Wikipédia jvwiki https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Pendhapa MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.14 first-letter Médhia Mirunggan Parembugan Naraguna Parembugan Naraguna Wikipédia Parembugan Wikipédia Barkas Parembugan Barkas MédhiaWiki Parembugan MédhiaWiki Cithakan Parembugan Cithakan Pitulung Parembugan Pitulung Kategori Parembugan Kategori Gapura Parembugan Gapura TimedText TimedText talk Modhul Parembugan Modhul Acara Pembicaraan Acara 0 18155 1752566 1733885 2026-08-11T18:26:16Z Martin Macha 2111 44992 /* */ 1752566 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Country |native_name = Républika Slovenija |common_name = Slowén |image_flag = Flag of Slovenia.svg |image_coat = Coat of Arms of Slovenia.svg |image_map = LocationSlovenia.png |national_motto = — |national_anthem = [[Zdravljica]] |official_languages = [[Basa Slowén|Slowén]] |capital = [[Ljubljana]] |capitals_coordinates = <small>{{coor dm id|46|03|N|14|30|E||LU|BT}}</small> |largest_city = [[Ljubljana]] |government_type = [[Républik]] |leader_title1 = [[Présidhèn Slowén|Présidhèn]] |leader_title2 = [[Nayakotama Slowén|Nayakotama]] |leader_title3 = |leader_name1 = [[Nataša Pirc Musar]] |leader_name2 = [[Janez Janša]] |leader_name3 = |area_rank = 151 |area_magnitude = 1_E10 |area = 20.273 |percent_water = 0,6% |population_estimate = 2.066.880 |population_estimate_year = 2017 |population_estimate_rank = 144 |population_census = 1.964.036 |population_census_year = 2002 |population_density = 99 |population_density_rank = 77 |GDP_PPP_year = 2005 |GDP_PPP = US$40,49 miliar |GDP_PPP_rank = 80 |GDP_PPP_per_capita = US$20.306 |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 35 |sovereignty_type = [[Kamardikan]] |established_events = &nbsp;-Proklamasi<br />&nbsp;-Diakui |established_dates = Saka [[Yugoslavia]]<br />[[25 Juni]] [[1991]]<br />[[1992]] |currency = [[Tolar]] |currency_code = SIT |time_zone = |utc_offset = +1 |time_zone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = +2 |cctld =.si |calling_code = 386 |footnotes= }} '''Républik Slowén''' ([[basa Slowén]]: ''Républika Slovenija'') yaiku nagara pasisir sub-Alpin ing kidul [[Éropa Tengah]] wewatesan karo [[Italia]] ing sisih kulon, [[Sagara Adriatik]] ing sisih kidul-kulon, [[Kroasia]] ing sisih kidul lan wétan, [[Hungaria]] ing sisih lor-wétan, lan [[Ostenrik]] ing sisih lor. Nagara iki péranganing [[Ostenrik-Honggari]] ana ing taun [[1918]] lan sabanjuré dadi pérangan Slovenes ([[Kroasia lan Serbia]]) ana ing [[29 Oktober]] 1918-[[1 Dhésèmber]] [[1918]], Républik Federal Sosialis Yugoslavia (SFR Yugoslavia) wiwit taun [[1945]] nganti mardika ing taun [[1991]]. Nagara iki dadi anggota [[UE]] tanggal [[1 Mèi]] [[2004]]. Slowén uga dadi anggota [[Dewan Éropa]], [[NATO]], lan status pangamat ing [[La Francophonie]]. <!--== Sajarah == {{main|Sajarah Slovenia}} It is believed that the [[Slavic peoples|Slavic]] ancestors of the present-day [[Slovenians]] settled in the area in the [[6th century]]. The Slavic Duchy of [[Karantania|Carantania]], the first proto-Slovenian state and the first stable Slavic state, was formed in the [[7th century]]. In [[745]], Carantania lost its independence, being largely subsumed into the Frankish empire. Many [[Slavs]] [[christianization|converted to Christianity]]. The [[Freising manuscripts]], the earliest surviving written documents in a Slovenian dialect and the first ever Slavic dialect documents in [[Latin alphabet|Latin]] script, were written around [[1000]]. During the [[14th century]], most of Slovenia's regions passed into ownership of the [[Habsburg|Habsburgs]] whose lands later formed the [[Austria-Hungary|Austro-Hungarian Empire]], with Slovenians inhabiting all or most of the provinces of [[Carniola]], [[Gorizia]] and [[Gradisca]], and parts of the provinces of [[Istria]], [[Carinthia (duchy)|Carinthia]] and [[Styria (duchy)|Styria]]. In [[1848]] a strong programme for a [[united Slovenia]] emerged as part of the "Spring of Nations" movement within Austria. With the collapse of the [[Austro-Hungarian]] monarchy in [[1918]], Slovenians initially formed part of the [[State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs]], which shortly joined the [[Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes]], later renamed ([[1929]]) the [[Kingdom of Yugoslavia]]. Following the re-establishment of Yugoslavia at the end of [[World War II]], Slovenia became a part of the [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia]], officially declared on [[29 November]] [[1945]]. Present-day Slovenia was formed on [[25 June]] [[1991]] upon its independence from Yugoslavia. Slovenia joined [[NATO]] on [[29 March]] [[2004]] and the [[European Union]] on [[1 May]] [[2004]]. '''Lihat juga''' [[Timeline of Slovenian history]] == Politik == {{main|Politik Slovenia}} The Slovenian [[head of state]] is the [[president of Slovenia|president]], who is elected by popular vote every 5 years. The [[executive branch]] is headed by the [[prime minister]] and the council of ministers or [[cabinet (government)|cabinet]], which are elected by the parliament. The [[bicameral]] Slovenian [[parliament]] consists of the National Assembly or [[Državni zbor]], and the Državni svet or National Council. The National Assembly has 90 seats, which are partially filled with directly elected representatives, and partially with proportionally elected representatives (two seats reserved for autochthonous Hungarian and Italian minorities). The National Council has 40 seats, and is made up of representatives of social, economic, professional and local interest groups. Parliamentary elections are held every four years, while National Council members are elected indirectly every 5 years. == Kepercayaan == [[Image:Slo regions marked3.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Slovenia is traditionally divided into eight regions.]] ===Sejarah Kepercayaan=== As given by [[Enciklopedija Slovenije]] (Encyclopedia of Slovenia), traditional Slovenian [[region]]s, based on the former division of Slovenia on four crown lands ([[Carniola]],[[Carinthia]], [[Styria (duchy)|Styria]] and [[Goriška]]) and their parts, are: * Gorenjska ([[Upper Carniola]]) (denoted on the map by U.C.) * Štajerska ([[Lower Styria|Styria]]) (S) * Prekmurje ([[Transmuraland]]) (T) * Koroška ([[Carinthia (province)|Carinthia]]) (C) * Notranjska ([[Inner Carniola]]) (I.C.) * Dolenjska ([[Lower Carniola]]) (L.C.) * [[Goriška]] (G) * Slovenska Istra (Slovenian [[Istria]]) (L) The last two are usually considered together as Primorska (the [[Littoral Region]]). [[White Carniola]] (Bela krajina), otherwise part of Lower Carniola, is usually considered a separate region, as is [[Zasavje]], which is otherwise a part of Upper and Lower Carniola and Styria. ===Natural Regions=== The first regionalizations of Slovenia were made by geographers [[Anton Melik]] (1935-1936) and [[Svetozar Ilešič]] (1968). The newer regionalization by [[Ivan Gams]] divides Slovenia in the following macroregions: * the [[Alps]] (visokogorske Alpe) * the Prealpine Hills (predalpsko hribovje) * the [[Ljubljana basin]] (Ljubljanska kotlina) * Submediterranean ([[Littoral]]) Slovenia (submediteranska - primorska Slovenija) * the [[Dinaric Alps|dinaric]] [[Karst]] of [[inner Slovenia]] (dinarski kras notranje Slovenije) * Subpannonian Slovenia (subpanononska Slovenija) According to a newer natural geographic regionalization, the country consists of four [[macroregion]]s. These are the Alpine world, the Mediterranean world, the Dinaric world and the Pannonian world. Macroregions are defined according to major relief units (the Alps, the Pannonian plain, the Dinaric mountains) and climate types (continental, alpine, mediterranean). These are often quite interwoven. Macroregions consist of multiple and very diverse [[mesoregion]]s. The main factor that defines them is the relief together with the geologic composition. Mesoregions in turn consist of numerous [[microregion]]s. ===Administrative Regions=== As of [[May]] [[2005]], only Statistical regions exist, and, as their name suggests, are only used for [[Statistics|statistical]] purposes. There are 12 of these regions. [[Image:Slovenia Regions.png|thumb|right|600px|Map of the 12 statistical regions of Slovenia.]] The Statistical regions are: * Pomurska * Podravska * Koroška * Savinjska * Zasavska * Spodnjeposavska * Jugovzhodna Slovenija * Osrednjeslovenska * Gorenjska * Notranjsko-kraška * Goriška * Obalno-kraška The [[Government]], however, is preparing a plan for new Administrative regions. The number of these regions is not yet defined, but is said to be around 10 to 12. The plan will, after being publicly unveiled, need to undergo parliamentary debate, and it is expected that [[constitution]] changes will be needed before the regionalization can come into effect. If the scenario of 12 Administrative regions is selected, the regions will most likely be the same as the current Statistical regions. == Municipalities == {{main|Municipalities of Slovenia}} Slovenia is divided into 193 municipalities (''občine'', singular - ''občina''), of which 11 have urban status. == Geografi == {{main|Geography of Slovenia}} [[Image:Si-map.png|thumb|right|250px|Map of Slovenia]] Four major European geographic regions meet in Slovenia: the [[Alps]], the [[Dinaric Alps|Dinarides]], the [[Pannonian plain]], and the [[Mediterranean]]. Slovenia's highest peak is [[Triglav]] (2864 m); the country's average height above the sea level is 557 m. Around one half of the country (10,124 km²) is covered by [[forest]]s; this makes Slovenia the third most forested country in Europe, after [[Finland]] and [[Sweden]]. Remnants of primeval forests are still to be found, the largest in the [[Kočevje]] area. Grassland covers 5593 km² of the country and fields and gardens 2471 km². There are also 363 km² of orchards and 216 km² of [[vineyard]]s. Its [[climate]] is Submediterranean on the coast, Alpine in the mountains and continental with mild to hot summers and cold winters in the plateaus and valleys to the east. The average temperatures are -2°C in January and 21°C in July. The average rainfall is 1000 mm for the coast, up to 3500 mm for the Alps, 800 mm for south east and 1400 mm for central Slovenia. '''Lihat juga:''' [[List of national parks of Slovenia|National parks of Slovenia]]. == Ekonomi == {{main|Ekonomi Slovenia}} Slovenia is a high-income economy which enjoys the highest [[Gross Domestic Product|GDP]] per capita (US$21,567 in [[2005]]) of the newly joined EU countries. The country's relatively high rate of [[inflation]] (3.6% in [[2004]]) declined to 2.5% in 2005 and is now comparable to the average in the [[European Union]]. Slovenia's economy [[Economic growth|grew]] impressively in [[2004]], by 4.6%, after relatively slow growth in 2003 (2.5%). Overall, the country is on a sound economic footing. During [[2000]], privatisations were seen in the [[banking]], [[telecommunications]], and public utility sectors. Restrictions on foreign [[investment]] are slowly being dismantled, and [[foreign direct investment]] (FDI) is expected to increase over the next two years. Slovenia can be considered one of the economic front-runners of the countries that joined the European Union in [[2004]]. The Slovenian government currently intends to adopt the [[euro]] as the country's currency from [[1 January]] [[2007]]. == Demografi == {{main|Demographics of Slovenia}} Slovenia's ethnic groups are: [[Slovenians]] (89%); [[Croats]], [[Serbs]], [[Bosniaks]] and other nationalities of the former Yugoslavia (10%); and the ethnic [[Magyars|Hungarian]] and [[Italians|Italian]] minorities (0.5%). Life expectancy in 2000 was 71.80 years for men and 79.50 years for women. With 95 inhabitants per km², Slovenia ranks low among the European countries in population density (compare with 320/km² for the [[Netherlands]] or 195/km² for [[Italy]]). Approximately 50% of the total population lives in urban areas, the rest in rural. The official language is [[Slovenian language|Slovenian]], which is a member of the [[South Slavic languages|South]] [[Slavic languages|Slavic language group]]. [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]] and [[Italian language|Italian]] enjoy the status of official language in the nationally mixed regions along the Hungarian and Italian border. == Kebudayaan == {{main|Culture of Slovenia}} Slovenia got its first printed book with protestant reformer [[Primož Trubar]] ([[1508]]-[[1586]]). It was actually two books, ''Catechismus'' (a [[catechism]]) and [[Abecedarium]], which was published in [[1550]] in [[Tübingen]], [[Germany]]. Part of the country, namely [[Carniola]] (which existed until the [[19th century]]) was ethnographically and historically well described in the book [[The Glory of the Duchy of Carniola]] (Die Ehre des Herzogthums Crain, Slovene Slava vojvodine Kranjske), published in [[1689]] by [[baron]] [[Janez Vajkard Valvasor]] ([[1641]]-[[1693]]). Slovenia's two greatest writers were poet Dr. [[France Prešeren]] (1800-1849) and writer [[Ivan Cankar]] (1876-1918). The most important Slovenian painters are [[Ivana Kobilca]] and [[impressionism|impressionist]] [[Rihard Jakopič]]. The most important Slovenian architect is [[Jože Plečnik]]. Slovenia is a homeland of numerous musicians and composers, including [[Renaissance]] composer [[Jacobus Gallus]] ([[1550]]-[[1591]]). He greatly influenced Central European classical music. In the 20th century, [[Bojan Adamič]] was a renowned film music composer. Contemporary popular musicians have been [[Slavko Avsenik]], [[Laibach (band)|Laibach]], [[Vlado Kreslin]], [[Zoran Predin]], [[Pero Lovšin]], [[New Swing Quartet]], [[DJ Umek]], [[Valentino Kanzyani]], [[Siddharta (band)|Siddharta]], [[Magnifico]] and others. Slovenia's learned men include [[physicist]] [[Joseph Stefan|Jožef Stefan]], [[linguist]] [[Franc Miklošič]] and [[mathematician]] [[Jurij Vega]]. == Biodiversity == Although Slovenia is a small country, different influences interact there. The Alps are in the north (namely, [[Julian Alps]], [[Karavanke]], [[Kamnik Alps]]), the [[Dinaric Alps|Dinarides]] lie in the south, and there is also a small part of Pannonian plain and a [[Littoral Region]]. It also has [[Karst]] - a very rich underground world. Diverse [[Flora (plants)|flora]] and [[fauna (animals)|fauna]] are found there. As mentioned above, half of the country (53%) is covered by [[forest]]. Forests are an important natural resource, but their true value lies in this preserved natural diversity, their ecological (protection of the soil, water and air) and social (tourism and recreation) functions, and the beauty they lend to the Slovenian landscape. In the interior there are typical [[Central Europe|Central European]] forests ([[oak]] and [[beech]], in the mountains [[spruce]], [[fir]] and [[pine]]). The [[tree-line]] is at 1700-1800 m. Pine grows also on the [[Karst]] [[plateau]]. The [[Karst]] and [[White Carniola]] are well known for the mysterious [[olm|proteus]]. Only one third of [[Kras]] is now covered by pine forest. It is said that most was cut long ago to make wooden pylons on which the city of Venice now stands. The [[tilia|lime (linden)]] tree, another common inhabitant of Slovenian forests, is also a national symbol. The national proverb says: "A true Slovenian must raise a child, write a book and plant a tree." In the Alps, the most beautiful flowers are spurge laurel (''[[Daphne blagayana]]''), different [[gentian]]s ([[Charles de l'Écluse|Clusius']] gentian - ''[[Gentiana clusii]]'', [[Froelich]]'s gentian - ''[[Gentiana froelichi]]''), avrikelj or lepi jeglič (''[[Primula auricula]]''), edelweiss (''[[Leontopodium alpinum]]'', the symbol of Slovenian mountaineering), lepi čeveljc (''[[Cypripedium calceolus]]''), Močvirska logarica or marsh tulip (''[[Fritillaria meleagris]]''), velikonočnica (''[[Pulsatilla grandis]]''). Fauna include [[marmot]] (introduced), [[Alpine Ibex|steinbocks]], and [[chamois]]. There are numerous [[deer]], [[roe deer]], [[boar]] and [[hare]]s. The [[loir]] or [[dormouse|fat dormouse]] is often found in Slovenian beech forests. Hunting these animals is a long tradition and is well described in the book [[The Glory of the Duchy of Carniola]] (Slava Vojvodine Kranjske) ([[1689]]), written by [[Janez Vajkard Valvasor]] ([[1641]]-[[1693]]). Some important carnivores include the [[Eurasian lynx]] (reintroduced to [[Kočevje]] area in [[1973]]), European [[wild cat]], [[fox]] (especially the [[red fox]]), and [[jackal]]. There are also [[hedgehog|hedgehogs]], and different species of [[marten]], snakes ([[viper]], [[grass snake]], etc.). As of March 2005, Slovenia also has a limited population of wolves and about 400 [[brown bear|brown bears]]. There is a variety of birds: the [[tawny owl]], [[long-eared owl]] and [[Eagle Owl]], [[hawk]]s, [[Short-toed Eagle]] and other [[birds of prey]], but also other birds such as the [[woodpecker]] (black and green woodpecker). The [[white stork]] nests in [[Prekmurje]]. The autochthonous fish [[Salmo trutta marmoratus|Soča trout]] is found in Slovenia. There are [[dolphin]]s in the Adriatic Sea, but also [[whale]]s can appear here, although very rarely. Domestic animals originating in Slovenia include the ''[[Carniolan honeybee]]'', the autochthonous [[Karst Sheepdog]] and the [[Lipizzan]] horse breed. === Geographical sights === * [[en:Coast of Slovenia]] * [[en:Geometric center of Slovenia]] (Geoss) * [[en:Klopotec]] * [[en:Kozolec]] == Uga pirsani == * [[en:Communications in Slovenia]] * [[en:Foreign relations of Slovenia]] * [[en:Military of Slovenia]] * [[id:Pariwisata di Slovenia]] * [[en:Transportation in Slovenia]]--> == Pranala njaba == {{commons|Category:Slowén}} {{wikivoyage|Slowén}} * [http://www.slovenia.si/ Slovenia.si]. Your gateway to information on Slowén. * [http://www.sigov.si/ Situs resmi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070705104616/http://www.sigov.si/ |date=2007-07-05 }} * [http://www.slovenia-tourism.si/?home=0 Situs resmi pariwisata] * [http://www.stat.si/eng/ Departemen Statistik Slovenia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150302073116/http://www.stat.si/eng/ |date=2015-03-02 }} * [http://www.bsi.si/html/eng/ Bank Slovenia] * [http://www.sloveniatimes.com Slovenia Times] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011002229/http://www.sloveniatimes.com/ |date=2007-10-11 }} * [http://www.mojaslovenija.si/index.html Panoramas of Slovenia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111123184819/http://www.mojaslovenija.si/index.html |date=2011-11-23 }} * [http://www.infoslovenia.be InfoSlovenia.be] * [http://slovenia.hiking.flowiktionary.org Hiking in Slovenia]{{Pranala mati|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{Éropa}} [[Kategori:Slowén|*]] md57sxfm8ksmduc0ijw0fokv9e08mst 1752567 1752566 2026-08-11T18:28:47Z Martin Macha 2111 44992 /* */ 1752567 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Country |native_name = Républika Slovenija |common_name = Slowén |image_flag = Flag of Slovenia.svg |image_coat = Coat of Arms of Slovenia.svg |image_map = LocationSlovenia.png |national_motto = — |national_anthem = [[Zdravljica]] |official_languages = [[Basa Slowén|Slowén]] |capital = [[Ljubljana]] |capitals_coordinates = <small>{{coor dm id|46|03|N|14|30|E||LU|BT}}</small> |largest_city = [[Ljubljana]] |government_type = [[Républik]] |leader_title1 = [[Présidhèn Slowén|Présidhèn]] |leader_title2 = [[Nayakotama Slowén|Nayakotama]] |leader_title3 = |leader_name1 = [[Nataša Pirc Musar]] |leader_name2 = [[Janez Janša]] |leader_name3 = |area_rank = 151 |area_magnitude = 1_E10 |area = 20.273 |percent_water = 0,7% |population_estimate = 2.136.385 |population_estimate_year = 2026 |population_estimate_rank = 144 |population_census = 1.964.036 |population_census_year = 2002 |population_density = 105,4 |population_density_rank = |GDP_PPP_year = 2026 |GDP_PPP = US$129,5 miliar |GDP_PPP_rank = 99 |GDP_PPP_per_capita = US$60.663 |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 36 |sovereignty_type = [[Kamardikan]] |established_events = &nbsp;-Proklamasi<br />&nbsp;-Diakui |established_dates = Saka [[Yugoslavia]]<br />[[25 Juni]] [[1991]]<br />[[1992]] |currency = [[Tolar]] |currency_code = SIT |time_zone = |utc_offset = +1 |time_zone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = +2 |cctld =.si |calling_code = 386 |footnotes= }} '''Républik Slowén''' ([[basa Slowén]]: ''Républika Slovenija'') yaiku nagara pasisir sub-Alpin ing kidul [[Éropa Tengah]] wewatesan karo [[Italia]] ing sisih kulon, [[Sagara Adriatik]] ing sisih kidul-kulon, [[Kroasia]] ing sisih kidul lan wétan, [[Hungaria]] ing sisih lor-wétan, lan [[Ostenrik]] ing sisih lor. Nagara iki péranganing [[Ostenrik-Honggari]] ana ing taun [[1918]] lan sabanjuré dadi pérangan Slovenes ([[Kroasia lan Serbia]]) ana ing [[29 Oktober]] 1918-[[1 Dhésèmber]] [[1918]], Républik Federal Sosialis Yugoslavia (SFR Yugoslavia) wiwit taun [[1945]] nganti mardika ing taun [[1991]]. Nagara iki dadi anggota [[UE]] tanggal [[1 Mèi]] [[2004]]. Slowén uga dadi anggota [[Dewan Éropa]], [[NATO]], lan status pangamat ing [[La Francophonie]]. <!--== Sajarah == {{main|Sajarah Slovenia}} It is believed that the [[Slavic peoples|Slavic]] ancestors of the present-day [[Slovenians]] settled in the area in the [[6th century]]. The Slavic Duchy of [[Karantania|Carantania]], the first proto-Slovenian state and the first stable Slavic state, was formed in the [[7th century]]. In [[745]], Carantania lost its independence, being largely subsumed into the Frankish empire. Many [[Slavs]] [[christianization|converted to Christianity]]. The [[Freising manuscripts]], the earliest surviving written documents in a Slovenian dialect and the first ever Slavic dialect documents in [[Latin alphabet|Latin]] script, were written around [[1000]]. During the [[14th century]], most of Slovenia's regions passed into ownership of the [[Habsburg|Habsburgs]] whose lands later formed the [[Austria-Hungary|Austro-Hungarian Empire]], with Slovenians inhabiting all or most of the provinces of [[Carniola]], [[Gorizia]] and [[Gradisca]], and parts of the provinces of [[Istria]], [[Carinthia (duchy)|Carinthia]] and [[Styria (duchy)|Styria]]. In [[1848]] a strong programme for a [[united Slovenia]] emerged as part of the "Spring of Nations" movement within Austria. With the collapse of the [[Austro-Hungarian]] monarchy in [[1918]], Slovenians initially formed part of the [[State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs]], which shortly joined the [[Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes]], later renamed ([[1929]]) the [[Kingdom of Yugoslavia]]. Following the re-establishment of Yugoslavia at the end of [[World War II]], Slovenia became a part of the [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia]], officially declared on [[29 November]] [[1945]]. Present-day Slovenia was formed on [[25 June]] [[1991]] upon its independence from Yugoslavia. Slovenia joined [[NATO]] on [[29 March]] [[2004]] and the [[European Union]] on [[1 May]] [[2004]]. '''Lihat juga''' [[Timeline of Slovenian history]] == Politik == {{main|Politik Slovenia}} The Slovenian [[head of state]] is the [[president of Slovenia|president]], who is elected by popular vote every 5 years. The [[executive branch]] is headed by the [[prime minister]] and the council of ministers or [[cabinet (government)|cabinet]], which are elected by the parliament. The [[bicameral]] Slovenian [[parliament]] consists of the National Assembly or [[Državni zbor]], and the Državni svet or National Council. The National Assembly has 90 seats, which are partially filled with directly elected representatives, and partially with proportionally elected representatives (two seats reserved for autochthonous Hungarian and Italian minorities). The National Council has 40 seats, and is made up of representatives of social, economic, professional and local interest groups. Parliamentary elections are held every four years, while National Council members are elected indirectly every 5 years. == Kepercayaan == [[Image:Slo regions marked3.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Slovenia is traditionally divided into eight regions.]] ===Sejarah Kepercayaan=== As given by [[Enciklopedija Slovenije]] (Encyclopedia of Slovenia), traditional Slovenian [[region]]s, based on the former division of Slovenia on four crown lands ([[Carniola]],[[Carinthia]], [[Styria (duchy)|Styria]] and [[Goriška]]) and their parts, are: * Gorenjska ([[Upper Carniola]]) (denoted on the map by U.C.) * Štajerska ([[Lower Styria|Styria]]) (S) * Prekmurje ([[Transmuraland]]) (T) * Koroška ([[Carinthia (province)|Carinthia]]) (C) * Notranjska ([[Inner Carniola]]) (I.C.) * Dolenjska ([[Lower Carniola]]) (L.C.) * [[Goriška]] (G) * Slovenska Istra (Slovenian [[Istria]]) (L) The last two are usually considered together as Primorska (the [[Littoral Region]]). [[White Carniola]] (Bela krajina), otherwise part of Lower Carniola, is usually considered a separate region, as is [[Zasavje]], which is otherwise a part of Upper and Lower Carniola and Styria. ===Natural Regions=== The first regionalizations of Slovenia were made by geographers [[Anton Melik]] (1935-1936) and [[Svetozar Ilešič]] (1968). The newer regionalization by [[Ivan Gams]] divides Slovenia in the following macroregions: * the [[Alps]] (visokogorske Alpe) * the Prealpine Hills (predalpsko hribovje) * the [[Ljubljana basin]] (Ljubljanska kotlina) * Submediterranean ([[Littoral]]) Slovenia (submediteranska - primorska Slovenija) * the [[Dinaric Alps|dinaric]] [[Karst]] of [[inner Slovenia]] (dinarski kras notranje Slovenije) * Subpannonian Slovenia (subpanononska Slovenija) According to a newer natural geographic regionalization, the country consists of four [[macroregion]]s. These are the Alpine world, the Mediterranean world, the Dinaric world and the Pannonian world. Macroregions are defined according to major relief units (the Alps, the Pannonian plain, the Dinaric mountains) and climate types (continental, alpine, mediterranean). These are often quite interwoven. Macroregions consist of multiple and very diverse [[mesoregion]]s. The main factor that defines them is the relief together with the geologic composition. Mesoregions in turn consist of numerous [[microregion]]s. ===Administrative Regions=== As of [[May]] [[2005]], only Statistical regions exist, and, as their name suggests, are only used for [[Statistics|statistical]] purposes. There are 12 of these regions. [[Image:Slovenia Regions.png|thumb|right|600px|Map of the 12 statistical regions of Slovenia.]] The Statistical regions are: * Pomurska * Podravska * Koroška * Savinjska * Zasavska * Spodnjeposavska * Jugovzhodna Slovenija * Osrednjeslovenska * Gorenjska * Notranjsko-kraška * Goriška * Obalno-kraška The [[Government]], however, is preparing a plan for new Administrative regions. The number of these regions is not yet defined, but is said to be around 10 to 12. The plan will, after being publicly unveiled, need to undergo parliamentary debate, and it is expected that [[constitution]] changes will be needed before the regionalization can come into effect. If the scenario of 12 Administrative regions is selected, the regions will most likely be the same as the current Statistical regions. == Municipalities == {{main|Municipalities of Slovenia}} Slovenia is divided into 193 municipalities (''občine'', singular - ''občina''), of which 11 have urban status. == Geografi == {{main|Geography of Slovenia}} [[Image:Si-map.png|thumb|right|250px|Map of Slovenia]] Four major European geographic regions meet in Slovenia: the [[Alps]], the [[Dinaric Alps|Dinarides]], the [[Pannonian plain]], and the [[Mediterranean]]. Slovenia's highest peak is [[Triglav]] (2864 m); the country's average height above the sea level is 557 m. Around one half of the country (10,124 km²) is covered by [[forest]]s; this makes Slovenia the third most forested country in Europe, after [[Finland]] and [[Sweden]]. Remnants of primeval forests are still to be found, the largest in the [[Kočevje]] area. Grassland covers 5593 km² of the country and fields and gardens 2471 km². There are also 363 km² of orchards and 216 km² of [[vineyard]]s. Its [[climate]] is Submediterranean on the coast, Alpine in the mountains and continental with mild to hot summers and cold winters in the plateaus and valleys to the east. The average temperatures are -2°C in January and 21°C in July. The average rainfall is 1000 mm for the coast, up to 3500 mm for the Alps, 800 mm for south east and 1400 mm for central Slovenia. '''Lihat juga:''' [[List of national parks of Slovenia|National parks of Slovenia]]. == Ekonomi == {{main|Ekonomi Slovenia}} Slovenia is a high-income economy which enjoys the highest [[Gross Domestic Product|GDP]] per capita (US$21,567 in [[2005]]) of the newly joined EU countries. The country's relatively high rate of [[inflation]] (3.6% in [[2004]]) declined to 2.5% in 2005 and is now comparable to the average in the [[European Union]]. Slovenia's economy [[Economic growth|grew]] impressively in [[2004]], by 4.6%, after relatively slow growth in 2003 (2.5%). Overall, the country is on a sound economic footing. During [[2000]], privatisations were seen in the [[banking]], [[telecommunications]], and public utility sectors. Restrictions on foreign [[investment]] are slowly being dismantled, and [[foreign direct investment]] (FDI) is expected to increase over the next two years. Slovenia can be considered one of the economic front-runners of the countries that joined the European Union in [[2004]]. The Slovenian government currently intends to adopt the [[euro]] as the country's currency from [[1 January]] [[2007]]. == Demografi == {{main|Demographics of Slovenia}} Slovenia's ethnic groups are: [[Slovenians]] (89%); [[Croats]], [[Serbs]], [[Bosniaks]] and other nationalities of the former Yugoslavia (10%); and the ethnic [[Magyars|Hungarian]] and [[Italians|Italian]] minorities (0.5%). Life expectancy in 2000 was 71.80 years for men and 79.50 years for women. With 95 inhabitants per km², Slovenia ranks low among the European countries in population density (compare with 320/km² for the [[Netherlands]] or 195/km² for [[Italy]]). Approximately 50% of the total population lives in urban areas, the rest in rural. The official language is [[Slovenian language|Slovenian]], which is a member of the [[South Slavic languages|South]] [[Slavic languages|Slavic language group]]. [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]] and [[Italian language|Italian]] enjoy the status of official language in the nationally mixed regions along the Hungarian and Italian border. == Kebudayaan == {{main|Culture of Slovenia}} Slovenia got its first printed book with protestant reformer [[Primož Trubar]] ([[1508]]-[[1586]]). It was actually two books, ''Catechismus'' (a [[catechism]]) and [[Abecedarium]], which was published in [[1550]] in [[Tübingen]], [[Germany]]. Part of the country, namely [[Carniola]] (which existed until the [[19th century]]) was ethnographically and historically well described in the book [[The Glory of the Duchy of Carniola]] (Die Ehre des Herzogthums Crain, Slovene Slava vojvodine Kranjske), published in [[1689]] by [[baron]] [[Janez Vajkard Valvasor]] ([[1641]]-[[1693]]). Slovenia's two greatest writers were poet Dr. [[France Prešeren]] (1800-1849) and writer [[Ivan Cankar]] (1876-1918). The most important Slovenian painters are [[Ivana Kobilca]] and [[impressionism|impressionist]] [[Rihard Jakopič]]. The most important Slovenian architect is [[Jože Plečnik]]. Slovenia is a homeland of numerous musicians and composers, including [[Renaissance]] composer [[Jacobus Gallus]] ([[1550]]-[[1591]]). He greatly influenced Central European classical music. In the 20th century, [[Bojan Adamič]] was a renowned film music composer. Contemporary popular musicians have been [[Slavko Avsenik]], [[Laibach (band)|Laibach]], [[Vlado Kreslin]], [[Zoran Predin]], [[Pero Lovšin]], [[New Swing Quartet]], [[DJ Umek]], [[Valentino Kanzyani]], [[Siddharta (band)|Siddharta]], [[Magnifico]] and others. Slovenia's learned men include [[physicist]] [[Joseph Stefan|Jožef Stefan]], [[linguist]] [[Franc Miklošič]] and [[mathematician]] [[Jurij Vega]]. == Biodiversity == Although Slovenia is a small country, different influences interact there. The Alps are in the north (namely, [[Julian Alps]], [[Karavanke]], [[Kamnik Alps]]), the [[Dinaric Alps|Dinarides]] lie in the south, and there is also a small part of Pannonian plain and a [[Littoral Region]]. It also has [[Karst]] - a very rich underground world. Diverse [[Flora (plants)|flora]] and [[fauna (animals)|fauna]] are found there. As mentioned above, half of the country (53%) is covered by [[forest]]. Forests are an important natural resource, but their true value lies in this preserved natural diversity, their ecological (protection of the soil, water and air) and social (tourism and recreation) functions, and the beauty they lend to the Slovenian landscape. In the interior there are typical [[Central Europe|Central European]] forests ([[oak]] and [[beech]], in the mountains [[spruce]], [[fir]] and [[pine]]). The [[tree-line]] is at 1700-1800 m. Pine grows also on the [[Karst]] [[plateau]]. The [[Karst]] and [[White Carniola]] are well known for the mysterious [[olm|proteus]]. Only one third of [[Kras]] is now covered by pine forest. It is said that most was cut long ago to make wooden pylons on which the city of Venice now stands. The [[tilia|lime (linden)]] tree, another common inhabitant of Slovenian forests, is also a national symbol. The national proverb says: "A true Slovenian must raise a child, write a book and plant a tree." In the Alps, the most beautiful flowers are spurge laurel (''[[Daphne blagayana]]''), different [[gentian]]s ([[Charles de l'Écluse|Clusius']] gentian - ''[[Gentiana clusii]]'', [[Froelich]]'s gentian - ''[[Gentiana froelichi]]''), avrikelj or lepi jeglič (''[[Primula auricula]]''), edelweiss (''[[Leontopodium alpinum]]'', the symbol of Slovenian mountaineering), lepi čeveljc (''[[Cypripedium calceolus]]''), Močvirska logarica or marsh tulip (''[[Fritillaria meleagris]]''), velikonočnica (''[[Pulsatilla grandis]]''). Fauna include [[marmot]] (introduced), [[Alpine Ibex|steinbocks]], and [[chamois]]. There are numerous [[deer]], [[roe deer]], [[boar]] and [[hare]]s. The [[loir]] or [[dormouse|fat dormouse]] is often found in Slovenian beech forests. Hunting these animals is a long tradition and is well described in the book [[The Glory of the Duchy of Carniola]] (Slava Vojvodine Kranjske) ([[1689]]), written by [[Janez Vajkard Valvasor]] ([[1641]]-[[1693]]). Some important carnivores include the [[Eurasian lynx]] (reintroduced to [[Kočevje]] area in [[1973]]), European [[wild cat]], [[fox]] (especially the [[red fox]]), and [[jackal]]. There are also [[hedgehog|hedgehogs]], and different species of [[marten]], snakes ([[viper]], [[grass snake]], etc.). As of March 2005, Slovenia also has a limited population of wolves and about 400 [[brown bear|brown bears]]. There is a variety of birds: the [[tawny owl]], [[long-eared owl]] and [[Eagle Owl]], [[hawk]]s, [[Short-toed Eagle]] and other [[birds of prey]], but also other birds such as the [[woodpecker]] (black and green woodpecker). The [[white stork]] nests in [[Prekmurje]]. The autochthonous fish [[Salmo trutta marmoratus|Soča trout]] is found in Slovenia. There are [[dolphin]]s in the Adriatic Sea, but also [[whale]]s can appear here, although very rarely. Domestic animals originating in Slovenia include the ''[[Carniolan honeybee]]'', the autochthonous [[Karst Sheepdog]] and the [[Lipizzan]] horse breed. === Geographical sights === * [[en:Coast of Slovenia]] * [[en:Geometric center of Slovenia]] (Geoss) * [[en:Klopotec]] * [[en:Kozolec]] == Uga pirsani == * [[en:Communications in Slovenia]] * [[en:Foreign relations of Slovenia]] * [[en:Military of Slovenia]] * [[id:Pariwisata di Slovenia]] * [[en:Transportation in Slovenia]]--> == Pranala njaba == {{commons|Category:Slowén}} {{wikivoyage|Slowén}} * [http://www.slovenia.si/ Slovenia.si]. Your gateway to information on Slowén. * [http://www.sigov.si/ Situs resmi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070705104616/http://www.sigov.si/ |date=2007-07-05 }} * [http://www.slovenia-tourism.si/?home=0 Situs resmi pariwisata] * [http://www.stat.si/eng/ Departemen Statistik Slovenia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150302073116/http://www.stat.si/eng/ |date=2015-03-02 }} * [http://www.bsi.si/html/eng/ Bank Slovenia] * [http://www.sloveniatimes.com Slovenia Times] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011002229/http://www.sloveniatimes.com/ |date=2007-10-11 }} * [http://www.mojaslovenija.si/index.html Panoramas of Slovenia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111123184819/http://www.mojaslovenija.si/index.html |date=2011-11-23 }} * [http://www.infoslovenia.be InfoSlovenia.be] * [http://slovenia.hiking.flowiktionary.org Hiking in Slovenia]{{Pranala mati|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{Éropa}} [[Kategori:Slowén|*]] 0t7g85nfihjs0s6q3q0ww1qgzfo5rrl 0 48127 1752574 1696201 2026-08-12T07:25:24Z ~2026-44216-23 74020 Gambar 1752574 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement |name = Doha |native_name = {{Rtl-lang|ar|الدوحة}} ''ad-Dawḥa'' |type = Kutha lan [[Munisipalitas di Qatar|Munisipalitas]] |image_skyline = |imagesize = 300px |image_caption = Saka ndhuwur: [[Universitas Qatar]], [[Musiyum Kesenian Islam, Dohan|Musiam Kesenian Islam]], [[Doha Corniche|Doha Skyline]], [[Souq Waqif]], [[The Pearl-Qatar|The Pearl]] |image_map = QA-01.svg |mapsize = x150px |map_caption = Lokasi Dohan ing [[Qatar]]. |pushpin_map = |pushpin_label_position = |pushpin_mapsize = |subdivision_type = [[Pratélan nagara ing donya|Nagara]] |subdivision_name = {{flag|Qatar}} |subdivision_type1 = [[Munisipalitas ing Qatar|Munisipalitas]] |subdivision_name1 = [[Ad Dawhah]] |established_title = Established |established_date = 1850 |area_total_km2 = 132 |area_metro_km2 = |population_as_of = 2009 |population_note = |population_total =998651 |total_type = City |population_metro = 1, 723, 064 |population_density_km2 = auto |latd=25 |latm=17 | lats=12 |latNS=N |longd=51|longm=32 | longs=0| longEW=E |coordinates_display = inline,title |coordinates_type = type:city_region:QA-DA |timezone1 = [[East Africa Time]] |utc_offset1 = +03 |website = |footnotes = }} <!-- Infobox ends --> [[Gambar:Modern Doha.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Kutha Modhèrn Doha]] [[Gambar:HEC Paris, Doha.png|thumb|right|200px|[[HEC Paris|HEC Paris, Doha]]]] '''Doha''' ([[basa Arab]]: الدوحة;, '''Ad-Dawḥah''') iku [[kutha krajan]] [[Qatar]] kang ana ing [[Lempongan Pèrsi]]. Sing ndunungi gunggungé 339.847 jiwa (sensus [[2004]]). Koordinaté ya iku {{coor dm id|25|18|N|51|32|E||LU|BT}}. Ing kutha iki ana [[Papan Anggegana Internasional Doha]] lan indhustri-indhustri [[lenga|palengaan]] lan [[perikanan]] kang gedhé. Doha diyasa mawa jeneng '''Al-Bida''' nalika taun [[1850]]. Taun 1883, rakyat Qatar sangisoré pimpinan ''Sheikh Qassim'', ngalahaké wadyabala [[Karajan Ottoman]] sajeroning sawijining peperangan ing kutha iki. Nalika taun [[1916]], Doha dadi kutha krajan protektorat Britania ing Qatar. Pangèksporan lenga saka Doha diwiwiti taun [[1949]]. Wangunan ''Government House'' kang saiki dianggep lambang kutha, dibukak taun [[1969]]. Nalika Qatar mardika taun [[1971]], Doha tetep dadi kutha krajan. Doha dadi tuan rumah [[Asian Games 2006|''Asian Games'' kaping-15]] ing wulan Dhésèmber [[2006]]. Kutha iki dadi tuan rumah Universitas Qatar uga kampus sekolah bisnis [[HEC Paris]]. [[Kategori:Kutha krajan]] [[Kategori:Kutha ing Qatar]] o10dzbazuw3gs8tvjiz7nx4seg7fkpz 0 89354 1752577 1741612 2026-08-12T11:49:29Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1752577 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:تخطيط اسم أبو ذر الغفاري.png|thumb|right]] '''Jundub bin Junadah bin Sakan''' ([[Basa Arab|Arab]]: جُندب بن جَنادة) utawa luwih kaloka kanthi jeneng '''Abu Dzar al-Ghifari''' utawa '''Abizar al-Ghifari''' ya iku sahabat [[Muhammad]]. == Biografi == Abu Dzar asalé saka [[suku]] [[Ghifar]] (kaloka minangka panyamun ing mangsa sadurungé tekané [[Islam]]). Dhèwèké nganut agama Islam kanthi sukarela, dhèwèké salah siji sahabat kang luwih ndisik nganut agama Islam. Dhèwèké nekani Muhammad langsung ing [[Mekah]] saperlu mratelakake kaislamane. Sawisé mratelakake kaislamane, dhèwèké ngubengi [[Mekah]] saperlu mbengokake yèn dhèwèké sawijining muslim nganti dhèwèké dikepruki suku [[Kurès]]. Amarga ditulungi [[Abbas bin Abdul Muthalib]], dhèwèké dibebasake suku [[Kurès]], sawisé suku Kurès mangerteni yèn wong kang dikepruki iku saka suku [[Ghifar]]. Dhèwèké mèlu meh kabèh pertempuran-pertempuran semangsane Muhammad gesang. Wong-wong kang lumebu Islam lumantar dhèwèké, ya iku: Ali-al-Ghifari, Anis al-Ghifari, Ramlah al-Ghifariyah. Dhewke kaloka setya banget marang Rasulullah. Kasetyane dibuktèkaké kanthi sosok prsaja iki ing sawijining lelungan wadyabala Muslim tumuju medan Perang Tabuk nglawan kakaisaran Bizantium. Amarha ''keledai''ne lemes, dhèwèké lila lumaku sinambi mikul gawanane. Nalika iku ana kedadeyan pucuking mangsa panas. Dhèwèké keselen lan ambruk ing ngarepe Nabi SAW. Nanging Rasulullah gumun amarga kantong banyune isih kebak. Sawisé ditakoni kenapa dhèwèké ora ngumbe banyune, tokoh kang uga kerap ngritik pangwasa sapenake dhéwé iki kandha, "Ing lelunganku iki, aku nemu tuk. Aku ngombé banyu iku nanging mung sithik lan aku ngrasa énak banget. Sawisé iku, aku supata ora bakal ngumbe banyu iku manèh sadurungé Nabi SAW ngunjuk." Kanthi rasa trenyuh, Rasulullah ngendika, "Sira teka ijèn, sira urip ijèn, lan sira bakal mati sajeroning kaijènan. Nanging sarombongan wong saka Irak kang saleh mbesuk bakal ngurus panguburanmu." Abu Dzar Al Ghifary, sahabat setya Rasulullah iku, ngabdi kanggo Islam selawase urip. == Réferènsi == # Summarized Sahih Al Bukhary, Islamic University Al Madinah Al Munawarah == Pranala njaba == === Pranala Singah === * [http://www.al-islam.org/gallery/kids/Books/companion5/ Abu Dhar al-Ghifari] * [http://www.iranchamber.com/personalities/ashariati/works/once_again_abu_dhar1.php And Once Again Abu-Dhar by Dr. Ali Shariati] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110805112031/http://www.iranchamber.com/personalities/ashariati/works/once_again_abu_dhar1.php |date=2011-08-05 }} === Pranala Sunni === * [http://www.witness-pioneer.org/vil/Articles/companion/abu_dharr_al_ghifari.htm Short biographical sketch] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120513121031/http://www.witness-pioneer.org/vil/Articles/companion/abu_dharr_al_ghifari.htm |date=2012-05-13 }} * [http://www.sahaba.net/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=113 About his asceticism] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050220194628/http://www.sahaba.net/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=113 |date=2005-02-20 }} * [http://www.sahaba.net/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=124 The power of belief] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050222180811/http://www.sahaba.net/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=124 |date=2005-02-22 }} {{sahabat nabi}} [[Kategori:Panganut Islam pisanan]] ql9kmympc4nukzk111m4kr59zik6asj 4 165026 1752568 1752559 2026-08-12T00:03:06Z MediaWiki message delivery 19967 /* This Month in GLAM: July 2026 */ pérangan anyar 1752568 wikitext text/x-wiki {{/Pambuka}} <div style="display: none;"> {{Naraguna:LabdajiwaBot/konfig arsip |archive = Wikipédia:Angkringan Warta/Arsip %(year)d |algo = old(30d) |counter = 1 |minthreadsleft = 0 |minthreadstoarchive = 1 }} </div> == ''The Signpost'': 13 July 2026 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''</div> <div style="column-count:2;"> * News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-07-13/News and notes|An exclusive club]] * In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-07-13/In the media|Battle for a soul - who won?]] * Opinion: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-07-13/Opinion|We need to innovate with Wikimedia decision-making]] * Recent research: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-07-13/Recent research|LLMs and NPOV, 20 years of user blocks, Esperanto and Volapük Wikipedias]] * News from Diff: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-07-13/News from Diff|How to host Wikicurious in your own community]] * Community view: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-07-13/Community view|CUNY Newmark Wikimedian-in-Residence Quarterly Brief – April to June 2026]] * Special report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-07-13/Special report|Wikipedia escapes Category 1 designation under the UK Online Safety Act - for now]] * On the bright side: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-07-13/On the bright side|Fatherhood, weather, and diplomacy]] * Op-ed: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-07-13/Op-ed|A Layup Easy Proposal for Wikimedia at 25: Spend 25% of Donations on the Community]] * Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-07-13/Traffic report|The grass was greener, the light was brighter]] * Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-07-13/Comix|schnozzed]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 13 Juli 2026 07.27 (UTC) <!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --></div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:JPxG@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&oldid=30775662 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-29</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W29"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/29|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Revise_Tone|Revisi Nada]] (''Revise Tone'') membantu pengguna baru mengenali bagian-bagian dalam artikel Wikipedia yang mungkin menggunakan bahasa yang kurang sesuai dengan gaya ensiklopedis, sekaligus mengajaknya untuk mempertimbangkan penyuntingan ulang agar nada tulisannya lebih tepat. Fitur ini telah diuji melalui [[w:en:A/B_testing|pengujian A/B]] di Wikipedia bahasa Arab, Inggris, Prancis, dan Portugis. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat penyelesaian tugas oleh pengguna baru [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Revise_Tone#Experiment_Results|meningkat sebesar 38,7%]] dibandingkan dengan tugas penyuntingan teks bawaan, tanpa penurunan kualitas suntingan. Uji coba tersebut berakhir pada 9 Juli, dan kini fitur ini tersedia bagi semua pengguna di wiki-wiki tersebut, dan dapat diatur melalui Konfigurasi Komunitas. Selanjutnya, fitur ini [[phab:T426364|direncanakan]] akan diluncurkan ke lebih banyak wiki. * Konfigurasi komunitas yang memungkinkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship#Automated mentor list cleanup|pembimbing tidak aktif dihapus secara otomatis]] berdasarkan kriteria yang dapat disesuaikan akan mulai diaktifkan pada hari Kamis, 16 Juli, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Deployment|di sejumlah wiki]] agar daftar pembimbing tetap mutakhir. Pembimbing merupakan kontributor berpengalaman yang secara sukarela mendaftarkan diri untuk membantu pengguna baru di wiki melalui [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary|Fitur-fitur Pertumbuhan]]. Pengurus kini dapat menyiapkan pengaturannya melalui [[w:Special:CommunityConfiguration/Mentorship|Special:CommunityConfiguration/Mentorship]]. Pengaturan tersebut akan mulai berlaku pada hari Kamis. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:38}} {{PLURAL:38|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah yang menyebabkan sebagian pengguna aplikasi Wikipedia untuk Android langsung keluar log sesaat setelah masuk log (''login'') sehingga mereka tidak dapat tetap masuk log dan menyunting halaman, kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316916] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Penyuntingan halaman menggunakan skrip pengguna atau gawai sebelumnya menyebabkan label daftar pantauan yang telah ditetapkan pengguna pada halaman tersebut kembali ke kondisi awal. Masalah tersebut kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423778] * Sebagai solusi sementara untuk mengatasi bug pada Safari (lihat [[phab:T425211]]), pada wiki yang telah mengaktifkan Parsoid, atribut href pada pranala wiki kini menggunakan URL absolut, alih-alih URL relatif terhadap protokol (''protocol-relative URL''). Keluaran REST API tidak mengalami perubahan dan tetap menggunakan URL relatif terhadap protokol. Oleh karena itu, gawai, skrip pengguna, bot, atau CSS mungkin perlu disesuaikan apabila sebelumnya bergantung pada penggunaan URL relatif terhadap protokol dalam atribut href pada pranala wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T431358] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.11|MediaWiki]] '''Lebih lanjut''' * Tim Platform Eksperimen (''Experiment Platform Team'') dari Wikimedia Foundation telah menerbitkan sebuah tulisan di blog yang merenungkan tahun pertama pelaksanaan uji coba terstruktur mereka. Tulisan tersebut menyoroti berbagai eksperimen yang berhasil, seperti Pemeriksaan Tempel, Pemeriksaan Referensi, dan Pemeriksaan Nada Bahasa, yang terbukti meningkatkan hasil penyuntingan dan kini telah diluncurkan kepada lebih banyak pengguna. Selain itu, tulisan tersebut juga membahas sejumlah eksperimen yang pada akhirnya tidak menghasilkan perubahan terhadap produk. [[diffblog:2026/07/07/moving-the-needle-how-we-test-new-ideas-across-wikimedia-projects|Baca selengkapnya]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/29|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W29"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 13 Juli 2026 16.10 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30804401 --> == Books & Bytes – Issue 75 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style = "font-size: 1.5em; margin: 0 100px"> [[File:Bookshelf.jpg|right|175px]]</div> <div style = "line-height: 1.2"> <span style="font-size: 2em; font-family: Copperplate, 'Copperplate Gothic Light', serif">'''The Wikipedia Library''': ''Books & Bytes''</span><br /> Issue 75, May–June 2026 </div> <div style = "margin-top: 1.5em; border: 3px solid #ae8c55; border-radius: .5em; padding: 1em 1.5em; font-size: 1.2em"> * New partnerships: The Telegraph, Marg, The Tribune newspapers * Tech tip: Expired partnerships <big>'''[[:m:The Wikipedia Library/Newsletter/May-June 2026|Read the full newsletter]]'''</big> </div> </div> <small>Sent by [[m:User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] on behalf of The Wikipedia Library team – 17 Juli 2026 14.44 (UTC)</small> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Samwalton9 (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Wikipedia_Library/Newsletter/Recipients&oldid=30816481 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-30</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W30"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/30|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reader/Reader Experience|Tim Pengalaman Pembaca]] telah menindaklanjuti berbagai masukan dari komunitas mengenai penempatan tombol bintang pantauan (''watchstar'') dan daftar pantauan (''watchlist'') pada [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|fitur beta Daftar Bacaan]] (''Reading Lists''). Fitur ini memungkinkan pengguna menyimpan artikel untuk dibaca di lain waktu dan merupakan salah satu [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W102|usulan dalam daftar harapan pengembangan]] agar fungsi tersebut tersedia di antarmuka web. Para penyunting diundang untuk mengaktifkan fitur beta ini, mencobanya, dan [[phab:T426453|menyampaikan tanggapan maupun masukan mereka]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Mode Saran]] menghadirkan saran penyuntingan di dalam VisualEditor untuk membantu meningkatkan kualitas artikel Wikipedia. [[Special:EditChecks|Seluruh saran]] yang ditampilkan dapat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Suggestion mode#For administrators – local customization|dikonfigurasi oleh komunitas]]. Salah satu fiturnya, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/TextMatch|TextMatch]], memungkinkan para sukarelawan membuat saran lokal yang disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan wiki masing-masing. Fitur ini bekerja dengan mencari pola teks tertentu di dalam artikel, dan kini telah mendukung penggunaan ekspresi reguler. Dukungan tersebut memberikan ketelitian dan fleksibilitas yang lebih besar bagi para sukarelawan dalam menentukan jenis saran lokal yang ingin dibuat. Perlu diketahui bahwa saran [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Configuration#:~:text=maximumEditcount|dapat disasar]] berdasarkan jumlah suntingan penyunting atau berbagai karakteristik lain dari halaman yang sedang disunting. Sebagai referensi, tersedia pula [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Suggestion mode#Create custom local types of Suggestions|berbagai contoh dari komunitas lain]], termasuk TextMatch yang dapat mendeteksi kesalahan ketik, kesalahan tata bahasa, potensi konten promosi, penggunaan ungkapan klise, kesalahan penggunaan tanda pisah atau tanda hubung, kata-kata penunjuk waktu yang tidak spesifik, nama yang sudah tidak lagi digunakan, dan lain-lain. Segala bentuk [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|masukan]] sangat diharapkan. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:27}} {{PLURAL:27|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah pada perkakas Penerjemah SVG (''SVG Translate''), yang sebelumnya menggunakan versi berkas yang sudah usang. Akibatnya, terjemahan yang sudah ada dapat tertimpa saat terjemahan baru diunggah. Masalah tersebut [[phab:T430577|kini telah diperbaiki]]. Secara keseluruhan, sepanjang triwulan April–Juni 2026, Wikimedia Foundation telah menyelesaikan sekitar 337 tugas yang diajukan oleh komunitas. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Pada wiki yang telah menggunakan Parsoid, kini jumlah gambar yang dapat dihasilkan dalam satu halaman akan dibatasi hingga 1.250 gambar. Kategori pelacakan baru bernama "media-limit-reached" akan segera tersedia untuk membantu mengidentifikasi halaman yang mencapai batas tersebut. Dengan adanya kategori ini, halaman yang keluaran medianya mungkin dibatasi selama proses render akan lebih mudah ditemukan. Lihat [[phab:T430854]] untuk informasi lebih lanjut dan untuk menyampaikan masukan. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.12|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/30|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W30"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21 Juli 2026 05.45 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30836091 --> == Request for comment (the future of Abstract Wikipedia) == <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Apologies if this has not yet been translated into your wiki's language. {{int:Please-translate}} You are invited to voice your opinions in a [[:m:Requests for comment/The future of Abstract Wikipedia|request for comment about the future of Abstract Wikipedia]]. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[:m:User:Kowal2701|Kowal2701]] ([[:m:User talk:Kowal2701|talk]]) 24 Juli 2026 12.24 (UTC) </bdi> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:DreamRimmer@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30513860 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-31</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W31"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/31|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ContentTranslation|Penerjemahan Konten]] (''Content Translation''), kini mendukung mode gelap. Pembaruan ini memenuhi salah satu [[m:Community Wishlist/W544|permintaan dari Daftar Harapan Komunitas]] dan membuat perkakas tersebut selaras dengan fitur aksesibilitas yang telah tersedia pada kulit Vector 2022 dan Minerva. Dengan dukungan ini, pengguna yang menerjemahkan konten dapat mengurangi kelelahan visual saat menggunakan perkakas tersebut. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367077] * Mode sumber pada DiscussionTools dan penyunting teks wiki 2017 kini akan menyediakan fitur pelengkapan otomatis untuk pranala (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>[[</nowiki></code></bdi>), templat (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{</nowiki></code></bdi>), tag HTML dan pengurai (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><</nowiki></code></bdi>), dan kata magis (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>__</nowiki></code></bdi>). Fitur ini membuat proses penyisipan pranala, templat, dan elemen markah wiki lainnya menjadi lebih cepat dan mudah ketika melakukan penyuntingan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T432400] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews|Tim Pertumbuhan Pembaca]] telah menyelesaikan eksperimennya mengenai pratinjau halaman pada perangkat seluler (''mobile page previews'') dan memutuskan untuk tidak meluncurkan fitur tersebut secara luas. Pratinjau Halaman (''Page Previews'') merupakan lembar tersembul di bagian bawah layar yang muncul ketika pembaca mengetuk pranala berwarna biru. Fitur ini menampilkan keluku, paragraf pembuka artikel, dan opsi untuk membuka artikel tersebut. Hasil uji coba menunjukkan tingkat retensi yang relatif datar dan metrik indikator yang negatif. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa pembaca Wikipedia melalui web seluler lebih memilih berpindah langsung ke artikel yang ditautkan daripada menggunakan pratinjau halaman. * Tim Pengalaman Pembaca memperoleh hasil awal yang menjanjikan dari [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|fitur Daftar Bacaan]] (''Reading Lists''), dengan 93% pengguna yang berpartisipasi melaporkan bahwa fitur tersebut bermanfaat. Fitur ini membantu pembaca aktif menyimpan artikel untuk dibaca kembali di masa mendatang dan mendukung tujuan pembelajaran mereka dalam proyek-proyek Wikimedia. Tim tersebut berencana melakukan peningkatan lebih lanjut sebelum memperluas penggunaan fitur ini kepada lebih banyak pengguna. * Inisiatif [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh|Penyegaran Jelajah Umpan]] (''Explore Feed Refresh'') telah diuji coba kepada pembaca baru dan pembaca kasual aplikasi Wikipedia. Tampilan umpan yang diperbarui ini membantu pembaca menemukan artikel baru yang relevan dengan lebih mudah. Setelah fitur tersebut menghasilkan peningkatan interaksi sebesar 10,5% pada penggunaan umpan, tim Aplikasi Wikimedia memutuskan untuk menerapkan desain ulang Umpan Beranda (''Home Feed'') pada perangkat iOS, dengan memanfaatkan pembelajaran dari peluncuran versi Android. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:23}} {{PLURAL:23|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah pada fitur Panduan Artikel yang menyebabkan nama subjek ditampilkan dengan penggunaan huruf kapital yang keliru di Wikipedia bahasa Prancis kini telah diperbaiki. Nama subjek tersebut sekarang akan ditampilkan sesuai dengan aturan kapitalisasi yang berlaku dalam bahasa terkait. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427201] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Setelah melakukan serangkaian [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|Uji Coba Pembuatan Akun]] untuk meningkatkan persentase pengguna yang berhasil menyelesaikan proses registrasi, versi terbaru kolom nama pengguna pada halaman [[Special:CreateAccount|Buat Akun]] kini telah diterapkan. Versi terbaru ini menambahkan jendela sembul yang berisi [[:c:File:Create account - July 2026 updates.png|ringkasan kebijakan nama pengguna]], sehingga pengguna memperoleh panduan yang lebih jelas saat membuat akun. Sebagai bagian dari perubahan ini, pesan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-helpusername</nowiki></code></bdi> dan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-username-help</nowiki></code></bdi> yang telah dikonfigurasi oleh beberapa komunitas tidak akan digunakan lagi. Jika komunitas ingin menyesuaikan panduan yang ditampilkan pada dialog sembul baru tersebut, mereka dapat menyunting halaman pesan-pesan berikut: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-username-policy-popover-bullet1</nowiki></code></bdi>, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-username-policy-popover-bullet2</nowiki></code></bdi>, dan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-username-policy-popover-bullet3</nowiki></code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T430604] * Mulai akhir pekan ini, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|penyorot sintaks CodeMirror]] akan menyediakan pilihan tema. Tema tersebut dapat dipilih melalui menu tarik-turun pada dialog [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#CodeMirror preferences|pengaturan lengkap CodeMirror]]. Untuk teks wiki, tema yang tersedia adalah: ''default'' (tampilan standar), ''colorblind-friendly'' (ramah bagi pengguna dengan buta warna; sebelumnya merupakan opsi preferensi buta warna pada [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing]]), dan ''no-highlighting'' (tanpa penyorotan sintaks). Untuk bahasa pemrograman seperti CSS, JavaScript, JSON, Vue, dan Lua, tersedia beberapa pilihan tema lainnya. Tema-tema yang sama nantinya juga akan tersedia untuk teks wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T163533] * Mulai sekarang, wiki dapat membatasi penyuntingan pada ruang nama "Pengguna" hanya kepada pemilik halaman tersebut dan kelompok pengguna tertentu. Silakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:$wgRestrictUserPageEditing|membaca dokumentasi konfigurasi]] untuk mengetahui informasi lebih lanjut. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.14|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/31|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W31"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 27 Juli 2026 18.48 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30856308 --> == This Month in Education: July 2026 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 15 • Issue 7 • July 2026</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/July 2026|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/July 2026/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2026/Practical Wikipedia Training for Teachers Held in Tetovo, Macedonia|Practical Wikipedia Training for Teachers Held in Tetovo, Macedonia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2026/Wikimedia Ukraine at the Teachers of the Future Festival|Wikimedia Ukraine at the Teachers of the Future Festival]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2026/Six Months of Growth, Learning, and Impact: My Journey as an EduWiki Mentor|Six Months of Growth, Learning, and Impact: My Journey as an EduWiki Mentor]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2026/PhilWiki Community pays homage to Antoine de Saint-Exupéry at Wikimania Paris 2026|PhilWiki Community pays homage to Antoine de Saint-Exupéry at Wikimania Paris 2026]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2026/Google25 Expands Tamil Wikipedia Community|Google25 Expands Tamil Wikipedia Community]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2026/Edu Wiki camp gathers Serbian youth around the topic of open knowledge|Edu Wiki camp gathers Serbian youth around the topic of open knowledge]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2026/Cátedra Glaciares: A Collaborative Experience for the Study and Conservation of Colombia’s Cryosphere|Cátedra Glaciares: A Collaborative Experience for the Study and Conservation of Colombia’s Cryosphere]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2026/Continuing Wiki education partnerships in Brazil|Continuing Wiki education partnerships in Brazil]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2026/Building EduWiki in Albania: From school outreach to student contributions in Wikimedia projects|Building EduWiki in Albania: From school outreach to student contributions in Wikimedia projects]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2026/1Lib1Ref WUGN Kaduna, 2026|1Lib1Ref WUGN Kaduna, 2026]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2026/We create the first master class on access to knowledge and open technology in collaboration with National Autonomous University of Mexico, UNAM|We create the first master class on access to knowledge and open technology in collaboration with National Autonomous University of Mexico, UNAM]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 30 Juli 2026 19.48 (UTC)</div> </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:ZI Jony@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=30838310 --> == ''The Signpost'': 2 August 2026 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''</div> <div style="column-count:2;"> * In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-08-02/In the media|Union drive, most prolific editor make headlines]] * News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-08-02/News and notes|Foundation rejects voluntary recognition of union, proposed board eligibility rules sharply restrict candidates]] * WikiConference: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-08-02/WikiConference|"Kurier, Signpost, wikipress: You can be a Wikimedia journalist" - Wikimania presentation by User:Noé Recap]] * In focus: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-08-02/In focus|Is Larry Sanger the co-founder of Wikipedia?]] * Arbitration report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-08-02/Arbitration report|Think, and not just about content]] * News from Diff: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-08-02/News from Diff|Meet the Wikimedians of the Year 2026!]] * On the bright side: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-08-02/On the bright side|The beautiful game]] * Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-08-02/Traffic report|Odyssey and Oyarzabal]] * Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-08-02/Comix|Well-spotted]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 2 Agustus 2026 10.18 (UTC) <!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --></div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:JPxG@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&oldid=30775662 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-32</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W32"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/32|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Tim Pengalaman Pembaca]] telah mengembangkan sebuah ''[https://82db7c8d4b.catalyst.wmcloud.org/w/index.php?title=Regent%27s_Park&uselang=de patch demo]'' yang mengatur agar bilah perkakas halaman ditampilkan dalam dua baris ketika ruang horizontal tidak mencukupi untuk menampung seluruh tombol. Perubahan ini bertujuan mengurangi kesan sesak pada bilah perkakas Vector 2022, yang dapat terjadi di beberapa Wikipedia dalam berbagai bahasa pada lebar layar tertentu. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T429518] * Tim Pengalaman Pembaca berencana meluncurkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Daftar Bacaan]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Mobile and apps/Have Apps reading lists available on Destop/Mobile|salah satu usulan dalam Daftar Harapan Komunitas]], sebagai fitur penuh pada bulan September. Saat ini, fitur tersebut sudah dapat dicoba melalui versi beta. Menjelang peluncurannya, dibutuhkan bantuan para penerjemah sukarelawan untuk menerjemahkan [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=ext-readinglists&filter=&action=translate pesan-pesan antarmuka] ke berbagai bahasa. Fitur ini dirancang untuk mendukung kegiatan membaca sekaligus membantu pengguna mencapai tujuan pembelajaran mereka di Wikipedia. * Mulai pekan depan, daftar isi pada halaman berkas di Wikimedia Commons akan disempurnakan dengan menggabungkan daftar isi khusus halaman berkas ke dalam daftar isi utama halaman. Perubahan ini akan memudahkan pengguna memahami struktur halaman berkas, berpindah ke bagian tertentu dengan lebih mudah, dan membagikan pranala yang langsung mengarah ke bagian yang diinginkan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332644] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:24}} {{PLURAL:24|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah yang menyebabkan sebagian gambar berformat [[w:TIFF|TIFF]] gagal dimuat setelah keluku (''thumbnail'') diklik, sehingga yang tampil hanyalah gambar rusak, bukan gambar berukuran penuh, kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T429326] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Pemilih variabel dan fungsi pada AbuseFilter kini telah diperbarui dengan dukungan pencarian dan pelengkapan otomatis (''autocomplete''). Pembaruan ini memungkinkan para pengelola penyaring menemukan variabel atau fungsi yang diinginkan dengan lebih cepat. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T323698] * Format video MJPEG dan VP8 telah dihapus dari pemutar video. Sebagai penggantinya, kini ditambahkan dukungan untuk format MP4 (MPEG-4 Part 2) yang mampu menyajikan video dengan kualitas lebih baik pada perangkat iPhone generasi lama. Proses pembaruan terhadap seluruh video yang sudah ada akan dilakukan secara bertahap dan diperkirakan memerlukan waktu beberapa pekan hingga semuanya selesai diperbarui. Sementara itu, format bawaan yang digunakan untuk perangkat modern tetap tidak berubah, yaitu VP9/WebM. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358266] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.15|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/32|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W32"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 3 Agustus 2026 19.45 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30872536 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-33</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W33"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/33|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Daftar keinginan]] Kini [[c:Special:ChartWizard/Data:Example.Pie.chart|tersedia ChartWizard baru di Wikimedia Commons]] bagi pengguna yang ingin membuat bagan dari data mereka sendiri. Fitur ini membuat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|ekstensi Chart]] lebih ramah bagi pemula karena memungkinkan penyunting membuat berbagai jenis bagan, seperti bagan batang dan bagan pai, tanpa perlu menulis kode JSON. Bagi pengguna yang lebih memilih cara tersebut, tersedia pula opsi untuk beralih ke penyunting JSON kapan saja. Masukan dan tanggapan mengenai perkakas baru ini sangat diharapkan melalui [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist/W414|halaman pembicaraan usulan terkait]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:19}} {{PLURAL:19|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Salah satu contohnya adalah perbaikan pada gawit Gambar Pilihan Hari Ini di aplikasi Wikipedia untuk iOS. Sebelumnya, gawit tersebut menampilkan gambar yang sama setiap hari alih-alih memperbaruinya secara harian. Masalah tersebut kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T430692] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Gambar SVG untuk [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Math|rumus matematika]] tidak lama lagi akan dihasilkan secara langsung di sisi peramban, bukan lagi di sisi peladen. Sementara itu, MathML akan tetap dibuat di peladen dan ditampilkan di peramban tanpa memerlukan JavaScript. Perubahan ini akan mulai diterapkan di Wikibooks pada 12 Agustus, di Wikisource pada 19 Agustus, dan di Wikipedia secara bertahap antara 20–27 Agustus. Anda dapat mencobanya lebih awal dengan memilih opsi "Penerapan MathJax di sisi klien" ("''Client side MathJax rendering''") di preferensi. Perubahan ini merupakan bagian dari [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/RESTBase/deprecation|penghentian penggunaan RESTBase]] dan [[phab:T431372|Mathoid]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T271001] * <span class="mw-translate-fuzzy">Halaman kategori akan segera mendukung pengurutan entri berdasarkan waktu saat halaman tersebut ditambahkan ke dalam kategori. Fitur ini akan mempermudah penyunting menemukan halaman yang baru saja dikategorikan maupun yang telah lama berada dalam kategori tersebut. Selain itu, alur kerja untuk kategori pemeliharaan, seperti daftar tunggu penghapusan dan berbagai tugas peninjauan yang bergantung pada urutan waktu, juga akan menjadi lebih efisien. Untuk menggunakan fitur ini, tambahkan argumen URL <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>cldsort=timestamp</nowiki></code></bdi> pada tampilan kategori agar daftar diurutkan berdasarkan stempel waktu penambahannya.</span> [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433768] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets|Gawai]] dan skrip pengguna di wiki Wikimedia kini dapat memanfaatkan [[phab:T395347|fitur-fitur ES2018]] dan [[phab:T419142|ES2019]] dalam kode JavaScript. Sebelumnya, platform ini hanya mendukung hingga ES2017. MediaWiki akan tetap memvalidasi kode sumber untuk melindungi fungsionalitas dari kesalahan sintaksis dan memastikan bahwa skrip tetap berjalan dengan baik di seluruh [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Compatibility#Browser_support_matrix|peramban yang didukung]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419142] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.16|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/33|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W33"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 10 Agustus 2026 20.44 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30901051 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': July 2026 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2026|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XVI, Issue VII, July 2026</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2026/Contents/From the team|From the team]]: July and Wikimania Have Come and Gone * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2026/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Strategic Workshops, Academic Publications, and Bidding Farewell to NeuroMat * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2026/Contents/Colombia report|Colombia report]]: Colombia at Wikimania 2026: panel on how the far-right affects open knowledge institutions * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2026/Contents/Egypt report|Egypt report]]: From Al-Ahram to Zamalek: Exploring Archives and Art Galleries * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2026/Contents/France report|France report]]: GLAM Presentations at Wikimania 2026 + Wiki Fashion Show * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2026/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Launch of Wikifying a Conference handbook; Wikipedia Workshop at Te Toi Uku * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2026/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: GLAM-Wiki partnerships continue opening collections * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2026/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: At Wikimania and copyright process * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2026/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Faces and Masks - the interwoven relation, Wikimania Paris * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2026/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Wikimania report + New articles in Hindi * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2026/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: GLAM USA Report (Past & Upcoming) * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2026/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: Updates on work by BHLWiki Working Group members * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2026/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: Academic paper in preparation * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2026/Contents/Wiki Knowledge Park report|Wiki Knowledge Park report]]: Preserving Islamic Cultural Heritage: The GLAM and Metadata Impact of Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2026/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: August's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2026/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 12 Agustus 2026 00.03 (UTC)</div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Romaine@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=30901934 --> 3msk5yfrefjjo4hz4z5dxg1ht7p603w 0 165189 1752576 1749063 2026-08-12T11:42:15Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1752576 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox book| | name = A Pale View of Hills | orig title = | translator = | image = | caption = | author = Kazuo Ishiguro | cover_artist = | country = Inggris | language = Inggris | series = | genre = [[Novel]] | publisher = Faber and Faber | release_date = Februari, 1982 | media_type = Cithak | pages = 192 pp | isbn = 0-571-11866-6 | isbn_note = (hardback first edition) | oclc= 8303689 | preceded_by = | followed_by = An Artist of the Floating World }} '''A Pale View of Hills''' ya iku novel karya Kazuo Ishiguro. Novel iki diterbitake tahun 1982 dening Faber and Faber. Buku iki nyritakake babagan randha Jepang lan narator paruh baya, Etsuko, sing saiki manggon ing [[Inggris]]. Dhèwèké ditekani dening putrine Niki sawise putrine sing nomer loro mati, Keiko. Dhèwèké ngelingake kekancan ringkes dhèwèké ing [[Nagasaki]] sawise perang minangka wong enom sing wis nikah, Sachiko, sing duwe anak jenenge Mariko.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Kazuo-Ishiguro|title=Kazuo Ishiguro {{!}} Biography, Books, & Facts|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2020-06-02}}</ref> == Tema Carita == === Sesambetan Ibu-anak === Etsuko nyalahake awake amarga anake wadon mati. Dhèwèké nyritakake lelakone ing Nagasaki lan hubungane Sachiko lan Mariko kanggo nyuda rasa salah lan tekan persetujuan karo jaman kepungkur.<ref name="grin.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.grin.com/document/71528|title=GRIN - The Aspect of Memory in Kazuo Ishiguro’s 'A Pale View of Hills'|website=www.grin.com|language=de|access-date=2020-07-05}}</ref> === Kulawarga === Ana akeh conto hubungan [[kulawarga]] sing sempit lan ora duwe fungsi ing [[Novèl|novel]], lan liwat sesambungan kasebut, novel nylidiki paradaban hubungan sing perlu nanging asring nantang. Salah sawijining conto penting dinamis iki yaiku antarane Sachiko lan Mariko. Sachiko asring negesake manawa tumindak dhèwèké disedhiyakake utamane dening pertimbangan babagan apa sing paling apik kanggo putriku, lan sanajan iku bisa uga bener, keputusan dhèwèké asring salah lan duweni pengaruh amarga kepinginan sing luwih egois. Contone, Sachiko ujar manawa dhèwèké kepengin lunga menyang [[Amérikah|Amerika]] karo Frank amarga urip kanggo Mariko, miturut pendapat Sachiko, bakal luwih apik ing Amerika. Nanging, Sachiko bola-bali nglalekake tanda-tanda sing jelas manawa Frank ora jujur ​​lan ora duwe tujuan nggawa dhèwèké menyang Amerika. Fiksasi Sachiko ing Frank lan Amerika bisa uga mentingake awake dhewe lan ngrusak.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://anglozine.com/the-analysis-of-memory-in-a-pale-view-of-hills/|title=The analysis of memory in "A Pale View of Hills"|last=language|first=MilicaAuthor Undergraduate student of English|last2=Literature|date=2014-05-22|website=Anglozine|language=en-US|access-date=2020-07-05|archive-date=2023-10-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231006210557/http://anglozine.com/the-analysis-of-memory-in-a-pale-view-of-hills/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Aleran == Niki bali menyang omah supaya nyengkuyung marang ibune sawise kasus bunuh dirine Keiko. Etsuko isih ngrasa ditinggalake sawise bojone mati, banjur anak wadone sing nomer loro uga mati ninggalake dhèwèké. Omah sing wiyar katon banget saiki. Dhèwèké bali menyang kenangan lawas sing ora nyenengake.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/21561983|title=A pale view of hills|last=Ishiguro, Kazuo, 1954-|date=1990|publisher=Vintage Books|isbn=0-679-72267-X|edition=1st Vintage international ed|location=New York|oclc=21561983}}</ref> Perkawinan sepisanan dhèwèké ora bisa diterangake minangka rasa seneng. Nanging, iku ora bencana lengkap. Sanajan Jiro ora nggatekake lan ora peduli, dhèwèké duwe wektu sing apik. Sawijining apartemen cilik lan bocah sing bakal lair mbantu dhèwèké mbalekake maneh saka medeni perang lan mulai urip ing tentrem kasebut.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.faber.co.uk/9780571258253-a-pale-view-of-hills.html|title=A Pale View of Hills|website=Public Store View|language=en|access-date=2020-07-05}}</ref> Sawetara taun sabanjure, Etsuko tresna karo wong lanang saka Inggris. Dhèwèké mbuktekake duwe wani cukup kanggo ninggalake tanah air lan masa kepungkur, diwiwiti kabèh maneh. Nalika nglairake anak wadon sing nomer loro, dhèwèké mbujuk garwane supaya ora diwenehi jeneng Jepang. Niki kayane seneng loro mau.<ref name=":0" /> Urip Keiko ora kepenak banget. Sepi lan ora narik kawigatosan marang wong liya supaya dhèwèké ora bisa nemokake basa sing padha karo bapak tiri lan Nikki. Dhèwèké ditemokake ing apartemen sing disewakake ing Manchester dening tuan tanah. Visi sing digantung saka langit-langit asring nglawan Etsuko.<ref name=":0" /> Nalika Etsuko lan Niki lagi lungguh ing cafe, Etsuko ndeleng ana bocah wadon sing lagi dolanan. Nalika ndeleng dhèwèké, dhèwèké dikubur ing awake. Ing wektu kasebut, ing Jepang, kanca kancane Sachiko, dipandu karo wong Amerika sing jenenge Frank, pengin ngajak putri dhèwèké Mariko, meksa bocah kasebut tetep karo ide supaya manggon ing Amerika. Banjur Etsuko percaya manawa ana perkara sing kejam. Ing pungkasan crita, Etsuko ngerti yen dhèwèké ora mikir bebarengan, amarga dhèwèké nindakake perkara sing padha.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.supersummary.com/a-pale-view-of-hills/summary/|title=A Pale View of Hills Summary|website=SuperSummary|language=en-US|access-date=2020-07-05|archive-date=2020-07-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200705091536/https://www.supersummary.com/a-pale-view-of-hills/summary/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Sudut pandang == Narasi novel kasebut ditulis sajrone jaman kepungkur lan dadi wong pisanan saka perspektif Etsuko. Etsuko minangka protagonis lan narator novel. Nanging, ing pirang-pirang kasus, dhèwèké luwih pasif lan luwih akeh dadi pemantau [[Carita cekak|carita]] novel tinimbang dadi peserta aktif. Nanging, perspektif Etsuko dadi luwih migunani tinimbang ora mung nuduhake tumindak karakter liyane. Gesang Etsuko wis ditondoi kanthi akeh conto kerugian, transisi, trauma, lan ketidakpastian, sing kalebu karakter umume ing novel kasebut. Etsuko minangka perwakilan perjuangan karakter supaya adoh saka jaman kepungkur lan ngolah trauma sing ditinggalake saka tragedi kepungkur. Ing sisih liya, perspektif Etsuko pancen migunani kanggo menehi katrangan, lan kadhangkala menehi komentar babagan tumindak karakter liyane. Ing obrolan, Etsuko ora nuduhake asring.<ref name="grin.com"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://literariness.org/tag/a-pale-view-of-hills-novel-analysis/|title=A Pale View of Hills Novel Analysis|website=Literary Theory and Criticism|language=en-US|access-date=2020-07-05}}</ref> == Paraga == Etsuko Sheringham - Etsuko Sheringham minangka protagonis crita iki. Bojone nomer loro yaiku sing manggon ing [[Inggris]], mula dhèwèké setuju pindhah menyang [[Nagara|negara]] liya, percaya yen Inggris minangka papan sing luwih apik kanggo bocah-bocah wadon. Pembaca ketemu dhèwèké, nalika dhèwèké dadi wanita tengah-tengah kanthi mung siji putri. Sachiko - Sachiko minangka paraga protagonis lan kanca antagonis. Dhèwèké dadi ibu sing nggumunake, sing asring ora nggatekake kepentingan anake wadon lan uga bisa dadi kejam. Senadyan Sachiko tresna marang putrine, keputusan sing ditindakake dhèwèké ora nambah urip kanggo anake, uga ora ana kahanan emosional. Keiko - Keiko minangka putri tuwa saka protagonis. Ora kaya adhine sing enom, Keiko yaiku Jepang sing murni; Keiko lan adhine ora adoh. Banjur, Keiko nglalu. Niki - Niki minangka putri protagonis. Protagonis nggambarake dhèwèké minangka bocah sing ditresnani, lan kanthi mangkono. Niki nyoba supaya dhèwèké bisa ngyakinake ibune yen dhèwèké "ora tanggung jawab karo sedane Keiko". Sachiko - Sachiko minangka paraga protagonis lan kanca antagonis. Dhèwèké dadi ibu sing nggumunake, sing asring ora nggatekake kepentingan anake wadon lan uga bisa dadi kejam. Senadyan Sachiko tresna marang putrine, keputusan sing ditindakake dhèwèké ora nambah urip kanggo anake, uga ora ana kahanan emosional. Mariko - Mariko minangka putri Sachiko. Ana persamaan sing padha antara nasib Mariko lan Keiko. Ibune pengin lan pungkasane njupuk - paling ora salah sawijining - anak-anake saka Jepang. Frank - Frank minangka prajurit Amerika sing melu hubungan katresnan karo Sachiko. Dhèwèké janji bakal nggawa dhèwèké menyang Amerika nanging tuku alkohol kanthi kabèh dhuwit sing disimpen Sachiko lan menehi MrsFujiwara - Ibu Fujiwara minangka pemilik toko mi lan kanca cedhak ibune Etsuko.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://web.cocc.edu/cagatucci/classes/hum210/coursepack/PaleView.htm|title=Introduction to A Pale View of Hills|website=web.cocc.edu|access-date=2020-07-05}}</ref> == Simbol == === Pambangunan Nagasaki === Mbangun infrastruktur Nagasaki nggambarake ketegangan antarane emosi sing terus-terusan lan kudu tetep optimis babagan masa depan. Nalika Etsuko lan Sachiko ndelok Nagasaki saka dhuwur ing ndhuwur gunung, dhèwèké menehi komentar babagan cepete [[kutha]] kasebut dibangun maneh ing taun-taun sawise bledosan bom atom. Dhèwèké uga ngobrol babagan kabutuhan njaga optimisme. Nanging, dinamika kasebut kontras karo penggambaran trauma novel kasebut.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Eckert|first=Ken|title=Evasion and the Unsaid in Kazuo Ishiguro&#39;s &lt;i&gt;A Pale View of Hills&lt;/i&gt;|url=https://www.academia.edu/4020033/Evasion_and_the_Unsaid_in_Kazuo_Ishiguros_A_Pale_View_of_Hills|journal=Partial Answers: Journal of Literature and the History of Ideas|language=en|volume=10|issue=1|pages=77–92|issn=1936-9247|access-date=2020-07-05|archive-date=2020-07-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200705091534/https://www.academia.edu/4020033/Evasion_and_the_Unsaid_in_Kazuo_Ishiguros_A_Pale_View_of_Hills|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Patine Bocah === Pati saka sawetara bocah ing Nagasaki ing sawetara taun sawise perang nglambangake sifat medeni lan trauma sing terus-terusan. Ing narasi kasebut, Etsuko mratelakake babagan kasunyatan manawa akeh bocah ditemokake mati ing Nagasaki ing taun-taun sawise perang, lan pembunuh ora nate dicekel. Pati iki mbebayani beda karo stoisisme sing dienggoni warga Nagasaki, nalika umume.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Awla|first=Yousif|last2=Hamad|first2=Azad|last3=Sharif|first3=Azad|date=2019-09-01|title=The Impact of Place on Personality in Kazuo Ishiguro's A Pale View of Hills: An Eco-critical Study|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/337947235_The_Impact_of_Place_on_Personality_in_Kazuo_Ishiguro's_A_Pale_View_of_Hills_An_Eco-critical_Study}}</ref> == Rujukan == <references /> [[Kategori:Novel]] 06qrllh3vgh271kt9fnewfch45yq8lh 0 172894 1752578 1664816 2026-08-12T11:56:22Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1752578 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox food|name=Ada|image=Ada (food).jpg|caption=Ada in [[Banana leaf]]|alternate_name=Ela Ada|country=India|region=Kerala|creator=|course=|type=|served=|main_ingredient=[[Rice flour]], [[sugar]] or [[jaggery]], grated [[coconut]]|variations=|calories=|other=}}'''Ada''' utawa '''Ela Ada''',<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2008/05/03/stories/2008050351980400.htm|title=‘Nadan’ food fiesta|date=2008-05-03|publisher=The Hindu|access-date=2020-11-08|archive-date=2008-05-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080506094602/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2008/05/03/stories/2008050351980400.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> minangka salah sawijining olahan tradisional panganan khas Kerala sing legi lan tradisional India, kalebu bungkus [[Pantun|beras sing]] dibungkus ing adonan sing digawe saka [[glepung beras]], kanthi isian manis, dikukus ing [[godhong gedhang]] lan dadi cemilan sore utawa minangka [[sarapan]] . Bisa dideleng uga ing bagean Tamil Nadu uga. [[Krambil|Kelapa]] parut lan [[Glepung beras|glepung beras minangka]] rong bahan utama. Yaiku cemilan sing digawe saka [[glepung beras]] mentah, [[gula]] utawa jaggery lan [[Krambil|klapa]] parut. Biasane disiapake ing Onam .<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://education.mathrubhumi.com/php/news_events_details.php?nid=5588&slinkid=|title=Jet celebrates Onam on flight|publisher=Mathrubhumi Newspaper|access-date=2020-11-08|archive-date=2012-02-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120220021610/http://education.mathrubhumi.com/php/news_events_details.php?nid=5588&slinkid=|url-status=dead}}</ref> ''Poovada'' disiapake ing pucuk godhong plantain nalika ''Nivesyam'' <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.india9.com/i9show/Naivedyam-58157.htm|title=Naivedyam in India|date=2005-06-07|publisher=India9.com|access-date=2012-07-24}}</ref> kanggo Onam, lumebu ing kana, kanthi isi [[Krambil|klapa]], ''taburan Thumbapoo'' (kembang putih Leucas aspera ),<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.keralaayurvedics.com/herbs-plants/flowers/thumba-leuca-indica-flowers-of-kerala.html|title=Thumba (Leuca Indica) -Flowers of Kerala &#124; All about ayurveda|date=2007-03-23|publisher=Keralaayurvedics.com|access-date=2012-07-24|archive-date=2021-10-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211023194040/http://www.keralaayurvedics.com/herbs-plants/flowers/thumba-leuca-indica-flowers-of-kerala.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>  nggawe luwih apik.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://healthynspicy.blogspot.com/2006/07/ada-traditional-breakfast-of-kerala.html|title=Healthy N Spicy...: Ada - Traditional Breakfast of kerala|date=2006-07-26|publisher=Healthynspicy.blogspot.com|access-date=2012-07-24}}</ref>  <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5D;</sup> Kadhangkala [[gedhang]] uga ditambahake ing filing yaiku isi klapa-jaggery-banana. ''Spada Ottada'' minangka sarapan unik kanthi maida lan [[Glepung beras|tepung beras]] minangka bahan utama. Bisa uga digawe tanpa maida, nanging nggunakake [[Glepung beras|tepung beras wae]] lan ora dikukus tinimbang dimasak ing Tava utawa geni.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.pachakam.com/recipe.asp?id=1833|title=Ottada Recipe : A tasty snack with rice flour and coconut|date=|publisher=Pachakam.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120220020651/http://www.pachakam.com/recipe.asp?id=1833|archive-date=2012-02-20|access-date=2012-07-24}}</ref> Kadhangkala isi ing njero yaiku ''Chakkavaratti'' (Jam Nangka).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://thithippu.blogspot.com/2007/05/chakkavarattijackfruit-jam.html|title=Dessert: Chakkavaratti(Jackfruit Jam) and Elai Adai|last=sh|date=2007-05-25|publisher=Thithippu.blogspot.com|access-date=2012-07-24}}</ref>  <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5D;</sup> Ada uga diwenehake minangka salah sawijining olahan ''Prasadam'' (Makanan Suci) kanggo para penganut ing kuil-kuil ing Kerala .<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.chrmglobal.com/Replies/30/1/Guruvayoor-Sri-Krishna-Temple.html|title=Guruvayoor ‘Sri Krishna’ Temple|date=|publisher=Chrmglobal.com|access-date=2012-07-24|archive-date=2021-10-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211023193212/http://www.chrmglobal.com/Replies/30/1/Guruvayoor-Sri-Krishna-Temple.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" data-ve-ignore="true" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''[[Wikipedia:Sumber pinercaya|<span title="The material near this tag may rely on an unreliable source. (April 2019)">sumber sing ora bisa dipercaya?</span>]]''</sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" data-ve-ignore="true" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''[[Wikipedia:Sumber pinercaya|<span title="The material near this tag may rely on an unreliable source. (April 2019)">sumber sing ora bisa dipercaya?</span>]]''</sup> == Referensi == {{Reflist}} [[Kategori:Olah-olahan Asia]] 9kuawivzmq67gzzsvzgo8v7o8y3zw5x 0 182488 1752565 1751621 2026-08-11T13:35:44Z Makenzis 33569 1752565 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kotak info klub bal-balan |clubname = FA Šiauliai |current = Mangsa 2026 FA Šiauliai |image = |fullname = Futbolo akademija Šiauliai |nickname = ''šiauliečiai'' |shortname = Šiauliai |founded = {{Start date and age|2007||}} |ground = [[Savivaldybės stadionas]], [[Šiauliai]], [[Litowen]] |capacity = 4.000 |chairman = {{flagicon|LTU}} Deivis Kančelskis |mgrtitle = Manajer|manager = {{flagicon|LTU}} |league = [[TOPLYGA]]<ref>[https://toplyga.lt/naujiena/naujasis-lietuvos-futbolo-cempionato-pavadinimas-toplyga/9300 Naujasis Lietuvos futbolo čempionato pavadinimas – TOPLYGA]</ref> |season = 2025 |position = A lyga, Ke-5 |website = http://www.siauliufa.lt/ siauliufa.lt | pattern_la1=|pattern_b1=_blackstripes|pattern_ra1=| leftarm1=000000|body1=FFFF00|rightarm1=000000|shorts1=000000|socks1=FFFF00| pattern_la2=|pattern_b2=|pattern_ra2=| leftarm2=FF0000|body2=FF0000|rightarm2=FF0000|shorts2=FF0000|socks2=000000| }} '''Futbolo akademija Šiauliai''' inggih punika sawijining klub [[ulah raga]] [[Litowen]]. == Performa di liga == {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;" |- !Musim !Tingkat !Liga !Tempat !@ |- |- | bgcolor="#FFFFFF" style="text-align:center;"| '''2010''' | bgcolor="#dbf3ff" style="text-align:center;"| '''4.''' | bgcolor="#dbf3ff" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[Trečia lyga]]''' ''(Šiauliai)'' | bgcolor="#f5f5f5" style="text-align:center;"| '''9.''' | |- ||||||| |- | bgcolor="#FFffFF" style="text-align:center;"| '''2016''' | bgcolor="#dbf3ff" style="text-align:center;"| '''4.''' | bgcolor="#dbf3ff" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[Trečia lyga]]''' ''(Šiauliai)'' | bgcolor="#F5f5f5" style="text-align:center;"| '''6.''' | |- | bgcolor="#FFFFFF" style="text-align:center;"| '''2017''' | 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''(FA Šiauliai)'']</ref> |- | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''2022''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''7.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2022.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''2023''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#DEB678" style="text-align:center;"| '''3.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2023.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''2024''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''7.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2024.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''2025''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''5.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2025.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''2026''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[TOPLYGA]]''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2026.html#alyga</ref> |- |} == Skuat == {{updated|22 juni 2026}} {{fs start}} {{fs player|no=61|nat=LTU|pos=GK|name=Gustas Baliutavičius}} {{fs player|no=[[File:1uparrow green.svg|17px]]|nat=LTU|pos=GK|name=[[Vilius Šivickas]]}} |----- ! colspan="9" bgcolor="#B0D3FB" align="left" | |----- bgcolor="#DFEDFD" {{fs player|no=4|name=[[Martynas Dapkus]]|nat=LTU|pos=DF}} {{fs player|no=17|name=[[Harun Hadžibeganović]]|nat=BIH|pos=DF}} {{fs player|no=21|name=[[Marko Mandić (footballer)|Marko Mandić]]|nat=SRB|pos=DF}} |----- ! colspan="9" bgcolor="#B0D3FB" align="left" | |----- bgcolor="#DFEDFD" {{fs player|no=11|name=[[Arvydas Novikovas]]|nat=LTU|pos=MF}} {{Fs player|no=13|nat=LTU|pos=MF|name=[[Daniel Romanovskij]]}} {{fs player|no=23|name=[[Bernando Neves de Jesus Gouveia da Silva|BENNY (Bernard Silva)]]|nat=POR|pos=MF}} |----- ! colspan="9" bgcolor="#B0D3FB" align="left" | |----- bgcolor="#DFEDFD" {{fs player|no= 7|name=Nedas Garbaliauskas|nat=LTU|pos=FW}} |----- ! colspan="9" bgcolor="#B0D3FB" align="left" | |----- bgcolor="#DFEDFD" {{fs end}} == Cathetan suku == {{Reflist}} == Pranala njaba == * [http://www.siauliufa.lt/ Situs jaringan resmi Šiaulių FA] * [https://toplyga.lt/komanda/fa-siauliai FA Šiauliai: toplyga.lt] * [https://www.facebook.com/siauliufa/ FA Šiauliai: facebook] * [https://www.soccerway.com/team/fa-siauliai/CMmWKuwf/ SOCCERWAY] * [https://globalsportsarchive.com/team/soccer/fa-siauliai/36613/ Globalsportsarchive] [[Kategori:Tim bal-balan Litowen|siauliai]] 39suf7ofa1i0to0290gxwnvkzexd7km 0 195389 1752564 1744142 2026-08-11T13:35:27Z Makenzis 33569 /* Skuat */ 1752564 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kotak info klub bal-balan |clubname = Transinvest |current = |image = |fullname = Futbolo klubas Transinvest |nickname = ''fūristai'' |shortname = Transinvest |founded = {{Start date and age|2022||}} |ground = FK Transinvest stadionas, Galinė, [[Litowen]] |capacity = 1.500 |chairman = {{flagicon|LTU}} Salvijus Barevičius |mgrtitle = Manajer|manager = {{flagicon|LTU}} Marius Stankevičius |league = [[TOPLYGA]]<ref>[https://toplyga.lt/naujiena/naujasis-lietuvos-futbolo-cempionato-pavadinimas-toplyga/9300 Naujasis Lietuvos futbolo čempionato pavadinimas – TOPLYGA]</ref> |season = 2025 |position = Pirma lyga, Ke-1 |website = https://fktransinvest.lt/ | pattern_la1= | pattern_b1=_utena1819a | pattern_ra1= | leftarm1=FFDD00 | body1=FFDD00 | rightarm1=FFDD00 | shorts1=FFDD00 | socks1=FFDD00 | pattern_la2 = | pattern_b2 = _xerez1819h | pattern_ra2 = | pattern_sh2 = | pattern_so2 = | leftarm2 = 0000FF | body2 = 0000FF | rightarm2 = 0000FF | shorts2 = 0000FF | socks2 = 0000FF }} '''Futbolo akademija Šiauliai''' inggih punika sawijining klub [[ulah raga]] [[Litowen]]. == Performa di liga == {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;" |- !Musim !Tingkat !Liga !Tempat !@ |- | bgcolor="#ffffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2022''' | bgcolor="#ffffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''3.''' | bgcolor="#ffffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[Antra lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#FFDD00" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2022.html#2lyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2023''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[Pirma lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#FFDD00" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2023.html#1lyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''2024''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#FFAAAA" style="text-align:center;"| '''10.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2024.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2025''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[Pirma lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#FFDD00" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' |<ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2025.html#1lyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''2026''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[TOPLYGA]]''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2026.html#alyga</ref> |- |} == Skuat == {{updated|23 January 2026}} {{Fs start}} {{Fs player | no= 55 | nat= LTU | pos=GK | name= Mantas Bertašius }} |----- ! colspan="9" bgcolor="#B0D3FB" align="left" | |----- bgcolor="#DFEDFD" {{Fs player|no= 5|nat=LTU|name=[[Ričardas Šveikauskas]]|pos=DF}} {{Fs player|no=22|nat=LTU|name=[[Deividas Volodkevič]]|pos=DF}} {{Fs player|no=55|nat=LTU|name=[[Erlandas Juška]] |pos=DF}} {{fs player|no=15|nat=GHA|name=Emmanuel Amankwaa Akurugu|pos=MF}} |----- ! colspan="9" bgcolor="#B0D3FB" align="left" | |----- bgcolor="#DFEDFD" {{Fs mid}} {{Fs player|no= 7|nat=LTU|name=[[Martynas Valukonis]]|pos=MF}} {{Fs player|no=14|nat=JPN|name=[[Yoichi Kawachi]] |pos=MF}} {{fs player|no=32|nat=UKR|name=[[Mykola Musolitin]] (Микола Мусолітін)|pos=MF}} {{fs player|no=88|nat=LTU|name=[[Domantas Šluta]]|pos=MF}} |----- ! colspan="9" bgcolor="#B0D3FB" align="left" | |----- bgcolor="#DFEDFD" {{Fs player|no=|nat=SRB|name=Stefan Miloševič|pos=FW}} |----- ! colspan="9" bgcolor="#B0D3FB" align="left" | |----- bgcolor="#DFEDFD" {{fs end}} == Cathetan suku == {{Reflist}} == Pranala njaba == * [https://fktransinvest.lt/ Situs jaringan resmi] * [https://globalsportsarchive.com/team/soccer/fk-transinvest/54611/ Globalsportsarchive] [[Kategori:Tim bal-balan Litowen|Transinvest]] b41v3gcm3osqckkho5qmt37x0alarom 0 200715 1752573 1752563 2026-08-12T07:19:17Z Meursault2004 3 + foto 1752573 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Jane Wyatt publ.jpg|thumb|Jane Wyatt ing taun 1930-an]] '''Jane Waddington Wyatt''' (12 Agustus 1910 – 20 Oktober 2006) iku sawijiné aktris Amérika Sarékat. Dhèwèké mbintangi sawatara film Hollywood, kaya ta [[Frank Capra]] ''[[Lost Horizon (film 1937)|Lost Horizon]]'', nanging luwih dikenal amarga perané minangka ibu rumah tangga lan ibu Margaret Anderson ing seri komedi televisi [[CBS]] lan [[NBC]] ''[[Father Knows Best]]'', lan minangka [[Amanda Grayson]], ibu manungsa saka [[Spock]] ing [[program televisi fiksi ilmiah]] ''[[Star Trek: The Original Series|Star Trek]]''. Wyatt wis menangaké [[Emmy Award]] kaping telu. [[Kategori:Lair 1910]] [[Kategori:Wong urip]] [[Kategori:Paraga Star Trek]] s36qfqbl23f9m5em8wzztlxbf2ofwir 0 200716 1752569 2026-08-12T02:47:37Z Auzif 50313 Created by translating the opening section from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1368078690|Squid Game]]" 1752569 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television|image=Squid Game 2021 vector logo english.svg|image_alt=English logo of Squid Game|native_name={{Infobox Korean television name|hangul=^오징어 게임}}|genre={{ubl | [[Utopian and dystopian fiction|Dystopian]] | [[Survival film|Survival]]<ref name="genre">{{cite web |url=https://www.dw.com/en/what-distinguishes-squid-game-from-other-survival-thrillers/a-59422159 |title='Squid Game': more than a traditional survival thriller |last=Lehnen |first=Christine |date=October 6, 2021 |website=[[Deutsche Welle]] |access-date=November 1, 2024 |archive-date=June 21, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240621022531/https://www.dw.com/en/what-distinguishes-squid-game-from-other-survival-thrillers/a-59422159 |url-status=live}}</ref> | [[Thriller (genre)#Television|Thriller]]<ref name="genre" /> | [[Korean drama|Drama]]<ref>{{cite web|last=Caruso|first=Skylar|date=October 1, 2021|title= 'Squid Game' : Everything You Need to Know About Netflix's New Korean Drama|url= https://people.com/tv/squid-game-everything-you-need-to-know/ |access-date=July 2, 2025|website=[[People (magazine)|People]]}}</ref> }}|creator=[[Hwang Dong-hyuk]]|writer=Hwang Dong-hyuk|director=Hwang Dong-hyuk|starring={{ubl | [[Lee Jung-jae]] | [[Lee Byung-hun]] | [[Wi Ha-joon]] }}|music=[[Jung Jae-il]]|country=South Korea|language=Korean|num_seasons=3|num_episodes=22|executive_producer={{ubl | Kim Ji-yeon<ref name="credits">{{cite episode |script-title=ko:무궁화 꽃이 피던 날 |trans-title=Red Light, Green Light |series=Squid Game |series-link=Squid Game season 1 |network=[[Netflix]] |date=September 17, 2021 |season=1 |number=1 |language=ko}}</ref> | Hwang Dong-hyuk<ref name="credits" /> }}|producer={{ubl | Han Heung-seok<ref name="credits" /> | Kim Ji-eun (season&nbsp;2)<ref name="credits2">{{cite episode |script-title=ko:빵과 복권 |trans-title=Bread and Lottery |series=Squid Game |series-link=Squid Game season 2 |network=[[Netflix]] |date=December 26, 2024 |season=2 |number=1 |language=ko}}</ref> }}|cinematography={{ubl | Lee Hyung-deok (season&nbsp;1)<ref name="credits" /> | Kim Ji-yong (season&nbsp;2)<ref name="credits2" /> }}|editor=[[Nam Na-yeong]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Catching up with Emmy-nominated "Squid Game" Editor Nam Na-young|url=https://www.filmmakeru.com/blog/squid-game-editor-Nam-Na-Young|website=Filmmaker U|date=August 19, 2022|access-date=August 26, 2022|archive-date=August 26, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220826163238/https://www.filmmakeru.com/blog/squid-game-editor-Nam-Na-Young|url-status=live}}</ref>|camera=[[Multi-camera]]|runtime=33–76 minutes|company=Siren Pictures Inc.<ref>{{cite web|last=Lee|first=Julie|date=August 10, 2021|title=Squid Game invites you to deadly childhood games on September 17|url=https://about.netflix.com/en/news/squid-game-invites-you-to-deadly-childhood-games-on-september-17|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210811094811/https://about.netflix.com/en/news/squid-game-invites-you-to-deadly-childhood-games-on-september-17|archive-date=August 11, 2021|access-date=August 12, 2021|website=Netflix Media Center}}</ref>|budget={{ubl | {{USD|21.4&nbsp;million}} (season{{nbsp}}1) | {{KRW|100&nbsp;billion}} ({{USD|68.9&nbsp;million}}) (seasons&nbsp;2–3)<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ha |first=Soo-jung |date=January 6, 2024 |title= |script-title=ko: 주연 이정재 14억→조연 탑·이서환 3억..'오겜2' 출연료 진실 [Oh!쎈 이슈] |trans-title=Lead actor Lee Jung-jae 1.4 billion → Supporting actors Top and Lee Seo-hwan 300 million.. The truth about the appearance fee for 'Ogame 2' [Oh! Strong Issue] |url=https://m.entertain.naver.com/now/article/109/0005222392 |access-date=January 6, 2024 |website=[[Osen (newspaper)|OSEN]] |language=ko |via=[[Naver]] |archive-date=January 6, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250106083814/https://m.entertain.naver.com/now/article/109/0005222392 |url-status=live }}</ref> }}|network=[[Netflix]]|first_aired={{Start date|2021|9|17}}|last_aired={{End date|2025|6|27}}|related=''[[Squid Game: The Challenge]]''}} <references /> '''Squid Game''' ([[Hangeul|Hangul]]: 오징어 게임; [[Alihaksara Koréa Kang Sinampurna|Latin]]: ''Ojingeo geim'') yaiku serial [[Sandiwara Koréa|sandiwara]] tivi [[griming]] (''thriller'') [[kumeger]] (''survival'') [[brasthapada]] (''distopia'') sing dicipta, ditulis, lan disutradharani dening [[Hwang Dong-hyuk]] kanggo [[Netflix]]. Serial iki nampilaké tetandhingan winadi saka 456 juru main sing uripé wis poprok, totohan nyawa melu werna-werna dolanan bocah. Sapa-sapa sing kalah ukumané pati, lan sapa-sapa sing menang bisa nampa pituwas cacahé ₩45.6 milyar (US$39.86 yuta). Irah-irahan serial iki, squid, kajupuk saka ''[[Srotong (dolanan)|ojingeo]]'' (srotong) yaiku aran sawijiné dolanan bocah ing Koréa. [[Lee Jung-jae]], minangka [[pramupraga]] (''protagonis'') ing serial iki kanthi jeneng [[Seong Gi-hun]]. Dhèwèké minangka juru paraga utama bebarengan karo [[juru paraga pupulan]] liya. Hwang ngreka crita '''Squid Game''' miturut uripé dhéwé sing sara. Crita iki uga nyorahi [[kapitalisme]] lan [[Katimpangan kelas sosial ing Koréa Kidul.|timpangé kelas sosial ing Koréa Kidul.]]<ref name=":5">{{Cite news|url=https://variety.com/2021/global/asia/squid-game-director-hwang-dong-hyuk-korean-series-global-success-1235073355/|title='Squid Game' Director Hwang Dong-hyuk on Netflix's Hit Korean Series and Prospects for a Sequel (EXCLUSIVE)|last=Frater|first=Patrick|date=September 24, 2021|work=[[Variety.com]]|access-date=October 7, 2021|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211008/https://variety.com/2021/global/asia/squid-game-director-hwang-dong-hyuk-korean-series-global-success-1235073355/|archive-date=October 8, 2021}}</ref> <ref name="guardian hwang 20211026">{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2021/oct/26/squid-games-creator-rich-netflix-bonus-hwang-dong-hyuk|title=Squid Game's creator: 'I'm not that rich. It's not like Netflix paid me a bonus'|last=Jefferies|first=Stuart|date=October 26, 2021|website=[[The Guardian]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026052343/https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2021/oct/26/squid-games-creator-rich-netflix-bonus-hwang-dong-hyuk|archive-date=October 26, 2021|access-date=October 26, 2021}}</ref> Sanadyan crita iki ditulis ing 2009, Hwang ora nemokaké [[parusahan kirta]] kanggo mbandhani crita iki nganti Netflix kepencut wetara 2019 nalika Netflix kepengin ngakehaké katalog tongtonan mancanegarané. [[Squid Game mangsa 1|Mangsa kapisan]] '''Squid Game''' dibabar sadonya ing 17 September 2021. Serial iki nampa alembana lan kawigatèn mancanagara. Serial iki minangka [[Pratelan serial Netflix sing paling akèh ditongton|serial Netflix sing paling akèh ditongton]] lan wis nampa [[Pratelan bebungah lan nominasi tinampa dening Squid Game|maneka bebungah]]. Kaya enem [[Primetime Emmy Awards]] lan [[Golden Globe]]. [[Squid Game mangsa 2|Mangsa kapindo]] serial iki dibabar ing 26 Desember 2024, banjur [[Squid Game mangsa 3|mangsa katelu lan mangsa pungkasan]] dibabar ing 27 Juni 2025. Suting kanggo mangsa pungkasan langsung tumandang [[Kirta filem tumutugan|tumutugan]] (''back-to-back'') sarampungé suting mangsa katelu. Sanadyan dianggep ora saapik mangsa kapisan, rong mangsa iki umumé isih nampa biji apik, lan Squid Game wis dadi sawijiné tongtonan [[Unggulan (giyaran)|unggulan]] ing Netflix. 5nystomg7yc11mvvibiha48isxw8hni 0 200717 1752570 2026-08-12T05:37:36Z Auzif 50313 Created by translating the opening section from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1368614529|Avatar: The Last Airbender (2024 TV series)]]" 1752570 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Avatar: The Last Airbender''' yaiku serial tivi [[Filem laga|laga lembara]] (laga ''petualangan'') [[Filem kayal|kayal]] dening Albert Kim kanggo [[Netflix]]. Serial iki minangka adhaptasi [[lakon nyata]] (''live action'') saka [[Avatar: The Last Air Bender|serial animasi tivi]] ciptanan [[Michael Dante DiMartino]] lan [[Bryan Konietzko]] kanggo [[Nickelodeon]]. Juru paragané ana [[Gordon Cormier]], [[Kiawentiio]], [[Ian Ousley]], [[Dallas Liu]], [[Paul Sun-Hyung Lee]], [[Ken Leung]], [[Daniel Dae Kim]], [[Elizabeth Yu]], [[Momona Tamada]], lan [[Miyako Cech|Miyako]]. Crita ing serial iki kedaden ing donya sing kaperang dadi patang nagara miturut bebakal (''elemen'') [[Bebakal klasik|alam jaman biyèn]]. Ana Suku Banyu, Krajan Lemah, Nagara Geni, lan Panglembara Hawa. Wong-wong ing saben nagara sing bisa ngendhalèkaké siji utawa kabeh bebakal karan “pangendhali”. Lakon ing serial iki nyritakaké lembarané bocah lanang rolas taun, [[Avatar Aang|Aang]], pameger (''survivior'') pungkasan saka Panglembara Hawa sing diarep-arep dadi Avatar sabanjuré amarga mung bocah iki sing bisa nguwasani kabèh patang bebakal. Dibabar pisanan ing September 2028, DiMartino lam Konietzko mulané minangka kapala pangirta (''executive procuder'') uga [[Juru tatawara|juru tatawarané]] (''showrunner''). Nanging, dhèwèké kabeh banjur metu saka serial iki amarga séjé karep. Mangsa kapisan sutingé tumandang ing November 2021 nganti Juni 2022. Déné mangsa kapindo lan katelu sutingé [[tumutugan]] (''back-to-back'') saka September 2024 nganti November 2025. Mangsa kapisan '''Avatar: The Last Airbender''' tayang pradana (''premiere'') ing 22 Februari 2024. Ing Maret 2024, serial iki dianyari kanthi digarapé mangsa kapindho lan katelu. Mangsa katelu dirantam dadi mangsa pungkasan ing serial iki. Mangsa kapindho tayang pradana ing 25 Juni 2026. Serial iki nampa maneka werna biji. Ana sing mbiji apik babagan efek visual, adegan laga, lan skor musiké. Uga ana sing kurang trep tumrap panulisan naskah, umiliné crita (''pacing''), lan wetara aktingé. Nanging mangsa kapindho serial iki dianggep wis mundhak apik banget tinimbang gagrag [[The Last Airbender|adhaptasi filem taun 2010]] sing nampa akèh pangala-ala. gchojyid4rpxcj8r05u0lmpdmuvh7wc 1752571 1752570 2026-08-12T05:39:24Z Auzif 50313 /* */ 1752571 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Avatar: The Last Airbender''' yaiku serial tivi [[Filem laga|laga lembara]] (laga ''petualangan'') [[Filem kayal|kayal]] dening Albert Kim kanggo [[Netflix]]. Serial iki minangka adhaptasi [[lakon nyata]] (''live action'') saka [[Avatar: The Last Air Bender|serial animasi tivi]] ciptanan [[Michael Dante DiMartino]] lan [[Bryan Konietzko]] kanggo [[Nickelodeon]]. Juru paragané ana [[Gordon Cormier]], [[Kiawentiio]], [[Ian Ousley]], [[Dallas Liu]], [[Paul Sun-Hyung Lee]], [[Ken Leung]], [[Daniel Dae Kim]], [[Elizabeth Yu]], [[Momona Tamada]], lan [[Miyako Cech|Miyako]]. Crita ing serial iki kedaden ing donya sing kaperang dadi patang nagara miturut bebakal (''elemen'') [[Bebakal klasik|alam jaman biyèn]]. Ana Suku Banyu, Krajan Lemah, Nagara Geni, lan Panglembara Hawa. Wong-wong ing saben nagara sing bisa ngendhalèkaké siji utawa kabeh bebakal karan “pangendhali”. Lakon ing serial iki nyritakaké lembarané bocah lanang rolas taun, [[Avatar Aang|Aang]], pameger (''survivior'') pungkasan saka Panglembara Hawa sing diarep-arep dadi Avatar sabanjuré amarga mung bocah iki sing bisa nguwasani kabèh patang bebakal. Dibabar pisanan ing September 2028, DiMartino lam Konietzko mulané minangka kapala pangirta (''executive procuder'') uga [[Juru tatawara|juru tatawarané]] (''showrunner''). Nanging, dhèwèké kabeh banjur metu saka serial iki amarga séjé karep. Mangsa kapisan sutingé tumandang ing November 2021 nganti Juni 2022. Déné mangsa kapindo lan katelu sutingé [[tumutugan]] (''back-to-back'') saka September 2024 nganti November 2025. Mangsa kapisan '''Avatar: The Last Airbender''' tayang pradana (''premiere'') ing 22 Februari 2024. Ing Maret 2024, serial iki dianyari kanthi digarapé mangsa kapindho lan katelu. Mangsa katelu dirantam dadi mangsa pungkasan ing serial iki. Mangsa kapindho tayang pradana ing 25 Juni 2026. Serial iki nampa maneka werna biji. Ana sing mbiji apik babagan efek visual, adegan laga, lan skor musiké. Uga ana sing kurang trep tumrap panulisan naskah, umiliné crita (''pacing''), lan wetara aktingé. Nanging mangsa kapindho serial iki dianggep wis mundhak apik banget tinimbang gagrag [[The Last Airbender|adhaptasi filem taun 2010]] sing nampa akèh pangala-ala. bldp3itfy1wzempyqjczrjev1aym635 1752572 1752571 2026-08-12T05:42:55Z Auzif 50313 /* */ 1752572 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Avatar: The Last Airbender''' yaiku serial tivi [[Filem laga|laga lembara]] (laga ''petualangan'') [[Filem kayal|kayal]] dening Albert Kim kanggo [[Netflix]]. Serial iki minangka adhaptasi [[lakon nyata]] (''live action'') saka [[Avatar: The Last Air Bender|serial animasi tivi]] ciptanan [[Michael Dante DiMartino]] lan [[Bryan Konietzko]] kanggo [[Nickelodeon]]. Juru paragané ana [[Gordon Cormier]], [[Kiawentiio]], [[Ian Ousley]], [[Dallas Liu]], [[Paul Sun-Hyung Lee]], [[Ken Leung]], [[Daniel Dae Kim]], [[Elizabeth Yu]], [[Momona Tamada]], lan [[Miyako Cech|Miyako]]. Crita ing serial iki kedaden ing donya sing kaperang dadi patang nagara miturut bebakal (''elemen'') [[Bebakal klasik|alam jaman biyèn]]. Ana Suku Banyu, Krajan Lemah, Nagara Geni, lan Panglembara Hawa. Wong-wong ing saben nagara sing bisa ngendhalèkaké siji utawa kabeh bebakal karan “pangendhali”. Lakon ing serial iki nyritakaké lembarané bocah lanang rolas taun, [[Avatar Aang|Aang]], pameger (''survivior'') pungkasan saka Panglembara Hawa sing diarep-arep dadi Avatar sabanjuré amarga mung bocah iki sing bisa nguwasani kabèh patang bebakal. Diwara pisanan ing September 2018, DiMartino lam Konietzko mulané minangka kapala pangirta (''executive procuder'') uga [[Juru tatawara|juru tatawarané]] (''showrunner''). Nanging, dhèwèké kabeh banjur metu saka serial iki amarga séjé karep. Mangsa kapisan sutingé tumandang ing November 2021 nganti Juni 2022. Déné mangsa kapindo lan katelu sutingé [[tumutugan]] (''back-to-back'') saka September 2024 nganti November 2025. Mangsa kapisan '''Avatar: The Last Airbender''' tayang pradana (''premiere'') ing 22 Februari 2024. Ing Maret 2024, serial iki dianyari kanthi digarapé mangsa kapindho lan katelu. Mangsa katelu dirantam dadi mangsa pungkasan ing serial iki. Mangsa kapindho tayang pradana ing 25 Juni 2026. Serial iki nampa maneka werna biji. Ana sing mbiji apik babagan efek visual, adegan laga, lan skor musiké. Uga ana sing kurang trep tumrap panulisan naskah, umiliné crita (''pacing''), lan wetara aktingé. Nanging mangsa kapindho serial iki dianggep wis mundhak apik banget tinimbang gagrag [[The Last Airbender|adhaptasi filem taun 2010]] sing nampa akèh pangala-ala. 32hlg4kdtvwff9etxn9orrr6ml60e84 0 200718 1752575 2026-08-12T11:21:05Z Auzif 50313 Created by translating the opening section from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1369013536|Action film]]" 1752575 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Filem laga''', '''filem perang''', utawa '''filem aksi''', yaiku [[Lagak filem|lagak]] (''genre'') filem sing akèh nuduhaké lakon uber-uberan, gegelutan, bedhil-bedhilan, [[bledhugan]], lan [[bayadéya]] (''stunt'').Apa-apa sing agawé sawijiné filem bisa diarani filem laga isih dadi dedebatan dening para nimpuna kawit 1980-an. Sawetara nimpuna kaya [[David Bordwell]], ndarbè panemu yen filem laga luwih nggatèkaké tongtonan sing kebak adegan ‘wah’ tinimbang crita. Liyané, kaya Geoff King, ngandharaké yen filem laga nglarasaké tongtonan sing kebak adegan ‘wah’ iki murih cocog tumrap lumakuné crita. Filem laga akèh dicambor karo lagak-lagak liya, kaya [[filem dhagelan]], [[filem rekan èlmiyah]], lan [[filem wewedèn]]. Tetembungan “filem laga” utawa “filem laga lembara” (film laga petualangan) wis dianggo kawit 1910-an. Miturut teges kala samana, aran iki diguna kanggo filem sing wujud bebarengan karo jaman [[New Hollywood]] lan metuné [[antiwira]] ing filem Amérika ing 1960-an lan 1970-an sing kaprabawa [[Filem perang|filem-filem perang]], [[Filem kadurjanan|kadurjanan]], utawa [[filem koboi]]. Sawisé lagak-lagak iki, banjur metu apa sing diarani “periode klasik” ing 1980-an. Sawisé kuwi ana jaman pascaklasik yaiku nalika filem laga Amérika kaprabawa dening [[Filem-filem laga Hong Kong|filem-filem laga saka Hong Kong]], uga dening filem-filem sing wis akèh nganggo [[citra riptayasan komputer]] (CGI). Sawisé ana [[Serangan 11 Sèptèmber 2001|trajangan 11 Sèptèmber]], lagak iki bali menyang wujud mula-mulané kanthi metuné filem ''Kill Bill'' lan ''The Expandable''. Scott Higgins nulis ing ''[[Cinema Journal]]'' ing 2008 yen filem laga minangka salah sawijiné lagak filem mangsapadha (''kontemporer'') sing kaloka nanging uga sing paling akeh dicecampah, kandhané, “Jroning wacana ilen utama (''mainstream discourse''), lagak iki tansah dicecampah amarga luwih nggatèkaké tontonan sing ‘wah’ tinimbang nata crita kanthi apik.”{{Sfn|Higgins|2008}} Bordwell nyarujuki ing bukuné ''The Way Hollywood Tells It'', nulis yen lagak iki dianggep minangka “pralambang tumindak Hollywood paling ora pakra”. scgdcfykmntk19xe1xtpi4fwazn1scw