h504g 0 571690 2278338 2192505 2026-06-02T08:10:42Z NekoyamaWataru 87354 /* {{hu}} */ 語句の修正 2278338 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{hu}}== ==={{pron}}=== * {{hu-IPA}} * {{hyph|hu|ex|cent|ri|kus}} ==={{etym}}=== {{bor|hu|de|exzentrisch}}({{m|de|Exzentriker}} からも) < {{etyl|fr|hu}} {{m|fr|excentrique}} ==={{adj}}=== {{hu-adj|abb}} # {{label|hu|人物}} [[常軌]]を[[逸する|逸した]]、[[風変わり]]な、[[予期]]せぬ[[行動]]をとる。 # [[中心]]が[[ことなる|異なる]]、[[離心]]の、[[偏心]]の。 ===={{decl}}==== {{hu-infl-nom|excentrikusa|o}} ===={{drv}}==== * {{l|hu|excentrikusan}} * {{l|hu|excentrikusság}} ===={{rel}}==== {{l|hu|centrum}} を参照 ==={{noun}}=== {{hu-noun|ok}} # [[変人]]、[[奇人]]。 ===={{decl}}==== {{hu-infl-nom|excentrikuso|o|-}}{{hu-pos-otok|excentrikus||ai}} ===参考文献=== * {{R:ErtSz}} * {{R:Nagyszotar}} 9wcqnv2ezmx6j728vp8htgbcdpg7n1i 0 571691 2278339 2192506 2026-06-02T08:10:46Z NekoyamaWataru 87354 /* {{hu}} */ 語句の修正 2278339 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DEFAULTSORT:koncentral}} =={{hu}}== ==={{pron}}=== * {{hu-IPA}} * {{hyph|hu|kon|cent|rál}} ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|de|hu}} {{m|de|konzentrieren}} < {{etyl|fr|hu}} {{m|fr|concentrer}} ==={{verb}}=== {{hu-verb}} # {{label|hu|ambitransitive}} [[集中]]する。 # {{label|hu|ambitransitive|chemistry|溶液など}} [[濃縮]]する。 ===={{conjug}}==== {{hu-conj-ok|koncentr|á|l|caus=tat}} ===={{drv}}==== {{top3}} * {{l|hu|koncentrálás}} * {{l|hu|koncentrálódik}} * {{l|hu|koncentrált}} {{bottom}} {{hu-verbpref|koncentrál|ide|oda|rá|túl|vissza}} ===={{rel}}==== * {{l|hu|dekoncentrált}} * {{l|hu|koncentráció}} ===参考文献=== * {{R:ErtSz}} eiyyopgwclth1ctmsx10dwvt0urwl5z 0 571695 2278340 2192510 2026-06-02T08:10:48Z NekoyamaWataru 87354 /* {{hu}} */ 語句の修正 2278340 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DEFAULTSORT:koncentratum}} =={{hu}}== ==={{pron}}=== * {{hu-IPA}} * {{hyph|hu|kon|cent|rá|tum}} ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|la|hu}} {{m|la|concentrātum||濃縮物，濃縮液}}より ==={{noun}}=== {{hu-noun|ok}} # {{label|hu|chemistry}} [[濃縮物]]、[[濃縮液]]。 ===={{decl}}==== {{hu-infl-nom|koncentrátumo|o}}{{hu-pos-otok|koncentrátum||ai}} cr5lf7ld01ptzqokc3tmb254c6je56w 0 571696 2278341 2192511 2026-06-02T08:10:52Z NekoyamaWataru 87354 /* {{hu}} */ 語句の修正 2278341 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{hu}}== ==={{pron}}=== * {{hu-IPA}} * {{hyph|hu|kon|cent|ri|kus}} ==={{etym}}=== {{bor|hu|de|konzentrisch}} < {{etyl|fr|hu}} {{m|fr|concentrique}} ==={{adj}}=== {{hu-adj|-}} # {{label|hu|geometry}} [[中心]]が[[おなじ|同じ]]の、[[同心]]の。 ===={{decl}}==== {{hu-infl-nom|koncentrikusa|o}} ===参考文献=== * {{R:ErtSz}} o3l1e3l5y41flej9ccy6947pog00lbt 0 571709 2278342 2192530 2026-06-02T08:10:54Z NekoyamaWataru 87354 /* {{hu}} */ 語句の修正 2278342 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|demokrāta|demokrātā}} =={{hu}}== ==={{pron}}=== * {{hu-IPA}} * {{audio|hu|Hu-demokrata.ogg}} * {{hyph|hu|de|mok|ra|ta}} ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|de|hu}} {{m|de|Demokrat}} より ==={{adj}}=== {{hu-adj|-}} # {{l|hu|demokratikus||民主的な、民主主義の}}の類義語。 # {{label|hu|1945年以前|often|pejorative}} [[庶民]]の、[[大衆]]の、[[一般大衆]]向きの。 #: 紳士的でなく上品でないさま ===={{decl}}==== {{hu-infl-nom|demokratá|o}} ===={{idiom}}==== * {{l|hu|szabad demokrata}} ===={{rel}}==== {{top4}} * {{l|hu|demokrácia}} * {{l|hu|demokratikus}} * {{l|hu|demokratizál}} * {{l|hu|demokratizmus}} {{bottom}} ===={{comp}}==== * {{l|hu|kereszténydemokrata}}<!-- it may be a calque of the German term, just like "szociáldemokrata", so it's probably related, not derived --> * {{l|hu|szociáldemokrata}} ==={{noun}}=== {{hu-noun|pl=demokraták}} # [[民主主義者]]、[[民主政治論者]]。 # [[民主党員]]。 ===={{decl}}==== {{hu-infl-nom|demokratá|o}}{{hu-pos-tok|demokratá}} ===参考文献=== * {{R:ErtSz}} * {{R:Nagyszotar}} etxmfi23l2hq1lk3fr96nj4i6xvrgbt 0 572024 2278254 2193110 2026-06-02T04:39:03Z 鍼灸 112313 2278254 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|しんぴしゅぎしゃ}} {{wikipedia}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{-主義者|神秘}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|しんぴしゅぎしゃ}} #[[神秘主義]]の[[立場]]をとりそれを[[主張]]する者。 ===={{trans}}==== {{trans-top}} *{{en}}: {{t|en|mystic}} *{{fr}}: {{t|fr|mystique|f}} {{trans-bottom}} 5xnziimot4nmcvximd6qwhntwteod0y 0 581299 2278540 2215916 2026-06-02T11:36:22Z Kuroco2k 84207 2278540 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|sk}}== ==={{pron}}=== *{{sk-IPA}} ==={{noun}}=== {{sk-noun|f|adj=fyzikálny}} #{{topcat|sk|物理学}} [[物理学]]。 ===={{decl}}==== {{sk-ndecl|f|n=sg}} ===={{rel}}==== {{col2|sk|fyzik|fyzička|fyzikálne|fyzický|fyzicky|fyzikár}} ===参考文献=== *{{R:sk:SDK}} =={{L|cs}}== ==={{alter}}=== *{{alt+|cs|fysika||古用}} ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|grc|cs}} {{m|grc|φυσικός}} < {{m|grc|φύσις}} ==={{pron}}=== *{{cs-IPA}} *{{rhymes|lang=cs|ɪka|s=3}} ==={{noun}}=== {{cs-noun|f}} #{{topcat|cs|物理学}} [[物理学]]。 #:{{syn|cs|silozpyt}} ===={{decl}}==== {{cs-ndecl|<f>}} ===={{rel}}==== {{col-top|2|rel}} *{{l|cs|astrofyzik}} *{{l|cs|astrofyzika}} *{{l|cs|astrofyzikální}} *{{l|cs|fyzický}} *{{l|cs|fyzička}} *{{l|cs|fyzik}} *{{l|cs|fyzikalismus}} *{{l|cs|fyzikalista}} *{{l|cs|fyzikalistický}} *{{l|cs|fyzikální}} *{{l|cs|fyzikář}} *{{l|cs|fyzio-}} *{{l|cs|fyziolog}} *{{l|cs|fyziologický}} *{{l|cs|fyziologie}} *{{l|cs|geofyzik}} *{{l|cs|geofyzika}} *{{l|cs|geofyzikální}} *{{l|cs|metafyzický}} *{{l|cs|metafyzik}} *{{l|cs|metafyzika}} {{col-bottom}} ===参考文献=== *{{R:cs:PSJC|fysika}} *{{R:cs:KNLA}} *{{R:cs:SSJC}} *{{R:cs:IJP}} 5nbu03e30b4ag80x2ddpr42aw5gqicj 0 587970 2278542 2276788 2026-06-02T11:36:23Z Kuroco2k 84207 2278542 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|Pandemie|pandémie|pandemię}} =={{L|it}}== ==={{pron}}=== {{it-pr|^ì,^è}} ==={{noun}}=== {{head|it|plural}} #{{plural of|it|pandemia}} =={{L|nl}}== ==={{etym}}=== 最終的には{{etyl|LL.|nl}} {{m|LL.|pandemus}} < {{etyl|grc|nl}} {{m|grc|πάν}} + {{m|grc|δῆμος}} ==={{pron}}=== *{{IPA|lang=nl|/ˌpɑn.deːˈmi/}} *{{音声|nl|Nl-pandemie.ogg}} *{{hyph|nl|pan|de|mie}} *{{rhymes|lang=nl|i}} ==={{noun}}=== {{nl-noun|g=f|pl=pandemieën|pl2=pandemies|dim=pandemietje}} #{{タグ|nl|病気|病理学}} [[感染症]]。{{defdate|19世紀半ば～}} ===={{drv}}==== *{{l|nl|pandemisch}} ===={{desc}}==== *{{desc|id|bor=1|pandemi}} =={{L|cs}}== ==={{pron}}=== *{{cs-IPA}} *{{hyph|cs|pan|de|mie}} ==={{noun}}=== {{cs-noun|f}} #{{タグ|cs|病気|病理学}} [[感染症]]。 ===={{decl}}==== {{cs-ndecl|<f>}} ===={{seealso}}==== *{{l|cs|epidemie}} =={{L|pl}}== ==={{pron}}=== {{pl-pr|a=LL-Q809 (pol)-Olaf-pandemie.wav}} ==={{noun}}=== {{head|pl|noun form}} #{{noun form of|pl|pandemia||nom//acc//voc|p}} =={{L|ro}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{bor|ro|fr|pandémie}} ==={{pron}}=== *{{音声|ro|LL-Q7913 (ron)-KlaudiuMihaila-pandemie.wav}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ro-noun|f|pandemii}} #{{タグ|ro|病気|病理学}} [[感染症]]。 ===={{decl}}==== {{ro-noun-f-ie|pandemi}} 3kc3memmj1ojl0in1wq257v7wstvgec 0 588301 2278529 2277727 2026-06-02T11:27:02Z ~2026-32767-11 131767 /* 意義 */ 2278529 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢字== {{kanji|广|4}} {{kanji variants|斥|摩}} ===意義=== #「[[斥]]」の[[同字]]（『漢字海』掲載）。 #「[[摩]]」の[[二簡字]]。 =={{コード}}== {{文字コード|gb=9935C735}} {{検字|蒼頡=IQ,XXIQ}} {{字典|漢字海=32138}} g20oijktsp592r349nz1bc5fke5xfo4 0 588460 2278162 2026-06-01T11:59:10Z Daxidawiki 126582 ページの作成:「=={{L|ja}}== {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|かきて}}　 ==={{wago}}=== {{ja-wagokanji|かきて}} #{{wagokanji of|かきて}}」 2278162 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|ja}}== {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|かきて}}　 ==={{wago}}=== {{ja-wagokanji|かきて}} #{{wagokanji of|かきて}} t2p1vr1d5ddi0cp02ka1osqdjht6uu7 2278163 2278162 2026-06-01T12:00:31Z Daxidawiki 126582 2278163 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|ja}}== {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|かきて}} ==={{wago}}=== {{ja-wagokanji|かきて}} #{{wagokanji of|かきて}} jn6liferdbd9d0vmfz1mq9d0wmw0u7m 0 588461 2278164 2026-06-01T12:01:38Z Daxidawiki 126582 ページの作成:「=={{L|ja}}== {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|よみて}} ==={{wago}}=== {{ja-wagokanji|よみて}} #{{wagokanji of|よみて}}」 2278164 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|ja}}== {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|よみて}} ==={{wago}}=== {{ja-wagokanji|よみて}} #{{wagokanji of|よみて}} hm5rcu2ts7rck603p85fjm5wy1ru5wb 0 588462 2278171 2026-06-01T12:23:32Z うーむ 129171 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT|すうがく}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun-suru|[[すうがく]]}} #[[就学]]すること。 ==={{verb}}=== {{ja-verb-suru|すうがく}} {{日本語サ変活用}}」 2278171 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|すうがく}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun-suru|[[すうがく]]}} #[[就学]]すること。 ==={{verb}}=== {{ja-verb-suru|すうがく}} {{日本語サ変活用}} ghl429zwxaovrckdsol11194xungpn9 0 588463 2278179 2026-06-01T12:29:07Z うーむ 129171 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|すうがく}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana}} *【[[崇閣]]】:高閣。」 2278179 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|すうがく}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana}} *【[[崇閣]]】:高閣。 o5wghjst9loh24yxzwkugopfflnxzy5 0 588464 2278180 2026-06-01T12:29:44Z うーむ 129171 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT|すうかく}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[すうかく]]}} #[[高閣]]。」 2278180 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|すうかく}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[すうかく]]}} #[[高閣]]。 rahzj2gsvv8xfzzthux133pbrpwsb6k 0 588465 2278185 2026-06-01T12:44:45Z うーむ 129171 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT|いちじつ}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[いちじつ]]}} #[[絶対]][[唯一]]の[[真実]]。[[真如]]。 #円乗、[[一乗]]の教え。 [[カテゴリ:日本語 仏教]]」 2278185 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|いちじつ}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[いちじつ]]}} #[[絶対]][[唯一]]の[[真実]]。[[真如]]。 #円乗、[[一乗]]の教え。 [[カテゴリ:日本語 仏教]] g47z4ybq7g2x6fnl7lb17pwanbn51cw 0 588466 2278187 2026-06-01T12:46:43Z うーむ 129171 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana|h=y}} *【[[一日]]】:いちにち。 *【[[一実]]】:真如。」 2278187 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana|h=y}} *【[[一日]]】:いちにち。 *【[[一実]]】:真如。 qlkal39znc6ahvn8nyg46yoyti0z9m9 0 588467 2278190 2026-06-01T13:41:17Z Shishinó Mígami 120892 アルメニア語「հաղթել (勝つ)」を追加しました。 2278190 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|hy}}== {{hy-IPA}} * {{audio|hy|Hy-հաղթել.ogg|a=Eastern Armenian}} *{{hyphenation|հաղ|թել}} ==={{verb}}=== {{head|hy|verb}} #[[勝つ]]、[[勝利]]する。 #*Մրցումներում հաղթել։ #*:大会で勝つ。 #*Պատերազմում հաղթել։ #*:戦争で勝利する。 {{hy-conj-ել|mp=on}} mmf8u95en46ne8por43n525oo2ffne9 0 588468 2278198 2026-06-01T14:28:34Z 鍼灸 112313 ページの作成:「=={{L|en}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{bor|en|fr|mystique}} < {{der|en|la|mysticus}} ==={{noun}}=== {{en-noun|-|s}} #[[神秘性]]、神秘的雰囲気。 =={{L|fr}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{bor|fr|la|mysticus}} ==={{noun}}=== {{fr-noun|f}} #[[神秘主義者]] ==={{adj}}=== {{fr-adj}} #[[神秘的]]な」 2278198 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|en}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{bor|en|fr|mystique}} < {{der|en|la|mysticus}} ==={{noun}}=== {{en-noun|-|s}} #[[神秘性]]、神秘的雰囲気。 =={{L|fr}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{bor|fr|la|mysticus}} ==={{noun}}=== {{fr-noun|f}} #[[神秘主義者]] ==={{adj}}=== {{fr-adj}} #[[神秘的]]な 21mc34dj91w2rf3eqrp4jsd2j2f2yyt 2278199 2278198 2026-06-01T14:30:36Z 鍼灸 112313 2278199 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|en}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{bor|en|fr|mystique}} < {{der|en|la|mysticus}} ==={{noun}}=== {{en-noun|-|s}} #[[神秘性]]、神秘的雰囲気。 =={{L|fr}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{bor|fr|la|mysticus}} ==={{noun}}=== {{fr-noun|f}} #[[神秘主義者]] ==={{adj}}=== {{fr-adj-mf}} #[[神秘的]]な q6cs00vo5018lstqfuv3q3gi0uu2qzd 0 588469 2278215 2026-06-01T18:50:37Z ~2026-32643-42 131751 ポーランド語"macica"の日本語ページの追加 2278215 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|pl}}== {{wikipedia|lang=pl}} ==={{pron}}=== * {{pl-pr|a=Pl-macica.ogg}} ===名詞=== {{head|pl|noun|g=f}} #{{context|解剖学|lang=pl}}[[子宮]]。 ====格変化==== {{pl-decl-noun-f}} =====派生語===== 形容詞： * {{l|pl|maciczny}} ====関連語==== 名詞： * {{l|pl|macica perłowa}} ss4yzrzwhat2ptg2cniqtp8tushrrzy 0 588470 2278223 2026-06-01T19:36:04Z Jhs075 131752 "aanraken"の日本語ページの追加 2278223 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|nl}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{affix|nl|aan|raken}} ==={{pron}}=== * {{IPA|/ˈaːnraːkə(n)/}} * {{音声|nl|Nl-aanraken.ogg}} * {{hyphenation|aan|ra|ken}} ==={{verb}}=== {{head|nld|verb}} #{{おくりがな2|触|さわ|る|さわる}}、{{おくりがな2|触|ふ|れる|ふれる}}。 ===={{conjug}}==== {{nl-conj-wk|sep=aan|raak|rake}} ===={{drv}}==== * [[aanraakbaar]] * [[aanraakscherm]] * [[aanraking]] 9omiohvyor09uibtf2bsauauqh7pk34 2278224 2278223 2026-06-01T19:46:59Z Jhs075 131752 /* {{L|nl}} */ 2278224 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|nl}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{affix|nl|aan|raken}} ==={{pron}}=== * {{IPA|/ˈaːnraːkə(n)/}} * {{音声|nl|Nl-aanraken.ogg}} * {{hyphenation|aan|ra|ken}} ==={{verb}}=== {{head|nld|verb|}} #{{context|他動詞|lang=nl}}{{おくりがな2|触|さわ|る|さわる}}、{{おくりがな2|触|ふ|れる|ふれる}}。 ===={{conjug}}==== {{nl-conj-wk|sep=aan|raak|rake}} ===={{drv}}==== * [[aanraakbaar]] * [[aanraakscherm]] * [[aanraking]] pyo4iu3d1rxgoecpvvucfhw8a14wlq2 0 588471 2278225 2026-06-01T20:18:30Z Jhs075 131752 en:Harnröhreより。 2278225 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|de}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{compound|Harn|Röhre}} ==={{pron}}=== * {{IPA|/ˈhaʁnˌʁøːʁə/}} * {{audio|de|De-Harnröhre.ogg}} ==={{noun}}=== {{de-noun|g=f||Harnröhren}} # {{lb|de|解剖学}} [[尿道]]。 {{de-decl-noun-f|Harnröhre|Harnröhren}} ===={{drv}}==== * {{l|de|Harnröhrenöffnung}} cltfqz2yg0mew28a2dmpq8if9c3ei50 0 588472 2278228 2026-06-01T22:41:07Z うーむ 129171 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{bor|ja|en|peat}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun}} #[[泥炭]]。」 2278228 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{bor|ja|en|peat}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun}} #[[泥炭]]。 te1wt4z0xbdf5c0iw490wxxs17uw9no 2278229 2278228 2026-06-01T22:42:20Z うーむ 129171 2278229 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|ヒート|ビート}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{bor|ja|en|peat}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun}} #[[泥炭]]。 lr9dj89t1h23he57rjokb7r7ocm3ooc 0 588473 2278237 2026-06-02T02:20:54Z NekoyamaWataru 87354 /* 新規作成 */ [[en:tonkotsu]]を参考に追加 2278237 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{en}}== ==={{etym}}1=== {{bor|en|ja|豚骨}} ===={{pron}}==== * {{IPA|lang=en|/tɒŋˈkɒtsuː/|a=UK}} * {{IPA|lang=en|/tɑŋˈkɑtsu/|/tɔŋˈkɑtsu/|a=US}} ===={{noun}}==== {{wikipedia|lang=en}} {{en-noun|-}} # [[豚骨]][[スープ]]。[[Category:{{en}}_料理]] #: 一般的にラーメンに使われるもの ==={{etym}}2=== {{bor|en|ja|とんこつ煙草入れ}}および省略 ===={{noun}}==== {{en-noun|pl=tonkotsu}} # [[とんこつ煙草入れ]]、[[とんこつ]]。 #: 木・金属・獣の角などの硬い素材で作られた携帯用の煙草入れ pqx9iqfvbw558pinwpxmq8amlzygouj 11 588474 2278238 2026-06-02T03:35:39Z Kuroco2k 84207 /* 一括botで置き替えませんか? */ 新しい節 2278238 wikitext text/x-wiki == 一括botで置き替えませんか? == [[Wiktionary:編集室/2026年Q1#漢字表記語の仮名表記について|先の議論]]で上がった通りこのテンプレートは非推奨（の後、廃止）で結論づいたわけですが、[[特別:使用箇所の多いテンプレート|ざっくり既存同音異義項目の5分の1]]くらいで使用されているあたり、新規参入者に誤って用いられる可能性がなくはありません。かと言って置き換えようにも、今の手動ロースピードだと何十年かかるかわかったもんじゃありません。botでさっさと置き換えてはどうでしょうか。 具体的には、<nowiki>{{ja-hom}}、{{ja-homonym}}</nowiki>→<nowiki>{{ja-kangokana|h=y}}</nowiki>という具合です。引数がないのでこれで全部拾えるはずです。--[[利用者:Kuroco2k|<span style="color:#000000">'''雛宮黒狐'''</span>]]（[[利用者‐会話:Kuroco2k|<span style="color:#5a00cc">Talk</span>]]） 2026年6月2日 (火) 03:35 (UTC) nzfror2iahs35jlb5i425viqg1lpd6t 0 588475 2278304 2026-06-02T06:55:31Z 鍼灸 112313 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|しょかん|しょがん|じょかん}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana}} *【[[女玩]]】女児向けの玩具。」 2278304 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|しょかん|しょがん|じょかん}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana}} *【[[女玩]]】女児向けの玩具。 3kms8b6x9mzvzp3eowwshe9bpifaw9v 0 588477 2278351 2026-06-02T08:35:42Z 鍼灸 112313 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun}} #{{タグ|ja|俗語}}一対一で行う[[喧嘩]]。 #一対一での交渉や勝負。[[一騎打ち]]。 ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana}} *【[[怠慢]], [[怠嫚]]】：怠ること。 *【[[太満]]】：甚だ傲慢。」 2278351 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun}} #{{タグ|ja|俗語}}一対一で行う[[喧嘩]]。 #一対一での交渉や勝負。[[一騎打ち]]。 ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana}} *【[[怠慢]], [[怠嫚]]】：怠ること。 *【[[太満]]】：甚だ傲慢。 rgoh5ssndjopr85tbfg9dmjem0qiw1p 2278356 2278351 2026-06-02T08:39:07Z 鍼灸 112313 2278356 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|タイマン}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana}} *【[[怠慢]], [[怠嫚]]】：怠ること。 *【[[太満]]】：甚だ傲慢。 rzxjp44be5tmpnr4spdt1y87h2ah4vc 2278364 2278356 2026-06-02T08:43:38Z 鍼灸 112313 2278364 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|タイマン}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana}} *【[[怠慢]], [[怠嫚]]】：怠ること。 *【[[太満]]】：甚だ傲慢。 *【[[大満]]】：傲る。 g60hi70dl1tiqsikilp5ir99q9kpzqq 2278366 2278364 2026-06-02T08:44:10Z 鍼灸 112313 2278366 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|タイマン}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana|h=y}} *【[[怠慢]], [[怠嫚]]】：怠ること。 *【[[太満]]】：甚だ傲慢。 *【[[大満]]】：傲る。 b4jlbv5bg1lxvxffsxuf4r3xkck28pb 0 588478 2278358 2026-06-02T08:41:23Z 鍼灸 112313 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|たいまん}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun}} #{{タグ|ja|俗語}}一対一で行う[[喧嘩]]。 #一対一の[[交渉]]や[[勝負]]。[[一騎打ち]]。」 2278358 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|たいまん}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun}} #{{タグ|ja|俗語}}一対一で行う[[喧嘩]]。 #一対一の[[交渉]]や[[勝負]]。[[一騎打ち]]。 8368mhgp95c9pb2f1k1va38qz05wwmb 2278361 2278358 2026-06-02T08:41:52Z 鍼灸 112313 2278361 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|たいまん}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun}} #{{タグ|ja|俗語}}一対一で行う[[喧嘩]]。 #一対一での[[交渉]]や[[勝負]]。[[一騎打ち]]。 e156im3wyh7ayqqvs75fyk7fjbtnbcl 0 588479 2278372 2026-06-02T08:48:10Z ふゆくれ 95641 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT|けいちつ}} =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanjitab|けい|ちつ|yomi=kanon,kanyo}} ==={{pron}}=== {{ja-pron|けいちつ|acc=0|acc_ref=DJR,NHK,SMK5,NKD2}} *{{X-SAMPA|keits\itsM}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[けいちつ]]}} #{{context|暦|春|lang=ja}}'''[[啓蟄]]'''の異表記。 ===脚注=== {{Reflist}} =={{L|zh}}== {{中国の節気}} ==={{pron}}=== {{cmn-pron|jīngzhé|jīngzhí|s=jin1 zi4}} {{yue-pron|ging1 zik6,ging1 zat6}} {{hak-pron|kiâng-chh…」 2278372 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|けいちつ}} =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanjitab|けい|ちつ|yomi=kanon,kanyo}} ==={{pron}}=== {{ja-pron|けいちつ|acc=0|acc_ref=DJR,NHK,SMK5,NKD2}} *{{X-SAMPA|keits\itsM}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[けいちつ]]}} #{{context|暦|春|lang=ja}}'''[[啓蟄]]'''の異表記。 ===脚注=== {{Reflist}} =={{L|zh}}== {{中国の節気}} ==={{pron}}=== {{cmn-pron|jīngzhé|jīngzhí|s=jin1 zi4}} {{yue-pron|ging1 zik6,ging1 zat6}} {{hak-pron|kiâng-chhṳt|h=giangˋ chidˋ|gd=giang1 ced6}} {{mnp-pron|géng-tì}} {{cdo-pron|gĭng-dĭk}} {{nan-pron|xm:keng-ti̍p/qz:keng-tia̍k/xm,tp:kiⁿ-ti̍t/zz,kh:Keⁿ-ti̍t/zz:keⁿ-ta̍t|t=gêng1 dêg8}} {{cpx-pron|pt:^ging1 dih7/pt:ging1 *dih7/xy:ging1 *zih7}} {{wuu-pron|sh:1cin zeq}} {{gan-pron|jin1 'zet6}} {{cjy-pron|jing1 zah5}} {{hsn-pron|jin1 zhr6}} *{{ltc}}: kjaeng drip *{{och}}: **'''Baxter–Sagart''': /*kreŋ [d]rip/ **'''鄭張''': /*kreŋ dib/ ==={{noun}}=== {{zh-cat|jing1zhe4|noun|暦}} {{zhx-sic-cat|jin1zi4|noun|暦}} {{yue-cat|ging1jik6|noun|暦}} {{hak-cat|kiang1chhiit6|noun|暦}} {{mnp-cat|geng1ti7|noun|暦}} {{cdo-cat|ging1dik7|noun|暦}} {{nan-cat|keng1tip8|noun|暦}} {{nan-tws-cat|geng1deg8|noun|暦}} {{cpx-cat|ging1dih7|noun|暦}} {{wuu-cat|cin1zeh1|noun|暦}} {{gan-cat|jin1zet6|noun|暦}} {{cjy-cat|jing1zah5|noun|暦}} {{hsn-cat|jin1zhr6|noun|暦}} {{ltc-cat|kjaeng1drip1|noun|暦}} {{och-cat|krengdib|noun|暦}} {{zhchars|s=惊蛰}} #（日本語に同じ）啓蟄。 {{二十四節気/中国語繁体字}} ==={{desc}}=== {{CJKV||啓蟄|j=けいちつ|경칩|kinh trập}} =={{L|ko}}== {{ko-hanjatab}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ko-head|noun|경칩|cat2=暦}} #（日本語に同じ）啓蟄。 =={{L|vi}}== {{vi-hantutab}} ==={{noun}}=== {{vi-head|noun|kinh|trập|cat2=暦}} #（日本語に同じ）啓蟄。 fkk5kgwpkgqoawrea9caj8e6uz0qseq 0 588480 2278373 2026-06-02T08:48:13Z ふゆくれ 95641 ページの作成:「=={{L|zh}}== {{中国の節気}} ==={{pron}}=== {{cmn-pron|jīngzhé|s=jin1 zi4|z=n}} {{yue-pron|ging1 zik6,ging1 zat6|h=n}} {{hak-pron|kiâng-chhṳt|h=giangˋ chidˋ|gd=giang1 ced6}} {{mnp-pron|géng-tì}} {{cdo-pron|gĭng-dĭk}} {{nan-pron|xm:keng-ti̍p/qz:keng-tia̍k/xm:kiⁿ-ti̍t/zz:Keⁿ-ti̍t/zz:keⁿ-ta̍t|t=gêng1 dêg8}} {{cpx-pron|pt:^ging1 dih7/pt:ging1 *dih7/xy:ging1 *zih7}} {{wuu-pron|sh:1cin zeq}} {{gan-pron|jin1 'zet6}} {{cjy-pron|jing1 zah5}} {{hsn…」 2278373 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|zh}}== {{中国の節気}} ==={{pron}}=== {{cmn-pron|jīngzhé|s=jin1 zi4|z=n}} {{yue-pron|ging1 zik6,ging1 zat6|h=n}} {{hak-pron|kiâng-chhṳt|h=giangˋ chidˋ|gd=giang1 ced6}} {{mnp-pron|géng-tì}} {{cdo-pron|gĭng-dĭk}} {{nan-pron|xm:keng-ti̍p/qz:keng-tia̍k/xm:kiⁿ-ti̍t/zz:Keⁿ-ti̍t/zz:keⁿ-ta̍t|t=gêng1 dêg8}} {{cpx-pron|pt:^ging1 dih7/pt:ging1 *dih7/xy:ging1 *zih7}} {{wuu-pron|sh:1cin zeq}} {{gan-pron|jin1 'zet6}} {{cjy-pron|jing1 zah5}} {{hsn-pron|jin1 zhr6}} ==={{noun}}=== {{zh-cat|jing1zhe4|noun|暦}} {{zhx-sic-cat|jin1zi4|noun|暦}} {{yue-cat|ging1jik6|noun|暦}} {{hak-cat|kiang1chhiit6|noun|暦}} {{mnp-cat|geng1ti7|noun|暦}} {{cdo-cat|ging1dik7|noun|暦}} {{nan-cat|keng1tip8|noun|暦}} {{nan-tws-cat|geng1deg8|noun|暦}} {{cpx-cat|ging1dih7|noun|暦}} {{wuu-cat|cin1zeh1|noun|暦}} {{gan-cat|jin1zet6|noun|暦}} {{cjy-cat|jing1zah5|noun|暦}} {{hsn-cat|jin1zhr6|noun|暦}} {{zhchars|t=驚蟄}} #[[啓蟄]]。 {{二十四節気/中国語簡体字}} s4uo32lqwf94ztt8q44499tv7fu123p 0 588481 2278374 2026-06-02T08:48:15Z ふゆくれ 95641 ページの作成:「=={{L|ko}}== ==={{pron}}=== {{ko-IPA}} ==={{noun}}=== {{head|ko|noun}} {{ko-h|驚|蟄}} #{{context|暦|lang=ko}}[[啓蟄]]。 ===={{seealso}}==== *{{ko-l|이십사절기|二十四節氣}}」 2278374 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|ko}}== ==={{pron}}=== {{ko-IPA}} ==={{noun}}=== {{head|ko|noun}} {{ko-h|驚|蟄}} #{{context|暦|lang=ko}}[[啓蟄]]。 ===={{seealso}}==== *{{ko-l|이십사절기|二十四節氣}} 7hymyzg7ifynhs89h8x2ch4pgizutx9 0 588482 2278375 2026-06-02T08:48:17Z ふゆくれ 95641 ページの作成:「{{vi-DEFAULTSORT|kinh|trập}} =={{L|vi}}== ==={{pron}}=== {{vi-pron}} ==={{noun}}=== {{head|vi|noun}}{{vi-h|驚|蟄}} #{{context|暦|lang=vi}}[[啓蟄]]。 ===={{seealso}}==== *{{vi-l|hai mươi tư tiết khí|𠄩𨒒四節氣}}」 2278375 wikitext text/x-wiki {{vi-DEFAULTSORT|kinh|trập}} =={{L|vi}}== ==={{pron}}=== {{vi-pron}} ==={{noun}}=== {{head|vi|noun}}{{vi-h|驚|蟄}} #{{context|暦|lang=vi}}[[啓蟄]]。 ===={{seealso}}==== *{{vi-l|hai mươi tư tiết khí|𠄩𨒒四節氣}} 8oio2h1ftstulp2qqzzgqpb4m1998i1 0 588483 2278377 2026-06-02T08:48:19Z ふゆくれ 95641 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana}} {{ja-k|啓蟄|驚蟄|t=冬籠りしていた虫が地中から這い出ること。また、その虫。蟄虫。|t2= 二十四節気の三番目。|t3=世に認められること。|hom=y}} {{ja-k|経膣|t=膣を経ること。}} {{ja-k|京秩|t=京官。}}」 2278377 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana}} {{ja-k|啓蟄|驚蟄|t=冬籠りしていた虫が地中から這い出ること。また、その虫。蟄虫。|t2= 二十四節気の三番目。|t3=世に認められること。|hom=y}} {{ja-k|経膣|t=膣を経ること。}} {{ja-k|京秩|t=京官。}} kb0tkq3m23fexxw8bxk94n4nwdw5yum 14 588484 2278378 2026-06-02T08:48:55Z M-30722 1202 新規作成 2278378 wikitext text/x-wiki <div class="pathnavbox"> * {{Pathnav|カテゴリ|言語|{{ojp}}|{{ojp}}_動物|disp4=動物|{{ojp}}_無脊椎動物|disp5=無脊椎動物|last=棘皮動物}} * {{Pathnav|カテゴリ|分野|動物|無脊椎動物|棘皮動物|last={{ojp}}}} </div> {{catmore}} [[カテゴリ:{{ojp}}_無脊椎動物|*きよくひとうふつ]] [[カテゴリ:棘皮動物|こてんにほんこ]] 58fiuvtzf5f6p0n4v1berwok92667ow 0 588485 2278385 2026-06-02T09:23:43Z ふゆくれ 95641 ページの作成:「=={{L|ko}}== ==={{pron}}=== {{ko-IPA}} ==={{noun}}=== {{head|ko|noun}} {{ko-h|春|分}} #{{context|暦|lang=ko}}[[春分]]。 ===={{seealso}}==== *{{ko-l|이십사절기|二十四節氣}}」 2278385 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|ko}}== ==={{pron}}=== {{ko-IPA}} ==={{noun}}=== {{head|ko|noun}} {{ko-h|春|分}} #{{context|暦|lang=ko}}[[春分]]。 ===={{seealso}}==== *{{ko-l|이십사절기|二十四節氣}} fcxb9k00lud52ufly9hxcjd8c3jqn3z 0 588486 2278386 2026-06-02T09:23:46Z ふゆくれ 95641 ページの作成:「{{vi-DEFAULTSORT|xuân|phân}} =={{L|vi}}== ==={{pron}}=== {{vi-pron}} ==={{noun}}=== {{head|vi|noun}}{{vi-h|春|分}} #{{context|暦|lang=vi}}[[春分]]。 ===={{seealso}}==== *{{vi-l|hai mươi tư tiết khí|𠄩𨒒四節氣}}」 2278386 wikitext text/x-wiki {{vi-DEFAULTSORT|xuân|phân}} =={{L|vi}}== ==={{pron}}=== {{vi-pron}} ==={{noun}}=== {{head|vi|noun}}{{vi-h|春|分}} #{{context|暦|lang=vi}}[[春分]]。 ===={{seealso}}==== *{{vi-l|hai mươi tư tiết khí|𠄩𨒒四節氣}} 60s7vttymf4jtwrv34qcit4ff93jgjk 0 588487 2278387 2026-06-02T09:23:51Z ふゆくれ 95641 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|じゅんぶん}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana}} {{ja-k|春分|t=太陽が春分点を通過する瞬間。|t2=二十四節気の四番目。|hom=y}} {{ja-k|濬文|t=文雅。}}」 2278387 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|じゅんぶん}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana}} {{ja-k|春分|t=太陽が春分点を通過する瞬間。|t2=二十四節気の四番目。|hom=y}} {{ja-k|濬文|t=文雅。}} h6f8zl5v72oa634y6x2o4pnxfrix98e 2278576 2278387 2026-06-02T11:55:53Z うーむ 129171 /* 日本語 */ 2278576 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|じゅんぶん}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana}} {{ja-k|春分|t=太陽が春分点を通過する瞬間。|t2=二十四節気の四番目。|hom=y}} {{ja-k|濬文|t=[[文雅]]。}} 8uby1alejiz3vs9ysqqqkmh3s5esdod 0 588488 2278388 2026-06-02T09:23:54Z ふゆくれ 95641 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|しゅんぶん}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana}} {{ja-k|純分|t=不純物を除いた正味の分量。|hom=y}} {{ja-k|循分|t=安分。}}」 2278388 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|しゅんぶん}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana}} {{ja-k|純分|t=不純物を除いた正味の分量。|hom=y}} {{ja-k|循分|t=安分。}} eeueajn8zq0tfdia9y1gfr7yl6uk8es 0 588489 2278389 2026-06-02T09:28:20Z Kuroco2k 84207 新規作成 2278389 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|ang}}== ==={{pron}}=== *{{ang-IPA|buteran}} ==={{noun}}=== {{head|ang|noun form}} #{{noun form of|ang|butere||nom|pl|;|acc|s//p|;|gen//dat|sg}} ljf0pe3dnan7o8iaz17hy27maawequv 0 588490 2278390 2026-06-02T09:28:20Z Kuroco2k 84207 新規作成 2278390 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|ang}}== ==={{pron}}=== *{{ang-IPA|buterum}} ==={{noun}}=== {{head|ang|noun form}} #{{noun form of|ang|butere||dat|p}} oyoh8fyu1r0tk1580j1tf24aj88dwdf 0 588491 2278392 2026-06-02T09:28:21Z Kuroco2k 84207 新規作成 2278392 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|ang}}== ==={{pron}}=== *{{ang-IPA|buterena}} ==={{noun}}=== {{head|ang|noun form}} #{{noun form of|ang|butere||gen|p}} mjpeqo1phl60hxl9w9kq5ewvoc4lj6p 0 588492 2278396 2026-06-02T09:39:23Z Kuroco2k 84207 [[:en:второе лицо]] 2278396 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|ru}}== ==={{pron}}=== *{{ru-IPA|второ́е лицо́|pos=a}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ru-noun+|[[второй|второ́е]]|+|_|d|[[лицо|лицо́]]}} #{{context|grammar|lang=ru}} 第[[二人称]]。 #{{q|最高権力者の}} [[助手]]。 #{{context|politics|lang=ru}} [[首相]]。 ===={{decl}}==== {{ru-noun-table|[[второй|второ́е]]|+|_|d|[[лицо|лицо́]]}} ===={{rel}}==== *{{l|ru|пе́рвое лицо́}} *{{l|ru|тре́тье лицо́}} qlvgumk5jz12doa0ce4lqg187au7x5c 0 588493 2278397 2026-06-02T09:39:23Z Kuroco2k 84207 [[:en:первое лицо]] 2278397 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|ru}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{affix|ru|первый|лицо}} ==={{pron}}=== *{{ru-IPA|пе́рвое лицо́|pos=a}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ru-noun+|[[первый|пе́рвое]]|+|_|d|[[лицо|лицо́]]}} #{{context|grammar|lang=ru}} 第[[一人称]]。 #{{q|機関の}} [[長]]。 ===={{decl}}==== {{ru-noun-table|[[первый|пе́рвое]]|+|_|d|[[лицо|лицо́]]}} ===={{rel}}==== *{{l|ru|второ́е лицо́}} *{{l|ru|тре́тье лицо́}} bih4fkp9o93q87iz4q7bnqox5juyjie 0 588494 2278398 2026-06-02T09:39:24Z Kuroco2k 84207 [[:en:третье лицо]] 2278398 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|ru}}== ==={{pron}}=== *{{ru-IPA|тре́тье лицо́|pos=a}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ru-noun+|[[третий|тре́тье]]|+|_|d|[[лицо|лицо́]]}} #{{context|grammar|lang=ru}} 第[[三人称]]。 #{{context|legal|lang=ru}} [[第三者]]。 ===={{decl}}==== {{ru-noun-table|[[третий|тре́тье]]|+|_|d|[[лицо|лицо́]]}} ===={{rel}}==== *{{l|ru|пе́рвое лицо́}} *{{l|ru|второ́е лицо́}} f2kt24u0w5xbsh4yeu2ltkxxfp9lid9 0 588495 2278404 2026-06-02T09:44:26Z Kuroco2k 84207 新規作成 2278404 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|ru}}== ==={{pron}}=== *{{ru-IPA|тре́тьими ли́цами}} ==={{noun}}=== {{head|ru|noun form|head=тре́тьими ли́цами|g=n-in-p}} #{{noun form of|ru|тре́тье лицо́||造格|p}} p9r4hohvbavwrn3dfsyo9zmx3h23zz6 0 588496 2278403 2026-06-02T09:44:26Z Kuroco2k 84207 新規作成 2278403 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|ru}}== ==={{pron}}=== *{{ru-IPA|тре́тьих ли́цах}} ==={{noun}}=== {{head|ru|noun form|head=тре́тьих ли́цах|g=n-in-p}} #{{noun form of|ru|тре́тье лицо́||pre|p}} jgar17d63tggygizj72n3ag3x1eqw97 0 588497 2278405 2026-06-02T09:44:26Z Kuroco2k 84207 新規作成 2278405 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|ru}}== ==={{pron}}=== *{{ru-IPA|тре́тьим ли́цам}} ==={{noun}}=== {{head|ru|noun form|head=тре́тьим ли́цам|g=n-in-p}} #{{noun form of|ru|тре́тье лицо́||dat|p}} 3nqdxrlgjzisef1ccyiq31vgeodun3k 0 588498 2278406 2026-06-02T09:44:26Z Kuroco2k 84207 新規作成 2278406 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|ru}}== ==={{pron}}=== *{{ru-IPA|тре́тьих ли́ц}} ==={{noun}}=== {{head|ru|noun form|head=тре́тьих ли́ц|g=n-in-p}} #{{noun form of|ru|тре́тье лицо́||gen|p}} ls33q13rdvl6u7f81ofq81a5j9v6el3 0 588499 2278407 2026-06-02T09:44:27Z Kuroco2k 84207 新規作成 2278407 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|ru}}== ==={{pron}}=== *{{ru-IPA|тре́тьи ли́ца}} ==={{noun}}=== {{head|ru|noun form|head=тре́тьи ли́ца|g=n-in-p}} #{{noun form of|ru|тре́тье лицо́||nom//acc|p}} axyd8yumpm23o4q3vwhofroknucdaia 0 588500 2278408 2026-06-02T09:44:27Z Kuroco2k 84207 新規作成 2278408 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|ru}}== ==={{pron}}=== *{{ru-IPA|тре́тьем лице́}} ==={{noun}}=== {{head|ru|noun form|head=тре́тьем лице́|g=n-in}} #{{noun form of|ru|тре́тье лицо́||pre|s}} 85rclm2j86dy9m295lj4gn00ya9bjqc 0 588501 2278409 2026-06-02T09:44:27Z Kuroco2k 84207 新規作成 2278409 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|ru}}== ==={{pron}}=== *{{ru-IPA|тре́тьим лицо́м}} ==={{noun}}=== {{head|ru|noun form|head=тре́тьим лицо́м|g=n-in}} #{{noun form of|ru|тре́тье лицо́||造格|s}} irnvzxaids70fvnanmdx9th6ak3onc5 0 588502 2278410 2026-06-02T09:44:27Z Kuroco2k 84207 新規作成 2278410 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|ru}}== ==={{pron}}=== *{{ru-IPA|тре́тьему лицу́}} ==={{noun}}=== {{head|ru|noun form|head=тре́тьему лицу́|g=n-in}} #{{noun form of|ru|тре́тье лицо́||dat|s}} 2j0ghiubvtokm5zpxih9pcfnvblc3ym 0 588503 2278411 2026-06-02T09:44:28Z Kuroco2k 84207 新規作成 2278411 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|ru}}== ==={{pron}}=== *{{ru-IPA|тре́тьего лица́}} ==={{noun}}=== {{head|ru|noun form|head=тре́тьего лица́|g=n-in}} #{{noun form of|ru|тре́тье лицо́||gen|s}} c1brseiuv2283xaznubz5u0esu7d6ay 0 588504 2278412 2026-06-02T09:44:29Z M-30722 1202 [[en:hewr]]より 2278412 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|zza}}== ==={{alter}}=== * [[hor]] ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|ira-pro|zza}} {{m|ira-pro|*abráh}} < {{etyl|iir-pro|zza}} {{m|iir-pro|*abʰrás}} < {{etyl|ine-pro|zza}} {{m|ine-pro|*n̥bʰrós}} ==={{pron}}=== * {{IPA|lang=zza|[ˈhɛwɾ]}} * {{hyphenation|hewr}} ==={{noun}}=== {{zza-noun|g=m}} #{{topcat|zza|雲}}{{ふりがな|雲|くも}}。 swq0yubcpn7vh7k2b3f0e2zd3ibu184 0 588505 2278414 2026-06-02T09:47:47Z ふゆくれ 95641 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|せいめい}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana}} {{ja-k|喘鳴|t=呼吸器疾患の患者が呼吸時に発する雑音。気管支壁が攣縮していることによって発生する振動による。}}」 2278414 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|せいめい}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana}} {{ja-k|喘鳴|t=呼吸器疾患の患者が呼吸時に発する雑音。気管支壁が攣縮していることによって発生する振動による。}} h4cpr2q16cnhiwg12t0g3xipxaf3adn 0 588506 2278419 2026-06-02T09:52:53Z ふゆくれ 95641 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT|せいめい}} =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanjitab|せい|めい|yomi=o}} ==={{pron}}=== {{ja-pron|せいめい}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[せいめい]]}} #{{ふりがな|空|そら}}が{{おくりがな2|晴|は|れ|はれる}}て{{おくりがな3|澄|す|み|渡|わた|る|すみわたる}}こと。 #{{おくりがな2|清|きよ|らか|きよらか}}で{{おくりがな2|明|あか|るい|あかるい}}こと。[[清明]]。[[霽明]]。 ==={{adject…」 2278419 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|せいめい}} =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanjitab|せい|めい|yomi=o}} ==={{pron}}=== {{ja-pron|せいめい}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[せいめい]]}} #{{ふりがな|空|そら}}が{{おくりがな2|晴|は|れ|はれる}}て{{おくりがな3|澄|す|み|渡|わた|る|すみわたる}}こと。 #{{おくりがな2|清|きよ|らか|きよらか}}で{{おくりがな2|明|あか|るい|あかるい}}こと。[[清明]]。[[霽明]]。 ==={{adjectivenoun}}=== {{ja-adjectival noun|せいめい}} {{日本語ダ活用}} ijzrd1w4mim9euzab680lagzhcrf3ab 0 588507 2278420 2026-06-02T09:52:57Z ふゆくれ 95641 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT|せいめい}} =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanjitab|せい|めい|yomi=o}} ==={{pron}}=== {{ja-pron|せいめい}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[せいめい]]}} #{{おくりがな2|清|きよ|らか|きよらか}}で{{おくりがな2|明|あか|るい|あかるい}}こと。[[清明]]。[[晴明]]。 ==={{adjectivenoun}}=== {{ja-adjectival noun|せいめい}} {{日本語ダ活用}}」 2278420 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|せいめい}} =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanjitab|せい|めい|yomi=o}} ==={{pron}}=== {{ja-pron|せいめい}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[せいめい]]}} #{{おくりがな2|清|きよ|らか|きよらか}}で{{おくりがな2|明|あか|るい|あかるい}}こと。[[清明]]。[[晴明]]。 ==={{adjectivenoun}}=== {{ja-adjectival noun|せいめい}} {{日本語ダ活用}} 7ul3h65ap094g6y3jb5eieu353qls3c 100 588508 2278422 2026-06-02T09:59:13Z M-30722 1202 [[en:Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/abráh]]より 2278422 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DEFAULTSORT:abrah}} =={{L|ira-pro}}== ==={{alter}}=== * {{alter+|ira-pro|*abryáh}} ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|iir-pro|ira-pro}} {{m|iir-pro|*abʰrás}} < {{etyl|ine-pro|ira-pro}} {{m|ine-pro|*n̥bʰrós}} ==={{noun}}=== {{head|ira-pro|noun|g=m}} #{{topcat|ira-pro|雲}}{{ふりがな|雲|くも}}。 {{ira-decl-noun-auto}} ===={{drv}}==== * {{l|ine-pro|*paryabráh}} ** {{desc|kho|tr=pryaura}} **ソグド・バクトリア語: *** {{desc|sog|-}} (/parīβē/) ***: Buddhist: {{l|sog|tr=prʾyβʾk}}, {{l|sog|tr=prʾyβʾy}} ***: {{desc|sog|𐫛𐫡𐫏𐫂𐫏𐫏|sc=Mani|sclb=1}} *** {{desc|xco|بیرڤیک|tr=byrβyk}}, {{l|xco|بیرڤک|tr=byrβk}}, {{l|xco|بیرفیک|tr=byrfyk}}, {{l|xco|بریڤیک|tr=bryβyk}} ** {{desc|xpr|𐫁𐫏𐫁𐫡'𐫗|t=clouds|pos=pl.}} ===={{desc}}==== {{top}} *東イラン語群: ** {{desc|ae|𐬀𐬡𐬭𐬀}} *北東イラン語群: ** {{desc|xsc-pro|*aβri}} *** {{desc|os|арв|t=空|ӕвра́гъ|t2=雲}} *** {{desc|kho|𐨀𐨆𐨪|tr=orä|t=空}} ** {{desc|yai|abr}} *南東イラン語群: **オールムリー・パラーチー語: *** {{desc|oru|یېور|tr=yēwər}} *** {{desc|prc|ائیر|tr=a`īr}} ** {{desc|sgh|tr=ʰábri}} ** {{desc|ps|اوره|tr=owrë́|ووره|g2=m|tr2=wóra}} *北西イラン語群: **{{ku}}: **: {{desc|kmr|ewr}} **: {{desc|ckb|ھەور}} **: {{desc|sdh|ئەور}} **ザザ＝ゴラニ語: *** {{desc|hac|ھەور|tr=hawr}} *** {{desc|zza|hewr|tr=hawr}} **セムナーン諸語: *** {{desc|sgr|ارب|tr=arb}} ** {{desc|bal|اور|tr=awr|هور|tr2=hawr}} ** Median: *** {{desc|xme-mid|}} **** {{desc|avd|اور|tr=evr}} *** {{desc|xme-ttc-pro}} **** {{desc|tly|-}} ****: {{desc|tly-nor|av}} *南西イラン語群: ** {{desc|lrl||tr=‘abr}} ** {{desc|pal|-}} (/abr/) **: {{desc|pal|tr=ʾbl|sc=Phlv|sclb=1}}, {{l|pal|tr=ʾpl|sc=Phlv}} *** {{desc|fa-cls|ابر}} ***: {{desc|fa-ira|ابر}} ***: {{desc|tg|абр}} ***: {{desc|haz|اور|tr=aúr}} ***ルーリー語: **** {{desc|lrc|ۏر|tr=wr}} **** {{desc|luz|ںۏر|tr=əwr}} **** {{desc|bqi|ںۏر|tr=əwr}} {{bottom}} a6p5lq3sm8e2dbq50y1whzim19fm43t 0 588509 2278425 2026-06-02T10:04:12Z Kuroco2k 84207 新規作成 2278425 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|ru}}== ==={{pron}}=== *{{ru-IPA|пе́рвых ли́цах}} ==={{noun}}=== {{head|ru|noun form|head=пе́рвых ли́цах|g=n-in-p}} #{{noun form 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==={{pron}}=== *{{ru-IPA|пе́рвым ли́цам}} ==={{noun}}=== {{head|ru|noun form|head=пе́рвым ли́цам|g=n-in-p}} #{{noun form of|ru|тре́тье лицо́||dat|p}} 602mehrat9zr913io6xux0ahidxawqo 2278441 2278427 2026-06-02T10:06:33Z Kuroco2k 84207 2278441 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|ru}}== ==={{pron}}=== *{{ru-IPA|пе́рвым ли́цам}} ==={{noun}}=== {{head|ru|noun form|head=пе́рвым ли́цам|g=n-in-p}} #{{noun form of|ru|пе́рвое лицо́||dat|p}} 5007ke7cdl4sx0rfqqmu9rr6qy1py8c 0 588512 2278428 2026-06-02T10:04:13Z Kuroco2k 84207 新規作成 2278428 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|ru}}== ==={{pron}}=== *{{ru-IPA|пе́рвых ли́ц}} ==={{noun}}=== {{head|ru|noun form|head=пе́рвых ли́ц|g=n-in-p}} #{{noun form of|ru|тре́тье лицо́||gen|p}} 7s7g2zwfzvuklxaaweoe4qe4z7jja9c 2278438 2278428 2026-06-02T10:06:31Z Kuroco2k 84207 2278438 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|ru}}== ==={{pron}}=== *{{ru-IPA|пе́рвых ли́ц}} ==={{noun}}=== {{head|ru|noun form|head=пе́рвых ли́ц|g=n-in-p}} #{{noun form of|ru|пе́рвое лицо́||gen|p}} 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*{{ru-IPA|пе́рвом лице́}} ==={{noun}}=== {{head|ru|noun form|head=пе́рвом лице́|g=n-in}} #{{noun form of|ru|пе́рвое лицо́||pre|s}} 2v8xzsv9ernrxzd5qt1bagqw0k111l2 0 588515 2278431 2026-06-02T10:04:14Z Kuroco2k 84207 新規作成 2278431 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|ru}}== ==={{pron}}=== *{{ru-IPA|пе́рвым лицо́м}} ==={{noun}}=== {{head|ru|noun form|head=пе́рвым лицо́м|g=n-in}} #{{noun form of|ru|тре́тье лицо́||造格|s}} ti5cmago95bnb0eiwyme2mp2xdbc3us 2278437 2278431 2026-06-02T10:06:31Z Kuroco2k 84207 2278437 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|ru}}== ==={{pron}}=== *{{ru-IPA|пе́рвым лицо́м}} ==={{noun}}=== {{head|ru|noun form|head=пе́рвым лицо́м|g=n-in}} #{{noun form of|ru|пе́рвое лицо́||造格|s}} d8aioh5m9twva8iog6q1tinz9dr4udf 0 588516 2278432 2026-06-02T10:04:14Z Kuroco2k 84207 新規作成 2278432 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|ru}}== ==={{pron}}=== *{{ru-IPA|пе́рвому лицу́}} ==={{noun}}=== {{head|ru|noun form|head=пе́рвому лицу́|g=n-in}} #{{noun form of|ru|тре́тье лицо́||dat|s}} p5g31tpkbu81ywxvtb3n7j4cufkucmv 2278436 2278432 2026-06-02T10:06:31Z Kuroco2k 84207 2278436 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|ru}}== ==={{pron}}=== *{{ru-IPA|пе́рвому лицу́}} ==={{noun}}=== {{head|ru|noun form|head=пе́рвому лицу́|g=n-in}} #{{noun form of|ru|пе́рвое лицо́||dat|s}} 0w1fw0r7mksnh2hhdjtrui72osxix6f 0 588517 2278433 2026-06-02T10:04:15Z Kuroco2k 84207 新規作成 2278433 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|ru}}== ==={{pron}}=== *{{ru-IPA|пе́рвого лица́}} ==={{noun}}=== {{head|ru|noun form|head=пе́рвого лица́|g=n-in}} #{{noun form of|ru|тре́тье лицо́||gen|s}} h1xv2y526w0dm8hglrj2otoxcc3s3th 2278435 2278433 2026-06-02T10:06:30Z Kuroco2k 84207 2278435 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|ru}}== ==={{pron}}=== *{{ru-IPA|пе́рвого лица́}} ==={{noun}}=== {{head|ru|noun form|head=пе́рвого лица́|g=n-in}} #{{noun form of|ru|пе́рвое лицо́||gen|s}} e1xu7vbuug36gv0uli65bsmwkw10la3 0 588518 2278434 2026-06-02T10:05:12Z ふゆくれ 95641 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT|ナイキストしゅうはすう}} =={{L|ja}}== {{wikipedia}} ==={{etym}}=== スウェーデンの物理学者 {{epon|ja|ハリー・ナイキスト}}に因む。 ==={{pron}}=== {{ja-pron|ナイキストしゅうはすう|acc=8}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|ナイキストしゅうはすう}} #{{context|信号処理|lang=ja}}[[標本化周波数]]の[[半値]]。 ===={{rel}}==== *[[ナイキスト=シャノンの標本化定理]]（サンプリン…」 2278434 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|ナイキストしゅうはすう}} =={{L|ja}}== {{wikipedia}} ==={{etym}}=== スウェーデンの物理学者 {{epon|ja|ハリー・ナイキスト}}に因む。 ==={{pron}}=== {{ja-pron|ナイキストしゅうはすう|acc=8}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|ナイキストしゅうはすう}} #{{context|信号処理|lang=ja}}[[標本化周波数]]の[[半値]]。 ===={{rel}}==== *[[ナイキスト=シャノンの標本化定理]]（[[サンプリング定理]]） *[[ローパスフィルタ]] *[[折り返し雑音]] *[[帯域制限]] 69w0pwjzn2vb82ikbn3824dppa52lkd 0 588519 2278444 2026-06-02T10:11:05Z Kuroco2k 84207 新規作成 2278444 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|ru}}== ==={{pron}}=== *{{ru-IPA|вторы́х ли́цах}} ==={{noun}}=== {{head|ru|noun form|head=вторы́х ли́цах|g=n-in-p}} #{{noun form of|ru|второ́е лицо́||pre|p}} 8ay96scgnn5c4e87qhq1qkztqugcwvb 0 588520 2278445 2026-06-02T10:11:05Z Kuroco2k 84207 新規作成 2278445 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|ru}}== ==={{pron}}=== *{{ru-IPA|вторы́ми ли́цами}} ==={{noun}}=== {{head|ru|noun form|head=вторы́ми ли́цами|g=n-in-p}} #{{noun form of|ru|второ́е лицо́||造格|p}} qf4iptuwor1w5dvubusmptcvf9vyfpp 0 588521 2278446 2026-06-02T10:11:06Z Kuroco2k 84207 新規作成 2278446 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|ru}}== ==={{pron}}=== *{{ru-IPA|вторы́х ли́ц}} ==={{noun}}=== {{head|ru|noun form|head=вторы́х ли́ц|g=n-in-p}} #{{noun form of|ru|второ́е лицо́||gen|p}} rie1uhuvcmqab297c0of1lgp2e5n8zr 0 588522 2278447 2026-06-02T10:11:06Z Kuroco2k 84207 新規作成 2278447 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|ru}}== ==={{pron}}=== *{{ru-IPA|вторы́м ли́цам}} ==={{noun}}=== {{head|ru|noun form|head=вторы́м ли́цам|g=n-in-p}} #{{noun form of|ru|второ́е лицо́||dat|p}} i9ywqk2g455ygk5an3crq5az0lg6y14 0 588523 2278448 2026-06-02T10:11:06Z Kuroco2k 84207 新規作成 2278448 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|ru}}== ==={{pron}}=== *{{ru-IPA|вторы́е ли́ца|pos=a}} ==={{noun}}=== {{head|ru|noun form|head=вторы́е ли́ца|g=n-in-p}} #{{noun form of|ru|второ́е лицо́||nom//acc|p}} lx8punqrov6her2sdbu9fq7zm49kzxk 0 588524 2278449 2026-06-02T10:11:06Z Kuroco2k 84207 新規作成 2278449 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|ru}}== ==={{pron}}=== *{{ru-IPA|второ́м лице́}} ==={{noun}}=== {{head|ru|noun form|head=второ́м лице́|g=n-in}} #{{noun form of|ru|второ́е лицо́||pre|s}} p3u6gzwombrhujutjqbgmnztunt9rvj 0 588525 2278450 2026-06-02T10:11:07Z Kuroco2k 84207 新規作成 2278450 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|ru}}== ==={{pron}}=== *{{ru-IPA|вторы́м лицо́м}} ==={{noun}}=== {{head|ru|noun form|head=вторы́м лицо́м|g=n-in}} #{{noun form of|ru|второ́е лицо́||造格|s}} 4wn435gwzyijmeotkturuhyjwa2ra5o 0 588526 2278451 2026-06-02T10:11:07Z Kuroco2k 84207 新規作成 2278451 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|ru}}== ==={{pron}}=== *{{ru-IPA|второ́му лицу́}} ==={{noun}}=== {{head|ru|noun form|head=второ́му лицу́|g=n-in}} #{{noun form of|ru|второ́е лицо́||dat|s}} nyy11zn3dr85x0lay1b6a2rlailipyn 0 588527 2278452 2026-06-02T10:11:07Z Kuroco2k 84207 新規作成 2278452 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|ru}}== ==={{pron}}=== *{{ru-IPA|второ́го лица́}} ==={{noun}}=== {{head|ru|noun form|head=второ́го лица́|g=n-in}} #{{noun form of|ru|второ́е лицо́||gen|s}} qmpkki3udmuksd30t7eu3hfjbx7cv3p 100 588528 2278455 2026-06-02T10:14:56Z M-30722 1202 [[en:Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/abʰrás]]より 2278455 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DEFAULTSORT:abhras}} =={{L|iir-pro}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|ine-pro|iir-pro}} {{m|ine-pro|*n̥bʰrós}} ==={{noun}}=== {{iir-noun|g=m}} #{{topcat|iir-pro|雲}}{{ふりがな|雲|くも}}、{{ふりがな|雨雲|あまぐも}}。 ===={{desc}}==== * {{desc|inc-pro|*abʰrás}} ** {{desc|sa|अभ्र|tr=abhrá}} * {{desc|ira-pro|*abráh|*abryáh}} p2rqq491tq49hwjlq4kf210qmsvhch5 2278473 2278455 2026-06-02T10:49:55Z Kuroco2k 84207 2278473 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DEFAULTSORT:abhras}} =={{L|iir-pro}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{etyl|ine-pro|iir-pro}} {{m|ine-pro|*n̥bʰrós}} ==={{noun}}=== {{iir-noun|g=m}} #{{topcat|iir-pro|雲}}{{ふりがな|雲|くも}}、{{ふりがな|雨雲|あまぐも}}。 ===={{decl}}==== {{iir-decl-noun}} ===={{desc}}==== * {{desc|inc-pro|*abʰrás}} ** {{desc|sa|अभ्र|tr=abhrá}} * {{desc|ira-pro|*abráh|*abryáh}} 0it335i4ndf5stimo0clgrvgwtotvb0 0 588529 2278456 2026-06-02T10:16:55Z ふゆくれ 95641 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT|ひょうほんかしゅうはすう}} =={{L|ja}}== {{wikipedia}} ==={{etym}}=== {{ja-compound|標本化||周波数}} ==={{pron}}=== {{ja-pron|ひょうほんかしゅうはすう|acc=8}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|ひょうほんかしゅうはすう}} #{{context|信号処理|lang=ja}}[[アナログ]][[信号]]を[[標本化]]するときの、[[標本化周期]]の[[逆数]]。[[サンプリング周波数]]。[[サンプリングレート]]。 ==…」 2278456 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|ひょうほんかしゅうはすう}} =={{L|ja}}== {{wikipedia}} ==={{etym}}=== {{ja-compound|標本化||周波数}} ==={{pron}}=== {{ja-pron|ひょうほんかしゅうはすう|acc=8}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|ひょうほんかしゅうはすう}} #{{context|信号処理|lang=ja}}[[アナログ]][[信号]]を[[標本化]]するときの、[[標本化周期]]の[[逆数]]。[[サンプリング周波数]]。[[サンプリングレート]]。 ===={{rel}}==== *[[標本化周期]]（[[サンプリング周期]]・[[標本化間隔]]・[[サンプリング間隔]]） *[[ナイキスト=シャノンの標本化定理]]（[[サンプリング定理]]） *[[ナイキスト周波数]] *[[ディラックの櫛型関数]]（[[Ш関数]]） 76nfe04dvzmu3rgwmm6setshk3qgdtt 0 588530 2278457 2026-06-02T10:16:58Z ふゆくれ 95641 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT|ひょうほんかしゅうき}} =={{L|ja}}== {{wikipedia}} ==={{etym}}=== {{ja-compound|標本化||周期}} ==={{pron}}=== {{ja-pron|ひょうほんかしゅうき|acc=6}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|ひょうほんかしゅうき}} #{{context|信号処理|lang=ja}}[[アナログ]][[信号]]を[[標本化]]するときの、[[標本]]の[[時間]][[間隔]]。[[サンプリング周期]]。[[標本化間隔]]。[[サンプリング間隔]]。 ===={{…」 2278457 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|ひょうほんかしゅうき}} =={{L|ja}}== {{wikipedia}} ==={{etym}}=== {{ja-compound|標本化||周期}} ==={{pron}}=== {{ja-pron|ひょうほんかしゅうき|acc=6}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|ひょうほんかしゅうき}} #{{context|信号処理|lang=ja}}[[アナログ]][[信号]]を[[標本化]]するときの、[[標本]]の[[時間]][[間隔]]。[[サンプリング周期]]。[[標本化間隔]]。[[サンプリング間隔]]。 ===={{rel}}==== *[[標本化周波数]]（[[サンプリング周波数]]・[[サンプリングレート]]） *[[ナイキスト=シャノンの標本化定理]]（[[サンプリング定理]]） *[[ナイキスト周波数]] *[[ディラックの櫛型関数]]（[[Ш関数]]） tulkxn6g4xqx6ry6m8s79uw26mdympa 100 588531 2278459 2026-06-02T10:24:06Z M-30722 1202 [[en:Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/n̥bʰrós]]より 2278459 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DEFAULTSORT:nbros}} =={{L|ine-pro}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{suffix+|lang=ine-pro|nebʰ-|rós}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ine-noun|m|head2=*n̥bʰrís}} #{{タグ|ine-pro|雲}}{{ふりがな|雨雲|あまぐも}}。 ===={{desc}}==== * {{desc|hyx-pro}} < {{l|ine-pro||*m̥bʰrós}} ** {{desc|xcl|ամպրոպ|անպրոպ}} *** {{desc|hy|ամպրոպ}} * {{desc|itc-pro|*n̥βris}} * {{desc|iir-pro|*abʰrás}} * {{desc|cel-pro}} ** {{desc|cel-bry-pro}} *** {{desc|wlm|Amir|Amyr}} * {{desc|ine-toc-pro|*eppre}} ** {{desc|ine-toc-pro|*epprer|pos=集合名詞|der=1}} *** {{desc|txb|iprer|eprer|ipprer}} **** {{desc|xto|eprer}} * {{desc|smi-pro|*ëprē|bor=1}} 0xl76bzh2as8f5vtaixi5upyooo7rgh 10 588532 2278460 2026-06-02T10:26:13Z M-30722 1202 新規作成 2278460 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:ira-decl-noun|show}}<!-- --><noinclude>[[カテゴリ:{{ira-pro}}_語形変化表テンプレート]]{{documentation}}</noinclude> s7tdsjlmm5su5ytl3d0hxkkypic4n6q 828 588533 2278462 2026-06-02T10:30:08Z M-30722 1202 [[en:Module:ira-decl-noun]]より 2278462 Scribunto text/plain local export = {} local m_links = require("Module:links") local m_utils = require("Module:utilities") local decl_data = require("Module:ira-decl-noun/data") local decl_data_irreg = require("Module:ira-decl-noun/data/irreg") local lang = require("Module:languages").getByCode("ira-pro") local endings = { ["áh"] = "a-m", ["ah"] = "a-m", ["ám"] = "a-n", ["am"] = "a-n", ["áH"] = "aH-f", ["aH"] = "aH-f", ["íš"] = "i-mf", ["iš"] = "i-mf", ["i"] = "i-n", ["íH"] = "yaH-f", ["iH"] = "yaH-f", ["íHs"] = "iH-f", ["iHs"] = "iH-f", ["úš"] = "u-mf", ["uš"] = "u-mf", ["ú"] = "u-n", ["u"] = "u-n", ["úHs"] = "uH-f", ["uHs"] = "uH-f", } local endings_reverse = { ["a-m"] = "áh", ["a-m"] = "ah", ["a-n"] = "ám", ["a-n"] = "am", ["aH-f"] = "áH", ["aH-f"] = "aH", ["i-mf"] = "íš", ["i-mf"] = "iš", ["i-m"] = "íš", ["i-m"] = "iš", ["i-f"] = "íš", ["i-f"] = "iš", ["i-n"] = "i", ["yaH-f"] = "íH", ["yaH-f"] = "iH", ["iH-f"] = "íHs", ["iH-f"] = "iHs", ["u-mf"] = "uš", ["u-m"] = "uš", ["u-f"] = "uš", ["u-n"] = "u", ["uH-f"] = "úHs", ["uH-f"] = "uHs", ["r-n"] = "ā́", ["r-n"] = "ā", ["cons-n"] = "", } local function detect_decl(word, stem, gender) if stem and gender then local decl = stem .. "-" .. gender return decl, {mw.ustring.sub(word, 1, -(mw.ustring.len(endings_reverse[decl]) + 1))} elseif stem == "r" and mw.ustring.sub(word, -2) == "ā́" then --r-stem return "r-n", {mw.ustring.sub(word, 1, -3)} elseif stem == "s" and mw.ustring.sub(word, -2) == "ah" then return "s-n", {mw.ustring.sub(word, 1, -3)} elseif stem == "cons" then if gender == "n" then return "cons-n" else return "cons-mf" end else for ending, decl in pairs(endings) do if mw.ustring.find(word, ending .. "$") then return decl, {mw.ustring.sub(word, 1, -(mw.ustring.len(ending) + 1))} end end -- No matches, assume consonant stem. local stem stem = mw.ustring.sub(word, 1, -2) return (gender and "cons-" .. gender or "cons-mf"), {stem} end end function syllabify(text) -- Supposed to syllabify resonants when appropriate if mw.ustring.find(text, "[ʰmnrsšhHptcčkbdjǰgwfθx][u]?[mnrŕwy][ʰmnrsšhHptcčkbdjǰgfθx]") then local pref, syllabic, suf = mw.ustring.match(text, "([ʰmnrsšhHptcčkbdjǰgwfθx])([u]?[mnrŕwy])([ʰmnrsšhHptcčkbdjǰgfθx])") syllabic = syllabic:gsub("[mn]", "a") :gsub("w", "u") :gsub("y", "i") :gsub("ua", "wa") syllabic = mw.ustring.gsub(syllabic, "[rŕ]", {["r"] = "r̥", ["ŕ"] = "ŕ̥"}) local syllabified = pref .. syllabic .. suf text = mw.ustring.gsub(text, "[ʰmnrsšhHptcčkbdjǰgwfθx][u]?[mnrŕwy][ʰmnrsšhHptcčkbdjǰgfθx]", syllabified) end if mw.ustring.find(text, "iw[ʰmnsšhHptcčkbdjǰgfθx]") then text = text:gsub("iw", "yu") end if mw.ustring.find(text, "ŕ[aāáiíuú]") then text = mw.ustring.gsub(text, "ŕ", "r") end if mw.ustring.find(text, "[ʰmnrsšhHptcčkbdjǰgwfθx][wyr]$") then text = mw.ustring.gsub(text, "[wyr]$", {["w"] = "u", ["y"] = "i", ["r"] = "r̥"}) end return text end function ruki(text) text = mw.ustring.gsub(text, "[rŕwukcčǰjyisšpbdfxh][ʰŕ̥]?[hs]", { ["rh"] = "rš", ["ŕ̥h"] = "ŕ̥š", ["wh"] = "wš", ["uh"] = "uš", ["kh"] = "xš", ["xh"] = "xš", ["ch"] = "cš", ["ǰh"] = "xš", ["yh"] = "yš", ["ih"] = "iš", ["sh"] = "s", ["šh"] = "š", ["čh"] = "xš", ["ǰʰh"] = "xš", ["jh"] = "cš", ["jʰh"] = "cš", ["ds"] = "ts", ["dʰs"] = "ts", ["bʰh"] = "fš", ["ph"] = "fš", ["fh"] = "fš", ["hh"] = "h", }) return text end function lenite(text) text = mw.ustring.gsub(text, "p([mnrsšHptcčkbdjǰg])", "f%1") text = mw.ustring.gsub(text, "t([mnrsšHptcčkbdjǰg])", "θ%1") text = mw.ustring.gsub(text, "k([mnrsšHptcčkbdjǰg])", "x%1") text = mw.ustring.gsub(text, "[fθx]r̥", { ["fr̥"] = "pr̥", ["θr̥"] = "tr̥", ["xr̥"] = "kr̥", }) text = string.gsub(text, "sθ", "st") return text end function dorsal_b(text) text = mw.ustring.gsub(text, "[kčǰ]ʰ?b", "gb") text = mw.ustring.gsub(text, "[cptšs]b", { ["cb"] = "jb", ["pb"] = "bb", ["tb"] = "db", ["šb"] = "žb" }) return text end function destress(text) -- Suppresses default ending accent if accent is detected on a preceding stem. -- It does this by checking the provided form to see if it has two accents. If the form does have two accents, the rightmost accent is isolated and removed. if mw.ustring.find(text, "[áíúŕ́].+[áíúŕ́]") then local initial, final = mw.ustring.match(text, "^(.-[áíúŕ́])(.*)") final = mw.ustring.gsub(final, "[áíúŕ́]", {["á"] = "a", ["í"] = "i", ["ú"] = "u", ["ŕ"] = "r", ["́"] = ""}) text = initial .. final end -- Suppress default ending stress if the page name has no stress specified local word = mw.loadData("Module:headword/data").pagename if not mw.ustring.find(word, "[áíúŕ́]") then text = mw.ustring.gsub(text, "[áíúŕ́]", {["á"] = "a", ["í"] = "i", ["ú"] = "u", ["ŕ"] = "r", ["́"] = ""}) end return text end function vocstem(stem) -- Enforces first-syllable accent in vocatives. -- It does this by checking to see if a form has no accent. -- Vocatives in the data submodule specifically have no accent specified on their endings, so unaccented stem + unaccented ending = unaccented word. -- If there is no accent, the function parks the accent on the first available vowel. local vocstem if not mw.ustring.find(stem, "[áóÁíúŕ́]") then if mw.ustring.find(stem, "^[ʰmnrsšhHptcčkbdjǰwg]-r̥") then local pref, suf = mw.ustring.match(stem, "^([ʰmnrsšhHptcčkbdjǰwg]-r̥)(.+)") pref = mw.ustring.gsub(pref, "r̥$", "ŕ̥") vocstem = pref .. suf else local pref, firstvowel, suf = mw.ustring.match(stem, "^(.-)([aāiu])(.*)") firstvowel = mw.ustring.gsub(firstvowel, "[aāiu]", {["a"] = "á", ["ā"] = "ā́", ["i"] = "í", ["u"] = "ú"}) vocstem = pref .. firstvowel .. suf end else vocstem = stem end return vocstem end -- The main entry point. -- This is the only function that can be invoked from a template. function export.show(frame) local parent_args = frame:getParent().args local stems = nil local decl_type = {} local word = mw.loadData("Module:headword/data").pagename local args = {} if not decl_data_irreg[word] then if frame.args.decl then decl_type = frame.args.decl else if parent_args.stem and parent_args.g and parent_args[1] then decl_type = parent_args.stem .. "-" .. parent_args.g stems = {parent_args[1]} elseif parent_args[1] and not parent_args.stem then decl_type = detect_decl(word, parent_args.stem, parent_args.g) stems = {parent_args[1]} else decl_type, stems = detect_decl(word, parent_args.stem, parent_args.g) end end if not decl_type then error("Unknown declension '" .. decl_type .. "'") end args = require("Module:parameters").process(parent_args, decl_data[decl_type].params, true) if stems then for i, stem in ipairs(stems) do args[i] = stem end end end local data = {forms = {}, categories = {}} data.head = parent_args["head"] or nil -- Generate the forms if decl_data_irreg[word] then table.insert(data.categories, "Proto-Iranian irregular nouns") decl_data_irreg[word](parent_args, data) else decl_data[decl_type](args, data) end -- Make the table return make_table(data) end function make_table(data) local function show_form(form) if not form then return "—" end local ret = {} for key, subform in ipairs(form) do if subform ~= "—" then -- Post-processing of data subform = syllabify(subform) subform = ruki(subform) subform = dorsal_b(subform) subform = vocstem(subform) subform = destress(subform) subform = lenite(subform) subform = "*" .. subform end table.insert(ret, subform) end return table.concat(ret, ", ") end local function repl(param) if param == "decl_type" then return data.decl_type elseif param == "title" then return "*" .. data.forms.nom_sg[1] else return show_form(data.forms[param]) end end local function make_cases(data) local cases = {"nominative", "vocative", "accusative", "instrumental", "ablative", "dative", "genitive", "locative"} local ret = {} for _, case in ipairs(cases) do local case_short = mw.ustring.sub(case, 1, 3) -- assert(false, case_short) table.insert(ret, "|- " .. ((case_short == "nom" or case_short == "gen") and "" or "class=\"vsHide\"") .. " \n! style=\"background:var(--wikt-palette-lighterblue)\" | " .. case .. "\n") table.insert(ret, "| style=\"background: var(--wikt-palette-paleblue)\" | " .. show_form(data.forms[case_short .. "_sg"]) .. "\n") table.insert(ret, "| class=\"vsHide\" style=\"background: var(--wikt-palette-paleblue)\" | " .. show_form(data.forms[case_short .. "_du"]) .. "\n") if data.forms[case_short .. "_pl"] then table.insert(ret, "| class=\"vsHide\" style=\"background: var(--wikt-palette-paleblue)\" | " .. show_form(data.forms[case_short .. "_pl"]) .. "\n") end end return table.concat(ret) end local no_plural = data.forms.nom_pl == nil local wikicode = [=[ {| class="inflection-table vsSwitcher" data-toggle-category="inflection" style="background:var(--wikt-palette-paleblue); border: 1px solid var(--wikt-palette-lightgrey); text-align: left;" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="2" |- ! style="background:var(--wikt-palette-lightblue)" class="vsToggleElement" colspan="]=] .. (no_plural and "3" or "4") .. [=[" | {{{decl_type}}} |- | style="min-width: 8em; background-color:var(--wikt-palette-lightblue)" | ! style="min-width: 11em; background-color:var(--wikt-palette-lightblue)" | singular ! class="vsHide" style="min-width: 11em; background-color:var(--wikt-palette-lightblue)" | dual]=] .. (no_plural and "\n" or [=[ ! class="vsHide" style="min-width: 11em; background-color:var(--wikt-palette-lightblue)" | plural ]=]) .. make_cases(data) .. [=[ |}]=] return (mw.ustring.gsub(wikicode, "{{{([a-z0-9_]+)}}}", repl)) .. m_utils.format_categories(data.categories, lang) end return export 6ka9pof3116qene8j45qyfevbq27zq9 828 588534 2278463 2026-06-02T10:32:22Z M-30722 1202 [[en:Module:ira-decl-noun/data]]より 2278463 Scribunto text/plain local decl_data = {} decl_data["a-m"] = { params = { [1] = {}, ["nopl"] = {}, }, } setmetatable(decl_data["a-m"], {__call = function(self, args, data) local stem = args[1] data.decl_type = "masculine a-stem" data.forms["nom_sg"] = {args[1] .. "áh"} data.forms["voc_sg"] = {args[1] .. "a"} data.forms["acc_sg"] = {args[1] .. "ám"} data.forms["ins_sg"] = {args[1] .. "áH"} data.forms["abl_sg"] = {args[1] .. "ā́t"} data.forms["dat_sg"] = {args[1] .. "ā́y"} data.forms["gen_sg"] = {args[1] .. "áhya"} data.forms["loc_sg"] = {args[1] .. "áy"} data.forms["nom_du"] = {args[1] .. "ā́(w)"} data.forms["voc_du"] = {args[1] .. "ā(w)"} data.forms["acc_du"] = data.forms["nom_du"] data.forms["ins_du"] = {args[1] .. "áybʰyā(m)"} data.forms["abl_du"] = data.forms["ins_du"] data.forms["dat_du"] = data.forms["ins_du"] data.forms["gen_du"] = {args[1] .. "áyāh"} data.forms["loc_du"] = {args[1] .. "áyaw"} if not args.nopl then data.forms["nom_pl"] = {args[1] .. "ā́h(ah)"} data.forms["voc_pl"] = {args[1] .. "āh(ah)"} data.forms["acc_pl"] = {args[1] .. "ā́nh"} data.forms["ins_pl"] = {args[1] .. "ā́yš"} data.forms["abl_pl"] = {args[1] .. "áybʰyah"} data.forms["dat_pl"] = data.forms["abl_pl"] data.forms["gen_pl"] = {args[1] .. "ā́naHam"} data.forms["loc_pl"] = {args[1] .. "áyšu"} end table.insert(data.categories, "Proto-Iranian masculine a-stem nouns") end }) decl_data["a-n"] = { params = { [1] = {}, ["nopl"] = {}, }, } setmetatable(decl_data["a-n"], {__call = function(self, args, data) decl_data["a-m"](args, data) data.decl_type = "neuter a-stem" data.forms["nom_sg"] = data.forms["acc_sg"] data.forms["voc_sg"] = {args[1] .. "am"} data.forms["nom_du"] = {args[1] .. "áy"} data.forms["voc_du"] = {args[1] .. "ay"} data.forms["acc_du"] = data.forms["nom_du"] if not args.nopl then data.forms["nom_pl"] = {args[1] .. "áH"} data.forms["voc_pl"] = {args[1] .. "aH"} data.forms["acc_pl"] = data.forms["nom_pl"] end table.insert(data.categories, "Proto-Iranian neuter a-stem nouns") end }) decl_data["cons-mf"] = { params = { [1] = {}, [2] = {}, ["nopl"] = {}, ["nomsg"] = {}, ["accsg"] = {}, ["locsg"] = {}, ["insdu"] = {}, ["inspl"] = {}, ["ablpl"] = {}, ["locpl"] = {}, ["oblplc"] = {}, }, } setmetatable(decl_data["cons-mf"], {__call = function(self, args, data) local pagename = mw.loadData("Module:headword/data").pagename data.decl_type = "consonant stem" local strong = args[2] or args[1] debrugmann = mw.ustring.gsub(strong, ".", {["o"] = "a", ["ó"] = "á",}) debrugmann2 = mw.ustring.gsub(debrugmann, "á", "a") -- Implements Brugmann's law in the acc. sg.; trigger this by inputting, into the strong stem, *o for any vowels that you want the law to affect -- The "de-brugmann" process will turn the o back to *a for use in loc. and voc. sg. brugmann = mw.ustring.gsub(strong, ".", {["ó"] = "ā́", ["o"] = "ā"}) brugmann_voc = mw.ustring.gsub(strong, ".", {["ó"] = "ā", ["o"] = "ā", ["á"] = "a"}) local weak = args[1] -- For r-stems if mw.ustring.find(weak, "[rŕ]$") then gen_sg_ending = "š" else gen_sg_ending = "áh" end -- Forms the nom. sg. of n-stems and r-stems if args[2] then if mw.ustring.find(args[2], "[rn]$") then local rnnom = mw.ustring.gsub(args[2], "[aáoó][rn]$", "") args.nomsg = rnnom .. "ā́" end end data.forms["nom_sg"] = {args.nomsg or brugmann .. "h"} data.forms["voc_sg"] = {debrugmann2} data.forms["acc_sg"] = {args.accsg or brugmann .. "ám"} data.forms["ins_sg"] = {weak .. "áH"} data.forms["abl_sg"] = {weak .. gen_sg_ending} data.forms["dat_sg"] = {weak .. "áy"} data.forms["gen_sg"] = data.forms["abl_sg"] data.forms["loc_sg"] = {args.locsg or debrugmann .. "í"} data.forms["nom_du"] = {brugmann .. "ā́(w)"} data.forms["voc_du"] = {brugmann_voc .. "ā(w)"} data.forms["acc_du"] = data.forms["nom_du"] data.forms["ins_du"] = {args.insdu or (args.oblplc or weak) .. "bʰyā́(m)"} data.forms["abl_du"] = data.forms["ins_du"] data.forms["dat_du"] = data.forms["ins_du"] data.forms["gen_du"] = {weak .. "Hā́h"} data.forms["loc_du"] = {weak .. "Háw"} if not args.nopl then data.forms["nom_pl"] = {brugmann .. "áh"} data.forms["voc_pl"] = {brugmann_voc .. "ah"} data.forms["acc_pl"] = {weak .. "áh"} data.forms["ins_pl"] = {args.inspl or (args.oblplc or weak) .. "bʰíš"} data.forms["abl_pl"] = {args.ablpl or (args.oblplc or weak) .. "bʰyáH"} data.forms["dat_pl"] = data.forms["abl_pl"] data.forms["gen_pl"] = {weak .. "áHam"} data.forms["loc_pl"] = {args.locpl or (args.oblplc or weak) .. "hú"} end table.insert(data.categories, "Proto-Iranian consonant stem nouns") end }) decl_data["cons-n"] = { params = { [1] = {}, [2] = {}, ["altgsg"] = {}, ["nomsg"] = {}, ["locsg"] = {}, ["nopl"] = {}, }, } setmetatable(decl_data["cons-n"], {__call = function(self, args, data) decl_data["cons-mf"](args, data) data.decl_type = "neuter consonant stem" if args["altgsg"] then gen_sg_ending = "áh" else gen_sg_ending = "h" end local nom_sg local nom_pl local strongdu local loc_stem local resyll local title = mw.loadData("Module:headword/data").pagename if mw.ustring.find(title, "r̥?$") and mw.ustring.find(args[1], "n$") then nom_sg = title nom_pl = mw.ustring.gsub(title, "a?r̥?$", "ār") strongdu = mw.ustring.gsub(title, "a?r̥?$", "n") loc_sg_stem = mw.ustring.gsub(args[1], "[áa]?n$", "án") if destress(args[1] .. "á") == (args[1] .. "á") then resyll = mw.ustring.gsub(args[1], "n$", "á") elseif mw.ustring.find(args[1], "án$") then resyll = mw.ustring.gsub(args[1], "án$", "á") else resyll = args[1] end elseif mw.ustring.find(args[1], "man$") then nom_sg = string.gsub(args[1], "man$", "ma") nom_pl = mw.ustring.gsub(args[1], "man$", "mān") strongdu = args[1] loc_sg_stem = args[1] resyll = nom_sg else nom_sg = title nom_pl = args[2] .. "i" -- HSK 41.3 pp. 1882-1883 strongdu = args[2] loc_sg_stem = args[2] resyll = args[1] end data.forms["nom_sg"] = {nom_sg} data.forms["voc_sg"] = data.forms["nom_sg"] data.forms["acc_sg"] = data.forms["nom_sg"] data.forms["abl_sg"] = {args[1] .. gen_sg_ending} data.forms["gen_sg"] = data.forms["abl_sg"] data.forms["loc_sg"] = {args.locsg or (loc_sg_stem .. "(i)")} data.forms["nom_du"] = {strongdu .. "iH"} data.forms["voc_du"] = data.forms["nom_du"] data.forms["acc_du"] = data.forms["nom_du"] data.forms["ins_du"] = {resyll .. "bʰyā́(m)"} data.forms["abl_du"] = data.forms["ins_du"] data.forms["dat_du"] = data.forms["ins_du"] if not args.nopl then data.forms["nom_pl"] = {nom_pl} data.forms["voc_pl"] = data.forms["nom_pl"] data.forms["acc_pl"] = data.forms["nom_pl"] data.forms["ins_pl"] = {resyll .. "bʰíš"} data.forms["abl_pl"] = {resyll .. "bʰyáH"} data.forms["dat_pl"] = data.forms["abl_pl"] data.forms["gen_pl"] = {args[1] .. "áHam"} data.forms["loc_pl"] = {resyll .. "hú"} end end }) decl_data["s-n"] = { params = { [1] = {}, ["nopl"] = {}, }, } setmetatable(decl_data["s-n"], {__call = function(self, args, data) data.decl_type = "neuter as-stem" data.forms["nom_sg"] = {args[1] .. "ah"} data.forms["voc_sg"] = {args[1] .. "ah"} data.forms["acc_sg"] = {args[1] .. "ah"} data.forms["ins_sg"] = {args[1] .. "ahaH"} data.forms["abl_sg"] = {args[1] .. "ahah"} data.forms["dat_sg"] = {args[1] .. "ahay"} data.forms["gen_sg"] = {args[1] .. "ahah"} data.forms["loc_sg"] = {args[1] .. "ahi"} data.forms["nom_du"] = {args[1] .. "ahiH"} data.forms["voc_du"] = {args[1] .. "ahiH"} data.forms["acc_du"] = data.forms["nom_du"] data.forms["ins_du"] = {args[1] .. "ahbʰyā(m)"} data.forms["abl_du"] = data.forms["ins_du"] data.forms["dat_du"] = data.forms["ins_du"] data.forms["gen_du"] = {args[1] .. "ahHāh"} data.forms["loc_du"] = {args[1] .. "ahHaw"} if not args.nopl then data.forms["nom_pl"] = {args[1] .. "āh"} data.forms["voc_pl"] = {args[1] .. "āh"} data.forms["acc_pl"] = {args[1] .. "āh"} data.forms["ins_pl"] = {args[1] .. "ahbʰiš"} data.forms["abl_pl"] = {args[1] .. "ahbʰyas"} data.forms["dat_pl"] = data.forms["abl_pl"] data.forms["gen_pl"] = {args[1] .. "ahaHam"} data.forms["loc_pl"] = {args[1] .. "ahu"} end table.insert(data.categories, "Proto-Iranian as-stem nouns") end }) decl_data["i-mf"] = { params = { [1] = {}, ["nopl"] = {}, ["g"] = {}, }, } setmetatable(decl_data["i-mf"], {__call = function(self, args, data) data.decl_type = "masculine/feminine i-stem" data.forms["nom_sg"] = {args[1] .. "íš"} data.forms["voc_sg"] = {args[1] .. "ay"} data.forms["acc_sg"] = {args[1] .. "ím"} data.forms["ins_sg"] = {args[1] .. "íH"} data.forms["abl_sg"] = {args[1] .. "áyš"} data.forms["dat_sg"] = {args[1] .. "áyay"} data.forms["gen_sg"] = {args[1] .. "áyš"} data.forms["loc_sg"] = {args[1] .. "ā́y"} -- HCHIEL p.1895: loc. *(H)agnā́y data.forms["nom_du"] = {args[1] .. "íH"} data.forms["voc_du"] = {args[1] .. "iH"} data.forms["acc_du"] = data.forms["nom_du"] data.forms["ins_du"] = {args[1] .. "íbʰyā(m)"} data.forms["abl_du"] = data.forms["ins_du"] data.forms["dat_du"] = data.forms["ins_du"] data.forms["gen_du"] = {args[1] .. "iyā́h"} data.forms["loc_du"] = {args[1] .. "iyáw"} -- HCHIEL p.1895: du.loc. *(H)agniy-áw if not args.nopl then data.forms["nom_pl"] = {args[1] .. "áyah"} data.forms["voc_pl"] = {args[1] .. "ayah"} data.forms["acc_pl"] = {args[1] .. "ínš"} data.forms["ins_pl"] = {args[1] .. "íbʰiš"} data.forms["abl_pl"] = {args[1] .. "íbʰyah"} data.forms["dat_pl"] = data.forms["abl_pl"] data.forms["gen_pl"] = {args[1] .. "iHnáHam"} data.forms["loc_pl"] = {args[1] .. "íšu"} end table.insert(data.categories, "Proto-Iranian i-stem nouns") end }) decl_data["i-n"] = { params = { [1] = {}, ["nopl"] = {}, ["j"] = {}, }, } setmetatable(decl_data["i-n"], {__call = function(self, args, data) decl_data["i-m"](args, data) data.decl_type = "neuter i-stem" data.forms["nom_sg"] = {args[1] .. "í"} data.forms["voc_sg"] = {args[1] .. "i"} data.forms["acc_sg"] = data.forms["nom_sg"] if not args.nopl then data.forms["nom_pl"] = {args[1] .. "íH"} data.forms["voc_pl"] = {args[1] .. "iH"} data.forms["acc_pl"] = data.forms["nom_pl"] end end }) decl_data["iH-f"] = { params = { [1] = {}, ["nopl"] = {}, }, } setmetatable(decl_data["iH-f"], {__call = function(self, args, data) data.decl_type = "feminine iH-stem" data.forms["nom_sg"] = {args[1] .. "íHs"} data.forms["voc_sg"] = {args[1] .. "i"} data.forms["acc_sg"] = {args[1] .. "íHam"} data.forms["ins_sg"] = {args[1] .. "íHaH"} data.forms["abl_sg"] = {args[1] .. "íHah"} data.forms["dat_sg"] = {args[1] .. "íHay"} data.forms["gen_sg"] = data.forms["abl_sg"] data.forms["loc_sg"] = {args[1] .. "íH"} -- HCHIEL p.1896 loc. *wr̥kī́ data.forms["nom_du"] = {args[1] .. "íHaH"} data.forms["voc_du"] = {args[1] .. "iHaH"} data.forms["acc_du"] = data.forms["nom_du"] data.forms["ins_du"] = {args[1] .. "íHbʰyā(m)"} data.forms["abl_du"] = data.forms["ins_du"] data.forms["dat_du"] = data.forms["ins_du"] data.forms["gen_du"] = {args[1] .. "íHāh"} data.forms["loc_du"] = {args[1] .. "íHaw"} if not args.nopl then data.forms["nom_pl"] = {args[1] .. "íHah"} data.forms["voc_pl"] = {args[1] .. "iHah"} data.forms["acc_pl"] = data.forms["nom_pl"] data.forms["ins_pl"] = {args[1] .. "íHbʰiš"} data.forms["abl_pl"] = {args[1] .. "íHbʰyah"} data.forms["dat_pl"] = data.forms["abl_pl"] data.forms["gen_pl"] = {args[1] .. "íHnaHam"} data.forms["loc_pl"] = {args[1] .. "íHsu"} end table.insert(data.categories, "Proto-Iranian iH-stem nouns") end }) decl_data["aH-f"] = { params = { [1] = {}, ["nopl"] = {}, }, } setmetatable(decl_data["aH-f"], {__call = function(self, args, data) data.decl_type = "aH-stem" data.forms["nom_sg"] = {args[1] .. "áH"} data.forms["voc_sg"] = {args[1] .. "ay"} data.forms["acc_sg"] = {args[1] .. "ā́m"} data.forms["ins_sg"] = {args[1] .. "áH, -áyaH"} data.forms["abl_sg"] = {args[1] .. "áyaHh"} data.forms["dat_sg"] = {args[1] .. "áyaHy"} data.forms["gen_sg"] = data.forms["abl_sg"] data.forms["loc_sg"] = {args[1] .. "áyaH"} data.forms["nom_du"] = {args[1] .. "áy"} data.forms["voc_du"] = {args[1] .. "ay"} data.forms["acc_du"] = data.forms["nom_du"] data.forms["ins_du"] = {args[1] .. "áHbʰyā(m)"} data.forms["abl_du"] = data.forms["ins_du"] data.forms["dat_du"] = data.forms["ins_du"] data.forms["gen_du"] = {args[1] .. "áyHāh"} data.forms["loc_du"] = {args[1] .. "áyHaw"} if not args.nopl then data.forms["nom_pl"] = {args[1] .. "ā́h"} data.forms["voc_pl"] = {args[1] .. "āh"} data.forms["acc_pl"] = data.forms["nom_pl"] data.forms["ins_pl"] = {args[1] .. "áHbʰiš"} data.forms["abl_pl"] = {args[1] .. "áHbʰyah"} data.forms["dat_pl"] = data.forms["abl_pl"] data.forms["gen_pl"] = {args[1] .. "áHnaHam"} data.forms["loc_pl"] = {args[1] .. "áHhu"} end table.insert(data.categories, "Proto-Iranian aH-stem nouns") end }) decl_data["yaH-f"] = { params = { [1] = {}, ["nopl"] = {}, }, } setmetatable(decl_data["yaH-f"], {__call = function(self, args, data) data.decl_type = "yaH-stem" data.forms["nom_sg"] = {args[1] .. "íH"} data.forms["voc_sg"] = {args[1] .. "i"} data.forms["acc_sg"] = {args[1] .. "íHm"} data.forms["ins_sg"] = {args[1] .. "yáH"} data.forms["abl_sg"] = {args[1] .. "yáHh"} data.forms["dat_sg"] = {args[1] .. "yáy"} data.forms["gen_sg"] = data.forms["abl_sg"] data.forms["loc_sg"] = data.forms["ins_sg"] data.forms["nom_du"] = {args[1] .. "íH"} data.forms["voc_du"] = {args[1] .. "iH"} data.forms["acc_du"] = data.forms["nom_du"] data.forms["ins_du"] = {args[1] .. "íHbʰyā(m)"} data.forms["abl_du"] = data.forms["ins_du"] data.forms["dat_du"] = data.forms["ins_du"] data.forms["gen_du"] = {args[1] .. "íHāh"} data.forms["loc_du"] = {args[1] .. "íHaw"} if not args.nopl then data.forms["nom_pl"] = {args[1] .. "íHš"} data.forms["voc_pl"] = {args[1] .. "iHš"} data.forms["acc_pl"] = data.forms["nom_pl"] data.forms["ins_pl"] = {args[1] .. "íHbʰiš"} data.forms["abl_pl"] = {args[1] .. "íHbʰyah"} data.forms["dat_pl"] = data.forms["abl_pl"] data.forms["gen_pl"] = {args[1] .. "íHnaHam"} data.forms["loc_pl"] = {args[1] .. "íHsu"} end table.insert(data.categories, "Proto-Iranian yaH-stem nouns") end }) decl_data["uH-f"] = { params = { [1] = {}, ["nopl"] = {}, }, } setmetatable(decl_data["uH-f"], {__call = function(self, args, data) data.decl_type = "uH-stem" data.forms["nom_sg"] = {args[1] .. "úHs"} data.forms["voc_sg"] = {args[1] .. "u"} data.forms["acc_sg"] = {args[1] .. "úHam"} data.forms["ins_sg"] = {args[1] .. "úHaH"} data.forms["abl_sg"] = {args[1] .. "úHah"} data.forms["dat_sg"] = {args[1] .. "úHay"} data.forms["gen_sg"] = data.forms["abl_sg"] data.forms["loc_sg"] = {args[1] .. "úH"} -- HCHIEL p.1896 loc. *tanū́ if not args.nopl then data.forms["nom_pl"] = {args[1] .. "úHah"} data.forms["voc_pl"] = {args[1] .. "uHah"} data.forms["acc_pl"] = data.forms["nom_pl"] data.forms["ins_pl"] = {args[1] .. "úHbʰiš"} data.forms["abl_pl"] = {args[1] .. "úHbʰyas"} data.forms["dat_pl"] = data.forms["abl_pl"] data.forms["gen_pl"] = {args[1] .. "úHnaHam"} data.forms["loc_pl"] = {args[1] .. "úHsu"} end table.insert(data.categories, "Proto-Iranian uH-stem nouns") end }) decl_data["u-mf"] = { params = { [1] = {}, [2] = {}, ["stem"] = {}, ["altgsg"] = {}, ["nopl"] = {}, ["g"] = {}, }, } setmetatable(decl_data["u-mf"], {__call = function(self, args, data) data.decl_type = "masculine u-stem" local title = mw.loadData("Module:headword/data").pagename local stem = mw.ustring.gsub(title, "[uú]š$", "") if not args[1] then args[1] = stem end local gen_sg_ending if args["altgsg"] then gen_sg_ending = "wáh" else gen_sg_ending = "áwš" end data.forms["nom_sg"] = {stem .. "úš"} data.forms["voc_sg"] = {stem .. "aw"} data.forms["acc_sg"] = {stem .. "úm"} data.forms["ins_sg"] = {args[1] .. "úH"} data.forms["abl_sg"] = {args[1] .. gen_sg_ending} data.forms["dat_sg"] = {args[1] .. "áway"} data.forms["gen_sg"] = data.forms["abl_sg"] data.forms["loc_sg"] = {args[1] .. "ā́w"} data.forms["nom_du"] = {stem .. "úH"} data.forms["voc_du"] = {stem .. "uH"} data.forms["acc_du"] = data.forms["nom_du"] data.forms["ins_du"] = {args[1] .. "úbʰyā(m)"} data.forms["abl_du"] = data.forms["ins_du"] data.forms["dat_du"] = data.forms["ins_du"] data.forms["gen_du"] = {args[1] .. "uwā́h"} data.forms["loc_du"] = {args[1] .. "uwáw"} if not args.nopl then data.forms["nom_pl"] = {stem .. "áwah"} data.forms["voc_pl"] = {stem .. "awah"} data.forms["acc_pl"] = {stem .. "únš"} data.forms["ins_pl"] = {args[1] .. "úbʰiš"} data.forms["abl_pl"] = {args[1] .. "úbʰyah"} data.forms["dat_pl"] = data.forms["abl_pl"] data.forms["gen_pl"] = {args[1] .. "uHnáHam"} data.forms["loc_pl"] = {args[1] .. "úšu"} end table.insert(data.categories, "Proto-Iranian u-stem nouns") end }) decl_data["u-n"] = { params = { [1] = {}, [2] = {}, ["stem"] = {}, ["altgsg"] = {}, ["nopl"] = {}, }, } setmetatable(decl_data["u-n"], {__call = function(self, args, data) decl_data["u-mf"](args, data) local title = mw.loadData("Module:headword/data").pagename local stem = mw.ustring.gsub(title, "[uú]$", "") data.decl_type = "neuter u-stem" data.forms["nom_sg"] = {stem .. "ú"} data.forms["voc_sg"] = {stem .. "u"} data.forms["acc_sg"] = data.forms["nom_sg"] if mw.ustring.find(stem, "ā́") then debrugmann = mw.ustring.gsub(stem, "ā́", "á") end if debrugmann then strongdu = debrugmann else strongdu = stem end data.forms["nom_du"] = {strongdu .. "wiH"} data.forms["acc_du"] = data.forms["nom_du"] data.forms["voc_du"] = data.forms["nom_du"] if not args.nopl then data.forms["nom_pl"] = {stem .. "úH"} data.forms["voc_pl"] = {stem .. "uH"} data.forms["acc_pl"] = data.forms["nom_pl"] end end }) decl_data["n-n"] = { params = { [1] = {}, ["nopl"] = {}, }, } decl_data["r-n"] = { params = { [1] = {}, ["nopl"] = {}, }, } setmetatable(decl_data["r-n"], {__call = function(self, args, data) data.decl_type = "r-stem" data.forms["nom_sg"] = {args[1] .. "ā́"} data.forms["voc_sg"] = {args[1] .. "ar"} data.forms["acc_sg"] = {args[1] .. "áram, *-ā́ram, *-r̥m"} data.forms["ins_sg"] = {args[1] .. "ráH"} data.forms["abl_sg"] = {args[1] .. "ŕ̥š, *-rás"} data.forms["dat_sg"] = {args[1] .. "ráy"} data.forms["gen_sg"] = data.forms["abl_sg"] data.forms["loc_sg"] = {args[1] .. "ári"} data.forms["nom_du"] = {args[1] .. "áraH, -ā́raH"} data.forms["voc_du"] = {args[1] .. "araH, -āraH"} data.forms["acc_du"] = data.forms["nom_du"] data.forms["ins_du"] = {args[1] .. "ŕ̥bʰyā(m)"} data.forms["abl_du"] = data.forms["ins_du"] data.forms["dat_du"] = data.forms["ins_du"] data.forms["gen_du"] = {args[1] .. "rā́s"} data.forms["loc_du"] = {args[1] .. "ráw"} if not args.nopl then data.forms["nom_pl"] = {args[1] .. "áras, -ā́ras"} data.forms["voc_pl"] = {args[1] .. "aras, -āras"} data.forms["acc_pl"] = {args[1] .. "ŕ̥nš"} data.forms["ins_pl"] = {args[1] .. "ŕ̥bʰiš"} data.forms["abl_pl"] = {args[1] .. "ŕ̥bʰyas"} data.forms["dat_pl"] = data.forms["abl_pl"] data.forms["gen_pl"] = {args[1] .. "r̥náHam"} data.forms["loc_pl"] = {args[1] .. "ŕ̥šu"} end table.insert(data.categories, "Proto-Iranian r-stem nouns") end }) decl_data["irreg"] = {} setmetatable(decl_data["irreg"], {__call = function(self, args, data) local word = mw.loadData("Module:headword/data").pagename irreg_data = require("Module:ira-decl-noun/data/irreg") if irreg_data.irreg[word] then irreg_data.irreg[word](args, data) else error("Irregular inflection not found. Please check Module:ira-decl-noun/data.") end table.insert(data.categories, "Proto-Iranian irregular nouns") end }) return decl_data osqbhiaw8o5thsx0yf1lakca69o9euy 0 588535 2278464 2026-06-02T10:36:05Z ふゆくれ 95641 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} =={{L|ja}}== {{wikipedia}} ==={{pron}}=== {{ja-pron|acc=9}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun}} #{{context|電子回路|lang=ja}}[[トランジスタ]]の[[一種]]。[[電子]]・[[正孔]]の[[双方]]が[[キャリア]]として振舞うのが[[特徴]]。[[バイポーラジャンクショントランジスタ]]。[[BJT]]。 ===={{ant}}==== *[[電界効果トランジスタ]]（[[ユニポーラトランジスタ]]・[[FET]]） ===={{hypo}}==== *…」 2278464 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} =={{L|ja}}== {{wikipedia}} ==={{pron}}=== {{ja-pron|acc=9}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun}} #{{context|電子回路|lang=ja}}[[トランジスタ]]の[[一種]]。[[電子]]・[[正孔]]の[[双方]]が[[キャリア]]として振舞うのが[[特徴]]。[[バイポーラジャンクショントランジスタ]]。[[BJT]]。 ===={{ant}}==== *[[電界効果トランジスタ]]（[[ユニポーラトランジスタ]]・[[FET]]） ===={{hypo}}==== *[[エミッタ]] *[[コレクタ]] *[[ベース]] *[[pnp型トランジスタ]] *[[npn型トランジスタ]] ===={{rel}}==== *[[演算増幅器]]（[[オペアンプ]]） *[[増幅回路]] *[[ダーリントン接続]] t4zu5kqts2wvr18qfgyikpr619sg0a5 0 588536 2278465 2026-06-02T10:36:07Z ふゆくれ 95641 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT|でんかいこうかトランジスタ}} =={{L|ja}}== {{wikipedia}} ==={{pron}}=== {{ja-pron|でんかいこうかトランジスタ|acc=11}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|でんかいこうかトランジスタ}} #{{context|電子回路|lang=ja}}[[トランジスタ]]の[[一種]]。[[電子]]・[[正孔]]の[[片方]]のみが[[キャリア]]として振舞うのが[[特徴]]。[[ユニポーラトランジスタ]]。[[FET]]。 ===={{ant}}==== *…」 2278465 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|でんかいこうかトランジスタ}} =={{L|ja}}== {{wikipedia}} ==={{pron}}=== {{ja-pron|でんかいこうかトランジスタ|acc=11}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|でんかいこうかトランジスタ}} #{{context|電子回路|lang=ja}}[[トランジスタ]]の[[一種]]。[[電子]]・[[正孔]]の[[片方]]のみが[[キャリア]]として振舞うのが[[特徴]]。[[ユニポーラトランジスタ]]。[[FET]]。 ===={{ant}}==== *[[バイポーラトランジスタ]]（[[バイポーラジャンクショントランジスタ]]・[[BJT]]） ===={{hypo}}==== *[[金属酸化被膜半導体電界効果トランジスタ]]（[[MOSFET]]） **[[nチャネルMOSFET]]（[[nMOS]]） **[[pチャネルMOSFET]]（[[pMOS]]） **[[相補型MOSFET]]（[[CMOS]]） *[[ゲート]] *[[ソース]] *[[ドレイン]] *[[ボディ]]（[[バックゲート]]） ===={{rel}}==== *[[演算増幅器]]（[[オペアンプ]]） *[[増幅回路]] *[[絶縁ゲートバイポーラトランジスタ]] 7px6ywpselcxrdo1th5dcamqr4c2tmr 2278476 2278465 2026-06-02T10:52:38Z ふゆくれ 95641 /* {{hypo}} */ 2278476 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|でんかいこうかトランジスタ}} =={{L|ja}}== {{wikipedia}} ==={{pron}}=== {{ja-pron|でんかいこうかトランジスタ|acc=11}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|でんかいこうかトランジスタ}} #{{context|電子回路|lang=ja}}[[トランジスタ]]の[[一種]]。[[電子]]・[[正孔]]の[[片方]]のみが[[キャリア]]として振舞うのが[[特徴]]。[[ユニポーラトランジスタ]]。[[FET]]。 ===={{ant}}==== *[[バイポーラトランジスタ]]（[[バイポーラジャンクショントランジスタ]]・[[BJT]]） ===={{hypo}}==== *[[金属酸化被膜半導体電界効果トランジスタ]]（[[MOSFET]]） **[[エンハンスメント型MOSFET]] **[[ディプレッション型MOSFET]] **[[nチャネルMOSFET]]（[[nMOS]]） **[[pチャネルMOSFET]]（[[pMOS]]） **[[相補型MOSFET]]（[[CMOS]]） *[[ゲート]] *[[ソース]] *[[ドレイン]] *[[ボディ]]（[[バックゲート]]） ===={{rel}}==== *[[演算増幅器]]（[[オペアンプ]]） *[[増幅回路]] *[[絶縁ゲートバイポーラトランジスタ]] pa5qcscgdzl9whou6dof42vhtya10kn 828 588537 2278466 2026-06-02T10:36:51Z M-30722 1202 [[en:Module:ira-decl-noun/data/irreg]]より 2278466 Scribunto text/plain irreg_data = {} ------ a-stems ------ irreg_data["blōþą"] = function(args, data) data.decl_type = "中性 a語幹" data.forms["nom_sg"] = {"blōþą"} data.forms["voc_sg"] = data.forms["nom_sg"] data.forms["acc_sg"] = data.forms["nom_sg"] data.forms["gen_sg"] = {"blōþas", "blōþis"} data.forms["dat_sg"] = {"blōþai"} data.forms["ins_sg"] = {"blōþō"} data.forms["nom_pl"] = {"blōdō"} data.forms["voc_pl"] = data.forms["nom_pl"] data.forms["acc_pl"] = data.forms["nom_pl"] data.forms["gen_pl"] = {"blōdǫ̂"} data.forms["dat_pl"] = {"blōdamaz"} data.forms["ins_pl"] = {"blōdamiz"} table.insert(data.categories, "Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns") end irreg_data["glasą"] = function(args, data) data.decl_type = "中性 a語幹" data.forms["nom_sg"] = {"glasą"} data.forms["voc_sg"] = data.forms["nom_sg"] data.forms["acc_sg"] = data.forms["nom_sg"] data.forms["gen_sg"] = {"glasas", "glasis"} data.forms["dat_sg"] = {"glasai"} data.forms["ins_sg"] = {"glasō"} data.forms["nom_pl"] = {"glazō"} data.forms["voc_pl"] = data.forms["nom_pl"] data.forms["acc_pl"] = data.forms["nom_pl"] data.forms["gen_pl"] = {"glazǫ̂"} data.forms["dat_pl"] = {"glazamaz"} data.forms["ins_pl"] = {"glazamiz"} table.insert(data.categories, "Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns") end irreg_data["gulþą"] = function(args, data) data.decl_type = "中性 a語幹" data.forms["nom_sg"] = {"gulþą"} data.forms["voc_sg"] = data.forms["nom_sg"] data.forms["acc_sg"] = data.forms["nom_sg"] data.forms["gen_sg"] = {"gulþas", "gulþis"} data.forms["dat_sg"] = {"gulþai"} data.forms["ins_sg"] = {"gulþō"} data.forms["nom_pl"] = {"guldō"} data.forms["voc_pl"] = data.forms["nom_pl"] data.forms["acc_pl"] = data.forms["nom_pl"] data.forms["gen_pl"] = {"guldǫ̂"} data.forms["dat_pl"] = {"guldamaz"} data.forms["ins_pl"] = {"guldamiz"} table.insert(data.categories, "Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns") end irreg_data["hwehwlą"] = function(args, data) data.decl_type = "中性 a語幹" data.forms["nom_sg"] = {"hwehwlą"} data.forms["voc_sg"] = data.forms["nom_sg"] data.forms["acc_sg"] = data.forms["nom_sg"] data.forms["gen_sg"] = {"hwehwlas", "hwihwlis"} data.forms["dat_sg"] = {"hwihwlai"} data.forms["ins_sg"] = {"hwehwlō"} data.forms["nom_pl"] = {"hweulō"} data.forms["voc_pl"] = data.forms["nom_pl"] data.forms["acc_pl"] = data.forms["nom_pl"] data.forms["gen_pl"] = {"hweulǫ̂"} data.forms["dat_pl"] = {"hweulamaz"} data.forms["ins_pl"] = {"hweulamiz"} table.insert(data.categories, "Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns") end irreg_data["jehwlą"] = function(args, data) data.decl_type = "中性 a語幹" data.forms["nom_sg"] = {"jehwlą"} data.forms["voc_sg"] = data.forms["nom_sg"] data.forms["acc_sg"] = data.forms["nom_sg"] data.forms["gen_sg"] = {"jehwlas", "jihwlis"} data.forms["dat_sg"] = {"jihwlai"} data.forms["ins_sg"] = {"jehwlō"} data.forms["nom_pl"] = {"jeulō"} data.forms["voc_pl"] = data.forms["nom_pl"] data.forms["acc_pl"] = data.forms["nom_pl"] data.forms["gen_pl"] = {"jeulǫ̂"} data.forms["dat_pl"] = {"jeulamaz"} data.forms["ins_pl"] = {"jeulamiz"} table.insert(data.categories, "Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns") end irreg_data["tahrą"] = function(args, data) data.decl_type = "中性 a語幹" data.forms["nom_sg"] = {"tahrą"} data.forms["voc_sg"] = data.forms["nom_sg"] data.forms["acc_sg"] = data.forms["nom_sg"] data.forms["gen_sg"] = {"tahras", "tahris"} data.forms["dat_sg"] = {"tahrai"} data.forms["ins_sg"] = {"tahrō"} data.forms["nom_pl"] = {"tagrō"} data.forms["voc_pl"] = data.forms["nom_pl"] data.forms["acc_pl"] = data.forms["nom_pl"] data.forms["gen_pl"] = {"tagrǫ̂"} data.forms["dat_pl"] = {"tagramaz"} data.forms["ins_pl"] = {"tagramiz"} table.insert(data.categories, "Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns") end ------ Consonant stems ------ irreg_data["aigin"] = function(args, data) data.decl_type = "中性 子音語幹" data.forms["nom_sg"] = {"aigin"} data.forms["voc_sg"] = data.forms["nom_sg"] data.forms["acc_sg"] = data.forms["nom_sg"] data.forms["gen_sg"] = {"aiginþiz"} data.forms["dat_sg"] = {"aiginþi"} data.forms["ins_sg"] = {"aiginþē"} data.forms["nom_pl"] = {"aiginþ"} data.forms["voc_pl"] = data.forms["nom_pl"] data.forms["acc_pl"] = data.forms["nom_pl"] data.forms["gen_pl"] = {"aiginþǫ̂"} data.forms["dat_pl"] = {"aiginþumaz"} data.forms["ins_pl"] = {"aiginþumiz"} table.insert(data.categories, "Proto-Germanic consonant stem nouns") end irreg_data["alu"] = function(args, data) data.decl_type = "中性 子音語幹" data.forms["nom_sg"] = {"alu"} data.forms["voc_sg"] = data.forms["nom_sg"] data.forms["acc_sg"] = data.forms["nom_sg"] data.forms["gen_sg"] = {"aluþiz"} data.forms["dat_sg"] = {"aluþi"} data.forms["ins_sg"] = {"aluþē"} data.forms["nom_pl"] = {"aluþ"} data.forms["voc_pl"] = data.forms["nom_pl"] data.forms["acc_pl"] = data.forms["nom_pl"] data.forms["gen_pl"] = {"aluþǫ̂"} data.forms["dat_pl"] = {"aluþumaz"} data.forms["ins_pl"] = {"aluþumiz"} table.insert(data.categories, "Proto-Germanic consonant stem nouns") end irreg_data["arô"] = function(args, data) data.decl_type = "子音語幹" data.forms["nom_sg"] = {"arô"} data.forms["voc_sg"] = data.forms["nom_sg"] data.forms["acc_sg"] = {"arnų"} data.forms["gen_sg"] = {"arniz"} data.forms["dat_sg"] = {"arni"} data.forms["ins_sg"] = {"arnē"} data.forms["nom_pl"] = {"arniz"} data.forms["voc_pl"] = data.forms["nom_pl"] data.forms["acc_pl"] = {"arnunz"} data.forms["gen_pl"] = {"arnǫ̂"} data.forms["dat_pl"] = {"arnumaz"} data.forms["ins_pl"] = {"arnumiz"} table.insert(data.categories, "Proto-Germanic consonant stem nouns") end irreg_data["asunz"] = function(args, data) data.decl_type = "子音語幹" data.forms["nom_sg"] = {"asunz"} data.forms["voc_sg"] = {"asų"} data.forms["acc_sg"] = {"asnų"} data.forms["gen_sg"] = {"asniz"} data.forms["dat_sg"] = {"asni"} data.forms["ins_sg"] = {"asnē"} data.forms["nom_pl"] = {"asniz"} data.forms["voc_pl"] = data.forms["nom_pl"] data.forms["acc_pl"] = {"asnunz"} data.forms["gen_pl"] = {"asnǫ̂"} data.forms["dat_pl"] = {"asnumaz"} data.forms["ins_pl"] = {"asnumiz"} table.insert(data.categories, "Proto-Germanic consonant stem nouns") end irreg_data["berô"] = function(args, data) data.decl_type = "子音語幹" data.forms["nom_sg"] = {"berô"} data.forms["voc_sg"] = data.forms["nom_sg"] data.forms["acc_sg"] = {"bernų"} data.forms["gen_sg"] = {"berniz"} data.forms["dat_sg"] = {"berni"} data.forms["ins_sg"] = {"bernē"} data.forms["nom_pl"] = {"berniz"} data.forms["voc_pl"] = data.forms["nom_pl"] data.forms["acc_pl"] = {"bernunz"} data.forms["gen_pl"] = {"bernǫ̂"} data.forms["dat_pl"] = {"bernumaz"} data.forms["ins_pl"] = {"bernumiz"} table.insert(data.categories, "Proto-Germanic consonant stem nouns") end irreg_data["ēbanþs"] = function(args, data) data.decl_type = "子音語幹" data.forms["nom_sg"] = {"ēbanþs"} data.forms["voc_sg"] = {"ēbanþ"} data.forms["acc_sg"] = {"ēbanþų"} data.forms["gen_sg"] = {"ēbundiz"} data.forms["dat_sg"] = {"ēbundi"} data.forms["ins_sg"] = {"ēbundē"} data.forms["nom_pl"] = {"ēbanþiz"} data.forms["voc_pl"] = data.forms["nom_pl"] data.forms["acc_pl"] = {"ēbanþunz"} data.forms["gen_pl"] = {"ēbundǫ̂"} data.forms["dat_pl"] = {"ēbundumaz"} data.forms["ins_pl"] = {"ēbundumiz"} table.insert(data.categories, "Proto-Germanic consonant stem nouns") end irreg_data["ili"] = function(args, data) data.decl_type = "中性 子音語幹" data.forms["nom_sg"] = {"ili"} data.forms["voc_sg"] = data.forms["nom_sg"] data.forms["acc_sg"] = data.forms["nom_sg"] data.forms["gen_sg"] = {"iliþiz"} data.forms["dat_sg"] = {"iliþi"} data.forms["ins_sg"] = {"iliþē"} data.forms["nom_pl"] = {"iliþ"} data.forms["voc_pl"] = data.forms["nom_pl"] data.forms["acc_pl"] = data.forms["nom_pl"] data.forms["gen_pl"] = {"iliþǫ̂"} data.forms["dat_pl"] = {"iliþumaz"} data.forms["ins_pl"] = {"iliþumiz"} table.insert(data.categories, "Proto-Germanic consonant stem nouns") end irreg_data["kūz"] = function(args, data) data.decl_type = "子音語幹" data.forms["nom_sg"] = {"kūz"} data.forms["voc_sg"] = {"kū"} data.forms["acc_sg"] = {"kwǭ"} data.forms["gen_sg"] = {"kwōiz"} data.forms["dat_sg"] = {"kwōi"} data.forms["ins_sg"] = {"kwōē"} data.forms["nom_pl"] = {"kwōiz"} data.forms["voc_pl"] = data.forms["nom_pl"] data.forms["acc_pl"] = {"kwōnz"} data.forms["gen_pl"] = {"kwōǫ̂"} data.forms["dat_pl"] = {"kwōmaz"} data.forms["ins_pl"] = {"kwōmiz"} table.insert(data.categories, "Proto-Germanic consonant stem nouns") end irreg_data["mann-"] = function(args, data) data.decl_type = "子音語幹" data.forms["nom_sg"] = {"mann-", "manô", "mannô"} data.forms["voc_sg"] = {"mann"} data.forms["acc_sg"] = {"mannǭ"} data.forms["gen_sg"] = {"manniz"} data.forms["dat_sg"] = {"manni"} data.forms["ins_sg"] = {"mannē"} data.forms["nom_pl"] = {"manniz"} data.forms["voc_pl"] = data.forms["nom_pl"] data.forms["acc_pl"] = {"mannunz"} data.forms["gen_pl"] = {"mannǫ̂"} data.forms["dat_pl"] = {"mannumaz"} data.forms["ins_pl"] = {"mannumiz"} table.insert(data.categories, "Proto-Germanic consonant stem nouns") end irreg_data["metaþs"] = function(args, data) data.decl_type = "子音語幹" data.forms["nom_sg"] = {"metaþs"} data.forms["voc_sg"] = {"metaþ"} data.forms["acc_sg"] = {"metaþų"} data.forms["gen_sg"] = {"metadiz"} data.forms["dat_sg"] = {"metadi"} data.forms["ins_sg"] = {"metadē"} data.forms["nom_pl"] = {"metaþiz"} data.forms["voc_pl"] = data.forms["nom_pl"] data.forms["acc_pl"] = {"metaþunz"} data.forms["gen_pl"] = {"metadǫ̂"} data.forms["dat_pl"] = {"metadumaz"} data.forms["ins_pl"] = {"metadumiz"} table.insert(data.categories, "Proto-Germanic consonant stem nouns") end irreg_data["mili"] = function(args, data) data.decl_type = "中性 子音語幹" data.forms["nom_sg"] = {"mili"} data.forms["voc_sg"] = data.forms["nom_sg"] data.forms["acc_sg"] = data.forms["nom_sg"] data.forms["gen_sg"] = {"milidiz"} data.forms["dat_sg"] = {"milidi"} data.forms["ins_sg"] = {"milidē"} table.insert(data.categories, "Proto-Germanic consonant stem nouns") end irreg_data["stuþs"] = function(args, data) data.decl_type = "子音語幹" data.forms["nom_sg"] = {"stuþs"} data.forms["voc_sg"] = {"stuþ"} data.forms["acc_sg"] = {"stuþų"} data.forms["gen_sg"] = {"studiz"} data.forms["dat_sg"] = {"studi"} data.forms["ins_sg"] = {"studē"} data.forms["nom_pl"] = {"stuþiz"} data.forms["voc_pl"] = data.forms["nom_pl"] data.forms["acc_pl"] = {"stuþunz"} data.forms["gen_pl"] = {"studǫ̂"} data.forms["dat_pl"] = {"studumaz"} data.forms["ins_pl"] = {"studumiz"} table.insert(data.categories, "Proto-Germanic consonant stem nouns") end irreg_data["sūz"] = function(args, data) data.decl_type = "子音語幹" data.forms["nom_sg"] = {"sūz"} data.forms["voc_sg"] = {"sū"} data.forms["acc_sg"] = {"suwų"} data.forms["gen_sg"] = {"suwiz"} data.forms["dat_sg"] = {"suwi"} data.forms["ins_sg"] = {"sūē"} data.forms["nom_pl"] = {"suwiz"} data.forms["voc_pl"] = data.forms["nom_pl"] data.forms["acc_pl"] = {"suwunz"} data.forms["gen_pl"] = {"sūǫ̂"} data.forms["dat_pl"] = {"suwumaz"} data.forms["ins_pl"] = {"suwumiz"} table.insert(data.categories, "Proto-Germanic consonant stem nouns") end irreg_data["tanþs"] = function(args, data) data.decl_type = "子音語幹" data.forms["nom_sg"] = {"tanþs"} data.forms["voc_sg"] = {"tanþ"} data.forms["acc_sg"] = {"tanþų"} data.forms["gen_sg"] = {"tundiz"} data.forms["dat_sg"] = {"tundi"} data.forms["ins_sg"] = {"tundē"} data.forms["nom_pl"] = {"tanþiz"} data.forms["voc_pl"] = data.forms["nom_pl"] data.forms["acc_pl"] = {"tanþunz"} data.forms["gen_pl"] = {"tundǫ̂"} data.forms["dat_pl"] = {"tundumaz"} data.forms["ins_pl"] = {"tundumiz"} table.insert(data.categories, "Proto-Germanic consonant stem nouns") end irreg_data["wrōts"] = function(args, data) data.decl_type = "子音語幹" data.forms["nom_sg"] = {"wrōts"} data.forms["voc_sg"] = {"wrōt"} data.forms["acc_sg"] = {"wrōtų"} data.forms["gen_sg"] = {"wurtiz"} data.forms["dat_sg"] = {"wurti"} data.forms["ins_sg"] = {"wurtē"} data.forms["nom_pl"] = {"wrōtiz"} data.forms["voc_pl"] = data.forms["nom_pl"] data.forms["acc_pl"] = {"wrōtunz"} data.forms["gen_pl"] = {"wurtǫ̂"} data.forms["dat_pl"] = {"wurtumaz"} data.forms["ins_pl"] = {"wurtumiz"} table.insert(data.categories, "Proto-Germanic consonant stem nouns") end ------ i-stems ------ irreg_data["burþiz"] = function(args, data) if not args[1] then irreg_data["burþiz"]({""}, data) return end data.decl_type = "i語幹" data.forms["nom_sg"] = {args[1] .. "burþiz"} data.forms["voc_sg"] = {args[1] .. "burþi"} data.forms["acc_sg"] = {args[1] .. "burþį"} data.forms["gen_sg"] = {args[1] .. "burdīz"} data.forms["dat_sg"] = {args[1] .. "burdī"} data.forms["ins_sg"] = {args[1] .. "burdī"} data.forms["nom_pl"] = {args[1] .. "burþīz"} data.forms["voc_pl"] = data.forms["nom_pl"] data.forms["acc_pl"] = {args[1] .. "burþīnz"} data.forms["gen_pl"] = {args[1] .. "burdijǫ̂"} data.forms["dat_pl"] = {args[1] .. "burdimaz"} data.forms["ins_pl"] = {args[1] .. "burdimiz"} table.insert(data.categories, "Proto-Germanic i-stem nouns") end irreg_data["fraburþiz"] = function(args, data) irreg_data["burþiz"]({"fra"}, data) end irreg_data["gaburþiz"] = function(args, data) irreg_data["burþiz"]({"ga"}, data) end irreg_data["kinþiz"] = function(args, data) data.decl_type = "i語幹" data.forms["nom_sg"] = {"kinþiz"} data.forms["voc_sg"] = {"kinþi"} data.forms["acc_sg"] = {"kinþį"} data.forms["gen_sg"] = {"kundīz"} data.forms["dat_sg"] = {"kundī"} data.forms["ins_sg"] = {"kundī"} data.forms["nom_pl"] = {"kinþīz"} data.forms["voc_pl"] = data.forms["nom_pl"] data.forms["acc_pl"] = {"kinþīnz"} data.forms["gen_pl"] = {"kundijǫ̂"} data.forms["dat_pl"] = {"kundimaz"} data.forms["ins_pl"] = {"kundimiz"} table.insert(data.categories, "Proto-Germanic i-stem nouns") end irreg_data["kumþiz"] = function(args, data) data.decl_type = "i語幹" data.forms["nom_sg"] = {"kumþiz"} data.forms["voc_sg"] = {"kumþi"} data.forms["acc_sg"] = {"kumþį"} data.forms["gen_sg"] = {"kundīz"} data.forms["dat_sg"] = {"kundī"} data.forms["ins_sg"] = {"kundī"} data.forms["nom_pl"] = {"kumþīz"} data.forms["voc_pl"] = data.forms["nom_pl"] data.forms["acc_pl"] = {"kumþīnz"} data.forms["gen_pl"] = {"kundijǫ̂"} data.forms["dat_pl"] = {"kundimaz"} data.forms["ins_pl"] = {"kundimiz"} table.insert(data.categories, "Proto-Germanic i-stem nouns") end ------ i/jo stems ------ irreg_data["akwisī"] = function(args, data) data.decl_type = "ī/jō語幹" data.forms["nom_sg"] = {"akwisī"} data.forms["voc_sg"] = data.forms["nom_sg"] data.forms["acc_sg"] = {"akuzijǭ"} data.forms["gen_sg"] = {"akuzijōz"} data.forms["dat_sg"] = {"akuzijōi"} data.forms["ins_sg"] = {"akuzijō"} data.forms["nom_pl"] = {"akuzijôz"} data.forms["voc_pl"] = data.forms["nom_pl"] data.forms["acc_pl"] = {"akuzijōz"} data.forms["gen_pl"] = {"akuzijǫ̂"} data.forms["dat_pl"] = {"akuzijōmaz"} data.forms["ins_pl"] = {"akuzijōmiz"} table.insert(data.categories, "Proto-Germanic ī/jō-stem nouns") end ------ n-stems ------ irreg_data["abô"] = function(args, data) data.decl_type = "男性 an語幹" data.forms["nom_sg"] = {"abô"} data.forms["voc_sg"] = data.forms["nom_sg"] data.forms["acc_sg"] = {"abanų"} data.forms["gen_sg"] = {"abniz"} data.forms["dat_sg"] = {"abni"} data.forms["ins_sg"] = {"abnē"} data.forms["nom_pl"] = {"abniz"} data.forms["voc_pl"] = data.forms["nom_pl"] data.forms["acc_pl"] = {"abnuz"} data.forms["gen_pl"] = {"abnǫ̂"} data.forms["dat_pl"] = {"abnamaz"} data.forms["ins_pl"] = {"abnamiz"} table.insert(data.categories, "Proto-Germanic an-stem nouns") end irreg_data["namô"] = function(args, data) data.decl_type = "中性 an語幹" data.forms["nom_sg"] = {"namô"} data.forms["voc_sg"] = data.forms["nom_sg"] data.forms["acc_sg"] = data.forms["nom_sg"] data.forms["gen_sg"] = {"namniz"} data.forms["dat_sg"] = {"namni"} data.forms["ins_sg"] = {"namnē"} data.forms["nom_pl"] = {"namnō"} data.forms["voc_pl"] = data.forms["nom_pl"] data.forms["acc_pl"] = data.forms["nom_pl"] data.forms["gen_pl"] = {"namnǫ̂"} data.forms["dat_pl"] = {"namnamaz"} data.forms["ins_pl"] = {"namnamiz"} table.insert(data.categories, "Proto-Germanic an-stem nouns") end irreg_data["sēmô"] = function(args, data) data.decl_type = "中性 an語幹" data.forms["nom_sg"] = {"sēmô"} data.forms["voc_sg"] = data.forms["nom_sg"] data.forms["acc_sg"] = data.forms["nom_sg"] data.forms["gen_sg"] = {"sēmniz"} data.forms["dat_sg"] = {"sēmni"} data.forms["ins_sg"] = {"sēmnē"} data.forms["nom_pl"] = {"sēmnō"} data.forms["voc_pl"] = data.forms["nom_pl"] data.forms["acc_pl"] = data.forms["nom_pl"] data.forms["gen_pl"] = {"sēmnǫ̂"} data.forms["dat_pl"] = {"sēmnamaz"} data.forms["ins_pl"] = {"sēmnamiz"} table.insert(data.categories, "Proto-Germanic an-stem nouns") end irreg_data["uhsô"] = function(args, data) data.decl_type = "男性 an語幹" data.forms["nom_sg"] = {"uhsô"} data.forms["voc_sg"] = data.forms["nom_sg"] data.forms["acc_sg"] = {"uhsanų"} data.forms["gen_sg"] = {"uhsniz"} data.forms["dat_sg"] = {"uhsni"} data.forms["ins_sg"] = {"uhsnē"} data.forms["nom_pl"] = {"uhsniz"} data.forms["voc_pl"] = data.forms["nom_pl"] data.forms["acc_pl"] = {"uhsnuz"} data.forms["gen_pl"] = {"uhsnǫ̂"} data.forms["dat_pl"] = {"uhsnamaz"} data.forms["ins_pl"] = {"uhsnamiz"} table.insert(data.categories, "Proto-Germanic an-stem nouns") end irreg_data["hesô"] = function(args, data) data.decl_type = "男性 an語幹" data.forms["nom_sg"] = {"hesô"} data.forms["voc_sg"] = data.forms["nom_sg"] data.forms["acc_sg"] = {"hesanų"} data.forms["gen_sg"] = {"hazniz"} data.forms["dat_sg"] = {"hazni"} data.forms["ins_sg"] = {"haznē"} data.forms["nom_pl"] = {"hesniz"} data.forms["voc_pl"] = data.forms["nom_pl"] data.forms["acc_pl"] = {"hesnuz"} data.forms["gen_pl"] = {"haznǫ̂"} data.forms["dat_pl"] = {"haznamaz"} data.forms["ins_pl"] = {"haznamiz"} table.insert(data.categories, "Proto-Germanic an-stem nouns") end ------ o-stems ------ irreg_data["mēþwō"] = function(args, data) data.decl_type = "o語幹" data.forms["nom_sg"] = {"mēþwō"} data.forms["voc_sg"] = data.forms["nom_sg"] data.forms["acc_sg"] = {"mēþwǭ"} data.forms["gen_sg"] = {"madwōz"} data.forms["dat_sg"] = {"madwōi"} data.forms["ins_sg"] = {"madwō"} data.forms["nom_pl"] = {"mēþwôz"} data.forms["voc_pl"] = data.forms["nom_pl"] data.forms["acc_pl"] = {"mēþwōz"} data.forms["gen_pl"] = {"madwǫ̂"} data.forms["dat_pl"] = {"madwōmaz"} data.forms["ins_pl"] = {"madwōmiz"} table.insert(data.categories, "Proto-Germanic o-stem nouns") end ------ Miscellaneous ------ irreg_data["fōr"] = function(args, data) data.decl_type = "paradigm " .. args[1] data.forms["nom_sg"] = {"fōr"} data.forms["voc_sg"] = data.forms["nom_sg"] data.forms["acc_sg"] = data.forms["nom_sg"] if args[1] == "1" then data.forms["gen_sg"] = {"funiz"} data.forms["dat_sg"] = {"funi"} data.forms["ins_sg"] = {"funē"} elseif args[1] == "2" then data.forms["gen_sg"] = {"fuiniz"} data.forms["dat_sg"] = {"fuini"} data.forms["ins_sg"] = {"fuinē"} elseif args[1] == "3" then data.forms["gen_sg"] = {"funiniz"} data.forms["dat_sg"] = {"funini"} data.forms["ins_sg"] = {"funinē"} end end irreg_data["watōr"] = function(args, data) data.decl_type = "heteroclitic, irregular" data.forms["nom_sg"] = {"watōr"} data.forms["voc_sg"] = data.forms["nom_sg"] data.forms["acc_sg"] = data.forms["nom_sg"] data.forms["gen_sg"] = {"watiniz"} data.forms["dat_sg"] = {"watini"} data.forms["ins_sg"] = {"watinē"} data.forms["nom_pl"] = {"watnō"} data.forms["voc_pl"] = data.forms["nom_pl"] data.forms["acc_pl"] = data.forms["nom_pl"] data.forms["gen_pl"] = {"watnǫ̂"} data.forms["dat_pl"] = {"watnamaz"} data.forms["ins_pl"] = {"watnamiz"} end return irreg_data di5dsppifys9j87v2u2i1chkzi6btmh 0 588538 2278468 2026-06-02T10:45:07Z Daxidawiki 126582 ページの作成:「{{wikipedia}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[ほんじ]]}} # ある文字表記を別の文字体系に置き換えること。 ===={{rel}}==== * [[音訳]] ===={{trans}}==== *{{T|en}}: {{t|en|transliteration}}」 2278468 wikitext text/x-wiki {{wikipedia}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[ほんじ]]}} # ある文字表記を別の文字体系に置き換えること。 ===={{rel}}==== * [[音訳]] ===={{trans}}==== *{{T|en}}: {{t|en|transliteration}} n29l8nhqrvwy5pwgy9zr0430o8h4c8w 2278472 2278468 2026-06-02T10:49:19Z Daxidawiki 126582 example 2278472 wikitext text/x-wiki {{wikipedia}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[ほんじ]]}} #ある文字表記を別の文字体系に置き換えること。 #*古代ギリシア語の「Ἑστία」はラテン文字で Hestiā と'''翻字'''される。 ===={{rel}}==== * [[音訳]] ===={{trans}}==== *{{T|en}}: {{t|en|transliteration}} j5i6bkkiilpsbncouwsdlpp6w1s8jmx 0 588539 2278479 2026-06-02T10:57:45Z M-30722 1202 [[en:cipher]]より 2278479 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|en}}== ==={{alter}}=== * {{alter+|en|cypher||イギリス}} ==={{etym}}=== 14世紀、{{etyl|enm}} {{m|enm|cifre}} < {{etyl|fro}} {{m|fro|cyfre}}, {{m|fro|cyffre}} < {{etyl|ar}} {{m|ar|صِفْر}} < {{m|ar|صَفَرَ}} ==={{pron}}=== * {{hyphenation|ci|pher}} * {{IPA|lang=en|ˈsaɪfə|a=RP}} ** {{音声|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-cipher.wav|a=Southern England}} * {{enPR|sī'''′'''-fər|a=US,Canada}}, {{IPA|lang=en|ˈsaɪfɚ}} ** {{音声|en|en-us-cipher.ogg|a=US}} * {{rhymes|lang=en|aɪfə(ɹ)|s=2}} ==={{noun}}=== {{en-noun}} #[[数字]]。 #: {{syn|en|number|numeral|digit}} #[[装飾]][[頭文字]]。 #: {{syn|en|device|monogram}} #[[暗号]]、[[暗号文]]。 #{{タグ|en|音楽|オルガンの}}[[自鳴]]、[[空鳴]]。 #[[取るに足りない]]もの。 #: {{syn|en|nobody|nonentity|nothing|Thesaurus:nonentity}} #{{タグ|en|古用法|数字の}}[[ゼロ]]。[[0]]。 ===={{drv}}==== {{col3|lang=en|cipherdom|cipherhood|cipherlike|ciphony|subcipher|telecipher|uncipher|collapse=n |bifid cipher|ciphertext|cypherpunk|decipher|encipher|block cipher|Caesar cipher|Feistel cipher|Playfair cipher|stream cipher|substitution cipher|trifid cipher|Vigenère cipher|Bacon's cipher|Baconian cipher|Beaufort cipher|classical cipher|Julius Caesar cipher|pigpen cipher|rail fence cipher|Nihilist cipher|Gronsfeld cipher|transposition cipher}} ==={{verb}}=== {{en-verb}} #{{タグ|en|自動詞|regional|古用法}}[[計算]]する。 #{{タグ|en|自動詞}}[[暗号化]]する。 #{{タグ|en|obsolete}}暗号を[[解読]]する。 #:{{syn|en|decipher}} ===={{drv}}==== * {{l|en|cipherable}} * {{l|en|cipherer}} * {{l|en|recipher}} ==={{anag}}=== * {{anagrams|en|a=cehipr|Perich|chipre|ceriph|rechip|CPHERI}} mg6ciexhazbtscnvxwpzmr8thyo4wtm 2278480 2278479 2026-06-02T10:58:00Z M-30722 1202 /* {{noun}} */ 2278480 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|en}}== ==={{alter}}=== * {{alter+|en|cypher||イギリス}} ==={{etym}}=== 14世紀、{{etyl|enm}} {{m|enm|cifre}} < {{etyl|fro}} {{m|fro|cyfre}}, {{m|fro|cyffre}} < {{etyl|ar}} {{m|ar|صِفْر}} < {{m|ar|صَفَرَ}} ==={{pron}}=== * {{hyphenation|ci|pher}} * {{IPA|lang=en|ˈsaɪfə|a=RP}} ** {{音声|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-cipher.wav|a=Southern England}} * {{enPR|sī'''′'''-fər|a=US,Canada}}, {{IPA|lang=en|ˈsaɪfɚ}} ** {{音声|en|en-us-cipher.ogg|a=US}} * {{rhymes|lang=en|aɪfə(ɹ)|s=2}} ==={{noun}}=== {{en-noun}} #[[数字]]。 #: {{syn|en|number|numeral|digit}} #[[装飾]][[頭文字]]。 #: {{syn|en|device|monogram}} #[[暗号]]、[[暗号文]]。 #{{タグ|en|音楽|オルガンの}}[[自鳴]]、[[空鳴]]。 #[[取るに足りない]]もの。 #: {{syn|en|nobody|nonentity|nothing}} #{{タグ|en|古用法|数字の}}[[ゼロ]]。[[0]]。 ===={{drv}}==== {{col3|lang=en|cipherdom|cipherhood|cipherlike|ciphony|subcipher|telecipher|uncipher|collapse=n |bifid cipher|ciphertext|cypherpunk|decipher|encipher|block cipher|Caesar cipher|Feistel cipher|Playfair cipher|stream cipher|substitution cipher|trifid cipher|Vigenère cipher|Bacon's cipher|Baconian cipher|Beaufort cipher|classical cipher|Julius Caesar cipher|pigpen cipher|rail fence cipher|Nihilist cipher|Gronsfeld cipher|transposition cipher}} ==={{verb}}=== {{en-verb}} #{{タグ|en|自動詞|regional|古用法}}[[計算]]する。 #{{タグ|en|自動詞}}[[暗号化]]する。 #{{タグ|en|obsolete}}暗号を[[解読]]する。 #:{{syn|en|decipher}} ===={{drv}}==== * {{l|en|cipherable}} * {{l|en|cipherer}} * {{l|en|recipher}} ==={{anag}}=== * {{anagrams|en|a=cehipr|Perich|chipre|ceriph|rechip|CPHERI}} dz52r98znyp61vusiz0mc8ddw8r6eqn 0 588540 2278495 2026-06-02T11:02:48Z うーむ 129171 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|岩戸}} #岩屋の入り口などにある[[石造]]で[[堅固]]な戸。 #[[古墳]]などで石室の入り口にある戸。」 2278495 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|岩戸}} #岩屋の入り口などにある[[石造]]で[[堅固]]な戸。 #[[古墳]]などで石室の入り口にある戸。 i0mbmh4wiv662nrl5c0ip1unaqp1w9x 0 588541 2278496 2026-06-02T11:03:26Z ふゆくれ 95641 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT|さんそうこうりゅう}} =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanjitab|さん|そう|こう|りゅう|yomi=o}} ==={{pron}}=== {{ja-pron|さんそうこうりゅう|acc=5}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|さんそうこうりゅう|acc=0}} #{{context|電気回路|lang=ja}}[[電源]][[電圧]]の[[位相]]を<math>120^\circ</math>ずつ{{おくりがな2|摺|ず|らし|ずらす}}た三組の[[交流]]のこと。 ====={{rel}}===== *[[単相交流]] *[[線間電圧]] *…」 2278496 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|さんそうこうりゅう}} =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanjitab|さん|そう|こう|りゅう|yomi=o}} ==={{pron}}=== {{ja-pron|さんそうこうりゅう|acc=5}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|さんそうこうりゅう|acc=0}} #{{context|電気回路|lang=ja}}[[電源]][[電圧]]の[[位相]]を<math>120^\circ</math>ずつ{{おくりがな2|摺|ず|らし|ずらす}}た三組の[[交流]]のこと。 ====={{rel}}===== *[[単相交流]] *[[線間電圧]] *[[線間電流]] *[[相電圧]] *[[相電流]] *[[三相電力]] *[[二電力計法]] *[[送電]] *[[配電]] *[[三相三線式]] *[[三相結線]] *[[Δ-Y変換]] *[[Y-Δ変換]] *[[力率改善]] 0piqxbm9oohddcckemi2kkmck8c7ezb 2278499 2278496 2026-06-02T11:05:31Z ふゆくれ 95641 2278499 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|さんそうこうりゅう}} =={{L|ja}}== {{ja-kanjitab|さん|そう|こう|りゅう|yomi=o}} ==={{pron}}=== {{ja-pron|さんそうこうりゅう|acc=5}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|さんそうこうりゅう|acc=0}} #{{context|電気回路|lang=ja}}[[電源]][[電圧]]の[[位相]]を<math>120^\circ</math>ずつ{{おくりがな2|摺|ず|らし|ずらす}}た三組の[[交流]]のこと。 ====={{rel}}===== *[[単相交流]] *[[線間電圧]] *[[線間電流]] *[[相電圧]] *[[相電流]] *[[三相電力]] *[[二電力計法]] *[[送電]] *[[配電]] *[[三相三線式]] *[[三相結線]] *[[Δ-Y変換]] *[[Y-Δ変換]] *[[力率改善]] =={{L|ko}}== {{ko-hanjatab}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ko-head|noun|삼상교류|cat2=電気工学}} #（日本語に同じ）三相交流。 czuks2qy1n2rq2m0ylpehu3bqmqi0x5 0 588542 2278497 2026-06-02T11:03:29Z うーむ 129171 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT|いわや}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{wagokanji}}=== {{ja-wagokanji|いわや}} #{{wagokanji of|いわや}}」 2278497 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|いわや}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{wagokanji}}=== {{ja-wagokanji|いわや}} #{{wagokanji of|いわや}} lc1m20c10a3bp4mg2bko4v9kekjk2m2 2278498 2278497 2026-06-02T11:04:01Z うーむ 129171 2278498 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|いわと}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{wagokanji}}=== {{ja-wagokanji|いわと}} #{{wagokanji of|いわと}} 5nizmvo3r0rgjbuybj2ehlphi75uq3z 0 588543 2278500 2026-06-02T11:05:33Z ふゆくれ 95641 ページの作成:「=={{L|ko}}== ==={{pron}}=== {{ko-IPA}} ==={{noun}}=== {{head|ko|noun}} {{ko-h|三|相|交|流}} #{{context|電気回路|lang=ko}}[[三相交流]]。」 2278500 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|ko}}== ==={{pron}}=== {{ko-IPA}} ==={{noun}}=== {{head|ko|noun}} {{ko-h|三|相|交|流}} #{{context|電気回路|lang=ko}}[[三相交流]]。 iay8qn59y13u66fob8v1dbkv5a6ndk5 0 588544 2278501 2026-06-02T11:06:24Z M-30722 1202 [[en:decipher]]より 2278501 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|en}}== ==={{alter}}=== * {{l|en|decypher}} ==={{pron}}=== * {{IPA|lang=en|dɪˈsaɪfə(ɹ)|a=UK}} * {{音声|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-decipher.wav|a=Southern England}} * {{rhymes|lang=en|aɪfə(ɹ)|s=3}} ==={{verb}}=== {{en-verb}} #{{タグ|en|他動詞|暗号を}}[[解読]]する。 #: {{syn|en|decode|decrypt|uncode}} #: {{ant|en|encipher|encode|encrypt}} #: {{cot|en|recipher|recode}} #{{タグ|en|他動詞}}{{おくりがな3|読|よ|み|解|と|く|とみとく}}。 #{{タグ|en|他動詞}}[[解決]]策を{{おくりがな2|見|み|つける|みつける}}。 #: {{syn|en|resolve|unriddle|work out|solve}} ===={{drv}}==== {{col3|lang=en|undeciphered|decipheration|decipherer|decipheress|misdecipher|redecipher|undecipher|decipherability|decipherable|decipherment|indecipherability|indecipherable|undecipherable}} ==={{noun}}=== {{en-noun}} #解読、[[判読]]。 ==={{anag}}=== * {{anagrams|en|a=cdeehipr|ciphered}} norn0wfasm4c6ogv44fgplht54803cq 0 588545 2278506 2026-06-02T11:08:54Z うーむ 129171 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|岩門}} #[[岩窟]]の入り口にある[[石造]]の戸。[[いわと|岩戸]]。 #石造で[[堅固]]な戸。」 2278506 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|岩門}} #[[岩窟]]の入り口にある[[石造]]の戸。[[いわと|岩戸]]。 #石造で[[堅固]]な戸。 k6wxu90i89n4usvs59fs02pzf5ksewo 2278512 2278506 2026-06-02T11:12:38Z うーむ 129171 /* 日本語 */ 2278512 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|岩門}} #[[岩窟]]の入り口にある[[石造]]の戸。[[いわと|岩戸]]。 #石造で[[堅固]]な門。 29y3kr331yznnupstb5d1f18grpqkks 0 588546 2278508 2026-06-02T11:09:49Z うーむ 129171 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT|いわかど}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{wagokanji}}=== {{ja-wagokanji|いわかど}} #{{wagokanji of|いわかど}}」 2278508 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|いわかど}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{wagokanji}}=== {{ja-wagokanji|いわかど}} #{{wagokanji of|いわかど}} hepgl4x3ec6cpj0q9scq9bf01buxkx9 0 588547 2278510 2026-06-02T11:12:02Z M-30722 1202 新規作成 2278510 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|en}}== ==={{verb}}=== {{head|en|verb form}} #{{l|en|decipher}}の直説法現在第三人称単数形。 ==={{noun}}=== {{en-plural}} #{{l|en|decipher}}の複数形。 0n2vgbstrupvbcqsy4dca4l3mitj72p 0 588548 2278511 2026-06-02T11:12:36Z M-30722 1202 新規作成 2278511 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|en}}== ==={{verb}}=== {{head|en|verb form}} #{{l|en|decipher}}の現在分詞。 ==={{noun}}=== {{en-noun}} #[[解読]]、[[判読]]。 #:{{syn|en|decipherment}} 0n5woj5rf4cq8yrc3fxwoo09mu5lxt3 0 588549 2278513 2026-06-02T11:13:10Z M-30722 1202 新規作成 2278513 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|en}}== ==={{etym}}=== {{affix|en|decipher|-ment}} ==={{noun}}=== {{en-noun|~}} #[[解読]]、[[判読]]。 prb3ggwx963uicj3uhsw51mhhvagbvx 0 588550 2278514 2026-06-02T11:13:41Z M-30722 1202 新規作成 2278514 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|en}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{en-plural}} #{{plural of|en|decipherment}} no8782qdn1da134g3t7lret2cnj447t 0 588551 2278515 2026-06-02T11:14:01Z M-30722 1202 新規作成 2278515 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|en}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{en-plural}} #{{plural of|en|deciphering}} 4k6arw6xifktquc99kvqbz8k7x5dci7 0 588552 2278516 2026-06-02T11:14:29Z M-30722 1202 新規作成 2278516 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|en}}== ==={{verb}}=== {{head|en|verb form}} #{{l|en|decipher}}の過去形・過去分詞。 48c25s3f8xqkcng0eh68fl6vco61w9z 0 588553 2278517 2026-06-02T11:15:07Z うーむ 129171 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT|せきりょう}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[せきりょう]]}} #[[いわかど|岩門]]。 #[[ごつごつ]]した[[岩石]]。」 2278517 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|せきりょう}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[せきりょう]]}} #[[いわかど|岩門]]。 #[[ごつごつ]]した[[岩石]]。 815j8kfut7lnjl1w1n8xf8195e22zzq 0 588554 2278518 2026-06-02T11:15:55Z M-30722 1202 新規作成 2278518 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|en}}== ==={{verb}}=== {{en-verb}} #{{l|en|decipher}}の異綴。 ==={{noun}}=== {{en-noun}} #{{l|en|decipher}}の異綴。 ==={{anag}}=== * {{anagrams|en|a=cdeehpry|cyphered}} 621oiy18t81at4zze9aodvbpwl4stwq 0 588555 2278519 2026-06-02T11:16:40Z M-30722 1202 新規作成 2278519 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|en}}== ==={{verb}}=== {{head|en|verb form}} #{{l|en|decypher}}の直説法現在第三人称単数形。 ==={{noun}}=== {{en-plural}} #{{plural of|en|decypher}} 11x5lpmyelrr6qnlui607lcn53p1khf 0 588556 2278520 2026-06-02T11:16:52Z M-30722 1202 新規作成 2278520 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|en}}== ==={{verb}}=== {{head|en|verb form}} #{{l|en|decypher}}の現在分詞。 1976g6prhhkbt9qo29c0j5k1nrzay2x 0 588557 2278521 2026-06-02T11:17:04Z M-30722 1202 新規作成 2278521 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|en}}== ==={{verb}}=== {{head|en|verb form}} #{{l|en|decypher}}の過去形・過去分詞。 6ga954my61hqne2la6xd0j0uvqyf3be 0 588558 2278522 2026-06-02T11:17:33Z M-30722 1202 新規作成 2278522 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|en}}== ==={{verb}}=== {{head|en|verb form}} #{{l|en|cypher}}の過去形・過去分詞。 ==={{anag}}=== * {{anagrams|en|a=cdeehpry|decypher}} 09vvxmtdqpdkiecyra3r84kzdz4emzp 0 588559 2278523 2026-06-02T11:18:47Z M-30722 1202 [[en:cypher]]より 2278523 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|en}}== ==={{pron}}=== * {{音声|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-cypher.wav|a=US}} ==={{noun}}=== {{en-noun}} #{{タグ|en|英国英語}}{{l|en|cipher}}の異綴。 ==={{verb}}=== {{en-verb}} #{{タグ|en|英国英語}}{{l|en|cipher}}の異綴。 ==={{drv}}=== * {{l|en|cyphertext}} * {{l|en|uncypher}} ==={{anag}}=== * {{anagrams|en|a=cehpry|Chypre|chypre}} skx2yycjq2xx6rw022rqlnvu68c2fns 0 588560 2278524 2026-06-02T11:19:40Z M-30722 1202 新規作成 2278524 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|en}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{en-plural}} #{{plural of|en|cypher}} ==={{verb}}=== {{head|en|verb form}} #{{l|en|cypher}}の直説法現在第三人称単数形。 ==={{anag}}=== * {{anagrams|en|a=cehprsy|Chypres|chypres}} 4evrzrbvapkats23o2hl94q5744tmf0 0 588561 2278525 2026-06-02T11:21:42Z M-30722 1202 新規作成 2278525 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|en}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{en-plural}} #{{plural of|en|cipher}} ==={{verb}}=== {{head|en|verb form}} #{{l|en|cipher}}の直説法現在第三人称単数形。 ==={{anag}}=== * {{anagrams|en|a=cehiprs|Spicher|ceriphs|chirpse|rechips|spheric}} fnefmv7hjwd3u6vk7v3w7ca19i2nrhr 0 588562 2278526 2026-06-02T11:22:03Z うーむ 129171 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT|ぜいりょう}} =={{ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[ぜいりょう]]}} #[[清脆]]なこと。また、そのようなさま。 ==={{adjectivenoun}}=== {{日本語タルト活用}}」 2278526 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|ぜいりょう}} =={{ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[ぜいりょう]]}} #[[清脆]]なこと。また、そのようなさま。 ==={{adjectivenoun}}=== {{日本語タルト活用}} 0o9e8fnqwouxf2t0nerbr2ehlgwuhc1 0 588563 2278528 2026-06-02T11:22:44Z M-30722 1202 新規作成 2278528 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{L|en}}== ==={{verb}}=== {{head|en|verb form}} #{{l|en|cipher}}の過去形・過去分詞。 ==={{anag}}=== * {{anagrams|en|a=cdeehipr|decipher}} fgw4i9rrd6xc9a2kmrp5cqkywt6mt0i 0 588564 2278530 2026-06-02T11:27:17Z うーむ 129171 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT|ぜいりょう}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[ぜいりょう]]}} #主に[[中国]][[明]]の時代での土地にかかる[[租税]]。」 2278530 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|ぜいりょう}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[ぜいりょう]]}} #主に[[中国]][[明]]の時代での土地にかかる[[租税]]。 cn0prclv2rs7orsgpkiy0ljq5f45iaq 2278531 2278530 2026-06-02T11:28:43Z うーむ 129171 うーむ がページ「[[税量]]」を「[[税糧]]」に移動しました: 誤字のため 2278530 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|ぜいりょう}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[ぜいりょう]]}} #主に[[中国]][[明]]の時代での土地にかかる[[租税]]。 cn0prclv2rs7orsgpkiy0ljq5f45iaq 0 588566 2278537 2026-06-02T11:33:04Z うーむ 129171 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|せいりょう}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana|h=y}} *【[[脆亮]]】:清脆なこと。 *【[[税糧]]】:中国明の時代の土地にかかる租税。」 2278537 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} {{also|せいりょう}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{kangokana}}=== {{ja-kangokana|h=y}} *【[[脆亮]]】:清脆なこと。 *【[[税糧]]】:中国明の時代の土地にかかる租税。 66p6sdy0xfj46ntlo1z8r8qq5t0hog0 0 588567 2278550 2026-06-02T11:40:03Z ふゆくれ 95641 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} =={{L|ja}}== {{wikipedia}} ==={{etym}}=== {{bor|ja|en|transition}} ==={{pron}}=== {{ja-pron|acc=4}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun}} #{{おくりがな3|移|うつ|り|変|か|わり|うつりかわり}}。{{おくりがな3|変|か|わり|目|め||かわりめ}}。[[過渡期]]。」 2278550 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT}} =={{L|ja}}== {{wikipedia}} ==={{etym}}=== {{bor|ja|en|transition}} ==={{pron}}=== {{ja-pron|acc=4}} ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun}} #{{おくりがな3|移|うつ|り|変|か|わり|うつりかわり}}。{{おくりがな3|変|か|わり|目|め||かわりめ}}。[[過渡期]]。 amg1qrk6i9u2poofx3gn6o6vtnj6rwj 0 588568 2278551 2026-06-02T11:40:30Z うーむ 129171 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT|たいまん}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun-suru|[[たいまん]]}} #[[おごる|傲る]]こと。 ==={{verb}}=== {{ja-verb-suru|たいまん}} {{日本語サ変活用}}」 2278551 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|たいまん}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun-suru|[[たいまん]]}} #[[おごる|傲る]]こと。 ==={{verb}}=== {{ja-verb-suru|たいまん}} {{日本語サ変活用}} ttwfn2cny5edaq8xtj25c8wipcd993b 0 588569 2278552 2026-06-02T11:43:21Z うーむ 129171 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT|たいまん}} =={{ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[たいまん]]}} #[[非常]]に[[驕慢]]なこと。また、そのようなさま。 ==={{adjectivenoun}}=== {{日本語タルト活用}}」 2278552 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|たいまん}} =={{ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[たいまん]]}} #[[非常]]に[[驕慢]]なこと。また、そのようなさま。 ==={{adjectivenoun}}=== {{日本語タルト活用}} f9whpa6d9lk8vpycn26qkdh4w9jobng 0 588570 2278553 2026-06-02T11:44:47Z ふゆくれ 95641 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT|へいはしんそくをたっとぶ}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{idiom}}=== {{ja-idiom|へいはしんそくをたっとぶ}} #{{context|諺|lang=ja}}[[戦争]]には[[迅速]]な[[行動]]が[[大切]]である。 ===={{alter}}==== *[[兵は神速を貴ぶ]] *[[兵は拙速を尊ぶ]]（[[兵は拙速を貴ぶ]]） *[[兵は拙速を尚ぶ]] *[[兵は拙速を聞く]] *[[巧遅は拙速に如かず]]」 2278553 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|へいはしんそくをたっとぶ}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{idiom}}=== {{ja-idiom|へいはしんそくをたっとぶ}} #{{context|諺|lang=ja}}[[戦争]]には[[迅速]]な[[行動]]が[[大切]]である。 ===={{alter}}==== *[[兵は神速を貴ぶ]] *[[兵は拙速を尊ぶ]]（[[兵は拙速を貴ぶ]]） *[[兵は拙速を尚ぶ]] *[[兵は拙速を聞く]] *[[巧遅は拙速に如かず]] l7c738ep1z0i4c7vox0wyd4cotwb6om 0 588571 2278554 2026-06-02T11:45:00Z うーむ 129171 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT|たいまん}} =={{ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[たいまん]]}} #[[怠慢]]なこと。また、そのようなさま。 ==={{adjectivenoun}}=== {{日本語タルト活用}}」 2278554 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|たいまん}} =={{ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[たいまん]]}} #[[怠慢]]なこと。また、そのようなさま。 ==={{adjectivenoun}}=== {{日本語タルト活用}} ozufqyxx2c1q39k7n2lz5g2y4fwvzr3 0 588572 2278575 2026-06-02T11:54:45Z うーむ 129171 ページの作成:「{{kana-DEFAULTSORT|ふんが}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[ふんが]]}} #[[地衣類]]の無性生殖器官で体表面に粉がふいたようにあり、風などで[[飛散]]し、[[発芽]]する。」 2278575 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kana-DEFAULTSORT|ふんが}} =={{L|ja}}== ==={{noun}}=== {{ja-noun|[[ふんが]]}} #[[地衣類]]の無性生殖器官で体表面に粉がふいたようにあり、風などで[[飛散]]し、[[発芽]]する。 skw9p37fjuhv0jkpxxxbbgt91elzsnh