Wikipédia jvwiki https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Pendhapa MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.13 first-letter Médhia Mirunggan Parembugan Naraguna Parembugan Naraguna Wikipédia Parembugan Wikipédia Barkas Parembugan Barkas MédhiaWiki Parembugan MédhiaWiki Cithakan Parembugan Cithakan Pitulung Parembugan Pitulung Kategori Parembugan Kategori Gapura Parembugan Gapura TimedText TimedText talk Modhul Parembugan Modhul Acara Pembicaraan Acara 0 648 1752176 1734994 2026-08-03T14:40:44Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1752176 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:Traditional indonesian instruments02.jpg|thumb|250 px| Saperangkat instrumen Gamelan]] '''Gamelan''' iku [[kagunan]] [[musik]] tetabuhan [[tradhisional]] asli saka [[Indonésia]] mligi ing [[pulo]] [[Jawa]], [[Madura]], [[Bali]], lan [[Lombok]].<ref name="internet2"/> Tembung gamelan dhéwé iku asalé saka [[basa Jawa]] yaiku "gamel" kang duwé makna "tabuh".<ref name="internet1"/> Isi gamelan iku saprangkat [[piranti musik]] kang dinggo ngiringi [[tembang]], utawa ditabuh tanpa [[tembang]] minangka klenèngan.<ref name="internet2"/> Jinis musik iki kasebar nganti [[pulo]]-[[pulo]] ing saindenging tlatah [[Nusantara]], lan saiki malah wis kasebar rata nganti [[Amérika]], [[Éropah]], lan tlatah liyané.<ref name="internet2"/> Jinis musik tradhisional liya kang mèmper karo gamelan uga ana ing [[Filipina]], [[Malaysia]], lan [[Suriname]].<ref name="internet1"/> Gamelan duwé [[melodhi|mélodhi]] kang [[magis]] utawa nduwé daya ''supranatural'', mula swarané gamelan diarani [[mélodi|mélodhi]] utawa wirama [[perkusi]] kang magis.<ref name="internet1"/> [[Pagelaran]] gamelan uga ana kang ngarani [[orkestra]] gamelan Jawa.<ref name="internet1"/>{{fact}} Ing [[buku]] kang irah-irahané ''Music of Java'', [[Jaap Kunst]] nerangaké yèn gamelan iku kaya ''komparasi'' saka [[cahya]] [[rembulan]] lan iliné [[banyu]], misterius kaya [[cahya]] rembulan lan obah utawa dinamis kaya milining [[banyu]].<ref name="internet1">[http://www.joglosemar.co.id/gamelan.html joglosemar.co.id] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411010745/http://www.joglosemar.co.id/gamelan.html |date=2021-04-11 }}(dipunundhuh tanggal 30 Mèi 2011)</ref> Gamelan kalebu pérangan ing [[kabudayan]] [[Jawa]].<ref name="internet1"/> Ing Jawa gamelan lumrahé kanggo musik pangiring [[pagelaran]] [[wayang kulit]] utawa [[ringgit]], [[jogèd]], [[uyon-uyon]].<ref name="internet1"/> Jinisé [[laras]] ing gamelan ana loro yaiku laras [[pélog]] lan laras [[sléndra|sléndro]].<ref name="internet1"/> Saben sèt gamelan duwé instrumén kanggo [[laras]] [[pélog]] lan [[sléndra|sléndro]].<ref name="internet1"/> == Fungsi == 1. Ricikan/[[instrumèn]] gamelan sajeroning [[karawitan]] kanthi fungsional musikal digolongaké dadi telung golongan, yaiku <ref name="internet4"/>; * Golongan ricikan [[balungan]], yaiku; ricikan-ricikan kang [[lagu]] dolanané iku cedhak banget karo rangka [[gendhing]] ([[balungan]] [[gendhing]])<ref name="internet4">[http://www.isi-dps.ac.id/berita/fungsi-instrumen-gamelan-dalam-karawitan-jawa] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110102133147/http://www.isi-dps.ac.id/berita/fungsi-instrumen-gamelan-dalam-karawitan-jawa |date=2011-01-02 }} (diundhuh tanggal 09 Juni 2011)</ref>. Ricikan utawa instrumèn gamelan ing golongan iki, yaiku; # [[Saron]] <ref name="internet4"/>. # [[Demung]]<ref name="internet4"/>. # [[Saron barung]]<ref name="internet4"/>. # [[Saron panerus]]<ref name="internet4"/>. # [[Slenthem]]<ref name="internet4"/>. # [[Bonang panembung]]<ref name="internet4"/>. * Golongan ricikan/instrumèn garap, yaiku; ricikan-ricikan kang nggarapaké [[balungan]] [[gendhing]], kang kanthi cara nafsiraké banjur nerjemahaké liwat [[vokabulèr]]-[[vokabulèr]] ([[konvensi]]) garapan.<ref name="internet4"/> Ricikan/instrumèn kang kalebu ing golongan mau, yaiku <ref name="internet4"/>: * [[Rebab]] * [[Kendang]] * [[Gendèr]] [[barung]] * [[Gendèr penerus]] * [[Bonang]] * [[Bonang panerus]] * [[Siter]] * [[Suling]] * [[Gambang]] * [[Sindhèn]] * [[Gérong]] * Kelompok ricikan utawa instrumèn struktural, yaiku; ricikan-ricikan kang agawé raketing [[dolanan]] kanthi minangka struktur dhedhasar (nentukaké) wujud [[gendhing]].<ref name="internet4"/> Ricikan utawa instrumèn kang kalebu ing golongan mau, yaiku <ref name="internet4"/>; * [[Kethuk]]<ref name="internet4"/>. * [[Kempyang]]<ref name="internet4"/>. * [[Engkuk]]<ref name="internet4"/>. * [[Kenong]]<ref name="internet4"/>. * [[Kempul]]<ref name="internet4"/>. * [[Gong]]<ref name="internet4"/>. * [[Kecer]]<ref name="internet4"/>. * [[Kemanak]]<ref name="internet4"/>. * [[Keplok alok]]<ref name="internet4"/>. * [[Kendhang]]<ref name="internet4"/>. == Instrumèn == * [[Kendhang]] * [[Saron]] * [[Bonang Barung]] * [[Bonang panerus]] * [[Slenthem]] * [[Gender Barung]] * [[Gender Penerus]] * [[Gambang]] * [[Gong]] * [[Kempul]] * [[Kenong]] * [[Kethuk]] * [[Clempung]] * [[Siter]] * [[Suling]] * [[Rebab]] * [[Keprak]] utawa [[Kepyak]] * [[Bedhug]] == Sajarah == Musik gamelan duwé [[sajarah]] kang tuwa saumuran karo kasebaré budaya [[Hindhu]] lan [[Buda]] ing [[Nusantara]]. Mliginé nalika kawanguné [[karajan]]-karajan gedhé kaya [[karajan Majapahit]]. Jaman [[Majapahit]] iki piranti gamelan wiwit kawangun. Mula-mula, [[gamelan Jawa]] iku kasil saka [[budaya]] [[Hindhu]] kang banjur kagubah déning [[Sunan Bonang]].{{fact}} Kagunan perkembangané musik Jawa iki kira-kira ana pas anané [[kentongan]], [[rebab]], [[tepukan tutuk]] saka anané gèsèkan ana [[tali]] utawa pring tipis nganti nuju prakembangané piranti musik saka bahan [[logam]]. Ngrembakané musik gamelan diperkirakaké nalika anané [[kenthongan]], rebab, tepukan, banjur gèsèkan ing tali utawa pring tipis nganti tekan piranti musik kang digawé saka [[logam]]. Gamelan Jawa kalebu musik kanthi nada [[pentatonis]]. Nalika dituthuk kanggo ngiringi gendhing. Gamelan Jawa duwé rong puteran yaiku [[sléndra|sléndro]] lan [[pélog]]. Sléndro duwé limang nada saben oktaf yaiku 1 2 3 5 6 [C-D E+ G A]. Nadha slendro duwé [[interval]] kang kacèké mung sithik. Déné pélog duwé 7 nadha saben [[oktaf]] yaiku 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 [C+ D E-F# G# A B] kanhti [[interval]] kang bedané utawa kacèké akèh. Komposisi musik gamelan digawé kanthi aturan-aturan kang gumahtok, yaiku gamelan ana rong puteran lan duwé [[pathet]], ana watesé sak gongan lan melodhiné digawé ing ''unit'' kang kasusun saka [[4]] [[nadha]]. Zoetmulder ngandharaken bilih tembung [[gamel]] kaliyan piranti musik perkusi yaiku piranti musik ingkang ditabuh. Miturut basa Bali[[Bali]] wonten istilah [[gambèlan]] ingkang dados gamelan. Konon, ing mitologi Jawa, gamelan dipunriptakken déning Sang hyang Guru[[Sang Hyang Guru]] ing [[warsa Saka]], déwa ingkang mandhégani sadaya Tanah Jawa, kaliyan [[pura]] ing Gunung [[Mahendra]] ing [[Medangkamulan]] (sapunika [[Gunung Lawu]]). [[Sang Hyang Guru]] punika nyiptakaken 2 Gong kanggé ngundang [[arwah]] [[déwa-déwa]], lajeng saged kasusun set gamelan. Gamelan ing jaman rumiyin dipundamel saking watu, wit-witan, balung kéwan. Nalika ing jaman [[modhèren]] sapunika, piranti gamelan dipunriptakaken kanthi nglampahi [[prosès]] indhustri, ingkang bahanipun warni-warni. Gamelan saged dipundamel saking [[timah putih (Sn)]] lan [[tembaga (Cu)]], ugi saged dipundamel saking [[kuningan]], [[singen]], utawa [[Wesi]]. Gamelan lumrahé kanggo ngiringi [[jogèd]]an, utawa [[kagunan]] pertunjukkan kaya ta [[wayang]] [[kulit]] lan [[kethoprak]].Gamelan lumrahé kanggo ngiringi swara penyanyi Jawa.Penyanyi kang lanang diarani [[wiraswara]] déné penyanyi kang wadon jenengé [[waranggana]]. Kagunan gamelan kang kerep dipentasaké jaman saiki wujud gamelan klasik lan kontemporèr. Salah sijiné gamelan kontemporèr yaiku [[jazz]]-gamelan kang duwé campuran musik kang nadhané [[pentatonis]] lan [[diatonis]]. Salah sijiné panggonan kanggo ndeleng [[kagunan]] gamelan yaiku ing [[Kraton Yogyakarta]]. Lumrahé dianakaké ing [[Bangsal Sri Maganti]]. Déné kanggo ndeleng prangkat gamelan kang umuré wis tuwa yaiku ing panggonan [[bangsal]] liyané kang manggon rada memburi. == Bukti Otentik == Nalika jaman Majapahit, instrument gamelan ngalami perkembangan kang apik banget kanthi ngraih wujud nganti saiki lan kasebar ing manéka [[laladan]], kaya ta <ref name="internet6">[http://wonojoyo.com/sejarah-gamelan-jawa/] (diundhuh tanggal 09 Juni 2011)</ref>: # [[Bali]]<ref name="internet6"/>. # [[Sunda]] utawa [[Jawa Barat]]<ref name="internet6"/>. Bukti otentik kang sepisanan babagan kaanan gamelan tinemu ing [[Candhi Borobudur]], [[Magelang]] [[Jawa Tengah]] kang ngadeg awit [[abad]] kaping [[8]]. Ing [[relief]]é katon manéka piranti kaya ta <ref name="internet6"/>: * suling bambu<ref name="internet6"/>. * lonceng<ref name="internet6"/>. * kendhang (ing manéka ukuran)<ref name="internet6"/>. * kecapi<ref name="internet6"/>. * instrument kang ana ''dawai'' utawa [[senar]]é kang biyasa digésék lan dipetik, kalebu sithik gambaran babagan èlemèn instrumen [[logam]]<ref name="internet6"/>. Perkembangan sawisé iku, gamelan kanggo ngiringi pagelaran [[wayang]] lan [[jogèd]]an <ref name="internet6"/>. Kanthi akhiré ngadheg dhéwé minangka [[musik]] dhéwé lan dijangkepi karo swara para [[sindhen]]<ref name="internet6"/>. == Jinis == Jinis gamelan warna-warna lan kapérang miturut laras lan tlatah panyebarané. Munculé gamelan didhisiki karo [[budaya]] [[Hindhu]]-[[Buda]] kang ndominasi [[Indonèsia]] kanthi awal mangsa pencatatan sajarah, kang uga makili [[kagunan]] asli [[Indonésia]] <ref name="internet5">[http://kamusjawa.com/?p=112](diundhuh tanggal 16 Juni 2011)</ref>. Instrumené dikembangaké kanthi dhapuré kaya mangkéné iki ing jaman Karajan [[Majapahit]] <ref name="internet5"/>. Ing pambedané karo [[musik]] [[India]], siji-sijiné dampak ke-[[India]]-an ing [[musik]] gamelan yaiku kepriyé cara nyanyikaké <ref name="internet5"/>. Ing [[mitologi]] [[Jawa]], gamelan diciptakaké déning [[Sang Hyang Guru]] ing mangsa [[Saka]], [[déwa]] kang nguwasani kabèh [[tanah]] [[Jawa]], kanthi [[pura]] ing [[gunung]] [[Mahendra]] ing [[Medangkamulan]] (saiki [[Gunung Lawu]]) <ref name="internet5"/>. [[Sang Hyang Guru]] pertamané nyiptakaké [[gong]] kanggo ngundhang para [[déwa]] <ref name="internet5"/>. Kanggo pesen kang luwih mligi banjur nyiptakaké rong [[gong]], sawisé iku dumadi set gamelan <ref name="internet5"/>. === Miturut larasé === * Gamelan laras [[sléndro]] * Gamelan laras [[pélog]], béda karo gamelan laras Slendralaras pélog ana angka 4 (papat) karo [[7]] (pitu). Dadi titi laras ing laras pélog duwé 7 nada pepaka yaiku 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 * Gamelan laras prawa (Pasisir) === Miturut tlatah sumebaré === Saben laladan ing Nusantara nduwé gamelan kang béda-béda miturut tlatah budayané, [[piranti gamelan]] kang dianggo uga rupa-rupa lan béda-béda. * [[Gamelan Jawa]] Gamelan Jawa yaiku musik kang cinipta saka paduan [[swara]] [[gong]], [[kenong]], lan piranti musik [[Jawa]] liyané.<ref name="internet2"/> Irama musik kang alus nggambaraké kaselarasan urip wong [[Jawa]] kang nggawé tenang jiwa nalika dirungokaké.<ref name="internet2">[http://www.yogyes.com/id/yogyakarta-tourism-object/performance/gamelan-show/ yogyes.com](dipunundhuh tanggal 1 Juni 2011)</ref> [[Gamelan Jawa]] ngrembaka ing [[Yogyakarta]].<ref name="internet2"/> [[Gamelan Jawa]] béda karo [[Gamelan Bali]] lan [[Gamelan Sunda]]<ref name="internet2"/>. [[Gamelan Jawa]] duwé nada kang luwih alus lan ''slow'', béda karo gamelan [[Bali]] kang [[rancak]] lan [[gamelan Sunda]] kang didominasi swara [[suling]] <ref name="internet2"/>. Gamelan-gamelan iki béda amarga [[Jawa]] duwé pandangan urip dhéwé kang béda karo [[Sunda]] utawa [[Bali]], déné pandangan urip iki digambaraké sajeroning irama [[musik]] [[gamelan Jawa]].<ref name="internet2"/> Pandangan urip Jawa kang digambaraké sajeroning musik gamelan yaiku kaselarasan kauripan jasmani lan rohani, kaselarasan sajeroning omongan lan tumindak saéngga minangka [[toléransi]] ing sasama.<ref name="internet2"/> Wujud nyata ing musik [[gamelan Jawa]] yaiku tarikan [[tali]] [[rebab]] kang sedengan, paduan seimbang [[swara]] [[kenong]], [[srin]], [[kendang]] lan [[gambang]] lan [[swara]] [[gong]] kanggo nutup irama.<ref name="internet2"/> Gamelan lumrahé dianggo ngiringi pagelaran [[wayang]] lan [[jogèd]]-[[jogèd]]an.<ref name="internet2"/> Saliyané [[musik]], gamelan Jawa uga ana swara sindhén kang nembangaké [[lancaran]], [[ladrang]], lan [[gendhing]]-[[gendhing]] [[Jawa]].<ref name="internet2"/> Saperangkat gamelan diisi karo akèh piranti musik.<ref name="internet2"/> Piranti musik iki yaiku piranti usik kaya [[drum]] kang dirani [[kendang]], [[rebab]] lan [[celempung]], [[gambang]], [[gong]] lan [[suling]] [[pring]].<ref name="internet2"/> Komponèn utama kang nyusun piranti-piranti musik gamelan yaiku [[pring]], [[logam]], lan [[kayu]]<ref name="internet2"/>.Saben piranti musik duwé fungsi dhéwé-dhéwé ing pagelaran musik.<ref name="internet2"/> Kaya ta gong kang duwé peran kanggo nutup irama musik kang dawa lan ménéhi kaseimbangan sawisé musik diiringi irama [[gendhing]] <ref name="internet2"/>. * [[Gamelan Banyuwangen]] * [[Gamelan Banyumasan]] * [[Gamelan Sundha]] * [[Gamelan Crebonan]] * [[Gamelan Bali]] == Pathet == Ing laras sléndro ana telung pathet.<ref name="internet1"/> * Sléndro pathet nem * Sléndro pathet sanga * Sléndro pathet manyura Ing laras pélog uga ana telung pathet.<ref name="internet1"/> * Pélog pathet lima * Pélog pathet nem * Pélog pathet barang Pathet iku kaya ta panggonan kanggo gendhing utawa kang ngatur [[gendhing]].<ref name="internet1"/> Ing [[wayang kulit]] yèn ditanggap ing wayah [[bengi]] uga nggunakaké pathet ing tabuhan gamelan.<ref name="internet1"/> Pathet iki mertandaké wayah.<ref name="internet1"/> * Sléndro pathet nem saka jam 09.00-12.00 [[bengi]] * Sléndro pathet sanga saka 00.00-03.00 [[ésuk]] * Sléndro pathet manyura saka 03.00-06.00 ésuk == Gladri == <gallery> Gambar:Traditional indonesian instruments.jpg|balungan Gambar:Traditional indonesian drums.jpg|kendhang Gambar:Traditional indonesian instruments04.jpg|gong Gambar:Gamelan of Bali 200507-4.jpg|bonang Gambar:Traditional indonesian stringed instrument.jpg|celempung </gallery> == Cathetan suku == {{reflist}} == Pranala njaba == * [http://www.calarts.edu/~drummond/gendhing.html Gendhing Jawa] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070202230324/http://www.calarts.edu/~drummond/gendhing.html |date=2007-02-02 }} * [http://www.gamelan.org/ American Gamelan Institute] * [http://www.seasite.niu.edu/Indonésian/Budaya_Bangsa/Gamelan/Main_Page/main_page.htm Situs tentang gamelan di NIU]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.calarts.edu/~drummond/gendhing.html Gendhing Jawa] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070202230324/http://www.calarts.edu/~drummond/gendhing.html |date=2007-02-02 }} * [http://www.yogyes.com/id/yogyakarta-cultural-performance/gamelan-show/ Gamelan, Orkestra a la Jawa] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326082512/http://www.yogyes.com/id/yogyakarta%2Dcultural%2Dperformance/gamelan%2Dshow/ |date=2010-03-26 }} * [http://jogjaethnic.blogspot.com/ Jogjaethnic] {{Piranti gamelan}} [[Kategori:Kagunan]] [[Kategori:Gamelan]] [[Kategori:Piranti musik]] [[Kategori:Kabudayan]] [[Kategori:Kabudayan Jawa]] 84w4rvshsqoc3zuda9lekwqjnebptft 0 2969 1752177 1642607 2026-08-03T14:40:47Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1752177 wikitext text/x-wiki {{multiscript|aksara=ꦒꦩꦼꦭ꧀ꦭꦤ꧀ꦗꦮ}} [[Gambar:Traditional indonesian instruments02.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Piranti gamelan Jawa]] '''Gamelan Jawa''' iku jinis utawa corak [[gamelan]] kang urip ing [[Jawa Tengah]] (uga [[Yogyakarta]]) lan sapérangan [[Jawa Wétan]]. Musik gamelan [[Jawa]] iki béda karo musik gamelan saka laladan liya, yèn musik gamelan [[Jawa]] lumrahé nduwé nada luwih lembut lan nganggo laya luwih alon, béda karo musik [[gamelan Bali]] kang layané luwih rikat, uga [[gamelan Sundha]] kang rasa musiké "nglaras" banget (mendayu-dayu) lan ''didhominasi'' swara [[suling]]. == Asal Usul Nama Gamelan == Gamelan asal tembungé saka tembung lingga "gamel" lan panambang "-an". Gamel tegesé "nuthuk" utawa "nabuh" ditambah panambang "-an" dadi kurang luwih tegesé "kang dithuthuk" utawa "kang ditabuh". Dadi gamelan ya iku salah sijining pakaryan nabuh kang dilakokaké wong jaman biyèn banjur dadi nama alat musik kang dionèkaké bebarengan saingga ngasilaké uni musik sing pas lan merdu. == Notasi == [[Gambar:Gamelan Laras Slendro Si Ketuyung Keraton Kasepuhan.jpg|thumb|right|205px|Gamelan laras sléndro Si Ketuyung, Kraton Kasepuhan, Cirebon]] Gamelan Jawa iku nduwé nada-nada péntatonis. Gamelan Jawa iku duwé 2 [[laras]] ya iku: * Laras [[Slendro|Sléndro]] kang duwé urutan ''nada-nada'' 1 2 3 5 6 1 * Laras [[Pélog]] kang duwé urutan ''nada-nada' 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 == Aturan == Gamelan Jawa nduwé aturan-aturan kang wis pakem, antarané katata saka pirang-pirang rambahan (puteran) lan [[pathet]] utawa jero cethèking swara, uga ana aturan [[sampak]] utawa rikat-rendheté laku kang wis pakem, uga ana batesan-batesan [[gongan]] lan mèlodiné wis diatur ning pérangan-pérangan kang saben-saben ketata saka 4 nada (gatra). Saben-saben piranti nduwé fungsi dhéwé-dhéwé; * Wong kang nuntun swara ya iku rebab * Wong kang nuntun irama diarani kendhang * Arané juru main kang nabuh gamelan iku pengrawit, [[penayagan]] utawa [[nayaga]] utawa wiyoga * Wong kang nembang priya arané wira-swara * Wong kang wanita arané [[pesindhèn]] utawa swarawati. == Jinis == * Gamelan Kancil Belik *[[Gamelan Kodhok ngorek|Gamelan Kodhok Ngorek]] * [[Gamelan Monggang]] * [[Gamelan Sekatèn]] * [[Gamelan klasik]] * [[Gamelan Gadhon]] * [[Gamelan Siteran]] * [[Gamelan Mangkunagaran]] * [[Gamelan Pakualaman]] * [[Gamelan Surakarta]] * [[Gamelan Yogyakarta]] * [[Gamelan Banyumasan]] == Uga delengen == * [[Piranti gamelan Jawa]] * [[Gongan]] * [[Balungan]] * [[Panerusan]] == Pranala njaba == * [http://www.si.umich.edu/CHICO/gamelan/gamelanVT7.html Instruments of the gamelan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080513214249/http://www.si.umich.edu/CHICO/gamelan/gamelanVT7.html |date=2008-05-13 }}, Instrumèné Gamelan * [http://muse.calarts.edu/~drummond/gendhing.html Gendhing Jawa] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080518193644/http://muse.calarts.edu/~drummond/gendhing.html |date=2008-05-18 }}, Notasi Gamelan gaya Surakarta. * [http://www.monkeyc.org/play.html Mongkeyc], dolanan gamelan ing jagad maya. * [http://www.yogyes.com/id/yogyakarta-cultural-performance/gamelan-show/ Gamelan, Orkestra a la Jawa] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326082512/http://www.yogyes.com/id/yogyakarta%2Dcultural%2Dperformance/gamelan%2Dshow/ |date=2010-03-26 }}, Gamelan, orkèstrané Jawa {{Piranti gamelan Jawa}} [[Kategori:Kesenian Jawa]] [[Kategori:Seni tradhisional saking Jawa]] [[Kategori:Gamelan]] [[Kategori:Gamelan Jawa]] {{stub}} r1fhzeefloku9dfqydc5skyisvymk3e 0 4682 1752181 1744414 2026-08-03T16:56:04Z Datasawala 73900 Sarwendah 1752181 wikitext text/x-wiki '''[[Tembung garba|Tembung]] garba''' yaiku tembung kang asline saka tembung loro (2) utawa luwih kang dadi wujud anyar. Umpamane: * '''ana''' + '''ing''' '''→''' '''anèng''' * '''siti''' + '''inggil''' '''→''' '''sitinggil''' * '''nara''' + '''indra''' '''→''' '''narendra''' * '''prapta''' + '''ing →''' '''prapteng''' * '''tumuju''' + '''ing''' '''→''' '''tumujweng''' * '''maha''' + '''resi''' '''→''' '''maharsi''' * '''parama''' + '''iswari →''' '''prames'''<br /> Tembung garba akeh ditemoni ing tembang kanggo ngoyakne guru lagu supaya jumbuh karo paugeran{{Tembung}} [[Kategori:Tembung]] {{bahasa-stub}} sue4qi2bt6a41h10s1pt5nb3pmkno6b 0 8089 1752228 1744707 2026-08-04T05:45:36Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1752228 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="300px" align="right" style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<span style="font-size:large;">'''Warsawa'''</span> |- |style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2| {| |- |align="center" width="140px"|[[Gambar:Coat of arms of Warsaw.svg|120px]]<br /><small>[[Lambang Warsawa]]</small> |align="center" width="140px"|[[Gambar:POL_Warszawa_map.svg|120px]]<br /><small>Lokasi Warsawa</small> |- | colspan="2" align="center" width="140px" |[[Barkas:Plac Zamkowy w Warszawie widziany z wieży kościoła św. Anny.JPG|nirbing|226x226px]] |- !colspan="2" | <small>''Sesanti:''<br />''[[basa Latin|Latin]]: Contemnit procellas ([[basa Jawa|Jawa]]:"Nglawan prahara")''<br />''Latin: Semper invicta (Jawa: "Nitya jaya")'' |} |- ! colspan="2" | Katrangan cekak |- style="background: #ffffff;" | [[Provinsi ing Polen|Provinsi]]: || [[Provinsi Mazowia|Mazowia (mazowieckie)]] |- style="background: #ffffff;" | Jembar: || 517,24 [[kilomèter persegi|km²]] |- style="background: #ffffff;" | [[Padunung]]: || 1 726 581 (2014) jiwa (aglomerasi: 2,87 yuta jiwa) |- style="background: #ffffff;" | Pelat nomer kendaran motor: || <code>W</code> |- style="background: #ffffff;" | Situs wèb resmi: || [http://um.warszawa.pl/ um.warszawa.pl] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100512182404/http://www.um.warszawa.pl/ |date=2010-05-12 }} |- ! colspan="2" | Pulitik |- style="background: #ffffff;" | Walikutha: || [[Hanna Gronkiewicz-Waltz]] |} '''Warschau'''<ref>https://www.sastra.org/koran-majalah-dan-jurnal/kajawen/1519-kajawen-balai-pustaka-1939-03-1668</ref> utawa '''Warsawa''' ([[basa Polen|Polen]] ''Warszawa'') iku kutha krajan [[Polen]]. [[Kutha]] iki sing ndunungi [[1,7]] [[yuta]] jiwa nanging ing wewengkon saubenging kutha iki ana mèh [[3]] yuta jiwa sing ndunungi. Kutha iki diliwati kali [[Wisła]] ([[basa Inggris|Inggris]] lan [[basa Latin|Latin]] ''Vistula''). Warsawa ugi [[kutha krajan]] [[provinsi]] [[Województwo mazowieckie|Mazovia]]. == Sajarah cekak == Warsawa dudu kutha tuwa dhéwé ing [[Polen]] ing salah sijining kutha sing tuwa. Kutha iki wis dicathet ing taun [[1241]]. Kutha iki dadi kutha krajan Polen ing taun [[1596]] nalika [[Ratu]] Polen pindhah. Ing [[Perang Donya II]], kutha iki dibedhah lan dibesmi [[bala]] [[Nazi]] [[Jerman]]. [[Ghetto]] [[Yahudi]] dibesmi ing taun [[1943]] lan sakutha diratakaké karo lemah ing taun [[1944]]. Kabèh sing ndunungi dipatèni utawa diusir. Sawisé perang, kutha kuna dibangun manèh. Saiki kutha Warsawa kalebu [[Situs warisan donya|Situs Warisan Donya UNESCO]]. == Uga delengen == * [[Pałac Saski]] == Klub-klub Ulah raga == * [[Legia Warszawa]] - 1916 r., league: [[Ekstraklasa]] http://legia.com/www/index.php {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081108082557/http://www.legia.com/www/index.php |date=2008-11-08 }} * [[Polonia Warszawa]] - 1911 r., league: [[Ekstraklasa]] http://ksppolonia.pl/splash/index.php {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324100159/http://ksppolonia.pl/splash/index.php |date=2012-03-24 }} == Gladri == <gallery> Image:Warszawa-Zamek Królewski.jpg|Warsawa: Kastil karajan Image:Poland-00741 - Palace Prezydencki (31071435322).jpg|Warsawa: Kedhaton présidhèn Image:Sejm RP.jpg|Warsawa: Parlemèn Polen Image:Views from Palace of Culture and Science in Warsaw, Poland, 2019, 13.jpg|Warsawa Image:Warszawa Teatr Wielki rzut prostoliniowy.jpg|Warsawa Image:Wilanów Palace.jpg|Warsawa Image:Warszawa, ul. Nowy Świat 72-74 20170517 004.jpg|Warsawa: Reca [[Nicolaus Copernicus]] Image:Warsaw church.jpg|Warsawa Image:Warsaw church1.jpg|Warsawa Image:Płonąca oblężona Warszawa.jpg|Warsawa sawisé dibom déning Angkatan Udara Nazi [[Luftwaffe]] ing taun 1939 ([[Perang Donya II]]) Image:Destroyed Warsaw, capital of Poland, January 1945.jpg|Warsawa: Wadya Nazi [[Jerman]] ngrusak kutha krajan [[Polen]] ing taun 1944 nalika Perang Donya II </gallery> {{clear}} == Réferènsi == {{reflist}} == Delengen uga == * [[Kapustakan Nasional Polen]] == Pranala njaba == {{commons|Warszawa}} * [http://um.warszawa.pl Situs wèb resmi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100512182404/http://www.um.warszawa.pl/ |date=2010-05-12 }} {{Mazowia}} {{Kutha krajan ing Éropah}} {{artikel Dhasar}} [[Kategori:Kutha ing Polen]] s27khiucrpsupfaaj0i5zqqobtgtmni 0 10339 1752185 1672469 2026-08-03T19:07:15Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1752185 wikitext text/x-wiki {{multiscript|Kempul|ꦏꦼꦩ꧀ꦥꦸꦭ꧀}} [[Gambar:Kempul.JPG|frame|Kempul]] '''Kempul''' iku salah sijiné perangkat [[gamelan Jawa]] sing ditabuh kanthi cara digantung kaya racaké perangkat [[gong]]. Kempul iki cacahé gumantung saka larasé (pelog lan slendro, nanging kadhang kala ora komplit. Saben laras sléndro lan pelog nduwéni 6 utawa 10 kempul.<ref name="internet1">[http://www.joglosemar.co.id/gamelan.html joglosemar.co.id] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411010745/http://www.joglosemar.co.id/gamelan.html |date=2021-04-11 }}(dipunundhuh tanggal 30 Mèi 2011)</ref> == Wujud == Dhapuré kaya gong nanging ukuran luwih cilik, rainé rata lan pérangan tengah ana pêncuné, ukuran diameter umum kira-kira 45&nbsp;cm. == Swara == Kempul ngeto'ake swara sing luwih dhuwur tinimbang gong, kempul sing ukurane luwih cilik swarane luwih dhuwur manèh. == Cathethan sikil == <references> * [http://www.yogyes.com/id/yogyakarta-cultural-performance/gamelan-show/ Gamelan, Orkestra a la Jawa] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326082512/http://www.yogyes.com/id/yogyakarta%2Dcultural%2Dperformance/gamelan%2Dshow/ |date=2010-03-26 }} <references/> {{Piranti gamelan Jawa}} [[Kategori:Gamelan Jawa]] [[Kategori:Kempul]] 9gmnzsnn00wj7wa6qzlvdn6uo2adakl 0 10342 1752179 1746093 2026-08-03T14:53:36Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1752179 wikitext text/x-wiki {{multiscript|Gong|ꦒꦺꦴꦁ}} [[Gambar:Gong.JPG|frame|Gong]] '''Gongus Mabongus''' iku piranti [[gamelan Jawa]] kang ditabuh, digawé saka [[tosan]] lan nduwé ukuran kang gedhé dhéwé. Piranti iki racaké papané ing mburi dhéwé, digantung ing palangan [[gayor]] kang umum digawé saka [[kayu]] ukuran gedhé. Ana loro jinis gong yaiku: [[gong ageng]] lan [[gong suwuk]]. Saben laras [[sléndro]] lan [[pelog]] duwé telung sèt gong.<ref name="internet1">[http://www.joglosemar.co.id/gamelan.html joglosemar.co.id] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411010745/http://www.joglosemar.co.id/gamelan.html |date=2021-04-11 }}(dipunundhuh tanggal 30 Mèi 2011)</ref> Gong Gedhé kang cacahé loro lan siji [[gong suwukan]]. == Wujud == Wujudé [[bunder]], [[gedhé]], [[rada cekung]], kanthi garis tengah 1 méter,<ref name="capit1">[Mertosedono, Amir.1986.''Sajarah Wayang''. Semarang:Dahara Prize] (halaman 45)</ref> lan permukaané rata ning ana tonjolan ing tengah-tengah. == Swara == Gong nduwé swara kang gedhé dhéwé lan nadhané paling asor tinimbang nadha piranti gamelan liyané, yaiku kanthi nadha 3(telu) == Fungsi == Gong ditabuh kanggo awèh tekanan ing pérangan tinentu (lumrahé akir) iringan musik [[gamelan]] utawa dadi pratandha pungkasé sawijining [[tembang]] lan [[gérong]] dadi arang banget ditabuh (ora terus-terusan) ning ditabuh ing selang wektu tinentu. Prangkat musik [[tradhisional]] iki saiki nduwé fungsi liya yaiki kanggo tandha [[paresmian]] utawa pambuka acara. == Deleng uga == * [[Gongan]] == Cathetan sikil == {{reflist}} <references> * [http://www.yogyes.com/id/yogyakarta-cultural-performance/gamelan-show/ Gamelan, Orkestra a la Jawa] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326082512/http://www.yogyes.com/id/yogyakarta%2Dcultural%2Dperformance/gamelan%2Dshow/ |date=2010-03-26 }} <references/> {{Piranti gamelan Jawa}} [[Kategori:Gamelan Jawa]] [[Kategori:Gong]] [[Kategori:Musik]] 5lku5emy3cnttdb2mucp90d5c1vghm2 0 10357 1752202 1649913 2026-08-04T00:35:43Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1752202 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:Slenthem.JPG|frame|Slenthem]] '''Slenthem''' iku piranti [[gamelan Jawa]] kang ditabuh. Slenthem iku disokaké ing panggon kang fungsiné kaya [[ayunan]] lan ing ngisoré ana tabung utawa [[silinder]] kanggo ngetokaké gema swarané. Miturut konstruksiné, slenthem iku kalebu kulawarga [[gendér]]; utawa dijenengi [[gendèr panembung]]. Nanging '''slenthem''' duwèni bilah padha karo bilah [[saron]]; Slenthem oktafé paling ngisor yèn ing golongan instrumèn [[saron]]. Kaya [[demung]] lan [[saron barung]], slenthem mainaké lagu balungan karo wilah kang winates. == Wujud == Wujud slenthem iki mèh padha karo [[gendèr]]. Nanging wilahé luwih gedhé tinimbang [[gendèr]]. Arupa lèmpèngan [[kuningan]] utawa [[wesi]] kang duwé titilaras.<ref name="internet1"/> Lémpéngan iki dumadi kanthi [[resonansi]] [[pring]] kanggo mbanteraké swara.<ref name="internet1">[http://www.joglosemar.co.id/gamelan.html joglosemar.co.id] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411010745/http://www.joglosemar.co.id/gamelan.html |date=2021-04-11 }}(dipunundhuh tanggal 30 Mèi 2011)</ref> Nanging uga ana wujud slenthem liyané, yaiku kaya slenthem kang lumrah, mung waé ing tengahing wilahan nganggo [[pencon]], déné tabuhé ora béda kaya tabuh [[bonang]]. Slenthem kang mangkono iku lumrahé kagawé saka wesi. == Swara == == Rujukan == <references> * [http://www.yogyes.com/id/yogyakarta-cultural-performance/gamelan-show/ Gamelan, Orkestra a la Jawa] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326082512/http://www.yogyes.com/id/yogyakarta%2Dcultural%2Dperformance/gamelan%2Dshow/ |date=2010-03-26 }} <references/> {{Piranti gamelan Jawa}} [[Kategori:Piranti]] [[Kategori:Gamelan Jawa]] [[Kategori:Slenthem]] rbtsvem7qqb4h9nrkx0tikoang3696g 0 10366 1752196 1690036 2026-08-03T23:20:07Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1752196 wikitext text/x-wiki {{multiscript|Saron|ꦱꦫꦺꦴꦤ꧀}} [[Gambar:Traditional indonesian instruments.jpg|thumb|320px|Saron-saka Commons]] '''Saron''' iku salah siji perangkat [[gamelan Jawa]] sing ditabuh. Saron iku diso'ake langsung ing wilah kayu ing loro sisih ngisore. Saron dhapuré kaya lèmpèngan [[emas]] kang disusun ing [[kayu]].<ref name="internet1">[http://www.joglosemar.co.id/gamelan.html joglosemar.co.id] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411010745/http://www.joglosemar.co.id/gamelan.html |date=2021-04-11 }}(dipunundhuh tanggal 30 Mèi 2011)</ref> Saben [[lèmpèngan]] duwé [[titilaras]] kang béda.<ref name="internet1"/> Ana 3 jinis saron yaiku: * [[Saron panerus]] (ing laras slendro: [[Peking]]) * [[Saron barung]] biyasa karan saron * [[Saron demung]] biyasa karan [[demung]] == Wujud == Wujud wilah saron iki meh padha karo wilah [[gambang]], bedane yèn wilah saron digawé saka logam (racaké sing apik [[perunggu]]), yèn wilah gambang digawé saka kayu. Tabuh saron digawé saka kayu sing rada empuk, wujudé kaya palu. Wilah saron ana 7, masing-masing dawane sakiwa-tengené 20&nbsp;cm. Swara == Cathetan suku == <references> * [http://www.yogyes.com/id/yogyakarta-cultural-performance/gamelan-show/ Gamelan, Orkestra a la Jawa] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326082512/http://www.yogyes.com/id/yogyakarta%2Dcultural%2Dperformance/gamelan%2Dshow/ |date=2010-03-26 }} <references/> {{Piranti gamelan Jawa}} [[Kategori:Gamelan Jawa]] [[Kategori:Saron]] mgkmnnop7obsho2dbshxb871ra6e0sa 0 10578 1752186 1644902 2026-08-03T19:08:34Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1752186 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:SambaSunda Quintett in Cologne (0253).jpg|thumb]] [[Gambar:Traditional indonesian drums.jpg|thumb|Kendhang]] '''Kendhang''' iku piranti [[gamelan Jawa]] kang ditabuh nganggo kombinasi antara [[tlapakan]] karo [[driji]], dadi ora nganggo [[tabuh]]. Ing musik modhèren, piranti iki digolongaké piranti [[perkusi]]. Kendhang disèlèhaké ing wadhah panyangga saka kayu kang wujudé mèmper huruf '''Y'''. Kendhang ing musik gamelan fungsiné kanggo mimpin lan ngarahaké musik.<ref name="internet1">[http://www.joglosemar.co.id/gamelan.html joglosemar.co.id] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411010745/http://www.joglosemar.co.id/gamelan.html |date=2021-04-11 }}(dipunundhuh tanggal 30 Mèi 2011)</ref> Kendhang duwé jinis lan ukuran kang warna-warna.<ref name="internet1"/> Ukurané '''kendhang''' antarané 20 [[cm]] nganti [[45]] [[cm]].<ref name="internet1"/> Kendhang dhapuré kaya drum lan dimainaké kanthi cara ditabuh.<ref name="internet1"/> == Wujud == Wujudé mèh [[silindher]], [[simetris]], ing salah siji sisih rada gedhé tinimbang sisih lawané. Pérangan kang luwih gedhé lumrahé disèlèhaké ing tengening panabuh. Kendhang iki ukurané luwih cilik tinimbang [[bedhug]]. == Jinis == Ana 4 jinis kendhang kang umum dienggo ing gamelan yaiku: (urutan saka kang gedhé dhéwé ukurané) * [[Kendhang gendhing]] utawa [[kendhang ageng]], nduwé nadha swara paling cendhèk * [[Kendhang wayangan]] * [[Kendhang batangan]] utawa [[ciblon]] * [[Kendhang ketipung]], nduwé nadha swara paling dhuwur == Fungsi == Piranti [[gamelan]] iki fungsiné kanggo ngatur irama mligi yèn arep ngowahi irama uga kanggo ngatur tempo musik supaya ajeg. Kendhang uga sok kanggo tengeran babak-babak ing reroncèn musik gamelan lan ing pérangan akir utawa panutup swara [[suwukan]]. == Jinis swara lan cara nabuh == Akèh jinis swara kang bisa diasilaké saka piranti kendhang iki yaiku antarané: * '''Dlong''': swara iki metu saka tengah pérangan kendhang kang gedhé (kejaba [[kendhang ketipung]]), ditabuh nganggo kabèh driji lan sapérangan tlapakan kang langsung diculaké. Swara iki nduwé nadha paling cendhèk. * '''Dhah''': swara iki metu saka sisih utawa pinggir pérangan kendhang kang gedhé (kejaba kendhang ketipung), ditabuh nganggo kabèh driji lan sapérangan tlapakan tangan kang langsung diculaké. * '''Thung''': swara iki metu saka tengah pérangan kendhang kang gedhé, ditabuh nganggo driji kang langsung diculaké. Yèn ing kendhang ketipung, swara iki metu saka pérangan kendhang kang gedhé ning ditabuh nganggo jempol utawa driji panuding kang langsung diculaké. * '''Ket''': swara iki metu saka pérangan tengah kendhang kang gedhé, ditabuh nganggo pucuk driji mligi pucuk driji panuding, driji panunggul karo driji manis lan ora langsung diculaké (tetep nempèl) utawa nutup. * '''Tong''': swara iki metu saka sisih utawa pinggir pérangan kendhang kang cilik, ditabuh nganggo pucuk driji panunggul lan driji manis lan langsung diculaké. * '''Tak''': swara iki metu saka pérangan kendhang kang cilik, ditabuh nganggo kabèh driji lan sapérangan tlapakan tangan lan ora diculaké utawa tetep nempèl, déné tlapakan tangan tengen nempèl ing pérangan kendhang kang gedhé. Swara iki nduwé nadha paling dhuwur. * '''Deng''': swara iki metu saka pérangan kendhang kang gedhé, ditabuh nganggo kabèh driji ana ing sisih pinggir kendhang. Sumber: Hari Kendhang Kabupatèn Madiun. == Notasi == Notasi swara kendhang kang umum dienggo yaiku: * Swara '''dlong''' diwakili simbol '''D''' * Swara '''dhah''' diwakili simbol '''b''' * Swara '''thung''' diwakili simbol '''p''' * Swara '''ket''' diwakili simbol '''k''' * Swara '''tong''' diwakili simbol '''o''' * Swara '''tak''' diwakili simbol '''t''' * Swara '''deng''' diwakili simbol '''B''' == Cathetan suku == <references> * [http://www.yogyes.com/id/yogyakarta-cultural-performance/gamelan-show/ Gamelan, Orkestra a la Jawa] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326082512/http://www.yogyes.com/id/yogyakarta%2Dcultural%2Dperformance/gamelan%2Dshow/ |date=2010-03-26 }} <references/> {{Commons category|Indonésian drums}} {{Piranti gamelan Jawa}} [[Kategori:Gamelan]] [[Kategori:Gamelan Jawa]] [[Kategori:Kendhang]] 55koj45ciahqsnveu70h6r65q50d0fx 0 23615 1752219 1674316 2026-08-04T01:55:55Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1752219 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="toccolours" style="float:right; width:300px; margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom: 1ex;" |+ style="font-size: large; margin: inherit;"|'''Sydney''' |- |colspan="2" style="text-align:center; border-bottom:2px solid gray;"|[[Gambar:Sydney_opera_house_and_skyline.jpg|275px|Sydney Opera House lan Plabuhan Sydney]] |- |colspan="2" style="text-align:center; border-bottom:2px solid gray;"|[[Gambar:Sydney locator-MJC.png|300px|Lokasi Sydney]] |- |'''[[Nagara]]'''||[[Australia]] |- |'''[[Praja]]'''||[[New South Wales]] |- |'''Dina Madeg'''||[[26 Januari]] [[1788]] |- |'''[[Wewengkon|Jembar wewengon]]'''||12.144,6&nbsp;km² |- |'''[[Padunung]]'''||4.293.100(1st) |- |&nbsp;-'''Kapadhetan''' ||345,7/km² |- |'''[[Basa]]'''||[[Basa Inggris]] |- |'''[[Zona]]'''||[[Australian Eastern Standard Time|AEST]]([[UTC]]+10) <br />'''[[Australian Eastern Daylight Time|AEDT]]''' ([[UTC]]+11) |} '''Sydney''' iku kutha gedhé dhéwé ing [[Australia]] lan kutha krajan saka [[New South Wales]]. Sydney uga minangka kutha kang maju sajeroning warna-warna babagan saingan karo [[Melbourne]] kang dumunung ing [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]]. Sydney uga minangka kutha tuwa dhéwé ing Australia kang madeg ing taun [[1788]] lan kutha gedhé dhéwé ing [[pérangan bumi kidul]] (''Southern Hemisphere''). Padunung area metropolitan Sydney gunggungé watara 4,7 yuta jiwa lan kang ndunungi Sydney kaloka kanthi sebutan "Sydneysider". Sydney uga misuwur minangka tujuan [[pariwisata]] mligi [[Sydney Opera House]]<ref>[http://www.sydneyoperahouse.com/ Sydney Opera House]</ref> kang wis dadi ikon Sydney. Ing panggonan iki dianakaké [[Olimpiade 2000]] == Sajarah == ''Artikel Utama: [[Sajarah Sydney]]'' Laladan saubengé [[Sydney Harbour]] wis dipanggoni déning kang ndunungi [[Aborigin]] saka suku [[Eora]] lan [[Cadigal]] sajeroning 40.000 taun. Akibat [[urbanisasi]], akèh-akèhé sisa paninggalan suku mau wis ilang. Wong [[Éropa]] wiwit kepéncut marang laladan iki, mligi [[Botany Bay]], ing taun [[1770]] sawisé panjelajahan [[James Cook]]. Karana idin Pamaréntah [[Inggris]], [[Arthur Phillip]] teka menyang Botany Bay karo para pendhatang pisanan. Amarga nyatané laladan Botany Bay dirasa kurang cocog, banjur ngalih menyang [[Sydney Cove]] ing [[Port Jackson]]. Jaman [[luru emas]] dialami Sydney pisanan ing taun [[1851]] lan para pendhatang saka Éropa padha teka kanggo miwiti urip anyar kang luwih apik ing Sydney. Taraf urip kang mundhak sawisé [[industrialisasi]] uga narik para pendhatang saka Éropa lan sabanjuré saka [[Asia]]. Padunung Sydney saiki akèh-akèhé saka [[Inggris]] lan [[Irlandia]] nanging sangsaya akèh uga pendahtang saka [[Lebanon]], [[Yunani]], [[Italia]] lan [[Asia]]. Cacahing kang ndunungi uga sangsaya tambah akèh, wiwit saka 2.540 jiwa ing taun [[1800]] dadi 1.039.000 jiwa ing taun [[1925]] lan terus tuwuh dadi 4,7 yuta jiwa ing taun [[2004]]. <!-- == Transportasi == [[Gambar:Nightridemap.gif‎ |thumb|Sistem transportasi ing kutha Sydney]] === Dalam Kota === Untuk transportasi di dalam kota, tersedia layanan bus, kereta, dan [[feri]]. Layanan kereta dijalankan oleh [[CityRail]]. Sedangkan di sekitar laladan [[Darling Harbour]] dan pusat perbelanjaan dan pariwisata dilayani oleh [[monorel]]. === Dari dan Ke === [[Transportasi darat]] ke kota lain di [[Australia]] dilayani oleh berbagai jalan tol seperti [[Hume Highway]] yang menghubungkan Sydney dan [[Melbourne]] sedangkan kebanyakan layanan [[transportasi udara]] berpusat di [[Papan Anggegana Internasional Kingsford Smith]]. --> == Pariwisata == [[Gambar:Sydney_taronga_zoo.jpg|thumb|Jerapah ing Kebon Raja Taronga Sydney kanthi pencakar langit Sydney ing latar mburi]] Sydney minangka dados salah siji kutha wisata paporit ing donya. Sawetara obyèk pariwisata kang ana ing Sydney antarané: * [[Sydney Opera House]] lan [[Sydney Harbour Bridge]] ing [[Sydney Harbour]] <ref>[http://www.sydney.com/destinations/sydney/sydney-city/sydney-harbour Sidney Harbour]</ref> * [[Sydney Aquarium]] <ref>[https://www.sydneyaquarium.com.au/ Papan wisata Sydney Aquarium]</ref> ing [[Darling Harbour]] <ref>[http://www.darlingharbour.com/ Papan wisata Darling Harbour]</ref> * [[Sydney Tower]] uga diarani AMP Tower utawa Centrepoint Tower <ref>[https://www.sydneytowereye.com.au/ Papan panggonan Sydney Tower]</ref> * [[The Rocks]] <ref>[http://www.therocks.com/ Papan wisata The Rocks Sydney]</ref> * [[Taronga Zoo]] <ref>[https://taronga.org.au/taronga-zoo Papan wisata Taronga Zoo]</ref> * [[Sydney Wildlife World]] <ref>[https://www.wildlifesydney.com.au/ Kaca web papan wisata Sydney Wildlife World]</ref><ref>[http://www.sydney.com/destinations/sydney/sydney-city/darling-harbour/attractions/wild-life-sydney-zoo Papan wisata Sydney Wildlife World]</ref> * [[Chinese Garden of Friendship]] <ref>[http://www.darlingharbour.com/things-to-do/chinese-garden-of-friendship/ Kaca web papan wisata Pecinan]</ref> * [[Luna Park]] <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.lunaparksydney.com/ |title=Papan wisata Luna Park Sydney |access-date=2016-06-14 |archive-date=2016-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160618073242/http://www.lunaparksydney.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[File:Dock in Sydney - dok v Sydney - panoramio.jpg|thumb|Pelabuhan ing kutha Sydney]] '''Kutha Sydney gadhah jejuluk:''' * ''Kutha krajan pista Taun Anyar sadonya'' * ''Kutha Olimpiade Millenium'' * ''Kutha kanthi palabuhan sagara paling éndah ing donya'' [[Gambar:Sydney Harbour Bridge night.jpg|thumb|centre|800px|Panorama [[Sydney Harbour]] ing wayah wengi, kanthi gedhong [[Sydney Opera House]] (kiwa), distrik bisnis (CBD) (tengah) lan [[Sydney Harbour Bridge]] (tengen)]] == Cathetan suku == {{Reflist}} == Uga delengen == * [[Pratélan gréja Indonésia ing Sydney]] * [http://www.visitnsw.com.au Website resmi pariwisata Nagara bagian New South Wales] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080908003620/http://www.visitnsw.com.au/ |date=2008-09-08 }} * [[Sydney Opera House]] * [[Sydney Aquarium]] == Pranala njaba == {{commons|Category:Sydney}} {{wikivoyage|Sydney}} {{Praja Australia}} [[Kategori:Kutha ing Australia]] {{Australia-stub}} oel98uh4fwncxgiqu4n6rccz38wu0jn 0 24331 1752220 1723743 2026-08-04T02:33:34Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1752220 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Elementbox_header | number=73 | symbol=Ta | name=tantalum | left=[[hafnium]] | right=[[tungsten]] | above=[[niobium|Nb]] | below=[[dubnium|Db]] | color1=#ffc0c0 | color2=black }} {{Elementbox_series | [[transition metal]]s }} {{Elementbox_groupperiodblock | group=5 | period=6 | block=d }} {{Elementbox_appearance_img | Ta,73| gray blue }} {{Elementbox_atomicmass_gpm | [[1 E-25 kg|180.94788]][[List of elements by atomic mass|(2)]] }} {{Elementbox_econfig | &#91;[[xenon|Xe]]&#93; 4f¹⁴ 5d³ 6s² }} {{Elementbox_epershell | 2, 8, 18, 32, 11, 2 }} {{Elementbox_section_physicalprop | color1=#ffc0c0 | color2=black }} {{Elementbox_phase | [[solid]] }} {{Elementbox_density_gpcm3nrt | 16.69 }} {{Elementbox_densityliq_gpcm3mp | 15 }} {{Elementbox_meltingpoint | k=3290 | c=3017 | f=5463 }} {{Elementbox_boilingpoint | k=5731 | c=5458 | f=9856 }} {{Elementbox_heatfusion_kjpmol | 36.57 }} {{Elementbox_heatvaporiz_kjpmol | 732.8 }} {{Elementbox_heatcapacity_jpmolkat25 | 25.36 }} {{Elementbox_vaporpressure_katpa | 3297 | 3597 | 3957 | 4395 | 4939 | 5634 | comment= }} {{Elementbox_section_atomicprop | color1=#ffc0c0 | color2=black }} {{Elementbox_crystalstruct | cubic body centered }} {{Elementbox_oxistates | '''5''', 4, 3 (mildly [[acid]]ic oxide) }} {{Elementbox_electroneg_pauling | 1.5 }} {{Elementbox_ionizationenergies2 | 761 | 1500 }} {{Elementbox_atomicradius_pm | [[1 E-10 m|145]] }} {{Elementbox_atomicradiuscalc_pm | [[1 E-10 m|200]] }} {{Elementbox_covalentradius_pm | [[1 E-10 m|138]] }} {{Elementbox_section_miscellaneous | color1=#ffc0c0 | color2=black }} {{Elementbox_magnetic | no data }} {{Elementbox_eresist_ohmmat20 | 131 n}} {{Elementbox_thermalcond_wpmkat300k | 57.5 }} {{Elementbox_thermalexpansion_umpmkat25 | 6.3 }} {{Elementbox_speedofsound_rodmpsat20 | 3400 }} {{Elementbox_youngsmodulus_gpa | 186 }} {{Elementbox_shearmodulus_gpa | 69 }} {{Elementbox_bulkmodulus_gpa | 200 }} {{Elementbox_poissonratio | 0.34 }} {{Elementbox_mohshardness | 6.5 }} {{Elementbox_vickershardness_mpa | 873 }} {{Elementbox_brinellhardness_mpa | 800 }} {{Elementbox_cas_number | 7440-25-7 }} {{Elementbox_isotopes_begin | color1=#ffc0c0 | color2=black }} {{Elementbox_isotopes_decay | mn=177 | sym=Ta | na=[[synthetic radioisotope|syn]] | hl=56.56 [[hour|h]] | dm=[[electron capture|ε]] | de=1.166 | pn=177 | ps=[[hafnium|Hf]] }} {{Elementbox_isotopes_decay | mn=178 | sym=Ta | na=[[synthetic radioisotope|syn]] | hl=2.36 [[hour|h]] | dm=[[electron capture|ε]] | de=1.910 | pn=178 | ps=[[hafnium|Hf]] }} {{Elementbox_isotopes_decay | mn=179 | sym=Ta | na=[[synthetic radioisotope|syn]] | hl=1.82 [[year|a]] | dm=[[electron capture|ε]] | de=0.110 | pn=179 | ps=[[hafnium|Hf]] }} {{Elementbox_isotopes_decay | mn=180 | sym=Ta | na=[[synthetic radioisotope|syn]] | hl=8.125 [[hour|h]] | dm=[[electron capture|ε]] | de=0.854 | pn=180 | ps=[[hafnium|Hf]] }} {{Elementbox_isotopes_decay | mn=180 | sym=Ta | na=[[synthetic radioisotope|syn]] | hl=8.125 [[hour|h]] | dm=[[beta emission|β^-]] | de=0.708 | pn=180 | ps=[[tungsten|W]] }} {{Elementbox_isotopes_decay3 | mn=180[[Nuclear isomer|m]] | sym=Ta | na=0.012% | hl=>1.2×10¹⁵ [[year|y]]<br /> (not observed) | dm1=[[electron capture|ε]] | de1=0.929 | pn1=180 | ps1=[[hafnium|Hf]] | dm2=[[beta emission|β^-]] | de2=0.783 | pn2=180 | ps2=[[tungsten|W]] | dm3=[[Gamma ray|IT]] | de3=0.075 | pn3=180 | ps3=Ta }} {{Elementbox_isotopes_stable | mn=181 | sym=Ta | na=99.988% | n=108 }} {{Elementbox_isotopes_decay | mn=182 | sym=Ta | na=[[synthetic radioisotope|syn]] | hl=114.43 [[day|d]] | dm=[[beta emission|β^-]] | de=1.814 | pn=182 | ps=[[tungsten|W]] }} {{Elementbox_isotopes_decay | mn=183 | sym=Ta | na=[[synthetic radioisotope|syn]] | hl=5.1 [[day|d]] | dm=[[beta emission|β^-]] | de=1.070 | pn=183 | ps=[[tungsten|W]] }} {{Elementbox_isotopes_end}} {{Elementbox_footer | color1=#ffc0c0 | color2=black }} '''Tantalum''' ({{pronEng|ˈtæntələm}}) (biyèn diaranai '''tantalium''' {{IPA|/tænˈtæliəm/}}) iku [[unsur kimia]] kanthi lambang '''Ta''' lan [[nomer atom]] 73. <!-- A rare, hard, blue-gray, [[lustre (mineralogy)|lustrous]], [[transition metal]], tantalum is highly corrosion-resistant and occurs naturally in the [[mineral]] [[tantalite]]. ==Characteristics== Tantalum is dark, dense, ductile, very hard, easily fabricated, and highly conductive of heat and electricity. The metal is renowned for its resistance to [[corrosion]] by [[acid]]s; in fact, at temperatures below 150&nbsp;°[[Celsius|C]] tantalum is almost completely immune to attack by the normally aggressive [[aqua regia]]. It can be dissolved with [[hydrofluoric acid]] or acidic solutions containing the [[fluoride]] ion and [[sulfur trioxide]], as well as with a solution of [[potassium hydroxide]]. Tantalum's high melting point of 3017&nbsp;°C (boiling point 5458&nbsp;°C) is exceeded only by [[tungsten]] and [[rhenium]] for metals, and [[carbon]]. ==Applications== The major use for tantalum, as the metal powder, is in the production of electronic components, mainly capacitors and some high-power resistors<ref>[http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-resistor.htm What is a resistor?]</ref>. [[tantalum capacitor|Tantalum electrolytic capacitors]] exploit the tendency of tantalum to form a protective oxide surface layer, using tantalum powder, pressed into a pellet shape, as one "plate" of the capacitor, the oxide as the dielectric, and an electrolytic solution or conductive solid as the other "plate". Because the dielectric layer can be very thin (thinner than the similar layer in, for instance, an aluminium electrolytic capacitor), a high capacitance can be achieved in a small volume. Because of the size and weight advantages, tantalum capacitors are attractive for portable telephones, pagers, personal computers, and automotive electronics. Tantalum is also used to produce a variety of alloys that have high melting points, are strong and have good ductility. Alloyed with other metals, it is also used in making carbide tools for metalworking equipment and in the production of superalloys for jet engine components, chemical process equipment, [[nuclear reactor]]s, and missile parts. Because of its ductility, tantalum can be drawn into fine wires or filaments, which are used for evaporating metals such as aluminium. Due to the fact that it resists attack by body fluids and is nonirritating, tantalum is widely used in making surgical instruments and implants. For example, porous tantalum coatings are used in the construction of orthopedic implants due to tantalum's ability to form a direct bond to hard tissue. The oxide is used to make special high [[refractive index]] [[glass]] for [[camera]] lenses. The metal is also used to make [[vacuum furnace]] parts. [[Shaped charge]] and [[explosively formed penetrator]] liners have been constructed from tantalum. ==History== Tantalum was discovered in [[Sweden]] in [[1802]] by [[Anders Ekeberg]] and isolated in [[1820]] by [[Jöns Berzelius]]. Many contemporary chemists believed [[niobium]] and tantalum were the same elements until [[1844]] and later [[1866]] when researchers showed that niobic and tantalic acids were different compounds. Early investigators were only able to isolate impure metal and the first relatively pure ductile metal was produced by [[Werner von Bolton]] in [[1903]]. Wires made with tantalum metal were used for [[light bulb]]s until [[tungsten]] replaced it. Its name is derived from the character [[Tantalus]], father of [[Niobe]] in [[Greek mythology]], who was punished after death by being condemned to stand knee-deep in water with perfect fruit growing above his head, both of which eternally ''tantalized'' him - if he bent to drink the water, it drained below the level he could reach, and if he reached for the fruit, the branches moved out of his grasp. This was considered similar to tantalum's general non-reactivity—it sits among reagents and is unaffected by them. The English word [[wiktionary:tantalize|tantalize]] was named after Tantalus, and tantalum was named after the tantalizing problems posed by the inertness of the element and its compounds. For many years, the commercial technology for separating tantalum from niobium involved the fractional crystallization of potassium heptafluorotantalate away from potassium oxypentafluoroniobate monohydrate, that had been discovered by Marignac in the 1860s. The method has been supplanted by solvent extraction from fluoride-containing solutions. ==Occurrence== Tantalum occurs principally in the minerals [[tantalite]] [([[iron|Fe]], [[manganese|Mn]]) Ta₂[[oxygen|O]]₆], [[microlite]], and [[euxenite]] (other minerals: [[samarskite]], and [[fergusonite]]). Tantalum [[ore]]s are mined in [[Ethiopia]], [[Australia]], [[Brazil]], [[Egypt]], [[Canada]], the [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]], [[Mozambique]], [[Nigeria]], [[Namibia]], [[Portugal]], [[Malaysia]] and [[Thailand]]. A comprehensive, 2002 review of non-Australian mines is available<ref>[http://www.doir.wa.gov.au/documents/gswa/gsdMRB_22_chap10.pdf GSWA Mineral Resources Bulletin 22, Chapter 10: International tantalum resources — exploration and mining]</ref>. Tantalite is largely found mixed with [[columbite]] in an ore called [[coltan]]. Ethical questions have been raised about human rights and endangered wildlife, due to the exploitation of resources in the conflict regions of the Congo (see [[coltan]]). Several complicated steps are involved in the separation of tantalum from [[niobium]]. Commercially viable production of this element can follow one of several different methods which includes; [[electrolysis]] of molten [[potassium]] fluorotantalate, [[redox|reduction]] of potassium fluorotantalate with [[sodium]], or by reacting tantalum carbide with tantalum oxide. Tantalum is also a byproduct from [[tin]] smelting. ==Compounds== {{Expand|date=January 2008}} [[Los Alamos National Laboratory]] scientists have developed a [[tantalum carbide]]-[[graphite]] [[alloy|composite]] material that is one of the hardest materials ever synthesized. Korean researchers have developed an amorphous tantalum-tungsten-copper alloy which is more flexible and two to three times stronger than traditional steel alloys.<ref>[http://english.chosun.com/w21data/html/news/200505/200505060005.html Digital Chosunilbo (English Edition) : Daily News in English About Korea--> <!-- Bot generated title --> <!-- ]</ref> ''See also [[:Category:Tantalum compounds|tantalum compounds]].'' ==Isotopes== {{main|isotopes of tantalum}} Natural tantalum consists of two [[isotope]]s: ^180mTa (0.012%) and ¹⁸¹Ta (99.988%). ¹⁸¹Ta is a [[stable isotope]]. ^180mTa (''m'' denotes a metastable state) is predicted to decay in three ways: [[isomeric transition]] to the [[ground state]] of ¹⁸⁰Ta, [[beta decay]] to ¹⁸⁰[[Tungsten|W]], electron capture to ¹⁸⁰[[Hafnium|Hf]]. However, any radioactivity of this [[nuclear isomer]] was never observed. Only a lower limit on its [[half life]] of over [[1 E15|10¹⁵]] years has been set. The ground state of ¹⁸⁰Ta has a half life of only 8 hours. ^180mTa is the only naturally occurring [[nuclear isomer]] (excluding radiogenic and cosmogenic short-living nuclides). It is also the rarest isotope in the Universe, taking into account the elemental abundance of tantalum and isotopic abundance of ^180mTa in the natural mixture of isotopes. Tantalum has been proposed as a "[[Salted bomb|salting]]" material for [[nuclear weapon]]s ([[cobalt]] is another, better-known salting material). A jacket of ¹⁸¹Ta, irradiated by the intense high-energy neutron flux from an exploding thermonuclear weapon, would transmute into the radioactive isotope ¹⁸²Ta with a [[half-life]] of 114.43 days and produce approximately 1.12 [[MeV]] of [[Gamma ray|gamma radiation]], significantly increasing the radioactivity of the weapon's [[Nuclear fallout|fallout]] for several months. Such a weapon is not known to have ever been built, tested, or used. == Precautions == Compounds containing tantalum are rarely encountered, and the metal does not normally cause problems in the laboratory, but it should still be handled with care, taking the usual laboratory precautions. There is some evidence that tantalum compounds can cause [[tumor]]s, and its metal dust is a [[fire]] and [[explosion]] hazard. --> == Rujukan == * [http://periodic.lanl.gov/elements/73.html Los Alamos National Laboratory - Tantalum] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100111060838/http://periodic.lanl.gov/elements/73.html |date=2010-01-11 }} * [http://www.tanb.org/tantalum1.html T.I.C. industry site] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509082215/http://www.tanb.org/tantalum1.html |date=2008-05-09 }} - Tantalum uses, ore mining and extraction * R. Cohen (2006). Applications of porous tantalum in total hip arthroplasty. ''Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons'', 14:646-655. <references/> == Pranala njaba == {{wiktionary|tantalum}} {{Commons|Tantalum}} * [http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/Ta/index.html WebElements.com - Tantalum] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080404001803/http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/Ta/index.html |date=2008-04-04 }} * [http://www.tanb.org/ Tantalum-Niobium International Study Center] {{clear}} {{Tabel périodik unsur kimia}} [[Kategori:Unsur kimia]] [[Kategori:Logam transisi]] [[Kategori:Tantalum|*]] {{kimia-stub}} <!-- interwiki --> 98ddl6mu89fvslbxtcseml07ctnyjpp 0 24347 1752183 1644239 2026-08-03T18:12:55Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1752183 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Elementbox_header | number=48 | symbol=Cd | name=cadmium | left=[[silver]] | right=[[indium]] | above=[[zinc|Zn]] | below=[[mercury (element)|Hg]] | color1=#ffc0c0 | color2=black }} {{Elementbox_series | [[transition metal]]s }} {{Elementbox_groupperiodblock | group=12 | period=5 | block=d }} {{Elementbox_appearance_img | Cd,48| silvery gray metallic }} {{Elementbox_atomicmass_gpm | [[1 E-25 kg|112.411]][[List of elements by atomic mass|(8)]] }} {{Elementbox_econfig | &#91;[[krypton|Kr]]&#93; 5s² 4d¹⁰ }} {{Elementbox_epershell | 2, 8, 18, 18, 2 }} {{Elementbox_section_physicalprop | color1=#ffc0c0 | color2=black }} {{Elementbox_phase | [[solid]] }} {{Elementbox_density_gpcm3nrt | 8.65 }} {{Elementbox_densityliq_gpcm3mp | 7.996 }} {{Elementbox_meltingpoint | k=594.22 | c=321.07 | f=609.93 }} {{Elementbox_boilingpoint | k=1040 | c=767 | f=1413 }} {{Elementbox_heatfusion_kjpmol | 6.21 }} {{Elementbox_heatvaporiz_kjpmol | 99.87 }} {{Elementbox_heatcapacity_jpmolkat25 | 26.020 }} {{Elementbox_vaporpressure_katpa | 530 | 583 | 654 | 745 | 867 | 1040 | comment= }} {{Elementbox_section_atomicprop | color1=#ffc0c0 | color2=black }} {{Elementbox_crystalstruct | hexagonal }} {{Elementbox_oxistates | 2<br />(mildly [[base (chemistry)|basic]] oxide) }} {{Elementbox_electroneg_pauling | 1.69 }} {{Elementbox_ionizationenergies3 | 867.8 | 1631.4 | 3616 }} {{Elementbox_atomicradius_pm | [[1 E-10 m|155]] }} {{Elementbox_atomicradiuscalc_pm | [[1 E-10 m|161]] }} {{Elementbox_covalentradius_pm | [[1 E-10 m|148]] }} {{Elementbox_vanderwaalsrad_pm | [[1 E-10 m|158]] }} {{Elementbox_section_miscellaneous | color1=#ffc0c0 | color2=black }} {{Elementbox_magnetic | no data }} {{Elementbox_eresist_ohmm | (22&nbsp;°C) 72.7 n}} {{Elementbox_thermalcond_wpmkat300k | 96.6 }} {{Elementbox_thermalexpansion_umpmkat25 | 30.8 }} {{Elementbox_speedofsound_rodmpsat20 | 2310 }} {{Elementbox_youngsmodulus_gpa | 50 }} {{Elementbox_shearmodulus_gpa | 19 }} {{Elementbox_bulkmodulus_gpa | 42 }} {{Elementbox_poissonratio | 0.30 }} {{Elementbox_mohshardness | 2.0 }} {{Elementbox_brinellhardness_mpa | 203 }} {{Elementbox_cas_number | 7440-43-9 }} {{Elementbox_isotopes_begin | color1=#ffc0c0 | color2=black }} {{Elementbox_isotopes_decay | mn=106 | sym=Cd | na=1.25% | hl=[[1 E19 s|&gt;9.5×10¹⁷ y]] | dm=[[double electron capture|εε2ν]] | de=- | pn=106 | ps=[[palladium|Pd]] }} {{Elementbox_isotopes_decay | mn=107 | sym=Cd | na=[[synthetic radioisotope|syn]] | hl=[[1 E5 s|6.5 h]] | dm=[[electron capture|ε]] | de=1.417 | pn=107 | ps=[[silver|Ag]] }} {{Elementbox_isotopes_decay | mn=108 | sym=Cd | na=0.89% | hl=[[1 E19 s|&gt;6.7×10¹⁷ y]] | dm=[[double electron capture|εε2ν]] | de=- | pn=108 | ps=[[palladium|Pd]] }} {{Elementbox_isotopes_decay | mn=109 | sym=Cd | na=[[synthetic radioisotope|syn]] | hl=[[1 E7 s|462.6 d]] | dm=[[electron capture|ε]] | de=0.214 | pn=109 | ps=[[silver|Ag]] }} {{Elementbox_isotopes_stable | mn=110 | sym=Cd | na=12.49% | n=62 }} {{Elementbox_isotopes_stable | mn=111 | sym=Cd | na=12.8% | n=63 }} {{Elementbox_isotopes_stable | mn=112 | sym=Cd | na=24.13% | n=64 }} {{Elementbox_isotopes_decay | mn=113 | sym=Cd | na=12.22% | hl=[[1 E19 s|7.7×10¹⁵ y]] | dm=[[beta decay|β^-]] | de=0.316 | pn=113 | ps=[[indium|In]] }} {{Elementbox_isotopes_decay2 | mn=113[[nuclear isomer|m]] | sym=Cd | na=[[synthetic radioisotope|syn]] | hl=[[1 E8 s|14.1 y]] | dm1=[[beta decay|β^-]] | de1=0.580 | pn1=113 | ps1=[[indium|In]] | dm2=[[isomeric transition|IT]] | de2=0.264 | pn2=113 | ps2=Cd }} {{Elementbox_isotopes_decay | mn=114 | sym=Cd | na=28.73% | hl=[[1 E19 s|&gt;9.3×10¹⁷ y]] | dm=[[double beta decay|ββ2ν]] | de=- | pn=114 | ps=[[tin|Sn]] }} {{Elementbox_isotopes_decay | mn=115 | sym=Cd | na=[[synthetic radioisotope|syn]] | hl=[[1 E5 s|53.46 h]] | dm=[[beta decay|β^-]] | de=1.446 | pn=115 | ps=[[indium|In]] }} {{Elementbox_isotopes_decay | mn=116 | dm=[[double beta decay|ββ2ν]] | de=- | sym=Cd | na=7.49% | hl=[[1 E19 s|2.9×10¹⁹ y]] | pn=116 | ps=[[tin|Sn]] }} {{Elementbox_isotopes_end}} {{Elementbox_footer | color1=#ffc0c0 | color2=black }} '''Cadmium''' ({{pronEng|ˈkædmiəm}}) iku [[unsur kimia]] kanthi simbul '''Cd''' lan [[nomer atom]] 48. <!-- A relatively abundant (price 3.55 USD/lb as of 2-15-08), soft, bluish-white, [[transition metal]], cadmium is known to cause [[cancer]] and occurs with [[zinc]] ores. Cadmium is used largely in batteries and [[pigment]]s, for example in [[plastic]] products. ==Extraction== Cadmium is a common impurity in [[zinc]], and it is most often isolated during the production of zinc. Zinc [[sulfide]] ores are roasted in the presence of [[oxygen]], converting the zinc sulfide to the [[oxide]]. Zinc metal is produced either by [[smelting]] the oxide with [[carbon]] or by [[electrolysis]] in [[sulfuric acid]]. Cadmium is isolated from the zinc metal by [[vacuum distillation]] if the zinc is smelted, or cadmium sulfate is [[precipitate]]d out of the electrolysis solution.<ref>[http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/Cd/key.html Cadmium] at WebElements.com</ref> == Notable characteristics == Cadmium is a soft, [[malleable]], [[ductile]], toxic, bluish-white [[bivalent]] [[metal]]. It is similar in many respects to [[zinc]] but reacts to form more complex compounds. The most common [[oxidation state]] of cadmium is +2, though rare examples of +1 can be found. One particular isotope of cadmium, ¹¹³Cd, absorbs neutrons with very high probability if they have an energy below the ''cadmium cutoff'' and transmits them readily otherwise. The cadmium cutoff is about 0.5 eV <ref>{{cite book |last=Knoll |first=G.F. |title=Radiation Detection and Measurement, 3rd edition |publisher=Wiley |date=1999 |id=ISBN 978-0-471-07338-3}} p505</ref>. Neutrons with energy below the cutoff are deemed slow neutrons, distinguishing them from intermediate and fast neutrons. [[Image:Cadmium_cutoff.png|thumb|The cadmium-113 total cross section clearly showing the cadmium cutoff.]] == Applications == About three-quarters of cadmium is used in [[Battery (electricity)|batteries]] (especially [[nickel-cadmium battery|Ni-Cd]] batteries), and most of the remaining quarter is used mainly for [[Cadmium pigments|pigments]], coatings and plating, and as stabilizers for [[plastic]]s. Other uses include: *In some of the lowest-melting [[alloy]]s *In bearing alloys, due to a low [[coefficient of friction]] and very good fatigue resistance *In [[electroplating]] (6% cadmium) *In many kinds of [[solder]] *As a barrier to control [[nuclear fission]] *In black and white [[television]] phosphors and in the blue and green phosphors for color television picture tubes *In paint pigments: Cadmium forms various [[salt]]s, with [[cadmium sulfide]] being the most common. This sulfide is used as a [[Cadmium pigments|yellow pigment]]. [[Cadmium selenide]] can be used as red pigment, commonly called ''cadmium red''. To painters that work with the pigment, cadmium yellows, oranges, and reds are the most potent colours to use. In fact, during production, these colours are significantly toned down before they are ground with oils and binders, or blended into watercolours, gouaches, acrylics, and other paint and pigment formulations. These pigments are toxic, and it is recommended to use a barrier cream on the hands to prevent absorption through the skin when working with them. There is no such thing as cadmium blue, green, or violet. *In some [[semiconductor]]s such as cadmium sulfide, cadmium selenide, and [[cadmium telluride]], which can be used for [[light]] detection or [[solar cell]]s. [[HgCdTe]] is sensitive to [[infrared]]. *In [[Polyvinyl chloride|PVC]] as stabilizers. *In molecular biology, used to block voltage-dependent calcium channels from fluxing calcium ions. :''See also [[:Category:Cadmium compounds]].'' == History == Cadmium ([[Latin]] ''cadmia'', [[Greek language|Greek]] ''καδμεία'' meaning "[[calamine]]", a Cadmium-bearing mixture of minerals, which was named after the Greek mythological character, Κάδμος ([[Cadmus]])) was [[discovery of the chemical elements|discovered]] in [[Germany]] in [[1817]] by [[Friedrich Strohmeyer]]. Strohmeyer found the new element within an impurity in [[zinc carbonate]] (calamine), and, for 100 years, Germany remained the only important producer of the metal. The metal was named after the Latin word for calamine, since the metal was found in this zinc compound. Strohmeyer noted that some impure samples of calamine changed color when heated but pure calamine did not. Even though cadmium and its compounds are highly toxic, the [[British Pharmaceutical Codex]] from 1907 states that [[cadmium iodide]] was used as a [[medicine]] to treat "enlarged joints, scrofulous glands, and chilblains". In [[1927]], the [[Bureau International des Poids et Mesures|International Conference on Weights and Measures]] redefined the [[metre|meter]] in terms of a red cadmium spectral line (1m = 1,553,164.13 wavelengths). This definition has since been changed (see [[krypton]]). == Occurrence == [[Image:CadmiumMetalUSGOV.jpg|thumb|left|Cadmium metal]] [[Image:2005cadmium.PNG|thumb|left|Cadmium output in 2005]] [[Image:Cadmium - world production trend.svg|thumb|World production trend]] In 2001, China was the top producer of cadmium with almost one-sixth world share closely followed by South Korea and Japan, reports the [[British Geological Survey]]. Cadmium-containing ores are rare and, when found, occur in small quantities. [[Greenockite]] (Cd[[sulfur|S]]), the only cadmium [[mineral]] of importance, is nearly always associated with [[sphalerite]] ([[zinc|Zn]]S). As a consequence, cadmium is produced mainly as a byproduct from mining, smelting, and refining [[sulfide]] ores of zinc, and, to a lesser degree, [[lead]] and [[copper]]. Small amounts of cadmium, about 10% of consumption, are produced from secondary sources, mainly from dust generated by recycling [[iron]] and [[steel]] scrap. Production in the [[United States]] began in [[1907]], but it was not until after [[World War I]] that cadmium came into wide use. :''See also [[:Category:Cadmium minerals]].'' ==Biological role== A role of cadmium in biology has been recently discovered. A cadmium-dependent [[carbonic anhydrase]] has been found in marine [[diatom]]s. Cadmium does the same job as zinc in other anhydrases, but the diatoms live in environments with very low zinc concentrations, thus biology has taken cadmium rather than zinc, and made it work. The discovery was made using X-ray absorption fluoresence spectroscopy (XAFS), and cadmium was characterised by noting the energy of the X-rays that were absorbed. [[Image:HeCd laser.jpg|thumb|left|150px|Image of the violet light from a [[helium]] cadmium metal vapor [[laser]]. The highly [[monochromatic]] color arises from the 441.563 nm transition [[spectral line|line]] of cadmium.]] ==Isotopes of cadmium== {{main|isotopes of cadmium}} Naturally occurring cadmium is composed of 8 [[isotope]]s. For two of them, natural [[radioactivity]] was observed, and three others are predicted to be [[radioactive]] but their decays were never observed, due to extremely long [[half-life]] times. The two natural radioactive isotopes are ¹¹³Cd ([[beta decay]], [[half-life]] is 7.7 × 10¹⁵ years) and ¹¹⁶Cd (two-neutrino [[double beta decay]], [[half-life]] is 2.9 × 10¹⁹ years). The other three are ¹⁰⁶Cd, ¹⁰⁸Cd ([[double electron capture]]), and ¹¹⁴Cd ([[double beta decay]]); only lower limits on their [[half-life]] times have been set. At least three isotopes - ¹¹⁰Cd, ¹¹¹Cd, and ¹¹²Cd - are absolutely stable. Among the isotopes absent in the natural cadmium, the most long-lived are ¹⁰⁹Cd with a half-life of 462.6 days, and ¹¹⁵Cd with a half-life of 53.46 hours. All of the remaining [[radioactive]] isotopes have half-lives that are less than 2.5 hours, and the majority of these have half-lives that are less than 5 minutes. This element also has 8 known [[meta state]]s, with the most stable being ^113mCd (t_½ 14.1 years), ^115mCd (t_½ 44.6 days), and ^117mCd (t_½ 3.36 hours). The known isotopes of cadmium range in [[atomic mass]] from 94.950 [[atomic mass unit|u]] (⁹⁵Cd) to 131.946 u (¹³²Cd). The primary [[decay mode]] before the second-most-abundant stable isotope, ¹¹²Cd, is [[electron capture]], and the primary modes after are [[beta emission]] and [[electron capture]]. The primary [[decay product]] before ¹¹²Cd is element 47 ([[silver]]), and the primary product after is element 49 ([[indium]]).<br style="clear:left;"/> == Toxicity == {{main|Cadmium poisoning}} Cadmium is an [[occupational hazard]] associated with industrial processes such as metal plating and the production of nickel-cadmium batteries, pigments, plastics, and other synthetics. The primary route of exposure in industrial settings is inhalation. Inhalation of cadmium-containing fumes can result initially in [[metal fume fever]] but may progress to chemical [[pneumonitis]], [[pulmonary edema]], and death.<ref>[http://www.ijmt.net/ijmt/4_5/4_5_41.html] Principles and Methods of Toxicology (fourth edition). A. Wallace Hayes. Taylor and Francis Publishing Inc.; Philadelphia, 2001.</ref> Cadmium is also a potential environmental hazard. Human exposures to environmental cadmium are primarily the result of the burning of fossil fuels and municipal wastes.<ref>[http://www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/hlthef/cadmium.html EPA summary on cadmium]</ref> However, there have been notable instances of toxicity as the result of long-term exposure to cadmium in contaminated food and water. In the decades following [[World War II]], Japanese mining operations contaminated the [[Jinzu River]] with cadmium and traces of other toxic metals. As a consequence, cadmium accumulated in the rice crops growing along the riverbanks downstream of the mines. The local agricultural communities consuming the contaminated rice developed [[Itai-itai]] disease and renal abnormalities, including [[proteinuria]] and [[glucosuria]].<ref>[http://www.springerlink.com/content/n0773057mw738u05/] Environmental cadmium exposure, adverse effects, and preventative measures in Japan. Nogowa et al. Biometals. 2004 Oct; 17(5):581-7.</ref> Cadmium is one of six substances banned by the European Union's [[ROHS|Restriction on Hazardous Substances]] (RoHS) directive, which bans carcinogens in computers. Cadmium and several cadmium-containing compounds are known [[carcinogen]]s and can induce many types of [[cancer]].<ref>[http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/index.cfm?objectid=32BA9724-F1F6-975E-7FCE50709CB4C932 11th Report on Carcinogens] provided by the National Toxicology Program</ref> Current research has found that cadmium toxicity may be carried into the body by [[zinc]] binding proteins; in particular, proteins that contain [[zinc finger]] protein structures. Zinc and cadmium are in the same group on the periodic table, contain the same common oxidation state (+2), and when ionized are almost the same size. Due to these similarities, cadmium can replace zinc in many biological systems, in particular, systems that contain softer ligands such as sulfur. Cadmium can bind up to ten times more strongly than zinc in certain biological systems, and is notoriously difficult to remove. In addition, cadmium can replace [[magnesium]] and [[calcium]] in certain biological systems, although these replacements are rare. Tobacco smoking is the most important single source of cadmium exposure in the general population. It has been estimated that about 10% of the cadmium content of a cigarette is inhaled through smoking. The absorption of cadmium from the lungs is much more effective than that from the gut, and as much as 50% of the cadmium inhaled via cigarette smoke may be absorbed. On average, smokers have 4-5 times higher blood cadmium concentrations and 2-3 times higher kidney cadmium concentrations than non-smokers. Despite the high cadmium content in cigarette smoke, there seems to be little exposure to cadmium from [[passive smoking]]. No significant effect on blood cadmium concentrations could be detected in children exposed to environmental tobacco smoke. ==Precautions== While working with cadmium, it is important to do so under a [[fume hood]] or with the use of an appropriate [[respirator]] to protect against dangerous fumes.<ref>[http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/cadmium/solutions.html OSHA Solutions for workplace cadmium exposure]</ref> [[Solder]], for example, which may contain cadmium, should be handled with care. --> == Rujukan == <references/> == Pranala njaba == {{wiktionarypar|cadmium}} {{Commons|Cadmium}} {{Wikisource1911Enc|Cadmium}} * [http://www-cie.iarc.fr/htdocs/monographs/vol58/mono58-2.htm IARC Monograph "Cadmium and Cadmium Compounds"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051015082333/http://www-cie.iarc.fr/htdocs/monographs/vol58/mono58-2.htm |date=2005-10-15 }} * [http://www.npi.gov.au/database/substance-info/profiles/17.html National Pollutant Inventory - Cadmium and compounds] * [http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/Cd/index.html WebElements.com – Cadmium]{{Pranala mati|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://periodic.lanl.gov/elements/48.html Los Alamos National Laboratory – Cadmium] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090228191622/http://periodic.lanl.gov/elements/48.html |date=2009-02-28 }} * [http://publicdocs.mnr.gov.on.ca/View.asp?Document_ID=10690&Attachment_ID=25585] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090609233824/http://publicdocs.mnr.gov.on.ca/View.asp?Document_ID=10690&Attachment_ID=25585 |date=2009-06-09 }} Warning Moose and Deer Liver * [http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/Cadmium National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health - Cadmium Page] {{clear}} {{Tabel périodik unsur kimia}} [[Kategori:Unsur kimia]] [[Kategori:Logam transisi]] [[Kategori:Toksikologi]] [[Kategori:IARC Group 1 karsinogen]] [[Kategori:Cadmium]] <!-- interwiki --> 24ueopunuufhlm8z5d1323emwot87b3 0 30960 1752182 1548629 2026-08-03T18:03:17Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1752182 wikitext text/x-wiki {{dati2 | nama = Kabupatèn Indragiri Hilir | lambang = [[Gambar:logo_kabupatèn_indragiri_hilir.jpg|120px|Lambang Kabupatèn Indragiri Hilir]] | peta = [[Gambar:Lokasi Riau Kabupatèn Indragiri Hilir.svg|300px|Peta lokasi Kabupatèn Indragiri Hilir]] | motto = "Berlayar sampai ke pulau,berjalan sampai ke batas" | provinsi = [[Riau]] | kutha krajan = [[Tembilahan]] | luas = 11,605.97 km² | koordinat = | penduduk = ± 624.450 jiwa | agama = [[Islam]], [[Buda]], [[Kristen]] | kepadatan =- | kacamatan =- | bahasa = [[Basa Banjar]], [[Basa Melayu]], [[Basa Bugis]], [[Basa Indonésia]], dll. | kalurahan =- | dhasar hukum = | tanggal = 20 November 1965 | kepala laladan = | nama kepala laladan = | kodearea = | apbd = | dau = | web = http://www.inhilkab.go.id/ }} '''Kabupatèn Indragiri Hilir''' iku [[kabupatèn]] ing provinsi [[Riau]], [[Indonésia]]. <!-- == Sejarah == Untuk melihat latar belakang sejarah berdirinya Kabupatèn [[Indragiri Hilir]] sebagai salah satu laladan otonom, dapat ditinjau dalam dua periode, yaitu periode sebelum kemerdekaan dan periode sesudah kemerdekaan Républik [[Indonésia]]. === Periode Sebelum Kemerdekaan Républik [[Indonésia]] === '''[[Kerajaan Keritang]]''' Kerajaan ini didirikan sekitar awal abad ke-6 yang berlokasi di wewengkon [[Kacamatan Keritang]] sekarang. Seni budayanya banyak dipengaruhi oleh agama [[Hindu]], sebagaimana terlihat pada arsitektur bangunan istana yang terkenal dengan sebutan Puri Tujuh (Pintu Tujuh) atau Kedaton Gunung Tujuh. Peninggalan kerajaan ini yang masih dapat dilihat hanya berupa puing. '''[[Kerajaan Kemuning]]''' Kerajaan ini didirikan oleh raja [[Singapura]] ke-V yang bergelar [[Raja Sampu]] atau [[Raja Iskandarsyah Zulkarnain]] yang lebih dikenal dengan nama [[Prameswara]]. Pada tahun 1231 telah diangkat seorang raja muda yang bergelar [[Datuk Setiadiraja]]. Letak kerajaan ini diperkirakan berada di Désa Kemuning Tua dan Désa Kemuning Muda. Bukti-bukti peninggalan kerajaan ini adalah ditemukannya selembar besluit dengan cap stempel kerajaan, bendera dan pedang kerajaan. '''[[Kerajaan Batin Enam Suku]]''' Pada tahun 1260, di laladan Indragiri Hilir bagian utara, yaitu di laladan [[Gaung Anak Serka]], [[Batang Tuaka]], [[Mandah]] dan [[Guntung]] dikuasai oleh raja-raja kecil bekas penguasa kerajaan [[Bintan]], yang karena perpecahan sebagian menyebar ke laladan tersebut. Diantaranya terdapat Enam Batin (Kepala Suku) yang terkenal dengan sebutan Batin Nan Enam Suku, yakni: # Suku Raja Asal di laladan Gaung. # Suku Raja Rubiah di laladan Gaung. # Suku Nek Gewang di laladan Anak Serka. # Suku Raja Mafait di laladan Guntung. # Suku Datuk Kelambai di laladan Mandah. # Suku Datuk Miskin di laladan Batang Tuaka '''[[Kerajaan Indragiri]]''' [[Kerajaan Indragiri]] diperkirakan berdiri tahun 1298 dengan raja pertama bergelar [[Raja Merlang I]] berkedudukan di [[Malaka]]. Demikian pula dengan penggantinya [[Raja Narasinga I]] dan [[Raja Merlang II]], tetap berkedudukan di [[Malaka]]. Sedangkan untuk urusan sehari-hari dilaksanakan oleh Datuk Patih atau [[Perdana Menteri]]. pada tahun 1473, waktu Raja Narasinga II yang bergelar Paduka Maulana Sri Sultan Alauddin Iskandarsyah Johan Zirullah Fil Alam (Sultan Indragiri IV), beliau menetap di ibu kota kerajaan yang berlokasi di [[Pekan Tua]] sekarang. Pada tahun 1815, dibawah Sultan Ibrahim, ibu kota kerajaan dipindahkan ke [[Rengat]]. dalam masa pemerintahan Sultan Ibrahim ini, [[Walanda]] mulai campur tangan terhadap kerajaan dengan mengangkat Sultan Muda yang berkedudukan di [[Peranap]] dengan batas wewengkon ke [[Hilir]] sampai dengan batas [[Japura]]. Selanjutnya, pada masa pemerintahan Sultan Isa, berdatanganlah orang - orang dari [[suku Banjar]] dan [[suku Bugis]] sebagai akibat kurang amannya laladan asal mereka. Khusus untuk [[suku Banjar]], perpindahannya akibat dihapuskannya [[Kerajaan Banjar]] oleh Gubernement pada tahun 1859 sehingga terjadi peperangan sampai tahun 1963. '''Masa Penjajahan [[Walanda]]''' Dengan adanya ''tractaat Van Vrindchaap'' (perjanjian perdamaian dan persahabatan) tanggal 27 September 1938 antara Kerajaan Indragiri dengan [[Walanda]], maka Kesultanan Indragiri menjadi Zelfbestuur. berdasarkan ketentuan tersebut, di wewengkon Indragiri Hilir ditempatkan seorang Controlleur yang membawahi 6 laladan keamiran: # Amir [[Tembilahan]] di [[Tembilahan]]. # Amir [[Batang Tuaka]] di [[Sungai Luar]]. # Amir [[Tempuling]] di [[Sungai Salak]]. # Amir [[Mandah]] dan [[Gaung]] di [[Khairiah Mandah]]. # Amir [[Enok]] di [[Enok]]. # Amir [[Reteh]] di [[Kotabaru]] Controlleur memegang wewenang semua jawatan, bahkan juga menjadi hakim di pengadilan wewengkon ini sehingga Zelfbestuur Kerajaan Indragiri terus dipersempit sampai dengan masuknya Jepang tahun 1942. '''Masa Pendudukan [[Jepang]]''' Balatentara [[Jepang]] memasuki Indragiri Hilir pada tanggal 31 Maret 1942 melalui [[Singapura]] terus ke [[Rengat]]. Tanggal 2 April 1942 Jepang menerima penyerahan tanpa syarat dari pihak Walanda yang waktu itu dibawah Controlleur K. Ehling . Sebelum tentara [[Jepang]] mendarat untuk pertama kalinya di laladan ini dikumandangkan [[lagu Indonesia Raya]] yang dipelopori oleh Ibnu Abbas. Pada masa pendudukan [[Jepang]] ini Indragiri Hilir dikepalai oleh seorang [[Cun Cho]] yang berkedudukan di [[Tembilahan]] dengan membawahi 5 [[Ku Cho]], yaitu: # Ku Cho [[Tembilahan]] dan [[Tempuling]] di [[Tembilahan]]. # Ku Cho [[Sungai Luar]]. # Ku Cho [[Enok]]. # Ku Cho [[Reteh]]. # Ku Cho [[Mandah]]. Pemerintahan [[Jepang]] di Indragiri Hilir sampai bulan Oktober 1945 selama lebih kurang 3,5 tahun. === Periode setelah berdirinya Indonésia === Pada awal kemerdekaan [[Indonésia]], [[Indragiri]] (Hulu dan Hilir) masih merupakan satu [[kabupatèn]]. Kabupatèn Indragiri ini terdiri atas 3 [[kewedanaan]], yaitu Kewedanaan [[Kuantan Singingi]] dengan ibu kotanya [[Lempongan Kuantan]], Kewedanaan [[Indragiri Hulu]] dengan ibu kotanya [[Rengat]] dan Kewedanaan Indragiri Hilir dengan ibu kotanya Tembilahan. Kewedanaan Indragiri Hilir membawahi 6 wewengkon yaitu: # Wewengkon [[Tempuling]]/[[Tembilahan]]. # Wewengkon [[Enok]]. # Wewengkon [[Gaung Anak Serka]]. # Wewengkon [[Mandah]]/[[Kateman]]. # Wewengkon [[Kuala Indragiri]]. # Wewengkon [[Reteh]] Perkembangan tata pemerintahan selanjutnya, menjadikan Indragiri Hilir dipecah menjadi dua kewedanaan masing-masing: '''Kewedanaan Indragiri Hilir Utara''' meliputi kacamatan: # Kacamatan [[Tempuling]]. # Kacamatan [[Tembilahan]]. # Kacamatan [[Gaung Anak Serka]]. # Kacamatan [[Mandah]]. # Kacamatan [[Kateman]]. # Kacamatan [[Kuala Indragiri]] dengan ibu kotanya [[Tembilahan]]. '''Kewedanaan Indragiri Hilir Selatan''' meliputi kacamatan: # Kacamatan [[Enok]]. # Kacamatan [[Reteh]] dengan ibu kotanya [[Enok]]. === Pemekaran Kabupatèn Indragiri === Merasa persyaratan administrasinya terpenuhi maka masyarakat Indragiri Hilir memohon kepada Menteri Dalam Negeri melalui Gubernur [[Riau]], agar Indragiri Hilir dimekarkan menjadi [[Kabupatèn]] Daerah Tingkat II yang berdiri sendiri ([[otonom]]). Setelah melalui penelitian, baik oleh Gubernur maupun Departemen Dalam Negeri, maka pemekaran diawali dengan dikeluarkannya Surat Keputusan Gubernur Kepala Laladan Tingkat I Riau (Propinsi [[Riau]]) tanggal 27 April 1965 nomor 052/5/1965 sebagai Laladan Persiapan Kabupatèn Indragiri Hilir. Pada tanggal 14 Juni 1965 dikeluarkanlah Undang-undang nomor 6 tahun 1965 Lembaran Nagara Républik [[Indonésia]] no. 49, maka Laladan Persiapan Kabupatèn Indragiri Hilir resmi dimekarkan menjadi Kabupatèn Daerah Tingkat II Indragiri Hilir (sekarang Kabupatèn Indragiri Hilir) yang berdiri sendiri, yang pelaksanaannya terhitung tanggal 20 November 1965. --> == Kacamatan-Kacamatan == # Kacamatan [[Tembilahan, Indragiri Hilir|Tembilahan]] # Kacamatan [[Tembilahan Hulu, Indragiri Hilir|Tembilahan Hulu]] # Kacamatan [[Tempuling, Indragiri Hilir|Tempuling]] # Kacamatan [[Pulau Burung, Indragiri Hilir|Pulau Burung]] # Kacamatan [[Lempongan Belengkong, Indragiri Hilir|Lempongan Belengkong]] # Kacamatan [[Kateman, Indragiri Hilir|Kateman]] # Kacamatan [[Pelangiran, Indragiri Hilir|Pelangiran]] # Kacamatan [[Mandah, Indragiri Hilir|Mandah]] # Kacamatan [[Gaung, Indragiri Hilir|Gaung]] # Kacamatan [[Gaung Anak Serka, Indragiri Hilir|Gaung Anak Serka]] # Kacamatan [[Batang Tuaka, Indragiri Hilir|Batang Tuaka]] # Kacamatan [[Kuala Indragiri, Indragiri Hilir|Kuala Indragiri]] # Kacamatan [[Enok, Indragiri Hilir|Enok]] # Kacamatan [[Tanah Merah, Indragiri Hilir|Tanah Merah]] # Kacamatan [[Reteh, Indragiri Hilir|Reteh]] # Kacamatan [[Keritang, Indragiri Hilir|Keritang]] # Kacamatan [[Kemuning, Indragiri Hilir|Kemuning]] <!-- == Potensi laladan == === Pertanian === Dengan potensi sumber daya alam yang berlimpah dan letak geografis yang sangat strategis, Indragiri Hilir terus memacu diri mengembangkan kawasannya menjadi salah satu pusat pertumbuhan ekonomi [[Riau]] dan pusat pertumbuhan kebudayaan ekonomi [[Riau]] dan Pusat kebudayaan [[Melayu]] di [[Asia Tenggara]]. Sebagai Kabupatèn tumbuh dan berkembang pada gerbang selatan propinsi [[Riau]] yang bersebelah dan mejadi [[hinderland]] [[Malaysia]] dan [[Singapura]], serta selangkah dari pusat pertumbuhan [[Batam]] dan [[Bintan]], masuknya investor. Potensi sumber daya alam Indragiri Hilir harus dikelola industri-industri hilir yang bermanfaat bagi laladan dan masyarakat. Untuk itu pemerintah [[Kabupatèn]] harus memprioritaskan pembangunan infrastruktur guna memudahkan hadirnya para investor lokal, [[regional]] bahkan [[intenational]]. Pemerintah Indragiri Hilir akan memberikan pelayanan terbaik yang diperlukan oleh calon penanam modal itu. Salah satu diantaranya adalah memberikan pelayanan terpadu satu pintu yang di kenal sebagai One Door Service. Dengan One Door Service calon investor akan mendapat pelayanan memuaskan, sejak dari informasi peluang bisnis. Sebagai laladan yang kaya akan sumber daya alam serta menyimpan berbagai potensi ekonomi, Indragiri Hilir menjanjikan banyak kemungkinan di masa depan. Didukung letak geografis yang strategis serta ditunjang tersedianya berbagai infrastruktur dan kebijakan pemerintah yang positif laladan ini merupakan lahan investasi yang layak diperhitungkan dalam era ekonomi global. Untuk menunjang percepatan pertumbuhan ekonomi dan mempermudah investasi, pemerintah laladan telah membangun berbagai infrastruktur terutama yang berkaitan dengan sektor pertanian. Potensi lahan basah (pasang surut) untuk persawahan di Kabupatèn Indragiri Hilir seluas ± 57.642 ha, yang belum dimanfaatkan seluas ± 23.965 ha dan yang sudah dimanfaatkan seluas ± 33.677 ha. Dengan produksi padi 127.369,48 GKG. Untuk potensi pengembangan lahan kering seluas ± 169.000 ha, yang belum dimanfaatkan seluas ± 84.648 ha, dan yang telah dimanfaatkan seluas ± 74.136 ha, dipergunakan untuk pengembangan palawija dengan luas areal ± 13.476 ha, dengan produksi 1.448 ton, dan buah-buahan dengan luas ± 1.247 ha, dengna produksi 27.958,04 ton, sayur-sayuran dangan luas ± 1.247 ha, dengan produksi 1.448 ton dan buah-buahan dengan luas ± 5.320,80 ha, dengan produksi 82.105,38 ton. === Perkebunan === Kebun Kelapa identik dengan Indragiri Hilir dan Indragiri Hilir adalah sentra kebun kelapa paling luas di [[Indonésia]], menjadi hamparan kebun kelapa dunia. Di sini pohon-pohon kelapa tumbuh dengan suburnya dari lahan-lahan yang semula hutan rawa-rawa. sebagai nagara pemilik kebun kelapa terluas di dunia, [[Indonésia]] mempunyai perkebunan seluas 3,7 juta hektar yang tersebar di kepulauan kelapa. Wewengkon [[Kateman]] atau yang lebih di kenal dengan sebagai [[Sungai Guntung]] adalah [[Kacamatan]] yang memiliki kebun kelapa paling luas disana. Kebun-kebun ini adalah milik [[PT. Pulau Sambu]], sebuah perusahaan [[agrobisnis]] yang memiliki kebun sekaligus pabrik minyak kelapa di Indragiri Hilir. Kebun kelapa disana dikelola secara profesional. Hamparan kebun itu bukan hanya subur, produktif dan dihandalkan, tapi juga indah mengasyikan. Kebun Kelapa [[Guntung]] sudah menjadi objek wisata atau [[agrowisata]] yang luar biasa. Dan inilah kebun kelapa raksasa dan daya tarik wisata yang tiada tara. Kabarnya disekitar pasisir akan dibuat badan jalan, sepanjang tepi kanal dan tanggul akan dapat dilalui kendaraan. Panjang kanal disambung-sambung akan mencapai 32.000 kilometer Luar biasa! itulah potret sekilas Negeri Sejuta Kelapa di Negeri Seribu Parit ini. === Peternakan === Potensi lahan yang dapat dikembangkan untuk usaha ternak pada sub sektor peternakan seluas ± 225.863 ha, dengan daya tampung ± 902.452 ekor dipergunakan untuk ternak besar (sapi). Adapun jumlah ternak besar saat ini ± 11.678 ekor dan ternak kecil (kambing dan domba) ± 30.862 ekor, sedangkan untuk kebutuhan daging di Kabupatèn Indragiri Hilir ± 2.995.744 ton dan kebutuhan telur ± 1.671.054 kg. Yang mampu dihasilkan usaha peternakan untuk daging ± 45% dan untuk telur ± 35.31%, maka peluang potensi pengembangan pasar lokal untuk daging dan telur sangat cukup terbuka. === Perikanan === Program kerjapembangunan perikanan di Kabupatèn Indragiri Hilir telah mengacu pada 4 (empat)usaha pokok, yaitu [[Intensifikasi]], [[ekstensifikasi]], [[diversifikasi]] dan [[rehabilitasi]],serta terus meningkatkan peranan perusahaan swasta dalam dunia perikanan dalam rangka pemerataan dan peningkatan pendapatan nelayan/petani ikan melalui peningkatan produksi dan produktifitas usaha, memenuhi kebutuhan konsumen ikan dalam negeri, penyediaan bahan baku industri dan peningkatan ekspor. Disamping itu, sekaligus dapat diarahkan untuk pemerataan kesempatan berusaha serta penyerapan tenaga kerja dengan tetap menjaga sumber daya dan lingkungan hidupperairan. Mengacu kepada tujuanpembangunan perikanan [[Riau]] dengan memperhatikan kondisi dan potensi perikanan dilaladan ini, maka program kerja pembangunan perikanan Indragiri Hilir dirumuskansebagai berikut: # Peningkatan produksi dan produktifitas nelayan serta pengembangan usaha budidaya pertambakan dalam rangka peningkatan pendapatan. # Peningkatan institusi pemasaran dan pemerataan distribusi perikanan untuk mempermudah suplai ikan bagi masyarakat yang bermukim di pedalaman. # Peningkatan ekspor sekaligus menekan impor komoditas perikanan. # Pemanfataan seefesien mungkin serta pemeliharaan kelestarian sumber daya dan lingkungan perairan. # Meningkatkan peranan sub sektor perikanan dalam kegiatan dan pembangunan [[pedésaan]] terutama dalam hal menciptakan peluang bekerja dan berusaha. Evaluasi pelaksanaan tugas subsektor perikanan Indragiri Hilir disusun berdasarkan realisasi kegiatan yang dilaksanakan oleh Dinas Perikanan Indragiri Hilir serta kegiatan-kegiatan yang dilaksanakan oleh nelayan/petani ikan di laladan ini sehingga akan tergambarpencapaian sasaran target berdasarkan yang telah diprogramkan. Luas lahan potensial untuk usaha pengembangan budidaya air payau (tambak) sekitar 13.000 hektar,sedangkan untuk budidaya air tawar (kolam) sekitar 1.657 Ha. Jumlah penduduk yang berusaha di bidang perikanan baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung/sambilan. === Pertambangan === # [[Batubara]] # [[Granit]] # [[Pasir]] # [[Pasir Sungai]] ([[Pasir Timbun]]) # [[Pasir Kuarsa]] # [[Tanah Liat]] # [[Kaolin]] # [[Gambut]] # [[Tanah Urug]] Baru-baru ini ditemukan sumur migas baru di [[Inhil]] (sekitar perbatasan [[Inhil]]-[[Inhu]]) --> == Deleng uga == * [[Pratélan kabupatèn lan kutha ing Indonésia]] == Pranala njaba == * [http://www.inhilkab.go.id/ Situs resmi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721120517/http://www.inhilkab.go.id/ |date=2011-07-21 }} {{Kabupatèn Indragiri Hilir}} {{riau}} [[Kategori:Kabupatèn ing Riau|Indragiri Hilir]] [[Kategori:Kabupatèn ing Indonésia|Indragiri Hilir]] [[Kategori:Kabupatèn Indragiri Hilir| ]] {{indo-geo-stub}} i55jmyag3ynzm7ectawsy4mqen5yrv0 0 42507 1752184 1671869 2026-08-03T18:37:38Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1752184 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:CottonPlant.JPG|thumb|300px|Kapas kang siyap dipanèn]] '''Kapas''' iku siji [[serat]] lembut kang tuwuh ing saubengé wiji [[Malvaceae|tuwuhan kapas]], siji '[[shrub]]' kang tuwuh ana ing laladan [[tropis]] lan [[subtropis]]. Fiber iki sabanjuré digulung dadi [[benang]] lan kanggo gawé kain utawa [[tèkstil]]. Kapas minangka tuwuhan kang duwé aji amarga mung watara 10% saka bobot kasaré ilang sajeroning pamrosèsan. Nalika [[lilin]], [[protèin]], lll disingkiraké, sisané ya iku [[polimer]] alami saka [[selulosa]] murni. Selulosa iki tumata saéngga mènèhi kapas sipat kakuwatan, durabilitas, daya serap kang unik. <!-- == Sejarah == [[Berkas:Mandeville cotton.jpg|thumb|Cotton plant as imagined and drawn by [[John Mandeville]] in the [[14th century]]]] [[Berkas:Cotton_field.jpg|thumb|290px|Oklahoma Cotton Field. Overseer and Negro cottonpickers, ca. 1897-98.]] Cotton has been used to make very fine lightweight [[cloth]] in areas with tropical climates for millennia. Some authorities claim that it was likely that the [[Egypt]]ians had cotton as early as 12,000 BC, and evidence has been found of cotton in [[Mexico|Mexican]] caves (cotton cloth and fragments of fibre interwoven with [[feather]]s and [[fur]]) which dated back to approximately 7,000 years ago. There is clear archaeological evidence that people in South America and India domesticated different species of cotton independently thousands of years ago. The earliest written reference to cotton is in [[India]]. Cotton has been grown in India for more than three thousand years, and it is referred to in the [[Rig-Veda]], written in 1500 BC. A thousand years later the great [[Ancient Greece|Greek]] historian [[Herodotus]] wrote about Indian cotton: "There are trees which grow wild there, the fruit of which is a [[wool]] exceeding in beauty and goodness that of [[sheep]]. The Indians make their clothes of this tree wool". (Book iii. 106) During the late [[mediaeval]] period, cotton became known as an [[import]]ed fibre in northern [[Europe]], without any knowledge of what it came from other than that it was a [[plant]]; people in the region, familiar only with [[animal]] fibres ([[wool]] from [[sheep]]), could only imagine that cotton must be produced by plant-borne sheep. [[John Mandeville]], writing in [[1350]], stated as fact the now-preposterous belief: "There grew there India a wonderful tree which bore tiny lambs on the endes of its branches. These branches were so pliable that they bent down to allow the lambs to feed when they are hungrie.". This aspect is retained in the name for cotton in many European languages, such as [[German language|German]] ''Baumwolle'', which translates as "tree wool". By the end of the 16th century AD, cotton was cultivated throughout the warmer regions in [[Africa]], [[Eurasia]] and [[the Americas]]. The Indian cotton processing industry was eclipsed during the [[Britain|British]] [[Industrial Revolution]], when the invention of the [[Spinning Jenny]] ([[1764]]) and Arkwright's [[spinning frame]] ([[1769]]) enabled cheap mass-production of cotton cloth in the [[United Kingdom|UK]]. Production capacity was further improved by the invention of the [[cotton gin]] by [[Eli Whitney]] in [[1793]]. In the [[United States]], growing the three crops, cotton, [[indigo dye|indigo]] and [[tobacco]] historically were the leading occupations of [[slave]]s. After [[emancipation]], the [[share cropping]] system evolved which in many cases differed little from the systems of slavery. --> <!-- == Produksi == [[Berkas:Cotton harvest.jpg|thumb|Panen kapas di Texas.]] Sekarang ini kapas diproduksi di banyak tempat di dunia, termasuk [[Éropah]], [[Asia]], [[Afrika]], [[Amerika]], dan [[Australia]], menggunakan tanaman kapas yang telah dipilih jadi dapat menghasilkan lebih banyak fiber. Pada 2002, kapas ditumbuhkan di 330.000 km&sup2; ladang, 47 milyar pon kapas mentah seharga 20 milyar [[dolar AS]] ditumbuhkan tahun tersebut. <!-- The cotton industry relies heavily on chemicals such as [[fertiliser]]s and [[insecticide]]s, although some farmers are moving towards an organic model of production, and chemical-free organic cotton products are now available. Historically, one of the most economically destructive pests in cotton production has been the [[boll weevil]]. Most cotton is harvested mechanically, either by a [[cotton picker]], a machine that removes the cotton from the boll without damaging the cotton plant, or by a [[cotton stripper]] which strips the entire boll off the plant. Cotton strippers are generally used in regions where it is too windy to grow picker varieties of cotton and generally used after application of a [[defoliant]] or natural defoliation occurring after a freeze. Cotton is a perennial crop in the tropics and without defoliation or freezing, the plant will continue to grow. Cotton is a close relative of [[okra]] and [[hibiscus]]. [[Berkas:Cotton_pollination_5892.JPG|thumb|Gossypium hirsutum: Cotton blossom with bumblebee pollinator, Hemingway, South Carolina]] The logistics of cotton harvesting and processing have been improved by the development of the [[cotton module builder]], a machine that compresses harvested cotton into a large block, which is then covered with a tarp and temporarily stored at the edge of the field. ==Cotton processing== After [[cultivation]], '''[[cotton]]''' is harvested at the farm, and goes through multiple '''processes'''. Before processing, there are 3 stages: # [[Ginning]] # [[Spinning (textiles)|Spinning]] # [[Weaving]] After weaving, cotton typically fabric passes through several processing stages. After some stages the fabric can be directly used in the final product, for example unbleached cloth is used in grain bags. Typical stages are: #[[Singeing]] #[[Desizing]] #[[Scouring]] #[[Bleaching]] #[[Mercerizing]] #[[Dyeing]] #[[Finishing]] == Kagunaan == Sebagai tambahan dari industri tekstil, kapas juga digunakan dalam jaring ikan, saringan kopi, tenda, dan pembatas buku. Uang China pertama terbuat dari fiber kapas, dan juga [[uang dollar]] AS modern. [[Denim]], sebuah jenis pakaian 'durable', sebagian besar terbuat dari kapas, dan juga kebanyakan [[T-shirt]]. The cottonseed which remains after the cotton is ginned is used to produce [[cottonseed oil]], which after refining can be consumed by humans like any other [[vegetable oil]]. The [[cottonseed meal]] that is left is generally fed to [[livestock]]. ==morfologi kapas== Efek lingkungan atas pertumbuhan tiap jenis varitas tiap kapas adalah berlainan sekali. Pengetahuan atas sifat-sifat pembawaan dapat kemungkinan untuk mengetahui dasn mengenalsifat-sifat lain yang tidak di inginkan, terutama telah didapatkan satu antara masina-masing tanaman. ==Fair trade== Cotton is an enormously important commodity throughout the world. However, many farmers in developing countries receive a low price for their produce, or find it difficult to compete with developed countries. This has led to '[[fair trade]]' cotton clothing being available in some countries. == Old British cotton yarn measures == *1 thread = 54 inches (c. 137 cm) *1 skein or rap = 80 threads (120 yards or c. 109 m) *1 hank = 7 skeins (840 yards or c. 768 m) *1 spindle = 18 hanks (15,120 yards or c. 13.826 km) --> == Uga delengen == * [[Gin kapas]] == Réferènsi lan wacan == * ''The Thames and Hudson Manual of Dyes and Fabrics'', Joyce Storey, 1978 * [http://gardenbees.com/cotton%20spray/cottonspray.htm Photo documentation and commentary on collateral damage to the environment from cotton spraying] == Pranala njaba == * [http://www.cottoninc.com/ Cotton Incorporated] - a cotton industry trade group * [http://tradingcharts.naq.com/futures/quotes/ct.html/ New York Cotton Futures Prices] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060505231127/http://tradingcharts.naq.com/futures/quotes/CT.html |date=2006-05-05 }} (30 Minute Delay) * [http://www.nybot.com/ New York Board of Trade] * [http://www.cotton-net.com/default.htm Cotton on the Net: The Cotton Market Directory] * [http://www.ams.usda.gov/cotton/mncs/index.htm USDA AMS - Market News Reports - Cotton Reports] * [http://www.tfc-charts.w2d.com/ Commodity Futures & Financial Market Charts] * [http://www.usda.gov/ U.S. Department of Agriculture] * [http://www.cottonusa.org/index.htm Cotton Council International] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040812080211/http://www.cottonusa.org/index.htm |date=2004-08-12 }} * [http://www.cotton.org/cf/index.htm Cotton Foundation] * [http://www.meeman.rhodes.edu/institutes/cotton/default.html ACSA International Cotton Institute] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010811135413/http://www.meeman.rhodes.edu/institutes/cotton/default.html |date=2001-08-11 }} * [http://www.supimacotton.org/ The Supima Association] * [http://www.acsa-cotton.org/ American Cotton Shippers Association] * [http://www.atmi.org/ American Textile Manufactures Institute] * [http://www.cottoninc.com/ Cotton Incorporated] * [http://www.icac.org/ International Cotton Advisory Committee] * [http://www.cotton-net.com/ Cotton on the Net Home Page] * [http://www.cotton.org/news National Cotton Council News and Current Events] * [http://www.landofcotton.com/ The Land of Cotton News Magazine] * [http://www.theseam.com The Seam] * [http://www.ecotton.com eCotton] * [http://www.pcca.com Plains Cotton Cooperative Association]{{Pranala mati|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.acsa-cotton.org/ American Cotton Shippers Association] * [http://www.ams.usda.gov/cotton Agricultural Marketing Service] * [http://www.lca.org.uk International Cotton Association] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090309065704/http://www.lca.org.uk/ |date=2009-03-09 }} [[Kategori:Material biodegradable]] [[Kategori:Serat]] [[als:Baumwolle]] [[de:Baumwolle]] [[el:Βαμβάκι]] [[hsb:Bałmowc]] [[ht:Koton]] [[ko:목화]] [[sv:Bomullsläktet]] [[th:ฝ้าย]] mbd1xoegc3yupps4cvnup1b4gxhhbpf 0 62462 1752239 1627681 2026-08-04T11:49:08Z Jommy3210 73351 /* Rékor ing Piala Donya */ 1752239 wikitext text/x-wiki {{timnas bal-balan | Name = Koréa Kidul | Badge =| Nickname = Macan Asia, Ksatria Taeguk | Association = [[Asosiasi Bal-balan Koréa]] | Coach = {{Flagicon|Koréa Kidul}} [[Huh Jung Moo]] | Most caps = [[Hong Myung-Bo]] (135) | Top scorer = [[Cha Bum-Kun]] (55) | pattern_la1=_kore18h|pattern_b1=_kore18h|pattern_ra1=_kore18h|pattern_sh1=_kore18h|pattern_so1=_kor18H | leftarm1=e20325|body1=e20325|rightarm1=e20325|shorts1=262626|socks1=e20325 | pattern_la2=_kor18a|pattern_b2=_kor18a|pattern_ra2=_kor18a|pattern_sh2=_kor18a|pattern_so2=_kor18A | leftarm2=FFFFFF|body2=FFFFFF|rightarm2=FFFFFF|shorts2=FFFFFF|socks2=FFFFFF | First game = {{flagicon|KOR}} '''Koréa Kidul''' 5 - 3 {{flagicon|MEX}}[[Timnas bal-balan Meksiko|Meksiko]]{{br}}([[London]], [[Inggris]]; [[2 Agustus]] [[1948]]) | Largest win = {{flagicon|KOR}} '''Koréa Kidul''' 16 - 0 {{flagicon|Nepal}} [[Timnas bal-balan Nepal|Nepal]]{{br}}([[Incheon]], [[Koréa Kidul]]; [[29 September]] [[2003]]) | Largest loss = {{flagicon|SWE}} [[Timnas bal-balan Swèdhen|Swèdhen]] 12 - 0 {{flagicon|KOR}} [[Koréa Kidul]] {{br}}([[London]], [[Inggris]]; [[5 Agustus]] [[1948]]) | World cup apps = 7| World cup first = 1954 | World cup best = Posisi angka 4, [[Piala Donya FIFA 2002|2002]] | Regional name = [[Piala Asia]] | Regional cup apps = 11 | Regional cup first = [[Piala Asia 1956|1956]] | Regional cup best = Juwara, [[Piala Asia 1956|1956]] lan [[Piala Asia 1960|1960]] }} '''Tim nasional bal-balan [[Koréa Kidul]]''' iku tim nasional [[bal-balan]] [[Asia]] kang paling suksès miwiti debuté ing [[Olimpiade 1948]]. Koréa ing jaman kuna duwé permainan bal kang jenengé ''[[chuk-guk]]'', mèmper banget karo bal-balan jaman saiki. Sanadyan mangkono, wong-wong Koréa tepung karo vèrsi modhèren bal-balan sapisanan ing taun [[1882]] nalika awak-awak kapal Britania main wektu kapal labuh ing palabuhan [[Incheon]]. <!-- Taun 1921, Turnamen Bal-balan Korea diadakan untuk pertama kalinya, dan kemudian pada tahun [[1928]], [[Asosiasi Bal-balan Korea]] didirikan, senganti menciptakan fondasi untuk mengembangkan bal-balan di Korea. Selama periode penjajahan kolonial Jepang di Korea, bal-balan turut berperan dalam mengurangi perasaan frustrasi yang dialami warga Korea dan memperkuat harapan akan kebebasan. Asosiasi Bal-balan Korea (KFA) kembali difungsikan pada tahun [[1948]], setelah didirikannya Republik Korea. KFA menjadi anggota [[Fédération Internationale de Football Association]] pada tahun yang sama. KFA kemudian bergabung dengan [[Konfederasi Bal-balan Asia]] (AFC) pada tahun [[1954]]. Sejak tahun [[1960-an]], Korea Kidul muncul sebagai kekuatan bal-balan di Asia, menjuwarai beberapa kejuwaraan bal-balan Asia yang prestisius. Timnas Korea Kidul mèlu dalam [[Piala Donya FIFA]] selama 5 kali berturut-turut nganti tahun 1986, menjadikan para pemainnya raja-raja bal-balan Asia. Liga profesional Korea, [[K-League]], dimulai pada tahun [[1983]] sebagai liga profesional pertama di Asia. Hal ini bukan saja menggembirakan hati para penggemar, namun juga meningkatkan level bal-balan Korea. [[Piala Donya FIFA 2002|Piala Donya 2002]] menjadi tanda kemajuan pesat yang dicapai Korea. Dipilihnya Korea Kidul dan Jepang untuk menjadi tuan rumah bersama merupakan hasil dari kegemaran dan ketertarikan warga Korea dalam bal-balan. Dipimpin pelatih asal [[Belanda]], [[Guus Hiddink]], timnas Korea Kidul mengejutkan donya dengan mengalahkan [[timnas bal-balan Italia]] yang kuat dan melaju nganti ke semifinal untuk pertama kalinya bagi sebuah tim dari Asia. Antusiasme para pendukungnya, yang dipanggil "setan merah", juga menarik perhatian para penonton. --> == Rékor ing Piala Donya == * [[Piala Donya FIFA 1930|1930]] nganti [[Piala Donya FIFA 1950|1950]] - ''Ora mèlu'' * [[Piala Donya FIFA 1954|1954]] - Babak angka 1 * [[Piala Donya FIFA 1958|1958]] - ''Ora mèlu'' * [[Piala Donya FIFA 1962|1962]] - ''Ora mèlu'' * [[Piala Donya FIFA 1966|1966]] - ''Mundur'' * [[Piala Donya FIFA 1970|1970]] nganti [[Piala Donya FIFA 1982|1982]] - ''Ora lolos'' * [[Piala Donya FIFA 1986|1986]] - Babak angka 1 * [[Piala Donya FIFA 1990|1990]] - Babak angka 1 * [[Piala Donya FIFA 1994|1994]] - Babak angka 1 * [[Piala Donya FIFA 1998|1998]] - Babak angka 1 * [[Piala Donya FIFA 2002|2002]] - Peringkat angka 4 * [[Piala Donya FIFA 2006|2006]] - Babak angka 1 * [[Piala Donya FIFA 2010|2010]] - Babak angka 2 * [[Piala Donya FIFA 2014|2014]] - Babak angka 1 * [[Piala Donya FIFA 2018|2018]] - Babak angka 1 * [[Piala Donya FIFA 2022|2022]] - Babak angka 2 * [[Piala Donya FIFA 2026|2026]] - Babak angka 1 == Rékor ing Piala Asia == * [[Piala Asia 1956|1956]] - '''Juwara''' * [[Piala Asia 1960|1960]] - '''Juwara''' * [[Piala Asia 1964|1964]] - Peringkat angka 3 * [[Piala Asia 1968|1968]] - ''Ora lolos'' * [[Piala Asia 1972|1972]] - Peringkat angka 2 * [[Piala Asia 1976|1976]] - ''Ora lolos'' * [[Piala Asia 1980|1980]] - Peringkat angka 2 * [[Piala Asia 1984|1984]] - Babak angka 1 * [[Piala Asia 1988|1988]] - Peringkat angka 2 * [[Piala Asia 1992|1992]] - ''Ora lolos'' * [[Piala Asia 1996|1996]] - Perempat final * [[Piala Asia 2000|2000]] - Peringkat angka 3 * [[Piala Asia 2004|2004]] - Perempat final * [[Piala Asia 2007|2007]] - Peringkat angka 3 == Pemain kondhang == * [[Lee Chun-soo]] * [[Cha Bum-kun]] * [[Hong Myung-bo]] * [[Hwang Sun-hong]] * [[Park Ji-sung]] * [[Ahn Jung-hwan]] * [[Seol Ki-hyeon]] * [[Lee Dong-gook]] {{fb start}} {{bal-balan internasional}} {{timAFC}} {{nagara peserta piala donya 2006}} {{fb end}} [[Kategori:Tim nasional bal-balan|Koréa Kidul]] 3zfzq5x50591fw3jez7w9yr4sqryb8x 0 62777 1752238 1627672 2026-08-04T11:46:50Z Jommy3210 73351 1752238 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox National football team | Name = Ostrali | Badge = FootballFederationOstrali-logo.png | Nickname = Socceroos | Association = [[Federasi Bal-balan Ostrali]] | Coach = Tony Popovic | Current Captain = [[Lucas Neill]] | Most caps = [[Alex Tobin]] (87) | Top scorer = [[Damian Mori]] (29) | pattern_la1=|pattern_b1=|pattern_ra1=| leftarm1=FFE605|body1=FFE605|rightarm1=FFE605|shorts1=177245|socks1=FFC900| pattern_la2=|pattern_b2=|pattern_ra2=| leftarm2=000060|body2=000060|rightarm2=000060|shorts2=000060|socks2=FFC900| First game = [[Tim nasional bal-balan Selandia Baru|Selandia Baru]] 3 - 1 Ostrali{{br}}([[Dunedin]], [[Selandia Baru]]; [[17 Juni]] [[1922]]) | Largest win = Ostrali 31 - 0 [[Tim nasional bal-balan Samoa Amérika|Samoa Amérika]]{{br}}([[Coffs Harbour, New South Wales|Coffs Harbour]], [[Ostrali]]; [[11 April]] [[2001]]){{br}}''(rékor donya)'' | Largest loss = Ostrali 0 - 8 [[Tim nasional bal-balan Afrika Selatan|Afrika Selatan]]{{br}}([[Adelaide]], [[Ostrali]]; [[17 September]] [[1955]]) | World cup apps = 2 | World cup first = 1974 | World cup best = Babak 2, [[Piala Donya FIFA 2006|2006]] | Regional name = (A) [[Piala Oseania]] {{br}} (B) [[Piala Asia AFC]]| Regional cup apps = 6| Regional cup first = 1980 | Regional cup best = (A) Juwara - (1980, 1996, 2000, 2004) {{br}} (B) Perempat final (2007) }} [[Gambar:Australia vs New Zealand.jpg|thumb|left|200px|{{timnas|Ostrali}} melawan {{timnas|Selandia Baru}} pada tetandhingan persahabatan di [[Craven Cottage]], [[London]] pada 9 Juni [[2005]]]] '''Tim nasional bal-balan Australia''' makili [[Australia]] sajeroning kajuwaraan-kajuwaraan [[bal-balan]] internasional. Australia partisipasi sajeroning [[Piala Donya FIFA]] kanggo sapisanan taun [[1974]], nanging gagal ngliwati babak pisanan. Sawisé iku, Australia makaping-kaping amèh lolos menyang Piala Donya nanging tansah kalah ing babak ''playoff'' (vs. Kanada, 1994; Iran, 1998; Uruguay, 2002) nganti taun 2006, wektu tim iki ketemu [[tim nasional bal-balan Uruguay|Uruguay]] ing babak ''playoff'' lan lolos sawisé menang liwat [[adu penalti]]. Sawisé cukup suwé gabung ing [[Konfederasi Bal-balan Oseania]], Australia mutusaké pindah menyang [[Konfederasi Bal-balan Asia]] wiwit taun [[2006]]. == Rékor Piala Donya == * [[Piala Donya FIFA 1930|1930]] nganti [[Football World Cup 1962|1962]] – ''ora mèlu'' * [[Piala Donya FIFA 1966|1966]] - ''ora lolos'' * [[Piala Donya FIFA 1970|1970]] - ''ora lolos'' * [[Piala Donya FIFA 1974|1974]] - Babak 1 * [[Piala Donya FIFA 1978|1978]] nganti [[Football World Cup 2002|2002]] - ''ora lolos'' * [[Piala Donya FIFA 2006|2006]] - Babak 2 == Rékor [[Piala Konfederasi]] == * [[Piala Raja Fahd 1992|1992]] - ''ora diundang'' * [[Piala Raja Fahd 1995|1995]] - ''ora diundang'' * [[Piala Konfederasi 1997|1997]] - Peringkat kaloro * [[Piala Konfederasi 1999|1999]] - ''ora lolos'' * [[Piala Konfederasi 2001|2001]] - Peringkat katiga * [[Piala Konfederasi 2003|2003]] - ''ora lolos'' * [[Piala Konfederasi 2005|2005]] - Babak 1 === Rékor Piala Oseania === * 1973 - ''ora mèlu'' * 1980 - '''Juwara''' * 1996 - '''Juwara''' * 1998 - Peringkat kaloro * 2000 - '''Juwara''' * 2002 - Peringkat kaloro * 2004 - '''Juwara''' == Rékor Piala Asia == * [[Kajuwaraan Sepakbola Asia 2007|2007]] - '''Babak 8 besar''' * [[Kajuwaraan Sepakbola Asia 2011|2011]] - '''Peringkat kaloro''' == Pemain-pemain kondhang == * [[Mark Bosnich]] * [[Craig Johnston]] * [[Harry Kewell]] * [[Damian Mori]] * [[Kevin Muscat]] * [[Robbie Slater]] * [[Mark Viduka]] * [[Johnny Warren]] == Skuad Piala Donya 2006 == Pelatih: {{Flagicon|Nèderlan}} [[Guus Hiddink]] {{nat fs start}} {{nat fs player|no=1|pos=GK|name=[[Gambar:Flag_of_New_South_Wales.svg|30px]] [[Mark Schwarzer]]|age=[[6 Oktober]] [[1972]]|caps=52|club={{Flagicon|Inggris}} [[Middlesbrough]]}} {{nat fs player|no=2|pos=DF|name=[[Gambar:Flag_of_New_South_Wales.svg|30px]] [[Lucas Neill]]|age=[[9 Maret]] [[1978]]|caps=22|club={{Flagicon|Inggris}} [[Blackburn Rovers F.C.|Blackburn Rovers]]}} {{nat fs player|no=3|pos=DF|name=[[Gambar:Flag_of_New_South_Wales.svg|30px]] [[Craig Moore]]|age=[[12 Dhésèmber]] [[1975]]|caps=30|club={{Flagicon|Inggris}} [[Newcastle United F.C.|Newcastle United]]}} {{nat fs player|no=4|pos=MF|name=[[Gambar:Flag_of_New_South_Wales.svg|30px]] [[Tim Cahill]]|age=[[6 Dhésèmber]] [[1979]]|caps=14|club={{Flagicon|Inggris}} [[Everton F.C.|Everton]]}} {{nat fs player|no=5|pos=MF|name=[[Gambar:Flag_of_New_South_Wales.svg|30px]] [[Jason Culina]]|age=[[5 Agustus]] [[1980]]|caps=11|club={{Flagicon|Nèderlan}} [[PSV|PSV Eindhoven]]}} {{nat fs player|no=6|pos=DF|name=[[Gambar:Flag_of_New_South_Wales.svg|30px]] [[Tony Popovic]]|age=[[4 Juli]] [[1973]]|caps=54|club={{Flagicon|Inggris}} [[Crystal Palace F.C.|Crystal Palace]]}} {{nat fs player|no=7|pos=MF|name=[[Gambar:Flag_of_New_South_Wales.svg|30px]] [[Brett Emerton]]|age=[[22 Fèbruari]] [[1979]]|caps=45|club={{Flagicon|Inggris}} [[Blackburn Rovers F.C.|Blackburn Rovers]]}} {{nat fs player|no=8|pos=MF|name=[[Gambar:Flag_of_South_Ostrali.svg|30px]] [[Josip Skoko]]|age=[[10 Dhésèmber]] [[1975]]|caps=11|club={{Flagicon|Inggris}} [[Wigan Athletic]]}} {{nat fs player|no=9|pos=FW|name=[[Gambar:Flag of Victoria (Ostrali).svg|30px]] [[Mark Viduka]]|age=[[9 Oktober]] [[1975]]|caps=31|club={{Flagicon|Inggris}} [[Middlesbrough F.C.|Middlesbrough]]}} {{nat fs player|no=10|pos=FW|name=[[Gambar:Flag_of_New_South_Wales.svg|30px]] [[Harry Kewell]]|age=[[22 September]] [[1978]]|caps=19|club={{Flagicon|Inggris}} [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]]}} {{nat fs player|no=11|pos=MF|name=[[Gambar:Flag of Western Ostrali.svg|30px]] [[Stan Lazaridis]]|age=[[16 Agustus]] [[1972]]|caps=19|club={{Flagicon|Inggris}} [[Birmingham City F.C.|Birmingham City]]}} {{nat fs player|no=12|pos=GK|name=[[Gambar:Flag_of_New_South_Wales.svg|30px]] [[Ante Covic]]|age=[[13 Juni]] [[1975]]|caps=1|club={{Flagicon|Swèdhen}} [[Hammarby]]}} {{nat fs player|no=13|pos=MF|name=[[Gambar:Flag of Victoria (Ostrali).svg|30px]] [[Vince Grella]]|age=[[5 Oktober]] [[1979]]|caps=16|club={{Flagicon|Itali}} [[Parma F.C.|Parma]]}} {{nat fs player|no=14|pos=DF|name=[[Gambar:Flag_of_New_South_Wales.svg|30px]] [[Scott Chipperfield]]|age=[[30 Dhésèmber]] [[1975]]|caps=44|club={{Flagicon|Swiss}} [[FC Basel]]}} {{nat fs player|no=15|pos=FW|name=[[Gambar:Flag of South Ostrali.svg|30px]] [[John Aloisi]]|age=[[5 Fèbruari]] [[1976]]|caps=39|club={{Flagicon|Spanyol}} [[Deportivo Alavés]]}} {{nat fs player|no=16|pos=DF|name=[[Gambar:Flag_of_New_South_Wales.svg|30px]] [[Michael Beauchamp]]|age=[[8 Maret]] [[1978]]|caps=1|club={{Flagicon|Ostrali}} [[Central Coast Mariners]]}} {{nat fs player|no=17|pos=FW|name=[[Gambar:Flag of Victoria (Ostrali).svg|30px]] [[Archie Thompson]]|age=[[23 Oktober]] [[1978]]|caps=17|club={{Flagicon|Nèderlan}} [[PSV|PSV Eindhoven]]}} {{nat fs player|no=18|pos=GK|name=[[Gambar:Flag_of_New_South_Wales.svg|30px]] [[Zeljko Kalac]]|age=[[16 Dhésèmber]] [[1972]]|caps=50|club={{Flagicon|Itali}} [[A.C. Milan]]}} {{nat fs player|no=19|pos=FW|name=[[Gambar:Flag of Victoria (Ostrali).svg|30px]] [[Joshua Kennedy]]|age=[[20 Agustus]] [[1982]]|caps=0|club={{Flagicon|Jerman}} [[Dynamo Dresden]]}} {{nat fs player|no=20|pos=MF|name=[[Gambar:Flag_of_New_South_Wales.svg|30px]] [[Luke Wilkshire]]|age=[[2 Oktober]] [[1981]]|caps=7|club={{Flagicon|Inggris}} [[Bristol City F.C.|Bristol City]]}} {{nat fs player|no=21|pos=MF|name=[[Gambar:Flag_of_New_South_Wales.svg|30px]] [[Mile Sterjovski]]|age=[[27 Mèi]] [[1979]]|caps=19|club={{Flagicon|Swiss}} [[FC Basel]]}} {{nat fs player|no=22|pos=DF|name=[[Gambar:Flag_of_New_South_Wales.svg|30px]] [[Mark Milligan]]|age=[[4 Agustus]] [[1985]]|caps=0|club={{Flagicon|Ostrali}} [[Sydney fc|Sydney FC]]}} {{nat fs player|no=23|pos=MF|name=[[Gambar:Flag of Victoria (Ostrali).svg|30px]] [[Marco Bresciano]]|age=[[11 Fèbruari]] [[1980]]|caps=22|club={{Flagicon|Itali}} [[Parma F.C.|Parma]]}} {{nat fs end}} == Pranala njaba == * [http://www.footballaustralia.com.au Situs resmi Federasi Bal-balan Australia] * [http://www.ozfootball.net/ark/Socceroo/Socceroo.html Arsip hasil pertandingan sejak 1922] * [http://www.rsssf.com/miscellaneous/aus-recintlp.html Arsip RSSSF mengenai pemain dengan penampilan terbanyak dan pencetak gol terbanyak] {{fb start}} {{timAFC}} {{nagara peserta piala donya 2006}} {{fb end}} [[Kategori:Tim nasional bal-balan|Australia]] 0fifl9gbscbd5gy0q71iqxltvt0toyl 0 75113 1752222 1751581 2026-08-04T04:17:48Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1752222 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:Neonatal tetanus 6374.jpg|thumb|200px|Bayi kang lara tetanus]] '''Tétanus''' kang dikenal uga minangka ''lockjaw'' <ref name=kle>Klein J. 2007. Infections tetanus. [terhubung berkala]. http://www.kidshealth.org/parent/infections/bacterial_viral/tetanus.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160125114129/http://kidshealth.org/parent/infections/bacterial_viral/tetanus.html |date=2016-01-25 }} [31 Mèi 2008].</ref>, punika [[lelara]] kang disebabaké déning [[tetanospasmin]], ya iku sejenis [[neurotoksin]] kang diprodhuksi déning ''Clostridium tetani'' kang nginfèksi [[sistem urat saraf]] lan [[otot]] mula saraf lan otot dadi kaku.<ref name=kle/> Kitasato ya iku wong kang wiwitan kasil anggoné ngisolasi [[organisme]] saka [[kurban]] manungsa kang kena tétanus lan uga nglaporaké manawa toksiné bisa dinétralisasi nganggo [[antibodi]] kang [[spesifik]].<ref name=kle/> Tembung ''tétanus'' asal saka [[basa Yunani]] ya iku ''tetanos'' saka ''teinein'' kang ateges kaku.<ref name=far>Farrar JJ, Yèn LM, Cook T, Fairweather N, Binh N, Parry J, Parry CM. 2009. Tetamus. ''J Neurol, Neurosurg, and Psychia'' 69 (3): 292–301</ref> Lelara iki nginfèksi nalika [[spasme]] otot tonik lan hiperrèflèksia nyebabaké trismus (''lockjaw''), spasme otot umum, gègèr kang mlengkung ([[opistotonus]]), spasme glotal, kejang, lan paralisis pernapasan.<ref name=brock/> == Karakteristik ''Clostridium tetani'' == [[Gambar:Clostridium tetani.jpg|thumb|240px|''Clostridium tetani'']] ''C. tetani'' kalebu bakteri Gram positif, [[anaerob obligat]], bisa mbentuk spora, lan bentukke ''drumstick''.<ref name=bren>Brennen U. 2008. Clostridium tetani. [terhubung berkala] http://bioweb.uwlax.edu/bio203/s2008/unrein_bren/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231014112020/http://bioweb.uwlax.edu/bio203/s2008/unrein_bren/ |date=2023-10-14 }} [12 Mèi 2010].</ref> Spora kang diwangun déning''C. tetani'' iki [[resisten]] banget tumrap [[panas]] lan [[antisèptik]].<ref name=brock>Madigan MT, Martinko JM. 2006. Brock Biology of Microorganisms 11th ed. New Jersey: Pearson Education.Hal. 233-245</ref> Dhèwèké bisa tahan sanajan wis [[diautoklaf]] (121⁰C, 10-15 menit) lan uga resisten tumrap[[fenol]] lan agen kimia liyané.<ref name=brock/> Bakteri ''Clostridium tetani'' iki akèh tinemu ing [[lemah]], [[rusohan]] manungsa lan kéwan ingon lan ing laladan [[pertanian]].<ref name=kle/><ref name=cd>[CDC]. 2002. Clostridium tetani (tetanus). [terhubung berkala] http://microbes.historique.net/tetani.html [13 Mèi 2010].</ref> Umumme, spora bakteri iki didistribusi ing lemah lan saluran penceranaan sarta [[feses]] saka [[jaran]], domba, asu, kucing, tikus, babi, lan pitik.<ref name=brock/> Nalika bakteri mau ana ing di jero awak, dhewee bakal ngasilaké [[neurotoksin]] (sejenis protéin kang gawene minangka racun kang nyerang pérangan sistem saraf).<ref name=kle/> ''C. tetani'' ngasilaké rong [[eksotoksin]], ya iku [[tetanolysin]] lan [[tetanospasmin]].<ref name=cdc>[CDC]. 2008. Tetanus. [terhubung berkala] http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pubs/pinkbook/downloads/tetanus.pdf [31 Mèi 2008].</ref> Fungsi saka tetanoysin ora dingerteni kanthi jelas, nanging uga bisa mrabawani tetanus.<ref name=kle/> Tetanospasmin minangka toksin kang lumayan kuat.<ref name=cdc/> == Cathetan suku == {{reflist}} == Pranala njaba == {{commons|Tetanus}} * [http://medicastore.com/index.php?mod=penyakit&id=91 ''Tetanus - medicastore.com''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091021142557/http://medicastore.com/index.php?mod=penyakit&id=91 |date=2009-10-21 }} * [http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000615.htm Tetanus di Medline Plus] * [http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5203a1.htm Tetanus Surveillance -- United States, 1998-2000 (Data and Analysis)] * [http://www.tetanussymptoms.net Tetanus Symptoms] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130719192803/http://tetanussymptoms.net/ |date=2013-07-19 }} === Media === * [http://www.neurology.org/cgi/content/full/70/18/e70/DC1 Video: Generalized tetanus pada wanita 70 tahun (Neurology)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100504173649/http://www.neurology.org/cgi/content/full/70/18/e70/DC1 |date=2010-05-04 }} * [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fh7rJh3oTCk&amp;feature=related Video: Tetanus pada dogs] [[Kategori:Penyakit bakterial]] bxksr7nzhkjhjg2uhl450d47gid1qgz 0 76469 1752178 1622004 2026-08-03T14:45:51Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1752178 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox Gendéra | Name=Azerbaijan | Image=Flag of Azerbaijan.svg |Nickname= | Design= | Symbol= kemajuan lan agama Islam | Proportion= Rasio gendéra 2:3 | Adoption= 5 [[Fèbruari]] [[1991]] }} '''Gendéra [[Azerbaijan]]''' iku dianggo déning [[papréntahan]] wiwit tanggal 5 [[Fèbruari]] [[1991]]. Gendéra Azerbaijan kapérang saka [[telu]] [[garis]] [[warna]] horisontal, [[biru]], [[abang]], lan [[ijo]]. Ing tengah-tengah gendéra kagambar wujud [[Mbulan Sabit]] [[putih]] lan [[bintang]] [[segiwolu]] ([[Rub El Hizb]]). Werna biru nglambangaké [[bangsa]] [[Turki]], warna ijo kanggo nglambangaké kakutan [[agama]] [[Islam]], lan warna abang kanggo pakembangan lan kemajuan. == Disain == <center> {| width="60%" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px solid #aaaaaa; border-collapse: collapse; white-space: nowrap; text-align: left" |-style="text-align: center; background: #EEEEEE" ! Wujud Werna ! style="background-color:#0097c3; color:#FFFFFF"|Biru ! style="background-color:#e00034; color:#FFFFFF"|Abang ! style="background-color:#00ae65; color:#FFFFFF"|Ijo |- | [[Pantone]] | 313 C | 185 C | 3405 C |- | [[RGB]] <ref name="pantone.com">{{vcite web |url=http://www.pantone.com/pages/pantone/colorfinder.aspx |title=Pantone Color Picker |accessdate=2009-12-09 |home=Find a PANTONE color |publisher=Pantone LLC |archivedate=2015-09-10 |archiveurl=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20150910082906/http://www.pantone.com/pages/pantone/colorfinder.aspx }}</ref> | 0-151-195 (#0097c3) | 224-0-52 (#e00034) | 0-174-101 (#00ae65) |} </center> == Uga delengen == * [[Lambang Azerbaijan]] == Cathetan suku == {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Azerbaijan, Gendéra nasional}} [[Kategori:Gendéra]] [[Kategori:Gendéra nasional]] [[Kategori:Simbol nasional Azerbaijan]] {{Gendéra-stub}} t5ut4ayy07ddyfvt239epybxhcb906p 0 88965 1752223 1729668 2026-08-04T04:59:11Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1752223 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kotakinfo perguruantinggi |nama=Universitas Terbuka |logo= |taun=1984 |jinis=Universitas Negeri |motto=Membuka Akses Wiyata Tinggi untuk Semua |rektor=Prof. Drs. Ojat Darojat, M.Bus., Ph,D. |lokasi=Jalan Cabe Raya, Pondok Cabe, Pamulang, [[Tangerang Selatan]] 15418, [[Banten]], [[Indonésia]] |mahasiswa=396.955 (aktif - 14 Dhésèmber 2015) |situs=http://www.ut.ac.id}} '''Universitas Terbuka''' yaiku Perguruan Tinggi Negeri (PTN) kaping 45 ing [[Indonésia]] kang nerapaké sistem pasinaon kanti ''terbuka'' lan jarak adoh. Sistem pasinaon iki kabukti ''efektif'' kanggo ngundhakaké daya jangkau lan pamaratan kalodhangan pendhidhikan dhuwur kang duwèni kualitas tumrap sekabèhing warga nagara Indonésia, kalebu wong-wong kang manggon ana ing laladan-laladan kapencil, yaiku ing sekabèhing nuswantara lan ing sakubenging sigaring dunya. == Sistem Terbuka & ''Fleksibel'' == Pangembangan ngèlmu kawruh lan ''tèknologi'' kang sansaya rikat, nuntut kita supaya terus ngundhakaké potensi sumber daya manungsa (SDM) kang nunjang produktivitas. Nanging, kawinatesan papan panggonan lan wektu dadi kendala utama tumrap wong akèh nalika ngembangaké diri. Wiwit diresmèkaké taun [[1984]], UT éntuk mandhat saka pamaréntah kanggo mènèhi kalodhanga marang sekabèhing warga nagara Indonésia, yaiku kang lagi lulus SLTA utawa kang wis nyambut gawé saperlu mèlu pendhidhikan dhuwur tanpa deleng latar wuri [[sosial]], [[ékonomi]], umur, lan papan panggoan. Sistem pasinaonan UT bisa waé nerapaké pasinaonan kang asipat ''fleksibel'' marang kabèh wong kang ora éntuk kalodhangan kanggo mèlu sistem pendhidhikan dhuwur kanthi ketemu langsung. Tanpa ndeleng kaanan ''mahasiswa'', sistem pasinaonan terbuka lan jarak adoh kang diterapaké UT nulungi panggayuhan ancas pasinaon amarga: * ora ana piwatesan wektu anggoné ngrampungaké pasinaonan lan ora mbutuhaké sistem drop out; * ora ana piwatesan taun kelulusan ijazah SLTA lan umur; * wektu pandaftaran (registrasi) sadawaning taun; * ruwang, wektu, lan panggona pasinaon kang ''fleksibel'' manut kaanan mahasiswa; * panggunaan materi snanu [[multimedia]], kalebu bahan pasinaon cetak yaiku kang dipirantèni kanthi kaset audio lan video/CD, CD-ROM, giyaran radhio lan TV, utawa bahan pasinaon mawa basis [[komputer]] lan [[internet]]. Kanthi cacah mahasiswa aktif kang punjul 460.000, UT kagolong “The Top Ten Mega University of the World”, salah siji anggota lan pangadeg “The Global Mega-University Network (GMUNET). GMUNET diadegaké taun 2003 minangka jaringan universitas terbuka sakubenging dunya kanthi cacah mahasiswa kang kadaftar punjul 100.000 wong. == Panjaminan Kualitas == UT wis éntuk [[akréditasi]], yaiku ''Akreditasi Nasional lan Internasional''. Sacara internasional, UT wis éntuk Akréditasi Internasional lan Sertifikasi Kualitas saka ''the International Council for Open and Distance Education (ICDE) Standard Agency (ISA)'', lan UT wis éntuk ISO lan SGS 9001:2000 ing pirang-pirang babagan saka Badan Sertifikasi SAI Global lan SGS. Saliyané iku, akèh-akèhé program studi ing UT wis éntuk akréditasi saka Badan Akreditasi Nasional Perguruan TInggi (BAN-PT). == Program-program Akademik == UT duwé 4 fakultas lan siji Program Pascasarjana kang nawakake punjul 30 program studi yaiku Program Magister (S2), Program Sarjana (S1), Program Diploma (D1, D2, D3, dan D4), lan Program Sertifikat. Patang fakultas mau yaiku: * Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Wiyata * Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Pulitik * Fakultas Ékonomi * Fakultas Matematika dan Widya Alam == Sistem Registrasi Fleksibel == Sistem registrasi UT prasaja. Manawa dadi mahasiswa UT, calon mahasiswa cukup: * tuku berkas registrasi pisanan ing kantor Unit Program Belajar Jarak Jauh Universitas Terbuka (UPBJJ-UT) paling cedhak; * ngisi formulir registrasi; * mbayar SPP ing Bank kang ditunjuk kanthi migunakaké Tanda Bukti Setor UT (TBS-UT); * mbalekake formulir registrasi lan berkas persyaratan (kalebu TBS-UT) ing UPBJJ-UT <ref name="UPBJJ-UT">{{Cite web |url=http://www.ut.ac.id/upbjj-ut/alamat-upbjj-ut.html |title=Unit Program Belajar Jarak Jauh - Universitas Terbuka |access-date=2012-07-16 |archive-date=2012-04-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120422040438/http://www.ut.ac.id/upbjj-ut/alamat-upbjj-ut.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> pling cedhak kanthi menehake dhéwé utawa dikirim lumantar pos. Upaya nggampangake mahasiswa, UT lagi ngrampungaké aplikasi registrasi kanthi online lumantar www.ut.ac.id. == Bahan Ajar == Ing ''era globalisasi'', sistem pasinanon terbuka lan jarak adoh minangka sistem pasinaon kang efektif, fleksibel, lan nguntungake. Pasinaon bisa ditindakake ing ngendia waé lan kapan waé. Bahan ajar cetak (modul) minangka bahan ajar utama kang didésain supaya bisa digunakaké kanthi swatantra tanpa pitulungan tutor. Modul-modul kang ana uga wis dipepaki kanthi bahan ajar non-cetak kaya ta kaset audio video, CD, giyaran radhio lan télévisi, sarta bahan ajar mawa basis komputer lan internet (CAI lan Web-Supplement). UT njamin bahan ajar lan bahan ujian kang duwé kualitas. Bahan ajar lan bahan ujian UT dikembangake déning para panulis kang ahli ing babagané kang minangka dhosèn-dhosèn saka pawiyatan luhur misuwur ing Indonésia. Kualitas bahan ajar UT wis kaloka déning masarakat lan kabukti akèh digunakaké déning pawiyatan luhur liyané ing Indonésia. Bahan ajar UT bisa dituku déning mahasiswa UT dhéwé lan masarakat umum lumantar koperasi Karunika UT Pusat ing Jakarta. Saliyané iku, bahan ajar uga bisa dipesen kanthi online lumantar koperasi Karunika kanthi alamat http://www.tbo.karunika.co.id {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120719012245/http://www.tbo.karunika.co.id/ |date=2012-07-19 }}. == Layanan Bantuan Belajar == Layanan pitulungan pasinaon kapérang dadi 2 yaiku layanan akademik lan administrasi. == Layanan Akademik == Layanan akademik ditindakake lumantar kagiyatan tutorial. Ana rong jinis layanan tutorial yaiku: tutorial kanthi langsung lan tutorial jarak adoh lumantar [[radhio]], télévisi, lan internet. Saliyané iku, bimbingan praktik uga dicepakake kanggo mata kuliah kang mbutuhake praktik. Kagiatan tutorial lan bimbingan praktik ditindakake déning para tutor kang duwé kualitas apik, yaiku kang asalé saka pawiyatan luhur nagari lan swasta lan saka UT dhéwé. Kanggo mata kuliah tartemtu, lumrahé uga nekakake narasumber kang diundhang saka para pelaku bisnis, indhustri, lan sèktor liyané kang relevan. == Layanan Adminstrasi == Pelayanan administrasi difokusake ing pawenehan pitulung marang mahasiswa ing registrasi, éntuk bahan ajar, alih kredit, lan liya-liyané kang bisa mrabawani prosès pasinaon mahasiswa. == Evaluasi Asil Pasinaon == Evaluasi asil pasinaonan mahasiswa dhedhasar marang Tugas lan Partisipasi Tutorial, Praktik/Praktikum, lan Ujian Akhir Semester (UAS). Komponèn-komponèn mau bisa nuduhaké panggayuhan prèstasi pasinaonan lan mènèhi kontribusi ing biji pungkasan semester mahasiswa. UT nganakake ujian pungkasan saben pungkasaning semester utawa setahun kaping pindho. Ujian pungkasan dianakake kanthi katulis lan ditindakake kanth bebarengan ing sakubenging nuswantara. Mahasiswa kang jupuk program sarjana (S1) diwajibake nempuh Tugas Akhir Program (TAP) sawisé mepaki persyaratan tartemtu. Mahasiswa kang jupuk program Pascasarjana (S2) diwajibake nyusun tugas pungkasan program magister (tesis) lan ujian lésan. Biji asil ujian dibiwara lumantar website UT, lan lumantar UPBJJ-UT (Pratélan Aji Ujian/DNU). == Alih Kredit == Mahasiswa UT bisa ngajokake alih kredit kanggo mata kuliah kang wis tau dijupuk saka pawiyatan luhur liyané kang terakreditasi. Informasi ngenani prosedur lan formulir permohonan alih kredit bisa diolihake saka UPBJJ-UT utawa website UT. == Jaringan Kerja == UT duwé kantor Regional cacah 37 UPBJJ-UT<ref name="UPBJJ-UT"/> kang sumebar ing 33 provinsi sakubenging Indonésia. Kanggo njurung kagiyatan operasional, saben UPBJJ-UT<ref name="UPBJJ-UT"/> njalin kerjasama karo pirang-pirang institusi, mligi karo: * PTN/PTS sapanggonan, mligi ing cawisan tutor, pembimbing praktik/praktikum, lan pengawas ujian; * Pamaréntah laladan sapanggonan, yaiku nalika nganakake tutorial, ujian, lan nalika golèk beasiswa tumrap mahasiswa UT; lan * Stasiun radhio lan TV sapanggonan kanggo nyiarake tutorial utawa informasi kagiyatan akademik. Tutorial kang digiyarake kanthi rutin lumantar stasiun RRI. Ing tingkat punjer, UT uga wis suwé kerjasama karo: * * RRI kanggo nindakaké tutorial lumantar radhio; * BRI lan BTN kanggo nampa setoran dhuwit kuliah lan dhuwit panukonan bahan ajar; * PT Pos Indonésia kanggo ndistribusekake bahan ajar, dhokumèn ujian, lan bahan pandukung liyané. == Jaringan Kerjasama == Saliyané iku, sapérangan institusi wis njalin kerjasama karo UT saperlu ningktake kualitas SDM. Sapérangan institusi mau yaiku: Departemen Wiyata Nasional, Departemen Dalam Negeri, TNI Angkatan Laut, Departemen Pertahanan dan Keamanan, Departemen Pertanian, Bank Nagara Indonésia (BNI), Bank Rakyat Indonésia (BRI), Garuda Indonésia, Merpati Nusantara, PT Pos Indonésia, Badan Pusat Statistik, PT Indosat, PT Tugu Pratama, Badan Koordinasi Keluarga Berencana Nasional (BKKBN), Pusat pendidikan AL-Zaytun, Bank Tabungan Nagara (BTN), ANRI, BKN, STEKPI, PT Jakarta Software Komunikasi, lan sakabehing Dinas Pendidikan Provinsi, Kabupatèn lan Kutha sa-Indonésia. UT uga menjalin kerjasama karo pirang-pirang organisasi internasional kaya ta: SEAMEO (South-East Asian Ministers of Education Organization), UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization), lan SEAMOLEC (SEAMEO Regional Open Learning Center) saperlu ngrembakakake pendhidhikan jarak adoh, World Bank ing I’M HERE Project, DBE-USAID, lan OSAKA GAS Foundation. UT yaiku anggota pangadeg sapérangan organisasi internasional babagan pendhidhikan ''terbuka'' lan jarak adoh kaya ta Asian Association of Open University (AAOU), the Southeast Asian Ministers of Education Organization Regional Open Learning Centre (SEAME-SEAMOLEC), lan Global Mega-University Network (GMUNET). UT uga anggota aktif saka International Council for Open and Distance Education (ICDE). == Fakultas-Fakultas ing Universitas Terbuka == UT duwé 4 fakultas lan 1 program pascasarjana kang nawakake punjul 30 program studi kanthi jenjang kang manéka warna yaiku: Program Magister, Program Sarjana/S1, Program Diploma(D1, D2, D3 lan D4), lan Sertifikat. === Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Wiyata [http://fkip.ut.ac.id (FKIP)]{{Pranala mati|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} === '''Program Sarjana Strata 1 (S1)''' * Wiyata Basa dan Sastra Indonésia * Wiyata Basa Inggris * Wiyata Biologi * Wiyata Fisika * Wiyata Kimia * Wiyata Matematika * Wiyata Ékonomi * Wiyata Pancasila dan Kewarganagaraan * Wiyata Guru Sekolah Dasar(PGSD) * Wiyata Guru Wiyata Anak Usia Dini(PGPAUD) '''Program Sertifikat''' * Basa Indonésia kanggo Panutur Asing (BIPA)<ref name="nonwni">Kabukak kanggo non-WNI</ref> * Administrasi Papréntahan Laladan<ref name="mirunggan">Kabukak kanggo UPBJJ-UT tartemtu, Kontak FKIP-UT manawa golèk katerangan luwih pepak</ref> === Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Pulitik [http://fisip.ut.ac.id (FISIP)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115132800/http://www.fisip.ut.ac.id/ |date=2013-01-15 }} === '''Program Sarjana Strata 1 (S1)''' * Administrasi Nagara * Administrasi Niaga * Ilmu Papréntahan * Ilmu Komunikasi * Sosiologi * Sastra Inggris Babagan Minat Penerjemahan '''Program Diploma 4 (D4)''' * Kearsipan '''Program Diploma 3 (D3)''' * Perpajakan '''Program Diploma 2 (D2)''' * Kapustakan === Fakultas Ékonomi [http://fekon.ut.ac.id (FEKON)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120723030557/http://www.fekon.ut.ac.id/ |date=2012-07-23 }} === '''Program Sarjana Strata 1 (S1)''' * Ékonomi Pangyasa * Managemen * Akuntansi === Fakultas Matematika dan Widya Alam [http://fmipa.ut.ac.id (FMIPA)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130130224034/http://www.fmipa.ut.ac.id/ |date=2013-01-30 }} === '''Program Sarjana Strata 1 (S1)''' * Matematika * Statistika * Biologi * Agribisnis Babagan Minat Penyuluhan dan Komunikasi Pertanian/Peternakan/Perikanan * Ilmu dan Teknologi Pangan '''Program Diploma 1 (D1)''' * Pengolahan Lingkungan === Program Pascasarjana [http://pasca.ut.ac.id (Pasca)]{{Pranala mati|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} === '''Program Magister(S2)''' * Ilmu Administrasi Babagan Minat Administrasi Publik * Manajemen * Ilmu Kelautan Babagan Minat Manajemen Perikanan * Wiyata Matematika == Jasa Pamanfaatan Fasilitas == '''Fasilitas Pangolahan Data''' Wiwit ngadege taun 1984, Pusat Komputer (Puskom) UT wis nindakaké pangolahan data mawa komputerisasi. UT duwé fasilitas hardware lan software wujud aplikasi program komputer kang dikembangake manut kabutuhan kang spesifik. '''Fasilitas Panyiapan, Pergudangan, lan Pendistribusian Bahan Cetak''' UT duwé tenaga trampil lan piranti mutakhir ing desktop publishing kang bisa mènèhi layanan ing panyiapan bahan cetak. Saliyané nyepakake bahan cetak, UT uga wis pengalaman ndistribusekake bahan cetak ing sekabehing kabupatèn/kutha ing Provinsi Sumatera, Jawa, Bali, lan Nusa Tenggara Barat. '''Fasilitas Produksi Multi Media''' UT duwé fasilitas lan sumber daya kang mumpuni. Para personele wis mèlu pendhidhikan lan gladhen ing babagan pangembangan lan produksi program audiovisual ing nagari utawa luar nagari. Saliyané iku, lembaga iki dijurung déning nimpuna saka sapérangan disiplin ngèlmu. Kanthi panjurung tenaga profésional mau, kualitas produksi Bahan Ajar Non Cetak wis banget dipercaya. Sapérangan institusi pamaréntah lan swasta wis dimanfaatake PPBANC kanggo sapérangan kabutuhan kaya ta mroduksi materi pelatihan, company profile, promosi, lan bahan pembelajaran kanthi wujud video, audiotape, audiografis, slide, utawa VCD. '''Fasilitas Penunjang''' UT nyepakake fasilitas ruwang patemonan, seminar, workshop, lan Balai Sidang UT sarta panginepan kang bisa nampung 3.000 wong. Fasilitas-fasilitas mau ing antarané: * Wisma I, II, lan III kanthi 106 kamar. * Sarana ulah raga: Jogging Track, Tenis, Futsal, Basket lan Fitness center. * Balai Sidang UT. == Jasa Pangembangan Sumber Daya Manusia == Anane kabutuhan pangembangan Sumber Daya Manusia (SDM) manut marang ngrembakane ngèlmu kawruh lan teknologi. Pendhidhikan yaiku wahana paling wigati sajeroning pangembangan SDM. Nganti seprene fasilitas pendhidhikan luwih dikonsentrasekake kanggo nyukupi kabutuhan pambangunan ing kutha-kutha gedhé. UT yaiku siji-sijiné pawiyatan luhur kang bisa njangko masarakat, ora mung ing kutha gedhé nanging uga ing kutha-kutha cilik, maah nganti tekan laladan plosok. UT bisa nglayani kabutuhan masarakat kanthi luwih jembar lumantar program-program iki: '''Peningkatan Kualitas''' * Administrasi Nagara * Administrasi Niaga * Ilmu Papréntahan * Ilmu Komunikasi * Perpajakan * Pelayanan Basa * Manajemen, Akuntansi * Ékonomi dan Studi Pangyasa * Statistika, Matematika, IPA * Teknologi Pangan * Penyuluhan Pertanian '''Wiyata dan Pelatihan (Diklat) tumrap Pangelola lan Instruktur Diklat, kapérang saka:''' * Pelatihan Analisis Kebutuhan * Panyusunan Perencanaan Diklat * Pangembangan Bahan Diklat, ing médhia cetak utawa elektronik (kaset audio, video, slide, CD-ROM, lan liya-liyané.) * Penyelenggaraan Diklat, kanthi langsung utawa jarak adoh * Evaluasi Program Diklat Penyuluhan marang Masarakat * Analisis kebutuhan jinis penyuluhan * Pangembangan lan produksi médhia panyuluhan sajeroning médhia cetak utawa elektronik (kaset audio, video, slide, CDROM, lan liya-liyané.) * Pelatihan tenaga penyuluh '''Strategi Komunikasi, kapérang saka:''' * Teknik Berbicara di Depan Umum * Jasa Kehumasan * Komunikasi Organisasi Pelatihan Operator dan Programer '''Komputer,kapérang saka:''' * Word Processing * Database * Web Design * Publishing * Komputerisasi Data Kapustakan '''Pengembangan Kewirausahaan, kapérang saka:''' * Manajemen * Supervisi Jasa * Potensi Ékonomi Laladan == Jasa Penelitian & Pengembangan == Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masarakat UT (LPPM-UT) kang ngisori telung punjer, yaiku Pusat Penelitian, Pusat Pengabdian kepada Masarakat (PPM), lan Pusat Antar Universitas Peningkatan dan Pengembangan Instruksional (PAU-PPI). == Pranala njaba == * [http://www.ut.ac.id/ Situs Resmi Universitas Terbuka] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190516202226/https://www.ut.ac.id/ |date=2019-05-16 }} * [https://kip-kuliah.org Situs kip kuliah] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230822210250/https://kip-kuliah.org/ |date=2023-08-22 }} <references/> {{Reflist}} {{PTN ing Indonésia}} [[Kategori:Pawiyatan luhur nagari ing Indonésia|Terbuka]] {{indo-perti-stub}} nm9hh8hn2fk821zu8ok65rlh1tgf9ja 0 92661 1752171 1640336 2026-08-03T12:13:37Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1752171 wikitext text/x-wiki {{artikel ing krama}} {{Infobox Monarch | name = Octavianus Augustus | title = [[Kaisar Romawi|Kaisar]] angka 1 saking [[Kamaharajan Romawi]] | image = [[Gambar:Statue-Augustus.jpg|thumb|200px|center]] | caption = Patung ingkkang misuwur minangka [[Augustus saka Prima Porta|Augustus saking Prima Porta]], abad angka 1 | reign = 16 Januari 27 SM&nbsp;– 19 Agustus 14 M | predecessor = Boten wonten ([[Kamaharajan Romawi|Kamaharajan]] madeg) | successor = [[Tiberius]] | spouse = [[Clodia Pulchra]] (42 SM-40 SM)<br />[[Scribonia]] (40 SM-38 SM)<br />[[Livia|Livia Drusilla]] (37 SM-14 M) | issue = [[Julia the Elder]]<br />[[Gaius Caesar]] (adoptif)<br />[[Lucius Caesar]] (adoptif)<br />[[Agrippa Postumus]] (adoptif)<br />[[Tiberius]] (adoptif) | house = [[Dinasti Julio-Claudian]] | full name = Imperator Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus Divi Filius Augustus | father = [[Gaius Octavius]] | mother = [[Atia Balba Caesonia]] | birth_date = 23 September 63 SM | birth_place = [[Roma]], [[Republik Romawi]] | death_date = 19 Agustus 14 M (umur 75) | death_place = [[Nola]], [[Itali (Kamaharajan Romawi)|Itali]], [[Kamaharajan Romawi]] | date of burial = | place of burial = [[Musoleum Augustus]], [[Roma]] }} '''Octavianus''' nama jangkepipun '''Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus''' ([[23 September]] [[63 SM]]–[[19 Agustus]] [[14]]), kanthi gelar '''Kaisar Oktavianus Augustus''' utawi '''Kaisar Augustus''' ([[basa Latin]]: '''Imperator Caesar Divi Filivs Avgvtvs'''), punika Kaisar [[Romawi]] sepindhah lan salah satunggalipun ingkang paling gadhah prabawa. Panjenenganipun mungkasi perang sadhèrèk ingkang kedangon lan nyiptaaken katentreman, kasejahteraan, lan kaéndahan ing [[Romawi|Kakaisaran Romawi]], ingkang dipunkenal kanthi sebutan ''[[Pax Romana]]'' utawi katentreman [[Romawi]]. Panjenenganipun palakrami kaliyan [[Livia Drusilla]] lan langgeng dumugi langkung saking 51 warsa. Sasampunipun séda, [[Tiberius]] ingkkang nggantos dados [[kaisar Romawi]]. Ing jaman pamaréntahanipun, [[Yesus]] [[Kristus]] miyos ing [[Betlehem]], [[Provinsi Iudaea]]<ref>{{Ayat|Lukas|2|1-7}}</ref> lan gesang wonten ing [[Nazareth]], [[Galilea|Provinsi Galilea]].<ref>{{Ayat|Lukas|2|39-40}}</ref> == Réferènsi == {{reflist}} == Pranala njawi == {{commons|Augustus}} {{Commons category|Augustus}} * [http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Augustus/Res_Gestae/home.html The Res Gestae Divi Augusti], naskah basa [[basa Latin|Latin]] lan [[basa Yunani|Yunani]] kanthi pertalan [[basa Inggris|Inggris]] * [http://www.usask.ca/antharch/cnea/DeptTransls/ResGest.html Selections from the Res Gestae] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021019104632/http://www.usask.ca/antharch/cnea/DeptTransls/ResGest.html |date=2002-10-19 }}, vèrsi naskah pertalan ing [[basa Inggris]] sanèsipun * [http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Suetonius/12Caesars/Augustus*.html Biografi Augustus déning Suetonius], naskah [[basa Latin]] kanthi pertalan [[basa Inggris|Inggris]] * [http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Cassius_Dio/home.html#45 Cassius Dio's Roman History: Books 45‑56], pertalan kanthi [[basa Inggris]]. * [http://www.csun.edu/~hcfll004/nicolaus.html Kagesangan Augustus] déning ''Nicolaus of Damascus'' * [http://www.roman-emperors.org/auggie.htm De Imperatoribus Romanis] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170927115017/http://www.roman-emperors.org/auggie.htm |date=2017-09-27 }} * [http://www.historyguide.org/ancient/lecture12b.html Kaisar Augustus lan Pax Romana] * [http://janusquirinus.org/Octavian/OctavianHome.html Octavian (Augustus)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070912095555/http://janusquirinus.org/Octavian/OctavianHome.html |date=2007-09-12 }} * [http://www.jerryfielden.com/essays/augustus.htm Augustus lan Militer Romawi] {{Kaisar Romawi}} [[Kategori:Romawi Kuna]] [[Kategori:Kaisar Romawi|A]] [[Kategori:Lair 63 SM]] [[Kategori:Pati 14]] [[Kategori:100 Tokoh miturut Michael H. Hart]] [[Kategori:Artikel mawa basa krama]] {{bio-stub}} 0xg73ebnmmiamg94kcuwppvysgmhr7a 0 95960 1752195 1752094 2026-08-03T22:43:19Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1752195 wikitext text/x-wiki {{rapèkaké}} [[Gambar:Pt pupuk sriwijadja.jpg|thumb|240px]] {{for|perusahaan kang dahulu bernama PT Pupuk Sriwidjaja (Persero)|Pupuk Indonésia}} {{Kotak info perusahaan | company_name = PT Pupuk Sriwidjaja Palembang | company_logo = [[Berkas:Pusri.jpeg‎|center|150px]] | company_type = | foundation = [[12 November]] [[2010]] | location = [[Palembang]], [[Indonésia]] | key_people = Parikesit Suprapto, PhD , Komisaris {{br}}Edy Putra Irawady, SH , Direktur Utama |Ir. Arifin Tasrif | industry = [[Urea]] dan [[Amoniak]] | products = {{br}}Urea{{br}} Amoniak | revenue = | operating_income = | net_income = | num_employees = (organik){{br}} (non-organik) | parent = [[PT Pupuk Indonésia]] | subsid = {{br}}PT Sri Melamin Rejeki {{br}}PT Puspetindo | homepage = http://www.pusri.co.id/ | footnotes = }} '''PT Pupuk Sriwidjaja Palembang''', kang kondhang minangka PT Pusri, wujud anak perusahaan saka [[PT Pupuk Indonésia]] (Persero)<ref name="anak perusahaan pihc">{{Cite web |url=http://pupuk-indonesia.com/id/kepemilikan-saham |title=Anak Perusahaan PT Pupuk Indonésia |access-date=2013-01-14 |archive-date=2013-01-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115064736/http://pupuk-indonesia.com/id/kepemilikan-saham |url-status=dead }}</ref> kang bergerak ing babagan [[produksi]] lan [[pemasaran]] [[pupuk]]. == Sajarah == ==== Pupuk Sriwidjaja minangka Induk Pupuk Indonésia ==== Nalika taun 1997, Pusri ditunjuk minangka perusahaan induk membawahi papat BUMN kang bergerak ing babagan indhustri pupuk lan petrokimia, ya iku PT Petrokimia Gresik ing [[Gresik]], [[Jawa Timur]]; PT Pupuk Kujang ing [[Cikampek]], [[Jawa Barat]]; PT Pupuk Kaltim ing [[Bontang]], [[Kalimantan Timur]]; lan PT Pupuk Iskandar Muda ing [[Lhokseumawe]], [[Acèh]]; sarta BUMN kang bergerak ing babagan engineering, procurement & construction (EPC), ya iku PT Rekayasa Industri (kantore pusat ing Jakarta). Nalika taun 1998, anak perusahaan Pusri bertambah siji BUMN manhe, ya iku PT Mega Eltra ing Jakarta kang bergerak ing babagan perdagangan. awit Pamaréntah Indonésia mindahake sekabehane sahamnya kang dipanggonake ing Industri Pupuk Dalam Negeri lan ing PT Mega Eltra marang PUSRI, liwat Peraturan Pamaréntah (PP) nomer 28 taun 1997 lan PP nomer 34 taun 1998, mangka PUSRI, kang berkedudukan ing Palembang, Sumatera Selatan, dadi Induk Perusahaan (Operating Holding) kanti membawahi 6 (enam) anak perusahaan kalebu anak perusahaan penyertaan langsung ya iku PT Rekayasa Industri, masing-masing perusahaan bergerak sajrone babagan usaha: * PT Petrokimia Gresik kang berkedudukan ing Gresik, Jawa Timur. Produksi lan masarake pupuk urea, ZA, SP-36/SP-18, [[Phonska]], DAP, NPK, ZK, lan indhustri kimia lliyane sarta Pupuk Organik. * PT Pupuk Kujang, kang berkedudukan ing Cikampek, Jawa Barat. Memproduksi lan masarake pupuk urea lan indhustri kimia liyané. * PT Pupuk Kalimantan Timur, kang kedudukane ing Bontang, Kalimantan Timur. Produksi lan masarake pupuk urea lan indhustri kimia liyané. * PT Pupuk Iskandar Muda, kang kedudukane ing Lhokseumawe, Nangroe Acèh Darussalam. Produksi an masarake pupuk Urea lan indhustri kimia liyané. * PT Rekayasa Industri, kang kedudukane ing Jakarta, Bergerak sajrone penyediaan Jasa Engineering, Procurement & Construction (EPC) guna yasa indhustri gas & lenga bumi, pupuk, kimia dan petrokimia, pertambangan, pembangkit listrik (panas bumi, batu bara, micro-hydro, diesel). * PT Mega Eltra, kang kedudukane ing Jakarta kanti babagan usaha mligi ya iku Perdagangan Umum. === Periode Pupuk Sriwidjaja Palembang === Nalika taun [[2010]], dilakokake pemisahan ('''Spin-Off''') saka PT. Pupuk Sriwidjaja (Persero) (Pusri) marang PT. Pupuk Sriwidjaja Palembang (Pusri Palembang)<ref>[http://www.republika.co.id/berita/breaking-news/ekonomi/11/01/02/155887-pusri-resmi-jadi-holding-bumn-pupuk Pusri resmi jadi holding bumn pupuk]</ref>. Owah-owahan iki terutang sajrone owah-owahan anggaran dhasar<ref name="sajarah pusri">{{Cite web |url=http://www.pusri.co.id/50profil01.php |title=Sejarah Pusri |access-date=2013-01-14 |archive-date=2012-07-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120710060935/http://www.pusri.co.id/50profil01.php |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Pengalihan hak lan kewajiban Pusri marang Pusri Palembang tertuang sajrone [[Rapat Umum Pemegang Saham]] - Luar Biyasa nalika [[24 Dhésèmber]] 2010<ref name="sajarah pusri" />. Serah tampa kalungguhan lan pengalihan hak lan kewajiban efektif nalika [[1 Januari]] 2011<ref name="sajarah pusri" />. Pusri Palembang tetep migunakaké logo lan merk dagang Pusri<ref name="sajarah pusri" />. Pusri dhéwé ganti jeneng dadi [[Pupuk Indonésia]] lan migunakaké merk Pupuk Indonésia lan logo Pupuk Indonésia<ref name="ganti nama dan logo ke pupuk indonesia">[http://www.pupuk-kujang.co.id/allmenu.php?idn=36&idd=166&PHPSESSID=d75250648bd1364e7d411e70d66d8ad9 Lauching Nama dan Logo Baru Holding Pupuk]{{Pranala mati|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>. == Anak Perusahaan == # PT Sri Melamin Rejeki<ref name="anak perusahaan pusri">{{Cite web |url=http://www.pusri.co.id/50profil10.php |title=Anak Perusahaan Pusri |access-date=2013-01-14 |archive-date=2013-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130111035224/http://www.pusri.co.id/50profil10.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> (20%)<ref name="anak perusahaan pusri 2">{{Cite web |url=http://www.pusri.co.id/index0300.php |title=Anak Perusahaan Pusri 2 |access-date=2013-01-14 |archive-date=2012-07-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120717073925/http://www.pusri.co.id/index0300.php |url-status=dead }}</ref>, kang bergerak sajrone produksi melamin. # [http://www.puspetindo.com PT Puspetindo]<ref name="anak perusahaan pusri" /> (5.3%)<ref name="anak perusahaan pusri 2" />, kang bergerak sajrone produksi peralatan pabrik. # [http://twinplazahotèl.co.id/ PT Slipi Sri Indopuri]{{Pranala mati|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=May 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|bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}<ref name="anak perusahaan pusri 2" />, kang bergerak sajrone hotèl lan apartemen. == Wewengkon Pemasaran == Surat Dudutan (SK) Menperindag No 70/MPP/Kep/2/2003 tanggal 11 Fèbruari 2003 wis mengatur manèh pola Pengadaan lan Penyaluran Pupuk Bersubsidi kanggo Sektor Pertanian, ya iku kanti pola rayonisasi distribusi pupuk kanggo produsen pupuk. Wewengkon Pemsaran Pupuk Sriwidjaja diduduhake kanti warna biru sarta anakan perusahaane. [[Gambar:Insetpemasaran02.jpg|center|500px]] == Prastawa wigati == # Pusri didegake nalika tanggal 24 Dhésèmber 1959 di Palembang, kanti kagiyatan usaha produksi pupuk urea. # nalika taun [[1963]] beroperasi pabrik pupuk urea pertama ya iku: ” PUSRI I ” kanti kapasitas terpasang 100.000 ton per taun. # Tahun [[1974]] dibangun pabrik pupuk Urea kapindho ya iku “ PUSRI II “ kanti kapasitas terpasang 380.000 ton pertahun (awit taun 1992 kapasitase ditingkatake / optimasi dadi 570.000 ton/taun). # Tahun [[1976]] dibangun pabrik pupuk Urea ketelu, ya iku “ PUSRI III ” kanti kapasitas terpasang 570.000 ton pertahun. # Tahun [[1977]] dibangun pabrik pupuk Urea kepapat, ya iku “ PUSRI IV ” kanti kapasitas terpasang 570.000 ton pertahun. # Tahun [[1979]], pamaréntah ngukuhaké PT.Pusri minangka perusahaan kang bertanggung jawab sajrone pengadaan lan penyaluran sekabehane jinis pupuk bersubsidi, baik kang berskala saka produksi sajrone nagari utawa import kanggo memenuhi kebutuhan program intensivikasi pertanian (Bimas lan Inmas). # Tahun [[1990]] dibangun pabrik pupuk Urea, ya iku “ PUSRI I B ” kanti kapasitas terpasang 570.000 ton pertahun minangka pengganti pabrik Puri I kang diendeg operasine amarga usia teknis lan wis ora efisien manèh. Pabrik iki wiwit produksi nalika taun 1994, wujud pabrik pertama kang digarap sapérangan besar déning ahli-ahli bangsa Indonésia, kang dibangun kanti konsèp hemat ènergi lan migunakaké sistem kendali komputer “Distributed Control System” # Tanggal [[12 November]] [[2010]], pemisahan PT Pupuk Sriwidjaja Palembang saka PT Pusri. == Struktur Kepemilikan Saham == * PT Pupuk Indonésia (99,99%)<ref name="anak perusahaan pusri" /> * Yayasan Kesejahteraan Karyawan Pusri (0,01%)<ref name="anak perusahaan pusri" /> [[Gambar:Strukturholding.jpg|center|600px]] == Cathetan sikil == {{reflist}} == Pranala njaba == * [http://www.pusri.co.id/ Situs Resmi PT. Pupuk Sriwidjaja Palembang] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130326054110/http://pusri.co.id/ |date=2013-03-26 }} [[Kategori:Kota Palembang]] [[Kategori:Perusahaan Indonésia]] [[Kategori:Pupuk]] 87t37lbbagfzyd5cmdmvtcuq1p94jla 0 96316 1752227 1751669 2026-08-04T05:25:25Z ~2026-42851-33 73910 | author = [[Kyoko Mizuki]] (carita)<br /> [[Yumiko Igarashi]] (ilustrasi) 1752227 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:Candy candy.jpg|thumb|250px]] {{Infobox animanga/Header | title_name = Candy Candy | image = Candy c.jpg | size = 200px | caption = Candice White | ja_name = キャンディ・キャンディ | ja_name_trans = | genre = [[roman]], [[sajarah]] }} {{Infobox animanga/Manga | title = | author = [[Kyoko Mizuki]] (carita)<br /> [[Yumiko Igarashi]] (ilustrasi) | publisher = {{flagicon|Japan}} [[Kodansha]], [[Chuokoronsha]] | demographic = [[Shōjo]] | serialized = {{flagicon|Japan}} [[Nakayoshi]] | first_run = April 1975 | last_run = Maret 1979 | num_volumes = 9 }} {{Infobox animanga/Anime | title = | director = [[Tetsuo Imazawa]] | studio = [[Toei Animation]] | network = {{flagicon|Jepang}} [[TV Asahi]] | network_other = {{flagicon|Prancis}} [[Antenne 2]]<br /> {{flagicon|Yunani}} [[Ellinikí Radiofonía Tileórasi|ERT]]<br /> {{flagicon|Dominican Republic}} [[Antena Latina]]<br /> {{flagicon|Spanyol}} [[RTVE]]<br /> {{flagicon|Itali}} [[Mediaset]]<br /> {{flagicon|Bolivia}} [[Bolivision]]<br /> {{flagicon|Indonesia}} [[RCTI]] (2 Mèi 1993-1996)<br /> {{flagicon|Filipina}} [[Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation|IBC-13]], [[Radio Philippines Network|RPN-9]], [[Southern Broadcasting Network|SBN-21]] | first_aired = [[1 Oktober]] [[1976]] | last_aired = [[2 Fèbruari]] [[1979]] | num_episodes = 115 }} {{Infobox animanga/Video | type = film | title = Candy Candy: The Call of Spring/The May Festival | director = [[Noboru Shiroyama]] | studio = Toei Animation | release_date = 18 Maret 1978 | runtime = }} {{Infobox animanga/Video | type = film | title = Candy Candy's Summer Vacation | director = [[Yukio Kazama]] | studio = Toei Animation | release_date = 22 Juli 1978 | runtime = }} {{Infobox animanga/Video | type = film | title = Candy Candy the Movie | director = [[Tetsuo Imazawa]] | studio = [[Toei Animation]] | release_date = [[25 April]] [[1992]] | runtime = 26 menit }} {{Infobox animanga/Footer}} {{nihongo|'''Candy Candy'''|キャンディ・キャンディ|Kyandi Kyandi}} ya iku [[manga]], [[novèl]] lan [[anime]] kang asalé saka [[Jepang]]. Paraga utama carita iki ya iku '''Candice "Candy" White Ardlay''', bocah wadon Amérika kanti rambut pirang lan ''ikal'' kanti rai ana bintik-bintike ireng amarga panas sengenge lan mata belok (gedhi) kanti wernane ijo. Candy Candy ana pertama kali minangka [[prosa]] novèl karangan penulis Jepang [[Kyoko Mizuki]] nalika wulan April [[1975]]. Mizuki banjur bekerja sama karo ilustrator manga [[Yumiko Igarashi]] kanggo gawé versi manga carita Candy Candy. Cerita manga iki narik perhatian kalawarta Jepang [[Nakayoshi]], kang sebanjure memuat serial manga Candy Candy minangka carita bersambung sak wene 4 taun (April 1975-Maret 1979). Serial manga iki kahasil menang penghargaan pertama [[Penghargaan Manga Kodansha]] kanggo kategori [[shōjo]] nalika taun [[1977]]. Cerita Candy candy banjur diadaptasi dadi serial anime déning [[Toei Animation]].<ref name="internet1">[http://www.monikatanu.com/blog/2007/07/ending-candy-candy/ Ending Komik Candy-candy] (Kaunduh 3/2/13).</ref> == Alur carita == Andhedhasar carita saka serial komik Candy Candy isi carita mligi ngungkapake kisah perjalanan urip lan katresnan Candy. Cinta pertama Candy yiku paraga kang jenenge Anthony Brown. Nanging serial Candy bakal dieling-eling déning meh kabèh ''fans''e minangka kisah cinta kang tragis antarané Candy lan cinta sajati lan sigaran jiwa Candy, '''Terrence "Terry" Grandchester'''. Saliyané iku ana paraga kang selalu karan-sebut minangka "Pangeran ing Bukit" ("Prince of the Hill"), pawongan enom misterius kang pernah kemu karo Candy ing bukit Pony, nalika Candy isih umur 6 taun lan manggon ing [[panti asuhan]] Rumah Pony. Identitas Pemuda iki akhire dingerteni ing halaman terakhir komik manga lan ing episode terakhir saka serial kartun animasi Candy candy. == Versi bajakan == Ana akèh versi bajakan saka manga lan serial anime Candy Candy sajrone ira-pira basa.{{cn}} Meh kabèh manga utawa kartun animasi kang ora kanti basa Jepang bisa dipastikake versi bajakan.{{cn}} Sanajan mangkono, serial anime Candy Candy pernah digiyaraké sedelok kanthi legal déning TV ing US lan Canada awal taun 80-an, sajrone basa Inggris lan Perancis. Versi basa Inggrise pernah uga nyebar ing pira-pira nagara Éropah, kayat Italia, Yunani, lan Spanyol. Kaloro versi serial anime iki pernah uga nyebar sithik-sithike sak edisi sajrone wujud kaset VHS ing pertengahan taun 80-an. Ing Hong Kong, "Little Candy Candy" pernah digiyaraké déning [[Television Broadcasts Limited|TVB]] nalika akir taun 70-an and awal taun 80-an. Episode Candy kang digiyaraké déning TVB iki banjur akèh nyebar ing Indonesia sajrone wujud kaset Video(BETA)sewaan.<ref name="test">[http://mangafox.me/manga/candy_candy/ CANDY CANDY Manga], (Kaunduh 3/2/13)</ref> = Pengisi suara == * [[Minori Matsushima]] minangka Candice White Ardlay * [[Makio Inoue]] minangka William Albert Ardlay * [[Kazuhiko Inoue]] minangka Anthony Brown * [[Kei Tomiyama]] minangka Terriuce Graham Grandchester * [[Kaneta Kimotsuki]] minangka Alistair Cornwell * [[Miyoko Aso]] minangka Mary Jane * [[Yuji Mitsuya]] minangka Archibald Cornwell * [[Mami Koyama]] minangka Annie Brighton * [[Chiyoko Kawashima]] minangka Patricia O'Brian * [[Taeko Nakanishi]] minangka Anii Jirarudo, Narrator * [[Yumi Nakatani]] minangka Eliza Leagan * [[Kiyoshi Komiyama]] minangka Neal Leagan == Musik == ;Lagu pembuka * {{nihongo|"Candy Candy"|キャンディ・キャンディ|Kyandi Kyandi}} ** Lirikis: {{nihongo|[[Keiko Nagita]]|名木田 恵子|Nagita Keiko}} ** Komponis: {{nihongo|[[Takeo Watanabe]]|渡辺 岳夫|Watanabe Takeo}} ** Aransemen: {{nihongo|[[Yushi Matsuyama]]|松山 祐士|Matsuyama Yūshi}} ** Penyanyi: {{nihongo|[[Mitsuko Horie]]|堀江 美都子|Horie Mitsuko}} dan [[The Chirps]] ;Lagu penutup * {{nihongo|"Ashita ga suki"|あしたがすき|}} ** Lirikis: Keiko Nagita ** Komponis: Takeo Watanabe ** Aransemen: Yushi Matsuyama ** Penyanyi: Mitsuko Horie dan The Chirps == Cathetan sikil == * Candy candy di Internet Movie Data Base: [http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0270761/ Candy-candy (IMDB)] * Mays, Jonathan. [http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/feature/2003-09-13 Anime News Network ] == Pranala njaba == * {{ja}} [http://lakewood.srv7.biz Candy Candy] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221222181735/http://lakewood.srv7.biz/ |date=2022-12-22 }} Misaki's Candy Candy, situs penggemar resmi ==Cathetan sikil== {{reflist}} [[Kategori:Manga]] [[Kategori:Anime]] [[Kategori:Serial anime taun 1976]] [[Kategori:Serial televisi Jepang taun 1976]] o3doqg7fet8obsuz2utwwp7niwyhb69 0 98053 1752180 1642888 2026-08-03T14:57:59Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1752180 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:Gruyère.jpg|thumb|240px]] {{Infobox Cheese | name = Gruyère | image = [[Gambar:Gruyère.jpg|260px]] | othernames = | country = [[Switserlan]] | regiontown = [[Fribourg]], [[Waadt]], [[Neuenburg]], [[Jura]] | region = | town = | source = [[Sapi]] | pasteurised = Tidak | texture = Keras | fat = 49% | protein = | dimensions = | weight = | aging = 5-12 bulan | certification = AOC: 2001<ref name="Lexicon of Cheese">{{cite book | author=Iburg, Anne | title=Dumont's Lexicon of Cheese | publisher= Rebo International b.v., Lisse, The Netherlands. | year=2004 | id=ISBN 978-90-366-1689-8}} Page 132-134.</ref> }} '''Gruyère''' ya iku [[keju]] kanti ''tekstur'' atos kang digawé saka [[susu]] [[sapi]] mentah saka laladan ''Gruyère'' ing [[Switserlan]].<ref name="cheese">[http://www.cheese.com/Description.asp?Name=gruyere Gruyere] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230809155930/https://www.cheese.com/Description.asp?Name=gruyere%3FName%3Dgruyere |date=2023-08-09 }}, ''Cheese.com''. (Kaunduh 20/2/13).</ref> Keju Gruyère dijenenggi jumbuh karo désa panggonan keju iki pertama kali digawé.<ref name="lovecheeseuk">[http://www.ilovecheese.co.uk/gruyere.html Switzerland's Famous Gruyere Cheese], ''I Love Cheese''. (Kaunduh 20/2/13).</ref> Kulit keju iki kanti keriput lan warnané coklat alami.<ref name="lovecheeseuk"/> Keju Gruyère duwé wujud mèh padha karo keju [[Emmental]], nanging keju Gruyère duwèni warna kuning kang luwih peteng.<ref name="cheese"/> Saliyané iku, prosès pematangan Gruyère luwih suwi ketimbang karo Emmental saéngga teksturé luwih padet lan rasané luwih teges.<ref name="cheese"/><ref name="lovecheeseuk"/> == Sajarah == Sajarah keju Gruyère walé nalika taun [[1155]].<ref name="Lexicon of Cheese"/><ref name="encyclopedia">{{cite book | author=Harbutt, Juliet | title=The World Encyclopedia of Cheese | publisher= Anness Publishing Ltd | year=2006 | id=ISBN 978-1-84309-960-4}} Page 104.</ref> Nalika iku para peternak diijinaké kanggo gawé keju kanti nggunakaké peralatan kang disumbangaké déning para biarawan.<ref name="Lexicon of Cheese"/><ref name="gruyere">[http://www.gruyere.com/en/home/le-gruyere-aoc/history-of-gruyere-aoc/ History of Gruyere AOC] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160427113634/http://gruyere.com/en/home/le-gruyere-aoc/history-of-gruyere-aoc/ |date=2016-04-27 }}, ''Gruyere.com''. (Kaunduh 20/2/13).</ref> Nanging para peternak mau kudu mènèhi sapérangan saka keju dèwèké marang biarawan mau.<ref name="encyclopedia"/><ref name="gruyere"/> Para peternak mau kudu munggah marang gunung kanggo meres [[susu sapi]] dhèwèké amarga ing kana ana akèh suket kanggo mènèhi pkan kanggo sapi-sapi mau.<ref name="livescience">[http://www.livescience.com/history/070528_cheese_science.html The Strange History of Cheese], ''Live Science''. (Kaunduh 20/2/13).</ref> Wondèné lelampahan marang gunung ngeselaké banget saéngga ora mungkin kanggo dhèwèké lunga saben dina.<ref name="livescience"/> Amerga ikulah saben wektu mangsa panas pira-pira pawongan ditugasaké kanggo njaga kelompok sapi duwén ésekabèhané penduduk désa.<ref name="livescience"/> Wong-wong mau uga duwé tugas kanggo meres susu sapi-sapi mau lan gawé keju saben dina.<ref name="livescience"/> Keju mau duwé tingkat kelembaban kang endèk saéngga bisa tahan sadawné mangsa panas.<ref name="livescience"/> Saliyané iku, keju mau uga dagawé sajeroning ukuran kang gédh élan kuwat saéngga ora rusak sajeroning lelampahan mudun gunung.<ref name="livescience"/> Nganti saiki keju Gruyère isih diprodhuksi kanti ukuran kang gedhé.<ref name="encyclopedia"/> == Béntuk dan tekstur == Keju iki wujudé bundar kanti ukuran diameter 58 nganti 66 sentimeter lan dhuwur 10 nganti 13 centimeter.<ref name="Lexicon of Cheese"/> Bobot saka keju iki sakiwa-tengené 20 nganti 45 kilogram.<ref name="encyclopedia"/> Kulit keju iki duwé warna coklat lan kanti tekstur kasar lan lunyu.<ref name="Lexicon of Cheese"/> Keju iki duwé bolongan-bolongan cilik ing pérangan jeroné.<ref name="Lexicon of Cheese"/><ref name="geek">[http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-gruyere.htm What is Gruyere?], ''Wise Geek''. (Kaunduh 20/2/13).</ref> Bolongan-bolongan mau duwé diameter antarané 4 nganti5 milimeter.<ref name="Lexicon of Cheese"/> == Pembuatan == Keju Gruyère digawé kanti nggunakaké susu sapi kang ora di [[pasteurisasi]].<ref name="Lexicon of Cheese"/><ref name="geek"/> Susu iki diéntuki saka sapi-sapi kang diwènèhi pakan suket nalika [[mangsa panas]] lan merang nalika [[mangsa dingin]].<ref name="Lexicon of Cheese"/> Susu mau kudu langsung diproses ing sajeroning wektu 18 jam sawisé diperes.<ref name="Lexicon of Cheese"/> Kanggo gawé keju Gruyère kanti bobot 35 kilogram, dibutuhaké susu sapi nganti 400 liter.<ref name="encyclopedia"/> Susu mau dipanasaké kanti suhu 34&nbsp;°C banjur [[rennet]] ditambahaké.<ref name="geek"/><ref name="edible">[http://www.practicallyedible.com/edible.nsf/pages/gruyerecheese Gruyere Cheese] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100502045800/http://www.practicallyedible.com/edible.nsf/pages/gruyerecheese |date=2010-05-02 }}, ''Practically Edible''. (Kaunduh 20/2/13).</ref> Didih susu banjur diremik trus dimasak sianmbi diaduk.<ref name="Lexicon of Cheese"/><ref name="geek"/><ref name="edible"/> Banjur dadih mau dicetak lan diprès nganti 16 jam knggo ngasilaké tekstur kang tos lan padet.<ref name="Lexicon of Cheese"/><ref name="edible"/> Sawisé iku keju dikom sajeroning banyu asin suwéné 8 dina.<ref name="geek"/><ref name="edible"/> Tahap selanjuté ya iku pematengan, suwéné sakiwa-tengené 5 nganti 12 wulan.<ref name="Lexicon of Cheese"/><ref name="edible"/> Keju Gruyère [[Amérika]] dimatengaké suwéné 3 wulan, wondéné keju Gruyère [[Switserlan]] dimatangaké suwéné minimal 5 wulan.<ref name="edible"/> == Uga delengen == * [[Keju]] * [[Keju Switserlan]] * [[Tête de Moine]] == Cathetan sikil == {{reflist}} == Pranala njaba == {{Commons category|Gruyère}} [[Kategori:Keju]] [[Kategori:Keju Switserlan]] spdadtaqb3rnzneznvcfay3hcubpxma 0 128610 1752173 1691953 2026-08-03T14:10:12Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1752173 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:Edvard Grieg (1888) by Elliot and Fry - 02.jpg|jmpl]] '''Edvard Hagerup Grieg''' ([[basa Nurwègen|Nurwègen]] [ˈɛdʋɑɖ ˈhɑːɡərʉp ˈɡrɪɡ]; lair [[15 Juni]] [[1843]] - surut [[4 September]] [[1907]], nalika surut umuré 64 taun) iku sawijining juru main piyano lan komponis kawentar Nurwègen. Dhèwèké dianggep salah sawijining komponis utama [[Musik Romantik|éra Romantik]], lan musik anggitané iku pérangan baku répertowar klasik saindhenging jagat. Olèhé nganggo lan ngembangaké musik rakyat Nurwègen sajeroning komposisiné, bisa ndokok Nurwègen ing posisi wigati sajeroning Donya musik internasiyonal. Saliyané iku, karyané mèlu ngréwangi yasa idhèntitas nasiyonal Nurwègen kaya déné sing digayuh déning [[Jean Sibelius]] lan [[Antonín Dvořák]] ing [[Finlan]] lan [[Bohémia]].<ref name="isbn1-84383-210-0">{{cite book |author=Daniel M. Grimley |authorlink= |pambesut= |others= |title=Grieg: Music, Landscape and Nurwègenn Identity |edition= |language= |publisher=Boydell Press |location=Ipswich |year=2006 |origyear= |pages= |quote= |isbn=1-84383-210-0 |oclc= |doi= |url= |accessdate=}}</ref> == Rujukan == {{reflist}} == Pranala njaba== {{commons category}} {{wikisource author|Edvard Hagerup Grieg}} *[http://www.grieg07.no Grieg 2007. Official Site for 100th year commemoration of Edvard Grieg ] *[http://www.edvardgrieg.no The Grieg archives at Bergen Public Library] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090413060030/http://www.edvardgrieg.no/ |date=2009-04-13 }} *[http://www.troldhaugen.no Troldhaugen Museum, Grieg's home] *[http://www.mnc.net/norway/GRIEG.HTM Biography of Grieg] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051214011056/http://www.mnc.net/norway/GRIEG.HTM |date=2005-12-14 }} by prof. Harald Herresthal *{{OL author|OL38111A}} *[http://www.nycgovparks.org/sub_your_park/historical_signs/hs_historical_sign.php?id=11839 Edvard Grieg statue by [[Sigvald Asbjornsen]] [[Prospect Park (Brooklyn)]]] *Films about Grieg's life: [http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0303955/ ''What Price Immortality?'' (1999)], [http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0066393/ ''Song of Norway'' (1970)] *[https://secure.flickr.com/photos/bergen_public_library/collections/72157617382486774/ Edvard Grieg picture collection at flickr commons] *[http://www25.uua.org/uuhs/duub/articles/edvardgrieg.html Edvard and Nina Grieg] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080314160425/http://www25.uua.org/uuhs/duub/articles/edvardgrieg.html |date=2008-03-14 }}, Dictionary of [[Unitarianism|Unitarian]] & [[Universalist]] Biography ===Rekaman déning Edvard Grieg=== *[http://www.pianolist.org/music/papillon.mp3 Papillon – Lyric Piece, Op. 43, no. 1] as recorded by Grieg on piyano roll, 17 April 1906, Leipzig ([http://www.pianola.org/reproducing/reproducing.cfm Info]) *''Legendary Piano Recordings: The Complete Grieg, Saint-Saëns, Pugno, and Diémer'' ([http://www.marstonrecords.com/legendary-piano/legendary_piano_tracks.htm Marston Records]) *''Edvard Grieg: The Piano Music In Historic Interpretations'' ([http://www.simax.musiconline.no/shop/displayAlbumExtended.asp?id=16520 SIMAX Classics – PSC1809] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.is/20130223083237/http://www.simax.musiconline.no/shop/displayAlbumExtended.asp?id=16520 |date=2013-02-23 }}) *''Grieg and his Circle'' ([http://www.pavilionrecords.co.uk Pearl, GEMM 9933 CD] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111225094817/http://www.pavilionrecords.co.uk/ |date=2011-12-25 }}) *''[http://www.kunstmuseene.no/Default.asp?enhet=troldhaugen&art=212&kat=178&sp=1 Grieg spiller Grieg]'' (Edvard Grieg Musiyum Troldhaugen) *[http://www.rprf.org/Rollography.html Piano Rolls] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050306063111/http://www.rprf.org/Rollography.html |date=2005-03-06 }} ([http://www.rprf.org/ The Reproducing Piano Roll Foundation] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100301032625/http://www.rprf.org/ |date=2010-03-01 }}) ===Rekaman karya Edvard Grieg=== * [http://www.lunanova.org/MaytanCD/GriegSonata1-1.mp3 Edvard Grieg, Sonata No. 1 in F major, I. Allegro con brio - Gregory Maytan (violin), Nicole Lee (piano)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161030204402/http://www.lunanova.org/MaytanCD/GriegSonata1-1.mp3 |date=2016-10-30 }} * [http://www.lunanova.org/MaytanCD/GriegSonata1-2.mp3 Edvard Grieg, Sonata No. 1 in F major, II. Allegretto quasi Andantino - Gregory Maytan (violin), Nicole Lee (piano)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161030205903/http://www.lunanova.org/MaytanCD/GriegSonata1-2.mp3 |date=2016-10-30 }} * [http://www.lunanova.org/MaytanCD/GriegSonata1-3.mp3 Edvard Grieg, Sonata No. 1 in F major, III. Allegro molto vivace - Gregory Maytan (violin), Nicole Lee (piano)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161030205718/http://www.lunanova.org/MaytanCD/GriegSonata1-3.mp3 |date=2016-10-30 }} * [http://www.lunanova.org/MaytanCD/GriegSonata3-1.mp3 Edvard Grieg, Sonata No. 3 in C minor, I. Allegro molto ed appasionato - Gregory Maytan (violin), Nicole Lee (piano)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161031023605/http://www.lunanova.org/MaytanCD/GriegSonata3-1.mp3 |date=2016-10-31 }} * [http://www.lunanova.org/MaytanCD/GriegSonata3-2.mp3 Edvard Grieg, Sonata No. 3 in C minor, II. Allegretto espressivo all Ramanza - Gregory Maytan (violin), Nicole Lee (piano)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161030202457/http://www.lunanova.org/MaytanCD/GriegSonata3-2.mp3 |date=2016-10-30 }} * [http://www.lunanova.org/MaytanCD/GriegSonata3-3.mp3 Edvard Grieg, Sonata No. 3 in C minor, III. Allegro animato - Gregory Maytan (violin), Nicole Lee (piano)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161030205017/http://www.lunanova.org/MaytanCD/GriegSonata3-3.mp3 |date=2016-10-30 }} ===Notasi musik=== *{{IMSLP|id=Grieg, Edvard}} *{{ChoralWiki|Edvard Grieg}} *[http://www.mutopiaproject.org/cgibin/make-table.cgi?Composer=GriegE Free scores] ing [[Mutopia Project]] ===Fèstival=== *[http://www.peergynt.no/english/ Peer Gynt Festival] *[http://www.oslogriegfestival.no/ Oslo Grieg Festival] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140106003348/http://oslogriegfestival.no/ |date=2014-01-06 }} *[http://www.griegfestival.no/ Grieg International Choir Festival] *[http://www.grieginbergen.com/ Grieg in Bergen] {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Grieg, Edvard}} [[Kategori:Paraga Nurwègen]] [[Kategori:Lair 1843]] [[Kategori:Pati 1907]] mgur0iz97ca2hpby518euo5kj11jubf 0 154811 1752174 1699421 2026-08-03T14:13:19Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1752174 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox comedian|name=Ellen DeGeneres|image=Ellen DeGeneres 2011.jpg|caption=Ellen DeGeneres ing Januari 2004|birth_name=Ellen Lee DeGeneres|birth_date={{Birth date and age|mf=yes|1958|1|26}}|birth_place=Metairie, [[Louisiana]], [[Amerika Serikat]]|medium=&nbsp;tivi, film, buku|nationality=[[Amerika]]|active=1978–saiki|spouse=Portia de Rossi (m. 2008-saiki)|domesticpartner=Anne Heche<br><small>(1997–2000)</small><br>Alexandra Hedison<br><small>(2001–2004)</small>}}'''Ellen Lee DeGeneres''' ({{Lairpati|Metairie, [[Louisiana]], [[Amerika Serikat]]|26|1|1958}}) iku sawijining [[Aktor|aktris]] warga nagara [[Amérikah Sarékat|Amérikah Sarékat saka amerika]] sing menang ing nominasi lan Emmy Award minangka [[Juru banyol|pelawak]] paling apik. Lair ing New Orleans, [[Louisiana]]. Karyané ing donya filem diwiwiti nalika taun [[1988]]. == Babad Kauripan == Wiwit 2004, DeGeneres nduwé sesambungan karo Portia de Rossi (parga filem ing Sitkom Arrested Development lan Ally McBeal) sing dhaup ing tanggal [[16 Agustus]] 2008.<ref>MSNBC.com -[http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/26246502/ ''Ellen DeGeneres marries Portia de Rossi''] diakses pada tanggal 17 Agustus 2008.</ref> Sakloroné dhaup ing omahé dhèwèké ing [[Los Angeles]]. Sawisé dijabut pamenging marang dhaup antarané padha-jinis ing California, ing gelar wicara Ellen DeGeneres Show, tanggal [[6 Mèi|6 Mei]] 2008, DeGeneres ngumumaké  dhèwèké nduwé sesambungan karo de Rossi.<ref>Advocate.com -[http://www.advocate.com/news_detail_ektid54487.asp ''Ellen and Portia to Tie the Knot''] diakses pada tanggal 17 Mei 2008.</ref> Sakloroné manggon ing Beverly Hills, bebarengan karo 3 asu lan 4 kucing. Dhèwèké duwé rencana gebyahaké pérangan acara dhaupé ing Ellen DeGeneres Show.<ref>Bob Sassone (19 Juli 2007). "The Emmys: More thoughts and theories". TV Squad. Diambil 19 Mei 2008.</ref> Ing 2013, dhèwèké diwawanrembug karo Talia Castellano. == Acara ing tivi == * ''Women of the ight''([[1988]]) * ''Open House'' ([[1989]]-[[1990]]) * ''Laurie Hill'' ([[1992]]-[[1993]]) * Roseanne'' minangka Dr. Whitman (1995)'' * ''Ellen'' ([[1994]]-[[1998]]) * ''Mad About You'' minangka Nancy Bloom (1998) * ''If These walls Could Talk 2''([[2000]]) * ''Ellen DeGeneres: The Beginning'' (2000) * ''Will & Grace'' minangka Adhine Louise ([[2001]]) * ''On The Edge'' ([[2001]]) * ''The Ellen Show'' (2001-[[2002]]) * ''Ellen DeGeneres: Here and Now''([[2003]]) * ''The Ellen DeGeneres Show'' (2003-saiki) * ''57th Annual Primetime Emmys'' (2005) * ''79th Annual Academy Awards'' (pambiwara) (25 Februari 2007) * ''American Idol: Idol Gives Back'' (pambiwara) (April 2007) * ''Ellen's Really Big Show'' ([[2007]]) == Filmografi == * ''Arduous Moon'' ([[1990]]) (subyek cendhek) * ''Wisecracks'' ([[1991]]) (dokumen) * ''Coneheads'' ([[1993]]) * ''Trevor'' ([[1994]]) (subyek cenhek) * ''Ellen's Energy Adventure ''([[1996]]) (subyek cendhek) * ''Mr. Wrong'' minangka Martha Alston (1996) * ''Goodbye Lover'' ([[1998]]) * ''Dr. Dolittle'' minangka asu Yohanes Dolittle (1998) (swara) * ''EdTV'' minangka Cynthia ([[1999]]) * ''The Love Letter ''minangka Janet Hall (1999) * ''If These Walls Could Talk 2'' minangka Kal ([[2000]]) * ''Pauly Shore Is Dead'' minangka dhéwé ([[2003]]) * ''Finding[[Finding Nemo| Nemo]]'' minangka Dory (2003) (swara) * ''My Short Film'' ([[2004]]) (subyek cendhek) * ''[[Finding Dory]]'' minangka Dory (2016) (swara) == Karya == === Buku === * ''My Point...And I Do Have One'' ([[1995]]) * ''The Funny Thing Is...'' ([[2003]]) === Diskografi === * ''Ellen DeGeneres: Taste This'' * ''The Ellen DeGeneres Show: DVDlicious'' == Rujukan == {{reflist}} == Pranala njaba == * The [http://ellen.warnerbros.com/ Ellen DeGeneres Show's web resmi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120906000047/http://ellen.warnerbros.com/ |date=2012-09-06 }} * [http://telepicturesblog.warnerbros.com/ellenshow/ Ellen's Blog] * {{IMDb name|id=0001122}} * [http://www.Ellen-DeGeneres.com Ellen Community Forum] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080201143329/http://www.ellen-degeneres.com/ |date=2008-02-01 }} * [http://www.pub.umich.edu/daily/1999/apr/04-09-99/news/news5.html DeGeneres wuwus bab teka metu pengalaman] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000201140416/http://www.pub.umich.edu/daily/1999/apr/04-09-99/news/news5.html |date=2000-02-01 }}, lan April 1999 artikel bab dhèwèké katon ing University of Michigan * [http://a1135.g.akamai.net/f/1135/18227/1h/cchannel.download.akamai.com/18227/podcast/PHOENIX-AZ/KZZP-FM/ELLEN_DEGENERES_ON_JOHNJAY_AND_RICH.mp3?CPROG=PCAST&MARKET=PHOENIX-AZ&NG_FORMAT=chrrhythmic&SITE_ID=1096&STATION_ID=KZZP-FM&PCAST_AUTHOR=Johnjay_and_Rich&PCAST_CAT=Arts_%26_Entertainment&PCAST_TITLE=Johnjay_and_Rich_at_Their_Best Ellen ing JohnJay lan Rich radio show ngewangi ibu ing perlu kanggo menang mobil] [[Kategori:Lair 1958]] [[Kategori:Paraga Amérika]] tiiw523e5e9a6ta7in8swlp0hat77ai 0 157756 1752201 1469771 2026-08-04T00:34:58Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1752201 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:Paranoid.jpg|jmpl|Wong-wong sing nemu wedi: salah siji saka ciri saka Skizofrenia Paranoida]] '''''Skizofrenia paranoida''''' jinis kang paling umum saka [[Skizofrénia|skizofrenia]].<ref name="sc">{{cite web|title=Paranoid Schizophrenia|url=http://www.schizophrenia.com/szparanoid.htm|accessdate=26 June 2014|archive-date=14 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114000912/http://www.schizophrenia.com/szparanoid.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Wong lara kang kena penyakit iki asring pengalaman wedi, dèlusi (kapitayan) lan biyasané karo ngrasakaké halusinasi (swara utawa prekara-prekara liyané sing dianggep ana, nanging iku bener ora ana). korban uga krasa kaya ana wong kang bakal babras wong-wong mau. Iku angel kanggo wong liya kanggo mesthekaké panandhang yén dhewèké ora bakal dilarani. Wong ngalami kondhisi iki bakal nglampahi akèh  wektu kanggo mikir bab carane kanggo nglindhungi awaké saka wong-wong sing dianggep arep nyelakani dhèwéké. Gejala wong  ''skizofrenia'' paranoida wis krasa terisolasi, krasa tegang lan curiga, gedhé banget kaya kang digandhéngaké pangayoman marang dhewéké, wis raos butarepan kang ora nyata lan krungu prekara-prekara kang ora ana.<ref name="nlm"> {{cite web|title=Schizophrenia - paranoid type|url=http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000936.htm|accessdate=26 June 2014}}</ref> Biyasane wong kang lara ''skizofrenia paranoida'' wis duwèni sethitik prekara  ngéling-ngéling, kethul emosi lan konsentrasi dibandhingaké jinis saka ''skizofrenia'' liyane. ''skizofrenia Paranoid'' malah bisa kawontenan nemen (da) sing pungkasanipun mimpin kanggo sisah, kalebu pikirane lan prilaku saka mateni awaké dhèwé.<ref name="mnt"> {{cite web|title=What Is Paranoid Schizophrenia? What Causes Paranoid Schizophrenia?|url=http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/192621.php|accessdate=26 June 2014}}</ref> == Referensi == {{reflist}} [[Kategori:Psikologi]] few4irnya9ohuahjdds5himsk3z63b5 0 163838 1752215 1660330 2026-08-04T01:23:00Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1752215 wikitext text/x-wiki {{automatic taxobox | image = Stylidium graminifolium flower spike.jpg | image_caption = Kembang ''Stylidium graminifolium'' | taxon = Stylidium | authority = [[Olof Swartz|Sw.]] | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = }} '''Stylidium''' utawa '''''triggerplants''''' (tetuwuhan kang bisa obah) ya iku sawijining tetuwuhan wiji loro ([[Tetanduran wiji loro|dikotil]]) saka kulawarga stylidiceae. Tetuwuhan iki biyasané ngembang ing pungkasan usum semi lan bisa ditemokaké ing sawenèh laladan Ostrali Kulon dan [[Asia]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://anpsa.org.au/APOL18/jun00-3.html|title=An Introduction to Trigger Plants|website=anpsa.org.au|access-date=2019-12-22|archive-date=2019-09-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190908004625/http://anpsa.org.au/APOL18/jun00-3.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Tetuwuhan iki disebut tetuwuhan obah amarga duwéni samubarang kang mligi, ya iku makuthané bisa obah amarga kademok déning [[Kéwan gegremetan|kèwan gegremetan]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://anpsa.org.au/s-gra.html|title=Stylidium graminifolium|website=anpsa.org.au|access-date=2019-12-26|archive-date=2019-11-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191128234230/http://anpsa.org.au/s-gra.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ciri-ciri == Stylidium duwé 200 spèsiès, kang udakara setengahé urip ing Ostrali Kulon. Tetuwuhan iki ngasilaké ''kelenjar lendir'' kang ana ing kembangé. Sawisé diteliti kelenjar iku duwéni kandutan ènzim ''pencernaan''. Mula tetuwuhan iki bisa narik wigatiné kèwan, lan mangan kèwan iku. Tetuwuhan iki kagolong [[karnivora]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sarracenia.com/faq/faq5760.html|title=The Carnivorous Plant FAQ: What is Stylidium like?|website=www.sarracenia.com|access-date=2019-12-26}}</ref> Salah sawjining spèsiès tetuwuhan iki ya iku Stylidium graminifolium, kang panyebaran spèsiesé amba dhéwé. Tetuwuhan iki awujud tetuwuhan kang kaya ta [[suket]] kang duwéni godhong dawané 6-20 cm lan ambané 4 mm. Werna kembangé [[jambon]] lan kadhangkala putih, lan duwéni diamèter udakara 10 mm. Kembangé manggon 40 cm sadhuwuré godhong. Kembangé duwéni makutha cacah 5, kang dumadi saka 4 makutha kang duwéni werna kang narik wigati, lan 1 makutha kang manggon ing buriné "pérangan kang obah" kang mbendhol saka gorokan kembang. Pérangan kang obah dumadi saka 2 benang sari kang dadi siji. Pérangan iki manggon ing ing kolom (punjeré kembang). Cacah kembang ing saben lonjoré udakara 10-25. Usum ngembang tetuwuhan iki ing sadi [[Agustus]] nganti [[Novèmber]] <ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/flora/taxon/b3874d32-36d9-4f3b-a0c7-21e92e1e34a8|title=Flora of Victoria|website=vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au|access-date=2019-12-26}}</ref> == Sujarah == Tetuwuhan iki wiwitané olèh wigati kanggo kawruh kulonan ing taun 1800. Sanadyan tetuwuhan iki lumrahé ditemokaké ing Ostrali lan Asia nanging ing pungkasané abad 17 rujukan marang tetuwuhan iki gampang digolèki, lan bisa diangkah babagan tetuwuhan iki kacatet sadurungé wektu iku. Gancaran élmiah babagan tetuwuhan iki kacathet déning Charles Morren ing abad 19 lan sawenèh spèsiès disungging déning Ferdinand Bauer, juru sungging tetuwuhan kang kaloka. Rica Ericson nulis buku babagan stylidium ing taun 1950an. Rica Ericson ya iku sawijing panulis kang nyerat akèh buku kang ngrembug tetuwuhan Ostrali lan sujarah Ostrali. Dhèwèké nyambut gawé ing babagan fisiologi dhasar stylidium ing taun 1980an lan 1990an ing laboratorium Dr. Goeff Findlay ing Universitas Flinders, Ostali Kidul. Panalitèn babagan tetuwuhan iki banjur diterusaké, mliginé ana Ostali Kulon, amarga ing laladan iku akèh spèsies Stylidium kang ditemokaké.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.triggerplants.org/history.html|title=history|date=2003-07-13|website=web.archive.org|access-date=2019-12-22|archive-date=2003-07-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030713182018/http://www.triggerplants.org/history.html|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref><br /> == Pratélan spèsiès == <div class="NavHead" style="text-align:left;">Ing ngisor iki disebutaké sawenèh spèsiès Stylidium:</div> <div class="NavContent"> {| |- valign="top" | align="left" | * ''[[Stylidium accedens]]'' * ''[[Stylidium aceratum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium aciculare]]'' * ''[[Stylidium acuminatum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium adenophorum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium adnatum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium adpressum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium aeonioides]]'' * ''[[Stylidium affine]]'' * ''[[Stylidium albolilacinum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium albomontis]]'' * ''[[Stylidium alsinoides]]'' * ''[[Stylidium amoenum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium androsaceum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium aquaticum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium arenicola]]'' * ''[[Stylidium armerium]]'' * ''[[Stylidium articulatum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium assimile]]'' * ''[[Stylidium austrocapense]]'' * ''[[Stylidium barleei]]'' * ''[[Stylidium bauthas]]'' * ''[[Stylidium beaugleholei]]'' * ''[[Stylidium begoniifolium]]'' * ''[[Stylidium bellidifolium]]'' * ''[[Stylidium bicolor]]'' * ''[[Stylidium breviscapum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium brunonianum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium brunonis]]'' * ''[[Stylidium bryoides]]'' * ''[[Stylidium bulbiferum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium burbidgeanum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium buxifolium]]'' * ''[[Stylidium caespitosum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium calcaratum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium candelabrum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium capillare]]'' * ''[[Stylidium caricifolium]]'' * ''[[Stylidium carlquistii]]'' * ''[[Stylidium carnosum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium caulescens]]'' * ''[[Stylidium ceratophorum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium chiddarcoopingense]]'' * ''[[Stylidium chinense]]'' * ''[[Stylidium choreanthum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium cicatricosum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium ciliatum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium cilium]]'' * ''[[Stylidium clarksonii]]'' * ''[[Stylidium clavatum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium claytonioides]]'' * ''[[Stylidium coatesianum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium compressum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium confertum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium confluens]]'' * ''[[Stylidium cordifolium]]'' * ''[[Stylidium coroniforme]]'' * ''[[Stylidium corymbosum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium costulatum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium crassifolium]]'' * ''[[Stylidium crossocephalum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium cuneiformis]]'' * ''[[Stylidium curtum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium cygnorum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium cymiferum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium daphne]]'' * ''[[Stylidium debile]]'' * ''[[Stylidium delicatum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium desertorum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium despectum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium diceratum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium dichotomum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium dicksonii]]'' * ''[[Stylidium dielsianum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium diffusum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium dilatatum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium diplectroglossum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium dispermum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium diuroides]]'' * ''[[Stylidium divaricatum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium divergens]]'' * ''[[Stylidium diversifolium]]'' * ''[[Stylidium drummondianum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium dunlopianum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium ecorne]]'' * ''[[Stylidium edentatum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium eglandulosum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium elegans]]'' * ''[[Stylidium elongatum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium emarginatum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium ensatum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium ericksonae]]'' * ''[[Stylidium eripodum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium eriorhizum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium evolutum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium expeditionis]]'' * ''[[Stylidium falcatum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium fimbriatum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium fissilobum]]'' | * ''[[Stylidium flagellum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium floodii]]'' * ''[[Stylidium floribundum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium flumense]]'' * ''[[Stylidium fluminense]]'' * ''[[Stylidium foveolatum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium fruticosum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium galioides]]'' * ''[[Stylidium glabrifolium]]'' * ''[[Stylidium glandulosum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium glandulosissimum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium glaucum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium graminifolium]]'' * ''[[Stylidium guttatum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium gypsophiloides]]'' * ''[[Stylidium hebegynum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium hirsutum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium hispidum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium hortiorum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium hugelii]]'' * ''[[Stylidium humphreysii]]'' * ''[[Stylidium imbricatum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium inaequipetalum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium inconspicuum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium induratum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium insensitivum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium inundatum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium inversiflorum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium involucratum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium ireneae]]'' * ''[[Stylidium javanicum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium junceum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium kalbarriense]]'' * ''[[Stylidium keigheryi]]'' * ''[[Stylidium kunthii]]'' * ''[[Stylidium lachnopodum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium laciniatum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium laricifolium]]'' * ''[[Stylidium lateriticola]]'' * ''[[Stylidium lehmannianum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium leiophyllum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium lepidum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium leptobotrydium]]'' * ''[[Stylidium leptobotrys]]'' * ''[[Stylidium leptocalyx]]'' * ''[[Stylidium leptophyllum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium leptorrhizum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium leptostachyum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium lessonii]]'' * ''[[Stylidium leeuwinense]]'' * ''[[Stylidium limbatum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium lindleyanum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium lineare]]'' * ''[[Stylidium lineatum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium lobuliflorum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium longibracteatum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium longicornu]]'' * ''[[Stylidium longifolium]]'' * ''[[Stylidium longissimum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium longitubum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium lowrieanum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium luteum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium macranthum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium maitlandianum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium majus]]'' * ''[[Stylidium marginatum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium maritimum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium marradongense]]'' * ''[[Stylidium megacarpum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium melastachys]]'' * ''[[Stylidium merrallii]]'' * ''[[Stylidium mimeticum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium miniatum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium minus]]'' * ''[[Stylidium mitchellii]]'' * ''[[Stylidium mitrasacmoides]]'' * ''[[Stylidium montanum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium mucronatum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium multiscapum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium muscicola]]'' * ''[[Stylidium neglectum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium nominatum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium nonscandens]]'' * ''[[Stylidium nudum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium nunagarensis]]'' * ''[[Stylidium obtusatum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium ornatum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium oviflorum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium pachyrrhizum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium paniculatum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium paulineae]]'' * ''[[Stylidium pedunculatum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium pendulum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium periscelianthum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium perizostera]]'' * ''[[Stylidium perminutum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium perpusillum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium petiolare]]'' * ''[[Stylidium piliferum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium pingrupense]]'' | [[Gambar:Stylidium amoenum gdaywa2.jpg|mini|''[[Stylidium amoenum]]'']] [[Gambar:Stylidium brunonianum gdaywa3.jpg|mini|''[[Stylidium brunonianum]]'']] [[Gambar:Stylidium bulbiferum gdaywa1.jpg|mini|''[[Stylidium bulbiferum]]'']] [[Gambar:Stylidium calcaratum gdaywa1.jpg|mini|''[[Stylidium calcaratum]]'']] [[Gambar:Stylidium debile rosette.jpg|mini|''[[Stylidium debile]]'']] [[Gambar:Stylidium graminifolium flower spike.jpg|mini|''[[Stylidium graminifolium]]'']] [[Gambar:Stylidium hispidum gdaywa1.jpg|mini|''[[Stylidium hispidum]]'']] [[Gambar:Stylidium productum.JPG|mini|''[[Stylidium productum]]'']] | * ''[[Stylidium planifolium]]'' * ''[[Stylidium plantagineum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium polystachium]]'' * ''[[Stylidium preissii]]'' * ''[[Stylidium pritzelianum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium productum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium proliferum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium prophyllum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium propinquum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium pruinosum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium pseudocaespitosum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium pseudohirsutum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium pseudosacculatum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium pseudotenellum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium pubigerum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium pulchellum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium pulviniforme]]'' * ''[[Stylidium pycnostachyum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium pygmaeum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium quadrifurcatum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium ramosissimum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium ramosum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium reductum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium reduplicatum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium repens]]'' * ''[[Stylidium rhipidium]]'' * ''[[Stylidium rhynchocarpum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium ricae]]'' * ''[[Stylidium rigidulum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium rivulosum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium robustum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium roseo-alatum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium roseonanum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium roseum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium rotundifolium]]'' * ''[[Stylidium rubriscapum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium rupestre]]'' * ''[[Stylidium sacculatum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium scabridum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium scandens]]'' * ''[[Stylidium scariosum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium schizanthum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium schoenoides]]'' * ''[[Stylidium sejunctum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium semaphorum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium semipartitum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium septentrionale]]'' * ''[[Stylidium serrulatum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium setaceum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium setigerum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium sidjamesii]]'' * ''[[Stylidium simulans]]'' * ''[[Stylidium sinicum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium soboliferum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium spathulatum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium spinulosum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium squamellosum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium squamosotuberosum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium stenophyllum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium stenosepalum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium stipitatum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium stowardii]]'' * ''[[Stylidium striatum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium subulatum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium suffruticosum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium sulcatum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium symonii]]'' * ''[[Stylidium tenellum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium tenerrimum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium tenerum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium tenue]]'' * ''[[Stylidium tenuicarpum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium tenuifolium]]'' * ''[[Stylidium tepperianum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium tetrandra]]'' * ''[[Stylidium thesioides]]'' * ''[[Stylidium thyrsiforme]]'' * ''[[Stylidium tinkeri]]'' * ''[[Stylidium torticarpum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium trichopodum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium turbinatum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium tylosum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium udusicola]]'' * ''[[Stylidium uliginosum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium umbellatum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium uniflorum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium utriculariodes]]'' * ''[[Stylidium validum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium velleioides]]'' * ''[[Stylidium verticillatum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium violaceum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium vitiense]]'' * ''[[Stylidium warriedarense]]'' * ''[[Stylidium weeliwolli]]'' * ''[[Stylidium wightianum]]'' * ''[[Stylidium wilroyense]]'' * ''[[Stylidium xanthopis]]'' * ''[[Stylidium yilgarnense]]'' * ''[[Stylidium zeicolor]]'' |} </div> == Carané ngrumat == Tetuwuhan stylidium lumrahé ora dibudhidayakaké lan angel anggoné nandur ing kebon. Spèsiès S.graminifolium angel dhéwé dibudhidayakaké dibandhing spèsiès liyané, amarga lemah kang dinggo nandur kudu digaringké kanthi apik lan manggon ing kahanan akèh soroté srengéngé utawa papan kang éyup. Tetuwuhan iki bisa thukul ing sawijing wadah utawa pot. Cara ngakehaké winih tetuwuhan iki gampang.<ref name=":0" /> == Rujukan == <references /> [[Kategori:Tetuwuhan]] gdhi96hwcc9t03uh911xkawtptfxxra 4 165026 1752187 1752157 2026-08-03T19:45:35Z MediaWiki message delivery 19967 /* Berita Teknis: 2026-32 */ pérangan anyar 1752187 wikitext text/x-wiki {{/Pambuka}} <div style="display: none;"> {{Naraguna:LabdajiwaBot/konfig arsip |archive = Wikipédia:Angkringan Warta/Arsip %(year)d |algo = old(30d) |counter = 1 |minthreadsleft = 0 |minthreadstoarchive = 1 }} </div> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-28</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W28"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/28|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:34}} {{PLURAL:34|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah pada bilah pencarian di Wikidata yang sebelumnya menampilkan hasil dalam bahasa Inggris alih-alih menggunakan bahasa kedua yang sesuai bagi pengguna varian bahasa kini telah diperbaiki. Mulai sekarang, saran pencarian akan mengikuti rantai bahasa kedua yang diharapkan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T429769] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Sebagai persiapan menuju [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Celebrate Women|kampanye Celebrate Women]] yang direncanakan berlangsung pada Maret 2027, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Advancement/Community Growth/Content Enablement|tim Pemberdayaan Konten]] dari Wikimedia Foundation meluncurkan survei yang terdiri atas 22 pertanyaan untuk memperoleh pemahaman yang lebih baik mengenai kontribusi teknis yang dilakukan oleh perempuan+ (siapa pun yang mengidentifikasi dirinya sebagai perempuan) di berbagai proyek Wikimedia. Survei ini membutuhkan waktu sekitar 15–20 menit untuk diselesaikan dan akan tetap dibuka hingga 20 Juli 2026. Seluruh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Celebrate Women/Technical contributions survey|pertanyaannya]] juga telah tersedia di wiki sehingga dapat ditinjau terlebih dahulu. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Score|Ekstensi Score]] kini mendukung penyajian partitur musik dalam format gambar SVG selain PNG. Pembaruan ini menjawab [[:phab:T49578|permintaan fitur]] yang telah lama diajukan, sekaligus mengatasi masalah kualitas gambar yang selama ini terjadi. Kedua format tersebut kini akan dikirimkan kepada pengguna: format PNG pada atribut <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>src</nowiki></code></bdi> dan SVG pada atribut <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>srcset</nowiki></code></bdi>. * Pengurai [[wikitech:Parsoid|Parsoid]] yang baru [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser_Unification/Updates|terus diterapkan ke wiki lainnya]] untuk mempermudah pengenalan berbagai fitur baru dalam membaca dan menyunting. Pengurai ini kini telah diaktifkan di Wikipedia bahasa Prancis, sehingga cakupan penerapannya telah mencapai 78,9% dari seluruh tampilan halaman Wikipedia. Penerapan pada Wikipedia bahasa Inggris versi desktop akan terus berlanjut sepanjang pekan ini. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.10|MediaWiki]] '''Lebih lanjut''' * [[diffblog:2026/06/29/wikimedia-hackathon-2026-building-collaborating-and-shaping-the-future-together/|Tulisan rangkuman]] mengenai Wikimedia Hackathon 2026 kini telah diterbitkan. Tulisan tersebut menyoroti berbagai proyek, sesi, dan kegiatan sosial yang berlangsung selama acara tahun ini, dan membagikan rencana awal penyelenggaraan Wikimedia Hackathon 2027. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/28|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W28"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 6 Juli 2026 13.56 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30773578 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': June 2026 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XVI, Issue VI, June 2026</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/From the team|From the team]]: Tools, tech, and Wikimania * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Argentina report|Argentina report]]: New digitization partner * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Bangladesh report|Bangladesh report]]: International Museum Day Edit-a-thon and Workshop held in Dinajpur, Bangladesh * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: Postal Mission on Wikimedia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Empowering Institutions through Wikisource Education and GLAM Capacity Building * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Czech Republic report|Czech Republic report]]: Bridging the gap between labs and Wikipedia: continuing cooperation with FZU * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Egypt report|Egypt report]]: From Museum Celebrations to Archival Documentation * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Finland report|Finland report]]: Northern Wikimedist meetup in Oulu * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/France report|France report]]: #1lib1ref Recap and International Archives Week * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Heritage and Community Action * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Mexico report|Mexico report]]: Open GLAM in Puebla * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: Interview with Olaf Janssen, Wikimedia coordinator of the KB, National library of the Netherlands * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: BAU at Auckland Museum, Otago Uni Library Life and the NZBSI WiR is complete * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: Collaboration with the Botanical garden at the Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics in Skopje * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: Poland Report: New Partnerships, Conferences, and Wikimedians in Residence * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: Opening the Doors of Serbian Heritage: Wikimedia Serbia’s Recent GLAM and Wikidata Successes * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Spain report|Spain report]]: GLAM Labs Futures 2026 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Finnish-Swedish cooperation * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Exhibition, International Archives Week Panel * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Ninth Good Article from Khalili partnership * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Philadelphia WikiSalon * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: Updates on work by BHLWiki Working Group members * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/AvoinGLAM report|AvoinGLAM report]]: Is the sauna still hot? * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: New articles * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: July's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 11 Juli 2026 22.34 (UTC)</div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Romaine@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=30773577 --> == ''The Signpost'': 13 July 2026 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''</div> <div style="column-count:2;"> * News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-07-13/News and notes|An exclusive club]] * In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-07-13/In the media|Battle for a soul - who won?]] * Opinion: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-07-13/Opinion|We need to innovate with Wikimedia decision-making]] * Recent research: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-07-13/Recent research|LLMs and NPOV, 20 years of user blocks, Esperanto and Volapük Wikipedias]] * News from Diff: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-07-13/News from Diff|How to host Wikicurious in your own community]] * Community view: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-07-13/Community view|CUNY Newmark Wikimedian-in-Residence Quarterly Brief – April to June 2026]] * Special report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-07-13/Special report|Wikipedia escapes Category 1 designation under the UK Online Safety Act - for now]] * On the bright side: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-07-13/On the bright side|Fatherhood, weather, and diplomacy]] * Op-ed: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-07-13/Op-ed|A Layup Easy Proposal for Wikimedia at 25: Spend 25% of Donations on the Community]] * Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-07-13/Traffic report|The grass was greener, the light was brighter]] * Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-07-13/Comix|schnozzed]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 13 Juli 2026 07.27 (UTC) <!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --></div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:JPxG@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&oldid=30775662 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-29</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W29"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/29|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Revise_Tone|Revisi Nada]] (''Revise Tone'') membantu pengguna baru mengenali bagian-bagian dalam artikel Wikipedia yang mungkin menggunakan bahasa yang kurang sesuai dengan gaya ensiklopedis, sekaligus mengajaknya untuk mempertimbangkan penyuntingan ulang agar nada tulisannya lebih tepat. Fitur ini telah diuji melalui [[w:en:A/B_testing|pengujian A/B]] di Wikipedia bahasa Arab, Inggris, Prancis, dan Portugis. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat penyelesaian tugas oleh pengguna baru [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Revise_Tone#Experiment_Results|meningkat sebesar 38,7%]] dibandingkan dengan tugas penyuntingan teks bawaan, tanpa penurunan kualitas suntingan. Uji coba tersebut berakhir pada 9 Juli, dan kini fitur ini tersedia bagi semua pengguna di wiki-wiki tersebut, dan dapat diatur melalui Konfigurasi Komunitas. Selanjutnya, fitur ini [[phab:T426364|direncanakan]] akan diluncurkan ke lebih banyak wiki. * Konfigurasi komunitas yang memungkinkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship#Automated mentor list cleanup|pembimbing tidak aktif dihapus secara otomatis]] berdasarkan kriteria yang dapat disesuaikan akan mulai diaktifkan pada hari Kamis, 16 Juli, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Deployment|di sejumlah wiki]] agar daftar pembimbing tetap mutakhir. Pembimbing merupakan kontributor berpengalaman yang secara sukarela mendaftarkan diri untuk membantu pengguna baru di wiki melalui [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary|Fitur-fitur Pertumbuhan]]. Pengurus kini dapat menyiapkan pengaturannya melalui [[w:Special:CommunityConfiguration/Mentorship|Special:CommunityConfiguration/Mentorship]]. Pengaturan tersebut akan mulai berlaku pada hari Kamis. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:38}} {{PLURAL:38|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah yang menyebabkan sebagian pengguna aplikasi Wikipedia untuk Android langsung keluar log sesaat setelah masuk log (''login'') sehingga mereka tidak dapat tetap masuk log dan menyunting halaman, kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316916] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Penyuntingan halaman menggunakan skrip pengguna atau gawai sebelumnya menyebabkan label daftar pantauan yang telah ditetapkan pengguna pada halaman tersebut kembali ke kondisi awal. Masalah tersebut kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423778] * Sebagai solusi sementara untuk mengatasi bug pada Safari (lihat [[phab:T425211]]), pada wiki yang telah mengaktifkan Parsoid, atribut href pada pranala wiki kini menggunakan URL absolut, alih-alih URL relatif terhadap protokol (''protocol-relative URL''). Keluaran REST API tidak mengalami perubahan dan tetap menggunakan URL relatif terhadap protokol. Oleh karena itu, gawai, skrip pengguna, bot, atau CSS mungkin perlu disesuaikan apabila sebelumnya bergantung pada penggunaan URL relatif terhadap protokol dalam atribut href pada pranala wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T431358] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.11|MediaWiki]] '''Lebih lanjut''' * Tim Platform Eksperimen (''Experiment Platform Team'') dari Wikimedia Foundation telah menerbitkan sebuah tulisan di blog yang merenungkan tahun pertama pelaksanaan uji coba terstruktur mereka. Tulisan tersebut menyoroti berbagai eksperimen yang berhasil, seperti Pemeriksaan Tempel, Pemeriksaan Referensi, dan Pemeriksaan Nada Bahasa, yang terbukti meningkatkan hasil penyuntingan dan kini telah diluncurkan kepada lebih banyak pengguna. Selain itu, tulisan tersebut juga membahas sejumlah eksperimen yang pada akhirnya tidak menghasilkan perubahan terhadap produk. [[diffblog:2026/07/07/moving-the-needle-how-we-test-new-ideas-across-wikimedia-projects|Baca selengkapnya]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/29|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W29"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 13 Juli 2026 16.10 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30804401 --> == Books & Bytes – Issue 75 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style = "font-size: 1.5em; margin: 0 100px"> [[File:Bookshelf.jpg|right|175px]]</div> <div style = "line-height: 1.2"> <span style="font-size: 2em; font-family: Copperplate, 'Copperplate Gothic Light', serif">'''The Wikipedia Library''': ''Books & Bytes''</span><br /> Issue 75, May–June 2026 </div> <div style = "margin-top: 1.5em; border: 3px solid #ae8c55; border-radius: .5em; padding: 1em 1.5em; font-size: 1.2em"> * New partnerships: The Telegraph, Marg, The Tribune newspapers * Tech tip: Expired partnerships <big>'''[[:m:The Wikipedia Library/Newsletter/May-June 2026|Read the full newsletter]]'''</big> </div> </div> <small>Sent by [[m:User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] on behalf of The Wikipedia Library team – 17 Juli 2026 14.44 (UTC)</small> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Samwalton9 (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Wikipedia_Library/Newsletter/Recipients&oldid=30816481 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-30</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W30"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/30|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reader/Reader Experience|Tim Pengalaman Pembaca]] telah menindaklanjuti berbagai masukan dari komunitas mengenai penempatan tombol bintang pantauan (''watchstar'') dan daftar pantauan (''watchlist'') pada [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|fitur beta Daftar Bacaan]] (''Reading Lists''). Fitur ini memungkinkan pengguna menyimpan artikel untuk dibaca di lain waktu dan merupakan salah satu [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W102|usulan dalam daftar harapan pengembangan]] agar fungsi tersebut tersedia di antarmuka web. Para penyunting diundang untuk mengaktifkan fitur beta ini, mencobanya, dan [[phab:T426453|menyampaikan tanggapan maupun masukan mereka]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Mode Saran]] menghadirkan saran penyuntingan di dalam VisualEditor untuk membantu meningkatkan kualitas artikel Wikipedia. [[Special:EditChecks|Seluruh saran]] yang ditampilkan dapat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Suggestion mode#For administrators – local customization|dikonfigurasi oleh komunitas]]. Salah satu fiturnya, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/TextMatch|TextMatch]], memungkinkan para sukarelawan membuat saran lokal yang disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan wiki masing-masing. Fitur ini bekerja dengan mencari pola teks tertentu di dalam artikel, dan kini telah mendukung penggunaan ekspresi reguler. Dukungan tersebut memberikan ketelitian dan fleksibilitas yang lebih besar bagi para sukarelawan dalam menentukan jenis saran lokal yang ingin dibuat. Perlu diketahui bahwa saran [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Configuration#:~:text=maximumEditcount|dapat disasar]] berdasarkan jumlah suntingan penyunting atau berbagai karakteristik lain dari halaman yang sedang disunting. Sebagai referensi, tersedia pula [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Suggestion mode#Create custom local types of Suggestions|berbagai contoh dari komunitas lain]], termasuk TextMatch yang dapat mendeteksi kesalahan ketik, kesalahan tata bahasa, potensi konten promosi, penggunaan ungkapan klise, kesalahan penggunaan tanda pisah atau tanda hubung, kata-kata penunjuk waktu yang tidak spesifik, nama yang sudah tidak lagi digunakan, dan lain-lain. Segala bentuk [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|masukan]] sangat diharapkan. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:27}} {{PLURAL:27|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah pada perkakas Penerjemah SVG (''SVG Translate''), yang sebelumnya menggunakan versi berkas yang sudah usang. Akibatnya, terjemahan yang sudah ada dapat tertimpa saat terjemahan baru diunggah. Masalah tersebut [[phab:T430577|kini telah diperbaiki]]. Secara keseluruhan, sepanjang triwulan April–Juni 2026, Wikimedia Foundation telah menyelesaikan sekitar 337 tugas yang diajukan oleh komunitas. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Pada wiki yang telah menggunakan Parsoid, kini jumlah gambar yang dapat dihasilkan dalam satu halaman akan dibatasi hingga 1.250 gambar. Kategori pelacakan baru bernama "media-limit-reached" akan segera tersedia untuk membantu mengidentifikasi halaman yang mencapai batas tersebut. Dengan adanya kategori ini, halaman yang keluaran medianya mungkin dibatasi selama proses render akan lebih mudah ditemukan. Lihat [[phab:T430854]] untuk informasi lebih lanjut dan untuk menyampaikan masukan. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.12|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/30|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W30"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21 Juli 2026 05.45 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30836091 --> == Request for comment (the future of Abstract Wikipedia) == <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Apologies if this has not yet been translated into your wiki's language. {{int:Please-translate}} You are invited to voice your opinions in a [[:m:Requests for comment/The future of Abstract Wikipedia|request for comment about the future of Abstract Wikipedia]]. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[:m:User:Kowal2701|Kowal2701]] ([[:m:User talk:Kowal2701|talk]]) 24 Juli 2026 12.24 (UTC) </bdi> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:DreamRimmer@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30513860 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-31</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W31"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/31|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ContentTranslation|Penerjemahan Konten]] (''Content Translation''), kini mendukung mode gelap. Pembaruan ini memenuhi salah satu [[m:Community Wishlist/W544|permintaan dari Daftar Harapan Komunitas]] dan membuat perkakas tersebut selaras dengan fitur aksesibilitas yang telah tersedia pada kulit Vector 2022 dan Minerva. Dengan dukungan ini, pengguna yang menerjemahkan konten dapat mengurangi kelelahan visual saat menggunakan perkakas tersebut. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367077] * Mode sumber pada DiscussionTools dan penyunting teks wiki 2017 kini akan menyediakan fitur pelengkapan otomatis untuk pranala (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>[[</nowiki></code></bdi>), templat (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{</nowiki></code></bdi>), tag HTML dan pengurai (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><</nowiki></code></bdi>), dan kata magis (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>__</nowiki></code></bdi>). Fitur ini membuat proses penyisipan pranala, templat, dan elemen markah wiki lainnya menjadi lebih cepat dan mudah ketika melakukan penyuntingan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T432400] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews|Tim Pertumbuhan Pembaca]] telah menyelesaikan eksperimennya mengenai pratinjau halaman pada perangkat seluler (''mobile page previews'') dan memutuskan untuk tidak meluncurkan fitur tersebut secara luas. Pratinjau Halaman (''Page Previews'') merupakan lembar tersembul di bagian bawah layar yang muncul ketika pembaca mengetuk pranala berwarna biru. Fitur ini menampilkan keluku, paragraf pembuka artikel, dan opsi untuk membuka artikel tersebut. Hasil uji coba menunjukkan tingkat retensi yang relatif datar dan metrik indikator yang negatif. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa pembaca Wikipedia melalui web seluler lebih memilih berpindah langsung ke artikel yang ditautkan daripada menggunakan pratinjau halaman. * Tim Pengalaman Pembaca memperoleh hasil awal yang menjanjikan dari [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|fitur Daftar Bacaan]] (''Reading Lists''), dengan 93% pengguna yang berpartisipasi melaporkan bahwa fitur tersebut bermanfaat. Fitur ini membantu pembaca aktif menyimpan artikel untuk dibaca kembali di masa mendatang dan mendukung tujuan pembelajaran mereka dalam proyek-proyek Wikimedia. Tim tersebut berencana melakukan peningkatan lebih lanjut sebelum memperluas penggunaan fitur ini kepada lebih banyak pengguna. * Inisiatif [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh|Penyegaran Jelajah Umpan]] (''Explore Feed Refresh'') telah diuji coba kepada pembaca baru dan pembaca kasual aplikasi Wikipedia. Tampilan umpan yang diperbarui ini membantu pembaca menemukan artikel baru yang relevan dengan lebih mudah. Setelah fitur tersebut menghasilkan peningkatan interaksi sebesar 10,5% pada penggunaan umpan, tim Aplikasi Wikimedia memutuskan untuk menerapkan desain ulang Umpan Beranda (''Home Feed'') pada perangkat iOS, dengan memanfaatkan pembelajaran dari peluncuran versi Android. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:23}} {{PLURAL:23|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah pada fitur Panduan Artikel yang menyebabkan nama subjek ditampilkan dengan penggunaan huruf kapital yang keliru di Wikipedia bahasa Prancis kini telah diperbaiki. Nama subjek tersebut sekarang akan ditampilkan sesuai dengan aturan kapitalisasi yang berlaku dalam bahasa terkait. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427201] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Setelah melakukan serangkaian [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|Uji Coba Pembuatan Akun]] untuk meningkatkan persentase pengguna yang berhasil menyelesaikan proses registrasi, versi terbaru kolom nama pengguna pada halaman [[Special:CreateAccount|Buat Akun]] kini telah diterapkan. Versi terbaru ini menambahkan jendela sembul yang berisi [[:c:File:Create account - July 2026 updates.png|ringkasan kebijakan nama pengguna]], sehingga pengguna memperoleh panduan yang lebih jelas saat membuat akun. Sebagai bagian dari perubahan ini, pesan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-helpusername</nowiki></code></bdi> dan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-username-help</nowiki></code></bdi> yang telah dikonfigurasi oleh beberapa komunitas tidak akan digunakan lagi. Jika komunitas ingin menyesuaikan panduan yang ditampilkan pada dialog sembul baru tersebut, mereka dapat menyunting halaman pesan-pesan berikut: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-username-policy-popover-bullet1</nowiki></code></bdi>, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-username-policy-popover-bullet2</nowiki></code></bdi>, dan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-username-policy-popover-bullet3</nowiki></code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T430604] * Mulai akhir pekan ini, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|penyorot sintaks CodeMirror]] akan menyediakan pilihan tema. Tema tersebut dapat dipilih melalui menu tarik-turun pada dialog [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#CodeMirror preferences|pengaturan lengkap CodeMirror]]. Untuk teks wiki, tema yang tersedia adalah: ''default'' (tampilan standar), ''colorblind-friendly'' (ramah bagi pengguna dengan buta warna; sebelumnya merupakan opsi preferensi buta warna pada [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing]]), dan ''no-highlighting'' (tanpa penyorotan sintaks). Untuk bahasa pemrograman seperti CSS, JavaScript, JSON, Vue, dan Lua, tersedia beberapa pilihan tema lainnya. Tema-tema yang sama nantinya juga akan tersedia untuk teks wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T163533] * Mulai sekarang, wiki dapat membatasi penyuntingan pada ruang nama "Pengguna" hanya kepada pemilik halaman tersebut dan kelompok pengguna tertentu. Silakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:$wgRestrictUserPageEditing|membaca dokumentasi konfigurasi]] untuk mengetahui informasi lebih lanjut. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.14|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/31|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W31"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 27 Juli 2026 18.48 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30856308 --> == This Month in Education: July 2026 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 15 • Issue 7 • July 2026</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/July 2026|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/July 2026/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2026/Practical Wikipedia Training for Teachers Held in Tetovo, Macedonia|Practical Wikipedia Training for Teachers Held in Tetovo, Macedonia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2026/Wikimedia Ukraine at the Teachers of the Future Festival|Wikimedia Ukraine at the Teachers of the Future Festival]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2026/Six Months of Growth, Learning, and Impact: My Journey as an EduWiki Mentor|Six Months of Growth, Learning, and Impact: My Journey as an EduWiki Mentor]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2026/PhilWiki Community pays homage to Antoine de Saint-Exupéry at Wikimania Paris 2026|PhilWiki Community pays homage to Antoine de Saint-Exupéry at Wikimania Paris 2026]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2026/Google25 Expands Tamil Wikipedia Community|Google25 Expands Tamil Wikipedia Community]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2026/Edu Wiki camp gathers Serbian youth around the topic of open knowledge|Edu Wiki camp gathers Serbian youth around the topic of open knowledge]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2026/Cátedra Glaciares: A Collaborative Experience for the Study and Conservation of Colombia’s Cryosphere|Cátedra Glaciares: A Collaborative Experience for the Study and Conservation of Colombia’s Cryosphere]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2026/Continuing Wiki education partnerships in Brazil|Continuing Wiki education partnerships in Brazil]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2026/Building EduWiki in Albania: From school outreach to student contributions in Wikimedia projects|Building EduWiki in Albania: From school outreach to student contributions in Wikimedia projects]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2026/1Lib1Ref WUGN Kaduna, 2026|1Lib1Ref WUGN Kaduna, 2026]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2026/We create the first master class on access to knowledge and open technology in collaboration with National Autonomous University of Mexico, UNAM|We create the first master class on access to knowledge and open technology in collaboration with National Autonomous University of Mexico, UNAM]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 30 Juli 2026 19.48 (UTC)</div> </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:ZI Jony@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=30838310 --> == ''The Signpost'': 2 August 2026 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''</div> <div style="column-count:2;"> * In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-08-02/In the media|Union drive, most prolific editor make headlines]] * News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-08-02/News and notes|Foundation rejects voluntary recognition of union, proposed board eligibility rules sharply restrict candidates]] * WikiConference: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-08-02/WikiConference|"Kurier, Signpost, wikipress: You can be a Wikimedia journalist" - Wikimania presentation by User:Noé Recap]] * In focus: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-08-02/In focus|Is Larry Sanger the co-founder of Wikipedia?]] * Arbitration report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-08-02/Arbitration report|Think, and not just about content]] * News from Diff: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-08-02/News from Diff|Meet the Wikimedians of the Year 2026!]] * On the bright side: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-08-02/On the bright side|The beautiful game]] * Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-08-02/Traffic report|Odyssey and Oyarzabal]] * Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-08-02/Comix|Well-spotted]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 2 Agustus 2026 10.18 (UTC) <!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --></div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:JPxG@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&oldid=30775662 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-32</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W32"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/32|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Tim Pengalaman Pembaca]] telah mengembangkan sebuah ''[https://82db7c8d4b.catalyst.wmcloud.org/w/index.php?title=Regent%27s_Park&uselang=de patch demo]'' yang mengatur agar bilah perkakas halaman ditampilkan dalam dua baris ketika ruang horizontal tidak mencukupi untuk menampung seluruh tombol. Perubahan ini bertujuan mengurangi kesan sesak pada bilah perkakas Vector 2022, yang dapat terjadi di beberapa Wikipedia dalam berbagai bahasa pada lebar layar tertentu. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T429518] * Tim Pengalaman Pembaca berencana meluncurkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Daftar Bacaan]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Mobile and apps/Have Apps reading lists available on Destop/Mobile|salah satu usulan dalam Daftar Harapan Komunitas]], sebagai fitur penuh pada bulan September. Saat ini, fitur tersebut sudah dapat dicoba melalui versi beta. Menjelang peluncurannya, dibutuhkan bantuan para penerjemah sukarelawan untuk menerjemahkan [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=ext-readinglists&filter=&action=translate pesan-pesan antarmuka] ke berbagai bahasa. Fitur ini dirancang untuk mendukung kegiatan membaca sekaligus membantu pengguna mencapai tujuan pembelajaran mereka di Wikipedia. * Mulai pekan depan, daftar isi pada halaman berkas di Wikimedia Commons akan disempurnakan dengan menggabungkan daftar isi khusus halaman berkas ke dalam daftar isi utama halaman. Perubahan ini akan memudahkan pengguna memahami struktur halaman berkas, berpindah ke bagian tertentu dengan lebih mudah, dan membagikan pranala yang langsung mengarah ke bagian yang diinginkan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332644] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:24}} {{PLURAL:24|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah yang menyebabkan sebagian gambar berformat [[w:TIFF|TIFF]] gagal dimuat setelah keluku (''thumbnail'') diklik, sehingga yang tampil hanyalah gambar rusak, bukan gambar berukuran penuh, kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T429326] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Pemilih variabel dan fungsi pada AbuseFilter kini telah diperbarui dengan dukungan pencarian dan pelengkapan otomatis (''autocomplete''). Pembaruan ini memungkinkan para pengelola penyaring menemukan variabel atau fungsi yang diinginkan dengan lebih cepat. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T323698] * Format video MJPEG dan VP8 telah dihapus dari pemutar video. Sebagai penggantinya, kini ditambahkan dukungan untuk format MP4 (MPEG-4 Part 2) yang mampu menyajikan video dengan kualitas lebih baik pada perangkat iPhone generasi lama. Proses pembaruan terhadap seluruh video yang sudah ada akan dilakukan secara bertahap dan diperkirakan memerlukan waktu beberapa pekan hingga semuanya selesai diperbarui. Sementara itu, format bawaan yang digunakan untuk perangkat modern tetap tidak berubah, yaitu VP9/WebM. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358266] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.15|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/32|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W32"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 3 Agustus 2026 19.45 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30872536 --> nhjfawyqvb7nguwmzf0xojstmj46rai 0 170269 1752214 1743020 2026-08-04T01:09:31Z ~2026-38892-59 73578 /* */ 1752214 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Seri Balas''''' yaiku album duet [[Siti Nurhaliza]] lan [[Noraniza Idris]]. Album iki dirilis ing [[11 Januari]] [[1999]], pas dina ulang tahune Siti Nurhaliza sing kaping 20. == Dhaptar lagu == # ''Hati Kama'' ([[Siti Nurhaliza]] & [[Noraniza Idris]])<br>Senilagu: [[Pak Ngah]]<br>Senikata: Hairul Anuar Harun # ''Ya Allah Ya Saidi'' ([[Noraniza Idris]])<br>Senilagu: Fadzil Ahmad<br>Senikata: Megamutiara # ''Ketawa Lagi'' ([[Siti Nurhaliza]] & [[Noraniza Idris]])<br>Senilagu & Senikata: Copyright Control # ''Walinong Sari'' ([[Siti Nurhaliza]])<br>Senilagu & Senikata: Copyright Control # ''Merak Disangkar'' ([[Noraniza Idris]])<br>Senilagu: Copyright Control<br>Senikata: Nur Afdhal # ''Musalmah Manis'' ([[Siti Nurhaliza]])<br>Senilagu: Copyright Control<br>Senikata: Rahim Jantan # ''Pasir Salak'' ([[Noraniza Idris]])<br>Senilagu: Ku Zahir Ku Ahmad<br>Senikata: Nur Afdhal / J. Jamal # ''Lenggang Lenggok'' ([[Siti Nurhaliza]] & [[Noraniza Idris]])<br>Senilagu: Fadzil Ahmad<br>Senikata: Hairul Anuar Harun / [[Siti Nurhaliza]] # ''Pulau Pisang'' ([[Siti Nurhaliza]])<br>Senilagu & Senikata: Copyright Control # ''Dondang Dendang'' ([[Siti Nurhaliza]] & [[Noraniza Idris]])<br>Senilagu: Pak Ngah<br>Senikata: Hairul Anuar Harun == Produksi == * Penerbit Eksekutif: '''Tan Su Loke''' * Penerbit: '''Pak Ngah & S. Atan''' * Pengurus A&R: '''Sham Amir Hussain''' * Pengurus Projek: '''Alison Tee''' * Unit Promosi: '''Bard, Joe, Ariffin & Rahayu''' * Band Pengiring: '''Swakarya''' * Penyanyi Latar: '''Pak Ngah, Feeza, Widy, Wan & Fairuz''' * Studio Rakaman: '''Pro Recording Studio (Cheras Perdana)''' * Jururakam: '''Wong, Vincent & Lau''' * Juruadun: '''Wong, Vincent & Lau''' * Fotografi: '''Foto QT • Andy • Bustamam Mokhtar''' * Jurusolek: '''Nurul • Joey''' * Mastering: '''Genesis Mastering Lab Sdn. Bhd.''' * Konsep Cover: '''As Design & Print''' {{musik-stub}} [[Kategori:Album]] g8cqpe3etyj5czoumrvpirov1e7qb42 0 171237 1752206 1536045 2026-08-04T00:49:26Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1752206 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:Snake_soup.jpg|jmpl|Mangkuk sup ula karo bumbu godhong jeruk nipis lan adonan goreng]] '''Sup ula''' ( Chinese ) minangka panganan khas Kanton sing enak lan suplemen kasarasan ing China, Hong Kong, Vietnam, panganan Indonesia lan Thailand sing ngemot paling ora rong jinis ula minangka bahan utama. Sup mau rasane rada legi amarga ditambahake godhong krisan lan rempah-rempah, dene daging ula ing sup kasebut diarani mirip tekstur lan rasa daging pitik . <ref name="inocentio">[http://travel.cnn.com/hong-kongs-snake-soup-kings-604901 "Hong Kong’s snake soup kings"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200127183035/http://travel.cnn.com/hong-kongs-snake-soup-kings-604901/ |date=2020-01-27 }} Ramy Inocencio, CNN Travel (2013).</ref> <ref name="kabir">[http://seattletimes.com/html/travel/2008889072_trhongkong22.html Slurping snake soup in Hong Kong], ''Seattle Times'', Kabir Chibber (2009).</ref> Sup ula biasane disedhiyakake ing toko khusus sing dikenal kanthi jeneng "Snake King" utawa "Shea Wang" (tegese harfiah: ahli masak ula), umume ana ing Shum Shui Po lan Kowloon City, ing musim gugur utawa musim salju udakara $ 60 HKD ( US $ 7,75) saben mangkuk. Asal pirang-pirang abad kepungkur sajrone Era of Warring States, sup ula wis dipuji ing budaya Tiongkok amarga dinuga entuk mupangat obat lan nutrisi sing akeh. Nanging, ana kuatir ing taun-taun pungkasan iki manawa industri sup ula ing Hong Kong saya mudhun amarga produsen sup ora duwe sawetara wong sing bisa nuduhake katrampilane. <ref name="bbc2013">Pak, Jennifer [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-21310962 "Last orders for Hong Kong's snake soup?"] BBC (2013).</ref> == Rujukan == [[Kategori:Artikel ngandhut tulisan abasa Cina]] 5pfdy7526vzzkkxdrq2u8vioc1r7s3p 0 172551 1752229 1715238 2026-08-04T06:53:23Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1752229 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox food|name=Mashed carrots|image=File:Smiling carrot.jpg|image_size=300px|caption=|alternate_name=|country=|region=|creator=|course=[[Side dish]]|type=|served=Hot|main_ingredient=Carrots|variations=|calories=|other=}}'''Wortel tumbuk''' minangka salah sawijining olahan sing disiyapake kanthi cara masak banjur matroti wortel. Susu, mentega, uyah lan mrico umume dicampur sawise wortel ditumbuk. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.grimmway.com/carrots/recipe/mashed-carrots/|title=Mashed Carrots « Grimmway Farms|website=www.grimmway.com|access-date=2019-05-25|archive-date=2019-05-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190525183113/http://www.grimmway.com/carrots/recipe/mashed-carrots/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Wortel uga bisa dipanggang ing [[oven]] sadurunge diiris. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.foodandwine.com/recipes/caramelized-carrot-mash|title=Caramelized Carrot Mash|website=Food & Wine|language=en|access-date=2019-04-20}}</ref> <ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=https://www.irishamericanmom.com/carrot-and-parsnip-mash/|title=Carrot And Parsnip Mash|last=Carrot and Parsnip Mash {{!}} Sheila's Kitchen says|website=Irish American Mom|language=en-US|access-date=2019-04-21}}</ref> jangan tumbuk liyane bisa uga ditambahake ing wortel sing wis ditumbuk. Iki kalebu bawang, parsnips, turnip, squash, lan rutabaga . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tasteofhome.com/recipes/mashed-carrots-and-turnips/|title=Mashed Carrots and Turnips|website=Taste of Home|language=en-US|access-date=2019-04-20}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://paleoleap.com/carrots-rutabaga-mash/|title=Carrots and Rutabaga Mash {{!}} Paleo Leap|date=2013-12-21|website=Paleo Leap {{!}} Paleo diet Recipes & Tips|language=en-US|access-date=2019-04-20}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://food52.com/recipes/9749-savory-carrot-mash|title=Savory Carrot Mash Recipe on Food52|website=Food52|language=en-us|access-date=2019-04-21}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.epicurious.com/recipes/member/views/jump-up-and-down-mashed-carrots-and-squash-1208242|title=Jump Up and Down Mashed Carrots and Squash|website=Epicurious|language=en|access-date=2019-04-24|archive-date=2019-04-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190424173109/https://www.epicurious.com/recipes/member/views/jump-up-and-down-mashed-carrots-and-squash-1208242|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Kenthang uleg|Kentang tumbuk]] bisa uga ditumbuk karo wortel tumbuk. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.healthylittlefoodies.com/potato-and-carrot-mash/|title=Potato and Carrot Mash|date=2018-08-06|website=Healthy Little Foodies|language=en-US|access-date=2019-05-25}}</ref> == Referensi == [[Kategori:Olah-olahan]] o8q126ll50tlx536sh1oaznce0048cq 0 173988 1752213 1541325 2026-08-04T00:58:26Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1752213 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox food|name=Spam musubi|image=[[File:Homemade Spam Musubi.jpg|240px|A plate of freshly made Spam musubi.]]|caption=Spam ''musubi'' made from Spam and rice|alternate_name=|country=[[United States]]|region=[[Hawaii]]|course=[[Snack]]|served=Hot or cold|main_ingredient=[[Spam (food)|Spam]], [[rice]], [[nori]], [[soy sauce]]|variations=|calories=|other=}} [[Barkas:Spam_musubi_at_Ninja_Sushi.jpg|jmpl| Musubi spam umume didol ing toko sing dikemas ing kothak plastik.]] '''Spam musubi''' minangka salah sawijining olahan jinis panganan cemilan lan nedha awan sing populer digawe saka irisan roti panggang Spam sing dipasang ing antarane utawa ing ndhuwur blok [[Pantun|beras]], dibungkus karo [[nori]] ing tradhisi ''[[Onigiri|omusubi]]'' Jepang. Spam musubi sing murah lan bisa dibukak, umume ditemokake ing cedhak pendaptaran awis ing [[Minimarket|toko-toko]] utawa [[Minimarket|toko]] -toko pop ing saindenging Hawaii. Olahan iki bisa digawe kanthi bahan sing pas, lan umume mung nggunakake spam, beras, uyah, nori lan shoyu (kecap). Ing Hawaii, musubi digawe saka spam krasan digawe ing nampan katering ing acara resmi dening koki selebriti kayata Alan Wong ing restoran eksklusif. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://thefoodpornographer.com/2015/11/the-land-of-spam/|title=The Land of SPAM|last=Chew|first=Cynthia|website=The Food Pornographer|access-date=2020-11-29|archive-date=2020-12-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201208110251/http://thefoodpornographer.com/2015/11/the-land-of-spam/|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Barkas:Spam_and_egg_musubi.jpg|jmpl| Spam musubi nganggo endhog.]] == Referensi == g7m5aiymtn29twrb6mw6vfh3p3x26kf 0 176298 1752224 1713470 2026-08-04T05:12:22Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1752224 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Barkas:VanillaExtract.png|jmpl| Ekstrak vanili ing botol kaca sing bening]] '''Ekstrak vanilla''' minangka solusi sing digawe dening [[Vanila|polong vanila]] macerating lan percolating ing larutan [[Étanol|etanol]] lan [[banyu]] . Iki dianggep minangka bahan penting ing panganan cuci mulut Kulon, utamane panganan panggang kayata kue, cookie, brownies, lan cupcakes, uga wadhuk, krim es, lan puding. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.saveur.com/how-vanilla-took-over-the-world|title=How vanilla became the world's favorite flavor|last=Lior Lev Sercarz|date=3 October 2016|publisher=Saveur|access-date=9 February 2018}}</ref> Sanajan [[Rasa|senyawa rasa]] utamane yaiku vanillin, ekstrak vanilla murni ngemot pirang-pirang atus senyawa rasa tambahan, sing tanggung jawab kanggo rasa sing kompleks lan jero. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://sitn.hms.harvard.edu/flash/2015/the-flavor-rundown-natural-vs-artificial-flavors/|title=The Flavor Rundown: Natural vs. Artificial Flavors|last=C. Rose Kennedy|date=2017|publisher=Harvard University|access-date=9 February 2018|archive-date=2 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161202173544/http://sitn.hms.harvard.edu/flash/2015/the-flavor-rundown-natural-vs-artificial-flavors/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Bedane, rasa vanila buatan mung digawe saka vanillin sing digawe kanthi artifisial, sing asring digawe saka produk sampingan industri pulp kayu. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.foodsafetymagazine.com/signature-series/rapid-differentiation-between-natural-and-artificial-vanilla-flavorings-for-determining-food-fraud/|title=Rapid Differentiation between Natural and Artificial Vanilla Flavorings for Determining Food Fraud|date=2013-04-23|website=Food Safety Magazine|access-date=2020-11-03|archive-date=2021-01-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118105955/https://www.foodsafetymagazine.com/signature-series/rapid-differentiation-between-natural-and-artificial-vanilla-flavorings-for-determining-food-fraud/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Amarga cara ngasilake ekstrak vanila (yaiku kanthi macerating kacang vanilla coklat alami ing alkohol), ora ana cara sing bisa ora ana warna utawa bening. Mula, apa wae rasa vanilla sing bening iku gawean. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bakingbites.com/2014/04/what-is-clear-vanilla/|title=What is clear vanilla?|date=2014-04-22|website=Baking Bites|language=en-US|access-date=2020-11-03}}</ref> Ekstrak vanilla minangka bentuk vanila sing paling umum digunakake saiki. Kacang vanilla [[Madagaskar]], [[Mèksiko|Meksiko]], [[Tahiti|Tahitian]], [[Indonésia|Indonesia]], lan [[Uganda]] [[Vanila|minangka varietas]] utama sing digunakake saiki. Istilah "vanilla Bourbon" nuduhake bukti kacang buncis vanilla saka Kepulauan Bourbon, umume [[Madagaskar]] nanging uga [[Mauritius]] lan [[Réunion]] . Jeneng kasebut asale saka jaman nalika pulau [[Réunion]] dipimpin dening [[raja Bourbon]] ing Prancis lan ora ana [[Wiski Bourbon|gandhengane karo wiski Bourbon]] . == Referensi == os6ia2non6vnbqrwxtsw4ucn3lp7hh3 0 178159 1752172 1561788 2026-08-03T13:26:59Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1752172 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Barkas:Mutton_bbq.jpg|jmpl| Penjual chuan ing Xinjiang]] '''Chuan''' ( Chinese , Dungan , [[Hanyu Pinyin|Pinyin]] : chuàn, " ''kebab'' "; {{Lang-ug|كاۋاپ}} , кавап, " ''kawap'' "), utamane ing sisih lor-wétan China diarani '''chuan'r''' ( Chinese ), minangka salah sawijining jinis olahan arupa potongan [[Daging|daging cilik sing dienggo]] ing [[Sunduk saté|tusuk sate]] . Chuan asale saka wilayah [[Xinjiang]] [[Républik Rakyat Cina|China]] . Wis nyebar ing saindenging negara, utamane ing [[Beijing]], Tianjin, Jinan lan [[Jilin]], sing dadi [[Panganan pinggir dalan|panganan jalanan sing]] populer. Iki minangka produk saka masakan Islam Tionghoa saka masarakat [[Wong Uighur|Uyghur]] lan Muslim Cina liyane. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://travel.cnn.com/explorations/eat/asia-street-food-cities-612721|title=Asia's 10 greatest street food cities|last=Goldberg|first=Lina|date=22 February 2013|work=CNN Travel|access-date=24 February 2013|archive-date=26 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181026191601/http://travel.cnn.com/explorations/eat/asia-street-food-cities-612721/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ringkesan == Chuan (pocapan "chwan") minangka potongan [[Daging|daging cilik sing dienggo]] ing [[Sunduk saté|tusuk tusuk]] [[areng]] utawa kadang panas listrik. Uga dimasak kanthi cara nggoreng minyak (populer ing Beijing). Bisa diklasifikasikake minangka jinis [[kebab]] .  Chuan biasane digawe saka [[daging domba]] ( ''yu ròu chuàn'', 羊肉 串, daging daging domba), <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sfchronicle.com/restaurants/article/The-Chinese-street-food-that-s-showing-up-in-6511512.php|title=The Chinese street food that's showing up in local restaurants|last=Kauffman, Jonathan|date=September 14, 2015|website=San Francisco Chronicle.com|access-date=August 21, 2019}}</ref> sing isih kalebu jinis sing paling umum, nanging saiki, [[Iwak pitik|daging pitik]], [[daging babi]], [[Pérangan daging sapi|daging sapi]] lan macem-macem jinis [[Tetedhan seganten|panganan laut]] uga bisa digunakake. Utamane ing wilayah wisata, chuan bisa digawe kanthi macem-macem serangga, kewan omo, manuk lan kewan eksotik liyane. Umume, chuan bisa dibumboni miturut pilihan, nanging umume wiji [[Jinten putih|cumin]], serpihan mrica abang [[Uyah|garing, uyah]], [[Mrica|mrica ireng]] lan [[Wijèn|minyak wijen]] utawa [[Lenga wijén|wijen]] ditaburi utawa disikat. Inkarnasi liyane sing populer yaiku ''[[mantou]] chuan'' utawa "steamed bun chuan"; umume disapu nganggo [[Saos tianmian|saus kacang manis]] (甜面酱, aja nganti dicampur karo [[Pasta kacang abang|pasta kacang abang sing]] manis) lan rasane dadi foil kanggo chuan daging sing asring pedhes.Ing Tianjin lan Jinan, chuan asring disajikake karo roti bunder cilik (馅饼, xiàn bǐng ), uga dibakar nganggo rempah-rempah sing padha. Xiàn bǐng kanthi teknis tegese "pie" utawa "roti isi". Sawise mateng roti lan daging, roti dipisah lan daging chuan diiseni ing njero, banjur dipangan bareng. Ing Tianjin lan Jinan, chuan asring disajikake karo roti bunder cilik (馅饼, ''xiàn bǐng'' ), uga dibakar nganggo rempah-rempah sing padha. ''Xiàn bǐng kanthi'' teknis tegese "pie" utawa "roti isi". Sawise mateng roti lan daging, roti dipisah lan daging chuan diiseni ing njero, banjur dipangan bareng. == Deleng uga == * [[Arrosticini]] * [[Sunduk saté|Brochette]] * [[Kebab]] * [[Kkochi]] * [[Kushiyaki]] * [[Nèm nướng|Ora bisa]] * [[Saté|Satate]] * [[Shashlik]] == Referensi == [[Kategori:Artikel ngandhut tulisan abasa Cina]] lgnlk72elsii2jw0a4e09mxana7wf4r 0 182013 1752232 1652242 2026-08-04T07:32:54Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1752232 wikitext text/x-wiki {{dwiaksara-jv|Gamelan Jawa}} [[Gambar:Traditional indonesian instruments02.jpg|thumb|right|250px|ꦥꦶꦫꦤ꧀ꦠꦶ ꦒꦩꦼꦭ꧀ꦭꦤ꧀ꦗꦮ]] '''ꦒꦩꦼꦭ꧀ꦭꦤ꧀ꦗꦮ''' (ꦭꦠꦶꦤ꧀: Gamelan Jawa) ꦲꦶꦏꦸ ꦗꦶꦤꦶꦱ꧀ ꦲꦸꦠꦮ ꦕꦺꦴꦫꦏ꧀ [[gamelan|ꦒꦩꦼꦭ꧀ꦭꦤ꧀]] ꦏꦁ ꦲꦸꦫꦶꦥ꧀ ꦲꦶꦁ [[Jawa Tengah|ꦗꦮ ꦠꦼꦔꦃ]] (ꦲꦸꦒ [[Yogyakarta|ꦔꦪꦺꦴꦒꦾꦏꦂꦠ]]) ꦭꦤ꧀ ꦱꦥꦺꦫꦁꦔꦤ꧀ [[Jawa Wétan|ꦗꦮ ꦮꦺꦠꦤ꧀]]. ꦩꦸꦱꦶꦏ꧀ [[Jawa|ꦒꦩꦼꦭ꧀ꦭꦤ꧀ꦗꦮ]] ꦲꦶꦏꦶ ꦧꦺꦢ ꦏꦫꦺꦴ ꦩꦸꦱꦶꦏ꧀ ꦒꦩꦼꦭ꧀ꦭꦤ꧀ ꦱꦏ ꦭꦭꦢ꧀ꦢꦤ꧀ ꦭꦶꦪ, ꦪꦺꦤ꧀ ꦩꦸꦱꦶꦏ꧀ [[Jawa|ꦒꦩꦼꦭ꧀ꦭꦤ꧀ꦗꦮ]] ꦭꦸꦩꦿꦃꦲꦺ ꦢꦸꦮꦺ ꦤꦣ ꦭꦸꦮꦶꦃ ꦊꦩ꧀ꦧꦸꦠ꧀ ꦭꦤ꧀ ꦔꦁꦒꦺꦴ ꦭꦪ ꦭꦸꦮꦶꦃ ꦲꦭꦺꦴꦤ꧀, ꦧꦺꦢ ꦏꦫꦺꦴ ꦩꦸꦱꦶꦏ꧀ [[gamelan Bali|ꦒꦩꦼꦭ꧀ꦭꦤ꧀ ꦧꦭꦶ]] ꦏꦁ ꦭꦪꦤꦺ ꦭꦸꦮꦶꦃ ꦫꦶꦏꦠ꧀, ꦲꦸꦒ [[gamelan Sundha|ꦒꦩꦼꦭ꧀ꦭꦤ꧀ ꦱꦸꦤ꧀ꦝ]] ꦏꦁ ꦫꦱ ꦩꦸꦱꦶꦏ꧀ꦏꦺ "ꦔ꧀ꦭꦫꦱ꧀" ꦧꦔꦼꦠ꧀ (ꦩꦼꦤ꧀ꦝꦪꦸ ꦣꦪꦸ) ꦭꦤ꧀ ''ꦢꦶꦣꦺꦴꦩꦶꦤꦱꦶ'' ꦱ꧀ꦮꦫ [[suling|ꦱꦸꦭꦶꦁ]]. == ꦲꦱꦭ꧀ꦲꦸꦱꦸꦭ꧀ꦗꦼꦤꦼꦁꦔꦺꦒꦩꦼꦭ꧀ꦭꦤ꧀ == ꦒꦩꦼꦭ꧀ꦭꦤ꧀ ꦲꦱꦭ꧀ ꦠꦼꦩ꧀ꦧꦸꦁꦔꦺ ꦱꦏ ꦠꦼꦩ꧀ꦧꦸꦁ ꦭꦶꦁꦒ "ꦒꦩꦺꦭ꧀" ꦭꦤ꧀ ꦥꦤꦩ꧀ꦧꦁ "-ꦲꦤ꧀". ꦒꦩꦺꦭ꧀ ꦠꦼꦒꦼꦱ꧀ꦱꦺ "ꦤꦸꦛꦸꦏ꧀" ꦲꦸꦠꦮ "ꦤꦧꦸꦃ" ꦢꦶꦠꦩ꧀ꦧꦃ ꦥꦤꦩ꧀ꦧꦁ "-ꦲꦤ꧀" ꦢꦢꦶ ꦏꦸꦫꦁ ꦭꦸꦮꦶꦃ ꦠꦼꦒꦼꦱ꧀ꦱꦺ "ꦏꦁ ꦢꦶꦛꦸꦛꦸꦏ꧀" ꦲꦸꦠꦮ "ꦏꦁ ꦢꦶꦠꦧꦸꦃ". ꦢꦢꦶ ꦒꦩꦼꦭ꧀ꦭꦤ꧀ ꦪ ꦲꦶꦏꦸ ꦱꦭꦃ ꦱꦶꦗꦶꦤꦶꦁ ꦥꦏꦂꦪꦤ꧀ ꦤꦧꦸꦃ ꦏꦁ ꦢꦶꦭꦏꦺꦴꦏ꧀ꦏꦏꦺ ꦮꦺꦴꦁ ꦗꦩꦤ꧀ ꦧꦶꦪꦺꦤ꧀ ꦧꦚ꧀ꦗꦸꦂ ꦢꦢꦶ ꦤꦩ ꦲꦭꦠ꧀ ꦩꦸꦱꦶꦏ꧀ ꦏꦁ ꦢꦶꦲꦺꦴꦤꦺꦏ꧀ꦏꦏꦺ ꦧꦼꦧꦉꦁꦔꦤ꧀ ꦱꦲꦶꦁꦒ ꦔꦱꦶꦭ꧀ꦭꦏꦺ ꦲꦸꦤꦶ ꦩꦸꦱꦶꦏ꧀ ꦏꦁ ꦥꦱ꧀ ꦭꦤ꧀ ꦩꦼꦂꦣꦸ. == ꦤꦺꦴꦠꦱꦶ == [[Gambar:Gamelan Laras Slendro Si Ketuyung Keraton Kasepuhan.jpg|thumb|right|205px|ꦒꦩꦼꦭ꧀ꦭꦤ꧀ ꦭꦫꦱ꧀ ꦱ꧀ꦭꦺꦤ꧀ꦢꦿꦺꦴ ꦱꦶ ꦏꦼꦠꦸꦪꦸꦁ, ꦏꦿꦠꦺꦴꦤ꧀ ꦏꦱꦼꦥꦸꦃꦲꦤ꧀, ꦕꦶꦉꦧꦺꦴꦤ꧀]] ꦒꦩꦼꦭ꧀ꦭꦤ꧀ꦗꦮ ꦲꦶꦏꦸ ꦢꦸꦮꦺ ꦤꦣ-ꦤꦣ ꦥꦺꦤ꧀ꦠꦠꦺꦴꦤꦶꦱ꧀. ꦒꦩꦼꦭ꧀ꦭꦤ꧀ꦗꦮ ꦲꦶꦏꦸ ꦢꦸꦮꦺ 2 [[laras|ꦭꦫꦱ꧀]] ꦪ ꦲꦶꦏꦸ: * ꦭꦫꦱ꧀ [[Sléndro|ꦱ꧀ꦭꦺꦤ꧀ꦢꦿꦺꦴ]] ꦏꦁ ꦢꦸꦮꦺ ꦲꦸꦫꦸꦠ꧀ꦠꦤ꧀ ''ꦤꦣ-ꦤꦣ'' 1 2 3 5 6 1 * ꦭꦫꦱ꧀ [[Pélog|ꦥꦺꦭꦺꦴꦒ꧀]] ꦏꦁ ꦢꦸꦮꦺ ꦲꦸꦫꦸꦠ꧀ꦠꦤ꧀ ''ꦤꦣ-ꦤꦣ'' 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 == ꦲꦠꦸꦂꦫꦤ꧀ == ꦒꦩꦼꦭ꧀ꦭꦤ꧀ꦗꦮ ꦢꦸꦮꦺ ꦲꦠꦸꦂꦫꦤ꧀-ꦲꦠꦸꦂꦫꦤ꧀ ꦏꦁ ꦮꦶꦱ꧀ ꦥꦏꦼꦩ꧀, ꦲꦤ꧀ꦠꦫꦤꦺ ꦏꦠꦠ ꦱꦏ ꦥꦶꦫꦁ-ꦥꦶꦫꦁ ꦫꦩ꧀ꦧꦃꦲꦤ꧀ (ꦥꦸꦠꦼꦂꦫꦤ꧀) ꦭꦤ꧀ [[pathet|ꦥꦛꦼꦠ꧀]] ꦲꦸꦠꦮ ꦗꦼꦫꦺꦴ ꦕꦼꦛꦺꦏ꧀ꦏꦶꦁ ꦱ꧀ꦮꦫ, ꦲꦸꦒ ꦲꦤ ꦲꦠꦸꦂꦫꦤ꧀ [[sampak|ꦱꦩ꧀ꦥꦏ꧀]] ꦲꦸꦠꦮ ꦫꦶꦏꦠ꧀-ꦉꦤ꧀ꦝꦼꦠ꧀ꦠꦺ ꦭꦏꦸ ꦏꦁ ꦮꦶꦱ꧀ ꦥꦏꦼꦩ꧀, ꦲꦸꦒ ꦲꦤ ꦧꦠꦼꦱ꧀ꦱꦤ꧀-ꦧꦠꦼꦱ꧀ꦱꦤ꧀ [[gongan|ꦒꦺꦴꦁꦔꦤ꧀]] ꦭꦤ꧀ ꦩꦺꦭꦺꦴꦣꦶꦤꦺ ꦮꦶꦱ꧀ ꦢꦶꦲꦠꦸꦂ ꦤꦶꦁ ꦥꦺꦫꦁꦔꦤ꧀-ꦥꦺꦫꦁꦔꦤ꧀ ꦏꦁ ꦱꦧꦼꦤ꧀-ꦱꦧꦼꦤ꧀ ꦏꦠꦠ ꦱꦏ 4 ꦤꦣ (ꦒꦠꦿ). ꦱꦧꦼꦤ꧀-ꦱꦧꦼꦤ꧀ ꦥꦶꦫꦤ꧀ꦠꦶ ꦢꦸꦮꦺ ꦥ꦳ꦸꦁꦱꦶ ꦣꦺꦮꦺ-ꦣꦺꦮꦺ; * ꦮꦺꦴꦁ ꦏꦁ ꦤꦸꦤ꧀ꦠꦸꦤ꧀ ꦱ꧀ꦮꦫ ꦪ ꦲꦶꦏꦸ ꦉꦧꦧ꧀ * ꦮꦺꦴꦁ ꦏꦁ ꦤꦸꦤ꧀ꦠꦸꦤ꧀ ꦲꦶꦫꦩ ꦢꦶꦲꦫꦤ꧀ꦤꦶ ꦏꦼꦤ꧀ꦝꦁ * ꦲꦫꦤ꧀ꦤꦺ ꦗꦸꦫꦸ ꦩꦲꦶꦤ꧀ ꦏꦁ ꦤꦧꦸꦃ ꦒꦩꦼꦭ꧀ꦭꦤ꧀ ꦲꦶꦏꦸ ꦥꦼꦁꦫꦮꦶꦠ꧀, [[penayagan|ꦥꦼꦤꦪꦒ꧀ꦒꦤ꧀]] ꦲꦸꦠꦮ [[nayaga|ꦤꦪꦒ]] ꦲꦸꦠꦮ ꦮꦶꦪꦺꦴꦒ * ꦮꦺꦴꦁ ꦏꦁ ꦤꦼꦩ꧀ꦧꦁ ꦥꦿꦶꦪ ꦲꦫꦤ꧀ꦤꦺ ꦮꦶꦫ-ꦱ꧀ꦮꦫ * ꦮꦺꦴꦁ ꦏꦁ ꦮꦤꦶꦠ ꦲꦫꦤ꧀ꦤꦺ [[pesindhèn|ꦥꦼꦱꦶꦤ꧀ꦝꦺꦤ꧀]] ꦲꦸꦠꦮ ꦱ꧀ꦮꦫ ꦮꦠꦶ. == ꦗꦶꦤꦶꦱ꧀ == * ꦒꦩꦼꦭ꧀ꦭꦤ꧀ ꦏꦚ꧀ꦕꦶꦭ꧀ ꦧꦼꦭꦶꦏ꧀ *[[Gamelan Kodhok ngorek|ꦒꦩꦼꦭ꧀ꦭꦤ꧀ ꦏꦺꦴꦣꦺꦴꦏ꧀ ꦔꦺꦴꦫꦺꦏ꧀]] * [[Gamelan Monggang|ꦒꦩꦼꦭ꧀ꦭꦤ꧀ ꦩꦺꦴꦁꦒꦁ]] * [[Gamelan Sekatèn|ꦒꦩꦼꦭ꧀ꦭꦤ꧀ ꦱꦼꦏꦠꦺꦤ꧀]] * [[Gamelan klasik|ꦒꦩꦼꦭ꧀ꦭꦤ꧀ ꦏ꧀ꦭꦱꦶꦏ꧀]] * [[Gamelan Gadhon|ꦒꦩꦼꦭ꧀ꦭꦤ꧀ ꦒꦣꦺꦴꦤ꧀]] * [[Gamelan Siteran|ꦒꦩꦼꦭ꧀ꦭꦤ꧀ ꦱꦶꦠꦼꦂꦫꦤ꧀]] * [[Gamelan Mangkunagaran|ꦒꦩꦼꦭ꧀ꦭꦤ꧀ ꦩꦁꦏꦸꦤꦼꦒꦫꦤ꧀]] * [[Gamelan Pakualaman|ꦒꦩꦼꦭ꧀ꦭꦤ꧀ ꦥꦏꦸꦄꦭꦩ꧀ꦩꦤ꧀]] * [[Gamelan Surakarta|ꦒꦩꦼꦭ꧀ꦭꦤ꧀ ꦱꦸꦫꦏꦂꦠ]] * [[Gamelan Yogyakarta|ꦒꦩꦼꦭ꧀ꦭꦤ꧀ ꦔꦪꦺꦴꦒꦾꦏꦂꦠ]] * [[Gamelan Banyumasan|ꦒꦩꦼꦭ꧀ꦭꦤ꧀ ꦧꦚꦸꦩꦱ꧀ꦱꦤ꧀]] == ꦲꦸꦒ ꦢꦼꦊꦁꦔꦼꦤ꧀ == * [[Piranti gamelan Jawa|ꦥꦶꦫꦤ꧀ꦠꦶ ꦒꦩꦼꦭ꧀ꦭꦤ꧀ꦗꦮ]] * [[Gongan|ꦒꦺꦴꦁꦔꦤ꧀]] * [[Balungan|ꦧꦭꦸꦁꦔꦤ꧀]] * [[Panerusan|ꦥꦤꦼꦫꦸꦱ꧀ꦱꦤ꧀]] == ꦥꦿꦤꦭ ꦚ꧀ꦗꦧ == * [http://www.si.umich.edu/CHICO/gamelan/gamelanVT7.html Instruments of the gamelan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080513214249/http://www.si.umich.edu/CHICO/gamelan/gamelanVT7.html |date=2008-05-13 }}, ꦆꦤ꧀ꦱꦼꦠꦿꦸꦩꦺꦤ꧀ꦤꦺ ꦒꦩꦼꦭ꧀ꦭꦤ꧀ * [http://muse.calarts.edu/~drummond/gendhing.html Gendhing Jawa] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080518193644/http://muse.calarts.edu/~drummond/gendhing.html |date=2008-05-18 }}, ꦤꦺꦴꦠꦱꦶ ꦒꦩꦼꦭ꧀ꦭꦤ꧀ ꦒꦪ ꦱꦸꦫꦏꦂꦠ. * [http://www.monkeyc.org/play.html Mongkeyc], ꦢꦺꦴꦭꦤ꧀ꦤꦤ꧀ ꦒꦩꦼꦭ꧀ꦭꦤ꧀ ꦲꦶꦁ ꦗꦒꦢ꧀ ꦩꦪ. * [http://www.yogyes.com/id/yogyakarta-cultural-performance/gamelan-show/ Gamelan, Orkestra a la Jawa] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326082512/http://www.yogyes.com/id/yogyakarta%2Dcultural%2Dperformance/gamelan%2Dshow/ |date=2010-03-26 }}, ꦒꦩꦼꦭ꧀ꦭꦤ꧀, ꦎꦂꦏꦺꦱ꧀ꦠꦿꦤꦺ ꦗꦮ {{Piranti gamelan Jawa}} [[Kategori:Kesenian Jawa]] [[Kategori:Seni tradhisional saking Jawa]] [[Kategori:Gamelan]] [[Kategori:Gamelan Jawa]] [[Kategori:ꦲꦏ꧀ꦱꦫꦗꦮ]] {{stub}} 4f729sv1q42mng295ftt17tqk45mxl8 0 183712 1752221 1732139 2026-08-04T03:24:57Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1752221 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Chinese |t = {{linktext|中華|臺北}} utawa<br />{{linktext|中華|台北}} |s = {{linktext|中华|台北}} |bpmf = ㄓㄨㄥ ㄏㄨㄚˊㄊㄞˊㄅㄟˇ |w = Chung¹-hua² T'ai²-pei³ |p = Zhōnghuá Táiběi |tp = Jhonghuá Táiběi |mps = Jūnghuá Táiběi |gr = Jonghwa Tairbeei |poj = Tiong-hôa Tâi-pak |tl = Tiong-hûa Tâi-pak |h = Chûng-fà Thòi-pet |buc = Dṳ̆ng-huà Dài-báe̤k |altname = Wilayah Pabean Terpisah<br />Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, lan Matsu |t2 = {{linktext|臺|澎|金|馬|個|別|關|稅|領|域}} |s2 = {{linktext|台|澎|金|马|个|别|关|税|领|域}} |bpmf2 = ㄊㄞˊㄆㄥˊㄐㄧㄣ ㄇㄚˇㄍㄜˋㄅㄧㄝˊㄍㄨㄢ ㄕㄨㄟˋㄌㄧㄥˇㄩˋ |w2 = T'ai² Peng² Chin¹ Ma³ Ke⁴-pieh² Kuan¹-shui⁴ Ling³-yü⁴ |p2 = Tái Péng Jīn Mǎ Gèbié Guānshuì Lǐngyù |tp2 = Tái Péng Jin Mǎ Gèbié Guanshuèi Lǐngyù |mps2 = Tái Péng Jīn Mǎ Gèbié Guānshuèi Lǐngyù |gr2 = Tair Perng Jin Maa Gehbye Guanshuey Liingyuh |poj2 = Tâi-phêⁿ-Kim-bé Kò-piàt Koan-sòe Léng-hèk |tl2 = Tâi-phêⁿ-Kim-bé Kò-piàt Kuan-sùe Líng-hìk }} {{contains Chinese text}} [[Barkas:Flag_of_Chinese_Taipei_for_Olympic_games.svg|300px|ka|jmpl|Gendera [[Olimpiade]] Tionghoa Taipei]] '''Tionghoa Taipei''' (utawa '''Chinese Taipei''',<ref>http://www.tribunnews.com/sport/2015/06/12/rizki-amelia-pradipta-kembali-huni-pelatnas-bulu{{Pranala mati|date=Mei 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} tangkis-cipayung</ref> utawa '''Cina Taipei''',<ref>http://www.antaranews.com/berita/499605/tujuh-dampak-sanksi-fifa-bagi-indonesia</ref> utawa '''Taipei Tionghoa''' ([[Hanzi tradisional]]: 中華臺北; [[Hanzi Sederhana]]: 中华台北; [[Hanyu Pinyin]]: Zhōnghuá Táiběi; [[Tongyong Pinyin]]: Jhonghua Táiběi; [[Basa Inggris]]: ''Chinese Taipei'') yaiku jeneng sing ditujukake karo '''[[Republik Tiongkok]]''' (diarani uga "Taiwan") ing sabagean gedhe organisasi ulahraga internasional amargi anane tekanan diplomasi saka [[Republik Rakyat Tiongkok]] (RRT). Ing ngisor tekanan "[[Kebijakan Siji Tiongkok]]", komunitas internasional nulak migunani jeneng ''"Republik Tiongkok"'', ''"Republik Tiongkok (Taiwan)"'', utawa ''"Taiwan"'' kanggo ngehindari pemahaman nek [[Republik Tiongkok|Republik Tiongkok (Taiwan)]] lan [[Republik Rakyat Tiongkok]] minangka loro nagara sing kepisah nalika melu ing organisasi internasional. == Cathetan == {{reflist}} == Pranala jaba == * {{en}} {{zh}}[http://www.tpenoc.net Komite Olimpiade Tionghoa Taipei] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201042732/http://www.tpenoc.net/?page_id=8718 |date=2017-12-01 }} - situs resmi * Ketik "TPE" pada situs jadwal penerbangan di bawah untuk melihat rujukan "Taipei, Chinese Taipei": ** {{en}} [http://timetables.oag.com/sfo Jadwal Penerbangan Bandara Udara Internasional San Fransisco] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070609112717/http://timetables.oag.com/sfo/ |date=2007-06-09 }} ** {{en}} [http://timetables.oag.com/lax Jadwal Penerabangan Bandara Udara Internasional Los Angeles] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070829172659/http://timetables.oag.com/lax/ |date=2007-08-29 }} * Artikel-artikel PBB mengenai rujukan untuk Taiwan ** {{en}} [http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/1999/09/25/3912 Artikel dari ''Taipei Times'' atas reaksi Sekretaris Jendral PBB terhadap bencana gempa bumi 9-21 di Taiwan] ** {{en}} [http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/1999/19990921.ga9599.html Majelis Umum PBB Mengekspresikan Rasa Simpati terhadap Pemerintah dan Rakyat Tiongkok atas Bencana Gempa Bumi yang menimpa Provinsi Taiwan] * Informasi mengenai ''Japan Asia Airways'', sebuah anak perusahaan ''Japan Airlines'' yang didirikan agar tidak menyinggung Beizing ** {{ja}} [http://www.japanasia.co.jp/ Japan Asia Airways (Situs resmi)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040923015719/http://www.japanasia.co.jp/ |date=2004-09-23 }} ** {{en}} [http://www.timetableimages.com/ttimages/eg1.htm Latar Belakang] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220306095329/http://www.timetableimages.com/ttimages/eg1.htm |date=2022-03-06 }} * {{en}} [http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2003/10/09/2003070968 Surat Ijin Tinggal Swiss merujuk kewarganegaraan ROC sebagai "Tionghoa Taipei"] [[Kategori:Republik Tiongkok]] 563y2myd4w16uyuemwunc4bg9soz2r1 0 184211 1752188 1634681 2026-08-03T20:51:11Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1752188 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Mia Mottley | image = 2019 Mia Mottley (cropped).jpg | office = [[Mahamantri Barbados]] | monarch = [[Elizabeth II]] (nganti 2021) | president = Sandra Mason (saka 2021) | governor_general = [[Sandra Mason]] (nganti 2021) | term_start = 25 Mei 2018 | term_end = | predecessor = [[Freundel Stuart]] | successor = | residence = [[Ilaro Court]] | office1 = Pimpinan Oposisi | primeminister1 = [[Freundel Stuart]] | term_start1 = 26 Februari 2013 | term_end1 = 25 Mei 2018 | predecessor1 = [[Owen Arthur]] | successor1 = [[Joseph Atherley]]<ref name="atherby">{{cite news |title=Bishop Atherley now Leader of the Opposition {{!}} Barbados Advocate |url=https://www.barbadosadvocate.com/news/bishop-atherley-now-leader-opposition |accessdate=9 Oktober 2018 |work=www.barbadosadvocate.com |date=2 Juni 2018 |language=en |archive-date=2021-08-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210825165620/https://www.barbadosadvocate.com/news/bishop-atherley-now-leader-opposition |url-status=dead }}</ref> | primeminister2 = [[David Thompson]] | term_start2 = 7 Februari 2008 | term_end2 = 18 Oktober 2010 | predecessor2 = [[David Thompson]] | successor2 = [[Owen Arthur]] | office3 = [[Parlemen Barbados|Anggota Parlemen]]<br>kanggo dapil [[Saint Michael, Barbados|Saint Michael]] Wetan Lor | term_start3 = 6 September 1994 | term_end3 = | predecessor3 = Leroy Brathwaite | successor3 = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1965|10|1|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Barbados]] | death_date = | death_place = | party = [[Parte Buruh Barbados]] | alma_mater = [[London School of Economics]] }} '''Mia Amor Mottley''' ({{lahirmati||1|10|1965}}) yaiku [[pulitikus]] lan [[pengacara]] [[Barbados]] sing saiki ngejabat minangka [[Mahamantri Barbados]] lan pimpinan [[Parte Buruh Barbados]] (BLP). Mottley menika wadon kapisan sing megang jabatan minangka mahamantri ing nagara kasebut. == Referensi == {{Reflist|30em}} == Pranala jaba == *[https://web.archive.org/web/20080127045458/http://www.nationnews.com/life/290826489628257.php "Mia's rich political heritage"], ''The Nation'' (23 Januari 2008). *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100725222321/http://barbadosparliament.com/opposition_Leader.php Barbados Parliament Opposition Leader], barbadosparliament.com (2008). {{S-start}} {{S-off}} {{s-bef|before=[[Freundel Stuart]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Mahamantri Barbados]]|years=2018–saiki}} {{s-inc}} {{S-end}} {{Mahamantri Barbados}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Mottley, Mia}} [[Kategori:Mahamantri Barbados]] bvf82xucq1orzj5xzcmd46lsy9oscrk 0 184364 1752225 1584841 2026-08-04T05:12:27Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1752225 wikitext text/x-wiki <s></s>{{Infobox Film |movie_name = Vantage Point |image = |image_size = |caption = |director = [[Pete Travis]] |producer = Tania Landau<br />Ricardo Del Río |writer = Barry Levy |starring = [[Dennis Quaid]]<br />[[Matthew Fox (pemeran)|Matthew Fox]]<br />[[Forest Whitaker]]<br />[[Sigourney Weaver]]<br /> [[William Hurt]]<br />[[Edgar Ramirez]]<br />[[Ayelet Zurer]] |music = |cinematography = [[Amir M. Mokri]] |editing = Stuart Baird<br />Sigvaldi J. Kárason<br />Valdís Óskarsdóttir |distributor = [[Sony Pictures]] |released = ^{[[Amerika Sarekat]]}[[22 Februari]] [[2008]]<br />^{[[Karajan Manunggal]]}[[7 Maret]] [[2008]] |runtime = |country = [[Amerika Sarekat]] |language = Inggris |budget = |gross = |website = http://www.vantagepoint-movie.com |amg_id = 1:351487 |imdb_id = 0443274 }} '''Vantage Point''' yaiku [[filem]] [[Amerika Sarekat]] sing dirilis ing [[2008]]. Filem kasebut disutradharani dening [[Pete Travis]] lan nampilke [[Dennis Quaid]], [[Forest Whitaker]], [[Sigourney Weaver]], [[William Hurt]], lan liyane. Filem kasebut dirilis ing [[22 Februari]] [[2008]]. == Pranala jaba == * [http://www.vantagepoint-movie.com/ Situs resmi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430222726/http://www.vantagepoint-movie.com/ |date=2021-04-30 }} * {{imdb judul|id=0443274|judul=Vantage Point}} * [http://www.moviepresslive.com/?p=102 Vantage Point] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080301060554/http://www.moviepresslive.com/?p=102 |date=2008-03-01 }} at [http://www.moviepresslive.com/ MoviePress] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120210211446/http://www.moviepresslive.com/?p=131 |date=2012-02-10 }} * [http://www.sonypictures.com/movies/vantagepoint/mosaic/index.php Mosaic] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080326071550/http://www.sonypictures.com/movies/vantagepoint/mosaic/index.php |date=2008-03-26 }} at SonyPictures.com * [http://www.vantagepoint-movie.com/international/ Official world wide release dates] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080405195050/http://www.vantagepoint-movie.com/international/ |date=2008-04-05 }} with links to different national sites. * [http://www.everytrailer.net/2008/02/2008-movie-vantage-point.html HD Trailer] at everytrailer.net [[Kategori:Filem Amérika Sarékat taun 2008]] {{AS-film-stub}} r7ae66uza12h2t22c8kt5uubcr5c4ya 0 195093 1752226 1739453 2026-08-04T05:18:51Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1752226 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox building|building_name=Vihara Buddhagaya|image=Pagoda Avalokitesvara - Buddhagaya Watugong.jpg|caption=Pagoda Avalokitesvara, Buddhagaya Watugong|map_type=|altitude=|building_type=Tempat ibadah|architectural_style=Tiongkok & Thailand|structural_system=|cost=|ren_cost=|location={{flagicon|Indonesia}} [[Semarang]], [[Jawa Tengah]]|address=Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan [[Pudakpayung, Banyumanik, Semarang|Pudakpayung]], [[Banyumanik]], [[Semarang]] [[Jawa Tengah]]|client=|owner=|current_tenants=|landlord=|coordinates={{coord|7|05|10|S|110|24|32|E|display=inline,title}}|start_date=[[19 Oktober 1955]]<ref name="Brosur Vihara Buddhagaya">Brosur Vihara Buddhagaya</ref>|completion_date=|inauguration_date=|renovation_date=|demolition_date=|destruction_date=|height=|diameter=|other_dimensions=|floor_count=|floor_area=|main_contractor=|architect=|architecture_firm=|structural_engineer=|services_engineer=|civil_engineer=|other_designers=|quantity_surveyor=|awards=|ren_architect=|ren_firm=|ren_str_engineer=|ren_serv_engineer=|ren_civ_engineer=|ren_oth_designers=|ren_qty_surveyor=|ren_awards=|references=}} '''Vihara Buddhagaya Watugong''' utawa uga dipunarani '''Vihara Buddhagaya''' inggih punika papan pangibadah [[Sidharta Gotama|Budha]] ingkang dumunung wonten [[Pudhakpayung, Banyumanik, Semarang|Pudakpayung]], [[Banyumanik, Kutha Semarang|Banyumanik]], [[Kutha Semarang|Semarang]], [[Jawa Tengah]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://regional.kompas.com/read/2022/08/10/190037578/menengok-keunikan-pagoda-watugong-ada-patung-budha-tidur-hingga-ritual|title=Menengok Keunikan Pagoda Watugong, Ada Patung Budha Tidur hingga Ritual Tjiam Shi Halaman all|last=Media|first=Kompas Cyber|date=2022-08-10|website=KOMPAS.com|language=id|access-date=2023-10-13}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://jateng.solopos.com/sejarah-vihara-buddhagaya-semarang-1197374|title=Sejarah Vihara Buddhagaya Semarang|last=Wisnu|first=Yesaya|date=2021-12-03WIB17:13:22+00:00|website=Solopos.com|language=id|access-date=2023-10-13|archive-date=2024-01-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240117120200/https://jateng.solopos.com/sejarah-vihara-buddhagaya-semarang-1197374|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Yayasan+Buddhagaya/@-7.0863918,110.409899,17z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x2e70892486049547:0xe0369e7323582888!8m2!3d-7.0863918!4d110.409899!16s%2Fg%2F11cs5xs3fb?entry=tts&hl=en|title=Yayasan Buddhagaya · WC75+CXR, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan, Pudakpayung, Kec. Banyumanik, Kota Semarang, Jawa Tengah 50265, Indonesia|website=Yayasan Buddhagaya · WC75+CXR, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan, Pudakpayung, Kec. Banyumanik, Kota Semarang, Jawa Tengah 50265, Indonesia|language=en|access-date=2023-10-13}}</ref> Papan panggonan pas ngajenge Markas Kodam IV/Diponegoro.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pasangmata.detik.com/contribution/296298|title=Vihara Buddhagaya Watugong Tempat Menarik di Kunjungi|website=pasangmata.detik.com|access-date=2023-10-13}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rri.co.id/lain-lain/265950/masyarakat-apresiasi-bhakti-sosial-polda-jateng-di-vihara-buddhagaya|title=Masyarakat Apresiasi Bhakti Sosial Polda Jateng di Vihara Buddhagaya|last=Setiawan|first=Lucky|website=rri.co.id - Portal berita terpercaya|language=en|access-date=2023-10-13}}</ref> Kompleks [[Wiyara|Vihara]] Buddhagaya Watugong dumadi saking kalih bangunan utama, inggih punika Avalokitesvara lan Pagoda Dhammasala (Vihara Dhammasala) uga sawetara bangunan lintunipun. Pagoda Avalokitesvara minangka bangunan ingkang kagungan nilai seni kang dhuwur, dhuwure 45 meter kaliyan dipuntetepake minangka pagoda paling dhuwur wonten ing [[Indhonésia|Indonesia]]. Wonten ing saklebetipun wonten reca Dewi Kwan Im dhuwure limang meter. Sauntara iku, Dhammasala dumadi saking kalih lantai, wonten lantai mandhap dipunginaken minangka bale serbaguna kanggo kegiatan rapat lan lantai nginggil dipunginakaken kanggo upacara agama ingkang wonten patung [[Sidharta Gotama|Buddha]] . Bangunan lintune wonten biara kasebut yaiku Watugong, Plaza Borobudur, Kuti Meditasi, Kuti Bhikku, taman maca komunitas, Buddha Parinibana, Abhaya Mudra lan Wit [[Bodhi]] . Wiwitanipun, Vihara Buddhagaya namung dipunginakaken minangka papan pangibadah. Ananging, kanthi ningali arsitektur bangunan ingkang sanget dipunpengaruhi dening etnis [[Républik Rakyat Cina|Cina]] lan [[Thai|Thailand]], biara puniki pungkasane dipunkembangake dados obyek wisata. Biara puniki dados kebanggaan kanggo warga [[Kutha Semarang]] khususe lan [[Jawa Tengah]] umume. ==Potensi Pariwisata== Vihara Buddha Watugong niki saget dikembangake dados pariwisata religi lintas iman. Para pelancong saget ngerasakake pengalaman religius ingkang biasa dirasakake para jemaah umat Buddha. Hawa adem lan katenangan saget dados tombo ngilangake rasa jenuh saking kabiasaan sabendino. Para pelancong inggih saget migunakake bangunan-bangunan khas plataran Vihara Watugong kanggo panggonan foto ingkang saget dipunlebetaken media sosial. Para pelancong inggih punika saget nyekseni ritual Tjiam Shi.<ref name=":0" /> Ritual niki miturut kapercayaan saget ngeramalaken nasibipun manungsa. Pelancong mangke saget direwangi kaliyan Biokong, kanggo nglakoni ritual kasebut. Ritual niki mangke rutuhake pring kang sampun diparingi tanda. Banjur niku pelancong milih nomer wonten kotak ingkang tulisanipun angka setunggal tekan sangangpuluh songo. Sabanjure niku dilajengaken guwak loro keping Im lan Yang wonten ngajengipun altar.<ref name=":0" /> Para pelancong saking umat agama liya saget nyekseni lan mirsani kagiatan sembahyang umat agama Buddha. Mula niki saget kanggo ajang keparingan kateresnan marang umat agama liya. Sahingga, saget dadi manungsa ingkang kagungan rasa katresnan marang sapadha-padha. "Cara fisike, bangunan vihara puniki kagunganipun tiyang Budha, nanging kanthi spiritual, sedaya tiyang. Saben malem Jum'at, wonten semedi antar agama. Kristen, Muslim, Katolik, Hindu, Budha, Konghucu, lan wonten kang ateis."-Romo Warto (kutipan saking artikel jurnal.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|last=Maulidha|first=Eva Nurhida|last2=Nabigha|first2=Lubnaya|date=2025-12-06|title=Makna Simbolis Ornamen pada Bangunan Pagoda Avalokitervara Buddhagaya Watugong Semarang|url=https://journal.asdkvi.or.id/index.php/Abstrak/article/view/972|journal=Abstrak : Jurnal Kajian Ilmu seni, Media dan Desain|language=en|volume=2|issue=6|pages=77–88|doi=10.62383/abstrak.v2i6.972|issn=3032-1670}}</ref> == Sujarah == [[Barkas:Bodhi_Tree_in_Pagoda_Avalokitesvara.jpg|kiri|jmpl|333x333px| Wit bodhi ditandur ing taun 1955 ing Vihara Buddhagaya Watugong.]] Vihara Buddhagaya Watugong kagungan sujarah ingkang dawa sanget babagan pembangunan saniki. Kinten-kinten 500 warsa sawisé Kraton [[Majapait|Majapahit]] runtuh, muncul manéka aktivitas lan prastawa ingkang ndadèkaké manéka golongan masyarakat weruh marang warisan luhur para leluhuré, inggih punika [[Sidharta Gotama|Buddha]] Dhamma, saéngga saged dipunpraktikakaké manèh déning para pengikuté.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.okezone.com/read/2021/12/03/340/2511574/sejarah-vihara-buddhagaya-di-semarang-berawal-dari-masa-keruntuhan-kerajaan-majapahit|title=Sejarah Vihara Buddhagaya di Semarang, Berawal dari Masa Keruntuhan Kerajaan Majapahit : Okezone News|last=Okezone|date=2021-12-03|website=https://news.okezone.com/|language=id-ID|access-date=2023-10-13}}</ref> Kathah bisnis ingkang wiwitane dipunwiwiti nalika jaman [[Indhiya Nèderlan|Hindia Walandi]] . Pungkasan, pangarep-arep menawi wonten tiyang ingkang saged mulang [[Sidharta Gotama|Buddha]] Dhamma marang tiyang ingkang setya saged kawujud kanthi anane [[Biksu|Bhikkhu]] Narada Maha Thera saka [[Cèylon|Sri Lanka]] ing taun 1934. Wong lan simpatisan nggunakake semangat kanggo rawuh [[Dhammadutta]] kanggo ngembangake diskusi kaliyan nyuwun katrangan ingkang luwih jembar babagan Dhamma . Saklajengipun muncul minangka putra kapisan Indonesia ingkang ngabdi kanthi lengkap kanggo nyebarake [[Sidharta Gotama|Buddha]] Dhamma, yaiku pemuda [[Kutha Bogor|Bogor]] ingkang asmane The Boan An sabanjure niku dados [[Biksu|Bhikkhu]] Ashin Jinarakkhita.<ref name=":1" /> . Wonten ing taun 1955 [[Bhikkhu Ashin Jinarakkhita]] mimpin pahargyan [[Waisak]] 2549 ing [[Barabudhur|Candhi Borobudur]], ing wektu punika uga wonten juragan tanah sugih saking [[Kutha Semarang|Semarang]] jenenge Goei Thwan Ling kanthi latar [[Sidharta Gotama|Budha]] ingkang kesengsem marang piawainipun lan kapribaden [[Biksu|Bhikkhu]] Ashin Jinarakkhita, banjur Goei Thwan Ling nyumbang lan nyediakake bagean saking tanahé kagem dipungunakaké minangka pusat kaliyan pangembangan [[Sidharta Gotama|Buddha]] Dhamma.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://joglosemarnews.com/2020/08/vihara-buddhagaya-watu-gong-vihara-pertama-di-indonesia/|title=Vihara Buddhagaya Watu Gong, Vihara Pertama di Indonesia » JOGLOSEMAR NEWS|last=Suhamdani|last2=Joglosemarnews.com|date=2020-08-22|website=JOGLOSEMAR NEWS|language=id|access-date=2023-10-13}}</ref> Panggonan puniki banjur dipunjenengi Vihara Buddhagaya. Nalika tanggal 19 Oktober 1955, Yayasan Buddhagaya dipunadegaké kanggo ngawasi kagiyatan [[Wiyara|biara]]. Saking [[Wiyara|biara]] puniki diwiwiti babagan enggal ing pangembangan Buddha Dhamma diterusaken.<ref name=":1" /> Wiwit warsa 1955, Bhikkhu Ashin Jinarakkhita, pelopor kebangkitan Buddha Dhamma wonten ing Nusantara, manggen wonten ing Vihara Buddhagaya[[Kutha Semarang|, Semarang]]. Dheweke nyathet kathah sajarah ageng kaliyan Vihara Buddhagaya, kayata [[Upasika]] Indonesia nalika perayaan [[Asidha]] wonten ing Juli 1955, miwiti perayaan Buddha [[Janti|Jayanti]] ingkang dipunpengeti dening umat Buddha ing saindenging jagad ing warsa 1956, nandur wit Bodhi tanggal 24 Mei 1956 lan ngadegake [[Sima (disambiguasi)|Sima]] Internasional pisanan ing KASAP (ing wingking Makodam IV/Diponegoro ) kagem pentahbisan [[Biksu|Bhikkhu]] . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dglib.uns.ac.id/dokumen/download/15153/MzAwNTU=/Potensi-wisata-religius-di-Vihara-Buddhagaya-Watugong-Semarang-abstrak.pdf|title=Salinan arsip|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161019212156/https://dglib.uns.ac.id/dokumen/download/15153/MzAwNTU=/Potensi-wisata-religius-di-Vihara-Buddhagaya-Watugong-Semarang-abstrak.pdf|archive-date=2016-10-19|dead-url=yes|access-date=2016-10-19}}</ref> Banjur, kinten-kinten wolung taun, biara puniki dipuntinggalake, nanging saniki dipunuripake maneh kanthi tuntunan [[Sangha Theravada]] . Mula ing wulan Fèbruari 2001, revitalisasi lan renovasi [[Wiyara|vihara]] puniki katindakaké, dipunwiwiti kanthi yasa Gedhong Dhammasala ingkang diresmèkaké tanggal 3 November 2002 déning Gubernur Jawa Tengah [[Mardiyanto|H. Mardiyanto]] . Salajengipun dipunbangun gedhong malih inggih punika Pagoda Avalokitesvara, ing wulan November 2004 lan dipunresmikaken tanggal 14 Juli 2005 déning Gubernur Jawa Tengah [[Mardiyanto|H. Mardiyanto]] . <ref name="Brosur Vihara Buddhagaya">Brosur Vihara Buddhagaya</ref> Pengembangan salajengipun dipuntindakaken kangge ndadosaken komplek Vihara dos objek wisata, dipuntambahi patung-patung enggal saha fasilitas tambahan kados toya mancur saha wit bodhi. Nanging, tujuan utami Pagoda Avalokitesvara tetep boten owah, inggih punika minangka papan sembahyang Budha lan obyek pariwisata religius ingkang menarik kagem para pengunjung, kanthi pemisahan ingkang jelas lan ketat saking papan donga lan papan wisata. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://warakngendog.com/landmark/pagoda-avalokitesvara/|title=Pagoda Avalokitesvara, Bagai di Film Kungfu Klasik|last2=|first2=Warak Ngendog|date=2023-04-16|website=Semarang|language=ID|access-date=2023-05-13}}</ref> == Pagoda Dhammasala == Pagoda Dhammasala minangka salah sawijining bangunan utama ingkang dumadi saking kalih lantai lan dumunung ing sisih tengen [[Wiyara|biara]].<ref name=":0" /> Lantai mandhap minangka bale serba guna kanthi panggung ing ngajeng lan biasane digunakake kanggo kegiatan rapat. Lantai paling dhuwur fungsine minangka papan puja bhakti (ruang sembahyang utama) ingkang saget nampung 1000 wong. Kanggo menyang kamar ndhuwur, sampeyan kudu teka saking jawi amargi mboten wonten undhak-undhakan ingkang nyambungaken. Potensi daya tarik wisata Pagoda Dhammasala saged dipundeleng antara liya saking wujude bangunan ingkang asale saka [[Thai|Thailand]], yaiku atap ingkang runcing lan diubengi karo bentuk ukiran ing njaba bangunan. Kajaba niku, uga wonten reca Buddha Lenggah dhuwure watara limang meter ingkang didamel saking kuningan kaliyan sami wonten ing [[Candhi Mendut]] . Pagoda Dhammasala minangka papan kang wigati nanging umum amargi minangka papan kanggo preian agama lan aktivitas sing ana gegayutanipun karo pamarentah kayata: minangka papan patemon organisasi [[Sidharta Gotama|Budha]] wiwit [[Kutha Semarang|Semarang]], Provinsi [[Jawa Tengah]], rapat nasional kaliyan internasional ingkang dipunanakake saben taun minangka dipunjadwalake kalih pengelola Vihara Buddhagaya Watugong. == Crita Paticca Samuppada == [[Barkas:Patung Buddha Tidur di Vihara Buddhagaya Watugong Semarang.jpg|jmpl|Patung Buddha Tidur di Vihara Buddhagaya Watugong Semarang.]] Wonten jeroning vihara Dharmasala niki wonten reca gedhe warna emas awujud Budha lenggah. Kathah tiyang ikang sembahyang wonten mriki. Gedhung vihara Dharmasala inggih punika diubengi pager kanthi ukiran relief ingkang nggambaraken crita Paticca Samuppada, yaiku proses urip manungsa wiwit lair kanthi sedha. Para pelancong ingkang mlebet vihara niki biasanipun kedah nindakake ritual khusus. ritual kasebut inggih punika midhak ornamen relief pitik, ula, kaliyan babi wonten lawang mlebune vihara. Pitik diprecaya nglambangaken srakah, ula nglambangaken rasa gething, lan babi nglambangake kesed.<ref name=":0" /> == Pagoda Avalokitesvara == [[Barkas:Kwan_Im_statue_inside_Pagoda_Avalokitesvara.jpg|jmpl|307x307px| Patung Dewi Kwan Im sing dhuwuré 5 meter ing jero Pagoda Avalokitesvara.]] Avalokitesvara Pagoda utawi uga dikenal minangka Kwan Im Pagoda minangka bangunan utama lintunipun ingkang wonten ing dalan utama Vihara Buddhagaya Watugong. Konstruksi dipunwiwiti ing Agustus 2004 kaliyan diresmikake tanggal 14 Juli 2005. Bangunan niki sampun dinobataké minangka pagoda paling dhuwur wonten ing Indonesia. Kanggonipun bangunan niki ing budaya [[Républik Rakyat Cina|Tionghoa]], yaiku bangunan suci minangka perwujudan saka [[Metta Karuna]] (tresna) para Buddha ing alam semesta iki.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://seputarsemarang.com/pagoda-buddhagaya-watugong-1792/|title=Pagoda Buddhagaya Watugong|last=Keong|first=Indra|date=2011-05-05|website=Seputar Semarang|language=id|access-date=2023-10-13}}</ref> Pagoda puniki, ingkang dhuwuripun 45 meter, dipunbangun kanthi meh sedaya konstruksi bangunan ingkang dipungawe saking beton. Bangunan puniki kathah migunakake latar mburi abrit ingkang digawa saking tradisi [[Républik Rakyat Cina|Tionghoa]], ingkang miturut [[Républik Rakyat Cina|wong Tionghoa]] nglambangake rasa bungah. Pagoda niki dumadi saka pitung tingkat ingkang omahé watara 30 patung ibadah. Wonten jero ana gambar raksasa Avalokitesvara Boddhisatva, dhuwuripun 5 meter, manggoni rongga tengah ingkang dhuwur sanget, dipunubengi gunung-gunung woh lan kembang minangka sesajen. Ing sajawine pagoda, wonten reca Dewi Kwan Im cacahipun sekawan kaliyan reca Panglima [[We Po]] . Wangun gedhong pagoda dhewe dumados sakaing enem lapisan wonten tembok ingkang ngubengi wolung sisih kang aran Pat Kwa. Wonten saben sisih tembok jawi ana reca Dewi Kwan Im . Reca Dewi Kwan Im ingkang manggon wonten tingkatan kapindho sampek kaenem. Reca puniki madhep marang sekawan arah mata angin. Reca Dewi Kwan Im puniki nglambangaken katresnanipun Dewi Kwan Im kasebar marang sedaya arah pinuju.<ref name=":0" /> == Relief Naga kaliyan Manuk Hong<ref name=":2" /> == [[Barkas:Hiasan di Tengah Tangga Menuju Vihara Buddhagaya Watugong Semarang.jpg|jmpl|267x267px|Relief Naga]] Nalika munggah ing plataran Pagoda, kedah nglewati undhak-undhakan ingkang motifipun Naga kaliyan Manuk Hong. Wonten kapercayaan Tionghoa, Naga kang cacahipun sanga puniku tegesipun Ratu utawi Kerajaan. Dene Manuk Hong puniku tegesipun manuk sekti ingkang ngasta rejeki utawi kabegjan. Manuk Hong puniki uga kang aran manuk Phoenix, kang nduweni makna kang ateges katentreman ing panguripan. == Relief Bangsa Kewan kaliyan Manungsa<ref name=":2" /> == Tasik wonten undhak-undhakanipun plataran Pagoda, wonten relief kang bentukipun bangsa kewan kaliyan manungsa. Relief puniki manggon wonten tembok cekelanipun undhak-undhakan. Isinipun relief puniki bangsa kewan menika wonten pitik, ula, iwak, yuyu, asu, terwelu, merak, babi, rubah, jaran, kethek, kebo, lan macan. Gambar puniki tegesipun kewan ingkang wonten wulangan "shio" [[Barkas:Relief sulur Vihara Watugong Semarang.jpg|jmpl|Relief tetanduran sulur]] Gambar manungsa kang nglakoni kegiyatan sabendinten puniku kagungan ateges sawetara crita kuna saking budaya Tionghoa. Kekalihipun jenis gambar wonten cekelan undhak-undhakan punika tegesipun alam sekitar. Ing bagiyan jaba cekelan undhak-undhakan, wonten relief tetanduran model sulur-suluran. == Watugong == Watugong punika watu alam asli wewujud gong ingkang sampun dados jeneng tlatah sakiwa-tengené biara wiwit biyen. Watu puniki unik amargi langsung wujudipun gong tanpa diowahi tangan manungsa, lan uga minangka peninggalan sejarah sawise runtuhe Kerajaan [[Majapait|Majapahit]] . Watu alam puniki wonten ing ngarep pos keamanan [[Wiyara|biara]] .<ref name=":0" /> == Yayasan Buddhagaya == Yayasan Buddhagaya minangka yayasan ingkang ngawasi manajemen Vihara Buddhagaya. Buddhagaya mangadeg dados yayasan dipunwiwiti nalika taun 1955<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://scholar.googleusercontent.com/scholar?q=cache:poPTdkd0DIcJ:scholar.google.com/+vihara+buddhagaya+watugong&hl=id&as_sdt=0,5|title=PENGURUS PUSAT MAJELIS AGAMA BUDDHA THERAVĀDA INDONESIA 2018|website=scholar.googleusercontent.com|access-date=2025-12-23}}{{Pranala mati|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>. Yayasan puniki dipimpin dening Bapak Halim Wijaya.<ref name=":2" /> == Gladri == <gallery> Barkas:Patung 3 Orang Suci Vihara Watugong.jpg|Patung Suci Barkas:Ornamen Naga Area Pagoda Watugong.jpg|Ornamen Naga Ing Area Undhak-undhakan </gallery> == Deloken sisan == * [[Sidharta Gotama|Budha]] * [[Ashin Jinarakkhita]] * [[Narada Maha Thera]] * [[Avalokiteśvara|Avalokitesvara]] == Rujukan == {{Reflist}} === Rujukan saking Buku === Diputhera, Pandita Dharmesvara Oka, 2010, “Agama Buddha Berkembang ing Indonesia”. Jakarta: CV. Oka Berseri Arya Suryacandra. Riyanto, Agus Wahyudi, 2009, “Gema Dhamma Watu Gong”. Semarang: Yayasan Buddha Gayā Semarang. Kaca: 33-40. Riyanto, Agus Wahyudi, 2014, “Sekilas Vihara Budha Gayā Watu Gong Semarang”. Semarang: Yayasan Buddha Gayā Semarang. kaca: 10. [[Kategori:Papan wisata ing Jawa Tengah]] [[Kategori:WikiPlesir]] [[Kategori:WikiSemawis]] [[Kategori:Dana Wiki GSF25 Wikimedia Yogyakarta]] c1iw3knabp2hoz5414ikzszxc8cglp2 0 195669 1752233 1703457 2026-08-04T07:33:09Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1752233 wikitext text/x-wiki {{multiscript|Gong|ꦒꦺꦴꦁ}} [[Gambar:Gong.JPG|frame|ꦒꦺꦴꦁ]] ꧋'''ꦒꦺꦴꦁ'''ꦲꦶꦏꦸꦥꦶꦫꦤ꧀ꦠꦶ[[ꦒꦩꦼꦭꦤ꧀ꦗꦮ]]ꦏꦁꦢꦶꦠꦧꦸꦃ꧈ꦢꦶꦒꦮꦺꦱꦏ[[ꦠꦺꦴꦱꦤ꧀]]ꦭꦤ꧀ꦤ꧀ꦝꦸꦮꦺꦲꦸꦏꦸꦫꦤ꧀ꦏꦁꦒꦼꦝꦺꦢꦺꦮꦺ꧉ꦥꦶꦫꦤ꧀ꦠꦶꦲꦶꦏꦶꦫꦕꦏꦺꦥꦥꦤꦺꦲꦶꦁꦩ꧀ꦧꦸꦫꦶꦢꦺꦮꦺ꧈ꦢꦶꦒꦤ꧀ꦠꦸꦁꦲꦶꦁꦥꦭꦔꦤ꧀[[ꦒꦪꦺꦴꦂ]]ꦏꦁꦲꦸꦩꦸꦩ꧀ꦢꦶꦒꦮꦺꦱꦏ[[ꦏꦪꦸ]]ꦲꦸꦏꦸꦫꦤ꧀ꦒꦼꦝꦺ꧉ꦲꦤꦭꦺꦴꦫꦺꦴꦗꦶꦤꦶꦱ꧀ꦒꦺꦴꦁꦪꦲꦶꦏꦸ:[[ꦒꦺꦴꦁꦄꦒꦼꦁ]]ꦭꦤ꧀[[ꦒꦺꦴꦁꦱꦸꦮꦸꦏ꧀]]꧉ꦱꦧꦼꦤ꧀ꦭꦫꦱ꧀[[ꦱ꧀ꦭꦺꦤ꧀ꦢꦿꦺꦴ]]ꦭꦤ꧀[[ꦥꦺꦭꦺꦴꦒ꧀]]ꦢꦸꦮꦺꦠꦼꦭꦸꦁꦱꦺꦠ꧀ꦒꦺꦴꦁ꧉<ref name="internet1">[http://www.joglosemar.co.id/gamelan.html joglosemar.co.id] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411010745/http://www.joglosemar.co.id/gamelan.html |date=2021-04-11 }}(dipunundhuh tanggal 30 Mèi 2011)</ref>ꦒꦺꦴꦁꦒꦼꦝꦺꦏꦁꦕꦕꦲꦺꦭꦺꦴꦫꦺꦴꦭꦤ꧀ꦱꦶꦗꦶ[[ꦒꦺꦴꦁꦱꦸꦮꦸꦏꦤ꧀]] ==ꦮꦸꦗꦸꦢ꧀== ꧋ꦮꦸꦗꦸꦢꦺ[[ꦧꦸꦤ꧀ꦢꦼꦂ]]꧈[[ꦒꦼꦝꦺ]]꧈[[ꦫꦢꦕꦼꦏꦸꦁ]]꧈ꦏꦤ꧀ꦛꦶꦒꦫꦶꦱ꧀ꦠꦼꦔꦃ꧇꧑꧇ꦩꦺꦠꦼꦂ꧈<ref name="capit1">[Mertosedono, Amir.1986.''Sajarah Wayang''. Semarang:Dahara Prize] (halaman 45)</ref>ꦭꦤ꧀ꦥꦼꦂꦩꦸꦏꦲꦤꦺꦫꦠꦤꦶꦁꦲꦤꦠꦺꦴꦚ꧀ꦗꦺꦴꦭꦤ꧀ꦲꦶꦁꦠꦼꦔꦃꦠꦼꦔꦃ꧉ ==ꦱ꧀ꦮꦫ== ꧋ꦒꦺꦴꦁꦤ꧀ꦢꦸꦮꦺꦱ꧀ꦮꦫꦏꦁꦒꦼꦝꦺꦢꦺꦮꦺꦭꦤ꧀ꦤꦢꦤꦺꦥꦭꦶꦁꦲꦱꦺꦴꦂꦠꦶꦤꦶꦩ꧀ꦧꦁꦤꦢꦥꦶꦫꦤ꧀ꦠꦶꦒꦩꦼꦭꦤ꧀ꦭꦶꦪꦤꦺ꧈ꦪꦲꦶꦏꦸꦏꦤ꧀ꦛꦶꦤꦢ꧇꧓꧇(ꦠꦼꦭꦸ) ==ꦥ꦳ꦸꦁꦱꦶ== ꧋ꦒꦺꦴꦁꦢꦶꦠꦧꦸꦃꦏꦁꦒꦺꦴꦲꦮꦺꦃꦠꦼꦏꦤꦤ꧀ꦲꦶꦁꦥꦺꦫꦔꦤ꧀ꦠꦶꦤꦼꦤ꧀ꦠꦸ(ꦭꦸꦩꦿꦲꦺꦲꦏꦶꦂ)ꦲꦶꦫꦶꦔꦤ꧀ꦩꦸꦱꦶꦏ꧀[[ꦒꦩꦼꦭ꧀ꦭꦤ꧀ꦗꦮ|ꦒꦩꦼꦭꦤ꧀]]ꦲꦸꦠꦮꦢꦝꦶꦥꦿꦠꦤ꧀ꦝꦥꦸꦁꦏꦱꦺꦱꦮꦶꦗꦶꦤꦶꦁ[[ꦠꦼꦩ꧀ꦧꦁ]]ꦭꦤ꧀[[ꦒꦼꦫꦺꦴꦁ]]ꦢꦝꦶꦲꦫꦁꦧꦔꦼꦠ꧀ꦢꦶꦠꦧꦸꦃ(ꦲꦺꦴꦫꦠꦼꦫꦸꦱ꧀ꦠꦼꦫꦸꦱꦤ꧀)ꦤꦶꦁꦣꦶꦠꦧꦸꦃꦆꦁꦱꦼꦭꦁꦮꦼꦏ꧀ꦠꦸꦠꦶꦤꦼꦤ꧀ꦠꦸ꧉ ꧋ꦥꦿꦁꦏꦠ꧀ꦩꦸꦱꦶꦏ꧀[[ꦠꦿꦝꦶꦱꦶꦪꦺꦴꦤꦭ꧀]]ꦲꦶꦏꦶꦱꦲꦶꦏꦶꦤ꧀ꦢꦸꦮꦺꦥ꦳ꦸꦁꦱꦶꦭꦶꦪꦪꦲꦶꦏꦶꦏꦁꦒꦺꦴꦠꦤ꧀ꦝ[[ꦥꦉꦱ꧀ꦩꦶꦪꦤ꧀]]ꦲꦸꦠꦮꦥꦩ꧀ꦧꦸꦏꦲꦕꦫ꧉ ==ꦢꦼꦊꦁꦲꦸꦒ== *[[ꦒꦺꦴꦔꦤ꧀]] ==ꦕꦛꦼꦠꦤ꧀ꦱꦶꦏꦶꦭ꧀== {{reflist}} <references> * [http://www.yogyes.com/id/yogyakarta-cultural-performance/gamelan-show/ Gamelan, Orkestra a la Jawa] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326082512/http://www.yogyes.com/id/yogyakarta%2Dcultural%2Dperformance/gamelan%2Dshow/ |date=2010-03-26 }} <references/> {{Piranti gamelan Jawa}} [[Kategori:Gamelan Jawa]] [[Kategori:Gong]] [[Kategori:Musik]] [[Kategori:ꦲꦏ꧀ꦱꦫꦗꦮ]] bbdhbcaqlb7xds15c35acjgkcezpwsx 0 196730 1752234 1709993 2026-08-04T07:37:13Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1752234 wikitext text/x-wiki {{multiscript|Saron|ꦱꦫꦺꦴꦤ꧀}} [[Gambar:Traditional indonesian instruments.jpg|thumb|320px|ꦱꦫꦺꦴꦤ꧀]] ꧋'''ꦱꦫꦺꦴꦤ꧀'''ꦲꦶꦏꦸꦱꦭꦃꦱꦶꦗꦶꦥꦼꦫꦁꦏꦠ꧀[[ꦒꦩꦼꦭꦤ꧀ꦗꦮ]]ꦱꦶꦁꦢꦶꦠꦧꦸꦃ꧉ꦱꦫꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦲꦶꦏꦸꦢꦶꦱꦺꦴ'ꦄꦏꦺꦭꦁꦱꦸꦁꦲꦶꦁꦮꦶꦭꦃꦏꦪꦸꦲꦶꦁꦭꦺꦴꦫꦺꦴꦱꦶꦱꦶꦃꦔꦶꦱꦺꦴꦫꦺ꧉ꦱꦫꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦢꦥꦸꦫꦺꦏꦪꦭꦺꦩ꧀ꦥꦺꦔꦤ꧀[[ꦲꦼꦩꦱ꧀]]ꦏꦁꦢꦶꦱꦸꦱꦸꦤ꧀ꦲꦶꦁ[[ꦏꦪꦸ]]꧉<ref name="internet1">[http://www.joglosemar.co.id/gamelan.html joglosemar.co.id] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411010745/http://www.joglosemar.co.id/gamelan.html |date=2021-04-11 }}(dipunundhuh tanggal 30 Mèi 2011)</ref>ꦱꦧꦼꦤ꧀[[ꦭꦺꦩ꧀ꦥꦺꦔꦤ꧀]]ꦢꦸꦮꦺ[[ꦠꦶꦠꦶꦭꦫꦱ꧀]]ꦏꦁꦧꦺꦢ꧉<ref name="internet1"/> ꦲꦤ꧇꧓꧇ꦗꦶꦤꦶꦱ꧀ꦱꦫꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦪꦆꦏꦸ: * [[ꦱꦫꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦥꦤꦼꦫꦸꦱ꧀]](ꦲꦶꦁꦭꦫꦱ꧀ꦱ꧀ꦭꦺꦤ꧀ꦢꦿꦺꦴ:[[ꦥꦼꦏꦶꦁ]]) * [[ꦱꦫꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦧꦫꦸꦁ]]ꦧꦶꦪꦱꦏꦫꦤ꧀ꦱꦫꦺꦴꦤ꧀ * [[ꦱꦫꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦢꦼꦩꦸꦁ]]ꦧꦶꦪꦱꦏꦫꦤ꧀[[ꦢꦼꦩꦸꦁ]] ==ꦮꦸꦗꦸꦢ꧀== ꧋ꦮꦸꦗꦸꦣ꧀ꦮꦶꦭꦃꦱꦫꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦲꦶꦏꦶꦩꦺꦃꦥꦢꦏꦫꦺꦴꦮꦶꦭꦃ[[ꦒꦩ꧀ꦧꦁ]]꧈ꦧꦼꦢꦤꦺꦪꦺꦤ꧀ꦮꦶꦭꦃꦱꦫꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦢꦶꦒꦮꦺꦱꦏꦭꦺꦴꦒꦩ꧀(ꦫꦕꦏꦺꦱꦶꦁꦲꦥꦶꦏ꧀[[ꦥꦼꦫꦸꦁꦒꦸ]])꧈ꦪꦺꦤ꧀ꦮꦶꦭꦃꦒꦩ꧀ꦧꦁꦢꦶꦒꦮꦺꦱꦏꦏꦪꦸ꧉ꦠꦧꦸꦃꦱꦫꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦢꦶꦒꦮꦺꦱꦏꦏꦪꦸꦱꦶꦁꦫꦢꦲꦼꦩ꧀ꦥꦸꦏ꧀‌꧈ꦮꦸꦗꦸꦢꦺꦏꦪꦥꦭꦸ꧉ꦮꦶꦭꦃꦱꦫꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦲꦤ꧇꧗꧇꧈ꦩꦱꦶꦁꦩꦱꦶꦁꦢꦮꦤꦺꦱꦏꦶꦮꦠꦼꦔꦼꦤꦺ꧇꧒꧐꧇&nbsp;ꦕꦩ꧉ ꦱ꧀ꦮꦫ == ꦕꦛꦼꦠꦤ꧀ꦱꦸꦏꦸ == {{Reflist}} * [http://www.yogyes.com/id/yogyakarta-cultural-performance/gamelan-show/ ꦒꦩꦼꦭꦤ꧀꧈ꦎꦂꦏꦺꦱ꧀ꦠꦿꦄꦭꦗꦮ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326082512/http://www.yogyes.com/id/yogyakarta%2Dcultural%2Dperformance/gamelan%2Dshow/ |date=2010-03-26 }} {{Piranti gamelan Jawa}} [[Kategori:Gamelan Jawa]] [[Kategori:Saron]] [[Kategori:ꦲꦏ꧀ꦱꦫꦗꦮ]] 1giogtrtb8od6dydhm2tvxq2rd1j0i7 0 198669 1752200 1734145 2026-08-04T00:33:14Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1752200 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rêca Ganésa Dhawangsari''' ([[Aksara Carakan|Carakan]]: ꦉꦕꦝꦮꦁꦱꦫꦶ; [[Basa Indhonésia|cara Indhonésia]]: ''Arca Ganesa Dawangsari'') mênika salah satunggalipun tilaran sêjarah. Rêca ingkang dipunpanggihakên saking daérah Prambanan lêrêsipun mapan dhumatêng Dusun Sumbêrwatu, Sambirêjo, [[Prambanan, Klathèn|Prambanan]], [[Sléman, Sléman|Sléman,]] [https://jogjacagar.jogjaprov.go.id/detail/1773/arca-ganesa Daérah Istiméwa Yogyakarta]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jogjacagar.jogjaprov.go.id/detail/1773/arca-ganesa|title=JOGJACAGAR {{!}} Sistem Informasi Cagar Budaya|website=jogjacagar.jogjaprov.go.id|access-date=2025-06-01}}</ref> mênika kawontênan ing papan ingkang rêdi blusuk dados mbotên katingal saéngga déréng dimangêrtosi kagêm objék pariwisata. Rêca mênika anggadhahi asma lintunipun yaiku Rêca Ganésa Sumbêrwatu. Dasanama mênika amargi rêca manggèn dhatêng Dusun Sumbêrwatu. Rêca Ganésa Dhawangsari kajumênêngan sawutara abad IX-X nalikanipun jaman Hindu ngrêmbaka.[https://radarsolo.jawapos.com/wisata/845999647/arca-ganesa-raksasa-menyimpan-misteri-di-perbukitan-sumberwatu-heritage-lokasinya-dekat-wisata-candi-prambanan] [[File:Situs Arca Ganesa Dawangsari 🗿 (5).jpg|thumb|Situs Réca Ganésa Dhawangsari]] == Dèskripsi == Dèrèng mangêrtos lêrêsipun wanci dipunpanggihi rêca mênika. Ing samênika badhé sipunandharakên dèskripsi singkat ngêngêngi Rêca Ganésha Dhawangsari<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://teamtouring.net/situs-arca-ganesha-dawangsari-sleman.html|title=Situs Arca Ganesha Di Rerimbunan Semak Dawangsari Sleman {{!}} TeamTouring|website=teamtouring.net|language=en-US|access-date=2025-06-01|archive-date=2020-02-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200218125232/https://teamtouring.net/situs-arca-ganesha-dawangsari-sleman.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>. Ukuranipun inggil tanpa pédéstal yaiku ngantos 1,75 m<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wikiwand.com/id/articles/Situs%20Arca%20Ganesha%20Dawangsari|title=Situs Arca Ganesha Dawangsari - Wikiwand|website=www.wikiwand.com|language=en|access-date=2025-06-01}}</ref>. Ukuran inggil nggagêm pédéstal : 2,50 m. Lajêng ukuran wiyar : 2,10 m menawi ukuran kandhêl : 3,10 m. Kadamêl saking séla [https://web.archive.org/web/20200218125232/https://teamtouring.net/situs-arca-ganesha-dawangsari-sleman.html cadas], sirahipun rêca sampun mbotén awujud amargi séla cadas ménika gampil rusak mênawi képarêng suhu, angin lan sapanungglanipun. ''Faktor'' ''biologis'' ugi, sapéranganipun rêca sampun katutup dêning lumut ijo. [https://www.wikiwand.com/id/articles/Situs_Arca_Ganesha_Dawangsari] Rêca sagêd dipunpirsani mênawi rêca mênika Ganésha amargi wontên tlalé gajah, padharan agêng, lan wujud sikil ingkang sila. Rêca mênika madhêp ngilèn lan wontên ing sapèrènganipun lèpèn. Situs mênika papan panggénanipun wontén 450 m saking lér Candi Dawangsari lan 550 m saking Candi Barong sarta wontên ing ketinggian 240 mdpl.[https://www.wikiwand.com/id/articles/Situs_Arca_Ganesha_Dawangsari] Dèrèng wontên upaya kagêm nangani karusakan mênika. Kawontênanipun cêlak candi kuno kadasta situs Candi Stupa Sumur Bandung, Pura Dharma Santi, Candi Dawangsari, Candi Miri, dan Candi Barong.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://radarsolo.jawapos.com/wisata/845999647/arca-ganesa-raksasa-menyimpan-misteri-di-perbukitan-sumberwatu-heritage-lokasinya-dekat-wisata-candi-prambanan?page=2|title=Arca Ganesa Raksasa Menyimpan Misteri di Perbukitan Sumberwatu Heritage, Lokasinya Dekat Wisata Candi Prambanan - Radar Solo - Halaman 2|last=auglandy|first=Niko|website=Arca Ganesa Raksasa Menyimpan Misteri di Perbukitan Sumberwatu Heritage, Lokasinya Dekat Wisata Candi Prambanan - Radar Solo - Halaman 2|language=id|access-date=2025-06-01}}</ref> ''Karaktêristik'' wukiran rêca mênika kadasta wukiran saking jaman Mataram Kuno amargi situs tilaran saking Kêdatuan Mêdang i Bhumi Mataran Kuno. == Pitêdah == Saking daérah Abhayagiri Sumberwatu Heritage Resort tumuju wontên Candi Barong. Lajêng wontên prapatan alit ménggok kiwa tumuju ''Spot'' Riyadi, sawêtara 100 m miyos ing radinan cor sêmén, lajêng tumuju tuwuh-tuwuhan lan sukêt wontên ing sisih kiwanipun radinan andhapipun têbing. == Makna Rêca Ganésha Dhawangsari == Makna utawi maksudipun kawontênan Rêca Ganésha mênika sampun tamtu kagêm simbol-simbol panguripan, yaitu: # ''Spiritualitas,'' yaiku kapitayan ingkang dipunlampahakên para tiyang kagêm mangêrtosi dunungipun manungsa marang Gusti Maha Kuwasa. Kapitayan mênika dipunwujudakên nganggêm sarana Hindu. # Kawruh, Rêca Ganésha dhaténg Hindu mujudakên déwa ingkang mayungi kawruh lan dados simbol sugihipun akal budhi ''(intéléktualitas)''. Kawujudakên ing bêntukipun arupa gajah kang badanipun agêng ugi dipuntêgêsi pêpayung saking bêbaya. # Panyéimbang lair batin. Saking kêkalih inggil mênika, anggénipun nglampahi laku panguripun kacipta raos ayêm lan têntrêm, têgêsipun punapa ingkang dipunpanggihi ing donya dipunsarêngi kaliyan sêmbah bêkti marang Gusti supados karêstuni anggénipun gêgayuhan. Mênawi gêgayuhan mênika dèrèng sagêd dipungayuk, manahipun mbotên kêmrungsu. # Pangaling-ngaling pambêngan. Kawujudakên ing sukunipun gajah mênika jangkahipun dawa-dawa lan kiat, sagêd mambuka radinan ingkang katutupan sukêt. Têgêsipun, ngagêm akal budhi mênika kalawau, manungsa sagêd nglampahi mênapa kémawon pambêngan ing ngajêng. # Tinimba kawruh, tlalé gajah mênika dados wujud anyêrêp sakatahipun kawruh-kawruh lajêng dipuntadahi wontên ing padharan. Têgêsipun, kawruh ingkang sampun kasêrêp kalawau dipunprétéli sêtunggal-sêtunggal lan dipunpêndhêt kawruh ingkang saé kémawon. == Rujukan == <references /> [[Kategori:Adipusaka Project]] [[Kategori:Cagar budaya ing Sléman]] [[Kategori:Situs arkéologi]] [[Kategori:Reca]] [[Kategori:Budaya Jawa]] == Pranala Jaba == # https://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/bpcbyogyakarta/makna-filosofi-dewa-ganesha-cerita-ganesha-4/?utm_source # https://mpi.uny.ac.id/koleksi/arca-ganesha?utm_source {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251003113244/https://mpi.uny.ac.id/koleksi/arca-ganesha?utm_source |date=2025-10-03 }} kzqwtk32pqjhyjl77zg5u6b5ee20unl 0 198739 1752205 1743736 2026-08-04T00:48:40Z ~2026-38892-59 73578 /* Dhaptar lagu */ 1752205 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Pancawarna''''' minangka [[album studio]] kaping lima anggitane [[Siti Nurhaliza]]. Album iki dirilis ing [[7 Mèi]] [[1999]]. == Dhaptar lagu == # '''Nian di Hati'''<br>Senilagu: Azmeer<br>Senikata: Azam Dungun # '''Seribu Kemanisan'''<br>Senilagu: Zulkefli Majid<br>Senikata: Hazlan Abu Hassan # '''Engkau Bagaikan Permata'''<br>Senilagu: Helen Yap<br>Senikata: Sham Amir Hussain / [[Siti Nurhaliza]] # '''Salju Kasih-NYA'''<br>Senilagu: [[Adnan Abu Hassan]]<br>Senikata: Hani MJ # '''Lelaki (Warkah Seorang Anak)'''<br>Senilagu: Siso Kopratasa<br>Senikata: Habsah Hassan # '''Kedamaian'''<br>Senilagu: Mark Wong<br>Senikata: Hani MJ # '''Kau Kekasihku'''<br>Senilagu: Ajai<br>Senikata: Alam Maya # '''Kurniaan Dalam Samaran'''<br>Senilagu: Ross Ariffin<br>Senikata: S. Amin Shahab # '''Langkah di Persada'''<br>Senilagu: Rickie Koes<br>Senikata: Tisya # '''Lembaran Cinta Pudar'''<br>Senilagu: Salman<br>Senikata: Habsah Hassan == Produksi == * Penerbit Eksekutif: '''Tan Su Loke''' * Penerbit: '''Azmeer, Zulkefli Majid, Helen Yap, Adnan Abu Hassan, Siso, Mark Wong, Ajai, Ross Ariffin, Alfa/Rumie & Salman''' * Penyelaras Produksi: '''Jason Foo''' * Pengurus A&R: '''Sham Amir Hussain''' * A&R Coordinator: '''Zulkefli Majid''' * Pengurus Projek: '''Alison Tee''' * Urusan Promosi: '''Ariffin, Bard, Nan, Lin & Rahayu''' * Jururakam: '''Wong, Vincent & Lau''' * Suara Latar: '''CT, Daniel, June, Lin, Shon, Tisya & Zulkefli Majid''' * Studio Rakaman: '''Pro Recording Studio (Cheras Perdana)''' * Penaja Fotografi/Jurusolek: '''Maybelline''' * Jurufoto: '''Bustamam Mokhtar''' * Jurusolek: '''Nurul''' * Mastering: '''Genesis Mastering Lab Sdn. Bhd.''' * Konsep Cover: '''As Design & Print''' {{musik-stub}} [[Kategori:Album]] {{Authority control}} hlkflw73q0lh0mi6w39npege6gsoqgp 0 199073 1752207 1743016 2026-08-04T00:50:02Z ~2026-38892-59 73578 /* Dhaptar lagu */ 1752207 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Sahmura''''' minangka [[album studio]] kaping enem [[Siti Nurhaliza]]. Album iki diluncurake persis jam 00:00, [[1 Januari]] [[2000]]. == Dhaptar lagu == # '''Balqis'''<br>Senilagu: [[Pak Ngah]]<br>Senikata: Hairul Anuar Harun # '''Joget Kasih Tak Sudah'''<br>Senilagu: S. Atan<br>Senikata: Nurul Asyiqin # '''Zapin Cinta Asmara'''<br>Senilagu: To'Ki<br>Senikata: Rozek # '''Keroncong Si Endang Endong'''<br>Senilagu & Senikata: Raja Kobat # '''Canggai'''<br>Senilagu: Rosli Selasih<br>Senikata: Tok Wan # '''Mahligai Permata'''<br>Senilagu: Khir Rahman<br>Senikata: Megamutiara # '''Pawana Sampaikanlah Salam'''<br>Senilagu: Arid<br>Senikata: Lokgha # '''Ya Maulai'''<br>Senilagu: [[Pak Ngah]]<br>Senikata: Hairul Anuar Harun # '''Masri Manis'''<br>Senilagu & Senikata: Khir Rahman # '''Berpantun Kasih'''<br>Senilagu: S. Atan<br>Senikata: Siso Kopratasa == Produksi == * Penerbit Eksekutif: '''Tan Su Loke''' * Penerbit: '''Pak Ngah, S. Atan, To'Ki & Rosli Selasih''' * Penyelaras Produksi: '''Jason Foo''' * Pengurus A&R: '''Sham Amir Hussain''' * A&R Coordinator: '''Zulkefli Majid''' * Pengurus Promosi: '''Bard''' * Unit Promosi: '''Ariffin, Azhar, Lynn & Rahayu''' * Juruadun: '''Wong, Vincent & Koh''' * Studio Rakaman: '''Pro Recording Studio (Cheras Perdana)''' * Jurusolek: '''Nurul''' * Fotografi: '''Jen Studio''' * Mastering: '''Genesis Mastering Lab Sdn. Bhd.''' * Konsep Cover: '''As Design & Print''' {{musik-stub}} [[Kategori:Album]] {{Authority control}} 7gjh025zx265jb2iqf9whgop1u9bbo8 0 199134 1752208 1743737 2026-08-04T00:51:22Z ~2026-38892-59 73578 /* Dhaptar lagu */ 1752208 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Safa''''' minangka album studio kaping pitune [[Siti Nurhaliza]]. Album iki dirilis tanggal [[11 Januari]] [[2001]], pas dina ulang tahune Siti sing kaping 22. == Dhaptar lagu == # '''Azimat Cinta'''<br>Senilagu: [[Adnan Abu Hassan]]<br>Senikata: Hazida # '''Bicara Manis Menghiris Kalbu'''<br>Senilagu: Aiman<br>Senikata: Lukhman S. # '''Jalinan Cinta'''<br>Senilagu: Helen Yap<br>Senikata: [[Siti Nurhalizah]] / Haslan # '''Milikmu Teristimewa'''<br>Senilagu: Azmeer<br>Senikata: Habsah Hassan # '''Indah Percintaan'''<br>Senilagu: Nyzar<br>Senikata: M. Zulkifli # '''Kudus Sinarmu'''<br>Senilagu: [[Pak Ngah]]<br>Senikata: Ce'Kem # '''Kau Ku Sayang'''<br>Senilagu & Senikata: Pot # '''Percayalah'''<br>Senilagu: Ajai<br>Senikata: [[Siti Nurhalizah]] # '''Lakaran Kehidupan'''<br>Senilagu: Mat SW.<br>Senikata: [[Siti Nurhalizah]] # '''Beradu di Khayalan'''<br>Senilagu: Aubrey Suwito<br>Senikata: Tisya == Produksi == * Penerbit Eksekutif: '''Tan Su Loke''' * Penerbit: '''Adnan Abu Hassan, Zulkefli Majid, Helen Yap, Azmeer, Pak Ngah, Ahmad Izham Omar, Ajai, Wong & Aubrey Suwito''' * Penyelaras Produksi: '''Jason Foo''' * Pengurus A&R: '''Sham Amir Hussain''' * A&R Coordinator: '''Zulkefli Majid''' * Pengurus Promosi: '''Bard''' * Unit Promosi: '''Ariffin, Shahrin, Azmi, Rahayu & Sabariah ([[Singapore]])''' * Studio Rakaman: '''Pro Recording Studio (Cheras Perdana)''' * Jururakam: '''Wong, Vincent & Koh''' * Mastering: '''Genesis Mastering Lab Sdn. Bhd.''' * Suara Latar: '''Swara, Adnan Abu Hassan, Lin, Zul, Ajai, Izad, Sanyzar, Haslan & [[Siti Nurhaliza]]''' * Jurufoto: '''A.D. Ho''' * Jurusolek: '''Nurul''' * Penaja Pakaian: '''Kenzo''' * Konsep Cover: '''As Design & Print''' {{musik-stub}} [[Kategori:Album]] {{Authority control}} gb5h8bjysxkpv2l2ajg37figujkdoq4 0 199198 1752209 1743015 2026-08-04T00:52:46Z ~2026-38892-59 73578 /* Dhaptar lagu */ 1752209 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Sanggar Mustika''''' minangka [[album studio]] [[Siti Nurhaliza]] kang kaping wolu. Album iki dirilis ing taun [[2002]]. == Dhaptar lagu == # '''Nirmala'''<br>Senilagu: [[Pak Ngah]]<br>Senikata: Ce'Kem # '''Joget Senyum Memikat'''<br>Senilagu: S. Atan<br>Senikata: Nurul Asyiqin # '''Panas Berteduh Gelap Bersuluh'''<br>Senilagu: Khir Rahman<br>Senikata: [[Siti Nurhalizah]] # '''Kurik Kundi'''<br>Senilagu: [[Pak Ngah]]<br>Senikata: Nurul Asyiqin # '''Bisikan Hati'''<br>Senilagu & Senikata: Haimon Abdul Rahman # '''Badarsila'''<br>Senilagu: Suflan Faidzal<br>Senikata: Lokgha # '''Syair Kamelia'''<br>Senilagu: S. Atan<br>Senikata: Nurul Asyiqin # '''Di Batas Masa'''<br>Senilagu: Naim<br>Senikata: Habsah Hassan # '''Sulam Sembilan'''<br>Senilagu: [[Pak Ngah]]<br>Senikata: Lokgha # '''Bunga Melor'''<br>Senilagu: [[P. Ramlee]]<br>Senikata: S. Sudarmaji == Produksi == * Penerbit Eksekutif: '''Tan Su Loke''' * Penerbit: '''Pak Ngah, Ramli MS & S. Atan''' * Penyelaras Produksi: '''Jason Foo''' * Pengurus A&R: '''Sham Amir Hussain''' * A&R Coordinator: '''Zulkefli Majid''' * Pengurus Promosi: '''Bard''' * Unit Promosi: '''Ariffin, Mie, Rahayu & Sabariah ([[Singapore]])''' * Juru Adun: '''Wong, Vincent, Koh & Ramli MS''' * Studio Rakaman: '''Pro Recording Studio (Cheras Perdana)''' * Juru Solek: '''Nurul''' * Fotografi: '''Bustamam Mokhtar''' * Konsep Cover: '''Rauna Jud''' * Mastering: '''Genesis Mastering Lab Sdn. Bhd.''' {{musik-stub}} [[Kategori:Album]] {{Authority control}} m8gymdao13cr5ocem1y763zi6av9h9s 0 199211 1752210 1745523 2026-08-04T00:54:04Z ~2026-38892-59 73578 /* Dhaptar lagu */ 1752210 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''E.M.A.S''''' (Edaran Muzik Aspirasi Semasa) kuwi [[album studio]] kaping sanga saka [[Siti Nurhaliza]] sing dirilis ing taun [[2003]] lan dadi album paling apik ing taun [[2004]] ing [[Malaysia]]. == Dhaptar lagu == # '''Bukan Cinta Biasa'''<br>Senilagu & Senikata: [[Dewiq]]/[[Siti Nurhaliza]] # '''Debaran Cinta'''<br>Senilagu: Zuriani<br>Senikata: Faridah Abdul Razak / [[Siti Nurhaliza]] # '''Untuk Selamanya'''<br>Senilagu: Julfekar / Rashid S.<br>Senikata: Rashid S. / Julfekar # '''Ku Yakini'''<br>Senilagu: Helen Yap<br>Senikata: [[Siti Nurhaliza]] # '''Oda Bumi Anbia'''<br>Senilagu: Mat SW.<br>Senikata: Ad Samad # '''Janji Kasih'''<br>Senilagu: Aidit Alfian<br>Senikata: [[Siti Nurhaliza]] # '''Sebenar Cinta'''<br>Senilagu: Ajai<br>Senikata: [[Siti Nurhaliza]] # '''Air Mata Ibu'''<br>Senilagu: Aiman<br>Senikata: Ad Samad / Tanty # '''Ku Milikmu'''<br>Senilagu: Zuriani<br>Senikata: M. Zulkifli / [[Siti Nurhaliza]] # '''Di Sini Ku Berjanji'''<br>Senilagu: Azmeer<br>Senikata: Senibayan == Produksi == * Penerbit Eksekutif: '''Tan Su Loke''' * Penolong Penerbit Eksekutif: '''Edwin Tan''' * Penerbit: '''Aubrey Suwito, Helen Yap, Zulkefli Majid, Aidit Alfian, Azmeer, Zuriani, Julfekar, Ajai & Wong''' * Penyelaras Produksi: '''Jason Foo''' * A&R Coordinator: '''Zulkefli Majid''' * Pengurus Promosi: '''Bard''' * Pengurusan Artis: '''Siti Nurhaliza Productions (M) Sdn Bhd''' * Unit Promosi: '''Ariffin, Mie, Rahayu & Sabariah ([[Singapore]])''' * Studio Rakaman: '''Pro Recording Studio (Cheras Perdana)''' * Juru Adun: '''Wong, Vincent & Koh''' * Mastering: '''Genesis Mastering Lab Sdn. Bhd.''' * Fotografi: '''Bustamam Mokhtar''' * Juru Solek: '''Nurul Shukor''' * Penaja Pakaian: '''Michael Ong, Butik Pepe''' * Penaja Aksesori: '''Christian Dior''' * Konsep Cover: '''Rauna Jud (Urban Ad)''' {{musik-stub}} [[Kategori:Album]] {{Authority control}} 2vv9a0dj0tp6t7270izsmb8rfwq9mbp 0 199213 1752211 1743014 2026-08-04T00:56:01Z ~2026-38892-59 73578 /* Dhaptar lagu */ 1752211 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Anugerah Aidilfitri''''' minangka [[album studio]] kasepuluh [[Siti Nurhaliza]]. Album iki dirilis ing taun [[2003]], tiba ing dina [[Idul Fitri]]. == Dhaptar lagu == # '''Anugerah Aidilfitri'''<br>Senilagu: [[Pak Ngah]]<br>Senikata: Ce'Kem # '''Mekar Hari Raya'''<br>Senilagu: Azmeer<br>Senikata: Senibayan # '''Meriah Suasana Hari Raya'''<br>Senilagu: Khir Rahman<br>Senikata: Hairul Anuar Harun # '''Bila Hari Raya Menjelma'''<br>Senilagu: S. Atan<br>Senikata: Nurul Asyiqin # '''Sesuci Lebaran'''<br>Senilagu: [[Pak Ngah]]<br>Senikata: Hairul Anuar Harun # '''Suara Takbir'''<br>Senilagu & Senikata: Copyright Controlled # '''Nazam Lebaran'''<br>Senilagu: [[Pak Ngah]]<br>Senikata: Nurul Asyiqin # '''Air Mata Syawal'''<br>Senilagu: [[Pak Ngah]]<br>Senikata: Nurul Asyiqin # '''Anugerah Aidilfitri (Instrumental)''' # '''Sesuci Lebaran (Instrumental)''' === VCD & DVD === # '''Introduksi''' # '''Anugerah Aidilfitri'''<br>Senilagu: [[Pak Ngah]]<br>Senikata: Ce'Kem # '''Mekar Hari Raya'''<br>Senilagu: Azmeer<br>Senikata: Senibayan # '''Meriah Suasana Hari Raya'''<br>Senilagu: Khir Rahman<br>Senikata: Hairul Anuar Harun # '''Bila Hari Raya Menjelma'''<br>Senilagu: S. Atan<br>Senikata: Nurul Asyiqin # '''Sesuci Lebaran'''<br>Senilagu: [[Pak Ngah]]<br>Senikata: Hairul Anuar Harun # '''Suara Takbir'''<br>Senilagu & Senikata: Copyright Controlled # '''Nazam Lebaran'''<br>Senilagu: [[Pak Ngah]]<br>Senikata: Nurul Asyiqin # '''Air Mata Syawal'''<br>Senilagu: [[Pak Ngah]]<br>Senikata: Nurul Asyiqin # '''Nikmat Hari Raya''' (karo [[Noraniza Idris]], New Boyz & Aqasha)<br>Senilagu: Murad<br>Senikata: Razak / Yaakob / Zainal / September 5 # '''Aidilfitri di Alaf Baru''' (karo [[Noraniza Idris]], [[Liza Hanim]] & Anis Suraya)<br>Senilagu: Khalil Shariff<br>Senikata: Asmah Ismail == Produksi == * Penerbit Eksekutif: '''Tan Su Loke''' * Penolong Penerbit Eksekutif: '''Edwin Tan''' * Penerbit: '''Pak Ngah, Azmeer, Khir Rahman & S. Atan''' * Penyelaras Produksi: '''Jason Foo''' * A&R Coordinator: '''Zulkefli Majid''' * Pengurus Promosi: '''Bard''' * Unit Promosi: '''Ariffin, Riz, Rahayu & Sabariah ([[Singapore]])''' * Jururakam: '''Wong, Vincent & Koh''' * Studio Rakaman: '''Pro Recording Studio (Cheras Perdana)''' * Jurusolek: '''Nurul''' * Fotografi: '''Bustamam Mokhtar''' * Mastering: '''Genesis Mastering Lab Sdn. Bhd.''' * Konsep Cover: '''As Design & Print''' * Penaja Pakaian: '''Siti Nurhaliza Collections''' {{musik-stub}} [[Kategori:Album]] h8r1j89q7j1vhkjnnmptvdvblg6fp3q 0 199309 1752212 1738350 2026-08-04T00:58:07Z ~2026-38892-59 73578 /* Dhaptar lagu */ 1752212 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Prasasti Seni''''' minangka [[album studio]] [[Siti Nurhaliza]] sing nomer sewelas. Album iki dirilis tanggal [[12 April]] [[2004]]. == Dhaptar lagu == # '''Introduksi Siti''' # '''Dialah di Hati'''<br>Senilagu: Aidit Alfian<br>Senikata: Habsah Hassan # '''Pendirianku'''<br>Senilagu: Zuriani<br>Senikata: M. Zulkifli # '''Cinta Tak Berganti'''<br>Senilagu: Iman Wan<br>Senikata: [[Siti Nurhaliza]] # '''Cahaya Seribu Liku'''<br>Senilagu: Andy Flop Poppy<br>Senikata: [[Siti Nurhaliza]] / Tanty # '''Hanya Dirimu'''<br>Senilagu: Ajai<br>Senikata: Hani MJ # '''Lagu Rindu'''<br>Senilagu & Senikata: Yasin # '''Sakti'''<br>Senilagu: Mohar<br>Senikata: Loloq # '''Pejam Matamu'''<br>Senilagu: G. Nola<br>Senikata: [[Siti Nurhaliza]] # '''Kembalikan Indah'''<br>Senilagu: Helen Yap<br>Senikata: [[Siti Nurhaliza]] / Slen # '''Ku Menunggu'''<br>Senilagu: Aidit Alfian<br>Senikata: Habsah Hassan # '''Seindah Biasa'''<br>Senilagu & Senikata: Pongky Jikustik # '''Prasasti Seni: Siti''' == Produksi == * Penerbit Eksekutif: '''Tan Su Loke''' * Penolong Penerbit Eksekutif: '''Edwin Tan''' * Penerbit: '''Aidit Alfian, Zuriani, Iman Wan, Andy Flop Poppy, Ajai, Yasin, Mohar, Along Exists, Helen Yap, Pongky Jikustik & Aubrey Suwito''' * Penyelaras Produksi: '''Jason Foo''' * A&R Coordinator: '''Zulkefli Majid''' * Pengurus Promosi: '''Bard''' * Pengurusan Artis: '''Siti Nurhaliza Productions (M) Sdn Bhd''' * Unit Promosi: '''Ariffin, Riz, Rahayu & Sabariah ([[Singapura]])''' * Juru Adun: '''Wong, Vincent & Koh''' * Studio Rakaman: '''Pro Recording Studio (Cheras Perdana)''' * Juru Solek: '''Nurul Syukur''' * Fotografi: '''Bustamam Mokhtar''' * Konsep Cover: '''Rauna Jud (Urban Ad)''' * Mastering: '''Genesis Mastering Lab Sdn Bhd''' * Tajaan pakaian: '''Ong's Collection''' * Tajaan penginapan: '''D'Ark Resort, Janda Baik''' {{musik-stub}} [[Kategori:Album]] {{Authority control}} jdvepmvkqny54ezqs3cqs0be97364c4 0 199832 1752218 1747409 2026-08-04T01:28:27Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1752218 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sukur Ngablak''' inggih punika salah satunggaling tradhisi masyarakat agraris ing tlatah pedesaan Jawa ingkang ngemot unsur religius, sosial, saha kultural. Tradhisi punika tuwuh minangka wujud pangatur panuwun awit asil panen, kaslametan desa, saha kawilujengan rejeki ingkang dipun pracaya asalipun saking Gusti Ingkang Maha Kuwasa. Ing lampahipun, Sukur Ngablak nyawijikaken unsur adat lokal, simbolisme agraris, saha nilai-nilai spiritual ingkang dipun warisaken turun-temurun. Tradhisi punika lumrahipun kalampahan kanthi bebarengan déning warga desa lan dados pérangan wigati saking siklus gesang sosial masyarakat.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://radarmalang.jawapos.com/lifestyle/817193471/sukur-ngablak-ungkapan-untuk-orang-yang-asal-bicara|title=Sukur Ngablak, Ungkapan untuk Orang yang Asal Bicara - Radar Malang|last=Novrian|first=Aditya|website=Sukur Ngablak, Ungkapan untuk Orang yang Asal Bicara - Radar Malang|language=id|access-date=2026-02-19}}{{Pranala mati|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Miturut tegesipun, tembung “sukur” asalipun saking “syukur” ingkang tegesipun panuwun utawi raos matur nuwun awit nikmat ingkang kaparingaken. Déné “ngablak” wonten ing basa Jawa gadhah teges kabuka, lega, utawi tumindak ingkang kalampahan kanthi terang-terangan lan bebarengan. Mila, Sukur Ngablak saged dipun tegesi minangka pangatur panuwun ingkang kalampahan kanthi kabuka lan kolektif déning masyarakat. Makna punika nggambaraken sipat komunal masyarakat agraris Jawa ingkang ngedepaken kabersamaan minangka dhasar gesang sosial.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wiradesa.co/melestarikan-tradisi-saparan-dengan-berkunjung-keluarga-ke-bandongan-kulon-dan-sekitar-gunung-andong-telomoyo-merbabu-dengan-naik-kuda/|title=Melestarikan Tradisi Saparan dengan Berkunjung Keluarga ke Bandongan Kulon dan Sekitar Gunung Andong, Telomoyo, Merbabu dengan Naik Kuda|last=Redaksi|date=2024-08-27|website=Wiradesa.co|language=id|access-date=2026-02-19}}</ref> == Sajarah == Ing babagan sejarah, tradhisi Sukur Ngablak boten saged kapisahaken saking sistem tetanen tradisional ingkang sampun ngrembaka wiwit jaman karajan kuna kados Kerajaan Mataram Kuno lan Kerajaan Majapahit. Ing wekdal punika, sistem irigasi saha persawahan dados tulang punggung perekonomian masyarakat. Upacara syukuran panen dados pérangan saking ritus agraris ingkang ancasipun njagi kaselarasan antawisipun manungsa, alam, saha kakuwatan adikodrati. Nalika Islam mlebet ing tanah Jawa, nilai-nilai Islam lajeng nyawiji kaliyan adat lokal tanpa ngilangaken inti rasa syukur ingkang dados dhasar tradhisi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mijil.id/t/tradisi-saparan-sebagai-wujud-syukur-masyarakat-ngablak-magelang/10052|title=Tradisi Saparan Sebagai Wujud Syukur Masyarakat Ngablak, Magelang|date=2026-01-06|website=mijil.id|language=en|access-date=2026-02-19}}</ref> Saka sudut pandang sosiologis, Sukur Ngablak gadhah fungsi minangka sarana ngiyataken solidaritas sosial. Warga desa sami nglumpuk wonten ing balai desa, lapangan, utawi pinggir sawah kanggé nindakaken donga bebarengan, kenduri, saha pambagian asil bumi. Kagiyatan punika nguwataken nilai gotong royong ingkang dados ciri khas masyarakat Jawa. Sedaya lapisan masyarakat, wiwit saking petani, piranti desa, tokoh agama, dumugi para nom-noman, sami melu nyengkuyung lan nyiapaken kabutuhan acara.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.liputan6.com/regional/read/6017093/hutan-desa-ngablak-magelang-destinasi-healing-di-lereng-merbabu|title=Hutan Desa Ngablak Magelang, Destinasi Healing di Lereng Merbabu|last=Liputan6.com|date=2025-05-11|website=liputan6.com|language=id|access-date=2026-02-19}}</ref> Rangkaian acara Sukur Ngablak lumrahipun dipun wiwiti kanthi rembug desa kanggé nemtokaken wekdal pelaksanaan. Wektu punika asring dipun sesuaikaken kaliyan penanggalan Jawa utawi sasampunipun panen raya. Salajengipun, warga sami nyiapaken tumpeng, asil bumi, jajanan tradisional, saha sesaji simbolik. Tumpeng nggambaraken sesambetan vertikal antawisipun manungsa kaliyan Gusti, déné asil bumi ingkang dipun tata ngubengi tumpeng minangka pralambang kamakmuran lan kabecikan ingkang dipun pengajab lestari.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.liputan6.com/regional/read/6017093/hutan-desa-ngablak-magelang-destinasi-healing-di-lereng-merbabu|title=Hutan Desa Ngablak Magelang, Destinasi Healing di Lereng Merbabu|last=Liputan6.com|date=2025-05-11|website=liputan6.com|language=id|access-date=2026-02-19}}</ref> Ing sawetawis tlatah, Sukur Ngablak ugi dipun iringi pagelaran seni tradisional kados wayang kulit, jaran kepang, utawi gamelan. Kesenian punika boten namung dados hiburan, nanging ugi minangka sarana pawiyatan budaya kanggé nerusaken nilai moral saha sejarah lokal dhateng generasi enom. Unsur seni punika negesaken bilih Sukur Ngablak boten namung ritual religius, nanging ugi ekspresi identitas budaya masyarakat.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.msn.com/id-id/berita/other/festival-budaya-suran-ke-9-desa-ngablak-magelang-warga-rayakan-tradisi-perkuat-identitas-budaya-lokal/ar-AA1HzEjE|title=MSN|website=www.msn.com|access-date=2026-02-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wiradesa.co/melestarikan-tradisi-saparan-dengan-berkunjung-keluarga-ke-bandongan-kulon-dan-sekitar-gunung-andong-telomoyo-merbabu-dengan-naik-kuda/|title=Melestarikan Tradisi Saparan dengan Berkunjung Keluarga ke Bandongan Kulon dan Sekitar Gunung Andong, Telomoyo, Merbabu dengan Naik Kuda|last=Redaksi|date=2024-08-27|website=Wiradesa.co|language=id|access-date=2026-02-19}}</ref> Saka perspektif antropologi budaya, Sukur Ngablak saged dipuntingali minangka ritual transisi saking mangsa kerja abot ing sawah tumuju mangsa perayaan lan istirahat. Ritual punika damel ruang simbolik ingkang ndadosaken struktur sosial dados langkung egaliter; sedaya warga lungguh bebarengan, nedha sesarengan, lan guyub rukun tanpa mbedakaken drajat. Kahanan punika ngiyataken kohesi sosial saha nyuda potensi konflik internal.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.detik.com/jateng/berita/d-8099951/hobi-nyawer-penyanyi-berujung-pak-kades-korupsi-ratusan-juta|title=Hobi Nyawer Penyanyi Berujung Pak Kades Korupsi Ratusan Juta|last=detikJateng|first=Tim|website=detikjateng|language=id-ID|access-date=2026-02-19}}{{Pranala mati|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mijil.id/t/tradisi-saparan-sebagai-wujud-syukur-masyarakat-ngablak-magelang/10052|title=Tradisi Saparan Sebagai Wujud Syukur Masyarakat Ngablak, Magelang|date=2026-01-06|website=mijil.id|language=en|access-date=2026-02-19}}</ref> == Relevansi == Ing jaman modhèrn, tradhisi Sukur Ngablak ngadhepi tantangan amargi owah-owahan pola ekonomi saking agraris dados industri lan jasa. Nanging, ing kathah desa, tradhisi punika taksih dipun lestantunaken minangka identitas lokal, malah wonten ingkang ngrembakakaken dados daya tarik wisata budaya. Pamaréntah daerah asring nyengkuyung kanthi nempataken Sukur Ngablak minangka pérangan kalender acara budaya taunan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://newsmaker.tribunnews.com/2024/02/03/sukur-warga-probolinggo-lari-terbirit-birit-saat-ketahuan-curi-kutang-emak-emak-rencana-jual-di-fb|title=Sukur Warga Probolinggo Lari Terbirit-birit saat Ketahuan Curi Kutang Emak-emak: Rencana Jual di FB|website=Tribunnewsmaker.com|language=id-ID|access-date=2026-02-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wiradesa.co/melestarikan-tradisi-saparan-dengan-berkunjung-keluarga-ke-bandongan-kulon-dan-sekitar-gunung-andong-telomoyo-merbabu-dengan-naik-kuda/|title=Melestarikan Tradisi Saparan dengan Berkunjung Keluarga ke Bandongan Kulon dan Sekitar Gunung Andong, Telomoyo, Merbabu dengan Naik Kuda|last=Redaksi|date=2024-08-27|website=Wiradesa.co|language=id|access-date=2026-02-19}}</ref> Upaya pelestarian kalampahan lumantar dokumentasi, pendhidhikan budaya ing sekolah, saha keterlibatan generasi enom. Partisipasi para mudha dados kunci supados tradhisi boten kabucal déning arus globalisasi. Kanthi adaptasi kreatif tanpa ngilangaken nilai inti, Sukur Ngablak saged lestari lan tetep relevan ing tengahing masyarakat modhèrn. Miturut sakabèhé, Sukur Ngablak minangka wujud nyata kearifan lokal masyarakat Jawa ing nglestantunaken sesambetan harmonis antawisipun manungsa, alam, lan Gusti. Tradhisi punika negesaken pentinge rasa syukur minangka pondasi gesang sosial, saha nedahaken dinamika budaya ingkang saged owah nanging boten ninggalaken oyot sejarahipun. Kanthi ngurmati lan nglestantunaken Sukur Ngablak, masyarakat sami njagi warisan leluhur lan nilai kabersamaan ingkang dados inti identitas budaya Jawa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://suaraindonesia.co.id/news/news/68f9b819c6d93/Kabar-Duka-Pelawak-Sukur-Probolinggo-Dibantah-Yuda-Abah-Hanya-Sakit|title=Kabar Duka Pelawak Sukur Probolinggo Dibantah, Yuda: Abah Hanya Sakit|last=INDONESIA|first=SUARA|website=SUARA INDONESIA|language=id|access-date=2026-02-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wiradesa.co/melestarikan-tradisi-saparan-dengan-berkunjung-keluarga-ke-bandongan-kulon-dan-sekitar-gunung-andong-telomoyo-merbabu-dengan-naik-kuda/|title=Melestarikan Tradisi Saparan dengan Berkunjung Keluarga ke Bandongan Kulon dan Sekitar Gunung Andong, Telomoyo, Merbabu dengan Naik Kuda|last=Redaksi|date=2024-08-27|website=Wiradesa.co|language=id|access-date=2026-02-19}}</ref> == Rujukan == kjx9gg3mh4n5k7qn6vv3pv6p1h2pqx8 0 200444 1752194 1749731 2026-08-03T21:54:22Z ~2026-38892-59 73578 /* Album studio */ 1752194 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox wong}} '''Zuraidah binti Badron''' utawa '''Syura Badron''' ({{lahirmati|Kempas, [[Johor Bahru]], [[Johor]], [[Malaysia]]|6|10|1986}}) iku [[penyanyi]] lan [[aktris]] [[Malaysia]].<ref name="Syura penyanyi kampung">{{cite news|url=https://www.bharian.com.my/taxonomy/term/8/2016/01/115645/syura-terkenang-zaman-dilabel-penyanyi-kampung|title=Syura terkenang zaman dilabel penyanyi kampung|author=Zaidi Mohamad|publisher=Berita Harian|date=18 Januari 2016|accessdate=28 Mèi 2026}}</ref> Lair ing [[Johor Bahru]], [[Johor]], Syura miwiti karir musiké ing taun 2000 nalika dhèwèké nandatangani kontrak rekaman karo Fantasia Music City (FMC) ing ngendi dhèwèké ngrilis limang album.<ref name="Syura penyanyi kampung"/> Ing taun 2013, Syura dadi salah siji saka 20 kontestan ''MasterChef Selebriti Malaysia'' mangsa kapindho ing ngendi dhèwèké menangaké gelar kasebut. Dhèwèké bali aktif ing industri musik kanthi dadi salah sawijining kontestan ing ''Gegar Vaganza'' musim kaping 4 ing ngendi dhèwèké tereliminasi ing minggu kapitu konser kasebut.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bharian.com.my/hiburan/selebriti/2017/12/362299/orang-seram-tengok-saya-syura|title=Orang seram tengok saya: Syura|author=Syarridzuan Abdul Rashid|publisher=Berita Harian|date=12 Dhésèmber 2017|accessdate=28 Mèi 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.hmetro.com.my/rap/2019/12/529905/syura-berdepan-laluan-sukar-untuk-kemunculan-semula|title=Syura berdepan laluan sukar untuk kemunculan semula|author=Norhayati Nordin|publisher=Harian Metro|date=28 Dhésèmber 2019|accessdate=28 Mèi 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.hmetro.com.my/rap/2018/02/314157/syura-keluar-zon-selesa|title=Syura keluar zon selesa|author=Norhayati Nordin|publisher=Harian Metro|date=19 Fèbruari 2018|accessdate=28 Mèi 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.hmetro.com.my/utama/2018/10/386502/serius-kembangkan-bakat|title=Serius kembangkan bakat|author=Sudirman Mohd Tahir|publisher=Harian Metro|date=15 Oktober 2018|accessdate=28 Mèi 2026}}</ref> == Diskografi == === Album studio === * ''[[Aroma (album)|Aroma]]'' (2000) * ''Aruda'' (2003) * ''Balaghah'' (2004) * ''Syahda Berdendang'' (2006) * ''Khazanah Pujangga'' (2008) * ''Simbolik Cinta'' (2013) == Filmografi == === Film === * ''Bilut'' (2006) == Cathetan suku == {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Badron, Syura}} [[Kategori:Penyanyi Malaysia]] [[Kategori:Aktris Malaysia]] [[Kategori:Tokoh Melayu]] {{indo-bio-stub}} {{Authority control}} d951jjdeiebtthpa1qe37t6gr7h0dwl 1752199 1752194 2026-08-04T00:19:45Z ~2026-38892-59 73578 /* Album studio */ 1752199 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox wong}} '''Zuraidah binti Badron''' utawa '''Syura Badron''' ({{lahirmati|Kempas, [[Johor Bahru]], [[Johor]], [[Malaysia]]|6|10|1986}}) iku [[penyanyi]] lan [[aktris]] [[Malaysia]].<ref name="Syura penyanyi kampung">{{cite news|url=https://www.bharian.com.my/taxonomy/term/8/2016/01/115645/syura-terkenang-zaman-dilabel-penyanyi-kampung|title=Syura terkenang zaman dilabel penyanyi kampung|author=Zaidi Mohamad|publisher=Berita Harian|date=18 Januari 2016|accessdate=28 Mèi 2026}}</ref> Lair ing [[Johor Bahru]], [[Johor]], Syura miwiti karir musiké ing taun 2000 nalika dhèwèké nandatangani kontrak rekaman karo Fantasia Music City (FMC) ing ngendi dhèwèké ngrilis limang album.<ref name="Syura penyanyi kampung"/> Ing taun 2013, Syura dadi salah siji saka 20 kontestan ''MasterChef Selebriti Malaysia'' mangsa kapindho ing ngendi dhèwèké menangaké gelar kasebut. Dhèwèké bali aktif ing industri musik kanthi dadi salah sawijining kontestan ing ''Gegar Vaganza'' musim kaping 4 ing ngendi dhèwèké tereliminasi ing minggu kapitu konser kasebut.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bharian.com.my/hiburan/selebriti/2017/12/362299/orang-seram-tengok-saya-syura|title=Orang seram tengok saya: Syura|author=Syarridzuan Abdul Rashid|publisher=Berita Harian|date=12 Dhésèmber 2017|accessdate=28 Mèi 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.hmetro.com.my/rap/2019/12/529905/syura-berdepan-laluan-sukar-untuk-kemunculan-semula|title=Syura berdepan laluan sukar untuk kemunculan semula|author=Norhayati Nordin|publisher=Harian Metro|date=28 Dhésèmber 2019|accessdate=28 Mèi 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.hmetro.com.my/rap/2018/02/314157/syura-keluar-zon-selesa|title=Syura keluar zon selesa|author=Norhayati Nordin|publisher=Harian Metro|date=19 Fèbruari 2018|accessdate=28 Mèi 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.hmetro.com.my/utama/2018/10/386502/serius-kembangkan-bakat|title=Serius kembangkan bakat|author=Sudirman Mohd Tahir|publisher=Harian Metro|date=15 Oktober 2018|accessdate=28 Mèi 2026}}</ref> == Diskografi == === Album studio === * ''[[Aroma (album)|Aroma]]'' (2000) * ''[[Aruda (album)|Aruda]]'' (2003) * ''Balaghah'' (2004) * ''Syahda Berdendang'' (2006) * ''Khazanah Pujangga'' (2008) * ''Simbolik Cinta'' (2013) == Filmografi == === Film === * ''Bilut'' (2006) == Cathetan suku == {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Badron, Syura}} [[Kategori:Penyanyi Malaysia]] [[Kategori:Aktris Malaysia]] [[Kategori:Tokoh Melayu]] {{indo-bio-stub}} {{Authority control}} g5x5w2va6ddcst22saq1t0e54xd9wpv 1752204 1752199 2026-08-04T00:42:29Z ~2026-38892-59 73578 /* Album studio */ 1752204 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox wong}} '''Zuraidah binti Badron''' utawa '''Syura Badron''' ({{lahirmati|Kempas, [[Johor Bahru]], [[Johor]], [[Malaysia]]|6|10|1986}}) iku [[penyanyi]] lan [[aktris]] [[Malaysia]].<ref name="Syura penyanyi kampung">{{cite news|url=https://www.bharian.com.my/taxonomy/term/8/2016/01/115645/syura-terkenang-zaman-dilabel-penyanyi-kampung|title=Syura terkenang zaman dilabel penyanyi kampung|author=Zaidi Mohamad|publisher=Berita Harian|date=18 Januari 2016|accessdate=28 Mèi 2026}}</ref> Lair ing [[Johor Bahru]], [[Johor]], Syura miwiti karir musiké ing taun 2000 nalika dhèwèké nandatangani kontrak rekaman karo Fantasia Music City (FMC) ing ngendi dhèwèké ngrilis limang album.<ref name="Syura penyanyi kampung"/> Ing taun 2013, Syura dadi salah siji saka 20 kontestan ''MasterChef Selebriti Malaysia'' mangsa kapindho ing ngendi dhèwèké menangaké gelar kasebut. Dhèwèké bali aktif ing industri musik kanthi dadi salah sawijining kontestan ing ''Gegar Vaganza'' musim kaping 4 ing ngendi dhèwèké tereliminasi ing minggu kapitu konser kasebut.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bharian.com.my/hiburan/selebriti/2017/12/362299/orang-seram-tengok-saya-syura|title=Orang seram tengok saya: Syura|author=Syarridzuan Abdul Rashid|publisher=Berita Harian|date=12 Dhésèmber 2017|accessdate=28 Mèi 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.hmetro.com.my/rap/2019/12/529905/syura-berdepan-laluan-sukar-untuk-kemunculan-semula|title=Syura berdepan laluan sukar untuk kemunculan semula|author=Norhayati Nordin|publisher=Harian Metro|date=28 Dhésèmber 2019|accessdate=28 Mèi 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.hmetro.com.my/rap/2018/02/314157/syura-keluar-zon-selesa|title=Syura keluar zon selesa|author=Norhayati Nordin|publisher=Harian Metro|date=19 Fèbruari 2018|accessdate=28 Mèi 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.hmetro.com.my/utama/2018/10/386502/serius-kembangkan-bakat|title=Serius kembangkan bakat|author=Sudirman Mohd Tahir|publisher=Harian Metro|date=15 Oktober 2018|accessdate=28 Mèi 2026}}</ref> == Diskografi == === Album studio === * ''[[Aroma (album)|Aroma]]'' (2000) * ''[[Aruda (album)|Aruda]]'' (2003) * ''[[Balaghah (album)|Balaghah]]'' (2004) * ''Syahda Berdendang'' (2006) * ''Khazanah Pujangga'' (2008) * ''Simbolik Cinta'' (2013) == Filmografi == === Film === * ''Bilut'' (2006) == Cathetan suku == {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Badron, Syura}} [[Kategori:Penyanyi Malaysia]] [[Kategori:Aktris Malaysia]] [[Kategori:Tokoh Melayu]] {{indo-bio-stub}} {{Authority control}} etpmgyh7k5u472408fee2h0hazvifnw 1752217 1752204 2026-08-04T01:25:25Z ~2026-38892-59 73578 1752217 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox wong}} '''Zuraidah binti Badron''' utawa '''Syura Badron''' ({{lahirmati|Kempas, [[Johor Bahru]], [[Johor]], [[Malaysia]]|6|10|1986}}) iku [[penyanyi]] lan [[aktris]] [[Malaysia]].<ref name="Syura penyanyi kampung">{{cite news|url=https://www.bharian.com.my/taxonomy/term/8/2016/01/115645/syura-terkenang-zaman-dilabel-penyanyi-kampung|title=Syura terkenang zaman dilabel penyanyi kampung|author=Zaidi Mohamad|publisher=Berita Harian|date=18 Januari 2016|accessdate=28 Mèi 2026}}</ref> Lair ing [[Johor Bahru]], [[Johor]], Syura miwiti karir musiké ing taun 2000 nalika dhèwèké nandatangani kontrak rekaman karo Fantasia Music City (FMC) ing ngendi dhèwèké ngrilis limang album.<ref name="Syura penyanyi kampung"/> Ing taun 2013, Syura dadi salah siji saka 20 kontestan ''MasterChef Selebriti Malaysia'' mangsa kapindho ing ngendi dhèwèké menangaké gelar kasebut. Dhèwèké bali aktif ing industri musik kanthi dadi salah sawijining kontestan ing ''Gegar Vaganza'' musim kaping 4 ing ngendi dhèwèké tereliminasi ing minggu kapitu konser kasebut.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bharian.com.my/hiburan/selebriti/2017/12/362299/orang-seram-tengok-saya-syura|title=Orang seram tengok saya: Syura|author=Syarridzuan Abdul Rashid|publisher=Berita Harian|date=12 Dhésèmber 2017|accessdate=28 Mèi 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.hmetro.com.my/rap/2019/12/529905/syura-berdepan-laluan-sukar-untuk-kemunculan-semula|title=Syura berdepan laluan sukar untuk kemunculan semula|author=Norhayati Nordin|publisher=Harian Metro|date=28 Dhésèmber 2019|accessdate=28 Mèi 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.hmetro.com.my/rap/2018/02/314157/syura-keluar-zon-selesa|title=Syura keluar zon selesa|author=Norhayati Nordin|publisher=Harian Metro|date=19 Fèbruari 2018|accessdate=28 Mèi 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.hmetro.com.my/utama/2018/10/386502/serius-kembangkan-bakat|title=Serius kembangkan bakat|author=Sudirman Mohd Tahir|publisher=Harian Metro|date=15 Oktober 2018|accessdate=28 Mèi 2026}}</ref> == Diskografi == === Album studio === * ''[[Aroma (album)|Aroma]]'' (2000) * ''[[Aruda (album)|Aruda]]'' (2003) * ''[[Balaghah (album)|Balaghah]]'' (2004) * ''[[Syahda Berdendang]]'' (2006) * ''Khazanah Pujangga'' (2008) * ''Simbolik Cinta'' (2013) == Filmografi == === Film === * ''Bilut'' (2006) == Cathetan suku == {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Badron, Syura}} [[Kategori:Penyanyi Malaysia]] [[Kategori:Aktris Malaysia]] [[Kategori:Tokoh Melayu]] {{indo-bio-stub}} {{Authority control}} nsc1xv0j50qb5qo7hg2u7xwe8dkyedf 0 200653 1752189 1752100 2026-08-03T21:42:58Z Meursault2004 3 + kothak info 1752189 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="300px" align="right" style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<span style="font-size:large;">''{{PAGENAME}}'''</span> |- |style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2| [[File:Ceuta en.png|thumb|Ceuta]] |- ! colspan="2" | Katrangan cekak |-style="background: #ffffff;" | Tanggal: || {{start date|2026|7|30|df=yes}} – present |-style="background: #ffffff;" | Lokasi: || [[Ceuta]] (primary incident) <br/> [[Melilla]] (minor incursion) |-style="background: #ffffff;" | Jinis: || [[International incident]] <br/> [[Invasion]]<ref>{{cite news |title=‘Not Morocco!’ Thousands of migrants enter Ceuta and beg not to be sent back |url=https://english.elpais.com/spain/2026-07-31/not-morocco-thousands-of-migrants-enter-ceuta-and-beg-not-to-be-sent-back.html |work=El País |date=31 July 2026 |quote=Taxi drivers called it an invasion}}</ref> <br/> Violation of [[territorial integrity]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Sánchez: Ceuta migrant crisis 'a violation of territorial integrity' |url=https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2026/07/31/sanchez-on-ceuta-migrant-crisis-it-is-a-violation-of-territorial-integrity |work=Euronews |date=31 July 2026 |quote=The prime minister slammed the massive influx of migrants crossing over from Morocco as a 'violation of Spain's territorial integrity'}}</ref> |-style="background: #ffffff;" | Sing marahi: || Rumor ing mèdhia sosial |-style="background: #ffffff;" | Cacahé wong sing nglakoni: || 60.000 |-style="background: #ffffff;" | Cacahé korban: || Minimal 110 jiwa tiwas: *88 in [[Ceuta]], Spain<ref name=TheObjective>{{cite web |url= https://theobjective.com/espana/2026-08-03/gobierno-ceuta-numero-muertos/ |title=El Gobierno de Ceuta eleva a 88 el número de muertos durante la entrada masiva |website=The Objective |access-date=3 August 2026 |language=es |date=3 August 2026 }}</ref> *11 in [[Melilla]], Spain<ref name="InteriorMinistry">{{cite web |title=11 died in mass crossing to Spain; migration fueled by misinformation of court ruling — Moroccan Interior Ministry |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/11-died-in-mass-crossing-to-spain-migration-fueled-by-misinformation-of-court-ruling-moroccan-interior-ministry/ |website=www.timesofisrael.com |access-date=2 August 2026 |publisher=[[The Times of Israel]] by [[Reuters]] |date=2 August 2026}}</ref> *11 in [[Fnideq]], Morocco<ref name="FinancialTimes">{{cite news |author1=Malaika Kanaaneh Tapper |author1-link= |title=Morocco counts its dead and missing after mass swim to Ceuta |url=https://www.ft.com/content/a01171e8-f8a1-4e2c-b3f7-f79f9cd11651?syn-25a6b1a6=1 |access-date=3 August 2026 |publisher=Financial Times |date=2 August 2026 |archive-url= |archive-date= |location=Fnideq |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Infobae">{{cite news |author1=Jorge Ortega |author2=Andrea de Lucas |title=Última hora de la crisis migratoria de Ceuta |url=https://www.infobae.com/espana/2026/08/03/ultima-hora-de-la-crisis-migratoria-de-ceuta-y-el-cruce-masivo-de-la-frontera-en-directo-marruecos-reconoce-40000-entradas-de-migrantes-a-territorio-espanol-mientras-achaca-la-crisis-a-mafias-desinformacion-y-malentendidos-sobre-la-sentencia-del-supremo/ |access-date=3 August 2026 |publisher=Infobae |date=3 August 2026 |language=es}}</ref> |} Ing pungkasan sasi Juli 2026, kira-kira ana 60.000 manungsa, umumé wong lanang enom, sing nyabrang tapel wates saka Maroko menyang kutha [[Ceuta]], sawijining kutha otonomi Spanyol ing Afrika Lor. Sawatara uga nyoba nyabrang menyang [[Melilla]], sing ngebaki fasilitas tampung lokal lan marahi pamréntah Ceuta njaluk kahanan dharurat nasional saka Spanyol. Umumé waong-wong kuwi olèhé mlebu kanthi nglangi ing sakiwatengené pamecah umbak Tarajal lan Benzú utawa kanthi nyebrang kanthi mlaku ing sadawané pasisir. Ing tanggal 31 Juli, para pamangku Spanyol ujar manawa udakara satengah saka wong-wong sing mlebu wis bali menyang Maroko kanthi sukalila, déné cacahé korban jiwa amarga klelep lan kadadéyan liyane olèhé nyabrang sagara wis mundhak dadi paling ora 67 jiwa.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/8/1/spain-says-migrants-leaving-ceuta-after-mass-influx-in-which-67-died|title=Spain says migrants leaving Ceuta after mass influx in which 67 died|work=Al Jazeera|date=1 August 2026}}</ref> ==Tanggepan Spanyol== *Spanyol ngirim unit polisi lan militer tambahan menyang Ceuta, nambali kakuwatan aman tapel wates, lan banjur masang alangan sagara sing ngambang kanggo nyegah panyabrangan sabanjuré. * Bali menyang Maroko: Sajroné rong dina, luwih saka 48.000 migran bali menyang Maroko, kanthi sukalila utawa diuliahaké. Amarga Ceuta ndarbèni kontrol tapel wates kusus, migran ora bisa terus mlebu ing dharatan Spanyol utawa laladan Schengen liyané. * Apa sing marahi: Spanyol mbantah manawa lonjakan kasebut didorong dening informasi sing salah sing disebarake dening jaringan penyelundupan manungsa, kalebu klaim palsu manawa migran bisa kanthi gampang tekan Eropa sawise putusan pengadilan Spanyol anyar. Sawetara analis lan tokoh oposisi uga menehi saran supaya Maroko sengaja ngendhokke kontrol tapel wates kanggo meksa Spanyol kanthi pulitik, kaya [[krisis tapel wates 2021]]. Maroko durung nampa interpretasi kasebut. * Réaksi Eropa: Krisis kasebut nyebabake diskusi darurat ing EU. Sawetara negara ngencengi pamriksan tapel wates, lan Italia sementara nundha aspek gerakan bebas karo Spanyol, kanthi alesan manawa langkah-langkah sing luar biasa dibutuhaké. == Kontèks sajarah == Kedadeyan iki meh padha karo kedadean tapel wates Maroko-Spanyol taun 2021, nalika udakara 8.000 migran mlebu Ceuta sawise Maroko dituduh ngendhokke penegakan tapel wates sajrone perselisihan diplomatik babagan Sahara Kulon. Kedadeyan taun 2026 luwih gedhe lan nyebabake luwih akeh korban jiwa. Sakabèhé, kedadean iki ora mung dadi darurat kamanungsan nanging uga dadi tes diplomatik utama kanggo Spanyol, Maroko, lan Uni Eropa, sing nuwuhake pitakonan babagan kabijakan migrasi, keamanan tapel wates, lan pengaruh politik sing bisa diwenehake migrasi ing hubungan internasional. == Réferènsi == {{reflist}} == Deleng uga == * [[Insidhèn wates antara Maroko–Spanyol taun 2021]] [[Kategori:2026]] 1776w3iyeajx2s8eytu3ve9o1f28b32 1752190 1752189 2026-08-03T21:46:29Z Meursault2004 3 sithik 1752190 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="300px" align="right" style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<span style="font-size:large;">''{{PAGENAME}}'''</span> |- |style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2| [[File:Ceuta en.png|240px|Ceuta]] </br>Ceuta |- ! colspan="2" | Katrangan cekak |-style="background: #ffffff;" | Tanggal: || {{start date|2026|7|30|df=yes}} – saiki |-style="background: #ffffff;" | Lokasi: || [[Ceuta]] (insidhèn baken) <br/> [[Melilla]] (sithik) |-style="background: #ffffff;" | Jinis: || Insidhèn internasional <br/> [[Invasion]]<ref>{{cite news |title=‘Not Morocco!’ Thousands of migrants enter Ceuta and beg not to be sent back |url=https://english.elpais.com/spain/2026-07-31/not-morocco-thousands-of-migrants-enter-ceuta-and-beg-not-to-be-sent-back.html |work=El País |date=31 July 2026 |quote=Taxi drivers called it an invasion}}</ref> <br/> Violation of [[territorial integrity]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Sánchez: Ceuta migrant crisis 'a violation of territorial integrity' |url=https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2026/07/31/sanchez-on-ceuta-migrant-crisis-it-is-a-violation-of-territorial-integrity |work=Euronews |date=31 July 2026 |quote=The prime minister slammed the massive influx of migrants crossing over from Morocco as a 'violation of Spain's territorial integrity'}}</ref> |-style="background: #ffffff;" | Sing marahi: || Rumor ing mèdhia sosial |-style="background: #ffffff;" | Cacahé wong sing nglakoni: || 60.000 |-style="background: #ffffff;" | Cacahé korban: || Minimal 110 jiwa tiwas: *88 ing [[Ceuta]], Spanyol<ref name=TheObjective>{{cite web |url= https://theobjective.com/espana/2026-08-03/gobierno-ceuta-numero-muertos/ |title=El Gobierno de Ceuta eleva a 88 el número de muertos durante la entrada masiva |website=The Objective |access-date=3 August 2026 |language=es |date=3 August 2026 }}</ref> *11 ing [[Melilla]], Spanyol<ref name="InteriorMinistry">{{cite web |title=11 died in mass crossing to Spain; migration fueled by misinformation of court ruling — Moroccan Interior Ministry |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/11-died-in-mass-crossing-to-spain-migration-fueled-by-misinformation-of-court-ruling-moroccan-interior-ministry/ |website=www.timesofisrael.com |access-date=2 August 2026 |publisher=[[The Times of Israel]] by [[Reuters]] |date=2 August 2026}}</ref> *11 ing [[Fnideq]], Maroko<ref name="FinancialTimes">{{cite news |author1=Malaika Kanaaneh Tapper |author1-link= |title=Morocco counts its dead and missing after mass swim to Ceuta |url=https://www.ft.com/content/a01171e8-f8a1-4e2c-b3f7-f79f9cd11651?syn-25a6b1a6=1 |access-date=3 August 2026 |publisher=Financial Times |date=2 August 2026 |archive-url= |archive-date= |location=Fnideq |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Infobae">{{cite news |author1=Jorge Ortega |author2=Andrea de Lucas |title=Última hora de la crisis migratoria de Ceuta |url=https://www.infobae.com/espana/2026/08/03/ultima-hora-de-la-crisis-migratoria-de-ceuta-y-el-cruce-masivo-de-la-frontera-en-directo-marruecos-reconoce-40000-entradas-de-migrantes-a-territorio-espanol-mientras-achaca-la-crisis-a-mafias-desinformacion-y-malentendidos-sobre-la-sentencia-del-supremo/ |access-date=3 August 2026 |publisher=Infobae |date=3 August 2026 |language=es}}</ref> |} Ing pungkasan sasi Juli 2026, kira-kira ana 60.000 manungsa, umumé wong lanang enom, sing nyabrang tapel wates saka Maroko menyang kutha [[Ceuta]], sawijining kutha otonomi Spanyol ing Afrika Lor. Sawatara uga nyoba nyabrang menyang [[Melilla]], sing ngebaki fasilitas tampung lokal lan marahi pamréntah Ceuta njaluk kahanan dharurat nasional saka Spanyol. Umumé waong-wong kuwi olèhé mlebu kanthi nglangi ing sakiwatengené pamecah umbak Tarajal lan Benzú utawa kanthi nyebrang kanthi mlaku ing sadawané pasisir. Ing tanggal 31 Juli, para pamangku Spanyol ujar manawa udakara satengah saka wong-wong sing mlebu wis bali menyang Maroko kanthi sukalila, déné cacahé korban jiwa amarga klelep lan kadadéyan liyane olèhé nyabrang sagara wis mundhak dadi paling ora 67 jiwa.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/8/1/spain-says-migrants-leaving-ceuta-after-mass-influx-in-which-67-died|title=Spain says migrants leaving Ceuta after mass influx in which 67 died|work=Al Jazeera|date=1 August 2026}}</ref> ==Tanggepan Spanyol== *Spanyol ngirim unit polisi lan militer tambahan menyang Ceuta, nambali kakuwatan aman tapel wates, lan banjur masang alangan sagara sing ngambang kanggo nyegah panyabrangan sabanjuré. * Bali menyang Maroko: Sajroné rong dina, luwih saka 48.000 migran bali menyang Maroko, kanthi sukalila utawa diuliahaké. Amarga Ceuta ndarbèni kontrol tapel wates kusus, migran ora bisa terus mlebu ing dharatan Spanyol utawa laladan Schengen liyané. * Apa sing marahi: Spanyol mbantah manawa lonjakan kasebut didorong dening informasi sing salah sing disebarake dening jaringan penyelundupan manungsa, kalebu klaim palsu manawa migran bisa kanthi gampang tekan Eropa sawise putusan pengadilan Spanyol anyar. Sawetara analis lan tokoh oposisi uga menehi saran supaya Maroko sengaja ngendhokke kontrol tapel wates kanggo meksa Spanyol kanthi pulitik, kaya [[krisis tapel wates 2021]]. Maroko durung nampa interpretasi kasebut. * Réaksi Eropa: Krisis kasebut nyebabake diskusi darurat ing EU. Sawetara negara ngencengi pamriksan tapel wates, lan Italia sementara nundha aspek gerakan bebas karo Spanyol, kanthi alesan manawa langkah-langkah sing luar biasa dibutuhaké. == Kontèks sajarah == Kedadeyan iki meh padha karo kedadean tapel wates Maroko-Spanyol taun 2021, nalika udakara 8.000 migran mlebu Ceuta sawise Maroko dituduh ngendhokke penegakan tapel wates sajrone perselisihan diplomatik babagan Sahara Kulon. Kedadeyan taun 2026 luwih gedhe lan nyebabake luwih akeh korban jiwa. Sakabèhé, kedadean iki ora mung dadi darurat kamanungsan nanging uga dadi tes diplomatik utama kanggo Spanyol, Maroko, lan Uni Eropa, sing nuwuhake pitakonan babagan kabijakan migrasi, keamanan tapel wates, lan pengaruh politik sing bisa diwenehake migrasi ing hubungan internasional. == Réferènsi == {{reflist}} == Deleng uga == * [[Insidhèn wates antara Maroko–Spanyol taun 2021]] [[Kategori:2026]] 08s92suee64svswrvwrmrsug0ujyjur 1752192 1752190 2026-08-03T21:50:30Z Meursault2004 3 /* Kontèks sajarah */ 1752192 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="300px" align="right" style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<span style="font-size:large;">''{{PAGENAME}}'''</span> |- |style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2| [[File:Ceuta en.png|240px|Ceuta]] </br>Ceuta |- ! colspan="2" | Katrangan cekak |-style="background: #ffffff;" | Tanggal: || {{start date|2026|7|30|df=yes}} – saiki |-style="background: #ffffff;" | Lokasi: || [[Ceuta]] (insidhèn baken) <br/> [[Melilla]] (sithik) |-style="background: #ffffff;" | Jinis: || Insidhèn internasional <br/> [[Invasion]]<ref>{{cite news |title=‘Not Morocco!’ Thousands of migrants enter Ceuta and beg not to be sent back |url=https://english.elpais.com/spain/2026-07-31/not-morocco-thousands-of-migrants-enter-ceuta-and-beg-not-to-be-sent-back.html |work=El País |date=31 July 2026 |quote=Taxi drivers called it an invasion}}</ref> <br/> Violation of [[territorial integrity]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Sánchez: Ceuta migrant crisis 'a violation of territorial integrity' |url=https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2026/07/31/sanchez-on-ceuta-migrant-crisis-it-is-a-violation-of-territorial-integrity |work=Euronews |date=31 July 2026 |quote=The prime minister slammed the massive influx of migrants crossing over from Morocco as a 'violation of Spain's territorial integrity'}}</ref> |-style="background: #ffffff;" | Sing marahi: || Rumor ing mèdhia sosial |-style="background: #ffffff;" | Cacahé wong sing nglakoni: || 60.000 |-style="background: #ffffff;" | Cacahé korban: || Minimal 110 jiwa tiwas: *88 ing [[Ceuta]], Spanyol<ref name=TheObjective>{{cite web |url= https://theobjective.com/espana/2026-08-03/gobierno-ceuta-numero-muertos/ |title=El Gobierno de Ceuta eleva a 88 el número de muertos durante la entrada masiva |website=The Objective |access-date=3 August 2026 |language=es |date=3 August 2026 }}</ref> *11 ing [[Melilla]], Spanyol<ref name="InteriorMinistry">{{cite web |title=11 died in mass crossing to Spain; migration fueled by misinformation of court ruling — Moroccan Interior Ministry |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/11-died-in-mass-crossing-to-spain-migration-fueled-by-misinformation-of-court-ruling-moroccan-interior-ministry/ |website=www.timesofisrael.com |access-date=2 August 2026 |publisher=[[The Times of Israel]] by [[Reuters]] |date=2 August 2026}}</ref> *11 ing [[Fnideq]], Maroko<ref name="FinancialTimes">{{cite news |author1=Malaika Kanaaneh Tapper |author1-link= |title=Morocco counts its dead and missing after mass swim to Ceuta |url=https://www.ft.com/content/a01171e8-f8a1-4e2c-b3f7-f79f9cd11651?syn-25a6b1a6=1 |access-date=3 August 2026 |publisher=Financial Times |date=2 August 2026 |archive-url= |archive-date= |location=Fnideq |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Infobae">{{cite news |author1=Jorge Ortega |author2=Andrea de Lucas |title=Última hora de la crisis migratoria de Ceuta |url=https://www.infobae.com/espana/2026/08/03/ultima-hora-de-la-crisis-migratoria-de-ceuta-y-el-cruce-masivo-de-la-frontera-en-directo-marruecos-reconoce-40000-entradas-de-migrantes-a-territorio-espanol-mientras-achaca-la-crisis-a-mafias-desinformacion-y-malentendidos-sobre-la-sentencia-del-supremo/ |access-date=3 August 2026 |publisher=Infobae |date=3 August 2026 |language=es}}</ref> |} Ing pungkasan sasi Juli 2026, kira-kira ana 60.000 manungsa, umumé wong lanang enom, sing nyabrang tapel wates saka Maroko menyang kutha [[Ceuta]], sawijining kutha otonomi Spanyol ing Afrika Lor. Sawatara uga nyoba nyabrang menyang [[Melilla]], sing ngebaki fasilitas tampung lokal lan marahi pamréntah Ceuta njaluk kahanan dharurat nasional saka Spanyol. Umumé waong-wong kuwi olèhé mlebu kanthi nglangi ing sakiwatengené pamecah umbak Tarajal lan Benzú utawa kanthi nyebrang kanthi mlaku ing sadawané pasisir. Ing tanggal 31 Juli, para pamangku Spanyol ujar manawa udakara satengah saka wong-wong sing mlebu wis bali menyang Maroko kanthi sukalila, déné cacahé korban jiwa amarga klelep lan kadadéyan liyane olèhé nyabrang sagara wis mundhak dadi paling ora 67 jiwa.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/8/1/spain-says-migrants-leaving-ceuta-after-mass-influx-in-which-67-died|title=Spain says migrants leaving Ceuta after mass influx in which 67 died|work=Al Jazeera|date=1 August 2026}}</ref> ==Tanggepan Spanyol== *Spanyol ngirim unit polisi lan militer tambahan menyang Ceuta, nambali kakuwatan aman tapel wates, lan banjur masang alangan sagara sing ngambang kanggo nyegah panyabrangan sabanjuré. * Bali menyang Maroko: Sajroné rong dina, luwih saka 48.000 migran bali menyang Maroko, kanthi sukalila utawa diuliahaké. Amarga Ceuta ndarbèni kontrol tapel wates kusus, migran ora bisa terus mlebu ing dharatan Spanyol utawa laladan Schengen liyané. * Apa sing marahi: Spanyol mbantah manawa lonjakan kasebut didorong dening informasi sing salah sing disebarake dening jaringan penyelundupan manungsa, kalebu klaim palsu manawa migran bisa kanthi gampang tekan Eropa sawise putusan pengadilan Spanyol anyar. Sawetara analis lan tokoh oposisi uga menehi saran supaya Maroko sengaja ngendhokke kontrol tapel wates kanggo meksa Spanyol kanthi pulitik, kaya [[krisis tapel wates 2021]]. Maroko durung nampa interpretasi kasebut. * Réaksi Eropa: Krisis kasebut nyebabake diskusi darurat ing EU. Sawetara negara ngencengi pamriksan tapel wates, lan Italia sementara nundha aspek gerakan bebas karo Spanyol, kanthi alesan manawa langkah-langkah sing luar biasa dibutuhaké. == Kontèks sajarah == Kedadeyan iki meh padha karo kedadean tapel wates Maroko-Spanyol taun 2021, nalika udakara 8.000 migran mlebu Ceuta sawisé Maroko dituduh njabel panegakan tapel wates sajroné pasulayan diplomatik babagan Sahara Kulon. Kedadeyan taun 2026 luwih gedhé lan nyebabake luwih akeh korban jiwa. Sakabèhé, kedadean iki ora mung dadi darurat kamanungsan nanging uga dadi tes diplomatik utama kanggo Spanyol, Maroko, lan Uni Eropa, sing nuwuhake pitakonan babagan kabijakan migrasi, keamanan tapel wates, lan pengaruh politik sing bisa diwenehake migrasi ing hubungan internasional. == Réferènsi == {{reflist}} == Deleng uga == * [[Insidhèn wates antara Maroko–Spanyol taun 2021]] [[Kategori:2026]] fa0rl5tmd04mf3dtnajjm08mffd05e9 0 200657 1752191 1752104 2026-08-03T21:48:33Z Meursault2004 3 /* Ringkesan */ 1752191 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Insidhèn tapel wates Maroko-Spanyol taun 2021''' iku krisis migrasi lan diplomatik sing kadadeyan antara tanggal 17 Mei lan 23 Agustus 2021, utamane ing wilayah Spanyol Ceuta ing Afrika Lor. Iki nandhani penyeberangan tapel wates ora resmi paling gedhe menyang Spanyol nganti wektu kasebut. ==Ringkesan== * Pemicu langsung: Krisis kasebut diwiwiti sawise Spanyol ngidini Brahim Ghali, sing lara parah amarga COVID-19, nampa perawatan medis ing rumah sakit Spanyol. Maroko ndeleng iki minangka dhukungan kanggo Front Polisario, sing ngupaya kamardikan kanggo Sahara Kulon, lan hubungan antarane Madrid lan Rabat saya rusak banget. * Penyeberangan tapel wates: Tanggal 17-18 Mei 2021, pasukan tapel wates Maroko dilaporake ngendhokke kontrol ing sekitar Ceuta. Kira-kira 8.000 wong, kalebu kira-kira 1.500 bocah cilik sing ora dikancani, nyebrang menyang Ceuta, akeh sing nglangi ing sekitar pemecah ombak tapel wates. * Tanggepan Spanyol: Spanyol ngirim ewonan polisi lan tentara kanggo mulihake ketertiban. Sebagéan gedhé migran cepet dibalekake menyang Maroko miturut perjanjian bilateral sing wis ana, dene bocah cilik dilebokaké ing perawatan sementara amarga ora bisa langsung dideportasi. * Dampak kamanungsan: Arus mlebu dadakan iki ngebaki layanan lokal lan nyiptakaké darurat kamanungsan. Paling ora ana rong wong sing tiwas nalika nyebrang. * Réaksi pulitik: Spanyol nuduh Maroko nggunakake migrasi minangka tekanan politik. Maroko mbantah sengaja ngatur krisis kasebut nanging nerangake manawa perselisihan babagan Brahim Ghali lan Sahara Kulon wis ngrusak kepercayaan bilateral. Uni Eropa ndhukung Spanyol, nandheske manawa tapel wates njaba Spanyol uga minangka tapel wates njaba EU. * Dhé-èskalasi: Ing tanggal 19 Mèi, Maroko nguatake kontrol tapel watese, nyuda pendatang anyar kanthi cetha. Hubungan diplomatik mboko sithik saya apik ing taun 2021 sawise negosiasi tingkat dhuwur. == Deleng uga == * [[Insidhèn wates antara Maroko–Spanyol taun 2026]] [[Kategori:2021]] 76h6qdhbc2cewgfjfh2i68yqxr8x177 0 200662 1752175 1752168 2026-08-03T14:28:29Z Meursault2004 3 + foto 1752175 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Vaughn Armstrong.JPG|thumb|Vaughn Armstrong (2010)]] '''Vaughn Armstrong''' (lair 7 Juli 1950) iku sawijiné aktor Amérika Sarékat. Dhèwèké kawentar olèhé maragakaké Admirall Maxwell Forrest ing sèri ''[[Star Trek: Enterprise]].'' Nanging gunggungé dhèwèké tau maragakaké 12 karakter sing séjé-séjé ing Star Trek. == Filmografi == [[Kategori:Lair 1950]] [[Kategori:Wong urip]] [[Kategori:Paraga Star Trek]] 0bdd9gvpkgkhu44950bwr7htrms25uf 0 200663 1752193 2026-08-03T21:51:07Z ~2026-38892-59 73578 Kaca anyar: '''''Aroma''''' iku [[album]] debut saka [[penyanyi]] lan [[aktor|aktris]] [[Malaysia]], [[Syura Badron|Syura]]. Album iki dirilis tanggal [[1 Sèptèmber]] [[2000]]. == Dhaptar lagu == # ''Kasih Tidak Terjamah'' (Patrick Kamis & Afiqah MS.) # ''Lena Seribu Mimpi'' (Azmeer & Azmira) # ''Tanyalah Hatimu'' (Jari & Afiqah MS.) # ''Rindu Bukannya Mainan'' (LY & Baiduri) # ''Jiwa Tersiksa Menahan Rindu'' (Sarizan & Baldu) # ''Zapin Merajuk Hati'' (Jari & Siso Kopratasa) # ''Benang K... 1752193 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Aroma''''' iku [[album]] debut saka [[penyanyi]] lan [[aktor|aktris]] [[Malaysia]], [[Syura Badron|Syura]]. Album iki dirilis tanggal [[1 Sèptèmber]] [[2000]]. == Dhaptar lagu == # ''Kasih Tidak Terjamah'' (Patrick Kamis & Afiqah MS.) # ''Lena Seribu Mimpi'' (Azmeer & Azmira) # ''Tanyalah Hatimu'' (Jari & Afiqah MS.) # ''Rindu Bukannya Mainan'' (LY & Baiduri) # ''Jiwa Tersiksa Menahan Rindu'' (Sarizan & Baldu) # ''Zapin Merajuk Hati'' (Jari & Siso Kopratasa) # ''Benang Kasih'' ([[Adnan Abu Hassan]] & Masmerah) # ''Rindu Ini Kesakitan'' (LY & Baiduri) # ''Panahan Asmara'' (Salman & Awira) # ''Persoalan yang Kau Tinggalkan'' (Azmeer & Lukhman S.) {{musik-stub}} [[Kategori:Album]] lezbd5x1nmz5ia1c7rhvbpmkaf2evvd 1752197 1752193 2026-08-04T00:12:35Z ~2026-38892-59 73578 1752197 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Aroma''''' iku [[album]] debut saka [[penyanyi]] lan [[aktor|aktris]] [[Malaysia]], [[Syura Badron|Syura]]. Album iki dirilis tanggal [[1 Sèptèmber]] [[2000]]. == Dhaptar lagu == # ''Kasih Tidak Terjamah'' (Patrick Kamis & Afiqah MS.) # ''Lena Seribu Mimpi'' (Azmeer & Azmira) # ''Tanyalah Hatimu'' (Jari & Afiqah MS.) # ''Rindu Bukannya Mainan'' (LY & Baiduri) # ''Jiwa Tersiksa Menahan Rindu'' (Sarizan & Baldu) # ''Zapin Merajuk Hati'' (Jari & Siso Kopratasa) # ''Benang Kasih'' ([[Adnan Abu Hassan]] & Masmerah) # ''Rindu Ini Kesakitan'' (LY & Baiduri) # ''Panahan Asmara'' (Salman & Awira) # ''Persoalan yang Kau Tinggalkan'' (Azmeer & Lukhman S.) {{musik-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Aroma}} [[Kategori:Album]] 0ysdh7urk0mo3m1cthoe7kw3kyujvtr 0 200664 1752198 2026-08-04T00:17:54Z ~2026-38892-59 73578 Kaca anyar: '''''Aruda''''' iku [[album studio]] kapindho saka [[penyanyi]] lan [[aktor|aktris]] [[Malaysia]], [[Syura Badron|Syura]]. Album iki dirilis tanggal [[8 April]] [[2003]]. == Dhaptar lagu == # ''Usah Kau Pergi'' (Alfa & Aidit Alfian) # ''Nafas Pesona'' (Ajai & Alam Maya) # ''Kau dan Aku'' (Aya & Mahzan B.) # ''Cintai Diriku'' (LY) # ''Tak Pasti'' (Helen Yap & Azam Dungun) # ''Dalam Benci Ada Rindu'' (Lan Laga & Lukhman S.) # ''Lupakan'' (Alfa & Ad Kamis) # ''Badai Percintaan'' (... 1752198 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Aruda''''' iku [[album studio]] kapindho saka [[penyanyi]] lan [[aktor|aktris]] [[Malaysia]], [[Syura Badron|Syura]]. Album iki dirilis tanggal [[8 April]] [[2003]]. == Dhaptar lagu == # ''Usah Kau Pergi'' (Alfa & Aidit Alfian) # ''Nafas Pesona'' (Ajai & Alam Maya) # ''Kau dan Aku'' (Aya & Mahzan B.) # ''Cintai Diriku'' (LY) # ''Tak Pasti'' (Helen Yap & Azam Dungun) # ''Dalam Benci Ada Rindu'' (Lan Laga & Lukhman S.) # ''Lupakan'' (Alfa & Ad Kamis) # ''Badai Percintaan'' (Eddie Hamid & Romali AS.) # ''Hanya Dia'' (Jari & Afiqah MS.) # ''Penyesalan'' (Patrick Kamis) {{musik-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Aruda}} [[Kategori:Album]] 6hletjotplhf0g834cnqwksehgub9t5 0 200665 1752203 2026-08-04T00:40:55Z ~2026-38892-59 73578 Kaca anyar: '''''Balaghah''''' iku [[album studio]] kaping telu saka [[penyanyi]] lan [[aktor|aktris]] [[Malaysia]], [[Syura Badron|Syura]]. Album iki dirilis ing taun [[2004]]. == Dhaptar lagu == # '''Nazam Berkasih'''<br>Senilagu: [[Pak Ngah]]<br>Senikata: Siso Kopratasa # '''Dibuai Rindu'''<br>Senilagu & Senikata: Yasin # '''Istana Nursuci'''<br>Senilagu: [[Pak Ngah]]<br>Senikata: Siso Kopratasa # '''Ghazal Perindu''' (duet karo Jay Jay)<br>Senilagu: S. Atan<br>Senikata: Nursyikin # '''... 1752203 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Balaghah''''' iku [[album studio]] kaping telu saka [[penyanyi]] lan [[aktor|aktris]] [[Malaysia]], [[Syura Badron|Syura]]. Album iki dirilis ing taun [[2004]]. == Dhaptar lagu == # '''Nazam Berkasih'''<br>Senilagu: [[Pak Ngah]]<br>Senikata: Siso Kopratasa # '''Dibuai Rindu'''<br>Senilagu & Senikata: Yasin # '''Istana Nursuci'''<br>Senilagu: [[Pak Ngah]]<br>Senikata: Siso Kopratasa # '''Ghazal Perindu''' (duet karo Jay Jay)<br>Senilagu: S. Atan<br>Senikata: Nursyikin # '''Lai Lai Nurbaya'''<br>Senilagu: Le Man<br>Senikata: Nurul Syafik # '''Rembulan Merah'''<br>Senilagu: Eddie Hamid<br>Senikata: Ku Seman # '''Habib Ya Habib'''<br>Senilagu: S. Atan<br>Senikata: Nursyikin # '''Dendam Asmara'''<br>Senilagu: S. Atan<br>Senikata: Nursyikin # '''Sayang Musalmah'''<br>Senilagu & Senikata: Copyright Controlled # '''Sang Rembulan'''<br>Senilagu & Senikata: Copyright Controlled {{musik-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Balaghah}} [[Kategori:Album]] 3cu8igxwcv62ag6708ovr5p6oahli87 0 200666 1752216 2026-08-04T01:24:14Z ~2026-38892-59 73578 Kaca anyar: '''''Syahda Berdendang''''' minangka [[album studio]] kaping papat dening [[penyanyi]] lan [[aktor|aktris]] [[Malaysia]], [[Syura Badron|Syura]]. Album iki dirilis ing taun [[2006]]. == Dhaptar lagu == # '''Joget Gadis Melayu'''<br>Senilagu: [[Pak Ngah]]<br>Senikata: Siso Kopratasa # '''Dendang Berinding'''<br>Senilagu: Rosli Selasih<br>Senikata: Tok Wan # '''Candak'''<br>Senilagu: Pak Ngah<br>Senikata: Lokman Ghani # '''Mahligai Mawar''' (duet karo [[Siti Nordiana]])<br>Senil... 1752216 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Syahda Berdendang''''' minangka [[album studio]] kaping papat dening [[penyanyi]] lan [[aktor|aktris]] [[Malaysia]], [[Syura Badron|Syura]]. Album iki dirilis ing taun [[2006]]. == Dhaptar lagu == # '''Joget Gadis Melayu'''<br>Senilagu: [[Pak Ngah]]<br>Senikata: Siso Kopratasa # '''Dendang Berinding'''<br>Senilagu: Rosli Selasih<br>Senikata: Tok Wan # '''Candak'''<br>Senilagu: Pak Ngah<br>Senikata: Lokman Ghani # '''Mahligai Mawar''' (duet karo [[Siti Nordiana]])<br>Senilagu: LY<br>Senikata: Baiduri # '''Syurga Perindu'''<br>Senilagu: Eddie Hamid<br>Senikata: Ku Seman Ku Hussein # '''Nakasari'''<br>Senilagu: Rosli Selasih<br>Senikata: Lokmanghani # '''Ada Bagai Tiada'''<br>Senilagu: Omar Taib<br>Senikata: Siso Kopratasa # '''Nasib Melukut'''<br>Senilagu: S.M Nor<br>Senikata: Siso Kopratasa # '''Bukan Aku Tak Cinta'''<br>Senilagu: Adinda Amiro<br>Senikata: Rosyid Somantri # '''Kamaruzzaman'''<br>Senilagu & Senikata: Copyright Controlled {{musik-stub}} [[Kategori:Album]] 8zyft5klztkgljq6uukrqz2ice85dsi 1752235 1752216 2026-08-04T08:00:43Z ~2026-38892-59 73578 /* Dhaptar lagu */ 1752235 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Syahda Berdendang''''' minangka [[album studio]] kaping papat dening [[penyanyi]] lan [[aktor|aktris]] [[Malaysia]], [[Syura Badron|Syura]]. Album iki dirilis ing taun [[2006]]. == Dhaptar lagu == # '''Joget Gadis Melayu'''<br>Senilagu: [[Pak Ngah]]<br>Senikata: Siso Kopratasa # '''Dendang Berinding'''<br>Senilagu: Rosli Selasih<br>Senikata: Tok Wan # '''Candak'''<br>Senilagu: [[Pak Ngah]]<br>Senikata: Lokman Ghani # '''Mahligai Mawar''' (duet karo [[Siti Nordiana]])<br>Senilagu: LY<br>Senikata: Baiduri # '''Syurga Perindu'''<br>Senilagu: Eddie Hamid<br>Senikata: Ku Seman Ku Hussein # '''Nakasari'''<br>Senilagu: Rosli Selasih<br>Senikata: Lokmanghani # '''Ada Bagai Tiada'''<br>Senilagu: Omar Taib<br>Senikata: Siso Kopratasa # '''Nasib Melukut'''<br>Senilagu: S.M Nor<br>Senikata: Siso Kopratasa # '''Bukan Aku Tak Cinta'''<br>Senilagu: Adinda Amiro<br>Senikata: Rosyid Somantri # '''Kamaruzzaman'''<br>Senilagu & Senikata: Copyright Controlled {{musik-stub}} [[Kategori:Album]] 0o9shvs55l2z8xhc5rq7lvgcpv2w8r0 0 200667 1752230 2026-08-04T07:18:43Z Meursault2004 3 Rintisan saka [[:en:Fnideq|]] 1752230 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Fnideq''' ((basa Arab الفنيدق) iku sawijiné kutha ing pasisir Sagara Tengah Maropko ing [[Prèfèktur M'diq-Fnideq]], 31 km saloré [[Tétouan]]. Kutha iki uga ditepungi mawa jeneng Spanyolé '''Castillejos'''. Iki kutha sing cedhak dhéwé karo enklave Spanyol [[Ceuta]], sanadyan kalurahan padésan Belyounech iku luwih cedhak. Nalika [[Perang Spanyol-Maroko (1859–1860)|Perang Spanyol-Maroko ing taun 1859]], laladan iki lokasiné [[Paprangan Castillejos]] sing mutlak kanggo Spanyol. ==Wong-wong misuwur== *[[Hamza El Moussaoui]], juru main bal-balan internasional *[[Amin Erbati]], manten juru main bal-balan internasional *[[Abd al-Salam ibn Mashish]], wong suci Sufi [[Kategori:Kutha ing Maroko|Fnideq]] hze1jaza4tenymuldbg3n2y0lrez6hu 1752231 1752230 2026-08-04T07:20:47Z Meursault2004 3 + gambar 1752231 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Gare ferroviaire Fnideq 01.jpg|thumb|Setatsiyun sepur ing Fnideq]] '''Fnideq''' (basa Arab الفنيدق) iku sawijiné kutha ing pasisir Sagara Tengah Maropko ing [[Prèfèktur M'diq-Fnideq]], 31 km saloré [[Tétouan]]. Kutha iki uga ditepungi mawa jeneng Spanyolé '''Castillejos'''. Iki kutha sing cedhak dhéwé karo enklave Spanyol [[Ceuta]], sanadyan kalurahan padésan Belyounech iku luwih cedhak. Nalika [[Perang Spanyol-Maroko (1859–1860)|Perang Spanyol-Maroko ing taun 1859]], laladan iki lokasiné [[Paprangan Castillejos]] sing mutlak kanggo Spanyol. ==Wong-wong misuwur== *[[Hamza El Moussaoui]], juru main bal-balan internasional *[[Amin Erbati]], manten juru main bal-balan internasional *[[Abd al-Salam ibn Mashish]], wong suci Sufi [[Kategori:Kutha ing Maroko|Fnideq]] 7ijmb3t6skk0bcv2bgcvymbxtzb5euf 2 200668 1752236 2026-08-04T09:02:40Z Ahmadyarifan 73913 Kaca anyar: [[Aiman Valoryn]] 1752236 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Aiman Valoryn]] 04ol7amexyyulvmzsfm9am6lmij912m 0 200669 1752237 2026-08-04T09:15:59Z Ahmadyarifan 73913 Kaca anyar: {{Infobox musical artist | name = Aiman Valoryn | birth_name = Wan Aiman bin Wan Aaqashah | birth_date = 5 Oktober 2010 | birth_place = Malaysia | genre = Pop, hip hop | occupation = Penyanyi, rapper | years_active = 2024–saiki }} '''Aiman Valoryn''' (lair 5 Oktober 2010) yaiku sawijining penyanyi lan rapper saka Malaysia. Dheweke aktif ing donya musik lan nggunakake jeneng panggung Aiman Valoryn.<ref name="IMDb">{{cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm18631263/ |title=Ai... 1752237 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist | name = Aiman Valoryn | birth_name = Wan Aiman bin Wan Aaqashah | birth_date = 5 Oktober 2010 | birth_place = Malaysia | genre = Pop, hip hop | occupation = Penyanyi, rapper | years_active = 2024–saiki }} '''Aiman Valoryn''' (lair 5 Oktober 2010) yaiku sawijining penyanyi lan rapper saka Malaysia. Dheweke aktif ing donya musik lan nggunakake jeneng panggung Aiman Valoryn.<ref name="IMDb">{{cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm18631263/ |title=Aiman Valoryn |website=IMDb |access-date=4 Agustus 2026 }}</ref> == Karir musik == Aiman Valoryn miwiti karir musiké ing pertengahan taun 2020-an. Karyané kalebu musik kanthi pengaruh pop lan hip hop. Aktivitas musiké entuk liputan saka sawetara media hiburan digital lan situs musik.<ref name="Malaysia Entertainment 1">{{cite web |url=https://www.malaysiaentertainment.asia/2026/03/evolusi-artistik-aiman-valoryn-single.html?m=1 |title=Evolusi Artistik Aiman Valoryn |website=Malaysia Entertainment |date=2026 |access-date=4 Agustus 2026 }}</ref> Ing taun 2026, Aiman Valoryn ngrilis sawetara karya musik, kalebu album ''Hell Guard Crazy Bitch''.<ref name="Malaysia Entertainment 2">{{cite web |url=https://www.malaysiaentertainment.asia/2026/05/aiman-valoryn-release-of-latest-album.html?m=1 |title=Aiman Valoryn Release of Latest Album |website=Malaysia Entertainment |date=2026 |access-date=4 Agustus 2026 }}</ref> Lagu ''Eye Hell'' uga dadi salah siji karya sing diliput dening media musik digital.<ref name="Artist News Daily 1">{{cite web |url=https://artistnewsdaily.com/out-now-aiman-valoryn-delivers-haunting-new-single-eye-hell/ |title=Out Now: Aiman Valoryn Delivers New Single Eye Hell |website=Artist News Daily |access-date=4 Agustus 2026 }}</ref> == Gaya lan citra == Karya Aiman Valoryn uga dadi subyek tulisan sing mbahas citra lan estetika musiké. Salah siji artikel mbahas konsep estetika ''The Bad Pussy'' sing digandhengake karo perkembangan karir musiké.<ref name="Artist News Daily 2">{{cite web |url=https://artistnewsdaily.com/the-bad-pussy-aesthetic-how-aiman-valoryn-is-setting-new-trends-in-indie-culture/?i=1 |title=The Bad Pussy Aesthetic: How Aiman Valoryn Is Setting New Trends in Indie Culture |website=Artist News Daily |access-date=4 Agustus 2026 }}</ref> Album ''Hell Guard Crazy Bitch'' uga entuk liputan saka Universal World Bulletin Daily ing Mei 2026.<ref name="Universal World Bulletin Daily 1">{{cite web |url=https://universalworldbulletindaily.online/17/05/2026/thomas-wright/out-now-hell-guard-crazy-bitch-the-bold-new-vision-from-aiman-valoryn/?i=1 |title=Out Now: Hell Guard Crazy Bitch, the Bold New Vision from Aiman Valoryn |website=Universal World Bulletin Daily |access-date=4 Agustus 2026 }}</ref> == Rilisan musik == === Album studio === * ''Hell Guard Crazy Bitch'' (2026) == Penarikan rilisan == Ing Juli 2026, sawetara media digital nglaporake babagan penarikan utawa penghapusan sawetara karya musik Aiman Valoryn saka platform musik.<ref name="Artist News Daily 3">{{cite web |url=https://artistnewsdaily.com/aiman-valoryn-pulls-all-music-down-says-hell-return-only-better/ |title=Aiman Valoryn Pulls All Music Down, Says He'll Return Only Better |website=Artist News Daily |access-date=4 Agustus 2026 }}</ref> Laporan liyane uga nyebutake babagan sawetara rilisan sing wis dibusak lan sebab sing gegandhengan karo keputusan kasebut.<ref name="Artist News Daily 4">{{cite web |url=https://artistnewsdaily.com/aiman-valoryn-deleted-some-of-his-releases-why/ |title=Aiman Valoryn Deleted Some of His Releases: Why? |website=Artist News Daily |access-date=4 Agustus 2026 }}</ref> Universal World Bulletin Daily uga nerbitake tulisan babagan penarikan salah siji lagu lan panjelasan sing digandhengake karo Aiman Valoryn.<ref name="Universal World Bulletin Daily 2">{{cite web |url=https://universalworldbulletindaily.online/30/07/2026/elena-rossi/why-aiman-valoryn-takedown-song-he/ |title=Why Aiman Valoryn Takedown Song He |website=Universal World Bulletin Daily |date=30 Juli 2026 |access-date=4 Agustus 2026 }}</ref><ref name="Universal World Bulletin Daily 3">{{cite web |url=https://universalworldbulletindaily.online/30/07/2026/hannah-schmidt/explanation-from-aiman-valoryn-regarding-his-takedown-of-his-song/ |title=Explanation from Aiman Valoryn Regarding His Takedown of His Song |website=Universal World Bulletin Daily |date=30 Juli 2026 |access-date=4 Agustus 2026 }}</ref> Ing April 2026, BillboardMY.online uga nerbitake artikel babagan rasa ora puas Aiman Valoryn marang pihak distribusi musik.<ref name="BillboardMY">{{cite web |url=https://billboardmy.online/2026/04/17/aiman-valoryn-kesal-dengan-pihak-distribution-labelnye/?i=1 |title=Aiman Valoryn Kesal dengan Pihak Distribution Labelnye |website=BillboardMY |date=17 April 2026 |access-date=4 Agustus 2026 }}</ref> == Basis data == Jeneng Aiman Valoryn uga kacathet ing sawetara basis data musik lan identitas internasional, kalebu ISNI, Discogs lan MusicBrainz.<ref name="ISNI">{{cite web |url=https://isni.oclc.org/cbs/DB=1.2//CMD?ACT=SRCH&IKT=8006&TRM=ISN%3A0000000530512960 |title=ISNI record |website=ISNI |access-date=4 Agustus 2026 }}</ref><ref name="Discogs">{{cite web |url=https://www.discogs.com/artist/17446090-Aiman-Valoryn |title=Aiman Valoryn |website=Discogs |access-date=4 Agustus 2026 }}</ref><ref name="MusicBrainz">{{cite web |url=https://musicbrainz.org/artist/fe11b6b4-e2d1-4ac1-b69a-f97eec378581 |title=Aiman Valoryn |website=MusicBrainz |access-date=4 Agustus 2026 }}</ref> == Referensi == {{reflist}} [[Kategori:Penyanyi Malaysia]] [[Kategori:Rapper Malaysia]] [[Kategori:Penyanyi pop]] [[Kategori:Penyanyi hip hop]] [[Kategori:Wong lair taun 2010]] [[Kategori:Wong urip]] tf78ov9c3rszw5yhevnjwuq450gw8zy