Wikipédia jvwiki https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Pendhapa MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.15 first-letter Médhia Mirunggan Parembugan Naraguna Parembugan Naraguna Wikipédia Parembugan Wikipédia Barkas Parembugan Barkas MédhiaWiki Parembugan MédhiaWiki Cithakan Parembugan Cithakan Pitulung Parembugan Pitulung Kategori Parembugan Kategori Gapura Parembugan Gapura TimedText TimedText talk Modhul Parembugan Modhul Acara Pembicaraan Acara 0 20300 1752656 1648346 2026-08-13T18:02:37Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1752656 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox_ProvinceIT | fullname = Provinsi Treviso| name = Treviso| region = [[Veneto]] | capital = [[Treviso]] | commune = 95 | area = 2,477 | population_as_of = (2001) | population = 796,171 | populationdensity = 321 | vehicle = TV | postal_code = 31100, 31010-31023, 31025-31040, 31043-31059 | telephone_prefix = 0421, 0422, 0423, 0438 | ISTAT = 026 | president = Leonardo Muraro | map = [[Gambar:Treviso posizione.png|150px|]]| coatofarms = | }} '''Province of Treviso''' (''Provincia di Treviso'') iku [[Provinsi Italia|provinsi]] ing ''regione'' [[Veneto]] ing [[Italia]]. Kutha krajané yaiku [[kutha]] [[Treviso]]. Jembar wewengkon provinsi iki yaiku 2,477&nbsp;km², lan populasiné 795,264 (2001). Ana 95 ''municipalities'' (kuthamadya) ing pravinsi iki.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.upinet.it/indicatore.asp?id_statistiche=6 |title=''Istat'' |access-date=2007-12-21 |archive-date=2007-08-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070807094512/http://www.upinet.it/indicatore.asp?id_statistiche=6 |url-status=dead }}</ref>. == Kuthamadya == (data 30 Juni 2005) {| class="wikitable" !''Municipality'' / Kuthamadya !Population |- |[[Treviso]] | align="right" |82,564 |- |[[Conegliano]] | align="right" |35,628 |- |[[Castelfranco Veneto]] | align="right" |32,878 |- |[[Montebelluna]] | align="right" |29,437 |- |[[Vittorio Veneto]] | align="right" |29,299 |- |[[Mogliano Veneto]] | align="right" |27,398 |- |[[Paese]] | align="right" |20,148 |- |[[Oderzo]] | align="right" |18,942 |- |[[Villorba]] | align="right" |17,593 |- |[[Preganziol]] | align="right" |15,997 |- |[[Vedelago]] | align="right" |15,126 |- |[[Roncade]] | align="right" |13,013 |- |[[San Biagio di Callalta]] | align="right" |12,098 |- |[[Pieve di Soligo]] | align="right" |11,609 |- |[[Casale sul Sile]] | align="right" |11,524 |- |[[Susegana]] | align="right" |11,422 |- |[[Ponzano Veneto]] | align="right" |11,039 |- |[[Valdobbiadene]] | align="right" |10,765 |- |[[Carbonera]] | align="right" |10,637 |- |[[Spresiano]] | align="right" |10,267 |- |[[Riese Pio X]] | align="right" |10,249 |- |[[Motta di Livenza]] | align="right" |10,194 |- |[[Casier]] | align="right" |10,068 |- |} </center> == Réferènsi == <Réferènsi/> == Pranala njaba == * [http://www.provincia.treviso.it Provincia di Treviso homepage (in Italian)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090919055250/http://www.provincia.treviso.it/ |date=2009-09-19 }} {{Veneto}} {{Provinsi Treviso|nocat=yes}} [[Kategori:Provinsi Italia|Treviso]] [[Kategori:Provinsi Treviso| ]] {{geo-stub}} rj5mj5ie21iyu3m5t0nxbb5z0ji02o5 0 20560 1752655 1140963 2026-08-13T17:58:13Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1752655 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:Kozan tarihyerlesim.jpg|right]] '''Propinsi Adana''' iku [[Propinsi ing Turki|propinsi]] kang jembar wewengkoné 14.030&nbsp;km², dumunung ing Region Mediterranean sisih kidul [[Turki]]. Propinsi kang wewatesan karo propinsi iki ya iku [[Propinsi Mersin|Mersin]] ing sisih kulon, [[Propinsi Hatay|Hatay]] ing sisih kidul-wétan, [[Propinsi Osmaniye|Osmaniye]] ing sisih wétan, [[Propinsi Kahramanmaraş|Kahramanmaraş]] ing sisih lor-wétan, [[Propinsi Kayseri|Kayseri]] ing sisih lor, lan [[Propinsi Niğde|Niğde]] ing sisih lor-kulon. Kutha krajané ya iku [[kutha]] Adana. == Distrik == Adana dipérang dadi 14 [[Distrik ing Turki|distrik]] (kutha krajan dicithak '''kandel'''): * '''[[Adana]]''' * [[Aladağ]] * [[Ceyhan]] * [[Feke]] * [[İmamoğlu]] * [[Karaisalı]] * [[Karataş]] * [[Kozan, Adana|Kozan]] * [[Pozantı]] * [[Saimbeyli]] * [[Seyhan]] * [[Tufanbeyli]] * [[Yumurtalik]] * [[Yüreğir]] {{clear}} === Museum === * [[Misis Mosaic Museum]] === Situs sajarah === * [[Yumurtalık Ruins]] - Yumurtalık * [[Anavarza Ruins]] - Kozan/Dilekkaya * [[Şar Ruins]] - Tufanbeyli/Şar * [[Mağarsus Ruins]] - Karataş == Festival == * [[İmamoğlu Peach Festival]] - İmamoğlu (June) * [[Kızıldağ Karakucak Wrestling Festival]] - Karaisalı * [[Cherry Festival]] - Saimbeyli (20-22 June) * Oryatal Festival == Pranala njaba == * [http://www.adana.gov.tr/?dil=en Adana Governorship] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230831232006/http://www.adana.gov.tr/?dil=en |date=2023-08-31 }} * [http://www.adana.bel.tr/?dil=en Adana Metropolitan Municipality] * [http://www.pbase.com/dosseman/adana Pictures of the capital of this province] {{Distrik ing Turki|provname=Adana|sortkey=Adana}} [[Kategori:Propinsi Turki]] {{geo-stub}} 1y6k0t213kdmyf8zqtpjml4zgrxi7i4 0 23777 1752665 1745492 2026-08-13T19:56:26Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1752665 wikitext text/x-wiki :''{{Béda saka|Serbia}}'' :''{{redirect|Srpska|désa tuwa ing [[Zeta]], [[Montenegro Lawas]]|Srpska, Montenegro}}'' {{Infobox dependency | conventional_long_name = Républik Srepska | common_name = Républik Srepska | native_name = Република Српска | settlement_type = [[Entities of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Federal entity]] | subdivision_type = [[Sovereign state]] | subdivision_name = {{flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina}} | image_flag = Flag of Republika Srpska.svg | image_seal = Amblem republike srpske.svg | symbol_type = Seal | seal_size = 85px | seal_type = Emblem | seal_link = Seal of Républik Srepska | national_motto = | anthem = <br>"[[Moja Republika|Моја Република]]" / "''Moja Republika''"<br />{{small|({{Lang-en|"My Republic"}})}}<br/>[[File:Moja_republika.ogg|center]] |anthem_link = | image_map = [[File:Republika Srpska in Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg|250px]] | map_caption = {{map caption |location_color=red}} | capital = [[Sarajevo]]<ref name="ohr.int">{{cite web |url=http://www.ohr.int/ohr-dept/legal/oth-legist/doc/rs-constitution.doc |title=Constitution of the Républik Srepska – official website of the Office of the High Representative |access-date=13 September 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081001162720/http://www.ohr.int/ohr-dept/legal/oth-legist/doc/rs-constitution.doc |archive-date=1 October 2008 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref><br />[[Banja Luka]] {{small|(''administrative centre'')}} | largest_city = [[Banja Luka]] | languages_type = [[Official language]]s<ref name=Constitution>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ustavnisud.org/upload/4_8_2009_48_ustav_srpski.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120212023932/http://www.ustavnisud.org/upload/4_8_2009_48_ustav_srpski.pdf |url-status=dead |title=Constitution of Républik Srepska |archive-date=12 February 2012}}</ref> | official_languages = [[Serbian language|Serbian]], [[Bosnian language|Bosnian]] and [[Croatian language|Croatian]] | ethnic_groups = {{vunblist|81.51% [[Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Serbs]]|13.99% [[Bosniaks]]|2.41% [[Croats of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Croats]]|1.25% other}} | ethnic_groups_year = 2013 census<ref name="auto">{{cite report|title=Census of Population, Households, and Dwellings in Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2013 |url=http://www.popis.gov.ba/popis2013/mapa/?lang=bos |date=June 2016 |place=Sarajevo |department=Agency for Statistics |publisher=Bosnia and Herzegovina |access-date=15 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403010058/http://www.popis2013.ba/ |archive-date=3 April 2019 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref> | government_type = [[Federated state]] | leader_title1 = [[List of Presidents of Républik Srepska|President]] | leader_name1 = [[Željka Cvijanović]] | leader_title2 = [[List of Prime Ministers of Républik Srepska|Prime Minister]] | leader_name2 = [[Radovan Višković]] | legislature = [[National Assembly (Républik Srepska)|National Assembly]] | sovereignty_type = <!--[[History of Républik Srepska|Formation]]--> | established_title = [[Républik Srepska (1992-95)|Proclaimed]] | established_date = 9 January 1992 | established_title2 = {{nowrap|Recognized as<br/>[[Political divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina|part of Bosnia<br/>and Herzegovina]]}} | established_date2 = 14 December 1995 | area_km2 = 25,053 | area_sq_mi = 9,597 | population_census = 1,218,107^d<ref name="bhas.ba">{{cite report |url=http://www.bhas.ba/obavjestenja/Preliminarni_rezultati_bos.pdf |title=Preliminary Results of the 2013 Census of Population, Households and Dwellings in Bosnia and Herzegovina|date=5 November 2013 |department=Agency for Statistics |publisher=Bosnia and Herzegovina |access-date=11 November 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113142953/http://www.bhas.ba/obavjestenja/Preliminarni_rezultati_bos.pdf |archive-date=13 November 2013 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref> | population_census_year = 2013 | population_density_km2 = 53 | population_density_sq_mi = 155 | population_density_rank = | GDP_PPP = | GDP_PPP_rank = | GDP_PPP_year = | GDP_PPP_per_capita = | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = | GDP_nominal = $6.5 billion<ref name="irbrs.net">{{cite web |url=https://www.irbrs.net/statistika/UporedniPrikaz.aspx?tab=3&lang=eng |title=Database of economic indicators of RS |website=www.irbrs.net}}</ref> | GDP_nominal_rank = | GDP_nominal_year = 2018 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $5,600 | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = | Gini_year = | Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini = <!--number only--> | Gini_ref = | Gini_rank = | HDI_year = 2018 | HDI_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI = 0.766 | HDI_ref = <ref>{{cite web |url=https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/shdi/BIH/?levels=1%2B4&interpolation=0&extrapolation=0&nearest_real=0&years=2018&colour_scales=national|title=Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab |website=hdi.globaldatalab.org |language=en |access-date=3 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180923120638/https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/ |archive-date=23 September 2018 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref> | HDI_rank = | currency = [[Bosnia and Herzegovina convertible mark|Convertible mark]]^e | currency_code = BAM | time_zone = [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset = +01:00 | time_zone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] | DST_note = | utc_offset_DST = +02:00 | drives_on = right | calling_code = +387 | iso3166code = BA-SRP |footnotes = ^a Although the northeastern [[Brčko District]] is formally held in [[Condominium (international law)|condominium]] by both entities, it is a ''de facto'' third entity, as it has all the same powers as the other two entities and is under the direct sovereignty of Bosnia and Herzegovina.<br>^b The [[Constitution of Républik Srepska]] avoids naming "Serbian, Bosnian, and Croatian", instead listing them as "the language of the Serb people, the language of the Bosniak people and the language of the Croat people" due to the ongoing debate over the separation of these languages.{{small|<ref>{{cite web |title=Decision on Constitutional Amendments in Républik Srepska |url=http://www.ohr.int/print/?content_id=7474 |publisher=Office of the High Representative |access-date=3 June 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118131924/http://www.ohr.int/print/?content_id=7474 |archive-date=18 January 2012 |df=dmy-all}}</ref>}}<br>^c Including refugees abroad<br>^d Excluding Républik Srepska's 48% of the [[Brčko District]]<br>^e [[Serbian Cyrillic alphabet|Cyrillic version]] }}<div style="float:right; clear:right; width:300px; margin-left: 1em;"> {| {{prettytable}} border="1" cellpadding="4" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 1em; background-color: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f9f9f9); color: inherit; border: 1px solid var(--border-color-base, #aaa); border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" width="270px" align="right" |+{{Native name|Република Српска}} '''Republik Sprka''' | colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#efefef;" | {| |[[Barkas:Flag of the Republika Srpska.svg|200x200px]] |[[Barkas:Seal of the Republika Srpska.svg|200x200px]] |- | | |} |- | colspan="2" align="center" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" |<small>''[[Sesanti]]: Ora ana''</small> |- | colspan="2" align="center" |[[Barkas:Locator_map_of_the_ROC_Taiwan.svg|150x150px|peta_Taiwan.png]] |- |'''[[Nagarabasa]]''' |Serbia, Bosnia, Kroasia |- |'''[[Kuthagara]]''' |[[Sarajevo]], [[Banja Luka]] |- |'''Kutha gedhé dhéwé''' |[[Banja Luka]] |- |'''[[Wewengkon]]''' &nbsp;-Total &nbsp;-% banyu |[[Pratélan nagara piturut jembar wewengkon|Urutan kaping 134]] 32.260 [[km²]] 10,34% |- |'''[[Padunung]]''' &nbsp;-Total ([[2003]]) &nbsp;-Kerapetan |[[Pratélan nagara piturut jumlah padunung|Urutan kaping 47]] 22.749.838 705/km² |- |'''Proklamasi''' &nbsp;-Proklamasi ing &nbsp;-Pangadegan |'''Bagian [[Bosnia-Herzegovina]]''' 9 Januari 1992 14 December 1995 |- |'''[[Lagu kabangsan]]''' | {| |{{Native name|sr|[[Boze Pravde]]}} |- |{{Native name|sr|[[Moja Respublika]]}} ( [[en:Moja Republika|en]] [[:en:Moja_Republika|en]]) |} |} </div>'''Républik Srepska''' ([[Basa Serbia]]: Република Српска, ''Républik Srepska'' ({{Audio|RépublikaSrpska.ogg|rungokna}}), uga Српска, ''Srpska''; [[Basa Bosnia]] lan [[Basa Kroasia]]: ''Républik Srepska''; [[Basa Inggris]]: ''Republic of Srpska'' utawa ''Républik Srepska'') iku siji saka loro [[Pamérangan pulitik Bosnia-Herzegovina|èntitas pulitik]] kang makili pamaréntah laladan tingkat ngisor ing [[Nagara]] [[Bosnia-Herzegovina]]; êntitas sijinè yaiku [[Federasi Bosnia Herzegovina]]. Kutha krajan Républik Srepska yaiku [[Banja Luka]]. Èntitas iki panggonan saka telung ètnik, yaiku: [[Serbia]], [[Bosniak]] lan [[Kroat]]. <!-- == Name == The word "Srpska" can be interpreted as an [[adjective]] ("Serb"), and, bearing in mind language rules for the creation of names of countries in [[Serbian language|Serbian]] and other [[Slavic languages]], also as a proper [[noun]]. The Serbian name for several countries is analogous: [[France]] - ''Républika Francuska'' (Република Француска), which is also the official French name for France (République Française); [[Croatia]] - ''Républika Hrvatska'' (Република Хрватска); [[Bulgaria]] - ''Républika Bugarska'' (Република Бугарска), and so on. However, in these cases there has long existed an appropriate [[Latin]]ized translation of the name to English. The government of Républik Srepska uses the term "Republic of Srpska" in [[English language|English]] translations of official documents. Républik Srepska is sometimes translated as "Serb Republic", although it should be mentioned that this is not universally accepted, as some believe it to be a mistranslation. Those who oppose such translation argue that the Républik Srepska per its constitution is an entity of three ethnic groups so the possessive adjective in this translation tends to violate rights of other two constituent ethnicities in the entity by describing the entity as belonging to only one ethnic group. The similar name convention is given to the other [[BiH]] entity, [[Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina]], also referred to as Muslim-Croat Federation which is implied to violate the rights of the Serbs in that entity. Both naming conventions largely stem from the nationalist animosities apparent in both entities following the 1990's [[Bosnian War]]. == Geography == === Boundary === The [[Inter-Entity Boundary Line]] (IEBL) that distinguishes Bosnia and Herzegovina's two entities essentially runs along the military front lines as they existed at the end of the [[Bosnian War]], with adjustments (most importantly in the western part of the country and around Sarajevo) made at the Dayton peace conference. The total length of the IEBL is approximately {{formatnum:1080}}&nbsp;km. The IEBL is an administrative demarcation and not controlled by the military or police and there is free movement across it. === Municipalities === {{main|Municipalities of Républik Srepska}} Under the Law on Territorial Organization and Local Self-Government adopted in 1994, Républik Srepska was divided into 80 municipalities. After the conclusion of the Dayton Peace Agreement, the law was amended in 1996 to reflect the changes to the country's borders and now provides for the division of Républik Srepska into 63 municipalities. --> === Kutha-kutha === Kutha-kutha kang gedhé ing Républik Srepska yaiku:{{Fact|date=July 2007}} * [[Banja Luka]] - {{formatnum:250000}} * [[Bijeljina]] - {{formatnum:140000}} * [[Prijedor]] - {{formatnum:112000}} * [[Doboj]] - {{formatnum:105000}} * [[East Sarajevo]] - {{formatnum:71000}} - {{formatnum:88000}} * [[Gradiška]] - {{formatnum:75000}} * [[Trebinje]] - {{formatnum:70000}} * [[Prnjavor]] - {{formatnum:45000}} * [[Mrkonjić Grad]] - {{formatnum:40000}} * [[Foča]] - {{formatnum:35000}} * [[Novi Grad]] - {{formatnum:30000}} * [[Bileća]] - {{formatnum:25000}} '''Cathetan''': kutha [[Brčko]] minangka péranganing [[Distrik Brčko]], dadi wewengkoné kaloro èntitas (Républik Srepska lan [[Federasi Bosnia Herzegovina]]). <!-- == History == {{main|History of Républik Srepska}} Républik Srepska has been inhabited at least since Neolithic times. in the late Bronze Age, the Neolithic population was replaced by more warlike Indo-European tribes known as the Illyres or Illyrians. Celtic migrations in the 4th and 3rd century BCE displaced many Illyrian tribes from their former lands, but some Celtic and Illyrian tribes mixed. Conflict between the Illyrians and Romans started in 229 BCE, but Rome wouldn't complete its annexation of the region until 9 CE. In the Roman period, Latin-speaking settlers from all over the Roman empire settled among the Illyrians and Roman soldiers were encouraged to retire in the region. Christianity had already arrived in the region by the end of the 1st century, and numerous artifacts and objects from the time testify to this. Following events from the years 337 and 395 when the Empire split, Dalmatia and Pannonia were included in the Western Roman Empire. The region was conquered by the Ostrogoths in 455, and further exchanged hands between the Alans and Huns in the years to follow. By the 6th century, Emperor Justinian had re-conquered the area for the Byzantine Empire. The Slavs, a migratory people from northeastern Europe, were subjugated by the Eurasian Avars in the 6th century, and together they invaded the Eastern Roman Empire in the 6th and 7th centuries, settling in what is now Républik Srepska and the surrounding lands. More South Slavs, mostly Serbs, came in a second wave, and according to some scholars were invited by Emperor Heraclius to drive the Avars from Dalmatia. Upon their arrival, the Slavs brought with them a tribal social structure, which probably fell apart and gave way to feudalism only with Frankish penetration into the region in the late 9th century. It was also around this time that the south Slavs were Christianized. The region of Républik Srepska had been part of the kingdoms of Serbia and Croatia, whose borders were often fluctuant. However, by the high middle ages the Bosnian nobles began to become increasingly independent, ruling over an area of which gradulaly increased in size. This occurred due to external political circumstances. Croatia had been acquired by the Hungarian Kingdom, and the Serbian state to the southeast was in a period of stagnation. Control over Bosnia subsequently was contested between the Kingdom of Hungary and the Byzantine empire. History of the region from then until the early 14th century was marked by the power struggle between the Šubić and Kotromanić families. This conflict came to an end in 1322, when Stjepan II Kotromanić became ban. By the time of his death in 1353, he had succeeded in annexing territories to the north and west, as well as Zahumlje and parts of Dalmatia. He was succeeded by his nephew Tvrtko who, following a prolonged struggle with nobility and inter-family strife, gained full control of the country in 1367. Under Tvrtko, Bosnia grew in both size and power, finally becoming an independent kingdom in 1377. The title of King Tvrtko was "King of Serbis, Bosnia and the Seacoast". Following his death in 1391 however, Bosnia fell into a long period of decline. The Ottoman Empire had already started its conquest of Europe and posed a major threat to the Balkans throughout the first half of the 15th century. Finally, after decades of political and social instability, Bosnia officially fell in 1463. Herzegovina would follow in 1482, with a Hungarian-backed reinstated "Bosnian Kingdom" being the last to succumb in 1527. Throughout the mid-19th century, Herzegovina was a target of expansion of the young Montenegrin state in the name of the liberation of the Serbian people from Ottoman rule. Herzegovinian Serbs and Croats actively participated in the Montenegrin efforts to liberate them and to that end, they frequently rose in rebellion against the Ottoman rule. These efforts culminated in 1875 and 1876, during the Nevesinjska puška uprising. Montenegro did succeed in liberating and annexing large parts of Herzegovina before the Berlin Congress of 1878, including the Niksic area. In 1878, territory of present Républik Srepska, was occupied by Austria-Hungary, only nominally remaining under Ottoman rule. This caused great resentment among its populace which resisted the invaders in small flare-ups of rebellious activity that ended in 1882. The Serbian population of Herzegovina and Bosnia had hoped that the province would be divided and annexed to Serbia and Montenegro. The occupation caused a temporary rift in the Serbo-Austrian relations and threatened to grow into an open conflict. Although successful economically, Austro-Hungarian policy - which focused on advocating the ideal of a pluralist and multi-confessional Bosnian nation (largely favored by the Muslims) - failed to curb the rising tides of nationalism. The concept of Croat and Serb nationhood had already spread to Bosnia and Herzegovina's Catholics and Orthodox communities from neighboring Croatia and Serbia in the mid 19th century, and was too well-entrenched to allow for the wide-spread acceptance of a parallel idea of Bosnian nationhood. By the latter half of the 1910s, nationalism was an integral factor of Bosnian politics, with national political parties corresponding to the three groups dominating elections. The idea of a unified South Slavic state (typically expected to be spear-headed by independent Serbia) became a popular political ideology in the region at this time, including in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Austro-Hungarian government's decision to formally annex Bosnia-Herzegovina in 1908 (i.e. Bosnian Crisis) added to a sense of urgency among these nationalists. The political tensions caused by all this culminated on June 28, 1914, when Serb nationalist youth Gavrilo Princip assassinated the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, in Sarajevo; an event that proved to be the spark that set off World War I. During the war Austrian authorities commit numerous severe crimes against Serbian civilian population. Following World War I, territory of present Républik Srepska was incorporated into the South Slav kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (soon renamed Yugoslavia). Once the kingdom of Yugoslavia was conquered by Nazi forces in World War II, all of Bosnia was ceded to the Nazi-puppet state of Croatia. The Nazi rule over Bosnia led to widespread persecution. The Jewish population was nearly exterminated. Many Serbs in the area took up arms and joined the Chetniks; a Serb nationalist and royalist resistance movement that both conducted guerrilla warfare against the Nazis. Starting in 1941, Yugoslav communists under the leadership of Josip Broz Tito organized their own multi-ethnic resistance group, the partisans, who fought against both Axis and Chetnik forces. Ante Pavelić the Ustaša subjected ethnic Serbs, together with much smaller minorities of Jews and Roma, to a campaign of genocidal persecution. Estimates for the number of Serbs killed in WW2 vary between 500,000 and 1.2 million. Of that number Ustaše, according to United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, killed 330,000–390,000 ethnic Serbs in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia. Senior German officers and diplomats in the region cited figures up to twice as high. For instance Hitler's high plenipotentiary in SE Europe, Hermann Neubacher, later wrote: "When leading Ustaše state that one million Orthodox Serbs (including babies, children, women and old men) were slaughtered, this in my opinion is a boasting exaggeration. On the basis of reports I received, I estimated that threequarters of a million defenceless people were slaughtered." Military success eventually prompted the Allies to support the Partisans, and the end of the war resulted in the establishment of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, with the constitution of 1946 officially making Bosnia and Herzegovina one of six constituent republics in the new state. Because of its central geographic position within the Yugoslavian federation, post-war Bosnia was strategically selected as a base for the development of the military defense industry. This contributed to a large concentration of arms and military personnel in Bosnia; a significant factor in the war that followed the break-up of Yugoslavia in the 1990s. However, Bosnia's existence within Yugoslavia, for the large part, was peaceful and prosperous. Being one of the poorer republics in the early 1950s it quickly recovered economically, taking advantage of its extensive natural resources to stimulate industrial development. The Yugoslavian communist doctrine of "brotherhood and unity" particularly suited Bosnia's diverse and multi-ethnic society that, because of such an imposed system of tolerance, thrived culturally and socially. ===Creation of the Républik Srepska=== [[Image:Visegradski-most8.jpg|thumb|right|250px|The bridge on Drina river at Višegrad, famous from the book of Nobel prize winner [[Ivo Andrić]].]] During the political crisis that followed the secession of [[Slovenia]] and [[Croatia]] from the former [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia]] on [[June 25]] [[1991]], a separate [[National Assembly of Républik Srepska|Bosnian Serb Assembly]] was founded on [[October 24]] [[1991]], as the representative body of Serbs in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Most [[Bosnian Serbs]] opposed any suggestion that Bosnia should also leave Yugoslavia. At this point, Serbs constituted about 31.4% of the population of Bosnia, with Croats (17.3%), Bosniaks (43.7%) and Yugoslavs (5.5%) making up the rest of the population. The leading Serb political party in Bosnia and Herzegovina, the [[Serb Democratic Party]], led by [[Radovan Karadžić]], organized the creation of "Serb autonomous provinces" (SAOs) within Bosnia and the establishment of an assembly to represent them. In November 1991, the Bosnian Serbs held a referendum which resulted in an overwhelming vote in favour of staying in a common state with [[Serbia]] and [[Montenegro]]. On [[January 9]], [[1992]], the Bosnian Serb Assembly proclaimed the Republic of the Serb people of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Република српског народа Босне и Херцеговине / ''Républika srpskog naroda Bosne i Hercegovine''). On [[February 28]] [[1992]], the constitution of the Serb Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina was adopted and declared that the state's territory included Serb autonomous regions, municipalities, and other Serbian ethnic entities in [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]], and it was declared to be a part of the federal Yugoslav state. The referendum and creation of SARs were proclaimed [[unconstitutional]] by the government of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and declared illegal and invalid. However, from [[February 29]] to [[March 2]] [[1992]] the government held a referendum on Bosnian independence from Yugoslavia. That referendum was in turn declared contrary to the BiH and Federal constitution by the Yugoslav Federal Constitutional court and rebel Bosnian Serb authorities; it was largely boycotted by the Bosnian Serbs. The turnout was somewhere between 64-67% and 98% of the voters voted for independence. It was unclear what the two-thirds majority requirement actually meant and whether it was satisfied.{{Fact|date=January 2007}} Almost all Bosnian Serbs boycotted the vote on the grounds that it was unconstitutional because the referendum bypassed the veto power of the representatives of the Serb people in the Bosnian parliament. An independent Bosnia was proclaimed in March, by which time the country had already plunged into ethnic conflict, caused by the secession. The resistance to the secession of Bosnia-Herzegovina was assisted by the Yugoslav National Army (JNA) and paramilitary forces from Serbia.<ref>{{cite web |author=CCPR Human Rights Committee |title=Bosnia and Herzegovina Report |work=[[United Nations]]|date=[[30 October]] [[1992]] |url=http://www.unhchr.ch/tbs/doc.nsf/(Symbol)/333378630589b6d680256674005bc280?Opendocument |accessdate=2007-04-19}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web |author=Gutman, Roy|title=Rape Camps: Evidence Serb leaders in Bosnia OKd attacks |work-Newsday |date=1993-04-19 |url=http://www.haverford.edu/relg/sells/rape2.html}}</ref> On [[April 6]] [[1992]], the [[European Community]] formally recognised the independence of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Serb Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina declared its independence on [[April 7]] [[1992]]. On [[August 12]] [[1992]], the reference to [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] was dropped from the name, and it became simply ''Républik Srepska''. ===Républik Srepska and the Bosnian War=== [[Image:Bih 1991.jpg|thumb|rightt|Ethnic map based on the [[1991 population census in Bosnia and Herzegovina|1991 census]]. The different colors show absolute majority in every settlement: {{legend|blue|[[Serbs]]}} {{legend|green|[[Muslims by nationality|Bosniaks]]}} {{legend|red|[[Croats]]}} {{legend|yellow|no majority}}]] [[Image:Bih94.JPG|thumb|right|Front lines in Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1994. {{legend|red|[[Army of Républik Srepska|VRS]]-held territory (Serb)}} {{legend|blue|[[Croatian Defence Council|HVO]]-held territory (Croat)}} {{legend|green|[[Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina|ARBiH]]-held territory (predominantly Bosniak)}} {{legend|#00FF00|[[Western Bosnia|Autonomous Province of Western Bosnia]] forces (Bosniak)}}]] During the next three years, Républik Srepska was one of the three warring sides in the [[Bosnian War]], the others being the pre-dominantly Bosniak (Bosnian Muslim) internationally-recognised Government of BiH and the Bosnian Croat statelet of [[Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia|Herzeg-Bosna]]. At the start of the war, the RS was in a much stronger military position compared to the other two sides. Its army, the VRS ([[Army of Républik Srepska]]), was created from Bosnian Serb members of the [[Yugoslav People's Army]] (JNA) and was heavily armed and equipped from JNA stockpiles in Bosnia and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.<ref>{{Cite web| title=The Plan to Create a New Serbian State |url=http://www.un.org/icty/oric/trialc/judgement/ori-jud060630e.pdf |date=1006-06-30 |author=[[ICTY]] |work=United Nations |accessdate=2007-04-19}}</ref> In addition, the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia provided extensive humanitarian, logistical and financial support for the Républik Srepska and its military with the ultimate goal of annexing the territory controlled by the VRS and making it a part of Serbia. <ref>{{cite web |author=ICTY |title=Outbreak of Armed Conflict in Bosnia and Herzegovina (page 33) |url=http://www.un.org/icty/oric/trialc/judgement/ori-jud060630e.pdf |work=United Nations |accessdate=2007-04-19 |date=1006-06-30}}</ref> By 1994, the [[United Nations]] estimated that more than half a million non-Serbs had been driven out from the territory controlled by Républik Srepska{{Fact|date=January 2007}} and by the spring of 1996, a [[United Nations]] census indicated that Serbs constituted 96.8% of the population of the republic. However, the republic's actions produced worldwide condemnation, the establishment of the [[International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia]] in 1993 and the eventual indictment of the Républik Srepska military and civilian leadership for [[war crimes]] on the non-Serb population,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hrw.org/reports/1994/bosnia2/ |author=[[Human Rights Watch]] |accessdate=2007-04-19 |date=June 1994 |title=War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina: U.N. Cease-Fire Won't Help Banja Luka (Introduction)}}</ref> killing, torturing and raping at detention camps,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.un.org/icty/indictment/english/tad-2ai951214e.htm |author=ICTY |work=United Nations |title=Case No. IT-94-1-I (First Amendment to the Indictment)}}</ref> and the [[Siege of Sarajevo|siege]] of [[Sarajevo]]). In 1995, Républik Srepska came close to collapse in the face of military offensives by the Croat/Bosniak (Bosnian Muslim) forces and a concerted two-week campaign of [[NATO]] air strikes. Bosnian territory under RS control was reduced by one third and it later acceded to the [[Dayton Peace Agreement]], accepted on its behalf by President Milošević (Bosnian Serb leaders were not able to attend the talks as arrest warrants against them had been issued by the ICTY). Under this accord, RS was recognized as one of two entities that would constitute a newly configured state of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The total area of Républik Srepska is 49% of Bosnia's territory, with the Bosniak/Croat Federation constituting the other 51%. The legal existence of Républik Srepska was postulated by the Agreed Basic Principles issued on [[September 8]] [[1995]], and the Further Agreed Basic Principles issued on [[September 26]] 1995, and was confirmed by the [[Dayton Peace Agreement]]. According to this peace agreement, the Républik Srepska was recognized as one of the two entities that compose the state of Bosnia and Herzegovina. === The post-war Républik Srepska === Since the war, Républik Srepska has undergone many changes. Several of its wartime leaders were arrested or went into hiding following [[war crime]]s indictments, although in practice [[Radovan Karadžić]] continued to exert a degree of influence for years after the war's end. Some of the non-Serbs expelled during the war have returned to their former homes in Républik Srepska; the non-Serb population has increased to about 10% of the total. However, as in many other former socialist countries, both of Bosnia's entities have experienced severe economic problems during the transition to a market economy. In addition, widespread [[Political corruption|corruption]] has seriously hampered Bosnia's recovery from the conflict. Some have alleged that corruption is hidden behind nationalism. <ref>{{cite web| title=Bosnia and Herzegovina: Challenges and opportunities |url=http://www.bridge-mag.com/magazine/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=84&Itemid=31 |work=The Bridge |author=Bechev, Dimitar |accessdate=2007-04-19}}</ref> The [[United Nations|UN]]-appointed [[High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina]] has greatly influenced the post-war development of Républik Srepska. Several of its wartime aspects of [[independence]], such as a separate [[Républik Srepska dinar|currency]], have been abolished. A number of senior Républik Srepska officials have been removed from their posts by the High Representative after being accused of corruption and blocking the process of reform and reconstruction. It is likely that the powers of the republic will be further reduced in future, along with those of its Muslim/Croat counterpart, as a more centralized Bosnian-Herzegovinian state is further re-established by the international community.{{Fact|date=January 2007}} However, since the position of the High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina is scheduled to be abolished in 2008 with his authority transferred to local politicians, the reform of the country would depend of the will of the politicians from both entities. Also, following Montenegro's decision to split from [[Serbia]] following a referendum in [[Montenegro]] and increasing dissatisfaction displayed by many Serbs in Républik Srepska, many of the citizens would like a referendum through which an independent Républik Srepska would be created, although the international community deems that entities do not have a right to hold a referendum. == Demographics == {{see also|Demographics of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Ethnic Groups of Bosnia and Herzegovina}} [[Image:DemoBIH2006.PNG|thumb|right|Map of largest ethnic group for Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2006 municipality data (estimates). {{legend|blue|Bosnian Serbs}} {{legend|red|Bosnian Croats}} {{legend|green|Bosniaks}}]] Républik Srepska comprises 49% of the land area of [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] and is home to about 34% of the population. All data dealing with population, including ethnic distributions, are subject to considerable error due to: #the lack of official post-war census figures. #the [[ethnic cleansing|forced removal]] and murder of members of minority ethnic groups ([[Croats]] and [[Muslims by nationality|Bosnian Muslims]]/[[Bosniaks]]) by the RS authorities during the war. #the huge refugee inflows of [[Serbs]] from the [[Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Federation of BiH]] and, to a lesser extent, the territory of the [[Républik Srepska Krajina]]. ===1991=== According to the [[1991 population census in Bosnia and Herzegovina|1991 census]] of BiH, the population of present-day territory of Républik Srepska numbered 1,619,165 inhabitants, including: <ref name="popinfo">{{Cite web|url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:RepublicSerbskaPopInfo.jpg |title=Républik Srepska Population Information |work=Wikipedia}}</ref> * [[Serbs]] = {{formatnum:880171}} (54.4%) * [[Muslims by nationality|Bosnian Muslims/Bosniaks]] = {{formatnum:466458}} (28.8%) * [[Croats]] = {{formatnum:150414}} (9.3%) * others = {{formatnum:122122}} (7.5%) ====Note==== In [[Yugoslavia]], unlike the preceding [[Austro-Hungarian Empire]], [[Bosniaks]] were not allowed to declare themselves as Bosniaks. As a compromise, the Constitution of Yugoslavia was amended in [[1968]] to list ''Muslims by nationality'' recognizing a nation, but not the Bosniak name. The Yugoslav "Muslim by nationality" policy was considered by Bosniaks to be neglecting and opposing their Bosnian identity because the term tried to describe Bosniaks as a religious group not an ethnic one. <ref name="Imamovic">Imamović, Mustafa (1996). Historija Bošnjaka. Sarajevo: BZK Preporod. ISBN 9958-815-00-1</ref> When Bosnia declared independence from Yugoslavia, most people who used to declare themselves as Muslims began to declare themselves as Bosniaks. The election law of Bosnia and Herzegovina as well as the Constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina, recognizes the results from 1991 population census as results referring to Bosniaks. ===1996=== In 1996, the population of Républik Srepska numbered 1,475,288 inhabitants, including: <ref name="popinfo">{{Cite web|url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:RepublicSerbskaPopInfo.jpg |title=Républik Srepska Population Information |work=Wikipedia}}</ref> * [[Serbs]] = {{formatnum:1427912}} (96.8%) * [[Bosniaks]] = {{formatnum:32344}} (2.2%) * [[Croats]] = {{formatnum:15028}} (1.0%) * others = {{formatnum:4}} (0.0) ===2007=== In 2007, the population of Repuklika Srpska numbered 1,512,108 inhabitants. including:<ref name="popinfo">{{Cite web|url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:RepublicSerbskaPopInfo.jpg |title=Républik Srepska Population Information |work=Wikipedia}}</ref> * [[Serbs]] = {{formatnum:1430128}} (95.9%) * [[Bosniaks]] = {{formatnum:48108}} (3.08%) * [[Croats]] = {{formatnum:33872}} (1.9%) * others = {{formatnum:6}} (0.0%) === Modern estimates === * [[1998]]: 1,428,798 * [[1999]]: 1,448,579 * [[2000]]: 1,469,182 * [[2001]]: 1,490,993 In late 2001 48% of the Brčko District belonging to RS was lost, as it be came a de facto separate entity. * [[2002]]: 1,455,446 * [[2003]]: 1,463,465 * [[2004]]: 1,471,529 * [[2005]]: 1,479,634 * [[2006]]: 1,487,785 --> <!-- ===2005=== In 2005, the population of Républik Srepska was estimated to stand at about {{formatnum:1411000}} people, including: * [[Serbs]] = {{formatnum:1247900}} (88.4%) * [[Bosniaks]] = {{formatnum:150390}} (10.7%) * [[Croats]] = {{formatnum:12710}} (0.9%) --> <!-- == Economy == {{seealso|Banja Luka Stock Exchange}} {{Cleanup-section|date=May 2007}} Républik Srepska uses the [[Bosnia and Herzegovina convertible mark|convertible mark]] currency of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Since a so-called "regulatory guillotine" it takes a few days to register a business in RS, in contrast to the [[Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina]], where it takes several months.<ref name="WSJ">{{cite web |work=The Wall Street Journal |url=http://online.wsj.com/article/SB117918783695002652.html?mod=googlenews_wsj |title= Bosnian Territory Opens Doors for Business |accessdate=2007-06-17}}</ref> === Foreign investment === An agreement on strategic partnership was concluded between the Iron Ore Mine Ljubija Prijedor and the [[United Kingdom|British]] company [[LNM]], a leading world steel producer. The [[Russia]]n company [[Yuzhuralzoloto]] also signed a strategic partnership with the [[Lead]] and [[Zinc]] Mine Sase Srebrenica. Recent foreign investments include privatisation of [[Telekom Srpske]], sold to the [[Serbia]]n [[Telekom Srbija]] for ([[Euro|€]]646mln, and the sale of the petroleum and oil industry, based in [[Brod]], [[Modriča]] and [[Banja Luka]], to [[Zarubezhneft]] of Russia, whose investment is expected to total [[United States dollar|US$]]970mln in the coming years.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nezavisne.com/vijesti.php?vijest=4941&meni=2 |date=2007-01-25 |work=Nezavisine novine |title=Investicija za preporod privrede BiH |accessdate=2007-04-19}}</ref> On [[May 16]] [[2007]] the [[Czech Republic|Czech]] [[Electrical power industry|power utility]] [[CEZ Group|ČEZ]] signed a [[Euro|€]]1.4 bln contract with the [[Elektroprivreda Républike Srpske]], to renovate the [[Gacko]] I power plant and build a second, Gacko II.<ref>{{cite web |work=Prague Daily Monitor |url=http://launch.praguemonitor.com/en/86/czech_business/6620/ |title=CEZ signs contract on energy project in Bosnia |accessdate=2007-06-17 |date=2007-05-17}}</ref> === External trade === In recent years exports (not including trade with the [[Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Federation of BiH]]) have grown significantly, and the level of import coverage has improved - from {{formatnum:1130518}}mln&nbsp;KM (€565mln) and 38.3% in 2005, to {{formatnum:1539229}}mln&nbsp;KM (€770mln) and 55.8% in [[2006]]. In the first two months of 2007 exports grew 19% year on year, and imports by 39%.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rzs.rs.ba/Saopstenja/TrgovinaSPOLJNA/decembar05.pdf |author=Républik Srepska Institute of Statistics |title=External Trade Statistics Release |date=December 2005 |accessdate=2007-04-19}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rzs.rs.ba/Saopstenja/TrgovinaSPOLJNA/SpoljnaTrgovinaDecembar06.pdf |author=Républik Srepska Institute of Statistics |title=External Trade Statistics Release |date=December 2006 |accessdate=2007-04-19}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rzs.rs.ba/Saopstenja/TrgovinaSPOLJNA/SpoljnaTrgovinaFebruar07.pdf |author=Républik Srepska Institute of Statistics |title=External Trade Statistics Release |date=February 2007 |accessdate=2007-04-19}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rzs.rs.ba/Saopstenja/TrgovinaSPOLJNA/februar06.pdf |author=Républik Srepska Institute of Statistics |title=External Trade Statistics Release |date=February 2006 |accessdate=2007-04-19}}</ref> === Taxation === Since 2001, Républik Srepska initiated significant reforms in the sector of the tax system, which lowered the tax burden to 28.6%, one of the lowest in the region. The 10% rate of capital gains tax and income tax are the lowest in Europe and highly stimulating for foreign investment, and there are no limits on the amount of earnings. Increasing the number of taxpayers and budgeted incomes, and creating a stable fiscal system, were necessary for further reforms in the fields of taxation and duties; this area is a priority goal of the RS authorities. [[Value added tax|VAT]] has been introduced in 2006. Income tax is 46% in the RS, compared to nearly 70% in the Federation, and the [[corporate tax]] rate is 10%, compared to 30% in the Federation. These tax advantages have led to some companies moving their business to RS from the other entity.<ref name="WSJ" /> === Salaries === The average gross salary in August 2004 was 660KM (around 340 EUR). From 1998-2003, the average monthly salary in Républik Srepska increased from 280 to 660KM, according to the Agency for Statistics of Bosnia and Hercegovina.{{vague|date=March 2008}}{{Fact|date=April 2007}} In January 2007, the average wage was 804[[Bosnia and Herzegovina convertible mark|KM]] ([[Euro|€]]400; [[Gross (economics)|gross]]) or 531[[Bosnia and Herzegovina convertible mark|KM]] ([[Euro|€]]265; [[Net pay|net]]).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rzs.rs.ba/Publikacije/MesecniStatPregled/MesecniPregledJanuar07.zip | |author=Républik Srepska Institute of Statistics |title=Monthly Statistical Review |date=January 2007 |accessdate=2007-04-19}}</ref> ==Government and politics== {{main|Politics of Républik Srepska}} [[Image:Milorad Dodik.jpg|thumb|left|[[Milorad Dodik]], Prime Minister of the Républik Srepska.]] Under its constitution, Républik Srepska has a president, parliament (the 83-member [[National Assembly of Républik Srepska]]), executive (with a prime minister and several ministries), supreme court and lower courts, customs service (under the state-level customs service), and postal service. It also has its own coat of arms, flag (the Slavic tricolour), and national anthem. The Constitutional Law on Coat of Arms and Anthem of the Républik Srepska was ruled not in conformance with the Constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina as it states that those symbols "represent statehood of the Républik Srepska" and are used "in accordance with moral norms of Serb people". According to the Constitutional Court's decision, the Law was to be corrected by September 2006. The national assembly of Républik Srepska formed a board which is going to make a proposal for the anthem and coat of arms of Républik Srepska. Its flagship airline, [[Air Srpska]], ceased operations in 2003. Although the constitution names [[Sarajevo]] as the capital of Républik Srepska, the northwestern city of [[Banja Luka]] is the headquarters of most of the institutions of government — including the parliament — and is therefore the ''de facto'' capital. After the war, Républik Srepska retained its army, but in August 2005, under considerable foreign pressure (acting primarily through the [[Office of the High Representative]]), the parliament consented to transfer control of [[Army of Républik Srepska]] to a state-level ministry and abolish the Republic's defense ministry and army by [[January 1]], [[2006]]. These reforms were required by [[NATO]] as a precondition of Bosnia and Herzegovina's admission to the [[Partnership for Peace]]. As of [[December 14]] [[2006]], Bosnia and Herzegovina is a part of the [[Partnership for Peace]]-project. Républik Srepska has its own [[RS Police|police force]], but in October 2005, again under pressure, the parliament consented to the creation over a five-year period of a single integrated police service at the state level, with local police areas that may cross the Inter-Entity Boundary Line if required based on technical considerations. These reforms were insisted upon by the [[European Union]] as a precondition for the negotiation of a [[Stabilization and Association Agreement]] with Bosnia and Herzegovina. The leading Bosnian Serb party, the Alliance of Independent Social Democrats (SNSD), called on other political parties in Républik Srepska to organize a referendum on police reform in Bosnia-Herzegovina. The SNSD said the referendum should give a clear picture on whether the Bosnian Serb police should be dismissed or not in the process reforms under which a single police force is to be created on the state level. "I do expect that the answer of most of citizens of Républik Srepska would be no," Rajko Vasić, member of the SNSD leadership said. He also said the party, which won exactly half the seats in the [[National Assembly of Républik Srepska]] on [[October 1]] [[2006]], would suggest the referendum on police reform as an issue to be discussed at the first next session of the entity's parliament. Earlier this year the leader of the SNSD and the current RS Prime Minister Milorad Dodik said he would be ready to sacrifice negotiations with the [[European Union]] on the eventual integration of BiH into the Union, if the RS police is to be abolished as part of the police reform on Bosnia's state-level. As the response to the latest initiatives from [[Banja Luka]], the Chairman of Bosnia's central government, the Council of Ministers, [[Adnan Terzić]], blamed the international community and its passive stand towards the RS stance on police reform. "Considering the reactions of the international community's officials to the obstructions from the Républik Srepska, they (Bosnian Serbs) can do whatever they want," Terzić told [[Sarajevo]] daily [[Avaz|Dnevni avaz]]. The police reform was aimed at joining police troops of the two ethnic entities into a single state-level police. The police reform fulfills three EU requests - establishment of a statewide police service, elimination of political interference and creation of patrol regions based on professional criteria. "We do not want suspension of the talks on Stabilization and Association Agreement. However, we won't make concession on what we consider as a minimum requirement, that is retaining of the [[Républik Srepska Police]] as an organizational unit with clear competencies and jurisdiction within the reconstructed Police of BiH", Dodik said. He announced that the RS side will step out of the police reforms process, if their wishes are not respected. On the [[November 14]] [[2006]], [[Uroš Pena]], the RS chief of police, was quoted as saying that the agreement was being broken by the international community, not RS. In the agreement, it is written that the "Directorate for Police Reform shall be made up of professionals and experts from all levels of government (BiH, entities, cantons)...", which was ignored when a EU Police Mission representative was included.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nezavisne.com/vijesti.php?vijest=2305&meni=2 |work=Nezavisne novine |date=2006-11-14 |accessdate=2007-04-19 |title=Uroš Pena: RS nije prekršila sporazum}}</ref> ===External relations=== On [[September 26]] [[2006]] Républik Srepska officials signed a 'special ties agreement' with [[Serbia]] aimed at promoting economic and institutional cooperation between Serbia and the Républik Srepska (RS). The accord was signed by Serbia's President [[Boris Tadić]] and Prime Minister [[Vojislav Koštunica]], former RS President [[Dragan Čavić]], and Prime Minister [[Milorad Dodik]]. Tadić and Koštunica, accompanied by several ministers and some 300 businessmen, arrived in [[Banja Luka]], the ''de facto'' capital of the Républik Srepska, on two special planes from [[Belgrade]], in what was seen as the biggest-ever boost to strengthening ties in all spheres of life between the Républik Srepska and [[Serbia]]. The Serbian bank, the Komercijalna banka, and the "Dunav osiguranje" insurance company opened branches in Banja Luka and the Serbian news agency [[Tanjug]] also inaugurated its international press center in Banja Luka, in a day packed with business engagements. The document sets out steps taken by Serbia and Républik Srepska officials to increase economic and political ties. It is similar to a previous one signed in 2001 between the [[Federal Republic of Yugoslavia]] and the Républik Srepska, which had envisaged close cooperation in economy, defense, education and [[dual citizenship]] for the residents, said a Serbian government statement. The agreement gives Républik Srepska, the same status with Serbia as the state of Bosnia-Herzegovina as a whole. "This agreement will stabilize the relations between countries in the region and it will promote economic, political and cultural relations between Serbia and Républik Srepska," Čavić told reporters after the signing ceremony. Koštunica added "We have long waited for this day," and insisting that the agreement would not be "a dead letter on paper," but would "live and be useful to the citizens of Serbia and Républik Srepska." Under the Dayton peace accord, which ended the [[Bosnian war]] in 1995, the country was divided into two entities - [[Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina]], and the Républik Srepska. Each entity was accorded most of the powers of a state and the accord left room for special ties between the RS and Serbia, as well as between Croatia and the Bosnian Croats.{{Fact|date=January 2007}} ===The status of Républik Srepska=== The political platform of some Bosniak political parties in the other entity (the [[Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Federation of BiH]]), most notably that of the [[SBiH]] party, includes the abolition of the Républik Srepska. The party's leader, [[Haris Silajdžić]], has repeatedly stated that he wishes to see the RS dismantled.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/hardtalk/3890537.stm |date=2004-07-13 |accessdate=2007-04-19 |title=Bosnian Sackings |work=[[BBC]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/hardtalk/6049454.stm |title=Bosnian Elections |date=2006-10-13 |accessdate=2007-04-19 |work=BBC News}}</ref> In response to such statements, the Prime Minister of Républik Srepska [[Milorad Dodik]] brought the idea of an independence referendum for RS into public debate when [[Montenegro]] seceded from the [[State Union of Serbia and Montenegro|union]] with [[Serbia]] in an [[Montenegrin independence referendum, 2006|independence referendum]] on [[May 21]], [[2006]]. In an interview published in the Serbian media, Dodik said a referendum on independence for RS was a fair solution and that 99&nbsp;percent of Bosnian Serbs support secession from Bosnia-Herzegovina. Dodik stated that this referendum is "inevitable" since [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] has no viable future.<ref>Link to reprint of article by Croatian newsagency Hina [http://listserv.buffalo.edu/cgi-bin/wa?A2=ind0609&L=justwatch-l&D=1&O=D&P=5434]</ref> [[Sulejman Tihić]], the Bosniak member of BiH's tripartite presidency, responded by saying that those who want to secede from Bosnia can pack up and leave, "but can’t take away an inch of Bosnian territory". [[Borislav Paravac]], the Serb member of the state presidency, responded that Tihić's statement was an "irresponsible and scandalous act". "Bosnia isn’t his private property," said Paravac, adding that RS covers 49% of Bosnia’s territory and that Serbs are one of three constituent ([[autochthonous]] or native) peoples, with equal rights. Prime Minister Dodik also stated that Tihić’s statement represented a drastic example of “hate and chauvinism” which would only further inflame ethnic passions in Bosnia. "In Tihić’s statement one can easily recognize an Islamic concept which sees Bosnia as its exclusive right," said Dodik. "Serbs are a constituent people in Bosnia and claim the same right to the country and to live in it," said Dodik. The [[High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina|high representative of the international community]] in Bosnia has appealed to the leaders of all three nationalities to stop with their “inflammatory rhetoric”. However, Haris Silajdžić continued his calls for the RS to be abolished, and Dodik continued to propose that the Bosnian Serbs may seek a referendum on independence, despite a warning that he may be punished for such statements. The international community's high representative to Bosnia, German diplomat [[Christian Schwarz-Schilling]], warned in Vienna, that "if he [Dodik] continues to talk about the referendum, I will have to remove him from office.”. Dodik responded: "Let him be my guest and sack me. I stand by everything I said about the referendum". Dodik went further and explained that his statements were a response to repeated threats from Sarajevo that Républik Srepska should be dissolved.{{Fact|date=January 2007}}. The Former President of Républik Srepska, [[Milan Jelić]], a member of Dodik's party, had then said that: "If the abolition of the RS is raised again we will continue the rhetoric of a referendum. However, that's not our aim, but to reform RS according to European standards, to make it the better part of BiH, which will drag the rest of BiH into Euro-Atlantic integration."<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rtrs.tv/vijesti/vijest.php?id=28777 |title=Јелић: Уколико Космет буде независан, РС ће адекватно одговорити |work=Radio-Televizija Républike Srpske (RTRS) |accessdate=2007-04-19}}</ref> More recently measures announced by the current [[High Representative]] [[Miroslav Lajcak]] intended to improve the functionality of [[BiH]] state institutions, were interpreted by RS officials as undermining RS and the Bosnian Serbs. Measures have been met with strong opposition from the Bosnian Serbs leadership and resulted in the resignation of the BiH PM [[Nikola Spiric]] member of [[SNSD]] party. Lajcak responded that announced measures do not jeopardize either BiH entity or ethnic group an assesment which was confirmed by [[OHR]]. He further stated that unless measures are implemented by December 1st, he will use his powers as the top international administrator in BiH to impose them. The issue was resolved at the government level on December 4th partially when both the entities agreed to implement the said proposals, and is expected to be resolved by mid 2008 when the implementation of the same is expected to be finished. However it still remains to be seen if the general public of RS, which is seemingly opposed to the same accepts the same or not. == Culture == {{Expand-section|date=April 2007}} === People === Musician [[Filip Višnjić]] and poet [[Petar Kočić]] were from the territory of today's Républik Srepska. === Museums === The [[Museum of the Républik Srepska]] is located in [[Banja Luka]], as well as the [[Museum of Contemporary Art (Républik Srepska)|Museum of Contemporary Art]]. === Sport === {{main|Sport in Républik Srepska}} Notable football clubs in the RS include [[Borac Banja Luka]], [[Slavija Istočno Sarajevo]], [[FK Radnik Bijeljina]], [[FK Modriča]], and [[FK Leotar Trebinje]], which all play in the [[Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina]]. === Education === There are two public [[university|universities]] in the Républik Srepska: the [[University of Banja Luka]], and the [[University of East Sarajevo]] (formerly the ''University of Serb Sarajevo'') and several recently founded private universities, such as ''Slobomir P University''. The University of Banja Luka was founded on [[November 7]], [[1975]] and currently consist of about 17 faculties. Among them are Faculty of Electrical engineering [http://www.etfbl.net], Faculty of Architecture, Faculty of Medicine, Faculty of Economics [http://www.efbl.org], Faculty of Law, Academy of Arts ... The University of East Sarajevo traces its roots to 1946. Slobomir P University was founded by Mira and Slobodan Pavlovic, known as the foremost Serbian benefactors, who became legends of its nation in this hardship of the twentieth century, while still alive. === Media === The main media organisations of the Républik Srepska, such as [[RTRS]] and [[Alternativna Televizija|ATV]], are based in [[Banja Luka]]. A notable exception is the [[BN TV|BN TV station]], based in [[Bijeljina]], in the [[Semberija]] region. ==Currency== {{imagestack| --> <!-- Deleted image removed: [[Image:Tavnamarka.jpg|thumb|right|1994 Postage Stamp.]] --> <!-- Commented out because image was deleted: [[Image:Brankomarka.jpg|thumb|2004 [[Bosnia and Herzegovina convertible mark|Convertible Mark]] (Républik Srepska version) showing [[Branko Ćopić]].]] --> <!-- Deleted image removed: [[Image:RSDinar.jpg|thumb|1993 5000 [[Républik Srepska dinar|dinar]] banknote showing [[Petar Kočić]].]] --> <!-- |right}} The present currency is the [[Bosnia and Herzegovina konvertibilna marka|Convertible Mark]], the national currency of Bosnia and Herzegovina. In 1992, the new government of Républik Srepska had issued postage stamps and currency — now prized worldwide by collectors. From 1992 to 1994, Républik Srepska had its own currency, the [[Républik Srepska dinar]]. ==Internet domains== Républik Srepska does not have its own Internet [[domain name]] and its institutions do not prefer the Bosnia-Herzegovina [[top level domain|TLD]] (''.ba'') or indeed any other single [[Top level domain]]. Third parties offer the subdomain ''.rs'' under either one of the TLDs ''.ba'' (Bosnia & Herzegovina) (e.g. http://www.rs.ba/) or ''.sr'' (e.g. http://www.rs.sr/, which is actually the code for [[Suriname]], but it resembles [[Serbia]], which used to use ''.yu'', but is now bringing in the ''.rs'' [[top level domain]]) --> == Deleng uga == * [[Pulisi Républik Srepska Police]] * [[Wadya Républik Srepska]] * [[Pamérangan pulitik Bosnia-Herzegovina]] * [[Distrik Brčko]] * [[Regions of Républik Srepska]] * [[Dinar Républik Srepska]] * [[Sajarah Républik Srepska]] * [[Sajarah Bosnia-Herzegovina]] * [[Air Srpska]] * [[Républik Srpska Krajina]] <!--[galleries to subarticles, please]--> == Réferènsi == {{Reflist}} <!-- == Galeri == <gallery> Image:Doboj 001.JPG|view of Doboj from the castle, [[Doboj]] Image:Raca 0003.JPG|Sign welcoming visitors to ''Républik Srepska'' at the [[inter-entity boundary line]] Image:Uprava.jpg|[[Banski dvor]], [[Banja Luka]] Image:Trebinjetriptrebinje.jpg|Serbian Orthodox Monastery, Hercegovačka Gračanica in [[Trebinje]] Image:Višegrad 001.JPG|Drina Bridge built by [[Mehmed Paša Sokolović]] in 1571 in [[Višegrad]] Image:Blairport.jpg|[[Banja Luka International Airport]] Image:Doboj stari grad.gif|[[Doboj]] at the beginning of the 20th Century Image:Mehmed_Pasa_Sokolovic_Bridge_Visegrad_1900.JPG|The bridge in [[Višegrad]] built by [[Mehmed Paša Sokolović]] in 1571 Image:City area.jpg|[[Gradiška]] Image:TijentisteSutjeska.jpg|[[Sutjeska]] Image:KozarackiKamen.jpg|[[Kozara]] Image:Bosanska dubica-center.jpg|[[Kozarska Dubica]] Image:TRG KRALJA PETRA 0009.PNG|[[Bijeljina]] Image:Bosanska Dubica Mosque.png|Mosque in [[Kozarska Dubica]] Image:Kastel.jpg|Kastel fortress in [[Banja Luka]] Image:Bilecko Jezero.jpg|[[Bileća]] lake Image:Crkva-srbac.jpg|Serb Orthodox Church in [[Srbac]] Image:Bosanski Novi.jpg|[[Novi Grad]] Image:Panoramicviewofugljevik.JPG|[[Ugljevik]] Image:Kula.JPG|Castle in [[Bosanska Kostajnica]] Image:Trebinje.jpg|The [[Herzegovina|Herzegovinian]] town of [[Trebinje]], in the deep south of Républik Srepska </gallery> --> == Pranala njaba == * [http://www.vladars.net/ Situs Papréntahan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130121173853/http://www.vladars.net/sr-SP-Cyrl/Pages/Default.aspx |date=2013-01-21 }} * [http://www.predsjednikrs.net/ Situs Presidhèn] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190606175111/http://www.predsjednikrs.net/ |date=2019-06-06 }} * [http://www.narodnaskupstinars.net/ Déwan Nasional] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227123253/http://www.narodnaskupstinars.net/ |date=2021-02-27 }} * [http://www.bih-x.com/regije_i_gradovi/rs.htm Bosnia lan Herzegovina online] {{Commons category|Républik Srepska}} <!--Categories--> [[Kategori:Républik Srepska| ]] <!--Other languages--> 3sv4ipx2q8ttdpms9la0p6ypdhv4g8f 0 77689 1752660 1732121 2026-08-13T19:34:54Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1752660 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:Franz Anton Bustelli Liebesgruppe 1756-4.jpg|thumb|250px|''Wong kang lagi dilanda asmara'' saka [[porselen Nymphenburg]], wiwit taun 1760, karya panjenengané [[Franz Anton Bustelli]]]] [[Gambar:BasilikaOttobeurenHauptschiff02.JPG|thumb|right|250px|Karya Rokoko [[Ottobeuren Abbey|Basilika di Ottobeuren]] (Bavaria): ruang arsitektural kang ngalir sajeroning panguripan.]] '''Rokoko''' (uga ditulis ing basa-basa [[Éropah]] '''rococo''' lan '''roccoco'''; {{IPA-en|rəˈkoʊkoʊ|pron}}) kang ngandut arti ''Barok Pungkasan'' ''("Late Baroque")'' ya iku salah sijiné gaya kang ana ing abad 18 lan misuwur wiwit panjenengané [[seniman]] [[Barok]] ninggal gaya simetris lan miwiwiti ngambar [[kembang]], [[tuwuhan]] uga dolanan liyané <ref name="autogenerated1">[http://www.bc.edu/bc_org/avp/cas/his/CoreArt/art/ancien.html Ancien Regime Rococo] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180411162829/http://www.bc.edu/bc_org/avp/cas/his/CoreArt/art/ancien.html |date=2018-04-11 }}. Bc.edu. Retrieved on 2011-05-29.</ref><ref>[http://www.huntfor.com/arthistory/c17th-mid19th/rococo.htm Rococo – Rococo Art]. Huntfor.com. Retrieved on 2011-05-29.</ref>.Wangun rokoko digagas lan dirancang kanggo duwé mupangat ing [[donya]] [[kagunan rupa]] kanthi piranti kulawarga kang mewah lan ana motifé kembang, [[tuwuhan]]lan [[patung]]-patung cilik, lan kaca pengilon kang akèh ornamené, uga [[permadani]] kanggo memapi wujud [[arsitèktur]], [[relief]], lan [[cat]] témbok kang wujud [[warna]] <ref name="Marilyn Stokstad 2005">Marilyn Stokstad, ed. Art History. 4th ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 2005. Print.</ref>. Gaya punika akèh digantikan déning gaya [[Neoklasik]].[[Taun]] [[1835]] padha ''Dictionary of the French Academy'' wiwit nulisaké tembung ''Rococo'' " kang biyasa tumuju ing jinising ornamen, gaya lan [[désain]] kang ana gayutané déning [[pamarétahan]] [[Louis XV]] lan wiwitan saka [[Louis XVI]]". Kagolong uga sajeroning karya [[kagunan]] kang digawé ing partengahan [[abad]] 18 ing tlatah [[Prancis]]. == Filosofi == Kata Rokoko asalé saka campuran tembung Prancis ''rocaille'', kang artiné [[watu]], lan ''coquilles'', duwé arti umum tumuju ing [[kerang]], amarga ana kandutané ing wujud wangun kang ana motif dekorasin.<ref>Monique Wagner, ''From Gaul to De Gaulle: An Outline of French Civilization.'' Peter Lang, 2005, pp. 139. ISBN 0-8204-2277-0</ref>. Rokoko uga bisa diartikake kanggo campuran tembung "barocco" (wujud katata saka [[mutiara]], semana uga kanthi asal saka tembung "baroque") lan tembung Prancis "rocaille" (wujud kang misuwur saka ornamen tetuwuhan lan ''interior'' kang migunakaké kerang lan [[krikil]] hias), mupangaté bisa dianggo njelentrehake gaya alus lan éndah kang dadi model ing Éropah wiwit abad 18.<ref name="Marilyn Stokstad 2005"/> == Uga delengen == * {{cite book | last = Kimball | first = Fiske | title = The Creation of the Rococo Decorative Syle | publisher = Dover Publications | location = New York | year = 1980 | isbn = 0-486-23989-6 }} * Arno Schönberger and Halldor Soehner, 1960. ''The Age of Rococo'' Published in the US as ''The Rococo Age: Art and Civilization of the 18th Century'' (Originally published in German, 1959). * {{cite book | last = Levey | first = Michael | title = Painting in Eighteenth-Century Venice | publisher = Cornell University Press | location = Ithaca | year = 1980 | isbn = 0-8014-1331-1 }} * {{cite book | last = Kelemen | first = Pál | title = Baroque and Rococo in Latin America | publisher = Dover Publications | location = New York | year = 1967 | isbn = 0-486-21698-5 }} == Pranala njaba == {{Commons|Rococo}} * [http://www.bergerfoundation.ch/Vertige/english/index.html Examples] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080629105246/http://www.bergerfoundation.ch/Vertige/english/index.html |date=2008-06-29 }} * [http://www.all-art.org/history252_contents_Baroque_Rococo.html Rococo in the "History of Art"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101030044455/http://all-art.org/history252_contents_Baroque_Rococo.html |date=2010-10-30 }} * {{cite web |publisher= [[Museum Victoria dan Albert]] |url= http://www.vam.ac.uk/vastatic/microsites/british_galleries/bg_styles/Style04a/index.html |title= Rococo Style Guide |work= British Galleries |accessdate= 2007-07-16 |archive-date= 2007-09-29 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070929095806/http://www.vam.ac.uk/vastatic/microsites/british_galleries/bg_styles/Style04a/index.html |url-status= dead }} == Cathetan suku == {{reflist}} {{Westernart}} [[Kategori:Kagunan]] [[Kategori:Kagunan rupa]] [[Kategori:Sajarah arsitèktur]] [[Kategori:Gaya arsitèktur]] {{kagunan-stub}} rdo0dzwn548zuhpkyu0jl0tnxbrj8oq 0 91347 1752668 1675748 2026-08-13T22:58:15Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1752668 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taxobox | name = Strobèri kebon | image = Strawberries.JPG | image_width = 240px | image_caption = Stroberi kebon ditangkaraké kanthi [[hidroponik]]. | regnum = [[Plantae]] | divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]] | classis = [[Magnoliopsida]] | ordo = [[Rosales]] | familia = [[Rosaceae]] | subfamilia = [[Rosoideae]] | genus = [[Fragaria]] | species = '''''F. × ananassa''''' | binomial = ''Fragaria × ananassa'' | binomial_authority = [[Antoine Nicolas Duchesne|Duchesne]] }} '''Stroberi''' utawa '''stroberi kebun''' (uga diarani '''arbei''', saka [[basa Walanda]] ''aardbei'') ya iku varietas stroberi sing paling kondhang. Kaya spésies liyané ing génus ''[[Fragaria]]'' (stroberi), woh iki kalebu ing kulawarga ''[[Rosaceae]]''. Lumrahé woh iki dudu ''[[buah]]'', nanging [[buah aksesori|buah palsu]],<ref>http://www.sallybernstein.com/food/columns/ferray_fiszer/strawberries.htm</ref> tegesé daginge ora saka ovari tuwuhan (achenium) nanging saka sisih ngisor tuwuhan [[hypanthium]] sing wujudé mangkok<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ars.org/About_Roses/bot-rose_family.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2012-09-20 |archive-date=2009-05-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090528100147/http://www.ars.org/About_Roses/bot-rose_family.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> papan ovari tuwuhan iku.<ref>http://www.hort.purdue.edu/ext/senior/fruits/strawbe1.htm</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://gears.tucson.ars.ag.gov/book/flower.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2012-09-20 |archive-date=2009-12-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091207031132/http://gears.tucson.ars.ag.gov/book/flower.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> <!--[[Berkas:Strawberry flower.jpg|left|thumb|Kemabang Strawberi lan woh sing lagi tuwuh]]--> Woh stroberi warnané ijo rada putih nalika tuwuh, ing saakehing spésies malik dadi abang nalika mateng. Jenenge saka [[basa Inggris kuna]] ''streawberige'' minangka gabungan saka ''streaw'' utawa "straw" lan ''berige'' utawa "berry". Alesan dijenengi iki durung jelas. Maenka spésies [[Lepidoptera]] njupuk sumber makanan saka tuwuhan stroberi, marai spésies iki dadi hama utama tuwuhan stroberi. === Produksi === Produksi stroberi donya antara 2005-2007 ing [[ton]] (mung nagara sing jumlah produksi punjul 50.000 ton ing taun 2007 sing karan):<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://faostat.fao.org/site/567/DesktopDefault.aspx?PageID=567#ancor |title=FAO stat |access-date=2012-09-20 |archive-date=2012-06-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120619130038/http://faostat.fao.org/site/567/DesktopDefault.aspx?PageID=567#ancor |url-status=dead }}</ref> <!-- ==Uses== [[Berkas:Strawberry_jam_on_a_dish.JPG|thumb|Strawberry jam]] In addition to being consumed fresh, strawberries can be frozen, made into [[preserves]], as well as dried and used in such things as cereal bars. Strawberries are a popular addition to dairy products, as in strawberry flavored ice cream, milkshakes, smoothies and yogurts. Strawberry [[pie]] is also popular. Strawberry pigment extract can be used as a natural acid/base indicator due to the different color of the conjugate acid and conjugate base of the pigment.<ref>http://alameda.peralta.edu/Projects/20295/Chem_1B_Lab_Manual/Experiment_9_-_pH_indicators.doc</ref> --> == Nutrisi == Sacangkir (144 g) stroberi ngandhut kira-kira 45 kalori (188 kJ) lan dadi sumber [[vitamin C]] lan [[flavonoid]] sing becik.<ref>http://www.nutritiondata.com/facts/fruits-and-fruit-juices/2064/2</ref><ref>http://www.thefruitpages.com/chartstrawberries.shtml</ref><ref>http://www.sweetdarling.com/lfiapp/Nutritional.cfm</ref> <div style="float:left; width:48%;"> {| class="wikitable" ! Nutrien ! Ékan ! WIDTH="80" | 1 cangkir, kebak<hr />144 g |- ! colspan="3" | Proksimasi |- | [[Banyu]] | align="center" | g | align="right" | 132 |- | [[Energi]] | align="center" | kcal | align="right" | 43 |- | Energi | align="center" | kJ | align="right" | 181 |- | [[Protein]] | align="center" | g | align="right" | 0.88 |- | Total lipid ([[lemak]]) | align="center" | g | align="right" | 0.53 |- | [[Karbohidrat]], kanthi prabédan | align="center" | g | align="right" | 10.1 |- | [[Serat]], total | align="center" | g | align="right" | 3.3 |- | [[Ash]] | align="center" | g | align="right" | 0.62 |- ! colspan = "3" | Mineral |- | [[Kalsium]], Ca | align="center" | mg | align="right" | 20 |- | [[Besi]], Fe | align="center" | mg | align="right" | 0.55 |- | [[Magnesium]], Mg | align="center" | mg | align="right" | 14 |- | [[Fosfor]], P | align="center" | mg | align="right" | 27 |- | [[Kalium]], K | align="center" | mg | align="right" | 240 |- | [[Sodium]], Na | align="center" | mg | align="right" | 1.44 |- | [[Seng]], Zn | align="center" | mg | align="right" | 0.19 |- | [[Tembaga]], Cu | align="center" | mg | align="right" | 0.07 |- | [[Mangan]], Mn | align="center" | mg | align="right" | 0.42 |- | [[Selenium]], Se | align="center" | µg | align="right" | 1.01 |- ! colspan = "3" | Vitamin |- | Vitamin C, [[ascorbic acid]] | align="center" | mg | align="right" | 82 |- | [[Thiamin]] | align="center" | mg | align="right" | 0.03 |- | [[Riboflavin]] | align="center" | mg | align="right" | 0.1 |- | [[Niacin]] | align="center" | mg | align="right" | 0.33 |- | [[Pantothenic acid]] | align="center" | mg | align="right" | 0.49 |- | [[Vitamin B-6]] | align="center" | mg | align="right" | 0.09 |- | [[Folate]] | align="center" | µg | align="right" | 25 |- | [[Vitamin B-12]] | align="center" | µg | align="right" | 0 |- | [[Vitamin A]], IU | align="center" | IU | align="right" | 39 |- | [[Vitamin A]], RE | align="center" | µg RE | align="right" | 4.3 |- | [[Vitamin E]] | align="center" | mg ATE | align="right" | 0.20 |} </div> <div style="float:right; width:48%;"> {| class="wikitable" ! Nutrien ! Ékan ! WIDTH="80" | 1 cangkir, kebak<hr />144 g |- ! colspan = "3" | Lipids |- | Fatty acids, [[Saturated fat|saturated]] | align="center" | g | align="right" | 0.03 |- | 16:0 | align="center" | g | align="right" | 0.02 |- | 18:0 | align="center" | g | align="right" | 0.006 |- | Fatty acids, [[Monounsaturated fat|monounsaturated]] | align="center" | g | align="right" | 0.075 |- | 16:1 | align="center" | g | align="right" | 0.001 |- | 18:1 | align="center" | g | align="right" | 0.073 |- | Fatty acids, [[Polyunsaturated fat|polyunsaturated]] | align="center" | g | align="right" | 0.27 |- | 18:2 | align="center" | g | align="right" | 0.16 |- | 18:3 | align="center" | g | align="right" | 0.11 |- | [[Kolesterol]] | align="center" | mg | align="right" | 0 |- | [[Phytosterols]] | align="center" | mg | align="right" | 17 |- ! colspan = "3" | Amino acids |- | [[Tryptophan]] | align="center" | g | align="right" | 0.01 |- | [[Threonine]] | align="center" | g | align="right" | 0.027 |- | [[Isoleucine]] | align="center" | g | align="right" | 0.02 |- | [[Leucine]] | align="center" | g | align="right" | 0.045 |- | [[Lysine]] | align="center" | g | align="right" | 0.036 |- | [[Methionine]] | align="center" | g | align="right" | 0.001 |- | [[Cystine]] | align="center" | g | align="right" | 0.007 |- | [[Phenylalanine]] | align="center" | g | align="right" | 0.026 |- | [[Tyrosine]] | align="center" | g | align="right" | 0.030 |- | [[Valine]] | align="center" | g | align="right" | 0.026 |- | [[Arginine]] | align="center" | g | align="right" | 0.037 |- | [[Histidine]] | align="center" | g | align="right" | 0.017 |- | [[Alanine]] | align="center" | g | align="right" | 0.045 |- | [[Aspartic acid]] | align="center" | g | align="right" | 0.20 |- | [[Glutamic acid]] | align="center" | g | align="right" | 0.13 |- | [[Glycine]] | align="center" | g | align="right" | 0.035 |- | [[Proline]] | align="center" | g | align="right" | 0.027 |- | [[Serine]] | align="center" | g | align="right" | 0.033 |} </div> {{clear}} <!-- ==Strawberry Allergy== Some individuals may exhibit an [[Anaphylaxis|anaphylactoid]] response to the consumption of strawberries.<ref>http://www.ific.org/foodinsight/2003/ja/foodsensfi403.cfm</ref> The most common form of this reaction is [[Oral allergy syndrome]], but symptoms may also mimic [[Hay fever]] or include [[dermatitis]] or [[hives]], and in severe cases may cause breathing problems<ref>http://allergysymptomsinfo.com/Strawberry+Allergy+Symptoms.12316.htm?ra=1</ref> Some research suggests that the allergen may be tied to the red pigment of most strawberry cultivars, and as such white/colorless strawberry cultivars may present a possible option for strawberry allergy sufferers.<ref>Down-regulation of the strawberry Bet v 1-homologous allergen in concert with the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway in colorless strawberry mutant, Hjernö K, Alm R, Canbäck B, Matthiesen R, Björk L, Trajkovski K, Roepstorff P and Emanuelsson C (2006), Proteomics 6, 1574-87.</ref> --> == Réferènsi == {{reflist}} == Pranala njaba == {{Commons|Strawberry}} * [http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?244 ''F. ananassa'' data dari basis data GRIN] * [http://www.ipm.ucdavis.edu/PMG/selectnewpest.strawberry.html Universitas California, Petunjuk penanganan hama stroberi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121108102116/http://www.ipm.ucdavis.edu/PMG/selectnewpest.strawberry.html |date=2012-11-08 }} * [http://www.calstrawberry.com California Strawberry Commission] [[Kategori:Fragaria]] [[Kategori:Bèri]] cih0s2v899z2j97s7ze4okm21tjcnlr 0 95552 1752651 1738051 2026-08-13T13:31:25Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1752651 wikitext text/x-wiki {{rapèkaké}} <!-- This article uses the British English spelling of “Organization”. It is not a typographical error. The spelling using the ‘s’ is used by the OECD itself. Please do not change the spelling to “organization” without discussion on the talk page. Thanks! --> '''Organisasi kanggo Kerjasama lan Pengembangan Ékonomi''' ('''OECD''' - ''Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development'') ya iku [[organisasi internasional]] sing anggotane telung puluh nagara sing nerima prinsip [[dhémokrasi perwakilan]] lan ékonomi [[pasar bébas]]. Organisasi iki ngadek taun [[1948]] nganggo jeneng Organisasi kanggo Kerjasama Ékonomi Éropa ('''OEEC''' - ''Organisation for European Economic Co-operation''), dipanggedhèni déning [[Robert Marjolin]] saka Prancis, kanggo mbantu njalanke [[Marshall Plan]], kanggo rekonstruksi [[Éropa]] kidul [[Perang Dunia II]]. Seteruse, keanggotaane saya akèh saka nagara-nagara non-Éropa, lan taun [[1961]], diwangun manèh dadi OECD déning [[Konvensi tentang Organisasi kanggo Kerjasama lan Pangembangan Ékonomi]]. == Anggota<ref>[http://www.oecd.org/countrieslist/0,3351,en_33873108_33844430_1_1_1_1_1,00.html OECD's country list]</ref> == [[Gambar:OECD_member_states_map.svg|250px|thumb|Nagara anggota OECD (taun 2010). Anggota asli berwarna biru peteng]] Anggota penuh ana telung puluh;<ref>[http://www.oecd.org/document/58/0,3343,en_2649_34483_1889402_1_1_1_1,00.html '''Ratification of the Convention on the OECD''' ]</ref> 25 diantarane (ditandhani karo *) dianggep dadi [[nagara sing duwé panghasilan dhuwur]] déning [[Bank Dunia]] taun 2006. {| |- | colspan=2 | Anggota sèng ngadeke organisasi (1961): |- | :{{flag|Amérikah Sarékat}}* :{{flag|Ostenrik}}* :{{flag|Nèderlan}}* :{{flag|Bèlgi}}* :{{flag|Karajan Manunggal}}* :{{flag|Bosnia dan Herzegovina}} :{{flag|Dhènemarken}}* :{{IRL}}* :{{flag|Èslan}}* :{{flag|Itali}}* :{{flag|Jerman}}* | :{{flag|Kanadha}}* :{{flag|Luksemburg}}* :{{flag|Nurwègen}}* :{{flag|Prancis}}* :{{flag|Portugal}}* :{{flag|Spanyol}}* :{{flag|Swèdhen}}* :{{flag|Switserlan}}* :{{flag|Turki}} :{{flag|Yunani}}* |- | colspan=2 | Nagara sing gabung (miturut urutan taun gabung): |- | :{{flag|Jepang}}* (1964) :{{flag|Finlan}}* (1969) :{{flag|Ostrali}}* (1971) :{{flag|Selandia Baru}}* (1973) :{{flag|Libya}}* (1983) :{{flag|Meksiko}} (1994) :{{flag|Republik Républik Céko}}* (1995) :{{flag|Koréa Kidul}}* (1996) | :{{flag|Hungaria}} (1996) :{{flag|Polen}} (1996) :{{flag|Slowak}} (2000) :{{flag|Chile}} (2010) :{{flag|Slowén}}* (2010) :{{flag|Israèl}}* (2010) |} * [[Komisi Éropa]] mbantu tugas OECD, karo Nagara Anggota UE.<ref>[http://www.oecd.org/countrieslist/0,3351,en_33873108_33844430_1_1_1_1_1,00.html OECD's country websites]</ref> == Kandidat anggota == :{{flag|Éstlan}} :{{flag|Russia}} == Akan menjadi anggota == :{{flag|Brazil}} :{{flag|Cina}} :{{flag|India}} :{{flag|Indonésia}} :{{flag|Afrika Selatan}}<ref>[http://www.oecd.org/pages/0,3417,en_36734052_36734103_1_1_1_1_1,00.html About OECD]</ref> == Kerangka makarya == {| |- | :'''Ékonomi''' <ref>[http://www.oecd.org/maintopic/0,3348,en_2649_201185_1_1_1_1_1,00.html '''The OECD works on global issues''']</ref> ::Daya Saing ::Pertanian ::Pertumbuhan ékonomi ::Perusahaan, Industri dan Servis ::Kewewengkonan ::Pangyasa perdésaan dan perkotaan :'''Pangyasa''' ::Masalah-2 Pangyasa :'''Pamaréntahan''' ::Lembaga Pamaréntah ::Pemberantasan Korupsi :: Manajemen Perlayanan Publik ::Reformasi peraturan :'''Kelestarian''' ::Perikanan ::Energi ::Lingkungan Hidup ::Kesinambungan Pangyasa | :'''Kemasyarakatan''' ::Wiyata ::Ketenaga Kerjaan ::Masalah Kesejahteraan Masarakat ::Keséhatan ::Migrasi :'''Keuangan''' ::Pasar Keuangan ::Asuransi dan Pension ::Investasi ::Perpajakan :'''Pembaruan ''' ::Bioteknologi ::Teknologi Informasi dan komunikasi ::Ilmu kawruh dan inovasi |- |} == Cathetan sikil == {{reflist}} == Uga delengen == * [[PISA]] (Programme for International Student Assessment) * [[Frascati Manual]] * [[Blok dagang]] * [[Organisasi internasional di Éropa]] * [[Regulator kompetisi]] * [[Harga transfer]] * [[SourceOECD]] * [[Good Laboratory Practice]] * [[German Marshall Fund]] * [[Statistik nagara OSCE]] == Pranala njaba == * [http://www.oecd.org/document/57/0,3343,en_33873108_39418603_41014713_1_1_1_1,00.html Economic Assessment of Indonésia 2008] * [http://www.oecd.org/country/0,3377,en_33873108_39418603_1_1_1_1_1,00.html OECD Indonésia] * [http://www.oecd.org/ Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development] * [http://www.oecd.org/infobycountry OECD's Web sites on member countries] * [http://www.oecd.org/department/0,2688,en_2649_34859_1_1_1_1_1,00.html OECD Anti-Bribery Convention] * [http://www.biosecuritycodes.org Biosecuritycodes.org] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112102035/http://www.biosecuritycodes.org/ |date=2012-01-12 }} A detailed site on Biosecurity and Biosecurity codes created by the OECD [http://www.oecd.org/futures International Futures Programme]. * [http://www.oecd.org/document/28/0,2340,en_2649_34889_2397532_1_1_1_1,00.html Text of the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises] * [http://www.oecd.org/document/48/0,2340,en_2649_201185_1876912_1_1_1_1,00.html OECD page on OEEC] * [http://www.sourceoecd.org/factbook OECD's Factbook] presenting comparative economic, environmental and social data from the world's largest economies * [http://www.oecd-antispam.org OECD Antispam Task Force Report] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060915195541/http://www.oecd-antispam.org/ |date=2006-09-15 }} presenting an eight pronged set of measures for countering spam * [http://link.brightcove.com/services/player/bcpid348382027 Video interview of OECD economists] on the rise of India and Cina, and its consequences for Africa * [http://www.oecdobserver.org/ The OECD Observer] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100114191915/http://www.oecdobserver.org/ |date=2010-01-14 }} * [http://www.gmfus.org The German Marshall Fund of the United States] - Strengthening Transatlantic Cooperation * [http://blog.gmfus.org/ The German Marshall Fund Blog] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090124040016/http://blog.gmfus.org/ |date=2009-01-24 }} - Expert Commentary * [http://www.oecd.org/document/57/0,2340,en_2649_33745_30578809_1_1_1_1,00.html OECD's 2004 "List of Unco-operative Tax Havens"] * [http://oecd.gov.il/default.asp Israèl and OECD] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080507110929/http://oecd.gov.il/default.asp |date=2008-05-07 }} on steps taken by Israèl's Ministries of Foreign Affairs and Finance to join the OECD {{OECD}} [[Kategori:Perdagangan internasional]] [[Kategori:Organisasi ékonomi internasional]] [[Kategori:OECD| ]] [[Kategori:Arondisemen XVIe Paris]] [[Kategori:Pengamat Majelis Umum PBB]] avaih0gu3o86h32llo8t0gk3is8tixm 0 95960 1752658 1752525 2026-08-13T18:18:57Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1752658 wikitext text/x-wiki {{rapèkaké}} [[Gambar:Pt pupuk sriwijadja.jpg|thumb|240px]] {{for|perusahaan kang dahulu bernama PT Pupuk Sriwidjaja (Persero)|Pupuk Indonésia}} {{Kotak info perusahaan | company_name = PT Pupuk Sriwidjaja Palembang | company_logo = [[Berkas:Pusri.jpeg‎|center|150px]] | company_type = | foundation = [[12 November]] [[2010]] | location = [[Palembang]], [[Indonésia]] | key_people = Parikesit Suprapto, PhD , Komisaris {{br}}Edy Putra Irawady, SH , Direktur Utama |Ir. Arifin Tasrif | industry = [[Urea]] dan [[Amoniak]] | products = {{br}}Urea{{br}} Amoniak | revenue = | operating_income = | net_income = | num_employees = (organik){{br}} (non-organik) | parent = [[PT Pupuk Indonésia]] | subsid = {{br}}PT Sri Melamin Rejeki {{br}}PT Puspetindo | homepage = http://www.pusri.co.id/ | footnotes = }} '''PT Pupuk Sriwidjaja Palembang''', kang kondhang minangka PT Pusri, wujud anak perusahaan saka [[PT Pupuk Indonésia]] (Persero)<ref name="anak perusahaan pihc">{{Cite web |url=http://pupuk-indonesia.com/id/kepemilikan-saham |title=Anak Perusahaan PT Pupuk Indonésia |access-date=2013-01-14 |archive-date=2013-01-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115064736/http://pupuk-indonesia.com/id/kepemilikan-saham |url-status=dead }}</ref> kang bergerak ing babagan [[produksi]] lan [[pemasaran]] [[pupuk]]. == Sajarah == ==== Pupuk Sriwidjaja minangka Induk Pupuk Indonésia ==== Nalika taun 1997, Pusri ditunjuk minangka perusahaan induk membawahi papat BUMN kang bergerak ing babagan indhustri pupuk lan petrokimia, ya iku PT Petrokimia Gresik ing [[Gresik]], [[Jawa Timur]]; PT Pupuk Kujang ing [[Cikampek]], [[Jawa Barat]]; PT Pupuk Kaltim ing [[Bontang]], [[Kalimantan Timur]]; lan PT Pupuk Iskandar Muda ing [[Lhokseumawe]], [[Acèh]]; sarta BUMN kang bergerak ing babagan engineering, procurement & construction (EPC), ya iku PT Rekayasa Industri (kantore pusat ing Jakarta). Nalika taun 1998, anak perusahaan Pusri bertambah siji BUMN manhe, ya iku PT Mega Eltra ing Jakarta kang bergerak ing babagan perdagangan. awit Pamaréntah Indonésia mindahake sekabehane sahamnya kang dipanggonake ing Industri Pupuk Dalam Negeri lan ing PT Mega Eltra marang PUSRI, liwat Peraturan Pamaréntah (PP) nomer 28 taun 1997 lan PP nomer 34 taun 1998, mangka PUSRI, kang berkedudukan ing Palembang, Sumatera Selatan, dadi Induk Perusahaan (Operating Holding) kanti membawahi 6 (enam) anak perusahaan kalebu anak perusahaan penyertaan langsung ya iku PT Rekayasa Industri, masing-masing perusahaan bergerak sajrone babagan usaha: * PT Petrokimia Gresik kang berkedudukan ing Gresik, Jawa Timur. Produksi lan masarake pupuk urea, ZA, SP-36/SP-18, [[Phonska]], DAP, NPK, ZK, lan indhustri kimia lliyane sarta Pupuk Organik. * PT Pupuk Kujang, kang berkedudukan ing Cikampek, Jawa Barat. Memproduksi lan masarake pupuk urea lan indhustri kimia liyané. * PT Pupuk Kalimantan Timur, kang kedudukane ing Bontang, Kalimantan Timur. Produksi lan masarake pupuk urea lan indhustri kimia liyané. * PT Pupuk Iskandar Muda, kang kedudukane ing Lhokseumawe, Nangroe Acèh Darussalam. Produksi an masarake pupuk Urea lan indhustri kimia liyané. * PT Rekayasa Industri, kang kedudukane ing Jakarta, Bergerak sajrone penyediaan Jasa Engineering, Procurement & Construction (EPC) guna yasa indhustri gas & lenga bumi, pupuk, kimia dan petrokimia, pertambangan, pembangkit listrik (panas bumi, batu bara, micro-hydro, diesel). * PT Mega Eltra, kang kedudukane ing Jakarta kanti babagan usaha mligi ya iku Perdagangan Umum. === Periode Pupuk Sriwidjaja Palembang === Nalika taun [[2010]], dilakokake pemisahan ('''Spin-Off''') saka PT. Pupuk Sriwidjaja (Persero) (Pusri) marang PT. Pupuk Sriwidjaja Palembang (Pusri Palembang)<ref>[http://www.republika.co.id/berita/breaking-news/ekonomi/11/01/02/155887-pusri-resmi-jadi-holding-bumn-pupuk Pusri resmi jadi holding bumn pupuk]</ref>. Owah-owahan iki terutang sajrone owah-owahan anggaran dhasar<ref name="sajarah pusri">{{Cite web |url=http://www.pusri.co.id/50profil01.php |title=Sejarah Pusri |access-date=2013-01-14 |archive-date=2012-07-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120710060935/http://www.pusri.co.id/50profil01.php |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Pengalihan hak lan kewajiban Pusri marang Pusri Palembang tertuang sajrone [[Rapat Umum Pemegang Saham]] - Luar Biyasa nalika [[24 Dhésèmber]] 2010<ref name="sajarah pusri" />. Serah tampa kalungguhan lan pengalihan hak lan kewajiban efektif nalika [[1 Januari]] 2011<ref name="sajarah pusri" />. Pusri Palembang tetep migunakaké logo lan merk dagang Pusri<ref name="sajarah pusri" />. Pusri dhéwé ganti jeneng dadi [[Pupuk Indonésia]] lan migunakaké merk Pupuk Indonésia lan logo Pupuk Indonésia<ref name="ganti nama dan logo ke pupuk indonesia">[http://www.pupuk-kujang.co.id/allmenu.php?idn=36&idd=166&PHPSESSID=d75250648bd1364e7d411e70d66d8ad9 Lauching Nama dan Logo Baru Holding Pupuk]{{Pranala mati|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>. == Anak Perusahaan == # PT Sri Melamin Rejeki<ref name="anak perusahaan pusri">{{Cite web |url=http://www.pusri.co.id/50profil10.php |title=Anak Perusahaan Pusri |access-date=2013-01-14 |archive-date=2013-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130111035224/http://www.pusri.co.id/50profil10.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> (20%)<ref name="anak perusahaan pusri 2">{{Cite web |url=http://www.pusri.co.id/index0300.php |title=Anak Perusahaan Pusri 2 |access-date=2013-01-14 |archive-date=2012-07-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120717073925/http://www.pusri.co.id/index0300.php |url-status=dead }}</ref>, kang bergerak sajrone produksi melamin. # [http://www.puspetindo.com PT Puspetindo]<ref name="anak perusahaan pusri" /> (5.3%)<ref name="anak perusahaan pusri 2" />, kang bergerak sajrone produksi peralatan pabrik. # [http://twinplazahotèl.co.id/ PT Slipi Sri Indopuri]{{Pranala mati|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=February 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=December 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=December 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=November 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=November 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=September 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=September 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=September 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}<ref name="anak perusahaan pusri 2" />, kang bergerak sajrone hotèl lan apartemen. == Wewengkon Pemasaran == Surat Dudutan (SK) Menperindag No 70/MPP/Kep/2/2003 tanggal 11 Fèbruari 2003 wis mengatur manèh pola Pengadaan lan Penyaluran Pupuk Bersubsidi kanggo Sektor Pertanian, ya iku kanti pola rayonisasi distribusi pupuk kanggo produsen pupuk. Wewengkon Pemsaran Pupuk Sriwidjaja diduduhake kanti warna biru sarta anakan perusahaane. [[Gambar:Insetpemasaran02.jpg|center|500px]] == Prastawa wigati == # Pusri didegake nalika tanggal 24 Dhésèmber 1959 di Palembang, kanti kagiyatan usaha produksi pupuk urea. # nalika taun [[1963]] beroperasi pabrik pupuk urea pertama ya iku: ” PUSRI I ” kanti kapasitas terpasang 100.000 ton per taun. # Tahun [[1974]] dibangun pabrik pupuk Urea kapindho ya iku “ PUSRI II “ kanti kapasitas terpasang 380.000 ton pertahun (awit taun 1992 kapasitase ditingkatake / optimasi dadi 570.000 ton/taun). # Tahun [[1976]] dibangun pabrik pupuk Urea ketelu, ya iku “ PUSRI III ” kanti kapasitas terpasang 570.000 ton pertahun. # Tahun [[1977]] dibangun pabrik pupuk Urea kepapat, ya iku “ PUSRI IV ” kanti kapasitas terpasang 570.000 ton pertahun. # Tahun [[1979]], pamaréntah ngukuhaké PT.Pusri minangka perusahaan kang bertanggung jawab sajrone pengadaan lan penyaluran sekabehane jinis pupuk bersubsidi, baik kang berskala saka produksi sajrone nagari utawa import kanggo memenuhi kebutuhan program intensivikasi pertanian (Bimas lan Inmas). # Tahun [[1990]] dibangun pabrik pupuk Urea, ya iku “ PUSRI I B ” kanti kapasitas terpasang 570.000 ton pertahun minangka pengganti pabrik Puri I kang diendeg operasine amarga usia teknis lan wis ora efisien manèh. Pabrik iki wiwit produksi nalika taun 1994, wujud pabrik pertama kang digarap sapérangan besar déning ahli-ahli bangsa Indonésia, kang dibangun kanti konsèp hemat ènergi lan migunakaké sistem kendali komputer “Distributed Control System” # Tanggal [[12 November]] [[2010]], pemisahan PT Pupuk Sriwidjaja Palembang saka PT Pusri. == Struktur Kepemilikan Saham == * PT Pupuk Indonésia (99,99%)<ref name="anak perusahaan pusri" /> * Yayasan Kesejahteraan Karyawan Pusri (0,01%)<ref name="anak perusahaan pusri" /> [[Gambar:Strukturholding.jpg|center|600px]] == Cathetan sikil == {{reflist}} == Pranala njaba == * [http://www.pusri.co.id/ Situs Resmi PT. Pupuk Sriwidjaja Palembang] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130326054110/http://pusri.co.id/ |date=2013-03-26 }} [[Kategori:Kota Palembang]] [[Kategori:Perusahaan Indonésia]] [[Kategori:Pupuk]] ida5snmghj5r642h6xic1pgalmdtq7l 0 96675 1752653 1532460 2026-08-13T15:30:06Z IvanScrooge98 25294 /* */ img 1752653 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:Naguib Mahfouz HR.jpg|ka|jmpl|Naguib Mahfouz]] '''Naguib Mahfouz''' ([[basa Arab]]: نجيب محفوظ, ''Nağīb Maḥfūẓ''; Gamaliya, [[Kairo]], [[11]] [[Dhésèmber]] [[1911]] – [[30]] [[Agustus]] [[2006]]) inggih punika salah satunggaling novelis [[Mesir]] ingkang pinatuk Pangaji Nobel Kasusastran. Naguib Mahfouz miyos wonten ing laladan Gamaliya ing [[Kairo]]. Namanipun dipunparingi déning tiyang sepuhipun sami kaliyan nama [[Naguib Pasha Mahfouz|Profesor Naguib Pasha Mahfouz]], dhokter ingkang mbiyantu miyosipun. Mahfouz, ingkang dangu dados punggawa nagari, dinas wonten ing Kementerian Wakaf Mortmain, lajeng njabat minangka Direktur Badan Sensor wonten ing Biro Kagunan, Direktur Yayasan Pendukung Bioskop, lan pungkasanipun minangka konsultan wonten ing Kementerian Kebudayaan. Piyambakipun nerbitaken langkung saking 30 novèl. Piyambakipun pikantuk Penghargaan Nobel babagan Sastra nalika taun [[1988]].<ref>http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1988/mahfouz-bio.html</ref> Kathah saking novelipun ingkang wiwitan dipunterbitaken wonten ing, kalebet ''[[Anak-anak Gebelawi]]'' lan ''[[Lorong Midaq (novèl)|Lorong Midaq]]'' ingkang dipunadaptasi dados sawijining filem [[Meksiko]] ingkang dipunbintangi déning [[Salma Hayek]] (''[[El callejón de los milagros]]'').<ref>http://global.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/358178/Naguib-Mahfouz</ref> ''[[Anak-anak Gebelawi]] ''([[1959]]), salah satunggal saking karya Mahfouz ingkang saé piyambak, dipunlarang ''beredar'' wonten ing [[Mesir]] amargi dipunanggep ''menghujat'' amargi nggambaraken [[Allah]] lan [[agama]]-[[agama]] [[Abrahamik]] [[monoteistik]] [[Yudaisme]], [[Kristen]] lan [[Islam]]. Nalika taun [[1989]], sasampunipun wonten fatwa murtad tumrap [[Salman Rushdie]], satunggaling teolog Mesir ingkang wuta, [[Omar Abdul-Rahman]], ngendika dhumateng satunggaling wartawan bilih manawi Mahfouz sampun dipunhukum amargi nyerat novèl punika, Rushdie tamtu boten wantun nerbitaken novelipun. Syekh Omar ngendika bilih punika sanès fatwa, nanging nalika taun [[1994]] para ekstremis [[Islam]], ingkang pitados bilih punika minangka satunggaling fatwa, ngupaya numpes novelis ingkang sampun gadhah yuswa 82 taun punika, nikem wonten ing gulonipun ing njawi dalemipun wonten ing kutha [[Kairo]], Mahfouz nahan, lan wiwit punika terus dipunkawal. Pungkasanipun, nalika wiwitan taun [[2006]], novelipun dipunterbitaken ing [[Mesir]] kanthi pengantar ingkang dipunserat déning [[Ahmad Kamal Abu Almajd]]. Dumugi wekdal sédanipun, Mahfouz minangka panarima Penghargaan Nobel ingkang paling sepuh ingkang taksih gesang kanggé babagan Sastra lan paling sepuh angka 3 wonten ing masa sabibaripun [[Bertrand Russell]] lan [[Halldor Laxness]]. Nalika [[Juli]] [[2006]], Mahfouz dipunbekta dhateng unit gawat darurat amargi luka wonten ing mustakanipun. Piyambakipun tilar donya wonten ing yuswa 94 taun nalika tanggal [[30]] [[Agustus]] [[2006]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Naguib Mahfouz, First Writer in Arabic to Win Nobel Prize, Dies at 94|publisher=New York Times|date=August 30, 2006|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/30/books/31mahfouzcnd.html?ex=1314590400&en=903bfd6de675d9b3&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss}}</ref> == Karya-karya == * ''Mesir Lami'' ([[1932]]) مصر القديمة * ''Bisikan Kagilan'' ([[1938]])همس الجنون * ''Enyékan Nasib'' ([[1939]]) عبث الأقدار * ''Rhadopis saking Nubia'' ([[1943]]) رادوبيس * ''Perjuangan Tyba'' ([[1944]]) كفاح طيبة * ''Kairo Modern'' ([[1945]]) القاهرة الجديدة * ''Khan al-Khalili'' 1945 خان الخليلى * ''Lorong Midaq (novèl)'' ([[1947]]) زقاق المدق * ''Fatamorgana'' السراب * ''Awal lan Akhir'' ([[1950]]) '''بداية ونهاية''' * Trilogi Kairo ** ''Lorong Pura'' ([[1956]]) '''بين القصرين''' ** ''Pura Hasrat'' ([[1957]]) '''قصر الشوق''' ** ''Jalan Gendhis'' ([[1957]]) '''السكرية''' * ''Anak-anak Gebelawi'' ([[1959]]) '''أولاد حارتنا''' * ''Maling lan Asu-asu'' ([[1961]]) اللص والكلاب * ''Manuk Puyuh lan Mangsa Gugur'' ([[1962]]) السمان والخريف * ''Donya Allah'' ([[1962]]) دنيا الله * ''Zaabalawi'' ([[1963]]) * ''Pamadosan (novèl)'' ([[1964]]) الطريق * ''Pangemis'' ([[1965]]) الشحاذ * ''Kadampar ing Nil'' ([[1966]]) ثرثرة فوق النيل * ''Miramar (novèl)'' ([[1967]]) '''ميرامار''' * ''Kaca (novèl)'' ([[1972]]) المرايا * ''al-Karnak'' ([[1974]]) الكرنك * ''Tuan ingkang Kinurmatan'' ([[1975]]) حضرة المحترم * ''The Harafish'' ([[1977]]) '''ملحمة الحرافيش''' * ''Cinta lan Hejab'' ([[1980]]) * ''Ratri lan Siyang Arab'' ([[1981]]) ليالى ألف ليلة * ''Madah Palakrama'' ([[1981]]) * ''Lelampahaning Ibn Fattouma'' ([[1983]]) رحلة إبن فطومة * ''Akhenaten, ingkang Dunung ing Kaleresan'' ([[1985]]) العائش فى الحقيقة * ''Air Mancur lan Kubur]]'' ([[1988]])<ref>http://www.amazon.com/Naguib-Mahfouz/e/B000APYKVU</ref> == Cathetan suku == {{reflist}} * Alamgir Hashmi, ''The Worlds of Muslim Imagination'' (1986), ISBN 0-00-500407-1 * Rasheed El-Enany, ''Naguib Mahfouz: The Pursuit of Meaning'' (1993), ISBN 0-415-07395-2 == Pranala njaba == * [http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/mahfouz.htm Naguib Mahfouz dari Kalender Pengarang Pegasos] * [http://www.library.cornell.edu/colldev/mideast/mahfz.htm Biografi Cornell] * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/5297470.stm Laporan kematian BBC 30 Agustus 2006] {{Nobel Sastra}} [[Kategori:Lair 1911]] [[Kategori:Pati 2006]] [[Kategori:Pamenang Bebungah Nobel babagan sastra]] 5rsukyrx1cjsz4gc3x4d984vcxub5yk 0 97013 1752677 1703885 2026-08-14T06:44:42Z Vanguard Man 72249 Infobox airport Updated 1752677 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Airport |name = Papan Anggegana Internasional Husein Sastranagara |image = Husein Sastranegara Airport Logo.png |image-width = 250 |IATA = BDO |ICAO = WICC <center>{{Location map|Indonésia Java|width=200|float=center |caption=|mark=Airplane_silhouette.svg|marksize=10 |label=BDO|position=right |lat_deg=06|lat_min=54|lat_sec=02|lat_dir=S |lon_deg=107|lon_min=34|lon_sec=35|lon_dir=E }}<small>Location of airport in Java</small></center> |type = Publik/Militer |owner = |operator = [[Angkasa Pura|PT Angkasa Pura II]] |city-served = [[Bandung]] |location = [[Bandung]], [[Jawa Barat]], [[Indonésia]] |elevation-f = 2,436 |elevation-m = 742 |coordinates = {{coord|06|54|02|S|107|34|35|E|type:airport}} |website = |r1-number = 11/29 |r1-length-m = 2,244 |r1-length-f = 7,361 |r1-surface = [[Aspal]] |footnotes = |image2=Front of View Husein Sastranegara Airport.jpg|image2-width=300}} '''Papan Anggegana Internasional Husein Sastranagara''' inggih punika salah satunggaling papan anggegana ingkang dumunung ing [[Kota Bandung]], [[Jawa Barat]], [[Indonésia]]. Kajawi kanggé nglayani masarakat, papan anggegana punika ugi minangka salah satunggaling pangkalan angkatan udara [[TNI]]. Manawi dipuntingali wonten ing peta, papan anggegana umum badhé katingal ing sisih kilèn kidul lan militèr ing tengen kilèn kidul. Wonten ing sisih lèr landhas pacunipun saged katingal hanggar-hanggar kagunganipun [[Dirgantara Indonésia|PT. Dirgantara Indonésia]]. == Pajak Pelayanan Papan Anggegana == * Pajak domestik: Rp25.000,00/panumpang * Pajak internasional: Rp75.000,00/panumpang == Maskapé Penerbangan == [[Gambar:sriwijayaairbdg737.jpg|thumb|Sriwijaya Air lan Air Asia ingkang saweg siyap lepas landas ing Papan Anggegana Husein Sastranagara]] {{Airport-dest-list |[[AirAsia]]|Kuala Lumpur<ref>http://www.airasia.com/iwov-resources/my/common/pdf/AirAsia/flightschedule/AirAsiaBhdFlightScheduleReport.pdf</ref> |[[Citilink]]|Denpasar |[[Garuda Indonésia]]|Makassar, Surabaya |[[Indonésia AirAsia]]|Denpasar/Bali, Kuala Lumpur, Medan, Singapura, Surabaya, Pekanbaru |[[Lion Air]]|Banjarmasin, Batam, Denpasar/Bali, Medan, Surabaya, Banjarmasin |[[Merpati Nusantara Airlines]]|Bandar Lampung, Jakarta-Halim Perdanakusuma, Semarang, Surabaya, Yogyakarta |[[Pacific Royale Airways]]|Semarang |[[SilkAir]]|Singapura |[[Sriwijaya Air]]|Surabaya |[[Wings Air]]|Yogyakarta }} == Statistik == {| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:89%;" cellpadding=4 |+ '''Penerbangan paling rame medal saking Papan Anggegana Internasional Husein Sastranagara dhedhasar frekuensi''' |- bgcolor="#DDDDDD" ! |Peringkat|| |Tujuan|| |Frekuensi<br>(Mingguan)|| Maskapé penerbangan |- |1 |[[Image:Flag of Indonésia.svg|20px]] [[Papan Anggegana Internasional Juanda|Surabaya]] |49 |[[Garuda Indonésia]], [[Indonésia AirAsia]], [[Lion Air]]<br>Merpati Nusantara Airlines, [[Sriwijaya Air]] |- |- |2 |[[Image:Flag of Indonésia.svg|20px]] Denpasar/Bali |32 |Indonésia AirAsia, Lion Air, Merpati Nusantara Airlines, Citilink |- |- |3 |[[Image:Flag of Malaysia.svg|20px]] Kuala Lumpur |28 |AirAsia, Indonésia AirAsia<ref>http://www.airasia.com/iwov-resources/my/common/pdf/AirAsia/flightschedule/FullFlightScheduleReport_id_id.pdf</ref> |- |- |4 |[[Image:Flag of Singapore.svg|20px]] Singapura |24 |Batavia Air,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.batavia-air.com/etiket/?page=jadwal_penerbangan |title=Archive copy |access-date=2013-02-05 |archive-date=2013-01-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130122010441/http://www.batavia-air.com/etiket/?page=jadwal_penerbangan |url-status=dead }}</ref> Indonésia AirAsia, SilkAir<ref>http://www.silkair.com/mbe/Schedule/ScheduleSearch.jspx</ref> |- |- |5 |[[Image:Flag of Indonésia.svg|20px]] Medan |17 |Indonésia AirAsia, Lion Air |- |- |6 |[[Image:Flag of Indonésia.svg|20px]] Yogyakarta |14 |Merpati Nusantara Airlines, Wings Air |- |- |7 |[[Image:Flag of Indonésia.svg|20px]] Batam |10 |Lion Air, Sky Aviation |- |- |8 |[[Image:Flag of Indonésia.svg|20px]] Semarang |9 |Merpati Nusantara Airlines, Pacific Royale Airways |- |- |9 |[[Image:Flag of Indonésia.svg|20px]] Bandar Lampung |7 |Merpati Nusantara Airlines |- |10 |[[Image:Flag of Indonésia.svg|20px]] Pekanbaru |7 |Indonésia AirAsia |- |11 |[[Image:Flag of Indonésia.svg|20px]] Banjarmasin |7 |Lion Air |- |- |} == Sajarah == [[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Luchtfoto van het militaire vliegveld Andir bij Bandoeng met de ter gelegenheid van het eerste bezoek van de nieuwe Gouverneur-Generaal op een rij opgestelde vliegtuigen van het KNIL TMnr 60034232.jpg|thumb|300px|Pangkalan udara Andir di taun 1930-an]] Papan anggegana Husein Sastranagara dipunyasa [[Walanda]] ing jaman kolonial, wonten ing désa [[Andir]], [[Bandung]]. Lan nama [[Husein Sastranagara]] asalipun saking nama satunggaling perintis [[TNI-AU]] ingkang gadhah nama [[Husein Sastranagara]]. == Papan Anggegana Kertajati == Gubernur [[Jawa Barat]] mbiwarakaken bilih badhé kabangun papan anggegana énggal saperlu nggantosaken Papan Anggegana Internasional Husein Sastranagara, ingkang dipunsukani nama [[Papan Anggegana Internasional Bandung Majalengka|Papan Anggegana Internasional Jawa Barat]] (BIJB) ingkang dumunung ing Kertajati, [[Kabupatèn]] [[Majalengka]], sakitar 100 kilomèter (62 mil) sisih wétan [[Bandung]]. Rencana mau sampun pesthi nanging mandheg amargi prakawis jangka panjang lan kirangipun béya. Kajawi punika, rencana bersaing saweg dipunkembangaken saperlu papan anggegana énggal ing lokasi sanès, inggih punika wonten ing [[Karawang]] ingkang badhé ngrelokasi [[Papan Anggegana Internasional Soekarno Hatta|Papan Anggegana Soekarno Hatta]].<ref>[http://suarapengusaha.com/2012/08/14/wujudkan-papan anggegana-kertajati-gubernur-jawa-barat-geber-pembebasan-lahan/ Wujudkan Papan Anggegana Kertajati, Gubernur Jawa Barat Geber Pembebasan Lahan]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Cathetan suku == {{reflist}} {{Papan anggegana ing Indonésia}} [[Kategori:Papan anggegana ing Indonésia|Husein Sastranagara]] m7tltwv8se6zifredit7j5g7i0vyk5g 0 99281 1752649 1732361 2026-08-13T12:38:11Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1752649 wikitext text/x-wiki {{rapèkaké}} [[Gambar:Nrj.gif|thumb|NRJ Logo]] '''NRJ''' (akronim dipunwaos ''énergie'' wonten ing [[Basa Perancis]], {{IPA|e.nɛʁ.ʒi}}), minangka sawijining grup [[multimedia]] [[Perancis]] ingkang basisipun wonten ing [[Paris]]. Wiwit madegipun taun [[1981]] minangka stasiun radio [[musik pop]] [[budaya Perancis|Perancis]], NRJ ngrembaka lan éwah dados NRJ Group.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nrjgroup.fr/?page=209&lang=gb |title=Nrj Group - Accueil<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2013-03-22 |archive-date=2012-03-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120318131532/http://www.nrjgroup.fr/?page=209&lang=gb |url-status=dead }}</ref> Wiwit taun [[2002]], NRJ sampun dados stasiun radio musik paling populèr ing Perancis lan stasiun radio paling populèr angka 2 miturut cacahing pamireng lan saham pasaran; namung RTL ingkang gadhah kathah pamireng.<ref>http://www.nrj.com www.nrj.com</ref> NRJ Group sampun éwah saking stasiun radio dados mèrk [[stasiun radio]] [[periklanan komersial|komersial]] ing [[Éropa]]. Kagungan stasiun wonten ing [[Perancis]], [[Switserlan]], [[Ostenrik]], [[Bèlgi]], [[Jerman]], [[Dhènemarken]], [[Finlan]], [[Ruslan]], [[Swèdhen]], [[Ukraina]], [[Nurwègen]], [[Bulgaria]], [[Kaledonia Baru]], lan [[Lebanon]]. NRJ mainaken musik trendy kanggé pamireng ingkang taksih remaja. [[Slogan]]ipun "Hit music only". NRJ ugi ngoperasikaken [[NRJ 12]], stasiun télévisi musik NRJ Hits ing Perancis. Kathah-kathahipun stasiun kanthi mèrk NRJ dipunoperasikaken déning NRJ Group, nanging sapérangan stasiun gadhah lisénsi, kados versi Bulgaria, ingkang dipunoperasikaken déning Communicorp. Wonten ing Perancis NRJ Group ngoperasikaken sekawan stasiun radio ingkang kapisah: NRJ, Nostalgie, Chérie FM lan Rire & Chansons.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nrjgroup.fr/?page=208 |title=Nrj Group - Accueil<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2013-03-22 |archive-date=2016-03-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313032240/http://nrjgroup.fr/?page=208 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Taun 1989 NRJ kadhaptar wonten ing Pasar Angka 2 [[Bursa Saham Paris]] lan terus minggah, dugi Pasar Angka 1 ing taun 2000 sasampuning ngempalaken malih sadaya astipun dhateng NRJ Group.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nrjgroup.fr/?page=209 |title=Nrj Group - Accueil<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2013-03-22 |archive-date=2016-03-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307102750/http://nrjgroup.fr/?page=209 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Wonten ing [[Basa Perancis]], pangucapan '''NRJ''' lan '''Energy''' (''énergie'') mirib, lan swanranipun mirib kaliyan tembung [[Energi|Energy]] wonten ing [[basa Inggris]]. == Internasional == Kanthi stasiun ''NRJ/ENERGY'' [[pan-Éropa]]-nipun, NRJ Group Paris sampun mlebet ing pasaran radio Éropa kanthi mbédakaken dhiri saking pambédan juru main pasar kados [http://www.rtl.com/ RTL Group] ([http://www.antenne.de/ Antenne Bayern], [http://104.6rtl.com/ RTL Berlin], [http://www.yorinfm.nl/ Yorin FM] in portfolio), lan [http://www.sbsradio.com/ SBS Broadcasting] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130325234418/http://www.sbsradio.com/ |date=2013-03-25 }} ([http://www.radio1.no/ Radio 1 Norway], [http://www.thevoice.com/ The Voice] in portfolio) utawi [[Stockholm]]-based [http://www.mtg.se/ MTG] ([http://www.p4.no/ P4 Norway], [http://www.rixfm.com/ Rix FM], [http://www.lugnafavoriter.com/ Lugna Favoriter] wonten ing portofolio). Wiwit tanggal [[6]] [[Juni]] [[2006]] NRJ sampun nindakaken operasi wonten ing wewengkon [[Lebanon]] kanggé miyaraken pamirengipun lan ugi prabawaipun. Sedaya operasi internasional NRJ kapusataken wonten ing stasiun [[radio hit kontemporer]] (kanthi slogan ingkang sami, [[jingle]], swara, lan sanès-sanèsipun) déné para pesaingipun sami ngupaya damel mèrk radio lokal kanthi manéka format radio, mendhet kauntungan saking idéntitas lokal pamirengipun. == Cathetan suku == {{reflist}} == Pranala njaba == * [http://www.nrjgroup.com NRJ Group] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061028233735/http://www.nrjgroup.com/ |date=2006-10-28 }} ** [http://www.nrj.com/ NRJ.com] *** {{flagicon|Ostenrik}} [http://www.energy.at ENERGY Austria] *** {{flagicon|Bèlgi}} [http://www.nrj.be NRJ Belgium] *** {{flagicon|Rumeni}} [http://www.nrj.srv.ro NRJ Romania] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080324044435/http://www.nrj.srv.ro/ |date=2008-03-24 }} *** {{flagicon|Bulgaria}} [http://www.nrj.bg NRJ Bulgaria] *** {{flagicon|Dhènemarken}} [http://www.nrj.dk NRJ Denmark] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080611133654/http://www.nrj.dk/ |date=2008-06-11 }} *** {{flagicon|Finlan}} [http://www.nrj.fi NRJ Finland] *** {{flagicon|Prancis}} [http://www.nrj.fr NRJ France] *** {{flagicon|Ukraina}} [http://www.nrj.com.ua NRJ Ukraine] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121028144623/http://www.nrj.com.ua/ |date=2012-10-28 }} *** {{flagicon|Jerman}} [http://www.energy.de ENERGY Germany] *** {{flagicon|Guadeloupe}} [http://gp.nrjantilles.com/ NRJ Guadeloupe] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080616090939/http://gp.nrjantilles.com/ |date=2008-06-16 }} *** {{flagicon|Martinique}} [http://mq.nrjantilles.com/ NRJ Martinique] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080616091006/http://mq.nrjantilles.com/ |date=2008-06-16 }} *** {{flagicon|Lebanon}} [http://www.rml.com.lb NRJ Lebanon] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130816091716/http://www.rml.com.lb/ |date=2013-08-16 }} *** {{flagicon|Kaledonia Baru}} [http://www.nrj.nc NRJ New Caledonia] *** {{flagicon|Nurwègen}} [http://www.energy.no ENERGY Norway] *** {{flagicon|Ruslan}} [http://energyfm.ru NRJ Russia] *** {{flagicon|Swèdhen}} [http://www.nrj.se NRJ Sweden] *** {{flagicon|Switserlan}} [http://www.nrjleman.com NRJ Switzerland] [http://www.energyzueri.ch ENERGY Switzerland] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080612102151/http://www.energyzueri.ch/ |date=2008-06-12 }} * [http://www.andyk.com/nrj.html Planet NRJ] fansite {{CAC Mid 100}} [[Kategori:Stasiun radio]] [[Kategori:Prancis]] [[bg:Energy]] [[ca:NRJ]] [[da:NRJ]] [[fi:NRJ]] [[no:NRJ]] [[pt:NRJ]] [[sv:NRJ]] 683vtxow5i14m4gny0ai8vnvycl4zru 0 147934 1752661 1673560 2026-08-13T19:43:13Z Zafer 23982 Photo changed 1752661 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Marco Asensio | image = Marco Asensio 10 Fenerbahçe 20260805 (4) (cropped).JPG | image_size = 250px | caption = Marco Asensio wekdal main ing [[Fenerbahçe S.K.|Fenerbahçe]] taun 2026| fullname = Marco Asensio Willemsen<ref name="internet5">[http://www.fifadata.com/documents/FCWC/2017/pdf/FCWC_2017_Squadlists.pdf| title=FIFA Club World Cup UAE 2017: List of players: Real Madrid CF|publisher=FIFA.com](dipunundhuh tanggal 6 Januari 2018)</ref> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1996|1|21|df=y}}<ref name="internet5"/> | birth_place = [[Palma, Majorca|Palma]], Spain | height = 1.80 m<ref name="internet5"/> | position = [[Midfielder#Attacking midfielder|Attacking midfielder]] / [[Midfielder#Winger|Winger]] | currentclub = [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] | clubnumber = 20 | youthyears1 = 2003–2006 | youthclubs1 = Platges de Calvià | youthyears2 = 2006–2013 | youthclubs2 = [[RCD Mallorca|Mallorca]] | years1 = 2013–2014 | clubs1 = [[RCD Mallorca B|Mallorca B]] | caps1 = 14 | goals1 = 3 | years2 = 2013–2014 | clubs2 = [[RCD Mallorca|Mallorca]] | caps2 = 37 | goals2 = 4 | years3 = 2014– | clubs3 = [[Real Madrid C.F.|Real Madrid]] | caps3 = 172 | goals3 = 29 | years4 = 2014–2015 | clubs4 = → [[RCD Mallorca|Mallorca]] (silihan) | caps4 = 19 | goals4 = 3 | years5 = 2015–2016 | clubs5 = → [[RCD Espanyol|Espanyol]] (silihan) | caps5 = 34 | goals5 = 4 <!--ONLY LEAGUE APPS AND GOALS--> | nationalyears1 = 2012 | nationalteam1 = [[Spain national under-16 football team|Spanyol U16]] | nationalcaps1 = 2 | nationalgoals1 = 0 | nationalyears2 = 2014–2015 | nationalteam2 = [[Spain national under-19 football team|Spanyol U19]] | nationalcaps2 = 12 | nationalgoals2 = 8 | nationalyears3 = 2015–2017 | nationalteam3 = [[Spain national under-21 football team|Spanyol U21]] | nationalcaps3 = 18 | nationalgoals3 = 7 | nationalyears4 = 2016–saiki | nationalteam4 = [[Spain national football team|Spanyol]] | nationalcaps4 = 35 | nationalgoals4 = 2 | club-update = 21:57, 22 Januari 2023 (UTC) | nationalteam-update = 20:11, 6 Dhésèmber 2022 (UTC) }} '''Marco Asensio Willemsen''' (born 21 January 1996) inggih punika satunggaling juru main [[bal-balan]] profésional [[Spanyol]] minangka gelandhang serang ingkang samenika main ing klub [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] lan Tim Nasional Bal-balan [[Spanyol]].<ref name="internet3">[http://www.fifadata.com/documents/FCWC/2017/pdf/FCWC_2017_Squadlists.pdf title=FIFA Club World Cup UAE 2017: List of players: Real Madrid CF] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171223004345/http://www.fifadata.com/documents/FCWC/2017/pdf/FCWC_2017_Squadlists.pdf |date=2017-12-23 }}(dipunundhuh tanggal 6 Januari 2018)]</ref> Lair ing [[Palma, Majorca]], [[KapuloanBalearic|Kapuloan Balearic]] saking ibu trah [[Walanda]] lan bapak [[Spanyol]],<ref name="internet4">[http://www.diariodemallorca.es/rcd-mallorca/2014/08/27/seguido-meses-elite-europea/957496.html#.WvF3Ai7wdPdgguL title=Seguido desde hace meses por la élite europea](dipunundhuh tanggal 6 Januari 2018)]</ref> Asensio gabung kaliyan klub [[RCD Mallorca]] ing taun 2006 saking klub CF Platges de Calvià.<ref name="internetchafid"/> Ibunipun ingkang asma Maria Willemsen, tilar donya amargi gerah kangker wekdal Asensio umur 15 taun.<ref name="internetchafid">[https://okdiario.com/real-madrid/futbol/primer-equipo/2016/08/16/asensio-no-pudo-contener-lagrimas-recordar-madre-37274 title=Asensio no pudo contener las lágrimas al recordar a su madre](dipunundhuh tanggal 6 Januari 2018)]</ref> ==Karir klub== ===Mallorca=== Sasampunipun nimba ilmu ing Real Madrid lan FC Barcelona, ​ Asensio miwiti debut senior ing klub Mallorca mangsa 2013-14 ing liga Tercera División.<ref name="chafid1">[http://www.diariodemallorca.es/deportes/2013/02/25/madrid-barca-pugnan-asensio/828920.html title=Madrid Barca pugnan Asensio](dipunundhuh tanggal 6 Januari 2018)]</ref> Sanajan taksih junior ing tim; tanggal 27 Oktober 2013 Asensio main kanthi saé kanggé tim utama Mallorca, main enem menit terakhir wekdal kalah 1-3 mengsah Recreativo de Huelva kanggé kejuwaraan Segunda División.<ref name="chafid">[http://www.marca.com/2013/10/27/futbol/2adivision/1382878841.html title=Linares reafirma el liderato del Decano](dipunundhuh tanggal 6 Januari 2018)]</ref> == Rujukan == == Pranala njawi == [[Kategori:Lair 1996]] [[Kategori:Pamain bal-balan Spanyol]] [[Kategori:Pamain bal-balan]] kcns59b5xixc7i8uw3pynzozadavb5h 0 172168 1752657 1550176 2026-08-13T18:03:01Z ~2026-44528-84 74046 /* */ 1752657 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox food|name=Gulab jamun|image=Gulaab Jamun (homemade!) bright.jpg|image_size=250px|caption=Gulab jamun topped with almond slivers|alternate_name=Gulab jaman ([[Northern India]]/[[Pakistan]]), lal mohan ([[North India]]/[[Nepal]]), Gulap jam/Kala Jam ([[Odisha]]), kalojam ([[Eastern India]]/[[Bangladesh]]), gulaabujaanu in [[Maldives]]|region=[[Indian subcontinent]], [[Mauritius]], [[Fiji]], southern and eastern [[Africa]], the [[Caribbean]], the [[Malay Peninsula]]|country=[[Indian subcontinent]]|course=[[Dessert]]|served=Hot, cold, or either at room temperature|main_ingredient=[[Khoa]], [[saffron]]|variations=[[Pantua]], [[kalo jam]]|calories=|other=}}'''Gulab jamun''' (uga dieja '''gulaab jamun''' ) yaiku sawijining jajanan kang manis - adhedhasar susu saka bawana India, lan jinis ''mithai,'' populer ing [[Olah-olahan India|India]], Nepal, Pakistan (ing endi diarani '''gulab jamun''' ), [[Maladéwa|Maladewa]] (ing endi '''dununge''' ) dikenal minangka '''gulaabujaanu''' ), lan Bangladesh (ing endi kondhang minangka '''gulab jam)'''{{Butuh sitiran|date=October 2020}} ), uga Myanmar . Uga umum ing negara-negara kanthi populasi akeh sing duwe warisan Asia Kidul, kaya ta [[Mauritius]], [[Fiji]], Semenanjung Melayu, Inggris Raya, [[Afrika Kidul|Afrika Selatan]], lan negara-negara [[Karibia]] [[Trinidad lan Tobago]], (ing endi diarani '''rasgulla''' ), [[Guyana]], lan [[Suriname]] . Utamane digawe saka padatan susu, tradisional saka khoya, yaiku susu sing dikurangi dadi konsistensi adonan sing empuk. Resep modern sing saiki mbutuhake susu sing garing utawa bubuk tinimbang khoya. Iki asring dihiasi nganggo kacang garing kaya ta almond lan mete kanggo nambah rasa. [[File:Canned Gulab Jamun.jpg|thumb|Gulab jamun kaleng]] [[Kategori:Gorèngan]] c51q0vjgvsvtas16jqvvg1d67eo2ww5 0 174813 1752652 1730707 2026-08-13T13:45:21Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1752652 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Barkas:Nshima_and_Beef_Relish_from_Proteas_Hotel,_Chingola,_Zambia.jpg|al=Nshima and beef relish from Proteas Hotel, Chingola, Zambia.|jmpl|300x300px| [[Nshima]] lan daging sapi nyenengake saka Proteas Hotel, Chingola, Zambia.]] '''Masakan Zambia''' pancen pusaté ing nshima, <ref name="Kapambwe">{{Cite web|url=https://theculturetrip.com/africa/zambia/articles/9-traditional-foods-you-must-eat-while-youre-in-zambia/|title=9 Traditional Foods You Must Eat While You're in Zambia|last=Kapambwe|first=Mazuba|website=Culture Trip|access-date=2020-05-24|archive-date=2021-05-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210503213840/https://theculturetrip.com/africa/zambia/articles/9-traditional-foods-you-must-eat-while-youre-in-zambia/|url-status=dead}}</ref> yaiku panganan sing disiapake saka [[jagung]] putih sing ditumbuk. Nshima minangka bagean saka meh kabeh panganan ing [[Zambia]] . Saliyane nshima, masakan Zambia kalebu macem-macem jinis [[Godhogan|rebusan]], [[Janganan|sayuran]] mateng lan macem-macem jinis [[bir]] . Iwak garing lan serangga uga dipangan. [[Panganan pokok|Panganan pokok ing]] Zambia yaiku [[jagung]] . <ref>{{Cite book|url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=funk&AN=ZA001200&site=ehost-live|title=Funk & Wagnalls New World Encyclopedia|publisher=World Book Inc.|year=2017|location=Chicago|url-access=subscription|via=EBSCOhost}}</ref> [[Nshima]] dadi komponen utama panganan Zambia lan digawe saka jagung putih sing ditumbuk. <ref name=":03">{{Cite web|url=https://www.mushemifire.com/baked-under-the-zambian-sun-interview-with-mushemi-fire/|title=Baked Under The Zambian Sun - Interview with Mushemi Fire - Mushemi Fire|website=Meshemi Fire|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160503030620/https://www.mushemifire.com/baked-under-the-zambian-sun-interview-with-mushemi-fire/|archive-date=3 May 2016|access-date=2018-02-17}}</ref> {{Sfn|Else|2002}} Diolah nganggo "rasa", rebus lan sayuran lan dipangan nganggo tangan (luwih becik tangan tengen). {{Sfn|Else|2002}} Nshima dipangan nalika nedha awan lan nedha bengi. <ref name=":12">{{Cite web|url=http://www.hungerforculture.com/?page_id=591|title=Nshima and Ndiwo: Zambian Staple Food|last=Tembo|first=Mwizenge S.|website=Hunger For Culture|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224091611/http://www.hungerforculture.com/?page_id=591|archive-date=24 February 2017|access-date=2018-02-18}}</ref> Nshima bisa digawe ing omah, ing kios panganan lan ing restoran. {{Sfn|Else|2002}} {{Sfn|Else|2002}} Ing komunitas tradhisional, nggawe nshima minangka proses sing dawa, yaiku kalebu ngeringake jagung, ngurutake kernel, numbuk banjur pungkasane masak. <ref name=":02">{{Cite web|url=http://www.peoplesoftheworld.org/hosted/chewa/|title=The Chewa|last=Gough|first=Amy|date=2004|publisher=The Peoples of The World Foundation|access-date=18 February 2018|archive-date=22 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191222121847/http://www.peoplesoftheworld.org/hosted/chewa/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Referensi == [[Kategori:Olah-olahan miturut buwana]] ge2tisandcmnupp0r8iw5dv8s257aeh 0 196694 1752670 1748126 2026-08-14T03:37:06Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1752670 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox religious biography|name={{PAGENAME}}|honorific-suffix=<!-- Hanya gelar kehormatan/kenegaraan (non-akademis) -->|image=Yazid bin Abdul Qadir Jawas.png|image_size=|other_names=Yazid Jawas, Yazid bin Abdil Qadir Jawas|caption=Yazid bin Abdil Qadir Jawas di [[Lampung]], 2020|birth_name=Yazid|birth_date={{birth year and age|1963}}|birth_place=[[Karanganyar, Kebumen]], [[Jawa Tengah]], Indonesia|death_date=11 Juli 2024|death_place=Bogor|death_cause=Sakit|occupation={{hlist|[[Ustaz]]|penulis}}|title=|predecessor=|successor=|party=|religion=[[Islam]]|denomination=[[Sunni]]|spouse=|partner=|children=|relations=|alma_mater=[[Universitas Islam Imam Muhammad bin Saud]]<ref name=yazid1/><br>[[Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Islam dan Arab]]|website=|footnotes=|known_for=Pembina [[Radio Rodja]] dan Pondok Pesantren Minhajus Sunnah Bogor|influences=[[Muhammad bin Shalih al-Utsaimin]]|movement=[[Salafiyah]]}} '''Yazid bin Abdul Qadir Jawas''', Lc. (lair 1963, séda 11 Juli 2024<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fotodakwah.com/2024/07/innalilahi-wa-inna-ilaihi-rajiun-telah.html|title=innalilahi wa Inna ilaihi Raji'un, telah meninggal dunia Ustad Yazid Bin Abdul Qadir Jawas tanggal 11 Juli 2024|date=2024-07-11|website=Foto Dakwah|access-date=2024-07-11|archive-date=2024-07-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240711072322/https://www.fotodakwah.com/2024/07/innalilahi-wa-inna-ilaihi-rajiun-telah.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>) ya iku sastrawan, dhosen, ustaz, lan ''pendakwah'' [[Sunni]] saka Indonésia. Ing Indonesia, ceramah Yazid asring digandhengake karo gerakan [[Salafiyah]] ultra-konservatif.<ref name="yazid1">{{Cite web|url=https://uloom.id/speaker/yazid-bin-abdul-qadir-jawas/|title=Yazid bin Abdul Qadir Jawas - Dalam Mendakwahkan Sunnah|website=Uloom Indonesia|language=id-ID|access-date=2022-08-16|archive-date=2023-04-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404220648/https://uloom.id/speaker/yazid-bin-abdul-qadir-jawas/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Dhèwèké uga misuwur nulis buku agama [[Islam]] ing [[Basa Indhonésia|basa Indonésia]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://fajar.co.id/2021/05/31/ini-sosok-ustaz-yazid-jawas-ternyata-bukan-sembarang-ustaz/|title=Ini Sosok Ustaz Yazid Jawas, Ternyata Bukan Sembarang Ustaz!|last=Hamka|date=2021-05-31|website=FAJAR|language=id-ID|access-date=2022-08-16|archive-date=2023-04-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405024131/https://fajar.co.id/2021/05/31/ini-sosok-ustaz-yazid-jawas-ternyata-bukan-sembarang-ustaz/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ceramah-ceramahe kang dianggep kontrovèrsial iku ateges Yazid kerep nampa kritik saka sapérangan umat Islam Indonésia.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tirto.id/jaringan-dakwah-salafi-wahabi-di-bogor-ckeK|title=Jaringan Dakwah Salafi/Wahabi di Bogor|last=Salam|first=Fahri|website=tirto.id|language=id|access-date=2022-08-16}}</ref> == Urip awal == Nalika miwiti pendhidhikan, Yazid kacathet minangka lulusan LIPIA lan dadi murid saka Abdur Razaq bin Abdul Muhsin al-Abbad, profesor saka Universitas Islam Madinah.<ref name="الباب الثالث تفسري آية الكرسي عندحسني انفارين ويزيد عبد القدير جواس">{{Cite journal|last=Zakrin Roya Anna|date=2017|editor-first=Saif|title=Interpretation of Ayat al-Kursi according to Hosni Anvarin al-Banjari and Yazid Abd Al-Qadir Jawas Al-Buguri|url=https://idr.uin-antasari.ac.id/16773/6/BAB%20III.pdf|language=Ar|publisher=Antasari State Islamic University Banjarmasin (Universitas Islam Negeri Antasari Banjarmasin - Kampus I); [[Banjarmasin]]|page=13|access-date=23 November 2023|quote=2.يزيد عبدالقدير جواس يزيد عبد القادر جواس هو مبلغيف إندونيسي،املعروف أنه منتبه جدا يف نشر السنة.وهو خريج من ليبا(LIPIA)جاكرات وطالب يف الربوفيسور الدكتور الشيخ عبد الرزاق(ُماضر الدين يف اجلامعة اإلسالمية يف املدينة املنورة).18 ولديزيد عبد القادر جواسيفكاراْنانري (Karanganyar)،كيبومن(Kebumen)،جاوة الوسطى،149م يزيدعبدالقادرجواسلهعالقةطالببعاملامسهالشيخدمحمبنصاحلالعثيمني.كمامسُح}}</ref> Yazid uga dikenal sinau karo Muhammad bin Shalih al-Utsaimin, ulama [[Sunni]] saka [[Mekah]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fotodakwah.com/2021/10/biografi-ustad-yazid-bin-abdul-qodir.html|title=Biografi Ustad Yazid Bin Abdul Qodir Jawas|website=Foto Dakwah|access-date=2022-08-16|archive-date=2023-04-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404161556/https://www.fotodakwah.com/2021/10/biografi-ustad-yazid-bin-abdul-qodir.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Yazid uga kacarita wis nguwasani kitab ''Bulughul Maram'' anggitane [[Ibnu Hajar Al 'Asqalani|Ibnu Hajar]], sing nalika iku diklaim mung sawetara wong sing bisa nguwasani kitab iki.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ayat-kursi.com/2017/01/siapa-sebenarnya-ustadz-yazid-bin-abdul.html|title=Siapa Sebenarnya Ustadz Yazid bin Abdul Qadir Jawas?|language=id|access-date=2022-08-16}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://biografi-tokoh-ternama.blogspot.com/2018/11/biografi-ustadz-yazid-bin-abdul-qadir-jawas.html|title=Biografi Ustadz Yazid bin Abdul Qadir Jawas - BIOGRAFI TOKOH TERNAMA|website=Biografi Ustadz Yazid bin Abdul Qadir Jawas - BIOGRAFI TOKOH TERNAMA|access-date=2022-08-16}}</ref> == Kegiatan == Yazid saiki mbangun [[Pesantrèn|Pondok Pesantren]] ing [[Dramaga, Bogor|wilayah Dramaga, Bogor]], yaiku Pondok Pesantren Minhajus Sunnah.<ref name="Dar al-Islam institue">{{Cite web|url=https://islamhouse.com/ar/author/8466/|title=2006|date=2006|website=Yazid ibn Abd al-Qadir Jawas / يزيد عبد القادر جواس|publisher=Dar al-Islam association; Riyadh|access-date=23 November 2023|quote=وله معهد علمي في إندونيسيا المسمى بمعهد منهاج السنة.}}</ref> Kejaba sibuk karo kegiatan piwulangan kanggo [[Santri|para santri]] ing pesantren, dhèwèké uga aktif dadi narasumber ing Radio Rodja lan menehi pengajian rutin lan tabligh akbar ing maneka warna kutha ing Indonesia.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://journal.uinjkt.ac.id/index.php/dakwah/article/download/12066/pdf|title=Radio Rodja: Kontestasi Ideologi Salafi di Ranah Siaran|website=journal.uinjkt.ac.id|access-date=2023-06-24}}</ref> Yazid uga akeh nulis buku agama Islam ing [[Basa Indhonésia|basa Indonesia]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Safi'i|first=Mochamad Nur|date=2020-08-18|title=Konsep tauhid salafi dalam Buku Mulia dengan manhaj salaf karya Yazid Bin Abdul Qadir Jawaz: analisis Hermeneutika Hans-Georg Gadamer|url=https://digilib.uinsby.ac.id/44829/|dead-url=yes|language=en|publisher=UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809055524/https://digilib.uinsby.ac.id/44829/|archive-date=2022-08-09|access-date=2022-08-16}}</ref> == Kritikus == Yazid dipuntudhuh déning sapérangan umat Islam Indonésia minangka penganut aliran Islam puritan lan asring dipunsebat [[Wahhabisme|Wahhabi]] . Para kritikus Yazid cenderung nyebut dhèwèké minangka pengikut sekte Islam sing puritan, kasar lan ketat banget.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://populis.id/read17308/ustaz-yazid-yang-mengharamkan-bedug-ternyata-orang-wahabi|title=Ustaz Yazid Yang Mengharamkan Bedug, Ternyata Orang Wahabi?|last=Populis|website=Populis|language=id|access-date=2022-09-23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kompasiana.com/generasi/54f99c92a33311d7588b4a32/tablig-akbar-yazid-jawas-di-samarinda-dihadang-gerakan-nasional-anti-kekerasan-intoleransigenerasi|title=Tablig Akbar Yazid Jawas di Samarinda Dihadang Gerakan Nasional Anti Kekerasan & Intoleransi-Generasi-|last=Kompasiana.com|date=2014-06-27|website=KOMPASIANA|language=id|access-date=2022-09-23}}</ref> Iki bisa uga amarga Yazid nentang sikap ''taqlid'' sing miturut dhèwèké nyebabake akeh karusakan kanggo umat Islam Indonesia. Nanging, saklompok Muslim uga ngalem Yazid lan disebut wong sing pinter lan dhuwur kawruh.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Alifah|first=Nurul Faizatul|date=2019|title=Penafsiran Kelompok Salafi terhadap Ayat-Ayat Tauhid (Studi Tokoh Yazid bin Abdul Qadir Jawas Syarh ‘Aqidah Ahlus Sunnah wal Jama’ah)|url=http://repository.iainkudus.ac.id/4605/|language=en|publisher=IAIN Kudus|access-date=2024-07-11|archive-date=2023-06-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603075531/http://repository.iainkudus.ac.id/4605/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Salah sawijining bukune, ''Mulia karo Manhaj Salaf'', nyebabake kontroversi ing Indonesia. Pendiri Front Pembela Islam lan dosen Islam Indonesia, [[Habib Rizieq|Rizieq Shihab]] ngritik buku iki. Rizieq Shihab uga mratelakake yen Indonesia, Malaysia lan Brunei minangka negara sing mayoritas pendhudhuke nganut agama Asy'ari, uga kudu duwe undang-undang sing nglarang panyebaran Wahhabisme.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.islamtimes.org/vdcbsgbfwrhbfgp.qnur.html|title=Habib Rizieq Syihab Larang Wahabi di Indonesia|date=12 December 2013|work=Islam Times|access-date=10 September 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215050621/http://www.islamtimes.org/vdcbsgbfwrhbfgp.qnur.html|archive-date=15 December 2013|language=id}}</ref> == Karyo == # {{Cite book|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/957349905|title=Prinsip dasar Islam: menurut al-Qur-an dan as-sunnah yang shahih|last=Jawas|first=Yazid bin Abdul Qadir|date=2005|publisher=Pustaka al-Taqwa|isbn=979-96628-4-2|language=id|trans-title=The basic principles of Islam: according to the authentic Al-Qur'an and As-Sunna|oclc=957349905}} # {{Cite book|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/949718641|title=Mulia dengan Manhaj Salaf|last=Yazid|first=Abdul Qadir|date=2008|publisher=Pustaka at-Taqwa|isbn=978-979-16611-3-3|language=id|trans-title=exalted with Manhaj Salaf|oclc=949718641}} # {{Cite book|url=https://ibnumajjah.files.wordpress.com/2017/10/dzikir-petang-slide.pdf|title=Dzikir pagi dan petang dan sesudah shalat fardhu menurut Al-Qur'an dan As-Sunnah yang shahih|last=Jawas|first=Yazid bin Abdul Qadir|date=2005|publisher=Pustaka Imam asy-Syafi'i|isbn=979-3536-32-2|location=Bogor|language=id|trans-title=Morning and evening dhikr and after obligatory prayers according to the authentic Qur'an and As-Sunna}} # {{Cite book|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/949744119|title=Syarah Aqidah Ahl al-Sunna wa al-Jama'a|last=Jawas|first=Yazid Abdul Qadir|date=2012|publisher=Pustaka Imam As-Syafi'i|isbn=978-979-3536-64-4|language=id|oclc=949744119}} # {{Cite book|title=Jihad: Dalam Syariat Islam dan Penerapannya di Masa Kini|last=Jawas|first=Yazid bin Abdul Qadir|date=2015|publisher=Pustaka Asy-Syafi'i|isbn=978-602-9183-93-1|language=id|trans-title=Jihad: In Islamic Sharia and Its Application in the Present}} # {{Cite book|url=https://inlislite.uin-suska.ac.id/opac/detail-opac?id=22435|title=Syarah kitab tauhid : memahami dan merealisasikan tauhid dalam kehidupan|last=Yazid|first=Abdul Qadir|date=2018|publisher=Pustaka at-Taqwa|isbn=9786029183993|language=id|trans-title=explanation of the book of monotheism: understanding and realizing monotheism in life|access-date=2024-07-11|archive-date=2024-07-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240711144812/https://inlislite.uin-suska.ac.id/opac/detail-opac?id=22435|url-status=dead}} # {{Cite book|url=https://inlislite.uin-suska.ac.id/opac/detail-opac?id=22452|title=penjelasan arba'in an-nawawi : Memuat 42 hadits nabi Muhammad SAW tentang fondasi ajaran Islam dan faedah-faedahnya|last=Yazid|first=Abdul Qadir|date=2018|publisher=Pustaka at-Taqwa|isbn=978-602-8062-80-0|language=id|trans-title=Arba'in an-nawawi's explanation: Contains 42 hadiths of the Prophet Muhammad PBUH about the foundation of Islamic teachings and their benefits|access-date=2024-07-11|archive-date=2024-07-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240712045120/https://inlislite.uin-suska.ac.id/opac/detail-opac?id=22452|url-status=dead}} # {{Cite book|url=https://inlislite.uin-suska.ac.id/opac/detail-opac?id=24272|title=Birrul walidain : berbakti kepada kedua orang tua|last=Yazid|first=Abdul Qadir|date=2018|publisher=Pustaka at-Taqwa|isbn=9786029183856|language=id|trans-title=Birrul walidain: devoted to both parents|access-date=2024-07-11|archive-date=2024-07-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240711074704/https://inlislite.uin-suska.ac.id/opac/detail-opac?id=24272|url-status=dead}} # {{Cite book|url=https://onesearch.id/Record/IOS6.INLIS000000000005208?widget=1#holdings|title=Kedudukan As-Sunnah dalam Syariat Islam|last=Yazid|first=Abdul Qadir|date=2005|publisher=Pustaka at-Taqwa|isbn=9789799662859|language=id|trans-title=The Position of As-Sunnah in Islamic Sharia}} # {{Cite book|url=https://onesearch.id/Record/IOS6.INLIS000000000005789?widget=1|title=Tauhid Jalan Menuju Keadilan dan Kemakmuran|last=Yazid|first=Abdul Qadir|date=2008|publisher=Media Tarbiyah|isbn=9789792658637|language=id|trans-title=Monotheism is the Path to Justice and Prosperity}} # {{Cite book|url=https://onesearch.id/Record/IOS13001.slims-20880?widget=1#holdings|title=Hukum,Lagu, Musik dan Nasyd|last=Yazid|first=Abdul Qadir|date=2015|publisher=Pustaka At-Taqwa|isbn=9789792658316|language=id|trans-title=Law, Songs, Music and Nasheed}} # {{Cite book|url=https://onesearch.id/Record/IOS13473.INLIS000000000010321?widget=1|title=Zadul Ma'ad|last=Yazid|first=Abdul Qadir|date=2016|isbn=9789792658316|language=id|trans-title=[[Zad al-Ma'ad]]}} # {{Cite book|url=https://onesearch.id/Record/IOS6.INLIS000000000005199?widget=1|title=Taubat & Do`a Pelebur Dosa|last=Yazid|first=Abdul Qadir|date=2005|publisher=Media Tarbiyah|language=id|trans-title=Repentance and Prayer for Sin Removal}} # {{Cite book|url=https://onesearch.id/Record/IOS13916.BHATT-00000000063927?widget=1|title=Syarah rukun Islam|last=Yazid|first=Abdul Qadir|date=2008|publisher=Media Tarbiyah|isbn=9789792658484|language=id|trans-title=Explanation of the pillars of Islam}} # {{Cite book|url=https://onesearch.id/Record/IOS1.INLIS000000000267936?widget=1|title=[Jihad] : kedudukan jihad dalam syariat Islam|last=Yazid|first=Abdul Qadir|date=2007|publisher=Pustaka Al-Ilmu|language=id|trans-title=[Jihad]: the position of jihad in Islamic law}} # {{Cite book|url=https://onesearch.id/Record/IOS13438.INLIS000000000027917?widget=1|title=Sebaik-baik amal adalah Sholat|last=Yazid|first=Abdul Qadir|date=2007|publisher=penerbit at-Taqwa|isbn=9789799662880|language=id|trans-title=The best deed is prayer}} # {{Cite book|url=http://senayan.iain-palangkaraya.ac.id/index.php?p=show_detail&id=6525|title=Takwa : Jalan Menuju Sukses Abadi (Surga disediakan bagi Orang Bertakwa)|last=Yazid|first=Abdul Qadir|date=2009|publisher=Pustaka At-Taqwa|isbn=97897916611164|language=id|trans-title=Taqwa: The Path to Eternal Success (Heaven is prepared for the Pious)}}{{Pranala mati|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} # {{Cite book|url=https://onesearch.id/Record/IOS13503.INLIS000000000005271?widget=1#holdings|title=Ritual Sunnah Setahun.Panduan Amalan Pribadi Muslim 24 Jam|last=Yazid|first=Abdul Qadir|date=2012|publisher=Media Tarbiyah|language=id|trans-title=Sunnah Rituals for a Year. 24 Hour Muslim Personal Practice Guide}} # {{Cite book|url=https://onesearch.id/Record/IOS14730.INLIS000000000009532?widget=1|title=Tauba kewajiba seumur hidup|last=Yazid|first=Abdul Qadir|date=2012|publisher=Pustaka Khazanah Fawa'id|language=id|trans-title=Repentance is a lifelong obligation}} # {{Cite book|url=https://catalog.umj.ac.id/index.php?p=show_detail&id=49436|title=Amar Ma'ruf Nahi Munkar ; Menurut Ahlus Sunnah Wal Jama'ah|last=Yazid|first=Abdul Qadir|date=2017|publisher=Depok Fathan Prima Media|isbn=978-979-16611-8-8|language=id|trans-title=[[Enjoining good and forbidding wrong]]; According to Ahlus Sunnah Wal Jama'ah|access-date=2024-07-11|archive-date=2024-07-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240711074649/https://catalog.umj.ac.id/index.php?p=show_detail&id=49436|url-status=dead}} # {{Cite book|url=https://perpustakaan.pangkalpinangkota.go.id/opac/detail-opac?id=326|title=Ar Rasail Jilid 1 : Kumpulan Risalah, Aqidah, Fiqih, dan Hukum|last=Yazid|first=Abdul Qadir|date=2013|publisher=Media Tarbiyah|isbn=978-979-26-5872-9|language=id|trans-title=Ar Rasail Volume 1: Collection of Treatises, Aqidah, Fiqh, and Law|access-date=2024-07-11|archive-date=2024-07-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240711080215/https://perpustakaan.pangkalpinangkota.go.id/opac/detail-opac?id=326|url-status=dead}} # {{Cite book|url=https://perpustakaan.pangkalpinangkota.go.id/opac/detail-opac?id=327|title=Ar Rasail Jilid 2 : Kumpulan Risalah, Aqidah, Fiqih, dan Hukum|last=Yazid|first=Abdul Qadir|date=2013|publisher=Media Tarbiyah|isbn=978-979-26-5864-4|language=id|trans-title=Ar Rasail Volume 2: Collection of Treatises, Aqidah, Fiqh, and Law|access-date=2024-07-11|archive-date=2024-07-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240711080212/https://perpustakaan.pangkalpinangkota.go.id/opac/detail-opac?id=327|url-status=dead}} # {{Cite book|url=https://perpustakaan.pangkalpinangkota.go.id/opac/detail-opac?id=328|title=Ar Rasail Jilid 3 : Kumpulan Risalah, Aqidah, Fiqih, dan Hukum|last=Yazid|first=Abdul Qadir|date=2016|publisher=Media Tarbiyah|isbn=978-979-26-5865-1|language=id|trans-title=Ar Rasail Volume 3: Collection of Treatises, Aqidah, Fiqh, and Law|access-date=2024-07-11|archive-date=2024-07-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240711080207/https://perpustakaan.pangkalpinangkota.go.id/opac/detail-opac?id=328|url-status=dead}} # {{Cite book|url=https://perpustakaan.pangkalpinangkota.go.id/opac/detail-opac?id=329|title=Ar Rasail Jilid 4 : Kumpulan Risalah, Aqidah, Fiqih, dan Hukum|last=Yazid|first=Abdul Qadir|date=2016|publisher=Media Tarbiyah|isbn=978-979-26-5871-2|language=id|trans-title=Ar Rasail Volume 4: Collection of Treatises, Aqidah, Fiqh, and Law|access-date=2024-07-11|archive-date=2024-07-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240711080217/https://perpustakaan.pangkalpinangkota.go.id/opac/detail-opac?id=329|url-status=dead}} # {{Cite book|url=https://perpustakaan.pangkalpinangkota.go.id/opac/detail-opac?id=1124|title=Konsekuensi Cinta Kepada Nabi Muhammad|last=Yazid|first=Abdul Qadir|date=2016|publisher=PustakaAttaqwa|isbn=978-979-1661-24-9|language=id|trans-title=Consequences of Love for the Prophet Muhammad|access-date=2024-07-11|archive-date=2024-07-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240711080158/https://perpustakaan.pangkalpinangkota.go.id/opac/detail-opac?id=1124|url-status=dead}} # {{Cite book|url=https://perpustakaan-dpk.sulselprov.go.id/opac/detail-opac?id=41459|title=Sifat wudhu dan shalat Nabi|last=Yazid|first=Abdul Qadir|date=2017|publisher=Pustaka Imam Asy-Syafi|isbn=978-602-9183-76-4|language=id|trans-title=The nature of ablution and prayer of the Prophet}}{{Pranala mati|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} # {{Cite book|url=https://katalogarpusdakotategal.perpusnas.go.id/detail-opac?id=36050&tipe=koleksi|title=Hikmah dibalik musibah dan ruqyah syar'iyyah : do'a-do'a dan pengobatan terhadap sihir, guna-guna dan penyakit-penyakit lainnya|last=Yazid|first=Abdul Qadir|date=2009|publisher=Pustaka Imam Asy-Syafi|isbn=978-602-8062-22-0|language=id|trans-title=The wisdom behind disasters and ruqyah syar'iyyah: prayers and treatment for magic, witchcraft and other diseases}}{{Pranala mati|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} # {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=Hmt-cpCRkBAC&hl=id&source=gbs_navlinks_s|title=Do'a & Wirid Mengobati Guna-Guna dan Sihir Menurut al-Quran dan as-Sunnah|last=Yazid|first=Abdul Qadir|date=2018|publisher=Niaga Swadaya|isbn=9789793536187|language=id|trans-title=Prayer and Wirid: Treating Witchcraft and Magic According to the Qur'an and as-Sunnah}} # {{Cite book|url=https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/13089004-pokok-pokok-aqidah-ahlus-sunnah-wal-jamaah|title=Pokok-pokok Aqidah Ahlus Sunnah Wal Jamaah|last=Yazid|first=Abdul Qadir|date=2001|publisher=Pustaka At-Taqwa|language=id|trans-title=Pokok-pokok Aqidah Ahlus Sunnah Wal Jamaah|format=paperback}} # {{Cite book|url=https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/44010214-waktumu-dihabiskan-untuk-apa|title=Waktumu, Dihabiskan Untuk Apa?|last=Yazid|first=Abdul Qadir|date=2014|publisher=Pustaka At-Taqwa|isbn=9789791661317|language=id|trans-title=What is your time spent on?|format=paperback}} # {{Cite book|url=https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/36414587-wasiat-nabi-kepada-ibnu-abbas|title=Wasiat Nabi ﷺ kepada Ibnu Abbas رضي الله عنها|last=Yazid|first=Abdul Qadir|date=2014|publisher=Pustaka At-Taqwa|isbn=9789792658279|language=id|trans-title=The Prophet ﷺ's will to Ibn Abbas may Allah bless him|format=paperback}} # {{Cite book|url=https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/59950608-istiqamah-konsekuensi-konsisten-menetapi-jalan-ketaatan|title=Istiqamah, Konsekuensi & Konsisten Menetapi Jalan Ketaatan|last=Yazid|first=Abdul Qadir|date=2014|publisher=Pustaka At-Taqwa|isbn=9789791661324|language=id|trans-title=Istiqamah, Consequences & Consistently Following the Path of Obedience|format=paperback}} # {{Cite book|url=https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/140360047-menuntut-ilmu-jalan-menuju-surga|title=Menuntut Ilmu Jalan Menuju Surga|last=Yazid|first=Abdul Qadir|date=2008|publisher=Pustaka At-Taqwa|isbn=9789799662873|language=id|trans-title=Seeking Knowledge of the Way to Heaven|format=paperback}} # {{Cite book|url=https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/10862744-panduan-shalat-jum-at|title=Panduan Shalat Jum'at|last=Yazid|first=Abdul Qadir|date=2007|publisher=Pustaka At-Taqwa|isbn=9789791661102|language=id|trans-title=Friday Prayer Guide|format=paperback}} # {{Cite book|url=http://senayan.iain-palangkaraya.ac.id/index.php?p=show_detail&id=7070|title=Syarah Rukun Islam 2; Shalat|last=Yazid|first=Abdul Qadir|date=2010|publisher=Media Tarbiyah|language=id|trans-title=Explanation of Pillars of Islam 2; Prayer|format=paperback}}{{Pranala mati|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} # {{Cite book|url=https://balaiyanpus.jogjaprov.go.id/opac/detail-opac?id=296416|title=JANGAN DEKATI ZINA|last=Yazid|first=Abdul Qadir|date=2016|publisher=Pustaka at-Taqwa|isbn=978-979-16612-5-6|language=id|trans-title=DO NOT APPROACH ADULTERY|access-date=2024-07-11|archive-date=2024-07-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240711200410/https://balaiyanpus.jogjaprov.go.id/opac/detail-opac?id=296416|url-status=dead}} # {{Cite book|url=https://elibrary.uika-bogor.ac.id/index.php?p=show_detail&id=12303|title=Tauhid : Jalan Kebahagiaan, Keselamatan & Keberkahan Dunia-Akhirat|last=Yazid|first=Abdul Qadir|date=2011|publisher=Media Tarbiyah|isbn=978-979-26-5835-4|language=id|trans-title=Monotheism: The Path to Happiness, Safety & Blessings in the World and the Hereafter|access-date=2024-07-11|archive-date=2024-07-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240711074651/https://elibrary.uika-bogor.ac.id/index.php?p=show_detail&id=12303|url-status=dead}} # {{Cite book|url=https://balaiyanpus.jogjaprov.go.id/opac/detail-opac?id=297018|title=7 Wasiat Nabi Kepada Abu Dzarr|last=Yazid|first=Abdul Qadir|date=2016|publisher=Pustaka at-Taqwa|isbn=978-979-16611-2-6|language=id|trans-title=7 Testaments of the Prophet to Abu Dharr|access-date=2024-07-11|archive-date=2024-07-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240711093212/https://balaiyanpus.jogjaprov.go.id/opac/detail-opac?id=297018|url-status=dead}} # {{Cite book|url=https://inlislite.dispustaka.sumselprov.go.id/opac/detail-opac?id=38576|title=Adab & akhlak Penuntut Ilmu|last=Yazid|first=Abdul Qadir|date=2016|publisher=Pustaka at-Taqwa|isbn=978-979-16612-2-5|language=id|trans-title=Manners & morals for students of knowledge|access-date=2024-07-11|archive-date=2024-07-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240711074650/https://inlislite.dispustaka.sumselprov.go.id/opac/detail-opac?id=38576|url-status=dead}} # {{Cite book|url=https://katalogdisarpuspematangsiantar.perpusnas.go.id/detail-opac?id=22687&tipe=koleksi|title=Pengertian Syahadat Menurut Aqidah Ahlus Sunnah Wal Jamaah|last=Yazid|first=Abdul Qadir|date=2018|publisher=Pustaka Khazanah Fawa'id|isbn=978-602-61392-4-5|language=id|trans-title=Understanding the Creed according to the aqidah of Ahlus Sunnah Wal Jamaah}}{{Pranala mati|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} # {{Cite book|url=https://katalogdisarpuspematangsiantar.perpusnas.go.id/detail-opac?id=22810&tipe=koleksi|title=Hadiah istimewa menuju keluarga sakinah|last=Yazid|first=Abdul Qadir|date=2018|publisher=Pustaka Khazanah Fawa'id|isbn=978-602-5806-00-1|language=id|trans-title=A special gift to a Sakina family}}{{Pranala mati|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} # {{Cite book|url=https://perpustakaan-dpk.sulselprov.go.id/opac/detail-opac?id=43498|title=Jihad Dalam Syariat Islam dan Perkembangannya di Masa Kini|last=Yazid|first=Abdul Qadir|date=2015|publisher=Pustaka Imam Syafi'i|isbn=978-602-9183-93-1|language=id|trans-title=Jihad in Islamic Sharia and its Development in the Present}}{{Pranala mati|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} # {{Cite book|url=https://perpustakaan-dpk.sulselprov.go.id/opac/detail-opac?id=43498|title=Doa dan hiburan : Bagi orang sakit dan terkena musibah|last=Yazid|first=Abdul Qadir|date=2005|publisher=Pustaka Imam Syafi'i|isbn=979-3536-34-9|language=id|trans-title=Prayer and consolation: For people who are sick and affected by disaster}}{{Pranala mati|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} # {{Cite book|url=https://perpustakaan-dpk.sulselprov.go.id/opac/detail-opac?id=43498|title=Dunia Ini Adalah Tempat Cobaan dan Ujian|last=Yazid|first=Abdul Qadir|date=2005|publisher=Pustaka Imam Syafi'i|isbn=979-3536-34-9|language=id|trans-title=Prayer and consolation: For people who are sick and affected by disaster}}{{Pranala mati|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} # {{Cite book|url=https://opac.ubpkarawang.ac.id/index.php?p=show_detail&id=148&keywords=|title=Dunia Lebih Jelek Daripada Bangkai Kambing|last=Yazid|first=Abdul Qadir|date=2018|publisher=Pustaka at-Taqwa|isbn=978-979-1661-34-8|language=id|trans-title=The World Is Uglier Than A Goat's Carcass}}{{Pranala mati|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} # {{Cite book|url=https://perpustakaan.stain-madina.ac.id/library/index.php?p=show_detail&id=529&keywords=|title=Sifat Wudhu' Nabi Shallallahu 'alaihi wa sallam: Definisi, Kedudukan, Keutamaan, Tata cara, Syarat, Adab, serta Pembatal Wudhu', dll|last=Yazid|first=Abdul Qadir|date=2008|publisher=Media Tarbiyah|isbn=978-979-26-5858-3|language=id|trans-title=The nature of the ablution of the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam: definition, position, priority, procedures, conditions, etiquette, and canceling ablution, etc.|access-date=2024-07-11|archive-date=2024-07-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240711074649/https://perpustakaan.stain-madina.ac.id/library/index.php?p=show_detail&id=529&keywords=|url-status=dead}} # {{Cite book|url=https://perpustakaan.stain-madina.ac.id/library/index.php?p=show_detail&id=529&keywords=|title=Hukum Meminta-Minta Dan Mengemis Dalam Syariat Islam|last=Yazid|first=Abdul Qadir|date=2009|publisher=p. attaqwa|isbn=978-979-16612-0-1|language=id|trans-title=The Law of Begging and Begging according Islamic Sharia|access-date=2024-07-11|archive-date=2024-07-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240711074649/https://perpustakaan.stain-madina.ac.id/library/index.php?p=show_detail&id=529&keywords=|url-status=dead}} # {{Cite book|url=https://perpustakaan-jic.id/opac/index.php?p=show_detail&id=27604&keywords=|title=Haramnya Darah Seorang Muslim|last=Yazid|first=Abdul Qadir|date=2015|publisher=Media Tarbiyah|language=id|trans-title=the sacredness of the blood of a Muslim|access-date=2024-07-11|archive-date=2024-07-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240711074649/https://perpustakaan-jic.id/opac/index.php?p=show_detail&id=27604&keywords=|url-status=dead}} # {{Cite book|url=http://psbsekolah.kemdikbud.go.id/kamaya/index.php?p=show_detail&id=52512|title=Taubat : kewajiban seumur hidup|last=Yazid|first=Abdul Qadir|date=2018|publisher=978-602-61392-7-6|language=id|trans-title=Repentance: a lifelong obligation|access-date=2024-07-11|archive-date=2024-07-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240711074652/http://psbsekolah.kemdikbud.go.id/kamaya/index.php?p=show_detail&id=52512|url-status=dead}} # {{Cite book|url=https://core.ac.uk/display/298097600|title=Pengawasan Dengan Pendekatan Agama (Modul 1 - Modul 5)|last=Yazid|first=Abdul Qadir|date=2003|publisher=[[Ministry of Religious Affairs (Indonesia)]]|isbn=978-602-61392-7-6|language=id|trans-title=Supervision with a Religious Approach (Module 1 - Module 5)}} # {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Manhaj_Ahlus_Sunnah_wal_Jama_ah_dalam_ta.html?id=|title=Manhaj Ahlus Sunnah wal Jama'ah dalam tazkiyatun nufus|last=Yazid|first=Abdul Qadir|date=2010|publisher=Pustaka At-Taqwa|isbn=9789791661232|language=id|trans-title=Manhaj Ahlus Sunnah wal Jama'ah in tazkiyatun nufus}}{{Pranala mati|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} # {{Cite book|url=https://www.elibrary.albayan.or.id/index.php?p=show_detail&id=5327&keywords=|title=Sedekah sebagai bukti keimanan dan penghapus dosa|last=Yazid|first=Abdul Qadir|date=2009|publisher=Pustaka At-Taqwa|isbn=978-979-16612-1-8|language=id|trans-title=Alms as sign of faith and forgiveness of sins|access-date=2024-07-11|archive-date=2024-07-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240711074651/https://www.elibrary.albayan.or.id/index.php?p=show_detail&id=5327&keywords=|url-status=dead}} # {{Cite book|url=https://www.elibrary.albayan.or.id/index.php?p=show_detail&id=7580&keywords=|title=Taqwa : jalan menuju sukses abadi|last=Yazid|first=Abdul Qadir|date=2010|publisher=Pustaka At-Taqwa|isbn=9789791661164|language=id|trans-title=Taqwa: the path to eternal success|access-date=2024-07-11|archive-date=2024-07-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240711074650/https://www.elibrary.albayan.or.id/index.php?p=show_detail&id=7580&keywords=|url-status=dead}} == Deloken sisan == * [[Badrusalam]] * Erwandi Tarmizi * [[Armen Halim Naro]] * Firanda Andirja * Khalid Basalamah * Syafiq Riza Basalamah == Referensi == <references responsive="1"></references> {{Reflist}} == Pranala njaba == * {{Ar icon}} [http://islamhouse.com/ar/author/8466 Profil Yazid bin Abdul Qadir Jawas], IslamHouse.Com {{Islam di Indonesia}}{{Islam di Indonesia}}{{Authority control}}{{Authority control}} [[Kategori:Lair 1963]] [[Kategori:Pati 2024]] [[Kategori:Tokoh Jawa Tengah]] [[Kategori:Panulis Indonésia]] [[Kategori:Tokoh]] pkje79gymnsowecj71nwd61tqgkw5vr 2 198885 1752679 1751711 2026-08-14T06:49:39Z AyamJawa 73841 /* */ 1752679 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 3 200637 1752650 1751912 2026-08-13T12:58:33Z EmausBot 5850 Mbenakaké rong pralihan nèng [[Parembugan Naraguna:Lasse Keskinen]] 1752650 wikitext text/x-wiki #ALIH [[Parembugan Naraguna:Lasse Keskinen]] pkw9aq3lldg8xtlf6ald2ijt7nele9o 0 200647 1752667 1751992 2026-08-13T22:32:32Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1752667 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox organization | name = Solosche Radio Vereeniging | full_name = | native_name = | native_name_lang = | logo = | logo_size = | logo_alt = | logo_caption = | image = KITLV A621 - Goesti Raden Adjeng Siti Noeroel Koesoemowardani, dochter van Mangkoe Nagoro VII, spreekt op 18-jarige leeftijd voor microfoon van de 2e zender van de Solosche Radio Vereniging te Soerakarta.tif | image_size = 320px | caption = B.R.Aj. Siti Noeroel Kamaril Koesoemowardhani (Gusti Nurul) nalika paring sesorah ing ngarep mikrofon pemancar Solosche Radio Vereeniging (SRV). | alt = | caption = | map = | map_size = | map_alt = | map_caption = | map2 = | map2_size = | map2_alt = | map2_caption = | abbreviation = SRV | nickname = | pronounce = | pronounce ref = | pronounce comment = | pronounce 2 = | named_after = | motto = | predecessor = Javaansche Kunstkring Mardiraras (JKM) | merged = | successor = Solo Hoso Kyoku / [[Radio Republik Indonésia|RRI Surakarta]] | formation = [[1 April]] [[1933]] | founder = [[Mangkunagara VII|K.G.P.A.A. Mangkoenagoro VII]] | founding_location = Societeit Mangkunegaran, [[Kutha Surakarta|Surakarta]] | dissolved = [[1942]] (dadi Solo Hoso Kyoku) | merger = | type = Lembaga penyiaran radio | tax_id = | registration_id = | status = | purpose = Panyebaran lan pelestarian seni sarta kabudayan Jawa | professional_title = | headquarters = [[Kestalan, Banjarsari, Surakarta|Kestalan]], [[Kutha Surakarta|Surakarta]] | location_city = [[Kutha Surakarta|Surakarta]] | location_country = [[Hindia-Walanda]] | location_city2 = | location_country2 = | addnl_location_city = | addnl_location_country = | addnl_location_city2 = | addnl_location_country2 = | coordinates = | origins = | region_served = [[Hindia-Walanda]] | products = | services = Siaran radio | methods = | fields = | membership = ±4.000 anggota (1934) | membership_year = 1934 | language = [[Basa Jawa]], [[Basa Walanda]] | owner = | sec_gen = | leader_title = Pangarsa (Ketua) | leader_name = [[R.M. Ir. Sarsito Mangoenkoesoemo]] | leader_title2 = | leader_name2 = | leader_title3 = | leader_name3 = | leader_title4 = | leader_name4 = | board_of_directors = | key_people = R. Maladi, Utojo, Sugoto, [[Gusti Nurul|B.R.Aj. Siti Noeroel Kamaril Koesoemowardhani]] | main_organ = | parent_organization = | subsidiaries = Cabang Batavia, Bandung, Surabaya, Madiun, Semarang, Purwokerto, lan Bogor | secessions = | affiliations = | budget = | budget_year = | revenue = | revenue_year = | disbursements = | expenses = | expenses_year = | endowment = | endowment_year = | staff = | staff_year = | volunteers = | volunteers_year = | students = | students_year = | awards = | website = | remarks = | formerly = | footnotes = | bodystyle = }} '''Solosche Radio Vereeniging (SRV)''' yaiku pakumpulan siaran radio kapisan ing Hindhiya-Walanda kang diduweni lan dikelola déning kaum bumiputra. Lembaga siaran adhedhasar komunitas iki dumunung ing [[Kuthapraja Surakarta]] lan nduwèni fokus utami kanggo nyiaraké seni lan [[kabudayan Jawa]]. Sajarah lakuning siaran radio ing Indonésia, mliginé stasiun radio kagungan nagara yaiku [[Radio Republik Indonésia]] (RRI), ora bisa dipisahaké saka lelabuhan lan sajarah madegé SRV<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://mangkunegaran.id/|title=Solosche Radio Vereeniging: Cikal Bakal Radio Republik Indonesia|date=2024-10-07|website=Mangkunegaran|language=id|access-date=2026-07-31}}</ref>. Lairé SRV diprakarsani déning [[K.G.P.A.A. Mangkoenagoro VII]] lan dikembangkaké déning [[R.M. Ir. Sarsito Mangoenkoesoemo]]. Radio iki ngalami pangembangan kang cepet saéngga kasil nggayuh réwon anggota sarta bisa mbangun kantor studio modèrn ing wewengkon [[Kestalan, Banjarsari, Kutha Surakarta|Kestalan]]. Kejaba nyiaraké ing jroning nagara, SRV uga ncathet sajarah internasional amarga kasil nyiaraké swara [[gamelan]] langsung saka Surakarta menyang nagara Walanda kanggo ngiringi tarian [[Gusti Nurul]] ing taun 1937<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://mowid.anri.go.id/index.php/tari-srimpi-tunggal-1-2|title=Tari Srimpi Tunggal - We bring people and nations together through education, culture and science (UNESCO)|website=mowid.anri.go.id|access-date=2026-07-31}}</ref>. Nalika mangsa pendudukan Jepang, SRV owah jeneng dadi Solo Hoso Kyoku, sadurungé pungkasané dadi cikal bakal RRI Surakarta sawisé Indonésia mardika<ref name=":0" />. == Sajarah lan Latar Wuri == === Cikal Bakal saka Javaansche Kunstkring Mardiraras === Gagasan awal madegé Solosche Radio Vereeniging ora bisa dipisahaké saka pakumpulan kesenian Jawa kang aran [[Javaansche Kuntskring Mardiraras]] (JKM). Pakumpulan iki dibina lan dipayungi langsung déning K.G.P.A.A. Mangkoenagoro VII ing lingkungan [[Pura Mangkunagaran|Pura Mangkunegaran]]<ref name=":0" />. Kagiyatan utami saka JKM yaiku ing babagan [[seni karawitan]], yaiku nabuh piranti musik gamelan sarta nglagokaké gendhing-gendhing Jawa utawa kang luwih umum diarani klenengan. Sakèhing kagiyatan latihan lan pementasan kasebut ditindakaké kanthi rutin ing wewengkon njero Pura Mangkunegaran<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://rri.co.id/nasional/2304033/mengulas-solosche-radio-vereeniging-pelopor-penyiaran-radio-indonesia|title=Mengulas Solosche Radio Vereeniging, Pelopor Penyiaran Radio Indonesia - RRI.co.id|last=Afriandita|first=Zahfa Putri|website=rri.co.id - Portal berita terpercaya|language=en|access-date=2026-07-31}}</ref>. K.G.P.A.A. Mangkoenagoro VII pancèn kaloka minangka tokoh panguwasa kang nduwèni kawigatèn lan katresnan kang gedhé marang seni lan kabudayan Nusantara, mliginé budaya Jawa. Bentuk panyengkuyung nyata saka panguwasa Mangkunegaran kasebut ditindakaké kanthi nyadiakaké saserangkaian piranti téknik pemancar siaran. Piranti téknik kasebut dituku saka stasiun radio swasta kagungané wong Walanda ing Ngayogyakarta kang aran Djocjasche Radio Vereeniging. Pemancar kasebut banjur digunakaké kanggo nyiaraké pagelaran klenengan déning Javaansche Kuntskring Mardiraras lan pertunjukan [[Ringgit tiyang|wayang wong]] saka Kagungan Dalem Balekambang lumantar *call sign* PK2MN utawa Pemancar Kring Ketimuran Mangkunegaran<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://orari.or.id/sejarah-orari/|title=Sejarah ORARI|date=2026-07-30|website=ORARI|language=en-US|access-date=2026-07-31}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://mpn.komdigi.go.id/index.php/srv-pelopor-radio-ketimuran/|title=SRV Pelopor Radio Ketimuran – Monumen Pers Nasional|date=2021-03-23|language=en-US|access-date=2026-07-31}}</ref>. === Rembugan lan Madegé SRV === Nalika téknologi siaran radio sansaya ngrembaka, K.G.P.A.A. Mangkoenagoro VII banjur mbaskara lan ngendikakaké kapercayan marang R.M. Ir. Sarsito Mangoenkoesoemo supaya ngembangaké jaringan siaran seni lan budaya Jawa kasebut kanthi luwih profesional lan wiyar. R.M. Ir. Sarsito banjur nindakaké langkah strategis kanthi ngumpulaké para tokoh lan para panyeneng seni ing sawijining patemon resmi<ref name=":0" />. Rapat kasebut dianakaké ing tanggal 1 April 1933 panggonané ing gedhong [[Societëit Mangkunegaran]], wangunan kang ing mangsa saiki misuwur minangka Monumen Pers Nasional. Ing rapat kasebut, R.M. Ir. Sarsito ngutarakaké gagasané babagan perluné mbangun sawijining stasiun radio anyar kang nduwèni kualitas siaran luwih becik lan terorganisir. Usulan kasebut disetujoni déning kkabèh peserta rapat saéngga dadi tandha disepakati madegé Perhimpunan Radio Omroep kang diwèhi jeneng Solosche Radio Vereeniging (SRV). Ing organisasi anyar iki, R.M. Ir. Sarsito Mangoenkoesoemo kapilih dadi pangarsa kapisan<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=https://mpn.komdigi.go.id/index.php/kgpaa-mangkunegoro-vii-tokoh-perintis-penyiaran-nasional/|title=KGPAA Mangkunegoro VII, Tokoh Perintis Penyiaran Nasional – Monumen Pers Nasional|date=2021-03-24|language=en-US|access-date=2026-07-31}}</ref>. == Pangembangan lan Mbangun Studio == === Perluasan Jangkauan lan Anggota === Lairé SRV dadi wujud nyata saka gegayuhan K.G.P.A.A. Mangkoenagoro VII lan para pegiat seni kanggo nyebarluasaké kagunan Jawa lumantar media siaran radio. Keberhasilan siaran awal SRV bisa dibuktèkaké saka jangkauan pemancar radio kasebut. Siaran perdana SRV kang nampilaké klenengan karawitan saka Javaansche Kuntskring Mardiraras kasebut jebul bisa keprungu kanthi cetha nganti tekan nagara Walanda<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" />. Prastawa kasebut nggawé jeneng SRV sansaya misuwur saéngga organisasi iki ngalami pangembangan kang cepet banget. Jumlah anggota SRV terus mundhak nganti tekan angka 4.000 wong ing macem-macem wilayah Hindhiya-Walanda. Materi isi siarané uga ora mung winates ing seni karawitan lan klenengan waé, nanging uga dimudhakaké lan dijembaraké kanthi nampilaké jinis musik liyané, salah sijiné yaiku musik keroncong<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://rri.co.id/surakarta/regional/1308458/menggali-sejarah-radio-di-indonesia-srv-dan-tantangan-digitalisasi|title=Menggali Sejarah Radio di Indonesia: SRV dan Tantangan Digitalisasi - RRI.co.id|last=Asegaf|first=Soufi|website=rri.co.id - Portal berita terpercaya|language=en|access-date=2026-07-31}}</ref>. Amiwiti saka sukses siaran ing wewengkon Surakarta, SRV banjur nindakaké ekspansi kanthi mbangun cabang-cabang anyar ing macem-macem kutha gedhé. Cabang-cabang iki ing tembe mburi ngrembaka dadi stasiun radio siaran mandiri. Sawetara kutha kang dadi papan dunungé cabang SRV antarané yaiku Batavia, Bandung, Surabaya, Madiun, Semarang, Purwokerto, lan Bogor<ref name=":0" />. === Mbangun Studio ing Kestalan === Kanggo ngatur organisasi kang sansaya gedhé, SRV nganakaké kongres ing Surakarta ing tanggal 15 Januari 1935. Salah siji keputusan wigati saka kongres kasebut yaiku yèn SRV kudu nduwèni gedhong studio dhéwé kang adiluhung lan memadai kanggo kabutuhan operasional siaran sehari-hari. Nanging, anggaran pembangunan gedhong kang diduwèni déning kas SRV nalika iku durung cukup<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mpn.komdigi.go.id/index.php/koleksi-utama-monpers-pemancar-radio-kambing/|title=Koleksi Utama Monpers: Pemancar Radio Kambing – Monumen Pers Nasional|date=2021-03-26|language=en-US|access-date=2026-07-31}}</ref>. Mirsani kahanan kasebut, K.G.P.A.A. Mangkoenagoro VII maringi panyengkuyung lan bantuan nyata awujud lemah hibah kanthi amba 5.000 meter persegi kang nduwèni nilai f 15.000 (limalas ewu gulden). Lemah kasebut dumunung ing Kampung Kestalan, persis ing sisih kidul [[Stasiun Balapan Surakarta]]. Ing ndhuwur lemah hibah kasebut banjur dibangun gedhong resmi SRV, kang ing mangsa saiki dadi Kantor Radio Republik Indonesia (RRI) Surakarta<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solobalapan.jawapos.com/tempoe-doeloe/2401090021/gedung-radio-republik-indonesia-rri-surakarta-jadi-saksi-sejarah-penyiaran-radio-pribumi-pertama-di-indonesia|title=Gedung Radio Republik Indonesia (RRI) Surakarta, Jadi Saksi Sejarah Penyiaran Radio Pribumi Pertama di Indonesia|last=Aprilia|first=Nindia|date=2024-01-09|website=Solo Balapan|language=id|access-date=2026-07-31}}</ref>. Pembangunan gedhong studio SRV diwiwiti ing tanggal 15 September 1935. Pamasangan watu kapisan ditindakaké déning putri saka K.G.P.A.A. Mangkoenegoro VII, yaiku B.R.Aj. Siti Noeroel Kamaril Koesoemowardhani utawa kang luwih akrab disapa Gusti Nurul. Perancangan lan pelaksanaan téknis pembangunan diserahaké marang arsitek Walanda aran Ir. FCL Van Olden. Sawisé pembangunan rampung, gedhong studio SRV diresmikaké secara resmi ing tanggal 23 September 1936 lan diresmikaké uga déning Gusti Nurul<ref name=":2" />. == Puncak Kejayaan lan Mangsa Pendudukan Jepang == === Pengiring Tari ing Walanda (1937) === [[Barkas:Goesti Raden Adjeng Siti Noeroel Koesoemowardani, dochter van Mangkoe Nagoro VII van Soerakarta, biedt op paleis Noordeinde te Den Haag prinses Juliana en prins Bernhard een huwelijksgeschenk aan in d, KITLV 150968.tiff|thumb|right|280px|alt=Gusti Nurul ing Pura Noordeinde Den Haag|Gusti Nurul nalika ngaturaké kado pahargyan palakrama sarta nampilaké tarian ing Pura Noordeinde, Den Haag, Walanda (1937) kang diiringi swara gamelan langsung lumantar siaran radio SRV.]] Puncak kejayaan lan prestasi internasional Solosche Radio Vereeniging dumadi ing taun 1937. Nalika iku, SRV kasil nyiaraké swara gamelan kanthi langsung saka studio Surakarta menyang Walanda kanggo ngiringi Gusti Nurul kang lagi nampilaké tarian tradisional Jawa<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mpn.komdigi.go.id/index.php/gusti-noeroel-mengejar-kebahagiaan/|title=Gusti Noeroel – Mengejar Kebahagiaan – Monumen Pers Nasional|date=2021-03-25|language=en-US|access-date=2026-07-31}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=https://news.detik.com/berita/d-3067946/pesona-tarian-gusti-nurul-yang-memikat-ratu-belanda|title=Pesona Tarian Gusti Nurul yang Memikat Ratu Belanda|last=Dariyanto|first=Erwin|website=detiknews|language=id-ID|access-date=2026-07-31}}</ref>. Sajian tari kasebut ditampilaké ing ngarepé Ratu Walanda lan para tamu kerajaan minangka hadiah pahargyan palakrama Putri Juliana lan Pangeran Bernhard. Ing prastawa sajarah kasebut, Gusti Nurul tindak menyang Walanda didampingi déning K.G.P.A.A. Mangkoenagoro VII sarta Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Timur lan rombongan Pura Mangkunegaran. Keberhasilan pancaran siaran nembus benua Eropa kasebut dadi bukti kemajuan téknologi radio lan keagungan seni Jawa kang diusung déning SRV<ref name=":4" />. === Bumi Hangus lan Pendudukan Jepang (1942) === Pangrembakan lan kejayaan SRV kepeksa mandheg nalika wadya bala Jepang mlebu lan nguasai wewengkon Surakarta ing taun 1942. Ing tanggal 2 Maret 1942, Pemerintah Hindhiya-Walanda maringi prentah marang pengurus SRV supaya ngrusak lan ngobong sakèhing aset pemancar siaran (bumi hangus). Langkah iki ditindakaké minangka antisipasi supaya piranti informasi lan komunikasi kasebut ora dijupuk lan digunakaké déning bala Jepang kanggo alat propaganda<ref name=":0" />. Sanajan ana prentah kasebut, para pengurus SRV ora ngrusak kabèh alat. Sawetara piranti siaran penting kasil didelikaké ing panggonan kang aman, nanging kabèh kagiyatan siaran kepeksa mandheg kanggo sauntara wektu. Wadya bala Jepang pungkasané mendarat lan mlebu ing Kutha Surakarta ing tanggal 5 Maret 1942<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dunia.espos.id/catatan-peristiwa-dunia-hari-ini-5-maret-1942-jepang-kuasai-batavia-899917|title=CATATAN PERISTIWA DUNIA HARI INI : 5 Maret 1942, Jepang Kuasai Batavia|last=Saputra|first=Ginanjar|date=March 5, 2018|website=Solopos Espos Dunia}}</ref>. Telung dina sawisé iku, ing tanggal 8 Maret 1942, Komandan Pasukan Jepang aran H. Funabiki teka ing kantor SRV lan nemoni pengurus radio kasebut, antarané yaiku R. Maladi, Utojo, lan Sugoto. Komandan Jepang kasebut mrentahaké supaya stasiun radio SRV bisa disiyapaké lan dikudharaké manèh. Seblak saka prastawa kasebut, jeneng Solosche Radio Vereeniging diowahi dadi Solo Hoso Kyoku. Stasiun iki banjur dadi cabang saka organisasi siaran Hoso Kanri Kyoku kang duwé pusat ing Batavia<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":5">{{Cite web|url=https://rri.co.id/nasional/1745338/sejarah-radio-hoso-kyoku-jepang-hingga-menjadi-rri|title=‎Sejarah Radio Hoso Kyoku Jepang hingga Menjadi RRI - RRI.co.id|last=Hairani|first=Rini|website=rri.co.id - Portal berita terpercaya|language=en|access-date=2026-07-31}}</ref>. == Warisan lan Dadi RRI Surakarta == [[Barkas:RRI 1945.png|thumb|right|200px|alt=Logo kapisan Radio Republik Indonesia 1945|Logo kapisan Radio Republik Indonésia (RRI) kang resmi digunakaké sarta diresmikaké nalika tanggal 11 September 1945.]] Kahanan siaran ing ngisor pengawasan Hoso Kanri Kyoku lan kabèh cabangé pungkasané mandheg nalika bangsa Indonésia ngumandhangaké kamardikan lumantar Proklamasi tanggal 17 Agustus 1945. Sawisé kamardikan diproklamasikaké, para tokoh lan penggiat radio ing macem-macem daerah nganakaké serangkaian rapat strategis kanggo ngrembug masa depan lan arah penyiaran radio nasional<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":5" />. Rapat-rapat kasebut ngasilaké kesepakatan penting yaiku penetapan dina lahiré Radio Republik Indonésia (RRI) ing tanggal 11 September 1945. Sakèhing bekas kantor lan jaringan siaran cabang SRV kang sadurungé dijupuk alih déning Jepang banjur digabung lan dadi bagian utami saka jaringan radio nasional iki. Gedhong bekas kantor Solosche Radio Vereeniging ing Kestalan Surakarta banjur resmi dienggo minangka stasiun lan kantor RRI Surakarta nganti tekan saiki<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://muspen.komdigi.go.id/forum/sejarah-berdirinya-rri-di-tanggal-11-september-1945|title=Sejarah berdirinya RRI di tanggal 11 September 1945 - Halo Muspeners,|website=muspen.komdigi.go.id|access-date=2026-07-31}}</ref>. == Uga delengen == * [[Radio Republik Indonésia]] * [[Mangkunagara VII]] * [[Gusti Nurul]] * [[Monumen Pers Nasional]] * [[Kestalan, Banjarsari, Surakarta]] == Cathetan suku == {{reflist}} == Pranala njaba == * [https://rri.co.id Situs resmi Radio Republik Indonesia] * [https://monumenpers.kemkominfo.go.id Arsip Sajarah Penyiaran ing Monumen Pers Nasional Surakarta]{{Pranala mati|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [[Kategori:Sajarah Surakarta]] [[Kategori:Stasiun radio ing Indonésia]] [[Kategori:Mangkunagaran]] [[Kategori:Hindhiya Walanda]] [[Kategori:Radio Republik Indonesia]] pccc7kqt76k5vh1cqusft9yhx7t9587 0 200726 1752659 1752644 2026-08-13T19:22:51Z Meursault2004 3 + foto 1752659 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Mia Kirshner Comic-Con 2012.jpg|thumb|Mia Kirshner (2012)]] '''Mia Kirshner''' (lair tanggal 25 Januari 1975)[1] iku aktris, pangripta, lan aktivis sosial Kanada. Dhèwèké kawentar olèhé maragakaké Mandy ing télévisi ing ''24'' (2001–2005), minangka Jenny Schecter ing ''The L Word'' (2004–2009), minangka Amanda Grayson ing ''[[1Star Trek: Discovery]]'' (2017–2019) lan ''[[Star Trek: Strange New Worlds]]'' (2023), lan minangka Isobel Flemming ing ''[[The Vampire Diaries]]'' (2010–2011). Aktingé ing film-filmé kalebu ''[[Love and Human Remains]]'' (1993), ''[[Exotica]]'' (1994), ''[[The Crow: City of Angels]]'' (1996), ''[[Mad City]]'' (1997), ''[[Not Another Teen Movie]]'' (2001), lan ''[[The Black Dahlia]]'' (2006). [[Kategori:Lair 1975]] [[Kategori:Wong urip]] [[Kategori:Paraga Star Trek]] 1h42qfmrij7cgsuspvl7yn1xb89tcwi 1752662 1752659 2026-08-13T19:48:59Z Meursault2004 3 /* Filmografi */ 1752662 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Mia Kirshner Comic-Con 2012.jpg|thumb|Mia Kirshner (2012)]] '''Mia Kirshner''' (lair tanggal 25 Januari 1975)[1] iku aktris, pangripta, lan aktivis sosial Kanada. Dhèwèké kawentar olèhé maragakaké Mandy ing télévisi ing ''24'' (2001–2005), minangka Jenny Schecter ing ''The L Word'' (2004–2009), minangka Amanda Grayson ing ''[[1Star Trek: Discovery]]'' (2017–2019) lan ''[[Star Trek: Strange New Worlds]]'' (2023), lan minangka Isobel Flemming ing ''[[The Vampire Diaries]]'' (2010–2011). Aktingé ing film-filmé kalebu ''[[Love and Human Remains]]'' (1993), ''[[Exotica]]'' (1994), ''[[The Crow: City of Angels]]'' (1996), ''[[Mad City]]'' (1997), ''[[Not Another Teen Movie]]'' (2001), lan ''[[The Black Dahlia]]'' (2006). == Filmografi == [[Kategori:Lair 1975]] [[Kategori:Wong urip]] [[Kategori:Paraga Star Trek]] ig38vksg4mzozzd7p8tslzjg0yms3gr 1752663 1752662 2026-08-13T19:50:09Z Meursault2004 3 /* Filmografi */ 1752663 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Mia Kirshner Comic-Con 2012.jpg|thumb|Mia Kirshner (2012)]] '''Mia Kirshner''' (lair tanggal 25 Januari 1975)[1] iku aktris, pangripta, lan aktivis sosial Kanada. Dhèwèké kawentar olèhé maragakaké Mandy ing télévisi ing ''24'' (2001–2005), minangka Jenny Schecter ing ''The L Word'' (2004–2009), minangka Amanda Grayson ing ''[[1Star Trek: Discovery]]'' (2017–2019) lan ''[[Star Trek: Strange New Worlds]]'' (2023), lan minangka Isobel Flemming ing ''[[The Vampire Diaries]]'' (2010–2011). Aktingé ing film-filmé kalebu ''[[Love and Human Remains]]'' (1993), ''[[Exotica]]'' (1994), ''[[The Crow: City of Angels]]'' (1996), ''[[Mad City]]'' (1997), ''[[Not Another Teen Movie]]'' (2001), lan ''[[The Black Dahlia]]'' (2006). == Filmografi == ===Film=== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Year ! Title ! Role ! class="unsortable" | Notes |- | rowspan="2"| 1993 | ''[[Love and Human Remains]]'' | Benita | |- | ''[[Cadillac Girls]]'' | Page | |- | 1994 | ''[[Exotica (film)|Exotica]]'' | Christina | |- | rowspan="2"| 1995 | ''[[Murder in the First (film)|Murder in the First]]'' | Rosetta Young | |- | ''{{sortname|The|Grass Harp|The Grass Harp (film)}}'' | Maude Riordan | |- | 1996 | ''{{sortname|The|Crow: City of Angels}}'' | Sarah Mohr | |- | rowspan="2"| 1997 | ''[[Anna Karenina (1997 film)|Anna Karenina]]'' | Kitty | |- | ''[[Mad City (film)|Mad City]]'' | Laurie Callahan | |- | rowspan="2"| 1999 | ''[[The Speed of Life|Speed of Life]]'' | Sarah | |- | ''[[Out of the Cold]]'' | Deborah Berkowitz | |- | rowspan="2"| 2000 | ''Innocents'' | Dominique Denright | |- | ''Cowboys and Angels'' | Candice | |- | rowspan="3"| 2001 | ''[[Century Hotel]]'' | Dominique | |- | ''[[According to Spencer]]'' | Melora | |- | ''[[Not Another Teen Movie]]'' | Catherine Wyler | |- | rowspan="2"| 2002 | ''[[New Best Friend]]'' | Alicia Campbell | |- | ''[[Now & Forever (2002 film)|Now & Forever]]'' | Angela Wilson | |- | 2003 | ''[[Party Monster (film)|Party Monster]]'' | Natasha Gatien | |- | 2005 | ''{{sortname|The|Iris Effect|nolink=1}}'' | Rebecca | |- | 2006 | data-sort-value="Black Dahlia, The" | ''[[The Black Dahlia (film)|The Black Dahlia]]'' | [[Elizabeth Short]] | |- | 2008 | ''[[Miss Conception]]'' | Clem | |- | 2010 | ''[[30 Days of Night: Dark Days]]'' | [[List of 30 Days of Night characters#Lilith|Lilith]] | Direct-to-video film |- | 2011 | ''[[388 Arletta Avenue]]'' | Amy Walker | |- | 2012 | ''{{sortname|The|Barrens|The Barrens (film)}}'' | Cynthia Vineyard | |- | 2013 | ''[[I Think I Do]]'' | Julia | |- | 2016 | ''[[Milton's Secret]]'' | Jane Adams | |- | 2017 | ''{{sortname|A|Swinger's Weekend|nolink=1}}'' | Fiona | |- | 2021 | ''[[Crisis (2021 film)|Crisis]]'' | Susan Reimann | |} ===Télévisi=== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Year ! Title ! Role ! class="unsortable" | Notes |- | 1989 | ''[[War of the Worlds (1988 TV series)|War of the Worlds]]'' | Jo Crane | Episode: "Loving the Alien" |- | 1990 | ''[[Danger Bay]]'' | Catherine Walker | Episode: "Live Wires" |- | 1990–1991 | ''[[Dracula: The Series]]'' | Sophie Metternich | Main role |- | rowspan="2"| 1991 | ''[[E.N.G.]]'' | Risa Timerman | Episode: "Suffer the Little Children" |- | ''[[My Secret Identity]]'' | Alana Porter | Episode: "My Other Secret Identity" |- | 1991–1992 | ''[[Tropical Heat]]'' | Cathy Paige / Sandy | 2 episodes: "Runaway" , "Stranger in Paradise" |- | rowspan="2"| 1992 | ''[[Road to Avonlea]]'' | Emily Everett-Smythe | Episode: "High Society" |- | ''[[Are You Afraid of the Dark?]]'' | Pam / Dora Pease | Episode: "The Tale of the Hungry Hounds" |- | 1995 | ''Johnny's Girl'' | Amy Ross | Television film |- | 2001–2002 | ''[[Wolf Lake]]'' | Ruby Cates | Main role |- | 2001–2005 | ''[[24 (TV series)|24]]'' | [[Mandy (24 character)|Mandy]] | Recurring role |- | 2004–2009 | ''{{sortname|The|L Word}}'' | [[Jenny Schecter]] | Main role |- | 2007 | ''They Come Back'' | Faith Hardy | Television film |- | rowspan="2"| 2009 | ''{{sortname|The|Cleaner|The Cleaner (American TV series)}}'' | April May | Episode: "Does Everybody Have a Drink?" |- | ''[[CSI: NY]]'' | Deborah Carter | Episode: "Dead Reckoning" |- | 2010–2011 | ''{{sortname|The|Vampire Diaries}}'' | [[List of The Vampire Diaries characters#Isobel Flemming|Isobel Flemming]] | Recurring role (seasons 1–2) |- | 2012 | ''Kiss at Pine Lake'' | Zoe McDowell | rowspan="2"| Television film |- | rowspan="3"| 2013 | ''{{sortname|The|Surrogacy Trap|nolink=1}}'' | Christy Bennett |- | ''[[Graceland (TV series)|Graceland]]'' | Ashika Pearl | Episode: "Pizza Box" |- | ''[[Lost Girl]]'' | Clio | Episodes: "In Memoriam", "Sleeping Beauty School", "Lovers. Apart." |- | 2013–2014 | ''[[Defiance (TV series)|Defiance]]'' | Kenya Rosewater | Main role |- | rowspan="2"| 2015 | ''[[Bloodline (TV series)|Bloodline]]'' | Sarah Rayburn | 3 episodes |- | ''Reluctant Witness'' | Erin Villenueve | Television film |- | 2016 | ''Real Detective'' | Detective Mannina | Episode: "No One Is Safe" |- | 2017–2019 | ''[[Star Trek: Discovery]]'' | [[Amanda Grayson]] | Recurring role |- | 2019 | data-sort-value="College Admissions Scandal, The" | ''[[The College Admissions Scandal]]'' | Bethany Slade | Television film |- | 2020 | ''[[Love, Lights, Hanukkah!]]'' | Christina | Hallmark Television film<ref>{{Cite web|url = https://www.tvline.com/lists/hallmark-channel-countdown-to-christmas-movies-2020-schedule/|title = Hallmark's 'Countdown to Christmas' Schedule Includes Gay Adoption Movie, Hanukkah Celebration and More|date = September 23, 2020|access-date = September 29, 2020|archive-date = October 6, 2022|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20221006165221/https://tvline.com/lists/hallmark-channel-countdown-to-christmas-movies-2020-schedule|url-status = live}}</ref> |- | 2023 | ''[[Star Trek: Strange New Worlds]]'' | [[Amanda Grayson]] | Episode: "Charades" |} ===Dolanan vidhéo / komputer=== * ''[[24: The Game]]'' (2006), minangka Mandy == Réferènsi == [[Kategori:Lair 1975]] [[Kategori:Wong urip]] [[Kategori:Paraga Star Trek]] jj2mjvjk2pouiuwxht6ofkzsz0k3ldu 1752664 1752663 2026-08-13T19:50:32Z Meursault2004 3 /* Réferènsi */ 1752664 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Mia Kirshner Comic-Con 2012.jpg|thumb|Mia Kirshner (2012)]] '''Mia Kirshner''' (lair tanggal 25 Januari 1975)[1] iku aktris, pangripta, lan aktivis sosial Kanada. Dhèwèké kawentar olèhé maragakaké Mandy ing télévisi ing ''24'' (2001–2005), minangka Jenny Schecter ing ''The L Word'' (2004–2009), minangka Amanda Grayson ing ''[[1Star Trek: Discovery]]'' (2017–2019) lan ''[[Star Trek: Strange New Worlds]]'' (2023), lan minangka Isobel Flemming ing ''[[The Vampire Diaries]]'' (2010–2011). Aktingé ing film-filmé kalebu ''[[Love and Human Remains]]'' (1993), ''[[Exotica]]'' (1994), ''[[The Crow: City of Angels]]'' (1996), ''[[Mad City]]'' (1997), ''[[Not Another Teen Movie]]'' (2001), lan ''[[The Black Dahlia]]'' (2006). == Filmografi == ===Film=== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Year ! Title ! Role ! class="unsortable" | Notes |- | rowspan="2"| 1993 | ''[[Love and Human Remains]]'' | Benita | |- | ''[[Cadillac Girls]]'' | Page | |- | 1994 | ''[[Exotica (film)|Exotica]]'' | Christina | |- | rowspan="2"| 1995 | ''[[Murder in the First (film)|Murder in the First]]'' | Rosetta Young | |- | ''{{sortname|The|Grass Harp|The Grass Harp (film)}}'' | Maude Riordan | |- | 1996 | ''{{sortname|The|Crow: City of Angels}}'' | Sarah Mohr | |- | rowspan="2"| 1997 | ''[[Anna Karenina (1997 film)|Anna Karenina]]'' | Kitty | |- | ''[[Mad City (film)|Mad City]]'' | Laurie Callahan | |- | rowspan="2"| 1999 | ''[[The Speed of Life|Speed of Life]]'' | Sarah | |- | ''[[Out of the Cold]]'' | Deborah Berkowitz | |- | rowspan="2"| 2000 | ''Innocents'' | Dominique Denright | |- | ''Cowboys and Angels'' | Candice | |- | rowspan="3"| 2001 | ''[[Century Hotel]]'' | Dominique | |- | ''[[According to Spencer]]'' | Melora | |- | ''[[Not Another Teen Movie]]'' | Catherine Wyler | |- | rowspan="2"| 2002 | ''[[New Best Friend]]'' | Alicia Campbell | |- | ''[[Now & Forever (2002 film)|Now & Forever]]'' | Angela Wilson | |- | 2003 | ''[[Party Monster (film)|Party Monster]]'' | Natasha Gatien | |- | 2005 | ''{{sortname|The|Iris Effect|nolink=1}}'' | Rebecca | |- | 2006 | data-sort-value="Black Dahlia, The" | ''[[The Black Dahlia (film)|The Black Dahlia]]'' | [[Elizabeth Short]] | |- | 2008 | ''[[Miss Conception]]'' | Clem | |- | 2010 | ''[[30 Days of Night: Dark Days]]'' | [[List of 30 Days of Night characters#Lilith|Lilith]] | Direct-to-video film |- | 2011 | ''[[388 Arletta Avenue]]'' | Amy Walker | |- | 2012 | ''{{sortname|The|Barrens|The Barrens (film)}}'' | Cynthia Vineyard | |- | 2013 | ''[[I Think I Do]]'' | Julia | |- | 2016 | ''[[Milton's Secret]]'' | Jane Adams | |- | 2017 | ''{{sortname|A|Swinger's Weekend|nolink=1}}'' | Fiona | |- | 2021 | ''[[Crisis (2021 film)|Crisis]]'' | Susan Reimann | |} ===Télévisi=== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Year ! Title ! Role ! class="unsortable" | Notes |- | 1989 | ''[[War of the Worlds (1988 TV series)|War of the Worlds]]'' | Jo Crane | Episode: "Loving the Alien" |- | 1990 | ''[[Danger Bay]]'' | Catherine Walker | Episode: "Live Wires" |- | 1990–1991 | ''[[Dracula: The Series]]'' | Sophie Metternich | Main role |- | rowspan="2"| 1991 | ''[[E.N.G.]]'' | Risa Timerman | Episode: "Suffer the Little Children" |- | ''[[My Secret Identity]]'' | Alana Porter | Episode: "My Other Secret Identity" |- | 1991–1992 | ''[[Tropical Heat]]'' | Cathy Paige / Sandy | 2 episodes: "Runaway" , "Stranger in Paradise" |- | rowspan="2"| 1992 | ''[[Road to Avonlea]]'' | Emily Everett-Smythe | Episode: "High Society" |- | ''[[Are You Afraid of the Dark?]]'' | Pam / Dora Pease | Episode: "The Tale of the Hungry Hounds" |- | 1995 | ''Johnny's Girl'' | Amy Ross | Television film |- | 2001–2002 | ''[[Wolf Lake]]'' | Ruby Cates | Main role |- | 2001–2005 | ''[[24 (TV series)|24]]'' | [[Mandy (24 character)|Mandy]] | Recurring role |- | 2004–2009 | ''{{sortname|The|L Word}}'' | [[Jenny Schecter]] | Main role |- | 2007 | ''They Come Back'' | Faith Hardy | Television film |- | rowspan="2"| 2009 | ''{{sortname|The|Cleaner|The Cleaner (American TV series)}}'' | April May | Episode: "Does Everybody Have a Drink?" |- | ''[[CSI: NY]]'' | Deborah Carter | Episode: "Dead Reckoning" |- | 2010–2011 | ''{{sortname|The|Vampire Diaries}}'' | [[List of The Vampire Diaries characters#Isobel Flemming|Isobel Flemming]] | Recurring role (seasons 1–2) |- | 2012 | ''Kiss at Pine Lake'' | Zoe McDowell | rowspan="2"| Television film |- | rowspan="3"| 2013 | ''{{sortname|The|Surrogacy Trap|nolink=1}}'' | Christy Bennett |- | ''[[Graceland (TV series)|Graceland]]'' | Ashika Pearl | Episode: "Pizza Box" |- | ''[[Lost Girl]]'' | Clio | Episodes: "In Memoriam", "Sleeping Beauty School", "Lovers. Apart." |- | 2013–2014 | ''[[Defiance (TV series)|Defiance]]'' | Kenya Rosewater | Main role |- | rowspan="2"| 2015 | ''[[Bloodline (TV series)|Bloodline]]'' | Sarah Rayburn | 3 episodes |- | ''Reluctant Witness'' | Erin Villenueve | Television film |- | 2016 | ''Real Detective'' | Detective Mannina | Episode: "No One Is Safe" |- | 2017–2019 | ''[[Star Trek: Discovery]]'' | [[Amanda Grayson]] | Recurring role |- | 2019 | data-sort-value="College Admissions Scandal, The" | ''[[The College Admissions Scandal]]'' | Bethany Slade | Television film |- | 2020 | ''[[Love, Lights, Hanukkah!]]'' | Christina | Hallmark Television film<ref>{{Cite web|url = https://www.tvline.com/lists/hallmark-channel-countdown-to-christmas-movies-2020-schedule/|title = Hallmark's 'Countdown to Christmas' Schedule Includes Gay Adoption Movie, Hanukkah Celebration and More|date = September 23, 2020|access-date = September 29, 2020|archive-date = October 6, 2022|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20221006165221/https://tvline.com/lists/hallmark-channel-countdown-to-christmas-movies-2020-schedule|url-status = live}}</ref> |- | 2023 | ''[[Star Trek: Strange New Worlds]]'' | [[Amanda Grayson]] | Episode: "Charades" |} ===Dolanan vidhéo / komputer=== * ''[[24: The Game]]'' (2006), minangka Mandy == Réferènsi == {{reflist}} [[Kategori:Lair 1975]] [[Kategori:Wong urip]] [[Kategori:Paraga Star Trek]] 99rufiiawunfbd24hagncw9wwlmcg6w 1752666 1752664 2026-08-13T20:01:41Z Meursault2004 3 /* Film */ 1752666 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Mia Kirshner Comic-Con 2012.jpg|thumb|Mia Kirshner (2012)]] '''Mia Kirshner''' (lair tanggal 25 Januari 1975)[1] iku aktris, pangripta, lan aktivis sosial Kanada. Dhèwèké kawentar olèhé maragakaké Mandy ing télévisi ing ''24'' (2001–2005), minangka Jenny Schecter ing ''The L Word'' (2004–2009), minangka Amanda Grayson ing ''[[1Star Trek: Discovery]]'' (2017–2019) lan ''[[Star Trek: Strange New Worlds]]'' (2023), lan minangka Isobel Flemming ing ''[[The Vampire Diaries]]'' (2010–2011). Aktingé ing film-filmé kalebu ''[[Love and Human Remains]]'' (1993), ''[[Exotica]]'' (1994), ''[[The Crow: City of Angels]]'' (1996), ''[[Mad City]]'' (1997), ''[[Not Another Teen Movie]]'' (2001), lan ''[[The Black Dahlia]]'' (2006). == Filmografi == ===Film=== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Taun ! Irah-irahan ! Paraga ! class="unsortable" | Cathetan |- | rowspan="2"| 1993 | ''[[Love and Human Remains]]'' | Benita | |- | ''[[Cadillac Girls]]'' | Page | |- | 1994 | ''[[Exotica (film)|Exotica]]'' | Christina | |- | rowspan="2"| 1995 | ''[[Murder in the First (film)|Murder in the First]]'' | Rosetta Young | |- | ''{{sortname|The|Grass Harp|The Grass Harp (film)}}'' | Maude Riordan | |- | 1996 | ''{{sortname|The|Crow: City of Angels}}'' | Sarah Mohr | |- | rowspan="2"| 1997 | ''[[Anna Karenina (1997 film)|Anna Karenina]]'' | Kitty | |- | ''[[Mad City (film)|Mad City]]'' | Laurie Callahan | |- | rowspan="2"| 1999 | ''[[The Speed of Life|Speed of Life]]'' | Sarah | |- | ''[[Out of the Cold]]'' | Deborah Berkowitz | |- | rowspan="2"| 2000 | ''Innocents'' | Dominique Denright | |- | ''Cowboys and Angels'' | Candice | |- | rowspan="3"| 2001 | ''[[Century Hotel]]'' | Dominique | |- | ''[[According to Spencer]]'' | Melora | |- | ''[[Not Another Teen Movie]]'' | Catherine Wyler | |- | rowspan="2"| 2002 | ''[[New Best Friend]]'' | Alicia Campbell | |- | ''[[Now & Forever (2002 film)|Now & Forever]]'' | Angela Wilson | |- | 2003 | ''[[Party Monster (film)|Party Monster]]'' | Natasha Gatien | |- | 2005 | ''{{sortname|The|Iris Effect|nolink=1}}'' | Rebecca | |- | 2006 | data-sort-value="Black Dahlia, The" | ''[[The Black Dahlia (film)|The Black Dahlia]]'' | [[Elizabeth Short]] | |- | 2008 | ''[[Miss Conception]]'' | Clem | |- | 2010 | ''[[30 Days of Night: Dark Days]]'' | [[List of 30 Days of Night characters#Lilith|Lilith]] | Direct-to-video film |- | 2011 | ''[[388 Arletta Avenue]]'' | Amy Walker | |- | 2012 | ''{{sortname|The|Barrens|The Barrens (film)}}'' | Cynthia Vineyard | |- | 2013 | ''[[I Think I Do]]'' | Julia | |- | 2016 | ''[[Milton's Secret]]'' | Jane Adams | |- | 2017 | ''{{sortname|A|Swinger's Weekend|nolink=1}}'' | Fiona | |- | 2021 | ''[[Crisis (2021 film)|Crisis]]'' | Susan Reimann | |} ===Télévisi=== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Year ! Title ! Role ! class="unsortable" | Notes |- | 1989 | ''[[War of the Worlds (1988 TV series)|War of the Worlds]]'' | Jo Crane | Episode: "Loving the Alien" |- | 1990 | ''[[Danger Bay]]'' | Catherine Walker | Episode: "Live Wires" |- | 1990–1991 | ''[[Dracula: The Series]]'' | Sophie Metternich | Main role |- | rowspan="2"| 1991 | ''[[E.N.G.]]'' | Risa Timerman | Episode: "Suffer the Little Children" |- | ''[[My Secret Identity]]'' | Alana Porter | Episode: "My Other Secret Identity" |- | 1991–1992 | ''[[Tropical Heat]]'' | Cathy Paige / Sandy | 2 episodes: "Runaway" , "Stranger in Paradise" |- | rowspan="2"| 1992 | ''[[Road to Avonlea]]'' | Emily Everett-Smythe | Episode: "High Society" |- | ''[[Are You Afraid of the Dark?]]'' | Pam / Dora Pease | Episode: "The Tale of the Hungry Hounds" |- | 1995 | ''Johnny's Girl'' | Amy Ross | Television film |- | 2001–2002 | ''[[Wolf Lake]]'' | Ruby Cates | Main role |- | 2001–2005 | ''[[24 (TV series)|24]]'' | [[Mandy (24 character)|Mandy]] | Recurring role |- | 2004–2009 | ''{{sortname|The|L Word}}'' | [[Jenny Schecter]] | Main role |- | 2007 | ''They Come Back'' | Faith Hardy | Television film |- | rowspan="2"| 2009 | ''{{sortname|The|Cleaner|The Cleaner (American TV series)}}'' | April May | Episode: "Does Everybody Have a Drink?" |- | ''[[CSI: NY]]'' | Deborah Carter | Episode: "Dead Reckoning" |- | 2010–2011 | ''{{sortname|The|Vampire Diaries}}'' | [[List of The Vampire Diaries characters#Isobel Flemming|Isobel Flemming]] | Recurring role (seasons 1–2) |- | 2012 | ''Kiss at Pine Lake'' | Zoe McDowell | rowspan="2"| Television film |- | rowspan="3"| 2013 | ''{{sortname|The|Surrogacy Trap|nolink=1}}'' | Christy Bennett |- | ''[[Graceland (TV series)|Graceland]]'' | Ashika Pearl | Episode: "Pizza Box" |- | ''[[Lost Girl]]'' | Clio | Episodes: "In Memoriam", "Sleeping Beauty School", "Lovers. Apart." |- | 2013–2014 | ''[[Defiance (TV series)|Defiance]]'' | Kenya Rosewater | Main role |- | rowspan="2"| 2015 | ''[[Bloodline (TV series)|Bloodline]]'' | Sarah Rayburn | 3 episodes |- | ''Reluctant Witness'' | Erin Villenueve | Television film |- | 2016 | ''Real Detective'' | Detective Mannina | Episode: "No One Is Safe" |- | 2017–2019 | ''[[Star Trek: Discovery]]'' | [[Amanda Grayson]] | Recurring role |- | 2019 | data-sort-value="College Admissions Scandal, The" | ''[[The College Admissions Scandal]]'' | Bethany Slade | Television film |- | 2020 | ''[[Love, Lights, Hanukkah!]]'' | Christina | Hallmark Television film<ref>{{Cite web|url = https://www.tvline.com/lists/hallmark-channel-countdown-to-christmas-movies-2020-schedule/|title = Hallmark's 'Countdown to Christmas' Schedule Includes Gay Adoption Movie, Hanukkah Celebration and More|date = September 23, 2020|access-date = September 29, 2020|archive-date = October 6, 2022|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20221006165221/https://tvline.com/lists/hallmark-channel-countdown-to-christmas-movies-2020-schedule|url-status = live}}</ref> |- | 2023 | ''[[Star Trek: Strange New Worlds]]'' | [[Amanda Grayson]] | Episode: "Charades" |} ===Dolanan vidhéo / komputer=== * ''[[24: The Game]]'' (2006), minangka Mandy == Réferènsi == {{reflist}} [[Kategori:Lair 1975]] [[Kategori:Wong urip]] [[Kategori:Paraga Star Trek]] b5xjyft5a58tbm77w0xka4utofou4k5 0 200728 1752654 2026-08-13T16:47:52Z Auzif 50313 Created by translating the opening section from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1353646690|Newton's laws of motion]]" 1752654 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ukum ebah Newton''' yaiku telung [[ukum fisika]] sing njarwakaké gegayutan [[Obah|obahé]] sawijiné barang lan [[Gaya|gaya-gaya]] sing ngenani barang kasebut. Ukum iki minangka dedhasar '''mekanika Newton'''. Ukum iki bisa ditulis minangka : # Sawijiné barang tansah mandheg, utawa tansah mobah kanthi lelaju ajeg turut garis lenceng, kajaba ana gaya njaba sing ngenani. # Ing saben wektu, gunggungé asilan gaya sing ana jroning sawijiné barang iku sapadha [[karikatan]] barang kasebut kaping [[Massa|massané]]. Utawa sapadha lelaju owahing [[momèntum]] barang kasebut tumrap wektu. # Yen rong barang padha-padha mènèhi gaya, gaya-gaya kasebut gedhéné padha nanging séjé inger. <ref name="Thornton">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=emI4EAAAQBAJ&pg=PA49|title=Classical Dynamics of Particles and Systems|last=Thornton|first=Stephen T.|last2=Marion|first2=Jerry B.|publisher=Brooke Cole|year=2004|isbn=0-534-40896-6|edition=5th|page=49}}</ref> <ref name="Cohen&Whitman">{{Cite book|title=The Principia, The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy|last=Newton|first=I.|date=1999|publisher=University of California Press|location=Los Angeles|translator-last=Cohen|translator-first=I.B.|translator-last2=Whitman|translator-first2=A.}}</ref> Telung ukum iki diandharaké kapisan dening [[Isaac Newton]] ing bukuné ''[[Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica]]'' (Prinsip Matematika saka Filsafat Alam), sing asalé dibabar ing 1687. <ref>{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/newtonspmathema00newtrich|title=Newton's Principia: The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy|last=Newton|first=Isaac|last2=Chittenden|first2=N. W.|last3=Motte|first3=Andrew|last4=Hill|first4=Theodore Preston|date=1846|publisher=Daniel Adee|others=University of California Libraries}}</ref> Newton nganggo ukum-ukum iki kanggo nlisik lan njlentrehaké obahé maneka barang lan tatanan fisik. Kawit mangsané Newton, maneka sesurupan, utamané sing isih magepokan karo gagasan [[gandra]], wis mujudaké widang [[mekanika klasik]] sandhuwuré dhasar sing wis ditemokaké dening dhèwèké. Ing mangsa modhèren, wates saka ukum-ukum Newton diweruhi. Mula, téyori-téyori anyar digagas, kaya [[mekanika kuantum]] lan [[karelatifan]], kanggo ngrembug fisika-fisika sawijiné barang jroning kahanan-kahanan luwih angèl. 6dpri9hmoffjjglv1ez2f8kcspuz0tp 0 200729 1752669 2026-08-14T02:10:11Z Auzif 50313 Created by translating the opening section from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1367202512|Speed]]" 1752669 wikitext text/x-wiki In [[kinematika]], '''lelajuné''' barang mobah yaiku sapira akèhé let sing dilewati barang kasebut owah tumrap wektu. <ref name="HSM2023">{{Cite web|url=https://hsm.stackexchange.com/questions/10984/why-are-speed-and-velocity-not-given-the-same-name/|title=Origin of the speed/velocity terminology|publisher=History of Science and Mathematics Stack Exchange|access-date=12 June 2023}} Introduction of the speed/velocity terminology by Prof. Tait, in 1882.</ref> '''Lelaju rata-rata''' sawijiné barang jroning sawijiné wela wektu, yaiku [[Adoh|let]] sing kaliwat dening barang kasebut dipara [[Wektu ing fisika|suwené]] wela. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://physics.info/velocity/|title=Speed & Velocity|last=Elert|first=Glenn|website=The Physics Hypertextbook|access-date=8 June 2017}}</ref> '''Lelaju tleraman''' (''kelajuan sesaat'') yaiku [[Waked (matematika)|waked]] (''limit'') saka lelaju rata-rata nalika suwéné wela nyedhaki nol. Lelaju iku [[Norma (matematika)|sapira gedhéné]] kacepetan (arupa vektor), sing uga nuduhaké ingering obahan. Lelaju ndarbé [[Analisis dhimensi|peluk]] (''dimensi'') let dipara wektu. [[Sistem Pétungan Internasional|Ékan]] (''satuan'') SI kanggo lelaju yaiku [[meter ben detik]] (m/s). [[Kilometer ben jam]] (km/h), utawa ing Amérika Sarékat lan Karajan Manunggal [[mil ben jam]] (mph), uga diguna minangka ékan lelaju. Déné kanggo lelunga hawa lan segara, [[knot]] sing lumrahé diguna. Lelaju paling banter sing paling mungkin kanggo [[gandra]] lan [[desana]] bisa rumambat, miturut [[karelatifan mirunggan]], yaiku [[Lelaju cahya|lelajuning cahya]] ing ruwang ampa c = 299792458 meter ben detik (kira-kira 1079000000 km/h utawa 671000000 mph). [[Matèri|Anan]] (''materi'') ora bisa ngranggèh lelajuning cahya, amarga bakal mbutuhaké gandra kanthi gunggung tan winates. Jroning fisika karelatifan, gagasan [[kakebatan]] (''rapidity'') ngganteni gagasan kruhun (''klasik'') saka lelaju. e6qidwdwe7kbfubkhwd39tts3uzw5p9 1752681 1752669 2026-08-14T10:35:32Z Auzif 50313 /* */ 1752681 wikitext text/x-wiki In [[kinematika]], '''lelajuné''' barang mobah yaiku sapira akèhé let sing dilewati barang kasebut owah tumrap wektu. <ref name="HSM2023">{{Cite web|url=https://hsm.stackexchange.com/questions/10984/why-are-speed-and-velocity-not-given-the-same-name/|title=Origin of the speed/velocity terminology|publisher=History of Science and Mathematics Stack Exchange|access-date=12 June 2023}} Introduction of the speed/velocity terminology by Prof. Tait, in 1882.</ref> '''Lelaju rata-rata''' sawijiné barang jroning sawijiné wela wektu, yaiku [[Adoh|let]] sing kaliwat dening barang kasebut dipara [[Wektu ing fisika|suwené]] wela. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://physics.info/velocity/|title=Speed & Velocity|last=Elert|first=Glenn|website=The Physics Hypertextbook|access-date=8 June 2017}}</ref> '''Lelaju tlereman''' (''kelajuan sesaat'') yaiku [[Waked (matematika)|waked]] (''limit'') saka lelaju rata-rata nalika suwéné wela nyedhaki nol. Lelaju iku [[Norma (matematika)|sapira gedhéné]] kacepetan (arupa vektor), sing uga nuduhaké ingering obahan. Lelaju ndarbé [[Analisis dhimensi|peluk]] (''dimensi'') let dipara wektu. [[Sistem Pétungan Internasional|Ékan]] (''satuan'') SI kanggo lelaju yaiku [[meter ben detik]] (m/s). [[Kilometer ben jam]] (km/h), utawa ing Amérika Sarékat lan Karajan Manunggal [[mil ben jam]] (mph), uga diguna minangka ékan lelaju. Déné kanggo lelunga hawa lan segara, [[knot]] sing lumrahé diguna. Lelaju paling banter sing paling mungkin kanggo [[gandra]] lan [[desana]] bisa rumambat, miturut [[karelatifan mirunggan]], yaiku [[Lelaju cahya|lelajuning cahya]] ing ruwang ampa c = 299792458 meter ben detik (kira-kira 1079000000 km/h utawa 671000000 mph). [[Matèri|Anan]] (''materi'') ora bisa ngranggèh lelajuning cahya, amarga bakal mbutuhaké gandra kanthi gunggung tan winates. Jroning fisika karelatifan, gagasan [[kakebatan]] (''rapidity'') ngganteni gagasan kruhun (''klasik'') saka lelaju. 0sg76uyvmjsh26cy9eirvvcd1uxaruj 0 200730 1752671 2026-08-14T06:22:05Z Meursault2004 3 Rintisan saka [[:en:Whoopi Goldberg|]] 1752671 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Whoopi Goldberg''' (lair 1955) iku sawijiné aktris Amérika Sarékat. p0t9s09d0rtwqdkwdun18j7mz7dhxij 1752672 1752671 2026-08-14T06:27:21Z Meursault2004 3 /* Pranala njaba */ 1752672 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Caryn Elaine Johnson''' (lair 13 Novèmber 1955) utawa ditepungi kanthi profèsional minangka '''Whoopi Goldberg''' iku sawijiné aktris Amérika Sarékat. ==Pranala njaba== * {{IMDb name}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Goldberg, Whoopi}} [[Kategori:Lair 1955 [[Kategori:Wong urip]] [[Kategori:Paraga Star Trek]] [[Kategori:Wong Amérika Sarékat]] b6686xq68um7oeag27ii5974f5k6ik0 1752673 1752672 2026-08-14T06:28:14Z Meursault2004 3 + foto 1752673 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:WhoopiGoldberg-byPhilipRomano2.jpg|thumb|Whoopi Goldberg (2026)]] '''Caryn Elaine Johnson''' (lair 13 Novèmber 1955) utawa ditepungi kanthi profèsional minangka '''Whoopi Goldberg''' iku sawijiné aktris Amérika Sarékat. ==Pranala njaba== * {{IMDb name}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Goldberg, Whoopi}} [[Kategori:Lair 1955]] [[Kategori:Wong urip]] [[Kategori:Paraga Star Trek]] [[Kategori:Wong Amérika Sarékat]] paxis24efhwq2jms8yks1jotk605kgl 1752674 1752673 2026-08-14T06:29:36Z Meursault2004 3 + kategori 1752674 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:WhoopiGoldberg-byPhilipRomano2.jpg|thumb|Whoopi Goldberg (2026)]] '''Caryn Elaine Johnson''' (lair 13 Novèmber 1955) utawa ditepungi kanthi profèsional minangka '''Whoopi Goldberg''' iku sawijiné aktris Amérika Sarékat. ==Pranala njaba== * {{IMDb name}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Goldberg, Whoopi}} [[Kategori:Lair 1955]] [[Kategori:Wong urip]] [[Kategori:Paraga Star Trek]] [[Kategori:Wong Afrika-Amérika]] [[Kategori:Wong Amérika Sarékat]] 8ygevt2srabeeserpfrevr3gyhih52s 14 200731 1752675 2026-08-14T06:30:11Z Meursault2004 3 Anyar 1752675 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Kategori:Wong Amérika-Sarékat|Afrika-Amérika]] ryx1k14pb75ib9evwauiwk14j2c02ft 1752676 1752675 2026-08-14T06:30:58Z Meursault2004 3 typo 1752676 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Kategori:Wong Amérika Sarékat|Afrika-Amérika]] kuascod09chvpg0t3oxicgkyryp5lc3 2 200732 1752678 2026-08-14T06:49:06Z AyamJawa 73841 /* */ 1752678 wikitext text/x-wiki Cerita singkat permesta/prri, Mayor Jenderal Dolfedor Semuel (Dolf) Runturambi Atau Nama Samaran Jawa Runturambi, Tokoh penting di Balik Kiprah “Permesta Yard PRRI” INTELIJEN Diskursus terkait posisi gerakan Perjuangan Rakyat Semesta (Permesta) terhadap kedaulatan Republik Indonesia belum berakhir di satu titik. Sejumlah pihak masih mengganggap gerakan yang dipimpin Letkol HN Ventje Sumual ini sebagai aksi ilegal atau kudeta. Misalnya, pendapat sejarawan Belanda WF Wertheim, dalam bukunya “Indonesian Society in Transition” (-1957-1959). Di lain pihak, tidak sedikit sejarawan yang berpandangan bahwa gerakan Permesta adalah gerakan politik di daerah, bukan gerakan pemberontakan. Sejarawan Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia (LIPI) Asvi Warman Adam, bahkan sempat meminta agar pelurusan sejarah Permesta perlu disegerakan. Bagi pelaku sejarah pergerakan Permesta, meluruskan dominasi interpretasi sejarah oleh penguasa tidak mudah dilakukan. Salah satu tokoh Permesta yang terus berupaya meluruskan sejarah Permesta di sisa usianya adalah mantan Kepala Staf Angkatan Perang Permesta, Mayor Jenderal TNI AD Inf.(Purn.) Dolfedor Semuel (Dolf) Runturambi. Pria kelahiran Tondano (Tombatu), 08 september 1922, ini tak kenal putus asa melakukan pelurusan sejarah berdasarkan studi ilmiah ataupun fakta-fakta sebagai pelaku. Pada 1988, Dolfedor Semuel (Dolf) Runturambi menerbitkan buku memoar yang menguncang dominasi penulisan sejarah oleh penguasa. Buku bertajuk “Permesta: Kandasnya Sebuah Cita-cita” ini pada 1990 dilarang beredar oleh Kejaksaan Agung RI. Buku yang disusun oleh K.M.L Tobing ini dinyatakan mengandung analisa konflik dari buku “Cuplikan Sejarah Perjuangan TNI Angkatan Darat” yang diterbitkan TNI Gerakan Separatis. Dalam pandangan Dolf Runturambi, Permesta hanya memperjuangkan tiga hal, yakni pendidikan, pembangunan dan kesejahteraan rakyat, sehingga pembangunan nusa dan bangsa dapat terwujud. Tidak ada upaya untuk memisahkan diri dari Republik Indonesia. Hanya saja, karena terjadi ketimpangan pusat dan daerah atau Jawa dan luar Jawa, Permesta ingin mengoreksi ketimpangan tersebut. “Permesta merupakan upaya koreksi terhadap pemerintah pusat waktu itu, agar lebih memperhatikan pembangunan daerah, karena memang daerah tidak diperhatikan sama sekali. Di daerah kami kopra, pala, cengkeh, padi, jagung, emas itu semua mengalir ke pusat dan tidak ada yang kembali untuk pembangunan daerah kami. Hal ini yang membuat kami para perwira merasa bahwa daerahnya tidak diperhatikan. Kemudian dicetuskan lah Permesta di Makassar,” kata Dolf. Mengutip statement mantan Panglima Teritorium VII Wirabuana Letkol Ventje H.N Sumual, Dolf selalu menyatakan bahwa Permesta tidak memiliki kaitan dengan PRRI. Tetapi Permesta merupakan perjuangan pembangunan kawasan Timur Nusantara yang abadi untuk kesejahteraan rakyat di Indonesia Timur. Perjuangan Permesta memang tidak bisa lepas dari peran Mayjen Dolfedor Semuel (Dolf) Runturambi. Tokoh militer yang dikenal cerdas ini lah yang membacakan teks pemutusan hubungan dengan pemerintah pusat setelah Kolonel Joop F. Warouw gugur dalam melawan PKI dan pasukan Soeharto Kudeta bersarang di Bolaang Mongondow, ia tewas karena pemberontakan dan penghianatan banyak bersarang di bolaang mongondow melawan bangsa minahasa (Minanisme) yang tidak mau gabung dengan bangsa minahasa melawan tim jawa 1 Soekarno dan tim jawa 2 Soeharto dan akhirnya mayor jenderal Semuel dolf runturambi di minta oleh Letkol H.N. Ventje Sumual untuk kerja sama mengantikan posisi Kolonel Jacob Frederick (Joop) Warouw dan dalam bahasa Inggris melalui RRI (Radio Permesta) pada pukul 20.00, 17 oktober 1960. Sebelumnya, pada hari yang sama, Dolf runturambi memberikan orasi di depan tokoh masyarakat dalam pertemuan di Universitas Permesta, Sario Manado. Pertemuan inilah yang akhirnya menghasilkan kesepakatan, bahwa Permesta memutuskan hubungan dengan Pemerintah RI Kabinet Djuanda. Setelah pemutusan hubungan itu, KSAD A.H. Nasution mengumumkan pemecatan sekaligus memerintahkan penangkapan Letkol H.N. Ventje Sumual, Kolonel D.J. Somba, Mayor Jenderal Dolfedor Semuel (Dolf) Runturambi, Brigadir Jenderal Alex E. Kawilarang, Letnan Jenderal Eddy Frans Pelango Mongdong, H.D. Manoppo dan Jan Torar, Dan Sang Diktator Drs. Loudowik Epou Runturambi Ketua PBM-LPM sulawesi utara (Indonesia). Dedikasi Berbekal pengalaman dan kemampuan yang dimiliki, alumni Military Intelegence & Security Maresfield Camp, Southland Yard, London ini memegang posisi kunci strategi perjuangan Permesta. Apalagi perjuangan Permesta didukung intelijen Amerika Serikat (tak pasti) yang ingin membendung pengaruh Komunisme di Indonesia. Tak hanya membantu dalam hal pelatihan militer, AS juga mengirimkan berbagai macam persenjataan. Sejumlah pihak menyebut, mayor Jeremia Dolfedor Semuel (Dolf) Runturambi adalah tokoh penting di balik kiprah Badan Intelijen Permesta/Prri, “Permesta Yard”. Di mata kelompok pendukung Partai Komunisme Indonesia, mayor jenderal Semuel Dolf Runturambi adalah sosok yang ditakuti. Alumnus Communist & Anti-communist for Military Course, War College London ini lah yang membuat skenario perlawanan anti-komunisme Permesta/prri. Di tubuh Permesta sendiri sering disusupi kelompok PKI, misalnya penyusupan Kapten (APREV) Simon Ottay dari GAP (Gerakan Anti Permesta), yang berhasil dibongkar. Kalangan internal Permesta sendiri menaruh hormat kepada mayor jenderal Dolfedor Semuel (Dolf) Runturambi sebagai panglima besar permesta/prri. Tak heran jika kabar tewasnya Komandan KDP III/Bolmong-Gorontalo mayjen Semuel Dofl Runturambi, dalam kontak senjata TNI-Permesta di “Kasuang”, sempat memanaskan hubungan antara petinggi Permesta. Kepala Staf ADREV permesta/PRRI Letkol H.N Ventje Sumual sempat mengancam akan menembak mati wakil Panglima Besar permesta/PRRI brigadir Jenderal Alex E. Kawilarang, jika memang benar Mayjen Dolf Runturambi tewas di daerah Kasuang. Kabar tewasnya Mayjen Semuel Dolf Runturambi tersebut terkait pengkhianatan Letjen Eddy Frans Pelango Mongdong. Dolf, ketika menjabat sebagai Komandan KDP III sukses mencegah skenario aksi bar-bar pasukan Permesta/prri. Misalnya, mencegah aksi bumi hangus pembakaran rumah penduduk di Kotamobagu yang dilakukan pasukan Permesta dari Sekolah Pendidikan Tentara Permesta di bawah pimpinan Letkol Wim Joseph dan Kolonel J.M.J. (Nun) Pantouw. Ketika itu mayjen Dolf Runturambi melarang pembakaran rumah milik rakyat karena akan menimbulkan antipati penduduk Bolmong terhadap Permesta. Berikut cuplikan pandangan peretas otonomi daerah diurus sejarah itu, dalam wawancaranya dengan INTELIJEN, pada Februari 2011, di Jakarta. Tidak mudah meluruskan sejarah perjuangan Permesta yang dikaitkan dengan gerakan separatis. Apa sebenarnya yang diperjuangkan Permesta? Perjuangan Rakyat Semesta sebenarnya adalah bentuk perjuangan untuk membangun Republik Indonesia. Permesta memperjuangkan tiga hal mendasar bagi pembangunan bangsa, yakni pendidikan, pembangunan dan kesejahteraan rakyat. Jadi hanya tiga hal tersebut, tidak ada upaya untuk memisahkan diri dari Republik Indonesia. Bisa juga dimaknai bahwa perjuangan Permesta merupakan upaya koreksi terhadap pemerintah pusat waktu itu. Agar lebih memperhatikan pembangunan daerah, karena memang daerah tidak diperhatikan sama sekali. Misalnya, di daerah kami Sulawesi Utara, kopra, pala, cengkeh, fanili, jagung, padi, hasil tani lainnya, dan hasil tambang mas, semua mengalir ke pusat dan tidak ada yang kembali untuk pembangunan di daerah kami. Hal ini yang membuat kami, para perwira merasa bahwa daerahnya tidak diperhatikan. Kemudian dicetuskanlah Permesta di Makassar dan Manado karna keluhan rakyat, ucap dolf. Saya sendiri terlibat dalam aksi penumpasan separatis Republik Maluku Selatan (RMS) yang ingin memisahkan diri. Kami harus mempertahankan Republik Indonesia, jadi merupakan hal yang bodoh jika kami justru ingin memisahkan diri. Dalam perjalanannya, Permesta justru terlihat sebagai garda paling depan untuk menghadapi dominasi Komunisme (PKI), apakah Permesta memang ditujukan untuk membendung pengaruh Komunisme di pemerintah pusat? Saat itu kita memang menghadapi dominasi Komunisme, untuk itu kami meminta pembubaran Kabinet PM Djuanda. Saya pernah tegaskan dalam buku saya bahwa Bung Karno memang pro Komunisme. Tak salah jika banyak bergabung tokoh-tokoh Masyumi mendukung PRRI/Permesta seperti Burhanuddin Harahap, Syafrudin Prawiranegara, Sultan Hamid II, atau Sumitro Djojohadikusumo dan grup dinasti kopdarr Dr Alexander Piter Runturambi, Drs Loudowik Epou Runturambi, Mayjen Dolfedor Semuel (Dolf) Runturambi, Mayor Tommy Lobe Runturambi, Kolonel Juneles Herman Runturambi, Kombes Pol Hendrik Freddy Runturambi, dan Lettu Soeharto Logan Runturambi yang saat itu berada di luar negeri, ikut bergabung karena sebenarnya yang dihadapi adalah PKI. Kami memang menuntut agar Hatta dan Sri Sultan HB IX membentuk kabinet baru. Kendati banyak yang tidak suka terhadap kedua tokoh itu, kami menganggap keduanya adalah orang-orang yang bijak. Apalagi di sisi lain, PM Djuanda condong ke PKI. Jika memang berada di garis depan melawan PKI, mengapa pemerintahan Orde Baru tidak melakukan pelurusan sejarah terkait Permesta? Justru sehari setelah Soeharto menjadi pejabat presiden, 26 Juli 1966, para tahanan militer dan sipil yang ditahan di Rumah Tahanan Militer Setiabudi dibebaskan, termasuk tokoh-tokoh Permesta. Permesta bukan pemberontak, tetapi dengan politisasi kami disudutkan sebagai pemberontak. Istri saya seorang Letkol (Purn), setiap kali naik pangkat atau pindah jabatan harus mengikuti clearance test dari BAKIN dan Bais. Istri saya selalu katakan bahwa dia menikah dengan seorang yang disebut sebagai pemberontak PRRI/Permesta. PRRI/Permesta itu bukan pemberontak. Ini harus dibetulkan dalam sejarah. Bahwa yang disebut pemberontak adalah PKI. Jenderal Yoga Soegama selalu bersama-sama dengan saya. Jika saya pemberontak, saya sudah ditangkap, karena Yoga petinggi BISAP (Badan Informasi Staf Angkatan Perang). Hanya kami berdua ditambah Sutarto Sigit, dahulu yang dipilih untuk mengikuti pendidikan intelijen di Inggris. Permesta dianggap memberontak karena melawan operasi militer yang digelar TNI. Apa pertimbangannya ketika itu Permesta mengangkat senjata? Padahal diplomasi dan perundingan masih dimungkinkan, jika memang tuntutannya masalah perimbangan pusat dan daerah? Kami memang memiliki senjata untuk menjaga diri. Karena yang melawan Permesta bukan hanya orang-orang Republik Indonesia tetapi juga PKI. Misalnya saja PKI membentuk GAP (Gerakan Anti Permesta). Jadi bisa dimaklumi jika terjadi kontak senjata dengan TNI. Kami diminta belajar intelijen ke luar negeri agar bisa menjaga negara dan bangsa untuk tidak terpengaruh dengan hal-hal yang buruk bagi Republik Indonesia. Selain itu, kami juga memperoleh pendidikan mengenai bagaimana menjaga supaya negara dan bangsa terhindar dari rencana-rencana jahat pihak lain. Komunisme tidak akan pernah hilang. Jika negara memang sudah menetapkan anti Komunisme dan kapitalisme, sudah semestinya komunisme harus dicegah. Indonesia tidak cocok dengan Komunisme, sudah dicoba beberapa kali, tetap hancur. Saya di Permesta melarang anggota yang condong ke komunisme. Siapa saja yang melanggar akan ditangkap. Tidak boleh ada komunisme di Permesta. Biodata: Nama: Mayor Jenderal TNI AD inf. (prun.) Dolfedor Semuel (Dolf) Runturambi intelijen sniper pakar bahasa inggris jepang Belanda. Tempat & Tgl Lahir: Tondano (Tombatu) 08 september 1922 Agama: Advent hari ke tuju. Pendidikan: – Holland Inlandsche School (HIS) – Meer Uitgrebreid Lager Onderwijs (MULO) – Kotabu Kain Yo Seijo, Makasar (1950) – Militairy Intelegence & Security Training Course, Maresfield Camp, Southampton – Inggris (1951) – Scotland Yard London, Inggris – Military Police School Center, Sandhurst, Inggris (1951) – Communist & anti-comunnist for Military Course, War College London, Inggris (1952) – Sekolah Atase Militer, Cililitan/Kemayoran, Cimahi/Bandung (1952-1953) – Sekolah Staf & Komando Angkatan Darat (SSKAD), Angkatan IV (1954-1955) Karier: : – Instruktur Sekolah Pelayaran Angkatan Laut Jepang, Probolinggo (1950) – BKR Laut – Komandan BKR Laut, Probolinggo (1956) – Wakil Kepala Staf Umum Markas Tertinggi ALRI, Lawang, Jatim (April 1956) – Asisten I Staf Komando Divisi VI (Juli 1956) – Asisten I (Seksi Intel/Security) & Ka.Biro Navigasi Staf Komando ALRI Pangkalan X, Situbondo, Jatim (Oktober 56) – Pj. Kepala Staf Pangkalan IX ALRI, Probolinggo (Juli 1957) – Liaison Officer pemindahan ex Brigade XVI ke Jakarta (1959-1964) – Kepala Seksi I Stafko TT-VII/TTIT bidang Intel/Security – Kepala Biro III/Pengawasan Bangsa Asing (Biro Luar Negeri) SUAD I/MBAD (1952-1955) – Komandan Bn. Inf. 714, Sulawesi Utara (1955-1957) Permesta: – Kepala Staf Gubernur Militer Sulawesi Utara (KDM-SUT) Permesta (1957-1958) – Komandan Resimen Infanteri “Ular Hitam” KDM-SUT (Oktober 1957) – Komandan Resimen Team Pertempuran (RTP) “Ular Hitam”/Sektor I-Sulawesi Utara (KDM-SUT) untuk PRRI, Tomohon – Panglima Komando Daerah Pertempuran III Wilayah Bolaang Mongondow-Gorontalo (pangkat Mayjen), Kotamobagu (1958-1960) – Asisten KSAD (ADREV) PRRI, Kotambunan/Bolmong – Kepala Staf Angkatan Perang (KSAP) Permesta (1960-1961) Berita Palsu Pasukan Jawa: – Di Kabarkan Sudah Meninggal Di Bolmong Kota (1959-1961) Tak Tahu Sebelum Musu Bertindak Karena Kecemburuan Penguasa Dan Pangkat Sampai Mayor Jenderal Dolfedor Semuel (Dolf) Runturambi Di Jadikan Domba Hitam Oleh Elit Negara Pusat Jawa Dan Elit Negara Daerah Sulawesi Utara Sampai-Sampai Mayor Jenderal Semuel Dolf Runturambi Di Lindungi Oleh Rakyat Karena Kebaikannya Sampai-Sampai Ia Menganti Nama Semuel Runturambi Lahir Tombatu 08-09-1936 Demi Masa Depan Minahasa Sistem Ke Pemerintahan Minanisme (Idealisme) Politik Akal Sehat Dan Untuk Generasi Baru Indonesia dan Pada (1962) Ia Di Panggil Lagi Kerja Demi Negara Hingga Ia Naik Pangkat Jenderal besar Empat Bintang Menggantikan Jenderal A.H Nasution (1965) Pas Di Tahun Itu Ia Di Kudeta Oleh PKI Di Tana Jawa Di Tempat Kediamannya Dan Ia Di Beritakan Suda Meninggal Tak Tau Ia Sedang Susun Strategi Untuk Membersi PKI. War Permesta PRRI: –Tiga Alasan Indonesia Kacau Di Mana-Mana Dan Dinasti Runturambi Minahasa Lah Yang Jadi Sasaran Seperti Drs Loudowik Epou Runturambi S.fil Penerus Wakil Rakyat Minahasa PBM Dan LPM Yang Tercontreng Sebagai Gerakan Pemberontak Tak Tahu Drs Loudowik Epou Runturambi S.fil Hanya Tujuan Mengkritik Tentang Kemanusiaan Dan Pembangunan Di Blok Timur, Tapi Di Contreng Sebagai Gerakan Pemberontak Oleh Elit-Elit Jawa, Tak Tahu Merekalah Yang Blok Jawa 1 Kerja Sama Dengan Uni Soviet Dan Blok Jawa 2 Kerja Sama Dengan Amerika, Karena Mereka Takut Pusat Kota Media Indonesia Terletak Di Bagian Timur Sulawesi Utara Dan Alasannya Permesta PRRI Terjadi. –1. Minanisme Ingin Menjadi Penguasa Indonesia Pusat Kota Sulawesi Utara VS Komunisme Ingin Menjadi Penguasa Indonesia Pusat Kota Jawa Barat –2. Letkol Ventje H. N. Sumual Gerakan Basmi PKI Tim Sulawesi Utara Agar Bisa Jadi Pengganti Soekarno VS Kolonel Soeharto Gerakan Basmi PKI Tim Jawa Tenga Agar Bisa Jadi Pengganti Soekarno. –3. Kolonel D. J. Somba Saingan Kedudukan Dan Pangkat VS Brigjen A. E. Kawilarang Saingan Kedudukan Dan Pangkat –Letjen Eddy F.P Mongdong, Pro Komunisme. –Brigjen A. E. Kawilarang, Pro Soeharto. –Kolonel D. J. Somba, Pro Ventje H. N. Sumual. Dari Tiga Gerakan Ini Lah Yang Membuat Formasi Bangsa Minahasa Hancur Lebur Dan Mayor Jenderal Dolfedor Semuel (Dolf) Runturambi Dan Drs Loudowik Epou Runturambi Dan Dr Alexander Piter Runturambi Jadi Sasaran, Setidaknya Mereka Bertiga Mayjen Dolf Runturambi Dan Drs Loudowik Runturambi Dan Dr Alexander Runturambi Adalah Wakil Rakyat Sebenarnya Sulawesi Utara (Bagian Timur). Buku harian Mayor Jenderal Dolfedor Semuel (Dolf) Runturambi: kata-kata bijak sadstory darkstory vibesstory storytime cutestory ⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️ tiktok.com/@DarkZstory 💈⏭️⏮️▶️⏹️⏩⏪💈 tiktok.com/@Dark_aesthetic.1 ⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️ Kutipan Mayor Jenderal Intelijen Sniper: – Mayjen Dolf Runturambi INTELIJEN indonesia paling cerdik di masa itu, Lebih Baik Saya Hidup Sebagai Rakyat Biasa Dan Mengorbankan Titel Dan Gelarku Sebagai Pasukan Elit Negara Indonesia Yang Terbaik Dan Termuda, Dari Pada Saya Mati Seperti Domba Hitam Dan Di Fitna Sebagai Pemberontak, Karena Saya Tahu Tuhan Akan Menunjukkan Jalan Terbaik Untuk Diri Saya Dan Masa Depan Indonesia Minahasa, Hey Pemuda Pemudi Anak Bangsa, Bukalah Relasi Kalian Demi Indonesia, Ingat Jangan Jadi Ular Lebih Baik Menjadi Anjing Dari Pada Ular ! Pemahaman bangsa minahasa: Banyak manusia sekarang bingung soal lambang ini, banyak bertanya-tanya, mana lambang yang sebenarnya milik bangsa minahasa, lambang milik bangsa minahasa itu ada dua, satu lambang adat satu lambang pemerintah dan pasukan kusus, karena jaman dulu belum ada indonesia suda ada bangsa minahasa dan kaya raya oleh kekayaan alam nusantara, dan bangsa minahasa memiliki pemerintah yang harus di dengar seperti pisok tu'a orang adat, pisok tu'a itu kalau di jaman sekarang itu seperti gubernur harus di dengar, dan laskar pisok malesung itu adalah waranei pasukan bangsa minahasa, kalau sekarang tentara nasional indonesia kopassus, jadi jaman ke jaman pisok tu'a itu semakin di lupakan, dan berakhir pada urutan pisok tu'a di bawa ini. Pisok tu'a Tasik Pisok tu'a Tambanas Pisok tu'a Rumondor Pisok tu'a Tololiu Pisok tu'a Macawalang Pisok tu'a Poundalos Pisok tu'a Wourang Pisok tu'a Ratu Okie Pisok tu'a Mande dan hilang suda tentang sejara bangsa minahasa karena kedatangan belanda di tana bangsa minahasa dan di bangkitkan oleh Dr Alexander Piter runturambi s fil sebagai pisok tu'a bangsa minahasa mendirikan partai buruh Minanisme (minahasa) sistem politik idealisme akal sehat dan membangkitkan laskar pisok malesung kopassus komando pasukan kusus (waranei) minahasa di lanjutkan ke pemimpinan Dr alexander Piter Runturambi s.fil sebagai pisok tu'a di sulawesi utara sekalian wakil rakyat dan di lanjutkan oleh Drs Loudowik Epou Runturambi s.fil akhirnya bangsa minahasa runtu karena prilaku tiga sistem politik seperti komunisme, kapitalisme dan kedaulatan hanya untuk kekuasaan indonesia, jadi banyak yang tak tau tentang perjalanan hidup bangsa minahasa, mereka takut bangsa minahasa bangkit lagi jadi mereka bersi keras menghancurkan semuanya. tiga filosofi kemanusiaan tentang politik dan kesejahteraan yang bersaing di dunia dari masa ke masa. idealisme; filsuf minahasa Dr Alexander Piter Runturambi: 1:-berbua menjadi minalistic atau bisa di sebut minanisme. matrealisme; filsuf uni soviet Dr Karl Marx: 2:-berbua menjadi komunistic atau bisa di sebut komunisme. pragmatisme; filsuf america Dr Adam Smith: 3:-berbua menjadi kapitalistic atau bisa di sebut kapitalisme. Ini adalah nama Minahasa Tombatu, marganya adalah Runturambi dinasti KOPDARR komando pasukan darah runturambi. Indentitas asli dan pangkat terakhir Jenderal Besar TNI (Purn.) Dolfedor Semuel (Dolf) Runturambi Potret Dolfedor, 1965 Ketua Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat Sementara ke-3 Masa jabatan 02 Mei 1964 – 30 September 1965 Presiden Soekarno Pendahulu Idham Chalid Pengganti A.H Nasution Menteri Pertahanan dan Keamanan Indonesia ke-13 Masa jabatan 10 Juli 1962 – 24 Februari 1965 Presiden Soekarno Pendahulu Sarbini Pengganti A.H Nasution Panglima Angkatan Bersenjata Republik Indonesia/Kepala Staf Angkatan Bersenjata Republik Indonesia ke-4 dan ke-6 Masa jabatan 1959–1965 Presiden Soekarno Pendahulu Soerjadi Soerjadarma Pengganti A.H Nasution Masa jabatan 1961–1965 Presiden Soekarno Pendahulu Soeharto Pengganti A.H Nasution Kepala Staf TNI Angkatan Darat ke-3 dan ke-6 Masa jabatan 27 Desember 1952 – 18 Oktober 1965 Presiden Soekarno Pendahulu Bambang Soegeng Pengganti A.H Nasution Masa jabatan 1 November 1962 – 21 Juni 1965 Presiden Soekarno Pendahulu Ahmad Yani Pengganti A.H Nasution Wakil Panglima Besar Tentara Keamanan Rakyat Indonesia ke-2 Masa jabatan 1953–1956 Presiden Soekarno Panglima Soedirman Pendahulu Maraden Panggabean Pengganti A.H Nasution Informasi pribadi Lahir 08 September 1922 Sulawesi, Minahasa, Tombatu, Hindia Belanda Meninggal 24 November 2018 (umur 96) Jakarta, Indonesia Makam Taman Makam Pahlawan Nasional Utama Kalibata Partai politik Golkar Afiliasi politik lainnya IPKI (dahulu) Suami/istri Hesti Dece Heni Pelango Mongdong ​(m. 1952) Anak 10, termasuk Letnan dua Rickardi Logan Jort Runturambi Profesi Perwira Angkatan Darat intelijen dan politikus Penghargaan sipil Pahlawan Nasional Indonesia Tanda tangan Julukan Pak Dolf Karier militer Pihak Hindia Belanda Indonesia Dinas/cabang Tentara Kerajaan Hindia Belanda Tentara Nasional Indonesia Angkatan Darat Masa dinas 1941–1951 1955–1972 Pangkat Jenderal Besar TNI NRP 13619 Satuan Infanteri Komando Lihat daftar Divisi Siliwangi Tentara Nasional Indonesia Angkatan Darat Angkatan Bersenjata Republik Indonesia Pertempuran/perang Lihat daftar Perang Dunia II Kampanye Hindia Belanda Pertempuran Jawa Revolusi Nasional Indonesia Pemberontakan PKI 1948-1965 Agresi Militer Belanda II Serangan Umum 1 Maret 1949 Peristiwa 17 Oktober Pemberontakan Darul Islam Invasi Ambon Pemberontakan PRRI Pemberontakan Permesta Sengketa Irian Barat Operasi Trikora Operasi Dwikora Gerakan 30 September Operasi Trisula Tanda Jasa/kehormatan Lihat daftar Bintang Dharma Bintang Gerilya Bintang Kartika Eka Paksi Pratama Bintang Kartika Eka Paksi Nararya Bintang Sewindu Bintang Bhayangkara Satyalancana Kesetiaan X Penghargaan Pahlawan Nasional Indonesia Grand Cross 1st class of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany (en) Bintang Republik Indonesia Bintang Mahaputra Grand Cross of the Order of Orange-Nassau (en) Sunting kotak info • L • B Dolfedor Semuel (Dolf) Runturambi (8 September 1922– 24 November 2018) adalah seorang jenderal berpangkat tinggi dan politikus Indonesia. Ia bertugas di militer selama Revolusi Nasional Indonesia dan ia tetap di militer selama gejolak berikutnya dari demokrasi Parlementer dan Demokrasi Terpimpin. Setelah jatuhnya Presiden Soekarno dari kekuasaan, ia menjadi Ketua Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat Sementara (MPRS) di bawah presiden Soeharto. Lahir dari keluarga Drs Loudowik Epou Runturambi, di desa Tombatu, ia belajar mengajar dan mendaftar di akademi militer di Bandung. Ia menjadi anggota Tentara Kerajaan Hindia Belanda (KNIL), tetapi setelah invasi Jepang, ia bergabung dengan Pembela Tanah Air (PETA). Setelah proklamasi kemerdekaan, ia mendaftar di angkatan bersenjata Indonesia yang masih muda, dan bertempur selama Revolusi Nasional Indonesia. Pada tahun 1946, ia diangkat menjadi komandan Divisi Yogjakarta, unit gerilya yang beroperasi di Jawa Timur. Setelah revolusi nasional berakhir, ia diangkat menjadi Kepala Staf Angkatan Darat, sampai ia diskors karena keterlibatannya dalam peristiwa 17 Oktober bersama S.H Nasution, Tapi Dolf diangkat lagi kembali ke posisi itu pada tahun 1955, dan ia pinda menjabat sebagai kepala Staf persenjataan Sulawesi ular hitam 1956-1961 sambil mendamaikan PERMESTA di Sulawesi, dan ia kembali pinda menjabat sebagai kepala staf persenjataan Jawa Barat 1962-1965 sambil mendamaikan PRRI hingga ia di incar pada percobaan kudeta oleh rezim komonisme dan pasukan rezim kapitalisme. Pada tahun 1965, terjadi percobaan kudeta yang dilakukan oleh Partai Komunis Indonesia (PKI). Markas Dolfedor Semuel (Dolf) Runturambi diserang, dan Istri pertamanya di serang pas Semuel Dolf Runturambi tidak ada di tempat itu, tapi istri pertamanya dan anaknya Jokowi berhasil melarikan diri dengan memanjat tembok dan bersembunyi di kediaman duta besar Irak. Dalam gejolak politik berikutnya, ia membantu kenaikan Presiden Soeharto, dan diangkat sebagai Ketua Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat Sementara. Ia berselisih dengan Soeharto, yang melihatnya sebagai saingan, dan dia digulingkan dari kekuasaan pada tahun 1972. Begitu ia dicopot dari posisi kekuasaan, Dolf Runturambi berkembang menjadi lawan politik Rezim Orde Baru Soeharto, Meskipun ia dan Soeharto mulai berdamai pada 1980-an, Ia meninggal pada 24 November 2018 di Sulawesi Minahasa Tombatu, setelah menderita tulang belakang melemah, Jenazahnya dikebumikan di makam keluarga di Tombatu tapi namanya di makamkan di Pahlawan Kalibata. Dolfedor Semuel (Dolf) Runturambi diangkat menjadi seorang pahlawan nasional Indonesia. Dolfedor Semuel (Dolf) Runturambi merupakan konseptor Dwifungsi ABRI yang disampaikan pada tahun 1959 yang kemudian diadopsi selama pemerintahan Soeharto. Konsep dasar yang ditawarkan tersebut merupakan jalan agar ABRI tidak harus berada di bawah kendali sipil, tetapi pada saat yang sama tidak boleh mendominasi sehingga menjadi sebuah kediktatoran militer. Bersama Soeharto dan A.H Nasution, Soedirman, Dolfedor Semuel (Dolf) Runturambi menerima pangkat kehormatan Jenderal Besar yang dianugerahkan pada tanggal 5 Oktober 1997, saat ulang tahun ABRI, karna Dolfedor Semuel Dolf Runturambi di bidang militer intelijen angkatan darat jadi ia sedikit di rahasiakan oleh negara Indonesia, tapi ia di karuniai pangkat jenderal besar Lima bintang pahlawan Nasional Indonesia bersama Soedirman Akmil Angkatan darat, Nasution Akmil Angkatan udara, Soeharto akmil angkatan laut, Dolfedor Semuel (Dolf) Runturambi Akmil angkatan darat Intelijen Sniper, ia pensiun 1972 berusia 50 tahun berpangkat jenderal empat bintang tapi 1997 ia di anugerahi Pangkat sebagai jenderal besar lima bintang karna ia paling banyak berkorban dalam Bangsa dan negara. hidup adalah impian bagi orang bijak, lelucon bagi orang kaya, cobaan bagi orang miskin, rejeki bagi orang sabar, kehormatan bagi orang cerdik, dan selamat bagi orang yang beriman. Foto mahal sepanjang masa Jenderal Besar Lima bintang Dolfedor Semuel (Dolf) Runturambi ia di panggil pak Jawa karna ia adalah raja Jawa yang sebenarnya ia asal Sulawesi Utara Minahasa tenggara kecamatan Tombatu suku tonsawang dan dia di juluki pangeran samudera timur benua Atlantis bangsa minahasa yang sekarang suda menjadi Nusantara Indonesia dan sekitarnya, bagian teluk Myanmar teluk Thailand Singapura Malaysia Brunei Philipina timur Lesta Papua Nugini, banyak tidak tau bahwa Soeharto dan Dolfedor wajah mereka hampir mirip tapi perbedaan Soeharto tidak ada Fara di dagu dan Fara di legan tapi Dolfedor ada Fara di dagu dan Fara di lengan, suda paham kan dengan tiki-taka Indonesia merahasiakan tentang pangeran jenderal besar empat bintang Dolfedor Semuel (Dolf) Runturambi, foto ini di ambil saat ia bertugas di Jawa saat ia masi berpangkat brigadir jenderal dan ia terlihat sangat gemuk dan tampan dan ia pensiun sebagai jenderal besar empat bintang karna dia adalah intelijen sniper paling cerdik di Indonesia dan foto semua ini adalah dia saat ia masih muda dan suda sedikit tua dan suda tua sekali dan hidup ia sangat umur panjang hingga sembilan pulu enam tahun baru ia tutup usia, kata-kata andalannya, dia adalah aku dan aku adalah dia. Jika orang berbicara buruk tentang kamu, tidak perlu kamu menghentikan dan menutup mulut mereka, cukup tutup kupingmu dengan dua tanganmu, dan bungkam mulut mereka dengan prestasimu, ketika mereka menghujat dan menjelekkanmu, tidak perlu di balas dengan hujatan, tapi jadikan itu motivasi untuk berbuat sesuatu yang lebih baik, dan bermanfaat yang akan membuat kamu lebih maju, dan menciptakan prestasi untuk dirimu, karena kebahagian dan masa depanmu tidak tergantung apa kata orang, tetapi tergantung apa kata Tuhan, dan bagaimana cara kamu untuk meraihnya, tetap semangat lakukan aktivitasmu, doakan apa yang kamu kerjakan dan kerjakan apa yang kamu doakan, dan tetaplah mendoakan mereka yang telah meremehkanmu, agar jadi berkat bagi mereka sekali pun mereka membenci dan tidak menyukaimu, ingat jangan muda lelah hati karna perkataan mereka padamu, karna jika kamu lelah hati bisa menghilangkan semua milikmu, bersabarlah dan berdoa, agar apa yang kamu inginkan akan terpenuhi bersama Tuhan yang kamu semba, karna apa yang kamu minta pada doamu dengan tulus pada tuhan, maka tuhan takkan membiarkanmu, kejarlah prestasimu dan buktikan pada mereka bahwa kamu bisa, jalankan aktivitasmu di hari-hari dengan penuh percaya diri, sampai semua keinginanmu tercapai, ingat, jangan lupa carilah kerajaan sorga, agar kamu bisa merai apa yang kamu inginkan, karna tuhan slalu menyertaimu jika kamu tulus pada tuhanmu. bt03qx69bux8lqy43ee7dgnmi9yxlgh 0 200733 1752680 2026-08-14T10:24:03Z Auzif 50313 Created by translating the opening section from the page "[[:id:Special:Redirect/revision/29478945|LRT Sumatera Selatan]]" 1752680 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox public transit|name=Lelana Rel Tumunggal Sumatra Kidul|image=LRTPalembang Line Code.png|imagesize=40px|locale=[[Palembang]], [[Indonesia]]|transit_type=[[Lintas Rel Terpadu]]|began_operation={{Start date and age|2018|08|01}}<ref name=dibuka/>|lines=2|stations=13|headway=17 menit|ridership=±9.000 (hari kerja)<br/>±13.000 (akhir pekan)<ref name="operation">{{Cite web |last=Rosana |first=Dolly |title=KAI tambah jam operasional LRT Sumsel |url=https://www.antaranews.com/berita/3098297/kai-tambah-jam-operasional-lrt-sumsel |access-date=2022-09-08 |website=Antara News}}</ref>|system_length={{convert|24,5|km|lk=on|abbr=on}}|track_gauge={{railGauge|1067mm|lk=on}}|operator=[[Kereta Api Indonesia]] [[Divisi Regional III Palembang]]|owner={{ubl |[[Direktorat Jenderal Perkeretaapian]] |[[Kota Palembang#Pemerintahan|Pemerintah Kota Palembang]] |[[Sumatera Selatan#Pemerintahan|Pemerintah Provinsi Sumatera Selatan]] }}|headquarters=|el=750 V DC [[rel ketiga]]|website=|map={{Jalur 1 LRT Palembang|inline=y}}|map_name=|map_state=collapsed|average_speed={{convert|40|km/h|lk=on|abbr=on}}<ref name="tribunv">{{cite news |title=Jajal Uji Coba Dinamis LRT Sumsel, Menhub Budi Sebut Segini Kecepatan Maksimalnya |url=http://video.tribunnews.com/view/53395/jajal-uji-coba-dinamis-lrt-sumsel-menhub-budi-sebut-segini-kecepatan-maksimalnya |accessdate=20 August 2018 |work=[[Tribunnews|Tribunnews.com]] |date=28 May 2018 }}</ref>|top_speed={{convert|80|km/h|lk=on|abbr=on}}<ref name="tribunv"/>|image2=Lrt palembang.jpg|imagesize2=200px}} '''Lelana Rel Tumunggal (LRT) Sumatra Kidul''' yaiku [[Angkudan rikat|tata tetumpakan rikat]] arupa [[Lelana Rel Tumunggal]] lumaku ing [[Kutha Palémbang|Palémbang]], [[Sumatra Kidul]]. Angkudan iki nyambungaké [[Papan Anggegana Nagarantra Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II]] lan [[Kompleks Ulahraga Jakabaring]]. LRT iki diwangun minangka srana angudan kanggo warga Palémbang lan sakiwa tengené. Uga kanggo ngangkud para panonton lan ulahragawan nalika [[Pekan Olahraga Asia 2018|Pista Ulahraga Asia 2018]]. Proyèk iki dikira-kira ngentèkaké dana paling ora Rp10,9 trilyun rupiah. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2017/04/25/construction-of-lrt-in-palembang-reaches-40-percent.html|title=Construction of LRT in Palembang reaches 40 percent|date=25 April 2017|work=The Jakarta Post|access-date=22 May 2017}}</ref> LRT Sumatra Kidul dikemunah dening [[PT. Kereta Api Indonesia|PT Kereta Api Indonesia]] [[Divisi Regional III Palémbang]]. Sepur iki minangka tata sesepuran aringan modhèren kapisan sing lumaku ing Indhonésia. syme03vgzca2efr6b18zsv42av1578a