Wikipédia jvwiki https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Pendhapa MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.13 first-letter Médhia Mirunggan Parembugan Naraguna Parembugan Naraguna Wikipédia Parembugan Wikipédia Barkas Parembugan Barkas MédhiaWiki Parembugan MédhiaWiki Cithakan Parembugan Cithakan Pitulung Parembugan Pitulung Kategori Parembugan Kategori Gapura Parembugan Gapura TimedText TimedText talk Modhul Parembugan Modhul Acara Pembicaraan Acara Arjuna 0 1049 1751935 1751904 2026-07-30T06:16:08Z Meursault2004 3 Citation needed 1751935 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="toccolours" style="float:right; width:300px; margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom: 1ex;" |-style="text-align:center;" !style="background: #ffaf00;" colspan="3"|'''Arjuna''' |- |colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"|[[Gambar:Arjuna-kl.jpg|240px|Duryodana]]<br />Arjuna. |- !style="background: #ffaf00;" colspan="3"|Jeneng miturut basa |- |'''Basa Sanksekerta'''||Arjuna |- !style="background: #ffaf00;" colspan="3"|Jeneng miturut aksara |- |'''[[aksara Dewanagari|Dewanagari]]'''|| <big><big></big></big> |- |'''[[aksara Bali]]''' || |- |'''[[aksara Jawa]]''' || ꧋ꦄꦂꦗꦸꦤ꧉ |- |[[Aksara Kawi|'''aksara Kawi''']] |𑼄𑼂𑼙𑽂𑼙𑼸𑼥𑽁{{Butuh sitiran}} |- |} {{Pandhawa}} '''Arjuna''' ([[basa Sangskreta|Sangskreta]] ''Arjuna'') iku paraga sajeroning wiracarita [[Mahabharata]]. Miturut carita padhalangan, Arjuna iku putra [[Pandhu|Prabu Pandhudéwanata]], ratu Astina, klawan [[Kunthi|Dèwi Kunthi]] kang angka telu. Mula saka iku, Arjuna banjur sinebut satriya "Panengah Pandhawa". Sedhuluré nunggal rama lan ibu ana loro, yaiku [[Yudhistira|Puntadéwa (Yudhistira)]] lan [[Bima|Werkudara (Bima)]]. Déné, sadulur nunggal rama séjé ibu ana loro, yaiku [[Nakula|Nakula (Pinten)]] lan [[Sadéwa|Sadewa (Tangsen)]]. Kabèh putrané Pandhu iku karan Pandhawa, saka [[Tembung lingga|linggané]] tembung Pandhu lan Hawa kang tegesé anak. Dadi cethané tembung Pandhawa iku tegesé anak Pandhu. Déné yèn miturut layang Mahabharata, Arjuna iku saluguné putrané [[Bathara Indra]] kang miyos saka Dèwi Kunthi srana Dèwi Kunthi mateg aji panggendhaming déwa aran Adityahredaya (miturut Mahabharata) utawa Aji Kunta Wekasing Rasa Cipta Tunggal Tanpa Lawan (miturut pedhalangan) paringané Resi Druwasa. Mula Arjuna uga sesilih Indratanaya kang tegesé putrané Bathara Indra. Kasatriyané Arjuna ana ing [[Madukara]], patihé asma Raden [[Surata]]. == Dasanamané Arjuna, == [[Gambar:CIPTANING_yogya.JPG|thumb|250px|Begawan Ciptaning gagrag Yogyakarta]] * Janaka * Kiritin/Walikithi * Parta * Pritaputra * Permadi/Pamade * Dananjaya * Kumbalyali (ing padhalangan asring karan Kumbang Ali-Ali) * Ciptaning Mintaraga (ing lakon Begawan Ciptaning) * Pandusiwi/Pandhuputra * Indratanaya * Jahnawi * Palguna * Danasmara * Margana * Gudhakesa * Wibatsuh * Kandhi Wrahatnala (nalika nylamur laku dadi banci) == Lair lan jaman enom == Raden Arjuna nalika timur kekasih '''Raden Permadi.''' Manut crita padhalangan Jawa, Raden Permadi iku putrane [[Kunthi|Dewi Kunthi]] lan [[Pandhu|Prabu Pandhu]] ratu ing Ngastina. Nanging yen manut layang [[Mahabharata]], Permadi (Arjuna) putrane Dewi Kunthi lan [[Bathara Indra]]. Yen dipikir, crita wayang iku mbingungake. Nanging kabeh mau kanggo njumbuhake karo budayane wong Jawa. Mula bab-bab sing ora salaras karo kapribadene wong Jawa, kayata wong wadon duwe bojo luwih saka siji (poliandri), diilangi utawa dibusak. Awit kang mangkono mau bakal ngasorake drajading wanita. Sapa sing gelem wanita dijuluki sundel utawa ana sing luwih kasar maneh. Yen jaman saiki diarani PSK. Ya iki pintere para Wali kang nggunakake wayang minangka piranti dakwah agama Islam nalika samana. Paraga iki kerep metu ing pagelaran wayang purwa. Ing lakon Bale Sigala-gala, Permadi didhawuhi Dewi Kunthi nggolekake pangan kanggo [[Nakula|Pinten]] (Nakula) lan [[Sadéwa|Tangsen]] (Sadewa) kang nedheng kaluwen ing tengahing alas. Permadi ketemu wong wadon ayu bojone [[Demang Sagotra]] kang pinuju njupuk banyu ing sendhang nganggo klenthing. Wong wadon mau dijawil pundhake saka mburi, niyate arep takon. Wong wadon iku malah mlayu keweden, dikira Permadi arep tumindak kurangajar. Tekan omah, ngekep bojone karo wadul yen ana wong lanang sing nedya kurangajar marang dheweke. Kalodhangan iku digunakake Sagotra kanggo necep maduning asmara sing sasuwene rabi durung kasil mrawani bojone, awit durung atut rumahtanggane. Sawise iku, Sagotra nemoni Permadi. Ora nesu, nanging malah matur nuwun banget dene pakartine Permadi bisa dadi jalaran atute karo bojone. Minangka piwalese budi, Permadi dicaosi dhaharan kang mirasa lan unjukan dening Sagotra. Ing lakon Babad Alas Mrentani, Arjuna nggarwa [[Dewi Jimambang]] (Jemambang), putrane [[Begawan Wilwuk]] (Wilawuk). Supaya bisa ngluwari kadange kang ditawan para jim kang nguwasani alas Mrentani, Permadi diparingi Lenga Jayengkaton dening Begawan Wilwuk, kang dayane bisa nyumurupi bangsane jim setan, makhluk kang ora kasat ing netra. Ing lakon [[Karna|Suryatmaja]] Maling, Permadi didakwa nggebang [[Dewi Surtikanthi]] dening [[Salya|Prabu Salya]], awit Prabu Salya nate mergoki yen priya sing sapetemon karo Dewi Surtikanthi, wujude memper Permadi. Mula yen dudu Permadi banjur sapa? Yen dudu wong kendel lan digdaya, sengara wani manjing taman Mandaraka. Kanggo ngresiki jenenge, Permadi saguh nyekel maling aguna sing wujude memper dheweke. Klakon manggihake satriya sing manjing taman, sing ora liya Suryatmaja. Pancen sakeplasan wujude pindha jambe sinigar. Sigra dumadi perang tandhing. Suryatmaja kalah prigel nggunakake keris, satemah kasorog pilingane tengen. Suryatmaja ambruk. Sigra kacandhak nedya ditigas janggane. Dumadakan saka dirgantara cumlorot [[Bathara Narada]] paring katrangan yen Suryatmaja iku kadange tuwa Permadi. Tunggal ibu seje rama. Permadi kadhawuhan nyengkuyung dhaupe Suryatmaja lan Dewi Surtikanthi. Wusana awit pambiyantune Permadi, Suryatmaja bisa nggarwa Dewi Surtikanthi. == Wateké Arjuna == [[Wayang]] saged dados sarana nggambaraken watak lan karakter [[manungsa]]. Ing cariyos Mahabharata, wonten tokoh wayang ingkang gadhah sipat ingkang ala lan becik. Ingkang becik inggih punika golongan Pandhawa, lan ingkang ala inggih punika golongan Kurawa. Tokoh Pandhawa punika [[Yudhistira]], [[Bima]], Arjuna, [[Nakula]] lan [[Sahadéwa]]. Nanging Pandhawa ugi gadhah sipat ingkang kir ang becik, kados ta Arjuna. Arjuna punika putranipun Prabu Pandhu kaliyan Dewi Kunthi, lairipun Arjuna punika kanthi mantra Adityahreda. Lajeng Arjuna lan sederekipun merguru kaliyan [[Drona]]. Kasilipun merguru kaliyan Drona punika Arjuna dados satriya ingkang pinter manah lan gadhah sipat ingkang tansah asih, remen tetulung, mancalaputra mancala putri sekti tanpa [[aji-aji]], nglurug tanpa bala. Arjuna ugi nggadehi sipat satriya lan nepati janji, mula Arjuna naté ngukum diri ngantos 10 taun wonten ing alas. awit saking sipat satriyanipun Arjuna dipunsebat Lelananging Jagad. Nanging, piyambakipun ugi gadhah sipat ingkang boten becik. Upaminipun inggih punika nalika Arjuna iri kaliyan [[Ekalaya]] ingkang langkung pinter anggènipun manah. Arjuna ugi asring ngagungaken dhiri. == Lelanang ing Jagad == Garwané Arjuna pirang-pirang, kabèh putri éndahing warna (ayu-ayu). Ana anak ratu, anak pandhita, anak déwa, anak taksaka (ula), lan sapituruté. Putrané uga pirang-pirang turta bagus-bagus, umpamané: * [[Dèwi Sumbadra]], peputra [[Abimanyu]] * [[Larasati|Dèwi Larasati]]/Rarasati, peputra [[Sumitra]] lan Brantalaras. * [[Dèwi Srikandhi]]. * [[Ulupi|Dèwi Ulupi]]/Palupi, peputra [[Irawan]] * [[Dèwi Jimambang]], anaké Begawan Wilwuk.\/Wilawuk ing pertapan Pringcendhani peputra [[Kumaladéwa]] lan [[Kumalasekti]]. * [[Dèwi Manuhara]], anaké Begawan Sidanggana ing Andhongsekhar peputra [[Pregiwa]] lan [[Pregiwati]] * [[Dèwi Dresanala]],putrané Bathara Brama, peputra [[Wisanggeni]]. * Dèwi Wilutama, peputra Bambang Wilugangga. * Bathari Supraba, putriné Bathara Indra, peputra Bambang Prabakusuma. * Dèwi Ratri (atmajané Prabu [[Yudhistira]] ing nagara Mertani), peputra Bambang Wijanarka. Ana salah sijining wanita kang ditresnani Arjuna nanging malah dadi garwané wayang liya, yaiku [[Banowati]]. Nanging sawisé rampung [[Bharatayudha]], Banowati bisa dadi siji karo Arjuna, ora kétung mung sewengi. Satemené bojo (garwa) lan anak akèh iku minangka gegambaran yèn Arjuna dhemen gawé lelabuhan becik (kang dipralambangaké kadidéné putri sulistya). Mula undhuh-undhuhané uga kabecikan kang akèh (dipralambangaké anaké pirang-pirang bagus-bagus lan ayu-ayu). Yèn kang ditindakaké iku pakarti ala, asilé mesthi uga ala. Arjuna wis naté bangunaké tapa lan madeg pendhita ing Gua Mintaraga kang dumunung ing puncaké gunung Indrakila, kanthi peparab Begawan Ciptaning iya Mintaraga. Arjuna uga tau dadi ratu ing kahyangan Tinjomaya (ngratoni para widodara-widodari) suwéné 7 dina, kanthi jejaluk Prabu Karitin/Kariti iya Wilikithi. Anggoné jumeneng nata ing Tenjomaya amarga Arjuna wis gawé lelabuhan becik marang para déwa kanthi nyirnakaké kraman kang ngrabasa ing kahyangan yaiku Prabu Niwatakawaca, ratu buta saka nagara Manik Ima-Imantaka.peputra == Aji-aji == Arjuna iku ndarbèni enem aji-aji, yaiku: * Palimunan/panglimunan = bisa ngilang. * Tunggengmaya = bisa gawé banyu. * Sepiangin = bisa lumaku tanpa napak lemah banteré pindha angin. * Mlayabumi = bisa ngalahaké mungsuh. * Pengasihan/sempaliputri = disenengi wong akèh. * Asmaragama/kamasutra = ngèlmu saresmi. == Gaman == * Pecut Kyai Pamuk * Panah Pasopati * Panah Harya Sangkali * Panah Ardhadehali/Hrudhadhedali * Ali-ali Mustika Ampal * Trompet Dewadata * Keris Pulanggeni * Brahmasira/Agniyastra * Panah Merdaging * Panah Mercujiwa * Sarotama * Keris Kyai Kalanadhah * Busur Kyai Gendhewa == Pungkasan Carita == Ing Bharatayudha, Arjuna perang tandhing mungsuh Adipati Karna. Abot rasané ati, amarga dhèwèké adu arep karo sadulur tuwa nunggal ibu séjé bapa. Nanging rasa mangu-mangu iki bisa diilangaké déning Prabu Bathara Kresna. Arjuna banjur maju ing palagan tandhing lawan seduluré kang diajeni. Wusanané Adipati Karna palastra ana sajeroning paprangan. Ing perang bharatayuda uga, Arjuna kèlangan kabèh putra-putrané. Nanging putuné, [[Parikesit]], dadi raja ing [[Astina]]. Sawisé perang, Arjuna pindhah dadi raja ing Bawanakeling, kang mauné dadi kratoné [[Jayadrata]]. Ing bubaran perang uga, kabèh bojoné dipatèni [[Aswatama]]. Uripé Arjuna rampung bareng karo Pandhawa liyané munggah menyang kahyangan laku liwat [[Himalaya]]. == Wandané wayang == Wandané wayang Arjuna ana lima, yaiku wanda Jimat (anggitané Panembahan Senopati lan Sultan Agung Hanyakrakusuma),wanda Kanyut, wanda Kinanthi, lan wanda Malat. Yèn wayang Arjuna gagrak Yogyakarta wandané ana telu, yaiku wanda Janggleng (rai lan awak kuning/prada) kanggo adegan paseban, sedhih; wanda Yudhasmara (sunggingan rai lan awak kuning, kanggo adegan roman (percintaan); lan wanda Kinanthi (sunggingan rai ireng awak kuning kanggo adegan sawisé metu saka kedhaton utawa kanggo perang). == Deleng uga == * [[Pratélan paraga wayang]] == Pranala njaba == * [http://www.bausastra.com/main/index.php?do=view&id=23 Arjuna ing Bausastra Javanese Dictionary] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110213045303/http://www.bausastra.com/main/index.php?do=view&id=23 |date=2011-02-13 }} (bausastra.com) {{Tokoh Mahabharata}} [[Kategori:Paraga wayang]] [[Kategori:Pandhawa]] [[Kategori:Paraga Mahabharata]] qe4j33wch3re2srtssn1jbdkgiefukh Pratélaning anasir miturut arané 0 23175 1751920 1648199 2026-07-29T17:52:15Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1751920 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pratélan [[unsur kimia]]''' ing ngisor iki , diurutaké dhedhasar jeneng, lan warna nuduhaké jinis unsur. Ana ing saben unsur nyakup: [[lambang unsur]], [[nomer atom]], [[massa atom]] utawa [[isotop]] kang paling stabil, sarta golongan lan nomer période sajeroning [[tabèl périodik]]. {{element color legend}} {|border="2" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse;" |-bgcolor="#efefef" !width="150"|[[Pratélan unsur miturut jeneng|Jeneng]] !width="75"|[[Pratélan unsur miturut lambang|Lambang]] !width="75"|[[Pratélan unsur miturut nomer atom|Nomer atom]] !width="110"|[[Pratélan unsur miturut massa atom|Massa atom]] !width="50"|Golongan !width="50"|Période |-style="background-color:#ff99cc" |[[Aktinium]]||Ac||89||[227]{{fn|1}}||&nbsp;||7 |-style="background-color:#cccccc" |[[Alumuniyum]]||Al||13||26,9815386(8)||13||3 |-style="background-color:#ff99cc" |[[Amerisium]]||Am||95||[243]{{fn|1}}||&nbsp;||7 |-style="background-color:#cccc99" |id="Antimon"|[[Antimon]] (Stibium)||Sb||51||121,760(1){{fn|2}}||15||5 |- |Argentum—''pirsani [[#Perak|Pérak]]''||Ag |-style="background-color:#c0ffff" |[[Argon]]||Ar||18||39,948(1){{fn|2}} {{fn|4}}||18||3 |-style="background-color:#cccc99" |[[Arsènik]]||As||33||74,92160(2)||15||4 |-style="background-color:#ffff99" |[[Astatin]]||At||85||[210]{{fn|1}}||17||6 |- |Aurum—''pirsani [[#Emas|Emas]]''||Au |-style="background-color:#ffdead" |[[Barium]]||Ba||56||137,327(7)||2||6 |-style="background-color:#ffdead" |[[Bèriliyum]]||Be||4||9,012182(3)||2||2 |-style="background-color:#ff99cc" |[[Berkelium]]||Bk||97||[247]{{fn|1}}||&nbsp;||7 |-style="background-color:#cccccc" |[[Bismut]]||Bi||83||208,98040(1)||15||6 |-style="background-color:#ffc0c0" |[[Bohrium]]||Bh||107||[264]{{fn|1}}||7||7 |-style="background-color:#cccc99" |[[Boron]]||B||5||10,811(7){{fn|2}} {{fn|3}} {{fn|4}}||13||2 |-style="background-color:#ffff99" |[[Brom]]||Br||35||79,904(1)||17||4 |- |Cuprum—''pirsani [[#Tembaga|Tembaga]]''||Cu |-style="background-color:#ffc0c0" |[[Darmstadtium]]||Ds||110||[271]{{fn|1}}||10||7 |-style="background-color:#ffbfff" |[[Disprosium]]||Dy||66||162,500(1){{fn|2}}||&nbsp;||6 |-style="background-color:#ffc0c0" |[[Dubnium]]||Db||105||[262]{{fn|1}}||5||7 |-style="background-color:#ff99cc" |[[Einsteinium]]||Es||99||[252]{{fn|1}}||&nbsp;||7 |-style="background-color:#ffc0c0" |id="Emas"|[[Emas]] (Aurum)||Au||79||196,966569(4)||11||6 |-style="background-color:#ffbfff" |[[Erbium]]||Er||68||167,259(3){{fn|2}}||&nbsp;||6 |-style="background-color:#ffbfff" |[[Europium]]||Eu||63||151,964(1){{fn|2}}||&nbsp;||6 |-style="background-color:#ff99cc" |[[Fermium]]||Fm||100||[257]{{fn|1}}||&nbsp;||7 |- |Ferrum—''pirsani [[#Wesi|Wesi]]''||Fe |-style="background-color:#cccccc" |[[Flerovium]]||Fl||114||[289]{{fn|1}}||14||7 |-style="background-color:#ffff99" |[[Fluor]]||F||9||18,9984032(5)||17||2 |-style="background-color:#a0ffa0" |[[Fosfor]]||P||15||30,973762(2)||15||3 |-style="background-color:#ff6666" |[[Fransium]]||Fr||87||[223]{{fn|1}}||1||7 |-style="background-color:#ffbfff" |[[Gadolinium]]||Gd||64||157,25(3){{fn|2}}||&nbsp;||6 |-style="background-color:#cccccc" |[[Galiyum]]||Ga||31||69,723(1)||13||4 |-style="background-color:#cccc99" |[[Germaniyum]]||Ge||32||72,64(1)||14||4 |-style="background-color:#ffc0c0" |[[Hafnium]]||Hf||72||178,49(2)||4||6 |-style="background-color:#ffc0c0" |[[Hassium]]||Hs||108||[277]{{fn|1}}||8||7 |-style="background-color:#c0ffff" |[[Hèliyum]]||He||2||4,002602(2){{fn|2}} {{fn|4}}||18||1 |-style="background-color:#a0ffa0" |[[Hidrogen]]||H||1||1,00794(7){{fn|2}} {{fn|3}} {{fn|4}}||1||1 |-style="background-color:#ffbfff" |[[Holmium]]||Ho||67||164,930 32(2)||&nbsp;||6 |- |Hydrargyrum—''pirsani [[#Raksa|Raksa]]''||Hg |-style="background-color:#cccccc" |[[Indium]]||In||49||114,818(3)||13||5 |- |Iodine—''pirsani [[#Yodium|Yodium]]''||I |-style="background-color:#ffff99" |[[Iridium]]||Ir||77||192,217(3)||9||6 |-style="background-color:#ffbfff" |[[Iterbium]]||Yb||70||173,04(3){{fn|2}}||&nbsp;||6 |-style="background-color:#ffc0c0" |[[Itrium]]||Y||39||88,90585(2)||3||5 |-style="background-color:#ffc0c0" |[[Kadmium]]||Cd||48||112,411(8){{fn|2}}||12||5 |-style="background-color:#ff99cc" |[[Kalifornium]]||Cf||98||[251]{{fn|1}}||&nbsp;||7 |-style="background-color:#ff6666" |id="Kalium"|[[Kaliyum]]||K||19||39,0983(1)||1||4 |-style="background-color:#ffdead" |[[Kalsium]]||Ca||20||40,078(4){{fn|2}}||2||4 |-style="background-color:#a0ffa0" |[[Karbon]]||C||6||12,0107(8){{fn|2}} {{fn|4}}||14||2 |-style="background-color:#ffff99" |[[Klor]]||Cl||17||35,453(2){{fn|2}} {{fn|3}} {{fn|4}}||17||3 |-style="background-color:#ffc0c0" |[[Kobalt]]||Co||27||58,933195(5)||9||4 |-style="background-color:#ffc0c0" |[[Kopernisium]]||Cn||112||[285]{{fn|1}}||12||7 |-style="background-color:#c0ffff" |[[Kripton]]||Kr||36||83,798(2){{fn|2}} {{fn|3}}||18||4 |-style="background-color:#ffc0c0" |[[Kromiyum]]||Cr||24||51,9961(6)||6||4 |-style="background-color:#ff99cc" |[[Kurium]]||Cm||96||[247]{{fn|1}}||&nbsp;||7 |-style="background-color:#ffbfff" |[[Lantanum]]||La||57||138,90547(7){{fn|2}}||&nbsp;||6 |-style="background-color:#ff99cc" |[[Lawrensium]]||Lr||103||[262]{{fn|1}}||3||7 |-style="background-color:#ff6666" |[[Litiyum]]||Li||3||6,941(2){{fn|2}} {{fn|3}} {{fn|4}} {{fn|5}}||1||2 |-style="background-color:#cccccc" |[[Livermorium]]||Lv||116||[292]{{fn|1}}||16||7 |-style="background-color:#ffbfff" |[[Lutetium]]||Lu||71||174,967(1){{fn|2}}||3||6 |-style="background-color:#ffdead" |[[Magnèsiyum]]||Mg||12||24,3050(6)||2||3 |-style="background-color:#ffc0c0" |[[Mangan]]||Mn||25||54,938045(5)||7||4 |-style="background-color:#ffc0c0" |[[Meitnerium]]||Mt||109||[268]{{fn|1}}||9||7 |-style="background-color:#ff99cc" |[[Mendelevium]]||Md||101||[258]{{fn|1}}||&nbsp;||7 |-style="background-color:#ffc0c0" |[[Molibdènum]]||Mo||42||95,94(2){{fn|2}}||6||5 |-style="background-color:#cccccc" |[[Moskovium]]||Mc||115||[288]{{fn|1}}||15||7 |-style="background-color:#ff6666" |id="Natrium"|[[Natriyum]]||Na||11||22,98976928(2)||1||3 |-style="background-color:#ffbfff" |[[Neodimium]]||Nd||60||144,242(3){{fn|2}}||&nbsp;||6 |-style="background-color:#c0ffff" |[[Néon]]||Ne||10||20,1797(6){{fn|2}} {{fn|3}}||18||2 |-style="background-color:#ff99cc" |[[Neptunium]]||Np||93||[237]{{fn|1}}||&nbsp;||7 |-style="background-color:#cccccc" |[[Nihonium]]||Nh||113||[284]{{fn|1}}||13||7 |-style="background-color:#ffc0c0" |[[Nikel]]||Ni||28||58,6934(2)||10||4 |-style="background-color:#ffc0c0" |[[Niobium]]||Nb||41||92,906 38(2)||5||5 |-style="background-color:#a0ffa0" |[[Nitrogen]]||N||7||14,0067(2){{fn|2}} {{fn|4}}||15||2 |-style="background-color:#ff99cc" |[[Nobelium]]||No||102||[259]{{fn|1}}||&nbsp;||7 |-style="background-color:#c0ffff" |[[Oganesson]]||Og||118||[294]{{fn|1}}||18||7 |-style="background-color:#a0ffa0" |[[Oksigèn]]||O||8||15,9994(3){{fn|2}} {{fn|4}}||16||2 |-style="background-color:#ffc0c0" |[[Osmium]]||Os||76||190,23(3){{fn|2}}||8||6 |-style="background-color:#ffc0c0" |[[Paladhiyum]]||Pd||46||106,42(1){{fn|2}}||10||5 |-style="background-color:#ffc0c0" |id="Perak"|[[Pérak]] (Argentum)||Ag||47||107,8682(2){{fn|2}}||11||5 |-style="background-color:#ffc0c0" |[[Platina]]||Pt||78||195,084(9)||10||6 |- |Plumbum—''pirsani [[#Timbal|Timbal]]''||Pb |-style="background-color:#ff99cc" |[[Plutonium]]||Pu||94||[244]{{fn|1}}||&nbsp;||7 |-style="background-color:#cccc99" |[[Polonium]]||Po||84||[210]{{fn|1}}||16||6 |- |Potasium—''pirsani [[#Kalium|Kaliyum]]''||K |-style="background-color:#ffbfff" |[[Praseodimium]]||Pr||59||140,90765(2)||&nbsp;||6 |-style="background-color:#ffbfff" |[[Prometium]]||Pm||61||[145]{{fn|1}}||&nbsp;||6 |-style="background-color:#ff99cc" |[[Protaktinium]]||Pa||91||231,03588(2){{fn|1}}||&nbsp;||7 |-style="background-color:#ffdead" |[[Radium]]||Ra||88||[226]{{fn|1}}||2||7 |-style="background-color:#c0ffff" |[[Radon]]||Rn||86||[220]{{fn|1}}||18||6 |-style="background-color:#ffc0c0" |id="Raksa"|[[Raksa]] (Hydrargyrum)||Hg||80||200,59(2)||12||6 |-style="background-color:#ffc0c0" |[[Rhenium]]||Re||75||186,207(1)||7||6 |-style="background-color:#ffc0c0" |[[Rodhiyum]]||Rh||45||102,905 50(2)||9||5 |-style="background-color:#ffc0c0" |[[Roentgenium]]||Rg||111||[272]{{fn|1}}||11||7 |-style="background-color:#ff6666" |[[Rubidium]]||Rb||37||85,4678(3){{fn|2}}||1||5 |-style="background-color:#ffc0c0" |[[Rutèniyum]]||Ru||44||101,07(2){{fn|2}}||8||5 |-style="background-color:#ffc0c0" |[[Rutherfordium]]||Rf||104||261{{fn|1}}||4||7 |-style="background-color:#ffbfff" |[[Samarium]]||Sm||62||150,36(2){{fn|2}}||&nbsp;||6 |-style="background-color:#ffc0c0" |[[Sirkon (Zirkon|Sirkon]]||Zr||40||91,224(2){{fn|2}}||4||5 |-style="background-color:#ffc0c0" |[[Seaborgium]]||Sg||106||[266]{{fn|1}}||6||7 |-style="background-color:#a0ffa0" |[[Sèlèniyum]]||Se||34||78,96(3){{fn|4}}||16||4 |-style="background-color:#ffc0c0" |id="Seng"|[[Sèng]]||Zn||30||65,409(4)||12||4 |-style="background-color:#c0ffff" |[[Sénon]]||Xe||54||131,293(6){{fn|2}} {{fn|3}}||18||5 |-style="background-color:#ffbfff" |[[Serium]]||Ce||58||140,116(1){{fn|2}}||&nbsp;||6 |-style="background-color:#ff6666" |id="Sesium"|[[Sésium]]||Cs||55||132,9054519(2)||1||6 |-style="background-color:#cccc99" |[[Silikon]]||Si||14||28,0855(3){{fn|4}}||14||3 |-style="background-color:#ffc0c0" |[[Skandiyum]]||Sc||21||44,955912(6)||3||4 |- |Sodium—''pirsani [[#Natrium|Natriyum]]''||Na |- |Stannum—''pirsani [[#Timah|Timah]]''||Sn |- |Stibium—''pirsani [[#Antimon|Antimon]]''||Sb |-style="background-color:#ffdead" |[[Stronsiyum]]||Sr||38||87,62(1){{fn|2}} {{fn|4}}||2||5 |-style="background-color:#cccccc" |[[Talium]]||Tl||81||204,3833(2)||13||6 |-style="background-color:#ffc0c0" |[[Tantalum]]||Ta||73||180,94788(2)||5||6 |-style="background-color:#ffc0c0" |[[Teknesium]]||Tc||43||[98]{{fn|1}}||7||5 |-style="background-color:#cccc99" |[[Telurium]]||Te||52||127,60(3){{fn|2}}||16||5 |-style="background-color:#ffc0c0" |id="Tembaga"|[[Tembaga]] (Cuprum)||Cu||29||63,546(3){{fn|4}}||11||4 |-style="background-color:#ffff99" |[[Tennessin]]||Ts||117||[294]{{fn|1}}||18||8 |-style="background-color:#ffbfff" |[[Terbium]]||Tb||65||158,92535(2)||&nbsp;||6 |-style="background-color:#cccccc" |id="Timah"|[[Timah]] (Stannum)||Sn||50||118,710(7){{fn|2}}||14||5 |-style="background-color:#cccccc" |id="Timbal"|[[Timbal]] (Plumbum)||Pb||82||207,2(1){{fn|2}} {{fn|4}}||14||6 |-style="background-color:#ffc0c0" |[[Titaniyum]]||Ti||22||47,867(1)||4||4 |-style="background-color:#ff99cc" |[[Torium]]||Th||90||232,03806(2){{fn|1}} {{fn|2}}||&nbsp;||7 |-style="background-color:#ffbfff" |[[Tulium]]||Tm||69||168,93421(2)||&nbsp;||6 |-style="background-color:#ff99cc" |[[Uranium]]||U||92||238,02891(3){{fn|1}} {{fn|2}} {{fn|3}}||&nbsp;||7 |-style="background-color:#ffc0c0" |[[Vanadiyum]]||V||23||50,9415(1)||5||4 |-style="background-color:#ffc0c0" |id="Wesi"|[[Wesi]] (Ferrum)||Fe||26||55,845(2)||8||4 |-style="background-color:#a0ffa0" |[[Wlirang]]||S||16||32,065(5){{fn|2}} {{fn|4}}||16||3 |-style="background-color:#ffc0c0" |id="Wolfram"|Wolfram||W||74||183,84(1)||6||6 |-style="background-color:#ffc0c0" |id="Yodium"|[[Yodium]]||I||53||126,904 47(3)||17||5 |- |Zinc—''pirsani [[#Seng|Sèng]]''||Zn |} {{element color legend}} == Tabèl périodik == {{Tabèl périodik unsur kimia}} == Cathetan == * {{fnb|1}} Unsur iki ora duwé inti stabil. Aji sajeroning tandha kurung kothak, upamané [209], nuduhaké nomer massa isotop kanthi wektu urip paling dawa unsur mau. Nanging ana telu unsur (Torium, Protaktinium, lan Uranium) kang duwé ciri-ciri "terrestrial isotopic composition", saéngga kang dituduhaké ya iku massa atomé. * {{fnb|2}} Komposisi isotopik unsur iki duwé variasi sajeroning sawatara spésimèn geologis, lan variasiné mbokmanawa ngluwihi apa kang dituduhaké sajeroning tabel iki. * {{fnb|3}} Komposisi isotopik unsur iki bisa duwé variasi sajeroning materi komersial, kang bisa njalari berat atom nyimpang kanthi signifikan saka aji kang dituduhaké sajeroning tabel iki. * {{fnb|4}} Komposisi isotopik duwé variasi ing materi ''terrestrial'', saéngga berat atom kang luwih persis ora bisa diwènèhaké. * {{fnb|5}} Berat atom Litium komersial bisa duwé variasi antara 6,939 lan 6,996—analisis materi kanthi spesifik diperlakaké kanggo nemu aji kang luwih akurat. == Réferènsi == * Atomic Weights of the Elements 2001, [http://www.iupac.org/publications/pac/2003/7508/7508x1107.html Pure Appl. Chem. 75(8), 1107-1122, 2003]. Retrieved [[June 30]], [[2005]]. Berat atom dengan nomer atom 1-109 diambil dari sumber ini. * [http://www.iupac.org/news/archives/2005/atomic-weights_revised05.html IUPAC Standard Atomic Weights Revised] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080305062433/http://www.iupac.org/news/archives/2005/atomic-weights_revised05.html |date=2008-03-05 }} (2005). * [http://www.webelements.com/ WebElements Periodic Table] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140104110225/http://webelements.com/ |date=2014-01-04 }}. Retrieved [[June 30]], [[2005]]. Berat atom dengan nomer atom 110-116 diambil dari sumber ini. == Uga delengen == * [[Unsur kimia kang asalé saka jeneng wong]] * [[Unsur kimia kang asalé saka jeneng panggonan]] * [[Pratélan etimologi jeneng unsur kimia]] {{PeriodicTablesFooter}} [[Kategori:Pratélan mawa topik kimia]] [[Kategori:Unsur kimia|*]] [[en:List of elements by name]] [[fr:Liste des éléments]] [[hu:Kémiai elemek listája betűrendben]] [[ko:이름 순 원소 목록]] [[ml:മൂലകങ്ങളുടെ പട്ടിക (നാമക്രമത്തില്‍)]] [[th:รายชื่อธาตุเคมีเรียงตามชื่อ]] [[zh:元素名称列表]] mriw3666ut75gquni46r70dngc2pa9t Pratélaning anasir kimiah 0 23179 1751919 1648198 2026-07-29T17:51:53Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1751919 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pratélan [[unsur kimia]]''' ing ngisor iki disusun dhedhasar [[nomer atom]] lan kodhe warna miturut tipe unsur. Saben unsur ditampilaké informasi ngenani jeneng unsur, [[lambang unsur]], [[golongan]] lan [[Période tabèl périodik|période]], [[massa atom]] (utawa [[isotop]] kang paling stabil), [[massa jinis]], [[titik lebur]], [[titik umob]] lan penemuné. {{element color legend}} {|class="wikitable" |-bgcolor="#efefef" |-{{highlight1}} ![[Pratélan unsur dhedhasar nomer atom|No.<br />atom]] ![[Pratélan unsur dhedhasar jeneng|Jeneng]] ![[Pratélan unsur dhedhasar lambang unsur|Lambang]] !Periode,<br />Golongan !Massa<br />([[gram|g]]/[[Mol]]) !Massa jinis<br />(g/[[sentimeter kubik|cm³]])<br />padha&nbsp;20°[[Celsius|C]] !Titik<br />lebur&nbsp;<br />(°C) !Titik<br />umob&nbsp;<br />(°C) !Taun<br />panemuan !Penemu |-style="background-color:#a0ffa0" |1||[[Hidrogen]]||H||1; 1||1,00794(7){{fn|2}} {{fn|3}} {{fn|4}}||0,084 g/l||-259,1||-252,9||1766||[[Henry Cavendish|Cavendish]] |-style="background-color:#c0ffff" |2||[[Hèliyum]]||He||1; 18||4,002602(2){{fn|2}} {{fn|4}}||0,17 g/l||-272,2||-268,9||1895||[[William Ramsay|Ramsay]] dan [[Per Teodor Cleve|Cleve]] |-style="background-color:#ff6666" |3||[[Litiyum]]||Li||2; 1||6,941(2){{fn|2}} {{fn|3}} {{fn|4}} {{fn|5}}||0,53||180,5||1317||1817||[[Johan August Arfwedson|Arfwedson]] |-style="background-color:#ffdead" |4||[[Bèriliyum]]||Be||2; 2||9,012182(3)||1,85||1278||2970||1797||[[Louis Nicolas Vauquelin|Vauquelin]] |-style="background-color:#cccc99" |5||[[Boron]]||B||2; 13||10,811(7){{fn|2}} {{fn|3}} {{fn|4}}||2,46||2300||2550||1808||[[Humphry Davy|Davy]] dan [[Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac|Gay-Lussac]] |-style="background-color:#a0ffa0" |6||[[Karbon]]||C||2; 14||12,0107(8){{fn|2}} {{fn|4}}||3,51||3550||4827||prasajarah||ora dikawruhi |-style="background-color:#a0ffa0" |7||[[Nitrogen]]||N||2; 15||14,0067(2){{fn|2}} {{fn|4}}||1,17 g/l||-209,9||-195,8||1772||[[Daniel Rutherford|Rutherford]] |-style="background-color:#a0ffa0" |8||[[Oksigèn]]||O||2; 16||15,9994(3){{fn|2}} {{fn|4}}||1,33 g/l||-218,4||-182,9||1774||[[Joseph Priestly|Priestly]] lan [[Carl Wilhelm Scheele|Scheele]] |-style="background-color:#ffff99" |9||[[Fluor]]||F||2; 17||18,9984032(5)||1,58 g/l||-219,6||-188,1||1886||[[Henri Moissan|Moissan]] |-style bgcolor="#c0ffff" |10||[[Néon]]||Ne||2; 18||20,1797(6){{fn|2}} {{fn|3}}||0,84 g/l||-248,7||-246,1||1898||[[William Ramsay|Ramsay]] lan [[Morris Travers|Travers]] |-style="background-color:#ff6666" |11||[[Natriyum]]||Na||3; 1||22,98976928(2)||0,97||97,8||892||1807||[[Humphry Davy|Davy]] |-style="background-color:#ffdead" |12||[[Magnèsiyum]]||Mg||3; 2||24,3050(6)||1,74||648,8||1107||1755||[[Joseph Black|Black]] |-style="background-color:#cccccc" |13||[[Alumuniyum]]||Al||3; 13||26,9815386(8)||2,70||660,5||2467||1825||[[Hans Christian Oersted|Oersted]] |-style="background-color:#cccc99" |14||[[Silikon]]||Si||3; 14||28,0855(3){{fn|4}}||2,33||1410||2355||1824||[[Jöns Jakob Berzelius|Berzelius]] |-style="background-color:#a0ffa0" |15||[[Fosfor]]||P||3; 15||30,973762(2)||1,82||44 (P4)||280&nbsp;(P4)||1669||[[Henning Brand|Brand]] |-style="background-color:#a0ffa0" |16||[[Wlirang]]||S||3; 16||32,065(5){{fn|2}} {{fn|4}}||2,06||113||444,7||prasajarah||tak diketahui |-style="background-color:#ffff99" |17||[[Klor]]||Cl||3; 17||35,453(2){{fn|2}} {{fn|3}} {{fn|4}}||2,95 g/l||-34,6||-101||1774||[[Carl Wilhelm Scheele|Scheele]] |-style="background-color:#c0ffff" |18||[[Argon]]||Ar||3; 18||39,948(1){{fn|2}} {{fn|4}}||1,66 g/l||-189,4||-185,9||1894||[[William Ramsay|Ramsay]] lan [[John Strutt; 3rd Baron Rayleigh|Rayleigh]] |-style="background-color:#ff6666" |19||[[Kaliyum]]||K||4; 1||39,0983(1)||0,86||63,7||774||1807||[[Humphry Davy|Davy]] |-style="background-color:#ffdead" |20||[[Kalsium]]||Ca||4; 2||40,078(4){{fn|2}}||1,54||839||1487||1808||[[Humphry Davy|Davy]] |-style="background-color:#ffc0c0" |21||[[Skandiyum]]||Sc||4; 3||44,955912(6)||2,99||1539||2832||1879||[[Lars Fredrick Nilson|Nilson]] |-style="background-color:#ffc0c0" |22||[[Titaniyum]]||Ti||4; 4||47,867(1)||4,51||1660||3260||1791||[[William Gregor|Gregor]] dan [[Martin Heinrich Klaproth|Klaproth]] |-style="background-color:#ffc0c0" |23||[[Vanadiyum]]||V||4; 5||50,9415(1)||6,09||1890||3380||1801||[[Andrés Manuel del Río|del Río]] |-style="background-color:#ffc0c0" |24||[[Krom]]||Cr||4; 6||51,9961(6)||7,14||1857||2482||1797||[[Louis Nicolas Vauquelin|Vauquelin]] |-style="background-color:#ffc0c0" |25||[[Mangan]]||Mn||4; 7||54,938045(5)||7,44||1244||2097||1774||[[Johan Gottlieb Gahn|Gahn]] |-style="background-color:#ffc0c0" |26||[[Wesi]]||Fe||4; 8||55,845(2)||7,87||1535||2750||prasajarah||ora dikawruhi |-style="background-color:#ffc0c0" |27||[[Kobalt]]||Co||4; 9||58,933195(5)||8,89||1495||2870||1735||[[Georg Brandt|Brandt]] |-style="background-color:#ffc0c0" |28||[[Nikel]]||Ni||4; 10||58,6934(2)||8,91||1453||2732||1751||[[Axel Fredrik Cronstedt|Cronstedt]] |-style="background-color:#ffc0c0" |29||[[Tembaga]]||Cu||4; 11||63,546(3){{fn|4}}||8,92||1083,5||2595||prasajarah||ora dikawruhi |-style="background-color:#ffc0c0" |30||[[Sèng]]||Zn||4; 12||65,409(4)||7,14||419,6||907||prasajarah||ora dikawruhi |-style="background-color:#cccccc" |31||[[Galiyum]]||Ga||4; 13||69,723(1)||5,91||29,8||2403||1875||[[Paul Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran|Lecoq de Boisbaudran]] |-style="background-color:#cccc99" |32||[[Germaniyum]]||Ge||4; 14||72,64(1)||5,32||937,4||2830||1886||[[Clemens Winkler|Winkler]] |-style="background-color:#cccc99" |33||[[Arsènik]]||As||4; 15||74,92160(2)||5,72||613||613<br />([[sublimation (physics)|subl,]])||ca, 1250||[[Albertus Magnus]] |-style="background-color:#a0ffa0" |34||[[Sèlèniyum]]||Se||4; 16||78,96(3){{fn|4}}||4,82||217||685||1817||[[Jöns Jakob Berzelius|Berzelius]] |-style="background-color:#ffff99" |35||[[Brom]]||Br||4; 17||79,904(1)||3,14||-7,3||58,8||1826||[[Antoine Jérôme Balard|Balard]] |-style="background-color:#c0ffff" |36||[[Kripton]]||Kr||4; 18||83,798(2){{fn|2}} {{fn|3}}||3,48 g/l||-156,6||-152,3||1898||[[William Ramsay|Ramsay]] lan [[Morris Travers|Travers]] |-style="background-color:#ff6666" |37||[[Rubidiyum]]||Rb||5; 1||85,4678(3){{fn|2}}||1,53||39||688||1861||[[Robert Bunsen|Bunsen]] lan [[Gustav Robert Kirchhoff|Kirchhoff]] |-style="background-color:#ffdead" |38||[[Stronsiyum]]||Sr||5; 2||87,62(1){{fn|2}} {{fn|4}}||2,63||769||1384||1790||[[Adair Crawford|Crawford]] |-style="background-color:#ffc0c0" |39||[[Itrium]]||Y||5; 3||88,90585(2)||4,47||1523||3337||1794||[[Johan Gadolin|Gadolin]] |-style="background-color:#ffc0c0" |40||[[Sirkon (Zirkon)|Sirkon]]||Zr||5; 4||91,224(2){{fn|2}}||6,51||1852||4377||1789||[[Martin Heinrich Klaproth|Klaproth]] |-style="background-color:#ffc0c0" |41||[[Niobium]]||Nb||5; 5||92,906 38(2)||8,58||2468||4927||1801||[[Charles Hatchett|Hatchett]] |-style="background-color:#ffc0c0" |42||[[Molibdènum]]||Mo||5; 6||95,94(2){{fn|2}}||10,28||2617||5560||1778||[[Carl Wilhelm Scheele|Scheele]] |-style="background-color:#ffc0c0" |43||[[Teknesium]]||Tc||5; 7||[98,9063]{{fn|1}}||11,49||2172||5030||1937||[[Carlo Perrier|Perrier]] lan [[Emilio G, Segrè|Segrè]] |-style="background-color:#ffc0c0" |44||[[Rutèniyum]]||Ru||5; 8||101,07(2){{fn|2}}||12,45||2310||3900||1844||[[Karl Klaus|Klaus]] |-style="background-color:#ffc0c0" |45||[[Rodhiyum]]||Rh||5; 9||102,90550(2)||12,41||1966||3727||1803||[[William Hyde Wollaston|Wollaston]] |-style="background-color:#ffc0c0" |46||[[Paladhiyum]]||Pd||5; 10||106,42(1){{fn|2}}||12,02||1552||3140||1803||[[William Hyde Wollaston|Wollaston]] |-style="background-color:#ffc0c0" |47||[[Pérak]]||Ag||5; 11||107,8682(2){{fn|2}}||10,49||961,9||2212||prasajarah||ora dikawruhi |-style="background-color:#ffc0c0" |48||[[Kadmium]]||Cd||5; 12||112,411(8){{fn|2}}||8,64||321||765||1817||[[Friedrich Strohmeyer|Strohmeyer]] lan [[Karl Samuel Leberecht Hermann|Hermann]] |-style="background-color:#cccccc" |49||[[Indium]]||In||5; 13||114,818(3)||7,31||156,2||2080||1863||[[Ferdinand Reich|Reich]] lan [[Hieronymous Theodor Richter|Richter]] |-style="background-color:#cccccc" |50||[[Timah]]||Sn||5; 14||118,710(7){{fn|2}}||7,29||232||2270||prasajarah||ora dikawruhi |-style="background-color:#cccc99" |51||[[Antimon]]||Sb||5; 15||121,760(1){{fn|2}}||6,69||630,7||1750||prasajarah||ora dikawruhi |-style="background-color:#cccc99" |52||[[Telurium]]||Te||5; 16||127,60(3){{fn|2}}||6,25||449,6||990||1782||[[Franz-Joseph Müller von Reichenstein|von Reichenstein]] |-style="background-color:#ffff99" |53||[[Yodium]]||I||5; 17||126,90447(3)||4,94||113,5||184,4||1811||[[Bernard Courtois|Courtois]] |-style="background-color:#c0ffff" |54||[[Sénon]]||Xe||5; 18||131,293(6){{fn|2}} {{fn|3}}||4,49 g/l||-111,9||-107||1898||[[William Ramsay|Ramsay]] lan [[Morris Travers|Travers]] |-style="background-color:#ff6666" |55||[[Sésium]]||Cs||6; 1||132,9054519(2)||1,90||28,4||690||1860||[[Gustav Robert Kirchhoff|Kirchhoff]] lan [[Robert Bunsen|Bunsen]] |-style="background-color:#ffdead" |56||[[Barium]]||Ba||6; 2||137,327(7)||3,65||725||1640||1808||[[Humphry Davy|Davy]] |-style="background-color:#ffbfff" |57||[[Lantanum]]||La||6||138,90547(7){{fn|2}}||6,16||920||3454||1839||[[Carl Gustaf Mosander|Mosander]] |-style="background-color:#ffbfff" |58||[[Serium]]||Ce||6||140,116(1){{fn|2}}||6,77||798||3257||1803||[[Wilhelm von Hisinger|von Hisinger]] lan [[Jöns Jakob Berzelius|Berzelius]] |-style="background-color:#ffbfff" |59||[[Praseodimium]]||Pr||6||140,90765(2)||6,48||931||3212||1895||[[Carl Auer von Welsbach|von Welsbach]] |-style="background-color:#ffbfff" |60||[[Neodimium]]||Nd||6||144,242(3){{fn|2}}||7,00||1010||3127||1895||[[Carl Auer von Welsbach|von Welsbach]] |-style="background-color:#ffbfff" |61||[[Prometium]]||Pm||6||[146,9151]{{fn|1}}||7,22||1080||2730||1945||[[Jacob A, Marinsky|Marinsky]] dan [[Lawrence E, Glendenin|Glendenin]] |-style="background-color:#ffbfff" |62||[[Samarium]]||Sm||6||150,36(2){{fn|2}}||7,54||1072||1778||1879||[[Paul Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran|Lecoq de Boisbaudran]] |-style="background-color:#ffbfff" |63||[[Europium]]||Eu||6||151,964(1){{fn|2}}||5,25||822||1597||1901||[[Eugène-Antole Demarçay|Demarçay]] |-style="background-color:#ffbfff" |64||[[Gadolinium]]||Gd||6||157,25(3){{fn|2}}||7,89||1311||3233||1880||[[Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac|de Marignac]] |-style="background-color:#ffbfff" |65||[[Terbium]]||Tb||6||158,92535(2)||8,25||1360||3041||1843||[[Carl Gustaf Mosander|Mosander]] |-style="background-color:#ffbfff" |66||[[Disprosium]]||Dy||6||162,500(1){{fn|2}}||8,56||1409||2335||1886||[[Paul Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran|Lecoq de Boisbaudran]] |-style="background-color:#ffbfff" |67||[[Holmium]]||Ho||6||164,93032(2)||8,78||1470||2720||1878||[[Jacques Louis Soret|Soret]] |-style="background-color:#ffbfff" |68||[[Erbium]]||Er||6||167,259(3){{fn|2}}||9,05||1522||2510||1842||[[Carl Gustaf Mosander|Mosander]] |-style="background-color:#ffbfff" |69||[[Tulium]]||Tm||6||168,93421(2)||9,32||1545||1727||1879||[[Per Teodor Cleve|Cleve]] |-style="background-color:#ffbfff" |70||[[Iterbium]]||Yb||6||173,04(3){{fn|2}}||6,97||824||1193||1878||[[Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac|de Marignac]] |-style="background-color:#ffbfff" |71||[[Lutetium]]||Lu||6; 3||174,967(1){{fn|2}}||9,84||1656||3315||1907||[[Georges Urbain|Urbain]] |-style="background-color:#ffc0c0" |72||[[Hafnium]]||Hf||6; 4||178,49(2)||13,31||2150||5400||1923||[[Dirk Coster|Coster]] dan [[George de Hevesy|de Hevesy]] |-style="background-color:#ffc0c0" |73||[[Tantalum]]||Ta||6; 5||180,9479(1)||16,68||2996||5425||1802||[[Anders Gustaf Ekeberg|Ekeberg]] |-style="background-color:#ffc0c0" |74||[[Wolfram]]||W||6; 6||183,84(1)||19,26||3407||5927||1783||[[Fausto Elhuyar|Elhuyar]] |-style="background-color:#ffc0c0" |75||[[Renium]]||Re||6; 7||186,207(1)||21,03||3180||5627||1925||[[Walter Noddack|Noddack]]; [[Ida Tacke|Tacke]] lan [[Otto Berg|Berg]] |-style="background-color:#ffc0c0" |76||[[Osmium]]||Os||6; 8||190,23(3){{fn|2}}||22,61||3045||5027||1803||[[Smithson Tennant|Tennant]] |-style="background-color:#ffc0c0" |77||[[Iridium]]||Ir||6; 9||192,217(3)||22,65||2410||4130||1803||[[Smithson Tennant|Tennant]] |-style="background-color:#ffc0c0" |78||[[Platina]]||Pt||6; 10||195,084(9)||21,45||1772||3827||1557||[[Julius Caesar Scaliger|Scaliger]] |-style="background-color:#ffc0c0" |79||[[Emas]]||Au||6; 11||196,966569(4)||19,32||1064,4||2940||prasajarah||ora dikawruhi |-style="background-color:#ffc0c0" |80||[[Raksa]]||Hg||6; 12||200,59(2)||13,55||-38,9||356,6||prasajarah||tak diketahui |-style="background-color:#cccccc" |81||[[Talium]]||Tl||6; 13||204,3833(2)||11,85||303,6||1457||1861||[[William Crookes|Crookes]] |-style="background-color:#cccccc" |82||[[Timbal]]||Pb||6; 14||207,2(1){{fn|2}} {{fn|4}}||11,34||327,5||1740||prasajarah||ora dikawruhi |-style="background-color:#cccccc" |83||[[Bismut]]||Bi||6; 15||208,98040(1)||9,80||271,4||1560||1540||[[Claude Geoffroy|Geoffroy]] |-style="background-color:#cccc99" |84||[[Polonium]]||Po||6; 16||[208,9824]{{fn|1}}||9,20||254||962||1898||[[Marie Curie|Marie]] and [[Pierre Curie]] |-style="background-color:#ffff99" |85||[[Astatin]]||At||6; 17||[209,9871]{{fn|1}}||||302||337||1940||[[Dale R, Corson|Corson]] dan [[K, R, MacKenzie|MacKenzie]] |-style="background-color:#c0ffff" |86||[[Radon]]||Rn||6; 18||[222,0176]{{fn|1}}||9,23 g/l||-71||-61,8||1900||[[Friedrich Ernst Dorn|Dorn]] |-style="background-color:#ff6666" |87||[[Fransium]]||Fr||7; 1||[223,0197]{{fn|1}}||||27||677||1939||[[Marguerite Perey|Perey]] |-style="background-color:#ffdead" |88||[[Radium]]||Ra||7; 2||[226,0254]{{fn|1}}||5,50||700||1140||1898||[[Marie Curie|Marie]] dan [[Pierre Curie]] |-style="background-color:#ff99cc" |89||[[Aktinium]]||Ac||7||[227,0278]{{fn|1}}||10,07||1047||3197||1899||[[André-Louis Debierne|Debierne]] |-style="background-color:#ff99cc" |90||[[Torium]]||Th||7||232,03806(2){{fn|1}} {{fn|2}}||11,72||1750||4787||1829||[[Jöns Jakob Berzelius|Berzelius]] |-style="background-color:#ff99cc" |91||[[Protaktinium]]||Pa||7||231,03588(2){{fn|1}}||15,37||1554||4030||1917||[[Frederick Soddy|Soddy]]; [[John Cranston|Cranston]] lan [[Otto Hahn|Hahn]] |-style="background-color:#ff99cc" |92||[[Uranium]]||U||7||238,02891(3){{fn|1}} {{fn|2}} {{fn|3}}||18,97||1132,4||3818||1789||[[Martin Heinrich Klaproth|Klaproth]] |-style="background-color:#ff99cc" |93||[[Neptunium]]||Np||7||[237,0482]{{fn|1}}||20,48||640||3902||1940||[[Edwin McMillan|McMillan]] dan [[Philip Abelson|Abelson]] |-style="background-color:#ff99cc" |94||[[Plutonium]]||Pu||7||[244,0642]{{fn|1}}||19,74||641||3327||1940||[[Glenn T, Seaborg|Seaborg]] |-style="background-color:#ff99cc" |95||[[Amerisium]]||Am||7||[243,0614]{{fn|1}}||13,67||994||2607||1944||[[Glenn T, Seaborg|Seaborg]] |-style="background-color:#ff99cc" |96||[[Kurium]]||Cm||7||[247,0703]{{fn|1}}||13,51||1340||||1944||[[Glenn T, Seaborg|Seaborg]] |-style="background-color:#ff99cc" |97||[[Berkelium]]||Bk||7||[247,0703]{{fn|1}}||13,25||986||||1949||[[Glenn T, Seaborg|Seaborg]] |-style="background-color:#ff99cc" |98||[[Kalifornium]]||Cf||7||[251,0796]{{fn|1}}||15,1||900||||1950||[[Glenn T, Seaborg|Seaborg]] |-style="background-color:#ff99cc" |99||[[Einsteinium]]||Es||7||[252,0829]{{fn|1}}||||860||||1952||[[Glenn T, Seaborg|Seaborg]] |-style="background-color:#ff99cc" |100||[[Fermium]]||Fm||7||[257,0951]{{fn|1}}||||||||1952||[[Glenn T, Seaborg|Seaborg]] |-style="background-color:#ff99cc" |101||[[Mendelevium]]||Md||7||[258,0986]{{fn|1}}||||||||1955||[[Glenn T, Seaborg|Seaborg]] |-style="background-color:#ff99cc" |102||[[Nobelium]]||No||7||[259,1009]{{fn|1}}||||||||1958||[[Glenn T, Seaborg|Seaborg]] |-style="background-color:#ff99cc" |103||[[Lawrensium]]||Lr||7; 3||[260,1053]{{fn|1}}||||||||1961||[[Albert Ghiorso|Ghiorso]] |-style="background-color:#ffc0c0" |104||[[Rutherfordium]]||Rf||7; 4||[261,1087]{{fn|1}}||||||||1964/69||[[Georgii Flerov|Flerov]] |-style="background-color:#ffc0c0" |105||[[Dubnium]]||Db||7; 5||[262,1138]{{fn|1}}||||||||1967/70||[[Georgii Flerov|Flerov]] |-style="background-color:#ffc0c0" |106||[[Seaborgium]]||Sg||7; 6||[263,1182]{{fn|1}}||||||||1974||[[Georgii Flerov|Flerov]] |-style="background-color:#ffc0c0" |107||[[Bohrium]]||Bh||7; 7||[262,1229]{{fn|1}}||||||||1976||[[Y, Oganessian|Oganessian]] |-style="background-color:#ffc0c0" |108||[[Hassium]]||Hs||7; 8||[265]{{fn|1}}||||||||1984||[[Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung|GSI]] (*) |-style="background-color:#ffc0c0" |109||[[Meitnerium]]||Mt||7; 9||[266]{{fn|1}}||||||||1982||[[Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung|GSI]] |-style="background-color:#ffc0c0" |110||[[Darmstadtium]]||Ds||7; 10||[269]{{fn|1}}||||||||1994||[[Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung|GSI]] |-style="background-color:#ffc0c0" |111||[[Roentgenium]]||Rg||7; 11||[272]{{fn|1}}||||||||1994||[[Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung|GSI]] |-style="background-color:#ffc0c0" |112||[[Kopernisium]]||Cn||7; 12||[285]{{fn|1}}||||||||1996||[[Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung|GSI]] |-style="background-color:#cccccc" |113||[[Nihonium]]||Nh||7; 13||[284]{{fn|1}}||||||||2004||[[Joint Institute for Nuclear Research|JINR]] (*); [[Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory|LLNL]] (*) |-style="background-color:#cccccc" |114||[[Flerovium]]||Fl||7; 14||[289]{{fn|1}}||||||||1999||[[Joint Institute for Nuclear Research|JINR]] |-style="background-color:#cccccc" |115||[[Moskovium]]||Mc||7; 15||[288]{{fn|1}}||||||||2004||[[Joint Institute for Nuclear Research|JINR]]; [[Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory|LLNL]] |-style="background-color:#cccccc" |116||[[Livermorium]]||Lv||7; 16||[292]{{fn|1}}||||||||1999||[[Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory|LBNL]] (*) |-style="background-color:#fcfece" |117||[[Tennessin]]||Ts||7; 17||{{fn|1}}||||||||ora tinemu|| |-style="background-color:#ecfefc" |118||[[Oganesson]]||Og||7; 18||{{fn|1}}||||||||ora tinemu|| |} {{element color legend}} == Akronim == * GSI, [[Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung]] (Masarakat Penelitian Ion Berat), Wixhausen, Darmstadt, Jerman * JINR, [[Joint Institute for Nuclear Research]] (Объединённый институт ядерных исследований), Dubna, Oblast Moskwa, Ruslan * LLNL, [[Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory]], Livermore, Kalifornia, AS * LBNL, [[Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory]], Berkeley, Kalifornia, AS == Cathetan == *{{fnb|1}} Unsur iki ora duwé inti stabil. Aji sajeroning tandha kurung kothak, upamané [209], nuduhaké nomer massa isotop kanthi wektu urip paling dawa unsur mau. Nanging ana telu unsur (Torium, Protaktinium, lan Uranium) kang duwé ciri-ciri "terrestrial isotopic composition", saéngga kang dituduhaké ya iku massa atomé. *{{fnb|2}} Komposisi isotopik unsur iki duwé variasi sajeroning sawatara spésimèn geologis, lan variasiné mbokmanawa ngluwihi apa kang dituduhaké sajeroning tabel iki. *{{fnb|3}} Komposisi isotopik unsur iki bisa duwé variasi sajeroning materi komersial, kang bisa njalari berat atom nyimpang kanthi signifikan saka aji kang dituduhaké sajeroning tabel iki. *{{fnb|4}} Komposisi isotopik duwé variasi ing materi ''terrestrial'', saéngga berat atom kang luwih persis ora bisa diwènèhaké. *{{fnb|5}} Berat atom Litiyum komersial bisa duwé variasi antara 6,939 lan 6,996—analisis materi kanthi spesifik diperlakaké kanggo nemu aji kang luwih akurat. == Rujukan == *Atomic Weights of the Elements 2001, [http://www.iupac.org/publications/pac/2003/7508/7508x1107.html Pure Appl. Chem. 75(8), 1107-1122, 2003]. Diakses [[30 Juni]] [[2005]]. Berat atom dengan nomer atom 1-109 diambil dari sumber ini. *[http://www.iupac.org/news/archives/2005/atomic-weights_revised05.html IUPAC Standard Atomic Weights Revised] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080305062433/http://www.iupac.org/news/archives/2005/atomic-weights_revised05.html |date=2008-03-05 }} (2005). *[http://www.webelements.com/ WebElements Periodic Table] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140104110225/http://webelements.com/ |date=2014-01-04 }}. Diakses [[30 Juni]] [[2005]]. Berat atom dengan nomer atom 110-116 diambil dari sumber ini. {{PeriodicTablesFooter}} {{clr}} {{Tabel périodik unsur kimia}} [[Kategori:Unsur kimia]] 4mkkap48q8hgcnd488b53h4jnqqyz3u Pratélan unsur miturut lambang 0 23272 1751918 1747920 2026-07-29T17:49:20Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1751918 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pratélan unsur miturut lambang''' ya iku tampilan [[unsur kimia|unsur-unsur kimia]] sajeroning wangun tabèl. Unsur-unsur mau diatur miturut struktur [[elektron]]é saéngga [[sipat kimia]] unsur-unsur mau owah kanthi tumata sadawaning tabèl. Saben [[unsur kimia|unsur]] didaftaraké miturut [[pratélan unsur miturut nomer atom|nomer atom]] lan '''lambang unsuré'''. Tabèl périodik standar mènèhi informasi dhasar ngenani sawijining unsur. Ana uga [[{{PAGENAME}}#Tampilan liya|cara liya kanggo nampilaké unsur-unsur kimia]] kanthi ngamot katrangan luwih utawa saka persepektif kang béda. == Golongan == Kolom sajeroning tabèl périodik disebut [[golongan tabèl periodik|golongan]]. Ana 18 golongan sajeroning tabèl périodik baku. Unsur-unsur kang sagolongan duwé konfigurasi [[elektron valensi]] kang mèmper, saéngga duwé sipat kang mèmper uga. Ana telung sistem kanggo mènèhi [[Golongan tabèl periodik#Nomer Golongan|nomer golongan]]. Sistem pisanan nganggo [[angka Arab]] lan loro sistem liyané nganggo[[angka Romawi]]. Jeneng kanthi angka Romawi iku jeneng golongan kang asli tradhisional. Jeneng kanthi angka Arab iku sistem tatajeneng anyar kang disaranaké déning ''International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry'' ([[IUPAC]]). Sistem tata jeneng mau dikembangaké kanggo ngganti kaloro sistem lawas kang migunakaké angka Romawi awit kaloro sistem mau mbingungaké, migunakaké siji jeneng kanggo sawetara bab kang béda. == Cara nampilaké tabèl périodik == === Tabèl périodik standar === {{Tabel périodik unsur kimia}} Aturan mènèhi warna nomer atom sajeroning tabel périodik ing dhuwur: * Unsur kang nomer atomé awarna <span style="color:blue;">biru</span> awujud cuwèr ing kahanan [[suhu lan tekanan standar]] (STP), * Unsur kang nomer atomé awarna <span style="color:green;">ijo</span> awujud gas ing kahanan STP, * Unsur kang nomer atomé awarna <span style="color:black;">ireng</span> awujud padhet ing kahanan STP, * Unsur kang nomer atomé awarna <span style="color:red;">abang</span> iku [[unsur sintetis]] (tansah awujud padhet ing kahanan STP), * Unsur kang nomer atomé awarna <span style="color:#808080;">klawu</span> (lan warna lataré luwih padhang saka unsur-unsur liyané) durung tinemu (unsur mau diwènèhi warna miturut sipat kang kira-kira bakal diduwèni déning unsur mau nalika tinemu). === Tampilan liya === * [[Tabèl périodik (standar)|Tabèl périodik standar]] (s.d.a.) ngamot informasi dhasar. * [[Tabèl périodik (alternatif)|Tabel alternate]] * [[Tabèl périodik (anti)|Tabel anti]] * [[Tabèl périodik (gedhé)|Tabel gedhé]] ngamot bab-bab dhasar lan jeneng pepak unsur. * [[Tabèl périodik (gedhé banget)|Tabel gedhé banget]] ngamot informasi dhasar, jeneng pepak unsur, lan [[massa atom]]é. * [[Tabèl périodik (jembar)|Tabel jembar]] * [[Tabèl périodik (dijembaraké)|Tabel dijembaraké]] * [[Tabèl périodik (Tiongkok)|Tabel ing Tiongkok]] * [[Tabèl périodik (konfigurasi elektron)|Konfigurasi elektron]] * [[Tabèl périodik (logam lan dudu logam)|Logam lan dudu logam]] * [[Tabèl périodik (blok)|Tabel periodik diisi menurut blok]] * [[Pratélan unsur miturut jeneng]] * [[Pratélan unsur miturut lambang unsur]] * [[Pratélan unsur miturut nomer atom]] * [[Pratélan unsur miturut titik dhidhih]] * [[Pratélan unsur miturut titik lèlèh]] * [[Pratélan unsur miturut kapadhetan]] * [[Pratélan unsur miturut massa atom]] Lan [http://bic.beckman.uiuc.edu/mritab1/ tabèl périodik] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040621032520/http://bic.beckman.uiuc.edu/mritab1/ |date=2004-06-21 }} kanggo [[résonansi magnetis]]. == Panjelasan struktur tabèl périodik == Cacahing [[kulit elektron]] kang diduwèni sawijining atom nentokaké période atom mau. Saben kulit duwé sawetara subkulit, kang kaisi miturut urutan ing ngisor, sairing karo tambahing nomer atom: 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5p 6s 4f 5d 6p 7s 5f 6d 7p 8s 5g 6f 7d 8p ... <!-- Berdasarkan hal inilah struktur tabel disusun. Karena elektron terluar menentukan sifat kimia suatu unsur, unsur-unsur yang segolongan umumnya mempunyai sifat kimia yang mirip. Unsur-unsur segolongan yang berdekatan mempunyai sifat fisika yang mirip, meskipun [[massa]] mereka jauh berbeda. Unsur-unsur seperiode yang berdekatan mempunyai massa yang hampir sama, tetapi sifat yang berbeda. Sebagai contoh, dalam periode kedua, yang berdekatan dengan [[Nitrogen]] (N) adalah [[Karbon]] (C) dan [[Oksigen]] (O). Meskipun massa unsur-unsur tersebut hampir sama (massanya hanya selisih beberapa [[satuan massa atom]]), mereka mempunyai sifat yang jauh berbeda, sebagaimana bisa dilihat dengan melihat [[alotrop]] mereka: oksigen diatomik adalah [[gas]] yang dapat terbakar, nitrogen diatomik adalah gas yang tak dapat terbakar, dan karbon adalah zat [[padat]] yang dapat terbakar (ya, [[berlian]] pun dapat terbakar!). Sebaliknya, yang berdekatan dengan unsur [[Klorin]] (Cl) di tabel periodik, dalam golongan [[Halogen]], adalah [[Fluorin]] (F) dan [[Bromin]] (Br). Meskipun massa unsur-unsur tersebut jauh berbeda, alotropnya mempunyai sifat yang sangat mirip: Semuanya bersifat sangat [[korosif]] (yakni mudah bercampur dengan [[logam]] membentuk [[garam]] [[logam halida]]); klorin dan fluorin adalah gas, sementara bromin adalah [[cairan]] bertitik didih yang rendah; sedikitnya, klorin dan bromin sangat berwarna. == Sejarah == ''Artikel utama: [[Sejarah tabel periodik]]'' Tabel periodik pada mulanya diciptakan tanpa mengetahui struktur dalam [[atom]]: jika unsur-unsur diurutkan berdasarkan [[massa atom]] lalu dibuat grafik yang menggambarkan hubungan antara beberapa sifat tertentu dan massa atom unsur-unsur tersebut, akan terlihat suatu perulangan atau ''periodisitas'' sifat-sifat tadi sebagai fungsi dari massa atom. Orang pertama yang mengenali keteraturan tersebut adalah ahli kimia Jerman, yaitu [[Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner]], yang pada tahun [[1829]] memperhatikan adanya beberapa ''triade'' unsur-unsur yang hampir sama. <table cellspacing="5"> <tr> <th align="center" colspan="3">Beberapa triade</th> </tr><tr> <th>Unsur</th> <th>Massa atom</th> <th>Kepadatan</th> </tr><tr> <td>Klorin</td> <td>35,5</td> <td>0,00156 g/cm<sup>3</sup></td> </tr><tr> <td>Bromin</td> <td>79,9</td> <td>0,00312 g/cm<sup>3</sup></td> </tr><tr> <td>Iodin</td> <td>126,9</td> <td>0,00495 g/cm<sup>3</sup></td> </tr> <tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr><tr> <td>Kalsium</td> <td>40,1</td> <td>1,55 g/cm<sup>3</sup></td> </tr><tr> <td>Stronsium</td> <td>87,6</td> <td>2,6 g/cm<sup>3</sup></td> </tr><tr> <td>Barium</td> <td>137</td> <td>3,5 g/cm<sup>3</sup></td> </tr> </table> Temon iki kemudian diikuti oleh ahli kimia Inggris, yaitu [[John Alexander Reina Newlands]], yang pada tahun [[1865]] memperhatikan bahwa unsur-unsur yang bersifat mirip ini berulang dalam interval delapan, yang ia persamakan dengan [[oktaf|oktaf musik]], meskipun ''hukum oktaf''-nya diejek oleh rekan sejawatnya. Akhirnya, pada tahun [[1869]], ahli kimia Jerman [[Lothar Meyer]] dan ahli kimia Rusia [[Dmitry Ivanovich Mendeleyev]] hampir secara bersamaan mengembangkan tabel periodik pertama, mengurutkan unsur-unsur berdasarkan massanya. Akan tetapi, Mendeleyev meletakkan beberapa unsur menyimpang dari aturan urutan massa agar unsur-unsur tersebut cocok dengan sifat-sifat tetangganya dalam tabel, membetulkan kesalahan beberapa nilai massa atom, dan meramalkan keberadaan dan sifat-sifat beberapa unsur baru dalam sel-sel kosong di tabelnya. Keputusan Mendeleyev itu belakangan terbukti benar dengan ditemukannya struktur elektronik unsur-unsur pada akhir [[abad ke-19]] dan awal [[abad ke-20]]. --> == Rujukan == * Mazurs, E.G. (1974). ''Graphical Representations of the Periodic System During One Hundred Years''. Alabama: University of Alabama Press. * Bouma, J. (1989). "An Application-Oriented Periodic Table of the Elements". ''J. Chem. Ed.''. 66, 741. == Uga delengen == * [[Golongan tabèl périodik]] * [[Période tabel périodik]] * [[Dhèrèt kimia]] * [[Blok tabel périodik]] * [[Tabel isotop (pepak)]] * [[Tabel isotop (kapérang)]] * [[Panemon unsur-unsur kimia]] * [[Kalimpahan unsur-unsur kimia]] * [[Lagu unsur]] * [[Jeneng unsur sistematik]] [[IUPAC]]. * [[Tabel Périodik Cosmochemical saka Unsur-Unsur sajeroning Tata Surya]] * [[Sajarah jeneng subkulit s,p,d,f]] == Pranala njaba == * [http://www.chem-is-try.org/?sect=tabel Tabel periodik (Situs Web Kimia Indonesia)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040810182724/http://www.chem-is-try.org/?sect=tabel |date=2004-08-10 }} * [http://www.iupac.org/reports/periodic_table The IUPAC periodic table] * "''[http://www.wou.edu/las/physci/ch412/alttable.htm Presentation forms of the periodic table] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040804040618/http://www.wou.edu/las/physci/ch412/alttable.htm |date=2004-08-04 }}''". Western Oregon University. * "''[http://www.wou.edu/las/physci/ch412/perhist.htm A Brief History of the Development of Periodic Table] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150503003958/http://www.wou.edu/las/physci/ch412/perhist.htm |date=2015-05-03 }}''". Western Oregon University. * "''[http://www.chemsoc.org/viselements/pages/periodic_table.html Visual Periodic Table]''". ChemSoc.org. * Barbalace, Kenneth L., "''[http://environmentalchemistry.com/yogi/periodic/ Biochemical Periodic Tables]''". KLBProductions.com. * "''[http://www.webelements.com Periodic table] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140104110225/http://webelements.com/ |date=2014-01-04 }} (professional edition)''". WebElements. * Counterman, Craig, "''Periodic Table of the Elements: [http://web.mit.edu/3.091/www/pt/ Atomic Number] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060118200639/http://web.mit.edu/3.091/www/pt/ |date=2006-01-18 }}''". MIT Course 3.091. * Holler, F. James, and John P. Selegue, "''[http://www.uky.edu/Projects/Chemcomics/ Periodic Table of Comic Books]''". Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky. 1996-2002. * Heilman, Chris, "''[http://chemlab.pc.maricopa.edu/periodic/default.html The Pictorial Periodic Table]''". (Includes alternate styles: Stowe, Benfey, Zmaczynski, Giguere, Tarantola, Filling, Mendeleev) * "''[http://pearl1.lanl.gov/periodic/default.htm Periodic table] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050119093914/http://pearl1.lanl.gov/periodic/default.htm |date=2005-01-19 }}''". Los Alamos National Laboratory's Chemistry Division. * "''[http://www.phys.ufl.edu/fermisurface/periodic_table.html Periodic Table of the Fermi Surfaces of Elemental Solids]{{Pranala mati|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}''". [http://www.phys.ufl.edu/fermisurface/ The Fermi Surface Database] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201210041747/http://www.phys.ufl.edu/fermisurface/ |date=2020-12-10 }} * "''[http://www.nyu.edu/cgi-bin/cgiwrap/aj39/NMRmap.cgi Interactive NMR Frequency Map]''". Texas A&M. * "''[https://www.science.co.il/elements/ Periodic Table Elements]''". Israèl Science and Technology Directory. 1999-2004. (sorted by physical characteristics) * Barthelmy, David, "''[http://webmineral.com/chemical.shtml Periodic table]"'' Mineralogy Database. (mineral emphasis) * Gray, Theodore, "''[http://www.theodoregray.com/PeriodicTable/ Wooden Periodic Table Table]''" (with samples) * "''[http://www.dartmouth.edu/~chemlab/info/resources/p_table/Periodic.html Periodic table applet] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040811140659/http://www.dartmouth.edu/~chemlab/info/resources/p_table/Periodic.html |date=2004-08-11 }}''". Dartmouth College. ([[Java programming language|Java]]) * Jacobs, Bob, "''[http://www.chemistrycoach.com/periodic_tables.htm Periodic Tables] (in case you were thinking that the Internet needed one more)''". The Chemistry Coach. * "''[http://periodictable.com/ PeriodicTable.com]''". {{CabangKimia}} [[Kategori:Tabèl périodik| ]] cw0czvh9d8x2ooe1e2hsdhb6ehlxd9p Pratélan kutha gedhé ing Jepang 0 23643 1751917 1750717 2026-07-29T17:30:47Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1751917 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Orphan|date=Maret 2016}} '''Pratélan''' [[kutha]] ing [[nagara]] [[Jepang]]. __NOTOC__ {|border=0 class="toccolours plainlinks" |- valign="top" ! {{MediaWiki:Toc}}: |[[#top|top]] - [[#Aichi|Aichi]] - [[#Akita|Akita]] - [[#Aomori|Aomori]] - [[#Chiba|Chiba]] - [[#Ehime|Ehime]] - [[#Fukui|Fukui]] - [[#Fukuoka|Fukuoka]] - [[#Fukushima|Fukushima]] - [[#Gifu|Gifu]] - [[#Gunma|Gunma]] - [[#Hiroshima|Hiroshima]] - [[#Hokkaidō|Hokkaidō]] - [[#Hyōgo|Hyōgo]] - [[#Ibaraki|Ibaraki]] - [[#Ishikawa|Ishikawa]] - [[#Iwate|Iwate]] - [[#Kagawa|Kagawa]] - [[#Kagoshima|Kagoshima]] - [[#Kanagawa|Kanagawa]] - [[#Kōchi|Kōchi]] - [[#Kumamoto|Kumamoto]] - [[#Kyoto|Kyoto]] - [[#Mi|Mi]] - [[#Miyagi|Miyagi]] - [[#Miyazaki|Miyazaki]] - [[#Nagano|Nagano]] - [[#Nagasaki|Nagasaki]] - [[#Nara|Nara]] - [[#Niigata|Niigata]] - [[#Ōita|Ōita]] - [[#Okayama|Okayama]] - [[#Okinawa|Okinawa]] - [[#Osaka|Osaka]] - [[#Saga|Saga]] - [[#Saitama|Saitama]] - [[#Shiga|Shiga]] - [[#Shimane|Shimane]] - [[#Shizuoka|Shizuoka]] - [[#Tochigi|Tochigi]] - [[#Tokushima|Tokushima]] - [[#Tokyo|Tokyo]] - [[#Tottori|Tottori]] - [[#Toyama|Toyama]] - [[#Wakayama|Wakayama]] - [[#Yamagata|Yamagata]] - [[#Yamaguchi|Yamaguchi]] - [[#Yamanashi|Yamanashi]] |} == Aichi == * population:2008-01-01<ref>[http://www.pref.aichi.jp/toukei/ 月報　あいちの人口]. Toyokawa's data is adopted the total of Otowa, Mito, and Toyokawa before the recent merger.</ref> {|class="wikitable sortable" width="100%" style="text-align:right" ! Jeneng kutha !! Padunung !! Amba !! Kapadhetan !! Pangadegan !! Situs wèb resmi |- |align="left"|[[Nagoya, Aichi|Nagoya]]||2,239,464||326.45||6,860||1889-10-01||[http://www.city.nagoya.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Toyohashi, Aichi|Toyohashi]]||377,045||261.35||1,443||1906-08-01||[http://www.city.toyohashi.aichi.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100309065441/http://www.city.toyohashi.aichi.jp/ |date=2010-03-09 }} |- |align="left"|[[Okazaki, Aichi|Okazaki]]||371,380||387.24||959||1916-07-01||[http://www.city.okazaki.aichi.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100107142409/http://www.city.okazaki.aichi.jp/tagengo/pgide/guide_en/index_e.html |date=2010-01-07 }} |- |align="left"|[[Ichinomiya, Aichi|Ichinomiya]]||375,939||113.91||3,300||1921-09-01||[http://www.city.ichinomiya.aichi.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Seto, Aichi|Seto]]||132,311||111.61||1,185||1929-10-01||[http://www.city.seto.aichi.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Handa, Aichi|Handa]]||117,927||47.24||2,496||1937-10-01||[http://www.city.handa.aichi.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011065058/http://www.city.handa.aichi.jp/joho/shigoto/welcometohanda/e-shichou/index.shtml |date=2007-10-11 }} |- |align="left"|[[Kasugai, Aichi|Kasugai]]||300,713||92.71||3,244||1943-06-01||[http://www.city.kasugai.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Toyokawa, Aichi|Toyokawa]]||161,595||150.71||1,072||1943-06-01||[http://www.city.toyokawa.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Tsushima, Aichi]]||65,646||25.08||2,617||1947-03-01||[http://www.city.tsushima.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Hekinan, Aichi|Hekinan]]||73,024||35.86||2,036||1948-04-05||[http://www.city.hekinan.aichi.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Kariya, Aichi|Kariya]]||145,117||50.45||2,876||1950-04-01||[http://www.city.kariya.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Toyota, Aichi|Toyota]]||420,286||918.47||458||1951-03-01||[http://www.city.toyota.aichi.jp/] |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Anjo</span>[[Anjō, Aichi|Anjō]]||176,046||86.01||2,047||1952-05-05||[http://www.city.anjo.aichi.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Nishio, Aichi|Nishio]]||106,643||75.78||1,407||1953-12-15||[http://www.city.nishio.aichi.jp/] |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Gamagori</span>[[Gamagōri, Aichi|Gamagōri]]||82,264||56.81||1,448||1954-04-01||[http://www.city.gamagori.aichi.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927225813/http://www.city.gamagori.aichi.jp/ |date=2007-09-27 }} |- |align="left"|[[Inuyama, Aichi|Inuyama]]||75,304||74.97||1,004||1954-04-01||[http://www.city.inuyama.aichi.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Tokoname, Aichi|Tokoname]]||52,837||55.63||950||1954-04-01||[http://www.city.tokoname.aichi.jp/] |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Konan</span>[[Kōnan, Aichi]]||100,064||30.17||3,317||1954-06-01||[http://www.city.konan.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Komaki, Aichi|Komaki]]||149,060||62.82||2,373||1955-01-01||[http://www.city.komaki.aichi.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Inazawa, Aichi|Inazawa]]||137,475||79.30||1,734||1958-11-01||[http://www.city.inazawa.aichi.jp/] |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Tokai</span>[[Tōkai, Aichi|Tōkai]]||106,708||43.36||2,461||1969-04-01||[http://www.city.tokai.aichi.jp/] |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Obu</span>[[Ōbu, Aichi|Ōbu]]||83,097||33.68||2,467||1970-09-01||[http://www.city.obu.aichi.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Chita, Aichi|Chita]]||84,782||45.43||1,866||1970-09-01||[http://www.city.chita.aichi.jp/] |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Chiryu</span>[[Chiryū, Aichi|Chiryū]]||68,216||16.34||4,175||1970-12-01||[http://www.city.chiryu.aichi.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Owariasahi, Aichi|Owariasahi]]||79,197||21.03||3,766||1970-12-01||[http://www.city.owariasahi.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Takahama, Aichi|Takahama]]||43,467||13.00||3,344||1970-12-01||[http://www.city.takahama.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Iwakura, Aichi|Iwakura]]|||48,042||10.49||4,580||1971-12-01||[http://www.city.iwakura.aichi.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Toyoake, Aichi|Toyoake]]||69,124||23.18||2,982||1972-08-01||[http://www.city.toyoake.aichi.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031010071331/http://www.city.toyoake.aichi.jp/ |date=2003-10-10 }} |- |align="left"|[[Nisshin, Aichi|Nisshin]]||80,921||34.90||2,319||1994-10-01||[http://www.city.nisshin.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Tahara, Aichi|Tahara]]||66,698||188.81||353||2003-08-20||[http://www.city.tahara.aichi.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Aisai, Aichi|Aisai]]||65,481||66.63||983||2005-04-01||[http://www.city.aisai.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Kiyosu, Aichi|Kiyosu]]||56,635||13.31||4,255||2005-07-07||[http://www.city.kiyosu.aichi.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Shinshiro, Aichi|Shinshiro]]||51,326||499.00||103||2005-10-01||[http://www.city.shinshiro.lg.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071024121645/http://www.city.shinshiro.lg.jp/ |date=2007-10-24 }} |- |align="left"|[[Kitanagoya, Aichi|Kitanagoya]]||80,112||18.37||4,361||2006-03-20||[http://www.city.kitanagoya.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Yatomi, Aichi|Yatomi]]||43,145||48.92||882||2006-04-01||[http://www.city.yatomi.aichi.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060509222602/http://city.yatomi.aichi.jp/ |date=2006-05-09 }} |} == Akita == * population:2008-01-01<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.pref.akita.lg.jp/icity/browser?ActionCode=content&ContentID=1132639874531&SiteID=0 |title={{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071018231802/ |date=2007-10-18 }} 美の国あきたネット &#91;秋田県の人口と世帯(月報)過去データ&#93;<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2008-04-03 |archive-date=2007-10-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071018231802/http://www.pref.akita.lg.jp/icity/browser?ActionCode=content&ContentID=1132639874531&SiteID=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> {|class="wikitable sortable" width="100%" style="text-align:right" ! City name !! Population !! Area !! Density !! Founded !! Homepage |- |align="left"|[[Akita, Akita|Akita]]||329,287||905.67||364||1889-04-01||[http://www.city.akita.akita.jp/] |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Odate</span>[[Ōdate, Akita|Ōdate]]||80,587||913.70||88.2||1951-04-01||[http://www.city.odate.akita.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Kazuno, Akita|Kazuno]]||35,543||707.34||50.2||1972-04-01||[http://www.city.kazuno.akita.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Daisen, Akita|Daisen]]||91,143||866.67||105||2005-03-22||[http://www.city.daisen.akita.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126235821/http://www.city.daisen.akita.jp/ |date=2021-01-26 }} |- |align="left"|[[Katagami, Akita|Katagami]]||35,460||97.96||362||2005-03-22||[http://www.city.katagami.akita.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326092156/http://www.city.katagami.akita.jp/ |date=2010-03-26 }} |- |align="left"|[[Kitaakita, Akita|Kitaakita]]||38,543||1,152.57||33.4||2005-03-22||[http://www.city.kitaakita.akita.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Oga, Akita|Oga]]||34,194||240.80||142||2005-03-22||[http://www2.city.oga.akita.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071210214619/http://www2.city.oga.akita.jp/ |date=2007-12-10 }} |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Yurihonjo</span>[[Yurihonjō, Akita|Yurihonjō]]||87,525||1,209.04||72.4||2005-03-22||[http://www.city.yurihonjo.akita.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Yuzawa, Akita|Yuzawa]]||53,588||790.72||67.8||2005-03-22||[http://www.city-yuzawa.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Semboku, Akita|Semboku]]||30,885||1,093.64||28.2||2005-09-20||[http://www.city.semboku.akita.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Yokote, Akita|Yokote]]||101,234||693.60||146||2005-10-01||[http://www.city.yokote.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Nikaho, Akita|Nikaho]]||28,422||240.61||118||2005-10-01||[http://www.city.nikaho.akita.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Noshiro, Akita|Noshiro]]||61,295||426.74||144||2006-03-21||[http://www.city.noshiro.akita.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191230153645/http://www.city.noshiro.akita.jp/ |date=2019-12-30 }} |} == Aomori == * population:2008-01-01<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.pref.aomori.lg.jp/tokei/major/jinko.html |title=青森県人口移動統計調査 |access-date=2008-04-03 |archive-date=2015-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924115557/http://www.pref.aomori.lg.jp/tokei/major/jinko.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> {|class="wikitable sortable" width="100%" style="text-align:right" ! City name !! Population !! Area !! Density !! Founded !! Homepage |- |align="left"|[[Hachinohe, Aomori|Hachinohe]]||241,613||305.17||792||1929-05-01||[http://www.city.hachinohe.aomori.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Kuroishi, Aomori|Kuroishi]]||37,585||216.96||173||1954-07-01||[http://www.net.pref.aomori.jp/kuroishi/] |- |align="left"|[[Misawa, Aomori|Misawa]]||42,535||119.97||355||1958-09-01||[http://www.net.pref.aomori.jp/misawa/] |- |align="left"|[[Mutsu, Aomori|Mutsu]]||62,220||863.79||72.0||1959-09-01||[http://www.city.mutsu.aomori.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120814123142/http://www.city.mutsu.aomori.jp/ |date=2012-08-14 }} |- |align="left"|[[Towada, Aomori|Towada]]||66,834||688.60||97.1||2005-01-01||[http://www.net.pref.aomori.jp/city/towada/index.html] |- |align="left"|[[Tsugaru, Aomori|Tsugaru]]||38,919||253.85||153||2005-02-11||[http://www.city.tsugaru.aomori.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Goshogawara, Aomori|Goshogawara]]||60,788||404.58||150||2005-03-28||[http://www.goshogawara.net.pref.aomori.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070113011255/http://www.goshogawara.net.pref.aomori.jp/ |date=2007-01-13 }} |- |align="left"|[[Aomori, Aomori|Aomori]]||305,884||824.52||371||2005-04-01||[http://www.city.aomori.aomori.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Hirakawa, Aomori|Hirakawa]]||34,638||345.81||100||2006-01-01||[http://www.city.hirakawa.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Hirosaki, Aomori|Hirosaki]]||185,865||523.60||355||2006-02-27||[http://www.city.hirosaki.aomori.jp/] |} == Chiba == * population:2008-01-01<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.pref.chiba.lg.jp/syozoku/b_toukei/joujuujinkou/census-j.html |title=毎月常住人口調査月報インデックス<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2008-04-03 |archive-date=2007-10-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071014143831/http://www.pref.chiba.lg.jp/syozoku/b_toukei/joujuujinkou/census-j.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> {|class="wikitable sortable" width="100%" style="text-align:right" ! City name !! Population !! Area !! Density !! Founded !! Homepage |- |align="left"|[[Chiba, Chiba|Chiba]]||938,695||272.08||3,450||1921-01-01||[http://www.city.chiba.jp/] |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Choshi</span>[[Chōshi, Chiba|Chōshi]]||72,348||83.91||862||1933-02-11||[http://www.city.choshi.chiba.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Ichikawa, Chiba|Ichikawa]]||470,149||57.40||8,191||1934-11-03||[http://www.city.ichikawa.chiba.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200425105135/http://www.city.ichikawa.chiba.jp/ |date=2020-04-25 }} |- |align="left"|[[Funabashi, Chiba|Funabashi]]||586,762||85.64||6,851||1937-04-01||[http://www.city.funabashi.chiba.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061214030110/http://www.city.funabashi.chiba.jp/koho/eng/index.htm |date=2006-12-14 }} |- |align="left"|[[Tateyama, Chiba|Tateyama]]||49,987||110.21||454||1939-11-03||[http://www.city.tateyama.chiba.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Kisarazu, Chiba|Kisarazu]]||123,743||138.73||892||1942-11-03||[http://www.city.kisarazu.chiba.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Matsudo, Chiba|Matsudo]]||477,603||61.33||7,787||1943-04-01||[http://www.city.matsudo.chiba.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Noda, Chiba|Noda]]||153,422||103.54||1,482||1950-05-03||[http://www.city.noda.chiba.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Mobara, Chiba|Mobara]]||93,032||100.01||930||1952-04-01||[http://www.city.mobara.chiba.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Narita, Chiba|Narita]]||124,773||213.84||583||1954-03-31||[http://www.city.narita.chiba.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Sakura, Chiba]]||171,472||103.59||1,655||1954-03-31||[http://www.city.sakura.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Togane</span>[[Tōgane, Chiba|Tōgane]]||61,591||89.34||689||1954-04-01||[http://www.city.togane.chiba.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Narashino, Chiba|Narashino]]||159,758||20.99||7,611||1954-08-01||[http://www.city.narashino.chiba.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Kashiwa, Chiba|Kashiwa]]||389,036||114.90||3,386||1954-09-01||[http://www.city.kashiwa.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Katsuura, Chiba|Katsuura]]||21,413||94.20||227||1958-10-01||[http://www.city.katsuura.chiba.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031011174244/http://www.city.katsuura.chiba.jp/ |date=2003-10-11 }} |- |align="left"|[[Ichihara, Chiba|Ichihara]]||279,591||368.20||759||1963-05-01||[http://www.city.ichihara.chiba.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Nagareyama, Chiba|Nagareyama]]||156,686||35.28||4,441||1967-01-01||[http://www.city.nagareyama.chiba.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Yachiyo, Chiba|Yachiyo]]||184,655||51.27||3,602||1967-01-01||[http://www.city.yachiyo.chiba.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071023065947/http://www.city.yachiyo.chiba.jp/ |date=2007-10-23 }} |- |align="left"|[[Abiko, Chiba|Abiko]]||133,533||43.19||3,092||1970-07-01||[http://www.city.abiko.chiba.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Kamagaya, Chiba|Kamagaya]]||104,564||21.11||4,953||1971-09-01||[http://www.city.kamagaya.chiba.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Kimitsu, Chiba|Kimitsu]]||89,350||318.83||280||1971-09-01||[http://www.city.kimitsu.chiba.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100617020736/http://www.city.kimitsu.chiba.jp/ |date=2010-06-17 }} |- |align="left"|[[Futtsu, Chiba|Futtsu]]||48,973||205.35||238||1971-09-01||[http://www.city.futtsu.chiba.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060217111505/http://www.city.futtsu.chiba.jp/ |date=2006-02-17 }} |- |align="left"|[[Urayasu, Chiba|Urayasu]]||159,312||17.29||9,214||1981-04-01||[http://www.city.urayasu.chiba.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130121214957/http://www.city.urayasu.chiba.jp/ |date=2013-01-21 }} |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Yotsukaido</span>[[Yotsukaidō, Chiba|Yotsukaidō]]||85,738||34.70||2,471||1981-04-01||[http://www.city.yotsukaido.chiba.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Sodegaura, Chiba|Sodegaura]]||59,443||94.92||626||1991-04-01||[http://www.city.sodegaura.chiba.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030806000844/http://www.city.sodegaura.chiba.jp/ |date=2003-08-06 }} |- |align="left"|[[Yachimata, Chiba|Yachimata]]||75,369||74.87||1,007||1992-04-01||[http://www.city.yachimata.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Inzai, Chiba|Inzai]]||60,280||53.51||1,127||1996-04-01||[http://www.city.inzai.chiba.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030920011457/http://www.city.inzai.chiba.jp/ |date=2003-09-20 }} |- |align="left"|[[Shiroi, Chiba|Shiroi]]||57,151||35.41||1,614||2001-04-01||[http://city.shiroi.chiba.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030927182101/http://city.shiroi.chiba.jp/ |date=2003-09-27 }} |- |align="left"|[[Tomisato, Chiba|Tomisato]]||51,590||53.91||957||2002-04-01||[http://www.city.tomisato.chiba.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050822172721/http://www.city.tomisato.chiba.jp/ |date=2005-08-22 }} |- |align="left"|[[Kamogawa, Chiba|Kamogawa]]||35,792||191.30||187||2005-02-11||[http://www.city.kamogawa.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Asahi, Chiba|Asahi]]||69,971||129.91||539||2005-07-01||[http://www.city.asahi.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Isumi, Chiba|Isumi]]||41,605||157.50||264||2005-12-05||[http://www.city.isumi.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Sosa</span>[[Sōsa, Chiba|Sōsa]]||41,361||101.78||406||2006-01-23||[http://www.city.sosa.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Minamiboso</span>[[Minamibōsō, Chiba|Minamibōsō]]||43,553||230.22||189||2006-03-20||[http://www.city.minamiboso.chiba.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Katori, Chiba|Katori]]||85,193||262.31||325||2006-03-27||[http://www.city.katori.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Sanmu, Chiba|Sanmu]]||57,806||146.38||395||2006-03-27||[http://www.city.sammu.lg.jp/] |} == Ehime == * population:2008-01-01<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.pref.ehime.jp/toukeibox/toukeika-01.htm |title=愛媛県統計BOX 推計人口 |access-date=2008-04-03 |archive-date=2008-03-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080308113720/http://www.pref.ehime.jp/toukeibox/toukeika-01.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> {|class="wikitable sortable" width="100%" style="text-align:right" ! City name !! Population !! Area !! Density !! Founded !! Homepage |- |align="left"|[[Matsuyama, Ehime|Matsuyama]]||515,068||429.03||1,201||1889-12-15||[http://www.city.matsuyama.ehime.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Niihama, Ehime|Niihama]]||123,329||234.30||526||1937-11-03||[http://www.city.niihama.ehime.jp/] |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Shikokuchuo</span>[[Shikokuchūō, Ehime|Shikokuchūō]]||91,688||420.10||218||2004-04-01||[http://www.city.shikokuchuo.ehime.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Seiyo, Ehime|Seiyo]]||43,476||514.79||84.5||2004-04-01||[http://www.city.seiyo.ehime.jp/] |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Toon</span>[[Tōon, Ehime|Tōon]]||35,517||211.45||168||2004-09-21||[http://www.city.toon.ehime.jp/] |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Saijo</span>[[Saijō, Ehime|Saijō]]||112,543||509.05||221||2004-11-01||[http://www.city.saijo.ehime.jp/] |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Ozu</span>[[Ōzu, Ehime|Ōzu]]||49,543||432.20||115||2005-01-11||[http://www.city.ozu.ehime.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Imabari, Ehime|Imabari]]||170,986||419.85||407||2005-01-16||[http://www.city.imabari.ehime.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Yawatahama, Ehime|Yawatahama]]||40,010||132.98||301||2005-03-28||[http://www.city.yawatahama.ehime.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Iyo, Ehime|Iyo]]||38,890||194.47||200||2005-04-01||[http://www.city.iyo.ehime.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061214045746/http://www.city.iyo.ehime.jp/ |date=2006-12-14 }} |- |align="left"|[[Uwajima, Ehime|Uwajima]]||86,819||469.52||185||2005-08-01||[http://www.city.uwajima.ehime.jp/] |} == Fukui == * population:2008-01-01<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://toukei.pref.fukui.jp/www/toppage/0000000000000/APM03000.html |title=福井県の人口と世帯（推計） |access-date=2008-04-03 |archive-date=2008-02-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080214003845/http://toukei.pref.fukui.jp/www/toppage/0000000000000/APM03000.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> {|class="wikitable sortable" width="100%" style="text-align:right" ! City name !! Population !! Area !! Density !! Founded !! Homepage |- |align="left"|[[Fukui, Fukui|Fukui]]||268,574||536.17||501||1889-04-01||[http://www.city.fukui.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Tsuruga, Fukui|Tsuruga]]||68,188||250.75||272||1937-04-01||[http://www.ton21.ne.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201023841/http://www.ton21.ne.jp/ |date=2022-02-01 }} |- |align="left"|[[Obama, Fukui|Obama]]||31,486||232.86||135||1951-03-30||[http://www.city.obama.fukui.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051013061933/http://www.city.obama.fukui.jp/ |date=2005-10-13 }} |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Ono</span>[[Ōno, Fukui]]||36,763||872.30||42.1||1954-07-01||[http://www.city.ono.fukui.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Katsuyama, Fukui|Katsuyama]]||26,333||253.68||104||1954-09-01||[http://www.city.katsuyama.fukui.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Sabae, Fukui|Sabae]]||67,430||84.75||796||1955-01-15||[http://www.city.sabae.fukui.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Awara, Fukui|Awara]]||30,765||116.99||263||2004-03-01||[http://www.city.awara.fukui.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090413055722/http://www.city.awara.fukui.jp/ |date=2009-04-13 }} |- |align="left"|[[Echizen, Fukui|Echizen]]||87,116||230.75||378||2005-10-01||[http://www.city.echizen.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Sakai, Fukui]]||92,420||209.91||440||2006-03-20||[http://www.city.fukui-sakai.lg.jp/] |} == Fukuoka == * population:2008-01-01<ref>http://www.toukei.pref.fukuoka.jp/search/1/1004.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080205185609/http://www.toukei.pref.fukuoka.jp/search/1/1004.html |date=2008-02-05 }} 月報「福岡県の人口と世帯（推計）」</ref> {|class="wikitable sortable" width="100%" style="text-align:right" ! City name !! Population !! Area !! Density !! Founded !! Homepage |- |align="left"|[[Fukuoka, Fukuoka|Fukuoka]]||1,430,371||340.96||4,195||1889-04-01||[http://www.city.fukuoka.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Kurume, Fukuoka|Kurume]]||305,147||229.84||1,328||1889-04-01||[http://www.city.kurume.fukuoka.jp/] |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Omuta</span>[[Ōmuta, Fukuoka|Ōmuta]]||127,474||81.55||1,563||1917-03-01||[http://www.city.omuta.fukuoka.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050112081211/http://www.city.omuta.fukuoka.jp/ |date=2005-01-12 }} |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Nogata</span>[[Nōgata, Fukuoka|Nōgata]]||57,319||61.78||928||1931-01-01||[http://www.city.nogata.fukuoka.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Tagawa, Fukuoka|Tagawa]]||50,484||54.52||926||1943-11-03||[http://www.joho.tagawa.fukuoka.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Yanagawa, Fukuoka|Yanagawa]]||72,798||76.90||947||1952-04-01||[http://www.city.yanagawa.fukuoka.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Yame, Fukuoka|Yame]]||42,241||98.66||428||1954-04-01||[http://www.city.yame.fukuoka.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Chikugo, Fukuoka|Chikugo]]||48,281||41.85||1,154||1954-04-01||[http://www.city.chikugo.fukuoka.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050911043927/http://www.city.chikugo.fukuoka.jp/ |date=2005-09-11 }} |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Okawa</span>[[Ōkawa, Fukuoka|Ōkawa]]||38,266||33.61||1,139||1954-04-01||[http://www.city.okawa.fukuoka.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Yukuhashi, Fukuoka|Yukuhashi]]||70,064||69.83||1,003||1954-10-10||[http://www.city.yukuhashi.fukuoka.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Buzen, Fukuoka|Buzen]]||27,578||111.17||248||1955-04-10||[http://www.city.buzen.fukuoka.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Nakama, Fukuoka|Nakama]]||45,549||15.98||2,850||1958-11-01||[http://www.city.nakama.fukuoka.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000422061603/http://www.city.nakama.fukuoka.jp/ |date=2000-04-22 }} |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Kitakyushu</span>[[Kitakyūshū]]||986,998||487.71||2,024||1963-02-10||[http://www.city.kitakyushu.jp/] |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Ogori</span>[[Ogōri, Fukuoka|Ogōri]]||58,460||45.50||1,285||1972-04-01||[http://www.city.ogori.fukuoka.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Chikushino, Fukuoka|Chikushino]]||98,914||87.78||1,127||1972-04-01||[http://www.city.chikushino.fukuoka.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Kasuga, Fukuoka|Kasuga]]||107,845||14.15||7,622||1972-04-01||[http://www.city.kasuga.fukuoka.jp/] |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Onojo</span>[[Ōnojō, Fukuoka|Ōnojō]]||94,037||26.88||3,498||1972-04-01||[http://www.city.onojo.fukuoka.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Munakata, Fukuoka|Munakata]]||94,877||119.66||793||1981-04-01||[http://www.city.munakata.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Dazaifu, Fukuoka|Dazaifu]]||68,561||29.58||2,318||1982-04-01||[http://www.city.dazaifu.fukuoka.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030919150110/http://www2.city.dazaifu.fukuoka.jp/ |date=2003-09-19 }} |- |align="left"|[[Maebaru, Fukuoka|Maebaru]]||68,025||104.50||651||1992-10-01||[http://www.city.maebaru.fukuoka.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040828064434/http://www.city.maebaru.fukuoka.jp/ |date=2004-08-28 }} |- |align="left"|[[Koga, Fukuoka]]||57,084||42.11||1,356||1997-10-01||[http://www.city.koga.fukuoka.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070104031644/http://www.city.koga.fukuoka.jp/eng/ |date=2007-01-04 }} |- |align="left"|[[Fukutsu, Fukuoka|Fukutsu]]||55,123||52.70||1,046||2005-01-24||[http://www.city.fukutsu.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Ukiha, Fukuoka|Ukiha]]||32,277||117.55||275||2005-03-20||[http://www.city.ukiha.fukuoka.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Miyawaka, Fukuoka|Miyawaka]]||30,793||139.99||220||2006-02-11||[http://www.city.miyawaka.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Asakura, Fukuoka|Asakura]]||57,881||246.73||235||2006-03-20||[http://www.city.asakura.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Iizuka, Fukuoka|Iizuka]]||132,208||214.13||617||2006-03-26||[http://www.city.iizuka.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Kama, Fukuoka|Kama]]||44,431||135.18||329||2006-03-27||[http://www.city.kama.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Miyama, Fukuoka|Miyama]]||42,219||105.12||402||2007-01-29||[http://www.city.miyama.lg.jp/] |} == Fukushima == * population:2008-01-01<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.pref.fukushima.jp/toukei/html/01/m-jinko/gepo.html |title=ふくしま統計情報ボックス 福島県の推計人口<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2008-04-03 |archive-date=2012-09-07 |archive-url=https://archive.is/20120907214634/http://www.pref.fukushima.jp/toukei/html/01/m-jinko/gepo.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> {|class="wikitable sortable" width="100%" style="text-align:right" ! City name !! Population !! Area !! Density !! Founded !! Homepage |- |align="left"|[[Aizuwakamatsu, Fukushima|Aizuwakamatsu]]||129,388||383.03||338||1899-04-01||[http://www.city.aizuwakamatsu.fukushima.jp/.] |- |align="left"|[[Fukushima, Fukushima|Fukushima]]||289,355||746.43||388||1907-04-01||[http://www.city.fukushima.fukushima.jp/] |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Koriyama</span>[[Kōriyama, Fukushima|Kōriyama]]||339,395||757.06||448||1924-09-01||[http://www.city.koriyama.fukushima.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170516201456/http://www.city.koriyama.fukushima.jp/063000/koho/yoran.html |date=2017-05-16 }} |- |align="left"|[[Sukagawa, Fukushima|Sukagawa]]||80,336||279.55||287||1954-03-31||[http://www.city.sukagawa.fukushima.jp/] |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Soma</span>[[Sōma, Fukushima|Sōma]]||38,543||197.67||195||1954-03-31||[http://www.city.soma.fukushima.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Iwaki, Fukushima|Iwaki]]||349,947||1,231.34||284||1966-10-01||[http://www.city.iwaki.fukushima.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100411210504/http://www.city.iwaki.fukushima.jp/gaikokugo/english/ |date=2010-04-11 }} |- |align="left"|[[Tamura, Fukushima|Tamura]]||42,221||458.30||92.1||2005-03-01||[http://www.city.tamura.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Shirakawa, Fukushima|Shirakawa]]||65,665||305.30||215||2005-11-07||[http://www.city.shirakawa.fukushima.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Nihonmatsu, Fukushima|Nihonmatsu]]||61,698||344.65||179||2005-12-01||[http://www.city.nihonmatsu.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Minamisoma</span>[[Minamisōma, Fukushima|Minamisōma]]||71,761||398.50||180||2006-01-01||[http://www.city.minamisoma.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Date, Fukushima]]||67,487||265.10||255||2006-01-01||[http://www.city.date.fukushima.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060110075417/http://www.city.date.fukushima.jp/ |date=2006-01-10 }} |- |align="left"|[[Kitakata, Fukushima|Kitakata]]||54,684||554.67||98.6||2006-01-04||[http://www.city.kitakata.fukushima.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Motomiya, Fukushima|Motomiya]]||31,737||87.94||361||2007-01-01||[http://www.city.motomiya.lg.jp/] |} == Gifu == * population:2008-01-01<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.pref.gifu.lg.jp/pref/s11111/data/jinko/jinko.htm |title=岐阜県統計課（岐阜県の人口・世帯数 調査結果）<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2008-04-03 |archive-date=2007-10-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071014004928/http://www.pref.gifu.lg.jp/pref/s11111/data/jinko/jinko.htm#new |url-status=dead }}</ref> {|class="wikitable sortable" width="100%" style="text-align:right" ! City name !! Population !! Area !! Density !! Founded !! Homepage |- |align="left"|[[Gifu, Gifu|Gifu]]||412,779||202.89||2,034||1889-07-01||[http://www.city.gifu.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Ogaki</span>[[Ōgaki, Gifu|Ōgaki]]||163,047||206.52||789||1918-04-01||[http://www.city.ogaki.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Takayama, Gifu|Takayama]]||94,879||2,177.67||43.6||1936-11-01||[http://www.city.takayama.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Tajimi, Gifu|Tajimi]]||114,866||91.24||1,259||1940-08-01||[http://www.city.tajimi.gifu.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030927115157/http://www2.city.tajimi.gifu.jp/ |date=2003-09-27 }} |- |align="left"|[[Seki, Gifu|Seki]]||92,896||472.84||196||1950-10-15||[http://www.city.seki.gifu.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Nakatsugawa, Gifu|Nakatsugawa]]||83,116||676.38||123||1952-04-01||[http://www.city.nakatsugawa.gifu.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Mino, Gifu]]||22,912||117.05||196||1954-04-01||[http://www.city.mino.gifu.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Mizunami, Gifu|Mizunami]]||41,556||175.00||237||1954-04-01||[http://www.city.mizunami.gifu.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Hashima, Gifu|Hashima]]||67,167||53.64||1,252||1954-04-01||[http://www.city.hashima.gifu.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080914053231/http://www.city.hashima.gifu.jp/ |date=2008-09-14 }} |- |align="left"|[[Minokamo, Gifu|Minokamo]]||53,988||74.81||722||1954-04-01||[http://www.city.minokamo.gifu.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070204112654/http://www.city.minokamo.gifu.jp/home/ENGLISH/e_top.html |date=2007-02-04 }} |- |align="left"|[[Toki, Gifu|Toki]]||61,393||116.01||529||1955-02-01||[http://www.city.toki.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Kakamigahara, Gifu|Kakamigahara]]||145,126||87.77||1,653||1963-04-01||[http://www.city.kakamigahara.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Kani, Gifu|Kani]]||99,318||87.60||1,134||1982-04-01||[http://www.city.kani.gifu.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110820225543/http://www.city.kani.gifu.jp/ |date=2011-08-20 }} |- |align="left"|[[Yamagata, Gifu]]||29,857||222.04||134||2003-04-01||[http://www.city.yamagata.gifu.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Mizuho, Gifu|Mizuho]]||51,230||28.18||1,818||2003-05-01||[http://www.city.mizuho.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Hida, Gifu|Hida]]||28,112||792.31||35.5||2004-02-01||[http://www.city.hida.gifu.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Motosu, Gifu|Motosu]]||34,729||374.57||92.7||2004-02-01||[http://www.city.motosu.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Gujo</span>[[Gujō, Gifu|Gujō]]||46,338||1,030.79||45.0||2004-03-01||[http://www.city.gujo.gifu.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Gero, Gifu|Gero]]||37,455||851.06||44.0||2004-03-01||[http://www.city.gero.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Ena, Gifu|Ena]]||54,844||504.19||109||2004-10-25||[http://www.city.ena.gifu.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161020134059/http://www.city.ena.gifu.jp/ |date=2016-10-20 }} |- |align="left"|[[Kaizu, Gifu|Kaizu]]||38,532||112.31||343||2005-03-28||[http://www.city.kaizu.lg.jp/] |} == Gunma == * population:2008-01-01<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://toukei.pref.gunma.jp/IDJ.htm |title=基本統計・群馬県移動人口調査<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2008-04-03 |archive-date=2007-11-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071102214607/http://toukei.pref.gunma.jp/IDJ.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> {|class="wikitable sortable" width="100%" style="text-align:right" ! City name !! Population !! Area !! Density !! Founded !! Homepage |- |align="left"|[[Maebashi, Gunma|Maebashi]]||318,058||241.22||1,319||1892-04-01||[http://www.city.maebashi.gunma.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Takasaki, Gunma|Takasaki]]||341,838||401.01||852||1900-04-01||[http://www.city.takasaki.gunma.jp/] |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Kiryu</span>[[Kiryū, Gunma|Kiryū]]||124,892||274.57||455||1921-03-01||[http://www.city.kiryu.gunma.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Isesaki, Gunma|Isesaki]]||204,240||139.33||1,466||1940-09-13||[http://www.city.isesaki.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Ota</span>[[Ōta, Gunma|Ōta]]||214,049||176.49||1,213||1948-05-03||[http://www.city.ota.gunma.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Numata, Gunma|Numata]]||52,319||443.37||118||1954-04-01||[http://www.city.numata.gunma.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Tatebayashi, Gunma|Tatebayashi]]||79,023||60.98||1,296||1954-04-01||[http://www.city.tatebayashi.gunma.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Fujioka, Gunma|Fujioka]]||68,710||180.09||382||1954-04-01||[http://www.city.fujioka.gunma.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Shibukawa, Gunma|Shibukawa]]||86,134||240.42||358||2006-02-20||[http://www.city.shibukawa.gunma.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080604061226/http://www.city.shibukawa.gunma.jp/ |date=2008-06-04 }} |- |align="left"|[[Annaka, Gunma|Annaka]]||62,270||276.34||225||2006-03-18||[http://www.city.annaka.gunma.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070704214107/http://www.city.annaka.gunma.jp/ |date=2007-07-04 }} |- |align="left"|[[Tomioka, Gunma|Tomioka]]||53,332||122.90||434||2006-03-27||[http://www.city.tomioka.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Midori, Gunma|Midori]]||51,964||208.23||250||2006-03-27||[http://www.city.midori.gunma.jp/] |} == Hiroshima == * population:2008-01-01<ref>http://db1.pref.hiroshima.jp/data/geppou/jinkou/saisin/jinkou_gaiyou.htm {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080221101232/http://db1.pref.hiroshima.jp/data/geppou/jinkou/saisin/jinkou_gaiyou.htm |date=2008-02-21 }} 推計人口（甲調査）第３表</ref> {|class="wikitable sortable" width="100%" style="text-align:right" ! City name !! Population !! Area !! Density !! Founded !! Homepage |- |align="left"|[[Hiroshima, Hiroshima|Hiroshima]]||1,163,806||905.13||1,286||1889-04-01||[http://www.city.hiroshima.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Onomichi, Hiroshima|Onomichi]]||148,085||284.85||520||1898-04-01||[http://www.city.onomichi.hiroshima.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Kure, Hiroshima|Kure]]||246,118||353.74||696||1902-10-01||[http://www.city.kure.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Fukuyama, Hiroshima|Fukuyama]]||461,368||518.07||891||1916-07-01||[http://www.city.fukuyama.hiroshima.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Mihara, Hiroshima|Mihara]]||103,209||471.03||219||1936-11-15||[http://www.city.mihara.hiroshima.jp/] |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Fuchu</span>[[Fuchū, Hiroshima]]||44,212||195.71||226||1954-03-31||[http://www.city.fuchu.hiroshima.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Miyoshi, Hiroshima]]||58,264||778.19||74.9||1954-03-31||[http://www.city.miyoshi.hiroshima.jp/] |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Shobara</span>[[Shōbara, Hiroshima|Shōbara]]||41,747||1,246.60||33.5||1954-03-31||[http://www.city.shobara.hiroshima.jp/] |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Otake</span>[[Ōtake, Hiroshima|Ōtake]]||29,665||78.55||378||1954-09-01||[http://www.city.otake.hiroshima.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Takehara, Hiroshima|Takehara]]||29,803||118.30||252||1958-11-03||[http://www.city.takehara.hiroshima.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061221045238/http://www.city.takehara.hiroshima.jp/english_m.jsp |date=2006-12-21 }} |- |align="left"|[[Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima|Higashihiroshima]]||187,711||635.32||295||1974-04-20||[http://www.city.higashihiroshima.hiroshima.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima|Hatsukaichi]]||115,184||489.36||235||1988-04-01||[http://www.city.hatsukaichi.hiroshima.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Akitakata, Hiroshima|Akitakata]]||32,323||537.79||60.1||2004-03-01||[http://www.akitakata.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Etajima, Hiroshima|Etajima]]||28,601||100.97||283||2004-11-01||[http://www.city.etajima.hiroshima.jp/] |} == Hokkaidō == * population:2007-12-31<ref>[http://www.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/sk/tuk/900brr/index.htm 住民基本台帳人口・世帯数<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> {|class="wikitable sortable" width="100%" style="text-align:right" ! City name !! Population !! Area !! Density !! Founded !! Homepage |- |align="left"|[[Sapporo, Hokkaidō|Sapporo]]||1,882,609||1,121.12||1,679||1922-08-01||[http://www.city.sapporo.jp/city/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190915231600/http://www.city.sapporo.jp/city/ |date=2019-09-15 }} |- |align="left"|[[Hakodate, Hokkaidō|Hakodate]]||290,154||677.89||428||1922-08-01||[http://www.city.hakodate.hokkaido.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Otaru, Hokkaidō|Otaru]]||138,876||243.30||571||1922-08-01||[http://www.city.otaru.hokkaido.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030920134255/http://www.city.otaru.hokkaido.jp/ |date=2003-09-20 }} |- |align="left"|[[Asahikawa, Hokkaidō|Asahikawa]]||357,228||747.60||478||1922-08-01||[http://www.city.asahikawa.hokkaido.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Muroran, Hokkaidō|Muroran]]||97,568||80.65||1,210||1922-08-01||[http://www.city.muroran.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Obihiro, Hokkaidō|Obihiro]]||170,066||618.94||275||1933-04-01||[http://www.city.obihiro.hokkaido.jp/] |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Yubari</span>[[Yūbari, Hokkaidō|Yūbari]]||12,203||763.20||16.0||1943-04-01||[http://www.city.yubari.hokkaido.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020831161059/http://www.city.yubari.hokkaido.jp/ |date=2002-08-31 }} |- |align="left"|[[Iwamizawa, Hokkaidō|Iwamizawa]]||92,364||481.10||192||1943-04-01||[http://www.city.iwamizawa.hokkaido.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Abashiri, Hokkaidō|Abashiri]]||40,341||471.00||85.6||1947-02-11||[http://www.city.abashiri.hokkaido.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Rumoi, Hokkaidō|Rumoi]]||26,295||297.44||88.4||1947-10-01||[http://www.e-rumoi.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Tomakomai, Hokkaidō|Tomakomai]]||173,986||561.49||310||1948-04-01||[http://www.city.tomakomai.hokkaido.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Wakkanai, Hokkaidō|Wakkanai]]||40,629||760.83||53.4||1949-04-01||[http://www.city.wakkanai.hokkaido.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Bibai, Hokkaidō|Bibai]]||27,849||277.61||100||1950-04-01||[http://www.city.bibai.hokkaido.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Ashibetsu, Hokkaidō|Ashibetsu]]||18,310||865.02||21.2||1953-04-01||[http://www.city.ashibetsu.hokkaido.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Ebetsu, Hokkaidō|Ebetsu]]||123,671||187.57||659||1954-07-01||[http://www.city.ebetsu.hokkaido.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Akabira, Hokkaidō|Akabira]]||13,874||129.88||107||1954-07-01||[http://www.city.akabira.hokkaido.jp/index.php] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060220111235/http://www.city.akabira.hokkaido.jp/index.php |date=2006-02-20 }} |- |align="left"|[[Monbetsu, Hokkaidō|Monbetsu]]||25,873||830.70||31.1||1954-07-01||[http://mombetsu.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Mikasa, Hokkaidō|Mikasa]]||11,454||302.64||37.8||1957-04-01||[http://www.city.mikasa.hokkaido.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Nemuro, Hokkaidō|Nemuro]]||30,882||512.63||60.2||1957-08-01||[http://www.city.nemuro.hokkaido.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Chitose, Hokkaidō|Chitose]]||92,924||594.95||156||1958-07-01||[http://www.city.chitose.hokkaido.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160905165529/http://www.city.chitose.hokkaido.jp/ |date=2016-09-05 }} |- |align="left"|[[Takikawa, Hokkaidō|Takikawa]]||44,895||115.82||388||1958-07-01||[http://www.city.takikawa.hokkaido.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100309110101/http://www.city.takikawa.hokkaido.jp/ |date=2010-03-09 }} |- |align="left"|[[Sunagawa, Hokkaidō|Sunagawa]]||19,641||78.69||250||1958-07-01||[http://www.city.sunagawa.hokkaido.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Utashinai, Hokkaidō|Utashinai]]||4,988||55.99||89.1||1958-07-01||[http://www.city.utashinai.hokkaido.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Fukagawa, Hokkaidō|Fukagawa]]||24,777||529.23||46.8||1963-05-01||[http://www.city.fukagawa.hokkaido.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091231134526/http://www.city.fukagawa.hokkaido.jp/ |date=2009-12-31 }} |- |align="left"|[[Furano, Hokkaidō|Furano]]||24,890||600.97||41.4||1966-05-01||[http://www.city.furano.hokkaido.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Noboribetsu, Hokkaidō|Noboribetsu]]||53,340||212.11||251||1970-08-01||[http://www.city.noboribetsu.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Eniwa, Hokkaidō|Eniwa]]||68,604||294.87||233||1970-11-01||[http://www.city.eniwa.hokkaido.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Date, Hokkaidō]]||37,476||444.28||84.4||1972-04-01||[http://www.city.date.hokkaido.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Kitahiroshima, Hokkaidō|Kitahiroshima]]||61,094||118.54||515||1996-09-01||[http://www.city.kitahiroshima.hokkaido.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Ishikari, Hokkaidō|Ishikari]]||61,474||721.86||85.2||1996-09-01||[http://www.city.ishikari.hokkaido.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Shibetsu, Hokkaidō|Shibetsu]]||23,197||1,119.29||20.7||2005-09-01||[http://www.city.shibetsu.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Kushiro, Hokkaidō|Kushiro]]||190,890||1,362.75||140||2005-10-11||[http://www.city.kushiro.hokkaido.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060323035246/http://www.city.kushiro.hokkaido.jp/ |date=2006-03-23 }} |- |align="left"|[[Hokuto, Hokkaidō]]||49,506||397.30||125||2006-02-01||[http://www.city.hokuto.hokkaido.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Kitami, Hokkaidō|Kitami]]||127,328||1,427.56||89.2||2006-03-05||[http://www.city.kitami.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Nayoro, Hokkaidō|Nayoro]]||31,300||535.23||58.5||2006-03-27||[http://www.city.nayoro.lg.jp/] |} == Hyōgo == * population:2008-01-01<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://web.pref.hyogo.jp/ac08/ac08_5_000000004.html |title=兵庫県/推計人口<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2008-04-03 |archive-date=2007-10-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071013000756/http://web.pref.hyogo.jp/ac08/ac08_5_000000004.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> {|class="wikitable sortable" width="100%" style="text-align:right" ! City name !! Population !! Area !! Density !! Founded !! Homepage |- |align="left"|[[Kobe]]||1,530,847||552.23||2,772||1889-04-01||[http://www.city.kobe.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Himeji, Hyōgo|Himeji]]||536,170||534.27||1,004||1889-04-01||[http://www.city.himeji.hyogo.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190907223328/http://www.city.himeji.hyogo.jp/ |date=2019-09-07 }} |- |align="left"|[[Amagasaki, Hyōgo|Amagasaki]]||461,202||49.77||9,267||1916-04-01||[http://www.city.amagasaki.hyogo.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Akashi, Hyōgo|Akashi]]||292,162||49.24||5,933||1919-11-01||[http://www.city.akashi.hyogo.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031019194909/http://www.city.akashi.hyogo.jp/ |date=2003-10-19 }} |- |align="left"|[[Nishinomiya, Hyōgo|Nishinomiya]]||477,056||99.96||4,772||1925-04-01||[http://www.nishi.or.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Ashiya, Hyōgo|Ashiya]]||92,828||18.47||5,026||1940-11-10||[http://www.city.ashiya.hyogo.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090627031903/http://www.city.ashiya.hyogo.jp/ |date=2009-06-27 }} |- |align="left"|[[Itami, Hyōgo|Itami]]||194,488||24.97||7,789||1940-11-10||[http://www.city.itami.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Aioi, Hyōgo|Aioi]]||31,973||90.45||353||1942-10-01||[http://www.city.aioi.hyogo.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050827184359/http://www.city.aioi.hyogo.jp/ |date=2005-08-27 }} |- |align="left"|[[Toyooka, Hyōgo|Toyooka]]||87,555||697.66||125||1950-04-01||[http://www.city.toyooka.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Kakogawa, Hyōgo|Kakogawa]]||267,631||138.51||1,932||1950-06-15||[http://www.city.kakogawa.hyogo.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030930010510/http://www.city.kakogawa.hyogo.jp/ |date=2003-09-30 }} |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Ako</span>[[Akō, Hyōgo|Akō]]||51,277||126.88||404||1951-09-01||[http://www.city.ako.hyogo.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050822230242/http://www.city.ako.hyogo.jp/ |date=2005-08-22 }} |- |align="left"|[[Takarazuka, Hyōgo|Takarazuka]]||222,071||101.80||2,181||1954-04-01||[http://www.city.takarazuka.hyogo.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100323000426/http://www.city.takarazuka.hyogo.jp/foreign/en/index.html |date=2010-03-23 }} |- |align="left"|[[Miki, Hyōgo|Miki]]||83,244||176.58||471||1954-06-01||[http://www.city.miki.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Takasago, Hyōgo|Takasago]]||94,198||34.40||2,738||1954-07-01||[http://www.city.takasago.hyogo.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100111064811/http://www.city.takasago.hyogo.jp/ |date=2010-01-11 }} |- |align="left"|[[Kawanishi, Hyōgo|Kawanishi]]||157,461||53.44||2,947||1954-08-01||[http://www.city.kawanishi.hyogo.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Ono, Hyōgo]]||49,664||92.92||534||1954-12-01||[http://www.city.ono.hyogo.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Sanda, Hyōgo|Sanda]]||113,600||210.22||540||1958-07-01||[http://www.city.sanda.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Kasai, Hyōgo|Kasai]]||48,435||150.95||321||1967-04-01||[http://www.city.kasai.hyogo.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Sasayama, Hyōgo|Sasayama]]||44,345||377.61||117||1999-04-01||[http://www.city.sasayama.hyogo.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100205231832/http://www.city.sasayama.hyogo.jp/ |date=2010-02-05 }} |- |align="left"|[[Yabu, Hyōgo|Yabu]]||27,428||422.78||64.9||2004-04-01||[http://www.city.yabu.hyogo.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Tamba, Hyōgo|Tamba]]||69,233||493.28||140||2004-11-01||[http://www.city.tamba.hyogo.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050519012346/http://www.city.tamba.hyogo.jp/ |date=2005-05-19 }} |- |align="left"|[[Minamiawaji, Hyōgo|Minamiawaji]]||51,069||229.18||223||2005-01-11||[http://www.city.minamiawaji.hyogo.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Asago, Hyōgo|Asago]]||34,084||402.98||84.6||2005-04-01||[http://www.city.asago.hyogo.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Awaji, Hyōgo|Awaji]]||47,849||184.21||260||2005-04-01||[http://www.city.awaji.hyogo.jp/] |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Shiso</span>[[Shisō, Hyōgo|Shisō]]||42,302||658.60||64.2||2005-04-01||[http://www.city.shiso.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Nishiwaki, Hyōgo|Nishiwaki]]||43,126||132.47||326||2005-10-01||[http://www.city.nishiwaki.hyogo.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050831112740/http://www.city.nishiwaki.hyogo.jp/ |date=2005-08-31 }} |- |align="left"|[[Tatsuno, Hyōgo|Tatsuno]]||80,988||210.93||384||2005-10-01||[http://www.city.tatsuno.hyogo.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100111070620/http://www.city.tatsuno.hyogo.jp/ |date=2010-01-11 }} |- |align="left"|[[Sumoto, Hyōgo|Sumoto]]||48,631||182.47||267||2006-02-11||[http://www.city.sumoto.hyogo.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100111034013/http://www.city.sumoto.hyogo.jp/ |date=2010-01-11 }} |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Kato</span>[[Katō, Hyōgo|Katō]]||39,935||157.49||254||2006-03-20||[http://www.city.kato.lg.jp/] |} == Ibaraki == * population:2008-01-01<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.pref.ibaraki.jp/tokei/betu/jinko/getsu/index.htm |title=茨城県の人口と世帯（推計）<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2008-03-25 |archive-date=2008-03-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080325190656/http://www.pref.ibaraki.jp/tokei/betu/jinko/getsu/index.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> {|class="wikitable sortable" width="100%" style="text-align:right" ! City name !! Population !! Area !! Density !! Founded !! Homepage |- |align="left"|[[Mito, Ibaraki|Mito]]||264,062||217.43||1,214||1889-04-01||[http://www.city.mito.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Hitachi, Ibaraki|Hitachi]]||195,844||225.55||868||1939-09-01||[http://www.city.hitachi.ibaraki.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050904224525/http://www.city.hitachi.ibaraki.jp/ |date=2005-09-04 }} |- |align="left"|[[Tsuchiura, Ibaraki|Tsuchiura]]||143,986||113.82||1,265||1940-11-03||[http://www.city.tsuchiura.ibaraki.jp/]{{Pranala mati|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Yuki</span>[[Yūki, Ibaraki|Yūki]]||52,065||65.84||791||1954-03-15||[http://www.city.yuki.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Ryugasaki</span>[[Ryūgasaki, Ibaraki|Ryūgasaki]]||79,295||78.20||1,014||1954-03-20||[http://www.city.ryugasaki.ibaraki.jp/toppage.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080918222403/http://www.city.ryugasaki.ibaraki.jp/toppage.html |date=2008-09-18 }} |- |align="left"|[[Shimotsuma, Ibaraki|Shimotsuma]]||45,918||80.88||568||1954-06-01||[http://www.city.shimotsuma.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Joso</span>[[Jōsō, Ibaraki|Jōsō]]||65,858||123.52||533||1954-07-10||[http://www.city.joso.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Hitachiota</span>[[Hitachiōta, Ibaraki|Hitachiōta]]||58,461||372.01||157||1954-07-15||[http://www.city.hitachiota.ibaraki.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Takahagi, Ibaraki|Takahagi]]||32,031||193.65||165||1954-11-23||[http://www.city.takahagi.ibaraki.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Kitaibaraki, Ibaraki|Kitaibaraki]]||48,437||186.55||260||1956-03-31||[http://www.city-kitaibaraki.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080208195100/http://www.city-kitaibaraki.jp/ |date=2008-02-08 }} |- |align="left"|[[Toride, Ibaraki|Toride]]||109,953||69.96||1,572||1970-10-01||[http://www.city.toride.ibaraki.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Ushiku, Ibaraki|Ushiku]]||79,254||58.88||1,346||1986-06-01||[http://www.city.ushiku.ibaraki.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031013035340/http://www.city.ushiku.ibaraki.jp/ |date=2003-10-13 }} |- |align="left"|[[Tsukuba, Ibaraki|Tsukuba]]||207,314||284.07||730||1987-11-30||[http://www.city.tsukuba.ibaraki.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050826064935/http://www.city.tsukuba.ibaraki.jp/ |date=2005-08-26 }} |- |align="left"|[[Hitachinaka, Ibaraki|Hitachinaka]]||155,338||99.04||1,568||1994-11-01||[http://www.city.hitachinaka.ibaraki.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Kashima, Ibaraki]]||65,193||92.96||701||1995-09-01||[http://www.city.kashima.ibaraki.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Itako, Ibaraki|Itako]]||31,103||62.67||496||2001-04-01||[http://www.city.itako.ibaraki.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Moriya, Ibaraki|Moriya]]||57,793||35.63||1,622||2002-02-02||[http://www.city.moriya.ibaraki.jp/] |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Hitachiomiya</span>[[Hitachiōmiya, Ibaraki|Hitachiōmiya]]||46,729||348.38||134||2004-10-16||[http://www.city.hitachiomiya.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Naka, Ibaraki|Naka]]||54,618||97.80||558||2005-01-21||[http://www.city.naka.ibaraki.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160823124000/http://www.city.naka.ibaraki.jp/ |date=2016-08-23 }} |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Bando</span>[[Bandō, Ibaraki|Bandō]]||57,128||123.18||464||2005-03-22||[http://www.city.bando.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Inashiki, Ibaraki|Inashiki]]||48,125||178.12||270||2005-03-22||[http://www.city.inashiki.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Chikusei, Ibaraki|Chikusei]]||110,813||205.35||540||2005-03-28||[http://www.city.chikusei.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Kasumigaura, Ibaraki|Kasumigaura]]||44,450||118.77||374||2005-03-28||[http://www.city.kasumigaura.ibaraki.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081017095928/http://www.city.kasumigaura.ibaraki.jp/ |date=2008-10-17 }} |- |align="left"|[[Kamisu, Ibaraki|Kamisu]]||93,538||147.24||635||2005-08-01||[http://www.city.kamisu.ibaraki.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Namegata, Ibaraki|Namegata]]||39,117||166.33||235||2005-09-02||[http://www.city.namegata.ibaraki.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Koga, Ibaraki]]||144,392||123.58||1,168||2005-09-12||[http://www.city.ibaraki-koga.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Ishioka, Ibaraki|Ishioka]]||80,502||213.38||377||2005-10-01||[http://city.ishioka.lg.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081220154144/http://city.ishioka.lg.jp/ |date=2008-12-20 }} |- |align="left"|[[Sakuragawa, Ibaraki|Sakuragawa]]||47,480||179.78||264||2005-10-01||[http://www.city.sakuragawa.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Hokota, Ibaraki|Hokota]]||50,869||203.90||249||2005-10-11||[http://www.city.hokota.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Kasama, Ibaraki|Kasama]]||80,646||240.27||336||2006-03-19||[http://www.city.kasama.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Tsukubamirai, Ibaraki|Tsukubamirai]]||41,957||79.14||530||2006-03-27||[http://www.city.tsukubamirai.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Omitama, Ibaraki|Omitama]]||52,834||140.21||377||2006-03-27||[http://www.city.omitama.lg.jp/] |} == Ishikawa == * population:2008-01-01<ref>[http://toukei.pref.ishikawa.jp/search/min.asp?sc_id=10 いしかわ統計指標ランド 石川県の統計情報ポータルサイト<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> {|class="wikitable sortable" width="100%" style="text-align:right" ! City name !! Population !! Area !! Density !! Founded !! Homepage |- |align="left"|[[Kanazawa, Ishikawa|Kanazawa]]||455,595||467.77||974||1889-04-01||[http://www4.city.kanazawa.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Nanao, Ishikawa|Nanao]]||60,140||317.96||189||1939-07-20||[http://www.city.nanao.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Komatsu, Ishikawa|Komatsu]]||109,285||371.13||294||1940-12-01||[http://www.city.komatsu.ishikawa.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031018035511/http://www.city.komatsu.ishikawa.jp/ |date=2003-10-18 }} |- |align="left"|[[Suzu, Ishikawa|Suzu]]||17,111||247.20||69.2||1954-07-15||[http://www.city.suzu.ishikawa.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Hakui, Ishikawa|Hakui]]||23,963||81.96||292||1958-07-01||[http://www.city.hakui.ishikawa.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Kahoku, Ishikawa|Kahoku]]||34,747||64.76||537||2004-03-01||[http://www.city.kahoku.ishikawa.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Hakusan, Ishikawa|Hakusan]]||110,563||755.17||146||2005-02-01||[http://www.city.hakusan.ishikawa.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070219135937/http://www.city.hakusan.ishikawa.jp/ |date=2007-02-19 }} |- |align="left"|[[Nomi, Ishikawa|Nomi]]||48,106||83.85||574||2005-02-01||[http://www.city.nomi.ishikawa.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090521152917/http://www.city.nomi.ishikawa.jp/english/ |date=2009-05-21 }} |- |align="left"|[[Kaga, Ishikawa|Kaga]]||73,745||306.00||241||2005-10-01||[http://www.city.kaga.ishikawa.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Wajima, Ishikawa|Wajima]]||31,532||426.25||74.0||2006-02-01||[http://www.city.wajima.ishikawa.jp/] |} == Iwate == * population:2008-01-01<ref>http://www2.pref.iwate.jp/h/hp0206/ToukeiDB.nsf/A_ResultChousa?OpenAgent&C=I002 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060218143311/http://www2.pref.iwate.jp/h/hp0206/ToukeiDB.nsf/A_ResultChousa?OpenAgent&C=I002 |date=2006-02-18 }} 毎月人口推計の概要</ref> {|class="wikitable sortable" width="100%" style="text-align:right" ! City name !! Population !! Area !! Density !! Founded !! Homepage |- |align="left"|[[Morioka, Iwate|Morioka]]||299,746||886.47||338||1889-04-01||[http://www.city.morioka.iwate.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Kamaishi, Iwate|Kamaishi]]||41,348||441.42||93.7||1937-05-05||[http://www.city.kamaishi.iwate.jp/] |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Ofunato</span>[[Ōfunato, Iwate|Ōfunato]]||42,119||323.28||130||1952-04-01||[http://www.city.ofunato.iwate.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Rikuzentakata, Iwate|Rikuzentakata]]||23,961||232.29||103||1955-01-01||[http://www.city.rikuzentakata.iwate.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Kitakami, Iwate|Kitakami]]||94,806||437.55||217||1991-04-01||[http://www.city.kitakami.iwate.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Miyako, Iwate|Miyako]]||58,342||696.82||83.7||2005-06-06||[http://www.city.miyako.iwate.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Hachimantai, Iwate|Hachimantai]]||29,993||862.25||34.8||2005-09-01||[http://www.city.hachimantai.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Ichinoseki, Iwate|Ichinoseki]]||123,155||1,133.10||109||2005-09-20||[http://www.city.ichinoseki.iwate.jp/] |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Tono</span>[[Tōno, Iwate|Tōno]]||30,587||825.62||37.0||2005-10-01||[http://www.city.tono.iwate.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Hanamaki, Iwate|Hanamaki]]||103,718||908.32||114||2006-01-01||[http://www.city.hanamaki.iwate.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Ninohe, Iwate|Ninohe]]||30,685||420.31||73.0||2006-01-01||[http://www.city.ninohe.iwate.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100309140524/http://www.city.ninohe.iwate.jp/ |date=2010-03-09 }} |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Oshu</span>[[Ōshū, Iwate|Ōshū]]||128,273||993.35||129||2006-02-20||[http://www.city.oshu.iwate.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Kuji, Iwate|Kuji]]||37,824||623.14||60.7||2006-03-06||[http://www.city.kuji.iwate.jp/] |} == Kagawa == * population:2008-01-01<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.pref.kagawa.jp/toukei/Population.htm |title=統計速報(香川県推計人口及び人口移動)<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2008-04-03 |archive-date=2008-01-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080129073738/http://www.pref.kagawa.jp/toukei/Population.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> {|class="wikitable sortable" width="100%" style="text-align:right" ! City name !! Population !! Area !! Density !! Founded !! Homepage |- |align="left"|[[Takamatsu, Kagawa|Takamatsu]]||418,557||375.11||1,116||1890-02-15||[http://www.city.takamatsu.kagawa.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Marugame, Kagawa|Marugame]]||110,550||111.79||989||1899-04-01||[http://www.city.marugame.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Sakaide, Kagawa|Sakaide]]||56,501||92.46||611||1942-07-01||[http://www.city.sakaide.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Zentsuji</span>[[Zentsūji, Kagawa|Zentsūji]]||35,180||39.88||882||1954-03-31||[http://www.city.zentsuji.kagawa.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Sanuki, Kagawa|Sanuki]]||54,832||158.90||345||2002-04-01||[http://www.city.sanuki.kagawa.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Higashikagawa, Kagawa|Higashikagawa]]||34,953||153.35||228||2003-04-01||[http://www.higashikagawa.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Mitoyo, Kagawa|Mitoyo]]||69,997||222.66||314||2006-01-01||[http://www.city.mitoyo.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Kan'onji, Kagawa|Kan'onji]]||64,020||117.47||545||2007-03-12||[http://www.city.kanonji.kagawa.jp/] |} == Kagoshima == * population:2008-01-01<ref>http://www.pref.kagoshima.jp/tokei/bunya/jinko/suikei/index.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080311024207/http://www.pref.kagoshima.jp/tokei/bunya/jinko/suikei/index.html |date=2008-03-11 }} 鹿児島県毎月推計人口</ref> {|class="wikitable sortable" width="100%" style="text-align:right" ! City name !! Population !! Area !! Density !! Founded !! Homepage |- |align="left"|[[Kagoshima, Kagoshima|Kagoshima]]||605,196||547.06||1,106||1889-04-01||[http://www.city.kagoshima.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Kanoya, Kagoshima|Kanoya]]||105,673||448.33||236||1941-05-27||[http://www.e-kanoya.net/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070918223533/http://www.e-kanoya.net/ |date=2007-09-18 }} |- |align="left"|[[Makurazaki, Kagoshima|Makurazaki]]||24,400||74.88||326||1949-09-01||[http://www.city.makurazaki.kagoshima.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Akune, Kagoshima|Akune]]||24,166||134.30||180||1952-04-01||[http://www.city.akune.kagoshima.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Izumi, Kagoshima]]||56,851||330.06||172||1954-04-01||[http://www.city.izumi.kagoshima.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030928012037/http://www.city.izumi.kagoshima.jp/ |date=2003-09-28 }} |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Okuchi</span>[[Ōkuchi, Kagoshima|Ōkuchi]]||21,504||291.89||73.7||1954-04-01||[http://www.city.okuchi.kagoshima.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040323151701/http://www.city.okuchi.kagoshima.jp/ |date=2004-03-23 }} |- |align="left"|[[Ibusuki, Kagoshima|Ibusuki]]||45,455||149.01||305||1954-04-01||[http://www.city.ibusuki.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Minamisatsuma, Kagoshima|Minamisatsuma]]||40,386||283.35||143||1954-07-15||[http://www.city.minamisatsuma.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Nishinoomote, Kagoshima|Nishinoomote]]||17,666||205.75||85.9||1958-10-01||[http://www.city.nishinoomote.kagoshima.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031011212628/http://www.city.nishinoomote.kagoshima.jp/ |date=2003-10-11 }} |- |align="left"|[[Tarumizu, Kagoshima|Tarumizu]]||18,078||162.01||112||1958-10-01||[http://www.city.tarumizu.kagoshima.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070222130952/http://www.city.tarumizu.kagoshima.jp/ |date=2007-02-22 }} |- |align="left"|[[Satsumasendai, Kagoshima|Satsumasendai]]||100,730||683.50||147||2004-10-12||[http://www.city.satsumasendai.kagoshima.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041020012842/http://www.city.satsumasendai.kagoshima.jp/ |date=2004-10-20 }} |- |align="left"|[[Hioki, Kagoshima|Hioki]]||51,472||253.06||203||2005-05-01||[http://www.city.hioki.kagoshima.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Soo, Kagoshima|Soo]]||41,179||390.39||105||2005-07-01||[http://www.city.soo.kagoshima.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Ichikikushikino, Kagoshima|Ichikikushikino]]||32,079||112.04||286||2005-10-11||[http://www.city.ichikikushikino.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Kirishima, Kagoshima|Kirishima]]||127,726||603.68||212||2005-11-07||[http://www.city-kirishima.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Shibushi, Kagoshima|Shibushi]]||34,105||289.93||118||2006-01-01||[http://www.city.shibushi.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Amami, Kagoshima|Amami]]||48,116||306.20||157||2006-03-20||[http://www.city.amami.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Minamikyushu</span>[[Minamikyūshū, Kagoshima|Minamikyūshū]]||40,891||357.85||114||2007-12-01||[http://www.city.minamikyushu.lg.jp/] |} == Kanagawa == * population:2008-01-01<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.pref.kanagawa.jp/tokei/tokei/204/jinko.html |title=神奈川県の人口と世帯 : 神奈川県<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2008-04-03 |archive-date=2012-04-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120424041142/http://www.pref.kanagawa.jp/tokei/tokei/204/jinko.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> {|class="wikitable sortable" width="100%" style="text-align:right" ! City name !! Population !! Area !! Density !! Founded !! Homepage |- |align="left"|[[Yokohama]]||3,631,236||437.38||8,302||1889-04-01||[http://www.city.yokohama.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Yokosuka, Kanagawa|Yokosuka]]||421,397||100.68||4,186||1907-02-15||[http://www.city.yokosuka.kanagawa.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Kawasaki, Kanagawa|Kawasaki]]||1,373,630||142.70||9,626||1924-07-01||[http://www.city.kawasaki.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Hiratsuka, Kanagawa|Hiratsuka]]||260,419||67.83||3,839||1932-04-01||[http://www.city.hiratsuka.kanagawa.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Kamakura, Kanagawa|Kamakura]]||173,588||39.60||4,384||1939-11-03||[http://www.city.kamakura.kanagawa.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Fujisawa, Kanagawa|Fujisawa]]||402,628||69.51||5,792||1940-10-01||[http://www.city.fujisawa.kanagawa.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Odawara, Kanagawa|Odawara]]||198,841||114.09||1,743||1940-12-20||[http://www.city.odawara.kanagawa.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Chigasaki, Kanagawa|Chigasaki]]||231,005||35.71||6,469||1947-10-01||[http://www.city.chigasaki.kanagawa.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Zushi, Kanagawa|Zushi]]||58,654||17.34||3,383||1954-04-15||[http://www.city.zushi.kanagawa.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Sagamihara, Kanagawa|Sagamihara]]||706,342||328.84||2,148||1954-11-20||[http://www.city.sagamihara.kanagawa.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Miura, Kanagawa|Miura]]||49,371||32.28||1,529||1955-01-01||[http://www.city.miura.kanagawa.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Hadano, Kanagawa|Hadano]]||169,201||103.61||1,633||1955-01-01||[http://www.city.hadano.kanagawa.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Atsugi, Kanagawa|Atsugi]]||225,163||93.83||2,400||1955-02-01||[http://www.city.atsugi.kanagawa.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Yamato, Kanagawa|Yamato]]||223,127||27.06||8,246||1959-02-01||[http://www.city.yamato.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Isehara, Kanagawa|Isehara]]||100,779||55.52||1,815||1971-03-01||[http://www.city.isehara.kanagawa.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Ebina, Kanagawa|Ebina]]||126,035||26.48||4,760||1971-11-01||[http://www.city.ebina.kanagawa.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Zama, Kanagawa|Zama]]||127,582||17.58||7,257||1971-11-01||[http://www.city.zama.kanagawa.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Minamiashigara, Kanagawa|Minamiashigara]]||44,285||76.93||576||1972-04-01||[http://www.city.minamiashigara.kanagawa.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Ayase, Kanagawa|Ayase]]||82,083||22.28||3,684||1978-11-01||[http://www.city.ayase.kanagawa.jp/] |} == Kōchi == * population:2008-02-29<ref>[http://www.pref.kochi.jp/~toukei/index.htm 住民基本台帳人口移動]</ref> {|class="wikitable sortable" width="100%" style="text-align:right" ! City name !! Population !! Area !! Density !! Founded !! Homepage |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Kochi</span>[[Kōchi, Kōchi|Kōchi]]||342,944||309.22||1,109||1889-04-01||[http://www.city.kochi.kochi.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Sukumo, Kōchi|Sukumo]]||23,771||286.11||83.1||1954-03-31||[http://www.city.sukumo.kochi.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Aki, Kōchi|Aki]]||20,555||317.34||64.8||1954-08-01||[http://www.city.aki.kochi.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Tosashimizu, Kōchi|Tosashimizu]]||17,421||266.54||65.4||1954-08-01||[http://www.city.tosashimizu.kochi.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Susaki, Kōchi|Susaki]]||25,679||135.46||190||1954-10-01||[http://www.city.susaki.kochi.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Tosa, Kōchi|Tosa]]||29,726||91.59||325||1959-01-01||[http://www.inforyoma.or.jp/tosashi/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051212060935/http://www.inforyoma.or.jp/tosashi/ |date=2005-12-12 }} |- |align="left"|[[Muroto, Kōchi|Muroto]]||17,683||248.25||71.2||1959-03-01||[http://www.city.muroto.kochi.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Nankoku, Kōchi|Nankoku]]||50,315||125.35||401||1959-10-01||[http://www.city.nankoku.kochi.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031008163502/http://www.city.nankoku.kochi.jp/ |date=2003-10-08 }} |- |align="left"|[[Shimanto, Kōchi|Shimanto]]||37,182||632.42||58.8||2005-04-10||[http://www.city.shimanto.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Kami, Kōchi|Kami]]||29,144||538.22||54.1||2006-03-01||[http://www.city.kami.kochi.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121031134322/http://www.city.kami.kochi.jp/ |date=2012-10-31 }} |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Konan</span>[[Kōnan, Kōchi]]||34,084||126.49||269||2006-03-01||[http://www.city.kochi-konan.lg.jp/] |} == Kumamoto == * population:2008-01-01<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.pref.kumamoto.jp/statistics/jinko/jinko/geppo.htm |title=熊本県の人口と世帯数 月報<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2008-04-03 |archive-date=2001-11-20 |archive-url=https://archive.is/20011120195824/http://www.pref.kumamoto.jp/statistics/jinko/jinko/geppo.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> {|class="wikitable sortable" width="100%" style="text-align:right" ! City name !! Population !! Area !! Density !! Founded !! Homepage |- |align="left"|[[Kumamoto, Kumamoto|Kumamoto]]||670,348||267.23||2,509||1889-04-01||[http://www.city.kumamoto.kumamoto.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030423003228/http://www.city.kumamoto.kumamoto.jp/ |date=2003-04-23 }} |- |align="left"|[[Yatsushiro, Kumamoto|Yatsushiro]]||134,491||680.59||198||1940-09-01||[http://www.city.yatsushiro.kumamoto.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Hitoyoshi, Kumamoto|Hitoyoshi]]||36,556||210.55||174||1942-02-11||[http://www.city.hitoyoshi.kumamoto.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100401162749/http://www.city.hitoyoshi.kumamoto.jp/ |date=2010-04-01 }} |- |align="left"|[[Arao, Kumamoto|Arao]]||55,505||57.15||971||1942-04-01||[http://www.city.arao.kumamoto.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050829091234/http://www.city.arao.kumamoto.jp/ |date=2005-08-29 }} |- |align="left"|[[Minamata, Kumamoto|Minamata]]||28,123||162.88||173||1949-04-01||[http://www.minamatacity.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Tamana, Kumamoto|Tamana]]||70,747||152.55||464||1954-04-01||[http://www.city.tamana.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Yamaga, Kumamoto|Yamaga]]||56,741||299.67||189||1954-04-01||[http://www.city.yamaga.kumamoto.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050126040213/http://city.yamaga.kumamoto.jp/ |date=2005-01-26 }} |- |align="left"|[[Kikuchi, Kumamoto|Kikuchi]]||51,471||276.66||186||1958-08-01||[http://www.city.kikuchi.kumamoto.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110919121754/http://www.city.kikuchi.kumamoto.jp/ |date=2011-09-19 }} |- |align="left"|[[Uto, Kumamoto|Uto]]||37,897||74.19||511||1958-10-01||[http://www.city.uto.kumamoto.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120716212732/http://www.city.uto.kumamoto.jp/ |date=2012-07-16 }} |- |align="left"|[[Kamiamakusa, Kumamoto|Kamiamakusa]]||31,051||126.13||246||2004-03-31||[http://www.kamiamakusa-c.kumamoto-sgn.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090224085647/http://www.kamiamakusa-c.kumamoto-sgn.jp/ |date=2009-02-24 }} |- |align="left"|[[Uki, Kumamoto|Uki]]||62,718||188.56||333||2005-01-15||[http://www.city.uki.kumamoto.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Aso, Kumamoto|Aso]]||29,149||376.25||77.5||2005-02-11||[http://www.city.aso.kumamoto.jp/] |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Koshi</span>[[Kōshi, Kumamoto|Kōshi]]||53,490||53.17||1,006||2006-02-27||[http://www.city.koshi.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Amakusa, Kumamoto|Amakusa]]||93,047||683.17||136||2006-03-27||[http://www.city.amakusa.kumamoto.jp/] |} == Kyoto == * population:2008-01-01<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.pref.kyoto.jp/tokei/data/a0300i.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2008-04-03 |archive-date=2008-02-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080225175115/http://www.pref.kyoto.jp/tokei/data/a0300i.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> {|class="wikitable sortable" width="100%" style="text-align:right" ! City name !! Population !! Area !! Density !! Founded !! Homepage |- |align="left"|[[Kyoto, Kyoto|Kyoto]]||1,468,906||827.90||1,774||1889-04-01||[http://www.city.kyoto.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Fukuchiyama, Kyoto|Fukuchiyama]]||80,836||552.57||146||1937-04-01||[http://www.city.fukuchiyama.kyoto.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Maizuru, Kyoto|Maizuru]]||90,461||342.15||264||1943-05-27||[http://www.city.maizuru.kyoto.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Ayabe, Kyoto|Ayabe]]||37,081||347.11||107||1950-08-01||[http://www.city.ayabe.kyoto.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070210163241/http://www.city.ayabe.kyoto.jp/ |date=2007-02-10 }} |- |align="left"|[[Uji, Kyoto|Uji]]||191,297||67.55||2,832||1951-03-01||[http://www.city.uji.kyoto.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Miyazu, Kyoto|Miyazu]]||20,565||169.32||121||1954-06-01||[http://www.city.miyazu.kyoto.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Kameoka, Kyoto|Kameoka]]||93,641||224.90||416||1955-01-01||[http://www.city.kameoka.kyoto.jp/] |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Joyo</span>[[Jōyō, Kyoto|Jōyō]]||80,795||32.74||2,468||1972-05-03||[http://www.city.joyo.kyoto.jp/] |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Muko</span>[[Mukō, Kyoto|Mukō]]||55,137||7.67||7,189||1972-10-01||[http://www.city.muko.kyoto.jp/] |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Nagaokakyo</span>[[Nagaokakyō, Kyoto|Nagaokakyō]]||79,031||19.18||4,120||1972-10-01||[http://www.city.nagaokakyo.kyoto.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051125110930/http://www.city.nagaokakyo.kyoto.jp/ |date=2005-11-25 }} |- |align="left"|[[Yawata, Kyoto|Yawata]]||73,822||24.37||3,029||1977-11-01||[http://www.city.yawata.kyoto.jp/] |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Kyotanabe</span>[[Kyōtanabe, Kyoto|Kyōtanabe]]||65,211||42.94||1,519||1997-04-01||[http://www.kyotanabe.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121013120104/http://www.kyotanabe.jp/ |date=2012-10-13 }} |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Kyotango</span>[[Kyōtango, Kyoto|Kyōtango]]||60,980||501.84||122||2004-04-01||[http://www.city.kyotango.kyoto.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121008195221/http://www.city.kyotango.kyoto.jp/ |date=2012-10-08 }} |- |align="left"|[[Nantan, Kyoto|Nantan]]||35,937||616.31||58.3||2006-06-01||[http://www.city.nantan.kyoto.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Kizugawa, Kyoto|Kizugawa]]||66,783||85.12||785||2007-03-12||[http://www.city.kizugawa.lg.jp/] |} == Mi == * population:2008-01-01<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.pref.mie.jp/DATABOX/library.htm#jinko |title=みえDataBox（データライブラリ）毎月調査<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2008-04-03 |archive-date=2008-03-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080306000722/http://www.pref.mie.jp/databox/library.htm#jinko |url-status=dead }}</ref> {|class="wikitable sortable" width="100%" style="text-align:right" ! City name !! Population !! Area !! Density !! Founded !! Homepage |- |align="left"|[[Yokkaichi, Mi|Yokkaichi]]||306,584||205.53||1,492||1897-08-01||[http://www.city.yokkaichi.mie.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Matsusaka, Mi|Matsusaka]]||169,571||623.82||272||1933-02-01||[http://www.city.matsusaka.mie.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Kuwana, Mi|Kuwana]]||140,816||136.61||1,031||1937-04-01||[http://www.city.kuwana.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Suzuka, Mi|Suzuka]]||197,437||194.67||1,014||1942-12-01||[http://www.city.suzuka.mie.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070217195322/http://www.city.suzuka.mie.jp/ |date=2007-02-17 }} |- |align="left"|[[Nabari, Mi|Nabari]]||81,184||129.76||626||1954-03-31||[http://www.city.nabari.mie.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070222100242/http://www.city.nabari.mie.jp/ |date=2007-02-22 }} |- |align="left"|[[Owase, Mi|Owase]]||21,272||193.16||110||1954-06-20||[http://www.city.owase.mie.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070706130035/http://www.city.owase.mie.jp/ |date=2007-07-06 }} |- |align="left"|[[Kameyama, Mi|Kameyama]]||50,304||190.91||263||1954-10-01||[http://www.city.kameyama.mie.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Toba, Mi|Toba]]||22,286||107.98||206||1954-11-01||[http://www.city.toba.mie.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Inabe, Mi|Inabe]]||46,676||219.58||213||2003-12-01||[http://www.city.inabe.mie.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Shima, Mi|Shima]]||56,758||179.70||316||2004-10-01||[http://www.city.shima.mie.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Iga, Mi|Iga]]||99,662||558.17||179||2004-11-01||[http://www.city.iga.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Ise, Mi|Ise]]||133,547||208.53||640||2005-11-01||[http://www.city.ise.mie.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Kumano, Mi|Kumano]]||20,477||373.63||54.8||2005-11-01||[http://www.city.kumano.mie.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Tsu, Mi|Tsu]]||289,215||710.81||407||2006-01-01||[http://www.info.city.tsu.mie.jp/] |} == Miyagi == * population:2008-01-01<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.pref.miyagi.jp/toukei/toukeidata/zinkou/jinkou/suikei_top/suikei_top.htm |title=宮城県/統計課/統計データ/宮城県推計人口（月報）<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2008-04-03 |archive-date=2011-03-22 |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20110322131800/http://www.pref.miyagi.jp/toukei/toukeidata/zinkou/jinkou/suikei_top/suikei_top.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> {|class="wikitable sortable" width="100%" style="text-align:right" ! City name !! Population !! Area !! Density !! Founded !! Homepage |- |align="left"|[[Sendai, Miyagi|Sendai]]||1,029,552||783.54||1,314||1889-04-01||[http://www.city.sendai.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Ishinomaki, Miyagi|Ishinomaki]]||163,840||555.77||295||1933-04-01||[http://www.city.ishinomaki.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Shiogama, Miyagi|Shiogama]]||58,057||17.86||3,251||1941-11-23||[http://www.city.shiogama.miyagi.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Shiroishi, Miyagi|Shiroishi]]||38,629||286.47||135||1954-04-01||[http://www.city.shiroishi.miyagi.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Natori, Miyagi|Natori]]||69,610||100.06||696||1958-10-01||[http://www.city.natori.miyagi.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Kakuda, Miyagi|Kakuda]]||32,559||147.58||221||1958-10-01||[http://www.city.kakuda.miyagi.jp/] |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Tagajo</span>[[Tagajō, Miyagi|Tagajō]]||63,200||19.65||3,216||1971-11-01||[http://www.city.tagajo.miyagi.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Iwanuma, Miyagi|Iwanuma]]||44,595||60.72||734||1971-11-01||[http://www.city.iwanuma.miyagi.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Tome, Miyagi|Tome]]||86,940||536.38||162||2005-04-01||[http://www.city.tome.miyagi.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Kurihara, Miyagi|Kurihara]]||77,862||804.93||96.7||2005-04-01||[http://www.kuriharacity.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Higashimatsushima, Miyagi|Higashimatsushima]]||43,238||101.86||424||2005-04-01||[http://www.city.higashimatsushima.miyagi.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Kesennuma, Miyagi|Kesennuma]]||64,578||226.67||285||2006-03-31||[http://www.city.kesennuma.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Osaki</span>[[Ōsaki, Miyagi|Ōsaki]]||137,164||796.76||172||2006-03-31||[http://www.city.osaki.miyagi.jp/] |} == Miyazaki == * population:2008-01-01<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.pref.miyazaki.lg.jp/contents/org/honbu/toukei/jinko-setai/index.html |title=市町村別人口と世帯数 |access-date=2008-04-03 |archive-date=2008-02-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080219020019/http://www.pref.miyazaki.lg.jp/contents/org/honbu/toukei/jinko-setai/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> {|class="wikitable sortable" width="100%" style="text-align:right" ! City name !! Population !! Area !! Density !! Founded !! Homepage |- |align="left"|[[Miyazaki, Miyazaki|Miyazaki]]||369,473||596.80||619||1924-04-01||[http://www.city.miyazaki.miyazaki.jp/] |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Miyakonojo</span>[[Miyakonojō, Miyazaki|Miyakonojō]]||169,384||653.31||259||1924-04-01||[http://www.city.miyakonojo.miyazaki.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Nobeoka, Miyazaki|Nobeoka]]||132,480||867.97||153||1933-02-11||[http://www.city.nobeoka.miyazaki.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Nichinan, Miyazaki|Nichinan]]||43,264||294.46||147||1950-01-01||[http://www.city-nichinan.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080113133737/http://www.city-nichinan.jp/ |date=2008-01-13 }} |- |align="left"|[[Kobayashi, Miyazaki|Kobayashi]]||40,514||474.23||85.4||1950-04-01||[http://www.city.kobayashi.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Hyuga</span>[[Hyūga, Miyazaki|Hyūga]]||63,066||336.29||188||1951-04-01||[http://www.city.hyuga.miyazaki.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Kushima, Miyazaki|Kushima]]||21,386||294.96||72.5||1954-11-03||[http://www.city.kushima.miyazaki.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Saito, Miyazaki|Saito]]||33,290||438.56||75.9||1958-11-01||[http://www.city.saito.miyazaki.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030928215807/http://www.city.saito.miyazaki.jp/ |date=2003-09-28 }} |- |align="left"|[[Ebino, Miyazaki|Ebino]]||22,445||283.00||79.3||1970-12-01||[http://www.city.ebino.lg.jp/] |} == Nagano == * population:2008-01-01<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www3.pref.nagano.jp/toukei1/jinkou/jinkou_1.htm |title=毎月人口異動調査結果 |access-date=2008-04-03 |archive-date=2008-06-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080614041638/http://www3.pref.nagano.jp/toukei1/jinkou/jinkou_1.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> {|class="wikitable sortable" width="100%" style="text-align:right" ! City name !! Population !! Area !! Density !! Founded !! Homepage |- |align="left"|[[Matsumoto, Nagano|Matsumoto]]||227,392||919.35||247||1907-05-01||[http://www.city.matsumoto.nagano.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Okaya, Nagano|Okaya]]||53,722||85.14||631||1936-04-01||[http://www.city.okaya.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Suwa, Nagano|Suwa]]||52,671||109.06||483||1941-08-10||[http://www.city.suwa.nagano.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050617013039/http://www.city.suwa.nagano.jp/ |date=2005-06-17 }} |- |align="left"|[[Suzaka, Nagano|Suzaka]]||53,097||149.84||354||1954-04-01||[http://www.city.suzaka.nagano.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Komoro, Nagano|Komoro]]||45,333||98.66||459||1954-04-01||[http://www.city.komoro.nagano.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20020914050105/http%3A//www.city.komoro.nagano.jp/ |date=2002-09-14 }} |- |align="left"|[[Komagane, Nagano|Komagane]]||34,696||165.92||209||1954-07-01||[http://www.city.komagane.nagano.jp/] |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Omachi</span>[[Ōmachi, Nagano|Ōmachi]]||31,276||564.99||55.4||1954-07-01||[http://www.city.omachi.nagano.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Iiyama, Nagano|Iiyama]]||24,155||202.32||119||1954-08-01||[http://www.city.iiyama.nagano.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Iida, Nagano|Iida]]||107,129||658.76||163||1956-09-30||[http://www.city.iida.nagano.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090831091330/http://www.city.iida.nagano.jp/ |date=2009-08-31 }} |- |align="left"|[[Chino, Nagano|Chino]]||57,363||266.41||215||1958-08-01||[http://www.city.chino.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Shiojiri, Nagano|Shiojiri]]||67,781||290.13||234||1959-04-01||[http://www.city.shiojiri.nagano.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010720092104/http://www.city.shiojiri.nagano.jp/ |date=2001-07-20 }} |- |align="left"|[[Nagano, Nagano|Nagano]]||378,204||730.83||517||1966-10-16||[http://www.city.nagano.nagano.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Chikuma, Nagano|Chikuma]]||63,305||119.84||528||2003-09-01||[http://www.city.chikuma.nagano.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030901020411/http://www.city.chikuma.nagano.jp/ |date=2003-09-01 }} |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Tomi</span>[[Tōmi, Nagano|Tōmi]]||31,211||112.30||278||2004-04-01||[http://www.city.tomi.nagano.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Nakano, Nagano|Nakano]]||46,295||112.06||413||2005-04-01||[http://www.city.nakano.nagano.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Saku, Nagano|Saku]]||100,077||423.99||236||2005-04-01||[http://www.city.saku.nagano.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Azumino, Nagano|Azumino]]||97,084||331.82||293||2005-10-01||[http://www.city.azumino.nagano.jp] |- |align="left"|[[Ueda, Nagano|Ueda]]||161,887||552.00||293||2006-03-06||[http://www.city.ueda.nagano.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Ina, Nagano|Ina]]||71,937||667.81||108||2006-03-31||[http://www.inacity.jp/] |} == Nagasaki == * population:2008-01-01<ref>[http://www.pref.nagasaki.jp/toukei/new_date/nen_geppou/tuki/kokuseichousa/suikei/suikei.htm 長崎県公式ウェブサイト｜長崎県の統計長崎県統計課のホームページへようこそ世帯数と推計人口<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> {|class="wikitable sortable" width="100%" style="text-align:right" ! City name !! Population !! Area !! Density !! Founded !! Homepage |- |align="left"|[[Nagasaki, Nagasaki|Nagasaki]]||448,792||406.37||1,104||1889-04-01||[http://www1.city.nagasaki.nagasaki.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151230090651/http://www1.city.nagasaki.nagasaki.jp/ |date=2015-12-30 }} |- |align="left"|[[Sasebo, Nagasaki|Sasebo]]||254,650||364.00||700||1902-04-01||[http://www.city.sasebo.nagasaki.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040702014029/http://www.city.sasebo.nagasaki.jp/ |date=2004-07-02 }} |- |align="left"|[[Shimabara, Nagasaki|Shimabara]]||48,953||82.77||591||1940-04-01||[http://www.city.shimabara.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Omura</span>[[Ōmura, Nagasaki|Ōmura]]||89,650||126.34||710||1942-02-11||[http://www.city.omura.nagasaki.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Tsushima, Nagasaki]]||36,347||708.81||51.3||2004-03-01||[http://www.city.tsushima.nagasaki.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Iki, Nagasaki|Iki]]||30,352||138.50||219||2004-03-01||[http://www.city.iki.nagasaki.jp/] |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Goto</span>[[Gotō, Nagasaki|Gotō]]||42,447||420.77||101||2004-08-01||[http://www.city.goto.nagasaki.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Isahaya, Nagasaki|Isahaya]]||142,635||312.24||457||2005-03-01||[http://www.city.isahaya.nagasaki.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Saikai, Nagasaki|Saikai]]||32,737||241.95||135||2005-04-01||[http://www.city.saikai.nagasaki.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Hirado, Nagasaki|Hirado]]||36,785||235.63||156||2005-10-01||[http://www.city.hirado.lg.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090416075114/http://www.city.hirado.lg.jp/ |date=2009-04-16 }} |- |align="left"|[[Unzen, Nagasaki|Unzen]]||48,701||206.92||235||2005-10-11||[http://www.city.unzen.nagasaki.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Matsuura, Nagasaki|Matsuura]]||26,007||130.35||200||2006-01-01||[http://www.city-matsuura.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Minamishimabara, Nagasaki|Minamishimabara]]||52,347||169.88||308||2006-03-31||[http://www.city.Minamishimabara.lg.jp/] |} == Nara == * population:2008-01-01<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.pref.nara.jp/pro/toukei/group/jinkou/jinkou.htm |title=各種人口統計<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2008-04-03 |archive-date=2008-01-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080118064416/http://www.pref.nara.jp/pro/toukei/group/jinkou/jinkou.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> {|class="wikitable sortable" width="100%" style="text-align:right" ! City name !! Population !! Area !! Density !! Founded !! Homepage |- |align="left"|[[Nara, Nara|Nara]]||367,393||276.84||1,327||1898-02-01||[http://www.city.nara.nara.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031008220336/http://www.city.nara.nara.jp/ |date=2003-10-08 }} |- |align="left"|[[Yamatotakada, Nara|Yamatotakada]]||69,473||16.49||4,213||1948-01-01||[http://www.city.yamatotakada.nara.jp/] |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Yamatokoriyama</span>[[Yamatokōriyama, Nara|Yamatokōriyama]]||90,223||42.68||2,114||1954-01-01||[http://www.city.yamatokoriyama.nara.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Tenri, Nara|Tenri]]||70,702||86.37||819||1954-04-01||[http://www.city.tenri.nara.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Kashihara, Nara|Kashihara]]||124,679||39.52||3,155||1956-02-11||[http://www.city.kashihara.nara.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Sakurai, Nara|Sakurai]]||60,699||98.92||614||1956-09-01||[http://www.city.sakurai.nara.jp/] |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Gojo</span>[[Gojō, Nara|Gojō]]||36,002||292.05||123||1957-10-15||[http://www.city.gojo.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Gose, Nara|Gose]]||31,160||60.58||514||1958-03-31||[http://www.city.gose.nara.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Ikoma, Nara|Ikoma]]||115,359||53.18||2,169||1971-11-01||[http://www.city.ikoma.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Kashiba, Nara|Kashiba]]||72,967||24.23||3,011||1991-10-01||[http://www.city.kashiba.nara.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Katsuragi, Nara|Katsuragi]]||35,194||33.73||1,043||2004-10-01||[http://www.city.katsuragi.nara.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Uda, Nara|Uda]]||35,895||247.62||145||2006-01-01||[http://www.city.uda.nara.jp/] |} == Niigata == * population:2008-01-01<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.pref.niigata.lg.jp/tokei/1194797750548.html |title=新潟県庁：新潟県人口移動調査（推計人口および人口移動）<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2008-04-03 |archive-date=2008-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080221042515/http://www.pref.niigata.lg.jp/tokei/1194797750548.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> {|class="wikitable sortable" width="100%" style="text-align:right" ! City name !! Population !! Area !! Density !! Founded !! Homepage |- |align="left"|[[Niigata, Niigata|Niigata]]||813,053||726.10||1,120||1889-04-01||[http://www.city.niigata.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Nagaoka, Niigata|Nagaoka]]||281,222||840.88||334||1906-04-01||[http://www.city.nagaoka.niigata.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Kashiwazaki, Niigata|Kashiwazaki]]||93,506||442.70||211||1940-07-01||[http://www.city.kashiwazaki.niigata.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031011010046/http://www.city.kashiwazaki.niigata.jp/ |date=2003-10-11 }} |- |align="left"|[[Shibata, Niigata|Shibata]]||103,490||532.82||194||1947-01-01||[http://www.city.shibata.niigata.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031017121056/http://www.city.shibata.niigata.jp/ |date=2003-10-17 }} |- |align="left"|[[Ojiya, Niigata|Ojiya]]||39,304||155.12||253||1954-03-10||[http://www.city.ojiya.niigata.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Kamo, Niigata|Kamo]]||30,800||133.68||230||1954-03-10||[http://www.city.kamo.niigata.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Mitsuke, Niigata|Mitsuke]]||42,139||77.96||541||1954-03-31||[http://www.city.mitsuke.niigata.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Murakami, Niigata|Murakami]]||30,197||142.12||212||1954-03-31||[http://www.city.murakami.niigata.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050828083750/http://www.city.murakami.niigata.jp/ |date=2005-08-28 }} |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Myoko</span>[[Myōkō, Niigata|Myōkō]]||36,837||445.52||82.7||1954-11-01||[http://www.city.myoko.niigata.jp/] |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Joetsu</span>[[Jōetsu, Niigata|Jōetsu]]||206,175||973.32||212||1971-04-29||[http://www.city.joetsu.niigata.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Sado, Niigata|Sado]]||65,037||855.26||76.0||2004-03-01||[http://www.city.sado.niigata.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Agano, Niigata|Agano]]||46,158||192.72||240||2004-04-01||[http://www.city.agano.niigata.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Uonuma, Niigata|Uonuma]]||42,334||946.93||44.7||2004-11-01||[http://www.city.uonuma.niigata.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927014907/http://www.city.uonuma.niigata.jp/uogaku/ |date=2007-09-27 }} |- |align="left"|[[Minamiuonuma, Niigata|Minamiuonuma]]||62,518||584.82||107||2004-11-01||[http://www.city.minamiuonuma.niigata.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Itoigawa, Niigata|Itoigawa]]||48,653||746.24||65.2||2005-03-19||[http://www.city.itoigawa.niigata.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040615224305/http://www.city.itoigawa.niigata.jp/ |date=2004-06-15 }} |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Tokamachi</span>[[Tōkamachi, Niigata|Tōkamachi]]||60,480||589.92||103||2005-04-01||[http://www.city.tokamachi.niigata.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160129140601/http://www.city.tokamachi.niigata.jp/ |date=2016-01-29 }} |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Sanjo</span>[[Sanjō, Niigata|Sanjō]]||103,199||432.01||239||2005-05-01||[http://www.city.sanjo.niigata.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Tainai, Niigata|Tainai]]||32,165||265.18||121||2005-09-01||[http://www.city.tainai.niigata.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Gosen, Niigata|Gosen]]||55,936||351.87||159||2006-01-01||[http://www.city.gosen.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Tsubame, Niigata|Tsubame]]||82,910||110.88||748||2006-03-20||[http://www.city.tsubame.niigata.jp/] |} == Ōita == * population:2008-01-01<ref>[http://www.pref.oita.jp/10800/chosakekka/jinko/index.html 各種統計調査結果／毎月流動人口調査<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> {|class="wikitable sortable" width="100%" style="text-align:right" ! City name !! Population !! Area !! Density !! Founded !! Homepage |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Oita</span>[[Ōita, Ōita|Ōita]]||467,267||501.25||932||1911-04-01||[http://www.city.oita.oita.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Beppu, Ōita|Beppu]]||127,345||125.15||1,018||1924-04-01||[http://www.city.beppu.oita.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Nakatsu, Ōita|Nakatsu]]||84,179||491.09||171||1929-04-20||[http://www.city-nakatsu.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Hita, Ōita|Hita]]||72,601||666.19||109||1940-12-11||[http://www.city.hita.oita.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Saiki, Ōita|Saiki]]||78,675||903.44||87.1||1941-04-29||[http://www.city.saiki.oita.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Usuki, Ōita|Usuki]]||42,464||291.07||146||1950-04-01||[http://www.city.usuki.oita.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Tsukumi, Ōita|Tsukumi]]||20,561||79.53||259||1951-04-01||[http://www.city.tsukumi.oita.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Taketa, Ōita|Taketa]]||25,449||477.59||53.3||1954-03-31||[http://www.city.taketa.oita.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Bungotakada, Ōita|Bungotakada]]||24,484||206.64||118||1954-05-31||[http://www.city.bungotakada.oita.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Usa, Ōita|Usa]]||59,971||439.12||137||1967-04-01||[http://www.city.usa.oita.jp/] |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Bungo-ono</span>[[Bungo-ōno, Ōita|Bungo-ōno]]||40,409||603.36||67.0||2005-03-31||[http://www.bungo-ohno.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Kitsuki, Ōita|Kitsuki]]||33,465||280.01||120||2005-10-01||[http://www.city.kitsuki.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Yufu, Ōita|Yufu]]||35,298||319.16||111||2005-10-01||[http://www.city.yufu.oita.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Kunisaki, Ōita|Kunisaki]]||33,473||317.81||105||2006-03-31||[http://www.city.kunisaki.oita.jp/] |} == Okayama == * population:2008-01-01<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.pref.okayama.jp/soshiki/kakuka.html?sec_sec1=15 |title=岡山県統計管理課　毎月流動人口調査 |access-date=2008-04-03 |archive-date=2011-11-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111106122221/http://www.pref.okayama.jp/soshiki/kakuka.html?sec_sec1=15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> {|class="wikitable sortable" width="100%" style="text-align:right" ! City name !! Population !! Area !! Density !! Founded !! Homepage |- |align="left"|[[Okayama, Okayama|Okayama]]||701,293||789.91||887||1889-06-01||[http://www.city.okayama.okayama.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091019083515/http://www.city.okayama.okayama.jp/ |date=2009-10-19 }} |- |align="left"|[[Kurashiki, Okayama|Kurashiki]]||472,452||354.71||1,332||1928-04-01||[http://www.city.kurashiki.okayama.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Tsuyama, Okayama|Tsuyama]]||109,493||506.36||216||1929-02-11||[http://www.city.tsuyama.lg.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120820085908/http://www.city.tsuyama.lg.jp/ |date=2012-08-20 }} |- |align="left"|[[Tamano, Okayama|Tamano]]||65,723||103.63||634||1940-08-03||[http://www.city.tamano.okayama.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031014090840/http://www.city.tamano.okayama.jp/ |date=2003-10-14 }} |- |align="left"|[[Kasaoka, Okayama|Kasaoka]]||55,987||136.03||412||1952-04-01||[http://www.city.kasaoka.okayama.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Ibara, Okayama|Ibara]]||44,423||243.36||183||1953-04-01||[http://www.city.ibara.okayama.jp/] |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Soja</span>[[Sōja, Okayama|Sōja]]||66,789||212.00||315||1954-03-31||[http://www.city.soja.okayama.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Takahashi, Okayama|Takahashi]]||37,573||547.01||68.7||1954-05-01||[http://www.city.takahashi.okayama.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Niimi, Okayama|Niimi]]||35,022||793.27||44.1||1954-06-01||[http://www.city.niimi.okayama.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Bizen, Okayama|Bizen]]||39,117||258.23||151||1971-04-01||[http://www.city.bizen.okayama.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Setouchi, Okayama|Setouchi]]||38,645||125.53||308||2004-11-01||[http://www.city.setouchi.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Akaiwa, Okayama|Akaiwa]]||43,742||209.43||209||2005-03-07||[http://www.city.akaiwa.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Maniwa, Okayama|Maniwa]]||50,405||828.43||60.8||2005-03-31||[http://www.city.maniwa.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Mimasaka, Okayama|Mimasaka]]||31,550||429.19||73.5||2005-03-31||[http://www.city.mimasaka.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Asakuchi, Okayama|Asakuchi]]||37,108||66.46||558||2006-03-21||[http://www.city.asakuchi.okayama.jp/] |} == Okinawa == * population:2008-01-01<ref>[http://www.pref.okinawa.jp/toukeika/estimates/estidata.html ‰«“ꌧ?„Œv?lŒûƒf [ƒ^ˆê—— iExcelŒ`Ž® j<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> {|class="wikitable sortable" width="100%" style="text-align:right" ! City name !! Population !! Area !! Density !! Founded !! Homepage |- |align="left"|[[Naha, Okinawa|Naha]]||314,162||39.23||7,963||1921-05-20||[http://www.city.naha.okinawa.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Ishigaki, Okinawa|Ishigaki]]||46,489||229.00||195||1947-07-10||[http://www.city.ishigaki.okinawa.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Ginowan, Okinawa|Ginowan]]||91,233||19.70||4,569||1962-07-01||[http://www.city.ginowan.okinawa.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100318044008/http://www.city.ginowan.okinawa.jp/ |date=2010-03-18 }} |- |align="left"|[[Urasoe, Okinawa|Urasoe]]||108,052||19.09||5,516||1970-07-01||[http://www.8761234.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Nago, Okinawa|Nago]]||60,598||210.30||278||1970-08-01||[http://www.city.nago.okinawa.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Itoman, Okinawa|Itoman]]||56,171||46.63||1,200||1971-12-01||[http://www.city.itoman.okinawa.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031010070538/http://www.city.itoman.okinawa.jp/ |date=2003-10-10 }} |- |align="left"|[[Okinawa, Okinawa|Okinawa]]||128,421||49.00||2,565||1974-04-01||[http://www.city.okinawa.okinawa.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Tomigusuku, Okinawa|Tomigusuku]]||54,586||19.45||2,751||2002-04-01||[http://www.city.tomigusuku.okinawa.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070309075111/http://j2k.naver.com/j2k_frame.php/korean/www.city.tomigusuku.okinawa.jp/ |date=2007-03-09 }} |- |align="left"|[[Uruma, Okinawa|Uruma]]||114,087||86.03||1,313||2005-04-01||[http://www.city.uruma.okinawa.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050520003645/http://www.city.uruma.okinawa.jp/ |date=2005-05-20 }} |- |align="left"|[[Miyakojima, Okinawa|Miyakojima]]||52,777||204.54||275||2005-10-01||[http://www.city.miyakojima.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Nanjo</span>[[Nanjō, Okinawa|Nanjō]]||39,458||49.70||819||2006-01-01||[http://www.city.nanjo.okinawa.jp/] |} == Osaka == * population:2008-01-01<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.pref.osaka.jp/toukei/jinkou/index.html |title=大阪府毎月推計人口 |access-date=2008-04-03 |archive-date=2013-11-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131106023139/http://www.pref.osaka.jp/toukei/jinkou/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> {|class="wikitable sortable" width="100%" style="text-align:right" ! City name !! Population !! Area !! Density !! Founded !! Homepage |- |align="left"|[[Osaka, Osaka|Osaka]]||2,645,305||222.30||11,900||1889-04-01||[http://www.city.osaka.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080404214244/http://www.city.osaka.jp/ |date=2008-04-04 }} |- |align="left"|[[Sakai, Osaka]]||835,333||149.99||5,569||1889-04-01||[http://www.city.sakai.osaka.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121111095125/http://www.city.sakai.osaka.jp/ |date=2012-11-11 }} |- |align="left"|[[Kishiwada, Osaka|Kishiwada]]||200,538||72.24||2,776||1922-11-01||[http://www.city.kishiwada.osaka.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090103101744/http://www.city.kishiwada.osaka.jp/index_e.html |date=2009-01-03 }} |- |align="left"|[[Toyonaka, Osaka|Toyonaka]]||387,269||36.38||10,645||1936-10-15||[http://www.city.toyonaka.osaka.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Ikeda, Osaka|Ikeda]]||104,426||22.09||4,727||1939-04-29||[http://www.city.ikeda.osaka.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Suita, Osaka|Suita]]||354,600||36.11||9,820||1940-04-01||[http://www.city.suita.osaka.jp/] |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Izumiotsu</span>[[Izumiōtsu, Osaka|Izumiōtsu]]||78,014||12.80||6,095||1942-04-01||[http://www.city.izumiotsu.osaka.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030928055053/http://www.city.izumiotsu.osaka.jp/ |date=2003-09-28 }} |- |align="left"|[[Takatsuki, Osaka|Takatsuki]]||354,228||105.31||3,364||1943-01-01||[http://www.city.takatsuki.osaka.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Kaizuka, Osaka|Kaizuka]]||90,447||43.99||2,056||1943-05-01||[http://www.city.kaizuka.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Moriguchi, Osaka|Moriguchi]]||146,294||12.73||11,492||1946-11-01||[http://www.city.moriguchi.osaka.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Hirakata, Osaka|Hirakata]]||406,201||65.08||6,242||1947-08-01||[http://www.city.hirakata.osaka.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Ibaraki, Osaka|Ibaraki]]||272,240||76.52||3,558||1948-01-01||[http://www.city.ibaraki.osaka.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Yao, Osaka|Yao]]||273,244||41.71||6,551||1948-04-01||[http://www.city.yao.osaka.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Izumisano, Osaka|Izumisano]]||99,636||55.03||1,811||1948-04-01||[http://www.city.izumisano.osaka.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060813172929/http://www.city.izumisano.osaka.jp/ |date=2006-08-13 }} |- |align="left"|[[Tondabayashi, Osaka|Tondabayashi]]||122,205||39.66||3,081||1950-04-01||[http://www.city.tondabayashi.osaka.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070226104118/http://www.city.tondabayashi.osaka.jp/ |date=2007-02-26 }} |- |align="left"|[[Neyagawa, Osaka|Neyagawa]]||239,029||24.73||9,666||1951-05-03||[http://www.city.neyagawa.osaka.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Kawachinagano, Osaka|Kawachinagano]]||114,428||109.61||1,044||1954-04-01||[http://www.city.kawachinagano.osaka.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Matsubara, Osaka|Matsubara]]||125,274||16.66||7,519||1955-02-01||[http://www.city.matsubara.osaka.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070219030756/http://www.city.matsubara.osaka.jp/ |date=2007-02-19 }} |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Daito</span>[[Daitō, Osaka|Daitō]]||125,847||18.27||6,888||1956-04-01||[http://www.city.daito.osaka.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081216082546/http://www.city.daito.osaka.jp/ |date=2008-12-16 }} |- |align="left"|[[Izumi, Osaka]]||179,352||84.98||2,110||1956-09-01||[http://www.city.izumi.osaka.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Minoh, Osaka]]||127,757||47.84||2,671||1956-12-01||[http://www.city.minoh.osaka.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Kashiwara, Osaka|Kashiwara]]||75,875||25.39||2,988||1958-10-01||[http://www.city.kashiwara.osaka.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Habikino, Osaka|Habikino]]||118,281||26.44||4,474||1959-01-15||[http://www.city.habikino.osaka.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040331180616/http://www.city.habikino.osaka.jp/ |date=2004-03-31 }} |- |align="left"|[[Kadoma, Osaka|Kadoma]]||130,026||12.28||10,588||1963-08-01||[http://www.city.kadoma.osaka.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Settsu, Osaka|Settsu]]||84,330||14.88||5,667||1966-11-01||[http://www.city.settsu.osaka.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Takaishi, Osaka|Takaishi]]||60,077||11.35||5,293||1966-11-01||[http://www.city.takaishi.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Fujiidera, Osaka|Fujiidera]]||65,892||8.89||7,412||1966-11-01||[http://www.city.fujiidera.osaka.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070416203514/http://www.city.fujiidera.osaka.jp/ |date=2007-04-16 }} |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Higashiosaka</span>[[Higashiōsaka, Osaka|Higashiōsaka]]||509,157||61.81||8,237||1967-02-01||[http://www.city.higashiosaka.osaka.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031005161739/http://www.city.higashiosaka.osaka.jp/ |date=2003-10-05 }} |- |align="left"|[[Sennan, Osaka|Sennan]]||64,916||48.48||1,339||1970-07-01||[http://www.city.sennan.osaka.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070211222511/http://www.city.sennan.osaka.jp/ |date=2007-02-11 }} |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Shijonawate</span>[[Shijōnawate, Osaka|Shijōnawate]]||57,239||18.74||3,054||1970-07-01||[http://www.city.shijonawate.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Katano, Osaka|Katano]]||77,853||25.55||3,047||1971-11-03||[http://www.city.katano.osaka.jp/] |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Osakasayama</span>[[Ōsakasayama, Osaka|Ōsakasayama]]||58,661||11.86||4,946||1987-10-01||[http://www.city.osakasayama.osaka.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Hannan, Osaka|Hannan]]||56,853||36.10||1,575||1991-10-01||[http://www.city.hannan.osaka.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070304100204/http://www.city.hannan.osaka.jp/ |date=2007-03-04 }} |} == Saga == * population:2008-01-01<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.pref.saga.lg.jp/toukei/php3/houkokusyo/hou_nen.php3?nendo_number=2001&sessionid= |title={{Webarchive|url=https://archive.is/20121219095948/ |date=2012-12-19 }} ƒgƒbƒvƒy &#91;ƒW<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2008-04-03 |archive-date=2012-12-19 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121219095948/http://www.pref.saga.lg.jp/toukei/php3/houkokusyo/hou_nen.php3?nendo_number=2001&sessionid= |url-status=dead }}</ref> {|class="wikitable sortable" width="100%" style="text-align:right" ! City name !! Population !! Area !! Density !! Founded !! Homepage |- |align="left"|[[Tosu, Saga|Tosu]]||66,842||71.73||932||1954-04-01||[http://www.city.tosu.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Imari, Saga|Imari]]||57,604||254.99||226||1954-04-01||[http://www.city.imari.saga.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Kashima, Saga]]||31,326||112.10||279||1954-04-01||[http://www.city.kashima.saga.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100505115227/http://www.city.kashima.saga.jp/ |date=2010-05-05 }} |- |align="left"|[[Taku, Saga|Taku]]||22,165||96.93||229||1954-05-01||[http://www.city.taku.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Karatsu, Saga|Karatsu]]||129,194||487.45||265||2005-01-01||[http://www.city.karatsu.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Ogi, Saga|Ogi]]||45,516||95.85||475||2005-03-01||[http://www.city.ogi.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Saga, Saga|Saga]]||239,932||431.42||556||2005-10-01||[http://www.city.saga.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Ureshino, Saga|Ureshino]]||29,644||126.51||234||2006-01-01||[http://www.city.ureshino.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Takeo, Saga|Takeo]]||50,788||195.44||260||2006-03-01||[http://www.city.takeo.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Kanzaki, Saga|Kanzaki]]||33,449||125.01||268||2006-03-20||[http://www.city.kanzaki.saga.jp/] |} == Saitama == * population:2008-01-01<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.pref.saitama.lg.jp/A01/BP00/03.html |title=埼玉県推計人口 |access-date=2008-04-03 |archive-date=2008-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080221164805/http://www.pref.saitama.lg.jp/A01/BP00/03.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> {|class="wikitable sortable" width="100%" style="text-align:right" ! City name !! Population !! Area !! Density !! Founded !! Homepage |- |align="left"|[[Kawagoe, Saitama|Kawagoe]]||335,693||109.16||3,075||1922-12-01||[http://www.city.kawagoe.saitama.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070213071307/http://www.city.kawagoe.saitama.jp/ |date=2007-02-13 }} |- |align="left"|[[Kawaguchi, Saitama|Kawaguchi]]||492,675||55.75||8,837||1933-04-01||[http://www.city.kawaguchi.saitama.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031019041616/http://www.city.kawaguchi.saitama.jp/ |date=2003-10-19 }} |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Gyoda</span>[[Gyōda, Saitama|Gyōda]]||87,462||67.37||1,298||1949-05-03||[http://www.city.gyoda.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Chichibu, Saitama|Chichibu]]||69,139||577.69||120||1950-04-01||[http://www.city.chichibu.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Tokorozawa, Saitama|Tokorozawa]]||338,560||71.99||4,703||1950-11-03||[http://www.city.tokorozawa.saitama.jp/] |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Hanno</span>[[Hannō, Saitama|Hannō]]||84,053||193.16||435||1954-01-01||[http://www.city.hanno.saitama.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070219024658/http://www.city.hanno.saitama.jp/ |date=2007-02-19 }} |- |align="left"|[[Kazo, Saitama|Kazo]]||67,862||59.40||1,142||1954-05-03||[http://www.city.kazo.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Higashimatsuyama, Saitama|Higashimatsuyama]]||90,840||65.33||1,390||1954-07-01||[http://www.city.higashimatsuyama.saitama.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031019181622/http://www.city.higashimatsuyama.saitama.jp/ |date=2003-10-19 }} |- |align="left"|[[Sayama, Saitama|Sayama]]||156,634||49.04||3,194||1954-07-01||[http://www.city.sayama.saitama.jp/] |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Hanyu</span>[[Hanyū, Saitama|Hanyū]]||56,820||58.55||970||1954-09-01||[http://www.city.hanyu.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Konosu</span>[[Kōnosu, Saitama|Kōnosu]]||119,768||67.49||1,775||1954-09-30||[http://www.city.kounosu.saitama.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Ageo, Saitama|Ageo]]||222,479||45.55||4,884||1958-07-15||[http://www.city.ageo.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Soka</span>[[Sōka, Saitama|Sōka]]||237,964||27.42||8,678||1958-11-01||[http://www.city.soka.saitama.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Koshigaya, Saitama|Koshigaya]]||318,592||60.31||5,283||1958-11-03||[http://www.city.koshigaya.saitama.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Warabi, Saitama|Warabi]]||70,410||5.10||13,806||1959-04-01||[http://www.city.warabi.saitama.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Toda, Saitama|Toda]]||118,591||18.17||6,527||1966-10-01||[http://www.city.toda.saitama.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Iruma, Saitama|Iruma]]||148,203||44.74||3,313||1966-11-01||[http://www.city.iruma.saitama.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Hatogaya, Saitama|Hatogaya]]||60,208||6.22||9,680||1967-03-01||[http://www.city.hatogaya.saitama.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031023200804/http://www.city.hatogaya.saitama.jp/ |date=2003-10-23 }} |- |align="left"|[[Asaka, Saitama|Asaka]]||126,902||18.38||6,904||1967-03-15||[http://www.city.asaka.saitama.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031020205457/http://www.city.asaka.saitama.jp/ |date=2003-10-20 }} |- |align="left"|[[Shiki, Saitama|Shiki]]||68,531||9.06||7,564||1970-10-26||[http://www.city.shiki.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Wako</span>[[Wakō, Saitama|Wakō]]||78,575||11.04||7,117||1970-10-31||[http://www.city.wako.saitama.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031212090244/http://www.city.wako.saitama.jp/ |date=2003-12-12 }} |- |align="left"|[[Niiza, Saitama|Niiza]]||155,926||22.80||6,839||1970-11-01||[http://www.city.niiza.saitama.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061005192843/http://www.city.niiza.saitama.jp/ |date=2006-10-05 }} |- |align="left"|[[Okegawa, Saitama|Okegawa]]||74,703||25.26||2,957||1970-11-03||[http://www.city.okegawa.lg.jp/index01.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080114142555/http://www.city.okegawa.lg.jp/index01.html |date=2008-01-14 }} |- |align="left"|[[Kuki, Saitama|Kuki]]||71,667||25.35||2,827||1971-10-01||[http://www.city.kuki.saitama.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050827001932/http://www.city.kuki.saitama.jp/ |date=2005-08-27 }} |- |align="left"|[[Kitamoto, Saitama|Kitamoto]]||69,903||19.84||3,523||1971-11-03||[http://www.city.kitamoto.saitama.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070224215300/http://www.city.kitamoto.saitama.jp/ |date=2007-02-24 }} |- |align="left"|[[Yashio, Saitama|Yashio]]||78,601||18.03||4,359||1972-01-15||[http://www.city.yashio.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Fujimi, Saitama|Fujimi]]||105,286||19.70||5,344||1972-04-10||[http://www.city.fujimi.saitama.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Misato, Saitama|Misato]]||128,956||30.16||4,276||1972-05-03||[http://www.city.misato.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Hasuda, Saitama|Hasuda]]||63,375||27.27||2,324||1972-10-01||[http://www.city.hasuda.saitama.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Sakado, Saitama|Sakado]]||99,680||40.97||2,433||1976-09-01||[http://www.city.sakado.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Satte, Saitama|Satte]]||53,485||33.95||1,575||1986-10-01||[http://www.city.satte.saitama.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070219054705/http://www.city.satte.saitama.jp/ |date=2007-02-19 }} |- |align="left"|[[Tsurugashima, Saitama|Tsurugashima]]||70,131||17.73||3,955||1991-09-01||[http://www.city.tsurugashima.saitama.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050717015130/http://www.city.tsurugashima.saitama.jp/ |date=2005-07-17 }} |- |align="left"|[[Hidaka, Saitama|Hidaka]]||55,454||47.50||1,167||1991-10-01||[http://www.city.hidaka.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Yoshikawa, Saitama|Yoshikawa]]||63,050||31.62||1,994||1996-04-01||[http://www.city.yoshikawa.saitama.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Saitama, Saitama|Saitama]]||1,192,418||217.49||5,483||2001-05-01||[http://www.city.saitama.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Kumagaya, Saitama|Kumagaya]]||204,853||159.88||1,281||2005-10-01||[http://www.city.kumagaya.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Kasukabe, Saitama|Kasukabe]]||236,854||65.98||3,590||2005-10-01||[http://www.city.kasukabe.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Fujimino, Saitama|Fujimino]]||103,724||14.67||7,070||2005-10-01||[http://www.city.fujimino.saitama.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Fukaya, Saitama|Fukaya]]||146,128||137.58||1,062||2006-01-01||[http://www.city.fukaya.saitama.jp/] |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Honjo</span>[[Honjō, Saitama|Honjō]]||81,805||89.71||912||2006-01-10||[http://www.city.honjo.lg.jp/] |} == Shiga == * population:2008-01-01<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.pref.shiga.jp/data/population/renew/#jinko |title=滋賀県/滋賀県の人口と世帯数<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2008-04-03 |archive-date=2008-02-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080216061821/http://www.pref.shiga.jp/data/population/renew/#jinko |url-status=dead }}</ref> {|class="wikitable sortable" width="100%" style="text-align:right" ! City name !! Population !! Area !! Density !! Founded !! Homepage |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Otsu</span>[[Ōtsu, Shiga|Ōtsu]]||329,024||464.10||709||1898-10-01||[http://www.city.otsu.shiga.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Hikone, Shiga|Hikone]]||110,945||196.84||564||1937-02-11||[http://www.city.hikone.shiga.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110501090525/http://www.city.hikone.shiga.jp/ |date=2011-05-01 }} |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Omihachiman</span>[[Ōmihachiman, Shiga|Ōmihachiman]]||69,116||153.09||451||1954-03-31||[http://www.city.omihachiman.shiga.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Kusatsu, Shiga|Kusatsu]]||123,512||67.92||1,818||1954-10-15||[http://www.city.kusatsu.shiga.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Moriyama, Shiga|Moriyama]]||74,263||54.81||1,355||1970-07-01||[http://www.city.moriyama.shiga.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161023173417/http://www.city.moriyama.shiga.jp/ |date=2016-10-23 }} |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Ritto</span>[[Rittō, Shiga|Rittō]]||62,353||52.75||1,182||2001-10-01||[http://www.city.ritto.shiga.jp/] |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Koka</span>[[Kōka, Shiga|Kōka]]||94,007||481.69||195||2004-10-01||[http://www.city.koka.shiga.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080206022438/http://www.city.koka.shiga.jp/ |date=2008-02-06 }} |- |align="left"|[[Yasu, Shiga|Yasu]]||49,821||81.07||615||2004-10-01||[http://www.city.yasu.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Konan, Shiga]]||55,144||70.49||782||2004-10-01||[http://www.city.konan.shiga.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Takashima, Shiga|Takashima]]||52,967||693.00||76.4||2005-01-01||[http://www.city.takashima.shiga.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060218063311/http://www.city.takashima.shiga.jp/ |date=2006-02-18 }} |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Higashiomi</span>[[Higashiōmi, Shiga|Higashiōmi]]||117,487||388.58||302||2005-02-11||[http://www.city.higashiomi.shiga.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Maibara, Shiga|Maibara]]||40,757||250.46||163||2005-02-14||[http://www.city.maibara.shiga.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090830215037/http://www.city.maibara.shiga.jp/ |date=2009-08-30 }} |- |align="left"|[[Nagahama, Shiga|Nagahama]]||83,555||247.01||338||2006-02-13||[http://www.city.nagahama.shiga.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161230232547/http://www.city.nagahama.shiga.jp/ |date=2016-12-30 }} |} == Shimane == * population:2008-01-01<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.toukeika.pref.shimane.jp/toukei/st0/st0100.asp |title=しまね統計情報データベース　新着情報 今月の統計 推計人口（市町村別） |access-date=2008-04-03 |archive-date=2008-04-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080410125028/http://www.toukeika.pref.shimane.jp/toukei/st0/st0100.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref> {|class="wikitable sortable" width="100%" style="text-align:right" ! City name !! Population !! Area !! Density !! Founded !! Homepage |- |align="left"|[[Matsue, Shimane|Matsue]]||195,875||530.27||369||1889-04-01||[http://www.city.matsue.shimane.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180125141356/http://www.city.matsue.shimane.jp/ |date=2018-01-25 }} |- |align="left"|[[Izumo, Shimane|Izumo]]||146,115||543.48||269||1941-11-03||[http://www.city.izumo.shimane.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Masuda, Shimane|Masuda]]||50,980||733.16||69.5||1952-08-01||[http://www.iwami.or.jp/masudasi/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071125210121/http://www.iwami.or.jp/masudasi/ |date=2007-11-25 }} |- |align="left"|[[Yasugi, Shimane|Yasugi]]||42,997||420.97||102||1954-04-01||[http://www.city.yasugi.shimane.jp/] |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Gotsu</span>[[Gōtsu, Shimane|Gōtsu]]||26,958||268.51||100||1954-04-01||[http://www.city.gotsu.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Unnan, Shimane|Unnan]]||43,269||553.37||78.2||2004-11-01||[http://www.city.unnan.shimane.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Hamada, Shimane|Hamada]]||61,325||689.60||88.9||2005-10-01||[http://www.city.hamada.shimane.jp/] |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Oda</span>[[Ōda, Shimane|Ōda]]||39,593||436.11||90.8||2005-10-01||[http://www.iwamigin.jp/ohda/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160810222150/http://www.iwamigin.jp/ohda/ |date=2016-08-10 }} |} == Shizuoka == * population:2008-01-01<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://toukei.pref.shizuoka.jp/tokei/ |title=統計センターしずおか　静岡県人口推計 |access-date=2008-04-03 |archive-date=2008-02-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080203204758/http://toukei.pref.shizuoka.jp/tokei/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> {|class="wikitable sortable" width="100%" style="text-align:right" ! City name !! Population !! Area !! Density !! Founded !! Homepage |- |align="left"|[[Shizuoka, Shizuoka|Shizuoka]]||710,944||1,388.78||512||1889-04-01||[http://www.city.shizuoka.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Hamamatsu, Shizuoka|Hamamatsu]]||811,431||1,511.17||537||1911-07-01||[http://www.city.hamamatsu.shizuoka.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Numazu, Shizuoka|Numazu]]||206,818||187.11||1,105||1923-07-01||[http://www.city.numazu.shizuoka.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Atami, Shizuoka|Atami]]||40,524||61.56||658||1937-04-10||[http://www.city.atami.shizuoka.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426053204/http://www.city.atami.shizuoka.jp/ |date=2012-04-26 }} |- |align="left"|[[Mishima, Shizuoka|Mishima]]||112,320||62.13||1,808||1941-04-29||[http://www.city.mishima.shizuoka.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Fujinomiya, Shizuoka|Fujinomiya]]||122,122||314.81||388||1942-06-01||[http://www.city.fujinomiya.shizuoka.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081025001740/http://www.city.fujinomiya.shizuoka.jp/ |date=2008-10-25 }} |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Ito</span>[[Itō, Shizuoka|Itō]]||72,038||124.13||580||1947-08-10||[http://www.city.ito.shizuoka.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Shimada, Shizuoka|Shimada]]||95,762||195.40||490||1948-01-01||[http://www.city.shimada.shizuoka.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Iwata, Shizuoka|Iwata]]||172,583||164.08||1,052||1948-04-01||[http://www.city.iwata.shizuoka.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Yaizu, Shizuoka|Yaizu]]||120,331||46.01||2,615||1951-03-01||[http://www.city.yaizu.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Kakegawa, Shizuoka|Kakegawa]]||118,660||265.63||447||1954-03-31||[http://www.city.kakegawa.shizuoka.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Fujieda, Shizuoka|Fujieda]]||129,637||140.74||921||1954-03-31||[http://www.city.fujieda.shizuoka.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Gotenba, Shizuoka|Gotenba]]||88,078||194.63||453||1955-02-11||[http://www.city.gotemba.shizuoka.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Fukuroi, Shizuoka|Fukuroi]]||85,163||108.56||784||1958-11-03||[http://www.city.fukuroi.shizuoka.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Fuji, Shizuoka|Fuji]]||237,279||214.10||1,108||1966-11-01||[http://www.city.fuji.shizuoka.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Shimoda, Shizuoka|Shimoda]]||25,784||104.70||246||1971-01-01||[http://www.city.shimoda.shizuoka.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Susono, Shizuoka|Susono]]||53,740||138.39||388||1971-01-01||[http://www.city.susono.shizuoka.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Kosai, Shizuoka|Kosai]]||44,545||55.08||809||1972-01-01||[http://www.city.kosai.shizuoka.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Izu, Shizuoka|Izu]]||35,911||363.97||98.7||2004-04-01||[http://www.city.izu.shizuoka.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Omaezaki, Shizuoka|Omaezaki]]||35,015||65.85||532||2004-04-01||[http://www.city.omaezaki.shizuoka.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Kikugawa, Shizuoka|Kikugawa]]||47,702||94.24||506||2005-01-17||[http://www.city.kikugawa.shizuoka.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Izunokuni, Shizuoka|Izunokuni]]||49,711||94.71||525||2005-04-01||[http://www.city.izunokuni.shizuoka.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Makinohara, Shizuoka|Makinohara]]||49,726||111.50||446||2005-10-11||[http://www.city.makinohara.shizuoka.jp/] |} == Tochigi == * population:2008-01-01<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.pref.tochigi.jp/pref/toukei/toukei/popu1.html |title=栃木県毎月人口推計速報/栃木県<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2008-04-03 |archive-date=2007-09-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070918144152/http://www.pref.tochigi.jp/pref/toukei/toukei/popu1.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> {|class="wikitable sortable" width="100%" style="text-align:right" ! City name !! Population !! Area !! Density !! Founded !! Homepage |- |align="left"|[[Utsunomiya, Tochigi|Utsunomiya]]||507,833||416.84||1,218||1896-04-01||[http://www.city.utsunomiya.tochigi.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Ashikaga, Tochigi|Ashikaga]]||157,793||177.82||887||1921-01-01||[http://www.city.ashikaga.tochigi.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Tochigi, Tochigi|Tochigi]]||81,601||122.06||669||1937-04-01||[http://www.city.tochigi.tochigi.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100305195542/http://www.city.tochigi.tochigi.jp/ |date=2010-03-05 }} |- |align="left"|[[Kanuma, Tochigi|Kanuma]]||103,690||490.62||211||1948-10-10||[http://www.city.kanuma.tochigi.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Oyama, Tochigi|Oyama]]||162,283||171.61||946||1954-03-31||[http://www.city.oyama.tochigi.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Mooka, Tochigi|Mooka]]||66,705||111.76||597||1954-10-01||[http://www.city.moka.tochigi.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030919052800/http://www.city.moka.tochigi.jp/ |date=2003-09-19 }} |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Otawara</span>[[Ōtawara, Tochigi|Ōtawara]]||78,563||354.12||222||1954-12-01||[http://www.city.ohtawara.tochigi.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Yaita, Tochigi|Yaita]]||35,462||170.66||208||1958-11-01||[http://www.city.yaita.tochigi.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Nasushiobara, Tochigi|Nasushiobara]]||115,633||592.82||195||2005-01-01||[http://www.city.nasushiobara.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Sano, Tochigi|Sano]]||123,034||356.07||346||2005-02-28||[http://www.city.sano.tochigi.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080319093824/http://www.city.sano.tochigi.jp/ |date=2008-03-19 }} |- |align="left"|[[Sakura, Tochigi]]||42,403||125.46||338||2005-03-28||[http://www.city.tochigi-sakura.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Nasukarasuyama, Tochigi|Nasukarasuyama]]||30,433||174.42||174||2005-10-01||[http://www.city.nasukarasuyama.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Shimotsuke, Tochigi|Shimotsuke]]||59,459||74.58||797||2006-01-10||[http://www.city.shimotsuke.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Nikko</span>[[Nikkō, Tochigi|Nikkō]]||92,181||1,449.87||63.6||2006-03-20||[http://www.city.nikko.lg.jp/] |} == Tokushima == * population:2008-01-01<ref>[http://www.pref.tokushima.jp/Statistics.nsf/ 徳島県の統計情報　推計人口]</ref> {|class="wikitable sortable" width="100%" style="text-align:right" ! City name !! Population !! Area !! Density !! Founded !! Homepage |- |align="left"|[[Tokushima, Tokushima|Tokushima]]||266,370||191.39||1,392||1889-10-01||[http://www.city.tokushima.tokushima.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Naruto, Tokushima|Naruto]]||62,453||135.46||461||1947-03-15||[http://www.city.naruto.tokushima.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Komatsushima, Tokushima|Komatsushima]]||41,540||45.24||918||1951-06-01||[http://www.city.komatsushima.tokushima.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204062523/http://www.city.komatsushima.tokushima.jp/ |date=2012-02-04 }} |- |align="left"|[[Anan, Tokushima|Anan]]||77,099||279.39||276||1958-05-01||[http://www.city.anan.tokushima.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Yoshinogawa, Tokushima|Yoshinogawa]]||44,905||144.19||311||2004-10-01||[http://www.city.yoshinogawa.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Mima, Tokushima|Mima]]||33,520||367.38||91.2||2005-03-01||[http://www.city.mima.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Awa, Tokushima|Awa]]||40,303||190.97||211||2005-04-01||[http://www.city.awa.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Miyoshi, Tokushima]]||32,329||721.48||44.8||2006-03-01||[http://www.city-miyoshi.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120722042934/http://www.city-miyoshi.jp/ |date=2012-07-22 }} |} == Tokyo == * population:2008-01-01<ref>[http://www.toukei.metro.tokyo.jp/jsuikei/js-index.htm 東京都の人口推計トップページ<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> {|class="wikitable sortable" width="100%" style="text-align:right" ! City name !! Population !! Area !! Density !! Founded !! Homepage |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Hachioji</span>[[Hachiōji, Tokyo|Hachiōji]]||567,367||186.31||3,045||1917-09-01||[http://www.city.hachioji.tokyo.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Tachikawa, Tokyo|Tachikawa]]||175,639||24.38||7,204||1940-12-01||[http://www.city.tachikawa.tokyo.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081023195034/http://www.city.tachikawa.tokyo.jp/ |date=2008-10-23 }} |- |align="left"|[[Musashino, Tokyo|Musashino]]||138,516||10.73||12,909||1947-11-03||[http://www.city.musashino.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Mitaka, Tokyo|Mitaka]]||180,797||16.50||10,957||1950-11-03||[http://www.city.mitaka.tokyo.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061026011433/http://www.city.mitaka.tokyo.jp/ |date=2006-10-26 }} |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Ome</span>[[Ōme, Tokyo|Ōme]]||141,708||103.26||1,372||1951-04-01||[http://www.city.ome.tokyo.jp/] |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Fuchu</span>[[Fuchū, Tokyo]]||248,445||29.34||8,468||1954-04-01||[http://www.city.fuchu.tokyo.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Akishima, Tokyo|Akishima]]||111,763||17.33||6,449||1954-05-01||[http://www.city.akishima.tokyo.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090501130554/http://www.city.akishima.tokyo.jp/ |date=2009-05-01 }} |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Chofu</span>[[Chōfu, Tokyo|Chōfu]]||219,053||21.53||10,174||1955-04-01||[http://www.city.chofu.tokyo.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Machida, Tokyo|Machida]]||413,786||71.63||5,777||1958-02-01||[http://www.city.machida.tokyo.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Koganei, Tokyo|Koganei]]||115,116||11.33||10,160||1958-10-01||[http://www.city.koganei.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Kodaira, Tokyo|Kodaira]]||185,829||20.46||9,083||1962-10-01||[http://www.city.kodaira.tokyo.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Hino, Tokyo|Hino]]||179,482||27.53||6,520||1963-11-03||[http://www.city.hino.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Higashimurayama, Tokyo|Higashimurayama]]||146,585||17.17||8,537||1964-04-01||[http://www.city.higashimurayama.tokyo.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Kokubunji, Tokyo|Kokubunji]]||118,801||11.48||10,349||1964-11-03||[http://www.city.kokubunji.tokyo.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Kunitachi, Tokyo|Kunitachi]]||73,362||8.15||9,001||1967-01-01||[http://www.city.kunitachi.tokyo.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Fussa, Tokyo|Fussa]]||60,413||10.24||5,900||1970-07-01||[http://www.city.fussa.tokyo.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Komae, Tokyo|Komae]]||78,237||6.39||12,244||1970-10-01||[http://www.city.komae.tokyo.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Higashiyamato, Tokyo|Higashiyamato]]||81,445||13.54||6,015||1970-10-01||[http://www.city.higashiyamato.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Kiyose, Tokyo|Kiyose]]||73,518||10.19||7,215||1970-10-01||[http://www.city.kiyose.tokyo.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070701174308/http://www.city.kiyose.tokyo.jp/ |date=2007-07-01 }} |- |align="left"|[[Higashikurume, Tokyo|Higashikurume]]||115,405||12.92||8,932||1970-10-01||[http://www.city.higashikurume.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Musashimurayama, Tokyo|Musashimurayama]]||68,333||15.37||4,446||1970-11-03||[http://www.city.musashimurayama.tokyo.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100126164716/http://www.city.musashimurayama.tokyo.jp/ |date=2010-01-26 }} |- |align="left"|[[Tama, Tokyo|Tama]]||149,404||21.08||7,087||1971-11-01||[http://www.city.tama.tokyo.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080715124647/http://www.city.tama.tokyo.jp/ |date=2008-07-15 }} |- |align="left"|[[Inagi, Tokyo|Inagi]]||80,772||17.97||4,495||1971-11-01||[http://www.city.inagi.tokyo.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Hamura, Tokyo|Hamura]]||56,984||9.91||5,750||1991-11-01||[http://www.city.hamura.tokyo.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Akiruno, Tokyo|Akiruno]]||80,268||73.34||1,094||1995-09-01||[http://www.city.akiruno.tokyo.jp/] |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Nishitokyo</span>[[Nishitōkyō, Tokyo|Nishitōkyō]]||193,350||15.85||12,199||2001-01-21||[http://www.city.nishitokyo.lg.jp/] |} == Tottori == * population:2008-01-01<ref>[http://www.pref.tottori.lg.jp/dd.aspx?menuid=9974 鳥取県人口移動調査/とりネット/鳥取県公式サイト<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> {|class="wikitable sortable" width="100%" style="text-align:right" ! City name !! Population !! Area !! Density !! Founded !! Homepage |- |align="left"|[[Tottori, Tottori|Tottori]]||200,315||765.66||262||1889-10-01||[http://www.city.tottori.tottori.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050119053120/http://www.city.tottori.tottori.jp/ |date=2005-01-19 }} |- |align="left"|[[Yonago, Tottori|Yonago]]||149,140||132.21||1,128||1927-04-01||[http://www.yonago-city.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071126135318/http://www.yonago-city.jp/ |date=2007-11-26 }} |- |align="left"|[[Kurayoshi, Tottori|Kurayoshi]]||51,453||272.15||189||1953-10-01||[http://www.city.kurayoshi.tottori.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071231191808/http://www.city.kurayoshi.tottori.jp/ |date=2007-12-31 }} |- |align="left"|[[Sakaiminato, Tottori|Sakaiminato]]||35,908||28.79||1,247||1956-04-01||[http://www.city.sakaiminato.tottori.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160725195545/http://www.city.sakaiminato.tottori.jp/ |date=2016-07-25 }} |} == Toyama == * population:2008-01-01<ref>[http://www.pref.toyama.jp/sections/1015/lib/jinko/index.html 人口移動調査<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> {|class="wikitable sortable" width="100%" style="text-align:right" ! City name !! Population !! Area !! Density !! Founded !! Homepage |- |align="left"|[[Toyama, Toyama|Toyama]]||421,116||1,241.85||339||1889-04-01||[http://www.city.toyama.toyama.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Uozu, Toyama|Uozu]]||45,945||200.63||229||1952-04-01||[http://www.city.uozu.toyama.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Himi, Toyama|Himi]]||53,316||230.47||231||1952-08-01||[http://www.city.himi.toyama.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Namerikawa, Toyama|Namerikawa]]||33,789||54.61||619||1954-03-01||[http://www.city.namerikawa.toyama.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Tonami, Toyama|Tonami]]||49,396||126.96||389||1954-04-01||[http://www.city.tonami.toyama.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Oyabe, Toyama|Oyabe]]||32,656||134.11||244||1962-08-01||[http://www.city.oyabe.toyama.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Nanto, Toyama|Nanto]]||57,061||668.86||85.3||2004-11-01||[http://www.city.nanto.toyama.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051201124816/http://www.city.nanto.toyama.jp/ |date=2005-12-01 }} |- |align="left"|[[Takaoka, Toyama|Takaoka]]||178,965||209.38||855||2005-11-01||[http://www.city.takaoka.toyama.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Imizu, Toyama|Imizu]]||94,691||109.18||867||2005-11-01||[http://www.city.imizu.toyama.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Kurobe, Toyama|Kurobe]]||42,612||426.34||99.9||2006-03-31||[http://kurobe.city.kurobe.toyama.jp/] |} == Wakayama == * population:2008-01-01<ref>http://www.pref.wakayama.lg.jp/prefg/020300/suikei/index.html 毎月推計人口</ref> {|class="wikitable sortable" width="100%" style="text-align:right" ! City name !! Population !! Area !! Density !! Founded !! Homepage |- |align="left"|[[Wakayama, Wakayama|Wakayama]]||372,175||209.23||1,779||1889-04-01||[http://www.city.wakayama.wakayama.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Kainan, Wakayama|Kainan]]||55,877||101.18||552||1934-05-01||[http://www.city.kainan.wakayama.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210075705/http://www.city.kainan.wakayama.jp/ |date=2021-02-10 }} |- |align="left"|[[Tanabe, Wakayama|Tanabe]]||80,478||1,026.77||78.4||1942-05-20||[http://www.city.tanabe.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Gobo</span>[[Gobō, Wakayama|Gobō]]||26,335||43.93||599||1954-04-01||[http://www.city.gobo.wakayama.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Arida, Wakayama|Arida]]||31,194||36.92||845||1956-05-01||[http://www.city.arida.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Shingu</span>[[Shingū, Wakayama|Shingū]]||32,654||255.43||128||2005-10-01||[http://www.city.shingu.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Kinokawa, Wakayama|Kinokawa]]||67,192||228.24||294||2005-11-07||[http://www.city.kinokawa.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Hashimoto, Wakayama|Hashimoto]]||67,505||130.31||518||2006-03-01||[http://www.city.hashimoto.wakayama.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060427091637/http://www.city.hashimoto.wakayama.jp/ |date=2006-04-27 }} |- |align="left"|[[Iwade, Wakayama|Iwade]]||51,843||38.50||1,347||2006-04-01||[http://www.city.iwade.wakayama.jp/] |} == Yamagata == * population:2008-01-01<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.pref.yamagata.jp/ou/somu/020052/jinkou.html |title=山形県の人口と世帯数（月報）（推計）の統計表電子データについて — 山形県ホームページ<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2008-04-03 |archive-date=2007-05-19 |archive-url=https://archive.ph/20070519180118/http://www.pref.yamagata.jp/ou/somu/020052/jinkou.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> {|class="wikitable sortable" width="100%" style="text-align:right" ! City name !! Population !! Area !! Density !! Founded !! Homepage |- |align="left"|[[Yamagata, Yamagata]]||255,370||381.34||670||1889-04-01||[http://www.city.yamagata.yamagata.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Yonezawa, Yamagata|Yonezawa]]||91,704||548.74||167||1889-04-01||[http://www.city.yonezawa.yamagata.jp/] |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Shinjo</span>[[Shinjō, Yamagata|Shinjō]]||39,808||223.08||178||1949-04-01||[http://www.city.shinjo.yamagata.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Sagae, Yamagata|Sagae]]||43,299||139.08||311||1954-08-01||[http://www.city.sagae.yamagata.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Kaminoyama, Yamagata|Kaminoyama]]||35,086||240.95||146||1954-10-01||[http://www.city.kaminoyama.yamagata.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Murayama, Yamagata|Murayama]]||27,586||196.83||140||1954-11-01||[http://www.city.murayama.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Nagai, Yamagata|Nagai]]||30,285||214.69||141||1954-11-15||[http://www.city.nagai.yamagata.jp/] |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Tendo</span>[[Tendō, Yamagata|Tendō]]||63,470||113.01||562||1958-10-01||[http://www.city.tendo.yamagata.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Higashine, Yamagata|Higashine]]||46,141||207.17||223||1958-11-03||[http://www.city.higashine.yamagata.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Obanazawa, Yamagata|Obanazawa]]||19,937||372.32||53.5||1959-04-10||[http://www.city.obanazawa.yamagata.jp/] |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Nan'yo</span>[[Nan'yō, Yamagata|Nan'yō]]||34,542||160.70||215||1967-04-01||[http://www.city.nanyo.yamagata.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Tsuruoka, Yamagata|Tsuruoka]]||140,097||1,311.51||107||2005-10-01||[http://www.city.tsuruoka.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Sakata, Yamagata|Sakata]]||114,964||602.79||191||2005-11-01||[http://www.city.sakata.lg.jp/] |} == Yamaguchi == * population:2008-01-01<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.pref.yamaguchi.lg.jp/cms/a12500/jinko/jinko.html |title=山口県/統計分析課/人口・人口移動統計調査（平成20年3月1日現在）<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2008-04-03 |archive-date=2018-07-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180713202913/http://www.pref.yamaguchi.lg.jp/cms/a12500/jinko/jinko.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> {|class="wikitable sortable" width="100%" style="text-align:right" ! City name !! Population !! Area !! Density !! Founded !! Homepage |- |align="left"|[[Ube, Yamaguchi|Ube]]||176,370||287.69||613||1921-11-01||[http://www.city.ube.yamaguchi.jp/] |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Hofu</span>[[Hōfu, Yamaguchi|Hōfu]]||116,393||188.59||617||1936-08-25||[http://www.city.hofu.yamaguchi.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Kudamatsu, Yamaguchi|Kudamatsu]]||54,026||89.36||605||1939-11-03||[http://www.city.kudamatsu.yamaguchi.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080212033246/http://www.city.kudamatsu.yamaguchi.jp/ |date=2008-02-12 }} |- |align="left"|[[Mine, Yamaguchi|Mine]]||17,355||228.25||76.0||1954-03-31||[http://www.city.mine.lg.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201024115614/https://www2.city.mine.lg.jp/ |date=2020-10-24 }} |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Shunan</span>[[Shūnan, Yamaguchi|Shūnan]]||150,299||656.25||229||2003-04-21||[http://www.city.shunan.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Hikari, Yamaguchi|Hikari]]||53,274||91.94||579||2004-10-04||[http://www.city.hikari.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi|Shimonoseki]]||286,073||716.06||400||2005-02-13||[http://www.city.shimonoseki.yamaguchi.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020094055/http://www.city.shimonoseki.yamaguchi.jp/seisaku/kokusai/gaikoku/ |date=2014-10-20 }} |- |align="left"|[[Yanai, Yamaguchi|Yanai]]||35,438||139.90||253||2005-02-21||[http://www.city-yanai.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Hagi, Yamaguchi|Hagi]]||55,831||698.87||79.9||2005-03-06||[http://www.city.hagi.yamaguchi.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050808005011/http://www.city.hagi.yamaguchi.jp/ |date=2005-08-08 }} |- |align="left"|[[Nagato, Yamaguchi|Nagato]]||39,825||357.92||111||2005-03-22||[http://www.city.nagato.yamaguchi.jp/] |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">San'yo-Onoda</span>[[San'yō-Onoda, Yamaguchi|San'yō-Onoda]]||65,523||132.99||493||2005-03-22||[http://www.city.sanyo-onoda.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Yamaguchi, Yamaguchi|Yamaguchi]]||192,008||730.23||263||2005-10-01||[http://www.city.yamaguchi.lg.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Iwakuni, Yamaguchi|Iwakuni]]||146,885||872.71||168||2006-03-20||[http://www.city.iwakuni.yamaguchi.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090926071949/http://www.city.iwakuni.yamaguchi.jp/ |date=2009-09-26 }} |} == Yamanashi == * population:2008-01-01<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.pref.yamanashi.jp/toukei/DB/EDA/A/dbaa04000.html |title={{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060517044252/ |date=2006-05-17 }} ŽR—œŒ§“?Œvƒf &#91;ƒ^ƒoƒ“ƒN @aa04000<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2008-04-03 |archive-date=2006-05-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060517044252/http://www.pref.yamanashi.jp/toukei/DB/EDA/A/dbaa04000.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> {|class="wikitable sortable" width="100%" style="text-align:right" ! City name !! Population !! Area !! Density !! Founded !! Homepage |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Kofu</span>[[Kōfu, Yamanashi|Kōfu]]||199,374||212.41||939||1889-07-01||[http://www.city.kofu.yamanashi.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Fujiyoshida, Yamanashi|Fujiyoshida]]||51,879||121.83||426||1951-03-20||[http://www.city.fujiyoshida.yamanashi.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Tsuru, Yamanashi|Tsuru]]||34,439||161.58||213||1954-04-29||[http://www.city.tsuru.yamanashi.jp/] |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Otsuki</span>[[Ōtsuki, Yamanashi|Ōtsuki]]||29,869||280.30||107||1954-08-08||[http://www.city.otsuki.yamanashi.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Nirasaki, Yamanashi|Nirasaki]]||33,539||143.73||233||1954-10-10||[http://www.city.nirasaki.yamanashi.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040630220735/http://www.city.nirasaki.yamanashi.jp/ |date=2004-06-30 }} |- |align="left"|[[Minami-Alps, Yamanashi|Minami-Alps]]||72,295||264.06||274||2003-04-01||[http://www.city.minami-alps.yamanashi.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Kai, Yamanashi|Kai]]||74,077||71.94||1,030||2004-09-01||[http://www.city.kai.yamanashi.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Fuefuki, Yamanashi|Fuefuki]]||71,184||201.92||353||2004-10-12||[http://www.city.fuefuki.yamanashi.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Hokuto, Yamanashi]]||47,754||602.89||79.2||2004-11-01||[http://www.city.hokuto.yamanashi.jp/] |- |align="left"|[[Uenohara, Yamanashi|Uenohara]]||28,295||170.65||166||2005-02-13||[http://www.city.uenohara.yamanashi.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151107094120/http://www.city.uenohara.yamanashi.jp/ |date=2015-11-07 }} |- |align="left"|[[Yamanashi, Yamanashi|Yamanashi]]||38,202||289.87||132||2005-03-22||[http://www.city.yamanashi.yamanashi.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000901231441/http://www.city.yamanashi.yamanashi.jp/ |date=2000-09-01 }} |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Koshu</span>[[Kōshū, Yamanashi|Kōshū]]||35,072||264.01||133||2005-11-01||[http://www.city.koshu.yamanashi.jp/] |- |align="left"|<span style="display:none">Chuo</span>[[Chūō, Yamanashi|Chūō]]||31,875||31.81||1,002||2006-02-20||[http://www.city.chuo.yamanashi.jp/] |} == Rujukan == {{reflist}} [[Kategori:Pratélan]] [[Kategori:Kutha ing Jepang]] [[de:Liste der Städte in Japan]] [[en:List of cities in Japan]] [[eo:Listo de urboj de Japanio]] [[fi:Luettelo Japanin kaupungeista]] [[fr:Villes du Japon]] [[hu:Japán városai]] [[ja:日本の地方公共団体一覧]] [[nl:Lijst van steden in Japan]] [[pl:Miasta Japonii]] [[pt:Lista de cidades no Japão]] [[ru:Города Японии]] [[sh:Popis gradova u Japanu]] [[sl:Seznam mest na Japonskem]] [[tl:Talaan ng mga lungsod sa Hapon]] [[tr:Japonya'daki şehirler listesi]] [[uk:Список муніципалітетів Японії]] [[zh:日本城市列表]] shvz43o5fw1xdqpdz2jwq2vi29oecp3 Rodhiyum 0 24405 1751931 1668417 2026-07-30T02:28:25Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1751931 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Elementbox_header | number=45 | symbol=Rh | name=rhodium | left=[[Rutèniyum]] | right=[[palladium]] | above=[[Kobalt|Co]] | below=[[iridium|Ir]] | color1=#ffc0c0 | color2=black }} {{Elementbox_series | [[transition metal]]s }} {{Elementbox_groupperiodblock | group=9 | period=5 | block=d }} {{Elementbox_appearance_img | Rh,45| silvery white metallic }} {{Elementbox_atomicmass_gpm | [[1 E-25 kg|102.90550]][[List of elements by atomic mass|(2)]] }} {{Elementbox_econfig | &#91;[[krypton|Kr]]&#93; 4d<sup>8</sup> 5s<sup>1</sup> }} {{Elementbox_epershell | 2, 8, 18, 16, 1 }} {{Elementbox_section_physicalprop | color1=#ffc0c0 | color2=black }} {{Elementbox_phase | [[solid]] }} {{Elementbox_density_gpcm3nrt | 12.41 }} {{Elementbox_densityliq_gpcm3mp | 10.7 }} {{Elementbox_meltingpoint | k=2237 | c=1964 | f=3567 }} {{Elementbox_boilingpoint | k=3968 | c=3695 | f=6683 }} {{Elementbox_heatfusion_kjpmol | 26.59 }} {{Elementbox_heatvaporiz_kjpmol | 494 }} {{Elementbox_heatcapacity_jpmolkat25 | 24.98 }} {{Elementbox_vaporpressure_katpa | 2288 | 2496 | 2749 | 3063 | 3405 | 3997 | comment= }} {{Elementbox_section_atomicprop | color1=#ffc0c0 | color2=black }} {{Elementbox_crystalstruct | cubic face centered }} {{Elementbox_oxistates | 4, 3, 2, 1<ref>{{cite web|url=http://openmopac.net/data_normal/rhfr_jmol.html|title=Rhodium: rhodium(I) fluoride compound data|accessdate=2007-12-10|publisher=OpenMOPAC.net|archive-date=2009-08-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090806072936/http://openmopac.net/data_normal/rhfr_jmol.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />([[amphoteric]] oxide) }} {{Elementbox_electroneg_pauling | 2.28 }} {{Elementbox_ionizationenergies3 | 719.7 | 1740 | 2997 }} {{Elementbox_atomicradius_pm | [[1 E-10 m|135]] }} {{Elementbox_atomicradiuscalc_pm | [[1 E-10 m|173]] }} {{Elementbox_covalentradius_pm | [[1 E-10 m|135]] }} {{Elementbox_section_miscellaneous | color1=#ffc0c0 | color2=black }} {{Elementbox_magnetic | no data }} {{Elementbox_eresist_ohmmat0 | 43.3 n}} {{Elementbox_thermalcond_wpmkat300k | 150 }} {{Elementbox_thermalexpansion_umpmkat25 | 8.2 }} {{Elementbox_speedofsound_rodmpsat20 | 4700 }} {{Elementbox_youngsmodulus_gpa | 380 }} {{Elementbox_shearmodulus_gpa | 150 }} {{Elementbox_bulkmodulus_gpa | 275 }} {{Elementbox_poissonratio | 0.26 }} {{Elementbox_mohshardness | 6.0 }} {{Elementbox_vickershardness_mpa | 1246 }} {{Elementbox_brinellhardness_mpa | 1100 }} {{Elementbox_cas_number | 7440-16-6 }} {{Elementbox_isotopes_begin | color1=#ffc0c0 | color2=black }} {{Elementbox_isotopes_decay2 | mn=99 | sym=Rh | na=[[synthetic radioisotope|syn]] | hl=16.1 [[day|d]] | dm1=[[electron capture|ε]] | de1=- | pn1=99 | ps1=[[ruthenium|Ru]] | dm2=[[gamma ray|γ]] | de2=0.089, 0.353,<br />0.528 | pn2= | ps2=- }} {{Elementbox_isotopes_decay3 | mn=101[[nuclear isomer|m]] | sym=Rh | na=[[synthetic radioisotope|syn]] | hl=[[1 E5 s|4.34 d]] | dm1=[[electron capture|ε]] | de1=- | pn1=101 | ps1=[[ruthenium|Ru]] | dm2=[[Internal conversion|IT]] | de2=0.157 | pn2=101 | ps2=Rh | dm3=[[gamma ray|γ]] | de3=0.306, 0.545 | pn3= | ps3=- }} {{Elementbox_isotopes_decay2 | mn=101 | sym=Rh | na=[[synthetic radioisotope|syn]] | hl=[[1 E8 s|3.3 y]] | dm1=[[electron capture|ε]] | de1=- | pn1=101 | ps1=[[ruthenium|Ru]] | dm2=[[gamma ray|γ]] | de2=0.127, 0.198,<br />0.325 | pn2= | ps2=- }} {{Elementbox_isotopes_decay2 | mn=102[[nuclear isomer|m]] | sym=Rh | na=[[synthetic radioisotope|syn]] | hl=2.9 [[year|y]] | dm1=ε | de1=- | pn1=102 | ps1=[[ruthenium|Ru]] | dm2=[[gamma ray|γ]] | de2=0.475, 0.631,<br />0.697, 1.046 | pn2= | ps2=- }} {{Elementbox_isotopes_decay4 | mn=102 | sym=Rh | na=[[synthetic radioisotope|syn]] | hl=[[1 E7 s|207 d]] | dm1=[[electron capture|ε]] | de1=- | pn1=102 | ps1=[[ruthenium|Ru]] | dm2=[[Positron emission|β<sup>+</sup>]] | de2=0.826, 1.301 | pn2=102 | ps2=[[ruthenium|Ru]] | dm3=[[Beta decay|β<sup>-</sup>]] | de3=1.151 | pn3=102 | ps3=[[Palladium|Pd]] | dm4=[[gamma ray|γ]] | de4=0.475, 0.628 | pn4= | ps4=- }} {{Elementbox_isotopes_stable | mn=103 | sym=Rh | na=100% | n=58 }} {{Elementbox_isotopes_decay2 | mn=105 | sym=Rh | na=[[synthetic radioisotope|syn]] | hl=35.36 [[hour|h]] | dm1=[[Beta decay|β<sup>-</sup>]] | de1=0.247, 0.260,<br />0.566 | pn1=105 | ps1=[[Palladium|Pd]] | dm2=[[gamma ray|γ]] | de2=0.306, 0.318 | pn2= | ps2=- }} {{Elementbox_isotopes_end}} {{Elementbox_footer | color1=#ffc0c0 | color2=black }} '''Rodium''' utawa '''Rhodium''' ({{pronEng|ˈroʊdiəm}}) iku [[unsur kimia]] kanthi simbul '''Rh''' lan [[nomer atom]] 45. <!-- A rare silvery-white hard [[transition metal]] and a member of the [[platinum group]], rhodium is found in platinum ores and is used in [[alloy]]s with platinum and as a [[catalyst]]. It is usually the most expensive [[precious metal]]<ref>[http://www.taxfreegold.co.uk/preciousmetalpricesindx.html Precious Metal Prices Index --> <!-- Bot generated title --> <!-- ]</ref>, though it is sometimes surpassed by [[rhenium]], depending on the market. == Notable characteristics == Rhodium is a hard silvery white and durable metal that has a high [[reflectance]]. Rhodium metal does not normally form an [[oxide]], even when heated. [[Oxygen]] is absorbed from the [[atmosphere]] at the [[melting point]] of rhodium, but on solidification the oxygen is released.<ref> {{cite book | last = Emsley | first = John | title = Nature's Building Blocks | edition = (Hardcover, First Edition) | publisher = [[Oxford University Press]] | date = 2001 | pages = page 363 | id = ISBN 0-19-850340-7 }}</ref> Rhodium has both a higher melting point and lower [[density]] than [[platinum]]. It is not attacked by [[acid]]s: it is completely insoluble in [[nitric acid]] and dissolves slightly in [[aqua regia]]. A complete dissolution of rhodium in powder form is only obtained in [[sulfuric acid]]. == Applications == The primary use of this element is as an alloying agent for hardéning [[platinum]] and [[palladium]]. These alloys are used in furnace windings, bushings for glass fiber production, [[thermocouple]] elements, [[electrode]]s for aircraft [[spark plug]]s, and laboratory crucibles. Other uses include: *It is used as an [[Switch#Contacts|electrical contact]] material due to its low [[electrical resistance]], low and stable [[contact resistance]], and its high [[corrosion]] resistance. *Plated rhodium, made by [[electroplating]] or evaporation, is extremely hard and is used for optical instruments. *This metal finds use in [[jewelry]] and for decorations. It is electroplated on [[white gold]] and platinum to give it a reflective white surface. This is known as rhodium flashing in the jewelry business. It also may be used in coating [[sterling silver]] in order to strengthen the metal from tarnish, as a result from the copper compound found in [[sterling silver]]. *It is also a highly useful [[catalyst]] in a number of industrial processes (notably it is used in the catalytic system of automobile [[catalytic converter]]s and for catalytic carbonylation of methanol to produce [[acetic acid]] by the [[Monsanto process]]). It is used to catalyse addition of hydrosilanes to a double bond, a process important in manufacture of certain silicone rubbers. *The complex of a rhodium ion with [[BINAP]] gives a widely used chiral catalyst for [[chiral synthesis]], as in the synthesis of [[menthol]]. *It is also used as a filter in [[mammography]] systems because of the characteristic x-rays it produces. == History == Rhodium ([[Greek language|Greek]] ''rhodon'' meaning "rose") was [[discovery of the chemical elements|discovered]] in [[1803]] by [[William Hyde Wollaston]],<ref>[http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/Rh/hist.html WebElements - The History of Rhodium]</ref> soon after his discovery of [[palladium]]. He made this discovery in [[England]] using crude [[platinum]] ore that he presumably obtained from [[South America]]. His procedure involved dissolving the ore in [[aqua regia]], neutralizing the acid with [[sodium hydroxide]] ([[sodium|Na]][[oxygen|O]][[hydrogen|H]]). He then precipitated the platinum by adding [[ammonium chloride]], [[nitrogen|N]]H<sub>4</sub>[[chlorine|Cl]], as [[ammonium chloroplatinate]]. The element palladium was removed as [[palladium cyanide]] after treating the solution with [[mercuric cyanide]]. The material that remained was a red [[rhodium(III) chloride]] (hence the name): rhodium metal was isolated via reduction with [[hydrogen]] gas. == Occurrence == ===Normal mining=== The industrial extraction of rhodium is complex as the metal occurs in ores mixed with other metals such as [[palladium]], [[silver]], [[platinum]], and [[gold]]. It is found in platinum ores and obtained free as a white inert metal which is very difficult to fuse. Principal sources of this element are located in South Africa, in river sands of the [[Ural Mountains]], in North and South America and also in the [[copper]]-[[nickel sulfide]] mining area of the [[Sudbury, Ontario]] region. Although the quantity at Sudbury is very small, the large amount of nickel ore processed makes rhodium recovery cost effective. The main exporter of rhodium is South Africa (>80%) followed by Russia. The annual world production of this element is only about 25 [[ton]]s and there are very few rhodium [[mineral]]s. It is generally difficult to determine if a rock sample contains platinum group elements. As of October 2007, rhodium cost approximately eight times more than gold, 450 times more than silver, and 27,250 times more than copper by weight. Rhodium's typical historical price is about $1,000/troy oz,<ref>[http://periodic.lanl.gov/elements/45.html http://periodic.lanl.gov/elements/45.html]</ref> but in recent years it has increased to about $9,050/troy oz.<ref>[http://www.kitco.com/charts/rhodium.html KITCO Rhodium Price Charts]</ref> ===As a fission product=== It is also possible to extract rhodium from [[used nuclear fuel]], which contains rhodium (1 kg of the [[fission products]] of <sup>235</sup>U contain 13.3 grams of <sup>103</sup>Rh. So as a typical used fuel is 3% fission products by weight it will contain about 400 grams of rhodium per ton of used fuel. The longest lived radioisotope of rhodium is <sup>102m</sup>Rh which has a half life of 2.9 years, while the ground state (<sup>102</sup>Rh)has a half life of 207 days. Each kilo of fission rhodium will contain 6.62 ng of <sup>102</sup>Rh and 3.68 ng of <sup>102m</sup>Rh. As <sup>102</sup>Rh decays by [[beta decay]] to either <sup>102</sup>Ru (80%) (some [[positron emission]] will occur) or <sup>102</sup>Pd (20%) (some [[gamma ray]] photons with about 500 keV are generated) and the excited state decays by beta decay (electron capture) to <sup>102</sup>Ru (some [[gamma ray]] photons with about 1 MeV are generated). If the fission occurs in an instant then 13.3 grams of rhodium will contain 67.1 MBq (1.81 mCi) of <sup>102</sup>Rh and 10.8 MBq (291 μCi) of <sup>102m</sup>Rh. As it is normal to allow used nuclear fuel to stand for about five years before reprocessing, much of this activity will decay away leaving 4.7 MBq of <sup>102</sup>Rh and 5.0 MBq of <sup>102m</sup>Rh. If the rhodium metal was then left for 20 years after fission, then the 13.3 grams of rhodium metal would contain 1.3 kBq of <sup>102</sup>Rh and 500 kBq of <sup>102m</sup>Rh. At first glance the rhodium might be adding to the resource value of reprocessed fission waste, but the cost of the separation of the rhodium from the other metals needs to be considered. [[Image:Activity of pt group metals from uranium fission.png|thumb|450px|left|The radioactivity in MBq per gram of each of the platinum group metals which are formed by the fission of uranium, ruthenium is the most radioactive. Palladium has an almost constant activity due to the very long lived [[Pd-107|<sup>107</sup>Pd]], while rhodium is the least radioactive]] == Isotopes == {{main|isotopes of rhodium}} Naturally occurring rhodium is composed of only one [[isotope]], <sup>103</sup>Rh. The most stable [[radioisotope]]s are <sup>101</sup>Rh with a [[half-life]] of 3.3 years, <sup>102</sup>Rh with a [[half-life]] of 207 days, <sup>102m</sup>Rh with a [[half-life]] of 2.9 years, and <sup>99</sup>Rh with a half-life of 16.1 days. Twenty other radioisotopes have been characterized with [[atomic weight]]s ranging from 92.926 [[atomic mass unit|u]] (<sup>93</sup>Rh) to 116.925 u (<sup>117</sup>Rh). Most of these have half-lifes that are less than an hour except <sup>100</sup>Rh (half-life: 20.8 hours) and <sup>105</sup>Rh (half-life: 35.36 hours). There are also numerous [[meta state]]s with the most stable being <sup>102m</sup>Rh (0.141 MeV) with a half-life of about 207 days and <sup>101m</sup>Rh (0.157 MeV) with a half-life of 4.34 days. See [[isotopes of rhodium]]. The primary [[decay mode]] before the only stable isotope, <sup>103</sup>Rh, is [[electron capture]] and the primary mode after is [[beta emission]]. The primary [[decay product]] before <sup>103</sup>Rh is [[ruthenium]] and the primary product after is [[palladium]]. == Precautions == Rhodium metal is, as a noble metal, inert. However, when rhodium is chemically bound, it is reactive. Rhodium compounds are not often encountered by most people and should be considered to be [[toxic]] and possibly [[carcinogen]]ic{{Fact|date=September 2007}}. Lethal intake (LD50) for rats is 12.6 mg/kg of rhodium chloride (RhCl<sub>3</sub>){{Fact|date=September 2007}}. Rhodium compounds can strongly stain human skin. The element plays no biological role in humans. If used plainly, without compounds, the metal is harmless. == Symbolic uses == Rhodium has been used for honours, or to symbolize wealth, when more commonly used metals such as silver, gold, or platinum are deemed insufficient. In 1979 the ''[[Guinness Book of World Records]]'' gave [[Paul McCartney]] a rhodium-plated disc for being history's all-time best-selling songwriter and recording artist. Guinness has also noted items such as the world's "Most Expensive Pen" or "Most Expensive Board Game" as containing rhodium. ==See also== *[[:category:Rhodium compounds|Rhodium compounds]] --> == Rujukan == <references /> == Pranala njaba == * [http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/Rh/index.html WebElements.com – Rhodium] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080410081116/http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/Rh/index.html |date=2008-04-10 }} * [http://www.kitco.com/market/ Current Rhodium price] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160113005141/http://www.kitco.com/market/ |date=2016-01-13 }} * [http://www.americanelements.com/rh.html Rhodium Technical and Safety Data] * [http://periodic.lanl.gov/elements/45.html Los Alamos National Laboratory – Rhodium] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070203195616/http://periodic.lanl.gov/elements/45.html |date=2007-02-03 }} [[Gambar:Rhodium_foil_and_wire.jpg|left|thumb|lembaran lan kawat Rodium]] {{Commons|Rhodium}} {{wiktionary|rhodium}} {{clear}} {{Tabel périodik unsur kimia}} {{Watu aji}} [[Kategori:Rodium| ]] [[Kategori:Unsur kimia]] [[Kategori:Logam transisi]] {{kimia-stub}} 2033d1qjsgb0w940fc02u33j9e2cfty Protaktinium 0 24450 1751924 1736685 2026-07-29T19:39:26Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1751924 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Elementbox_header | number=91 | symbol=Pa | name=protactinium | left=[[thorium]] | right=[[uranium]] | above=[[praseodymium|Pr]] | below=(Uqu) | color1=#ff99cc | color2=black }} {{Elementbox_series | [[aktinida]] }} {{Elementbox_periodblock | period=7 | block=f }} {{Elementbox_appearance | bright, silvery metallic luster }} {{Elementbox_atomicmass_gpm | [[1 E-25 kg|231.03588]][[List of elements by atomic mass|(2)]] }} {{Elementbox_econfig | &#91;[[radon|Rn]]&#93; 7s<sup>2</sup> 6d<sup>1</sup> 5f<sup>2</sup> }} {{Elementbox_epershell | 2, 8, 18, 32, 20, 9, 2 }} {{Elementbox_section_physicalprop | color1=#ff99cc | color2=black }} {{Elementbox_phase | [[solid]] }} {{Elementbox_density_gpcm3nrt | 15.37 }} {{Elementbox_meltingpoint | k=1841 | c=1568 | f=2854 }} {{Elementbox_boilingpoint | k=? 4300 | c=? 4027 | f=? }} {{Elementbox_heatfusion_kjpmol | 12.34 }} {{Elementbox_heatvaporiz_kjpmol | 481 }} {{Elementbox_section_atomicprop | color1=#ff99cc | color2=black }} {{Elementbox_crystalstruct | orthorhombic }} {{Elementbox_oxistates | 2, 3, 4, '''5'''<br />(weakly [[base (chemistry)|basic]] oxide) }} {{Elementbox_electroneg_pauling | 1.5 }} {{Elementbox_ionizationenergies1 | 568 }} {{Elementbox_atomicradius_pm | [[1 E-10 m|180]] }} {{Elementbox_section_miscellaneous | color1=#ff99cc | color2=black }} {{Elementbox_magnetic | no data }} {{Elementbox_eresist_ohmmat0 | 177 n}} {{Elementbox_thermalcond_wpmkat300k | 47 }} {{Elementbox_cas_number | 7440-13-3 }} {{Elementbox_isotopes_begin | color1=#ff99cc | color2=black }} {{Elementbox_isotopes_decay | mn=229 | sym=Pa | na=[[synthetic radioisotope|syn]] | hl=1.4 d | dm=[[alpha decay|α]] | de=5.58 | pn=225 | ps=[[actinium|Ac]] }} {{Elementbox_isotopes_decay2 | mn=230 | sym=Pa | na=[[synthetic radioisotope|syn]] | hl=17.4 d | dm1=[[Electron capture|ε]] | de1=1.310 | pn1=230 | ps1=[[thorium|Th]] | dm2=[[Beta minus decay|β<sup>-</sup>]] | de2=0.563 | pn2=230 | ps2=[[uranium|U]] }} {{Elementbox_isotopes_decay | mn=231 | sym=Pa | na=~100% | hl=32760 y | dm=[[alpha decay|α]] | de=5.149 | pn=227 | ps=[[actinium|Ac]] }} {{Elementbox_isotopes_decay | mn=232 | sym=Pa | na=[[synthetic radioisotope|syn]] | hl=1.31 d | dm=[[beta emission|β<sup>-</sup>]] | de=0.31 | pn=232 | ps=[[uranium|U]] }} {{Elementbox_isotopes_decay | mn=233 | sym=Pa | na=[[synthetic radioisotope|syn]] | hl=26.967 [[day|d]] | dm=[[beta emission|β<sup>-</sup>]] | de=0.571 | pn=233 | ps=[[uranium|U]] }} {{Elementbox_isotopes_decay2 | mn=234m | sym=Pa | na=[[synthetic radioisotope|syn]] | hl=1.17 [[minute|min]] | dm1=[[beta emission|β<sup>-</sup>]] | de1=2.29 | pn1=234 | ps1=[[uranium|U]] | dm2=[[isomeric transition|IT]] | de2=0.0694 | pn2=234 | ps2=[[protactinium|Pa]] }} {{Elementbox_isotopes_decay | mn=234 | sym=Pa | na=[[synthetic radioisotope|syn]] | hl=6.75 [[hour|h]] | dm=[[beta emission|β<sup>-</sup>]] | de=0.23<! http://www.mindfully.org/Nucs/2003/Leuren-Moret-ICT13dec03.htm > | pn=234 | ps=[[uranium|U]] }} {{Elementbox_isotopes_end}} {{Elementbox_footer | color1=#ff99cc | color2=black }} '''Protaktinium''' ({{pronEng|ˌproʊtækˈtɪniəm}}) iku [[unsur kimia]] kanthi simbul '''Pa''' lan [[nomer atom]] 91. <!-- == Notable Characteristics == Protactinium is a silver [[metal]]lic element that belongs to the [[actinide]] group, with a bright metallic luster that it retains for some time in the air. It is [[Superconductivity|superconductive]] at temperatures below 1.4 K. == Applications == Due to its scarcity, high radioactivity, and toxicity, there are currently no uses for protactinium outside of basic scientific research. Protactinium-231 (which is formed by the [[alpha decay]] of [[Uranium-235]] followed by [[beta decay]] of [[Thorium-231]]) could possibly sustain a nuclear [[chain reaction]]; [[Walter Seifritz]] has estimated that it might in principle be used to build a [[nuclear weapon]] with a [[critical mass]] of 750±180 kg. Other authors have concluded that such chain reactions would not be possible. == History == In [[1890]], [[Dmitri Mendeleev|Mendeleev]] [[Mendeleev's predicted elements|predicted]] the existence of an element between [[thorium]] and [[uranium]]. In [[1900]], [[William Crookes]] isolated protactinium as a radioactive material from uranium; however, he did not identify it as a new element<ref> {{cite book | last = Emsley | first = John | title = Nature's Building Blocks | edition = (Hardcover, First Edition) | publisher = [[Oxford University Press]] | date= 2001 | pages = page 347 | id = ISBN 0-19-850340-7 }}</ref>. Protactinium was first identified in [[1913]], when [[Kasimir Fajans]] and [[O. H. Göhring]] encountered the short-lived isotope 234m-Pa (half-life of about 1.17 minute), during their studies of the decay chain of 238-U. They gave the new element the name '''Brevium''' ([[Latin]] ''brevis'', brief, short);<ref>{{cite journal | author = K. Fajans and 0. Gohring, | title = Über die komplexe Natur des Ur X | journal = Naturwissenschaften | year = 1913 | volume =14 | pages = 339 | url =http://www.digizeitschriften.de/no_cache/home/jkdigitools/loader/?tx_jkDigiTools_pi1%5BIDDOC%5D=201162&tx_jkDigiTools_pi1%5Bpp%5D=425}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | author = K. Fajans and 0. Gohring, | title = Über das Uran X<sub>2</sub>-das neue Element der Uranreihe | journal = Physikalische Zeitschrift | year = 1913 | volume = 14 | pages = 877-84}}</ref> the name was changed to '''Protoactinium''' in [[1918]] when two groups of scientists ([[Otto Hahn]] and [[Lise Meitner]] of [[Germany]] and [[Frederick Soddy]] and [[John Cranston]] of the [[United Kingdom|UK]]) independently discovered 231-Pa. The name was shortened to ''Protactinium'' in [[1949]]. [[Aristid von Grosse]] prepared 2 mg of Pa<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> in [[1927]],<ref>{{cite journal | author = Aristid von Grosse | title = Das Element 91; seine Eigenschaften und seine Gewinnung | pages = 233-245 | journal = [[Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft]] | doi = 10.1002/cber.19280610137 | volume = 61 | issue = 1 }}</ref> and in [[1934]] performed the first isolation of elemental protactinium from 0.1 mg of Pa<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>, by converting the oxide to an iodide and then cracking it in a high vacuum with an electrically heated filament by the reaction 2PaI<sub>5</sub> → 2Pa + 5I<sub>2</sub> ([[crystal bar process|iodide process]]). In [[1961]], the United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority was able to produce 125 g of 99.9% pure protactinium, processing 60 tons of waste material in a 12-stage process and spending 500,000 USD. For many years, this was the world's only supply of the element. It is reported that the metal was sold to laboratories for a cost of 2,800 USD / g in the following years.{{Facts|date=November 2007}} == Occurrence == Protactinium occurs in [[uraninite|pitchblende]] to the extent of about 1 [[parts-per notation|part]] <sup>231</sup>Pa per 10 million parts of ore (i.e., 0.1 [[parts per billion|ppm]]). Some ores from the [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] have about 3 ppm. --> == Campuran == Campuran Protaktinium kang diweruhi: * Fluorida: [[protactinium(IV) fluoride|PaF<sub>4</sub>]], [[protaktinium(V) fluorida|PaF<sub>5</sub>]] * Klorida: [[protaktinium(IV) chlorida|PaCl<sub>4</sub>]], [[protaktinium(V) klorida|PaCl<sub>5</sub>]] * Bromida: [[protaktinium(IV) bromida|PaBr<sub>4</sub>]], [[protaktinium(V) bromid|PaBr<sub>5</sub>]] * Yodida: [[protaktinium(III) yodida|PaI<sub>3</sub>]], [[protactinium(IV) yodida|PaI<sub>4</sub>]], [[protactinium(V) iodide|PaI<sub>5</sub>]] * Oksida: [[protactinium(II) oxide|PaO]], [[protactinium(IV) oksida|PaO<sub>2</sub>]], [[protaktinium(V) oksida|Pa<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>]] <!-- {{seealso|Compounds of Protactinium}} == Isotopes == --> <!-- This section is linked from [[Uranium]] --> <!-- {{main|isotopes of protactinium}} 29 [[radioisotope]]s of protactinium have been characterized, with the most stable being 231-Pa with a [[half life]] of 32760 years, 233-Pa with a half-life of 26.967 days, and 230-Pa with a half-life of 17.4 days. All of the remaining [[radioactive]] isotopes have half-lifes that are less than 1.6 days, and the majority of these have half lifes that are less than 1.8 seconds. This element also has 2 [[meta state]]s, 217m-Pa (t<sub>½</sub> 1.15 milliseconds) and 234m-Pa (t<sub>½</sub> 1.17 minutes). The primary [[decay mode]] for isotopes of Pa lighter than (and including) the most stable isotope 231-Pa (ie, <sup>212</sup>Pa to <sup>231</sup>Pa) is [[alpha decay]] and the primary mode for the heavier isotopes (ie, <sup>232</sup>Pa to <sup>240</sup>Pa) is [[Beta decay|beta minus (β<sup>−</sup>) decay]]. The primary [[decay product]]s of isotopes of Pa lighter than (and including) 231-Pa are element Ac ([[actinium]]) isotopes and the primary decay products for the heavier isotopes of Pa are element U ([[uranium]]) isotopes. --> == Pènget == Protaktinium iku mawa racun lan asipat radioaktif banget. Diperlokaké cara-cara kaya déné aturan kasalametan nalika nangani [[plutonium]]. == Rujukan == {{reflist}} == Pranala njaba == {{Commons|Protactinium}} {{wiktionary|protactinium}} * [http://www.ead.anl.gov/pub/doc/protactinium.pdf ANL factsheet] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080307023843/http://www.ead.anl.gov/pub/doc/protactinium.pdf |date=2008-03-07 }} * [http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/Pa/index.html WebElements.com - Protactinium] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080408010224/http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/Pa/index.html |date=2008-04-08 }} * [http://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele091.html It's Elemental - Protactinium] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509133312/http://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele091.html |date=2008-05-09 }} * InfoHaunter [http://pubs.acs.org/cen/80th/protactinium.html] {{clear}} {{Tabel périodik unsur kimia}} [[Kategori:Aktinida]] [[Kategori:Unsur kimia]] {{kimia-stub}} ad3xyq690k1ikfs1ocbwyrgyf9gdlq2 Prometium 0 24462 1751923 1736684 2026-07-29T19:37:40Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1751923 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Elementbox_header | number=61 | symbol=Pm | name=promethium | left=[[neodymium]] | right=[[samarium]] | above=- | below=[[neptunium|Np]] | color1=#ffbfff | color2=black }} {{Elementbox_series | [[lantanida]] }} {{Elementbox_periodblock | period=6 | block=f }} {{Elementbox_appearance | metallic }} {{Elementbox_atomicmass_gpm | [[1 E-25 kg|[145]]][[List of elements by atomic mass|(0)]] }} {{Elementbox_econfig | &#91;[[xenon|Xe]]&#93; 4f<sup>5</sup> 6s<sup>2</sup> }} {{Elementbox_epershell | 2, 8, 18, 23, 8, 2 }} {{Elementbox_section_physicalprop | color1=#ffbfff | color2=black }} {{Elementbox_phase | [[solid]] }} {{Elementbox_density_gpcm3nrt | 7.26 }} {{Elementbox_meltingpoint | k=1315 | c=1042 | f=1908 }} {{Elementbox_boilingpoint | k=3273 | c=3000 | f=5432 }} {{Elementbox_heatfusion_kjpmol | 7.13 }} {{Elementbox_heatvaporiz_kjpmol | 289 }} {{Elementbox_section_atomicprop | color1=#ffbfff | color2=black }} {{Elementbox_crystalstruct | hexagonal }} {{Elementbox_oxistates | 3<br />(mildly [[base (chemistry)|basic]] oxide) }} {{Elementbox_electroneg_pauling | ? 1.13 }} {{Elementbox_ionizationenergies4 | 540 | 1050 | 2150 }} {{Elementbox_atomicradius_pm | [[1 E-10 m|185]] }} {{Elementbox_atomicradiuscalc_pm | [[1 E-10 m|205]] }} {{Elementbox_section_miscellaneous | color1=#ffbfff | color2=black }} {{Elementbox_magnetic | no data }} {{Elementbox_eresist_ohmm | ([[room temperature|r.t.]]) est. 0.75 µ}} {{Elementbox_thermalcond_wpmkat300k | 17.9 }} {{Elementbox_thermalexpansion_umpmk | ([[room temperature|r.t.]]) (α, poly)<br />est. 11 }} {{Elementbox_youngsmodulus_gpa | (α form) est. 46 }} {{Elementbox_shearmodulus_gpa | (α form) est. 18 }} {{Elementbox_bulkmodulus_gpa | (α form) est. 33 }} {{Elementbox_poissonratio | (α form) est. 0.28 }} {{Elementbox_cas_number | 7440-12-2 }} {{Elementbox_isotopes_begin | color1=#ffbfff | color2=black }} {{Elementbox_isotopes_decay | mn=145 | sym=Pm | na=[[synthetic radioisotope|syn]] | hl=17.7 [[year|y]] | dm=[[Electron capture|ε]] | de=0.163 | pn=145 | ps=[[neodymium|Nd]] }} {{Elementbox_isotopes_decay2 | mn=146 | sym=Pm | na=[[synthetic radioisotope|syn]] | hl=5.53 y | dm1=ε | de1=1.472 | pn1=146 | ps1=[[neodymium|Nd]] | dm2=[[Beta minus decay|β<sup>-</sup>]] | de2=1.542 | pn2=146 | ps2=[[samarium|Sm]] }} {{Elementbox_isotopes_decay | mn=147 | sym=Pm | na=[[synthetic radioisotope|syn]] | hl=2.6234 [[year|y]] | dm=[[beta emission|β<sup>-</sup>]] | de=0.224 | pn=147 | ps=[[samarium|Sm]] }} {{Elementbox_isotopes_end}} {{Elementbox_footer | color1=#ffbfff | color2=black }} '''Prometium''' ({{pronEng|prəˈmiːθiəm/, /proʊˈmiːθiəm}}) iku [[unsur kimia]] kanthi simbul '''Pm''' lan [[nomer atom]] 61. <!-- It is notable for being the only other radioactive element besides [[technetium]] which is followed by chemical elements that have stable [[isotopes]]. == Notable characteristics == Promethium's longest lived isotope <sup>145</sup>Pm is a soft [[beta particle|beta]] emitter with a half-life of 17.7 years. It does not emit [[gamma ray]]s, but beta particles impinging on elements of high atomic numbers can generate [[X-ray]]s, and a sample of <sup>145</sup>Pm does produce some such soft X-ray radiation in addition to beta particles. Pure promethium exists in two [[allotropic]] forms, and its chemistry is similar to other [[lanthanide]]s. Promethium salts luminesce in the dark with a pale blue or greenish glow, due to their high radioactivity. Promethium can be found in traces in some [[uranium]] ores, as a fission product. Newly made promethium is also seen in the spectra of some stars. == Applications == Uses for promethium include: * As a beta radiation source for thickness gauges. * As a light source for signals that require reliable, independent operation (using [[phosphor]] to absorb the beta radiation and produce light). * In a [[nuclear battery]] in which photocells convert the light into electric current, yielding a useful life of about five years, using Pm-147. * [[Promethium(III) chloride]] (PmCl<sub>3</sub>) mixed with [[zinc sulfide]] ([[Zinc|Zn]][[Sulfur|S]]) was used for time as a major luminous paint for watches after [[radium]] was discontinued. This mixture is still occasionally used for some luminous paint applications (though most such uses with radioactive materials have switched to [[tritium]] for safety reasons). * Promethium has a possible future uses in portable X-ray sources, and as auxiliary heat or power sources for space probes and satellites (although the alpha emitter [[plutonium-238]] has become standard for most space-exploration related uses – see [[Radioisotope thermoelectric generators]]). == History == The existence of promethium was first predicted by [[Bohuslav Brauner]] in [[1902]]; this prediction was supported by [[Henry Moseley]] in [[1914]], who found a gap for a missing element which would have atomic number 61, but was unknown (however, Moseley of course had no sample of the element to verify this). Several groups claimed to have produced the element, but they could not confirm their discoveries because of the difficulty of separating promethium from other elements. Promethium was first produced and proved to exist at [[Oak Ridge National Laboratory]] (ORNL) in [[1945]] by [[Jacob A. Marinsky]], [[Lawrence E. Glendenin]] and [[Charles D. Coryell]] by separation and analysis of the fission products of [[uranium]] fuel irradiated in the [[Graphite Reactor]]; however, being too busy with defense-related research during [[World War II]], they did not announce their discovery until [[1947]].<ref>{{cite journal | year = 2003 | title = Discovery of Promethium | journal = [[Oak Ridge National Laboratory|ORNL]] Review | volume = 36 | issue = 1 | url = http://www.ornl.gov/info/ornlreview/v36_1_03/article_02.shtml | accessdate = 2006-09-17 }}</ref> The name promethium is derived from [[Prometheus]], the Titan, in [[Greek mythology]], who stole the fire from Mount Olympus and brought it down to mankind. The name was suggested by Grace Mary Coryell, Charles Coryell's wife, who felt that they were stealing fire from the gods. In [[1963]], ion-exchange methods were used at ORNL to prepare about 10&nbsp;grams of promethium from nuclear reactor fuel processing wastes. Today, promethium is still recovered from the byproducts of uranium fission; it can also be produced by bombarding <sup>146</sup>Nd with [[neutron]]s, turning it into <sup>147</sup>Nd which decays into <sup>147</sup>Pm through beta decay with a half-life of 11 days. == Occurrence == Promethium can be formed in nature as a product of [[spontaneous fission]] of [[uranium-238]] and [[alpha decay]] of [[europium]]-151. Only trace amounts can be found in naturally occurring ores: a sample of [[pitchblende]] has been found to contain promethium at a concentration of four parts per quintillion (10<sup>18</sup>) by mass.<ref>{{cite journal | last = Attrep | first = Moses, Jr. | coauthors = and P. K. Kuroda | year = 1968 | month = May | title = Promethium in pitchblende | journal = Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry | volume = 30 | issue = 3 | pages = 699–703 | doi = 10.1016/0022-1902(68)80427-0 }}</ref> It was calculated that the equilibrium mass of promethium in the [[earth crust]] is about 560 g due to uranium fission and about 12 g due to the recently observed alpha decay of europium-151 <ref>{{cite journal | author = P. Belli, R. Bernabei, F. Cappella, R. Cerulli, C.J. Dai, F.A. Danevich, A. d’Angelo, A. Incicchitti, V.V. Kobychev, S.S. Nagorny, S. Nisi, F. Nozzoli, D. Prosperi, V.I. Tretyak, S.S. Yurchenko | year = 2007 | month = | title = Search for α decay of natural Europium | journal = Nuclear Physics A | volume = 789 | issue = | pages = 15–29 | doi = 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2007.03.001 }}</ref> Promethium has also been identified in the spectrum of the star [[HR 465]] in [[Andromeda (constellation)|Andromeda]], and possibly HD 101065 ([[Przybylski's star]]) and HD 965.<ref>{{cite journal | author = C. R. Cowley, W. P. Bidelman, S. Hubrig, G. Mathys, and D. J. Bord | year = 2004 | title = On the possible presence of promethium in the spectra of HD 101065 (Przybylski's star) and HD 965 | journal = Astronomy & Astrophysics | volume = 419 | pages = 1087–1093 | doi = 10.1051/0004-6361:20035726 }}</ref> --> == Campuran == Campuran Prometium antarané awujud: * Chlorida ** [[promethium(III) chlorida|PmCl<sub>3</sub>]] * Bromida ** [[Promethium(III) bromida|PmBr<sub>3</sub>]] * Oksida ** [[promethium(III) oksida|Pm<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>]] <!-- == Isotopes == {{main|isotopes of promethium}} Thirty-six [[radioisotope]]s of promethium have been characterized, with the most stable being <sup>145</sup>Pm with a [[half-life]] of 17.7 years, <sup>146</sup>Pm with a half-life of 5.53 years, and <sup>147</sup>Pm with a half-life of 2.6234 years. All of the remaining [[radioactive]] isotopes have half-lives that are less than 364 days, and the majority of these have half lives that are less than 27 seconds. This element also has 11 [[meta state]]s with the most stable being <sup>148</sup>Pm<sup>''m''</sup> (T<sub>½</sub> 41.29 days), <sup>152</sup>Pm<sup>''m''2</sup> (T<sub>½</sub> 13.8 minutes) and <sup>152</sup>Pm<sup>''m''</sup> (T<sub>½</sub> 7.52 minutes). The isotopes of promethium range in [[atomic weight]] from 127.9482600 [[atomic mass unit|u]] (<sup>128</sup>Pm) to 162.9535200 u (<sup>163</sup>Pm). The primary [[decay mode]] before the longest-lived isotope, <sup>145</sup>Pm, is [[electron capture]], and the primary mode after is [[beta minus decay]]. The primary [[decay product]]s before <sup>145</sup>Pm are [[neodymium]] (Nd) isotopes and the primary products after are [[samarium]] (Sm) isotopes. ===Stability of promethium isotopes=== Besides [[technetium]], promethium is one of the two elements with atomic number less than 83 that have only unstable isotopes, which is a [[Technetium#Stability of technetium isotopes|rarely occurring effect]] of the [[liquid drop model]] and stabilities of neighbor element isotopes. --> == Pènget == Prometium kudu ditangani kanthi ati-ati banget amarga sipaté kang '''radioaktif banget'''. Mliginé, prometium bisa mancarké sinar X sajeroning kaanan ''[[beta decay]]''. Umur paroné kurang saka [[plutonium]]-239 kanthi faktor watara 1350, lan sipat mawa racun biologiné uga dadi luwih dhuwur. Prometium ora duwé peran biologi. == Réferènsi == <!-- See [[Wikipedia:Footnotes]] for instructions. --> <references /> * [http://periodic.lanl.gov/elements/61.html Los Alamos National Laboratory – Promethium] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101127044307/http://periodic.lanl.gov/elements/61.html |date=2010-11-27 }} == Pranala njaba == {{Commons|Promethium}} {{wiktionary|promethium}} * [http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/Pm/index.html WebElements.com – Promethium] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080516061137/http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/Pm/index.html |date=2008-05-16 }} * [http://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele061.html It's Elemental – Promethium] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200513170620/https://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele061.html |date=2020-05-13 }} {{clear}} {{Tabel périodik unsur kimia}} [[Kategori:Unsur kimia]] [[Kategori:Lantanida]] [[Kategori:Èlemèn sintètis]] {{kimia-stub}} <!-- interwiki --> kay19eka0lck002g3rccccu4h0sf8z0 Rutherfordium 0 24498 1751933 1500000 2026-07-30T03:41:07Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1751933 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Elementbox_header | number=104 | symbol=Rf | name=rutherfordium | left=[[lawrencium]] | right=[[dubnium]] | above=[[hafnium|Hf]] | below=(Upq) | color1=#ffc0c0 | color2=black }} {{Elementbox_series | [[logam transisi]] }} {{Elementbox_groupperiodblock | group=4 | period=7 | block=d }} {{Elementbox_atomicmass_gpm | [267] }} {{Elementbox_econfig | &#91;[[radon|Rn]]&#93; 5f<sup>14</sup> 6d<sup>2</sup> 7s<sup>2</sup> }} {{Elementbox_epershell | 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 10, 2 }} {{Elementbox_section_physicalprop | color1=#ffc0c0 | color2=black }} {{Elementbox_phase | presumably a [[padhet]] }} {{Elementbox_density_gpcm3nrt | ora dimangertèni }} {{Elementbox_section_atomicprop | color1=#ffc0c0 | color2=black }} {{Elementbox_crystalstruct |ora dimangertèni }} {{Elementbox_oxistates | 4}} {{Elementbox_ionizationenergies1 | ora dimangertèni }} {{Elementbox_atomicradiuscalc_pm | ora dimangertèni }} {{Elementbox_covalentradius_pm | ora dimangertèni }} {{Elementbox_section_miscellaneous | color1=#ffc0c0 | color2=black }} {{Elementbox_cas_number | 53850-36-5 }} {{Elementbox_isotopes_begin | color1=#ffc0c0 | color2=black }} {{Elementbox_isotopes_decay | mn=267 | sym=Rf | na=[[synthetic radioisotope|syn]] | hl=1.3 h | dm=SF | de= | pn= | ps= }} {{Elementbox_isotopes_decay2 | mn=263m | sym=Rf | na=[[synthetic radioisotope|syn]] | hl=~15 m | dm1=SF | de1= | pn1= | ps1= |dm2=α | de2=7.90 ? | pn2= | ps2= }} {{Elementbox_isotopes_decay | mn=263g | sym=Rf | na=[[synthetic radioisotope|syn]] | hl=8 s| dm=SF | de= | pn= | ps= }} {{Elementbox_isotopes_decay | mn=262 | sym=Rf | na=[[synthetic radioisotope|syn]] | hl=2.1 s| dm=SF | de= | pn= | ps= }} {{Elementbox_isotopes_decay | mn=261m | sym=Rf | na=[[synthetic radioisotope|syn]] | hl=1.1 m| dm=[[alpha decay|α]] | de=8.28 | pn=257 | ps=No }} {{Elementbox_isotopes_decay2 | mn=261g | sym=Rf | na=[[synthetic radioisotope|syn]] | hl=3.7 s | dm1=83% SF | de1= | pn1= | ps1= |dm2=17% α | de2=8.52 | pn2=257 | ps2=No }} {{Elementbox_isotopes_decay | mn=260 | sym=Rf | na=[[synthetic radioisotope|syn]] | hl=20 ms| dm=SF| de=| pn= | ps= }} {{Elementbox_isotopes_decay2 | mn=259 | sym=Rf | na=[[synthetic radioisotope|syn]] | hl=3.1 s| dm1=93% α | de1=8.87,8.77 | pn1=255 | ps1=No |dm2=7% SF | de2=| pn2= | ps2= }} {{Elementbox_isotopes_decay | mn=258 | sym=Rf | na=[[synthetic radioisotope|syn]] | hl=13 ms| dm=SF| de= | pn=| ps= }} {{Elementbox_isotopes_decay | mn=257m | sym=Rf | na=[[synthetic radioisotope|syn]] | hl=4.0 s| dm=α| de=9.02,8.97 | pn=253| ps=No }} {{Elementbox_isotopes_decay2 | mn=257g | sym=Rf | na=[[synthetic radioisotope|syn]] | hl=3.5 s| dm1=89% α | de1=8.90,8.78,8.52,8.28 | pn1=253 | ps1=No |dm2=11% [[electron capture|ε]] | de2=| pn2=257 | ps2=Lr}} {{Elementbox_isotopes_decay2 | mn=256 | sym=Rf | na=[[synthetic radioisotope|syn]] | hl=6.2 ms | dm1=99.7% SF | de1= | pn1= | ps1= |dm2=0.3% α | de2=8.79 | pn2=252 | ps2=No }} {{Elementbox_isotopes_decay2 | mn=255 | sym=Rf | na=[[synthetic radioisotope|syn]] | hl=1.8 s | dm1=~50% α | de1=8.81,8.77,8.74,8.71| pn1=251 | ps1=No |dm2=~50% SF | de2= | pn2= | ps2= }} {{Elementbox_isotopes_decay | mn=254 | sym=Rf | na=[[synthetic radioisotope|syn]] | hl=0.022 ms| dm=SF| de= | pn=| ps= }} {{Elementbox_isotopes_decay | mn=253 | sym=Rf | na=[[synthetic radioisotope|syn]] | hl=0.048 ms| dm=SF| de= | pn=| ps= }} {{Elementbox_isotopes_end}} {{Elementbox_footer | color1=#ffc0c0 | color2=black }} '''Rutherfordium''' ({{pronEng|ˌrʌðɚˈfɔrdiəm}}) iku [[unsur kimia]] sajeroning [[Tabel périodik]] kanthi simbul '''Rf''' lan [[nomer atom]] [[104]]. <!-- {{Listen|filename=rutherfordium.ogg|title=Rutherfordium|description=Common English pronunciation of rutherfordium|format=[[Ogg]]}} This is a [[radioactive]] [[synthetic element]] whose most stable known [[isotope]] is <sup>267</sup>Rf with a [[half-life]] of approximately 1.3 hours. Chemistry experiments have confirmed that rutherfordium behaves as the heavier homologue to hafnium in group 4 (see below). ==Official discovery== Element 104 was reportedly [[discovery of the chemical elements|first detected]] in 1966 at the [[JINR|Joint Institute of Nuclear Research ]] at [[Dubna]] ([[U.S.S.R.]]). Researchers there bombarded <sup>242</sup>[[plutonium|Pu]] with accelerated <sup>22</sup>[[neon|Ne]] [[ion]]s and separated the reaction products by gradient thermochromatography after conversion to chlorides by interaction with ZrCl<sub>4</sub>. The team identified a [[spontaneous fission]] activity contained within a volatile chloride portraying eka-hafnium properties. Although a half-life was not accurately determined, later calculations indicated that the product was most likely <sup>259</sup>Rf:<ref name=93TWG>[http://www.iupac.org/publications/pac/1993/pdf/6508x1757.pdf "DISCOVERY OF THE TRANSFERMIUM ELEMENTS"], '''IUPAC/IUPAP Technial Report''', ''Pure & Appl. Chem.'', Vol. 65, No. 8, pp. 1757-1814,1993. Retrieved on [[2008-03-04]]</ref> :<math>\, ^{242}_{94}\mathrm{Pu} + \, ^{22}_{10}\mathrm{Ne} \to \, ^{264-x}_{104}\mathrm{Rf}\to \,^{264-x}_{104}\mathrm{RfCl}_{4}</math> The Russian scientists proposed the name ''Kurchatovium'' for the new element. In 1969 researchers at the [[University of California, Berkeley]] conclusively synthesized the element by bombarding a [[californium|Cf]]-249 target with carbon-12 ions and measured the alpha decay of <sup>257</sup>104, correlated with the daughter decay of <sup>253</sup>102. <ref name=69Gh01>[http://prola.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v22/i24/p1317_1 "Positive Identification of Two Alpha-Particle-Emitting Isotopes of Element 104"], '''Ghiorso et al'''., ''Phys. Rev. Lett. 22'', 1317-1320 (1969). Retrieved on [[2008-03-04]]</ref> :<math>\,^{249}_{98}\mathrm{Cf}\ + \,^{12}_{6}\mathrm{C}\to \,^{257}_{104}\mathrm{Rf}\ + 4 \,^{1}_{0}\mathrm{n}</math> The American scientists proposed the name ''Rutherfordium'' for the new element. The American synthesis was independently confirmed in 1973 and secured the identification of element 104 as the parent by the observation of K X-rays in the elemental signature of the daughter <sup>253</sup>No. <ref name=73Be01>[http://prola.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v31/i10/p647_1 "X-Ray Identification of Element 104"], '''Bemis et al.''', ''Phys. Rev. Lett. 31'', 647-650 (1973). Retrieved on [[2008-03-04]]</ref> In 1992 the IUPAC/IUPAP Transfermium Working Group (TWG) assessed the claims of discovery and concluded that both teams provided contemporaneous evidence to the synthesis of element 104 and that credit should be shared between the two groups.<ref name=93TWG/> The American group wrote a scathing response to the findings of the TWG, stating that they had given too much emphasis on the results from the Dubna group. In particular they pointed out that the Russian group had altered the details of their claims several times over a period of 20 years, a fact which the Russian team do not deny. They also stressed that the TWG had given too much credence to the chemistry experiments performed by the Russians and accused the TWG of not having appropriately qualified personnel on the committee. The TWG responded by saying that this was not the case and having assessed each point raised by the American group said that they found no reason to alter their conclusion regarding priority of discovery. <ref>[http://www.iupac.org/publications/pac/1993/pdf/6508x1815.pdf "Responses on the Report DISCOVERY OF THE TRANSFERMIUM ELEMENTS"], ''Pure & Appl. Chem.'',Vol. 65, No. 8, pp. 1815-1824, 1993. Retrieved on [[2008-04-03]]</ref> It should be said that IUPAC finally used the name suggested by the American team (''rutherfordium'') which may in some way reflect a change of opinion.<ref name=97IUPAC>[http://www.iupac.org/publications/pac/1997/pdf/6912x2471.pdf "NAMES AND SYMBOLS OF TRANSFERMIUM ELEMENTS"], '''IUPAC''', ''Pure & Appl. Chem.'', Vol. 69, No. 12, pp. 2471-2473, 1997. Retrieved on [[2008-04-03]]</ref> As a consequence of the initial competing claims of discovery, an [[element naming controversy]] arose. Since the Soviets claimed to have first detected the new element they suggested the name ''kurchatovium'' ({{pronEng|ˌkɝtʃəˈtoʊviəm}}, Ku, in honor of [[Igor Vasilevich Kurchatov]] ([[1903]]-[[1960]]), former head of [[Soviet nuclear research]]. The Americans, however, proposed ''rutherfordium'' (Rf) for the new element to honor [[Ernest Rutherford, 1st Baron Rutherford of Nelson|Ernest Rutherford]], who is known as the "father" of [[nuclear physics]]. The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry ([[IUPAC]]) adopted ''unnilquadium'' ({{IPA|/ˌjuːn<s>ɪ</s>lˈkwɒdiəm/}}, Unq, as a temporary, [[systematic element name]], derived from the Latin names for digits 1, 0, and 4. In 1994, IUPAC suggested the name ''dubnium'' to be used since ''rutherfordium'' was suggested for element 106 and IUPAC felt that the Dubna team should be rightly recognised for their contributions. However, there was still a dispute over the names of elements 104-107. However in 1997 the teams involved resolved the dispute and adopted the current name ''rutherfordium''.<ref name=97IUPAC/> ==Electronic structure== [[Image:electron shell 104 Rutherfordium.svg|thumb|150px|left]] Rutherfordium is element 104 in the Periodic Table. The two forms of the projected electronic structure are: Bohr model: 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 10, 2 Quantum mechanical model: 1s<sup>2</sup>2s<sup>2</sup>2p<sup>6</sup>3s<sup>2</sup>3p<sup>6</sup>4s<sup>2</sup>3d<sup>10</sup> 4p<sup>6</sup>5s<sup>2</sup>4d<sup>10</sup>5p<sup>6</sup>6s<sup>2</sup>4f<sup>14</sup>5d<sup>10</sup> 6p<sup>6</sup>7s<sup>2</sup>5f<sup>14</sup>6d<sup>2</sup> ==Extrapolated chemical properties of eka-hafnium/dvi-zirconium== ===Oxidation states=== Element 104 is projected to be the first member of the 6d series of transition metals and the heaviest member of group IV in the Periodic Table, below [[titanium]],[[zirconium]] and [[hafnium]]. The IV oxidation state is the only stable state for the latter two elements and therefore rutherfordium should also portray a stable +4 state. ===Chemistry=== In an analogous manner to zirconium and hafnium, rutherfordium is projected to form a very stable, high melting point oxide, RfO<sub>2</sub>. It should also react with halogens to form tetrahalides, RfX<sub>4</sub>, which hydrolyse on contact with water to form oxyhalides RfOX<sub>2</sub>. The tetrahalides should be volatile solids existing as monomeric tetrahedral molecules in the vapour phase. In the aqueous phase, the Rf<sup>4+</sup> ion should hydrolyse less than titanium(IV) and to a similar extent to zirconium and hafnium, thus leading to the rutherfordyl oxyion, RfO<sub>2</sub><sup>2+</sup>. Treatment of the halides with halide ions promotes the formation of complex ions. The use of chloride and bromide ion should form the hexahalide complexes RfCl<sub>6</sub><sup>2-</sup> and RfBr<sub>6</sub><sup>2-</sup>. For the fluoride complexes, [[zirconium]] and [[hafnium]] tend to form hepta- and octa- complexes. Thus, for the larger rutherfordium ion, the complexes RfF<sub>6</sub><sup>2-</sup>, RfF<sub>7</sub><sup>3-</sup> and RfF<sub>8</sub><sup>4-</sup> are possible. ==Experimental chemistry== ===Gas phase chemistry=== Early work on the study of the chemistry of rutherfordium focused on gas thermochromatography and measurement of relative deposition temperature adsorption curves. The initial work was carried out at Dubna in an attempt to reaffirm their discovery of the element. Recent work is more reliable regarding the identification of the parent rutherfordium radioisotopes. The isotope <sup>261m</sup>Rf has been used for these studies. The experiments relied on the expectation that rutherfordium would begin the new 6d series of elements and should therefore from a volatile tetrachloride due to the tetrahedral nature of the molecule: [[Image:RfCl4.png|thumb|100px|left|The tetrahedral molecule RfCl<sub>4</sub>]] As series of experiments have confirmed that rutherfordium behaves as a typical member of group 4 forming a tetravalent chloride (RfCl<sub>4</sub>) and bromide (RfBr<sub>4</sub>) as well as an oxychloride (RfOCl<sub>2</sub>). <ref>http://lch.web.psi.ch/pdf/TexasA&M/TexasA&M.pdf (Gas Chem 2007 Review)</ref> ===Aqueous phase chemistry=== Rutherfordium is expected to have the electron configuration [Rn]5f<sup>14</sup> 6d<sup>2</sup> 7s<sup>2</sup> and therefore behave as the heavier homologue of [[hafnium]] in group 4 of the [[Periodic Table]]. It should therefore readily form a hydrated Rf<sup>4+</sup> ion in strong acid solution and should readily form complexes in hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic or hydrofluoric acid solutions. The most conclusive aqueous chemistry studies of rutherfordium have been performed by the Japanese tean at JAERI using the radioisotope <sup>261m</sup>Rf. Extraction experiments from hydrochloric acid solutions using isotopes of rutherfordium, hafnium, zirconium and thorium have proved a non-actinide behaviour. A comparison with its lighter homologues placed rutherfordium firmly in group 4 and indicated the formation of a hexachlororutherfordate complex in chloride solutions, in a manner similar to hafnium and zirconium. <ref>http://wwwsoc.nii.ac.jp/jnrs/paper/JN62/jn6202.pdf (Rf aqueous chem JAERI)</ref> :<math>\,^{261m}\mathrm{Rf} + 6\mathrm{Cl}^{-}\, \to\ [\,^{261m}\mathrm{RfCl}_{6}]^{2-}</math> Very similar results were observed in hydrofluoric acid solutions. Differences in the extraction curves were interpreted as a weaker affinity for fluoride ion and the formation of the hexafluororutherfordate ion, whereas hafnium and zirconium ions complex seven or eight fluoride ions at the concentrations used: :<math>\,^{261m}\mathrm{Rf} + 6\mathrm{F}^{-}\, \to\ [\,^{261m}\mathrm{RfF}_{6}]^{2-}</math> ===Summary of compounds and complex ions=== {| class="wikitable" |- ! Formula ! Names(s) |- | RfCl<sub>4</sub> | rutherfordium tetrachloride ; rutherfordium(IV) chloride |- | RfBr<sub>4</sub> | rutherfordium tetrabromide ; rutherfordium(IV) bromide |- | RfOCl<sub>2</sub> | rutherfordium oxychloride ; rutherfordium(IV) dichloride oxide ; rutherfordyl(IV) chloride |- | [RfCl<sub>6</sub>]<sup>2-</sup> | hexachlororutherfordate(VI) |- | [RfF<sub>6</sub>]<sup>2-</sup> | hexafluororutherfordate(VI) |- | K<sub>2</sub>[RfCl<sub>6</sub>] | potassium hexachlororutherfordate(VI) |} ==History of synthesis of isotopes by cold fusion== ===<sup>208</sup>Pb(<sup>50</sup>Ti,xn)<sup>258-x</sup>Rf (x=1,2,3)=== This reaction was first studied in 1974 by the team at Dubna. They measured a spontaneous fission activity assigned to <sup>256</sup>Rf. <ref>[http://www.springerlink.com/content/m87v320736564810/ "Experiments on the synthesis of neutron-deficient isotopes of kurchatovium in reactions with accelerated <sup>50</sup>Ti ions"], '''Oganesyan et al'''., ''Nucl. Phys. A.'', 1975, 36, 6. Retrieved on [[2008-02-29]]</ref> The reaction was further studied in 1985 by the GSI team who measured the decay properties of the isotopes <sup>257</sup>Rf and <sup>256</sup>Rf. The team were able to determine some initial spectroscopic properties of <sup>257</sup>Rf and found that the alpha decay pattern was very complicated. <ref>[http://www.springerlink.com/content/g721435j48022485/ "Study of evaporation residues produced in reactions of <sup>207</sup>,<sup>208</sup>Pb with <sup>50</sup>Ti"], '''Hessberger et al.''', ''Z. Physik'' ,1984, 316, 19-26. Retrieved on [[2008-02-29]]</ref> After an upgrade of their facilities, they repeated the reaction in 1994 with much higher sensitivity and detected some 1100 atoms of <sup>257</sup>Rf and 1900 atoms of <sup>256</sup>Rf along with <sup>255</sup>Rf in the measurement of the 1n,2n and 3n excitation functions. The large amount of decay data for <sup>257</sup>Rf allowed the detection of an isomeric level and the construction of a partial decay level structure which confirmed the very complicated alpha decay pattern. They also found evidence for an isomeric level in <sup>255</sup>Rf. <ref name=97He01>[http://www.springerlink.com/content/5hbgbgywe6q38ujf/ "Spontaneous fission and alpha-decay properties of neutron deficient isotopes <sup>257-253</sup>104 and <sup>258</sup>106"], '''Hessberger et al.''', ''Z. Phys. A'', 359, 4, 1997. Retrieved on [[2008-02-29]]</ref> The GSI team continued in 2001 with the measurement of the 3n excitation function. In 2002, scientists at the Argonne University in Illinois began their first studies of translawrencium elements with the synthesis and alpha-gamma spectroscopy of <sup>257</sup>Rf.<ref>[http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007APS..DNP.JG010Q "Alpha decay of <sup>257</sup>Rf"], '''Qian et al.''', ''American Physical Society, 2007 Annual Meeting of the Division of Nuclear Physics'', October 10-13, 2007. Retrieved on [[2008-02-28]]</ref> In 2004, the GSI began their spectroscopic studies of the <sup>257</sup>Rf isotope. ===<sup>207</sup>Pb(<sup>50</sup>Ti,xn)<sup>257-x</sup>Rf (x=2)=== This reaction was first studied in 1974 by the team at Dubna. They measured a spontaneous fission activity assigned to <sup>255</sup>Rf. The reaction was further studied in 1985 by the GSI team who measured the decay properties of the isotope <sup>255</sup>Rf. A further spectroscopic study was reported in 2000 which led to a first decay level scheme for the isotope.<ref>[http://www.edpsciences.org/articles/epja/abs/2001/09/epja1103/epja1103.html "Decay properties of neutron-deficient isotopes <sup>256,257</sup>Db, <sup>255</sup>Rf, <sup>252,253</sup>Lr"], '''Hessberger et al.''', ''Eur. Phys. J.'', A 12, 57-67 (2001). Retrieved on [[2008-02-29]]</ref> The isomeric level proposed in 1994 was not found. In 2006, the spectroscopy was continued and the decay scheme was confirmed and improved. <ref>[http://www.edpsciences.org/articles/epja/abs/2006/15/10050_2006_Article_100239/10050_2006_Article_100239.html "Alpha-gamma decay studies of <sup>255</sup>Rf, <sup>251</sup>No and <sup>247</sup>Fm"], '''Hessberger et al'''., ''Eur. Phys. J. A 30'', 561-569 (2006). Retrieved on [[2008-03-04]]</ref> ===<sup>206</sup>Pb(<sup>50</sup>Ti,xn)<sup>256-x</sup>Rf (x=1,2)=== The team at GSI first studied this reaction in 1994 in an effort to study neutron deficient isotopes of rutherfordium. They were able to detect <sup>255</sup>Rf and 144 atoms of the new isotope <sup>254</sup>Rf, which decayed by [[spontaneous fission]].<ref name=97He01/> ===<sup>204</sup>Pb(<sup>50</sup>Ti,xn)<sup>254-x</sup>Rf (x=1)=== The team at GSI first studied this reaction in 1994 in an effort to study neutron deficient isotopes of rutherfordium. They were able to detect 14 atoms of the new isotope <sup>253</sup>Rf, which decayed by [[spontaneous fission]].<ref name=97He01/> ===<sup>208</sup>Pb(<sup>48</sup>Ti,xn)<sup>256-x</sup>Rf (x=1)=== In 2006, as part of a program looking at the effect of isospin on the mechanism of cold fusion, the team at LBNL studied this reaction. They measured the 1n excitation function and determined that the change of a Ti-50 projectile to a Ti-48 one significantly reduced the yield, in agreement with predictions. <ref>[http://rnc.lbl.gov/nsd/annualreport2005/contributions/Dragojevic_LE.pdf "Measurement of <sup>208</sup>Pb(<sup>48</sup>Ti,n)<sup>255</sup>Rf excitation function"], '''Dragojevic et al.''', ''LBNL annual report 2005''. Retrieved on [[2008-02-29]]</ref> ===<sup>124</sup>Sn(<sup>136</sup>Xe,xn)<sup>260-x</sup>Rf=== In an important study, in May 2004, the team at GSI attempted the symmetric synthesis of rutherfordium by attempting to fuse two fission fragments. Theory suggests that there may be an enhancement of the yield. No product atoms were detected and a limit of 1000 pb was calculated. ==History of synthesis of isotopes by hot fusion== ===<sup>238</sup>U(<sup>26</sup>Mg,xn)<sup>264-x</sup>Rf (x=3,4,5,6)=== The hot fusion reaction using a uranium target was first reported in 2000 by Yuri Lazarev and the team at the Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions (FLNR). They were able to observe decays from <sup>260</sup>Rf and <sup>259</sup>Rf in the 4n and 5n channels. <ref>[http://prola.aps.org/abstract/PRC/v62/i6/e064307 "Decay properties of <sup>257</sup>No, <sup>261</sup>Rf, and <sup>262</sup>Rf"], '''Lazarev et al.''', [[''Phys. Rev. C'']] 62, 064307 (2000). Retrieved on [[2008-02-29]]</ref> They measured yields of 240 pb in the 4n channel and 1.1 nb in the 5n channel. In 2006, as part of their program on the study of uranium targets in hot fusion reactions, the team at LBNL measured the 4n,5n and 6n excitation functions for this reaction and observed <sup>261</sup>Rf in the 3n exit channel. <ref>[http://rnc.lbl.gov/nsd/annualreport2005/contributions/Gregorich_LE.pdf "Systematic Study of Heavy Element Production in Compound Nucleus Reactions with <sup>238</sup>U Targets"], '''Gregorich et al.''', ''LBNL Annual Report 2005''. Retrieved on [[2008-02-29]]</ref><ref>[http://prc.aps.org/accepted "Synthesis of rutherfordium isotopes in the <sup>238</sup>U(<sup>26</sup>Mg,xn)<sup>264-x</sup>Rf reaction and study of their decay properties"], '''Gates et al.''', ''Phys. Rev. C'', Accepted 29-01-2008. Retrieved on [[2008-02-29]]</ref> ===<sup>244</sup>Pu(<sup>22</sup>Ne,xn)<sup>266-x</sup>Rf (x=4,5)=== This reaction was reported in 1996 at LBNL in an attempt to study the fission characteristics of <sup>262</sup>Rf. The team were able to detect the SF of <sup>262</sup>Rf and determine its half-life as 2.1 s, in contrast to earlier reports of a 47 ms activity. It was suggested that the two half-lives may be related to different isomeric states. <ref name=96La01>[http://prola.aps.org/abstract/PRC/v53/i6/p2893_1 "Spontaneous fission properties of <sub>104</sub><sup>262</sup>Rf "], '''Lane et al'''., ''Phys. Rev. C 53'', 2893 - 2899 (1996). Retrieved on [[2008-04-03]]</ref> The reaction was further studied in 2000 by Yuri Lazarev and the team at Dubna. They were able to observe 69 alpha decays from <sup>261</sup>Rf and [[spontaneous fission]] of <sup>262</sup>Rf. <ref>[http://prola.aps.org/abstract/PRC/v62/i6/e064307 "Decay properties of <sup>257</sup>No, <sup>261</sup>Rf, and <sup>262</sup>Rf"], '''Lazarev et al.''', ''Phys. Rev. C 62'', 064307 (2000). Retrieved on [[2008-03-04]]</ref> Later work on [[hassium]] has allowed a reassignment of the 5n product to <sup>261m</sup>Rf. ===<sup>242</sup>Pu(<sup>22</sup>Ne,xn)<sup>264-x</sup>Rf (x=3,4?,5?)=== The synthesis of element 104 was first attempted in 1964 by the team at Dubna using this reaction. The first study produced evidence for a 0.3 s [[spontaneous fission]] (SF) activity tentatively assigned to <sup>260</sup>104 or <sup>259</sup>104 and an unidentified 8 s SF activity. The former activity was later retracted and the latter activity associated with the now-known <sup>259</sup>104.<ref name=93TWG/> In 1966, in their discovery experiment, the team repeated the reaction using a chemical study of volatile chloride products. The group was able to identify a volatile chloride decaying by short [[spontaneous fission]] with eka-hafnium properties. This gave strong evidence for the formation of [104]Cl<sub>4</sub> and the team suggested the name ''kurchatovium''. Although a half-life was not accurately measured, later evidence suggested that the product was most likely <sup>259</sup>104. <ref name=93TWG/> In 1968, the team searched for alpha decay from <sup>260</sup>104 but were unable to detect such activity. In 1970, the team repeated the reaction once again and confirmed the ~0.2 s SF activity. They also repeated the chemistry experiment and obtained identical results to their 1966 experiment and calculated a likely half-life of ~0.5 seconds for the SF activity. In 1971, the reaction was repeated again and 0.1 s and 4.5 s SF activities were found. The 4.5 s activity was correctly assigned to <sup>259</sup>104.<ref name=93TWG/> A chemistry experiment in the same year reaffirmed the formation of a 0.3 SF activity for an eka-hafnium product.<ref name=93TWG/> Later, the 0.1-0.3 s SF activity was retracted as belonging to a kurchatovium isotope but the observation of eka-hafnium reactivity remained and was the basis of their successful claim to discovery.<ref name=93TWG/> The reaction was further studied in 2000 by Yuri Lazarev at [[Dubna]]. They were able to observe <sup>261</sup>Rf in the 3n channel, later reassigned to <sup>261m</sup>Rf. ===<sup>242</sup>Pu(<sup>20</sup>Ne,xn)<sup>262-x</sup>Rf=== This reaction was first studied in 1964 to assist in the assignments using the analogous reaction with a Ne-22 beam. The Dubna team were unable to detect any 0.3 s [[spontaneous fission]] activities.<ref name=93TWG/> The reaction was later studied in 2003 at the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) in Bern, Switzerland. They detected some [[spontaneous fission]] activities but were unable to confirm the formation of <sup>259</sup>Rf.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://lch.web.psi.ch/pdf/anrep03/03.pdf |title=20Ne On 244Pu - First Preliminary Results}}</ref> ===<sup>248</sup>Cm(<sup>22</sup>Ne,αxn)<sup>266-x</sup>Rf (x=3?)=== This reaction was studied in 1999 at the University of Bern, Switzerland in order to search for the new isotope <sup>263</sup>Rf. A rutherfordium fraction was separated and several SF events with long lifetimes and alpha decays with energy 7.8 MeV and 7.9 MeV were observed. A second experiment using a study of the fluoride of rutherfordium products also produced 7.9 MeV alpha decays.<ref>[http://www.ulrich-rieth.de/publikationen/RCA0301_059.PDF "An EC-branch in the decay of 27-s <sup>263</sup>Db: Evidence for the new isotope <sup>263</sup>Rf"], '''Kratz et al.''', ''GSI Annual report 2001''. Retrieved on [[2008-02-29]]</ref> ===<sup>248</sup>Cm(<sup>18</sup>O,xn)<sup>266-x</sup>Rf (x=3?,5)=== This reaction was first studied in 1970 by Albert Ghiorso at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL). The team identified <sup>261</sup>Rf in the 5n channel using the method of correlation of genetic parent-daughter decays. A half-life of 65 s was determined. <ref name=70Gh01>[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TVN-473DDK8-15&_user=10&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=f50dd21999d4152c92b105d7e4656634 "<sup>261</sup>Rf; new isotope of element 104"], '''Ghiorso et al.''', ''Phys. Lett. 32B'', 1970, 2, Pages 95-98. Retrieved on [[2008-03-04]]</ref> A repeat later that year using cation exchange chromatography indicated that the product did not form a +2 or +3 cation and behaved as eka-hafnium. A study of the properties of rutherfordium isotopes was performed in 1981 at the LBNL. In a series of reactions, a 1.5 s SF activity was identified and assigned to a fermium descendant although later evidence indicates a possible assignment to <sup>262</sup>Rf. In contrast, in a subsequent review of isotope properties by Somerville et al. at LBNL in 1985, a 47 ms SF activity was assigned to <sup>262</sup>Rf. This assignment has not been verified. <ref>[http://prola.aps.org/abstract/PRC/v31/i5/p1801_1 "Spontaneous fission of rutherfordium isotopes"], '''Somerville et al.''', ''Phys. Rev. C 31'', 1801-1815 (1985). Retrieved on [[2008-03-04]]</ref> The reaction was further studied in 1991 by Czerwinski et al. at the LBNL. In this experiment, [[spontaneous fission]] activities with long lifetimes were observed in rutherfordium fractions and tentatively assigned to <sup>263</sup>Rf. In 1996, chemical studies on the chloride of rutherfordium was published by the LBNL. In this experiment, the half-life was improved to 78 s. A repeat of the experiment in 2000 assessing the volatility of the bromide further refined the half-life to 75 s. ===<sup>248</sup>Cm(<sup>16</sup>O,xn)<sup>264-x</sup>Rf (x=4)=== This reaction was studied in 1969 by Albert Ghiorso at the University of California. The aim was to detect the 0.1-0.3 s SF activity reported at Dubna, assigned to <sup>260</sup>104. They were unable to do so, only observing a 10-30 ms SF activity, correctly assigned to <sup>260</sup>104. The failure to observe the 0.3 s SF activity identified by Dubna gave the Americans the incentive to name this element ''rutherfordium''.<ref name=93TWG/> ===<sup>246</sup>Cm(<sup>18</sup>O,xn)<sup>264-x</sup>Rf=== In an attempt to unravel the properties of [[spontaneous fission]] activities in the formation of rutherfordium isotopes, this reaction was performed in 1976 by the FLNR. They observed an 80 ms SF activity. Subsequent work led to the complete retraction of the 0.3s - 0.1s - 80 ms SF activities observed by the Dubna team and associated with background signals.<ref name=93TWG/> ===<sup>249</sup>Bk(<sup>15</sup>N,xn)<sup>264-x</sup>Rf (x=4)=== This reaction was studied in 1977 by the team in Dubna. They were able to confirm the detection of a 76 ms SF activity. The assignment to rutherfordium isotopes was later retracted. The LBNL re-studied the reaction in 1980 and in 1981 they reported that they were unable to confirm the ~80 ms SF activity. The Dubna team were able to measure a 28 ms SF activity in 1985 and assigned the isotope correctly to <sup>260</sup>104.<ref name=93TWG/> ===<sup>249</sup>Cf(<sup>13</sup>C,xn)<sup>262-x</sup>Rf (x=4)=== This use of californium-249 as a target was first studied by Albert Ghiorso and the team at the University of California in 1969. They were able to observe a 11 ms SF activity which they correctly assigned to <sup>258</sup>104.<ref name=69Gh01/> ===<sup>249</sup>Cf(<sup>12</sup>C,xn)<sup>261-x</sup>Rf (x=3,4)=== In their 1969 discovery experiments, the team at University of California also used a C-12 beam to irradiate a Cf-249 target. They were able to confirm the 11 ms SF activity found with a C-13 beam and again correctly assigned to <sup>258</sup>104. The actual discovery experiment was the observation of alpha decays genetically linked to <sup>253</sup>102 and therefore positively identified as <sup>257</sup>104.<ref name=69Gh01/> In 1973, Bemis and his team at Oak Ridge confirmed the discovery by measuring coincident X-rays from the daughter <sup>253</sup>102.<ref name=73Be01/> --> == Sintesis isotop minangka produk turunan (''decay'') == <!-- Isotopes of rutherfordium have also been identified in the decay of heavier elements. Observations to date are summarised in the table below: --> {| class="wikitable" |- ! Sisa/residu Evaporasi ! Isotop Rf kang katon |- | <sup>288</sup>115 | <sup>268</sup>Rf (manawa EC saka <sup>268</sup>Db) |- | <sup>291</sup>116, <sup>287</sup>114, <sup>283</sup>112 | <sup>267</sup>Rf |- | <sup>282</sup>113 | <sup>266</sup>Rf (EC of <sup>266</sup>Db) |- | <sup>271</sup>Hs | <sup>263g</sup>Rf |- | <sup>263</sup>Db | <sup>263m</sup>Rf (EC of <sup>263</sup>Db) |- | <sup>266</sup>Sg (possibly <sup>266m</sup>Sg) | <sup>262</sup>Rf (possibly <sup>262m</sup>Rf) |- | <sup>277</sup>112, <sup>273</sup>Ds, <sup>269</sup>Hs, <sup>265</sup>Sg | <sup>261m</sup>Rf, <sup>261</sup>Rf |- | <sup>271</sup>Ds, <sup>267</sup>Hs, <sup>263</sup>Sg | <sup>259</sup>Rf |- | <sup>269</sup>Ds, <sup>265</sup>Hs, <sup>261</sup>Sg | <sup>257</sup>Rf |- | <sup>264</sup>Hs, <sup>260</sup>Sg | <sup>256</sup>Rf |- | <sup>259</sup>Sg | <sup>255</sup>Rf |} == Kronologi temon isotop == {| class="wikitable" |- ! Isotop ! Taun tinemu ! reaksi |- | <sup>253</sup>Rf | 1994 | <sup>204</sup>Pb(<sup>50</sup>Ti,n) <ref name=97He01/> |- | <sup>254</sup>Rf | 1994 | <sup>206</sup>Pb(<sup>50</sup>Ti,2n) <ref name=97He01/> |- | <sup>255</sup>Rf | 1974? 1985 | <sup>207</sup>Pb(<sup>50</sup>Ti,2n) |- | <sup>256</sup>Rf | 1974? 1985 | <sup>208</sup>Pb(<sup>50</sup>Ti,2n) |- | <sup>257</sup>Rf<sup>g,m</sup> | 1969 | <sup>249</sup>Cf(<sup>12</sup>C,4n) <ref name=69Gh01/> |- | <sup>258</sup>Rf | 1969 | <sup>249</sup>Cf(<sup>13</sup>C,4n) <ref name=69Gh01/> |- | <sup>259</sup>Rf | 1969 | <sup>249</sup>Cf(<sup>13</sup>C,3n) <ref name=69Gh01/> |- | <sup>260</sup>Rf | 1969 | <sup>248</sup>Cm(<sup>16</sup>O,4n) |- | <sup>261</sup>Rf<sup>m</sup> | 1970 | <sup>248</sup>Cm(<sup>18</sup>O,5n) <ref name=70Gh01/> |- | <sup>261</sup>Rf<sup>g</sup> | 1996 | <sup>208</sup>Pb(<sup>70</sup>Zn,n) <ref name=E112ref>see [[kopernisium]]</ref> |- | <sup>262</sup>Rf | 1996 | <sup>244</sup>Pu(<sup>22</sup>Ne,4n) <ref name=96La01/> |- | <sup>263</sup>Rf<sup>m</sup> | 1990? | <sup>248</sup>Cm(<sup>18</sup>O,3n) |- | <sup>263</sup>Rf<sup>g</sup> | 2004 | <sup>248</sup>Cm(<sup>26</sup>Mg,3n) <ref>see [[hassium]]</ref> |- | <sup>264</sup>Rf | unknown | |- | <sup>265</sup>Rf | unknown | |- | <sup>266</sup>Rf | 2006? | <sup>237</sup>Np(<sup>48</sup>Ca,3n) <ref name=E113ref>see [[ununtrium]]</ref> |- | <sup>267</sup>Rf | 2003/2004 | <sup>238</sup>U(<sup>48</sup>Ca,3n) <ref name=E112ref/> |- | <sup>268</sup>Rf | 2003? | <sup>243</sup>Am(<sup>48</sup>Ca,3n) <ref name=E115ref>see [[ununpentium]]</ref> |} <!-- ==Isomerism in rutherfordium nuclides== ===<sup>263</sup>Rf=== Initial work on the synthesis of rutherfordium isotopes by hot fusion pathways focused on the synthesis of <sup>263</sup>Rf. Several studies have indicated that this nuclide decays primarily by [[spontaneous fission]] with a long [[half-life]] of 10-20 minutes. Alpha particles with energy 7.8-7.9 MeV have also been associated with this nucleus. More recently, a study of [[hassium]] [[isotope]]s allowed the synthesis of an atom of <sup>263</sup>Rf decaying by [[spontaneous fission]] with a short [[half-life]] of 8 seconds. These two different decay modes must be associated with two isomeric states. Specific assignments are difficult due to the low number of observed events. It is reasonable to tentatively assign the long-liver to a meta-stable state, namely <sup>263m</sup>Rf, and the shorter-liver to the ground state, namely <sup>263g</sup>Rf. Further studies are required to allow a definite assignment. ===<sup>261</sup>Rf=== Early research on the synthesis of rutherfordium isotopes utilised the <sup>244</sup>Pu(<sup>22</sup>Ne,5n)<sup>261</sup>Rf reaction. The product was found to undergo exclusive 8.28 MeV [[alpha decay]] with a [[half-life]] of 78 seconds. Later studies by the [[GSI]] team on the synthesis of [[ununbium|element 112]] and [[hassium]] isotopes produced conflicting data. In this case, <sup>261</sup>Rf was found to undergo 8.52 MeV alpha decay with a short half-life of 4 seconds. Later results indicated a predominant fission branch. These contradictions led to some doubt on the discovery of [[ununbium|element 112]]. However, it is now understood that the first nucleus belongs to an isomeric meta-stable state, namely <sup>261m</sup>Rf and the latter to the ground state isomer, namely <sup>261g</sup>Rf. <ref>[http://lch.web.psi.ch/pdf/anrep01/B-02heavies.pdf "EVIDENCE FOR ISOMERIC STATES IN <sup>261</sup>Rf"], '''Dressler et al.''', ''PSI Annual Report 2001''. Retrieved on [[2008-01-29]]</ref> The discovery and confirmation of <sup>261g</sup>Rf provided proof for the discovery of [[ununbium]] in 1996. ===<sup>257</sup>Rf=== A detailed spectroscopic study of the production of <sup>257</sup>Rf nuclei using the reaction <sup>208</sup>Pb(<sup>50</sup>Ti,n)<sup>257</sup>Rf allowed the identification of an isomeric level in <sup>257</sup>Rf. The work confirmed that <sup>257g</sup>Rf has a very complicated spectrum with as many as 15 alpha lines. A level structure diagram was calculated for both isomers. ==Spectroscopic decay level schemes for rutherfordium isotopes== ===<sup>257</sup>Rf=== [[Image:257Rf decay scheme 2006.png|thumb|325px|none|This is the currently suggested decay level scheme for <sup>257</sup>Rf<sup>g,m</sup> from the study performed in 2004 by Hessberger et al. at GSI]]<ref name=97He01/> ===<sup>255</sup>Rf=== [[Image:255Rf decay scheme 2006.png|thumb|325px|none|This is the currently suggested decay level scheme for <sup>255</sup>Rf from the study reported in 2007 by Hessberger et al. at GSI]] ==Unconfirmed isotopes== ===<sup>268</sup>Rf=== In the synthesis of [[ununpentium]], the isotope <sup>288</sup>115 has been observed to decay to <sup>268</sup>Db which undergoes [[spontaneous fission]] with a half life of 29 hours. Given that the [[electron capture]] of <sup>268</sup>Db cannot be detected, these SF events may in fact be due to the SF of <sup>268</sup>Rf, in which case the half-life of this isotope cannot be extracted. <ref name=E115ref/> ===<sup>266</sup>Rf=== In the synthesis of [[ununtrium]], the isotope <sup>282</sup>113 has been observed to decay to <sup>266</sup>Db which undergoes [[spontaneous fission]] with a half life of 22 minutes. Given that the [[electron capture]] of <sup>266</sup>Db cannot be detected, these SF events may in fact be due to the SF of <sup>266</sup>Rf, in which case the half-life of this isotope cannot be extracted. <ref name=E113ref/> ==Retracted isotopes== ===<sup>265</sup>Rf=== In 1999, American scientists at the University of California, Berkeley, announced that they has succeeded in synthesizing three atoms of <sup>293</sup>118. These parent nuclei successively emitted seven alpha particles to form <sup>265</sup>Rf nuclei. Their claim was retracted in 2001. As such, this rutherfordium isotope is unconfirmed or unknown.<ref>see [[ununoctium]]</ref> ===<sup>255m</sup>Rf=== A detailed spectroscopic study of the production of <sup>255</sup>Rf nuclei using the reaction <sup>206</sup>Pb(<sup>50</sup>Ti,n)<sup>255</sup>Rf allowed the tentative identification of an isomeric level in <sup>255</sup>Rf. A more detailed study later confirmed that this was not the case. --> == Kasil kimia saka isotop == === Fusi adhem === <!-- The table below provides cross-sections and excitation energies for cold fusion reactions producing rutherfordium isotopes directly. Data in bold represents maxima derived from excitation function measurements. + represents an observed exit channel. --> {| class="wikitable" |- ! Proyektil ! Target ! CN ! 1n ! 2n ! 3n |- | <sup>50</sup>Ti | <sup>208</sup>Pb | <sup>258</sup>Rf | '''38.0 nb, 17.0 MeV''' | '''12.3 nb, 21.5 MeV''' | '''660 pb, 29.0 MeV''' |- | <sup>50</sup>Ti | <sup>207</sup>Pb | <sup>257</sup>Rf | 4.8 nb | | |- | <sup>50</sup>Ti | <sup>206</sup>Pb | <sup>256</sup>Rf | 800 pb, 21.5 MeV | 2.4 nb, 21.5 MeV | |- | <sup>50</sup>Ti | <sup>204</sup>Pb | <sup>254</sup>Rf | 190 pb, 15.6 MeV | | |- | <sup>48</sup>Ti | <sup>208</sup>Pb | <sup>256</sup>Rf | '''380 pb, 17.0 MeV''' | | |} === Fusi panas === <!-- The table below provides cross-sections and excitation energies for hot fusion reactions producing rutherfordium isotopes directly. Data in bold represents maxima derived from excitation function measurements. + represents an observed exit channel. --> {| class="wikitable" |- ! Proyektil ! Target ! CN ! 3n ! 4n ! 5n |- | <sup>26</sup>Mg | <sup>238</sup>U | <sup>264</sup>Rf | | 240 pb | 1.1 nb |- | <sup>22</sup>Ne | <sup>244</sup>Pu | <sup>266</sup>Rf | | + | 4.0 nb |- | <sup>18</sup>O | <sup>248</sup>Cm | <sup>266</sup>Rf | | + | 13.0 nb |} <!-- ==Future experiments== The team at GSI are planning to perform first detailed spectroscopic studies on the isotope <sup>259</sup>Rf. It will be produced in the new reaction: :<math>\,^{238}_{92}\mathrm{U}\ + \,^{24}_{12}\mathrm{Mg}\to \,^{259}_{104}\mathrm{Rf}\ + 3 \,^{1}_{0}\mathrm{n}</math> == Rujukan == {{reflist|2}} --> == Rujukan == {{reflist}} == Pranala njaba == * [http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/Rf/index.html WebElements.com - Rutherfordium] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080516062444/http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/Rf/index.html |date=2008-05-16 }} {{clear}} {{Tabel périodik unsur kimia}} [[Kategori:Unsur kimia]] [[Kategori:Logam transisi]] [[Kategori:Èlemèn sintètis]] {{kimia-stub}} e0qe2y0ngraunnq90bonmhdzsw88g7l Pérak 0 26149 1751927 1719793 2026-07-29T22:13:03Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1751927 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Elementbox_header | number=47 | symbol=Ag | name=pérak | left=[[paladium]] | right=[[kadmium]] | above=[[tembaga|Cu]] | below=[[emas|Au]] | color1=#ffc0c0 | color2=black }} {{Elementbox_series | [[logam transisi]] }} {{Elementbox_groupperiodblock | group=11 | period=5 | block=d }} {{Elementbox_appearance_img | Ag,47| logam putih meling-meling }} {{Elementbox_atomicmass_gpm | [[1 E-25 kg|107,8682(2)]] }} {{Elementbox_econfig | &#91;[[kripton|Kr]]&#93; 4d<sup>10</sup> 5s<sup>1</sup> }} {{Elementbox_epershell | 2, 8, 18, 18, 1 }} {{Elementbox_section_physicalprop | color1=#ffc0c0 | color2=black }} {{Elementbox_phase | [[padhet]] }} {{Elementbox_density_gpcm3nrt | 10,49 }} {{Elementbox_densityliq_gpcm3mp | 9,320 }} {{Elementbox_meltingpoint | k=1234,93 | c=961,78 | f=1763,2 }} {{Elementbox_boilingpoint | k=2435 | c=2162 | f=3924 }} {{Elementbox_heatfusion_kjpmol | 11,28 }} {{Elementbox_heatvaporiz_kjpmol | 258 }} {{Elementbox_heatcapacity_jpmolkat25 | 25,350 }} {{Elementbox_vaporpressure_katpa | 1283 | 1413 | 1575 | 1782 | 2055 | 2433 | comment= }} {{Elementbox_section_atomicprop | color1=#ffc0c0 | color2=black }} {{Elementbox_crystalstruct | kubus pusat muka }} {{Elementbox_oxistates | 1<br />(oksida [[amfoter]]) }} {{Elementbox_electroneg_pauling | 1,93 }} {{Elementbox_ionizationenergies3 | 731,0 | 2070 | 3361 }} {{Elementbox_atomicradius_pm | [[1 E-10 m|160]] }} {{Elementbox_atomicradiuscalc_pm | [[1 E-10 m|165]] }} {{Elementbox_covalentradius_pm | [[1 E-10 m|153]] }} {{Elementbox_vanderwaalsrad_pm | [[1 E-10 m|172]] }} {{Elementbox_section_miscellaneous | color1=#ffc0c0 | color2=black }} {{Elementbox_magnetic | [[diamagnetisme|diamagnetik]] }} {{Elementbox_eresist_ohmmat20 | 15,87 n}} {{Elementbox_thermalcond_wpmkat300k | 429 }} {{Elementbox_thermaldiff_wpmkat300k | 174 }} {{Elementbox_thermalexpansion_umpmkat25 | 18,9 }} {{Elementbox_speedofsound_rodmpsatrt | 2680 }} {{Elementbox_youngsmodulus_gpa | 83 }} {{Elementbox_shearmodulus_gpa | 30 }} {{Elementbox_bulkmodulus_gpa | 100 }} {{Elementbox_poissonratio | 0,37 }} {{Elementbox_mohshardness | 2,5 }} {{Elementbox_vickershardness_mpa | 251 }} {{Elementbox_brinellhardness_mpa | 24,5 }} {{Elementbox_isotopes_begin | isotopesof=silver | color1=#ffc0c0 | color2=black }} {{Elementbox_isotopes_decay2 | mn=105 | sym=Ag | na=[[synthetic radioisotope|syn]] | hl=[[1 E6 s|41,2 dina]] | dm1=[[electron capture|ε]] | de1=- | pn1=105 | ps1=[[paladium|Pd]] | dm2=[[gamma ray|γ]] | de2=0,344; 0,280;<br /> 0,644; 0,443 | pn2= | ps2=- }} {{Elementbox_isotopes_decay2 | mn=106[[nuclear isomer|m]] | sym=Ag | na=[[synthetic radioisotope|syn]] | hl=[[1 E5 s|8,28 dina]] | dm1=[[electron capture|ε]] | de1=- | pn1=106 | ps1=[[paladium|Pd]] | dm2=[[gamma ray|γ]] | de2=0,511; 0,717;<br /> 1,045; 0,450 | pn2= | ps2=- }} {{Elementbox_isotopes_stable | mn=107 | sym=Ag | na=51,839% | n=60 }} {{Elementbox_isotopes_decay3 | mn=108[[nuclear isomer|m]] | sym=Ag | na=[[synthetic radioisotope|syn]] | hl=[[1 E10 s|418 taun]] | dm1=[[electron capture|ε]] | de1=- | pn1=108 | ps1=[[paladium|Pd]] | dm2=[[isomeric transition|IT]] | de2=0,109 | pn2=108 | ps2=Ag | dm3=[[gamma ray|γ]] | de3=0,433; 0,614;<br /> 0,722 | pn3= | ps3=-}} {{Elementbox_isotopes_stable | mn=109 | sym=Ag | na=48,161% | n=62 }} {{Elementbox_isotopes_decay2 | mn=111 | sym=Ag | na=[[synthetic radioisotope|syn]] | hl=[[1 E5 s|7,45 dina]] | dm1=[[beta decay|β<sup>-</sup>]] | de1=1,036; 0,694 | pn1=111 | ps1=[[kadmium|Cd]] | dm2=[[gamma ray|γ]] | de2=0,342 | pn2= | ps2=- }} {{Elementbox_isotopes_end}} {{Elementbox_footer | color1=#ffc0c0 | color2=black }} {{unsur|Pérak|Ag|47}} asalé lambangé saka [[basa Latin]] ''Argentum''. Pérak iku [[logam transisi]] empuk, putih, gilap. Pérak duwé konduktivitas listrik lan panas paling dhuwur ing antarané kabèh logam, [[mineral]] lan ing wangun bébas. Logam iki bisa dipigunakaké kanggo [[koin]], [[perhiasan]], [[paralatan meja]], lan [[fotografi]]. == Réferènsi == * [http://periodic.lanl.gov/elements/47.html Los Alamos National Laboratory – Silver] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070702004412/http://periodic.lanl.gov/elements/47.html |date=2007-07-02 }} == Pranala njaba == * [http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/Ag/index.html WebElements.com – Silver] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041208022006/http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/Ag/index.html |date=2004-12-08 }} * [http://environmentalchemistry.com/yogi/periodic/Ag.html EnvironmentalChemistry.com – Silver]{{Pranala mati|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{clr}} {{Tabel périodik unsur kimia}} [[Kategori:Unsur kimia]] [[Kategori:Logam transisi]] [[Kategori:Valuta]] {{kimia-stub}} 7c0z1v7qcq44vn3ivj6occ9i6pwhy83 Pratélaning sesanti nagara pérangan Amérika Sarékat 0 41415 1751921 1648223 2026-07-29T18:19:49Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1751921 wikitext text/x-wiki Iki '''Pratélan [[:wikt:sesanti|motto]]s''' saka [[Tabel Praja AS|praja]] [[Amérika Sarékat]]. {| class="wikitable" |- bgcolor="#CCCCCC" ! Tabel Praja AS|praja]] !! Sesanti !! Terjemahan (yèn ana) |- | [[Alabama]] || ''[[Audemus jura nostra defendere]]'' || ([[Latin]], "We dare to defend our rights") |- | [[Alaska]] || ''[[Alaska#Sesanti|North to the future]]'' || |- | [[Arizona]] || ''[[Ditat Deus]]'' || ([[Latin]], "God enriches") |- | [[Arkansas]] || ''[[Regnat populus]]'' || ([[Latin]], "The people rule") |- | [[California]] || ''[[Eureka (word)|Eureka]]'' || ([[Greek language|Greek]], "I have found it") |- | [[Colorado]] || ''[[Nil sine numine]]'' || ([[Latin]], "Nothing without Providence" or [["Nothing without the Deity"]]) |- | [[Connecticut]] || ''[[Qui transtulit sustinet]]'' || ([[Latin]], "He who transplanted sustains") |- | [[Delaware]] || ''[[Liberty and independence]]'' || |- | [[Florida]] || ''[[In God We Trust|In God we trust]]'' || |- | [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]] || ''Wisdom, justice, and moderation'' || |- | [[Hawaii]] || ''Ua Mau ke Ea o ka Aina i ka Pono'' || ([[Hawaiian language|Hawaiian]], "The life of the land is perpetuated in righteousness") |- | [[Idaho]] || ''[[Esto perpetua]]'' || ([[Latin]], "Let it be perpetual") |- | [[Illinois]] || ''State sovereignty, national union'' || |- | [[Indiana]] || ''The crossroads of America'' || |- | [[Iowa]] || ''Our liberties we prize and our rights we will maintain'' || |- | [[Kansas]] || ''[[Ad astra (phrase)|Ad astra]] per aspera'' || ([[Latin]], "To the stars through adversity") |- | [[Kentucky]] || English: [[United we stand, divided we fall]]<br />Latin: ''Deo gratiam habeamus'' || <br />([[Latin]], "Let us give thanks to God"; adopted in [[2002]]'') |- | [[Louisiana]] || ''Union, justice, and confidence'' || |- | [[Maine]] || ''[[Dirigo]]'' || ([[Latin]], "I direct") |- | [[Maryland]] || ''[[Fatti maschi, parole femmine]]'' || ([[Italian language|Italian]], "Manly deeds, womanly words") |- | [[Massachusetts]] || ''[[Ense petit placidam sub libertate quietem]]'' || ([[Latin]], "By the sword we seek peace, but peace only under liberty") |- | [[Michigan]] || ''[[Si quaeris peninsulam amoenam circumspice]]'' / ''Tuebor''|| ([[Latin]], "If you seek a pleasant peninsula, look about you") / ([[Latin]], "I will be defended") |- | [[Minnesota]] || ''[[North Star|L'étoile du Nord]]'' (Official state sesanti) / ''Quae sursum volo videre'' (Territorial sesanti never repealed)|| ([[French language|French]], "The star of the North") / ([[Latin]], "I long to see what is beyond") |- | [[Mississippi]] || ''[[Virtute et armis]]'' || ([[Latin]], "By valor and arms") |- | [[Missouri]] || ''[[Salus populi suprema lex esto]]'' || ([[Latin]], "The Welfare of the People is the Highest Law") |- | [[Montana]] || ''Oro y plata'' || ([[Spanish language|Spanish]], "Gold and silver") |- | [[Nebraska]] || ''Equality before the law'' || |- | [[Nevada]] || ''All for our country'' || |- | [[New Hampshire]] || ''[[Live Free or Die|Live free or die]]'' || |- | [[New Jersey]] || ''Liberty and prosperity'' || |- | [[New Mexico]] || ''[[Crescit eundo]]'' || ([[Latin]], "It grows as it goes") |- | [[New York]] || ''[[:Wiktionary:excelsior|Excelsior!]]'' || ([[Latin]], "Ever Upward!") |- | [[North Carolina]] || ''[[Esse quam videri]]'' || ([[Latin]], "To be rather than to seem") |- | [[North Dakota]] || ''[[Liberty and union, now and forever, one and inseparable]]'' / ''Strength from the soil'' || [[Daniel Webster]] quote used on the [[Great Seal of North Dakota|Great Seal]] / sesanti used on the [[Coat of arms of North Dakota|Coat of Arms]] |- | [[Ohio]] || ''[[With God, all things are possible]]'' || |- | [[Oklahoma]] || ''[[Labor omnia vincit]]'' || ([[Latin]], "Labour conquers all things") |- | [[Oregon]] || ''[[The Union]]'', and ''[[Alis volat propriis]]'' || ([[Latin]], "She flies with her own wings") |- | [[Pennsylvania]] || ''[[Virtue, liberty, and independence]]'' || |- | [[Rhode Island]] || ''Hope'' || |- | [[South Carolina]] || ''Dum spiro spero'' || ([[Latin]], "While I breathe, I hope") |- | [[South Dakota]] || ''Under God the people rule'' || |- | [[Tennessee]] || ''Agriculture and commerce'' || |- | [[Texas]] || ''[[Friendship]]'' || |- | [[Utah]] || ''Industry'' || |- | [[Vermont]] || ''[[Freedom and Unity]]'' || |- | [[Virginia]] || ''[[Sic semper tyrannis]]'' || ([[Latin]], "Thus always to tyrants") |- | [[Washington]] || ''Al-ki'' || ([[Chinook Jargon]], "By and by") |- | [[West Virginia]] || ''[[Montani semper liberi]]'' || ([[Latin]], "Mountaineers are always free") |- | [[Wisconsin]] || ''Forward'' || |- | [[Wyoming]] || ''[[Equal Rights (sesanti)|Equal rights]]'' || |} == District of Columbia lan teritori liyané == {| class="wikitable" |- bgcolor="#CCCCCC" ! Yurisdiksi !! Sesanti !! Terjemahan (yèn ana) |- | [[American Samoa]] || ''Samoa, Muamua Le Atua '' || ([[Samoan]], "Samoa, Let God be First") |- | [[District of Columbia]] || ''Justitia Omnibus'' || ([[Latin]], "Justice for all") |- | [[Puerto Rico]] || ''Joannes Est Nomen Eius'' || ([[Latin]], "John is his name") In honor of San Juan, i.e. [[John the Baptist]] |- | [[Guam]] || ''Where America's Day Begins'' || |- | [[U.S. Virgin Islands|Virgin Islands]] || ''United in Pride and Hope'' || |- |} == Pranala njaba == * http://www.cco.net/~paz/motto&songs.htm {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080807124642/http://www.cco.net/~paz/motto%26songs.htm |date=2008-08-07 }} * [http://www.netstate.com/states/mottoes/ky_motto_latin.htm Kentucky's newer motto] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080210074001/http://www.netstate.com/states/mottoes/ky_motto_latin.htm |date=2008-02-10 }} [[Kategori:Pratélan mawa topik Amérika Sarékat‎|Pratélan Amérika Sarékat]] f7xynzo6sdp891hvihar0e8zv8jpedr Program Pangan Donya 0 46994 1751922 1747970 2026-07-29T19:36:26Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1751922 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Program Pangan Dunia''' utawa '''WFP''' (''World Food Programme'') diadegaké déning [[FAO]] ing taun [[1960]]. Markasé dumunung ing kutha [[New York]], WFP mènèhi bantuan kamanungsaan lan perkembangan program pangan ing [[nagara tumuwuh|nagara-nagara tumuwuh]]. WFP minangka agènsi sing dibéayani kanthi sukarila, amarga saka iku agènsi iki gumantung marang sumbangan saka pamaréntah lan pribadi. Program-programé munjeraké marang pengembangan pelayanan masarakat kanggo promosi program pangan. == Uga delengen == * [[Kaamanan pangan]] == Pranala njaba == * [http://www.wfp.org/ Program Pangan Dunia] (situs resmi) * [http://www.friendsofwfp.org Friends of the World Food Program] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080827171116/http://www.friendsofwfp.org/ |date=2008-08-27 }} United States agency helping raise funds and awareness about global hunger * [http://www.auburn.edu/hunger/ Auburn University War on Hunger campaign] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081007155149/http://www.auburn.edu/hunger/ |date=2008-10-07 }} - Student-led effort to raise awareness about global hunger * [http://www.fromhungertohope.com/ From Hunger to Hope] - World Hunger Relief Week is a global campaign to raise funds and awareness to support WFP hunger relief programs * [http://www.friendsofwfp.org/atf/cf/{90E7E160-957C-41E4-9FAB-87E2B662894B}/07.03.06-Cincinnati%20Enquirer-Escalate%20War%20on%20Hunger.htm We Need to Escalate the War on Hunger] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081005024619/http://www.friendsofwfp.org/atf/cf/%7B90E7E160-957C-41E4-9FAB-87E2B662894B%7D/07.03.06-Cincinnati%20Enquirer-Escalate%20War%20on%20Hunger.htm |date=2008-10-05 }} (Cincinnati Enquirer, July 3rd, 2006) * [http://www.friendsofwfp.org/atf/cf/%7B90E7E160-957C-41E4-9FAB-87E2B662894B%7D/09.14.06-Salt%20Lake%20Tribune-Democracy%27s%20Vital%20Ingredient.htm Democracy's Vital Ingredient-Food] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081005024625/http://www.friendsofwfp.org/atf/cf/%7B90E7E160-957C-41E4-9FAB-87E2B662894B%7D/09.14.06-Salt%20Lake%20Tribune-Democracy%27s%20Vital%20Ingredient.htm |date=2008-10-05 }} September 13, 2006 Salt Lake Tribune online edition. (posted on Friends of WFP site) * [http://foodquality.wfp.org/ Food Quality Control] (WFP's Food Specifications, Processing and Loss Mitigation) * [http://www.friendsofwfp.org/atf/cf/{90E7E160-957C-41E4-9FAB-87E2B662894B}/12.01.06-Congress%20Must%20Help%20Feed%20the%20World's%20Children-Cincinnati%20Enquirer.htm Congress Must Help Feed the World's Children] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081005024630/http://www.friendsofwfp.org/atf/cf/%7B90E7E160-957C-41E4-9FAB-87E2B662894B%7D/12.01.06-Congress%20Must%20Help%20Feed%20the%20World%27s%20Children-Cincinnati%20Enquirer.htm |date=2008-10-05 }} Article about McGovern-Dole School Feeding Program, Cincinnati Enquirer December 1 ,2006 * [http://www.reliefweb.int/library/documents/2005/wb-eth-28feb.pdf Fighting Hunger and poverty in Ethiopia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090918115355/http://www.reliefweb.int/library/documents/2005/wb-eth-28feb.pdf |date=2009-09-18 }} ([[Peter Middlebrook]]) * [http://www.lamberspublications.com/schoolfeeding.html School Feeding Programs That Fight Child Hunger] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090515234248/http://www.lamberspublications.com/schoolfeeding.html |date=2009-05-15 }} Interviews with World Food Programme officials about the status of school feeding programs in developing countries * [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P2Q8-Fnhfss Ending Child Hunger: School Lunches for Kids Around the World] short filem with historical perspective and UN World Food Programme footage of their school feeding initiatives * [http://www.foodsec.org/dl e-learning about Food Security from FAO] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091126045438/http://www.foodsec.org/dl/ |date=2009-11-26 }} {{PBB}} [[Kategori:Organisasi internasional]] [[Kategori:Badan mligi PBB]] 6eflz46ol9td3911oi93pfvdnuugeil Neymar 0 88885 1751916 1750690 2026-07-29T16:37:18Z ~2026-42005-93 73834 1751916 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography |playername = Neymar |fullname = Neymar da Silva Santos Júnior |image = |caption = |dateofbirth = {{Birth date and age|1992|02|5|df=y}} |cityofbirth = [[Mogi das Cruzes]], [[São Paulo (praja)|São Paulo]] |countryofbirth = [[Brasil]] |height = {{height|m=1.74}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.santosfc.com.br/futebol/elenco/jogador.asp?i=2|title=Player Profile: Neymar|publisher=santosfc.com.br|access-date=2012-07-09|archive-date=2012-12-04|archive-url=https://archive.is/20121204183020/http://www.santosfc.com.br/futebol/elenco/jogador.asp?i=2|url-status=dead}}</ref> |position = [[Penyerang]] |currentclub = [[Santos FC|Santos]] | clubnumber = 10 |youthyears1 = 2003–2009|youthclubs1 = [[Santos FC|Santos]] |years1 = 2009–2013|clubs1 = [[Santos FC|Santos]]|caps1 = 177|goals1 = 107 |years2 = 2013–2017|clubs2 = [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]]|caps2 =123 |goals2 =68 |years3 = 2017-2023|clubs3 = [[Paris Saint-Germain FC|PSG]]|caps3 =112 |goals3 =82 | years4 = 2023–2025 | clubs4 = [[Al Hilal SFC|Al-Hilal]] | caps4 = 3 | goals4 = 0 | years5 = 2025– | clubs5 = [[Santos FC|Santos]] | caps5 = 7<!--LEAGUE AND STATE LEAGUE APPS, PER [[WP:FOOTYBRAPPS]]--> | goals5 = 3<!--LEAGUE AND STATE LEAGUE GOALS, PER [[WP:FOOTYBRAPPS]]--> | nationalyears1 = 2009 |nationalyears1 = 2009|nationalyears2 = 2011|nationalyears3 = 2010–2026 |nationalteam1 = {{timnas|U-17 Brasil|Brasil U-17}}|nationalteam2 = {{timnas|U-20 Brasil|Brasil U-20}} |nationalteam3 = {{timnas|Brasil}} |nationalcaps1 = 3|nationalcaps2 = 7|nationalcaps3 = 128 |nationalgoals1 = 1|nationalgoals2 = 9|nationalgoals3 = 79 |pcupdate = 6 February 2025|ntupdate = 18 October 2023 |years4=2023-|clubs4=[[Al-Hilal SC|Al-Hilal]]|caps4=3|goals4=0}} '''Neymar da Silva Santos Júnior''' utawi asring dipunsebat '''Neymar''' ({{lahirmati|[[Mogi das Cruzes]], [[São Paulo (nagari perangan)|São Paulo]], [[Brasil]]|5|2|1992}}) inggih punika juru main [[bal-balan]] saking [[Brasil]] ingkang sapunika mapan wonten [[Santos FC]]<ref name="internet1">[http://soccernet.espn.go.com/match?id=336661&cc=4716]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}} Futebol Brasileiro (dipununduh tanggal 9 juli 2012)</ref>. Panjenenganipun bal-balan kanggé {{timnas|Brasil}} ing taun [[2010]], lan mbela timnas Brasil U-23 wonten ing Olimpiade London 2012. Wekadal yuswa 19 taun, Neymar kapilih dados juwara 1 juru main bal ingkang saé piyambak ing warsa 2011, ing warsa 2010 Neymar dados juwara 3.<ref>[http://www.goal.com/en/news/584/brazil/2011/12/31/2825160/santos-neymar-named-south-american-player-of-the-year www.goal.com]</ref> Lajeng ing warsa 2012, Neymar pikantuk juwara 1 malih. Ing warsa 2011 Neymar mlebet nominasi FIFA Ballon d'Or, lan menang FIFA Puskás.<ref>[http://www.fifa.com/ballondor/puskasaward/index.html Puskas Award]</ref> Neymar ndhèrèk tim Santos wiwit taun 2003 ing tim ''junior''. Lajeng mlebet ing tim senior ing taun 2009. Ing warsa punika Neymar kapilih dados Pemain Nom kang paling apik ing taun 2009 ''Campeonato Paulista''. Lajeng Neymar dados juru main ingkang saé piyambak ing Santos lan pikantuk ''Campeonato Paulista'' 2010. Sanes punika Neymar ugi dados juru main ingkang ngasilaken gol ingkang kathah piyambak ing Copa do Brasil 2010 kanthi 11 gol. Ing warsa 2010 Neymar saged damel 42 gol ing 60 tetandhingan. Lajeng ing warsa 2011 Neymar kapilih ugi dados juru main ingkang saé piyambak. Ing warsa punika ugi Santos saged menang Copa Libertadores 2011 ing wekdal punika Neymar damel 6 gol lan main kaping 13. Ing warsa 2011 ugi Neymar pikantuk bal perunggu ing 2011 FIFA Club World Cup, nalika Santos kalah saking Barcelona, == Wiwitanipun ing bal-balan == Neymar da Silva Santos, Júnior miyos ing Mogi das Cruzes, [[São Paulo]], putra saking Neymar da Silva Sr kaliyan Nadine Santos. Piyambakipun dados pewaris nama saking ingkang rama. Ramanipun Neymar ugi mantan juru main bal-balan.<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.theage.com.au/sport/soccer/soccer-prodigy-neymar-is-at-home-in-brazil-20120710-21t7j.html | title = Soccer prodigy Neymar is at home in Brazil |work=The Age | accessdate = 10 July 2012 }}</ref> Neymar wiwitanipun saking [[futsal]] lan bal-balan ing margi.<ref name="Back Page">{{cite web | url = http://backpagefootball.com/transfers/neymar-da-silva-santos-junior-the-world%E2%80%99s-hottest-property-2/ | title = Neymar da Silva Santos Júnior – The World’s Hottest Property? | publisher = Back Page Football | access-date = 2013-06-10 | archive-date = 2011-11-17 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111117105022/http://backpagefootball.com/transfers/neymar-da-silva-santos-junior-the-world%E2%80%99s-hottest-property-2/ | url-status = dead }}</ref> Wekdal warsa [[1992]], Neymar pindhah bebarengan kulawarga ing São Vicente, wonten ngriku piyambakipun miwiti bal-balan wonten Portuguesa Santista.<ref>{{cite news| url= http://m.globoesporte.globo.com/sp/santos-e-regiao/noticia/2012/11/atuacao-brilhante-pelo-sub-12-da-briosa-quase-fez-neymar-ir-para-rival.html| title=Performance by the under-12 Briosa almost did Neymar hit with São Paulo| date=7 January 2013}}</ref> Lajeng, ing yuswa [[2003]], Neymar pindhah ing Santos, Neymar tumut ing [[Santos FC]].<ref>{{cite news| url=http://soccertalk.us/soccer-news/the-trajectory-of-a-soccer-star-neymar/| title=The Trajectory of a Soccer Star – Neymar| date=7 January 2013| access-date=10 June 2013| archive-date=13 June 2013| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130613084109/http://soccertalk.us/soccer-news/the-trajectory-of-a-soccer-star-neymar| url-status=dead}}</ref> Saking gaji bal-bamar pikantuk gaji 10.000 reais saben sasi, ing yuswa 16, 25.000 reais saben sasi. Ing Yuswa 17, Neymar napakasmani kontrak profésional wonten Santos ugi pikantuk sponsor.<ref name="Merca Foot">{{cite news |url=http://mercafoot.com/page/neymar-el-barcelona-piensa-en-su-fichaje-pero-podria-ser-sin-pep-guardiola-en-el-banquillo.html |title=Neymar: without Pep Guardiola on the Barce bench |publisher=Merca Foot |access-date=2013-06-10 |archive-date=2015-06-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150611133541/http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid%3D2255077.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Transfer ing FC Barcelona == Pemain bal saking [[Brasil]] punika pindhah saking Santos menyang [[FC Barcelona]]. Saking [[twitter]] resminipun, Barcelona ngaturaken warta bilih antawaisipun Neymar kaliyan Barcelona sampun sarujuk teken kontrak dangunipun gangsal taun.<ref name="neymar">[http://www.republika.co.id/berita/sepakbola/liga-spanyol/13/05/26/mndt2i-neymar-akhirnya-resmi-ke-barcelona www.republika.co.id Neymar resmi ke Barcelona] (diundhuh tanggal 11 Juni 2013)</ref> Miturut ramanipun Neymar, wonten nem tawaran saking tim-tim ageng, ingkang paling ageng saking [[Chelsea F.C.]], nanging Neymar boten mikir tim saking [[London]] mau.<ref name="neymar"/> Ingkang ndadosaken penggalihipun Neymar namung [[Real Madrid CF]] lan FC Barcelona.<ref name="neymar"/> == Prestasi == === Klub === ;Santos ==== Tim junior ==== Neymar miwiti bal-balan mlebet tim Santos FC, ​​ingkang ngontrak wiwit [[2003]]. Akademi bal-balan Santos sampun kasil juru main-juru main Brasil ingkang misuwur, kados Bruno Martins Coutinho, Clodoaldo , Diego Walsh, Elano lan Alex. Sanes punika kalebet Pepe, Pelé lan Robinho ugi saking ''Peixe''. Ing akademi Neymar kepanggih kaliyan Paulo Henrique Ganso ingkang dados kanca ingkang raket. Nalika umur 14 taun, Neymar lunga menyang Spanyol badhé mlebet Real Madrid. Wekdal punika Real nembé dipunsengkuyung déning [[Ronaldo]], [[Zinedine Zidane]] lan [[Robinho]]. Nanging Santos dipunbayar 1 juta real supados tetep ing Santos. Neymar banjur mlebet tim Santos senior wekdal warsa [[2009]]. * [[Campeonato Paulista]](3): 2010, 2011, 2012 * [[Copa do Brasil]] (1): 2010 * [[Copa Libertadores]] (1): 2011 * [[Recopa Sudamericana]] (1): 2012 === Tim Nasional === Neymar ing Timnas Brasil katingal moncer sanget. Neymar sampun mlebet timnas wiwit yuswa 17 taun, mlebet ing timnas Brazil U-17. Sapunika Neymar sampun mlebet ing timnas senior. * [[South American Youth Championship]] (1): 2011 * [[Superclásico de las Americas]] (2): 2011, 2012 * [[Summer Olympic Games|Olympic Silver Medal]] (1): 2012 === Individu === * Best Young Player of [[Campeonato Paulista]] (1): 2009 * Best Forward of [[Campeonato Paulista]] (4): 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 * Best Forward of [[Campeonato Brasileiro Série A]] (3): 2010, 2011, 2012 * Best player of [[Campeonato Paulista]] (4): 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 * Best player of [[South American Youth Championship]] (1): 2011 * Best player of [[Copa Libertadores]] (1): 2011 * Best player of [[Campeonato Brasileiro Série A]] (1): 2011 * Best player of [[Recopa Sudamericana]] (1): 2012 * [[World Soccer (magazine)|Young Player of the Year]] (1): 2011 * [[Prêmio Craque do Brasileirão|Campeonato Brasileiro Série A Championship Squad]] (3): 2010, 2011, 2012 * [[Copa Libertadores|Copa Libertadores Championship Squad]] (1): 2012 * [[Arthur Friedenreich]] Award (2): 2010, 2012 * [[Armando Nogueira]] Trophy (2): 2011, 2012 * [[Bola de Ouro|Golden Ball]] (1): 2011 – Best player in [[Campeonato Brasileiro Série A|Brazilian League]] by magazine [[Placar]] * [[Bola de Ouro|Silver Ball]] (2): 2010, 2011 – Best Forward in [[Campeonato Brasileiro Série A|Brazilian League]] by magazine [[Placar]] * [[Bola de Ouro|Silver Ball ''hors concours'']] (1): 2012 * [[Bola de Ouro|Golden Boot]] (2): 2010, 2011, 2012 – Most goals in all competition in [[Brazil]] * [[Copa do Brasil]] Top scorer (1): [[2010 Copa do Brasil|2010]] * [[South American Youth Championship]] Top scorer (1): 2011 * [[FIFA Club World Cup|FIFA Club World Cup Bronze Ball]] (1): [[2011 FIFA Club World Cup#Awards|2011]] * [[South American Footballer of the Year]] (2): 2011, 2012 * [[FIFA Puskás Award]] (1): 2011 * [[Campeonato Paulista]] Top scorer (1): 2012 * [[Copa Libertadores]] Top scorer (1): 2012 == Réferènsi == {{reflist}} == Pranala njaba == {{Commons category}} * [http://www.neymaroficial.com/ Situs resmi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120603064822/http://www.neymaroficial.com/ |date=2012-06-03 }} * [http://www.neymar.tv/ Official] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111029011344/http://www.neymar.tv/ |date=2011-10-29 }} Neymar Official * {{Pemain FIFA|314197}} * [http://www.santosfc.com.br/futebol/elenco/jogador.asp?i=2 Neymar Biograghy]{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120326072234/http://www.santosfc.com.br/futebol/elenco/jogador.asp?i=2 |date=2012-03-26 }} Santos FC * [http://www.sambafoot.com/en/players/4206_neymar.html Sambafoot.com] Neymar technical card on Sambafoot.com * [http://www.footballdatabase.com/index.php?page=player&Id=8094&pn=Neymar_da_Silva_Santos_J%C3%BAnior Neymar] FootballDatabase.com * [http://www.southamericanfutbol.com/2010/05/player-profile-neymar/ Player Profile: Neymar] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110626072205/http://www.southamericanfutbol.com/2010/05/player-profile-neymar/ |date=2011-06-26 }} SouthAmericanfutbol.com * [http://www.football-lineups.com/footballer/34907/ Tactical Profile] Football Lineups * [http://www.allforfootball.net/players/da-Silva-Santos-Neymar-54162 Neymar Profile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111126071357/http://www.allforfootball.net/players/da-Silva-Santos-Neymar-54162 |date=2011-11-26 }} All for Football * [http://pitacodogringo.wordpress.com/2011/01/21/footbrazils-feature-on-santos-and-brazil-star-neymar/ Neymar video feature] on FootBrazil * [http://www.soccerway.com/players/neymar-da-silva-santos-junior/102697/ Neymar Profile] on Soccerway {{Pemenang FIFA Puskás}} {{Navboxes berwarna |title= Skuat Brasil | bg = #FBEC5D | fg = #008000 |list1= {{Skuat Copa América 2011 Brasil}} }} [[Kategori:Lair 1992]] [[Kategori:Pamain bal-balan Brasil]] [[Kategori:Pamain Copa América 2011]] [[Kategori:Pamain Santos FC]] [[Kategori:Pamain Bèker Donya FIFA 2014]] [[Kategori:Pamain bal-balan miturut nagara]] {{pemain-sb-stub}} li209z99o3ioqd1lacwslszn7xrvs21 Pupuk Sriwidjaja Palembang 0 95960 1751926 1751526 2026-07-29T21:19:56Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1751926 wikitext text/x-wiki {{rapèkaké}} [[Gambar:Pt pupuk sriwijadja.jpg|thumb|240px]] {{for|perusahaan kang dahulu bernama PT Pupuk Sriwidjaja (Persero)|Pupuk Indonésia}} {{Kotak info perusahaan | company_name = PT Pupuk Sriwidjaja Palembang | company_logo = [[Berkas:Pusri.jpeg‎|center|150px]] | company_type = | foundation = [[12 November]] [[2010]] | location = [[Palembang]], [[Indonésia]] | key_people = Parikesit Suprapto, PhD , Komisaris {{br}}Edy Putra Irawady, SH , Direktur Utama |Ir. Arifin Tasrif | industry = [[Urea]] dan [[Amoniak]] | products = {{br}}Urea{{br}} Amoniak | revenue = | operating_income = | net_income = | num_employees = (organik){{br}} (non-organik) | parent = [[PT Pupuk Indonésia]] | subsid = {{br}}PT Sri Melamin Rejeki {{br}}PT Puspetindo | homepage = http://www.pusri.co.id/ | footnotes = }} '''PT Pupuk Sriwidjaja Palembang''', kang kondhang minangka PT Pusri, wujud anak perusahaan saka [[PT Pupuk Indonésia]] (Persero)<ref name="anak perusahaan pihc">{{Cite web |url=http://pupuk-indonesia.com/id/kepemilikan-saham |title=Anak Perusahaan PT Pupuk Indonésia |access-date=2013-01-14 |archive-date=2013-01-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115064736/http://pupuk-indonesia.com/id/kepemilikan-saham |url-status=dead }}</ref> kang bergerak ing babagan [[produksi]] lan [[pemasaran]] [[pupuk]]. == Sajarah == ==== Pupuk Sriwidjaja minangka Induk Pupuk Indonésia ==== Nalika taun 1997, Pusri ditunjuk minangka perusahaan induk membawahi papat BUMN kang bergerak ing babagan indhustri pupuk lan petrokimia, ya iku PT Petrokimia Gresik ing [[Gresik]], [[Jawa Timur]]; PT Pupuk Kujang ing [[Cikampek]], [[Jawa Barat]]; PT Pupuk Kaltim ing [[Bontang]], [[Kalimantan Timur]]; lan PT Pupuk Iskandar Muda ing [[Lhokseumawe]], [[Acèh]]; sarta BUMN kang bergerak ing babagan engineering, procurement & construction (EPC), ya iku PT Rekayasa Industri (kantore pusat ing Jakarta). Nalika taun 1998, anak perusahaan Pusri bertambah siji BUMN manhe, ya iku PT Mega Eltra ing Jakarta kang bergerak ing babagan perdagangan. awit Pamaréntah Indonésia mindahake sekabehane sahamnya kang dipanggonake ing Industri Pupuk Dalam Negeri lan ing PT Mega Eltra marang PUSRI, liwat Peraturan Pamaréntah (PP) nomer 28 taun 1997 lan PP nomer 34 taun 1998, mangka PUSRI, kang berkedudukan ing Palembang, Sumatera Selatan, dadi Induk Perusahaan (Operating Holding) kanti membawahi 6 (enam) anak perusahaan kalebu anak perusahaan penyertaan langsung ya iku PT Rekayasa Industri, masing-masing perusahaan bergerak sajrone babagan usaha: * PT Petrokimia Gresik kang berkedudukan ing Gresik, Jawa Timur. Produksi lan masarake pupuk urea, ZA, SP-36/SP-18, [[Phonska]], DAP, NPK, ZK, lan indhustri kimia lliyane sarta Pupuk Organik. * PT Pupuk Kujang, kang berkedudukan ing Cikampek, Jawa Barat. Memproduksi lan masarake pupuk urea lan indhustri kimia liyané. * PT Pupuk Kalimantan Timur, kang kedudukane ing Bontang, Kalimantan Timur. Produksi lan masarake pupuk urea lan indhustri kimia liyané. * PT Pupuk Iskandar Muda, kang kedudukane ing Lhokseumawe, Nangroe Acèh Darussalam. Produksi an masarake pupuk Urea lan indhustri kimia liyané. * PT Rekayasa Industri, kang kedudukane ing Jakarta, Bergerak sajrone penyediaan Jasa Engineering, Procurement & Construction (EPC) guna yasa indhustri gas & lenga bumi, pupuk, kimia dan petrokimia, pertambangan, pembangkit listrik (panas bumi, batu bara, micro-hydro, diesel). * PT Mega Eltra, kang kedudukane ing Jakarta kanti babagan usaha mligi ya iku Perdagangan Umum. === Periode Pupuk Sriwidjaja Palembang === Nalika taun [[2010]], dilakokake pemisahan ('''Spin-Off''') saka PT. Pupuk Sriwidjaja (Persero) (Pusri) marang PT. Pupuk Sriwidjaja Palembang (Pusri Palembang)<ref>[http://www.republika.co.id/berita/breaking-news/ekonomi/11/01/02/155887-pusri-resmi-jadi-holding-bumn-pupuk Pusri resmi jadi holding bumn pupuk]</ref>. Owah-owahan iki terutang sajrone owah-owahan anggaran dhasar<ref name="sajarah pusri">{{Cite web |url=http://www.pusri.co.id/50profil01.php |title=Sejarah Pusri |access-date=2013-01-14 |archive-date=2012-07-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120710060935/http://www.pusri.co.id/50profil01.php |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Pengalihan hak lan kewajiban Pusri marang Pusri Palembang tertuang sajrone [[Rapat Umum Pemegang Saham]] - Luar Biyasa nalika [[24 Dhésèmber]] 2010<ref name="sajarah pusri" />. Serah tampa kalungguhan lan pengalihan hak lan kewajiban efektif nalika [[1 Januari]] 2011<ref name="sajarah pusri" />. Pusri Palembang tetep migunakaké logo lan merk dagang Pusri<ref name="sajarah pusri" />. Pusri dhéwé ganti jeneng dadi [[Pupuk Indonésia]] lan migunakaké merk Pupuk Indonésia lan logo Pupuk Indonésia<ref name="ganti nama dan logo ke pupuk indonesia">[http://www.pupuk-kujang.co.id/allmenu.php?idn=36&idd=166&PHPSESSID=d75250648bd1364e7d411e70d66d8ad9 Lauching Nama dan Logo Baru Holding Pupuk]{{Pranala mati|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>. == Anak Perusahaan == # PT Sri Melamin Rejeki<ref name="anak perusahaan pusri">{{Cite web |url=http://www.pusri.co.id/50profil10.php |title=Anak Perusahaan Pusri |access-date=2013-01-14 |archive-date=2013-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130111035224/http://www.pusri.co.id/50profil10.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> (20%)<ref name="anak perusahaan pusri 2">{{Cite web |url=http://www.pusri.co.id/index0300.php |title=Anak Perusahaan Pusri 2 |access-date=2013-01-14 |archive-date=2012-07-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120717073925/http://www.pusri.co.id/index0300.php |url-status=dead }}</ref>, kang bergerak sajrone produksi melamin. # [http://www.puspetindo.com PT Puspetindo]<ref name="anak perusahaan pusri" /> (5.3%)<ref name="anak perusahaan pusri 2" />, kang bergerak sajrone produksi peralatan pabrik. # [http://twinplazahotèl.co.id/ PT Slipi Sri Indopuri]{{Pranala mati|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=May 2026 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|bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}<ref name="anak perusahaan pusri 2" />, kang bergerak sajrone hotèl lan apartemen. == Wewengkon Pemasaran == Surat Dudutan (SK) Menperindag No 70/MPP/Kep/2/2003 tanggal 11 Fèbruari 2003 wis mengatur manèh pola Pengadaan lan Penyaluran Pupuk Bersubsidi kanggo Sektor Pertanian, ya iku kanti pola rayonisasi distribusi pupuk kanggo produsen pupuk. Wewengkon Pemsaran Pupuk Sriwidjaja diduduhake kanti warna biru sarta anakan perusahaane. [[Gambar:Insetpemasaran02.jpg|center|500px]] == Prastawa wigati == # Pusri didegake nalika tanggal 24 Dhésèmber 1959 di Palembang, kanti kagiyatan usaha produksi pupuk urea. # nalika taun [[1963]] beroperasi pabrik pupuk urea pertama ya iku: ” PUSRI I ” kanti kapasitas terpasang 100.000 ton per taun. # Tahun [[1974]] dibangun pabrik pupuk Urea kapindho ya iku “ PUSRI II “ kanti kapasitas terpasang 380.000 ton pertahun (awit taun 1992 kapasitase ditingkatake / optimasi dadi 570.000 ton/taun). # Tahun [[1976]] dibangun pabrik pupuk Urea ketelu, ya iku “ PUSRI III ” kanti kapasitas terpasang 570.000 ton pertahun. # Tahun [[1977]] dibangun pabrik pupuk Urea kepapat, ya iku “ PUSRI IV ” kanti kapasitas terpasang 570.000 ton pertahun. # Tahun [[1979]], pamaréntah ngukuhaké PT.Pusri minangka perusahaan kang bertanggung jawab sajrone pengadaan lan penyaluran sekabehane jinis pupuk bersubsidi, baik kang berskala saka produksi sajrone nagari utawa import kanggo memenuhi kebutuhan program intensivikasi pertanian (Bimas lan Inmas). # Tahun [[1990]] dibangun pabrik pupuk Urea, ya iku “ PUSRI I B ” kanti kapasitas terpasang 570.000 ton pertahun minangka pengganti pabrik Puri I kang diendeg operasine amarga usia teknis lan wis ora efisien manèh. Pabrik iki wiwit produksi nalika taun 1994, wujud pabrik pertama kang digarap sapérangan besar déning ahli-ahli bangsa Indonésia, kang dibangun kanti konsèp hemat ènergi lan migunakaké sistem kendali komputer “Distributed Control System” # Tanggal [[12 November]] [[2010]], pemisahan PT Pupuk Sriwidjaja Palembang saka PT Pusri. == Struktur Kepemilikan Saham == * PT Pupuk Indonésia (99,99%)<ref name="anak perusahaan pusri" /> * Yayasan Kesejahteraan Karyawan Pusri (0,01%)<ref name="anak perusahaan pusri" /> [[Gambar:Strukturholding.jpg|center|600px]] == Cathetan sikil == {{reflist}} == Pranala njaba == * [http://www.pusri.co.id/ Situs Resmi PT. Pupuk Sriwidjaja Palembang] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130326054110/http://pusri.co.id/ |date=2013-03-26 }} [[Kategori:Kota Palembang]] [[Kategori:Perusahaan Indonésia]] [[Kategori:Pupuk]] gn7jutjk2jmff5car9w1117hu08fy6g Samaya Basa Nordhik 0 134834 1751937 1716975 2026-07-30T06:26:28Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1751937 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Orphan|date=Oktober 2016}} '''Samaya Basa Nordhik''' iku [[Prajanjèn Internasional|samaya]] hak-hak basa sing wiwit lumaku tanggal 1 Maret 1987, diaubi déning Paheman Nordhik. Ing samaya iku, warga [[Nagara-nagara Nordika|nagara-nagara Nordhik]] duwé kalodhangan saperlu nganggo basa asliné nalika sesambungan karo bebadan resmi ing nagara-nagara Nordhik tanpa kena béya alih basa utawa pertalan. Samaya iki nglimputi pamengku kasarasan, kasantosan sosial, pajeg, pamulangan, otoritas panggaotan, pulisi, lan pangadilan. Basa-basa sing kalebu ya iku [[Basa Swédia|Swédhen]], [[Basa Dénmark|Dhénemarken]], [[Basa Norwégia|Nurwègen]], [[Basa Finlan|Finlan]] lan [[Basa Èslan|Èslan]].<ref>[http://www.norden.org/en/about-nordic-co-operation/treaties-and-agreements/treaties-and-agreements/education-and-research/spraakkonventionen?set_language=en Konvention mellan Sverige, Danmark, Finland, Island och Norge om nordiska medborgares rätt att använda sitt eget språk i annat nordiskt land], ''Nordic Council website''. Retrieved on 25 April 2007.</ref><ref>[http://www.norden.org/en/news-and-events/news/20th-anniversary-of-the-nordic-language-convention/?searchterm=20th%20anniversary%20of%20the%20Nordic%20Language%20Convention 20th anniversary of the Nordic Language Convention], ''Nordic news'', 22 February 2007. Retrieved on 25 April 2007.</ref> Samaya iki ora cukup kaloka lan asring minangka pamrayoga. Nagara-nagara iku ngandhemi saperlu bisa ngladèni sarana manéka basa, nanging warga ora duwé hak absolut kajaba ngenani prakara pidana lan pangadilan.<ref name=Wallin>[http://www.norden.org/en/news-and-events/news/language-convention-not-working-properly/?searchterm=Language%20Convention Language Convention not working properly], ''Nordic news'', 3 March 2007. Retrieved on 25 April 2007.</ref><ref name=Niska>Helge Niska, [http://www.fit-ift.org/cbi/download/sweden.pdf Community interpreting in Sweden: A short presentation] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090327012606/http://www.fit-ift.org/cbi/download/sweden.pdf |date=2009-03-27 }}, [[International Federation of Translators]], 2004. Retrieved on 25 April 2007.</ref> Samaya iki ora ateges otoritas kudu ngladèni ing basa liya, nanging warga kudu njaluk ana juru alih basa.<ref name=Niska/> Pagawé nagara ing bebadan resmi asring ora ngudani paugeran alih basa sarta pertalan iki lan nglirwakaké saperlu ngladèni sarana basa sing dijaluk.<ref name=Winsa>{{Citation |last1 = Winsa |first1 = Birger |title = Language Planning in Sweden |journal = Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development |volume = 20 |issue = 4 |pages = 376–473 |year = 1999 |url = http://www.multilingual-matters.net/jmmd/020/0376/jmmd0200376.pdf |id = |issn = 0143-4632 |accessdate = 2007-04-25 |doi = 10.1080/01434639908666384 |archive-date = 2007-09-27 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070927231427/http://www.multilingual-matters.net/jmmd/020/0376/jmmd0200376.pdf |url-status = dead }}</ref> Samaya iki ora nglimputi basa-basa cilik, kaya ta basa Faru, Kalaallisut, Romani, lan Sami, dalah basa-basa imigran.<ref name=Niska/><ref name=Winsa/> [[Basa Inggris]] uga wis dianggep sangsaya wigati ing sesambungan antara warga nagara-nagara Nordhik.<ref name=Wallin/> == Rujukan == {{Reflist|2}} [[Kategori:Negara Nordik]] q6d3cfm1lh45zabvn7fc1lrw73pcypu Parembugan Naraguna:LasseKeskinen 3 155358 1751911 1451279 2026-07-29T13:27:17Z Ternarius 22386 Ternarius ngalih kaca [[Parembugan Naraguna:Roopeank]] menyang [[Parembugan Naraguna:LasseKeskinen]]: Otomatis ngalih kaca nalika ngganti jeneng naraguna "[[Special:CentralAuth/Roopeank|Roopeank]]" dadi "[[Special:CentralAuth/LasseKeskinen|LasseKeskinen]]" 1451279 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="width: 99%; color: #111; {{box-shadow|0|1px|3px|rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.35)}} {{border-radius|2px}}"> <div style="overflow:hidden; height:auto; background: #fff; width: 100%; padding-bottom:18px;"> <div style="font-size: 36px; margin-top: 24px;margin-left: 16px; font-family: 'Linux Libertine',Georgia,Times,serif; line-height: 1.2em;">Sugeng rawuh, Roopeank!</div> <div style="font-size: 24px; padding-top: 0px; margin-left: 16px; font-family: 'Linux Libertine',Georgia,Times,serif; line-height:1.2em; color: #666; "> ꧌ꦱꦸꦒꦼꦁꦫꦮꦸꦃꦲꦶꦁꦮꦶꦏꦶꦥꦺꦣꦶꦪꦗꦮ꧍[[Kategori:Wikipédiawan sing mlebu ing wulan Agustus 2018]] </div></div> <div style="vertical-align:middle; color: black; background-color:#fff"> <div style="display: flex; flex-flow: row wrap; background-color:#e7e7e7; padding: 10px; padding-left: 20px; "> <div style="flex: 1 1 300px;"> <div style="font-size: 18px; font-family: 'Linux Libertine',Georgia,Times,serif; line-height:1.2em; font-weight:normal;">[[File:HelpPage IconPack-03.png|51px|alt=|link=]] Miwiti</div> <div style="padding-left: 51px; margin-top: -15px;"> * Wacanana kaca <u>'''[[Wikipedia:Prakawis|Pambukané Wikipédia]]'''</u> dhisik. * Wacanana uga '''[[Pitulung:Isi|katerangan bab carané urun ing Wikipédia]]'''.{{#ifexist:Panganggo:Roopeank|| * Isènana uga profilé panjenengan ing [{{fullurl:Panganggo:Roopeank|action=edit&preload=Cithakan:Sugeng-rawuh}}&editintro=Cithakan:Sugeng-rawuh Panganggo:Roopeank], minangka kaca sing nepangaké panjenengan, kersané supaya kita bisa luwih nepangi panjenengan.}} * Wacanana uga [[Wikipedia:Aturan sing diringkes|aturan sing diringkes iki]] sadurungé mbacutaké. </div> </div> <div style="flex: 1 1 300px;"> <div style="font-size: 18px; font-family: 'Linux Libertine',Georgia,Times,serif; line-height:1.2em; font-weight:normal;">[[File:HelpPage IconPack-05.png|51px|alt=|link=]] Pituduh</div> <div style="padding-left: 51px; margin-top: -15px;"> * [[Pitulung:Tapak tangan|Tansah tandha-tangani]] pitakoné panjenengan manawa nulis ing [[Wikipedia:Warung Kopi|Angkringan]] utawa ing [[Wikipedia:Kaca parembugan|parembugan]] kanthi ngetik <code><nowiki>~~~~</nowiki></code> ing pungkasané ukarané panjenengan. * [[Wikipedia:Aja kasusahan déning aturan|'''''Aja wedi!''''']] Panjenengan ora perlu wedi salah nalika mbesut utawa nggawé kaca anyar, nambah utawa nyuda ukara. </div> </div> </div> <div style="padding: 10px; padding-left: 20px; "> <div> '''Mangga jajal-jajalana''', kita ngantu-antu pasumbangé panjenengan ing kawruh ana ing Wikipédia Jawa iki! </div> <div style="font-style: italic; font-size: 90%"> '''Welcome!''' If you do not understand Javanese language, you may want to visit [[Wikipedia:Kadutan|the embassy]] or [[Wikipedia:Babel/jv-0|find users who speak your language]]. Enjoy! </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> --[[Panganggo:HsfBot|HsfBot]] ([[Parembugan Panganggo:HsfBot|rembugan]]) 13 Agustus 2018 11.42 (UTC) gn257uwmh2f78qqju8egh4ry29z00d1 Wikipédia:Angkringan Warta 4 165026 1751929 1751890 2026-07-30T00:31:02Z LabdajiwaBot 42498 Bot: Ngarsipaké 1 lembar (luwih lawas tinimbang 30 dina) ing [[Wikipédia:Angkringan Warta/Arsip 2026]] 1751929 wikitext text/x-wiki {{/Pambuka}} <div style="display: none;"> {{Naraguna:LabdajiwaBot/konfig arsip |archive = Wikipédia:Angkringan Warta/Arsip %(year)d |algo = old(30d) |counter = 1 |minthreadsleft = 0 |minthreadstoarchive = 1 }} </div> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-28</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W28"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/28|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:34}} {{PLURAL:34|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah pada bilah pencarian di Wikidata yang sebelumnya menampilkan hasil dalam bahasa Inggris alih-alih menggunakan bahasa kedua yang sesuai bagi pengguna varian bahasa kini telah diperbaiki. Mulai sekarang, saran pencarian akan mengikuti rantai bahasa kedua yang diharapkan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T429769] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Sebagai persiapan menuju [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Celebrate Women|kampanye Celebrate Women]] yang direncanakan berlangsung pada Maret 2027, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Advancement/Community Growth/Content Enablement|tim Pemberdayaan Konten]] dari Wikimedia Foundation meluncurkan survei yang terdiri atas 22 pertanyaan untuk memperoleh pemahaman yang lebih baik mengenai kontribusi teknis yang dilakukan oleh perempuan+ (siapa pun yang mengidentifikasi dirinya sebagai perempuan) di berbagai proyek Wikimedia. Survei ini membutuhkan waktu sekitar 15–20 menit untuk diselesaikan dan akan tetap dibuka hingga 20 Juli 2026. Seluruh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Celebrate Women/Technical contributions survey|pertanyaannya]] juga telah tersedia di wiki sehingga dapat ditinjau terlebih dahulu. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Score|Ekstensi Score]] kini mendukung penyajian partitur musik dalam format gambar SVG selain PNG. Pembaruan ini menjawab [[:phab:T49578|permintaan fitur]] yang telah lama diajukan, sekaligus mengatasi masalah kualitas gambar yang selama ini terjadi. Kedua format tersebut kini akan dikirimkan kepada pengguna: format PNG pada atribut <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>src</nowiki></code></bdi> dan SVG pada atribut <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>srcset</nowiki></code></bdi>. * Pengurai [[wikitech:Parsoid|Parsoid]] yang baru [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser_Unification/Updates|terus diterapkan ke wiki lainnya]] untuk mempermudah pengenalan berbagai fitur baru dalam membaca dan menyunting. Pengurai ini kini telah diaktifkan di Wikipedia bahasa Prancis, sehingga cakupan penerapannya telah mencapai 78,9% dari seluruh tampilan halaman Wikipedia. Penerapan pada Wikipedia bahasa Inggris versi desktop akan terus berlanjut sepanjang pekan ini. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.10|MediaWiki]] '''Lebih lanjut''' * [[diffblog:2026/06/29/wikimedia-hackathon-2026-building-collaborating-and-shaping-the-future-together/|Tulisan rangkuman]] mengenai Wikimedia Hackathon 2026 kini telah diterbitkan. Tulisan tersebut menyoroti berbagai proyek, sesi, dan kegiatan sosial yang berlangsung selama acara tahun ini, dan membagikan rencana awal penyelenggaraan Wikimedia Hackathon 2027. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/28|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W28"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 6 Juli 2026 13.56 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30773578 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': June 2026 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XVI, Issue VI, June 2026</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/From the team|From the team]]: Tools, tech, and Wikimania * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Argentina report|Argentina report]]: New digitization partner * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Bangladesh report|Bangladesh report]]: International Museum Day Edit-a-thon and Workshop held in Dinajpur, Bangladesh * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: Postal Mission on Wikimedia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Empowering Institutions through Wikisource Education and GLAM Capacity Building * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Czech Republic report|Czech Republic report]]: Bridging the gap between labs and Wikipedia: continuing cooperation with FZU * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Egypt report|Egypt report]]: From Museum Celebrations to Archival Documentation * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Finland report|Finland report]]: Northern Wikimedist meetup in Oulu * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/France report|France report]]: #1lib1ref Recap and International Archives Week * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Heritage and Community Action * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Mexico report|Mexico report]]: Open GLAM in Puebla * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: Interview with Olaf Janssen, Wikimedia coordinator of the KB, National library of the Netherlands * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: BAU at Auckland Museum, Otago Uni Library Life and the NZBSI WiR is complete * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: Collaboration with the Botanical garden at the Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics in Skopje * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: Poland Report: New Partnerships, Conferences, and Wikimedians in Residence * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: Opening the Doors of Serbian Heritage: Wikimedia Serbia’s Recent GLAM and Wikidata Successes * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Spain report|Spain report]]: GLAM Labs Futures 2026 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Finnish-Swedish cooperation * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Exhibition, International Archives Week Panel * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Ninth Good Article from Khalili partnership * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Philadelphia WikiSalon * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: Updates on work by BHLWiki Working Group members * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/AvoinGLAM report|AvoinGLAM report]]: Is the sauna still hot? * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: New articles * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: July's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 11 Juli 2026 22.34 (UTC)</div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Romaine@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=30773577 --> == ''The Signpost'': 13 July 2026 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''</div> <div style="column-count:2;"> * News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-07-13/News and notes|An exclusive club]] * In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-07-13/In the media|Battle for a soul - who won?]] * Opinion: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-07-13/Opinion|We need to innovate with Wikimedia decision-making]] * Recent research: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-07-13/Recent research|LLMs and NPOV, 20 years of user blocks, Esperanto and Volapük Wikipedias]] * News from Diff: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-07-13/News from Diff|How to host Wikicurious in your own community]] * Community view: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-07-13/Community view|CUNY Newmark Wikimedian-in-Residence Quarterly Brief – April to June 2026]] * Special report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-07-13/Special report|Wikipedia escapes Category 1 designation under the UK Online Safety Act - for now]] * On the bright side: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-07-13/On the bright side|Fatherhood, weather, and diplomacy]] * Op-ed: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-07-13/Op-ed|A Layup Easy Proposal for Wikimedia at 25: Spend 25% of Donations on the Community]] * Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-07-13/Traffic report|The grass was greener, the light was brighter]] * Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-07-13/Comix|schnozzed]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 13 Juli 2026 07.27 (UTC) <!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --></div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:JPxG@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&oldid=30775662 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-29</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W29"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/29|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Revise_Tone|Revisi Nada]] (''Revise Tone'') membantu pengguna baru mengenali bagian-bagian dalam artikel Wikipedia yang mungkin menggunakan bahasa yang kurang sesuai dengan gaya ensiklopedis, sekaligus mengajaknya untuk mempertimbangkan penyuntingan ulang agar nada tulisannya lebih tepat. Fitur ini telah diuji melalui [[w:en:A/B_testing|pengujian A/B]] di Wikipedia bahasa Arab, Inggris, Prancis, dan Portugis. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat penyelesaian tugas oleh pengguna baru [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Revise_Tone#Experiment_Results|meningkat sebesar 38,7%]] dibandingkan dengan tugas penyuntingan teks bawaan, tanpa penurunan kualitas suntingan. Uji coba tersebut berakhir pada 9 Juli, dan kini fitur ini tersedia bagi semua pengguna di wiki-wiki tersebut, dan dapat diatur melalui Konfigurasi Komunitas. Selanjutnya, fitur ini [[phab:T426364|direncanakan]] akan diluncurkan ke lebih banyak wiki. * Konfigurasi komunitas yang memungkinkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship#Automated mentor list cleanup|pembimbing tidak aktif dihapus secara otomatis]] berdasarkan kriteria yang dapat disesuaikan akan mulai diaktifkan pada hari Kamis, 16 Juli, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Deployment|di sejumlah wiki]] agar daftar pembimbing tetap mutakhir. Pembimbing merupakan kontributor berpengalaman yang secara sukarela mendaftarkan diri untuk membantu pengguna baru di wiki melalui [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary|Fitur-fitur Pertumbuhan]]. Pengurus kini dapat menyiapkan pengaturannya melalui [[w:Special:CommunityConfiguration/Mentorship|Special:CommunityConfiguration/Mentorship]]. Pengaturan tersebut akan mulai berlaku pada hari Kamis. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:38}} {{PLURAL:38|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah yang menyebabkan sebagian pengguna aplikasi Wikipedia untuk Android langsung keluar log sesaat setelah masuk log (''login'') sehingga mereka tidak dapat tetap masuk log dan menyunting halaman, kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316916] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Penyuntingan halaman menggunakan skrip pengguna atau gawai sebelumnya menyebabkan label daftar pantauan yang telah ditetapkan pengguna pada halaman tersebut kembali ke kondisi awal. Masalah tersebut kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423778] * Sebagai solusi sementara untuk mengatasi bug pada Safari (lihat [[phab:T425211]]), pada wiki yang telah mengaktifkan Parsoid, atribut href pada pranala wiki kini menggunakan URL absolut, alih-alih URL relatif terhadap protokol (''protocol-relative URL''). Keluaran REST API tidak mengalami perubahan dan tetap menggunakan URL relatif terhadap protokol. Oleh karena itu, gawai, skrip pengguna, bot, atau CSS mungkin perlu disesuaikan apabila sebelumnya bergantung pada penggunaan URL relatif terhadap protokol dalam atribut href pada pranala wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T431358] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.11|MediaWiki]] '''Lebih lanjut''' * Tim Platform Eksperimen (''Experiment Platform Team'') dari Wikimedia Foundation telah menerbitkan sebuah tulisan di blog yang merenungkan tahun pertama pelaksanaan uji coba terstruktur mereka. Tulisan tersebut menyoroti berbagai eksperimen yang berhasil, seperti Pemeriksaan Tempel, Pemeriksaan Referensi, dan Pemeriksaan Nada Bahasa, yang terbukti meningkatkan hasil penyuntingan dan kini telah diluncurkan kepada lebih banyak pengguna. Selain itu, tulisan tersebut juga membahas sejumlah eksperimen yang pada akhirnya tidak menghasilkan perubahan terhadap produk. [[diffblog:2026/07/07/moving-the-needle-how-we-test-new-ideas-across-wikimedia-projects|Baca selengkapnya]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/29|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W29"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 13 Juli 2026 16.10 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30804401 --> == Books & Bytes – Issue 75 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style = "font-size: 1.5em; margin: 0 100px"> [[File:Bookshelf.jpg|right|175px]]</div> <div style = "line-height: 1.2"> <span style="font-size: 2em; font-family: Copperplate, 'Copperplate Gothic Light', serif">'''The Wikipedia Library''': ''Books & Bytes''</span><br /> Issue 75, May–June 2026 </div> <div style = "margin-top: 1.5em; border: 3px solid #ae8c55; border-radius: .5em; padding: 1em 1.5em; font-size: 1.2em"> * New partnerships: The Telegraph, Marg, The Tribune newspapers * Tech tip: Expired partnerships <big>'''[[:m:The Wikipedia Library/Newsletter/May-June 2026|Read the full newsletter]]'''</big> </div> </div> <small>Sent by [[m:User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] on behalf of The Wikipedia Library team – 17 Juli 2026 14.44 (UTC)</small> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Samwalton9 (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Wikipedia_Library/Newsletter/Recipients&oldid=30816481 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-30</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W30"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/30|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reader/Reader Experience|Tim Pengalaman Pembaca]] telah menindaklanjuti berbagai masukan dari komunitas mengenai penempatan tombol bintang pantauan (''watchstar'') dan daftar pantauan (''watchlist'') pada [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|fitur beta Daftar Bacaan]] (''Reading Lists''). Fitur ini memungkinkan pengguna menyimpan artikel untuk dibaca di lain waktu dan merupakan salah satu [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W102|usulan dalam daftar harapan pengembangan]] agar fungsi tersebut tersedia di antarmuka web. Para penyunting diundang untuk mengaktifkan fitur beta ini, mencobanya, dan [[phab:T426453|menyampaikan tanggapan maupun masukan mereka]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Mode Saran]] menghadirkan saran penyuntingan di dalam VisualEditor untuk membantu meningkatkan kualitas artikel Wikipedia. [[Special:EditChecks|Seluruh saran]] yang ditampilkan dapat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Suggestion mode#For administrators – local customization|dikonfigurasi oleh komunitas]]. Salah satu fiturnya, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/TextMatch|TextMatch]], memungkinkan para sukarelawan membuat saran lokal yang disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan wiki masing-masing. Fitur ini bekerja dengan mencari pola teks tertentu di dalam artikel, dan kini telah mendukung penggunaan ekspresi reguler. Dukungan tersebut memberikan ketelitian dan fleksibilitas yang lebih besar bagi para sukarelawan dalam menentukan jenis saran lokal yang ingin dibuat. Perlu diketahui bahwa saran [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Configuration#:~:text=maximumEditcount|dapat disasar]] berdasarkan jumlah suntingan penyunting atau berbagai karakteristik lain dari halaman yang sedang disunting. Sebagai referensi, tersedia pula [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Suggestion mode#Create custom local types of Suggestions|berbagai contoh dari komunitas lain]], termasuk TextMatch yang dapat mendeteksi kesalahan ketik, kesalahan tata bahasa, potensi konten promosi, penggunaan ungkapan klise, kesalahan penggunaan tanda pisah atau tanda hubung, kata-kata penunjuk waktu yang tidak spesifik, nama yang sudah tidak lagi digunakan, dan lain-lain. Segala bentuk [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|masukan]] sangat diharapkan. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:27}} {{PLURAL:27|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah pada perkakas Penerjemah SVG (''SVG Translate''), yang sebelumnya menggunakan versi berkas yang sudah usang. Akibatnya, terjemahan yang sudah ada dapat tertimpa saat terjemahan baru diunggah. Masalah tersebut [[phab:T430577|kini telah diperbaiki]]. Secara keseluruhan, sepanjang triwulan April–Juni 2026, Wikimedia Foundation telah menyelesaikan sekitar 337 tugas yang diajukan oleh komunitas. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Pada wiki yang telah menggunakan Parsoid, kini jumlah gambar yang dapat dihasilkan dalam satu halaman akan dibatasi hingga 1.250 gambar. Kategori pelacakan baru bernama "media-limit-reached" akan segera tersedia untuk membantu mengidentifikasi halaman yang mencapai batas tersebut. Dengan adanya kategori ini, halaman yang keluaran medianya mungkin dibatasi selama proses render akan lebih mudah ditemukan. Lihat [[phab:T430854]] untuk informasi lebih lanjut dan untuk menyampaikan masukan. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.12|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/30|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W30"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21 Juli 2026 05.45 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30836091 --> == Request for comment (the future of Abstract Wikipedia) == <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Apologies if this has not yet been translated into your wiki's language. {{int:Please-translate}} You are invited to voice your opinions in a [[:m:Requests for comment/The future of Abstract Wikipedia|request for comment about the future of Abstract Wikipedia]]. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[:m:User:Kowal2701|Kowal2701]] ([[:m:User talk:Kowal2701|talk]]) 24 Juli 2026 12.24 (UTC) </bdi> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:DreamRimmer@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30513860 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-31</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W31"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/31|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ContentTranslation|Penerjemahan Konten]] (''Content Translation''), kini mendukung mode gelap. Pembaruan ini memenuhi salah satu [[m:Community Wishlist/W544|permintaan dari Daftar Harapan Komunitas]] dan membuat perkakas tersebut selaras dengan fitur aksesibilitas yang telah tersedia pada kulit Vector 2022 dan Minerva. Dengan dukungan ini, pengguna yang menerjemahkan konten dapat mengurangi kelelahan visual saat menggunakan perkakas tersebut. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367077] * Mode sumber pada DiscussionTools dan penyunting teks wiki 2017 kini akan menyediakan fitur pelengkapan otomatis untuk pranala (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>[[</nowiki></code></bdi>), templat (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{</nowiki></code></bdi>), tag HTML dan pengurai (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><</nowiki></code></bdi>), dan kata magis (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>__</nowiki></code></bdi>). Fitur ini membuat proses penyisipan pranala, templat, dan elemen markah wiki lainnya menjadi lebih cepat dan mudah ketika melakukan penyuntingan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T432400] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews|Tim Pertumbuhan Pembaca]] telah menyelesaikan eksperimennya mengenai pratinjau halaman pada perangkat seluler (''mobile page previews'') dan memutuskan untuk tidak meluncurkan fitur tersebut secara luas. Pratinjau Halaman (''Page Previews'') merupakan lembar tersembul di bagian bawah layar yang muncul ketika pembaca mengetuk pranala berwarna biru. Fitur ini menampilkan keluku, paragraf pembuka artikel, dan opsi untuk membuka artikel tersebut. Hasil uji coba menunjukkan tingkat retensi yang relatif datar dan metrik indikator yang negatif. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa pembaca Wikipedia melalui web seluler lebih memilih berpindah langsung ke artikel yang ditautkan daripada menggunakan pratinjau halaman. * Tim Pengalaman Pembaca memperoleh hasil awal yang menjanjikan dari [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|fitur Daftar Bacaan]] (''Reading Lists''), dengan 93% pengguna yang berpartisipasi melaporkan bahwa fitur tersebut bermanfaat. Fitur ini membantu pembaca aktif menyimpan artikel untuk dibaca kembali di masa mendatang dan mendukung tujuan pembelajaran mereka dalam proyek-proyek Wikimedia. Tim tersebut berencana melakukan peningkatan lebih lanjut sebelum memperluas penggunaan fitur ini kepada lebih banyak pengguna. * Inisiatif [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh|Penyegaran Jelajah Umpan]] (''Explore Feed Refresh'') telah diuji coba kepada pembaca baru dan pembaca kasual aplikasi Wikipedia. Tampilan umpan yang diperbarui ini membantu pembaca menemukan artikel baru yang relevan dengan lebih mudah. Setelah fitur tersebut menghasilkan peningkatan interaksi sebesar 10,5% pada penggunaan umpan, tim Aplikasi Wikimedia memutuskan untuk menerapkan desain ulang Umpan Beranda (''Home Feed'') pada perangkat iOS, dengan memanfaatkan pembelajaran dari peluncuran versi Android. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:23}} {{PLURAL:23|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah pada fitur Panduan Artikel yang menyebabkan nama subjek ditampilkan dengan penggunaan huruf kapital yang keliru di Wikipedia bahasa Prancis kini telah diperbaiki. Nama subjek tersebut sekarang akan ditampilkan sesuai dengan aturan kapitalisasi yang berlaku dalam bahasa terkait. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427201] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Setelah melakukan serangkaian [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|Uji Coba Pembuatan Akun]] untuk meningkatkan persentase pengguna yang berhasil menyelesaikan proses registrasi, versi terbaru kolom nama pengguna pada halaman [[Special:CreateAccount|Buat Akun]] kini telah diterapkan. Versi terbaru ini menambahkan jendela sembul yang berisi [[:c:File:Create account - July 2026 updates.png|ringkasan kebijakan nama pengguna]], sehingga pengguna memperoleh panduan yang lebih jelas saat membuat akun. Sebagai bagian dari perubahan ini, pesan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-helpusername</nowiki></code></bdi> dan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-username-help</nowiki></code></bdi> yang telah dikonfigurasi oleh beberapa komunitas tidak akan digunakan lagi. Jika komunitas ingin menyesuaikan panduan yang ditampilkan pada dialog sembul baru tersebut, mereka dapat menyunting halaman pesan-pesan berikut: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-username-policy-popover-bullet1</nowiki></code></bdi>, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-username-policy-popover-bullet2</nowiki></code></bdi>, dan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-username-policy-popover-bullet3</nowiki></code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T430604] * Mulai akhir pekan ini, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|penyorot sintaks CodeMirror]] akan menyediakan pilihan tema. Tema tersebut dapat dipilih melalui menu tarik-turun pada dialog [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#CodeMirror preferences|pengaturan lengkap CodeMirror]]. Untuk teks wiki, tema yang tersedia adalah: ''default'' (tampilan standar), ''colorblind-friendly'' (ramah bagi pengguna dengan buta warna; sebelumnya merupakan opsi preferensi buta warna pada [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing]]), dan ''no-highlighting'' (tanpa penyorotan sintaks). Untuk bahasa pemrograman seperti CSS, JavaScript, JSON, Vue, dan Lua, tersedia beberapa pilihan tema lainnya. Tema-tema yang sama nantinya juga akan tersedia untuk teks wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T163533] * Mulai sekarang, wiki dapat membatasi penyuntingan pada ruang nama "Pengguna" hanya kepada pemilik halaman tersebut dan kelompok pengguna tertentu. Silakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:$wgRestrictUserPageEditing|membaca dokumentasi konfigurasi]] untuk mengetahui informasi lebih lanjut. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.14|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/31|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W31"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 27 Juli 2026 18.48 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30856308 --> 8qvmfzykdjv1efjni2xksg9w82jjdt0 Roti nanas 0 172529 1751932 1538639 2026-07-30T03:08:50Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1751932 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox food|name=Pineapple bun|image=File:菠蘿油 (Pineapple Bun) (3476646912).jpg|image_size=250px|caption=|alternate_name=Bo lo baau|country=[[Hong Kong]]|region=|creator=|course=|type=[[Sweet roll|Sweet bun]]|served=|main_ingredient=[[Sugar]], [[Egg (food)|eggs]], [[flour]], and [[lard]]|variations=|calories=|other=}}{{Infobox Chinese}} [[Barkas:Ananasbroodje.JPG|jmpl|Roti nanas metu saka oven]] '''Bun nanas''' ( Chinese ) minangka salah sawijining jinis bun manis sing akeh disenengi ing [[Hong Kong]] <ref name="cnn-travel-1">{{Cite news|url=http://travel.cnn.com/hong-kong/none/40-things-eat-hong-kong-coronary-arrest-820489|title=Hong Kong food: 40 dishes we can't live without - 6. 'Pineapple' bun|date=13 July 2010|work=CNN Travel|access-date=5 January 2014|archive-date=18 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170618024641/http://travel.cnn.com/hong-kong/none/40-things-eat-hong-kong-coronary-arrest-820489/|url-status=dead}}</ref> lan uga umum ing Chinatowns ing saindenging jagad. <ref name="wisegeek-1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-pineapple-bun.htm|title=What Is a Pineapple Bun|website=wisegeek|publisher=Conjecture Corporation|access-date=5 January 2014}}</ref> Sanajan jenenge, ora biasane ngemot nanas; luwih becik, jeneng kasebut nuduhake tampilan topping karakteristik (sing padha karo tekstur nanas). Sisih ndhuwur bun nanas (bagean sing digawe mirip nanas) digawe saka adonan sing padha karo sing nggawe cookie gula, sing kalebu gula, endhog, glepung, lan babi . Rasane renyah lan legi banget dibandhingake karo roti ing ngisor iki. Adonan roti ing ngisor iki padha karo sing digunakake ing roti Barat gaya Cina, sing dadi adonan sing luwih alus lan luwih legi tinimbang roti Kulon. Iki misuwur nalika sarapan utawa teh sore. * * * * == Referensi == [[Kategori:Artikel ngandhut tulisan abasa Cina padatan]] [[Kategori:Artikel ngandhut tulisan abasa Cina]] l4wgczpuc302mn4z3xkbubnwkal1dnp Kios taco 0 176500 1751925 1552507 2026-07-29T21:15:00Z Dr. Thomas Liptak 69015 current photo added 1751925 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Barkas:Taqueria.jpg|jmpl|250x250px| Taco ngadeg ing Morelia, Meksiko.]] [[Barkas:Taco_de_longaniza.jpg|jmpl|250x250px| Taco ing taco ing Puebla, Meksiko.]] '''Stand taco''' utawa '''taquería''' minangka kios panganan, kranjang [[Grobak panganan|panganan]] utawa restoran sing khusus kanggo [[taco]] lan panganan Meksiko liyane. Panganan biasane disiapake kanthi cepet lan cenderung murah. Akeh macem-macem bahan sing bisa digunakake, lan macem-macem gaya taco bisa uga diwenehake. Stand Taco minangka bagean integral saka panganan jalanan Meksiko . Tacos dadi bagean saka [[Olahan Mèksiko|masakan]] tradisional Meksiko ing wiwitan abad kaping 20, diwiwiti ing [[Kutha Mèksiko|Mexico City]], amarga panganan cemilan penambang wiwit didol ing sudhut dalan ing kutha kasebut. <ref name="Pilcher">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h0CvArl9ft8C&q=taqueria|title=Planet Taco: A Global History of Mexican Food|last=Jeffrey M. Pilcher|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2012|isbn=978-0-19-974006-2|location=New York|pages=4–10}}</ref> Toko sing adol taco wiwit akeh ing saindenging Meksiko lan wilayah liyane kanthi pengaruh kuliner lan budaya Meksiko sing abot, kalebu akeh Amerika Serikat Kulon lan kutha-kutha liyane ing Amerika sing luwih gedhe. <ref name="Arellano">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=avFXqIIomuwC&q=taqueria|title=Taco USA: How Mexican Food Conquered America|last=Gustavo Arellano|publisher=Scribner|year=2012|isbn=978-1-4391-4861-7|location=New York}}</ref> {{Rp|4–5}} Taquerías sing luwih khas khusus kanggo taco, kaya sing diarepake, nanging ing sawetara lokal bisa digunakake kanggo ngrujuk ing [[Réstoran|restoran sing]] spesialisasine [[burrito]], ing endi taco dhewe ora luwih penting. {{Rp|139–148}} Ing Meksiko, taco stand biasane diarani taquerías, amarga asale taquería biasane dadi [[Bakul pinggir dalan|vendor dalan]] . Nanging, saiki akeh taquería minangka restoran sing ana ing bangunan. Stand Taco bisa uga ana ing pinggir dalan lan ing wilayah sing akeh wong kumpul, kayata ing area mall njaba. Stand Taco biasane dununge ing njaba ruangan, sanajan istilah kasebut uga digunakake ing sawetara kali kanggo nyebut restoran taco. Sawetara stand taco minangka operasi sementara, nyiyapake kanggo acara kayata pameran lan festival. [[File:Tijuana-taco-stand-goat.jpg|jmpl|250x250px| Taco ngadeg ing persimpangan tapel wates kendaraan sisih lor ing Baja California, México, mung nyediakake daging wedhus (tacos de birria).]] [[Barkas:A_taco_stand.jpg|jmpl|250x250px| Taco ing ngadeg taco.]] <gallery class="center" widths="220px" heights="160px"> Barkas:TacoStandTacubayaDF.JPG|Taco ngadeg ing [[Tacubaya|lingkungan Tacubaya ing]] Kutha Mexico Barkas:TacoPlacesPetatlan.JPG|Taco ngadeg ing sadawane dalan ing [[Petatlán]], Guerrero, Meksiko Barkas:Tacos de suadero.jpg|[[Suadero|Taco karo suadero]] daging sapi disiapake ing taco ing Meksiko Barkas:Frankfurt am Main, Osthafen-Festival (2026) - 01 (food booths).jpg|Warung panganan cepet ing [[Frankfurt]] </gallery> == Referensi == 5y75g0nofj87hynjwdr28mti72xbin8 Wikipédia:Angkringan Warta/Arsip 2026 4 194984 1751928 1751889 2026-07-30T00:30:52Z LabdajiwaBot 42498 Bot: Ngarsipaké 1 lembar saka [[Wikipédia:Angkringan Warta]] (ARSIP JANGKEP) 1751928 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Arsip|Wikipédia:Angkringan Warta}} == ''This Month in GLAM'': December 2025 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XV, Issue XII, December 2025</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/From the team|From the team]]: Global GLAM Calls Continue in 2026 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Wikimedian in Residence, 2025, in Elbasan Albania * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Argentina report|Argentina report]]: Resume of the year * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: AMaGA partnership, signing the Open Heritage Statement and South Australian Museum Partner Project * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: Public Domain Day 2026, Circus Heritage and Fosdem * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Colombia report|Colombia report]]: Preparándonos para celebrar el día del dominio público - Getting ready for the Public Domain Day celebration * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Exploring Italy and Unlocking Its Heritage: Touring Club Italiano and GLAM Call 2026–2028 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: ASBS 2025 Conference follow-up Wiki webinar & Auckland Museum student update * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: Public Domain, Conferences, and Conversations on Open Culture * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: GLAM on Tour Bellinzona, Xmas Event, GLAM Wiki Group * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: 2025 in review * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: December meetings * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Public Domain Day report|Public Domain Day report]]: Public Domain Day 2026 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: Updates on work by BHLWiki Working Group members * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: 2025 in review * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: January's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 12 Januari 2026 12.57 (UTC)</div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Romaine@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=29895284 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-03</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W03"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/03|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Wikimedia Foundation telah membagikan sejumlah pertanyaan panduan untuk Rencana Tahunan Juli 2026–Juni 2027 di [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Product & Technology OKRs|Meta]] dan ''[[diffblog:2025/12/10/shaping-wikimedia-foundations-2026-2027-annual-goals-key-questions-for-the-wikimedia-movement/|Diff]]''. Pertanyaan-pertanyaan ini berfokus pada tren global, uji coba yang lebih cepat dan lebih sehat, dukungan yang lebih baik bagi pengguna baru, penguatan peran penyunting dan pengguna tingkat lanjut, peningkatan kolaborasi lintas proyek, dan upaya memperluas dan mempertahankan jumlah pembaca. Masukan dan gagasan dapat disampaikan melalui [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|halaman pembicaraannya]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Sebagai bagian dari pekerjaan Tim Community Tech dalam proyek [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W372|Daftar pantau ganda]] (''Multiple watchlists''), tampilan [[Special:EditWatchlist|EditWatchlist]] akan diperbarui sebagai langkah awal menuju penerapan beberapa daftar pantau. Selain itu, sistem penomoran halaman pada fitur [[Special:Search|Pencarian]] juga akan diperbarui sebagai bagian dari pengerjaan permintaan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W186|perombakan penomoran dan navigasi halaman]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411596] * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Daftar Pantau Global]] merupakan sebuah [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|ekstensi]] MediaWiki yang memungkinkan Anda melihat daftar pantauan dari berbagai wiki dalam satu halaman. Ekstensi ini baru-baru ini diperbarui agar tampilannya lebih menyerupai [[Special:Watchlist|Daftar pantau]] biasa, termasuk untuk menyiapkannya menghadapi penggunaan akun sementara dalam penyamaran IP (misalnya dengan mengarahkan ulang pranala pengguna ke halaman kontribusi), menampilkan judul halaman dengan huruf tebal, dan membuka pranala dalam ringkasan suntingan dan label di tab peramban baru. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398361][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T298919][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T273526][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T286309] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:28}} {{PLURAL:28|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah ketika pemblokiran global tidak memiliki opsi untuk menonaktifkan pengiriman surel kini telah diperbaiki, dan fitur tersebut dapat digunakan pada pekan 13 Januari. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401293] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Citation tool|Perkakas pengutipan di VisualEditor]] dan fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Pratinjau Rujukan]] kini mendukung jenis rujukan "peta". [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411083] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.10|MediaWiki]]/[[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.11|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/03|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W03"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 12 Januari 2026 19.32 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29907192 --> == ''The Signpost'': 15 January 2026 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''</div> <div style="column-count:2;"> * News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-15/News and notes|Wikipedia's 25th anniversary is here!]] * Special report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-15/Special report|Wikipedia at 25: A Wake-Up Call]] * Serendipity: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-15/Serendipity|The WMF wants to buy you books!]] * WikiProject report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-15/WikiProject report|Time for a health check: the Vital Signs 2026 campaign]] * In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-15/In the media|Fake Acting President Trump and a Wikipedia infobox]] * Community view: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-15/Community view|The inbox behind Wikipedia]] * Recent research: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-15/Recent research|Art museums on Wikidata; comparing three comparisons of Grokipedia and Wikipedia]] * Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-15/Traffic report|Tonight I'm gonna rock you]] * Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-15/Comix|Oh come on man.]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 15 Januari 2026 15.19 (UTC) <!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --></div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:JPxG@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&oldid=29899914 --> == Thank You for Last Year – Join Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 == Dear Wikimedia communities, We hope you are doing well, and we wish you a happy New Year. ''Last year, we captured light. This year, we’ll capture legacy.'' In 2025, communities around the world shared the glow of Ramadan nights and the warmth of collective iftars. In 2026, ''Wiki Loves Ramadan'' is expanding, bringing more stories, more cultures, and deeper global connections across Wikimedia projects. We invite you to explore the ''Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026'' [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Meta page]] to learn how you can participate and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026/Participating communities|sign up]] your community. 📷 ''Photo campaign on '' [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Wikimedia Commons]] If you have questions about the project, please refer to the FAQs: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ/|Meta-Wiki]] * [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ|Wikimedia Commons]] ''Early registration for updates is now open via the '''[[m:Special:RegisterForEvent/2710|Event page]]''''' ''Stay connected and receive updates:'' * [https://t.me/WikiLovesRamadan Telegram channel] * [https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/wikilovesramadan.lists.wikimedia.org/ Mailing list] We look forward to collaborating with you and your community. '''The Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 Organizing Team''' 16 Januari 2026 19.44 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:ZI Jony@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29879549 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2026 starts soon == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]] ::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div> ;Invitation to Organize Feminism and Folklore 2026 Dear Wiki Community, We are pleased to invite Wikimedia communities, affiliates, and independent contributors to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026]]''' writing competition on your local Wikipedia. The international campaign will run from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and aims to improve coverage of feminism, women’s histories, gender-related topics, and folk culture across Wikipedia projects. ;About the Campaign '''Feminism and Folklore''' is a global writing initiative that complements the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2026|Wiki Loves Folklore]]''' photography competition. While Wiki Loves Folklore focuses on visual documentation, this writing campaign addresses the '''gender gap on Wikipedia''' by improving encyclopedic content related to folk culture and marginalized voices. ;What Can Participants Write About? Communities can contribute by creating, expanding, or translating articles related to: * Folk festivals, rituals, and celebrations * Folk dances, music, and traditional performances * Women and queer figures in folklore * Women in mythology and oral traditions * Women warriors, witches, and witch-hunting narratives * Fairy tales, folk stories, and legends * Folk games, sports, and cultural practices Participants may work from curated article lists or generate new article suggestions using campaign tools. ;How to Sign Up as an Organizer Organizers are requested to complete the following steps to register their community: # Create a local project page on your wiki [[:m:Feminism and Folklore/Sample|(see sample)]] # Set up the campaign using the '''CampWiz''' tool # Prepare a local article list and clearly mention: #* Campaign timeline #* Local and international prizes # Request a site notice from local administrators [[:mr:Template:SN-FNF|(see sample)]] # Add your local project page and CampWiz link to the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta project page]]''' ;Campaign Tools The Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced tools to support organizers and participants: * '''Article List Generator by Topic''' – Helps identify articles available on English Wikipedia but missing in your local language Wikipedia. The tool allows customized filters and provides downloadable article lists in CSV and wikitable formats. * '''CampWiz''' – Enables communities to manage writing campaigns effectively, including jury-based evaluation. This will be the third year CampWiz is officially used for Feminism and Folklore. Both tools are now available for use in the campaign. '''[https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ Click here to access the tools]''' ;Learn More & Get Support For detailed information about rules, timelines, and prizes, please visit the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 project page]]'''. If you have any questions or need assistance, feel free to reach out via: * '''[[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta talk page]]''' * Email us using details on the contact page. ;Join Us We look forward to your collaboration and coordination in making Feminism and Folklore 2026 a meaningful and impactful campaign for closing gender gaps and enriching folk culture content on Wikipedia. Thank you and best wishes, '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 International Team]]''' ---- ''Stay connected:'' [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&nbsp; [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] </div></div> == Invitation to Host Wiki Loves Folklore 2026 in Your Country == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div> [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]] Hello everyone, We are delighted to invite Wikimedia affiliates, user groups, and community organizations worldwide to participate in '''Wiki Loves Folklore 2026''', an international initiative dedicated to documenting and celebrating folk culture across the globe. ;About Wiki Loves Folklore '''Wiki Loves Folklore''' is an annual international photography competition hosted on Wikimedia Commons. The campaign runs from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and encourages photographers, cultural enthusiasts, and community members to contribute photographs that highlight: * Folk traditions and rituals * Cultural festivals and celebrations * Traditional attire and crafts * Performing arts, music, and dance * Everyday practices rooted in folk heritage Through this campaign, we aim to preserve and promote diverse folk cultures and make them freely accessible to the world. [[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026|Project page on Wikimedia Commons]] ; Host a Local Edition As we celebrate the '''eight edition''' of Wiki Loves Folklore, we warmly invite communities to organize a local edition in their country or region. Hosting a local campaign is a great opportunity to: * Increase visibility of your region’s folk culture * Engage new contributors in your community * Enrich Wikimedia Commons with high-quality cultural content '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026/Organize|Sign up to organize]]:''' If your team prefers to organize the competition in ''either February or March only'', please feel free to let us know. If you are unable to organize, we encourage you to share this opportunity with other interested groups or organizations in your region. ;Get in Touch If you have any questions, need support, or would like to explore collaboration opportunities, please feel free to contact us via: * The project Talk pages * Email: '''support@wikilovesfolklore.org''' We are also happy to connect via an online meeting if your team would like to discuss planning or coordination in more detail. Warm regards, '''The Wiki Loves Folklore International Team''' </div> [[Naraguna:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Parembugan Naraguna:MediaWiki message delivery|rembugan]]) 18 Januari 2026 13.21 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Tiven2240@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=29228188 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-04</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W04"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/04|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Panel yang ditampilkan pada [[Special:Diff|Special:Diff]] dalam tampilan seluler telah didesain ulang. Panel ini kini ditampilkan dalam keadaan tertutup secara bawaan dan dilengkapi dengan pranala untuk membatalkan suntingan yang sedang ditinjau, sehingga memudahkan penyunting dan peninjau di perangkat seluler untuk mengambil tindakan tanpa membuat antarmuka terlihat penuh. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402297] * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Daftar Pantau Global]] memungkinkan Anda melihat daftar pantauan dari berbagai wiki dalam satu halaman. Ekstensi ini terus dikembangkan dan kini mampu menentukan arah teks secara otomatis, sehingga tampilan situs dengan nama domain yang tidak lazim tetap benar. Ekstensi ini juga menampilkan keterangan yang lebih rinci untuk setiap tindakan dalam log. Pada akhir pekan ini, akan ditambahkan pranala permanen baru untuk pembuatan halaman dan kelas CSS untuk setiap elemen entri. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T412505][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287929][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T262768][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414135] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:32}} {{PLURAL:32|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah yang sebelumnya ditemukan pada Vector 2022, yaitu tujuan pranala jangkar tertutup oleh tajuk yang menempel (''sticky header''), kini telah ditangani. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406114] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Sebagaimana disebutkan dalam [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|pengumuman penghentian bertahap pada Oktober 2025]], Tim Antarmuka MediaWiki akan mulai menghentikan seluruh titik akhir transformasi (''transform endpoint'') pada MediaWiki REST API yang menggunakan garis miring di akhir alamat (''trailing slash'') pada pekan 26 Januari. Perubahan ini diperkirakan akan diterapkan di semua wiki paling lambat 30 Januari. Seluruh pengguna API yang saat ini masih menggunakannya diimbau untuk beralih ke versi titik akhir tanpa garis miring di akhir. Kedua variasi titik akhir tersebut dapat ditemukan, dibandingkan, dan diuji melalui [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RestSandbox REST Sandbox]. Jika memiliki pertanyaan atau mengalami kendala, silakan ajukan tiket di Phabricator pada papan [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/view/6931/ #MW-Interfaces-Team]. * Dokumentasi rujukan interaktif untuk [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia REST API|Wikimedia REST API]] telah dipindahkan. Permintaan ke dokumentasi API yang sebelumnya diinang melalui [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/RESTBase|RESTBase]] (misalnya <code dir=ltr>https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/</code>) kini akan dialihkan ke [[w:en:Special:RestSandbox|REST Sandbox]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata Platform|Tim Platform Wikidata Wikimedia Foundation]] (WDP) telah menerbitkan [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Wikidata Platform team/Newsletter|nawala Januari 2026]]. Nawala ini memuat pembaruan mengenai penghentian titik akhir graf penuh (''full-graph'') lama, perubahan kebijakan User-Agent, jadwal sesi diskusi bulanan migrasi Blazegraph, dan upaya untuk mengurangi kemunduran (regresi) yang disebabkan oleh penonaktifan titik akhir lama tersebut. Sebagai pengingat, Anda dapat [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/WDP team updates|berlangganan nawala WDP]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.12|MediaWiki]] '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * [[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026|Wikimedia Hackathon Eropa Barat Laut 2026]] akan diselenggarakan pada 13–14 Maret 2026 di Arnhem, Belanda. Pendaftaran dibuka sejak pertengahan Desember dan akan segera ditutup atau ditutup lebih awal jika kuota peserta telah terpenuhi. Acara ini merupakan hackathon teknis selama dua hari yang mempertemukan para Wikimediawan dari kawasan tersebut. Sampai jumpa di sana! '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/04|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W04"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19 Januari 2026 20.29 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29943403 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Tinjauan tahunan untuk Kode Etik Universal dan Panduan Penegakan</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Saya ingin menyampaikan bahwa periode peninjauan tahunan Kode Etik Universal dan Pedoman Penegakannya saat ini telah dibuka. Usulan perubahan dapat diajukan hingga 9 Februari 2026. Tahap ini merupakan langkah awal dari rangkaian proses peninjauan tahunan yang akan dilakukan.[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2026|Informasi lengkap dan ruang diskusi tersedia di halaman UCoC di Meta]]. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Komite Pengarah Kode Etik Universal]] (U4C) adalah grup global yang didedikasikan untuk memberikan implementasi yang adil dan konsisten dari UCoC. Tinjauan tahunan ini telah direncanakan dan diimplementasikan oleh U4C. Untuk informasi dan tanggung jawab U4C lebih lanjut, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|Anda dapat meninjaunya pada piagam U4C]]. Mohon bagikan informasi ini pada anggota lain di komunitas Anda di mana pun yang mungkin sesuai. -- Bekerja sama dengan U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|bicara]])<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> 19 Januari 2026 21.01 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29905753 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-05</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W05"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/05|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Wikimedia Foundation mengundang masukan mengenai [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Year1 Reflections and Proposed Way Forward 2026 Update|usulan arah masa depan]] [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Dewan Penasihat Produk dan Teknologi]] hingga 28 Februari. * Semua pengguna dengan akun terdaftar kini dapat menggunakan kunci sandi (''passkey'') untuk [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|autentikasi dua-faktor]] (2FA). Kunci sandi merupakan cara masuk yang lebih sederhana tanpa perlu menggunakan perangkat kedua. Identitas pengguna diverifikasi melalui sidik jari, pemindaian wajah, atau kode PIN. Untuk menggunakan kunci sandi, pengguna harus terlebih dahulu mengaktifkan metode 2FA standar. Saat ini, proses masuk dengan kunci sandi masih memerlukan kata sandi. Pada kuartal ini, fitur masuk tanpa kata sandi akan memungkinkan pengguna masuk dengan satu klik menggunakan kunci sandi. Pengguna dengan hak akses lanjutan juga akan diwajibkan mengaktifkan 2FA. Kebijakan ini merupakan bagian dari proyek [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Keamanan Akun]]. * Kontributor tidak terdaftar yang berasal dari alamat IP atau rentang IP yang diblokir kini dapat berinteraksi di wiki untuk mengajukan banding pemblokiran dengan membuat akun sementara dan menyampaikannya melalui halaman pembicaraan pengguna, selama opsi "mencegah pengguna ini menyunting halaman pembicaraannya sendiri" tidak diaktifkan. Perubahan ini mengatasi masalah sebelumnya, yaitu pengguna yang tidak masuk log (keluar log dari akun) tidak dapat menggunakan prosedur pembukaan blokir standar melalui halaman pembicaraan pengguna. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398673] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:20}} {{PLURAL:20|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, deskripsi metode Autentikasi Dua-Faktor (2FA) pada halaman pengelolaan kini telah diperbarui. Penjelasannya menjadi lebih jelas dan lebih mudah dipahami serta digunakan oleh pengguna. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332385] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Sebuah variabel AbuseFilter baru, <code>account_type</code>, telah ditambahkan untuk menyediakan cara yang andal dalam menentukan jenis akun yang sedang dibuat pada tindakan <code>createaccount</code> dan <code>autocreateaccount</code>. Sebagai bagian dari perubahan ini, variabel <code>accountname</code> telah diubah namanya menjadi <code>account_name</code>, dan <code>accountname</code> kini dinyatakan tidak lagi digunakan (''deprecated''). Pengelola penyaring suntingan disarankan untuk memperbarui penyaring apa pun yang masih menggunakan pemeriksaan jenis akun yang ditulis langsung (''hardcoded'') atau variabel yang telah dinyatakan tidak digunakan tersebut. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414049] * Keluku (''thumbnail'') yang diminta dengan ukuran tidak standar dan menggunakan cara tidak standar, seperti permintaan langsung ke <code dir=ltr><nowiki>upload.wikimedia.org/…</nowiki></code>, akan berhenti berfungsi dalam waktu dekat. Perubahan ini dilakukan untuk mencegah penyalahgunaan berkelanjutan oleh pengambil data otomatis (''web scraper'') dan bot. Sebagian pengguna dengan CSS/JS khusus, pengurus antarmuka yang dapat memperbaiki gawai dan kulit lokal, serta pembuat alat, perlu memperbarui kode mereka agar menggunakan ukuran gambar mini standar. [[phab:T414805|Informasi lengkap, pranala pencarian, dan contoh cara memperbaikinya tersedia pada tugas terkait]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.13|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/05|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W05"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 26 Januari 2026 21.16 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29969530 --> == This Month in Education: January 2026 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 15 • Issue 1 • January 2026</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/January 2026|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/January 2026/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Strengthening Wikimedia Education and Digital Literacy in 2026|Strengthening Wikimedia Education and Digital Literacy in 2026]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Dzongkha Wikipedia Education Program in Bhutan|Dzongkha Wikipedia Education Program in Bhutan]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Wikipedia Education Program - Train The Trainer in Nepal|Wikipedia Education Program – Train The Trainer in Nepal]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Wikipedia 25 celebration in the Igbo Wiki Fan Club Alvan and IMSU|Wikipedia 25 celebration in the Igbo Wiki Fan Club Alvan and IMSU]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/CBSUA boosts Open Knowledge and Local Culture through expanded Wiki Education Program|CBSUA boosts Open Knowledge and Local Culture through expanded Wiki Education Program]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/WikiChallenge African Schools: Young voices, real impact, and continued (reasonable) growth|WikiChallenge African Schools: Young voices, real impact, and continued (reasonable) growth]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Updates on Auckland Museum Summer Student Programme|Updates on Auckland Museum Summer Student Programme]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Stronger and bolder Wikiforhumanrights 2025 in Anambra Network|Stronger and bolder Wikiforhumanrights 2025 in Anambra Network]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Official Opening of IFAK Secondary School Wiki Club: Engaging Youth in Learning Through Open Knowledge|Official Opening of IFAK Secondary School Wiki Club: Engaging Youth in Learning Through Open Knowledge]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Greetings from the Jeronim de Rada WikiClub in Elbasan, Albania, for Christmas 2025|Greetings from the Jeronim de Rada WikiClub in Elbasan, Albania, for Christmas 2025]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Great and productive final activities of 2025 Wikimedia MKD education programme|Great and productive final activities of 2025 Wikimedia MKD education programme]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Envisioning an Open Future together - WikiForAll|Envisioning an Open Future together – WikiForAll]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/A look back: reviewing the main education activities in Brazil in 2025|A look back: reviewing the main education activities in Brazil in 2025]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/A 147-Year-Old Institution Celebrates 25 Years of Wikipedia: St Aloysius University and the Spirit of Open Knowledge|A 147-Year-Old Institution Celebrates 25 Years of Wikipedia: St Aloysius University and the Spirit of Open Knowledge]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/¡Celebrando 25 años de conocimiento libre! El Proyecto "25x25" llega a las aulas de Córdoba, Argentina|Celebrating 25 years of free knowledge! The '25x25' Project reaches the classrooms of Córdoba, Argentina]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/A atuação em rede da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora para a difusão do conhecimento livre na Wikipédia|The collaborative efforts of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora for the dissemination of free knowledge on Wikipedia]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 28 Januari 2026 18.26 (UTC)</div> </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:ZI Jony@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=29951116 --> == Your feedback wanted: improve transparency of Wikidata edits affecting your Wiki == ''(Apologies for writing in English. Please translate to your language to help spread the message.)'' Hello everyone, I am writing on behalf of Wikimedia Deutschland’s [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects|Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects]] team. I have news about our focus area on [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Show_Wikidata_edits|“increasing the transparency of Wikidata edits that can affect your wiki”]], especially for patrollers, reviewers and editors of recent changes and watchlists. '''Your wiki will soon receive a change making the user-preference “Show Wikidata edits” an opt-out for the recent changes and watchlists pages.''' This is scheduled for '''''27 February, 2026'''''. '''[What does this mean?]''' * Accounts registered on this wiki will see Wikidata edits in the [[:jv:Mirunggan:Kaca_anyar|Recent Changes]] page * Accounts registered on this wiki will see Wikidata edits in [[:jv:Mirunggan:Pawawangan|Watchlists]] * You can opt-out and disable this setting at any time in your [[:jv:Mirunggan:Pilalan|user settings]] [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Show_Wikidata_edits|(Here is a guide to enable/disable this setting)]]. '''[How you can help?]'''<br> We’d love to hear from you! Your experiences, feedback, and ideas are invaluable as we work to improve the visibility and utility of Wikidata edits. We are particularly interested to hear from: * '''Patrollers:''' How has the change influenced your workflow in spotting, reviewing, and acting on edits in recent changes? * '''Editors:''' How has the change affected your experience in monitoring and reviewing changes to your watched pages? * '''General reflections:''' Is there anything about Wikidata edits that you find confusing, surprising, or difficult to act on? If you'd like ask our team anything, if you have questions, concerns, or additional thoughts, please ping me here or write on the [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Show_Wikidata_edits|talk page of the project]]. We will gladly answer! More in depth information can be found on [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Show_Wikidata_edits|the project page on Meta]]. If you'd like ask our team anything, if you have questions, concerns, or additional thoughts, please ping me here or write on the talk page of the project. We will gladly answer! Thank you, -- [[Naraguna:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] ([[Parembugan Naraguna:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|rembugan]]) 23 Januari 2026 15.35 (UTC) :''Hello @[[Naraguna:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]], we would be happy to try the new change. Thanks for [[Parembugan_Naraguna:Bennylin#c-Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)-20260127141300-Wikidata_edit_visibility_in_recent_changes/watchlists|informing us]].'' :Kanggé kanca-kanca, mengko nang kaca [[Mirunggan:Owahan anyar]] bakal ana pratélan besutan Wikidata. Yèn keganggu, isa sètingané isa dipatèni ing [[Mirunggan:Preferensi]]. [[Panganggo:Bennylin|Bennylin]] (<small>[[Dhiskusi_Panganggo:Bennylin|ꦉꦩ꧀ꦧꦸꦒ꧀ꦒꦤ꧀]]</small>) 28 Januari 2026 06.14 (UTC) ::Great! I will keep you informed for any changes or developments. Thanks again --[[Naraguna:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] ([[Parembugan Naraguna:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|rembugan]]) 28 Januari 2026 08.44 (UTC) : Personally I find this very interesting, as we can track and patrol users's changes on interwiki links and when needed revert them back. Actually I did reply you on my talk page *https://jv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Parembugan_Naraguna%3AMeursault2004&diff=1742658&oldid=1742656). [[User:Meursault2004|Meursault2004]]<sup>[[User_talk:Meursault2004|ngobrol]]</sup> 29 Januari 2026 05.03 (UTC) == ''The Signpost'': 29 January 2026 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''</div> <div style="column-count:2;"> * Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-29/Traffic report|The most viewed articles of 2025]] * News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-29/News and notes|Good news... but also bad news for the Public Domain]] * News from Diff: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-29/News from Diff|Solving puzzles together]] * In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-29/In the media|Every view on the 25th anniversary of everything]] * Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-29/Comix|Perspectives]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 29 Januari 2026 06.31 (UTC) <!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --></div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:JPxG@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&oldid=29988053 --> == Books & Bytes – Issue 72 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style = "font-size: 1.5em; margin: 0 100px"> [[File:Bookshelf.jpg|right|175px]]</div> <div style = "line-height: 1.2"> <span style="font-size: 2em; font-family: Copperplate, 'Copperplate Gothic Light', serif">'''The Wikipedia Library''': ''Books & Bytes''</span><br /> Issue 72, November–December 2025 </div> <div style = "margin-top: 1.5em; border: 3px solid #ae8c55; border-radius: .5em; padding: 1em 1.5em; font-size: 1.2em"> * Renewed partnerships * Spotlight: Strengthening Wikimedia Collaborations with and for Open Science <big>'''[[:m:The Wikipedia Library/Newsletter/November-December 2025|Read the full newsletter]]'''</big> </div> </div> <small>Sent by [[m:User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] on behalf of The Wikipedia Library team – 29 Januari 2026 12.44 (UTC)</small> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Samwalton9 (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Wikipedia_Library/Newsletter/Recipients&oldid=29991504 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-06</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W06"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/06|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Fitur "{{int:pageinfo-toolboxlink}}" yang menampilkan informasi validasi tentang suatu halaman ([{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=info}} contoh]) kini secara otomatis akan menyertakan daftar isi. Jika terdapat halaman lokal [[MediaWiki:Pageinfo-header]] yang dibuat oleh pengguna, halaman tersebut kini dapat dihapus. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363726] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:21}} {{PLURAL:21|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, sebelumnya VisualEditor menambahkan pemformatan tebal atau miring di dalam deskripsi pranala, sehingga membuat kode wiki menjadi rumit. Hal ini kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409669] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Tidak ada salinan XML pada 20 Januari. Selain itu, mulai sekarang, salinan data hanya akan dihasilkan satu kali per bulan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414389] * Tim Antarmuka MediaWiki telah menghapus dukungan untuk seluruh titik akhir transformasi yang menggunakan garis miring di akhir (''trailing slash'') dari [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/API:REST%20API REST API MediaWiki]. Seluruh pengguna API yang saat ini masih memanggil titik akhir tersebut dianjurkan untuk beralih ke versi tanpa garis miring di akhir. Apabila terdapat pertanyaan atau mengalami kendala, silakan mengajukan tiket di Phabricator pada papan [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/view/6931/ #MW-Interfaces-Team]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.14|MediaWiki]] '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Wikimedia Foundation mengingatkan para pengguna bahwa sejumlah pertanyaan panduan untuk Rencana Tahunan Juli 2026–Juni 2027 telah dibagikan melalui [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Product & Technology OKRs|Meta]] dan ''[[diffblog:2025/12/10/shaping-wikimedia-foundations-2026-2027-annual-goals-key-questions-for-the-wikimedia-movement/|Diff]]''. Pertanyaan ini menyoroti berbagai isu utama, termasuk tren global, pengembangan eksperimen yang lebih cepat dan berkelanjutan, peningkatan dukungan bagi pengguna baru, penguatan peran penyunting dan pengguna tingkat lanjut, optimalisasi kolaborasi antarproyek, dan upaya meningkatkan serta mempertahankan jumlah pembaca. Masukan, saran, dan gagasan dapat disampaikan melalui [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|halaman pembicaraannya]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/06|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W06"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 2 Fèbruari 2026 17.43 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30000986 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-07</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W07"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Daftar keinginan]] Kontributor yang masuk log dan mengelola daftar pantauan yang besar atau kompleks kini dapat mengatur dan menyaring halaman yang dipantau dengan lebih efektif melalui fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist labels|Label Daftar Pantauan]] yang baru. Dengan menambahkan label tersuai, misalnya halaman yang dibuat sendiri, halaman yang dipantau untuk vandalisme, atau halaman diskusi, pengguna dapat lebih cepat mengidentifikasi halaman yang memerlukan perhatian, mengurangi beban kognitif, dan merespons dengan lebih efisien. Peningkatan ini membuat daftar pantauan lebih mudah digunakan, terutama bagi penyunting yang sangat aktif. * Sebuah fitur baru yang tersedia di [[Special:Contributions|Istimewa:Kontribusi]] kini menampilkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|akun sementara]] yang kemungkinan dioperasikan oleh orang yang sama, sehingga proses patroli menjadi lebih efisien dan tidak memakan banyak waktu. Saat memeriksa kontribusi suatu akun sementara, pengguna yang memiliki akses ke alamat IP akun sementara kini dapat melihat tampilan kontribusi dari akun-akun sementara terkait. Fitur ini menelusuri seluruh alamat IP yang terkait dengan suatu akun sementara dalam periode retensi data, lalu menampilkan semua kontribusi dari seluruh akun sementara yang pernah menggunakan alamat IP tersebut. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts#February 2026: Improvements to the patroller tooling|Pelajari lebih lanjut]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415674] * Saat para penyunting melakukan pratayang suntingan teks wiki, kotak pengingat di bagian atas yang menunjukkan bahwa yang ditampilkan hanyalah pratayang kini menggunakan latar belakang abu-abu/netral, bukan lagi kuning/peringatan. Perubahan ini memudahkan pembedaan antara catatan pratayang dan peringatan yang sebenarnya (misalnya konflik suntingan atau sasaran pengalihan yang bermasalah), yang kini akan ditampilkan dalam kotak peringatan atau kesalahan terpisah. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414742] * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Daftar Pantauan Global]] memungkinkan pengguna meninjau daftar pantauan dari berbagai wiki dalam satu halaman. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|Ekstensi]] ini terus mengalami penyempurnaan, yang kini mendukung lebih dari satu situs Wikibase secara optimal, seperti [[d:|Wikidata]] dan [[testwikidata:|testwikidata]]. Selain itu, kendala tentang arah teks telah diperbaiki bagi pengguna Wikidata atau situs Wikibase lain yang menggunakan bahasa dengan arah kanan ke kiri (RTL). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415440][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415458] * "Pranala magis" otomatis untuk nomor ISBN, RFC, dan PMID [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic links|telah dinyatakan usang dalam teks wiki sejak 2021]] karena kurang fleksibel dan menyulitkan pelokalan. Sejumlah wiki telah berhasil menggantikan pranala magis RFC dan PMID dengan pranala luar yang setara, tetapi untuk menggantikan fungsi pranala magis ISBN sering kali diperlukan templat khusus. Kini telah tersedia [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#isbn|fungsi pengurai bawaan]] baru, <code dir=ltr><nowiki>{{#isbn}}</nowiki></code>, yang dapat digunakan untuk menggantikan fungsi dasar pranala magis ISBN. Hal ini memudahkan wiki yang ingin bermigrasi dari fungsi pranala magis yang telah dinyatakan usang tersebut. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T145604] * Dua wiki baru telah dibuat: ** {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} dalam [[d:Q35401|bahasa Jju]] ([[w:kaj:|<code>w:kaj:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413283] ** {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} dalam [[d:Q1186896|bahasa Nawat]] ([[w:ppl:|<code>w:ppl:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413273] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:23}} {{PLURAL:23|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Sebuah kelompok pengguna global baru telah dibuat, yaitu [[{{int:grouppage-local-bot}}|{{int:group-local-bot}}]]. Kelompok ini digunakan secara internal oleh perangkat lunak untuk memungkinkan bot komunitas melewati pembatasan laju (''rate limit'') yang diterapkan terhadap [[w:en:Web scraping|perayap web]] (''web scraper'') yang bersifat merusak. Akun yang telah disetujui sebagai bot di setidaknya satu wiki Wikimedia akan secara otomatis ditambahkan ke dalam kelompok ini. Perubahan ini tidak memengaruhi atau mengubah hak akses yang dimiliki oleh bot tersebut. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415588] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.15|MediaWiki]] '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Spring 2026|Konferensi Pengguna dan Pengembang MediaWiki Musim Semi 2026]] akan diselenggarakan pada 25–27 Maret 2026 di Salt Lake City, Amerika Serikat. Acara ini diselenggarakan oleh dan untuk komunitas MediaWiki pihak ketiga. Peserta dapat mengusulkan sesi serta mendaftarkan diri untuk mengikuti konferensi ini. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/AZBWVI46SDEB65PGR5J6E4TYOQQEZXM7/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W07"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 9 Fèbruari 2026 23.29 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30026671 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': January 2026 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XVI, Issue I, January 2026</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/From the team|From the team]]: Wikipedia at 25 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Aruba report|Aruba report]]: Pap-Wikipedia Turns 20: A Milestone for Papiamento/u Knowledge * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Colombia report|Colombia report]]: Celebrando el día del dominio público 2026/Celebrating the public domain day 2026 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/France report|France report]]: Wikipedia's Birthday in France * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Germany report|Germany report]]: Gifted by our friends: Loads of presents for Wikipedia25 by German and Austrian GLAMs * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: Activities in December-January * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Knowledge in action: Barindelli collection and Wikipedia 25 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: Image donation Dutch Book History * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Auckland Museum Student Edit-a-thon, the NZBSI Wikimedian in Residence project, and other residencies * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: GLAM Program of Wikimedia MKD – 2026 Overview * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: Explore Historic Portraits from the Museum of Photography in Kraków * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: January in Wikimedia Serbia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Museum in Chiasso, Alpine Museum, Women Monuments * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Sharing more of the Enamels of the World * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: Updates on work by BHLWiki Working Group members * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Map the GLAM report|Map the GLAM report]]: Wiki and GLAM: Harnessing Knowledge to Foster Gender Equality * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: Manuscripts on Arabic Wikipedia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Wikidata report|Wikidata report]]: Two key Wikidata Requests for Comments, relevant for future GLAM-Wiki work * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: February's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 11 Fèbruari 2026 08.33 (UTC)</div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Romaine@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=30055818 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-08</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W08"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/08|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * <span class="mw-translate-fuzzy">[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Site Reliability Engineering|Tim SRE]] akan membersihkan Etherpad, yaitu penyunting berbasis web sumber terbuka untuk penyuntingan dokumen kolaboratif langsung. Seluruh catatan (''pad'') akan dihapus secara permanen setelah 30 April 2026. Harap membuat salinan cadangan lokal atas konten apa pun yang ingin dipertahankan karena data yang telah dihapus tidak dapat dipulihkan. Pembersihan ini bertujuan untuk mengurangi ukuran basis data dan meminimalkan jejak infrastruktur. Etherpad akan tetap mendukung kolaborasi langsung, tetapi tidak ditujukan untuk penyimpanan jangka panjang. Pembersihan tambahan dapat dilakukan di masa mendatang tanpa pemberitahuan sebelumnya.</span> [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415237] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Tim Pengambilan Informasi (''Information Retrieval'') akan meluncurkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Information Retrieval/Phase 1|eksperimen aplikasi seluler Android]] untuk menguji pencarian hibrida yang mampu menangani kueri semantik dan berbasis kata kunci. Peningkatan pencarian di dalam platform ini bertujuan memudahkan pembaca menemukan informasi yang dicari secara langsung di Wikipedia. Eksperimen ini akan pertama kali diluncurkan di Wikipedia bahasa Yunani pada akhir Februari, kemudian diperluas ke Wikipedia bahasa Inggris, Prancis, dan Portugis pada bulan Maret. Informasi selengkapnya [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/01/08/semantic-search-making-it-easier-to-find-the-information-readers-want/ dapat dibaca] di Diff. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Readers/Information_Retrieval] * <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">The Reader Growth team will run [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/WE3.10.2 Mobile Table of Contents|an experiment]] for mobile web users, that adds a table of contents and automatically expands all article sections, to learn more about navigation issues they face. The test will be available on Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias.</span> * <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Previously, site notices ([[{{ns:8}}:Sitenotice]] and [[{{ns:8}}:Anonnotice]]) would only render on the desktop site. Now, they will render on all platforms. Users on mobile web will now see these notices and be informed. Site administrators should be prepared to test and fix notices on mobile devices to avoid interference with articles. To opt out, interface admins can add <code dir="ltr">#siteNotice { display: none; }</code> to [[{{ns:8}}:Minerva.css]].</span> [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T138572][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416644] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:19}} {{PLURAL:19|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. <span class="mw-translate-fuzzy">Sebagai contoh, sebuah masalah di [[Special:RecentChanges|Istimewa:PerubahanTerbaru]] telah diperbaiki. Sebelumnya, ketika pengguna mengeklik sembunyikan pada penyaring aktif, tombol "lihat perubahan baru sejak…" ikut menghilang, padahal seharusnya tetap ditampilkan. Kini, tombol tersebut telah berfungsi dan ditampilkan sebagaimana mestinya.</span> [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406339] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * <span class="mw-translate-fuzzy">Dokumentasi baru kini tersedia untuk membantu para penyunting menelusuri dan mendiagnosis masalah pada fitur pencarian di situs. Dokumentasi ini mendukung proses pemecahan masalah ketika halaman tidak muncul dalam hasil pencarian, ketika peringkat hasil terasa tidak sesuai, dan ketika perlu memeriksa konten apa saja yang sedang diindeks. Dengan demikian, perilaku pencarian menjadi lebih mudah dipahami dan dianalisis. [[mw:Help:CirrusSearch/Debug|Pelajari lebih lanjut]].</span> [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411169] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.16|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/08|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W08"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16 Fèbruari 2026 19.16 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30086330 --> == ''The Signpost'': 17 February 2026 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''</div> <div style="column-count:2;"> * In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-02-17/In the media|Global powers see Wikipedia as fundamental target for manipulation]] * News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-02-17/News and notes|Discussions open for the next WMF Annual Plan]] * Serendipity: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-02-17/Serendipity|Maintenance crews continue to slog through Wikipedia's oldest Featured Articles]] * Disinformation report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-02-17/Disinformation report|Epstein's obsessions]] * Technology report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-02-17/Technology report|Wikidata Graph Split and how we address major challenges]] * Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-02-17/Traffic report|Deaths, killings, films, and the Olympics]] * Opinion: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-02-17/Opinion|Incoming Incurables]] * Crossword: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-02-17/Crossword|Pop quiz]] * Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-02-17/Comix|herculean]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 17 Fèbruari 2026 08.03 (UTC) <!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --></div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:JPxG@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&oldid=30039447 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-09</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W09"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/09|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Reference Check|Pemeriksaan Referensi]] kini telah diterapkan di Wikipedia bahasa Inggris, menandai selesainya peluncuran fitur ini di seluruh Wikipedia. Fitur tersebut mendorong pengguna baru untuk menambahkan rujukan sebelum memublikasikan konten baru, sehingga membantu menekan pembatalan suntingan akibat kekurangan rujukan dan meningkatkan keterverifikasian. Hasil pengujian A/B menunjukkan dampak yang kuat: pengguna baru yang ditampilkan Pemeriksaan Rujukan sekitar 2,2 kali lebih sering menambahkan rujukan di desktop dan sekitar 17,5 kali lebih sering di web seluler. [https://analytics.wikimedia.org/published/reports/editing/reference_check_ab_test_report_final_2025.html] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:InterwikiSorting|Ekstensi InterwikiSorting]], yang sebelumnya memungkinkan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interwiki sorting order|pengurutan pranala antarwiki]], telah dinonaktifkan di Wikipedia. Dampaknya, penyunting yang mengaktifkan pengurutan pranala antarwiki dalam mode tidak ringkas (format daftar penuh) kini akan melihat urutan pranala berubah. Ke depannya, pranala antarwiki akan ditampilkan berdasarkan urutan alfabet kode bahasa. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T253764] * Mulai akhir pekan ini, pengguna yang menyunting suatu bagian halaman menggunakan VisualEditor seluler akan melihat tombol baru "Sunting seluruh halaman". Dengan mengetuk tombol tersebut, pengguna dapat langsung menyunting keseluruhan artikel. Fitur ini memudahkan ketika perubahan yang ingin dilakukan ternyata berada di luar bagian yang awalnya dibuka. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T387175][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409112] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Tim Pengalaman Pembaca]] mengundang para penyunting untuk menilai apakah mode gelap masih perlu dianggap sebagai fitur beta di wiki masing-masing berdasarkan pengalaman penggunaan dan kinerjanya di perangkat desktop maupun seluler. Apabila fitur ini dinilai telah matang, para penyunting dapat memperbarui pesan antarmuka di <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:skin-theme-description</code> dan <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Vector-night-mode-beta-tag</code> untuk menunjukkan bahwa mode gelap telah siap digunakan dan tidak lagi berstatus beta. * [[mw:Wikimedia_Apps/Team/iOS/Activity_Tab|Tab Aktivitas]] yang telah ditingkatkan dan menampilkan wawasan pengguna kini tersedia untuk seluruh pengguna aplikasi Wikipedia iOS (versi 7.9.0 dan yang lebih baru). Setelah uji A/B sebelumnya menunjukkan peningkatan jumlah pembuatan akun pada pengguna yang memiliki akses ke fitur ini, pembaruan tersebut kini diluncurkan kepada 100% pengguna, dan disertai dengan sejumlah penyempurnaan. Tab Aktivitas kini menampilkan artikel-artikel yang telah disunting dalam lini masa, menyajikan wawasan dampak penyuntingan seperti jumlah kontribusi dan tren kunjungan artikel, serta menyediakan opsi penyesuaian untuk meningkatkan pengalaman penggunaan aplikasi. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:21}} {{PLURAL:21|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Contohnya, sebuah kekutu yang sebelumnya menyebabkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] tidak berfungsi di perangkat seluler kini telah diperbaiki, sehingga fungsionalitasnya kembali berjalan sepenuhnya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415303] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Daftar Pantauan Global]] memungkinkan pengguna melihat daftar pantauan dari berbagai wiki dalam satu halaman. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|Ekstensi]] yang mendukung fitur ini terus dikembangkan. Pembaruan terbaru menambahkan [[mw:Extension:GlobalWatchlist#hook|kait baru]], <code dir=ltr>ext.globalwatchlist.rebuild</code>, yang dijalankan setiap kali daftar pantauan dibangun ulang. Dengan adanya kait ini, gawai dan skrip pengguna kini dapat dijalankan pada halaman Istimewa tersebut. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T275159] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.17|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/09|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W09"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23 Fèbruari 2026 19.02 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30119102 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-10</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W10"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/10|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments|Mode Ulang Tahun]] ke-25 Wikipedia kini telah tersedia di Wikipedia bahasa Betawi, Breton, Tionghoa, Ceko, Belanda, Inggris, Prancis, Gorontalo, Indonesia, Italia, Luksemburg, Madura, Sisilia, Spanyol, Thai, dan Vietnam. Fitur kampanye waktu terbatas ini merayakan 25 tahun Wikipedia dengan maskot ulang tahun bernama Baby Globe. Saat diaktifkan, Baby Globe akan muncul di [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments/article configuration|sekitar 2.500 artikel]] dan dapat ditemukan oleh para pembaca. Komunitas dapat memilih untuk mengaktifkan Mode Ulang Tahun dengan mencapai konsensus di tingkat komunitas, lalu meminta pengurus untuk mengaktifkan dan menyesuaikan fitur tersebut melalui [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments#Community Configuration Demo|pengaturan komunitas]] di wiki lokal masing-masing. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Fitur baru [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], yang memungkinkan penggunaan ulang rujukan dengan informasi yang berbeda, telah dirilis di Wikipedia bahasa Swedia, Polandia, dan [[:phab:T418209|beberapa wiki lainnya]]. [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#test|Fitur ini dapat dicoba]] di proyek-proyek tersebut atau di testwiki dan [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmcloud.org/wiki/Sub-referencing betawiki]. Pembelajaran dari wiki percontohan pertama, yaitu Wikipedia bahasa Jerman, telah [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing/Learnings|dirilis dalam sebuah laporan]]. Jika [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Pilot wikis|berminat untuk menjadi wiki percontohan]], silakan menghubungi tim Wikimedia Deutschland. * Fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Paste check|Pemeriksaan Tempel]] (''Paste Check'') akan tersedia di seluruh Wikipedia pekan ini. Fitur ini menampilkan pengingat kepada pengguna baru yang menempelkan teks ke dalam VisualEditor yang kemungkinan besar bukan hasil tulisan mereka sendiri agar mempertimbangkan risiko pelanggaran hak cipta. Pemeriksaan Tempel juga [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Tags|menandai]] semua suntingan yang memunculkan pengingat tersebut untuk kemungkinan peninjauan lebih lanjut. Pengurus lokal dapat mengatur berbagai aspek fitur ini melalui [[{{#special:EditChecks}}]]. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Paste Check#A/B Experiment|Penelitian]] di 22 wiki menunjukkan bahwa Pemeriksaan Tempel menghasilkan penurunan relatif sebesar 18% pada suntingan yang dibatalkan dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol. Para penerjemah dapat membantu [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=ext-visualeditor-ve-mw-editcheck&filter=&optional=1&action=translate melokalkan] fitur ini dan fitur terkait lainnya. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Tim Pengalaman Pembaca]] akan melakukan standardisasi menu pengguna di pojok kanan atas bagi seluruh pengguna seluler agar lebih selaras dengan pengalaman di desktop. Saat ini, menu tersebut hanya terlihat oleh pengguna yang mengaktifkan Kontrol Seluler Lanjutan (''Advanced Mobile Controls''/AMC). Perubahan yang dilakukan hanya berupa pemindahan beberapa tombol yang sebelumnya berada di menu sisi kiri ke pojok kanan atas bagi pengguna yang tidak mengaktifkan AMC. Perubahan ini dijadwalkan diterapkan pada 9 Maret dan bertujuan untuk meningkatkan antarmuka pengguna. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413912] * Mulai pekan 2 Maret, surel yang dikirim saat alamat surel pada suatu akun ditambahkan, dihapus, atau diubah akan beralih dari format teks biasa menjadi surel HTML yang tampilannya lebih rapi dan informatif. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T410807] * Saat ini, setiap pengguna dapat menyimpan hingga 2.000 notifikasi lama, dengan riwayat yang mencakup sejak 2013 ketika fitur ini diperkenalkan. Ke depan, sistem akan diubah sehingga hanya notifikasi dari lima tahun terakhir yang disimpan, tetapi dengan kapasitas yang ditingkatkan hingga 10.000 notifikasi. Penyesuaian ini dilakukan untuk menjaga kesehatan infrastruktur dalam jangka panjang sekaligus mengurangi kemungkinan notifikasi terbaru hilang lebih cepat dari yang seharusnya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383948] * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Daftar Pantauan Global]], yang memungkinkan pengguna melihat daftar pantauan dari berbagai wiki dalam satu halaman, terus mengalami penyempurnaan. Pembaruan terbaru meningkatkan pengalaman penggunaan label. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|Ekstensi]] ini kini memungkinkan pengaktifan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Language#Fallback languages|sistem pengganti bahasa]] (''language fallback'') untuk butir Wikidata yang tidak memiliki label dalam bahasa yang sedang ditampilkan, dan menampilkan label tersebut dalam bahasa Wikidata pilihan pengguna apabila tidak ada parameter URL <code dir=ltr>uselang=</code> yang digunakan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373686][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416111] * Tim Wikipedia Android telah memulai uji coba beta fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Information Retrieval/Phase 1|pencarian hibrida]] di Wikipedia bahasa Yunani. Fitur pencarian hibrida ini dapat menangani pencarian berdasarkan makna maupun kata kunci, sehingga pembaca dapat menemukan informasi yang dicari secara lebih mudah langsung di Wikipedia. * Demi meningkatkan keamanan, anggota dari sejumlah kelompok pengguna [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|diwajibkan mengaktifkan autentikasi dua-faktor]] (2FA). Saat ini, 2FA menjadi syarat untuk menggunakan hak akses dalam kelompok tersebut, tetapi belum menjadi syarat untuk tercatat sebagai anggotanya. Karena kebijakan ini masih memiliki beberapa kelemahan, perubahan akan [[phab:T418580|dilakukan secara bertahap mulai bulan Maret]]. Anggota kelompok terkait tidak lagi dapat menonaktifkan satu-satunya metode 2FA yang tersisa di akun mereka. Selain itu, pengguna yang belum mengaktifkan 2FA tidak dapat ditambahkan ke dalam kelompok tersebut. Pengguna tetap dapat menambahkan metode autentikasi baru atau menghapus metode yang ada, selama minimal satu metode 2FA tetap aktif. Pada paruh kedua bulan Maret, pengguna yang belum mengaktifkan 2FA akan dikeluarkan dari kelompok-kelompok ini. Ketentuan ini berlaku untuk pengurus CentralNotice, pemeriksa, pengurus antarmuka, pengawas, staf Wikidata, staf Wikifunctions, WMF Office IT, dan WMF Trust & Safety. Tidak ada perubahan bagi pengguna lainnya. Jadwal pelaksanaan dapat dilihat pada tugas yang ditautkan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418580] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:27}} {{PLURAL:27|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah yang sebelumnya menghalangi pengguna untuk membuat sebuah instans (''instance'') di [https://www.wikibase.cloud/ Wikibase.cloud] kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416807] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Untuk membantu memastikan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|penggunaan infrastruktur yang adil]], dalam satu bulan ke depan Wikimedia Foundation akan menerapkan pembatasan jumlah permintaan (''rate limit'') API secara global pada seluruh API yang digunakan. Pada awal Maret, batas yang lebih ketat akan diberlakukan untuk permintaan yang tidak teridentifikasi dari luar Toolforge/WMCS dan permintaan API yang dilakukan melalui peramban web. Pada bulan April, batas yang lebih tinggi akan diterapkan untuk lalu lintas yang teridentifikasi. Batasan ini sengaja ditetapkan setinggi mungkin agar dampaknya terhadap komunitas tetap minimal. Bot yang berjalan di Toolforge/WMCS atau yang memiliki hak pengguna bot di wiki mana pun untuk saat ini tidak akan terdampak. Meski demikian, semua pengembang dianjurkan untuk mengikuti praktik terbaik yang telah diperbarui. Untuk informasi lebih lanjut, lihat halaman [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]]. * Layanan ''Wikidata Query Service Linked Data Fragment'' (LDF) akan dihentikan pada bulan Februari. Layanan ini hanya melayani lalu lintas yang terbatas, dan penggunaannya telah berhasil dialihkan ke metode akses data lain yang lebih sesuai untuk mendukung kebutuhan yang ada. Perangkat keras yang sebelumnya digunakan untuk mendukung layanan LDF akan dialokasikan kembali guna menunjang proses migrasi sistem bagian belakang yang sedang berlangsung. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415696] * Pengurai Parsoid versi terbaru [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Updates|terus diperluas penggunaannya ke berbagai wiki lainnya]]. Penerapan ini mendukung keberlanjutan sistem dan mempermudah pengembangan fitur baru untuk kegiatan membaca dan penyuntingan. Kini, Parsoid telah menjadi pengurai utama di 488 wiki milik Wikimedia Foundation, termasuk 268 edisi Wikipedia. Cakupan tersebut mewakili lebih dari 10% dari total tayangan halaman di seluruh Wikipedia. * Proses dan kriteria untuk [[Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise#Access|mengajukan akses khusus]] ke umpan data berkapasitas tinggi dari API Wikimedia Enterprise (tanpa biaya untuk penggunaan yang sejalan dengan misi) [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Enterprise#Exceptional access criteria|kini telah dipublikasikan]]. Publikasi ini bertujuan menyediakan dokumentasi yang lebih lengkap dan jelas bagi para pengguna. * [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/ Tech Blog], yang selama ini menjadi blog bagi komunitas teknis Wikimedia, [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2026/02/24/a-tech-blog-diff/ akan digabungkan] ke [[diffblog:|Diff]], blog yang memuat berita dan kegiatan komunitas. Proses penggabungan ini ditargetkan rampung pada April 2026. Setelah proses tersebut selesai, kiriman tulisan baru akan kembali dibuka untuk dipublikasikan. Semua tulisan, baik yang lama dan yang baru, tetap dapat dibaca melalui halaman khusus di https://diff.wikimedia.org/techblog. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.18|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/10|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W10"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 2 Maret 2026 17.51 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30137798 --> == This Month in Education: February 2026 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 15 • Issue 2 • February 2026</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/February 2026|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/February 2026/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Cairo University Spanish Language Volunteers document Madrid’s Historic and Contemporary Palaces|Cairo University Spanish Language Volunteers document Madrid’s Historic and Contemporary Palaces]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Celebrating 25 Years of Wikipedia in Uzbekistan|Celebrating 25 Years of Wikipedia in Uzbekistan]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Encontro da Rede Latino Americana de Inteligência Artificial Feminista: construindo futuros possíveis|Meeting of the Latin American Network of Feminist Artificial Intelligence: building possible futures]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Farewelling the Auckland Museum Summer Students|Farewelling the Auckland Museum Summer Students]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Inclusive Climate Learning with Wikimedia Reaches Special School in Kumasi|Inclusive Climate Learning with Wikimedia Reaches Special School in Kumasi]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Introducing Wikimedia in Academic curriculum for students of higher education in universities of Telangana |Introducing Wikimedia in Academic curriculum for students of higher education in universities of Telangana]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Learning from Finland: Edit-a-thon on Finnish Education set to take place in Belgrade|Learning from Finland: Edit-a-thon on Finnish Education set to take place in Belgrade]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Library of IME-USP Workshop: Edits in History of Mathematics|Library of IME-USP Workshop: Edits in History of Mathematics]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/LitFest 2026: Room to Dream to amplify local voices across Wikimedia|LitFest 2026: Room to Dream to amplify local voices across Wikimedia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/New online workshops for the German language Wikipedia|New online workshops for the German language Wikipedia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Road to Wiki Cohort 1: Building India's Next Generation of Wikimedia Technical Contributors|Road to Wiki Cohort 1: Building India's Next Generation of Wikimedia Technical Contributors]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/The history of the Wikimedia movement in a Brazil: a book about stories and projects|The history of the Wikimedia movement in a Brazil: a book about stories and projects]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Wiki Club Federal Government Boys College Celebrates Mother Tongue Day|Wiki Club Federal Government Boys College Celebrates Mother Tongue Day]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Wiki Club Minalabac joins Freedom to Read 2026: One World, Many Languages|Wiki Club Minalabac joins Freedom to Read 2026: One World, Many Languages]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Wiki Love Folklore Photowalk at Khajuraho Dance Festival 2026|Wiki Love Folklore Photowalk at Khajuraho Dance Festival 2026]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Wiki Loves Fish Workshop Empowers Students to Document Coastal Biodiversity|Wiki Loves Fish Workshop Empowers Students to Document Coastal Biodiversity]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/WikiCendekia 2026: Insights from our training of admins in Indonesia|WikiCendekia 2026: Insights from our training of admins in Indonesia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Wikimedia MKD's activities- new wiki club and a lots of new training workshops|Wikimedia MKD's activities- new wiki club and a lots of new training workshops]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/WikiPatrimoine Senghor : Valorisation du patrimoine culturel africain à l'Université Senghor|WikiPatrimoine Senghor : Valuation of African cultural heritage at the University Senghor]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Wikipedia Turns 25: Young Voices, Big Future|Wikipedia Turns 25: Young Voices, Big Future]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 3 Maret 2026 11.55 (UTC)</div> </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:ZI Jony@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=30155806 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-11</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W11"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/11|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Seluruh wiki akan berada dalam mode hanya-baca]] selama beberapa menit pada Rabu, 25 Maret 2026, [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774450800 pukul 15.00 UTC]. Hal ini dilakukan sebagai bagian dari uji coba pengalihan peladen pusat data ke peladen cadangan, [[wikitech:Deployments/Yearly calendar|yang dilaksanakan dua kali setiap tahun]]. Selama proses pengalihan, seluruh lalu lintas situs web Wikimedia akan dialihkan dari pusat data utama ke pusat data cadangan. Pengujian ini bertujuan memastikan layanan tetap tersedia dan mengurangi kemungkinan gangguan layanan, termasuk dalam keadaan darurat. * Pekan lalu, seluruh wiki sempat berada dalam mode hanya-baca selama sekitar dua jam. Selain itu, skrip pengguna dan gawai juga mengalami gangguan lebih lama dari biasanya. Kejadian ini disebabkan oleh sebuah insiden keamanan yang kini telah ditangani. Langkah-langkah untuk mencegah kejadian serupa masih terus dilakukan. Informasi terkini dapat dilihat pada [[m:Steward's noticeboard#Statement on Meta about today's user script security incident|pengumuman di papan pengumuman penatalayan]] ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Product and Technology/Product Safety and Integrity/March 2026 User Script Incident|tersedia terjemahan]]). '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Pengguna yang terkena beberapa pemblokiran saat mengakses melalui perangkat seluler kini akan melihat alasan untuk setiap pemblokiran secara terpisah, bukan lagi satu pesan umum. Hal ini membantu pengguna memahami alasan pemblokiran yang mereka alami serta langkah-langkah yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengatasinya. Sebagai contoh, pengguna yang terdampak karena menggunakan VPN umum (seperti [[Special:MyLanguage/Apple iCloud Private Relay|iCloud Private Relay]]) akan mendapatkan penjelasan yang lebih jelas mengenai apa yang perlu dilakukan agar dapat kembali menyunting. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T357118] * Pada akhir pekan ini, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Mode Saran]] (''Suggestion Mode'') akan tersedia sebagai fitur beta di penyunting visual di seluruh Wikipedia. Fitur ini memberikan berbagai saran tindakan yang dapat dipertimbangkan untuk memperbaiki artikel Wikipedia, dan membantu pengguna mempelajari pedoman yang relevan. Pengaturan fitur ini dapat disesuaikan oleh setiap wiki dan juga dapat diperluas dengan menambahkan saran khusus. Pengaturan yang saat ini berlaku dapat dilihat di halaman [[Special:EditChecks]]. Selain itu, tersedia [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Suggestion mode#For administrators %E2%80%93 local customization|panduan bagi pengurus untuk menyesuaikan]] pranala agar mengarah ke pedoman lokal. Mode Saran terhubung dengan fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check|Pemeriksaan Suntingan]] yang memberikan saran perbaikan ketika seseorang sedang menulis konten baru. Ke depannya, tim Penyuntingan (''Editing'') berencana menilai dampak fitur ini terhadap pengguna baru melalui sebuah percobaan terkontrol. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404600] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:23}} {{PLURAL:23|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah ketika posisi kursor menjadi tidak selaras saat menggunakan penyorotan sintaks CodeMirror (fitur yang memudahkan pembacaan teks wiki dan kode) kini telah diperbaiki. Masalah ini secara khusus memengaruhi pengguna yang menetapkan aturan jenis huruf dalam lembar gaya tersuai ketika membuat topik baru dengan menggunakan DiscussionTools. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418793] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Pembaruan pembatasan permintaan API: Untuk membantu memastikan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|penggunaan infrastruktur yang adil]], pembatasan jumlah permintaan API secara global akan mulai diterapkan pada minggu ini. Pembatasan ini berlaku untuk permintaan tanpa User-Agent yang sesuai yang berasal dari luar Toolforge/WMCS, serta untuk permintaan API tanpa autentikasi yang dilakukan melalui peramban web. Pada bulan April, batas yang lebih tinggi akan diberlakukan untuk lalu lintas yang teridentifikasi. Bot yang berjalan di Toolforge/WMCS atau yang memiliki hak pengguna bot di wiki mana pun untuk saat ini tidak akan terdampak. Meski demikian, semua pengembang dianjurkan untuk mengikuti praktik terbaik yang telah diperbarui. Untuk informasi lebih lanjut, lihat halaman [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]]. * API GraphQL yang baru kini telah tersedia. API ini dikembangkan sebagai alternatif yang lebih fleksibel untuk beberapa fitur di Wikidata Query Service (WDQS), dengan tujuan meningkatkan kemudahan bagi pengembang, mendukung fleksibilitas penggunaan, dan mempercepat akses data. Pengguna dipersilakan untuk mencoba API ini dan [[d:Wikidata:Wikibase GraphQL#Feedback and development|memberikan masukan]]. Pengembang juga dapat [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/GraphQLAPI/apply mendaftar untuk mengikuti uji kegunaan]. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|Kelompok Kerja untuk Perkakas yang Tidak Didukung]] melanjutkan peningkatan pada [[commons:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons#|Video2Commons]] sepanjang Februari. Pembaruan ini mencakup perbaikan kesalahan autentikasi, penanganan berkas berukuran besar, visibilitas antrean tugas, dan penjelasan yang lebih jelas mengenai proses pengunggahan. Sejumlah pekerjaan masih terus berlangsung di beberapa bagian, termasuk perubahan yang berkaitan dengan metode pengunggahan dari sisi peladen yang sudah tidak digunakan lagi. Baca [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group#February 2026|kabar terkini]] untuk mengetahui informasi selengkapnya. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.19|MediaWiki]] '''Lebih lanjut''' * Tim Panduan Artikel (''Article Guidance'') mengundang penyunting Wikipedia berpengalaman dari sejumlah [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Pilot wikis and collaborators#Collaborators|wiki percontohan]] dan kontributor yang berminat dari Wikipedia lainnya untuk mengisi angket ini. Angket tersebut tersedia dalam [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfmLeVWnxmsCbPoI_UF2jyRcn73WRGWCVPHzerXb4Cz97X_Ag/viewform bahasa Inggris], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSd6rzr4XXQw8r4024fE3geTPFe13M_6w7Mitj-YJi0sOlWTAw/viewform?usp=header Arab], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdok3-RfB18lcugYTUMGkpwmqG_8p760Wv4dCXitOXOszjUDw/viewform?usp=header Bengali], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfjTfYp4jEo0akA4B1e-Nfg3QZPCudUjhJzHzzDi6AHyAaMGA/viewform?usp=header Jepang], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScteVoI29Aue4xc72dekk-6RYtvmMgQxzMI900UOawrFrSTWg/viewform?usp=header Portugis], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSetdxnYwL3ub2vqA7awCg5hJZPMIYcDPaiTe12rY9h0GYnVlw/viewform?usp=header Persia], dan [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScNvfJF-Ot-4pzA4qAN771_0QDJ4Li19YcUsaTgSKW8Nc7U_Q/viewform?usp=header Turki]. Jawaban yang diberikan akan membantu tim untuk menyesuaikan panduan bagi penyunting yang kurang berpengalaman, sekaligus membantu mereka mempelajari kebijakan dan praktik komunitas saat membuat artikel. Informasi lebih lanjut dapat dilihat di [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|halaman proyek tersebut]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/11|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W11"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 9 Maret 2026 18.52 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30213008 --> == ''The Signpost'': 10 March 2026 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''</div> <div style="column-count:2;"> * Interview: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Interview|Bernadette Meehan, new Wikimedia Foundation CEO]] * News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/News and notes|Security testing unleashes computer worm on Meta-wiki]] * Special report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Special report|What actually happened during the Wikimedia security incident?]] * In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/In the media|Indonesian government blocks Wikimedia logins; archive site scoured from Wikipedia after owner runs malware]] * Recent research: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Recent research|To wiki, perchance to groki]] * Obituary: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Obituary|Madhav Gadgil, Fredrick Brennan, Mark Miller, Chip Berlet]] * Opinion: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Opinion|Interface administrators and trusting trust]] * Technology report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Technology report|English Wikipedia deprecates archive.today after DDoS against blog, altered content]] * Op-ed: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Op-ed|Why is "Trypsin-sensitive photosynthetic activities in chloroplast membranes" cited in "List of tallest buildings in Chicago"?]] * Essay: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Essay|The pursuit of a button click]] * In focus: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/In focus|Short descriptions: One year later]] * WikiProject report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/WikiProject report|Unreferenced articles backlog drive]] * Community view: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Community view|Speaking of planning ...]] * Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Traffic report|Over the mountain, kissing silver inlaid clouds]] * Crossword: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Crossword|"It will never happen"]] * Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Comix|BRIEn't]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 10 Maret 2026 04.14 (UTC) <!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --></div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:JPxG@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&oldid=30121359 --> == Books & Bytes – Issue 73 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style = "font-size: 1.5em; margin: 0 100px"> [[File:Bookshelf.jpg|right|175px]]</div> <div style = "line-height: 1.2"> <span style="font-size: 2em; font-family: Copperplate, 'Copperplate Gothic Light', serif">'''The Wikipedia Library''': ''Books & Bytes''</span><br /> Issue 73, January–February 2026 </div> <div style = "margin-top: 1.5em; border: 3px solid #ae8c55; border-radius: .5em; padding: 1em 1.5em; font-size: 1.2em"> * Four new partnerships * User survey thanks <big>'''[[:m:The Wikipedia Library/Newsletter/January-February 2026|Read the full newsletter]]'''</big> </div> </div> <small>Sent by [[m:User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] on behalf of The Wikipedia Library team – 11 Maret 2026 12.06 (UTC)</small> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Samwalton9 (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Wikipedia_Library/Newsletter/Recipients&oldid=30224864 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': February 2026 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XVI, Issue II, February 2026</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/From the team|From the team]]: GLAM in 2026 is calling to action! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: A photo safari through Wiki Loves Fashion & a rescue mission with Mission Gourmande! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Czech Republic report|Czech Republic report]]: National Library overview of 2025 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Cultural Heritage and Memory: 2026 GLAM Call and Executed Renaissance Edit-a-thon * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Farewelling the Auckland Museum Summer Students and an update on the NZBSI WiR * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: Wikipedia in Cultural Marketing at Crash Mondays Warsaw * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: February in Wikimedia Serbia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Spain report|Spain report]]: Wikidata in the GLAM context II * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Neocomensia, SAPA, Atelier Winterthur, GLAM-on-Tour Disentis * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: New content in African and Asian languages * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: Updates on work by BHLWiki Working Group members * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: Focus on Indigenous issues * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: March's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 12 Maret 2026 00.51 (UTC)</div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Romaine@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=30232291 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-12</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W12"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/12|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Fitur beta [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]], yang juga dikenal sebagai [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror 6]], telah digunakan untuk penyorotan sintaks teks wiki sejak November 2024. Fitur ini direncanakan keluar dari status beta pada Mei 2026 agar berbagai perbaikan dan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Features|fitur]] baru dapat digunakan oleh semua penyunting yang memakai penyorot sintaks standar. Jika terdapat pertanyaan atau masukan terkait rencana penghapusan status beta pada fitur ini, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help talk:Extension:CodeMirror|silakan disampaikan]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059] * Sebagian perubahan pada kelompok pengguna lokal dilakukan oleh penatalayan di Meta-Wiki dan sebelumnya hanya dicatat di sana. Kini, perubahan hak pengguna lintas wiki akan dicatat di Meta-Wiki dan di wiki tempat pengguna tersebut berada. Langkah ini memudahkan penelusuran riwayat lengkap perubahan hak pengguna di wiki lokal. Catatan perubahan yang terjadi sebelumnya juga akan ditambahkan secara bertahap dalam beberapa minggu mendatang. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T6055] * Pada wiki yang menggunakan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Flagged Revisions|Flagged Revisions]], jumlah perubahan tertunda yang ditampilkan di halaman [[{{#Special:PendingChanges}}]] sebelumnya juga menghitung halaman yang sebenarnya sudah tidak menunggu peninjauan. Hal ini terjadi karena halaman tersebut telah dihapus dari sistem tanpa melalui proses peninjauan, misalnya karena dihapus, dipindahkan ke ruang nama lain, atau akibat perubahan konfigurasi wiki. Kini, jumlah yang ditampilkan telah diperbaiki sehingga lebih akurat. Di beberapa wiki, angka yang terlihat mungkin jauh lebih kecil dibandingkan sebelumnya. Daftar halaman yang ditampilkan seharusnya tidak mengalami perubahan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413016] * Bahasa komposisi yang digunakan di Wikifunctions telah ditulis ulang dan menghasilkan versi bahasa yang baru. Perubahan ini dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kestabilan layanan dengan mengurangi penggunaan memori pada orkestrator. Selain itu, pembaruan ini juga memungkinkan pengurangan waktu tunda secara signifikan, penyederhanaan kode, dan penerapan abstraksi yang lebih baik. Perubahan tersebut membuka peluang bagi pengembangan fitur baru pada tahap berikutnya. Informasi lebih lanjut mengenai [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-11|pembaruan ini]] dapat dibaca pada penjelasan yang tersedia. * Pengguna kini dapat mengurutkan hasil pencarian secara alfabetis berdasarkan judul halaman. Pembaruan ini menambahkan opsi baru yang dapat membantu menemukan halaman dengan lebih mudah dan cepat. Sebelumnya, hasil pencarian hanya dapat diurutkan berdasarkan tanggal penyuntingan, tanggal pembuatan, atau tingkat relevansi. Untuk menggunakan opsi baru ini, buka menu "Pencarian lanjutan" pada halaman hasil pencarian, lalu pilih "Alfabetis" pada bagian "Urutan pengurutan". [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403775] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:28}} {{PLURAL:28|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, kekutu yang sebelumnya membuat UploadWizard di Wikimedia Commons tidak dapat mengimpor berkas dari Flickr kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419263] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Sebuah halaman istimewa baru, [[{{#special:LintTemplateErrors}}]], telah dibuat untuk menampilkan daftar halaman yang ditransklusikan dan ditandai memiliki galat pemeriksaan kode (''lint''). Halaman ini membantu pengguna menemukan kesalahan tersebut dengan lebih mudah. Daftar yang ditampilkan akan diurutkan berdasarkan jumlah transklusi yang mengandung galat. Contohnya dapat dilihat pada halaman [[{{#special:LintTemplateErrors}}/night-mode-unaware-background-color]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T170874] * Pengguna fitur beta [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] telah menggunakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] sebagai pengganti [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] untuk penyorotan sintaks saat menyunting halaman berisi JavaScript, CSS, JSON, Vue, dan Lua sejak beberapa waktu terakhir. Seiring dengan rencana mengeluarkan CodeMirror 6 dari status beta, CodeEditor juga direncanakan akan digantikan sebagai penyunting standar untuk jenis konten tersebut pada Mei 2026. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help talk:Extension:CodeMirror|Masukan atau tanggapan tentang rencana ini sangat dipersilakan]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * Modul JavaScript [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] akan segera diperbarui ke CodeMirror 6. Menjelang pembaruan tersebut, pemuatan modul <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror</code> atau <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror.lib</code> dari gawai dan skrip pengguna telah dinyatakan usang sejak Juli 2025. Penggunaan kait <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror.switch</code> juga telah dinyatakan usang sejak Maret 2025. Kontributor kini dapat menyesuaikan skrip atau gawai mereka agar kompatibel dengan CodeMirror 6. Lihat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror#Gadgets and user scripts|panduan migrasi]] untuk informasi lebih lanjut. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373720] * Tim Antarmuka MediaWiki sedang memperluas cakupan definisi modul REST API agar juga mencakup [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:REST API/Extensions|API dari ekstensi]]. Modul REST API merupakan kelompok titik akhir yang saling berkaitan dan dapat dikelola serta diberi versi secara mandiri. Saat ini, modul tersebut sudah tersedia untuk API [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414470 GrowthExperiments] dan [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419053 Wikifunctions]. Seiring dengan pemindahan API ekstensi ke struktur ini, dokumentasinya akan dipindahkan dari spesifikasi utama MediaWiki OpenAPI dan tampilan REST Sandbox. Selanjutnya, dokumentasi tersebut dapat diakses melalui opsi khusus modul pada menu tarik turun di [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RestSandbox REST Sandbox] (yaitu di [[{{#Special:RestSandbox}}]], yang tersedia di semua proyek wiki). * Ekstensi [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto|Scribunto]] menyediakan berbagai informasi tentang wiki tempat modul digunakan melalui pustaka [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual|mw.site]]. Sejak pekan lalu, pustaka tersebut juga menyediakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#mw.site.wikiId|cara]] untuk mengakses [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Wiki ID|ID wiki]]. Informasi ini dapat digunakan untuk memudahkan pemeliharaan modul yang digunakan di berbagai wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T146616] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.20|MediaWiki]] '''Lebih lanjut''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|Penghargaan Perkakas Terkeren 2026]], yang merayakan berbagai perkakas terbaik yang dikembangkan oleh komunitas, kini telah membuka proses nominasi. Nominasi untuk perkakas favorit dapat diajukan melalui [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/435684?lang=en formulir survei nominasi] paling lambat 23 Maret 2026. Informasi lebih lanjut mengenai privasi dan pengelolaan data dapat dilihat pada [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Coolest_Tool_Award_2026_Survey_Privacy_Statement|pernyataan privasi survei]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/12|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W12"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16 Maret 2026 19.35 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30260505 --> == Request for Comment: VisualEditor automatic reference names == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> Hi, I’m Johannes from [[:m:Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]’s [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes team]]. Apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}}! We are considering to work on [[:m:Community Wishlist/W17|Community Wishlist/W17: Improve VE references' automatic names and reuse]]. This has been a long-term issue for wikitext editors (see e.g. [[:en:WP:VisualEditor/Named references]]) which has been among the top-voted wishes in several [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey|Community Wishlist Surveys]], e.g. [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2017/Editing/VisualEditor: Allow editing of auto-generated references before adding them|2017]], [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2019/Citations/VisualEditor: Allow references to be named|2019]], [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Editing/VisualEditor should use human-like names for references|2022]] or [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Editing/VisualEditor should use proper names for references|2023]]. We would like your input on the [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Proposed solutions|solutions]] proposed on our project page: '''[[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names]]'''. We are considering several options, which can be combined if desired by the community. * Changing the default pattern for automatically generated reference names (currently <code>":n"</code>, e.g. <code>":0"</code>, <code>":1"</code>...) to use the [[:mw:Help:Reference Previews#Exposed reference types|reference type]] instead (e.g. <code>"book_reference-1"</code>). * Providing a simple mechanism for communities to configure a different default name. * Generating automatic reference names based on the [[:en:domain name|domain name]] (if it’s a web citation). * Generating automatic reference names based on template parameters (e.g. "title" or "last"+"first") – defined by the community. === Feedback === [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names|Visit our project page]] to read about our proposal in detail and share your thoughts [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Request for comment|on metawiki]]. '''Please note''': We will only implement a solution if there’s clear consensus among the global community. Our intention is not to build the perfect solution, but to find a simple and lean one that alleviates the pain caused by auto generated names. We are aware that some experienced VisualEditor users might prefer an option to manually change reference names in VisualEditor, but such a UX intervention is difficult to achieve across reference types and thus out of scope for our team, we can only improve the auto-naming mechanism. We are happy about suggestions for improving certain details of the proposed solutions. Any other feedback and alternative proposals are also welcome – even though it’s out of scope for us, it might still be relevant for future work on this topic. Please support us interpreting consensus by clearly indicating your opinion (e.g. by using support/neutral/oppose templates). We are aware of [[:en:WP:NOTVOTE]], but given that we are facilitating this discussion with users from different wikis, potentially commenting in their native language, clearly indicating your position helps us avoid misunderstandings. Thank you for participating!</div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|Johannes Richter (WMDE)]] ([[User talk:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|parembugan]])</bdi> 19 Maret 2026 11.15 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Johannes Richter (WMDE)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johannes_Richter_(WMDE)/MassMessageRecipients&oldid=30281362 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-13</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W13"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/13|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Pengguna situs Wikimedia kini dapat masuk log ke akun mereka tanpa menggunakan kata sandi melalui penggunaan kunci sandi (''passkey''). Metode ini merupakan cara yang aman dan didukung oleh autentikasi seperti sidik jari, pengenalan wajah, atau PIN. Dengan adanya perubahan ini, semua pengguna yang memilih masuk log tanpa kata sandi akan merasakan proses yang lebih mudah, lebih cepat, dan lebih aman saat mengakses akun mereka dari berbagai perangkat. Opsi masuk menggunakan kunci sandi saat ini ditampilkan sebagai saran pengisian otomatis pada kolom nama pengguna. Dalam waktu dekat, [[phab:T417120|tombol tambahan "Masuk log dengan kunci sandi"]] juga akan tersedia bagi pengguna yang telah mendaftarkan kunci sandi mereka sebelumnya. Pembaruan ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan keamanan sekaligus memberikan pengalaman pengguna yang lebih baik. [[c:File:Passwordless_login_screencast.webm|Rekaman layar]] yang disertakan memperlihatkan proses masuk log tanpa kata sandi secara bertahap, langkah demi langkah. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Seluruh wiki akan berada dalam mode hanya-baca]] selama beberapa menit pada Rabu, 25 Maret 2026 [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774450800 pukul 15.00 UTC]. Hal ini dilakukan dalam rangka pengujian pencadangan melalui pengalihan peladen pusat data (''datacenter server switchover'') yang [[wikitech:Deployments/Yearly calendar|dilaksanakan dua kali setiap tahun]]. Selama proses pengalihan tersebut, seluruh lalu lintas situs web Wikimedia akan dipindahkan dari pusat data utama ke pusat data cadangan. Langkah ini bertujuan untuk menguji ketersediaan layanan sekaligus memastikan bahwa layanan tetap dapat berjalan tanpa gangguan, bahkan dalam situasi darurat. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Pengguna situs Wikimedia kini dapat mengekspor notifikasi mereka yang berusia lebih dari lima tahun dengan menggunakan sebuah [[toolforge:echo-chamber|perkakas baru di Toolforge]]. Fitur ini memungkinkan pengguna untuk tetap menyimpan notifikasi penting mereka, sekaligus menghindari risiko terhapusnya notifikasi tersebut seiring rencana penghapusan notifikasi yang berusia lebih dari lima tahun, sebagaimana telah diumumkan sebelumnya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383948] * Para penyunting Wikipedia dalam bahasa Indonesia, Thai, Turki, dan Simple English kini memiliki akses ke Special:PersonalDashboard. Fitur ini merupakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Dashboard|versi awal dari sebuah pengalaman]] yang dirancang untuk memperkenalkan alur kerja patroli kepada penyunting yang lebih baru, sehingga mereka dapat beralih secara lebih mudah dari sekadar melakukan suntingan menuju keterlibatan dalam tugas moderasi yang lebih lanjut di proyek mereka. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402647] * Halaman [[Special:Block]] kini mengalami dua perubahan kecil pada antarmukanya. Pengurus kini dapat dengan lebih mudah menetapkan pemblokiran tanpa batas waktu melalui tombol pilihan (''radio button'') khusus yang tersedia pada bagian masa berlaku. Selain itu, ketika masa berlaku tanpa batas dipilih, akan muncul kumpulan alasan umum yang berbeda untuk dipilih, yang dapat disesuaikan melalui halaman [[MediaWiki:Ipbreason-indef-dropdown]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401823] * Para penyunting seluler [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#Logged-out|di beberapa wiki]] kini dapat melihat peringatan penyuntingan dalam keadaan belum masuk log (''logged-out'') yang telah ditingkatkan, berkat pembaruan terbaru dari tim Pertumbuhan. Perubahan yang dirilis pada pekan lalu ini merupakan bagian dari upaya dan pengujian yang berkelanjutan untuk meningkatkan pengalaman [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|pembuatan akun di perangkat seluler]], dan mendorong peningkatan partisipasi pengguna. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408484] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:36}} {{PLURAL:36|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, galat yang sebelumnya menyebabkan pengguna web seluler tidak dapat melihat informasi pemblokiran ketika mereka terdampak oleh beberapa pemblokiran sekaligus kini telah diperbaiki. Kini, saat mengakses Wikipedia, mereka dapat melihat pesan dari seluruh pemblokiran yang sedang berlaku terhadap akun atau alamat IP mereka. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Citra yang dibangun menggunakan Toolforge dalam waktu dekat akan mendapatkan pembaruan versi ''buildpacks'' (kumpulan skrip dan konfigurasi untuk membangun aplikasi secara otomatis), yang menghadirkan dukungan bagi versi bahasa pemrograman yang lebih baru serta berbagai peningkatan dan perbaikan dari sumber pengembang utama (''upstream''). Jika menggunakan Toolforge Build Service, disarankan untuk meninjau surel terbaru dari [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/cloud-announce@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EMYTA32EV2V5SQ2JIEOD2CL66YFIZEKV/ milis cloud-announce] dan memperbarui konfigurasi ''build'' sesuai kebutuhan, guna memastikan bahwa perkakas yang digunakan tetap kompatibel dengan perubahan tersebut. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:Toolforge/Building_container_images&oldid=2392097#Buildpack_environment_upgrade_process][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380127] * Wiki dokumentasi [https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page API Portal] akan ditutup pada Juni 2026. Kunci API yang dibuat melalui API Portal akan tetap berfungsi sebagaimana mestinya. Titik akhir api.wikimedia.org akan dihentikan secara bertahap mulai Juli 2026. Dokumentasi yang sebelumnya tersedia di API Portal sedang dipindahkan ke [[mw:Wikimedia APIs|mediawiki.org]]. Informasi lebih lanjut dapat dipelajari melalui [[wikitech:API Portal/Deprecation|halaman proyek]] yang tersedia. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.21|MediaWiki]] '''Lebih lanjut''' * Tim [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]] (inisiatif dari Wikimedia Deutschland yang berfokus pada pengembangan fitur berdasarkan kebutuhan teknis komunitas) tengah mempertimbangkan peningkatan pada [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names|penamaan referensi yang dihasilkan secara otomatis di VisualEditor]]. Para pengguna dipersilakan untuk meninjau [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Proposed solutions|solusi yang diusulkan]] serta berpartisipasi dalam proses [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Request for comment|permintaan tanggapan]] yang sedang berlangsung. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/13|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W13"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23 Maret 2026 16.50 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30268305 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-14</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W14"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/14|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Versi Beta dari [[abstract:|Abstract Wikipedia]], proyek baru Wikimedia yang tidak terikat dengan bahasa, telah diluncurkan pada pekan lalu. Proyek ini memungkinkan berbagai komunitas untuk menyusun artikel Wikipedia dalam bahasa asli mereka, yang kemudian dapat dengan mudah diakses oleh pengguna lain dalam bahasa masing-masing. Wiki ini dijalankan melalui serangkaian instruksi dari Wikifunctions, dan didukung oleh konten terstruktur yang berasal dari Wikidata. [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-26|Baca selengkapnya]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Tim Pertumbuhan (''Growth'') sedang menjalankan uji A/B untuk mengevaluasi pesan yang lebih jelas dan ramah pengguna dalam mendorong pembuatan akun di berbagai wiki. Saat ini, ketika pengguna seluler yang belum masuk log mulai melakukan penyuntingan, mereka akan dihadapkan pada pesan peringatan yang terasa mendadak dan dapat mengurangi minat untuk melanjutkan kontribusi. Selain itu, kondisi ini juga menjadikan penyuntingan dengan akun sementara sebagai pilihan bawaan, alih-alih mendorong pengguna untuk membuat akun. Uji coba ini berlangsung di sepuluh Wikipedia, termasuk Wikipedia bahasa Arab, Prancis, Spanyol, dan Jerman. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#2. Improve logged-out warning message (T415160)|Baca selengkapnya]]. * Tim Aplikasi Wikimedia (''Wikimedia Apps'') mengundang Anda untuk memberi masukan mengenai [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Future of Editing on the Mobile Apps|cara proses penyuntingan seharusnya bekerja di aplikasi seluler Wikipedia]]. Diskusi ini berfokus pada upaya meningkatkan cara pengguna mengakses berbagai alat penyuntingan saat mereka mengetuk tombol "Sunting". Inisiatif ini merupakan bagian dari upaya yang lebih luas untuk mengarahkan para pembaca yang mulai tertarik menyunting agar dapat menemukan jalur yang lebih ramah pengguna ketika mereka mulai berkontribusi. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:45}} {{PLURAL:45|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, sebuah masalah ketika pengambilan sitasi dari arsip surat kabar besar [https://www.newspapers.com Newspapers.com] tidak lagi berfungsi, akibat adanya pemblokiran pada permintaan di [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid|Citoid]], kini telah berhasil diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419903] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.22|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/14|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W14"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 30 Maret 2026 19.25 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30329462 --> == ''The Signpost'': 31 March 2026 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''</div> <div style="column-count:2;"> * News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-31/News and notes|Entirety of Wikinews to be shut down]] * In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-31/In the media|AI ban, newspapers disrupt archiving; and antisemitism complaints]] * Community view: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-31/Community view|Videos from WikiConference North America 2025 in NYC]] * Disinformation report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-31/Disinformation report|Cleaning up after Jeffrey Epstein, Peter Nygard, and Mohamed Al-Fayed]] * WikiConference report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-31/WikiConference report|WikiConference North America 2025 in NYC review]] * Obituary: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-31/Obituary|Dr. Subas Chandra Rout]] * Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-31/Traffic report|Call in the dogs of war, soldier of fortune]] * Gallery: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-31/Gallery|Canadian Rangers participate in Operation ''Enduring Encyclopedia'']] * Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-31/Comix|n00bsitting]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 31 Maret 2026 10.08 (UTC) <!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --></div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:JPxG@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&oldid=30329870 --> == Join the sixth Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia 2026.png|right|250px|thumb|link=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ukraine%27s_Cultural_Diplomacy_Month_2026|Join our campaign!]] {{int:please-translate}} Dear Wikipedians! [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the sixth edition of writing challenge "'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''", which lasts from '''1st April''' until '''30th April 2026'''. The initiative aims to promote knowledge about Ukrainian culture abroad by creating and improving Wikipedia articles in multiple languages. This year marks the sixth edition of the campaign, which will focus on contemporary culture, making today’s artistic voices and practices more visible to international audiences. 🧩'''How to participate?''' Choose an article from the suggested list → Write an article in your language, or improve an existing one according to the rules → Add your contribution to the contest page and calculate your points → Win prizes and receive a certificate of participation → Become a promoter of truthful knowledge about Ukraine. 🧩'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Check our main page for more information]]'''. '''If you are interested in coordinating long-term community engagement for the campaign and becoming a local ambassador, we would love to hear from you! Please let us know your interest.''' If not, then we encourage you to translate the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|landing page of the contest]] and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MessageGroupStats?group=Centralnotice-tgroup-UCDM2026banner&messages=&language=en&x=D banner] into your own language. Also, we set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in this challenge! [[:m:User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|talk]]) 04:35, 1 April 2026 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:OlesiaLukaniuk_(WMUA)/list_of_wikis&oldid=28552112 --> == This Month in Education: March 2026 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 15 • Issue 3 • March 2026</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/March 2026|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/March 2026/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Advancing 21st-Century Education: Proposal to Establish the Yorùbá Wikipedia Fan Club at Arolu College of Education, Ilemona|Advancing 21st-Century Education: Proposal to Establish the Yorùbá Wikipedia Fan Club at Arolu College of Education, Ilemona]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Awareness Programme on Language and Culture Protection by KWUG|Awareness Programme on Language and Culture Protection by KWUG]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Teachers from Various Institutions in Rio de Janeiro Explore Wikipedia as a Means of Preserving Memory and Checking Sources|Teachers from Various Institutions in Rio de Janeiro Explore Wikipedia as a Means of Preserving Memory and Checking Sources]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Edu Wiki Nigeria Co-Founder Facilitates Textbook Donation to AHAJAS Integrated School, Gombe|Edu Wiki Nigeria Co-Founder Facilitates Textbook Donation to AHAJAS Integrated School, Gombe]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Inside Wikimedia Ukraine's education program|Inside Wikimedia Ukraine's education program]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Karavali Wikimedians at Mangaluru Design Summit 2026|Karavali Wikimedians at Mangaluru Design Summit 2026]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/One School, One Article Campaign Wrap Up|One School, One Article Campaign Wrap Up]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Seeds of Knowledge: A Wiki Project that Sparked a Community at ADUN|Seeds of Knowledge: A Wiki Project that Sparked a Community at ADUN]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Student workshops at Serbian Universities: enriching Wikipedia with topics on culture and technology|Student workshops at Serbian Universities: enriching Wikipedia with topics on culture and technology]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/The Open Knowledge Alliance: Wikimedia and Libraries|The Open Knowledge Alliance: Wikimedia and Libraries]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Wikimedia CR published updated guide for beginners|Wikimedia CR published updated guide for beginners]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Wikimedia goes back to the classroom in Brazil|Wikimedia goes back to the classroom in Brazil]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Workshop on Feminism and Folklore 2026 by Wiki Club SATI|Workshop on Feminism and Folklore 2026 by Wiki Club SATI]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/“Wikimedia MKD in Action: Teacher Conferences and Education Activities|“Wikimedia MKD in Action: Teacher Conferences and Education Activities]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Wikipedia & Libraries: Building New Contributors|Wikipedia & Libraries: Building New Contributors]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 1 April 2026 10.21 (UTC)</div> </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:ZI Jony@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=30317659 --> == Action Required: Update templates/modules for electoral maps (Migrating from P1846 to P14226) == Hello everyone, This is a notice regarding an ongoing data migration on Wikidata that may affect your election-related templates and Lua modules (such as <code>Module:Itemgroup/list</code>). '''The Change:'''<br /> Currently, many templates pull electoral maps from Wikidata using the property [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]], combined with the qualifier [[:d:Property:P180|P180]]: [[:d:Q19571328|Q19571328]]. We are migrating this data (across roughly 4,000 items) to a newly created, dedicated property: '''[[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]]'''. '''What You Need To Do:'''<br /> To ensure your templates and infoboxes do not break or lose their maps, please update your local code to fetch data from [[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]] instead of the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] + [[:d:Property:P180|P180]] structure. A [[m:Wikidata/Property Migration: P1846 to P14226/List|list of pages]] was generated using Wikimedia Global Search. '''Deadline:'''<br /> We are temporarily retaining the old data on [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] to allow for a smooth transition. However, to complete the data cleanup on Wikidata, the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] statements will be removed after '''May 1, 2026'''. Please update your modules and templates before this date to prevent any disruption to your wiki's election articles. Let us know if you have any questions or need assistance with the query logic. Thank you for your help! [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] using [[Naraguna:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Parembugan Naraguna:MediaWiki message delivery|rembugan]]) 3 April 2026 17.09 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:ZI Jony@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29905755 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-15</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W15"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/15|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|Ekstensi CampaignEvents]] kini dilengkapi dengan fitur baru untuk penetapan tujuan kelompok, yang memungkinkan para penyelenggara menetapkan dan memantau target acara, seperti jumlah artikel yang dibuat dan jumlah kontributor yang berpartisipasi, secara langsung. Di sisi lain, para peserta juga dapat bergerak menuju target bersama dan melihat dampak kolektif yang dihasilkan seiring berlangsungnya acara. Fitur ini kini telah tersedia di seluruh wiki Wikimedia. Pelajari lebih lanjut dalam [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Collaborative contributions#Goal setting|dokumentasinya]]. * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Daftar keinginan]] Fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist labels|label daftar pantauan]] yang baru (yang diumumkan dalam [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Berita Teknis 2026-07]]) kini telah tersedia melalui VisualEditor, penyunting sumber, dan "''watchstar''" (pranala pantau). Sebelumnya, pemberian label hanya dapat dilakukan melalui [[Special:EditWatchlist|EditWatchlist]]. Kini, di ketiga tempat tersebut, tersedia kolom baru yang terletak setelah kolom masa kedaluwarsa. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:23}} {{PLURAL:23|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah pada halaman pembicaraan di perangkat seluler yang menggunakan Parsoid, yang membuat halaman menjadi tidak dapat digunakan setelah munculnya tajuk bagian yang kosong, kini telah berhasil diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419171] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Fitur subreferensi]], yang memungkinkan penyunting menambahkan keterangan pada referensi yang sudah ada tanpa perlu membuatnya dua kali, akan diluncurkan secara bertahap ke [[phab:T414094|lebih banyak wiki]] pada akhir tahun ini. Wiki yang menggunakan gawai [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]] dianjurkan untuk memperbarui versinya (umumnya berada di [[m:MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js|MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js]] seperti ditunjukkan [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=1344408362 di sini]) guna menjaga kompatibilitas. Gawai lain yang berkaitan dengan referensi juga berpotensi terdampak. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416304] * Seluruh edisi Wikinews dijadwalkan untuk ditutup dan dialihkan ke mode hanya-baca pada 4 Mei 2026. Meskipun seluruh konten tetap dapat diakses, tidak akan ada lagi penyuntingan atau penambahan artikel baru. Keputusan penutupan ini telah disetujui oleh Dewan Pengawas Wikimedia Foundation setelah melalui rangkaian diskusi yang panjang. [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard#Board of Trustees Approves Closure of Wikinews|Baca selengkapnya]]. * [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Action API|API tindakan]] (''action API'') selama ini menyediakan berbagai format keluaran sesuai permintaan. Salah satunya, yaitu <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>format=php</nowiki></code></bdi>, akan segera dihentikan. Oleh karena itu, pastikan skrip atau bot yang Anda gunakan telah beralih ke [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Data formats#Output|format JSON]]. Perubahan ini diperkirakan hanya akan berdampak pada sebagian kecil skrip dan bot. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T118538] * Halaman [[Special:NamespaceInfo|Special:NamespaceInfo]] kini juga memuat nama lain (alias) ruang nama. Sebagai contoh, "WP" digunakan sebagai alias untuk ruang nama "Project" ("Wikipedia") di Wikipedia bahasa Jerman. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381455] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.23|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/15|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W15"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 6 April 2026 16.18 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30362761 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': March 2026 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XVI, Issue III, March 2026</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/From the team|From the team]]: GLAM in Equinox * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Wikigap 2026 in Tirana, Albania * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Aruba report|Aruba report]]: Celebrating 20 Years of Papiamentu/o Wikipedia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Bolivia report|Bolivia report]]: The Family Treasures Project Returns, with New GLAM Partners * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Wiki Loves Folklore Brazil defines six categories to represent Brazilian culture on Commons * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Colombia report|Colombia report]]: Architecture in the public domain in libraries in Nariño/Arquitectura en dominio público en bibliotecas nariñenses * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Czech Republic report|Czech Republic report]]: Main Wikimedian in Residence report for 2025 is here * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Germany report|Germany report]]: Art History Loves Wiki 2026 – digital/local. collection loves wiki * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/India report|India report]]: Collaboration resumes with the British Library for Bangla Wikisource * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: 2026 winners projects * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: New Zealand Bioeconomy Science Institute Wikimedian in Residence update, a letter published in Nature & Architecture + Women NZ * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: Wikimedia MKD's GLAM Highlights: Botany and Beyond * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Portugal report|Portugal report]]: March in Portugal * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: March in Wikimedia Serbia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Looking for similar images * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: GLAM Wiki Group, Donna, CoCreation PTT-Archive * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: CILIP MDG 2026 Conference, Library meetups and the World's Enamels * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Ukraine report|Ukraine report]]: Spring 2026 news from Ukraine – Wiki Loves Folklore & more #1Lib1Ref * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: MoMA's International Traveling Exhibitions and Wikidata on the LD4 Arts Affinity Group April Community Call * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: Updates on work by BHL-Wiki Working Group members * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/AvoinGLAM report|AvoinGLAM report]]: Oulu Löyly * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: Indigenous languages on the Main Page * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: April's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 9 April 2026 18.19 (UTC)</div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Romaine@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=30344683 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-16</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W16"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/16|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Para penyunting berpengalaman diundang untuk [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Main_Page menguji] fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Panduan artikel]], yang dirancang untuk membantu penyunting dengan pengalaman lebih terbatas dalam membuat artikel Wikipedia yang terstruktur dengan baik dan sesuai dengan kebijakan yang berlaku. Petunjuk pengujian telah [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Test feature guide|tersedia]] dan dapat diikuti sebagai panduan. Setelah meninjau [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_article_guidance kerangka artikel] yang disediakan, mohon memberikan umpan balik melalui [[mw:Talk:Article guidance|halaman pembicaraan proyek]]. Masukan tersebut akan digunakan untuk menyempurnakan fitur ini sebelum kemudian diterapkan pada Wikipedia percontohan untuk diterjemahkan dan disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan setiap komunitas. Sebuah [[c:File:Article Guidance workflow demo - April 2026.webm|video]] penjelasan mengenai fitur ini juga tersedia untuk disimak. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Di sejumlah besar wiki, kini semua pengguna yang telah terkonfirmasi otomatis (''autoconfirmed users'') dapat menggunakan halaman [[Special:ChangeContentModel|Special:ChangeContentModel]] untuk [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:ChangeContentModel|membuat halaman baru dengan model konten khusus]], seperti daftar pesan massal, sehingga format halaman tersuai menjadi lebih mudah diakses. Untuk mengetahui statusnya di wiki masing-masing, silakan periksa halaman [[Special:ListGroupRights|Special:ListGroupRights]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248294] * Tim Pertumbuhan (''Growth'') telah meluncurkan sebuah [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account_Creation_Experiments|eksperimen pembuatan akun]] untuk mengevaluasi apakah penambahan tombol pembuatan akun pada bagian kepala halaman versi web seluler dapat meningkatkan jumlah pendaftaran akun baru sekaligus mendorong lebih banyak pengguna seluler untuk berkontribusi di berbagai wiki. Saat ini, eksperimen tersebut sedang berlangsung di Wikipedia bahasa Hindi, Indonesia, Bengali, Thai, dan Ibrani, serta menyasar 10% pengguna web seluler yang belum masuk log. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:30}} {{PLURAL:30|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, kendala yang menyebabkan VisualEditor berhenti pada proses pemuatan di perangkat Windows ketika animasi dinonaktifkan, kini telah berhasil diatasi. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382856] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Mulai akhir pekan ini, {{int:group-abusefilter}} yang telah mengaktifkan fitur beta [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] akan menggunakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] sebagai penyunting di halaman [[Special:AbuseFilter|Special:AbuseFilter]], menggantikan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]]. Perubahan ini merupakan bagian dari upaya yang lebih luas untuk menciptakan pengalaman pengguna yang lebih konsisten di berbagai jenis penyunting. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399673][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * Perkakas dan bot yang mengakses [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Notifications/API|API Notifications]] melalui <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=query&meta=notifications</nowiki></code></bdi> perlu memperbarui izin OAuth atau BotPassword mereka agar juga mencakup akses ke notifikasi privat. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T421991] * Karena adanya pembaruan pustaka, urutan daftar pada halaman kategori mungkin akan menjadi tidak berurutan mulai Senin, 20 April. Sebuah skrip migrasi akan dijalankan untuk memperbaikinya, dan proses ini dapat berlangsung dari beberapa jam hingga beberapa hari, tergantung pada ukuran wiki (bahkan hingga sekitar satu minggu untuk Wikipedia bahasa Inggris). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T422544] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.24|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/16|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W16"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 13 April 2026 15.18 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30380527 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-17</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W17"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/17|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Setelah dua tahun pengembangan, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]], yang juga dikenal sebagai [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror 6]], akan diluncurkan dari tahap beta pada Selasa, 21 April. Fitur ini membawa peningkatan keterbacaan kode dan teks wiki, pengurangan kesalahan pengetikan, beserta [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|manfaat]] lainnya bagi semua pengguna penyorot sintaks standar. Ucapan terima kasih yang sebesar-besarnya kepada sukarelawan [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/p/Bhsd/ Bhsd] yang telah mengembangkan banyak fitur baru, termasuk [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Code folding|pelipatan kode]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Autocompletion|pelengkapan otomatis]], dan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|pemeriksaan sintaks]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059] * Sebuah pembaruan besar untuk aplikasi Wikipedia di iOS kini sedang diluncurkan, dengan antarmuka yang didesain ulang agar selaras dengan desain visual terbaru Apple, "Liquid Glass". Silakan [https://apps.apple.com/us/app/wikipedia/id324715238 unduh versi terbaru] dan telusuri pembaruannya. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|Daftar bacaan]] merupakan fitur yang memungkinkan para pembaca menyimpan artikel ke dalam daftar untuk dibaca nanti. Fitur ini sedang dalam tahap beta di Wikipedia bahasa Arab, Prancis, Indonesia, Vietnam, dan Mandarin, serta secara bawaan untuk semua akun baru di semua Wikipedia. * Percobaan yang mengeksplorasi perluasan fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews|Pratinjau Halaman ke versi seluler]] akan diluncurkan pada pekan tanggal 20 April di Wikipedia bahasa Arab, Inggris, Prancis, Italia, Polandia, dan Vietnam. Pratinjau Halaman merupakan jendela sembulan yang menampilkan keluku, paragraf pembuka, dan pranala untuk membuka artikel lengkap dari pranala berwarna biru, sehingga memudahkan pengguna dalam menemukan konten. Fitur ini sudah tersedia di versi desktop dan aplikasi. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/List of experiments in Product and Technology#Template|Lihat selengkapnya mengenai uji coba ini dan uji coba lainnya]]. * Di beberapa wiki, para penyunting yang sudah masuk log tetapi belum [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email confirmation|mengonfirmasi alamat surel mereka]] sekarang dapat melihat spanduk yang meminta mereka untuk lakukan hal tersebut. Dengan memiliki alamat surel yang terkonfirmasi, pengguna dapat memulihkan akses ke akunnya jika akun tersebut tidak dapat diakses. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security#Encouraging users to confirm their email addresses|Baca selengkapnya]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T421366] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:15}} {{PLURAL:15|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah yang menyebabkan pemuatan lambat, tampilan pratinjau yang lambat, dan guliran yang lambat saat menyunting halaman wiki berukuran sangat besar di editor teks wiki 2017, serta masalah kinerja saat memilih, memotong, atau menempelkan konten, kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T184857] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Sebagai bagian dari upaya mempromosikan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] dari status fitur beta, seluruh pengguna kini akan menggunakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] alih-alih [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] untuk penyorotan sintaks saat menyunting halaman konten berformat JavaScript, CSS, JSON, Vue, dan Lua. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * Layanan <code>mirrors.wikimedia.org</code> yang selama ini digunakan oleh pengguna Debian dan Ubuntu akan dihentikan dan tidak lagi berfungsi mulai 15 Mei. Sumber daya yang sebelumnya digunakan untuk layanan ini akan dialihkan ke opsi baru yang dinilai lebih baik. Sejumlah pengguna mungkin perlu beralih ke peladen lain yang diperkirakan hanya memerlukan waktu sekitar satu menit. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/LJYRIS4WB66HIRCAO4GIDTXCMDVZRBMA/ Informasi lebih lanjut tersedia untuk dibaca]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416707] * Tabel <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>image</nowiki></code></bdi> dan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>oldimage</nowiki></code></bdi> akan dihapus dari [[wikitech:Help:Wiki Replicas|wikireplicas]]. Jika perkakas atau kueri yang digunakan masih mengakses tabel <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>image</nowiki></code></bdi> atau <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>oldimage</nowiki></code></bdi> secara langsung, disarankan untuk segera memperbaruinya agar menggunakan tabel <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>file</nowiki></code></bdi> dan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>filerevision</nowiki></code></bdi> sebelum 28 Mei. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T28741] * Setelah penerapan terbaru mengenai pembatasan laju global API (''global API rate limits'') pada lalu lintas yang tidak teridentifikasi, Wikimedia Foundation akan melanjutkan upaya untuk memastikan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|penggunaan infrastruktur yang adil]] dengan mulai menerapkan pembatasan global juga pada lalu lintas API yang teridentifikasi, dimulai pada pekan terakhir April. Batasan ini sengaja ditetapkan setinggi mungkin guna meminimalkan dampak terhadap komunitas. Bot yang berjalan di Toolforge/WMCS atau yang memiliki hak pengguna bot di wiki mana pun untuk saat ini tidak akan terdampak. Meski demikian, seluruh pengembang dianjurkan untuk mengikuti praktik terbaik terbaru. Informasi lebih lanjut dapat ditemukan pada dokumentasi [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]] serta bagian [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits/FAQ|Tanya Jawab]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Attribution API|Attribution API]] kini telah tersedia dalam versi [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Stability policy|beta]]. API ini berfungsi untuk mengambil informasi yang diperlukan dalam memberikan atribusi (kredit) terhadap artikel dan berkas media Wikimedia di mana pun konten tersebut digunakan. Dokumentasi referensi tersedia melalui halaman spesial REST Sandbox yang dapat diakses di seluruh wiki Wikimedia (misalnya [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?api=attribution.v0-beta&title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST Sandbox di Wikipedia bahasa Inggris]). Umpan balik dapat disampaikan melalui [[mw:Talk:Attribution API|halaman pembicaraan proyek]]. * Tidak ada versi MediaWiki baru dalam pekan ini. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/17|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W17"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20 April 2026 14.59 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30432763 --> == ''The Signpost'': 21 April 2026 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''</div> <div style="column-count:2;"> * News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-04-21/News and notes|Six Serbian Wikipedia editors banned following controversy about political bias]] * In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-04-21/In the media|Could Wikipedia be involved in Massachusetts' proposed social media ban for minors?]] * Gallery: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-04-21/Gallery|March equinox]] * Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-04-21/Traffic report|Time to change my galaxy in case, we outta space!]] * Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-04-21/Comix|Of skirts and articles]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 21 April 2026 06.50 (UTC) <!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --></div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:JPxG@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&oldid=30434643 --> == Request for comment (global AI policy) == <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Apologies for writing in English. {{int:Please-translate}} A [[:m:Requests for comment/Artificial intelligence policy|request for comment]] is currently being held to decide on a global AI policy. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[Naraguna:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Parembugan Naraguna:MediaWiki message delivery|rembugan]]) 26 April 2026 00.57 (UTC) </bdi> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Codename Noreste@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30424282 --> == This Month in Education: April 2026 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 15 • Issue 4 • April 2026</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/April 2026|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/April 2026/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Empowering Knowledge: Wikimedia MKD Education Update|Empowering Knowledge: Wikimedia MKD Education Update]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/WikiScholar: A School-Level Initiative to Promote Free Knowledge in Bangladesh|WikiScholar: A School-Level Initiative to Promote Free Knowledge in Bangladesh]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Wikipedia for School 2025–2026: A Competition That Continued Despite Frost, Power Outages, and War|Wikipedia for School 2025–2026: A Competition That Continued Despite Frost, Power Outages, and War]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Wikimedia UK and Thoughtful delivery new media literacy teacher training course|Wikimedia UK and Thoughtful delivery new media literacy teacher training course]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Wikimedia CR supporting SDG's in Czech schools|Wikimedia CR supporting SDG's in Czech schools]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/University Students’ Mandatory Internships at Wikimedia Armenia|University Students’ Mandatory Internships at Wikimedia Armenia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Third year of collaboration with Aleksandër Xhuvani University in Elbasan, Albania|Third year of collaboration with Aleksandër Xhuvani University in Elbasan, Albania]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Students Discover Open Source and Learn Wikipedia and Wikidata Skills for the First Time in Zarqa, Jordan|Students Discover Open Source and Learn Wikipedia and Wikidata Skills for the First Time in Zarqa, Jordan]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Leveraging on Wikipedia as a tool for curbing Health Misinformation and Disinformation in Akwa Ibom and Rivers State, Nigeria|Leveraging on Wikipedia as a tool for curbing Health Misinformation and Disinformation in Akwa Ibom and Rivers State, Nigeria]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Governance and Public Knowledge: Wikipedia as a Learning Tool in Sustainability Education through UNESCO Designated Sites|Governance and Public Knowledge: Wikipedia as a Learning Tool in Sustainability Education through UNESCO Designated Sites]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/A month full of encounters with students in Brazil|A month full of encounters with students in Brazil]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 27 April 2026 16.01 (UTC)</div> </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:ZI Jony@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=30406002 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-18</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W18"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/18|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Terdapat perubahan dalam cara pengguna baru memperoleh status terkonfirmasi otomatis (''autoconfirmed'') yang bertujuan meningkatkan perlindungan terhadap vandalisme. Selama ini, pengguna yang telah memiliki akun selama beberapa hari dan melakukan sejumlah suntingan akan otomatis masuk ke dalam kelompok [[{{int:grouppage-autoconfirmed/{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}}}|{{int:group-autoconfirmed}}]]. Namun, pengaturan ini kerap dimanfaatkan oleh sebagian pelaku vandalisme yang membuat akun lalu baru menggunakannya setelah beberapa waktu. Untuk mengatasinya, aturan tersebut akan diperbarui mulai pekan depan. Dalam penentuan status terkonfirmasi otomatis, usia akun akan dihitung sejak suntingan pertama, bukan sejak tanggal pendaftaran. Nilai ambang usia tetap tidak berubah. Perubahan ini hanya akan diterapkan pada wiki yang menuntut sekurang-kurangnya satu suntingan sebagai bagian dari kriteria terkonfirmasi otomatis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418484] * Kini, seluruh pengguna Wikipedia dengan akun baru, serta mereka yang mengaktifkan opsi "Secara otomatis mengaktifkan sebagian besar fitur beta" dalam preferensi, dapat menggunakan fitur beta [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|daftar bacaan]] (''reading lists''). Fitur ini membantu mengelola minat membaca dalam satu tempat agar mudah diakses. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:30}} {{PLURAL:30|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah yang menyebabkan gambar pada kotak info (''infobox'') memiliki jarak kosong yang sangat besar di Firefox kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423676] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Sebagai pengingat, pembatasan laju global pada API (''rate limits'') akan mulai diterapkan pekan ini terhadap lalu lintas API yang teridentifikasi. Langkah ini bertujuan menjaga [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|penggunaan infrastruktur tetap adil]]. Bot yang berjalan di Toolforge/WMCS atau yang memiliki hak pengguna bot di wiki mana pun untuk saat ini tidak akan terdampak. Meski demikian, seluruh pengembang disarankan mengikuti praktik terbaik terbaru. Informasi lebih lanjut, termasuk batasan yang berlaku, dapat dilihat pada dokumentasi [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]] dan [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits/FAQ|Tanya Jawab]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.26|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/18|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W18"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 27 April 2026 18.05 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30458046 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-19</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W19"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/19|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Tim [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Panduan artikel]] mengundang para penyunting berpengalaman dari [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Pilot wikis and collaborators|Wikipedia percontohan]]: Arab, Bengali, Jepang, Portugis, Persia, Turki, Inggris Sederhana, Spanyol, dan Prancis, untuk turut membantu menerjemahkan dan menyesuaikan [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_article_guidance contoh kerangka artikel]. Kerangka ini akan menjadi pedoman bagi para penyunting dalam menyusun artikel yang jelas, terstruktur dengan baik, dan sesuai dengan kebijakan, saat [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Special:NewArticle fitur tersebut] resmi diluncurkan pada Mei 2026. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance#Adapting a sample outline in a Wikipedia|Petunjuk sederhana]] mengenai cara menerjemahkan dan menyesuaikan kerangka tersebut juga telah disediakan. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Dewan Penasihat Produk dan Teknologi]] telah menerbitkan [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/May 2026 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|rancangan rekomendasi]] mengenai model yang dapat diikuti oleh para organisasi afiliasi ketika berkontribusi di ranah teknis. Anggota komunitas diundang untuk memberikan umpan balik terhadap rekomendasi ini hingga 8 Mei melalui [[:m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council/May 2026 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|halaman pembicaraannya]]. * Jumlah pilihan ukuran keluku (''thumbnail'') di MediaWiki kini disederhanakan menjadi tiga opsi baku: Kecil (180 piksel), Sedang (250 piksel), dan Besar (400 piksel), sebagai bagian dari upaya berkelanjutan untuk meningkatkan kinerja serta mengurangi beban pada layanan keluku. Akibatnya, preferensi yang sudah ada akan dipetakan ke ukuran baru yang paling mendekati (misalnya, pilihan kecil seperti 120 piksel atau 150 piksel akan ditampilkan sebagai 180 piksel, sementara pilihan lebih besar seperti 300 piksel atau 360 piksel akan ditampilkan sebagai 400 piksel). Antarmuka preferensi akan segera diperbarui untuk mencerminkan perubahan ini. Pengguna yang ingin menonaktifkan atau memberikan umpan balik dipersilakan melakukannya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424909] * Mulai saat ini, bahkan ketika suatu hak akses berakhir secara otomatis, pengguna tetap akan menerima pemberitahuan melalui Echo yang serupa dengan pemberitahuan standar untuk perubahan hak akses. Hal ini berbeda dengan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|bot pengingat global]] yang mengingatkan pengguna satu minggu ''sebelum'' hak akses berakhir agar dapat diperpanjang. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:32}} {{PLURAL:32|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah pada pemilih bahasa ULS di [[m:Special:Translate|Special:Translate]] yang sebelumnya dapat bergulir secara vertikal meskipun tidak diperlukan, kini telah diperbaiki. Sebelumnya, saat pengguna membuka menu tarik-turun "Terjemahkan ke bahasa Inggris" dan mengetikkan masukan tertentu, kotak dialog akan bergeser beberapa piksel ke bawah meskipun ruang tampilan masih mencukupi. Kini, menu tersebut tidak lagi bergeser secara tidak perlu saat menyaring bahasa. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358864] * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Daftar Pantauan Global]], yang memungkinkan pengguna melihat daftar pantauan dari berbagai wiki dalam satu halaman, terus mengalami peningkatan. Sebagai contoh, daftar pantauan untuk situs berbasis Wikibase seperti [[:d:|Wikidata]] kini mendukung elemen [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:EntitySchema|EntitySchema]] untuk pelacakan yang lebih baik. Mode pembaruan langsung kini menyegarkan halaman khusus setiap 60 detik agar selaras dengan pembatasan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|laju API global terbaru]], sehingga meningkatkan respons waktu nyata. Selain itu, kesalahan arah teks yang sebelumnya menampilkan pranala sebagai "perubahan 3" alih-alih "3 perubahan" dalam daftar dengan arah campuran juga telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415450][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424422][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418091] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Tahap kedua penerapan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|pembatasan laju API global]] telah diluncurkan untuk mengurangi [[diffblog:2026/03/26/quo-vadis-crawlers-progress-and-whats-next-on-safeguarding-our-infrastructure/|dampak perayap kecerdasan buatan]] serta memastikan akses yang adil dan berkelanjutan terhadap sumber daya Wikimedia, dengan memprioritaskan lalu lintas manusia dan yang selaras dengan misi. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits#Limits|Batasan]] yang sebelumnya dihitung per jam kini diubah menjadi per menit, sehingga menghasilkan pola lalu lintas yang lebih halus dan beban API yang lebih terprediksi. Pengguna komunitas diperkirakan tidak akan terdampak, dan tidak ada tindakan yang perlu dilakukan. Indikasi awal menunjukkan bahwa sebagian peminta berbasis User-Agent mulai menyesuaikan perilakunya, dan sekitar 64% lalu lintas API otomatis telah berhasil diidentifikasi. Pemantauan terus dilakukan, dan layanan Wikimedia Enterprise tetap tersedia untuk dukungan komersial. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.27|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/19|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W19"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 4 Mèi 2026 20.42 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30498077 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': April 2026 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XVI, Issue IV, April 2026</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/From the team|From the team]]: How the GLAM Community Can Shine in the 2026–27 Annual Plan * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: International Roma Day 2026 in Tirana, Albania * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Argentina report|Argentina report]]: WikiConf Argentina and GLAM projects * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Asia report|Asia report]]: Documenting and citing oral knowledge in audio and video * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: WikiCon Australia, ICIP, Orphan works and Trans-Tasman partnerships * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Wikimedia Brasil publishes book on the power and challenges of free knowledge * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Colombia report|Colombia report]]: We celebrate Public Domain Day with an expert panel / Celebramos el día del dominio público con un Panel de expertas * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Ongoing and New GLAM-Wiki Projects * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Women in Wartime event at Auckland Museum & an update for WiR NZBSI * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Nigeria report|Nigeria report]]: Wikimedia Commons Upload Campaign * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: Wikimedia MKD in Action: Digitization, Wikisource and Educational Workshops * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: GLAM-Wiki Developments: Residencies, Partnerships and Audiovisual Heritage * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: April in Wikimedia Serbia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Le Donne di Villa Massimo * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: A tenth-century Quran and Islamic Art in Urdu * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Wiki MIT launches and US meetups * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: Update on the BHL Annual Meeting 27 April - 1 May & BHL Day * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: Eight new articles on MoW inscriptions * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: May's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 11 Mèi 2026 13.50 (UTC)</div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Romaine@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=30513880 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-20</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W20"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/20|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Komunitas Teknis telah mempublikasikan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/How to write a good wish|panduan baru]] yang menjelaskan bagaimana keinginan pada Daftar Harapan Komunitas disaring dan diprioritaskan. Dokumentasi ini bertujuan untuk membantu kontributor baru dalam menulis proposal yang lebih baik dengan menjelaskan faktor yang memengaruhi keputusan prioritas. Selain hitungan suara, panduan ini menyorot pertimbangan seperti potensi dampak pada komunitas ketika menentukan keinginan yang akan diteruskan. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Tim Pertumbuhan Pembaca sedang meluncurkan pengujian untuk menakar [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Share_Card|fitur Kartu Berbagi]] yang memungkinkan pembaca untuk membuat kartu yang menarik secara visual dari artikel Wikipedia atau bagian artikel yang dipilih dan membagikannya secara daring. Setiap kartu akan menautkan kembali ke artikel awal untuk meningkatkan pembaca dan penemuan artikel. Pengujian A/B hanya perangkat seluler akan tersedia pada beberapa pembaca di Wikipedia bahasa Arab, Tiongkok, Prancis, Vietnam, dan Inggris untuk memahami lebih lanjut tentang kebiasaan pembaca dan pembagian, dan akan dijadwalkan dimulai pada pekan 18 Mei dan berjalan selama empat minggu. * Aplikasi Wikipedia di Android dan iOS meluncurkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/25th_Birthday_Reading_Challenge|tantangan membaca 25 hari]] ke fitur Beta sebagai bagian dari usaha untuk meningkatkan keterlibatan pembaca dengan mendorong pengguna menyelesaikan pencapaian bacaan. Untuk melacak rentetan bacaan mereka selama periode tantangan, pengguna aplikasi dapat menambahkan gawit Baby Globe pada layar utama mereka. Tantangan ini secara resmi dimulai pada 11 Mei. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:17}} {{PLURAL:17|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Misalnya, masalah ketika pengaturan global untuk mengaktifkan penyorotan sintaks pada teks wiki dapat menonaktifkan dirinya sendiri secara tiba-tiba setelah diaktifkan, sekarang sudah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T425286] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Perihal kelanjutan]] Modul ResourceLoader <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mediawiki.ui.input</nowiki></code></bdi>, sudah dihentikan sejak [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/39|September 2023]], akan dihapus pekan ini. Terdapat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Migrating_from_MediaWiki_UI|panduan untuk memigrasikannya dari UI MediaWiki ke Codex]] untuk perkakas apa pun yang menggunakannya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T420125] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.2|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/20|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W20"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 11 Mèi 2026 19.20 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30524429 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-21</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W21"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/21|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Tim Abstract Wikipedia telah mengidentifikasi lima wiki potensial untuk menilai ketertarikan mereka dalam mengadopsi artikel abstrak di wiki masing-masing. Wiki percontohan tersebut meliputi Wikipedia bahasa Malayalam, Bengali, Dagbani, Arab, dan Indonesia. Masa pemberian masukan akan dibuka hingga 22 Mei. Jika komunitas Anda tertarik menjadi bagian dari proyek uji coba ini, [[m:Talk:Abstract Wikipedia|silakan beri tahu kami melalui Meta]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Sebuah uji coba untuk menampilkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Daftar Bacaan]] kepada pembaca yang belum masuk log di web seluler akan dimulai pada 18 Mei di Wikipedia bahasa Jerman, Spanyol, Italia, Portugis, Polandia, Belanda, Turki, serta Urdu, dan berlangsung selama satu bulan. Upaya ini mendukung tujuan yang lebih luas untuk membantu pembaca menyimpan dan mengatur artikel agar dapat dibaca kembali di lain waktu, sekaligus mendorong kebiasaan yang berpotensi mengarah pada kontribusi di Wikipedia pada masa mendatang. * Untuk mendukung tombol markah dalam fitur beta Daftar Bacaan, menu "Perkakas > Tindakan" kini diperbarui dengan tampilan ikon, termasuk penanda bintang pantauan yang membantu penyunting mengenali artikel yang dipantau sementara. Ikon-ikon tersebut kini juga disesuaikan dengan tampilan di perangkat seluler sehingga menciptakan konsistensi antarplatform yang lebih baik. Perubahan ini saat ini masih terbatas pada menu tindakan dan terutama memengaruhi penyunting dengan hak pengguna khusus. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T426008] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Mode Saran]] telah dirilis sebagai sebuah [[w:en:A/B test|uji A/B]] bagi penyunting baru di situs web seluler pada [[phab:T421189|sekitar 15 Wikipedia]]. Eksperimen ini akan mengukur dampak Mode Saran terhadap persentase sesi penyuntingan pengguna baru di web seluler yang menghasilkan suntingan artikel yang konstruktif (''unreverted''). Selain itu, uji coba ini juga akan mengevaluasi pengaruh fitur tersebut terhadap tingkat retensi penyunting, serta memantau perubahan pada tingkat pengembalian suntingan (''revert'') dan pemblokiran pengguna. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:27}} {{PLURAL:27|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah pada aplikasi Wikipedia Android yang terkadang menyebabkan gambar gagal dimuat setelah membuka notifikasi daftar bacaan rekomendasi kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418231] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata Platform|Tim Platform Wikidata]] telah menerbitkan [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/Backend Replacement|rekomendasi pengganti sistem sisi belakang]] beserta rancangan [[wikitech:Wikidata Query Service/WDQS Architecture re-design|arsitektur teknis]] untuk migrasi Layanan Kueri Wikidata (WDQS) dari grap Blazegraph. Masukan dibuka hingga 25 Mei 2026, terutama berkenaan dengan kemungkinan celah maupun dampaknya terhadap penggunaan tingkat lanjut. Anggota komunitas Wikidata dan pengguna WDQS juga didorong untuk membantu mengidentifikasi perkakas dan alur kerja berdampak tinggi yang mungkin memerlukan perhatian lebih pada [[d:Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/High-Impact Use Cases|halaman terkait]]. Masukan dapat disampaikan melalui [[d:Wikidata talk:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update|halaman pembicaraan migrasi]] atau saat [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Blazegraph Migration Office Hours|sesi pembicaraan berikutnya]]. Lihat [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Wikidata Platform team/Newsletter|nawala tim WDP]] untuk informasi lebih lanjut. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.3|MediaWiki]] '''Lebih lanjut''' * Di Wikipedia bahasa Inggris, Prancis, Jepang, dan beberapa bahasa lainnya, sempat dilakukan [[diffblog:2025/09/02/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha/|uji coba penggunaan hCaptcha]], layanan pendeteksi bot pihak ketiga. Uji coba tersebut menunjukkan bahwa hCaptcha cukup efektif dalam mendeteksi dan menghambat sejumlah aktivitas otomatis yang dilakukan dengan niat buruk, baik secara langsung maupun dengan memberikan sinyal tambahan kepada [[w:en:Wikipedia:Village pump (technical)/Archive 225#Introducing SuggestedInvestigations|para pemeriksa dan penatalayan]] untuk melakukan peninjauan lebih lanjut. Karena hasilnya dinilai positif, hCaptcha akan diterapkan di seluruh wiki dalam beberapa minggu mendatang. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/hCaptcha|Lihat halaman proyek hCaptcha]] untuk informasi teknis mengenai implementasi dan perlindungan privasinya. [[diffblog:2026/05/04/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha-part-2/|Pelajari lebih lanjut]]. * Kabar terbaru dari Teknis Komunitas kini telah tersedia, menampilkan perkembangan berbagai inisiatif Daftar Harapan Komunitas, termasuk perluasan fitur Daftar Bacaan dari aplikasi seluler ke situs web, dukungan bahasa baru untuk fitur "Siapa yang Menulisnya" ("''Who Wrote That''") dan Dasbor Pribadi, peningkatan pada perenderan 3D dan grafik, serta rencana pengembangan mendatang mengenai pengurutan halaman pembicaraan, pemutaran audio, dan alur penyuntingan. Pembaruan tersebut juga membagikan prioritas saat ini, tren status daftar harapan, serta peluang bagi komunitas untuk memberikan masukan mengenai fokus pengembangan di masa depan dan Rencana Tahunan Wikimedia Foundation 2026–2027. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#May 13, 2026: Latest updates from the Community Tech team|Baca nawala lengkapnya untuk informasi lebih lanjut]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/21|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W21"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18 Mèi 2026 20.21 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30539262 --> == ''The Signpost'': 22 May 2026 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''</div> <div style="column-count:2;"> * News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-05-22/News and notes|Offline: Osama Khalid still in prison]] * In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-05-22/In the media|Indonesian editors, you shall return!]] * Disinformation report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-05-22/Disinformation report|Who is a typical paid editor? Who are their typical clients?]] * Recent research: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-05-22/Recent research|WikiLambda the Ultimate]] * Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-05-22/Traffic report|This is where I'll be, so heavenly, so come and dance with me Michael!]] * Forum: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-05-22/Forum|WikiAnnotate: help us build a dataset of article quality evaluations]] * In focus: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-05-22/In focus|Demystifying the 2026-27 Annual Plan]] * Opinion: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-05-22/Opinion|Wikipedia isn't a battleground. So why does it feel like one?]] * Serendipity: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-05-22/Serendipity|Wikinews: Into the Wikiverse]] * Special report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-05-22/Special report|Wikimedia Foundation closes Wikinews after 21 years]] * Community view: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-05-22/Community view|Wikipedia's traffic drop: more on languages and freshness]] * Gallery: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-05-22/Gallery|Earth Day and Mother's Day]] * Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-05-22/Comix|Brother, can you spare a page?]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 22 Mèi 2026 05.19 (UTC) <!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --></div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Bri@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&oldid=30513885 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-22</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W22"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/22|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Setelah [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#LOWM|uji coba pembuatan akun berjalan dengan sukses]], pesan peringatan penyuntingan bagi pengguna yang belum masuk log akan diterapkan ke seluruh wiki Wikimedia pada minggu pertama Juni. Perubahan ini hanya akan memengaruhi pengguna yang belum masuk log di web seluler ketika mereka membuka sesi penyuntingan. Pengalaman baru tersebut dirancang untuk mendorong pembuatan akun dengan lebih jelas, sambil tetap memungkinkan pengguna menyunting menggunakan akun sementara. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan adanya peningkatan signifikan dalam pembuatan akun, dengan kenaikan relatif sebesar 27% pada pengguna yang melihat pesan terbaru tersebut. Seperti yang diperkirakan, semakin banyak pengguna yang diarahkan untuk membuat akun, jumlah akun sementara pun menurun sebesar 16% secara relatif. Percobaan ini tidak menunjukkan perubahan signifikan terhadap tingkat suntingan konstruktif atau metrik kontributor lain yang dipantau. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424595] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Demi alasan keamanan, anggota dari kelompok pengguna tertentu [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|diwajibkan mengaktifkan autentikasi dua-faktor]] (2FA). Anggota dari kelompok tersebut tidak lagi dapat menonaktifkan metode 2FA terakhir pada akun mereka, dan pengguna tanpa 2FA juga tidak dapat ditambahkan ke kelompok tersebut. Pengguna masih dapat menambahkan metode autentikasi baru atau menghapus metode yang ada, selama setidaknya satu metode tetap aktif setiap saat. Dalam beberapa pekan ke depan, pengguna yang belum mengaktifkan 2FA akan dikeluarkan dari kelompok-kelompok tersebut. Secara khusus, ketentuan ini berlaku juga bagi para birokrat. Jadwal penerapannya dapat dilihat pada tugas terkait. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423119][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423120] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|Tim Harapan Teknis Wikimedia Deutschland]] akan menjalankan [[w:en:A/B testing|uji A/B]] di [[:phab:T415904|10 wiki]] untuk menguji sejumlah kemungkinan peningkatan pada [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/Reference Previews|Pratayang Referensi]]. Percobaan ini akan berlangsung selama sekitar dua minggu pada akhir Mei hingga awal Juni, dan akan memengaruhi 10% pembaca desktop di wiki yang berpartisipasi. * Setelah dua uji coba yang berhasil, tim Pertumbuhan Pembaca akan meluncurkan fitur beta [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|Penelusuran Gambar]] untuk seluruh Wikipedia versi seluler pada 25 Mei. Dengan demikian, pengguna yang mengaktifkan seluruh fitur beta secara bawaan akan mulai melihat fitur ini, sementara pengguna lain dapat mengaktifkannya melalui preferensi masing-masing. Fitur beta tersebut akan menampilkan karusel seluruh gambar dalam sebuah artikel di bagian atas halaman artikel, lengkap dengan [[mw:Readers/Reader_Growth/Image_Browsing#Phase_2.1_beta_feature|kendali bagi penyunting untuk mengecualikan gambar tertentu dari karusel artikel atau mengecualikan artikel sepenuhnya dari fitur ini]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:30}} {{PLURAL:30|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, berkas STL tiga dimensi sebelumnya ditampilkan secara tidak tepat oleh ekstensi penampil media (''media viewer'') 3D, dan masalah tersebut kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416723] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Kelas CSS lama <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>tleft</nowiki></code></bdi> dan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>tright</nowiki></code></bdi> telah digantikan oleh <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatleft</nowiki></code></bdi> dan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatright</nowiki></code></bdi> karena kedua kelas lama tersebut tidak bekerja secara konsisten di seluruh platform MediaWiki, terutama pada web seluler dan aplikasi seluler. Proyek yang masih menggunakan kelas tersebut dianjurkan untuk meninjau penggunaannya dan mulai merencanakan migrasi. Perlu diperhatikan bahwa <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatleft</nowiki></code></bdi> dan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatright</nowiki></code></bdi> juga berpotensi tidak digunakan lagi di masa mendatang, meskipun saat ini belum ada rencana untuk melakukannya. [[phab:T426452|Baca selengkapnya]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.4|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/22|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W22"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 25 Mèi 2026 21.51 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30584502 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Pemungutan suara dalam pemilihan U4C 2026 kini telah dibuka</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Para pemilih yang memenuhi syarat diundang untuk berpartisipasi dalam pemilihan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Komite Koordinasi Kode Etik Universal]] (U4C) tahun 2026. Informasi lebih lanjut, termasuk pemeriksaan kelayakan pemilih, tata cara pemungutan suara, informasi kandidat, dan pranala menuju halaman pemungutan suara, tersedia di Meta pada [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|halaman informasi Pemilihan 2026]]. Pemungutan suara akan ditutup pada 2 Juni 2026 [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1780358400 pukul 00.00 UTC]. Silakan memberikan suara apabila akun Anda memenuhi syarat. Hasil pemilihan akan diumumkan paling lambat pada 14 Juni 2026. — Bekerja sama dengan U4C,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 27 Mèi 2026 17.14 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30513860 --> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> == Survey (proposed direction for Wishlist) == Apologies if this has not yet been translated into your wiki's language. {{int:Please-translate}}. You are invited to voice your opinion on a new [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist#Proposed direction for Wishlist|community-proposed direction]] for the [[m:Community Wishlist|Community Wishlist]]. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[Naraguna:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Parembugan Naraguna:MediaWiki message delivery|rembugan]]) 29 Mèi 2026 03.07 (UTC) </bdi> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:기나ㅏㄴ@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:%EA%B8%B0%EB%82%98%E3%85%8F%E3%84%B4/MassMessage&oldid=30604233 --> == This Month in Education: May 2026 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 15 • Issue 5 • May 2026</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/May 2026|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/May 2026/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2026/Teaching innovation with Wikimedia. Shared experiences in Spanish Universities|Teaching innovation with Wikimedia. Shared experiences in Spanish Universities]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2026/Editing Wikipedia with Viktor Hygo High School in Albania|Editing Wikipedia with Viktor Hygo High School in Albania]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2026/Debating free license in Brazil|Debating free license in Brazil]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2026/Microclimatic Explainers: A short-form media approach to build micro-level environmental awareness in India|Microclimatic Explainers: A short-form media approach to build micro-level environmental awareness in India]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2026/Ukraine publishes the first academic collection of papers on Wikipedia and Wikimedia Projects|Ukraine publishes the first academic collection of papers on Wikipedia and Wikimedia Projects]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2026/Wiki Digital Youth Club Launches in Tanzania: Youth Build Digital Skills Through Competitive Quest Challenges|Wiki Digital Youth Club Launches in Tanzania: Youth Build Digital Skills Through Competitive Quest Challenges]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2026/Wiki Youth Participation in Building Rwanda’s Open Knowledge Ecosystem|Wiki Youth Participation in Building Rwanda’s Open Knowledge Ecosystem]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2026/Wikimedia Digi-Youth Club in Nigeria|Wikimedia Digi-Youth Club in Nigeria]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2026/Wikimedia MKD's Education News & Activities|Wikimedia MKD's Education News & Activities]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2026/Wikipedia Serbia's interns and Wiki Ambassadors provide crucial support towards end of the school year|Wikipedia Serbia's interns and Wiki Ambassadors provide crucial support towards end of the school year]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 1 Juni 2026 16.53 (UTC)</div> </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:ZI Jony@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=30604297 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-23</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W23"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/23|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Tim Pengalaman Pembaca]] sedang menjalankan sebuah eksperimen untuk menampilkan fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|daftar bacaan]], yang saat ini masih dalam tahap pengembangan, kepada pembaca seluler yang belum masuk log. Tujuannya adalah untuk menguji apakah fitur tersebut dapat mendorong pembuatan akun dengan tingkat yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan tombol bintang pantauan. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists#Experiment timeline|Eksperimen ]]ini diluncurkan pada 18 Mei di wiki bahasa Jerman, Spanyol, Italia, Portugis, Polandia, Belanda, Turki, dan Urdu, serta akan berlangsung selama satu bulan. * Tim Aplikasi Wikimedia telah merilis [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh/Phase 1|Fase 1]] dari beranda yang telah didesain ulang pada aplikasi Android Beta. Beranda baru ini mencakup tab "Komunitas" yang diperbarui serta tab "Untuk Anda" yang dipersonalisasi, yang menampilkan rekomendasi bacaan yang diperbarui setiap hari. Perancangan ulang ini merupakan bagian dari upaya yang lebih luas untuk meningkatkan penemuan konten serta menciptakan pengalaman belajar yang lebih menarik di aplikasi Wikipedia. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:18}} {{PLURAL:18|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah yang menyebabkan gambar gagal dimuat pada beberapa suntingan yang disarankan di [[w:Special:Homepage|Special:Homepage]], sehingga keluku (''thumbnail'') terus berada dalam keadaan memuat, kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424048] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.5|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/23|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W23"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 1 Juni 2026 21.08 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30613639 --> == Books & Bytes – Issue 74 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style = "font-size: 1.5em; margin: 0 100px"> [[File:Bookshelf.jpg|right|175px]]</div> <div style = "line-height: 1.2"> <span style="font-size: 2em; font-family: Copperplate, 'Copperplate Gothic Light', serif">'''The Wikipedia Library''': ''Books & Bytes''</span><br /> Issue 74, March–April 2026 </div> <div style = "margin-top: 1.5em; border: 3px solid #ae8c55; border-radius: .5em; padding: 1em 1.5em; font-size: 1.2em"> * New partnership: Swissdox * User survey results <big>'''[[:m:The Wikipedia Library/Newsletter/March-April 2026|Read the full newsletter]]'''</big> </div> </div> <small>Sent by [[m:User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] on behalf of The Wikipedia Library team – 2 Juni 2026 10.35 (UTC)</small> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Samwalton9 (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Wikipedia_Library/Newsletter/Recipients&oldid=30576650 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-24</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W24"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/24|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Wikimedia Enterprise telah meningkatkan batas penggunaan gratis layanan API yang ditawarkannya. Batas permintaan bulanan untuk API Berdasarkan Permintaan (''On-Demand API'') meningkat dari 5.000 menjadi 50.000 permintaan, sedangkan batas untuk API Salinan Data (''Snapshot API'') meningkat dari 15 menjadi 30 permintaan per bulan. Selain itu, salinan data Konten Terstruktur (''Structured Contents snapshot'') kini juga tersedia bagi akun gratis. Perubahan ini memperluas akses terhadap data Wikimedia Enterprise bagi pengembang, peneliti, dan organisasi yang memanfaatkan konten Wikimedia. [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/enhanced-free-api] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh/Phase 1|Umpan Jelajah (''Explore Feed'') yang telah diperbarui]] dan kini bernama Umpan Beranda (''Home Feed'') mulai diluncurkan kepada 50% pengguna aplikasi Wikipedia untuk Android. Umpan Beranda membantu pembaca menemukan konten yang relevan melalui dua tab baru, yaitu Komunitas (''Community'') dan Untuk Anda (''For You''). Tab Komunitas menyediakan aliran konten yang dapat digulir berisi materi pilihan dan pembaruan dari komunitas dan gerakan Wikimedia secara luas. Sementara itu, tab Untuk Anda menawarkan pengalaman layar penuh yang dapat dijelajahi dengan menggeser layar, menampilkan konten yang disesuaikan dengan minat pengguna. Perancangan ulang ini merupakan bagian dari upaya yang lebih luas untuk meningkatkan kemudahan menemukan informasi serta memperkaya pengalaman belajar di aplikasi Wikipedia. * Permainan kuis harian [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/"Which came first?" Game|Mana yang lebih dulu?]] (''Which came first?'') kini tersedia dalam versi beta aplikasi Wikipedia untuk iOS dalam bahasa Inggris, Jerman, Prancis, Portugis, Rusia, Spanyol, Arab, Tionghoa, dan Turki. Permainan ini memanfaatkan peristiwa-peristiwa sejarah dari konten Wikipedia "Pada Hari Ini" dan menantang pembaca untuk menebak peristiwa mana yang terjadi lebih dahulu di antara dua pilihan yang diberikan. Sebelumnya, permainan ini telah dirilis untuk Android. Komunitas yang ingin menghadirkan permainan tersebut dalam bahasa mereka dapat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Games#Game availability by language|membaca petunjuk dan persyaratan yang tersedia]]. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Subreferensi]], fitur baru MediaWiki yang memungkinkan penyunting menggunakan kembali referensi yang sama dengan penjelas yang berbeda, akan mulai diluncurkan ke wiki Wikimedia setelah sukses melewati tahap uji coba. Penerapan akan dimulai pada 8 Juni untuk sebagian besar [[wikitech:Deployments/Train#Wednesday|wiki Kelompok 1]] dan Wikipedia bahasa Prancis, kemudian diperluas ke edisi Wikipedia dalam bahasa lain selama beberapa bulan mendatang. Komunitas dianjurkan untuk melakukan persiapan dengan [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=ext-cite&language=en&action_source=search&filter=%21translated&optional=1&action=translate memeriksa apakah masih ada pesan ekstensi Cite yang belum diterjemahkan] ke dalam bahasa mereka, dan meninjau penggunaan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]] yang mungkin memerlukan [[:phab:T416304#11668731|pembaruan]] agar mendukung fungsi baru tersebut. Wiki yang menggunakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Reference Previews]] tidak perlu melakukan tindakan apa pun. Komunitas juga dapat mempertimbangkan untuk membuat [[Special:TrackingCategories|kategori pelacakan]] ''cite-tracking-category-ref-details'' sebagai kategori tersembunyi menggunakan <code><nowiki>__HIDDENCAT__</nowiki></code> (atau templat khusus), lalu menghubungkannya dengan butir Wikidata yang sesuai, yaitu [[d:Q129764848]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T425662] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews#Experimentation|Eksperimen Pratayang Halaman (''Page Previews'')]] di Wikipedia versi web seluler telah berakhir. Tim memutuskan untuk tidak meluncurkan fitur tersebut secara luas setelah hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa fitur ini tidak memberikan dampak yang signifikan secara statistik terhadap tingkat retensi pembaca, yang merupakan metrik keberhasilan utama. Pratayan Halaman, yang saat ini sudah tersedia pada versi desktop dan aplikasi, menampilkan keluku, paragraf pembuka, dan pranala menuju artikel lengkap ketika pembaca mengetuk pranala berwarna biru. Eksperimen ini menguji pengalaman tersebut pada versi web seluler di enam Wikipedia. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Design/Icons|Pustaka ikon antarmuka pengguna]] akan [[phab:T399175|diperbarui pada pekan ini atau pekan depan]]. Sebagian besar dari sekitar 300 ikon yang ada telah mengalami penyempurnaan kecil, dan sekitar 30 ikon baru telah ditambahkan. Perubahan ini bertujuan menjadikan ikon lebih konsisten, lebih mudah dipahami, serta memiliki keseimbangan visual yang lebih baik ketika digunakan secara berkelompok. * Antarmuka [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Language Selector|Pemilih Bahasa Universal]] (''Universal Language Selector'' atau ULS) di MediaWiki, yang membantu pengguna memilih konten dalam bahasa lain, telah diperbarui. Versi terbaru ini menghadirkan peningkatan kecepatan dan aksesibilitas. Pengguna proyek Wikimedia kini juga dapat menyematkan bahasa tertentu agar proses berpindah bahasa menjadi lebih cepat. Penerapan ke situs-situs Wikimedia akan dilakukan secara bertahap dalam beberapa minggu ke depan. Fitur ini sudah dapat diuji sebagai [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|fitur beta]] melalui pengaturan preferensi profil, dan masukan dapat disampaikan melalui [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Language Selector/New ULS|halaman proyek terkait]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:21}} {{PLURAL:21|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah pada dasbor Pageviews Analysis di pageviews.wmcloud.org, yang menyebabkan data grafik berhenti diperbarui sejak Mei 2026 dan memengaruhi seluruh pengguna, kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427171] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Tanda tangan fungsi (''function signature'') untuk <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mw.util.addPortletLink()</nowiki></code></bdi> kini telah disederhanakan. Pengembang sekarang dapat memberikan sebuah objek konfigurasi sebagai parameter, menggantikan daftar parameter posisi yang sebelumnya digunakan saat membuat pranala portlet. Format lama tetap didukung demi menjaga kompatibilitas dengan skrip yang sudah ada. Sebagai contoh, alih-alih menggunakan: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mw.util.addPortletLink('p-cactions', '#', 'Stub', 'ca-stubtag', 'Add a stub tag to this page');</nowiki></code></bdi>, pengembang kini dapat menggunakan: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mw.util.addPortletLink('p-cactions', { href: '#', text: 'Stub', id: 'ca-stubtag', tooltip: 'Add a stub tag to this page' });</nowiki></code></bdi>. Para pemelihara skrip dianjurkan untuk meninjau penggunaan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>addPortletLink()</nowiki></code></bdi> yang sudah ada dan memperbaruinya bila diperlukan. Perubahan ini akan tersedia di seluruh wiki mulai 11 Juni. Terima kasih kepada sukarelawan komunitas Gerges yang telah berkontribusi dalam pengembangan peningkatan ini. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427945] * '''Diskusi Daftar Harapan Komunitas:''' Tim Produk dan Teknologi [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#May 20, 2026: Community Tech becomes a program|memperkenalkan sejumlah perubahan]] yang ditujukan untuk meningkatkan jumlah dan kompleksitas usulan komunitas yang dapat diwujudkan, termasuk pembubaran tim Teknis Komunitas. Saat ini sedang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|berlangsung diskusi]] dengan anggota komunitas mengenai [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist#Proposed direction for Wishlist|arah baru yang diusulkan untuk program daftar harapan tersebut]]. Topik yang dibahas mencakup cara menyusun pemungutan suara tahunan, peningkatan pelacakan usulan, penghapusan fokus area tertentu, serta pembaruan mengenai [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|penugasan staf]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.6|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/24|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W24"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 8 Juni 2026 21.29 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30650573 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': May 2026 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XVI, Issue V, May 2026</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/From the team|From the team]]: May Global GLAM Call Recording and June Call Announcement * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: Celebrating #1Lib1Ref Australasia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: GLAM Connection: Fashion, History, and Biodiversity in May * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/France report|France report]]: New Wikimedian in Residence * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Connecting the Arctic and Sicily through Wikimedia Projects * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Mexico report|Mexico report]]: How the cultural, governmental, educational, and museum sectors contributed in unison to Wikimedia projects * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: Setting up your own platform (part 1): from wish to the creation of a wiki * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: ESEAP Conference 2026 and the NZBSI WiR update * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: Wikimedia MKD Shares GLAM Experience at International Conferences * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: Partnerships, Participation, and Open Knowledge * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: May in Wikimedia Serbia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Spain report|Spain report]]: El Prado en femenino III * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Museum for Communication, Panel IMD, Wikipedia Day * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Early Qurans on the front page of Wikipedia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: Updates on work by BHLWiki Working Group members * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Special story|Special story]]: New tools for multilingual audio, video and metadata * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: New articles in Urdu * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: June's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 12 Juni 2026 21.21 (UTC)</div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Romaine@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=30636889 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-25</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W25"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/25|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth|Tim Pertumbuhan Pembaca]] telah meluncurkan fitur beta [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|Penjelajahan Gambar]] (''Image Browsing'') pada versi web seluler di seluruh Wikipedia. Fitur ini menampilkan korsel gambar di bagian atas artikel yang memiliki tiga gambar atau lebih. Para penyunting dapat mengatur fitur ini melalui beberapa kontrol yang tersedia. Untuk menyembunyikan gambar tertentu dari suatu halaman, gunakan <code>class=notpageimage</code> agar gambar tersebut tidak ditampilkan dalam pratinjau keluku, atau gunakan <code>class=noviewer</code> agar gambar tersebut tidak tersedia di MediaViewer. Korsel gambar juga dapat dinonaktifkan sepenuhnya pada suatu halaman dengan menggunakan kata magis <code><nowiki>__NOMEDIAVIEWERCAROUSEL__</nowiki></code>. Untuk memberikan masukan atau melaporkan galat, silakan kunjungi [[mw:Talk:Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|halaman proyek terkait]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Tables#class="wikitable"|Tabel wiki]] (''wikitable'') kini dapat langsung [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Sortable tables#Forcing the initial sort direction|diurutkan dalam urutan menurun]] pada klik pertama dengan menambahkan <code dir=ltr>data-sort-order="desc"</code> pada sel tajuk. Sebelumnya, secara bawaan, klik pertama pada tajuk kolom akan mengurutkan data dalam urutan menaik. Penambahan ini memberikan kendali dan fleksibilitas yang lebih besar dalam pengaturan tabel, sementara perilaku bawaan untuk klik berikutnya tetap tidak berubah. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398416] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Panduan artikel]] (''Article guidance'') saat ini sedang diuji coba kepada sebagian penyunting yang membuat artikel baru di Wikipedia bahasa Inggris Sederhana, Wikipedia bahasa Prancis, dan Wikipedia bahasa Turki. Dalam waktu dekat, uji coba juga akan dimulai di Wikipedia bahasa Arab dan Wikipedia bahasa Bengali. [[w:simple:Special:NewArticle|Fitur ini]] menyediakan panduan yang disusun dan dikurasi oleh komunitas untuk membantu penyunting membuat artikel yang sesuai dengan standar komunitas setempat. Para penyunting berpengalaman dapat terus membuat atau menyesuaikan kerangka artikel untuk jenis-jenis artikel tertentu yang umumnya dibuat oleh kontributor yang lebih baru. Kerangka tersebut berfungsi sebagai panduan agar penyunting yang kurang berpengalaman dapat menghasilkan artikel berkualitas tinggi. Panduan singkat mengenai markah yang digunakan dalam kerangka artikel tersedia di [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Test feature guide#Markups in outlines|halaman ini]]. [[w:simple:Wikipedia:Article Guidance|Contoh kerangka]] yang dapat disesuaikan beserta petunjuk penyesuaiannya juga tersedia pada [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance#Adapting a sample outline in a Wikipedia|bagian terkait]] di halaman proyek tersebut. * Wiki yang ingin mengganti tombol "indefinitely" pada halaman Special:Block untuk akun sementara (misalnya wiki yang hanya memblokir pengguna sementara hingga masa berlaku akun berakhir) kini dapat melakukannya dengan membuat halaman [[MediaWiki:ipb-indefinite-expiry-temporary-account]] dan menentukan durasi pemblokiran yang diinginkan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427125] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:41}} {{PLURAL:41|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Mulai akhir Juni, pengunduhan data arsip (''dump data'') secara otomatis dari situs dumps.wikimedia.org akan mewajibkan penggunaan untaian ''user-agent'' yang sahih. Permintaan otomatis yang menggunakan ''user-agent'' umum atau kosong akan diblokir. Kebijakan ini merupakan [[phab:T400119|perluasan dari penegakan]] [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Wikimedia Foundation User-Agent Policy|kebijakan ''user-agent'']] yang telah lama berlaku. Akses terhadap arsip melalui Layanan Awan Wikimedia (''Wikimedia Cloud Services'') tidak akan mengalami perubahan. * Penerapan [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|batas laju API]] global kini telah selesai sepenuhnya. Batas tersebut sudah diberlakukan pada seluruh API sesuai tingkat yang telah didokumentasikan untuk setiap kelompok pengguna. Bot yang berjalan di Toolforge atau Wikimedia Cloud Services (WMCS), maupun bot yang memiliki hak pengguna bot pada wiki mana pun, tetap dikecualikan dari pembatasan ini. Seluruh bot tetap dianjurkan mengikuti praktik terbaik yang telah didokumentasikan untuk menghindari pembatasan laju permintaan. * [https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page Wiki Portal API] akan beralih ke mode hanya-baca mulai pekan ini (15–18 Juni). Pada pekan berikutnya (22–25 Juni), seluruh URL API Portal akan dialihkan ke dokumentasi [[mw:Wikimedia APIs|Wikimedia APIs di mediaWiki.org]]. Informasi lebih lanjut tersedia di [[wikitech:API Portal/Deprecation|halaman proyek tersebut]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.7|MediaWiki]] '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * Pada 17 Juni pukul 18.00 UTC, Wikimedia Foundation akan menyelenggarakan panggilan Discord yang berfokus pada proses tinjauan kode (''code review''). Berdasarkan hasil [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Developer Satisfaction Survey/2026|Survei Kepuasan Pengembang]], banyak sukarelawan menyampaikan bahwa mereka mengalami kesulitan dalam proses tinjauan kode. Melalui diskusi ini, Wikimedia Foundation berharap dapat memahami pengalaman tersebut dan menemukan solusi yang dapat diterapkan. Siapa pun yang berminat dapat bergabung [https://discord.gg/wikipedia?event=1514727511102062664 melalui peladen Discord Komunitas Wikimedia]. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Conferencia Wikimedia de América Latina 2026|Konferensi Wikimedia Amerika Latin]] akan menyelenggarakan sebuah ''hackathon'' regional yang mempertemukan komunitas teknis gerakan Wikimedia, termasuk pengembang, pengurus sistem, ilmuwan data, dan pengguna dengan hak akses lanjutan. Kontributor teknis yang berminat dapat [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSf4osJzTHBJjQbYJk7TMVEJjTEQv7IgtsUDfP-o-qTgeRQQxw/viewform mengajukan beasiswa] partisipasi hingga 21 Juni pukul 00.00 waktu Bolivia (UTC−4). * Pendaftaran Tantangan Tim Wikimania kini telah dibuka. Kegiatan khusus ini akan berlangsung secara daring maupun luring pada 21–22 Juli, menjelang konferensi Wikimania. Semua orang dipersilakan untuk berpartisipasi, tanpa memandang tingkat keterampilan ataupun status pendaftaran Wikimania. Setiap tim akan bekerja sama menyelesaikan sepuluh tantangan penting yang mendukung komunitas Wikimedia. Informasi lebih lanjut tersedia di [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2026:Team challenges|halaman Tantangan Tim]] dan [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/wm/teamchallenges/ mendaftar di sana]. Pendaftaran akan ditutup pada 20 Juni pukul 23.00 UTC. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/25|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W25"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 15 Juni 2026 16.48 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30689604 --> == ''The Signpost'': 21 June 2026 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''</div> <div style="column-count:2;"> * From the editors: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-06-21/From the editors|Ways for beginners to support ''The Signpost'' community journalism]] * News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-06-21/News and notes|Community Tech development team disbanded]] * Disinformation report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-06-21/Disinformation report|PR for the people?]] * Recent research: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-06-21/Recent research|Proposed tagging system for AI involvement; successful and unsuccessful AI tools for contributors]] * In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-06-21/In the media|Who won a 14th century battle and who won the 2026 Iran war?]] * Community view: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-06-21/Community view|Putting the Wish into the Wishlist]] * In focus: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-06-21/In focus|A global standard for Neutral Point of View]] * On the bright side: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-06-21/On the bright side|Flowers, blue helmets, reefs, pride, and Juneteenth]] * Op-ed: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-06-21/Op-ed|Breathe, Don’t Panic, there is a different story about Wikimedia + AI futures]] * Opinion: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-06-21/Opinion|Wikimedia Foundation staff develop union and Wikimedia user community reacts]] * Technology report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-06-21/Technology report|Community Tech team is disbanded, controversy erupts]] * Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-06-21/Traffic report|'Cause this is thriller, thriller night]] * WikiConference report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-06-21/WikiConference report|Report of Volunteer Supporters Network Annual Meeting 2026]] * Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-06-21/Comix|Take your turn]] * Humour: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-06-21/Humour|Group of banned T-shirt makers comes out of hiding to sell new Wikipedia-themed merchandise]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 21 Juni 2026 03.21 (UTC) <!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --></div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Bri@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&oldid=30604303 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-26</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W26"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/26|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary|Fitur-fitur Pertumbuhan]] [[phab:T418115|kini telah tersedia di Wikidata]]. Pembaruan ini memungkinkan akses ke fitur Mentorship ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship|jika telah diatur]]), modul Dampak, Panel Bantuan, dan Beranda Pendatang Baru yang disederhanakan (tanpa fitur Suntingan yang Disarankan). Para pengurus Wikidata saat ini masih mengatur fitur-fitur tersebut melalui Konfigurasi Komunitas. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Halaman khusus [[{{#special:RangeCalculator}}]] telah dibuat. Halaman ini memungkinkan pengguna menemukan rentang alamat IP tanpa perlu mengandalkan perkakas eksternal. Sebelumnya, perkakas ini hanya tersedia bagi pengguna dengan hak Pemeriksa. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T268429] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Subreferensi]] merupakan fitur baru MediaWiki yang memungkinkan penyunting menggunakan kembali suatu rujukan dengan informasi yang berbeda-beda. Fitur ini akan diterapkan pada sebagian besar Wikipedia bahasa berukuran kecil dan menengah pada 23 Juni. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#deployment|Halaman Tanya Jawab]] (FAQ) memuat berbagai langkah yang dapat dilakukan di wiki Anda untuk mendukung penerapan tersebut. [[:phab:T414094|Rencana peluncuran]] juga tersedia untuk melihat tahapan penerapan berikutnya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T428902] * Mulai pekan depan, pengguna akan menerima pemberitahuan ketika mereka diblokir atau dicabut pemblokirannya dari penyuntingan, atau apabila terdapat perubahan terhadap pemblokiran tersebut. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T100974] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:32}} {{PLURAL:32|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Mulai pekan depan, penyaring penyalahgunaan yang diatur untuk "memerlukan verifikasi CAPTCHA" juga akan berlaku bagi pengguna yang memiliki hak <code>skipcaptcha</code>, termasuk sebagian besar pengguna yang telah terkonfirmasi secara otomatis (''autoconfirmed''). Bot dikecualikan dari perubahan ini. Perubahan tersebut hanya memengaruhi suntingan yang memicu suatu penyaring penyalahgunaan. Hak <code>skipcaptcha</code> tetap akan membebaskan pengguna dari keharusan menyelesaikan CAPTCHA dalam penggunaan wiki sehari-hari. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402595] * Dokumentasi rujukan untuk [[wikitech:Machine_Learning/LiftWing/API|Lift Wing API]] telah dipindahkan dari Portal API ke [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?api=lift-wing&title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST Sandbox] yang bersifat interaktif. * Wiki Portal API kini telah ditutup. Untuk dokumentasi API, silakan merujuk ke [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_APIs|API Wikimedia di MediaWiki]]. Seluruh URL wiki Portal API (https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/) akan dialihkan ke halaman mediawiki.org mulai 22 Juni. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427537] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.8|MediaWiki]] '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * Bergabunglah dalam pertemuan daring pada 25 Juni pukul 14.30 UTC untuk berkenalan dengan para pemagang Wikimedia saat ini dalam program [[mw:Google_Summer_of_Code/2026|Google Summer of Code]] dan [[mw:Outreachy/Round_32|Outreachy]]. Para peserta magang akan memberikan gambaran umum mengenai proyek yang mereka kerjakan dan pemaparan singkat tentang hasil pekerjaan mereka sejauh ini. Para peserta yang hadir juga didorong untuk [[mw:event:Google_Summer_of_Code/Summer_2026_June_Internship_open_session|berbagi gagasan dan menjalin koneksi dengan komunitas masing-masing]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/26|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W26"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23 Juni 2026 13.04 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30722494 --> == RFC about AI-generated content in Wikimedia Commons == <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English, please help translate this message to your language. You are invited to participate in a [[c:Commons:Requests for comment/Policy update for AI content|request for comment on Wikimedia Commons about a policy update for AI content]]. This may affect files that are uploaded to Wikimedia Commons for use on this project. Thank you. [[m:User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[m:User talk:Codename Noreste|parembugan]])</bdi> 23 Juni 2026 17.11 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Codename Noreste@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30513860 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Penerapan halaman kontak Legal dan Keamanan di bagian bawah wiki Anda</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="Message"/> '''Kontak Legal dan Keamanan''' Halo, rekan-rekan kontributor! Wikimedia Foundation telah menyediakan [[wmf:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Wikimedia Foundation Legal and Safety Contact Information|halaman kontak legal dan keamanan]] yang akan ditambahkan di bagian bawah wiki. Halaman tersebut sudah diterjemahkan ke dalam bahasa Inggris, Italia, Jerman, Spanyol, dan sebagainya. Untuk bahasa lainnya akan segera tersedia. Silakan kunjungi [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_and_Safety_Contacts_FAQ|halaman proyek]] untuk informasi selengkapnya, serta kami harapkan kesediaannya untuk meninggalkan komentar di bawah ini atau di [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Legal and Safety Contacts FAQ|halaman pembicaraan]]. <section end="Message"/> </div> -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 25 Juni 2026 13.29 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sannita_(WMF)/Mass_sending_test&oldid=30731267 --> == This Month in Education: June 2026 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 15 • Issue 6 • June 2026</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/June 2026|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/June 2026/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Wikipedia Editathon at Dinajpur Govt. College: Empowering Graduate Students in the Open Knowledge Movement|Wikipedia Editathon at Dinajpur Govt. College: Empowering Graduate Students in the Open Knowledge Movement]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Wikimedia Serbia prepares for Edu Wiki camp 2026|Wikimedia Serbia prepares for Edu Wiki camp 2026]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Wiki Digi-Youth Clubs pilot explores challenge-based learning across three countries|Wiki Digi-Youth Clubs pilot explores challenge-based learning across three countries]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Why the EduWiki Hub Starter Kit Matters for the Future of Education|Why the EduWiki Hub Starter Kit Matters for the Future of Education]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Portuguese Universities adopt free knowledge tools: Wikipedia is the favorite|Portuguese Universities adopt free knowledge tools: Wikipedia is the favorite]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Translating on Wikipedia used as extra – credit assignment in University of Prishtina, Kosovo|Translating on Wikipedia used as extra – credit assignment in University of Prishtina, Kosovo]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Strengthening Wikimedia Education Through Community Learning and Digital Literacy Initiatives|Strengthening Wikimedia Education Through Community Learning and Digital Literacy Initiatives]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Small Group, Big Impact: Building Skills Through the Wikimedia Volunteer Focus Group in Botswana|Small Group, Big Impact: Building Skills Through the Wikimedia Volunteer Focus Group in Botswana]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/"25x25 Project – Celebrating Wikipedia" in Córdoba, Argentina|"25x25 Project – Celebrating Wikipedia" in Córdoba, Argentina]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Mapping and gathering educational activities on Wiki in Brazilian universities|Mapping and gathering educational activities on Wiki in Brazilian universities]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Growing Wiki Education in the Philippines: Highlights from Bikol WikiConference 2026|Growing Wiki Education in the Philippines: Highlights from Bikol WikiConference 2026]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/From Mentee to Builder: Six Months in the EduWiki Hub Mentorship Program|From Mentee to Builder: Six Months in the EduWiki Hub Mentorship Program]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/EduWiki Hub publishes its first Community Newsletter|EduWiki Hub publishes its first Community Newsletter]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Click, Capture, and Contribute: Scaling Open Knowledge Through Mobile Photography|Click, Capture, and Contribute: Scaling Open Knowledge Through Mobile Photography]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Education in Action: Limkokwing School Adoption Program 2026 and Wikimedia Learning Outcomes|Education in Action: Limkokwing School Adoption Program 2026 and Wikimedia Learning Outcomes]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Impact of Wiki Digi youth Clubs initiative in education of Rwanda|Impact of Wiki Digi youth Clubs initiative in education of Rwanda]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 28 Juni 2026 04.15 (UTC)</div> </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:ZI Jony@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=30725833 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-27</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W27"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/27|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Sebagai bagian dari [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|Eksperimen Pembuatan Akun]], tim Pertumbuhan (''Growth'') menguji penambahan ikon akun pengguna pada tajuk versi web seluler bagi pengguna yang belum masuk log. Ikon tersebut menyediakan akses langsung ke opsi "Buat akun" dan "Masuk log". Hasil uji coba menunjukkan bahwa perubahan ini meningkatkan pembuatan akun sekitar 20% tanpa berdampak negatif terhadap kualitas suntingan atau tingkat suntingan yang bersifat konstruktif. Fitur ini akan mulai diterapkan di seluruh wiki Wikimedia Foundation pada versi web seluler pada minggu pertama bulan Juli. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T428220] * Setelah melalui [[phab:T426248|uji coba yang berhasil]], pengguna yang sudah masuk log tetapi belum [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email_confirmation|mengonfirmasi alamat surelnya]] saat akun dibuat kini akan melihat sebuah spanduk baru yang mengingatkan mereka untuk menyelesaikan proses tersebut. Langkah ini membantu mengurangi risiko pengguna kehilangan akses ke akun mereka, dan meningkatkan keandalan alamat surel yang terhubung dengan akun. Perubahan ini merupakan bagian dari proyek [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Keamanan Akun]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T428292] * Pembaruan pada fitur [[Special:Search|Pencarian]] menyempurnakan cara kerja <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>-prefix:</nowiki></code></bdi> ketika digunakan untuk mengecualikan hasil pencarian. Sebelumnya, penggunaan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>-prefix:</nowiki></code></bdi> dengan negasi dapat secara tidak sengaja memperluas hasil pencarian dengan menambahkan ruang nama yang termasuk dalam cakupan pencarian, sehingga perilakunya membingungkan bagi pengguna yang mengharapkan penyaring pengecualian yang sederhana. Melalui pembaruan ini, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>-prefix:</nowiki></code></bdi> kini hanya akan mengecualikan judul halaman yang sesuai sebagaimana mestinya, dan dapat menampilkan peringatan apabila ruang nama yang relevan belum dipilih secara eksplisit. Sementara itu, perilaku <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>prefix:</nowiki></code></bdi> tanpa negasi tetap tidak mengalami perubahan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427443] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:33}} {{PLURAL:33|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah yang menyebabkan peninjau yang menggunakan bilah alat Kurasi Halaman (''Page Curation'') tidak secara otomatis berlangganan diskusi halaman pembicaraan yang mereka mulai kini telah diperbaiki. Mulai sekarang, peninjau akan menerima pemberitahuan ketika seseorang membalas diskusi tersebut. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T329346] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Mulai 29 Juni, unduhan otomatis dari situs web dumps.wikimedia.org akan mengikuti [[Foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Wikimedia Foundation User-Agent Policy|kebijakan agen pengguna]]. Permintaan otomatis yang menggunakan agen pengguna umum atau kosong akan diblokir. Akses ke arsip melalui Layanan Awan Wikimedia tidak akan terpengaruh. Perubahan ini merupakan tindak lanjut dari pengumuman yang disampaikan pada [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/25|Berita Teknis edisi 2026/25]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.9|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/27|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W27"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 29 Juni 2026 11.47 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30744833 --> 7n7nk1eoooxteazltkmbs2yotxfa4u7 Permesta 0 199941 1751940 1751860 2026-07-30T06:45:10Z AyamJawa 73841 /* */ 1751940 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox military conflict|conflict=Permesta|partof=Separatisme Permesta|date=2 Maret 1957 – 1961|place=Indonesia Wétan|result=Dipatèni déning pamaréntah pusat|combatant1={{flag|Indonesia}}<br>Presiden [[Soekarno]]<br>Jenderal [[AH Nasution]] |combatant2=Separatisme [[Permesta]]<br>Mayjen [[Dolf Runturambi]] |commander2= Letkol [[Ventje Sumual]]<br>Kolonel [[Joop Warouw]]<br>Kolonel [[Alex Kawilarang]]}}'''Permesta''' (cekakan saka ''Perjuangan Semesta'' utawa ''Perjuangan Rakyat Semesta'', ejaan Republik: ''Perdjoangan Rakjat Semesta'') ya iku gerakan militèr lan pulitik ing [[Indonesia]] sing diproklamasèkaké tanggal 2 Maret 1957 ing [[Makassar]] Pinda Ke [[Manado]]. Gerakan iki dipimpin déning perwira militèr lan tokoh sipil saka wilayah Indonesia pérangan wétan. == Latar wuri == Permesta tuwuh amarga rasa ora marem saka sawetara elit dhaérah marang kawicaksanan pamaréntah pusat ing [[Jakarta]] sing dianggep banget sentralistis. Wilayah kaya [[Sulawesi]] lan [[Sumatra]] ngrasa yèn pangembangan ékonomi lan pembagian dana pembangunan ora adil. Sanajan mangkono, wiwitané Permesta ora nduwé tujuan misah saka Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia, nanging luwih nuntut otonomi dhaérah sing luwih amba lan pembaruan sistem pamaréntahan. == Proklamasi == Tanggal 2 Maret 1957, Letkol [[Ventje Sumual]] ngumumaké ''Piagam Perjuangan Semesta'' ing Makassar. Ing piagam kasebut ditegesaké yèn perjuangan iki dimaksudaké kanggo ndandani nasib rakyat lan nerusaké cita-cita revolusi nasional. Sawisé dhukungan ing Sulawesi Kidul saya suda, markas Permesta dipindhah menyang [[Manado]] ing [[Sulawesi Lor]]. == Hubungan karo PRRI == Tanggal 15 Februari 1958, ing [[Padang]] diproklamasèkaké [[Pemerintah Revolusioner Republik Indonesia]] (PRRI). Sawetara tokoh Permesta mèlu gabung ing struktur PRRI, lan Ventje Sumual diangkat dadi panglima militèr. Gabungan gerakan iki banjur nyebabaké konflik bersenjata karo pamaréntah pusat. == Konflik bersenjata == Pamaréntah pusat nindakake operasi militèr kanggo ngrebut manèh wilayah-wilayah sing dikuasani Permesta. Operasi kasebut kalebu Operasi Merdeka lan Operasi Sapta Marga.Ing taun 1961, gerakan Permesta kasil dipatèni lan akeh pimpinané bali marang Republik Indonesia. == Delengen uga == * [[Pemerintah Revolusioner Republik Indonesia]] * [[Sejarah Indonesia]] * [[Tentara Nasional Indonesia]] [[Kategori:Sejarah Indonesia]] [[Kategori:Pemberontakan ing Indonesia]] [[Kategori:Sulawesi]] pz6fpvzda74jyo9ijxyedpzs8rstt7a PRRI 0 200629 1751941 1751858 2026-07-30T06:47:52Z AyamJawa 73841 /* */ 1751941 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox military conflict|conflict=PRRI|partof=Separatisme PRRI|date=2 Maret 1957 – 1961|place=Indonesia Wétan|result=Dipatèni déning pamaréntah pusat|combatant1={{flag|Indonesia}}<br>Presiden [[Soekarno]]<br>Jenderal [[AH Nasution]] |combatant2=Separatisme PRRI<br>Mayjen [[Dolf Runturambi]] |commander2= Kolonel [[Maludin Simbolon]]<br>Kolonel [[Dahlan Djambek]]<br>Letkol [[Ahmad Husain]]}} Separatisme '''PRRI''' Pemerintah Revolusioner Republik Indonesia (cekakan saka, ejaan Republik: [[Ahmad Husein]] ya iku gerakan militèr lan pulitik ing [[Indonesia]] sing diproklamasèkaké tanggal 2 Maret 1957 ing [[Palembang]] pinda ke [[Padang]]. Gerakan iki dipimpin déning perwira militèr lan tokoh sipil saka wilayah Indonesia pérangan wétan. =Latar wuri= PRRI tuwuh amarga rasa ora marem saka sawetara elit dhaérah marang kawicaksanan pamaréntah pusat ing Jakarta sing dianggep banget sentralistis. Wilayah kaya Sumatra ngrasa yèn pangembangan ékonomi lan pembagian dana pembangunan ora adil. Sanajan mangkono, wiwitané PRRI ora nduwé tujuan misah saka Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia, nanging luwih nuntut otonomi dhaérah sing luwih amba lan pembaruan sistem pamaréntahan. ==Proklamasi== Tanggal 2 Maret 1957, Letkol Ahmad Husein ngumumaké Piagam Pejuang PRRI ing Palembang. Ing piagam kasebut ditegesaké yèn perjuangan iki dimaksudaké kanggo ndandani nasib rakyat lan nerusaké cita-cita revolusi nasional. Sawisé dhukungan ing Sumatera Kidul saya suda, markas PRRI dipindhah menyang Palembang ing Sumatera Lor. ==Hubungan karo PRRI== Tanggal 15 Februari 1958, ing Padang diproklamasèkaké Pemerintah Revolusioner Republik Indonesia (PRRI). Sawetara tokoh Permesta mèlu gabung ing struktur PRRI, lan Ventje Sumual diangkat dadi panglima militèr. Gabungan gerakan iki banjur nyebabaké konflik bersenjata karo pamaréntah pusat. =Konflik bersenjata= Pamaréntah pusat nindakake operasi militèr kanggo ngrebut manèh wilayah-wilayah sing dikuasani Permesta/PRRI Pimpinan Semuel Dolf Runturambi. Operasi kasebut kalebu Operasi Merdeka lan Operasi Sapta Marga.Ing taun 1961, gerakan Permesta kasil dipatèni lan akeh pimpinané bali marang Republik Indonesia. =Delengen uga= Pemerintah Revolusioner Republik Indonesia Sejarah Indonesia Tentara Nasional Indonesia n4ka0dfmu53n99j5m9dm1cw0kjrwafy 1751942 1751941 2026-07-30T06:55:58Z AyamJawa 73841 /* */ 1751942 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox military conflict|conflict=PRRI|partof=Separatisme PRRI|date=2 Maret 1957 – 1961|place=Indonesia Wétan|result=Dipatèni déning pamaréntah pusat|combatant1={{flag|Indonesia}}<br>Presiden [[Soekarno]]<br>Jenderal [[AH Nasution]] |combatant2=Separatisme PRRI<br>Mayjen [[Dolf Runturambi]] |commander2= Kolonel [[Maludin Simbolon]]<br>Kolonel [[Dahlan Djambek]]<br>Letkol [[Ahmad Husain]]}} Separatisme '''PRRI''' Pemerintah Revolusioner Republik Indonesia (cekakan saka, ejaan Republik: [[Ahmad Husein]] ya iku gerakan militèr lan pulitik ing [[Indonesia]] sing diproklamasèkaké tanggal 2 Maret 1957 ing [[Palembang]] pinda ke [[Medan]]. Gerakan iki dipimpin déning perwira militèr lan tokoh sipil saka wilayah Indonesia pérangan wétan. =Latar wuri= PRRI tuwuh amarga rasa ora marem saka sawetara elit dhaérah marang kawicaksanan pamaréntah pusat ing Jakarta sing dianggep banget sentralistis. Wilayah kaya Sumatra ngrasa yèn pangembangan ékonomi lan pembagian dana pembangunan ora adil. Sanajan mangkono, wiwitané PRRI ora nduwé tujuan misah saka Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia, nanging luwih nuntut otonomi dhaérah sing luwih amba lan pembaruan sistem pamaréntahan. ==Proklamasi== Tanggal 2 Maret 1957, Letkol Ahmad Husein ngumumaké Piagam Pejuang PRRI ing Palembang. Ing piagam kasebut ditegesaké yèn perjuangan iki dimaksudaké kanggo ndandani nasib rakyat lan nerusaké cita-cita revolusi nasional. Sawisé dhukungan ing Sumatera Kidul saya suda, markas PRRI dipindhah menyang Palembang ing Sumatera Lor. ==Hubungan karo PRRI== Tanggal 15 Februari 1958, ing Padang diproklamasèkaké Pemerintah Revolusioner Republik Indonesia (PRRI). Sawetara tokoh Permesta mèlu gabung ing struktur PRRI, lan Ventje Sumual diangkat dadi panglima militèr. Gabungan gerakan iki banjur nyebabaké konflik bersenjata karo pamaréntah pusat. =Konflik bersenjata= Pamaréntah pusat nindakake operasi militèr kanggo ngrebut manèh wilayah-wilayah sing dikuasani Permesta/PRRI Pimpinan Semuel Dolf Runturambi. Operasi kasebut kalebu Operasi Merdeka lan Operasi Sapta Marga.Ing taun 1961, gerakan Permesta kasil dipatèni lan akeh pimpinané bali marang Republik Indonesia. =Delengen uga= Pemerintah Revolusioner Republik Indonesia Sejarah Indonesia Tentara Nasional Indonesia 8rb4wm1w7xmyzf1qmdqw72ujfto7wiq PETA 0 200632 1751939 1751880 2026-07-30T06:42:30Z AyamJawa 73841 /* */ 1751939 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox military conflict|conflict=PETA "Pejuang Tana Air"|partof=Separatisme PETA|date=17 Agustus 1950|place=Indonesia Wétan|result=Dipatèni déning pamaréntah pusat|combatant1={{flag|Indonesia}}<br>Presiden [[Soekarno]]<br>{{flag|Indonesia}} [[Militer]] |combatant2=Separatisme PETA <br>'''Dr''' [[Alexander Piter Runturambi]] |commander2='''Drs''' [[Loudowik Epou Runturambi]]<br>Militer [[Semuel Dolf Runturambi]]<br>Militer [[Herman Neles Runturambi]]<br>Militer [[Tommy Lobe Runturambi]]<br>Militer [[Freddy Hend Runturambi]]}} Separatisme '''PETA''' Pembela Tana Air (cekakan saka, ejaan Republik: [[Dolfedor Semuel (Dolf) Runturambi]] Atau [[Semuel Dolf Runturambi]] Atau [[Dolf Runturambi]] Atau [[DS Runturambi]] ya iku gerakan militèr lan pulitik ing [[PETA]] Di mulai 17 Agustus 1950 sing diproklamasèkaké tanggal 23 Agustus 1950 ing [[Palembang]], [[Bandung]], [[Manado]] Dan [[Balikpapan]]. Gerakan iki dipimpin déning perwira militèr lan tokoh sipil saka wilayah Indonesia pérangan wétan. =PETA pejuang Tana air= Mereka bukan pemberontak tapi mereka hanya menuntut otonomi pembangunan daerah yang ada di wilayah-wilayah terpencil tapi protes ini menjadi perang dingin. 5qtr9ko8dkuh3cgkxmt3uxlza5eezcp Richard Poe 0 200636 1751913 1751903 2026-07-29T16:00:41Z Meursault2004 3 sithik 1751913 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Richard Poe''' (lair 25 Januari 1946) iku sawijiné aktor Amérika Sarékat. Dhèwèké tau nyambut gawé ing film, télévisi lan ing Broadway. == Babad slira == Richard Poe lair ing Portola, California. [[Kategori:Lair 1946]] [[Kategori:Wong urip]] [[Kategori:Paraga Star Trek]] d4475tsjml60629o8xnm2kmw3klods8 Parembugan Naraguna:Roopeank 3 200637 1751912 2026-07-29T13:27:17Z Ternarius 22386 Ternarius ngalih kaca [[Parembugan Naraguna:Roopeank]] menyang [[Parembugan Naraguna:LasseKeskinen]]: Otomatis ngalih kaca nalika ngganti jeneng naraguna "[[Special:CentralAuth/Roopeank|Roopeank]]" dadi "[[Special:CentralAuth/LasseKeskinen|LasseKeskinen]]" 1751912 wikitext text/x-wiki #ALIH [[Parembugan Naraguna:LasseKeskinen]] kdv1skvmjsckqaj33lsdps653v9pmgi Karagaman hayati 0 200638 1751930 2026-07-30T02:23:16Z Nasudi 68472 Ndamel artikel anyar 1751930 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Karagaman hayati''' iku manèka warna kabéh wujud urip ing [[bumi]], saka [[Genetika|génétika]], [[Spesies|spèsiès]], nganti [[Ekosistem|èkosistem]]. Karagaman iki nyalip manèka werna [[flora]] lan [[fauna]] sing urip ing dharatan lan segara, uga [[mikroorganisme]] lan prosès èkologis sing ndhukung kaslametané [[organisme]] urip.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://yiari.or.id/keanekaragaman-hayati/|title=Apa itu Keanekaragaman Hayati? Pengertian, Tingkatan, Klasifikasi, dan Upaya Pelestarian|last=Latifatunnisa|first=Hasna|date=2024-11-25|website=Yayasan Inisiasi Alam Rehabilitasi Indonesia (YIARI)|access-date=2026-07-30}}</ref> == Rujukan == 5zvobznrsgqiihhbuj1kfqbrgzww9r7 1751934 1751930 2026-07-30T05:53:51Z Meursault2004 3 sithik 1751934 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Karagaman hayati''' iku manèka warna kabéh wujud urip ing [[bumi]], saka [[Genetika|génétika]], [[Spesies|spèsiès]], nganti [[Ekosistem|èkosistem]]. Karagaman iki nyalip manèka werna [[flora]] lan [[fauna]] sing urip ing dharatan lan segara, uga [[mikroorganisme]] lan prosès èkologis sing ndhukung kaslametané [[organisme]] urip.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://yiari.or.id/keanekaragaman-hayati/|title=Apa itu Keanekaragaman Hayati? Pengertian, Tingkatan, Klasifikasi, dan Upaya Pelestarian|last=Latifatunnisa|first=Hasna|date=2024-11-25|website=Yayasan Inisiasi Alam Rehabilitasi Indonesia (YIARI)|access-date=2026-07-30}}</ref> == Réferènsi == {{reflist}} [[Kategori:Biologi]] rwmw0n4it5jn7kpso8gkmblqzqp5yyw Parembugan:Karagaman hayati 1 200639 1751936 2026-07-30T06:24:28Z Meursault2004 3 /* Karagaman hayati? */ pérangan anyar 1751936 wikitext text/x-wiki == Karagaman hayati? == Tembung ''Karagaman hayati'' kaya tetembungan basa Indonésia ''keragaman hayati''. ''Ragam'' kuwi manéka warna ing basa Jawa. Dadi luwih becik irah-irahané manéka warnané urip utawa sing mèmper. [[User:Meursault2004|Meursault2004]]<sup>[[User_talk:Meursault2004|ngobrol]]</sup> 30 Juli 2026 06.24 (UTC) seslpqf7tuskc3x7epwbot3w9u2yeex Salome Jens 0 200640 1751938 2026-07-30T06:26:30Z Meursault2004 3 Rintisan saka [[:en:Salome Jens|]] 1751938 wikitext text/x-wiki {{inuse}} '''Salome Jens''' (lair 1935) iku sawijiné aktris Amérika Sarékat. [[Kategori:Lair 1935]] n5egpg2jeplb1pkgv70ddf93i3ahcys