Wikipédia jvwiki https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Pendhapa MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.17 first-letter Médhia Mirunggan Parembugan Naraguna Parembugan Naraguna Wikipédia Parembugan Wikipédia Barkas Parembugan Barkas MédhiaWiki Parembugan MédhiaWiki Cithakan Parembugan Cithakan Pitulung Parembugan Pitulung Kategori Parembugan Kategori Gapura Parembugan Gapura TimedText TimedText talk Modhul Parembugan Modhul Acara Pembicaraan Acara 0 71709 1755903 1716834 2026-09-01T00:33:48Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1755903 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:Dieng.jpg|thumb|200px|Dieng Plateau Area]] '''Pareden Diyeng'''<ref>Miturut judul buku ''Cariyos Tanah Pareden Diyeng'' (1911) dening Prawirasudirja</ref> ({{Jawa|ꦥꦂꦲꦼꦢꦺꦤ꧀ꦢꦶꦪꦺꦁ}}), utawa '''Dataran dhuwur Dieng''', utawa '''Gunung Dieng''' punika salah satunggaling panggènan wisata ingkang wonten ing [[Kabupatèn Banjarnegara]] lan [[Kabupatèn Wonosobo]].<ref name="internet1">[http://www.diengplateau.com/ Copyright copy left 2010 Dieng Plateau Tourism - News And Articles About Tourism, Culture In Dieng Plateau] (Dipuntingali tanggal 2 April 2011)</ref> Dieng asalipun saking tembung sansekerta inggih punika "Di" ingkang gadhah teges panggènan ingkang inggil utawi gunung lan "Hyang" ingkang tegesipun kahyangan.<ref name="internet2">[http://www.central-java-tourism.com/désa-wisata/in/dieng.htm Dieng]{{Pranala mati|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} (Dipuntingali tanggal 31 Maret 2011)</ref> Kanthi nggabungaken tembung-tembung kalawau tembung "Dieng" gadhah teges laladan [[pagunungan]] kanggé para déwa [[semedi]].<ref name="internet2"/> Masarakat wonten ing sakiteré Dieng ngandelaken kebutuhan ekonominipun saking babagan tetanèn.<ref name="internet3">[http://savedieng.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=65:profil-dieng&catid=38:artikel&Itemid=67 Pofil Dieng] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110818184512/http://www.savedieng.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=65:profil-dieng&catid=38:artikel&Itemid=67 |date=2011-08-18 }} (Dipuntingali tanggal 2 April 2011)</ref> Langkung saking 4000 hèktar kawasan Dieng didadosaken area budidaya [[kenthang]].<ref name="internet3"/> Wonten ing dieng punika uga saged dipuntingali candhi corak [[Hindhu]] kanthi ''arsitèktur'' ingkang saé lan unik.<ref name="internet4">[http://travel.okezone.com/read/2011/03/10/407/433677/dieng-tempat-para-déwa-bersemayam Dieng, Tempat Para Dewa Bersemayam ] (Dipuntingali tanggal 4 April 2011)</ref> == Objek Wisata == ==== Agro Wisata Tambi ==== [[Gambar:Tambi.jpg|thumb|200px|Kebon [[Teh]] Tambi]] Argo Wisata Tambi wonten léréng [[gunung Sindoro]], ingkang inggilipunpun 1200 mèter dumugi 2000 mèter saknginggilipun lumah [[sagara]].<ref name="internet2"/> Suhu udara wonten ing kawasan punika antawis 15 drajat [[Célcius]] dumugi 24 drajat Célcius.<ref name="internet2"/> PT Tambi ngemunah tigang unit pakebonan teh ingkang manggèn wonten ing [[désa Bedakah]], [[Tanjungsari]] lan [[désa Tambi]] ingkang wiyaripunpun dumugi 829 Ha ingkang wonten ''fasilitas'' pondhok wisata, pamancingan, lapangan tenis, taman dolanan lan pabrik teh.<ref name="internet2"/> ==== Arung Heram Kali Serayu ==== {{main|Kali Serayu}} [[Gambar:serayu.jpg|thumb|left|200px|kali serayu]] Wisata kali serayu punika [[désa Tungguro]] ngantos dumugi [[désa Singomerto]] ingkang jarakipun watawis 12 kilomèter.<ref name="internet2"/> ==== Kawah si Kidang ==== [[Gambar:Kawah sikidang.jpg|thumb|200px|Kawah Si Kidang Kabupatèn Banjarnegara]] Kawasan punika manggén wonten ing sisih [[Tlaga Warna]] lan kawah punika saged medalaken swanten kados swanten kas [[Jawa]] ingkang sinebut "[[Kendang]]".<ref name="internet2"/> Sanésipun kawah si kidang punika inggih taksih kathah kawah-kawah ingkang sanèsipun.<ref name="internet2"/> Kawah Sikidang dados panggénan paling faforit kanggé para wisatawan ingkang sowan ing kabupatén Banjarnegara.<ref name="internet6">[http://teamtouring.net/eksotisme-kawah-sikidang.html teamtouring.net] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110429185524/http://teamtouring.net/eksotisme-kawah-sikidang.html |date=2011-04-29 }} (Dipuntingali tanggal 10 mei 2011)</ref> Kawah si kidang punika awujud kawah [[vulkanik]] kanthi ''lubang kepundan'' ingkang saged dipuntingali saking ''bibir kawah''.<ref name="internet6"/> Uap toya lan [[lava]] warna kelabu ingkang asring ''bergolak'' lan medalipun boten satunggal panggènan kados [[kidang]] ingkang mlumpat.<ref name="internet6"/> Saking prakawis kala wau punika ingkang ndadosaken kawah punika dipunparingi nama Kawah Si Kidang.<ref name="internet6"/> Ngantos dumugi sapunika Kawah Sikidang taksih aktif.<ref name="internet6"/> Wonten ing kawah si kidang punika ambu saking [[belérang]] krasa sanget lan suhunipun anget.<ref name="internet6"/> Saking tebihan uga katingal [[sumur geothermal]] tuwa inkyang taksih ''beroperasi'' ngantos sapunika.<ref name="internet6"/> Energi panas bumi ingkang wonten dipunmanfaataken kanggé pembangkit listrik ing laladan Diéng.<ref name="internet6"/> Kawah si kidang punika kawah ingkang paling ageng wonten ing wewengkon dieng.<ref name="internet6"/> ==== Tlaga Menjer ==== [[Gambar:Telaga Menjer.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Telaga Menjer]] Tlaga mpunika awujud tlaga alam ingkang paling wiyar wonten ing [[kabupatén Wonosobo]].<ref name="internet2"/> Mangenipun wonten ing 1300 mèter sakng inggil lumah [[sagara]].<ref name="internet2"/> Wiyaripun awetawis 70 hèktar saha gadhah jero dumugi 45 mèter.<ref name="internet2"/> Tlaga Menjer mapan wonten ing [[désa Maron]] [[kacamatan Garung]], tebihipun awetawis 12 kilomèter sisih lèr [[kabupatén Wonosobo]].<ref name="internet2"/> Rute tumuju objek plesiran punika cekap gampil, nanging informasi ingkang sakedhik ngengingi objek plesiran punika ndadosaken kathah wisatawan boten mangertos ngengingi panggènan objek plesiran punika.<ref name="internet2"/> Tlaga Menjer punika tlaga ingkang wonten amargi jeblugan vulkanik wonten [[Gunung Pakuwaja]].<ref name="internet2"/> ==== Komplek Candhi Arjuna ==== [[Gambar:candhi arjuna.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Candhi Arjuna]] Komplék Candhi Arjuna punika arup kumpulan candhi.<ref name="internet2"/> Candhi ingkang wonten ing komplék candhi punika kadostah [[candhi Arjuna]], [[candhi Semar]], [[candhi Srikandi]], [[candhi Puntadéwa]], saha [[candhi Sembadra]].<ref name="internet2"/> Candhi-candhi punika jaman rumiyin kanggé panggĻnan ngibadah umat [[hindhu]].<ref name="internet2"/> Kelompok Candhi Arjuna punika kasusun saking gangsal candhi ingkang dados kalih dhérét.<ref name="internet2"/> Dhérét pisanan wonten ing sisih wétan ingkang kasusun saking sekawan candhi ingkang sadaya madhep ngilèn.<ref name="internet2"/> Candhi ingkang sisih wétan wonten candhi Arjuna, candhi Srikandi, candhi Puntadewa saha candhi Sembadra.<ref name="internet2"/> Dhèrèt ingkang sisih kilèn inggih punika candhi-candhi Semar ingkang adhep-adhepan kaliyan candhi Arjuna.<ref name="internet2"/> Candhi-candhi ingkang wonten kompleks candhi Arjuna ngadhahi ciri piyambak-piyambank saha dipunyasa boten sesarengan.<ref name="internet2"/> Candhi-candhi punika dipunyasa kanggé [[meditasi]] utawa [[tapa]].<ref name="internet2"/> ==== Ngruwat Rambut Gèmbèl ==== [[Gambar:dien 5|thumb|250px|Ruantan rambut gimbal]] Ritual ruwat rambut gémbél punika awujud tradhisi ingkang taksih wonten ing [[kacamatan Kejajar]], tebihipun 17 kilométer sisih lèr [[kitha Wonosobo]].<ref name="internet2"/> Wonten ing sakupenging tlatah punika kathah laré ingkang gadhah rambut [[gémbél]].<ref name="internet2"/> Miturut cariyos, rambut gémbél punika titipan saking [[Kyai Kolodété]].<ref name="internet2"/> Laré gémbél punika dipunanggep "[[balak]]" ingkang kedah [[dipunruwat]], nganggé acara upacara tradhisi "[[Ruwatan]]".<ref name="internet2"/> Upacara punika dipunadani manawi sampun wonten panyuwun saking laré marang tiyang sepuhipun.<ref name="internet2"/> Upacara tradhisi ruwatan rambut gembel dipunadani kanthi cara-cara ingkang mirunggan.Sadèrèngipun upacara dipunwiwiti dipunbetahaken persiapan-persiapan langkung rumiyin kados ta pepenginanipun laré ingkang badhé dipunruwat saha sesajen. Sesajen ingkang dipun-ginakaken kados ta tumpeng, ayam, toya ingkang dipuncampur kaliyan kembang setaman, beras, saha ali-ali. ==== Undha Usukipun Ruwatan Rambut Gèmbèl ==== Miturut legenda, ruwatan rambut gembel punika asalipun saking cariyos [[Kyai Kolodete]], miturut kapitadosan para warga Wonosobo, Kyai Kolodete punika ingkang ngadegaken [[Kabupatèn Wonosobo]], malah Kyai Kolodete punika dipunpitados panguwaos utawi merkayangan. wonten ing [[Gunung Kendhil]] punika dipunpitados minangka pekaringanipun Kyai Kolodete kaliyan Garwanipun. Pekaringan punika saking tembung "karing" utawi papan kanggé nggaringaken. Hawa asrep wonten ing Dieng punika, dadosaken pakulinan para warga kanggé karing, samanten ugi Kyai Kolodete punika ugi karing ngantos rambut punika dados gimbal malah ngantos moksa. versi sanès nyariosaken bilih Kyai Kolodete utawi Tumenggung Kolodete punika pimpinan utawi tiyang ingkang gadhah prabawa wonten ing kawedanan Kertek saha kiwa tengenipun. Panjenenganipun inggih punika kyai ingkang gadhah rambut gembel utawi gimbal, jabat dados kebayan wonten ing [[dhusun Tegalsari]], [[Kertek]], Wonosobo. Kyai Kolodete punika putra saking [[Kyai Badar]] ingkang gesang wonten ing Tegalsari. Kados déné pangajab saking warga sanès, Kyai Kolodete ugi gadhah maksud dadosaken Dhusun saha warganipun maju lan sejahtera. panjenenganipun dipunajeni dhateng para warga awit wibawa saha wicaksana anggènipun tumindak. wonten ing salah satunggaling dinten, Kyai Kolodete nyalon dados lurah dhateng Mataram. Nanging boten dipunijabahi tanpa nalar. Prastawa punika dadosaken para warga kuciwa, samanten ugi Kyai Kolodete, lajeng Kyai Kolodete badhé mingkur saking ramenipun kawontenan. sadèrèngipun tapa, Kyai Kolodete punika atur pangandikan, pangandikan punika makaten: ''"Mung semene waé anggonku nyuwita pamaréntah aku arep menyang Dieng"'' Lajeng panjenenganipun nyuwun dhateng dewata, bilih supados ingkang dados pangajab punika kelakon, inggih punika damel seneng saha damel mulya para warga. Tandha tresna Kyai Kolodete dhateng para warga kedahipun dewata sarujuk, minangka dados tandha tersna inggih punika supados keturunanipun kados Kyai Kolodete inggih punika rikmanipun gembel. ingkang dados pangajabipun Kyai Kolodete punika dados kasunyatan. para warga lajeng nyebat para bocah ingkang gembel punika bocah bajang utawi bocah gembel saha dipunpitados keturunanipun Kyai Kolodete ingkang wekdal tertamtu kedah dipunruwat. ==== Nyadran Suran Masarakat Désa Pagerejo lan Masarakat Dusun Gianti ==== Ritual punika dipunwontenaken kanggé méngeti dinten dadosipun [[désa Pagareja]] [[kacamatan Sélomerto]] lan [[dhusun giyanti]] ingkang limrahipun dibacutaken kaliyan [[Merdi Dusun]] sarta upacara [[Ténongan]] lajeng dibacutaken pagelaran kagunan tradhisional sewengi muput.<ref name="internet2"/> === Papan Kangge pados Oléh-oléh === Wisatawan wonten ingkang nglencér wonten ing Diéng saged pados oléh-oléh wonten papan ingkang sampun dipunsiapakén.<ref name="internet2"/> Wonten ing punjer kerajinan keramik wisatawan saged nonton-nonton lan tumbas jinis keramik ingkang wonten.<ref name="internet2"/> Motif kas saking [[keramik klampok]] [[Banjarnegara]] dados daya tarik ingkang utama.<ref name="internet2"/> Kejaba saking punika ingkang dados kas saking diéng wonten [[Kacang Diéng]], [[Carica]], [[Kenthang]], [[Asparagus]], [[Jamur Diéng]] lan Ramuan [[purwaceng]] kang gunanipun kanggé ngangetken awak.<ref name="internet5">{{Cite web |url=http://www.banjarnegarakab.go.id/v2/wisata/wisata-alam |title=Dataran Tinggi Dieng (Dieng Plateu) |access-date=2011-04-05 |archive-date=2011-06-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110603152718/http://www.banjarnegarakab.go.id/v2/wisata/wisata-alam |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Sarana Panyengkuyung == Kanggé nyengkuyung objék wisata diéng, [[Diéng Plateau Theatre]] (DPT) dipunyasa saking prakarsa [[gubernur]] [[Jawa Tengah]] [[H. Mardiyanto]].<ref name="internet2"/> Alasanipun amarga léréng bukit Sikendil saged dados magnét ingkang kiat kanggé ngembangkén pariwisata wonten ing [[Provinsi Jawa Tengah]].<ref name="internet2"/> == Cathetan suku == {{reflist}} {{Kuil Hindhu Indonésia}} [[Kategori:Gunung]] [[Kategori:Papan wisata ing Kabupatèn Wanasaba]] bqv31gml15dfnhaip3gnk956e61ta1a 0 74623 1755915 1557911 2026-09-01T05:44:37Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1755915 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:Different ketchup in a plate 122425.jpg|thumb|300 px|Saos tomat]] '''Saos tomat''' ya iku saos kang digawé saka [[woh]] [[tomat]] kang wis dimasak lan ditambahi [[gula]], [[uyah]], [[cuka]], lan bumbu kang wujud bumbon crakèn.<ref name="internet1"/> Bumbon crakèn iki kaya ta [[cengkéh]] lan [[kayu legi]].<ref name="internet1"/> Kajaba iku saos tomat uga ditambahi sayuran kaya ta [[bawang bombay]], [[selédri]] lan sayuran liyané.<ref name="internet1">[http://www.ebookpangan.com/E-BOOK%20GRATIS/Ebook%20Pangan/SNI-01-3546-2004%20%28saos%20tomat%29.pdf ebookpangan.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101231135359/http://www.ebookpangan.com/E-BOOK%20GRATIS/Ebook%20Pangan/SNI-01-3546-2004%20(saos%20tomat).pdf |date=2010-12-31 }}(dipunundhuh tanggal 17 Juni 2011)</ref> Saos Tomat [[Indofod]] lan [[saos tomat ABC]] kalebu merek-merek saos kang misuwur ing [[Indonésia]].<ref name="internet1"/> [[H. J. Heinz Company]], [[Hunt's, Del Monte Foods]], lan [[Brooks Ketchup]] kalebu jeneng distributor saos tomat kang gedhé dhéwé ing [[Amérika Sarékat]].<ref name="internet2">[http://www.usatoday.com/money/industries/food/2003-04-07-blue-ketchup_x.htm usatoday.com](dipunundhuh tanggal 17 Juni 2011)</ref> Saos tomat lumrahé kanggo mangan [[kenthang]] [[goréng]], [[sandwich]], [[pitik]] goréng lan [[daging]] kang dipanggang utawa digoreng.<ref name="internet2"/> Campuran saos tomat lan [[mayones]] dadi bahan kanggo nggawé saos [[selada]] kang diarani [[Thousand Island]].<ref name="internet2"/> == Sajarah == Saos tomat ing basa [[Inggris]] diarani ''Ketchup''.<ref name="internet2"/> Asal-usulé ya iku saos tomat wis dikenal wiwit biyén ing [[Asia]] lan diarani ''koe-chiap'' utawa ''ke-tsiap ing [[basa Hokkien|dhialèk Amoy]] ing [[Tiongkok]] utawa''kechap (ketjap) ing [[basa Melayu]].<ref name="internet2"/> Pelaut [[Inggris]] lan [[Walanda]] ngenalaké saus éncér kang bahan dhasaré digawé saka [[iwak]].<ref name="internet2"/> Iwak iki asalé saka Asia.<ref name="internet2"/> Saus iki banjur diarani "catchup" ("ketchup").<ref name="internet2"/> Nanging saos iki ditambahi bahan-bahan liyané kang pas karo masakan [[Éropa]].<ref name="internet2"/> Nambahaké tomat ing kecap dadi inovasi wong Inggris. Nanging ana uga kang duwé panemu yèn saos tomat iku tinemu utawa digawé wong [[Amérika]].<ref name="internet2"/> Resep saos tomat kang sepisanan dicithak ing buku masak di Amérika kang judhulé [[Sugar House Book]] ing taun [[1801]].<ref name="internet2"/> Saos tomat kang digawé rasané asin wit ngandhut uyah kang cacahé 1 ''pound'' (453,59 [[gram]]) kanggo ngolah [[100]] woh tomat dadi saos tomat.<ref name="internet2"/> Ing taun [[1824]], resep saos kecap ana ing buku resep ''[[The Virginia Housewife]]'' kang digawé ahli masak kang misuwur ing abad kaping [[19]] kang jenengé [[Mary Randolph]]. Dhèwèké duluré [[Thomas Jefferson]].<ref name="internet2"/> == Cathetan suku == {{reflist}} [[Kategori:Saos]] {{stub}} bosn46i9qlruce3aagywlzgt50cinis 0 75249 1755904 1659032 2026-09-01T00:46:10Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1755904 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pasisir Alam Indah (PAI)''' dumunung wonten ing kitha [[Tegal]], [[Jawa Tengah|Jawi Tengah]], [[Indonésia]]. Ing pasisir punika wonten fasilitas ''waterboom'' alit, kanggé laré-laré lan wonten ugi [[Monumèn Bahari]].<ref name="pai3">{{Cite web |url=http://liburan.info/content/view/1080/43/lang,indonesian/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2011-07-21 |archive-date=2011-10-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111019141405/http://liburan.info/content/view/1080/43/lang,indonesian/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ing salebeting monumèn Bahari wonten kendharaan-kendharaan perang kados ta montor miber [[Nomad]] damelan [[Australia]] taun 1974 lan [[bedhil]] damelan [[Ruslan]] taun 1963.<ref name="pai3"/> Monumen punika dipunresmiaken wonten ing tanggal 20 Dhésèmber 2008 déning Kepala Staf [[Angkatan Laut]] (KSAL) Laksamana TNI Tedjo Edhy Purdijatno.<ref name="pai3"/> Boten namung punika, pasisir punika wonten [[anjungan]] ingkang panjangipun 250 m kanggé mriksani laut luwih caket utawi pengunjung saged niti [[perahu]].<ref name="pai4">http://central-java-tourism.com/dev/central-java/id/attraction/408_pasisir_alam_indah{{Pranala mati|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Mbayare namung gangsal èwu kanggé ngiteri pasisir.<ref name="pai5">http://www.promojateng-pemprovjateng.com/detail.php?id=1265</ref> Pasisir punika ramé nalika wekdal ''week-end'' lan liburan.<ref name="pai5"/> Pengunjung ngeh saged nyewa ban kanggé dolanan toya wonten ing laut.<ref name="pai5"/> ==Cathetan suku== {{reflist}} == Pranala njaba == *[http://central-java-tourism.com/dev/central-java/id/attraction/408 Situs kanthor saka Dinas Pariwisata Jawa Tengah]{{Pranala mati|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} *[http://liburan.info/content/view/1080/43/lang,indonesian/ Pasisir Alam Indah] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111019141405/http://liburan.info/content/view/1080/43/lang,indonesian/ |date=2011-10-19 }} [[Kategori:Artikel mawa basa krama]] [[Kategori:Papan wisata ing Jawa Tengah]] [[Kategori:Papan wisata ing Tegal]] [[Kategori:Pasisir ing Jawa Tengah|Alam Indah]] [[Kategori:Pasisir ing Pulo Jawa|Alam Indah]] {{stub}} rdo9i99d2079fi3nxedqsje83rmb75r 0 76195 1755908 1749286 2026-09-01T02:28:18Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1755908 wikitext text/x-wiki Ing ngisor iki kapacak '''{{PAGENAME}}''' sing kabawah [[Kementerian Pendidikan Nasional Indonesia]]. Pratélan iki ora kalebu pawiyatan luhur Islam swasta sing kabawah [[Kementerian Agama Indonesia]]. == Universitas == * [[Universitas 17 Agustus 1945]] (UNTAG) [http://www.untagjakarta.ac.id/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110828122229/http://untagjakarta.ac.id/ |date=2011-08-28 }} * [[Universitas Al Azhar Indonésia]] (UAI)* [http://www.uai.ac.id/] * [[Universitas Azzahra]]* [http://www.universitas-azzahra.ac.id/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110625110423/http://www.universitas-azzahra.ac.id/ |date=2011-06-25 }} * [[Universitas Bakrie]] (UB) [http://www.bakrie.ac.id/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714031818/http://www.bakrie.ac.id/ |date=2011-07-14 }} * [[Universitas Bhayangkara Jaya]] (UBHARA JAYA) [http://www.ubharajaya.ac.id/] * [[Universitas Bina Nusantara]] (UBINUS) [http://www.binus.ac.id/] * [[Universitas Borobudur]] [http://www.universitasborobudur.ac.id/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609043930/http://www.universitasborobudur.ac.id/ |date=2011-06-09 }} * [[Universitas Budi Luhur]] (UBL) [http://www.budiluhur.ac.id/]{{Pranala mati|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [[Universitas Bunda Mulia]] (UBM) [http://www.ubm.ac.id/] * [[Universitas Bung Karno]] (UBK) [http://www.ubk.ac.id/] [http://www.universitasbungkarno.com/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110709192626/http://www.universitasbungkarno.com/ |date=2011-07-09 }} * [[Universitas Darma Persada]] (UNSADA) [http://www.unsada.ac.id/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110823121526/http://www.unsada.ac.id/ |date=2011-08-23 }} * [[Universitas Gunadarma]] (UG)** [http://www.gunadarma.ac.id/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220424024451/https://www.gunadarma.ac.id/ |date=2022-04-24 }} * [[Universitas Ibnu Chaldun]] (UIC)* [http://ibnuchaldun.com/] * [[Universitas Indonusa Esa Unggul|Universitas Esa Unggul]] (UEU) [http://www.esaunggul.ac.id/] * [[Universitas Indraprasta PGRI]] (UNINDRA) [http://www.unindra.ac.id/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714111815/http://www.unindra.ac.id/ |date=2011-07-14 }} * [[Universitas Islam As-Syafiiyah]]* [http://www.asyafiiyah.ac.id/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110806085959/http://asyafiiyah.ac.id/ |date=2011-08-06 }} * [[Universitas Islam Attahiriyah]] (UNIAT)* [http://www.uniat.ac.id/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110613002616/http://www.uniat.ac.id/ |date=2011-06-13 }} * [[Universitas Islam Jakarta]] (UID)* [http://uid.ac.id/] * [[Universitas Jakarta]] (UNIJA) [http://www.unija.ac.id/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714144707/http://www.unija.ac.id/ |date=2011-07-14 }} * [[Universitas Jayabaya]] [http://www.jayabaya.ac.id/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171004085730/http://www.jayabaya.ac.id/ |date=2017-10-04 }} * [[Universitas Katolik Indonésia Atma Jaya Jakarta]] [http://www.atmajaya.ac.id/] * [[Universitas Kejuangan 45 Jakarta]] [http://kejuangan45.ac.id/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110809011811/http://kejuangan45.ac.id/ |date=2011-08-09 }} * [[Universitas Krisnadwipayana]] (UKRIS) [http://www.unkris.ac.id/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726071610/http://www.unkris.ac.id/ |date=2011-07-26 }} * [[Universitas Kristen Indonésia]] (UKI) [http://www.uki.ac.id/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090228195121/http://www.uki.ac.id/ |date=2009-02-28 }} * [[Universitas Kristen Krida Wacana]] (UKRIDA) [http://www.ukrida.ac.id/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110701233618/http://www.ukrida.ac.id/ |date=2011-07-01 }} * [[Universitas Mercu Buana]] (UMB) [http://www.mercubuana.ac.id/] * [[Universitas Mpu Tantular]] (UMT) [http://www.mputantular.ac.id/] * [[Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta]] (UMJ) [http://www.umj.ac.id/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707080925/http://www.umj.ac.id/ |date=2011-07-07 }} * [[Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof Dr Hamka|Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. Dr. HAMKA]] (UHAMKA)* [http://www.uhamka.ac.id/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110710001834/http://www.uhamka.ac.id/ |date=2011-07-10 }} * [[Universitas Multimedia Nusantara]] (UMN) [http://www.unimedia.ac.id/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110521140715/http://www.unimedia.ac.id/ |date=2011-05-21 }} * [[Universitas Nasional]] (UNAS) [http://www.unas.ac.id] * [[Universitas Pancasila]] (UP) [http://www.univpancasila.ac.id] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171004135658/http://www.univpancasila.ac.id/ |date=2017-10-04 }} * [[Universitas Paramadina]]* [http://www.paramadina.ac.id] * [[Universitas Pelita Harapan]] (UPH) [http://www.uph.edu] * [[Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta|UPN Veteran Jakarta]] (UPNVJ) [http://www.upnvj.ac.id/] * [[Universitas Persada Indonésia YAI|Universitas Persada Indonésia Yayasan Administrasi Indonésia]] (UPI Y.A.I) [http://yai.ac.id/] * [[Universitas Prof Dr Moestopo (Beragama)]] (UPDM) [http://www.moestopo.ac.id] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110701081618/http://www.moestopo.ac.id/ |date=2011-07-01 }} * [[Universitas Respati Indonésia]] (URINDO) [http://www.urindo.ac.id/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706003208/http://www.urindo.ac.id/ |date=2011-07-06 }} * [[Universitas Sahid]] (USAHID) [http://www.usahid.ac.id] * [[Universitas Satya Nagara Indonésia]] (USNI) [http://www.usni.ac.id] * [[Universitas Satyagama]] (USG)* [http://www.satyagama.ac.id/] * [[Universitas Surapati]] [http://evaluasi.dikti.go.id/epsbed/detilpt/031029/1] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118104943/http://evaluasi.dikti.go.id/epsbed/detilpt/031029/1 |date=2012-01-18 }} * [[Universitas Suryadarma]] (UNSURYA) [http://universitassuryadarma.ac.id/]{{Pranala mati|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [[Universitas Tama Jagakarsa]] [http://www.jagakarsa.ac.id] * [[Universitas Tarumanagara]] (UNTAR) [http://www.tarumanagara.ac.id] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090427063641/http://www.tarumanagara.ac.id/ |date=2009-04-27 }} * [[Universitas Timbul Nusantara]] (UTIRTA-IBEK) [http://utira-ibek.ac.id/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110709102823/http://utira-ibek.ac.id/ |date=2011-07-09 }} * [[Universitas Trisakti]] [http://www.trisakti.ac.id] * [[Universitas Wiraswasta Indonésia]] [http://universitaswiraswastaindonesia.wordpress.com/] * [[Universitas YARSI]] [http://www.yarsi.ac.id/] Keterangan: (*) Universitas dibina bersama antara Kemdiknas dan Kemenag. (**) Kampus utamanya terletak di [[Kota Dhépok]]. == Institut == * [[Institut Bisnis dan Informatika Indonésia]] (IBII) [http://www.iBii.ac.id/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110902110421/http://www.ibii.ac.id/ |date=2011-09-02 }} * [[Institut Bisnis Nusantara]] (IBN) [http://www.ibn.ac.id/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606044401/https://www.ibn.ac.id/ |date=2023-06-06 }} * [[Institut Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Pulitik Jakarta]] (IISIP) [http://www.iisip.ac.id/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110616161852/http://www.iisip.ac.id/ |date=2011-06-16 }} * [[Institut Kesenian Jakarta]] (IKJ) [http://www.ikj.ac.id/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230902005417/https://www.ikj.ac.id/ |date=2023-09-02 }} * [[Institut Keuangan Perbankan dan Informatika Asia Perbanas]] (AFBI Institute Perbanas) [http://www.perbanasinstitute.ac.id/] * [[Institut Sains dan Teknologi Al Kamal|Institut Sains dan Teknologi Al-Kamal]] (ISTA) [http://www.ista.ac.id/] * [[Institut Sains dan Teknologi Kalbe]] (ITBK) [http://www.itbk.ac.id/]{{Pranala mati|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [[Institut Sains dan Teknologi Nasional]] (ISTN) [http://www.istn.ac.id/] * [[Institut Teknologi Budi Utomo]] (ITBU) [http://itbu.ac.id/] * [[Institut Teknologi Indonésia]] (ITI) [http://www.iti.ac.id/]{{Pranala mati|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} == Sekolah Tinggi == * [[Sekolah Ilmu Keséhatan Binawan]] * [[Sekolah Tinggi Basa Asing IEC]] * [[Sekolah Tinggi Basa Asing LIA]] * [[Sekolah Tinggi Basa Asing Pertiwi Indonésia]] * [[Sekolah Tinggi Filsafat Driyarkara]] * [[Sekolah Tinggi Filsafat Theologi]] * [[Sekolah Tinggi Hukum Indonésia]] * [[Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Administrasi dan Sekretari ASMI]] * [[Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Administrasi Kawula Indonésia]] * [[Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Administrasi Mandala Indonésia]] * [[Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Administrasi Yapann]] * [[Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Administrasi YPIAMI]] * [[Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Hukum LPIHM-IBLM]] * [[Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Keséhatan Indonésia Maju]] * [[Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Keséhatan Istara Nusantara]] * [[Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Keséhatan Kesetiakawanan Sosial Indonésia]] * [[Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Keséhatan Medistra Indonésia]] * [[Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Keséhatan Mohammad Husni Thamrin]] * [[Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Keséhatan Mitra Ria Husada]] * [[Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Keséhatan Pamentas]] * [[Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Keséhatan Saint Carolus]] * [[Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Komputer Cipta Karya Informatika]] * [[Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Komunikasi Indonésia Maju]] * [[Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Komunikasi Inter Studi]] * [[Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Komunikasi LSPR]] * [[Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Komunikasi Profesi Indonésia]] * [[Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Komunikasi YTKP]] * [[Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Manajemen Kosgoro]] * [[Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Manajemen LPMI]] * [[Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Maritim AMI]] * [[Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Pamaréntahan Abdi Nagara]] * [[Sekolah Tinggi Kedhokteran YARSI Jakarta]] (sekarang [[Universitas YARSI]]) * [[Sekolah Tinggi Keuangan Niaga dan Nagara Pembangunan]] * [[Sekolah Tinggi Manajemen Asuransi Trisakti]] * [[Sekolah Tinggi Manajemen IMMI]] * [[Sekolah Tinggi Manajemen IMNI]] * [[Sekolah Tinggi Manajemen Industri Indonésia]] * [[Sekolah Tinggi Manajemen IPMI]] * [[Sekolah Tinggi Manajemen Labora]] * [[Sekolah Tinggi Manajemen PPM]] * [[Sekolah Tinggi Manajemen Prasetiya Mulya]] * [[Sekolah Tinggi Manajemen Transpor Trisakti]] * [[Sekolah Tinggi Manajemen Transportasi Malahayati]] * [[Sekolah Tinggi Manajemen Yaksi]] * [[Sekolah Tinggi Pariwisata Sahid]] * [[Sekolah Tinggi Pariwisata Trisakti]] * [[Sekolah Tinggi Penerbangan Aviasi]] * [[Sekolah Tinggi Perpajakan Indonésia]] * [[Sekolah Tinggi Teknik Informatik Benarif Indonésia]] * [[Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Informasi NIIT I-Tech Jakarta]] * [[Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Jakarta]] * [[Sekolah Tinggi Teknik Jaya Mahadika]] * [[Sekolah Tinggi Teknik Sapta Taruna]] * [[Sekolah Tinggi Teknik PLN]] * [[Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi 10 November]] * [[Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Indonésia]] * [[Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Kelautan Hatawana]] * [[Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Jakarta]] * [[STIAS Bunda Hati Kudus]] * [[STIE Abdul Latief]] * [[STIE Ahmad Dahlan Jakarta]] * [[STIE Bhakti Pembangunan]] * [[STIE Bisnis Indonésia]] * [[STIE Cakra Buana]] * [[STIE Dharma Bumiputera]] * [[STIE Dharma Wacana]] * [[STIE Dr Moechtar Talib]] * [[STIE Dwi Putra]] * [[STIE Dwipa Wacana]] * [[STIE Gandhi]] * [[STIE Ganesha]] * [[STIE Gotong Royong]] * [[STIE IBEK]] * [[STIE IGI]] * [[STIE Indonésia]] * [[STIE Indonésia Banking School]] * [[STIE International Business Management Indonésia]] * [[STIE IPWI]] * [[STIE ISM]] * [[STIE Jayakarta]] * [[STIE Jayakusuma]] * [[STIE Kampus Ungu]] * [[STIE Kasih Bangsa]] * [[STIE Keuangan dan Perbankan Indonésia]] * [[STIE Kusumanagara]] * [[STIE Maiji]] * [[STIE Moh Husni Thamrin]] * [[STIE Muhammadiyah Jakarta]] * [[STIE Mulia Persada Indonésia]] * [[STIE Olah Trampil Cendekia]] * [[STIE Pariwisata Internasional]] * [[STIE Pengembangan Bisnis dan Manajemen]] * [[STIE Sailendra]] * [[STIE Setia Budi]] * [[STIE Supra]] * [[STIE Swadaya]] * [[STIE Taman Siswa]] * [[STIE Tri Dharma Widya]] * [[STIE Trianandra]] * [[STIE Triguna]] * [[STIE Trisakti]] * [[STIE Tunas Nusantara]] * [[STIE Tunas Patria]] * [[STIE Widya Jayakarta]] * [[STIE Widya Persada]] * [[STIE Wira Bakti]] * [[STIE Wiyatamandala]] * [[STIE YAI]] * [[STIE YPBI]] * [[STISIP Dharma Paramita]] * [[STISIP Pusaka Nusantara]] * [[STISIP Widuri]] * [[STKIP Albana]] * [[STKIP Kusumanagara]] * [[STKIP Purnama]] * [[STKIP Suluh Bangsa]] * [[STMIK Bina Mulya]] * [[STMIK Indonésia]] * [[STMIK Jakarta Institute of Technology]] * [[STMIK Jakarta STI&K]] * [[STMIK Jayakarta]] * [[STMIK Jibes]] * [[STMIK Kuwera]] * [[STMIK Mahakarya]] * [[STMIK Meridian]] * [[STMIK Muhammad Husni Thamrin]] * [[STMIK Muhammadiyah]] * [[STMIK Nusa Mandiri]] * [[STMIK Perbanas]] * [[STMIK Satyagama]] * [[STMIK SUPRA]] * [[STMIK Swadharma]] * [[STMIK Veritas]] * [[STMIK Widuri]] * [[STMIK Widya Nusantara]] == Politèknik == * [[Politèknik Bisnis Indonésia]] [http://www.dikti.go.id/index.php?option=com_qcontacts&view=contact&id=896%3Apoliteknik+bisnis+indonesia&catid=58%3Akopertis-iii&Itemid=200] * [[Politèknik Bunda Kandung]] [http://politeknik-bundakandung.blogspot.com/] [http://politeknikbk.wordpress.com/] * [[Politèknik Global Indonésia]] [http://www.dikti.go.id/index.php?option=com_qcontacts&view=contact&id=898%3Apoliteknik+global+indonesia&catid=58%3Akopertis-iii&Itemid=200] * [[Politèknik Karya Husada]] [http://www.dikti.go.id/index.php?option=com_qcontacts&view=contact&id=899%3Apoliteknik+karya+husada&catid=58%3Akopertis-iii&Itemid=200] * [[Politèknik LP3I]] [http://www.lp3i.ac.id/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110710121540/http://www.lp3i.ac.id/ |date=2011-07-10 }} * [[Politèknik Manufaktur Astra]] [http://www.polman.astra.ac.id/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050621081147/http://www.polman.astra.ac.id/ |date=2005-06-21 }} * [[Politèknik Swadharma]] [http://www.poltek-swadharma.ac.id/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110812160833/http://www.poltek-swadharma.ac.id/ |date=2011-08-12 }} * [[Politèknik Trisila Dharma]] [http://www.dikti.go.id/index.php?option=com_qcontacts&view=contact&id=903%3Apoliteknik+trisila+dharma&catid=58%3Akopertis-iii&Itemid=200] * [[Politèknik Tugu Jakarta]] [http://www.poltektugu.info/mn_bottom.php?matriks=1] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100620022239/http://poltektugu.info/mn_bottom.php?matriks=1 |date=2010-06-20 }} == Akadhemi == * [[Akademi Administrasi Keuangan Jakarta]] * [[Akademi Administrasi Kusuma Mandiri]] * [[Akademi Administrasi Pembangunan Indonésia]] * [[Akademi Akuntansi Artawiyata Indo-LPI]] * [[Akademi Akuntansi Bentara Indonésia]] * [[Akademi Akuntansi Borobudur]] * [[Akademi Akuntansi Jayabaya]] * [[Akademi Akuntansi Nasional]] * [[Akademi Akuntansi Paramita]] * [[Akademi Akuntansi Santa Ursula]] * [[Akademi Akuntansi Syafa'at Indonésia]] * [[Akademi Akuntansi YAI]] * [[Akademi Asuransi Indonésia]] * [[Akademi Basa Asing Borobudur]] * [[Akademi Basa Asing BSI]] * [[Akademi Basa Asing Kusuma Mandiri]] * [[Akademi Basa Asing Indonésia LPI]] * [[Akademi Basa Asing Nasional]] * [[Akademi Basa Asing Prawira Marta]] * [[Akademi Basa Asing Saint Mary]] * [[Akademi Basa Asing Santa Ursula]] * [[Akademi Basa Asing Widuri Widyasastra]] * [[Akademi Bank Indonésia]] * [[Akademi Bisnis Indonésia]] * [[Akademi Kebidanan Al-Fathonah]] * [[Akademi Kebidanan Bhakti Pertiwi Indonésia]] * [[Akademi Kebidanan Istara Nusantara]] * [[Akademi Kebidanan Kartika Mitra Husada]] * [[Akademi Kebidanan Keris Husada]] * [[Akademi Kebidanan Mitra Persahabatan]] * [[Akademi Kebidanan Pelita Persada]] * [[Akademi Kebidanan Prestasi Agung]] * [[Akademi Kebidanan Sismadi]] * [[Akademi Kebidanan Suluh Bangsa]] * [[Akademi Kebidanan Widyakarsa]] * [[Akademi Kebidanan Yaspen Tugu Ibu]] * [[Akademi Kebidanan YPDR]] * [[Akademi Keperawatan Keris Husada]] * [[Akademi Keperawatan Rumah Sakit DGI Cikini]] * [[Akademi Keperawatan Rumah Sakit Jakarta]] * [[Akademi Keperawatan Rumah Sakit Husada]] * [[Akademi Keperawatan Syafaat Indonésia]] * [[Akademi Keuangan Dan Perbankan Borobudur]] * [[Akademi Keuangan Dan Perbankan LPI]] * [[Akademi Keuangan Dan Perbankan Patrisia]] * [[Akademi Keuangan Dan Perbankan Yapenanta]] * [[Akademi Keuangan Dan Perbankan YPK]] * [[Akademi Kimia Analis Caraka Nusantara]] * [[Akademi Komunikasi Bina Ekatama]] * [[Akademi Komunikasi Bina Sarana Informatika]] * [[Akademi Komunikasi Media Radio Dan TV]] * [[Akademi Komunikasi The Next Academy]] * [[Akademi Litigasi Indonésia Triguna]] * [[Akademi Manajemen Keuangan YP-IPPI]] * [[Akademi Manajemen Pemasaran Cavendish]] * [[Akademi Manajemen Perusahan Jayabaya]] * [[Akademi Manajemen YAPK]] * [[Akademi Manajemen YPPI]] * [[Akademi Maritim Djadajat]] * [[Akademi Maritim Nasional Jaya]] * [[Akademi Maritim Pembangunan]] * [[Akademi Pariwisata Bhakti Nusantara]] * [[Akademi Pariwisata Buana Wisata]] * [[Akademi Pariwisata Bunda Mulia]] * [[Akademi Pariwisata Gsp Internasional]] * [[Akademi Pariwisata Indonésia]] * [[Akademi Pariwisata Jakarta]] * [[Akademi Pariwisata Jakarta International Hotèl]] * [[Akademi Pariwisata Krisanti Widya Mandiri]] * [[Akademi Pariwisata Matoa]] * [[Akademi Pariwisata Nasional]] * [[Akademi Pariwisata Nusantara Jaya]] * [[Akademi Pariwisata Paramitha]] * [[Akademi Pariwisata Patria Indonésia]] * [[Akademi Pariwisata Pelita Harapan]] * [[Akademi Pariwisata Pertiwi]] * [[Akademi Pariwisata Tridaya Wisata]] * [[Akademi Pelayaran Niaga Indonésia]] * [[Akademi Perbankan Yuki]] * [[Akademi Pertamanan Interstudi]] * [[Akademi Sekretari Budi Luhur]] * [[Akademi Sekretari dan Manajemen BSI]] * [[Akademi Sekretari dan Manajemen Dharma Budhi Bhakti]] * [[Akademi Sekretari dan Manajemen Don Bosco]] * [[Akademi Sekretari dan Manajemen Pitaloka]] * [[Akademi Sekretari dan Manajemen Purnama]] * [[Akademi Sekretari dan Manajemen Saint Mary]] * [[Akademi Sekretari dan Manjemen Santa Ursula]] * [[Akademi Sekretari Interstudi]] * [[Akademi Sekretari Jayabaya]] * [[Akademi Sekretari Regina Contesorum]] * [[Akademi Sekretari Saint Theresia]] * [[Akademi Sekretaris ISWI]] * [[Akademi Sekretaris LPK Tarakanita]] * [[Akademi Kagunan Rupa dan Désain Iswi]] * [[Akademi Theologia Amanat Penuaian Terakhir]] * [[Akademi Teknik Désain Interior]] * [[Akademi Teknik Informatika Tunas Bangsa]] * [[Akademi Teknik Telekomunikasi Sandhy Putra Jakarta]] * [[Akademi Teknologi Grafika Indonésia]] * [[Akademi Teknologi Grafika Trisakti]] * [[Akademi Teknologi Komunikasi Dan Informatika]] * [[Akademi Telekomunikasi Indonésia Gemilang]] * [[AMIK Andalan Jakarta]] * [[AMIK Bina Sarana Informatika]] * [[AMIK Gandhi]] * [[AMIK Interstudi]] * [[AMIK Jakarta Institut of Technology]] * [[AMIK Jayabaya]] * [[AMIK Laksi-31]] * [[AMIK Mpu Tantular]] * [[AMIK YAPRI]] * [[LaSalle College International Jakarta]] == Seminari == * [[Seminari Bethel Jakarta]] {{PTS ing Indonésia}} [[Kategori:Pratélan pawiyatan luhur ing Indonésia|DKI Jakarta]] [[Kategori:Perguruan tinggi ing Jakarta| ]] aupnqwurw3pid9nf1il4ayjtommp720 0 92469 1755919 1695854 2026-09-01T08:07:41Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1755919 wikitext text/x-wiki {{rapèkaké}} [[Gambar:Steroid lettering numbering.svg|thumb|right|300px|Penomoran pada steroid]] '''Steroid''' inggih punika [[senyawa organik]] [[lemak sterol]] boten ter[[hidrolisis]] ingkang saged dipunhasilaken reaksi turunan saking [[terpena]] utawi [[skualena]]. Steroid kagolong kelompok [[senyawa]] organik ingkang sanget wigati kaliyan struktur dhasar [[sterana]] jenuh.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.cyberlipid.org/simple/simple0008.htm#1 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2012-10-09 |archive-date=2010-02-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100228062953/http://www.cyberlipid.org/simple/simple0008.htm#1 |url-status=dead }}</ref>(dipununduh Tanggal 8 Oktober 2012). Senyawa ingkang kalebet steroid, tuladhanipun [[kolesterol]], [[ergosterol]], [[progesteron]], lan [[estrogen]]. Ing umumuipun steroid gadhah fungsi dados [[hormon]]. Steroid gadhah srtuktur dhasar ingkang wonten saking 17 atom [[karbon]] ingkang wujud tiga cincin [[sikloheksana]] lan satunggal cincin [[siklopentana]]. Bèntenipun jinis steroid ing satunggal kaliyan steroid sanèsipun panggenane wonten ing [[gugus fungsional]] kang diiket déning sekawan cincin punika lan tahap [[oksidasi]] saben-saben cincin. [[Lemak sterol]] inggih punikabentuk mirunggan saking steroid kaliyan rumus bangun dipunturunake saking [[kolestana]] dipunlengkapi [[gugus]] fungsipnal [[hidroksil]] ing [[atom]] C-3 <ref>http://iupac.org/publications/pac/61/10/1783/pdf/.pdf{{Pranala mati|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} PDF</ref>(dipununduh Tanggal 8 Oktober 2012) kathah dipuntemuaken ing [[tuwuhan]], [[kéwan]] lan [[fungsi]]. Sedaya steroid dipundamel ing salebeting [[sel]] kaliyan bahan buku wujud lemak sterol, manawi wujud [[lanosterol]] ing kéwan utawi fungsi, saha wujud [[sikloartenol]] ing [[tuwuhan]].kalih jinis punika lemak srerpl ing inggil kadamel saking [[siklisasi]] [[squalena]] saking [[triterpena]].<ref>http://www.chem.qmul.ac.uk/iubmb/enzyme/reaction/terp/lanost.html</ref>(dipununduh Tanggal 8 Oktober 2012) pinten-pinten steroid asifat [[anabolik]], antawisipun [[testosteron]], [[metandienon]], [[nandrolon dekanoat]], [[4-androstena-3 17-dion]]. Steroid anabolik saged njalari sejumlah efek samping ingkang bahayani, kados ta nurunaken rasio [[lipoprotein]] densitas inggal, ingkang migunani kanggé [[jantung]], nurunaken rasio lipoprotein densitas cendhèk, stimulasi [[tumor prostat]], kelainan [[koagulasi]] lan gangguan [[hati]], dadosaken gundul utawi botak, nebelaken [[rikma]], tumbuhipun [[jerawat]] lan timbulnya [[payudara]] ing [[priya]]. Secara [[fisiologi]], steroid anabolik saged damel manungsa dados [[agresif]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.elmhurst.edu/~chm/vchembook/558anabolic.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2012-10-09 |archive-date=2012-07-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120705065931/http://www.elmhurst.edu/~chm/vchembook/558anabolic.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>(dipununduh Tanggal 8 Oktober 2012) Steroid inggih punika molekul kalebet [[Hormon]], ingkang ngandut cincin [[karbon]] kaliyan susunan katamtu. Pinten-pinten steroid ingkang limrahipun antawisipun:[[steroid seks]], [[kortikosteroid]], steroid [[anabolik]], saha [[kolesterol]], kathah [[hormon]] ingkang wigati kaya ta: [[estrogen]], saha [[testosteron]] inggih punika '''steroid'''.<ref>http://kamuskeséhatan.com/arti/steroid/{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>(dipununduh Tanggal 8 Oktober 2012) Anabolic Steroid inggih punika tiruan [[sintesis]] saking [[hormon]] [[testosteron]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://duniafitnes.com/fitness-2/steroid.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2012-10-09 |archive-date=2012-01-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118073209/http://duniafitnes.com/fitness-2/steroid.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> ste•roid /stéroid/ n Kim senyawa organik kaliyan satunggal lan sanèsipun bènten kaliyan rantai pinggiripun.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://istilahkata.com/steroid.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2012-10-09 |archive-date=2013-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130924094435/http://istilahkata.com/steroid.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>(dipununduh Tanggal 8 Oktober 2012) Steroid inggih punika kelompok ingkang zat-zat ingkang gegayutan ing salebeting struktur satunggal sami kaliyan saben kaisi kerangka [[kimia]] ingkang sami. Tuladhanipun: jampi ingkang dipun-ginakaken kanggé meredakan pembengkalan lan [[inflamasi]] ;;prednison’’ vitamin [[D]], saha steroid [[seks]].<ref>http://id.termwiki.com/ID:steroid_%E2%82%81</ref>(dipununduh Tanggal 8 Oktober 2012) == Steroid == Kathah [[Hormon]], ugi [[kolesterol]], kagolong steroid ya iku [[lipid]] ingkang dipuntitiki déning rangka [[karbon]] ingkang kasusun saking sekawan cincin ingkang nyatu. Steroid-steroid ingkang bènten gadhah gugus [[kimia]] ingkang bervariasi ing rerangkèn cincin punika. [[Kolesterol]] ''cholesterol'' inggih punika komponèn umum[[membran sel]] kéwan lan ugi kagolong [[prekursor]] kanggé [[sintesis]] steroid-steroid sanès. Ing [[Vertebrata]] kolesterol dipun[[sintesis]] ing salebeting ati. Kathah [[hormon]], salah satunggaling [[hormon]] [[seks vertebrata]], merupakan steroid ingkang produksinipun saking [[kolesterol]]. [[kolestrol]] kagolong [[molekul krusial]] ing salebeting awak kéwan, anamung kadar [[kolesterol]] ingkang inggal ing reh saged berkontribusi kanggé tukule ''arterosklerosis''. <ref name"buku1"<<id>>Campbell,Neil A,dkk.BIOLOGI Edisi kedelapan Jilid 1.ISBN.Erlangga.Jakarta.(2008:84)</ref> Steroid gadhah [[4]] cincin, lan kagolong kelompok [[lipid]] ingkang boten tersaponifikasi, ingkang kathah inggih punika [[sterol]], [[kolesterol]] merupakan [[sterol]] utami ing jaringan [[hewani]], [[kolesterol]] lan [[ester]] turunanipun komponèn utami [[lipoprotein plasma]] lan [[stigmasterol]] membran dipuntemukaken ing membran [[sel]] tuwuhan saha bènten kaliyan [[kolesterol]] amergi gadhah ikatan rangkep ing posisi [[22-23]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ftpitp09.blogdetik.com/files/2010/05/struktur-dan-klasifikasi-lipid.pdf |title=Archive copy |access-date=2012-10-09 |archive-date=2012-04-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120417001431/http://ftpitp09.blogdetik.com/files/2010/05/struktur-dan-klasifikasi-lipid.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>(dipununduh Tanggal 8 Oktober 2012) == Cathetan suku == {{Reflist}} [[Kategori:Steroid| ]] {{kimia-stub}} e9xnd2w2q71ltm28mj8704j0ctozdti 0 92545 1755914 1754869 2026-09-01T05:14:44Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1755914 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:USA Territorial Growth small.gif|thumb|right|Peta wewengkon [[Amérika Sarékat]].]] <!--{{Sajarah Amérika Serikat}}--> '''[[Amérika Sarékat]]''' mapan ing tengah-tengah bawana [[Amérika Lor]], diwatesi karo [[Kanada]] ing pérangan lor lan [[Mèksiko]] ing pérangan kidul. Nagara [[Amérika Sarékat]] jembaré saka [[Samodra Atlantik]] ing pasisir étan tekan [[Samudera Pasifik]] ing pasisir kulon, kalebu kepulauan [[Hawaii]] ing lautan Pasifik, praja [[Alaska]] ing pucuk lor bawana Amèrika, lan sapropirané teritori liyané. Sing dumunung kapisan ing wewengkon sing saiki dadi [[Amérika Sarékat]] asalé saka Asia kira-kira 15.000 [[taun]] kapungkur. Panjenengané nyeberangi [[kreteg darat Bering]] tumuju [[Alaska]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Wilford|first=John Noble|title=Evidence Supports Earlier Date for People in North America|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/04/science/04fossil.html |work=The New York Times|date=2008-04-04}}</ref> Salanjuté, [[penduduk asli Amérika]] mapan ing wewengkon mau sasuwené éwon [[taun]]. Ing [[taun]] 1492, [[Christopher Columbus]] wés hasil tekan [[Amérika]]. Wong-wong [[Inggris]] banjur mapan ing [[Jamestown, Virginia]] ing [[taun]] 1607. Pemukiman iku dianggep pemukiman sing kapisan ing [[Amérika Sarékat]]. Salanjuté, [[Amérika Sarékat]] terus ditekani déning wong-wong [[Inggris]]. Wong [[Prancis]], [[Spanyol]], lan [[Walanda]] uga mapan ing sapérangan [[Amérika Sarékat]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dalhousielodge.org/Thesis/scotstonc.htm|title=Scots to Colonial North Carolina Before 1775|publisher=School of Applied Arts of the University of Strathclyde|accessdate=2010-08-27|archive-date=2012-02-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120219045151/http://www.dalhousielodge.org/Thesis/scotstonc.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Perkembangane koloni-koloni [[Inggris]] rampung ora apik kanggo penduduk asli [[Amérika]], amarga akèh saka kelompoké sing mati amarga lelara, lan panjenengané kélangan negeriné. [[Amérika Sarékat]] kabéntuk saka 13 tilas [[koloni]] [[Inggris]] kauculan saka [[Revolusi Amérika]] sawisé deklarasi kamardikan ing tanggal [[4 Juli]] [[1776]]. Perang iki diwiwiti amarga kolonis rumangsa diperlakokaké ora adil déning [[Inggris]].<ref name="Freeborn Englishmen">{{cite book |title=The National Experience: A History of the United States |last=Blum |first=John M. |authorlink= |coauthors=William S. McFeely, Edmund S. Morgan, Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr., Kenneth M. Stampp, and C. Vann Woodward |year=1985 |publisher=Harcourt Brace Jovanovich |location= |isbn=0155656643 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/nationalexperien0006unse/page/91 91] |url=https://archive.org/details/nationalexperien0006unse|edition=6th}}</ref> Sawisé Revolusi, [[Amérika Sarékat]] ngadepi akèh masalah, kaya ta batur tukon. Ing [[taun]] 1800-an, AS éntuk akèh wewengkon lan wiwit dadi industralisasi. Saka [[taun]] 1861 tekan 1865, [[Perang Sedulur Amérika]] pecah antarané Lor karo Kidul. Perang iki kadadéan amarga masalah hak-hak praja, [[batur tukon]], lan mangsa ngarep [[Amérika Sarékat]]. Sapropirané praja ing kidul ninggal [[Amérika Sarékat]] lan ngadegaké [[Nagara Konfederasi Amérika|Konfederasi]]. Lor menangaké perang, lan nagara-nagara sing wés ninggal perserikatan bali ing [[Amérika Sarékat]]. Nagara iki banjur ngléwati mangsa [[Era rekonstruksi Amérika Sarékat|rekonstruksi]]. Ing akir 1800-an, akèh wong Éropa teka ing [[Amérika Sarékat]] lan makarya ing pabrik gedhé. Ing awal abad angka 20, AS dadi kakuwatan donya. Ekonominé minangka salah sijining sing gedhé dhéwé ing donya. Nagara iki uga kalebu ing [[Perang Donya I]] lan [[Perang Donya II|II]]. Sawisé [[Perang Donya II]], [[Amérika Sarékat]] mèlu nyampur ing [[Perang Dingin]] karo [[Uni Soviet]]. Sasuwené [[Perang Dingin]], pamarintah akèh ngentèkaké duit kanggo pertahanan. AS nyampur ing [[Perang Koréa]] lan [[Perang Vietnam|Vietnam]], lan uga ngirimaké [[Neil Armstrong]] lan wong-wong [[Amérika]] liya ana ing njaba akasa. Ing [[taun]] 1991, [[Uni Soviet]] kalah lan [[perang dingin]] rampung. [[Timur Tengah]] dadi wigati kanggo [[Amérika]], apa manèh sawisé [[Serangan 11 September]] 2001. Saiki, [[Amérika Sarékat]] minangka nagara adidaya, nanging isih ngadépi pirang-pirang masalah masalah. == Cathetan sikil == {{reflist|3}} == Wacanan lanjutan == {{refbegin|3}} * Agnew, Jean-Christophe, and Roy Rosenzweig, eds. ''A Companion to Post-1945 America'' (2006) * Anderson, Fred, ed. ''The Oxford Companion to American Military History'' (2000) * Barney, William. ''A Companion to 19th-Century America'' (2006) * Bender, Thomas. [http://books.google.com/books?id=wQHlrIz4gpYC&printsec=frontcover ''A Nation Among Nations : America’s place in world history''], New York: Hill and Wang, 2006. ISBN 978-0-8090-9527-8 * Carnes, Mark C., and John A. Garraty, ''The American Nation: A History of the United States: AP Edition'' (2008); university textbook * Diner, Hasia, ed. ''Encyclopedia of American Women's History'' (2010) * Foner, Eric. ''Give Me Liberty! An American History'' (2nd ed. 2008), university textbook * Gilbert, Martin. ''The Routledge Atlas of American History'' (2010) * Hornsby Jr., Alton. ''A Companion to African American History'' (2008) [http://www.amazon.com/Companion-African-American-Blackwell-Companions/dp/1405179937/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1276187747&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search] * Kennedy, David M., Lizabeth Cohen, and Thomas Bailey. ''The American Pageant'' (2 vol 2008), university textbook [http://college.cengage.com/history/us/bailey/american_pageant/11e/students/ace/ study guide] * Lancaster, Bruce, Bruce Catton, and Thomas Fleming. ''The American Heritage History of the American Revolution'' (2004) * Milner, Clyde A., Carol A. O'Connor, and Martha A. Sandweiss, eds. ''The Oxford History of the American West'' (1996) [http://www.amazon.com/Oxford-History-American-West/dp/0195112121/ excerpt and text search] * Perry, Elisabeth Israèls, and Karen Manners Smith, eds. ''The Gilded Age & Progressive Era: A Student Companion'' (2006) * Pole, Jack P. and J.R. Pole. ''A Companion to the American Revolution'' (2003) [http://www.amazon.com/Companion-American-Revolution-Blackwell-Companions/dp/1405116749/ excerpt and text search] * Resch, John, ed. ''Americans at War: Society, Culture, and the Homefront'' (4 vol 2004) * Schweikart, Larry, and Michael Allen. ''A Patriot's History of the United States: From Columbus's Great Discovery to the War on Terror'' (2007), view from the right [http://www.amazon.com/Patriots-History-United-States/dp/1595230327/ excerpt and text search] * Tindall, George Brown, and David E. Shi. ''America: A Narrative History'' (8th ed. 2009), university textbook * Vickers, Daniel, ed. ''A Companion to Colonial America'' (2006) * Zinn, Howard. ''A People's History of the United States: 1492 to Present'' (2005), view from the left [http://www.amazon.com/Peoples-History-United-States-Present/dp/0060838655/ excerpt and text search] * Zophy, Angela Howard, ed. ''Handbook of American Women's History.'' (2nd ed. 2000). 763 pp. articles by experts {{refend}} == Pranala njaba == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080612003100/http://www.america.gov/publications/books/history-outline.html Sejarah A.S.] olèh Departemen Nagara A.S. * [http://edsitement.neh.gov/tab_lesson.asp?subjectArea=3 Edsitement--lesson plans on American history from National Endowment for the Humanities] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100922093424/http://edsitement.neh.gov/tab_lesson.asp?subjectArea=3 |date=2010-09-22 }} * [http://www.animatedatlas.com/timeline.html Garis waktu sejarah Amérika Serikat] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121014040530/http://www.animatedatlas.com/timeline.html |date=2012-10-14 }} * [http://backstoryradio.org BackStory - Radio yang mengeksplorasi tema sejarah Amérika Serikat] {{Sajarah Amérika Lor}} [[Kategori:Sajarah Amérika Sarékat| ]] di3p9le246d2n08p7mgcxqebvusk9ti 0 92769 1755910 1648469 2026-09-01T03:18:44Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1755910 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Pulo Pasi [[Gambar:Pulo Pasi.jpg|thumb|Pulo Pasi]] [[Gambar:Map Pulo Pasi.jpg|thumb|Peta Pulo Pasi]] | subdivision_type = [[Nagara]] | subdivision_name = {{fag|Indonésia}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Kabupatèn]] | subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Kapuloan Selayar}} | subdivision_type2 = [[Provinsi]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Sulawesi Selatan]] | established_title = | established_date = | seat_type = | seat = | unit_pref = | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = | area_note = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | population_footnotes = | population_total = | population_as_of = | population_density_km2 = | population_demonym = | population_note = | timezone1 = [[Waktu Indonesia Tengah|WITA]] | utc_offset1 = +8 | timezone1_DST = | utc_offset1_DST = | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code_type = | area_code = | iso_code = | website = | footnotes = }} '''Pulo Pasi''' inggih kalebet salah satunggaling [[pulo]] ing [[Indonesia]] ingkang mapan wonten ing kacamatan [[Bontoharu, Kapuloan Selayar|Bontoharu]], [[Kabupatèn Kapuloan Selayar]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://bappeda.selayaronline.com/?m=bWVudT0xMjMyNzAwODE4 |title=Kepulauan Selayar Dalam Angka 2010 |author= |date= |work= |issn=0215-2290 |publisher=Dinas Pariwisata Kabupatèn KapuloanSelayar |accessdate= |archive-date=2012-12-04 |archive-url=https://archive.is/20121204174641/http://bappeda.selayaronline.com/?m=bWVudT0xMjMyNzAwODE4 |url-status=dead }}</ref>, [[Sulawesi Selatan]], [[Indonesia]]. Pulo punika mapan wonten ing sisih kilenipun [[Pulo Selayar]]. Tebihipun ± 1 mil saking kacamatan [[Benteng, Kapuoloan Selayar|Benteng]] ibu kotanipun [[Kabupatèn Kapuloan Selayar]]utawi udakawis 15 menit manawi nitih [[kapal]] liwat jalur [[laut]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://daengmacora.com/82/menengok-hutan-bakau-di antara-pulau-pasi-dan-pulau-gusung.html (dipunundhuh tanggal 15 Oktober 2012) |title=Menengok Hutan Bakau di antara Pulau Pasi.. |author=Dg. Macora |date=2011-11-26 |work= |issn= |publisher=daengmacora.com }}{{Pranala mati|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>. Pulo Pasi aben ajeng kaliyan [[Pulo Gusung]] ingkang mapan wonten ing sisih lor Pulo Pasi. Ing antawisipun Pulo Pasi lan Pulo Gusung wonten [[selat]] alit inggih punika ''Tarrusang'' utawi [[Selat Tarrusang]]. Wonten ing pulo punika dumunung kalih désa, inggih punika désa [[Kahu-kahu, Bontoharu, Kapuloan Selayar|Kahu-kahu]] kaliyan désa [[Bontoborusu, Bontoharu, Kapuloan Selayar|Bontoborusu]]. Pulo Pasi inggih kalebet pulo paling jawi ing sisih kilèn saking [[Kabupatèn Kapuloan Selayar]] kanthi titik koordinat {{coord|6|10|26.42|S|120|24|25.95|E|display=inline,title}}. == Géografi == Pulo Pasi ingkang mapan ing kacamatan Bontoharu punika mapan persis wonten ing sisih [[kulon]] saking [[Pulo Selayar]], kirang langkung 1 mil saking kacamatan Benteng. Manawi badhé dhateng Pulo Pasi betahaken wekdal 15 menit manawi nitih boat. Wonten ing Pulo Pasi punika wonte kalih désa, inggih punika Kahu -kahu saha désa Bontoborusu.<ref name="internet 4">[http://indonesia-tourism.com/blog/pasi-island-the-other-beauty-from-selayar/] ''Pasi Island'' (dipunundhuh tanggal 4 Januari 2013)</ref> Pulo Pasi inggih punika pulo ingkang paling njawi wonten ing kabupatèn Pulo Selayar. Pulo punika dados pulo ingkang asring dipunrawuhi déning para wisatawan ingkang remen nyelam saha mancing. Ing sakitering Pulo Pasi punika ugi wonten pulo-pulo sanèsipun kanthi jarak ingkang boten patos tebih, kados ta wonten [[Pulo Mbrosi]] kanthi tebih 3,7&nbsp;km, Meos Manggwandi kanthi tebih 11,2&nbsp;km, [[Pulo Nukori]] kanthi tebih 16,8&nbsp;km, [[Pulo Veri]] kanthi tebih 17,9&nbsp;km, [[Pulo Padaidori]] kanthi tebih 18,6&nbsp;km, [[Pulo Pakreki]] kanthi tebih 18,8&nbsp;km, Mios Workbondi kanthi tebih 22, 8&nbsp;km, [[Pulo Pai]] kanthi tebih 37,7&nbsp;km, Pulo Nusi kanthi tebih 42,8&nbsp;km, saha Mios Wundi kanthi tebih 49&nbsp;km. Ing wewengkon perairan Pulo Pasi, arusipun inggih namung alon dumugi sedheng kemawon kanthi suhu paling andhap inggih punika 26&nbsp;°C saha shu paling inggil inggih punika 29&nbsp;°C.<ref name="internet 3">[http://diving-indonesia.net/main/dive.php?dive=473]{{Pranala mati|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Pulau Pasi (dipunundhuh tanggal 4 Januari 2013)</ref>. Komposisi dhasar laut kapérang dados [[pasir]], terumbu, saha [[watu]]. Déné sedimentasi ingkang kadadosan namung cendhek, kanthi ''visibility horizontal'' 15 dumugi 20 mèter, ''visibility vertikal''ipun 20 - 25 mèter. Kaanan terumbu ing salebeting [[laut]] inggih rata kanthi tutupan terumbu 40% - 80%.<ref name="internet 3" /> == Obyek Wisata == Obyek wisata ingkang wonten ing '''Pulo Pasi''' ing antawisipun: * [[Pasisir Dongkalang]] * [[Pasisir Liang Tarrusu]] * [[Pasisir Liang Kareta]] == Cathetan suku == {{Reflist}} == Uga delengen == * [[Kabupatèn Kapuloan Selayar|Kapuloan Selayar]] [[Kategori:Pulo ing Indonésia]] [[Kategori:Pulo ing Sulawési Selatan]] [[Kategori:Pulau ing Kapuloan Selayar]] [[Kategori:Kapuloan Selayar]] n3cgz2uj32v934e3ubpdxv2la8xmpiu 0 92770 1755909 1663286 2026-09-01T03:16:53Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1755909 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Pulo Gusung | native_name = | native_name_lang = | settlement_type = [[Pulo]] |[[Gambar:Pulo Gusung.jpg|thumb|250px|Pulo Gusung]] | subdivision_type = [[Nagara]] | subdivision_name = {{flag|Indonésia}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Kabupatèn]] | subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Kapuloan Selayar}} | subdivision_type2 = [[Provinsi]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Sulawesi Selatan]] | established_title = | established_date = | seat_type = | seat = | unit_pref = | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = | area_note = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | population_footnotes = | population_total = | population_as_of = | population_density_km2 = | population_demonym = | population_note = | timezone1 = [[Waktu Indonésia Tengah|WITA]] | utc_offset1 = +8 | timezone1_DST = | utc_offset1_DST = | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code_type = | area_code = | iso_code = | website = | footnotes = }} [[Gambar:Pulo Gusung.jpg|thumb|Pulo Gusung]] '''Pulo Gusung''' inggih punika salah satunggaling [[pulo]] ing [[Indonésia]] ingkang mapan wonten ing kacamatan [[Bontoharu, Kapuloan Selayar|Bontoharu]], [[Kabupatèn Kapuloan Selayar]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://bappeda.selayaronline.com/?m=bWVudT0xMjMyNzAwODE4 |title=Kepulauan Selayar Dalam Angka 2010 |author= |date= |work= |issn=0215-2290 |publisher=Dinas Pariwisata Kabupatèn KapuloanSelayar |accessdate= |archive-date=2012-12-04 |archive-url=https://archive.is/20121204174641/http://bappeda.selayaronline.com/?m=bWVudT0xMjMyNzAwODE4 |url-status=dead }}</ref>, [[Sulawesi Selatan]], [[Indonésia]]. Pulo punika mapan wonten ing sisih kilenipun [[Pulo Selayar]]. Tebihipun ± 1 mil saking kacamatan [[Benteng, Kapuloan Selayar|Benteng]] ibu kotanipun [[Kabupatèn Kapuloan Selayar]] utawi udakawis 15 menit manawi nitih [[kapal]] liwat jalur [[laut]]t<ref>{{cite web |url=http://daengmacora.com/82/menengok-hutan-bakau-di antara-pulau-pasi-dan-pulau-gusung.html (dipunundhuh tanggal 15 Oktober 2012) |title=Menengok Hutan Bakau di antara Pulau Gusung.. |author=Dg. Macora |date=2011-11-26 |work= |issn= |publisher=daengmacora.com }}{{Pranala mati|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>. Pulo Gusung aben ajeng kaliyan [[Pulo Pasi]] ingkang mapan wonten ing sa kiduling '''Pulo Gusung'''. Ing antawisipun Pulo Gusung lan Pulo Pasi wonten [[selat]] alit inggih punika ''Tarrusang'' ([[Selat Tarrusang]]). '''Pulo Gusung''' kapérang dados kaih pérangan inggih punika [[Gusung Barat]] lan [[Gusung Timur]], ingkang sedayanipun mlebet wewengkon désa [[Bontolebang, Bontoharu, Kapuloan Selayar|Bontolebang]], [[Kabupatèn Kapuloan Selayar]]. '''Pulo Gusung''' kalebet pulo paling jawi ing sisih kilèn saking [[Kabupatèn Kapuloan Selayar]] kanthititik koordinat {{coord|6|7|26.39|S|120|24|54.38|E|display=inline,title}}. Pulo Gusung mapan wonten ing sak wingikingipun [[Pulo Derawan]]. Manawi badhé dhateng Pulo Gusung saking pulo Derawann dipunbetahaken wekdal kirang langkung 10 menit ngginakaken spped boat. Kaendahan ingkang moncer wonten ing Pulo Gusung saged narik kawigatosan para wisatawan ingkang dhateng pulo punika.<ref name="internet 1">[http://wisata.kompasiana.com/jalan-jalan/2010/07/06/wisata-ke-pulau-gusung-186475.html]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Wisata ke Pulau Gusung (dipunundhuh tanggal 4 Januari 2013)</ref> == Daya Tarik == Ing Pulo Gusung dipunsamektakaken kaendahan pasisir ingkang saé kanthi toya [[laut]] ingkang resik, rumput laut ingkang kathah pating semebyar, wonten ugi [[bintang laut]], [[bulu babi]], saha iwak-iwak alit ingkang wonten ing sak pinggiring pasisir.<ref name="internet 2">[http://daengmacora.com/17/hutan-bakau-di-antara-pulau-pasi-dan-pulau-gusung.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121029082111/http://daengmacora.com/17/hutan-bakau-di-antara-pulau-pasi-dan-pulau-gusung.html |date=2012-10-29 }} Hutan Bakau di antara Pulau Pasi dan Pulau Gusung (dipunundhuh tanggal 4 Januari 2013)</ref> Pulo Gusung kapérang dados kalih, inggih punika Gusung Barat saha Gusung Timur. Mergi ing désa-désa ing Pulo Gusung punika ngginakaken rabat beton ingkang taksih prosès dipunyasa ing margi paling utamanipun. Ing Pulo Gusung sapunika ugi badhé dipunupayakaken wontenipun budidaya perikanan saking pamaréntah. == Dhémografi == Pulo Gusung mlebet wewengkon Kota Banteng, 3 mil utawi 5,5&nbsp;km saking sisih [[lor]] saha taksih kalebet kalurahan guntung Benteng utara. Pulo Gusung ambanipun kirang langkung 1 hektar, déné cacahipun pendhudhuk wonten 60 KK utawi 227 tiyang. Padamelan para warga masarakat Pulo Gusung sapérangan ageng dados warigaluh, ugi wonten ingkang dados bakul. == Papan Wisata == Papan wisata ingkang wonten ing '''Pulo Gusung''' ing antawisipun: * [[Pasisir Jeneiya]] [[Gambar: Peta Pulo Gusung.jpg|thumb|Peta Pulo Gusung]] == Uga delengen == * [[Kabupatèn Kapuloan Selayar]] * [[Kapuloan Selayar]] == Cathetan suku == {{Reflist}} == Pranala njaba == * http://diving-indonesia.net/main/dive.php?dive=473{{Pranala mati|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * http://wikimapia.org/5855676/Pulau-Pasi {{Papan Wisata ing Kapuloan Selayar}} [[Kategori:Pulo ing Indonésia]] [[Kategori:Pulo ing Sulawesi Selatan]] [[Kategori:Pulo ing Kapuloan Selayar]] [[Kategori:Kapuloan Selayar]] 0dz9ggbysaz264rwo701u6uz0riw08k 0 92841 1755921 1675293 2026-09-01T10:53:06Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1755921 wikitext text/x-wiki {{rapèkaké}} [[Gambar:L-tryptophan-skeletal.png|150px|Chemical structure of Tryptophan]][[Berkas:L-tryptophan-3D-sticks.png|140px|Chemical structure of {{PAGENAME}}]] '''Triptofan''' inggih punika asem amino èsènsial ing salebeting salira manungsa ingkang migunani kanggé sintesis [[protéin]].<ref>[http://duniafitnes.com/nutrition/makanan-yang-mengandung-triptofan.html Pengertian Triptofan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120924024425/http://duniafitnes.com/nutrition/makanan-yang-mengandung-triptofan.html |date=2012-09-24 }} (dipununduh Tanggal 16 Oktober 2012)</ref>. Triptofan inggih punika trip•to•fan n Kim asem amino esensial ingkang dipunbetahaken kanggé pertumbuhan.<ref>[http://arti-kata.com/95802/triptofan.html Arti Kata Triptofan]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} (dipunuduh tanggal 16 oktober 2012)</ref> == Mupangat Biologis lan Keséhatan == Gugus fungsional ingkang dipungadahi triptofan, [[indol]], boten gadhah asem-asem amino dasaripun. Manawi triptofan dados prekursor ingkang kathah senyawa biologis ingkang wigati kanti kasusun ing kerangka indol. Triptofan inggih punika prekursor [[melatonin]] ([[hormon]] perangsang tilem), [[serotonin]] (suatu transmiter ing [[sistem saraf]]) lan [[niasin]] ([[vitamin]]). Triptofan boten mroduksi déning salira, nanging saged dados [[nutrisi]] asupan saking prosès pencernaan kaliyan enzim [[proteolitik]]. [[Asam amino]]ingkang kathah ngandut coklat, ''oat'', [[durèn]], [[mangga]], ''dried dates'', [[susu]], [[yogurt]], [[keju]], [[daging]] abrit, [[nduk]], daging [[unggas]], [[wijen]], ''chickpeas'', [[biji]] [[bunga srengéngé]], biji [[labu]], spirulina, [[kacang]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.vitamins-supplements.org/amino-acids/tryptophan.php | title = Vitamins & health supplements guide | accessdate = 2012-10-16 | archive-date = 2011-06-21 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110621113620/http://www.vitamins-supplements.org/amino-acids/tryptophan.php | url-status = dead }}</ref> Triptofan inggih punika salah satunggaling asem amino esensial ing salira ingkang migunani kanggé mensintesis [[protéin]]. Triptofan ugi dados [[prekursor]] saking [[serotonin]] ingkang bantu ngatur pola tilem, napsu mangan, triptofan ugi dipungunaake ing usada kanggé depresi, saha insomnia. Kekirangan triptofan saged njalari turune berat awak ing bayi saha putra-putra, [[pellagra]], punika nyebapaken napsu mangan, depresi saha kosentrasi tingkat cendhèk. == Pangana Sumber Triptofan == # Susu # DagingDaging abang utawi daging ingkang gadhah lemak kados ta [[lembu]], [[wedhus]], [[pithik]], saha [[kalkun]] gadhah kandhutan triptofan ingkang cekap inggil. # Keju # Panganan sanès, kaya ta woh-wohan gedang, saha sedanten jinis kacang-kacangan, iwak, nduk, yogurt, lan wijen. Woa abang ugi dados pilihan ingkang saé kanggé bantu ningkataken triptofan ing salebeting reh.<ref>[http://duniafitnes.com/nutrition/makanan-yang-mengandung-triptofan.html Makanan=makanan yang Mengandung Triptofan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120924024425/http://duniafitnes.com/nutrition/makanan-yang-mengandung-triptofan.html |date=2012-09-24 }} (dipununduh Tanggal 16 Oktober 2012)</ref> == Ningkataken Kadar Triptofan == Ngonsumsi panganan ingkang ngandut triptosin, boten namung ningkataken kadaripun ing aliran getih ing prekawis defisiensi triptofan. Sebapipun amergi asem amino sanès kados ta [[tirosin]], [[histidin]], saha [[leucine]], badhé nyegah triptofan nuju [[polo]]. Ngonsumsi suplemen ingkang ngandut triptofan punika sanget bantu. manawi ngonsumsi panganan ingkang gadhah [[karbohidrat]], salira bakal nguwalaken [[insulin]] kanggé ngeresiaken asem amino ingkang bersaing kaliyan triptofan. triptofan boten kapengaruh saking déning [[insulin]], saha [[insulin]] namung ngereseake asem amino sanèsipun, pramila triptofan boten mlebet ing utek. punika sebabipun punapa panjenengan ngantuk saben ngonsumsi panganan karbohidrat. konsumsi triptofan ing jumlah cekap kemawon, kanggé jaga kasaimbangan metabolisme.<ref>[http://duniafitnes.com/nutrition/makanan-yang-mengandung-triptofan.html Meningkatkan Kadar Triptofan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120924024425/http://duniafitnes.com/nutrition/makanan-yang-mengandung-triptofan.html |date=2012-09-24 }} (dipununduh tanggal 16 Oktober 2012))</ref> Secara sami-sami, [[operator]], [[promoter]], saha gen-gen ingkang dipunkontrol sadaya rentang DNA ingkang dipunbetahake kanggé mroduksi enzim jalur triptofan nyusun operan.<ref name="buku1">Campbell,Neil A,dkk."BIOLOGI Edisi Kedelapan Jilid 1".ISBN.Erlangga.Jakarta.(2008:382)</ref> == Cathetan suku == {{Reflist}} [[Kategori:Asam organik|amino es triptofan]] hujl743n5h7ukwt0o8hem7c98npupry 0 93998 1755901 1732669 2026-08-31T22:53:53Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1755901 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:Buffet Germany.jpg|thumb|Makanan bergaya Jerman.]] '''Masakan Jerman''' ({{lang-de|'''deutsche Küche'''}}) iku pawon utawa masakan saka nagara Jerman. Sanajan mangkono, masakan Jerman iku ndarbèni variasi akèh sajeroning tlatah ing wewengkon nagarané.<ref name="masakan laladan jerman">[http://www.sallybernstein.com/food/cuisines/germany/ Ethnic Cuisine: Germany], ''sallybernstein''. Diakses padha 7 November 2012.</ref><ref name="masakan laladan jerman-food and drink">[http://www.frommers.com/destinations/germany/0224020880.html Food & Drink] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130723034402/http://www.frommers.com/destinations/germany/0224020880.html |date=2013-07-23 }}, ''frommers''. Dipunakses 7 November 2012.</ref> Wewengkon [[Bayern]] lan [[Swabia]] gadhah tradisi kulinèr ingkang sami kaliyan tangga ing kidul, [[Switserlan]] lan [[Ostenrik]]. [[Babi]], [[sapi]] lan [[unggas]] inggih punika daging utami ingkang dipunkonsumsiakén ing Jerman. antawis unggas, [[pitik]] inggih punika ingkang umum, manawi [[bèbèk]], [[angsa]] lan [[kalkun]] ugi dipunmadhang. Masakan Jerman gadhah kathah rupa asli sampun adhaptasi sami trèn keséhatan modèrèn lan citarasa kaum [[imigran]].<ref name="masakan laladan jerman"/> Masakan Jerman dipuntepang ing produk [[susu]], [[kèju]], [[sosis]] (Wurst), [[kuwé|kuwé-kuwé]], [[pangsit]] sérta pintén-pintén jénis produk ombenan [[bir]], [[anggur (minuman)|anggur]], ombenan [[distilasi]] kados ta ''Hacker-Pschorr'' lan ''Lowenbrau'' (bir), ''Asbach Uralt'' ([[brandy]]), ''Joseph Freiderich'' ([[Anggur (minuman)|anggur]]), lan ''Fuerst Metternich Sekt'' ([[sampanye]]).<ref name="masakan laladan jerman"/><ref name="masakan laladan jerman-food and drink"/><ref name="german-worldbook-food n drink">{{cite book|last=|first=|title=The World Book Encyclopedia|publisher=World Book-G, Volume 8, Inc.|year=2006|pages=150|isbn=0-7166-0106-0}}</ref> Variasi masakan moderen Jerman (neue Küche) ugi dipunaruhi kaliyan masakan asing.<ref name="masakan laladan jerman-food and drink"/> tiyang saking [[Turki]] lan [[Italia]] ingkang dados [[imigran]], nambah raos lan rupa kuliner Jerman kaliyan masakan kas nagara.<ref name="masakan laladan jerman-food and drink"/> kathah jinis masakan Jerman dipunciptaken ing atusan taun lajeng kanggé nyegah bahan panganan ingkang sampun bosok.<ref name="german-worldbook-food n drink"/> tuladane inggih punika [[Sauerkraut]], ingkang dipundamel saking kol ingkang dipunfermentasiaken.<ref name="german-worldbook-food n drink"/> kanggé ngawetake [[daging]], tiyang Jerman ngerendem ing [[cuka]] lan [[bumbon crakèn]], kados ta ''Sauerbraten''.<ref name="german-worldbook-food n drink"/> == Bahan == === Sayuran lan Buah-buahan === pinten-pinten jinis [[tanaman pangan]] dipunproduksi ing Jerman, antawis [[hop]] (produsen ingkang ageng ing donya), [[tebu]], [[barley]], [[gandum]], [[kenthang]], [[oat]], lan [[rye]].<ref name="masakan laladan jerman"/> [[Kol]] lan [[wortel]] punika bahan [[sayuran]] ingkang wigatos.<ref name="masakan laladan jerman"/> [[Buah-buahan]] ingkang dipanen musiman antawis [[apel]], [[pir]], [[Grossulariaceae|currant]], [[stroberi]], lan ''raspberi''.<ref name="masakan laladan jerman"/> === Daging === [[Gambar:Bratwurst.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Bratwurst dengan sauerkraut dan kenthang.]] Salah satunggaling produk daging ingkang kathah dipunkasilaken déning Jerman inggih punika sosis.<ref name="produk daging jerman">[http://www.foodfromgermany.org/consumer/facts/guidetosausages.cfm Guide to German Sausages & Meat Products] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.is/20080307163116/http://www.foodfromgermany.org/consumer/facts/guidetosausages.cfm |date=2008-03-07 }}, ''foodfromgermany''. Diakses padha 07 November 2012</ref> wonten langkung sakingi 1500 jinis sosis saking sadaya Jerman ingkang kapérang saking jinis ''sosis segar'' (''Rohwurst''), ''sosis rebus'' ([[Brühwurst]]), ''sosis masak'' (''Kochwurst'') lan ham.<ref name="produk daging jerman"/> dipunmangertosi ing taun 2002 tiyang Jerman kinten-kinten madhang 82,1&nbsp;kg daging ing setaun.<ref>[http://earthtrends.wri.org/searchable_db/results.php?years=2002-2002&variable_ID=193&theme=8&cID=70&ccID=2 Agriculture and Food — Meat Consumption: Per capita]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ''earthtrends.wri.org''. Diakses padha 07 November 2012</ref> ==== Wurst ==== ''Wurst'' utawi [[sosis]] kas Jerman, punika jinis [[makanan]] favorit warga Jerman ingkang sampun wonten ing jaman kino. saben laladan damel jinis Wurst kas kaliyan ngginakaken métodhe turun-temurun.<ref name="produk daging jerman"/> Jinis sosis ingkang kathah dipunmadhang antawisipun ''Bratwurst'' kas [[Nürnberg]], Wurst ingkang dipundamel saking[[daging babi]] berbumbu, ''Rotwurst'' dari [[Thüringen]], ''Weisswurst'' saking [[München]], sarta [[ham]] kas [[Bayern]].<ref name="produk daging jerman"/> tiyang Jerman limrahipun madang Wurst kaliyan [[roti]] lan olesan [[moster]].<ref name="produk daging jerman"/> nanging sosis asalipun Frankfurt dipunsebat kanthi asma ''Frankfurter'', nanging ing[[Amérika Sarékat]] lan Jerman gadhah asma ''Wienerwurst'' (Sosis Wina) lan ing [[Ostenrik]] piyambakipun gadhah asma ''Frankfurter''.<ref name="produk daging jerman"/> Jinis-jinis ingkang populèr antawisipun: {| class="wikitable" |- !Nama sosis !! Keterangan!! Asal!! Gambar |- | '''Bratwurst''' || dipundamel saking daging babi cincang ingkang dibumbui|| [[Nürnberg]]||[[Gambar:Bratwurst on the grill.jpg|150px]] |- | '''Weisswurst''' (sosis putih)|| dipundamel saking campuran daging sapi mudha, utek lan limpa||[[Bayern]]||[[Gambar:Flickr - cyclonebill - Weisswurst.jpg|150px]] |- | '''Bauernwurst''' (sosis tani)|| dipundamel sakig daging sapi utawi babi kaliyan bumbu lan bumbon crakèn||[[Frankfurt]] |- |'''Knackwurst'''||Campuran daging sapi, babi ingkang dicacah lan bawang putih||Frankfurt||[[Gambar:Knackwurst.jpg|150px]] |- |'''Leberwurst''' (sosis hati)||dipundamel saking ati ingkang dibumbui||[[Hesse]]||[[Gambar:Leberwurst gekocht.jpg|150px]] |- |'''Rinderwurst''' (sosis daging sapi)||dipundamel saking daging sapi||[[Westfalen]]||[[Gambar:Frankfurter-gref-voelsing-rindswurst-001.jpg|150px]] |- |} === Keju === Rakyat Jerman ngasilaken kathah 150 jinis keju kados ta [[Limburger]], [[Munster]], lan [[Tilsiter]] ingkang dipunnamani ing laladan ingkang damel.<ref name="cheeselove">[http://www.ilovecheese.co.uk/German.html German Cheese: Bierkaese, Cambazola and More], ''I Love Cheese''. Diakses padha 07 Novèmber 2012.</ref> nanging makaten, keju Jerman kirang misuwur amargi sapérangan ageng niru keju-keju nagara [[Éropa]] sanès.<ref name="cheeselove"/><ref name="encyclopedia">{{cite book | author=Harbutt, Juliet | title=The World Encyclopedia of Cheese | publisher= Anness Publishing Ltd | year=2006 | id=ISBN 978-1-84309-960-4}} Page 109-111.</ref> === Kue === tiyang Jerman gadhah kathah [[resep]] pembuatan [[kuwé]]-kuwé tradhisional.<ref name="type of cookies">[http://www.ehow.com/list_5996399_types-german-cookies.html Types of German Cookies] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170923181027/http://www.ehow.com/list_5996399_types-german-cookies.html |date=2017-09-23 }}, ''ehow''. Diakses 07 November 2012.</ref><ref name="kuwé-kuwé lecker jerman">[http://www.germanfoods.org/consumer/facts/guidetocookies.cfm Guide to German Cookies, Cakes, Desserts and Confectioneries], ''germanfoods.org''. Diakses 07 November 2012.</ref> Tradisinipun punika sampun nikmati kuwé kaliyan ombenan [[kopi]] utawi teh berabad-abad, nanging nembé ngantos 1800-an, tradisi punika ngerembag pesat saat gula mirah ingkang dipunproses saking [[bit gula]] dipunsade ing peken.<ref name="type of cookies"/> saben laladan ing Jerman ngerembakaken resep kuwé kaliyan kombinasi [[bumbon crakèn]].<ref name="type of cookies"/> Kue-kuwé banyak disajikan saat hari [[Natal]] saat toko-toko kuwé dipenuhi dengan pinten-pinten jinis kuwé-kuwé enek lan apik.<ref name="type of cookies"/><ref name="kuwé-kuwé lecker jerman"/> Contohnya, wewengkon [[Thüringen]], [[Bremen]], lan [[Sachsen]] ([[Niedersachsen]]/[[Sachsen Bawah]]-[[Sachsen]]-[[Sachsen-Anhalt]]), memiliki kuwé "[[Stollen|Dresdner Stollen]]" ([[bolu]] ingkang dipuntaburi gendhis), "[[Lebkuchen]]" (roti jahe), "''Welfenspeise''" (dessert rasa vanilla ingkang dipundamel saking anggur), lan ing sapérangan<ref name="masakan laladan jerman"/> == Aktivitas madang == [[Gambar:Weisswurstfrühstück.jpg|thumb|right|Sarapan kas Bayern]] [[Gambar:Brunch Berlin.jpg|thumb|right|Cemilan sehabis sarapan kas Berlin]] Sajian [[masakan]] orang Jerman terbagi atas 2 sampai 7 pérangan.<ref name="masakan laladan jerman"/> Umumnya kapérang saking ''panganan pambuka'' utawi appetizer (''Vorspeise''), [[sup]] (Suppe), ''panganan utama'' (''Hauptspeise'') kaliyan satunggal utawi kalih lauk ingkang dipunsajiaken mentah utawi dipunmasak (Beilagen).<ref name="masakan laladan jerman"/> ''[[Makanan ringan]]'' sasampunipun madang utama dipunnamani Nachpeise.<ref name="masakan laladan jerman"/> Unjukanipun inggih punika [[bir]], [[anggur]], utawi [[Sekt]] (jinis sampanye). Sanèsipun punika, tiyang enem utawi tuwa ugi remen ''Radler'' (bir ingkang dipuncampur kaliyan jus lemon utawi apel) utawi ''Limo'' (toya legi ingkang dipuncampur kaliyan sari [[lemon]]).<ref name="masakan laladan jerman"/> Tiyang Jerman limrahipun madang panganan utama ing wanci [[madang siyang]] kaliayn lauk daging sapi enem, [[daging babi]], [[daging sapi]], utawi [[daging ayam]] kaliyan [[sayur]]-mayur kados ta [[bit gula]], [[wortel]], [[kenthang]], [[bawang]] lan [[lobak]].<ref name="german-worldbook-food n drink"/> [[Sarapan]] limrahipun kapérang saking ''roll'' lan [[selai]] kaliayan[[minuman]] [[kopi]] utawi [[susu]].<ref name="german-worldbook-food n drink"/> Makan ndalu limrahipun nyajikaken panganan ringan kados ta [[roti]], [[keju]] lan [[sosis]] kaliyan unjukan [[bir]] utawi [[anggur (minuman)|anggur]].<ref name="german-worldbook-food n drink"/> Anggur lan bir Jerman dipuntepang kualitas inggil.<ref name="german-worldbook-food n drink"/> Tiyang Jerman ugi remen ngunjuk [[kopi]] saking mesin ndamel kopi otomatis lan nyajikaken ''Torte'' utawi ''Kuchen'' ([[kuwé]]-kuwé).<ref name="masakan laladan jerman"/> Punika asring nyajikaken dateng tamu ingkang nembé rawuh.<ref name="masakan laladan jerman"/> Kopi Jerman gadhah kadar kafein ingkang langkung entheng dipunbandingaken ''kopi Ostenrik'' lan ''kopi Italia''.<ref name="masakan laladan jerman"/> Punika nyebutaken ''Bluemchenkaffee'' ("kopi bunga alit") ingkang asalipun saking mangsa peperangan, ing wanci ngunjuk kopi dipun-gantos kaliyan unjukan akar ''chicory'', ing pundhi gadhah sekar alit ingkang warni biru.<ref name="masakan laladan jerman"/> Kulawarga Jerman limrahipun nghabisaken wekdal sonten, utamnipun saking dinten [[Minggu]] kaliyan ngunjuk [[kopi]] lan madang [[kuwé]].<ref name="german-worldbook-food n drink"/> Tradisi punika dipunnamani kaliyan ''Kaffeeundkuchen'' utawi ''kopi lan kuwé''.<ref name="kuedankopi">[http://www.cafebabel.co.uk/article/35438/cake-coffee-kaffeeundkuchen-germany-tea.html British "tea" vs German "coffee-and-cake" Sundays] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101021024211/http://www.cafebabel.co.uk/article/35438/cake-coffee-kaffeeundkuchen-germany-tea.html |date=2010-10-21 }}, ''cafebabel.co.uk''. Diakses padha 30 November 2010.</ref> Ing wekdal punika warga Jerman santai kaliyan ngendika supados tradisi punika dipunnamani ugi ''Kaffeklatsch'' utawi ''gosip kopi''.<ref name="kuedankopi"/> Jinis kuwé ingkang dipunsajikaken limrahipun inggih punika kuwé saking resep tradhisional kados ta ''Teilchen'' utawi ''Stückchen'', ''Kaffestückchen'' (''mignardise''), ''Gebäckstückchen'' (''petit-fours''), ''Plunderstücke'' (''puff pastry''), ''Kalte Schnauze'' ''(cold snout)'', ''Kalter Hund'' ''(cold dog)'' lan sanèsipun.<ref name="kuedankopi"/> == Masakan laladan == [[Gambar:Schwarzwald zoom.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Schwarzwälder Kirschtorte, kuwé Black Forest.]] Masakan rakyat Jerman punika bervariasi dhedhasar tlatahipun, asil bumi, sarta citarasa warga Jerman énggal ingkang gesang ing [[reunifikasi Jerman|reunifikasi]].<ref name="masakan laladan jerman"/><ref name="masakan laladan jerman-food and drink"/> Tlatah-tlatah kados ta [[Nordrhein Westfalen]], [[Rheinland-Pfalz]], [[Saarland]] lan [[Baden-Württemberg]] gadhah produk-produk kuliner ingkang dipunkasilaken saking tlatah ''Black Forest'' lan [[Lepen Rhein]], sarta indhustri ombenan anggur ingkang kawetasan kaliyan nagara [[Bèlgi]], [[Prancis]] lan [[Switserlan]].<ref name="masakan laladan jerman-food and drink"/> Masakan-masakan ingkang misuwur saking tlatah punika tuladhanipun ''Badener Schneckensuepple'' (sup kentrl kaisi siput lan herba), [[Kue Black Forest|Schwarzwalder Kirschtorte]]" (kuwé Black Forest), lan ''Rheinischer Sauerbraten'' (sapi panggang ingkang dipunrebus kaliyan anggur).<ref name="masakan laladan jerman-food and drink"/> === Bayern lan Hessen === [[Gambar:Leberkäse-1.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Leberkäse]] Laladan [[Bayern]] (Bavaria) lan [[Hessen]] gadhah tradisi kuliner kaliyan produk-produk [[bir]], [[daging]] lan [[susu]], antawisipun ''Spannferkel'' (babi panggang enem), ''Handkaes'' (keju berbau kas ingkang kadamel saking krim asem) lan ''Schwaebische Kasespaetzle'' (pangsit ingkang dipunlapisi mentega lan keju).<ref name="masakan laladan jerman"/> Laladan [[Franconia]] ing Bavaria gadhah masakan ''Leberkäse'' (ham campuran daging babi cincang, daging sapi lan hati dingin), ''Knödel'' (pangsit utawi roti celup), ''Haxen'' (kaki babi utawi sapi mudha, limrahipun dipunmadang kaliyan [[sauerkraut]]), ''Rostbratwürste'' (sosis jari alit), ''Leberknödel'' (pangsit hati ageng kaliyan kaldu bening) lan ''Schweinwurst mit Kraut'' (sosis babi kaliyan [[sauerkraut]]).<ref name="masakan laladan jerman-food and drink"/> === Baden-Württemberg === Ing laladan kidul, sawatawis [[Stuttgart]], wonten masakan ''Schneckensuppe'' (masakan sup [[siput]]), [[Spätzle]] ([[pasta]] ingkang kadamel saking ndok), ''Maultaschen'' (''ravioli'' ingkang dipuniisi kaliyan daging cincang, [[bayam]] lan utek sapi mudha).<ref name="masakan laladan jerman-food and drink"/> Masakan ingkang populèr manawi ''Geschnetzeltes'' (potongan daging sapi mudha ing saus krim).<ref name="masakan laladan jerman-food and drink"/> Warga [[Stuttgart]] gadhah masakan ''Gaisburger Marsch'', sup rebusan daging sapi.<ref name="masakan laladan jerman-food and drink"/> Masakan sanèsipun inggih punika ''Rostbraten'', masakan daging sapi ingkang dipunsajikaken kaliyan [[sauerkraut]] utawi ''Linsen mit Saiten'', rebusan ''miju-miju'' kaliyan [[sosis]].<ref name="masakan laladan jerman-food and drink"/> === Sachsen lan Thüringen === [[Gambar:Quarkkeulchen.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Quarkkeulchen]] [[Sachsen]] lan [[Thüringen]] ing laladan sisih wétan Jerman, masakan mliginipun kanggé ''Linsensuppe mit Thüringer Rotwurst'' (sup ''miju-miju'' kaliyan sosis kas Thuringia), ''Rinderzunge'' (lidah sapi mudha) kaliyan saus anggur.<ref name="masakan laladan jerman-food and drink"/> ''Kartoffelsuppe'' (sup kenthang) inggih punika jinis favorit warga tlatah punika sami jinis masakan pambuka, ''Quarkkeulchen'', ingkang dipundamel saking [[dadih]], kenthang rebus, tepung, gula lan kismis, lajeng dipunparingi [[kayu legi]] lan [[saus apel]].<ref name="masakan laladan jerman-food and drink"/> Saben kutha ugi gadhah masakan kas, tuladhanipun [[Leipzig]], gadhah ''Leipziger Allerlei'', campuran wortel, buncis, asparagus, kembang kol, jamur, ''crayfish'' (jinis [[lobster]] air tawar), [[buntut sapi]], daging sapi mudha lan [[pangsit]].<ref name="masakan laladan jerman-food and drink"/> === Barat laut lan utara === [[Gambar:Rote Grütze mit Milch.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Rote Grütze]] Kuliner laladan barat laut lan utara, inggih punika ing praja-praja [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[Hamburg]], [[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]], [[Brandenburg]] lan [[Berlin]], kawatasan kaliyan [[Laut Baltik]] lan [[Laut Utara]].<ref name="masakan laladan jerman"/> Kawasan punika dipuntepang gadhah kathah jinis [[bumbon crakèn]] lan dipunprabawai kuliner nagara-nagara [[Skandinavia]] lan [[Éropa Wétan]].<ref name="masakan laladan jerman"/> Masakan ingkang misuwur antawisipun ''[[Rote Grütze]]'' (sup buah), ''Sauerfleisch'' (sup daging kaliyan gelatin ikan), ''Bulletten'' ([[bakso]] daging), ''Helgolander Krabbensalat'' ([[salad]] udang ''Helgoland''), lan ''Soeier'' (ndok acar).<ref name="masakan laladan jerman"/> ==== Niedersachsen lan Schleswig-Holstein ==== [[Gambar:Rollmops 02.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Rollmops]] Mliginipun kanggé daearh [[Niedersachsen]] lan [[Schleswig-Holstein]] (Jerman barat laut), kaliyan produk lan asil lautipun gadhah masakan kas antawisipun ''Aalsuppe'', sup [[belut]] asem manis ingkang dipunparingi ''bacon'', [[sayuran]], lan manawi dipunsajikaken kaliyan [[pir|buah pir]], [[persik]] utawi buah sanès.<ref name="masakan laladan jerman-food and drink"/> * ''Labskaus'', inggih punika jinis masakan ingkang dipunremeni déning kaum [[pelaut]],ingkang kadamel saking campuran [[daging babi]], ''herring'' asin, lan daging sapi, kaliyan kenthang lan [[bit gula]]. Masakan punika dipunparingi tambahan [[ndok goreng]] lan [[ketimun]] minangka makanan sampingan.<ref name="masakan laladan jerman-food and drink"/> * ''Bruntes Huhn'', inggih punika daging sapi asin kaliyan potongan sayur-sayuran.<ref name="masakan laladan jerman-food and drink"/> * ''Rollmops'' inggih punika jinis masakan ingkang kadamel saking herring acar ingkang dipungulung kaliyan krim asem.<ref name="masakan laladan jerman-food and drink"/> * ''Finkenwerder Scholle'', masakan ''ikan plaice'' (ikan pipih) ingkang dipundahar mentah utawi dipunpanggang kaliyan [[keju]].<ref name="masakan laladan jerman-food and drink"/> ==== Berlin ==== [[Gambar:Erbsensuppenteller.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Erbsensuppe]] Kuliner laladan [[Berlin]] kathah kawiwitan saking jaman [[Prussia]] antawisipun pinten-pinten jinis [[sup]] anget kanggé [[mangsa dingin]] inggih punika ''Kohlsuppe'' (sup kol) lan ''Erbsensuppe'' (sup [[kacang polong]]), lajeng wonten [[roti ireng]], mliginipun ''pumpernickel'' saking [[Westfalen]].<ref name="masakan laladan jerman-food and drink"/> Kangge [[dessert]], tiyang Berlin gadhah ''Kugelhupf'', sejinis [[bolu]] [[kopi]], lan ''Käsekuchen'', [[cheesecake|bolu keju]]. Nanging, masakan kas Berlin ingkang misuwur inggih punika ''Eisbein'', masakan [[balung]] kaki babi.<ref name="masakan laladan jerman-food and drink"/> === Westfalen === Kawasan Westfalen dipuntepang minangka produsen [[ham]], antawisipun ''Sulperknochen'',ingkang kadamel saking sikil, kuping, lan buntut babi ingkang di[unsajikaken kaliyan pudding [[kacang polong]] lan acar kol.<ref name="masakan laladan jerman-food and drink"/> Jinis masakan sanès: * ''Tüttchen'', daging cincang berbumbu ingkang kadamel saking utek sapi mudha.<ref name="masakan laladan jerman-food and drink"/> * ''Pickert'', inggih punika kuwé [[kenthang]] legi kaliyan [[kismis]].<ref name="masakan laladan jerman-food and drink"/> === Rheinland-Pfalz === [[Gambar:Sauerbraten-mariniert.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Sauerbraten]] Wewengkon [[Rheinland-Pfalz]] gadhah jinis masakan ingkang bahan dasaripun [[daging]], antawisipun ''Saumagen'', perut babi ingkang kaisi kaliyan acar kol, ''Schweinepfeffer'', daging babi cincang ingkang dipunbumbui pedes kaliyan [[darah]] babi, ''Hämchen'', kaki babi kaliyan [[acar]] [[kol]] lan [[kenthang]], ''Sauerbraten'', daging sapi ingkang dipunbumbui lan [[cuka]] [[anggur]].<ref name="masakan laladan jerman-food and drink"/> Mantan [[Kanselir]] [[Konrad Adenauer]] ingkang asalipun saking Rheinland remen masakan ''Reibekukchen'', [[panekuk]] [[kenthang]] kaliyan [[saus apel]] utawi [[blueberry]].<ref name="masakan laladan jerman-food and drink"/> Unjukan ingkang dipunremeni inggih punika ''Federweisser'', anggur ingkang énggal minangka dipunfermentasikaken.<ref name="masakan laladan jerman-food and drink"/> Federweisser remen unjukan nyantap kuwé tar bawang.<ref name="masakan laladan jerman-food and drink"/> Jinis masakan sanès: * ''Hase im Topf'' inggih punika jinis ''pâté'' (masakan daging cincang) [[kelinci]]. * ''Bratwurst'', [[sosis]] babi. * ''Regensburger'', sosis babi pedes. == Ombenan == === Bir === Jerman mproduksi [[bir]] (Bier) ingkang bervariasi lan kualitasipun bermutu.<ref name="masakan laladan jerman-food and drink"/> Pinten-pinten laladan gadhah tradisi mproduksi bir kas, mliginipun praja [[Bayern]] ingkang gadhah pabrik bir (brauerei) tertua ing donya.<ref name="masakan laladan jerman-food and drink"/> Kawasan [[Berlin]], [[Hamburg]], [[Ruhr]], [[Hesse]], lan [[Stuttgart]] ngasilaken jinis bir ingkang misuwur, inggih punika [[Pilsner|Pils]].<ref name="masakan laladan jerman-food and drink"/> Sawetara jinis ''Altbier'' dipunproduksi ing sadaya laladan Jerman. Bir Jerman baku inggih punika ''Vollbier'' ingkang gadhah 4%.<ref name="masakan laladan jerman-food and drink"/> kandhutan alkohol, lan ingkang langkung keras inggih punika Export (5%) lan Bockbier (6%).<ref name="masakan laladan jerman-food and drink"/> {| class="wikitable" |- !Nama bir !! Keterangan!! Asal!! Gambar |- |'''Dunkelbier'''|| Bir gadhah warni gelap ingkang dipunkasilaken saking fermentasi langkung lami||[[Nordrhein-Westfalen]]||[[Gambar:Paulaner.jpg|50px]] |- |'''Doppelbock'''|| Bir gadhah warna gelap, kandunganipun alkohol 6%||| [[München]], || |- |'''Kölsch'''||Bir saking [[hop]] lan warninipun kuning jernih||[[Köln]]||[[Gambar:Zunft-Kölsch Glas.JPG|50px]] |- |'''Rauchbier'''||Jinis bir ingkang gadhah raos beluk amargi prosès [[pengasapan]]||[[Bamberg]]||[[Gambar:Aecht schlenkerla rauchbier.jpg|50px]] |- |'''Dampfbier'''||Bir berkarbornasi amargi dipunfermentasikaken ing suhu inggil||[[Bayreuth]]||[[Gambar:Dampfbier.jpg|50px]] |- |'''Hefeweizen'''||Bir saking gandum ingkang dipunparingi kaliyan perasan jeruk [[lemon]]||Seludaya Jerman||[[Gambar:Hefeweizen.jpg|50px]] |- |'''Berliner Weisse'''||Bir gandum ingkang dipunparingi sirup ''raspberi'' utawi ''woodruff''||[[Berlin]]||[[Gambar:BerlinerWeisse.jpg|50px]] |- |'''Altbier'''||Bir berwarna coklat ingkang kadamel saking [[barley]], populèr ing [[Düsseldorf]] lan [[Frankfurt]]||[[Westfalen]], [[Rheinland-Pfalz]]||[[Gambar:Diebels in Altbierglas.jpg|50px]] |- |'''Starkbierzeit'''||Bir keras ingkang dipununjuk ing wekdalgentong bir dipunbikak sasampunipun karaméan [[Pra-Paskah|Fastenzeit]] ing wula Maret. Punika bir Jerman ingkang gadhah kandhutan alkohol tertinggi||München|| |- |[[Pilsner]]||Bir ringan lan gadhah raos hop||[[Dortmund]]||[[Gambar:Pilsner Bier.jpg|50px]] |- |} === Anggur === {{Main|Anggur Jerman}} Jerman punika produsen [[anggur (ombenan)|ombenan anggur]] ngantos abad-abad, nanging énggal sapunika kapungkasan [[perang]], mliginipun ing taun 1970-an, produksinipun mundhak pesat.<ref name="masakan laladan jerman-food and drink"/> Ing wanci punika, Jerman gadhah kathah produsen alit ingkang mproduksi ombenan anggur ingkang berkualitas.<ref name="masakan laladan jerman-food and drink"/> Anggur Jerman ingkang dipuntepang ing raosipun ingkang alami ingkang ringan lan keseimbangan antawis raps legi lan asem.<ref name="masakan laladan jerman-food and drink"/> Sebagian kebun anggur dipunbudidayakaken ing kaki-kaki [[bukit]], mliginipun ing pinggiran [[Sungai Rhine]] lan ''Lepen Mosel'' sarta putra-putranipun saéngga nampi [[sinar srengéngé]] ingkang dipunpantulaken ing toya lèpèn.<ref name="masakan laladan jerman-food and drink"/> Anggur Jerman ingkang matang kaliyan lambat prabawa kaliyan raos ingkang segar lan [[asem]] ingkang unik.<ref name="masakan laladan jerman-food and drink"/> Jerman mproduksi sakedhik ''anggur merah'' lan kathah ''anggur pethak'' lan rosé (abrit jambu) kaliyan raos ingkang asring ''trocken'' ("pahit") utawi ''halbtrocken'' ("setengah pahit") ingkang tertera ing label, bènten kaliyan ''dessert'' kaliyan bahan ndamelanipun saking ombenan anggur ingkang raosipun legi.<ref name="masakan laladan jerman-food and drink"/> <div align="center"><gallery> Gambar:Krombacher BHG.jpg|Bir Pilsner Gambar:Wirsching Silvaner Kabinett 2007.jpg|Anggur Kabinett </gallery></div> == Masakan Dinten Natal == Wonten kathah sajian hidangan istimewa ingkang dipunmasak ing[[Hari Natal]] ing Jerman, salah satunggalipun inggih punika angsa panggang (''Weihnachtsgans'').<ref name="masakannataljerman">[http://www.inmamaskitchen.com/SEASONS/germanchristmas.html German Christmas, History, Traditions and Food] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101205073847/http://inmamaskitchen.com/SEASONS/germanchristmas.html |date=2010-12-05 }}, ''inmamaskitchen''. Dipunakses 30 November 2010.</ref><ref name="angsapanggangjerman">[http://www.everythingaboutgermany.com/German-Christmas-Food.html Traditional German Christmas Foods & Drinks] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110823105932/http://www.everythingaboutgermany.com/German-Christmas-Food.html |date=2011-08-23 }}, ''everythingaboutgermany.com''. Diakses padha 30 November 2010.</ref> Angsa punika ing salebeting dipunlebetaken campuran buah [[apel]] lan [[persik]] kaliyan [[pangsit]] [[kenthang]], [[kol]] abrit, lan [[saus]] anggur.<ref name="masakannataljerman"/><ref name="angsapanggangjerman"/> Sanèsipun punika, méja [[prasmanan]] asring dipunsediakaken kaliyan pinten-pinten jinis sosis.<ref name="masakannataljerman"/> Jinis kuwé ingkang dipungemari inggih punika [[kuwé]]-kuwé panggang lan [[stollen]].<ref name="masakannataljerman"/> == Oktoberfest == ''[[Oktoberfest]]'' inggih punika festival minum [[bir]] ingkang ageng ing donya ingkang sampun ngerembag dados [[pista]] pangan lan ombèn kaliyan kathah pondhok jajanan, permainan [[musik]], lan pertunjukkan [[kostum]] lan pawai.<ref name="karaméan oktoberfest">[http://www.globalgourmet.com/destinations/germany/octintro.html#axzz16jCPLbDj Oktoberfest Introduction], ''globalgourmet''. Dipunakses 30 November 2010.</ref> Sewetawis 7 yuta liter bir dipununjuk ing wanci karaméan sepanjang 16 dinten.<ref name="karaméan oktoberfest"/> Oktoberfest dipunwontenaken wiwit tanggal 16 utawi 17 September lan kapungkasan ing dinten Minggu kawiwitan ing wulan Oktober lan saben taun dipunkunjungi langkung saking 7 yuta [[wisatawan]].<ref name="karaméan oktoberfest"/> Ing dhialèk lokal, Oktoberfest dipunnamani ugi ''Wies'n''.<ref name="karaméan oktoberfest"/> == Lihat Uga == * [[Pasar Natal]] * [[Masakan Ostenrik]] * [[Keju Jerman]] * [[Masakan Switserlan]] * [[Masakan Polen]] * [[Masakan Prancis]] * [[Masakan Italia]] * [[Masakan Turki]] == Cathetan suku == {{Reflist}} == Pranala njaba == {{Commons category|Cuisine of Germany}} * {{id icon}} [http://www.sinarharapan.co.id/feature/cafe_resto/2004/1210/cafe1.html Schwabing Bratwurst and Beers, cita rasa Bavaria di Ibu Kota] * {{en icon}} [http://www.cp-pc.ca/english/germany/eating.html Eating the German way] * {{en icon}} [http://www.kitchenproject.com/german/german_food_recipes.htm Resep masakan Jerman] * {{en icon}} [http://www.cuisineeurope.com/recipes_germany/main_recipes_germany_en.html Resep masakan Jerman] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080124081529/http://www.cuisineeurope.com/recipes_germany/main_recipes_germany_en.html |date=2008-01-24 }} [[Kategori:Masakan Jerman| ]] j86wduzpm7ivfwjsnsl830cn0yzrowx 0 95898 1755902 1733812 2026-09-01T00:22:58Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1755902 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Airport | name = Papan Anggegana Internasional Baiyun Guangzhou | nativename-a = 广州白云国际机场 | nativename-r = Guǎngzhōu Báiyún Guójì Jīchǎng | image = | image2 = Guangzhou Baiyun Airport 2.JPG | image2-width = 250 | IATA = CAN | ICAO = ZGGG | type = Public | owner = | operator = Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport Co. Ltd. | city-served = [[Guangzhou]], [[Cina]] | location = | hub = [[Cina Southern Airlines]] <br /> [[FedEx Express]] | elevation-m = 15 | latd = 23 | latm = 23 | lats = 33 | latNS = N | longd=113 | longm= 17 | longs= 56 | longEW= E | coordinates_region = CN-44 | website = {{url|http://www.baiyunairport.com}} | pushpin_map = Cina Guangdong | pushpin_label = '''CAN''' | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Guangdong Province | metric-elev = yes | metric-rwy = yes | r1-number = 02L/20R | r1-length-m = 3,600 | r1-surface = [[Beton]] | r2-number = 02R/20L | r2-length-m = 3,800 | r2-surface = Beton | r3-number = — | r3-length-m = 3,800 | r3-surface = Under Construction | footnotes = | stat-year = 2011 | stat1-header = Passengers | stat1-data = 45,040,340 | footnotes = Source: [[List of the busiest airports in the People's Republic of Cina]] }} {{Chinese |t=廣州白雲國際機場 |s=广州白云国际机场 |j=gwong²zau¹ baak⁶wan⁴ Gwok³zai³ Gei¹coeng⁴ |p=Guǎngzhōu Báiyún Guójì Jīchǎng }} '''Papan Anggegana Internasional Baiyun Guangzhou''' {{Airport codes|CAN|ZGGG}} ({{zh-all|s=广州白云国际机场|t=廣州白雲國際機場}}) ya iku [[papan anggegana internasional]]<ref name="test">[http://en.translatethings.com/g/u/a/guangzhou_baiyun_international_airport.html]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, Kaunduh 24/1/13.</ref> kang mapan ing [[Distrik Huadu]], {{Convert|28|km|mi}} lor saka pusat kutha [[Guangzhou]], provinsi [[Guangdong]], [[Republik Rakyat Cina]]. Papan Anggegana iki dibukak nalika taun 1933 lan luwih adoh marang lor nalika 5 Agustus 2004. Ana penerbangan domestik lan internasional saka papan anggegana marang kutha-kutha utama ing jero nagara lan jaban rangkah. Papan Anggegana Baiyun wujud salah siji saka tleu hub papan anggegana gedhé dhéwé kang nglayani Cina kidul, bebarengan [[Papan Anggegana Internasional Hong Kong]] lan [[Papan Anggegana Internasional Bao'an Shenzhen]]. Papan Anggegana iki dadi pusat operasi kanggo [[Cina Southern Airlines]], lan salah siji kutha fokus kanggo [[Shenzhen Airlines]]. Nalika taun 2010, jumlah penumpang ing Baiyun 40.975.673 wong lan dadi [[Pratélan papan anggegana paing sibuk ing Republik Rakyat Cina|papan anggegana tersibuk paido]] ing [[Republik Rakyat Cina|Cina]] lan papan anggegana paling sibuk kaping 19 ing dunya.<ref name="internet">[http://indonesian.cri.cn/241/2009/06/04/1s97289.htm Papan Anggegana Internasional Baiyun Guangzhou], (Kaunduh 24/1/13).</ref> == Tinjauan == Papan Anggegana saiki ing [[Kabupatèn Huadu]] dibukak nalika tanggal 5 Agustus 2004, nggateni 72 taun, identik kanti jeneng [[Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport (mantan)|papan anggegana lama]] (saiki ditutup). Papan Anggegana anyar, diyasa kanti biaya 19,8 milyar [[Renminbi|yuan]], ya iku {{??Mengkonversi | 28 | km |}} mil saka pusat kutha Guangzhou lan meh kaping 5 gedhéné saka mbiyèné. "Baiyun" (??) berarti "awan putih" sajrone [[basa Tionghoa|Tionghoa]], lan mengacu inf [[Baiyun Mountain]] ('' Baiyunshan'') ing sacepake lokasi papan anggegana mantan (luwih cepak karo pusat kutha Guangzhou saka papan anggegana anyar). Papan Anggegana iki uga karan miangka"New Baiyun" kanggo mbedakake saka versi sadurungé, nanging iki ora péranganing jeneng resmi. Pembukaan Papan Anggegana Internasional Guangzhou Baiyun Baru wis dibebasake sapérangan besar kontroversi saka papan anggegana tuwa lan èlèk amarga ruangane terbatas, kebek, sesek lan kurange ''ekspansi''. Pembukaane memungkinake kanggo ngatasi jam bengi lan pembatasan lan wiwit operasi jam 24. Iki berarti yèn Cina Southern Airlines kang bisa manfaatake rute antar dhèwèké kanti mabur sewengi. Maskapé penerbangan liya duwé manfaat iki uga. Papan Anggegana iki dilayani déning [[Stasiun Papan Anggegana(Guangzhou)|Stasiun Papan Anggegana]] ing Jalur 3 saka [[Guangzhou Metro.]] == Sajarah == Papan Anggegana lawas dibukak nalika 1932. Iki mapan ing wewengkon kang aman nalika diyasa. Nanging amarga pertumbuhan Guangzhou, papan anggegana ora bisa diambakaké kanggo jangkepi kebutuhan penumpang minangka yasan dikelilingi papan anggegana. Ana uga keluhan kanti kebrembengab saka pesawat. Rencana lagi dibahas kanggo gantèni papan anggegana. Nalika tanggal 5 Agustus 2004, papan anggegana saiki dibukak lan papan anggegana tuwa saiki ditutup. Kabèh infrastruktur papan anggegana wis dihapus lan lagi dibongkar. == Terminal == Terminal iki duwé area asrama A lan B. Kanggo salah sijiné gerbang, ana A101-A133, A01-A04, A07-A10, lan A13-A18. Kanggo gerbang B, ana B201-B235, B01-B04, B07-B10, lan B13-B18. Area salah sijiné asrama mapab ing concourse timur, lan daerah asrama B mpan ing concourse barat. Masing-masing saka 2 wewengkon pendaratan duwé 3 concourses luwih cilik. Area A dibagi dadi Timur 1-Timur 3. Wewengkon B dibagi dadi Barat 1-Barat 3. Timur 1 ya iku terminal amung iku nglayani penerbangan internasional. Duweni gerbang A101-A112 lan A01-A04. Timur 2, 3 Timur, lan Barat 1-Barat 3 kabèh nglayani penerbangan domestik. Timur 2 duwé gerbang A113-A123 lan A07-A11. Timur 3 duwé gerbang A124-A133 lan A13-A18. Barat duwé 1 gerbang B201-B213 lan B01-B04. Barat 2 duwé gerbang B214-B223 lan B07-B10. Barat 3 duwé gerbang B224-B235 lan B13-B18. Timur lan Barat 3 diyasa naliak akir 2010. Mangka saka iku, kabèh gerbang ing Baiyun Airport kudu diowah jenenge. == Maskapé == === Penumpang === {{Airport-dest-list |[[Aeroflot]]|Moskow-Sheremetyevo |[[Air Cina]]|Beijing-Ibu Kota, Chengdu, Chongqing, Dazhou, Guangyuan, Guiyang, Hangzhou, Hohhot, Luzhou, Shanghai-Hongqiao, Tianjin, Wanzhou, Wuhan, Yibin, Yuncheng<br />'''Musiman:''' Shanghai-Pudong |[[Air France]]|Paris-Charles de Gaulle |[[Air Madagascar]]|Antananarivo, Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi |[[AirAsia]]|Kuala Lumpur |[[All Nippon Airways]]|Tokyo-Narita |[[Asiana Airlines]]|Busan, Seoul-Incheon |[[Batavia Air]]|Jakarta-Soekarno-Hatta, Manado |[[Beijing Capital Airlines]]|Chengdu, Chongqing, Haikou, Hangzhou, Kunming, Lijiang, Sanya, Zhangjialjie |[[Cebu Pacific]]|Manila |[[Chengdu Airlines]]|Chengdu |[[Cina Airlines]]|Taipei-Taoyuan |[[Cina Eastern Airlines]]|Dehong/Mangshi, Hangzhou, Hefei, Huai'an, Jinan, Kunming, Lanzhou, Lijiang, Liuzhou, Nanchang, Nanjing, Ningbo, Ordos, Qingdao, Shanghai-Hongqiao, Shanghai-Pudong, Shijiazhuang, Taiyuan, Taizhou (Zhejiang), Tengchong, Wenzhou, Wuxi, Wuhan, Xi'an, Yinchuan |{{nowrap|[[Cina Southern Airlines]]}} (Penerbangan Utara, Barat laut, Timur laut) |Baoshan, Beijing-Ibu Kota, Changchun, Dalian, Dandong, Datong, Harbin, Huangshan, Jiamus, Kashgar, Lanzhou, Meixian, Mianyang, Mudanjiang, Nanchang, Nanchong, Nantong, Nanyang, Qiemo, Qiqihar, Shenyang, Shijiazhuang, Taiyuan, Tianjin, Tongren, Urümqi, Weihai, Wenzhou, Wuyishan, Wuzhou, Xiamen, Xi'an, Xiangfan, Xining, Xuzhou, Yancheng, Yichang, Yinchuan, Yining, Yongzhou, Zhangjiajie, Zhanjiang |{{nowrap|Cina Southern Airlines}} (Penerbangan Timur, Selatan, Tenggara, Barat Daya) | Beihai, Changde, Changsha, Changzhi, Changzhou, Chengdu, Chongqing, Dali, Diqing, Enshi, Fuzhou, Ganzhou, Guilin, Guiyang, Haikou, Handan, Hangzhou, Hefei, Jinan, Jining, Kunming, Kuqa, Lhasa, Lianyungang, Lijiang, Liuzhou, Luoyang, Nanjing, Nanning, Ningbo, Qingdao, Quanzhou, Sanya, Shanghai-Hongqiao, Shanghai-Pudong, Shantou, Wuhan, Wuxi, Yanji, Yiwu, Zhengzhou |{{nowrap|[[Cina Southern Airlines]]}}|Amsterdam, Auckland, Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi, Brisbane, Da Nang, Delhi, Dhaka, Dubai, Frankfurt, Fukuoka, Hanoi, Hong Kong, Jakarta-Soekarno Hatta, Kathmandu, Korla, Kota Ho Chi Minh, Kuala Lumpur, London-Heathrow<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.cs-air.com/en/ad/20120207/20120118_0.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2013-01-12 |archive-date=2012-10-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121027093135/http://www.cs-air.com/en/ad/20120207/20120118_0.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>, Los Angeles, Male, Manila, Melbourne, Moscow-Sheremetyevo, Nagoya-Centrair, Osaka-Kansai, Paris-Charles de Gaulle, Penang, Perth, Phnom Penh, Saipan, Seoul-Incheon, Siem Reap, Singapura, Sydney, Taipei-Taoyuan, Tokyo-Narita, Vancouver, Yangon <br /> '''Musiman:''' Jeju, Koh Samui, Kota Kinabalu, Langkawi, Phuket |[[Cina United Airlines]]|Beijing-Nanyuan |[[Chongqing Airlines]]|Chongqing |[[Dragonair]]|Hong Kong |[[EgyptAir]]|Cairo |[[Emirates]]|Dubai |[[Ethiopian Airlines]]|Addis Ababa, Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi |[[EVA Air]]|Kaohsiung, Taipei-Taoyuan |[[Garuda Indonesia]]|Jakarta-Soekarno Hatta |[[Hainan Airlines]]|Baotou, Beijing-Ibu Kota, Changchun, Chengdu, Chongqing, Dalian, Fuzhou, Guilin, Guiyang, Haikou, Hangzhou, Hefei, Jinan, Nanjing, Ningbo, Qingdao, Sanya, Shenyang, Taipei-Taoyuan, Taiyuan, Tangshan, Tianjin, ürümqi, Weifang, Wenzhou, Wuhan, Xi'an, Xiamen, Zhengzhou |[[Henan Airlines]]|Baise |[[Japan Airlines]]|Tokyo-Narita |[[Jetstar Asia Airways]]|Singapura<ref>http://www.jetstar.com/mediacentre/latest-announcements/detail?Id=5dd8ee82-4ad8-4317-bbd8-9b6333d18f41&language=en</ref> |[[Kenya Airways]]|Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi, Nairobi |[[Korean Air]]|Seoul-Incheon |[[Malaysia Airlines]]|Kuala Lumpur |[[Myanmar Airways International]]|Yangon |[[Qatar Airways]]|Doha |[[Saudi Arabian Airlines]]|Jeddah, Riyadh |[[Shandong Airlines]]|Jinan, Linyi, Qingdao, Yantai |[[Shanghai Airlines]]|Guilin, Hangzhou, Nanjing, Sanya, Shanghai-Hongqiao, Wenzhou, Xiamen |[[Shenzhen Airlines]]|Baotou, Changchun, Changsha, Changzhou, Chengdu, Dalian, Guiyang, Haikou, Harbin, Hohhot, Jingdezhen, Jinan, Kunming, Lanzhou, Linyi, Nanchang, Nanjing, Nanning, Qingdao, Quanzhou, Sanya, Shenyang, Taizhou (Zhejiang), Wenzhou, Wuhan, Wuxi, Xi'an, Xining, Yinchuan, Zhengzhou, Zhoushan |[[Sichuan Airlines]]|Chengdu, Chongqing <br />'''Charter''': Saipan |[[Singapore Airlines]]|Singapura |[[Spring Airlines]]|Shanghai-Hongqiao, Shijiazhuang |[[SriLankan Airlines]]|Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi, Colombo |[[Thai AirAsia]]|Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi |[[Thai Airways International]]|Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi |[[Tiger Airways]]|Singapura |[[Turkish Airlines]]|Istanbul-Ataturk |[[Ural Airlines]]|Novosibirsk |[[Vietnam Airlines]]|Hanoi, Kota Ho Chi Minh |[[West Air (Cina)]]|Chongqing |[[Xiamen Airlines]]|Fuzhou, Jinjiang, Xiamen}} === Kargo === {{Airport-dest-list |[[Asiana Cargo]]|Seoul-Incheon |[[Cina Airlines Cargo]]|Taipei-Taiwan Taoyuan |[[Cina Postal Airlines]]|Shanghai-Hongqiao, Nanjing |{{nowrap|[[Cina Southern Airlines|Cina Southern Cargo]]}}|Amsterdam,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/90001/90778/90860/7078140.html |title=New cargo flight to Los Angeles-People's Daily Online |publisher=English.peopledaily.com.cn |date=2010-07-23 |accessdate=2010-08-09}}</ref> Taipei-Taoyuan, Qingdao, Los Angeles |[[EVA Air Cargo]]|Taipei-Taiwan Taoyuan |[[FedEx Express]]|Almaty, Anchorage, Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi, Cebu, Chengdu, Clark, Delhi, Dubai, Hanoi, Jakarta, Kota Ho Chi Minh, Kuala Lumpur, Manila, Mumbai, Osaka-Kansai, Paris-Charles de Gaulle, Penang, Seoul-Incheon, Shanghai-Pudong, Singapura, Subic Bay, Sydney, Tokyo-Narita |[[Korean Air Cargo]]|Seoul-Incheon |[[Lufthansa Cargo]]|Krasnoyarsk, Delhi, Frankfurt |[[Martinair Cargo]]<ref>http://atwonline.com/airports-routes/news/kenya-airways-klm-launch-joint-china-africa-freighter-service-0223</ref>|Amsterdam, Nairobi, Sharjah |[[MASkargo]]|Kuala Lumpur |[[Saudi Arabian Airlines]]|Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi, Riyadh |[[S.MF Airlines]]|Beijing-Ibu Kota <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://news.carnoc.com/list/195/195318.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2013-01-12 |archive-date=2018-11-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181104051535/http://news.carnoc.com/list/195/195318.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |[[UPS Airlines]]|Anchorage, Honolulu, Ontario, Seoul-Incheon, Sydney, Tokyo-Narita |[[Yangtze River Express]]|Hangzhou, Xiamen }} == Gladri Foto == <center><gallery perrow=5> Gambar:Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport - Departure Lounge.jpg|Pedalaman ing Terminal 1 Gambar:Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport - Departure Lobby.jpg|Lobi keberangkatan ing Terminal 1 Gambar:Electric transporting system of CAN.jpg|Sistem ngangkud </gallery></center> == Réferènsi == {{reflist}} == Pranala njaba == {{Commons category|Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport}} *[http://www.baiyunairport.com/ Situs web resmi Papan Anggegana Internasional Baiyun Guangzhou] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121106233428/http://www.baiyunairport.com/ |date=2012-11-06 }} {{zh icon}} *{{WAD|ZYTX}} {{Papan anggegana ing Republik Rakyat Cina}} {{coord|23|23|33|N|113|17|56|E|type:airport}} [[Kategori:Papan anggegana di Guangdong|Baiyun Guangzhou]] [[Kategori:Papan anggegana yang didirikan taun 1933]] [[Kategori:Transportasi di Guangzhou]] {{papan anggegana-stub}} dtk8bfnh20sfxbq5141nctap8axye7j 0 95960 1755911 1755872 2026-09-01T03:21:39Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1755911 wikitext text/x-wiki {{rapèkaké}} [[Gambar:Pt pupuk sriwijadja.jpg|thumb|240px]] {{for|perusahaan kang dahulu bernama PT Pupuk Sriwidjaja (Persero)|Pupuk Indonésia}} {{Kotak info perusahaan | company_name = PT Pupuk Sriwidjaja Palembang | company_logo = [[Berkas:Pusri.jpeg‎|center|150px]] | company_type = | foundation = [[12 November]] [[2010]] | location = [[Palembang]], [[Indonésia]] | key_people = Parikesit Suprapto, PhD , Komisaris {{br}}Edy Putra Irawady, SH , Direktur Utama |Ir. Arifin Tasrif | industry = [[Urea]] dan [[Amoniak]] | products = {{br}}Urea{{br}} Amoniak | revenue = | operating_income = | net_income = | num_employees = (organik){{br}} (non-organik) | parent = [[PT Pupuk Indonésia]] | subsid = {{br}}PT Sri Melamin Rejeki {{br}}PT Puspetindo | homepage = http://www.pusri.co.id/ | footnotes = }} '''PT Pupuk Sriwidjaja Palembang''', kang kondhang minangka PT Pusri, wujud anak perusahaan saka [[PT Pupuk Indonésia]] (Persero)<ref name="anak perusahaan pihc">{{Cite web |url=http://pupuk-indonesia.com/id/kepemilikan-saham |title=Anak Perusahaan PT Pupuk Indonésia |access-date=2013-01-14 |archive-date=2013-01-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115064736/http://pupuk-indonesia.com/id/kepemilikan-saham |url-status=dead }}</ref> kang bergerak ing babagan [[produksi]] lan [[pemasaran]] [[pupuk]]. == Sajarah == ==== Pupuk Sriwidjaja minangka Induk Pupuk Indonésia ==== Nalika taun 1997, Pusri ditunjuk minangka perusahaan induk membawahi papat BUMN kang bergerak ing babagan indhustri pupuk lan petrokimia, ya iku PT Petrokimia Gresik ing [[Gresik]], [[Jawa Timur]]; PT Pupuk Kujang ing [[Cikampek]], [[Jawa Barat]]; PT Pupuk Kaltim ing [[Bontang]], [[Kalimantan Timur]]; lan PT Pupuk Iskandar Muda ing [[Lhokseumawe]], [[Acèh]]; sarta BUMN kang bergerak ing babagan engineering, procurement & construction (EPC), ya iku PT Rekayasa Industri (kantore pusat ing Jakarta). Nalika taun 1998, anak perusahaan Pusri bertambah siji BUMN manhe, ya iku PT Mega Eltra ing Jakarta kang bergerak ing babagan perdagangan. awit Pamaréntah Indonésia mindahake sekabehane sahamnya kang dipanggonake ing Industri Pupuk Dalam Negeri lan ing PT Mega Eltra marang PUSRI, liwat Peraturan Pamaréntah (PP) nomer 28 taun 1997 lan PP nomer 34 taun 1998, mangka PUSRI, kang berkedudukan ing Palembang, Sumatera Selatan, dadi Induk Perusahaan (Operating Holding) kanti membawahi 6 (enam) anak perusahaan kalebu anak perusahaan penyertaan langsung ya iku PT Rekayasa Industri, masing-masing perusahaan bergerak sajrone babagan usaha: * PT Petrokimia Gresik kang berkedudukan ing Gresik, Jawa Timur. Produksi lan masarake pupuk urea, ZA, SP-36/SP-18, [[Phonska]], DAP, NPK, ZK, lan indhustri kimia lliyane sarta Pupuk Organik. * PT Pupuk Kujang, kang berkedudukan ing Cikampek, Jawa Barat. Memproduksi lan masarake pupuk urea lan indhustri kimia liyané. * PT Pupuk Kalimantan Timur, kang kedudukane ing Bontang, Kalimantan Timur. Produksi lan masarake pupuk urea lan indhustri kimia liyané. * PT Pupuk Iskandar Muda, kang kedudukane ing Lhokseumawe, Nangroe Acèh Darussalam. Produksi an masarake pupuk Urea lan indhustri kimia liyané. * PT Rekayasa Industri, kang kedudukane ing Jakarta, Bergerak sajrone penyediaan Jasa Engineering, Procurement & Construction (EPC) guna yasa indhustri gas & lenga bumi, pupuk, kimia dan petrokimia, pertambangan, pembangkit listrik (panas bumi, batu bara, micro-hydro, diesel). * PT Mega Eltra, kang kedudukane ing Jakarta kanti babagan usaha mligi ya iku Perdagangan Umum. === Periode Pupuk Sriwidjaja Palembang === Nalika taun [[2010]], dilakokake pemisahan ('''Spin-Off''') saka PT. Pupuk Sriwidjaja (Persero) (Pusri) marang PT. Pupuk Sriwidjaja Palembang (Pusri Palembang)<ref>[http://www.republika.co.id/berita/breaking-news/ekonomi/11/01/02/155887-pusri-resmi-jadi-holding-bumn-pupuk Pusri resmi jadi holding bumn pupuk]</ref>. Owah-owahan iki terutang sajrone owah-owahan anggaran dhasar<ref name="sajarah pusri">{{Cite web |url=http://www.pusri.co.id/50profil01.php |title=Sejarah Pusri |access-date=2013-01-14 |archive-date=2012-07-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120710060935/http://www.pusri.co.id/50profil01.php |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Pengalihan hak lan kewajiban Pusri marang Pusri Palembang tertuang sajrone [[Rapat Umum Pemegang Saham]] - Luar Biyasa nalika [[24 Dhésèmber]] 2010<ref name="sajarah pusri" />. Serah tampa kalungguhan lan pengalihan hak lan kewajiban efektif nalika [[1 Januari]] 2011<ref name="sajarah pusri" />. Pusri Palembang tetep migunakaké logo lan merk dagang Pusri<ref name="sajarah pusri" />. Pusri dhéwé ganti jeneng dadi [[Pupuk Indonésia]] lan migunakaké merk Pupuk Indonésia lan logo Pupuk Indonésia<ref name="ganti nama dan logo ke pupuk indonesia">[http://www.pupuk-kujang.co.id/allmenu.php?idn=36&idd=166&PHPSESSID=d75250648bd1364e7d411e70d66d8ad9 Lauching Nama dan Logo Baru Holding Pupuk]{{Pranala mati|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>. == Anak Perusahaan == # PT Sri Melamin Rejeki<ref name="anak perusahaan pusri">{{Cite web |url=http://www.pusri.co.id/50profil10.php |title=Anak Perusahaan Pusri |access-date=2013-01-14 |archive-date=2013-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130111035224/http://www.pusri.co.id/50profil10.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> (20%)<ref name="anak perusahaan pusri 2">{{Cite web |url=http://www.pusri.co.id/index0300.php |title=Anak Perusahaan Pusri 2 |access-date=2013-01-14 |archive-date=2012-07-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120717073925/http://www.pusri.co.id/index0300.php |url-status=dead }}</ref>, kang bergerak sajrone produksi melamin. # [http://www.puspetindo.com PT Puspetindo]<ref name="anak perusahaan pusri" /> (5.3%)<ref name="anak perusahaan pusri 2" />, kang bergerak sajrone produksi peralatan pabrik. # [http://twinplazahotèl.co.id/ PT Slipi Sri Indopuri]{{Pranala mati|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes 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|bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}<ref name="anak perusahaan pusri 2" />, kang bergerak sajrone hotèl lan apartemen. == Wewengkon Pemasaran == Surat Dudutan (SK) Menperindag No 70/MPP/Kep/2/2003 tanggal 11 Fèbruari 2003 wis mengatur manèh pola Pengadaan lan Penyaluran Pupuk Bersubsidi kanggo Sektor Pertanian, ya iku kanti pola rayonisasi distribusi pupuk kanggo produsen pupuk. Wewengkon Pemsaran Pupuk Sriwidjaja diduduhake kanti warna biru sarta anakan perusahaane. [[Gambar:Insetpemasaran02.jpg|center|500px]] == Prastawa wigati == # Pusri didegake nalika tanggal 24 Dhésèmber 1959 di Palembang, kanti kagiyatan usaha produksi pupuk urea. # nalika taun [[1963]] beroperasi pabrik pupuk urea pertama ya iku: ” PUSRI I ” kanti kapasitas terpasang 100.000 ton per taun. # Tahun [[1974]] dibangun pabrik pupuk Urea kapindho ya iku “ PUSRI II “ kanti kapasitas terpasang 380.000 ton pertahun (awit taun 1992 kapasitase ditingkatake / optimasi dadi 570.000 ton/taun). # Tahun [[1976]] dibangun pabrik pupuk Urea ketelu, ya iku “ PUSRI III ” kanti kapasitas terpasang 570.000 ton pertahun. # Tahun [[1977]] dibangun pabrik pupuk Urea kepapat, ya iku “ PUSRI IV ” kanti kapasitas terpasang 570.000 ton pertahun. # Tahun [[1979]], pamaréntah ngukuhaké PT.Pusri minangka perusahaan kang bertanggung jawab sajrone pengadaan lan penyaluran sekabehane jinis pupuk bersubsidi, baik kang berskala saka produksi sajrone nagari utawa import kanggo memenuhi kebutuhan program intensivikasi pertanian (Bimas lan Inmas). # Tahun [[1990]] dibangun pabrik pupuk Urea, ya iku “ PUSRI I B ” kanti kapasitas terpasang 570.000 ton pertahun minangka pengganti pabrik Puri I kang diendeg operasine amarga usia teknis lan wis ora efisien manèh. Pabrik iki wiwit produksi nalika taun 1994, wujud pabrik pertama kang digarap sapérangan besar déning ahli-ahli bangsa Indonésia, kang dibangun kanti konsèp hemat ènergi lan migunakaké sistem kendali komputer “Distributed Control System” # Tanggal [[12 November]] [[2010]], pemisahan PT Pupuk Sriwidjaja Palembang saka PT Pusri. == Struktur Kepemilikan Saham == * PT Pupuk Indonésia (99,99%)<ref name="anak perusahaan pusri" /> * Yayasan Kesejahteraan Karyawan Pusri (0,01%)<ref name="anak perusahaan pusri" /> [[Gambar:Strukturholding.jpg|center|600px]] == Cathetan sikil == {{reflist}} == Pranala njaba == * [http://www.pusri.co.id/ Situs Resmi PT. Pupuk Sriwidjaja Palembang] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130326054110/http://pusri.co.id/ |date=2013-03-26 }} [[Kategori:Kota Palembang]] [[Kategori:Perusahaan Indonésia]] [[Kategori:Pupuk]] 2a81il068dj53fdzdc0oyuc836vzucq 0 96200 1755896 1742974 2026-08-31T19:38:41Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1755896 wikitext text/x-wiki {{rapèkaké}} {{Infobox settlement | name = Melaka | native_name = | official_name = | settlement_type = [[States and fédheral territories of Malaysia|State]] | image_skyline = | imagesize = | image_alt = | image_caption = | image_flag = Flag of Malacca.svg | flag_size = | flag_alt = | image_shield = Coat_of_arms_of_Malacca_New.svg | shield_size = | shield_alt = | motto = Bersatu Teguh | anthem = [[Melaka Maju Jaya]] | latd=2 |latm=12 |latNS=N |longd=102 |longm=15 |longEW=E | coordinates_type = region:MY | coordinates_display = title | coordinates_footnotes = <!-- for references; use <ref> tags --> | image_map = Melaka state locator.PNG | mapsize = 285px <!--no larger, please, for sake of smaller windows/screens--> | map_alt = Map showing the location of the state of Malacca within Malaysia | map_caption = <center>{{Legend inline|#FF0000|outline=silver}} '''Malacca''' in {{Legend inline|#FDF9D2|outline=silver}} '''[[Malaysia]]'''</center> | seat_type = [[List of national capitals|Capital]] | seat = [[Kutha Melaka]] | parts_type = Royal capital | parts_style = list | p1 = | leader_title = [[List of Yang di-Pertuan Negeri of Malacca|Yang di-Pertuan Negeri]] | leader_name = [[Mohd Ali Rustam]] | leader_title1 = [[List of Chief Ministers of Malacca|Chief Minister]] | leader_name1 = [[Sulaiman Md Ali]] | government_footnotes = <!-- for references; use <ref> tags --> | area_total_km2 = 1664 | area_water_km2 = | area_footnotes = <ref name="Laporan Kiraan Permulaan 2010">{{cite web |url=http://www.statistics.gov.my/ccount12/click.php?id=2127 |title=Laporan Kiraan Permulaan 2010 |publisher=Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia |page=27 |accessdate=24 January 2011 |archive-date=25 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225163142/https://www.dosm.gov.my/v1/ccount12/click.php?id=2127%2520 |url-status=deviated |archivedate=27 December 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101227065717/http://www.statistics.gov.my/ccount12/click.php?id=2127 }}</ref> | population_total = 788706 | population_as_of = 2010 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_footnotes = <ref name="statistics.gov.my">{{cite web |url=http://www.statistics.gov.my/ccount12/click.php?id=2127 |title=Laporan Kiraan Permulaan 2010 |publisher=Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia |page=iv |accessdate=24 January 2011 |archive-date=25 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225163142/https://www.dosm.gov.my/v1/ccount12/click.php?id=2127%2520 |url-status=deviated |archivedate=27 December 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101227065717/http://www.statistics.gov.my/ccount12/click.php?id=2127 }}</ref> | demographics_type1 = [[Human Development Index|HDI]] | demographics1_title1 = 2010 | demographics1_info1 = 0.742 (<span style="color:#090;">high</span>) ([[States and fédheral territories of Malaysia|4th]]) | demographics1_footnotes = <!-- for references; use <ref> tags --> | postal_code_type = [[List of postal codes in Malaysia|Postal code]] | postal_code = 75xxx to 78xxx | area_code_type = [[Telephone numbers in Malaysia|Calling code]] | area_code = 06 | registration_plate = [[Malaysian vehicle license plates|M]] | blank_name_sec2 = [[Kasultanan Melaka]] | blank_info_sec2 = 15th century | blank1_name_sec2 = Kontrol Portugis | blank1_info_sec2 = 24 August 1511 | blank2_name_sec2 = Kontrol Walanda | blank2_info_sec2 = 14 January 1641 | blank3_name_sec2 = [[Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824|Kontrol Karajan Manunggal]] | blank3_info_sec2 = 17 March 1824 | blank4_name_sec2 = [[Japanese occupation of Malaya, North Borneo and Sarawak|Pendhudhukan Jepang]] | blank4_info_sec2 = 15 January 1942 | blank5_name_sec2 = Federal accession | blank5_info_sec2 = 1948 | website = http://www.melaka.gov.my | footnotes = }}Negeri '''Melaka''' ([[Jawi]]: ملاك) utawi ugi dipunkenal minangka ''Melaka Papan Anggeganaya Bersejarah'', [[1989]], minangka salah satunggal nagari (provinsi) ing [[Malaysia]]. Nalika taun [[2008]] Melaka lan [[George Town]], dipunlebetaken [[UNESCO]] minangka kutha Warisan Donya (World Heritage). Negeri Melaka dipunnyatakaken minangka 'Melaka Maju' nalika 20.10.2010 ing tauh 20:10 mapan ing Stadion Hang Jebat ingkang dipunsampurnakaken déning Mahamantri [[Malaysia]] langsung saking Putra World Trade Centre (PWTC), [[Kuala Lumpur]]. Melaka ugi dipunnyatakaken minangka Negeri Bandar (Kutha) Teknologi Hijau. Éwadéné minangka nagari ingkang kapisanan madegaken kesultanan Melayu, Melaka sapunika boten gadhah sultan, kosok wangsulipun nagari punika dipunpimpin déning satunggaling Tuan Yang Terutama (TYT) Negeri. == Pulitik == === Kawasan Parlemen lan Dewan Perundang-undangan Negeri (DUN) === * Melaka gadhah 6 kawasan [[Parlemen]] ssrta 28 kawasan [[Dewan Perundang-undangan Negeri]] (DUN). * Punika minangka pratélan kawasan [[Parlemen]] lan [[Dewan Perundang-undangan Negeri]] (DUN) miturut persempadan paling énggal [[KPU]].<ref name="internet 2">{{Cite web |url=http://www.spr.gov.my/index.htm |title=Komisi Pemilihan Malaysia |access-date=2013-01-21 |archive-date=2005-08-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050802235743/http://www.spr.gov.my/index.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==== [[P134 Masjid Tanah]] ==== :# [[N01 Kuala Linggi]] :# [[N02 Tanjung Bidara]] :# [[N03 Ayer Limau]] :# [[N04 Lendu]] :# [[N05 Taboh Nanging]] ==== [[P135 Alor Gajah]] ==== :# [[N06 Rembia]] :# [[N07 Gadek]] :# [[N08 Machap]] :# [[N09 Durèn Tunggal]] :# [[N10 Asahan]] ==== [[P136 Tangga Batu]] ==== :# [[N11 Sungai Udang]] :# [[N12 Pasisir Kundor]] :# [[N13 Paya Rumput]] :# [[N14 Kelebang]] ==== [[P137 Bukit Katil]] ==== :# [[N15 Bachang]] :# [[N16 Ayer Keroh]] :# [[N17 Bukit Baru]] :# [[N18 Ayer Molek]] ==== [[P138 Kota Melaka]] ==== :# [[N19 Kesidang]] :# [[N20 Kota Laksamana]] :# [[N21 Duyong]] :# [[N22 Bandar Hilir]] :# [[N23 Telok Mas]] ==== [[P139 Jasin]] ==== :# [[N24 Bemban]] :# [[N25 Rim]] :# [[N26 Serkam]] :# [[N27 Merlimau]] :# [[N28 Sungai Rambai]] == Laladan == Melaka kasungsun saking 3 gabungan laladan utama, inggih punika: * [[Melaka Tengah]] * [[Alor Gajah]] * [[Jasin]] Kutha-kutha utama ing nagari Melaka inggih punika [[Bandar Melaka]], [[Alor Gajah]], [[Masjid Tanah]], [[Jasin]], [[Merlimau]], [[Tampin]] lan [[Air Keroh]]. == Budaya == Ing antawisipun budaya Melaka ingkang unik inggih punika [[dondang sayang]]. == Kutha-kutha kembar Melaka == <li> [[Lisabon]], [[Portugal]] (16 Januari 1984), <li> [[Kuala Lumpur]], [[Malaysia]] (15 April 1989), <li> [[Hoorn]], [[Walanda]] (8 November 1989), <li> [[Valparaíso]], [[Chili]] (24 Juni 1991) <li> [[Nanjing]], [[Cina]] (2001). == Griya Sakit == Kajawi misuwur minangka kutha sajarah, wiwit taun [[1990]]-an, Kutha Melaka, ugi kawéntar minangka papan "medical tourism", turis-turis saking [[Indonésia]], [[Vietnam]], [[Cina]] lan nagara-nagara [[asia]] sanèsipun rawuh saperlu pikantuk perawatan medis <ref name="internet 3">[http://www.batampos.co.id/index.php/2012/08/02/sebulan-500-warga-kepri-berobat-ke-melaka/ Artikel: Sebulan 500 Warga Kepri Berobat ke Melaka di BatamPos.co.id]{{Pranala mati|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="internet 4">{{Cite web |url=http://medan.tribunnews.com/2012/01/23/67.339-warga-indonesia-berobat-ke-melaka |title=Artikel: 67.339 Warga Indonésia Berobat ke Melaka di medan.tribunnews.com |access-date=2013-01-21 |archive-date=2012-12-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121215054003/http://medan.tribunnews.com/2012/01/23/67.339-warga-indonesia-berobat-ke-melaka |url-status=deviated |archivedate=2012-12-15 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121215054003/http://medan.tribunnews.com/2012/01/23/67.339-warga-indonesia-berobat-ke-melaka }}</ref>. Sapérangan Griya Sakit ingkang papan dunungipun wonten ing Melaka antawisipun: * Griya Sakit pamaréntah: ** [[Malacca General Hospital]] ** [[Hospital Jasin|Jasin District Hospital]] * Griya Sakit Swasta ** Putra Hospital (sadéréngipun dipunkenal minangka Southern Hospital, gadhahanipun pamaréntah laladan) ** Pasisir Hospital Ayer Keroh ** [[Makutha Medical Centre]]<ref name="internet 5">[http://www.tripadvisor.com/Hotèls-g306997-Melaka_Central_Melaka_District_Melaka_State-Hotèls.html]</ref> == Cathetan suku == {{reflist}} == Pranala njaba == === Pamaréntahan Setempat === * [http://www.melaka.gov.my Situs resmi] * [http://www.mbmb.gov.my/ Halaman Resmi Majlis Papan Anggeganaya Melaka Bersejarah] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050901185954/http://www.mbmb.gov.my/ |date=2005-09-01 }} * [http://www.mpag.gov.my/ Halaman Resmi Majlis Perpapan anggeganan Alor Gajah] * [http://www.mdjasin.gov.my/ Halaman Resmi Majlis Laladan Jasin] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050616011839/http://www.mdjasin.gov.my/ |date=2005-06-16 }} === Sajarah Melaka === * [http://www.colonialvoyage.com/malaccaNL.html Sejarah Kolonial Walanda di Melaka] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060108234920/http://www.colonialvoyage.com/malaccaNL.html |date=2006-01-08 }} * [http://www.malacca.org/ Sejarah Kolonial Inggris di Melaka] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050715083824/http://www.malacca.org/ |date=2005-07-15 }} * [http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1223/ World Heritage] == Pulitik == * [http://www.pilihanraya.com.my/Melayu/Index.asp PemilU XI Malaysia – 2004] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051020161735/http://www.pilihanraya.com.my/Melayu/index.asp |date=2005-10-20 }} {{Malaysia}} [[Kategori:Negara bagéan ing Malaysia]] [[Kategori:Situs Warisan Donya]] myxdrx9befhajhcgr6rwh615qeg29oi 0 99316 1755905 1664459 2026-09-01T00:59:05Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1755905 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:GoldCalf.jpg|right|thumbnail|300px|''Penyembahan Anak Lembu Emas'' karya [[Nicolas Poussin]]]] '''Pedhèt emas''' (עגל הזהב ''Egel haZahav'') inggih punika [[berhala]] ingkang dipundamel déning bangsa [[Israèl]] nalika [[Musa]] minggah dhateng [[Gunung Sinai]]. Miturut [[kitab Keluaran]]<ref>{{Ayat|Keluaran|32|4}}</ref>, anak lembu emas punika dipundamel déning [[Harun]] kanggé nuruti kekarepaning bangsa Israèl, déné [[Quran]]<ref>ing surah 20, [[Taha]] [http://al-quran.info/#&&sura=20&aya=83&trans=en-shakir,en-muhammad_asad,en-marmaduke_pickthall,en-yusuf_ali&show=both,quran-uthmani&format=rows&ver=1.00 Online Quran Project 20.83] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090129090725/http://al-quran.info/#&&sura=20&aya=83&trans=en-shakir,en-muhammad_asad,en-marmaduke_pickthall,en-yusuf_ali&show=both,quran-uthmani&format=rows&ver=1.00 |date=2009-01-29 }}.</ref> nyebutaken ingkang damel inggih punika [[Samiri]]. Wonten ing {{bhs|Ibrani}}, kadadosan punika dipunkenal minangka "Chet ha'Egel" (חטא העגל) utawi "Dosa Anak Lembu". [[Gambar:The Worship of the Golden Calf (Filippino Lippi).jpg|250px|thumb|right|''Penyembahan Anak Lembu'' déning [[Filippino Lippi]] ([[1457]]–[[1504]])]] Nalika [[Musa]] dipundhawuhi Allah kanggé minggah dhateng [[Gunung Sinai]] saperlu nampi parèntah Gusti ({{Ayat|Keluaran|24|12}}) piyambakipun dumunung ing nginggil gunung sadanguning 40 dinten 40 dalu. Bangsa Israèl ajrih Musa boten wangsul lan ngendika dhateng Harun saperlu ndamelaken kanggé allah ({{Ayat|Keluaran|32|1}}). Harun ndahwuhi para warga kanggé ngempalaken [[anting-anting]] [[emas]] lajeng saking anting-anting ingkang sampul kakempalaken dipunbentuk lan dipundamel anak lembu tuangan. Harun ugi ndhirikaken [[mezbah]] ing sangajenging anak lembu mau. Énjingipun dipunnyatakaken Harun minangka dinten riyaya kanggé Gusti lan sadaya bangsa Israèl maringi sesembahan kurban, dhahar lan unjukan, lan sami seneng-seneng. Gusti lajeng ndhawuhi Musa mandhap lan piyambakipun gadhah rencana kanggé mbrasta bangsa Israèl lan damel Musa dados bangsa ing éngga lan ageng. Musa Nyobi nglunakaken galihing Gusti saèngga Gusti boten siyos mbrasta bangsa pilihan-Nipun mau ({{Ayat|Keluaran|32|9|14}}). Musa lajeng mandhap gunung kanthi mbekta kalih loh watu ingkang dipunserat déning Allah piyambak. Nalika piyambakipun kapanggih kaliyan [[Yosua]] ingkang nengga piyambakipun mandhap saking gunung, Yosua ngendika bilih piyambakipun mireng unén-unén perang ing perkemahan Israèl, nanging Musa mbangsuli Yosua bilih ingkang dipunmirengaken sanès minangka nyanyian kemenangan utawi kekalahan, nanging nyanyian ingkang sinautan. Nalika mandhap saking gunung mau Musa ningali anak lembu emas lan tiyang ingkang sami jejogedan, saèngga Musa dados duka, kekalih loh watu ingkang dipunbekta lajeng dipunbalangaken saking astanipun lan dipunpecahaken ing kaki gunung mau. Musa lajeng mbakar anak lembu emas mau kanthi latu, dipungiling dumugi alus, lajeng dipunsawuraken ing nginggiling toya lan tiyang Israèl dipundhawuhi sami ngunjuk. Musa lajeng nyuwun pirsa dhateng Harun kénging punapa piyambakipun ngrawuhaken [[dosa]] ingkang ageng punika dhateng bangsa Israèl, ingkang dipunwangsuli Harun bilih dhasaripun bangsa Israèl minangka bangsa nista; piyambakipun ndhawuhi bangsa saperlu ninggalaken emasipun, lan nalika emas sampun kakumpul lan piyambakipun nguncalaken ing salebeting latu, lajeng medal anak lembu itu ({{Ayat|Keluaran|32|22|24}}). Musa ningali bilih tiyang Israèl sampun kados [[jaran]] ucul saking kandhang, lan Harun ingkang nguculaken, dumugi dados enyèkan kanggé sadaya mungsuhipun, saèngga Musa ngundhang sadaya tiyang Israèl ingkang mihak dhateng piyambakipun lan sadaya bani [[Lewi]] sami kempal dhateng Musa. Musa lajeng maringi parèntah Gusti dhateng para bani Lewi saperlu lumampah samsaya mriki kanthi sami ngiketaken pedhang ing pinggangipun, saking lawang gerbang perkemahan dumugi lawang gerbang ingkang satunggalipun, sami patèn-patènan sadhèrèk lan tangga tepalihipun. Para bani Lewi sami nindakaken punapa ingkang dipundhawuhaken Musa lan sami tumpes 3.000 tiyang saking bangsa Israèl ({{Ayat|Keluaran|32|28}}). == Cathetan suku == {{reflist}} == Pranala njaba == {{Commons category|Golden calf}} * [http://www.chabad.org/search/keyword.asp?kid=1284 The Golden calf from a Jewish perspective] at [[Chabad.org]] * [http://www.rabbifohrman.com/series.cfm?SerieID=24 Rabbi Fohrman's Lectures on the Golden Calf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090529061821/http://rabbifohrman.com/series.cfm?SerieID=24 |date=2009-05-29 }} * [http://www.ein-hod.israel.net The Golden calf from Ein Hod perspective] * [http://www.islamfrominside.com/Pages/Tafsir/Tafsir%287-152%29.html Islamic interpretation of the story of the Golden calf in the Qur'an] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713062146/http://www.islamfrominside.com/Pages/Tafsir/Tafsir%287-152%29.html |date=2011-07-13 }} * [http://anwary-islam.com/prophet-story/musa3.htm Story of Muses and Aaron in the Qur'an] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070707223815/http://www.anwary-islam.com/prophet-story/musa3.htm |date=2007-07-07 }} * [http://jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=45&letter=C&search=golden%20calf Jewish Encyclopedia: Calf, Golden] * [http://al-quran.info/#&&sura=20&aya=83&trans=en-shakir,en-muhammad_asad,en-marmaduke_pickthall,en-yusuf_ali&show=both,quran-uthmani&format=rows&ver=1.00 Online Quran Project 20.83] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090129090725/http://al-quran.info/#&&sura=20&aya=83&trans=en-shakir,en-muhammad_asad,en-marmaduke_pickthall,en-yusuf_ali&show=both,quran-uthmani&format=rows&ver=1.00 |date=2009-01-29 }} {{Keluaran}} [[Kategori:Kitab Pangentasan]] 0zn4vx2uzyhew7nxttqlj8vcldxiw29 0 99482 1755922 1660730 2026-09-01T11:24:52Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1755922 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company |company_name = Ubisoft Entertainment S.A. |company_logo = [[Gambar:Logo saka ubisoft.jpg|nirbing|pus|logo saka ubisoft]] |caption = 2003 nganti saiki |company_type = [[S.A. (corporation)|Société Anonyme]] |traded_as = {{Euronext|isin=FR0000054470|UBI}} |foundation = 1986 |location_city = [[Montreuil, Seine-Saint-Denis|Montreuil]] |location_country = [[France]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ubisoftgroup.com/gallery_files/site/270/1042/1798.pdf|title= Website saka official Ubisoft lan perusahaan Ubisoft |publisher=Ubisoft Group}}</ref> |key_people = Yves Guillemot<br /><small>([[Chairman]] lan[[Chief executive officer|CEO]])</small> |industry = [[Industri Video Game|Video game]]<br />[[Interactive entertainment]] | products = [[Permainan video]] <small>([[Pratélan permainan video Ubisoft]])</small> | revenue = €972 yuta <small>(2010)</small> | operating_income = €260 yuta <small>(2010)</small><ref name="next-gen.biz">{{cite news | url=http://www.next-gen.biz/news/ubisoft-sales-boost-cant-stop-overall-losses | title=Penjualan saka ubisoft sing ora bisa didhekake | access-date=2013-03-27 | archive-date=2011-11-25 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111125164150/http://www.next-gen.biz/news/ubisoft-sales-boost-cant-stop-overall-losses | url-status=dead }}</ref> | net_income = €89.8 juta <small>(2010)</small><ref name="next-gen.biz"/> | num_employees = 6,700 <small>(2010)</small><ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.ubisoftgroup.com/index.php?p=65&art_id=| title= Ing Glance| publisher=Ubisoft| date=2009-04| access-date=24 Fèbruari 2010}}</ref> |products = * ''[[Assassin's Creed]]'' * ''[[Beyond Good & Evil]]'' * ''[[Driver (series)|Driver]]'' * ''[[Far Cry (series)|Far Cry]]'' * ''[[Imagine (video game series)|Imagine]]'' * ''[[Just Dance (video game series)|Just Dance]]'' * ''[[Petz]]'' * ''[[Prince of Pèrsi]]'' * ''[[Raving Rabbids|Rabbids]]'' * ''[[Rayman]]'' * ''[[Rocksmith]]'' * ''[[Tom Clancy's Ghost Recon]]'' * ''[[Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six]]'' * ''[[Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell]]'' * ''[[Tom Clancy's H.A.W.X]]'' * ''[[Tom Clancy's H.A.W.X 2]]'' * ''[[Watch Dogs]]'' |revenue = {{profit}} {{€|1.058&nbsp;billion|link=yes}} <small>(2013)</small> |operating_income={{profit}} {{€|260&nbsp;million}} <small>(2010)</small><ref name="next-gen1">{{cite news | url=http://www.next-gen.biz/news/ubisoft-sales-boost-cant-stop-overall-losses | title=Ubisoft sales boost can't stop overall losses | access-date=2013-03-27 | archive-date=2011-11-25 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111125164150/http://www.next-gen.biz/news/ubisoft-sales-boost-cant-stop-overall-losses | url-status=dead }}</ref> | net_income = {{loss}} {{€|89.8&nbsp;million}} <small>(2010)</small><ref name="next-gen1"/> | num_employees = 6,927 <small>(2012)</small><ref name="glance"/> | homepage = [http://www.ubi.com/ www.ubi.com]<br />[http://www.ubisoftgroup.com/ www.ubisoftgroup.com] }} ''''''Ubisoft Entertainment S.A.''' ({{IPAc-en|icon|ˈ|juː|b|i|s|ɒ|f|t}} {{respell|YOO|bee-soft}};<ref>{{cite video|people=Stephen Totilo (publisher), Alexandre Amancio, Clint Hocking, lan Louis-Pierre Pharand |date= 17 Sèptèmber 2007|title= Pangenalan saka… "Ubisoft" (official pengenalan)|url=http://multiplayerblog.mtv.com/2007/09/17/how-to-pronounce-ubisoft-the-official-explanation|medium=Video|publisher=[[Viacom Media Networks|MTV Networks]]|access-date =3 Juli 2009|time = 0:22}}</ref> {{euronext|UBI}}) yaiku developer, Pangembang lan Perusahaan game global saka [[Montreuil]], [[Prancis]]. Perusahaan iki awalé saka [[Carentoir]] ([[Morbihan]], [[Inggris]]) ing dunya wis dhuweni 26 studio ing 19 kutha lan 26 sub-kutha<ref name="glance">{{cite web| url=http://www.ubisoftgroup.com/index.php?p=65&art_id=| title=Penyebaran saka perusahaan| publisher=Ubisoft| date=2009-04| access-date=24 Fèbruari 2010}}</ref>. Jeneng "Ubi" iku pamendhekan saka jeneng Union des Bretons Indépendants (Independen Breton Union)<ref>Buku Great Game nomer 2 yaiku: Michel Ancel biografi saka editor, désainer lan pangembang video game saka Prancis Pix'N Love</ref> Ubisoft iku pangembang game nomer telu paling gedhi ing [[Éropah]], lan uga pangembang gadhi nomer telu ing [[Inggris]]<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.ubisoftgroup.com/index.php?p=65&art_id=| title=Ing glance| publisher=Ubisoft| date=2009-04| accessdate=28 Maret 2013}}</ref>. Perusahaan pangembang game iki duwé studio paling gedhi yaiku [[Ubisoft Montreal]] ning [[Kanada]], ing studio iku, ana punjul 2,100 manungsa sing kerja ing kono<ref>{{cite web|url=http://forums.ubi.com/eve/forums/a/tpc/f/5271091065/m/1011089217?r=6521089217#6521089217|title=pertanyaan seputar Ubisoft Monteral – Topik diangkat dari komunitas eve}}</ref>. Pandiri saka Ubisoft, yaiku Yves Guillemot iku Ketua lan CEO. Ing taun 2008-2009, pendapatan saka perusahaan iki nganti €1.058 yuta, iki kapisan ing sajarah perusahaan iki nganti 1 yuta euro keuntungane. Ubisoft uga gawé divisi perfileman, yaiku Ubisoft Motion Picture, divisi iki nggawé filem cekak kanggo game sing digawé ing perusahaan sing padha<ref>{{cite web|last=Griffin|first=McElroy|title=Ubisoft ngetokaké studio filem kanggo fokus adhaptasi game|url=http://www.joystiq.com/2011/05/02/ubisoft-launching-film-studio-focused-on-game-adaptations/|publisher=Joystiq}}</ref>. == Sajarah == 5 sadulur saka kulawarga Guillemot ngadhekake Ubisoft ing maret taun 1986 ning [[prancis]] ([[brittany]]) kanggo pangembang [[Dolanan|game]] komputer<ref>{{citation|url=http://www.atarimagazines.com/startv3n8/games_games.html|title=Dolanan, dolanan lan sakehe dolanan|magazine=Start|volume=3|issue=8|date=March 1989|publisher=Atarimagazines.com|access-date=30 Januari 2013|separator=.|postscript=.|archive-date=2017-12-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171220180536/https://www.atarimagazines.com/startv3n8/games_games.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>. Yves Guillemot nyuwun kerjasama kaliyan [[Electronic Arts]], [[Sierra On-Line]], lan [[MicroProse]] kanggo distribusi game saka ubisoft ing nagara Prancis. Ing 10 taun iki, ubisoft luwih nggedekake pangsa pasar, nganti nagara [[United States]], [[United Kingdom]] lan uga [[Jerman]]<ref name="history">{{cite web| url=http://www.ubisoftgroup.com/index.php?p=66&art_id=| title=Sajarah saka Ubisoft| publisher=Ubisoft| access-date=24 Fèbruari 2010}}</ref>. Ing taun 90an, Awit produksi omahan pangembang game, ing taun 1994 ubisoft buka studio anyar ing [[Montreuil]], Prancis, studio iki sing kelak dadi Markas utama ubisoft. Ubisoft dadi perusahaan pangembang dunya ing taun 1996 lan salajengipun gawé kantor ing kutha-kutha liya ing dunya, gawé studio ing [[Shanghai]] lan [[Montreal]]. Ing taun 2010, Ubisoft akuisisi [[Red Storm Entertainment]]<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.bluesnews.com/a/60| title=UbiSoft akuisisi Red Storm Entertainment| publisher=Blue's News| date=29 Agustus 2000| accessdate=31 Maret 2013}}</ref>. Ing wulan februari 2001, ubisof akuisisi [[Düsseldor]], [[Jerman]] sing basise saka [[Ubisoft Blue Byte|Blue Byte Software]]<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.gamespot.com/news/2683947.html| title=UbiSoft akuisisi Blue Byte Software| first=Jennifer| last=Ho| publisher=Gamespot| date=9 Fèbruari 2001| accessdate=31 Maret 2013}}</ref>. Ing maret 2001, Gores tekhnologi grup ngedol [[The Learning Company]] divisi entertainment (uga kalebu dolanan asli sing dipublis saka [[Brøderbund]], [[Mattel]], [[Mindscape]] lan [[Strategic Simulations, Inc.]]). Pangedolan iki uga [[Kekayaan Intelektual|IPs]] yaiku [[Myst]] lan seri saka dolanan [[Prince of Pèrsi]]<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.gamezone.com/news/03_07_01_11_45AM.htm| title=UbiSoft akuisisi Divisi The Learning Company's Entertainment| publisher=GameZone| date=7 Maret 2001| accessdate=31 Maret 2013| archive-date=2014-10-19| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141019194729/http://www.gamezone.com/news/03_07_01_11_45AM.htm| url-status=dead}}</ref>. Ing oktober 2001, Ubisoft akuisisi Gamebusters lan mindhah kantor gamebusters ing [[Jerman]]<ref name="mobygames">{{cite web| url=http://www.mobygames.com/company/ubisoft-entertainment-sa/history| title=Sajarah saka Perusahaan Ubisoft| publisher=MobyGames| accessdate=01 April 2013| archive-date=16 June 2018| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180616030251/http://www.mobygames.com/company/ubisoft-entertainment-sa/history| url-status=dead}}</ref> Ing akir april 1990an lan awal 2000an, Ubisoft berkomitmen lan ngetokaké dolanan online yaiku [[Uru: Ages Beyond Myst]], [[The Matrix Online]], lan versi [[china]] karo [[Éropah]] saka game [[EverQuest]]. Pangembang fokus ing ubi.com dadi divisi online. Ing februari 2004, ubisoft mbatalke pangembangan game ''Uru'', lajeng game ''The Matrix Online'' uga ora dipublis. Akhirnya, beberapa minggu kapungkur, perusahaan iki ngerampungke akuisisi saka [[Wolfpack Studios]], yaiku pangembang game online saka game ''[[Shadowbane]]''. Ing Dhésèmber 2004, Perusahaan saingan saka ubisoft, yaiku [[Electronic Arts]] Tuku 19.9% saham saka ubisoft lan dadi persaingan sengit saka pérangan EA<ref>{{cite news |first=Curt |last=Feldman |title=Electronic Arts tuku saham saka Ubisoft ning persaingan sampurna |url=http://www.gamespot.com/news/6115370.html |publisher=[[GameSpot]] |date=20 Dhésèmber 2004 |accessdate=01 April 2013}}</ref>. Ing Maret 2005, Ubisoft Akuisisi péranganing [[Microïds|MC2-Microïds]] ''(Microïds Canada)'' lan diintegrasikan karo [[Ubisoft Montreal]]<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.ubi.com/ENCA/News/Info.aspx?nId=2028 |title=Ubisoft Montreal Kalebu ing peraturan developer microid kanada kanggo akuisisi program mau |publisher=Ubisoft |date=2 Maret 2005 |accessdate=01 April 2013}}</ref>. Ing juli 2006 Ubisoft uga éntuk franchise ''driver (series)'' saka atari nganggo duit €19 yuta (US$24 yuta), duit iku kanggo tuku franchise, HAKI teknologi, lan beberapa aset. Jebule ubisoft iku uga akuisisi studio sing diduwèni Reflections Interactive, dadi tim pangembang ''Driver'' saka Reflections Interactive dadi tim pangembang ing Ubisoft. Kasile yaiku Reflections Interactive genti jeneng dadi [[Ubisoft Reflections]]. Ing april 2007, Ubisoft Ngumumake yèn perusahaan iku akuisisi developer game saka [[Jerman]], yaiku [[Sunflowers Interactive Entertainment Software|Sunflowers]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Ubisoft akuisisi SunFlowers |url=http://www.gamasutra.com/php-bin/news_index.php?story=13483 |publisher=Gamasutra |date=11 April 2007 |accessdate=01 April 2013 }}</ref>, manut uga akuisisi pangembang digital kids saka [[Jepang]] ing November<ref>{{cite news |title=Ubisoft tuku Studio ing Jepang |url=http://www.gametab.com/news/1096915/ |publisher=GameTab |date=5 Novèmber 2007 |accessdate=01 April 2013}}</ref>. Ubisoft uga ngetokaké waralaba produk tenar sing wigati saka studio kanggo platform sing spesifik, yaiku ''[[Resident Evil 4]]'' kanggo PC, sing produksi déning [[Capcom]] lan ''[[Innocent Life: A Futuristic Harvest Moon]]'' kanggo [[PlayStation 2]]. Ing 8 Juli 2008, Ubisoft akuisisi [http://www.hybride.com/ Hybride Technologies], yaiku studio kaloka ing Montreal kanggo spesifik pagawéan kreasi visual efek ing sinema, televisi lan iklan. Digawé punjul 15 taun kapungkur, Hybride dhuweni 100 anggota tim. Studio iki wis ngasilaké filem, kaya ta ''Avatar'', ''300'', ''Frank Miller's'' ''Sin City'' lan seri ''the Spy Kids''. ing 10 November 2008, Ubisoft akuisisi [[Ubisoft Massive|Massive Entertainment]] saka [[Activision]].<ref>{{Cite press release| url=http://www.ubisoftgroup.com/index.php?p=59&art_id=60&vars=Y29tX2lkPTU5OCZzZW5kZXI9SE9NRSZzZW5kZXJfdXJsPWluZGV4LnBocCUzRnNpdF9pZCUzRDImZmlsdGVyX3R5cGU9JmZpbHRlcl9tb250aD0mZmlsdGVyX3llYXI9&PHPSESSID=a43273f204f3657c74e1b50bf4668202| title=Ubisoft akuisisi aset saka Massive Entertainment |publisher=Ubisoft| date=10 Novèmber 2008| accessdate=01 april 2013}}</ref> Ing 2009, Ubisoft akuisisi domain Imaginetown.com saka S. J. Crowley, yaiku penulis, ilustrator, mantan teknisi gambar lan kreator [http://www.ghostniks.com The Ghostniks] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120724141626/http://ghostniks.com/ |date=2012-07-24 }} seri Petualangan pemburu saka [[The Walt Disney Company|Walt Disney]]. Ing 22 Januari 2013, Ubisoft akuisisi ''[[South Park: The Stick of Truth]]'' saka [[THQ]] nganggo duit $3.265 yuta, uga memper kaliyan THQ Montreal nganggo $2.5 yuta. == Studio == Ubisoft iku saka 4 perusahaan video game ing dunya ning taun 2009, ning studio, Ubisoft Corp. dhuweni pekerja paling akèh kapindho ing dunya sing uga kalebu ning staff developer lan akèh divisi<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.ubisoftgroup.com/index.php?p=65&art_id=| title= Dalam Sekejap| publisher=Ubisoft| date=2009-04| access-date=24 Fèbruari 2010}}</ref>. Ana divisi lan pekerja sing kalebu nalika Ubisoft ngadheg lan ana sing lumebu lan digawé salajengipun Ubisoft ngadheg: === Studio Saiki === * Ubisoft Abu Dhabi, dhuwe lokasi ning kutha médhia [[twofour54]] ing Emirat saka [[Abu Dhabi]], [[Uni Emirat Arab]]. Studio iki ngadheg ing Dhésèmber 2011<ref name="UbisoftME"/>, lan iki kapisan studio development game ing Asia wétan nirwa. Studio iki meluncurkan program pendidikan game<ref name="UbisoftME">{{cite web| url=http://www.joystiq.com/2011/10/26/ubisoft-expands-to-abu-dhabi/| title=Ubisoft ekspasi ning Abu Dhabi| publisher=[[Joystiq]]| first=Alexander| last=Sliwinski| date=26 Oktober 2011| accessdate=01 April 2013}}</ref>. * Ubisoft Annecy – Developing paling apik kanggo game bereng-bereng kanggo seri ''[[Assassin's Creed]]''. * Ubisoft Bulgaria * Ubisoft Casablanca * [[Ubisoft Chengdu]], Mulai 17 September 2007.<ref name="mobygames"/> * [[Ubisoft Germany]] ning [[Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf, Germany]], wiwit ing 1995, akuisisi Gamebusters ing October 2001 lan penggabunga pekerja.<ref name="mobygames"/> ** [[Ubisoft Blue Byte|Blue Byte Software]] ing [[Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf, Germany]], ngadheg ing taun 1988, akuisisi Fèbruari 2001.<ref name="mobygames"/> ** [[Related Designs]], ngadheg ing Januari 1995,<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.mobygames.com/company/related-designs-software-gmbh| title=Related Designs Software GmbH| publisher=MobyGames| accessdate=01 April 2013}}</ref> akuisisi 30% saham saka perusahaan iki ing 11 April 2007. ** [[Sunflowers Interactive Entertainment Software GmbH]] ing [[Heusenstamm]], [[Germany]], ngadheg 1993, akuisisi 11 April 2007.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://news.spong.com/press_release/12279/Ubisoft-acquires-Sunflowers-takes-stake-in-Related-Designs| title=Ubisoft akuisisi Sunflowers| publisher=Spong| date=12 April 2007| accessdate=01 Fèbruari 2010}}</ref> * [[Ubisoft Pune]], ngadgeg ing taun 2008 nalika sawisé akusisi pune [[Gameloft]] studio ing Indhi.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gamespot.com/news/6189260.html?tag=result;title;1|title=Ubisoft orders Indhin takeaway|last=Boyes|first=Emma |date=15 April 2008|publisher=GameSpot|access-date=11 Sèptèmber 2008}}</ref> ing Times Animage 2009 pune ngehandel program iku ditututp karo offisial Ubisoft salajengipun Studio Pune developing game dhéwé ing platform DS, Xbox 360 lan PS3. * [[Ubisoft Ukraina]], ngadgeg 29 April 2008.<ref name="mobygames"/> * [[Ubisoft Massive]] ing [[Malmö]], [[Sweden]], ngadheg saka Massive Entertainment ing 1997, akusisi saka [[Vivendi Games]] ing 10 November 2008. * [[Ubisoft Montpellier]], akuisisi Tiwak ing 2004 lan penggabungan pekerja. developer saka ''[[Rayman Origins]]'', ''[[From Dust]]'', lan ''[[The Adventures of Tintin: The Secret of the Unicorn (video game)|Tintin: Secret of the Unicorn]]''. [[Michel Ancel]] yaiku developer saka divisi iki. projeke yaiku ''[[Beyond Good & Evil 2]]'' lan ''[[ZombiU]]'' * [[Ubisoft Montreal]], ngadheg ing taun 1997 yaiku hiburan Ubisoft Inc.,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mobygames.com/company/ubisoft-divertissements-inc|title=Hiburan Ubisoft Inc.|publisher=MobyGames|accessdate=01 April 2013|archive-date=11 January 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100111033813/http://www.mobygames.com/company/ubisoft-divertissements-inc|url-status=dead}}</ref> Akuisisi the Canadian division of [[Microïds]] ing 2 Maret 2005, Pekerja ing divisine digabung kabèh. ** [[Hybride Technologies]], akuisisi 8 Juli 2008.<ref name="mobygames"/> ** [[Quazal]], akuisisi ing 4 November 2010.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.joystiq.com/2010/11/04/ubisoft-brings-online-middleware-dev-quazal-into-its-brotherhood/| title=Ubisoft brings online middleware dev Quazal into its brotherhood| publisher=Joystiq| date=4 Novèmber 2010| accessdate=01 April 2013}}</ref> **[[THQ Montreal]], Akusisi 22 Januari 2013. * [[Nadeo]] ingn [[Issy-les-Moulineaux]], [[Paris]], [[Prancis]], Ngadheg ing 2000. Akuisisi ing 5 Oktober 2009. * [[Ubisoft Nagoya]], Ngadheg ing September 1996 jenenge "Digital Kids". Akuisisi karo Ubisoft ing taun 2008.<ref name="Nagoya">{{cite web| url=http://www.ubisoftnagoya.com/aboutus.html| title=Ubisoft Nagoya – penjelasan| publisher=Ubisoft Nagoya| language=Japanese| accessdate=01 April 2013| archive-date=18 February 2009| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090218001515/http://www.ubisoftnagoya.com/aboutus.html| url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[Ubisoft Paris]], Gawe game kaya ta ''[[Rayman Raving Rabbids 2]]'', ''[[Red Steel]]'', ''[[Red Steel 2]]'', lan ''[[XIII (video game)|XIII]]''. * Ubisoft [[Polen]], ngedheg ing 2009.<ref name="mobygames"/> * [[Ubisoft Quebec]], ngadheg 1 Juni 2005, berbasis ing kutha Quebec, Quebec, Kanada<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.ubi.com/FRCA/News/Info.aspx?nId=3261| title=ubisoft resmi buka pintu ing quebec| publisher=Ubisoft| language=French| date=1 Juni 2005| accessdate=01 April 2013}}</ref> * [[Ubisoft Red Storm]] ing [[Morrisville, North Carolina]], [[United States|USA]], ngadheg ing taun 1996 lan akuisisi ing Agustus 2000.<ref name="mobygames"/> * [[Ubisoft Reflections]] ing [[Newcastle upon Tyne]], [[United Kingdom]], ngadheg ing 1984 yaiku Reflections Interactive lan akuisisi ing 26 Agustus 2006, saka [[Atari, Inc. (Atari, SA subsidiary)|Atari]]. * [[Ubisoft Romania]] ing [[Bucharest]] ngadheg ing Oktober 1992 lan ing [[Craiova]] awit September 2008. * Ubisoft San Francisco, North American Headquarters * [[Ubisoft Shanghai]], metu ing awal taun 2009, Shanghai studio developing nganggo [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]], [[PlayStation 3]] lan [[Xbox 360]] judhulé, ''[[I Am Alive]]'', [[Darkworks]]. * Ubisoft Singapura, ngadheg ing Agustus 2008. Ubisoft demostrasikake [[Government of Singapore|Singapore government]] menarik lan suport [[video game industry]], kaliyan faktor-faktor liya [[Universitas Singapura]] lan institusi training, alasan kanggo ngadhegke studio. Ubisoft Singapura fokus ning developer judhul game sing digrap dhéwé.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.animationxpress.com/anex/y2k8/headlines/anex3528.htm| title=Q & A with Ubisoft Singapore Managing Director Olivier de Rotalier| first=Money| last=Sharma| publisher=Animation Xpress| date=17 Juni 2008| accessdate=01 April 2010| archive-date=28 August 2008| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080828015210/http://www.animationxpress.com/anex/y2k8/headlines/anex3528.htm| url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[Ubisoft Japan|Ubisoft Tokyo]], ngadheg ing 1994. * [[Ubisoft Toronto]], ngadheg 6 July 2009,<ref>{{cite press| url=http://www.ubisoftgroup.com/gallery_files/site/270/1042/2060.pdf| title=UBISOFT EXTENDS GLOBAL REACH OPENING NEW STUDIO IN TORONTO| publisher=Ubisoft| date=6 Juli 2009| accessdate=01 April 2013}}</ref> pangembang saka ''[[Assassin's Creed]]'' prodhuser [[Jade Raymond]].<ref>{{cite press| url=http://www.ubisoftgroup.com/index.php?p=59&art_id=60&vars=c2VuZGVyPUFMTCZzZW5kZXJfdXJsPWluZGV4LnBocCUzRnAlM0Q1OSUyNmFydF9pZCUzRDU1JTI2bXBmaXJzdDU4JTNEMTAmY29tX2lkPTcwMCZmaWx0ZXJfdHlwZT0mZmlsdGVyX21vbnRoPSZmaWx0ZXJfeWVhcj0%3D| title=UBISOFT NUNJUK RAYMOND JADE DADI KEPALA TORONTO STUDIO| publisher=Ubisoft| date=31 Agustus 2009| accessdate=01 April 2010}}</ref> Produksi awal saka Jade yaiku pangembangan lan pemasangan game seri ''[[Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell|Splinter Cell]]'' ing Ubisoft Monteral<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/28677/Ubisoft_Unveils_Toronto_Studio_Splinter_Cell_Project.php| title=Ubisoft Unveils Toronto Studio, Splinter Cell Project| first=Christian| last=Nutt| publisher=[[Gamasutra]]| date=25 Mèi 2010| access-date=26 Sèptèmber 2010}}</ref>. * [[Ubisoft Milan]], Ngadheg ing taun 1998. * Ubisoft [[Barcelona]], Mulai ing taun 1998. * [[RedLynx]], akusisi wulan November 2011. === Ora Berfungsi === * Sinister Games, akuisisi ing wulan april 2000, tutup ing juni 2003<ref name="mobygames"/>. * [[Wolfpack Studios]] ning [[Austin, Texas]], [[United States|U.S]] ngadheg ing taun 1999 lan diakuisisi tanggal 1 Maret 2004, mandheg ing taun 2006<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.gamespot.com/news/6146792.html| title=Wolfpack Studios wis mandeg| first=Brendan| last=Sinclair| publisher=GameSpot| date=30 Maret 2006| accessdate=02 April 2013}}</ref>. * Ubisoft Vancouver, ngadheg tanggal 3 Fèbruari 2009 sawisé diakuisisi kaliyan Action Pants Inc<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gamingunion.net/news/academy-of-champions-announced-for-nintendo-wii--85.html|title=Academy of Champions Announced For Nintendo Wii|date=20 Mèi 2009|publisher=Gaming Union|access-date=2013-04-02|archive-date=2009-05-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090522093117/http://www.gamingunion.net/news/academy-of-champions-announced-for-nintendo-wii--85.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>. Mandheg ning wulan Januari 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.escapistmagazine.com/news/view/115318-Ubisoft-Vancouver-Closes|title=Ubisoft Vancouver Mandheg|access-date=2013-04-02|archive-date=2019-10-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191029135645/http://www.escapistmagazine.com/news/view/115318-Ubisoft-Vancouver-Closes|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[Ubisoft São Paulo]], ngadheg tanggal 24 juni 2008, lajeng ing tanggal 20 januari 2009 studio iki diakuisisi Southlogic Studios lan digabung kaliyan studio iku<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.mobygames.com/company/ubisoft-so-paulo| title=Ubisoft São Paulo| publisher=MobyGames| access-date=24 Fèbruari 2010}}</ref>. Studio iki mandheg ing akir 2010 amarga fokus kanggo distribusi game<ref>{{cite web| url=http://jogos.uol.com.br/ultnot/multi/2010/09/30/ult530u8344.jhtm| title=Studio ubisoft ning brazil mandheg lan fokus ing pangedolan game baé| first=Redação| language=Portuguese| publisher=UOL Jogos| date=30 Sèptèmber 2010| accessdate=02 April 2013}}</ref>. == Game sing arep Metu == {{see also|List of Ubisoft games}} === 2013 === * ''[[South Park: The Stick of Truth]]'' (PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, Microsoft Windows) * ''[[Rayman Legends]]'' (Wii U, PlayStation 3, Xbox 360) * ''[[ShootMania Storm|ShootMania]]'' (Microsoft Windows) * ''[[Spartacus (TV series)#Video games|Spartacus: Legends]]'' (PlayStation Network, Xbox Live Arcade) * ''[[Tom Clancy's Rainbow 6: Patriots]]'' (PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, Microsoft Windows)<ref name="rb6">{{cite web | url=http://www.g4tv.com/thefeed/blog/post/718046/tom-clancys-rainbow-6-patriots-announced-for-2013/ | title=Tom Clancy's Rainbow 6 Patriots dikenalkan ing taun 2013 | publisher=G4TV | date=3 Novèmber 2011 | accessdate=02 April 2013 | author=Jackson, Leah}}</ref> * ''[[Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell: Blacklist]]'' (PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, Wii U, Microsoft Windows) * ''[[Watch Dogs]]'' (PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, Xbox 360, Wii U, Microsoft Windows)<ref name="watch_dogs">{{cite web | url=http://translate.google.com/translate?sl=auto&tl=en&js=n&prev=_t&hl=en&ie=UTF-8&layout=2&eotf=1&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Ftechnologies%2Farticle%2F2012%2F06%2F07%2Fyves-guillemot-on-peut-se-permettre-de-prendre-plus-de-risques_1713943_651865.html | title=Watch Dogs diluncurkan tahun 2013 | publisher=Le Monde | date=7 Juni 2012 | accessdate=2 April 2013 | author=Olivier, Lawrence}}</ref> * ''[[Assassin’s Creed IV: Black Flag]]'' (PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, Xbox 360, Wii U, Microsoft Windows) * ''[[Call of Juarez: Gunslinger]]'' (PlayStation Network, Xbox Live Arcade, Microsoft Windows) * ''[[Thunder Wolves]]'' (PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, Microsoft Windows) * ''[[Assassin's Creed: Utopia]]'' (iOS, Android) * ''[[Nutty Fluffies]]'' (iOS, Android) * ''[[Just Dance 5]]'' (Wii, Xbox 360, PlayStation 3, Wii U) === Arep Ditokake === * ''[[1666 (video game)|1666]]'' (TBA) * ''[[Beyond Good & Evil 2]]'' (TBA) * ''[[The Mighty Quest for Epic Loot]]'' (Microsoft Windows) * ''[[Brothers in Arms: Furious 4]]'' (PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, Microsoft Windows) * ''[[QuestMania]]'' (Microsoft Windows) * ''[[Underdog (video game)|Underdog]]'' (TBA) * ''[[Far Cry 4]]'' (TBA) == Uplay == {{main|Uplay}} Uplay iku distributor digital, digital menejemen HAKI, multiplayer lan komunikasi servis saka Ubisoft. == Piranti Atos == {{Main|Ubisoft Motion Tracking Camera}} == Cathethan Sikil == {{Reflist|2}} == link Njaba == *[http://www.ubi.com/ Website umum saka Ubisoft] *[http://www.ubisoftgroup.com/ Website perusahaan saka Ubisoft] *[https://datasgpterbaru.com Datasgpterbaru] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200306231531/https://datasgpterbaru.com/ |date=2020-03-06 }} {{Ubisoft}} 2c6kfoa587c895hjpdxe3a7i35g648r 0 107496 1755895 1555188 2026-08-31T18:39:48Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1755895 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox chess player |name = Magnus Carlsen |image = Magnus Carlsen (2012).jpg |caption = Carlsen ing taun 2012 |birt_hname = Sven Magnus Øen Carlsen |country = {{gendéra|Nurwègen}} |date_of_birth = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1990|11|30}} |place_of_birth = [[Tønsberg]], [[Vestfold]], [[Nurwègen]] |title = [[Grandmaster (sekak)|Grandmaster]] |worldchampion = |rating = 2861 |peakrating = 2861 (Januari 2013) |ranking = No. 1 (Januari 2013) |peakranking = No. 1 (Januari 2010) |FideID =1503014 }} [[File:Magnus Carlsen (2012).jpg|thumb|Magnus Carlsen (2012)]] '''Sven Magnus Øen Carlsen''' ({{lahirmati|[[Tønsberg]]|30|11|1990}}) iku juru main sekak pecatur [[Nurwègen]]. Ing taun 2004 ia dadi [[Grandmaster (sekak)|Grandmaster]] ing umur 13 taun 4 sasi. Dhèwèké menangaké [[Kajuwaraan Sekak Nurwègen|kajuwaraan nasional]] ing taun 2006. Ing taun 2009, dhèwèké menangaké turnamen London Chess Classic. Sajeroning pratélan [[FIDE]] Januari 2009, dhèwèké duwé Elo 2810, kang andadèké nomer 1 ing donya. Sajeroning pratélan rating FIDE ing sasi Januari 2013, Carlsen olèh rating Elo 2861, ngalahaké rékor rating sadurungé kang disandhang déning [[Garry Kasparov]], ya iku 2851 (diraih ing sasi Juli 1999).<ref name=wic-carlsenwinslondon2012>{{cite news |title=Carlsen wins London Chess Classic and takes Kasparov's record |first=Mark |last=Crowther |url=http://www.theweekinchess.com/chessnews/events/4th-london-chess-classic-20121/carlsen-wins-london-chess-classic-and-takes-kasparovs-record |work=[[The Week in Chess]] |date=10 December 2012 |accessdate=11 December 2012 |archive-date=13 December 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121213152325/http://www.theweekinchess.com/chessnews/events/4th-london-chess-classic-20121/carlsen-wins-london-chess-classic-and-takes-kasparovs-record |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Rating ing pratélan top 100 FIDE == [[Gambar:Magnus Carlsen Elo.svg|thumb|Evolusi rating Elo Magnus Carlsen saka 2001 nganti 2011]] {| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:90%" |- ! Pratélan rating ! Rating ! Tetandhingan ! Pangowahan ! Peringkat donya ! Umur |- | Januari 2006 || '''2625''' || 40 || +55 || '''89''' || 15 taun, 1 sasi |- | April 2006 || '''2646''' || 13 || +21 || '''63''' || 15 taun, 4 sasi |- | Juli 2006 || '''2675''' || 27 || +29 || '''31''' || 15 taun, 7 sasi |- | Oktober 2006 || '''2698''' || 46 || +23 || '''21''' || 15 taun, 10 sasi |- | Januari 2007 || 2690 || 11 || −8 || 24 || 16 taun, 1 sasi |- | April 2007 || 2693 || 27 || +3 || 22 || 16 taun, 4 sasi |- | Juli 2007 || '''2710''' || 19 || +17 || '''17''' || 16 taun, 7 sasi |- | Oktober 2007 || '''2714''' || 25 || +4 || '''16''' || 16 taun, 10 sasi |- | Januari 2008 || '''2733''' || 37 || +19 || '''13''' || 17 taun, 1 sasi |- | April 2008 || '''2765''' || 27 || +32 || '''5''' || 17 taun, 4 sasi |- | Juli 2008 || '''2775''' || 16 || +10 || 6 || 17 taun, 7 sasi |- | Oktober 2008 || '''2786''' || 31 || +11 || '''4''' || 17 taun, 10 sasi |- | Januari 2009 || 2776 || 17 || −10 || 4 || 18 taun, 1 sasi |- | April 2009 || 2770 || 27 || −6 || '''3''' || 18 taun, 4 sasi |- | Juli 2009 || 2772 || 12 || +2 || 3 || 18 taun, 7 sasi |- | September 2009 || 2772 || 10 || 0 || 4 || 18 taun, 9 sasi |- | November 2009 || '''2801''' || 10 || +29 || '''2''' || 18 taun, 11 sasi |- | Januari 2010 || '''2810''' || 16 || +9 || '''1''' || 19 taun, 1 sasi |- | Maret 2010 || '''2813''' || 13 || +3 || 1 || 19 taun, 3 sasi |- | Mèi 2010 || 2813 || 0 || 0 || 1 || 19 taun, 5 sasi |- | Juli 2010 || '''2826''' || 10 || +13 || 1 || 19 taun, 7 sasi |- | September 2010 || 2826 || 0 || 0 || 1 || 19 taun, 9 sasi |- | November 2010 || 2802 || 14 || −24 || 2 || 19 taun, 11 sasi |- | Januari 2011 || 2814 || 17 || +12 || 1 || 20 taun, 1 sasi |- | Maret 2011 || 2815 || 13 || +1 || 2 || 20 taun, 3 sasi |- | Mèi 2011 || 2815 || 0 || 0 || 2 || 20 taun, 5 sasi |- | Juli 2011 || 2821 || 10 || +6 || 1 || 20 taun, 7 sasi |- | September 2011 || 2823 || 10 || +2 || 1 || 20 taun, 9 sasi |- | November 2011 || 2826 || 10 || +3 || 1 || 20 taun, 11 sasi |- | Januari 2012 || '''2835''' || 17 || +9 || 1 || 21 taun, 1 sasi |- | Maret 2012 || 2835 || 13 || 0 || 1 || 21 taun, 3 sasi |- | Mèi 2012 || 2835 || 0 || 0 || 1 || 21 taun, 5 sasi |- | Juli 2012 || '''2837''' || 9 || +2 || 1 || 21 taun, 7 sasi |- | Agustus 2012 || 2837 || 0 || 0 || 1 || 21 taun, 8 sasi |- | September 2012 || '''2843''' || 10 || +6 || 1 || 21 taun, 9 sasi |- | Oktober 2012 || 2843 || 0 || 0 || 1 || 21 taun, 10 sasi |- | November 2012 || '''2848''' || 10 || +5 || 1 || 21 taun, 11 sasi |- | Dhésèmber 2012 || 2848 || 0 || 0 || 1 || 22 taun |- | Januari 2013 || '''2861''' || 8 || +13 || 1 || 22 taun, 1 sasi |} * '''kandel''', puncak rating paling anyar == Réferènsi == {{reflist}} == Pranala njaba == * [http://ratings.fide.com/card.phtml?event=1503014 Kartu peringkat FIDE untuk Magnus Carlsen] * [http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessplayer?pid=52948 Magnus Carlsen di ChessGames.com] * [http://www.olimpbase.org/players/359x1rhf.html OlimpBase] [[Kategori:Lair 1990]] [[Kategori:Wong urip]] [[Kategori:Pamain sekak Nurwègen]] [[Kategori:Grandmaster sekak]] {{pecatur-bio-stub}} 4qhsyg0xq5g2z2u46kkv1tu7fha7yg4 0 128202 1755893 1752810 2026-08-31T17:37:18Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1755893 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- {{Deaths in month TOC}} --> __NOTOC__ Artikel iki pratélan pati ing [[2015#Pati|Januari 2015]]: == Januari 2015 == === 1 === *[[Barbara Atkinson]], 88, aktris Britania (''[[Z-Cars]]'').<ref>[http://www.thestage.co.uk/people/obituaries/2015/01/obituary-barbara-atkinson/ Obituary: Barbara Atkinson ]</ref> *[[Staryl C. Austin]], 94, Brigjen Angkatan Udara AS.<ref>[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/statesmanjournal/obituary.aspx?n=staryl-austin&pid=173738500&fhid=7982 Staryl Austin Obituary]</ref> *[[Ulrich Beck]], 70, ahli sosiologi Jerman, serangan jantung.<ref>[http://www.theguardian.com/education/2015/jan/06/ulrich-beck Ulrich Beck obituary]</ref> *[[Fiona Cumming]], 77, sutradara tv Britania (''[[Doctor Who]]'').<ref>[http://www.doctorwhonews.net/2015/01/fiona-cumming-1937-2015.html Fiona Cumming 1937-2015]</ref> *[[Eric Cunningham]], 65, pulitikus Kanadha (1975–1984).<ref>[http://www.thespec.com/news-story/5239289-former-hamilton-mpp-eric-cunningham-dies-in-his-sleep-at-65/ Former Hamilton MPP Eric Cunningham dies in his sleep at 65]</ref> *[[Mario Cuomo]], 82, pulitikus AS, Gubernur of New York (1983–1994), gagal jantung.<ref>[http://edition.cnn.com/2015/01/01/us/mario-cuomo-dies-new-york-governor/ Mario Cuomo, former New York governor, dies at 82]</ref> *[[Donna Douglas]], 82, aktris AS (''[[The Beverly Hillbillies]], [[Frankie and Johnny (filem 1966)|Frankie and Johnny]], [[The Twilight Zone (1959 TV series)|The Twilight Zone]]''), kanker pankréas.<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/03/arts/television/donna-douglas-the-fairest-beverly-hillbilly-dies-at-82.html Donna Douglas, the Fairest ‘Beverly Hillbilly,’ Dies at 82]</ref> *[[Matthew Franjola]], 72, wartawan AS ([[Associated Press]]) lan juru foto.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://asiancorrespondent.com/129513/vietnam-war-reporter-matthew-franjola-dies/ |title=Vietnam War reporter Matthew Franjola dies aged 72 |access-date=2015-10-31 |archive-date=2015-01-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150115060017/http://asiancorrespondent.com/129513/vietnam-war-reporter-matthew-franjola-dies/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Jeff Golub]], 59, juru main gitar AS.<ref>[http://jazztimes.com/articles/151334-guitarist-jeff-golub-dies-at-59 Guitarist Jeff Golub Dies at 59]</ref> *[[Omar Karami]], 80, pulitikus Libanon lan manten Nayakotama (1990–1992, 2004–2005).<ref>[http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Lebanon-News/2015/Jan-01/282778-former-prime-minister-omar-karami-dies-at-age-of-80.ashx Former Prime Minister Omar Karami dies at age of 80]</ref> *[[Bill Keating (American football)|Bill Keating]], 70, juru main bal-balan Amérika ([[Denver Broncos]], [[Miami Dolphins]]) lan ahli kukum.<ref>[http://www.denverpost.com/news/ci_27243695/prominent-attorney-keating-dies-at-70 Prominent Colorado attorney and former Bronco Bill Keating dies at 70]</ref> *[[Tore Helge Larsen]], 69, ulah ragawan Nurwègen.<ref>[https://www.rikstoto.no/Nyheter-og-tips/2015/Januar/01/Tore-Helge-Larsen-dod/ Tore Helge Larsen er død] {{no icon}}</ref> *[[Géry Leuliet]], 104, biskop Prancis (1963–1985).<ref>[http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bleuliet.html Bishop Géry-Jacques-Charles Leuliet]</ref> *[[Boris Morukov]], 64, kosmonaut lan fisikawan Ruslan, [[STS-106]].<ref>[http://www.collectspace.com/news/news-010115a-obituary-boris-morukov-cosmonaut.html Russian cosmonaut Boris Morukov, space station visitor and Mars sim leader, dies]</ref> *[[Kjell Noreik]], 85, fisikawan Nurwègen.<ref>[http://www.aftenposten.no/dodsfall/Nekrolog-Kjell-Noreik-7862903.html Nekrolog Kjell Noreik] {{no icon}}</ref> <!--P-->*[[Mrunalini Devi Puar]], 83, tokoh pawiyatan India.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://netindian.in/news/2015/01/02/00032074/mrunalini-devi-puar-chancellor-m-s-university-baroda-passes-away |title=Mrunalini Devi Puar, Chancellor of M S University of Baroda, passes away |access-date=2015-10-31 |archive-date=2016-03-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313115633/http://netindian.in/news/2015/01/02/00032074/mrunalini-devi-puar-chancellor-m-s-university-baroda-passes-away |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Ninón Sevilla]], 93, aktris Mèksiko kalairan Kuba (''[[Aventurera]]''), serangan jantung.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/in-english/2015/mexico-cuba-ninon-sevilla-death-99543.html |title=Ninón Sevilla dies of a heart attack |access-date=2015-10-31 |archive-date=2015-01-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150102020753/http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/in-english/2015/mexico-cuba-ninon-sevilla-death-99543.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[William Lloyd Standish]], 84, hakim AS (1987–2002).<ref>[http://triblive.com/news/allegheny/7482955-74/standish-judge-county#axzz3NdmiH16D Attorney, Allegheny County, U.S. judge dies at 84, was mentor to many]</ref> *[[Manasa Vaniqi]], 62, pegawé nagara dhuwur Fiji.<ref>[http://fijivillage.com/news/Manasa-Vaniqi-passes-away-k529rs/ Manasa Vaniqi passes away]</ref> *[[Miller Williams]], 84, pujangga Amérikah Sarékat, lelara Alzheimer.<ref>[http://www.nwaonline.com/news/2015/jan/02/poet-miller-williams-84-dies-20150102/ Poet Miller Williams, 84, dies]</ref> === 2 === *[[Per-Olof Åstrand]], 92, fisiologis Swèdhen.<ref>[http://exxentric.com/per-olof-astrand-remembered/ Per-Olof Åstrand Remembered: My First Inspiration for Applied Sport Science]</ref> *[[James A. Barlow]], 91, pulitikus AS, anggota ''Wyoming House of Representatives'' (1983–1987).<ref>[http://www.meaningfulfunerals.net/fh/print.cfm?type=obituary&o_id=2890268&fh_id=13508 James A. Barlow]</ref> *[[Charles Baur]], 85, pulitikus Prancis, ketua déwan régional [[Picardy]] (1976–1978, 1985–2004).<ref>[http://www.courrier-picard.fr/region/charles-baur-decede-a-85-ans-ia0b0n495655 Charles Baur décède à 85 ans] {{fr icon}}</ref> *[[Noel Cobb]], 76, filsuf Britania.<ref>[http://www.dagbladet.no/2015/01/05/kultur/bok/litteratur/noel_cobb/37008876/ Poeten Noel Cobb er død] {{no icon}}</ref> *[[Little Jimmy Dickens]], 94, penyanyi AS ("[[May the Bird of Paradise Fly Up Your Nose]]"), gagal jantung.<ref>[http://www.usatoday.com/story/life/music/2015/01/02/little-jimmy-dickens-dies/20994825/ Country great "Little" Jimmy Dickens dies at 94]</ref> *[[Baldina Di Vittorio]], 94, pulitikus Italia.<ref>[http://27esimaora.corriere.it/articolo/e-morta-baldina-di-vittoriodopo-la-liberazionesi-occupo-dei-diritti-delle-donne/ È morta Baldina Di Vittorio Dopo la Liberazione si occupò dei diritti delle donne] {{it icon}}</ref> *[[Danny Dunton]], 90, pambalap Britania.<ref>[http://www.speedwaygb.co/news.php?extend.28128 Danny Dunton]</ref> *[[Maurice Fontaine]], 95, pulitikus Prancis.<ref>[http://www.objectifgard.com/2015/01/03/aigues-mortes-deces-lancien-senateur-maire-maurice-fontaine/ AIGUES-MORTES Décès de l’ancien sénateur-maire Maurice Fontaine] {{fr icon}}</ref> *[[Bob Gilmore]], 53, juru main musik Britania.<ref>[http://www.artsjournal.com/postclassic/2015/01/bob-gilmore-1961-2015.html Bob Gilmore (1961-2015)]</ref> *[[Vasant Gowarikar]], 81, ngèlmuwan India.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.jagranjosh.com/current-affairs/former-isro-chairman-v-r-gowarikar-died-in-pune-1420278745-1 |title=Former ISRO Chairman V R Gowarikar died in Pune |access-date=2015-10-31 |archive-date=2015-01-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150105185521/http://www.jagranjosh.com/current-affairs/former-isro-chairman-v-r-gowarikar-died-in-pune-1420278745-1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Basil Hansen]], 88, ulah ragawan Australia, juru main hoki ès.<ref>[http://www.iihf.com/home-of-hockey/news/news-singleview/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=9327&cHash=6139b973a891b6404cf7d739a7b18329 Hansen passes away]</ref> *[[Lloyd Lynn House]], 83, pulitikus AS, anggota [[Arizona House of Representatives]] (1967–1968).<ref>[http://www.azcentral.com/story/news/arizona/politics/2015/01/06/arizonas-first-native-american-lawmaker-dies/21364087/ Arizona's first Native American lawmaker dies]</ref> *[[Roger Kitter]], 64, aktor Britania (''[['Allo 'Allo!]]'').<ref>[http://www.chortle.co.uk/news/2015/01/05/21581/allo_allo_star_roger_kitter_dies Allo Allo star Roger Kitter dies]</ref> *<!--L-->[[Lam Pou-chuen]], 63, seniman ''dubbing'' Hong Kong (''[[Doraemon]]''), diabetes.<ref>[http://www.thestandard.com.hk/breaking_news_detail.asp?id=55783&icid=3&d_str=20150102 Dubbing artist dies at age 63]</ref> <!--L-->*[[Abu Anas al-Libi]], 50, anggota [[al-Qaeda]] saka Libya lan ditahan ing AS, kanker lèver (ati).<ref>[http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/al-qaeda-terrorist-suspect-dies-days-before-his-trial-in-new-york/2015/01/02/7a5a0b7c-9302-11e4-ba53-a477d66580ed_story.html Al-Qaeda terrorist suspect dies days before his trial in New York]</ref> *[[John McQuilten]], 65, pulitikus Australia] (1999–2006).<ref>[http://www.thecourier.com.au/story/2796201/former-politician-john-mcquilten-dies/ Former politician John McQuilten dies]</ref> *[[Derek Minter]], 82, ulah ragawan lan pambalap British Grand Prix.<ref>[http://www.oliepeil.nl/nieuws/5766-sonntagsgeschiednis-met-huub-ode-aan-derek-minter.html Sonntagsgeschiednis met Huub - Ode aan Derek Minter] {{nl icon}}</ref> *[[Arthur Neu]], 81, pulitikus AS, [[Lieutenant Governor of Iowa]] (1973–1979), member of the [[Iowa Senate]] (1967–1973).<ref>[http://www.kcci.com/news/former-lt-governor-art-neu-dies/30499638 Former Lt. Governor Art Neu dies]</ref> *[[Tihomir Novakov]], 85, fisikawan AS kalairan Serbia.<ref>[http://eetd.lbl.gov/news/article/59381/tihomir-novakov-1929-2015 Tihomir Novakov, 1929-2015]</ref> *[[István Pásztor (ulah ragawan)|István Pásztor]], 89, ulah ragawan Honggari.<ref>[http://mksz.sport.hu/mksz-informaciok/mksz-hirek-kozlemenyek/707-elhunyt-pasztor-istvan-1926-2015 Elhunyt Pásztor István (1926-2015)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150105222923/http://mksz.sport.hu/mksz-informaciok/mksz-hirek-kozlemenyek/707-elhunyt-pasztor-istvan-1926-2015 |date=2015-01-05 }} {{hu icon}}</ref> *[[Arpád Račko]], 84, seniman patung Slowak.<ref>[http://www.topky.sk/cl/10/1448053/Navzdy-nas-opustil-Arpad-Racko84Vyznamny-kosicky-sochar--autor-slavneho-Maratonca-mieru Navždy nás opustil Arpád Račko (†84) Významný košický sochár, autor slávneho Maratónca mieru] {{sk icon}}</ref> *[[Vincent Cartledge Reddish]], 86, ahli astronomi Sekotlan, [[Astronomer Royal for Scotland]] (1975–1980).<ref>[http://www.scotsman.com/news/obituaries/obituary-prof-vincent-reddish-obe-1-3662879?WT.mc_id=Outbrain_text&obref Obituary Prof Vincent Reddish OBE]</ref> *[[Kristian Sundtoft]], 77, pulitikus Nurwègen.<ref>[https://www.stortinget.no/no/Representanter-og-komiteer/Representantene/Representantfordeling/Representant/?perid=KRS&tab=Biography Sundtoft, Kristian ( 1937-2015 )] {{no icon}}</ref> === 3 === *[[Jamal Uddin Ahmad]], 85, pulitikus Bangladèsh, Wakil Nayakotama (1977–1982).<ref>[http://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/2015/01/04/former-deputy-prime-minister-jamal-uddin-ahmad-dies Former deputy prime minister Jamal Uddin Ahmad dies]</ref> *[[Daniel Albright]], 69, tokoh akadèmis AS.<ref>[http://www.thecrimson.com/article/2015/1/10/daniel-albright-obituary/ Albright Remembered as Whimsical English and Music Teacher]</ref> *[[Martin Anderson (ahli ékonomi)|Martin Anderson]], 78, ahli ékonomi Amérika lan panaséhat pulitik.<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/06/business/martin-anderson-adviser-to-ronald-reagan-dies-at-78.html?_r=0 Martin Anderson, White House Adviser to Reagan, Dies at 78]</ref> *[[Adunni Bankole]], 55, pangusaha wanita Nigéria.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/society-lady-adunni-bankole-is-dead/198329/ |title=Society Lady, Adunni Bankole, is Dead |access-date=2015-11-02 |archive-date=2015-01-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150119000525/http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/society-lady-adunni-bankole-is-dead/198329/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Edward Brooke]], 95, pulitikus kulit ireng AS, anggota [[United States Senate|U.S. Senate]] saka [[Massachusetts]] (1967–1979).<ref>[http://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/edward-w-brooke-first-african-american-elected-to-the-us-senate-dies-at-95/2015/01/03/cdabb80a-938b-11e4-ba53-a477d66580ed_story.html Edward W. Brooke, first African American popularly elected to U.S. Senate, dies at 95]</ref> *[[Bryan Caldwell]], 54, juru main bal-balan Amérika ([[Tennessee Titans|Houston Oilers]]), Hodgkin's lymphoma.<ref>[http://www.azcentral.com/story/sports/college/asu/2015/01/03/asu-football-bryan-caldwell/21242607/ Former ASU defensive lineman Bryan Caldwell dies at 54]</ref> *[[Paulinus Costa]], 78, rohaniawan Katulik Roma Bangladèsh, Biskop Agung [[Dhaka]] (2005–2011), serangan jantung.<ref>[http://en.radiovaticana.va/news/2015/01/05/retired_dhaka_archbishop_paulinus_costa_passes_away/1117026 Retired Dhaka Archbishop Paulinus Costa passes away]</ref> *[[Maher Hathout]], 79, pamimpin Kaum Muslim AS katurunan Mesir, kanker.<ref>[http://www.latimes.com/local/obituaries/la-me-maher-hathout-20150104-story.html Dr. Maher Hathout, Muslim advocate for interfaith peace, dies at 79]</ref> *[[Bill Jessup]], 85, juru main bal-balan gagrag Amérika ([[San Francisco 49ers]]).<ref>[http://www.presstelegram.com/obituaries/20150117/bill-jessup-long-beach-football-great-and-nfl-player-dies-at-85 Bill Jessup, Long Beach football great and NFL player, dies at 85]</ref> *[[Rueben Philip Job]], 86, rohaniawan Métodis Manunggal Amérika (''American United Methodist''), Biskop Iowa, ''Episcopal Area'' (1984–1992).<ref>[http://www.emk.de/meldungen-2015/bischof-rueben-p-job-gestorben.html Bischof Rueben P. Job gestorben] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113022249/http://www.emk.de/meldungen-2015/bischof-rueben-p-job-gestorben.html |date=2015-01-13 }} {{de icon}}</ref> *[[Muath al-Kasasbeh]], 26, juru anggegana Yordania lan sanderawan [[ISIS]], kaobong urip-urip.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2015/feb/3/jordan-juru |title=anggegana-burned-alive-isis-video/ Jordan juru anggegana burned alive in ISIS video |access-date=2016-03-21 |archive-date=2020-09-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200925070015/https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2015/feb/3/jordan-juru/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Olga Knyazeva]], 60, juru main anggar Ruslan, jawara Olimpiade 1976.<ref>[http://www.tatar-inform.ru/news/2015/01/03/436930/ Ушла из жизни лучшая рапиристка мира-1975 Ольга Князева] {{ru icon}}</ref> *[[Kurt Kuch]], 42, jurnalis Ostenrik, kanker paru-paru.<ref>[http://www.profil.at/articles/1501/983/378792/news-journalist-kurt-kuch-lungenkrebs "News"-Journalist Kurt Kuch an Lungenkrebs gestorben] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150103205642/http://www.profil.at/articles/1501/983/378792/news-journalist-kurt-kuch-lungenkrebs |date=2015-01-03 }} {{de icon}}</ref> *[[Bernice Madigan]], 115, [[supercentenarian]] AS, wong kaping lima tuwa dhéwé sadonya.<ref>[http://www.iberkshires.com/story/48218/Bernice-Madigan-State-s-Oldest-Citizen-Dies-at-115.html Bernice Madigan, State's Oldest Citizen, Dies at 115]</ref> *[[Willy Ovesen]], 90, pagawé nagari Nurwègen.<ref>[http://www.aftenposten.no/dodsfall/Nekrolog-Willy-Ovesen-7857866.html Nekrolog Willy Ovesen] {{no icon}}</ref> * [[Viktor Prudnikov]], 75, Jèndral Angkatan Udara Ruslan.<ref>[http://ria.ru/defense_safety/20150103/1041294848.html Прощание с последним главкомом войск ПВО Прудниковым пройдет 6 января]</ref> *[[Terence Ranger]], 85, sajarawan Britania.<ref>[http://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/jan/18/terrance-ranger-obituary Terence Ranger obituary]</ref> *[[Denny Sakrie]], 51, kritikus musik Indonésia lan panyiar radio.<ref>[http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2015/01/03/legendary-music-critic-denny-sakrie-passes-away-51.html Legendary music critic Denny Sakrie passes away at 51]</ref> *[[Allie Sherman]], 91, juru main bal-balan gagrak Amérika ([[Philadelphia Eagles]]) lan palatih [[New York Giants]]).<ref>[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/nytimes/obituary.aspx?pid=173729688 Alex Sherman]</ref> *[[Jouko Törmänen]], 60, juru main ski Finlan, jawara Olimpiade Mangsa Atis 1980.<ref>[http://www.lapinkansa.fi/Kotimaa/1194951225612/artikkeli/olympiavoittaja+jouko+tormanen+on+kuollut.html Olympiavoittaja Jouko Törmänen on kuollut] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150103210822/http://www.lapinkansa.fi/Kotimaa/1194951225612/artikkeli/olympiavoittaja+jouko+tormanen+on+kuollut.html |date=2015-01-03 }} {{fi icon}}</ref> === 4 === *[[Chang Sung-hwan]], 94, jèndral lan diplomat Koréa Kidul, Sénapati Angkatan Udara Koréa (1962–1964).<ref>[https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/people/2015/01/178_171148.html Former Air Force chief of staff dies at 94]</ref> *[[Elisabetta Catalano]], 70, juru foto kagunan alus Italia.<ref>[http://www.rainews.it/dl/rainews/articoli/Addio-ad-Elisabetta-Catalano-fotografa-delle-star-800f4a33-7809-454b-8ff4-c29716ceaec5.html E' morta Elisabetta Catalano, la fotografa delle star] {{it icon}}</ref> *[[Pino Daniele]], 59, panyanyi lan panulis lagi Italia, serangan jantung.<ref>[http://slippedisc.com/2015/01/half-black-italian-star-is-dead-aged-59/ ‘Half-black’ Italian star is dead, aged 59]</ref> *[[Chitresh Das]], 70, panayub India, guru lan koréografer, aneurisme.<ref>[http://sfbay.ca/2015/01/04/pandit-chitresh-das-dies-at-70/ Pandit Chitresh Das dies at 70]</ref> *[[Al Delugach]], 89, wartawan AS, pamenang Bebungah Pulitzer, [[:w:mesothelioma]].<ref>[http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Pulitzer-winning-investigative-reporter-Al-6002777.php Pulitzer-winning investigative reporter Al Delugach dies]</ref> *[[Lance Diamond]], 72, panyanyi AS.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.wkbw.com/news/lance-diamond-dies |title=Lance Diamond dies |access-date=2015-11-04 |archive-date=2015-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150111233057/http://www.wkbw.com/news/lance-diamond-dies |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Jay Furman]], 72, pangusaha lan pambangun ''real estate'' AS, kanker.<ref>[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/nytimes/obituary.aspx?n=jay-furman&pid=173741107 Jay Furman: Obituary]</ref> *[[He Zhenliang]], 85, pulitikus lan diplomat Tiongkok.<ref>[http://sports.ifeng.com/a/20150104/42855534_0.shtml?_baidualading#_zbs_baidu_xk 中国奥委会名誉主席何振梁因病去世] {{zh icon}}</ref> *[[Gene Kemp]], 88, panulis buku bocah Britania (''[[The Turbulent Term of Tyke Tiler]]'').<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.westmidlandsnews.org.uk/news/obituary-tamworth-author-gene-kemp |title=Obituary: Tamworth Author Gene Kemp |access-date=2015-11-04 |archive-date=2015-02-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204121531/http://www.westmidlandsnews.org.uk/news/obituary-tamworth-author-gene-kemp |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Haroldo Lara]], 80, juru nglangi Olimpiade Brazilia (1952 lan 1956).<ref>[http://globoesporte.globo.com/sp/santos-e-regiao/natacao/noticia/2015/01/ex-nadador-olimpico-haroldo-de-melo-lara-morre-aos-80-anos.html Ex-nadador olímpico, Haroldo de Melo Lara morre aos 80 anos] {{pt icon}}</ref> *[[Azizullah Lodin]], +/-75, pulitikus Afganistan.<ref>[http://www.khaama.com/ex-afghan-anti-corruption-chief-passed-away-in-united-states-9206 Ex-Afghan anti-corruption chief passed away in United States]</ref> *[[Gasan Magomedov]], 20, juru main bal-balan Ruslan ([[FC Anzhi-2 Makhachkala|Anzhi-2]]), ditémbak.<ref>[http://www.theguardian.com/football/2015/jan/04/anzhi-makhachkala-gasan-magomedow-shot-killed-russia Anzhi Makhachkala footballer Gasan Magomedov shot and killed in Russia]</ref> *[[John McPhee (juru main bal-balan)|John McPhee]], 77, juru main bal-balan Sekotlan ([[Blackpool F.C.|Blackpool]], [[Motherwell F.C.|Motherwell]]).<ref>[http://www.blackpoolgazette.co.uk/sport/blackpool-fc/armfield-leads-tributes-to-pool-hero-john-mcphee-1-7033186 Armfield leads tributes to Pool hero John McPhee]</ref> *[[Stu Miller]], 87, juru main bisbol AS ([[San Francisco Giants]], [[Baltimore Orioles]]).<ref>[http://espn.go.com/mlb/story/_/id/12125102/former-san-francisco-giants-pitcher-stu-miller-dies-age-87 Former Giants pitcher Stu Miller dies]</ref> *[[Juan Isidro Moreno]], 90, pujangga Républik Dominika.<ref>[http://caribbeandigital.net/muere-juan-isidro-moreno-padre-de-guillermo-moreno/ Muere Juan Isidro Moreno, padre de Guillermo Moreno] {{es icon}}</ref> *[[Hasan Hazer Moshar]], 91, seniman Iran.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://iranfrontpage.com/news/cultures/arts/2015/01/not-lose-life-life-lost/ |title=He did not lose his life, life lost him |access-date=2015-11-04 |archive-date=2015-01-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150114185246/http://iranfrontpage.com/news/cultures/arts/2015/01/not-lose-life-life-lost/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Jack Parr (basketball)|Jack Parr]], 78, juru main baskèt AS ([[Sacramento Kings|Cincinnati Royals]]).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.salina.com/news/former-k-state-hoop-standout-jack-parr-dies-at/article_6a310aba-14ae-5489-9005-1308fe160e4e.html |title=Former K-State hoop standout, Jack Parr, dies at 78 |access-date=2015-11-04 |archive-date=2015-01-05 |archive-url=https://archive.is/20150105011237/http://www.salina.com/news/former-k-state-hoop-standout-jack-parr-dies-at/article_6a310aba-14ae-5489-9005-1308fe160e4e.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Natalino Pescarolo]], 85, rohaniawan Katulik Roma Italia, Biskop [[Fossano]] (1992–2005) lan Diocese saka Cuneo (1999–2005).<ref>[http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bpesn.html Bishop Natalino Pescarolo]</ref> *[[Hank Peters]], 90, èksèkutif bisbol AS ([[Baltimore Orioles]]), komplikasi serangan setruk.<ref>[http://washington.cbslocal.com/2015/01/04/former-orioles-gm-hank-peters-dies/ Former Orioles GM Hank Peters Dies]</ref> *[[Ahuti Prasad]], 57, aktor India, kanker usus.<ref>[http://www.deccanchronicle.com/150104/entertainment-tollywood/article/telugu-actor-ahuti-prasad-passes-away Telugu actor Ahuti Prasad passes away at 57]</ref> *[[Ives Roqueta]], 78, panulis basa Occitan saka Prancis.<ref>[http://www.jornalet.com/nova/4542/es-mort-ives-roqueta Es mòrt Ives Roqueta] {{fr icon}}</ref> *[[Eli Sagan]], 87, produsèn klambi AS, panulis antropologi budaya lan salah sijiné [[Pratélan Musuh Nixon|Musuh Nixon]].<ref>[http://www.northjersey.com/obituaries/top-obituaries/eli-sagan-87-proud-nixon-enemy-1.1189356 Eli Sagan, 87, proud Nixon 'enemy']</ref> *[[Stuart Scott]], 49, wartawan ulah raga AS (''[[SportsCenter]]''), kanker usus buntu.<ref>[http://espn.go.com/espn/story/_/id/12118296/stuart-scott-espn-anchor-dies-age-49 Stuart Scott, ESPN anchor, dies of cancer at 49]</ref> *[[Michele Serros]], 48, panulis novèl lan pujangga AS, tumor ganas klanjer idu.<ref>[http://www.nbcnews.com/news/latino/michele-serros-who-wrote-about-bicultural-life-dies-n280126 Michele Serros, Who Wrote About Bicultural Life, Dies]</ref> *[[Upendra Trivedi]], 78, aktor India lan sutradarawan.<ref>[http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/celebrity/gujarati-actor-upendra-trivedi-passes-away-pm-modi-condoles-death_1524562.html Gujarati actor Upendra Trivedi passes away, PM Modi condoles death]</ref> *[[Richard D. Veltri]], 79, pulitikus AS, anggota DPRD [[Connecticut]].<ref>[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/hartfordcourant/obituary.aspx?pid=173758214 Richard D. Veltri Ph.D.]</ref> *[[René Vautier]], 86, sutradara Prancis (''[[Avoir 20 ans dans les Aurès]]'').<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.expatica.com/fr/news/country-news/French-anti-colonial-firebrand-film-maker-Vautier-dies_444187.html |title=French anti-colonial firebrand film-maker Vautier dies |access-date=2015-11-04 |archive-date=2015-01-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150104214516/http://www.expatica.com/fr/news/country-news/French-anti-colonial-firebrand-film-maker-Vautier-dies_444187.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Bernard Williams (producer)|Bernard Williams]], 72, produsèn filem Britania (''[[A Clockwork Orange (filem)|A Clockwork Orange]]'', ''[[Daredevil (filem)|Daredevil]]'', ''[[Flash Gordon (filem)|Flash Gordon]]''), kanker.<ref>[http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/bernard-williams-producer-a-clockwork-763125 Bernard Williams, Producer on 'A Clockwork Orange' and 'Ragtime,' Dies at 72]</ref> *[[Edmund Wnuk-Lipiński]], 70, tokoh akadémis Polen.<ref>[http://m.wiadomosci.gazeta.pl/wiadomosci/1,117915,17209160,Prof__Edmund_Wnuk_Lipinski_nie_zyje.html Prof. Edmund Wnuk-Lipiński nie żyje] {{pl icon}}</ref> *[[János Zsombolyai]], 75, ahli filem Honggari, sutradara lan panulis skénario.<ref>[http://dailynewshungary.com/film-director-janos-zsombolyai-dies-at-75/ Film director Janos Zsombolyai dies at 75]</ref> ===5=== *[[Joy Ali]], 36, juru main tinju kelas tengah Fiji.<ref>[http://www.fijitimes.com/story.aspx?id=290923 Joy Ali passes away]</ref> *[[Jean-Pierre Beltoise]], 77, pambalap [[Formula One]] saka Prancis, pamenang [[1972 Monaco Grand Prix]], serangan setruk.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.euronews.com/sport/2868716-french-f1-winner-beltoise-dies-at-77/ |title=French F1 winner Beltoise dies at 77 |access-date=2015-11-05 |archive-date=2015-01-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150107113520/http://www.euronews.com/sport/2868716-french-f1-winner-beltoise-dies-at-77/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Al Bendich]], 85, sarjana kukum AS, aktivis HAM.<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/14/us/al-bendich-defender-of-howl-and-lenny-bruces-comedy-is-dead-at-85.html?_r=0 Al Bendich, Defender of ‘Howl’ and Lenny Bruce’s Comedy, Is Dead at 85]</ref> *[[Khan Bonfils]], 42, aktor Inggris (''[[Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace]]'', ''[[Batman Begins]]'', ''[[Skyfall]]'').<ref>[http://www.standard.co.uk/news/london/former-star-wars-actor-collapses-and-dies-during-rehearsal-for-dantes-inferno-9961551.html Former Star Wars actor collapses and dies during rehearsal for Dante's Inferno in London]</ref> *[[Jim Burton (ice hockey)|Jim Burton]], 53, juru main hoki ès Kanadha ([[Hershey Bears]]) lan palatih, serangan jantung.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.wjbf.com/story/27773906/former-augusta-lynx-coach-passes-away |title=Former Augusta Lynx Coach Passes Away |access-date=2015-11-05 |archive-date=2015-01-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150109133156/http://www.wjbf.com/story/27773906/former-augusta-lynx-coach-passes-away |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Jack Calmes]], 71, pancipta AS, èksèkutif lan juru main musik.<ref>[http://livedesignonline.com/business-people-news/memoriam-jack-calmes-1943-2015 In Memoriam Jack Calmes (1943-2015)]</ref> *[[Eylül Cansın]], 24, wanita transgender Turki, nglalu mawa mencolot saka kreteg.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://planettransgender.com/turkish-transgender-woman-commits-suicide-i-could-not-did-not-allow/ |title=Turkish transgender woman commits suicide |access-date=2015-11-05 |archive-date=2016-02-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160220052717/http://planettransgender.com/turkish-transgender-woman-commits-suicide-i-could-not-did-not-allow/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Bobby Carter]], 75, pulitikus AS, anggota Sénat [[Tennessee]] (1995–2002).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.wbbjtv.com/news/local/Former-state-senator-Bobby-Carter-dies-287532381.html |title=Former state senator, Jackson businessman Bobby Carter dies at 75 |access-date=2015-11-05 |archive-date=2015-01-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150105213930/http://www.wbbjtv.com/news/local/Former-state-senator-Bobby-Carter-dies-287532381.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[William R. Catton, Jr.]], 88, ahli sosiologi lingkungan urip AS.<ref>[http://www.peakoilindia.org/2015/02/06/obit-william-r-catton-jr-jan-15-1926-jan-5-2015/ Obituary William R. Catton Jr. (Jan 15, 1926 – Jan 5, 2015)]</ref> *[[Arthur E. Chase]], 84, pulitikus AS, anggota Sénat [[Massachusetts]] (1991–1995).<ref>[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/yadkinripple/obituary.aspx?pid=173738987 Arthur Chase]</ref> *[[Albert Firth]], 77, juru main liga rugby Inggris ([[Wakefield Trinity Wildcats|Wakefield Trinity]]).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.wakefieldexpress.co.uk/news/local-news/tributes-flood-in-for-wakefield-trinity-legend-albert-budgie-firth-1-7036247 |title=Tributes flood in for Wakefield Trinity legend Albert ‘Budgie’ Firth |access-date=2015-11-05 |archive-date=2015-01-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150106233941/http://www.wakefieldexpress.co.uk/news/local-news/tributes-flood-in-for-wakefield-trinity-legend-albert-budgie-firth-1-7036247 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Antonio Fuertes]], 85, juru main bal-balan Spanyol ([[Valencia CF|Valencia]], [[Elche CF|Elche]]).<ref>[http://www.elmundo.es/comunidad-valenciana/2015/01/05/54aac38522601db4148b457a.html Fallece Antonio Fuertes, ex futbolista de Valencia y Elche] {{es icon}}</ref> *[[Vadim Glovatsky]], 45, juru main hoki ès Kazakhstan ([[Metallurg Magnitogorsk]]).<ref>[http://www.ntv.ru/sport/1283778/ Скоропостижно скончался бывший защитник хоккейной сборной России] {{ru icon}}</ref> *[[Joe Haines (pulitikus)|Joe Haines]], 91, pulitikus AS, anggota DPRD [[Ohio]] (1981–1999).<ref>[http://www.daytondailynews.com/news/news/local-govt-politics/former-state-lawmaker-greene-county-commissioner-d/njh6z/ Former state lawmaker, Greene County commissioner dies]</ref> *[[Ken Hale (juru main bal-balan)|Ken Hale]], 75, juru main bal-balan Inggris lan manajer.<ref>[http://www.ccfpa.co.uk/?p=13622 Ken Hale RIP (18/09/1939–05/01/2015)]</ref> *[[Niels Hansen (diplomat)|Niels Hansen]], 90, diplomat Jerman.<ref>[http://www.israelnetz.com/nachrichten/detailansicht/aktuell/frueherer-botschafter-niels-hansen-gestorben-90628/ Früherer Botschafter Niels Hansen gestorben] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151226052032/http://www.israelnetz.com/nachrichten/detailansicht/aktuell/frueherer-botschafter-niels-hansen-gestorben-90628/ |date=2015-12-26 }} {{de icon}}</ref> *[[Milton Hebald]], 97, panatah AS.<ref>[http://touch.latimes.com/#section/-1/article/p2p-82477077/ Milton Hebald, creator of prominent public sculptures, dies at 97]</ref> *[[Dan Held]], 53, juru main hoki ès Kanadha.<ref>[http://sc-bietigheim.de/de/news/nachrichten/getarticle/detail/nachruf-an-einen-lieben-trainer-und-freund/ Nachruf an einen lieben Trainer und Freund] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150116105942/http://sc-bietigheim.de/de/news/nachrichten/getarticle/detail/nachruf-an-einen-lieben-trainer-und-freund/ |date=2015-01-16 }} {{de icon}}</ref> *[[Martin Joseph (pulitikus)|Martin Joseph]], 65, pulitikus Trinidad, Mantri Katentreman Nasional (2003–2010), tiwas klelep.<ref>[http://latino.foxnews.com/latino/politics/2015/01/05/trinidadian-former-cabinet-minister-dies-in-swimming-accident/ Trinidadian former Cabinet minister dies in swimming accident]</ref> *[[Mustafa Kamal (kakim)|Mustafa Kamal]], 79, kakim Bangladèsh, Pasirah Mahkamah Agung (1999), lelara jantung.<ref>[http://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/2015/01/05/former-chief-justice-mustafa-kamal-passes-away Former Chief Justice Mustafa Kamal passes away]</ref> *[[Earl MacNaughton]], 95, fisikawan Kanadha.<ref>[http://www.guelphmercury.com/news-story/5247123-guelph-academic-recalled-as-key-u-of-g-builder-and-supportive-dad-of-ontario-s-education-minister/ Guelph academic recalled as key U of G builder and supportive dad of Ontario’s education minister]</ref> *[[Alfons Peeters]], 71, juru main bal-balan Bèlgia.<ref>[http://www.inmemoriam.be/nl/2015-01-05/alfons-peeters/# De heer Alfons Peeters] {{nl icon}}</ref> *[[King Sporty]], 71, Jamaican-American reggae musician.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/entertainment/KING-SPORTY-IS-DEAD_18183587 |title=King Sporty Is Dead |access-date=2015-11-05 |archive-date=2015-01-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150107132034/http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/entertainment/KING-SPORTY-IS-DEAD_18183587 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Anthony Ledwith]], 81, ahli kimia Britania.<ref>[https://royalsociety.org/about-us/fellowship/notices-2015/ Professor Anthony Ledwith CBE FRS]</ref> *[[Bernard Joseph McLaughlin]], 102, rohaniawan Katulik saka AS, Biskop Bantuan [[Buffalo, New York|Buffalo]] (1968–1988).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://wivb.com/2015/01/05/buffalo-bishop-mclaughlin-dies-at-102/ |title=Buffalo’s oldest living Bishop dies at 102 |access-date=2015-11-05 |archive-date=2015-01-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150106081514/http://wivb.com/2015/01/05/buffalo-bishop-mclaughlin-dies-at-102/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Harold Murphy (pulitikus)|Harold Murphy]], 74, pulitikus AS, anggota DPRD [[Illinois]], (1993&ndash;2003).<ref>[http://legacy.suntimes.com/obituaries/chicagosuntimes/obituary.aspx?page=lifestory&pid=173768763 Harold Murphy Obituary]</ref> *[[Ganesh Patro]], 69, panulis India, kanker.<ref>[http://www.deccanherald.com/content/451680/telugu-writer-ganesh-patro-dead.html Telugu writer Ganesh Patro dead]</ref> *[[Joan Peters]], 78, panulis AS (''[[From Time Immemorial]]''), komplikasi setruk.<ref>[http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/obituaries/ct-joan-caro-obituary-met-20150107-story.html Joan Caro, author of controversial book on Israèl, dies at 78]</ref> *[[Geoff Truett]], 79, juru main bal-balan Inggris ([[Crystal Palace F.C.|Crystal Palace]]).<ref>[http://www.croydonadvertiser.co.uk/Tributes-paid-Crystal-Palace-winger/story-25853135-detail/story.html⋅Tributes paid to former Crystal Palace winger]{{Pranala mati|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> === 6 === *[[Anton Amann]], 58, ahli kimia Ostenrik.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://traueranzeigen.tt.com/traueranzeige/2101895-univ-prof-dr-anton-amann.html |title=Univ.-Prof. Dr. Anton Amann |access-date=2015-11-05 |archive-date=2015-12-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151226075059/http://traueranzeigen.tt.com/traueranzeige/2101895-univ-prof-dr-anton-amann.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Else M. Barth]], 86, filsuf Nurwègen.<ref>[http://www.aftenposten.no/dodsfall/Nekrolog-Else-Margarete-Barth-7865796.html Nekrolog Else Margarete Barth] {{no icon}}</ref> *[[Vlastimil Bubník]], 83, juru main hoki ès lan bal-balan Céko, pamenang medali prunggu Olimpiade (1964).<ref>[http://hokej.idnes.cz/vlastimil-bubnik-umrti-hokej-djg-/reprezentace.aspx?c=A150106_095854_reprezentace_mne Zemřel slavný hokejista Vlastimil Bubník. S Brnem získal 11 titulů] {{cs icon}}</ref> *[[Buffalo Tiger]], 94, pulitikus AS, pasirah Suku Indian Miccosukee ing Florida (1962–1985).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.palmbeachpost.com/news/news/state-regional/former-miccosukee-chief-who-met-with-castro-dies/njhnR/ |title=Former Miccosukee chief who met with Castro dies |access-date=2015-11-05 |archive-date=2015-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924140657/http://www.palmbeachpost.com/news/news/state-regional/former-miccosukee-chief-who-met-with-castro-dies/njhnR/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Joseph Djida]], 69, rohaniawan Katulik Roma ing Kamerun, Biskop [[Ngaoundéré]] (wiwit 2000).<ref>[http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bdjida.html Bishop Joseph Djida]</ref> *[[Johannes de Villiers Graaff]], 86, ahli ékonomi Afrika Kidul.<ref>[https://www.wegotads.co.za/Deaths/listings/12/JOHANNES+DE+VILLIERS+GRAAFF+Feb+19+1928+Jan+6+2015/details/1265370.htm Johannes de Villiers Graaff]</ref> *[[Lawrence Gushee]], 83, ahli musik AS.<ref>[http://www.news-gazette.com/obituaries/2015-01-08/lawrence-gushee.html Lawrence Gushee]</ref> *[[Francesca Hilton]], 67, aktris AS lan tokoh sosial, setruk.<ref>[http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-francesca-gabor-hilton-dead-20150106-story.html Francesca Hilton, daughter of Zsa Zsa Gabor and Conrad Hilton, dies at 67]</ref> *[[Ron Hovey]], 82, juru main bal-balan gagrag Australia ([[Geelong Football Club|Geelong]]).<ref>[http://www.heraldsun.com.au/sport/afl/geelong-mourns-death-of-ron-hovey-former-dual-premiership-player-and-president/story-fni5f6yf-1227176811917?nk=221b413b7c471960f2f21c1d38f70bc5 Geelong mourns death of Ron Hovey, former dual premiership player and president]</ref> *[[Arthur Jackson (ulah ragawan témbak)|Arthur Jackson]], 96, ulah ragawan témbak AS.<ref>[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/concordmonitor/obituary.aspx?pid=173762815 Arthur C. Jackson (1918 - 2015)]</ref> *[[Basil John Mason|Sir Basil John Mason]], 91, juru pangramal hawa Britania.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.rmets.org/death-sir-john-mason |title=Death of Sir John Mason |access-date=2015-11-05 |archive-date=2015-01-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150112072303/http://www.rmets.org/death-sir-john-mason |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[George H. McKee]], 91, Lètnan Jèndral Angkatan Udara AS.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://obits.dignitymemorial.com/dignity-memorial/obituary.aspx?n=George-McKee&lc=1144&pid=173777381&mid=6270268 |title=In Memory of George H. McKee April 28, 1923 - January 6, 2015 |access-date=November 5, 2015 |archive-date=February 2, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150202225938/http://obits.dignitymemorial.com/dignity-memorial/obituary.aspx?n=George-McKee&lc=1144&pid=173777381&mid=6270268 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Lance Percival]], 81, aktor Britania (''[[That Was the Week That Was]]'', ''[[The Beatles (TV series)|The Beatles]]'') lan panyanyi ("[[Shame & Scandal|Shame and Scandal in the Family]]").<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://announcements.telegraph.co.uk/deaths/185934/percival |title=Percival |access-date=2015-11-05 |archive-date=2015-01-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150109224318/http://announcements.telegraph.co.uk/deaths/185934/percival |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Gilberto Perez]], profèsor ngèlmu filem AS kalairan Kuba.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.sarahlawrence.edu/gilberto-perez/ |title=Gilberto Perez |access-date=2015-11-05 |archive-date=2015-04-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402095115/https://www.sarahlawrence.edu/gilberto-perez/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Sanford E. Reisenbach]], 82, èksèkutif marketing ([[Warner Bros.]]).<ref>[http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/sandy-reisenbach-dead-warner-bros-761604 Sandy Reisenbach, Former Warner Bros. Marketing and Advertising Exec, Dies at 82]</ref> *[[Patricia Roppel]], 76, sajarawan AS lan guru, spésialisasi ing sajarah [[Southeast Alaska]], kanker.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ktoo.org/2015/01/09/alaska-historian-dies-cancer/ |title=Alaska historian dies of cancer |access-date=2015-11-05 |archive-date=2015-02-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150206211250/http://www.ktoo.org/2015/01/09/alaska-historian-dies-cancer/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Thunder Rumble]], 26, jaran misuwur AS, komplikasi kolik.<ref>[http://www.saratogian.com/sports/20150107/new-york-bred-1992-travers-winner-thunder-rumble-dies New York-bred 1992 Travers winner Thunder Rumble dies]</ref> *[[Alexandru Segal]], 67, ahli ékonomi Brazilia kalairan Rumania lan juru main catur.<ref>[http://www.saturnov.com/artigos/354-falecimento-do-mestre-alexandru-segal Falecimento do mestre Alexandru Segal] {{pt icon}}</ref> === 7 === *[[Subhas Anandan]], 67, pangacara Singapura kalairan India, gagal jantung.<ref>[http://www.businesstimes.com.sg/government-economy/update-veteran-criminal-lawyer-subhas-anandan-dies Veteran criminal lawyer Subhas Anandan dies]</ref> *[[José Arias]], 92, juru main ski alpin Spanyol sajeroning Olimpiade (Olimpiade Mangsa Atis 1948).<ref>[http://www.marca.com/2015/01/08/mas_deportes/nieve/1420748483.html Fallece Pepe Arias, decano de los olímpicos españoles] {{es icon}}</ref> *[[Ricardo Bueno Fernández]], 74, pulitikus Spanyol, anggota Sénat Spanyol (1977–1979, 1993–2000) lan Konggrès Para Wakil (2000–2004).<ref>[http://www.eldiariomontanes.es/torrelavega-besaya/201501/07/fallece-ricardo-bueno-historico-20150107151847.html Fallece Ricardo Bueno, histórico político de Torrelavega] {{es icon}}</ref> *[[Gilbert Finn]], 94, pangusaha Kanadha, Lètnan Gubernur [[New Brunswick]] (1987–1994).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://metronews.ca/news/canada/1255467/former-new-brunswick-lieutenant-governor-dies/ |title=Former New Brunswick lieutenant-governor dies |access-date=2015-11-06 |archive-date=2015-01-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150108175220/http://metronews.ca/news/canada/1255467/former-new-brunswick-lieutenant-governor-dies/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Michael Fisher (lawyer)|Michael Fisher]], 68, pangacara Britania Raya, kanker.<ref>[http://www.theguardian.com/law/2015/jan/28/michael-fisher Michael Fisher obituary]</ref> *[[Tadeusz Konwicki]], 88, panulis lan prodhuser filem Polen.<ref>[http://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/jan/21/tadeusz-konwicki Tadeusz Konwicki obituary]</ref> *[[Mompati Merafhe]], 78, Jèndral lan pulitikus Botswana, Wakil Présidèn (2008–2012).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201501070733.html |title=Botswana: General Merafhe Passes On |access-date=2015-11-06 |archive-date=2015-01-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150109085533/http://allafrica.com/stories/201501070733.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Arch A. Moore, Jr.]], 91, pulitikus AS, Gubernur [[Virginia Kulon]] (1969–1977, 1985–1989).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.wowktv.com/story/27787290/former-wv-gov-arch-moore-dies-at-age-91 |title=Former WV Gov. Arch Moore dies at age 91 |access-date=2015-11-06 |archive-date=2015-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150111033033/http://www.wowktv.com/story/27787290/former-wv-gov-arch-moore-dies-at-age-91 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[J. P. Parisé]], 73, juru main hoki ès Kanadha ([[Minnesota North Stars]]), kanker paru-paru.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.startribune.com/sports/wild/287918141.html |title=Former North Star J.P. Parise dies at 73 |access-date=2015-11-06 |archive-date=2015-01-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150117120805/http://www.startribune.com/sports/wild/287918141.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Jethro Pugh]], 70, juru main bal-balan gagrag Amérikah Sarékat ([[Dallas Cowboys]]).<ref>[http://cowboysblog.dallasnews.com/2015/01/former-dallas-cowboys-defensive-lineman-jethro-pugh-passes-away.html/ Former Dallas Cowboys defensive lineman, ‘Ice Bowl’ participant Jethro Pugh dies]</ref> *[[Archie Radebe]], 55, juru main bal-balan Afrika Kidul ([[AmaZulu F.C.|AmaZulu]]) lan palatih.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.kickoff.com/news/51708/former-amazulu-striker-archie-juluka-radebe-has-died |title=Juluka passes on |access-date=2015-11-06 |archive-date=2015-01-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150115230456/http://www.kickoff.com/news/51708/former-amazulu-striker-archie-juluka-radebe-has-died |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[B. S. Abdur Rahman]], 87, pangusaha India lan tokoh filantropi ([[Universitas B. S. Abdur Rahman]]).<ref>[http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/bs-abdur-rahman-passes-away/article6765817.ece?homepage=true B.S. Abdur Rahman passes away]</ref> *[[Tim Roberts]], 38, juru main gulan profèsional AS ([[World Wrestling Council|WWC]], [[New Wrestling Stars|NWS]], [[ECW (WWE)|ECW]]).<ref>[http://www.wrestlinginc.com/wi/news/2015/0107/588303/the-zombie-from-wwe-ecw-on-sci-fi-passes-away/ The Zombie From WWE's ECW Passes Away]</ref> *[[David Rolfe (juru nglangi)|David Rolfe]], 50, juru nglangi Paralimpik Australia, komplikasi operasi jantung.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.parasport-news.com/australian-paralympic-swimmer-david-rolfe-dies/5013/ |title=Australian Paralympic swimmer David Rolfe dies |access-date=2015-11-06 |archive-date=2015-01-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150118035028/http://www.parasport-news.com/australian-paralympic-swimmer-david-rolfe-dies/5013/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Julio Scherer García]], 88, wartawan Mèksiko, syok sèptik.<ref>[http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/julio-scherer-garcia-journalist-and-irritant-of-politicians-dies-at-88/2015/01/07/a50ebb82-96a0-11e4-8005-1924ede3e54a_story.html Julio Scherer García, journalist and irritant to politicians, dies at 88]</ref> *[[Herb Simpson (juru main bisbol)|Herb Simpson]], 94, juru main bisbol AS ([[Seattle Steelheads]]).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://m.mlb.com/news/article/106037126/negro-leaguer-herb-simpson-passes-away |title=Negro Leaguer Herb Simpson passes away |access-date=2015-11-06 |archive-date=2015-01-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150110043810/http://m.mlb.com/news/article/106037126/negro-leaguer-herb-simpson-passes-away |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Rod Taylor]], 84, aktor Australia (''[[The Time Machine (filem 1960)|The Time Machine]]'', ''[[The Birds (filem)|The Birds]]''), serangan jantung.<ref>[http://www.dailymail.co.uk/wires/aap/article-2902863/Australian-actor-Rod-Taylor-dies.html Australian actor Rod Taylor dies]</ref> *[[Nancy Thomas]], 96, prodhuser télévisi Britania (''[[Monitor (sérial TV Britania Raya)|Monitor]]'').<ref>[http://www.theguardian.com/médhia/2015/jan/15/nancy-thomas Nancy Thomas obituary]</ref> *Wong-wong Prancis wigati sing tiwas nalika prastawa [[Panémbakan Charlie Hebdo]]:<ref>[http://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-actu/2015/01/07/97001-20150107FILWWW00188--charlie-hebdo-les-dessinateurs-cabu-charb-tignous-et-wolinski-sont-morts.php Charlie Hebdo : les dessinateurs Cabu, Charb, Tignous et Wolinski sont morts] {{fr icon}}</ref> **[[Cabu]], 76, kartunis **[[Elsa Cayat]], 54, ahli psikoanalisis lan kolumnis **[[Charb]], 47, karikaturis lan wartawan **[[Philippe Honoré (kartunis)|Philippe Honoré]], 73, kartunis **[[Bernard Maris]], 68, ahli ékonomi lan wartawan **[[Mustapha Ourrad]], 60, juru panata lan panyunting kalairan Aljazair **[[Tignous]], 57, kartunis **[[Georges Wolinski]], 80, kartunis === 8 === *[[William E. Boeing, Jr.]], 92, pangusaha Amérika, produsèn montor mabur.<ref>[http://www.bizjournals.com/seattle/blog/2015/01/william-boeing-jr-son-of-boeing-co-founder-dies-at.html William Boeing Jr., son of Boeing Co. founder, dies at age 92]</ref> *[[Andraé Crouch]], 72, panyanyi gospel AS.<ref>[http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/music/posts/la-et-ms-andrae-crouch-dies-20150108-story.html Grammy-winning gospel artist Andrae Crouch dies at 72]</ref> *[[Kep Enderby]], 88, pulitikus Australia lan kakim, anggota [[Parlemèn Australia]] (1970–1975), [[Mahkamah Agung]] [[New South Wales]] (1982–1992).<ref>[http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-01-09/former-act-politician-kep-enderby-dies-aged-88/6007848 Former Whitlam minister Kep Enderby dies aged 88]</ref> *[[Patsy Garrett]], 93, aktris lan panyanyi AS (''[[Benji (filem 1974)|Benji]]'', ''[[Nanny and the Professor]]'', ''[[Room 222]]'').<ref>[http://variety.com/2015/tv/people-news/actress-patsy-garrett-dies-at-93-1201407386/ Actress Patsy Garrett Dies at 93]</ref> *[[Jean-Claude Gasigwa]], 31, juru main tènis Rwanda.<ref>[http://www.nation.co.ke/sports/tennis/Jean-Claude-Gasigwa-Death-Cercle-Sportif-Rwanda/-/442212/2582850/-/sg9eay/-/index.html Former Kenya Open champ Jean-Claude Gasigwa passes on]</ref> *[[Peter Hill (juru main bal-balan)|Peter Hill]], 83, juru main bal-bala Inggris ([[Coventry City F.C.|Coventry City]]).<ref>[http://www.coventrytelegraph.net/sport/sport-opinion/remembering-three-men-heart-1960s-8415389 Remembering three men at the heart of the 1960s' Sky Blues revolution]</ref> *[[Jenő Lasztovicza]], 53, pulitikus Honggari, anggota parlemèn Honggari (wiwit 1998).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://hungarytoday.hu/cikk/rip-fidesz-mp-jeno-lasztovicza-dies-aged-53-99188 |title=RIP – Fidesz MP Jenő Lasztovicza dies aged 53 |access-date=2015-11-08 |archive-date=2015-01-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150108232455/http://hungarytoday.hu/cikk/rip-fidesz-mp-jeno-lasztovicza-dies-aged-53-99188 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Curtis Lee]], 75, panyanyi AS ("[[Pretty Little Angel Eyes]]"), kanker.<ref>[http://www.yumasun.com/news/homebuilder-singer-curtis-lee-dies-at/article_b4d68540-9880-11e4-bfb6-7b8d034c7bde.html Homebuilder, singer Curtis Lee dies at 75]</ref> *[[Hubert Markl]], 76, ahli biologi Jerman.<ref>[https://royalsociety.org/about-us/fellowship/notices-2015/ Professor Hubert Simon Markl ForMemRS]</ref> *[[Ray McFall]], 88, sing nduwé klub wengi ([[The Cavern Club]]).<ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-30725308 Cavern Club owner Ray McFall dies]</ref> *[[Roy McKie]], 93, panulis Amérikah Sarékat.<ref>[http://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/childrens/childrens-authors/article/65852-obituary-roy-mckie.html Obituary Roy McKie]</ref> *[[Richard Meade]], 76, panunggang jaran Britania, juwara Olimpiade kaping telu, kanker.<ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/wales/25666058 Obituary: Triple Olympic gold-medallist Richard Meade]</ref> *[[Leif Rantala]], 67, ahli basa Finlan.<ref>[http://yle.fi/uutiset/kuolan_niemimaan_tutkija_leif_rantala_on_kuollut/7727329 Kuolan niemimaan tutkija Leif Rantala on kuollut] {{fi icon}}</ref> *[[Erbey Satterfield]], 75, pulitikus AS, anggota DPRD [[Utah]].<ref>[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/saltlaketribune/obituary.aspx?pid=173802990 Erbey Leland Satterfield]</ref> *[[Egil Toreng]], 92, panyunting koran lan pulitikus Nurwègen.<ref>[http://www.glomdalen.no/Egil_Toreng_er_d_d-5-19-9484.html Egil Toreng er død] {{no icon}}</ref> *[[Nelson Townsend]], 73, palatih atlètik AS ([[Florida A&M Rattlers and Lady Rattlers|Florida A&M]]).<ref>[http://www.tallahassee.com/story/sports/2015/01/14/famus-nelson-townsends-funeral-draws-hundreds/21766039/ FAMU's Nelson Townsend's funeral draws hundreds]</ref> === 9 === *[[Angelo Anquilletti]], 71, juru main bal-balan Italia ([[A.C. Milan]], [[Tim nasional bal-balan Italia|tim nasional]]).<ref>[http://www.acmilan.com/it/news/breaking_news_show/71267 La Scomparsa, Anegelo Anquilletti: Il cordoglio del Milan] {{it icon}}</ref> *[[Jasodhara Bagchi]], 77, kritikus féminis India lan tokoh akadémi.<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/Jashodhara-Bagchi-passes-away/articleshow/45828419.cms Jashodhara Bagchi passes away]</ref> *[[Amedy Coulibaly]], 32, jihadi Prancis, ditémbak.<ref>[http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/01/09/amedy-coulibaly-paris-kosher-market_n_6444418.html Amedy Coulibaly, Paris Kosher Market Terrorist, Had History Of Ties To Violence]</ref> *[[Harry A. DeMaso]], 93, pulitikus AS, anggota sénat [[Michigan]] (1967–1986).<ref>[http://www.battlecreekenquirer.com/story/news/local/2015/01/12/harry-demaso-remembered-battle-creek-guy/21660523/ Harry DeMaso remembered as a 'Battle Creek guy']</ref> *[[Samuel Goldwyn, Jr.]], 88, prodhuser filem AS (''[[The Secret Life of Walter Mitty (filem 2013)|The Secret Life of Walter Mitty]]'', ''[[Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World]]''), gagal jantung.<ref>[http://variety.com/2015/film/news/samuel-goldwyn-jr-dies-at-88-1201399483/ Samuel Goldwyn Jr. Dies at 88]</ref> *[[Ah Chew Goo]], 96, juru main lan palatih baskèt AS ([[Hawaii Rainbow Warriors basketball|University of Hawaii]]).<ref>[http://obits.staradvertiser.com/2015/02/05/ah-chew-goo/ Ah Chew Goo]</ref> *[[Michel Jeury]], 80, panulis fiksi ngèlmiah Prancis.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://scifiportal.eu/michel-jeury-a-great-european-sf-writer-1931-2015/ |title=Michel Jeury, A Great European SF writer : 1931-2015 |access-date=2015-11-08 |archive-date=2015-02-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150206213042/http://scifiportal.eu/michel-jeury-a-great-european-sf-writer-1931-2015/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Robert V. Keeley]], 85, diplomat AS, Duta Agung AS kanggo [[Mauritius]] (1976–1978), [[Zimbabwé]] (1980–1984) lan [[Yunani]] (1985–1989), setruk.<ref>[http://www.washingtonpost.com/national/robert-v-keeley-outspoken-ambassador-dies-at-85/2015/01/10/f1da359e-984f-11e4-8005-1924ede3e54a_story.html Robert V. Keeley, outspoken ambassador, dies at 85]</ref> *[[Sarah Kemp]], 69, aktris Australia (''[[Sons and Daughters (sérial TV Australia)|Sons and Daughters]]''), kanker paru-paru.<ref>[http://www.tvtonight.com.au/2015/01/vale-sarah-kemp.html Vale: Sarah Kemp]</ref> *[[Chuck Locke]], 82, juru main bisbol AS ([[Baltimore Orioles]]).<ref>[http://www.mathisfuneralhomes.com/memsol.cgi?user_id=1496604 In Memory of Charles E. Locke]</ref> *[[Frans Molenaar]], 74, désainer klambi Walanda, komplikasi olèhé tiba.<ref>[http://www.dutchnews.nl/news/archives/2015/01/dutch-couturier-frans-molenaar-has-died-at-the-age-of-74.php/ Dutch couturier Frans Molenaar dies at the age of 74]</ref> *[[Józef Oleksy]], 68, pulitikus Polen, Nayakotama (1995–1996), kanker.<ref>[http://wiadomosci.onet.pl/kraj/jozef-oleksy-nie-zyje/v60pb Józef Oleksy nie żyje] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150112215830/http://wiadomosci.onet.pl/kraj/jozef-oleksy-nie-zyje/v60pb |date=2015-01-12 }} {{pl icon}}</ref> *[[Bud Paxson]], 79, èksekutif AS, salah sawijining pangadeg [[Home Shopping Network]], pangadeg [[Pax TV]].<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/16/business/lowell-w-paxson-dies-at-79-started-home-shopping-network.html?_r=1 Lowell W. Paxson Dies at 79; Started Home Shopping Network]</ref> *[[Peder Pedersen (pambalap pit)|Peder Pedersen]], 69, pambalap pit Dènmark.<ref>[http://feltet.dk/nyheder/peder_pedersen_er_doed/ Peder Pedersen er død] {{dk icon}}</ref> *[[Abdul Rahman Ya'kub]], 87, pulitikus Malaysia, Mantri Utama Sarawak (1970–1981).<ref>[http://www.theborneopost.com/2015/01/09/tun-abdul-rahman-yakub-passes-away-at-87/ Tun Abdul Rahman Yakub passes away at 87]</ref> *[[Whitney Reed]], 82, juru main tènis AS.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.norcal.usta.com/news/northern-california-tennis-great-whitney-reed-passes-away-at-82/ |title=Northern California Tennis Great Whitney Reed Passes Away at 82 |access-date=2015-11-08 |archive-date=2015-04-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150419140026/http://www.norcal.usta.com/news/northern-california-tennis-great-whitney-reed-passes-away-at-82/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[James L. Reveal]], 73, ahli botani AS.<ref>[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/theithacajournal/obituary.aspx?n=james-l-reveal&pid=173824748&fhid=31206 James L. Reveal]</ref> *[[Robert Scott (author)|Robert Scott]], 73, panulis AS.<ref>[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/redding/obituary.aspx?n=Robert-Scott&pid=173827378 Robert Scott Obituary]</ref> *[[Bud Sherman]], 88, pulitikus Kanadha, anggota ''[[Legislative Assembly of Manitoba]]'' (1969–1984), [[House of Commons of Canada]]'' (DPR Kanadha, 1965–1968).<ref>[http://passages.winnipegfreepress.com/passage-details/id-220874/name-Louis_Sherman/min-run-date-1421042400/order-publish_date Louis Sherman]</ref> *[[Paul M. Starnes]], 80, pulitikus AS, anggota DPRD [[Tennessee]] (1972–1990).<ref>[http://www.wrcbtv.com/story/27815690/former-longtime-state-representative-paul-starnes-passes-away Former longtime state representative Paul Starnes passes away]</ref> *[[Roy Tarpley]], 50, juru main baskèt AS ([[Dallas Mavericks]]).<ref>[http://probasketballtalk.nbcsports.com/2015/01/09/former-dallas-maverick-roy-tarpley-dies-at-age-50/ Former Dallas Maverick Roy Tarpley dies at age 50]</ref> *[[Christian Vanneque]], 65, ahli anggur lan pangurus rèstoran Prancis misuwur.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://sip-bali.com/whos-the-boss/ |title=Christian Vanneque (1949 – 2015) |access-date=2015-11-08 |archive-date=2015-01-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150129183840/http://sip-bali.com/whos-the-boss/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === 10 === *[[John Angus (pangudi hak bocah)|John Angus]], 66, Sélandia Anyar, pangudi hak bocak, ''Children's Commissioner'' (2009–2011).<ref>[http://www.radionz.co.nz/news/national/263617/tribute-paid-to-ex-children's-commissioner Tribute paid to ex-Children's Commissioner]</ref> *[[Jorgelina Aranda]], 72, modèl lan aktris Argèntina (''[[Il Gaucho]]'').<ref>[http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0032986/ Jorgelina Aranda (I) (1942–2015)]</ref> *[[Robert Berner]], 79, ahli géologi lan géokimia AS.<ref>[http://news.yale.edu/2015/01/13/memoriam-robert-berner-giant-geology In memoriam: Robert Berner, a ‘giant of geology’]</ref> *[[Walter Berns]], 95, profèsor kukum konstitusi lan filsafat pulitik AS.<ref>[http://www.nationalreview.com/corner/396146/walter-berns-1919-2015-yuval-levin Walter Berns, 1919-2015]</ref> *[[Frans Bolweg]], 64, matrus lan palatih Walanda.<ref>[http://www.watersportverbond.nl/nieuws/2015/in-herinnering-frans-bolweg/ In herinnering Frans Bolweg] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150112002529/http://www.watersportverbond.nl/nieuws/2015/in-herinnering-frans-bolweg/ |date=2015-01-12 }} {{nl icon}}</ref> *[[Catherine Cando]], 19, kontèstan putri ayu Ékuador, cerebral edema.<ref>[http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2911424/Stunning-beauty-queen-driven-death-liposuction-evil-bullying-doctors-family-Ecuador-claims.html Death by liposuction: Hunt for doctor who 'killed stunning beauty queen by pestering her to go under the knife' in Ecuador even though she was NOT fat]</ref> *[[Brian Clemens]], 83, panulis skénario Britania (''[[Dr. Jekyll and Sister Hyde]]'') lan prodhuser télévisi (''[[The Avengers (sérial TV)|The Avengers]]'', ''[[The Professionals (sérial TV)|The Professionals]]'').<ref>[http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-30775352 Avengers and Professionals writer Brian Clemens dies]</ref> *[[Abed Daoudieh]], pulitikus Yordania, Mantri Urusan Agama lan Awqaf (1984).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://jordantimes.com/former-awqaf-minister-passes-away |title=Former awqaf minister passes away |access-date=2015-11-09 |archive-date=2015-01-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113074048/http://jordantimes.com/former-awqaf-minister-passes-away |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[George Dickerson]], 81, aktor AS (''[[Blue Velvet (filem)|Blue Velvet]]'', ''[[Hill Street Blues]]'').<ref>[http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/george-dickerson-dead-blue-velvet-764565 George Dickerson, Actor in David Lynch's 'Blue Velvet' Dies at 81]</ref> *[[James R. Dixon]], 86, ahli hèrpètologi AS<ref>[http://wfsc.tamu.edu/2015/01/16/memorial-service-for-dr-james-dixon/ Obituary James Dixon]</ref> *[[Tim Drummond]], 74, juru main bas AS ([[Bob Dylan]], [[Neil Young]]).<ref>[http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/6436533/tim-drummond-bassist-neil-young-csny-bob-dylan-dies-74 Tim Drummond, Bassist for Neil Young, CSNY, Dylan, Dies at 74]</ref> *[[Pierre-André Fournier]], 71, rohaniawan Katulik Roma Kanadha, Biskop Agung [[Rimouski]] (wiwit taun 2008).<ref>[http://catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bfourp.html Archbishop Pierre-André Fournier]</ref> *[[Elemér Hankiss]], 86, ahli sosiologi Honggari.<ref>[http://hvg.hu/itthon/20150110_Elhunyt_Hankiss_Elemer/ Meghalt Hankiss Elemér] {{hu icon}}</ref> *[[Maeve Hillery]], 91, fisikawan Irlandia.<ref>[http://www.independent.ie/irish-news/dr-maeve-hillery-wife-of-former-president-patrick-hillery-dies-aged-91-30900112.html Dr Maeve Hillery, the widow of former President Patrick Hillery, has died]</ref> *[[Jim Hogan (athlete)|Jim Hogan]], 81, pambalap jarak dawa Olimpiade Irlandia, jawara Éropa (1966).<ref>[http://www.irishtimes.com/sport/other-sports/former-olympian-jim-hogan-passes-away-1.2061945 Former Olympian Jim Hogan passes away]</ref> *[[Harry V. Jaffa]], 96, profèsor filsafat pulitik AS.<ref>[http://www.nationalreview.com/corner/396163/harry-jaffa-rip-yuval-levin Harry Jaffa, R.I.P.]</ref> *[[Annis Jensen]], 93, ahli sepatu rodha AS.<ref>[http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Roller-Derby-legend-Annis-Jensen-dies-at-93-6007358.php Roller Derby legend Annis Jensen dies at 93]</ref> *[[Frederik H. Kreuger]], 86, ngèlmuwan voltase dhuwur Walanda.<ref>[https://intranet.tudelft.nl/nl/ewi/nieuws/artikel/detail/profdrir-fh-fred-kreuger-overleden/ Prof.dr.ir. F.H. (Fred) Kreuger overleden] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150721162620/https://intranet.tudelft.nl/nl/ewi/nieuws/artikel/detail/profdrir-fh-fred-kreuger-overleden/ |date=2015-07-21 }} {{nl icon}}</ref> *[[Junior Malanda]], 20, juru main bal-balan Bèlgiar ([[VfL Wolfsburg]], [[Tim nasional bal-balan Bèlgia ngisor 21 taun|tim nasional ngisor 21 taun]]), tabrakan lalul lintas.<ref>[http://www.theguardian.com/football/2015/jan/10/wolfsburg-junior-malanda-killed-car-accident Wolfsburg player Junior Malanda dies aged 20 after car accident in Germany]</ref> *[[Marko Marin (profèsor)|Marko Marin]], 84, dirèktur téater lan ahli kagunan Slowén.<ref>[https://www.rtvslo.si/kultura/drugo/umrl-je-profesor-na-agrft-ju-marko-marin/355557 Umrl je profesor na AGRFT-ju Marko Marin] {{sl icon}}</ref> *[[Slobodan Martinović]], 70, juru main catur Serbia.<ref>[http://www.chessdom.com/in-memoriam-gm-slobodan-martinovic/ In Memoriam GM Slobodan Martinović]</ref> *[[Roger Moyer]], 80, pulitikus AS, Wali Kutha [[Annapolis, Maryland]] (1965–1973), lelara Parkinson.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.capitalgazette.com/news/ph-ac-cn-moyer-dies-0111-20150111,0,4367831,full.story |title=Roger 'Pip' Moyer dies: Former Annapolis mayor leaves rich legacy |access-date=2015-11-09 |archive-date=2015-04-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402090946/http://www.capitalgazette.com/news/ph-ac-cn-moyer-dies-0111-20150111%2C0%2C4367831%2Cfull.story |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Yoko Nagae Ceschina]], 82, tokoh filantropi musik klasik Jepang.<ref>[http://slippedisc.com/2015/01/valery-gergiev-loses-a-major-patron/ Valery Gergiev loses a major patron]</ref> *[[Taylor Negron]], 57, aktor lan juru lawak AS (''[[Angels in the Outfield (filem taun 1994)|Angels in the Outfield]]'', ''[[Fast Times at Ridgemont High]]'', ''[[Bio-Dome]]''), kanker.<ref>[http://deadline.com/2015/01/taylor-negron-dead-57-after-long-battle-with-cancer-1201346798/ Taylor Negron, Comedian & Actor, Dead At 57 After Long Battle With Cancer]</ref> *[[Margit Nünke]], 84, paragawati Jerman, aktris lan ratu ayu.<ref>[http://www.filmdienst.de/filmdienst-inhaltsangabe/einzelansicht/margit-nuenke15-11-1930%E2%80%89%E2%80%93%E2%80%8910-1-2015-,211873.html Margit Nünke (15.11.1930 – 10.1.2015)]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{de icon}}</ref> *[[George Probert]], 87, panyunting musik lan ahli musik jazz AS.<ref>[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/latimes/obituary.aspx?n=george-arthur-probert&pid=173870789#_ga=1.147511359.945379209.1370722832 George Arthur Probert Jr. Obituary]</ref> *[[Francesco Rosi]], 92, sutradara filem Italia (''[[The Mattei Affair]]'', ''[[Christ Stopped at Eboli (filem)|Christ Stopped at Eboli]]'', ''[[Salvatore Giuliano (filem)|Salvatore Giuliano]]'').<ref>[http://www.theguardian.com/film/2015/jan/11/francesco-rosi Francesco Rosi obituary]</ref> *[[Francis Simard]], 67, durjana lan tokoh révolusionèr lan aktivis Kanadha, aneurisme.<ref>[http://montrealgazette.com/news/local-news/former-flq-member-francis-simard-dies-at-67-according-to-a-report Former FLQ member Francis Simard dies at 67, according to a report]</ref> *[[Hans Stoiber]], 96, pujangga Ostenrik.<ref>[http://cdn.salzburg.com/nachrichten/fileadmin/php/snRubriken/snTrauer/images/hans_helmut_stoiber_968159-1.jpg Dr. Hans Helmut Stoiber] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150202002042/http://cdn.salzburg.com/nachrichten/fileadmin/php/snRubriken/snTrauer/images/hans_helmut_stoiber_968159-1.jpg |date=2015-02-02 }} {{de icon}}</ref> *[[Robert Stone (panulis)|Robert Stone]], 77, panulis AS (''[[Dog Soldiers (novèl)|Dog Soldiers]]''), lelara paru-paru buntet kronis.<ref>[http://www.jsonline.com/entertainment/national/novelist-robert-stone-known-for-dog-soldiers-dies-at-77f6526d06638a47d79bd9c4be41679e5a-288161401.html Novelist Robert Stone, known for 'Dog Soldiers' dies at 77]</ref> *[[Denis Tsygurov]], 43, juru main hoki ès profèsional Ruslan ([[Buffalo Sabres]], [[Los Angeles Kings]]).<ref>[http://itar-tass.com/sport/1689770 Хоккеист Денис Цыгуров, сын известного тренера Геннадия Цыгурова, умер в возрасте 43 лет] {{ru icon}}</ref> *[[Roger Wosahlo]], 67, juru main bal-balan Inggris ([[Peterborough United F.C.|Peterborough]]), kanker.<ref>[http://www.twtd.co.uk/ipswich-town-news/26567/former-blue-wosahlo-dies Former Blue Wosahlo Dies]</ref> === 11 === *[[Jenő Buzánszky]], 89, juru main bal-balan Honggari ([[Dorogi FC]], [[tim nasional bal-balan Honggari]]), jawara Olimpiade (1952), anggota pungkasan Tim Emas sing isih ngurip nganti tilar donya ing taun 2015 iki.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://uk.news.yahoo.com/jeno-buzanszky-last-mighty-magyars-dies-89-205840093.html#Ig2id8X |title=Jeno Buzanszky, last of the Mighty Magyars, dies at 89 |access-date=2015-11-09 |archive-date=2015-01-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150112013320/https://uk.news.yahoo.com/jeno-buzanszky-last-mighty-magyars-dies-89-205840093.html#Ig2id8X |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Doriemus]], 24, jaran misuwur Sélandia Anyar, pamenang [[Melbourne Cup]] (1995), dieutanasi sawisé kacilakan.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.racingnetwork.com.au/champion-stayer-doriemus-dies/tabid/83/newsid/23529/default.aspx |title=Champion stayer Doriemus dies |access-date=2015-11-09 |archive-date=2015-01-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150114005958/https://www.racingnetwork.com.au/champion-stayer-doriemus-dies/tabid/83/newsid/23529/default.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Anita Ekberg]], 83, aktris Swèdhen-Italia (''[[La Dolce Vita]]'', ''[[Paris Holiday]]'', ''[[Back from Eternity]]'').<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://in.reuters.com/article/2015/01/11/italy-ekberg-obituary-idINKBN0KK0D920150111 |title=Legendary "La Dolce Vita" actress Anita Ekberg dies at 83 |access-date=2015-11-09 |archive-date=2015-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150111223722/http://in.reuters.com/article/2015/01/11/italy-ekberg-obituary-idINKBN0KK0D920150111 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Chashi Nazrul Islam]], 73, prodhuser filem Bangladèsh (''[[Ora Egaro Jon]]'').<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://en.prothom-alo.com/bangladesh/news/57821/Chashi-Nazrul-Islam-passes-away |title=Chashi Nazrul Islam no more |access-date=2015-11-09 |archive-date=2015-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150111123059/http://en.prothom-alo.com/bangladesh/news/57821/Chashi-Nazrul-Islam-passes-away |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Chic Littlewood]], 84, pambiwara Sélandia Anyar kalairan Britania Raya lan aktor (''[[King Kong (2005 filem)|King Kong]]'', ''[[30 Days of Night (filem)|30 Days of Night]]'').<ref>[http://tvnz.co.nz/national-news/legendary-kiwi-entertainer-chic-littlewood-dies-6216985 Legendary Kiwi entertainer Chic Littlewood dies]{{Pranala mati|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> *[[Albert McPherson]], 87, juru main bal-balan Inggris ([[Walsall F.C.|Walsall]]) lan palatih ([[West Bromwich Albion F.C.|West Bromwich Albion]]).<ref>[https://uk.eurosport.yahoo.com/news/football-ex-baggies-coach-mcpherson-dies-155717024--sow.html Football - Ex-Baggies coach McPherson dies]</ref> *[[Vernon Benjamin Mountcastle]], 96, profèsor èmèritus AS ([[Johns Hopkins School of Medicine]]) lan ahli neurologi.<ref>[http://hub.jhu.edu/2015/01/13/vernon-mountcastle-obit Vernon Mountcastle, 'father of neuroscience' and longtime member of Johns Hopkins faculty, dies at 96]</ref> *[[Fritz Pott]], 75, juru main bal-balan Jerman lan palatih.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://world.news-round.com/died-at-the-age-of-75-years-fc-mourns-his-master-hero-fritz-pott/ |title=Died at the age of 75 years – FC mourns his master hero Fritz Pott |access-date=2015-11-09 |archive-date=2015-03-13 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150313092448/http://world.news-round.com/died-at-the-age-of-75-years-fc-mourns-his-master-hero-fritz-pott/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Bruno Visintin]], 82, juru tinju Italia, pamenang medhali prunggu Olimpiade (1952).<ref>[http://www.quotidiano.net/boxe-morto-visintin-1.567571 Boxe in lutto, è morto Bruno Visintin. Epici i suoi due incontri con Duilio Loi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151217205644/http://www.quotidiano.net/boxe-morto-visintin-1.567571 |date=2015-12-17 }} {{it icon}}</ref> *[[Ryszard Zub]], 80, juru main anggar Polen, medhali pirak Oliampiade (1956, 1960) lan prunggu(1964) medalist.<ref>[http://www.maestridischerma.it/content/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=317%3Ae-mancato-il-maestro-ryszard-zub&catid=51:necrologi&Itemid=99 E' mancato il Maestro Ryszard Zub] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150122201753/http://www.maestridischerma.it/content/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=317%3Ae-mancato-il-maestro-ryszard-zub&catid=51:necrologi&Itemid=99 |date=2015-01-22 }} {{it icon}}</ref> === 12 === *[[John Bayley (writer)|John Bayley]], 89, panulis lan kritikus sastra Britania.<ref>[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/11360441/John-Bayley.html John Bayley, scholar - obituary]</ref> *[[Bonnie Christensen]], 63, ilustrator lan panulis buku bocah AS, kanker ovaria garba.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://obituaries.wilsontimes.com/bonnie-christensen |title=Obituaries: Bonnie Christensen |access-date=2015-11-10 |archive-date=2015-02-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201181320/http://obituaries.wilsontimes.com/bonnie-christensen |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Germán Cobos]], 87, aktor Spanyol.<ref>[http://www.costadigital.es/html/actualidad.php?id=11152 Fallece el actor Germán Cobos] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305044942/http://costadigital.es/html/actualidad.php?id=11152 |date=2016-03-05 }} {{es icon}}</ref> *[[Trevor Colbourn]], 87, tokoh pawiyatan lan akadèmis Australia, Présidèn [[Universitas Central Florida]] (1978–1989).<ref>[http://knightnews.com/2015/01/former-ucf-president-trevor-colbourn-dies-at-87/ Former UCF President Trevor Colbourn Dies at 87]</ref> *[[James Naanman Daman]], 58, rohaniawan Katulik Roma Nigéria, Biskop [[Jalingo]] (2000–2007) lan [[Shendam]] (since 2007).<ref>[http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bdamanjn.html Bishop James Naanman Daman, O.S.A. †]</ref> *[[Stephen Gold]], 58, wartawan komputer saka Britania Raya, komplikasi operasi jantung.<ref>[http://www.theregister.co.uk/2015/01/13/steve_gold_obit/ '80s hacker turned journo, IT crime ace Steve Gold logs off]</ref> *[[Robert Gover]], 85, panulis AS.<ref>[http://capegazette.villagesoup.com/p/j-robert-gover-literary-mentor/1292397 J. Robert Gover, literary mentor]</ref> *[[John Hill (désainer dolanan)|John Hill]], 69, désainer dolanan AS.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://honor.americanheart.org/site/TR?pg=fund&fr_id=1030&pxfid=273683 |title=American Heart Association honor page for John Hill |access-date=2015-11-10 |archive-date=2015-01-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150118075559/http://honor.americanheart.org/site/TR?pg=fund&fr_id=1030&pxfid=273683 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Carl Long (bisbol)|Carl Long]], 79, juru main bisbol AS.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.witn.com/sports/headlines/Former-Negro-League-player-Carl-Long-dies-288338661.html |title=Former Negro League player Carl Long dies |access-date=2015-11-10 |archive-date=2015-01-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113043721/http://www.witn.com/sports/headlines/Former-Negro-League-player-Carl-Long-dies-288338661.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[William C. Martel]], 59, ngèlmuwan pulitik AS, kanker.<ref>[http://www.currentobituary.com/ShowObit.aspx?id=150409&member_id=5 William C. Martel]</ref> *[[A. J. Masters]], 64, panulis lagu lan panyanyi AS, kanker prostat.<ref>[http://www.tennessean.com/story/entertainment/music/2015/01/13/songwriter-aj-masters-co-wrote-change-mind-dies/21713079/ Songwriter A.J. Masters, who co-wrote ‘Change My Mind,’ dies]</ref> *[[Paul Morgan (rugby)|Paul Morgan]], 40, juru main rugby union lan liga rugby Wales.<ref>[http://www.walesrugbyleague.co.uk/article/12741/rip-paul-morgan RIP Paul Morgan]</ref> *[[Elena Obraztsova]], 75, mezzo-soprano Ruslan.<ref>[http://slippedisc.com/2015/01/just-in-towering-russian-singer-has-died/ Just in: Towering Russian singer has died]</ref> *[[Alex Omes]], 43, imprèsario kauripan wengi AS, salah sijining pangadeg [[Ultra Music Festival]].<ref>[http://www.miamiherald.com/news/local/obituaries/article6352869.html Ultra co-founder, Miami nightlife fixture Alex Omes dies at 43]</ref> *[[Gabriel Ramushwana]], 73, Jèndral Afrika Kidul, Kepala nagara [[Venda]] (1990–1994), kanker usus.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.jacarandafm.com/post/former-army-general-dies/ |title=Former army general dies |access-date=2015-11-10 |archive-date=2015-01-15 |archive-url=https://archive.is/20150115054127/http://www.jacarandafm.com/post/former-army-general-dies/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Ed Skinner]], 78, pulitikus AS lan sarjanan kukum, anggota DPRD [[Iowa]] (1969–1973).<ref>[http://www.desmoinesregister.com/story/news/politics/2015/01/13/attorney-democratic-activist-ed-skinner-dies/21676459/ Former Iowa state lawmaker Ed Skinner dies]</ref> *[[Inge Vermeulen]], 30, juru main hoki lapangan Walanda, kalairan Brazilia, nglalu ([[Tim nasional wanita hoki lapangan Walanda]]), jawara Éropa (2009).<ref>[http://www.ad.nl/ad/nl/30820/WK-Hockey/article/detail/3828351/2015/01/12/Hockeyster-Inge-Vermeulen-30-overleden.dhtml Hockeyster Inge Vermeulen (30) overleden] {{Flagicon|Walanda}}</ref><ref>[http://www.volkskrant.nl/sport/respect-voor-een-niet-te-bevatten-keuze~a3874959/ Respect voor een niet te bevatten keuze. Zelfmoord van een hockeykeepster] {{Flagicon|Walanda}}</ref> *[[Darrell Winfield]], 85, fotomodèl lan koboi AS, ''[[Marlboro Man]]'' (1968–1989).<ref>[http://www.upi.com/Top_News/US/2015/01/14/Darrell-Hugh-Winfield-long-serving-Marlboro-Man-dies-at-85/3591421285839/ Darrell Hugh Winfield, long-serving Marlboro Man, dies at 85]</ref> === 13 === *[[Robert Boon]], 98, aktor AS kalairan Walanda (''[[Queen of Blood]], [[Verboten!]], [[The Twilight Zone (1959 TV series)|The Twilight Zone]]'').<ref>[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/latimes/obituary.aspx?pid=173959033 Robert Boon]</ref> *[[Tony Ciprian]], 82, pambiwara ulah raga ing télévisi lan prodhuser télévisi Sélandia Anyar.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.3news.co.nz/nznews/veteran-sports-news-producer-tony-ciprian-dies-aged-82-2015011315 |title=Veteran sports news producer Tony Ciprian dies, aged 82 |access-date=2015-11-10 |archive-date=2015-02-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150207010311/http://www.3news.co.nz/nznews/veteran-sports-news-producer-tony-ciprian-dies-aged-82-2015011315 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Doug Cunningham (bal-balan gagrag Amérikah Sarékat)|Doug Cunningham]], 69, juru main bal-balan gagrag AS ([[Ole Miss Rebels football|Ole Miss Rebels]], [[San Francisco 49ers]]).<ref>[http://www.clarionledger.com/story/olemisssports/2015/01/13/ole-miss-doug-cunningham-hall-of-famer-dies/21712441/ Hall of Famer, Ole Miss great Doug Cunningham dies]</ref> *[[Ralph Faudree]], 75, matématikawan AS.<ref>[http://www.commercialappeal.com/news/local-news/former-university-of-memphis-provost-ralph-faudree-dies_62464890 Former University of Memphis provost Ralph Faudree dies]</ref> *[[Frank Glazer]], 99, juru main piano lan komponis AS.<ref>[http://www.pressherald.com/2015/01/13/maine-pianist-frank-glazer-dies-at-99/ Pianist & composer Frank Glazer dies]</ref> *[[Jack Hayward|Sir Jack Hayward]], 91, pangusaha, pangembang properti lan tokoh filantropi Inggris, sing nduwé [[Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C.|Wolverhampton Wanderers]].<ref>[http://www.theguardian.com/football/2015/jan/13/jack-hayward-owner-passes-away-wolves Former Wolves owner Sir Jack Hayward dies in Fort Lauderdale aged 91]</ref> *[[Mark Juddery]], 43, panulis lan wartawan Australia, kanker.<ref>[http://www.canberratimes.com.au/act-news/canberra-author-mark-juddery-dead-20150113-12n5pw.html Canberra author Mark Juddery dead]</ref> *[[H. Wesley Kenney]], 89, American television director and producer (''[[General Hospital]], [[All in the Family]]'', ''[[The Young and the Restless]]''), cardiac arrest.<ref>[http://deadline.com/2015/01/h-wesley-kenney-dead-days-of-our-lives-all-in-the-family-1201350547 H. Wesley Kenney Dies; TV Producer & Director Of Soaps, ‘All In The Family’]</ref> *[[Mike Marqusee]], 61, panulis lan aktivis AS, myeloma multipel.<ref>[http://www.mikemarqusee.com/?p=1663 Mike Marqusee 1953-2015]</ref> *[[Frank Mazzola]], 79, aktor filem AS lan panyunting (''[[Rebel Without a Cause]]'', ''[[Casablanca (filem)|Casablanca]]'', ''[[The Hunchback of Notre Dame (filem 1939)|The Hunchback of Notre Dame]]'').<ref>[http://deadline.com/2015/01/frank-mazzola-dies-rebel-without-a-cause-actor-cassablanca-1201354867/ Frank Mazzola Dies: ‘Rebel Without A Cause’ Actor And Film Editor Was 79]</ref> *[[Hara Patnaik]], 56, aktor lan prodhuser filem India, kanker.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.iamin.in/en/cuttack/news/veteran-odia-actor-and-director-hara-patnaik-passes-away-50298 |title=Veteran Odia actor and director Hara Patnaik passes away |access-date=2015-11-10 |archive-date=2015-01-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150114005023/http://www.iamin.in/en/cuttack/news/veteran-odia-actor-and-director-hara-patnaik-passes-away-50298 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Ronnie Ronalde]], 91, panyanyi Britania lan juru main peluit.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.islandfm.com/news/index.php?storyid=38891&s=6 |title=Ronnie Ronalde Passes Away |access-date=2015-11-10 |archive-date=2015-01-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150118213553/http://www.islandfm.com/news/index.php?storyid=38891&s=6 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Isabel Rosado]], 107, tokoh kamardikan Puerto Rico ([[Parté Nasionalis Puerto Rico]]).<ref>[http://www.nydailynews.com/news/politics/mark-viverito-condolences-death-puerto-rican-activist-article-1.2077562 Mark-Viverito tweets condolences on death of Puerto Rican nationalist who did jail time]</ref> *[[John H. Rubel]], 94, èksèkutif èlèktronis ''pertahanan'' AS.<ref>[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/santafenewmexican/obituary.aspx?pid=173867667 John H. Rubel Obituary]</ref> *[[Trevor Ward-Davies]], 70, juru main bas Britania ([[Dave Dee, Dozy, Beaky, Mick & Tich]]), cancer.<ref>[http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-wiltshire-30811311 Dozy, of Dave Dee, Dozy, Beaky, Mick and Tich, dies aged 70]</ref> *[[Bill Thompson (manager)|Bill Thompson]], 70, manajer talenta AS.<ref>[http://www.relix.com/news/detail/bill_thompson_manager_of_jefferson_airplane_jefferson_starship_and_hot_tuna_dies_at_70 Bill Thompson, Manager of Jefferson Airplane, Jefferson Starship and Hot Tuna, Dies at 70]</ref> *[[Robert White (Duta Agung)|Robert White]], 88, diplomat AS, Duta Agung kanggo Paraguay (1977–1980) lan El Salvador (1980–1981).<ref>[http://www.wsj.com/articles/former-ambassador-to-el-salvador-white-dies-at-88-1421280479 Former Ambassador to El Salvador White Dies at 88]</ref> *[[Jane Wilson]], 90, palukis AS.<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/20/arts/design/jane-wilson-artist-of-the-ethereal-dies-at-90.html?_r=0 Jane Wilson, Artist of the Ethereal, Dies at 90]</ref> *[[Keith Wright (pulitikus Australia)|Keith Wright]], 73, pulitikus Australia lan pamrakosa bocah sing dikukum, anggota parlemèn Australia kanggo Capricornia (1984–1993).<ref>[http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-01-13/disgraced-former-labor-leader-keith-wright-dies-in-vietnam/6014558 Disgraced former Queensland Labor leader Keith Wright dies in Vietnam]</ref> *[[Hillel Zaks]], 85, Rabi Israèl kalairan Polen.<ref>[http://www.theyeshivaworld.com/news/boruch-dayan-emmes/280382/levaya-of-hagon-harav-hillel-zaks-zatzal-rosh-hayeshiva-knesses-hagedolah.html Levaya Of Hagon HaRav Hillel Zaks ZATZAL]</ref> === 14 === *[[Mordechai Shmuel Ashkenazi]], 71, Rabi Israèl.<ref>[http://www.chabad.org/news/article_cdo/aid/2829975/jewish/Under-Somber-Skies-in-Israèl-Rabbi-Mordechai-Shmuel-Ashkenazi-Laid-to-Rest.htm Under Somber Skies in Israèl, Rabbi Mordechai Shmuel Ashkenazi Laid to Rest]</ref> *[[Bob Boyd (baskèt)|Bob Boyd]], 84, palatih baskèt AS ([[USC Trojans men's basketball|USC Trojans]]).<ref>[http://espn.go.com/mens-college-basketball/story/_/id/12169158/former-usc-trojans-basketball-coach-bob-boyd-dies-84 Former USC coach Bob Boyd dies]</ref> *[[Jerry Dempsey]], 81, pulitikus AS, anggota DPRD [[Minnesota]] (1992–2006).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.caturia-smidtfh.com/fh/obituaries/obituary.cfm?o_id=2906065&fh_id=11330 |title=Jerome R. Dempsey (April 21, 1933 - January 14, 2015) |access-date=November 10, 2015 |archive-date=January 19, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150119065734/http://www.caturia-smidtfh.com/fh/obituaries/obituary.cfm?o_id=2906065&fh_id=11330 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Lotte Hass]], 86, fotomodèl Ostenrik lan juru nyilem.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.divernet.com/home_diving_news/2722254/lotte_hass_dies.html |title=Lotte Hass dies |access-date=2015-11-10 |archive-date=2015-01-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150121153731/http://www.divernet.com/home_diving_news/2722254/lotte_hass_dies.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Val Holten]], 87, juru main krikèt Australia.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://cricketvictoria.com.au/news/article/vale-val-holten |title=Vale Val Holten |access-date=2015-11-10 |archive-date=2015-01-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150115061205/http://cricketvictoria.com.au/news/article/vale-val-holten |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Danny Malloy (juru main bal-balan)|Danny Malloy]], 84, juru main bal-balan Sekotlan ([[Cardiff City]], [[Dundee F.C.|Dundee]]).<ref>[http://www.walesonline.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/cardiff-city-promotion-winning-captain-8463031 Cardiff City promotion winning captain Danny Malloy dies, aged 84 - A tribute to say farewell to a Bluebirds legend]</ref> *[[Jerzy Holzer]], 84, sajarawan Polen.<ref>[http://wyborcza.pl/1,75478,17252144,Jerzy_Holzer_nie_zyje__Wybitny_historyk__dzialacz.html Jerzy Holzer nie żyje. Wybitny historyk, działacz opozycji. Miał 84 lata] {{pl icon}}</ref> *[[Susanto Pudjomartono]], 71, panyunting lan diplomat Indonésia, panyuntang utama kapindho ''[[The Jakarta Post]]'' (1991–2003), Duta Agung Indonésia ing Ruslan (2003–2008).<ref>[http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2015/01/14/former-editor-and-diplomat-susanto-pudjomartono-passes-away.html Former editor and diplomat Susanto Pudjomartono passes away]</ref> *[[Nélida Romero]], 88, aktris Argèntina.<ref>[http://www.ratingcero.com/notas/122982-murio-la-actriz-nelida-romero Murió la actriz Nélida Romero] {{es icon}}</ref> *[[Darren Shahlavi]], 42, aktor Inggris (''[[Night at the Museum]]'', ''[[Watchmen (filem)|Watchmen]]'', ''[[Ip Man 2]]'') lan ahli silat.<ref>[http://variety.com/2015/film/news/darren-shahlavi-dead-martial-artist-mortal-kombat-arrow-1201409852/ Darren Shahlavi, Martial Artist in ‘Mortal Kombat’ and ‘Arrow,’ Dies at 42]</ref> *[[Layne Tom Jr.]], 87, aktor AS ([[Charlie Chan|Charlie Chan series]]).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://hub.contactmusic.com/story/charlie-chan-actor-layne-tom-jr-dies_4580435 |title=Charlie Chan - Charlie Chan Actor Layne Tom Jr. Dies |access-date=2015-11-10 |archive-date=2015-02-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150212022117/http://hub.contactmusic.com/story/charlie-chan-actor-layne-tom-jr-dies_4580435 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Warren Weinstein]], 73, ahli ékonomi AS, kontraktor [[USAID]] diculik déning [[al-Qaeda]], kena serangan ''drone''.<ref name=weinstein>http://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/24/world/asia/2-qaeda-hostages-were-accidentally-killed-in-us-raid-white-house-says.html</ref> *[[Zhang Wannian]], 86, Jèndral Tiongkok.<ref>[http://china.cankaoxiaoxi.com/roll10/2015/0114/628836.shtml 中央军委原副主席张万年病逝 终年87岁] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181009022011/http://china.cankaoxiaoxi.com/roll10/2015/0114/628836.shtml |date=2018-10-09 }} {{zh icon}}</ref> === 15 === *[[Jean-Claude Baker]], 71, wong sing nduwé rèstoran ing AS kalairan Prancis, nglalu.<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/16/nyregion/jean-claude-baker-a-restaurateur-dies-at-71.html Jean-Claude Baker, a Restaurateur, Dies at 71]</ref> *[[Ludmila Brožová-Polednová]], 93, jaksa Céko, sing mèlu pangadilan éthok-éthok [[Milada Horáková]].<ref>[http://www.novinky.cz/domaci/359700-zemrela-ludmila-brozova-polednova-prokuratorka-z-procesu-s-miladou-horakovou.html Zemřela Ludmila Brožová-Polednová, prokurátorka z procesu s Miladou Horákovou] {{cs icon}}</ref> *[[Arnaldo Calveyra]], 85, pujangga Argèntina lan panulis roman, serangan jantung.<ref>[http://www.telam.com.ar/notas/201501/92181-arnaldo-calveyra-muerte-paris.html Murió el escritor entrerriano Arnaldo Calveyra a los 85 años, en París] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150118013757/http://www.telam.com.ar/notas/201501/92181-arnaldo-calveyra-muerte-paris.html |date=2015-01-18 }} {{es icon}}</ref> *[[Eugene E. Covert]], 88, insinyur dirgantara AS.<ref>[http://newsoffice.mit.edu/2015/former-aeroastro-head-air-force-chief-scientist-eugene-covert-dies-0120 Former AeroAstro head and Air Force chief scientist Eugene Covert dies at 88]</ref> *[[Ervin Drake]], 95, panulis lagu AS ("[[It Was a Very Good Year]]", "[[I Believe (1953 song)|I Believe]]", "[[Good Morning Heartache]]"), kanker kandhung kemih.<ref>[http://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/music/ervin-drake-songwriter-of-it-was-a-very-good-year-dies-at-95/2015/01/15/a7e1cae6-9cec-11e4-a7ee-526210d665b4_story.html Ervin Drake, songwriter of ‘It Was a Very Good Year,’ dies at 95]</ref> *[[Kim Fowley]], 75, prodhuser musik AS, manajer band ([[The Runaways]]), imprésario lan musikus, kanker kandhung kemih.<ref>[http://variety.com/2015/music/news/kim-fowley-music-impresario-and-runaways-manager-dies-at-75-1201406514/ Kim Fowley, Music Impresario and Runaways Manager, Dies at 75]</ref> *[[Alan Hirschfield]], 79, èksèkutif filem AS, CEO [[Columbia Pictures]] (1973–1978), pangrèh [[20th Century Fox]] (1982–1986).<ref>[http://variety.com/2015/film/news/alan-hirschfield-former-columbia-chief-exec-dies-at-79-1201408596/ Alan Hirschfield, Former Columbia Chief Exec, Dies at 79]</ref> *[[Anwarul Iqbal]], 64, pulitikus Banggaladésa (Bangladèsh) lan pangrèh pulisi, gagal jantung.<ref>[http://www.prothom-alo.com/bangladesh/article/425161/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95-%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%87 সাবেক উপদেষ্টা আনোয়ারুল ইকবাল আর নেই] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151226173146/http://www.prothom-alo.com/bangladesh/article/425161/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95-%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%87 |date=2015-12-26 }} {{bn icon}}</ref> *[[Archibald Kennedy, 8th Marquess of Ailsa]], 58, priyayi Sekotlan, pangrèh turunan [[Klan Kennedy]].<ref>[http://www.cosca.scot/ A Sad Announcement]</ref> *[[Ethel Lang (supercentenarian)|Ethel Lang]], 114, ''supercentenarian'' Britania, wong tuwa dhéwé (wiwit taun 2013), wong Britania pungkasan sing lair nalika isih jumenengé [[Ratu Victoria]].<ref>[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/howaboutthat/11349879/Britains-oldest-person-Ethel-Lang-dies-aged-114.html Britain's oldest person Ethel Lang dies aged 114]</ref> *[[Karel Lichtnégl]], 78, juru main bal-balan Céko.<ref>[http://brnensky.denik.cz/fotbal_region/zemrel-byvaly-fotbalovy-reprezentant-karel-lichtnegl-bylo-mu-78-let-20150116-ye8.html Zemřel bývalý fotbalový reprezentant Karel Lichtnégl. Bylo mu 78 let] {{cs icon}}</ref> *[[Jean Lindenmann]], 90, ahli virus lan immunologi Switserlan, salah sawijining panemu [[interferon]].<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/23/us/jean-lindenmann-made-interferon-his-lifes-work-is-dead-at-90.html?_r=0 Jean Lindenmann, Who Made Interferon His Life’s Work, Is Dead at 90]</ref> *[[Rimma Markova]], 89, aktris Ruslan.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://russkiymir.ru/en/news/183644/ |title=A Quiet Farewell for Rimma Markova |access-date=2015-11-13 |archive-date=2015-02-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150216034559/http://russkiymir.ru/en/news/183644/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Ray Nagel]], 87, juru main bal-balan gagrag AS ([[UCLA Bruins football|UCLA Bruins]]) lan palatih ([[Utah Utes football|Utah Utes]], [[Iowa Hawkeyes football|Iowa Hawkeyes]]).<ref>[http://espn.go.com/college-football/story/_/id/12208552/former-iowa-hawkeyes-utah-utes-coach-ray-nagel-dies-87 Former coach Ray Nagel dies at 87]</ref> *[[Chikao Ōtsuka]], 85, aktor swara Jepang (''[[Lupin III]]'', ''[[Yu-Gi-Oh!]]'', ''[[One Piece]]''), lelara jantung.<ref>[http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2015-01-16/voice-actor-chikao-ohtsuka-passes-away/.83348 Voice Actor Chikao Ohtsuka Passes Away]</ref> *[[Raoul Pantin]], 71, wartawan lan panulis Trinidad, panulis skénario (''[[Bim]]''), pasintas [[Kudéta Jamaat al Muslimeen]].<ref>[http://latino.foxnews.com/latino/lifestyle/2015/01/15/renowned-trinidadian-poet-and-journalist-raoul-pantin-dies/ Renowned Trinidadian poet and journalist Raoul Pantin dies]</ref> *[[Robert S. Pirie]], 80, pangacara AS.<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/29/business/robert-pirie-corporate-lawyer-dies-at-80.html?ref=obituaries&_r=0 Robert Pirie, Corporate Lawyer, Dies at 80]</ref> *[[Ignacio Posada]], 79, juru main anggar olimpiade Kolombia.<ref>[http://www.coc.org.co/2015/01/16/el-coc-lamenta-el-fallecimiento-del-esgrimsita-olimpico-ignacio-posada/ El COC lamenta el fallecimiento del esgrimista olímpico Ignacio Posada] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150219014309/http://www.coc.org.co/2015/01/16/el-coc-lamenta-el-fallecimiento-del-esgrimsita-olimpico-ignacio-posada/ |date=2015-02-19 }} {{es icon}}</ref> *[[Harvey Sweetman]], 93, juru anggegana Perang Donya II Sélandia Anyar.<ref>[http://www.stuff.co.nz/national/65150139/wwii-raf-squadron-leader-dies WWII RAF squadron leader dies]</ref> *[[Rameshwar Thakur]], 88, pulitikus India, Gubernur [[Odisha]] (2004–2006), [[Andhra Pradesh]] (2006–2007) lan [[Karnataka]] (2007–2009).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://odishasamaya.com/news/former-odisha-governor-rameshwar-thakur-passes-away |title=Former Odisha Governor Rameshwar Thakur passes away |access-date=2015-11-13 |archive-date=2015-02-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150205232801/http://odishasamaya.com/news/former-odisha-governor-rameshwar-thakur-passes-away |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Walter Westbrook (seniman)|Walter Westbrook]], 93, seniman Afrika Kidul.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://arttimes.co.za/walter-westbrook-august-3-1921-january-15-2015/ |title=Walter Westbrook August 3, 1921 – January 15, 2015 |access-date=November 13, 2015 |archive-date=January 18, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150118225534/http://arttimes.co.za/walter-westbrook-august-3-1921-january-15-2015/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Bob Wilson (wartawan ulah raga)|Bob Wilson]], 85, wartawan ulah raga AS ([[Boston Bruins]]).<ref>[http://www.wcvb.com/news/bob-wilson-longtime-bruins-announcer-dies-at-85/30773938 Bob Wilson, longtime Bruins announcer, dies at 85]</ref> *[[Joseph Mukasa Zuza]], 59, rohaniawan Katulik Roma Malawi, Biskop [[Mzuzu]] (wiwit 1995), kacilakan lalu lintas.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.malawitoday.com/news/133134-bishop-joseph-zuza-mzuzu-dies-car-crash |title=Bishop Joseph Zuza of Mzuzu dies in a car crash |access-date=2015-11-13 |archive-date=2015-02-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150202205617/http://www.malawitoday.com/news/133134-bishop-joseph-zuza-mzuzu-dies-car-crash |url-status=dead }}</ref> === 16 === *[[Miriam Akavia]], 87, panulis Israèl.<ref>[http://www.dziennikpolski24.pl/artykul/3719942,miriam-akavia-19272015,id,t.html?cookie=1 Miriam Akavia (1927-2015)]</ref> *[[Ian Athfield|Sir Ian Athfield]], 74, arsitèk Sélandia Anyar.<ref>[http://www.stuff.co.nz/national/65111371/renowned-architect-sir-ian-athfield-dies-age-74 Renowned architect Sir Ian Athfield dies, aged 74]</ref> *[[Mohamed Olow Barrow]], pulitikus Somalia.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://goobjoog.com/english/?p=8866 |title=President Hassan attends the funeral of the former minister |access-date=2015-11-10 |archive-date=2015-01-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150118220417/http://goobjoog.com/english/?p=8866 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Andrew Benson]], 97, ahli biologi AS.<ref>[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/utsandiego/obituary.aspx?n=andrew-benson&pid=173956530 Andrew Benson]</ref> *[[Vivaldo Frota]], 86, pulitikus Brazilia, Gubernur [[Amazonas]] (1990–1991).<ref>[http://new.d24am.com/noticias/amazonas/morre-vivaldo-frota-governador-amazonas/127623 Morre Vivaldo Frota, ex-governador do Amazonas] {{pt icon}}</ref> *[[Ted Harrison]], 88, panglukis Kanadha kalairan Britania.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.vancouversun.com/Harrison+famous+paintings+Canadian+North+dies/10736027/story.html |title=Ted Harrison, famous for paintings of Canadian North, dies at 88 |access-date=2015-11-10 |archive-date=2016-03-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160327202355/http://www.vancouversun.com/Harrison+famous+paintings+Canadian+North+dies/10736027/story.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Pedro María Iguaran]], 74, juru main bal-balan Spanyol ([[Real Sociedad]]).<ref>[http://www.realsociedad.com/document/view/eus/169/183102/fallece-pello-iguaran-arandia Pello Iguaran Arandia hil da] {{es icon}}</ref> *[[Patrick Journoud]], 50, atlit Olimpiade Prancis ([[Athletics at the 1988 Summer Olympics|1988]]).<ref>[http://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/jo/patrick-journoud-1.html Patrick Journoud]</ref> *[[Stuart Loory]], 82, wartawan AS lan èksèkutif média ([[CNN]]), kanker paru-paru.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.wptv.com/news/national/stuart-loory-consummate-journalist-and-former-cnn-reporter-passes-away |title=Stuart Loory: 'Consummate' journalist and former CNN reporter passes away |access-date=2015-11-10 |archive-date=2015-02-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150206212929/http://www.wptv.com/news/national/stuart-loory-consummate-journalist-and-former-cnn-reporter-passes-away |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Ray Lumpp]], 91, juru main baskèt AS ([[New York Knicks]]), juwara Olimpiade (1948).<ref>[http://www.foxsports.com/nba/story/new-york-knicks-olympian-ray-lumpp-dies-at-91-011615 Former Knicks player, US Olympian Lumpp dies at 91]</ref> *[[Luis Marsans]], 84, panglukis Spanyol.<ref>[http://www.lavanguardia.com/cultura/20150117/54423460861/luis-marsans.html Muere Luis Marsans] {{es icon}}</ref> *[[Louis Martin (weightlifter)|Louis Martin]], 78, juru angkat halter Britania katurunan Jamaika, medali pirak Olimpiade (1964) lan prunggu (1960).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.derbytelegraph.co.uk/Tributes-Derby-s-champion-weightlifter-hero-Louis/story-25885303-detail/story.html |title=Louis Martin: Tributes to Derby's champion weightlifter and hero |access-date=2015-11-10 |archive-date=2015-01-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123071223/http://www.derbytelegraph.co.uk/Tributes-Derby-s-champion-weightlifter-hero-Louis/story-25885303-detail/story.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Ghelubhai Nayak]], 91, aktivis pulitik India.<ref>[http://deshgujarat.com/2015/01/16/father-figure-of-tribal-dang-region-of-gujarat-ghelubhai-nayak-passes-away/ Father figure of tribal Dang region of Gujarat Ghelubhai Nayak passes away]</ref> *[[Walter Peregoy]], 89, juru animasi AS (''[[The Jungle Book (filem taun 1967)|The Jungle Book]]'', ''[[Sleeping Beauty (filem taun 1959)|Sleeping Beauty]]'', ''[[Mary Poppins (filem)|Mary Poppins]]'', ''[[The Sword in the Stone (filem)|The Sword in the Stone]]'').<ref>[http://www.cartoonbrew.com/rip/walt-peregoy-101-dalmatians-color-stylist-rip-108028.html Walt Peregoy, ’101 Dalmatians’ Color Stylist, RIP]</ref> *[[Tony Ridler]], 59, juru main dart Wales.<ref>[http://www.southwalesargus.co.uk/news/gwentnews/10981950.Friends_and_family_pay_tribute_to_Newport_darts__genius_/ Friends and family pay tribute to Newport darts 'genius']</ref> *[[Faith Seidenberg]], 91, ahli kukum lan aktivis hak warga AS.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://law.syr.edu/news_events/news/syracuse-law-remembers-alumna-faith-seidenberg |title=Syracuse Law Remembers Alumna Faith Seidenberg |access-date=2015-11-10 |archive-date=2015-02-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150206212802/https://law.syr.edu/news_events/news/syracuse-law-remembers-alumna-faith-seidenberg |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Yao Beina]], 33, panyanyi China, kanker payudara.<ref>[http://www.china.org.cn/arts/2015-01/16/content_34580238.htm Pop singer Yao Beina dies at 33]</ref> === 17 === *[[Bruno Ballarini]], 77, juru main bal-balan Italia ([[Calcio Como]]).<ref>[http://www.laprovinciadicomo.it/stories/Sport/addio-ballarini-il-capitano_1100092_11/ Addio Ballarini, il capitano] {{it icon}}</ref> *[[Joseph Brannigan]], 83, pulitikus AS, anggota Sénat [[Maine]] (2006–2012).<ref>[https://bangordailynews.com/2015/01/18/news/portland/former-state-legislator-joe-brannigan-dies-at-83/ Former state legislator Joe Brannigan dies at 83]</ref> *[[Ken Furphy]], 83, juru main bal-balan Inggris lan manajer ([[Watford F.C.|Watford]]).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.watfordfc.com/news/article/150119-watford-fc-ken-furphy-2213166.aspx |title=Ken Furphy Passes Away |access-date=2015-11-13 |archive-date=2015-01-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123214645/http://www.watfordfc.com/news/article/150119-watford-fc-ken-furphy-2213166.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Gobinda Halder]], 84, panulis lagu lan komponis India, gagal ginjel.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.kollytalk.com/national/indian-lyricist-bangladesh-liberation-war-dies-210669.html |title=Indian lyricist of Bangladesh Liberation War dies |access-date=2015-11-13 |archive-date=2015-12-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151226014702/http://www.kollytalk.com/national/indian-lyricist-bangladesh-liberation-war-dies-210669.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Faten Hamama]], 83, aktris Mesir (''[[The Angel of Mercy (filem 1946)|The Angel of Mercy]]'', ''[[Wajh al-Qamar]]'').<ref>[http://english.alarabiya.net/en/life-style/entertainment/2015/01/17/DNPY-Egyptian-actress-Faten-Hamama-dies.html Iconic Egyptian actress Faten Hamama dies]</ref> *[[Don Harron]], 90, palawak, aktor lan panulis Kanadha (''[[Hee Haw]], [[The Big Revue]]''), kanker.<ref>[http://news.nationalpost.com/2015/01/17/don-harron-legendary-canadian-actor-who-played-charlie-farquharson-dies-at-90/ Don Harron, legendary Canadian actor who played Charlie Farquharson, dies at 90]</ref> *[[Kazumasa Hirai (author)|Kazumasa Hirai]], 76, panulis manga Jepang (''[[8 Man]]'', ''[[Genma Taisen]]'', ''[[Wolf Guy]]'').<ref>[http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2015-01-17/genma-taisen-rebirth-writer-harmagedon-8-man-creator-kazumasa-hirai-passes-away/.83397 Genma Taisen Rebirth Writer: Harmagedon/8 Man Creator Kazumasa Hirai Passes Away]</ref> *[[Fritz C. Holte]], 89, ahli ékonomi Nurwègen.<ref>[https://snl.no/Fritz_Christian_Holte Fritz Christian Holte] {{no icon}}</ref> *[[Justin Kili]], 61, wartawan Papua Nugini lan tokoh média.<ref>[http://news.pngfacts.com/2015/01/one-of-pngs-pioneer-médhia-personality.html One of PNG's pioneer médhia personality Justin Kili passess on ]</ref> *[[Rebecca D. Lockhart]], 46, pulitikus AS, Pangrèh DPRD [[Utah]] (wiwit 2011), [[lelara Creutzfeldt-Jakob]].<ref>[http://www.sltrib.com/news/2068570-155/becky-lockhart-history-making-utah-lawmaker-dies Becky Lockhart, history-making Utah lawmaker, dies at 46]</ref> *[[Henry Manne]], 86, tokoh akadémi kukum lan ékonomi AS.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://leiterlawschool.typepad.com/leiter/2015/01/in-memoriam-henry-g-manne-1928-2015.html |title=In Memoriam: Henry G. Manne (1928-2015) |access-date=2015-11-13 |archive-date=2015-05-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150530010532/http://leiterlawschool.typepad.com/leiter/2015/01/in-memoriam-henry-g-manne-1928-2015.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Roderick McDonald (basketball)|Roderick McDonald]], 69, juru main baskèt AS ([[Utah Stars]]).<ref>[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/mercurynews/obituary.aspx?pid=173948133 Roderick McDonald obituary]</ref> *[[Terence Miller]], 96, ahli paléontologi Britania Raya.<ref>[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/11374920/Professor-Terence-Miller-palaeontologist-obituary.html Professor Terence Miller, palaeontologist - obituary]</ref> *[[Origa]], 44, panyanyi Ruslan (''[[Ghost in the Shell: Stand Alone Complex]]''), kanker paru-paru.<ref>[http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2015-01-18/ghost-in-the-shell-singer-origa-passes-away/.83416 Ghost in the Shell Singer Origa Passes Away]</ref> *[[Mary Evelyn Parker]], 94, pulitikus AS, artaka Praja Louisiana (1968–1987), komplikasi serangan jantung.<ref>[http://www.wafb.com/story/27877168/first-woman-elected-as-louisiana-treasurer-dies-at-94 First woman elected as Louisiana treasurer dies at 94]</ref> *[[David E. Paulson]], 83, pulitikus AS, anggota [[Wisconsin State Assembly]] kanggo 28th District (1978–1986).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.williamsonwhite.com/fh/obituaries/obituary.cfm?o_id=2920618&fh_id=12166 |title=David Earl Paulson |access-date=2015-11-13 |archive-date=2015-12-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151227062245/http://www.williamsonwhite.com/fh/obituaries/obituary.cfm?o_id=2920618&fh_id=12166 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Greg Plitt]], 37, palatih fitnès AS (''[[Work Out]]'') lan aktor (''[[Grudge Match (filem)|Grudge Match]]'', ''[[Terminator Salvation]]'', ''[[Bobby (filem 2006)|Bobby]]''), ketabrak sepur.<ref>[http://losangeles.cbslocal.com/2015/01/17/man-struck-killed-by-metrolink-train-in-burbank/ Reality TV Star Struck, Killed By Metrolink Train In Burbank]</ref> *[[Bill Sykes (pendhéta)|Bill Sykes]], 75, panulis lan pendhéta Inggris.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.univ.ox.ac.uk/Billsykes |title=Revd W. G. D. Sykes, MA, Fellow and Chaplain |access-date=2015-11-13 |archive-date=2015-01-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123201120/http://www.univ.ox.ac.uk/Billsykes |url-status=dead }}</ref> === 18 === * [[Ang Kiem Soei]], 55, durjana Walanda kalairan Indonésia/Hindia Walanda, lan limang durjana liyané dièksékusi Pamaréntah Indonésia.<ref>[http://news.liputan6.com/read/2162546/ini-protes-pengacara-terpidana-mati-ang-kiem-soei Ini Protes Pengacara Terpidana Mati Ang Kiem Soei]</ref><ref>[http://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2015/01/17/ang-kiem-soei-geexecuteerd Nederlander Ang geëxecuteerd in Indonesië - ambassadeur teruggeroepen]</ref> *[[Mohammad Ali Allahdadi]], 52, Jèndral Angkatan Dharat Iran, serangan udara.<ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-30882935 Iran general died in 'Israèli strike' in Syrian Golan]</ref> <!--B-->*[[Dorothy Barnes Pelote]], 85, pulitikus AS, anggota DPRD [[Georgia]] (1993–2003).<ref>[http://www.myfoxal.com/story/27880043/former-georgia-state-house-representative-dorothy-pelote-dies-at-85 Former Georgia State House Representative Dorothy Pelote dies at 85]</ref> *[[José Carrasco]], 70, pulitikus Péru.<ref>[http://www.larepublica.pe/16-01-2015/fallecio-jose-carrasco-tavara-ex-ministro-aprista Falleció José Carrasco Távara, ex ministro aprista] {{es icon}}</ref> *[[Vinay V. Deodhar]], 66, matématikawan India.<ref>[http://www.indiana.edu/~asnews/news-release/558.html Professor Vinay Deodhar dies at 66]</ref> *[[Maurice Dumas]], 87, pulitikus Kanadha, anggota Parlemèn Kanadha kanggo [[Argenteuil—Papineau—Mirabel]] (1993–2000).<ref>[http://www.fil-information.gouv.qc.ca/Pages/Article.aspx?aiguillage=ajd&type=1&idArticle=2301205722 Le Parti Québécois rend hommage à l'ex-député Maurice Dumas]{{Pranala mati|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{fr icon}}</ref> *[[Cynthia Layne]], 51, panyanyi Jazz Amérikah Sarékat, kanker.<ref>[http://www.indystar.com/story/entertainment/music/2015/01/19/cynthia-layne-indianapolis-jazz-kitchen-owl-records-super-bowl/21997893/ Vocalist Cynthia Layne remembered for talent, courage]</ref> *[[Grazia Livi]], 84, wartawan lan panulis Italia, pamenang [[Viareggio Prize]].<ref>[http://www.lastampa.it/2015/01/19/edizioni/alessandria/lutto-per-la-morte-di-grazia-livi-scrittrice-e-saggista-verr-sepolta-nel-paese-che-amava-CmJCkyhjEPwBYRtHQTGexO/pagina.html Lutto per la morte di Grazia Livi, scrittrice e saggista: verrà sepolta nel paese che amava] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150122151145/http://www.lastampa.it/2015/01/19/edizioni/alessandria/lutto-per-la-morte-di-grazia-livi-scrittrice-e-saggista-verr-sepolta-nel-paese-che-amava-CmJCkyhjEPwBYRtHQTGexO/pagina.html |date=2015-01-22 }} {{it icon}}</ref> *[[D. C. McNeil]], 87, pulitikus Kanadha.<ref>[http://thechronicleherald.ca/novascotia/1263790-dugger-mcneil-dies-after-%E2%80%98great-life%E2%80%99-on-the-ice-in-politics-and-in-business Dugger McNeil dies after ‘great life’ on the ice, in politics and in business]</ref> *[[Alberto Nisman]], 51, jaksa Argèntina ([[pangeboman AMIA]]), katoné nglalu déné témbakan gaman geni.<ref>[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/southamerica/argentina/11354521/Argentine-prosecutor-who-accused-Cristina-Kirchner-over-1994-bombings-found-dead.html Argentine prosecutor who accused Cristina Kirchner over 1994 bombings found dead]</ref> *[[Paul O'Grady (pulitikus)|Paul O'Grady]], 54, pulitikus Australia, anggota ''[[New South Wales Legislative Council]]'' (1988–1996), kanker.<ref>[http://www.smh.com.au/nsw/first-openly-gay-state-mp-paul-ogrady-dies-in-sydney-20150118-12sm40.html First openly gay state MP Paul O'Grady dies in Sydney]</ref> *[[Muna Obiekwe]], 36, aktor Nigéria, lelara ginjel.<ref>[http://allafrica.com/stories/201501200176.html Nigeria: Entertainers React to Death of Actor, Muna Obiekwe]</ref> *[[Pietro Pianta]], 74, juru main bal-balan Italia.<ref>[http://www.ansa.it/sito/notizie/sport/calcio/2015/01/19/e-morto-lex-portiere-pietro-pianta_30589d93-40aa-4327-9a60-4bcc1faa7522.html E' morto l'ex portiere Pietro Pianta] {{it icon}}</ref> *[[June Randall]], 87, pangawas skrip Britania (''[[The Spy Who Loved Me (filem)|The Spy Who Loved Me]]'', ''[[A Clockwork Orange (filem)|A Clockwork Orange]]'', ''[[The Shining (filem)|The Shining]]'').<ref>[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/11441807/June-Randall-script-supervisor-obituary.html June Randall, script supervisor - obituary]</ref> *[[Piet van der Sanden]], 90, pulitikus Walanda, anggota [[Parlemèn Walanda]] (1971–1972, 1973–1989), anggota [[Parlemèn Éropa]] (1973–1974).<ref>[http://www.parlement.com/id/vjqqhw8i5fs6/nieuws/voormalig_kvp_en_cda_tweede_kamerlid Voormalig KVP- en CDA-Tweede Kamerlid Piet van der Sanden overleden] {{nl icon}}</ref> *[[Milt Schoon]], 92, juru main baskèt AS ([[Sheboygan Red Skins]]).<ref>[http://www.walworthcountytoday.com/20150121/milton_w_schoon_janesville_wi_1922_2015 Milton W. Schoon, Janesville, WI (1922-2015)]</ref> *[[Harish Chandra Srivastava]], 90, pulitikus India.<ref>[http://indianexpress.com/article/india/politics/senior-bjp-leader-harish-chandra-srivastava-passes-away/ Senior BJP leader Harish Chandra Srivastava passes away]</ref> *[[Yasuaki Taiho]], 51, juru main bisbol Jepang kalairan Taiwan ([[Chunichi Dragons]], [[Hanshin Tigers]]), léukémia myeloid akut.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://mainichi.jp/english/english/newsselect/news/20150120p2g00m0sp023000c.html |title=Taiwanese-born ballplayer Taiho dies of leukemia at age 51 |access-date=2015-11-13 |archive-date=2015-01-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150120044448/http://mainichi.jp/english/english/newsselect/news/20150120p2g00m0sp023000c.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Dallas Taylor (juru main drum)|Dallas Taylor]], 66, juru main drum AS ([[Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young]]).<ref>[http://variety.com/2015/music/news/dallas-taylor-former-crosby-stills-nash-young-drummer-dies-at-66-1201408369/# Dallas Taylor, Former Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young Drummer, Dies at 66]</ref> *[[Christine Valmy]], 88, ahli kosmètika AS kalairan Rumania.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.romania-insider.com/romania-born-cosmetics-queen-christine-valmy-dies-at-88/139966/ |title=Romania-born “Cosmetics Queen” Christine Valmy dies at 88 |access-date=2015-11-13 |archive-date=2015-01-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150121055902/http://www.romania-insider.com/romania-born-cosmetics-queen-christine-valmy-dies-at-88/139966/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Tony Verna]], 81, prodhuser télévisi AS, panemu ''[[instant replay]]'', léukemia.<ref>[http://losangeles.cbslocal.com/2015/01/18/tony-verna-inventor-of-instant-replay-dies-at-81/ Tony Verna, Inventor Of Instant Replay, Dies At 81]</ref> *[[Kjell Arnljot Wig]], 90, tokoh média Nurwègen.<ref>[http://www.vg.no/rampelys/tv/nrk/kjell-arnljot-wig-er-doed/a/23376678/ Kjell Arnljot Wig er død] {{no icon}}</ref> === 19 === *[[John Bilezikjian]], 66, musikus ''[[oud]]'' Arménia, lelara ginjel.<ref>[http://www.latimes.com/local/obituaries/la-me-john-bilezikjian-20150128-story.html Musician John Bilezikjian dies at 66; master of the Middle Eastern oud]</ref> *[[Rose Marie Brown]], 95, kontèstan putri ayu kacantikan AS, [[Miss Virginia]] (1939).<ref>[http://www.suffolknewsherald.com/2015/01/26/former-miss-virginia-from-suffolk-dies/ Former Miss Virginia from Suffolk dies]</ref> *[[Justin Capră]], 81, panemu Rumania.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ctvnews.ca/sci-tech/romanian-who-claimed-to-invent-world-s-first-jetpack-dies-1.2197150 |title=Romanian who claimed to invent world's first jetpack dies |access-date=2015-11-13 |archive-date=2023-04-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230425211316/https://www.ctvnews.ca/sci-tech/romanian-who-claimed-to-invent-world-s-first-jetpack-dies-1.2197150 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Gordon Dickson (atlit)|Gordon Dickson]], 83, ulah ragawan layu maraton Kanadha.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.obitsforlife.com/obituary/1036193/Dickson-Gordon.php |title=Gordon Dickson Obituary |access-date=2015-11-13 |archive-date=2015-02-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150203141337/http://www.obitsforlife.com/obituary/1036193/Dickson-Gordon.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Adam Yahiye Gadahn]], 36, tokoh [[al-Qaeda]] AS, serangan drone.<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/24/world/asia/2-qaeda-hostages-were-accidentally-killed-in-us-raid-white-house-says.html Obama Apologizes After Drone Kills American and Italian Held by Al Qaeda]</ref> *[[Vera Gornostayeva]], 85, juru main lan guru piano Ruslan.<ref>[http://slippedisc.com/2015/01/eminent-russian-piano-teacher-has-died/ Eminent Russian piano teacher has died]</ref> *[[Michel Guimond]], 61, pulitikus Kanadha, anggota parlemèn kanggo [[Montmorency—Charlevoix—Haute-Côte-Nord]] (1993–2011), heart failure.<ref>[http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/michel-guimond-ex-bloc-mp-dies-of-heart-failure-at-61-1.2918085 Michel Guimond, ex-Bloc MP, dies of heart failure at 61]</ref> *[[José María Hernández González]], 88, rohaniawan Katulik Roma Mèksiko, Biskop [[Chilapa]] (1983–1989) lan [[Netzahualcóyotl]] (1989–2003).<ref>[http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bhego.html Bishop José María Hernández González]</ref> *[[Oscar Hayes]], 47, musikus gospèl AS.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://praise1027detroit.hellobeautiful.com/549878/home-going-service-details-for-pastor-oscar-hayes/ |title=Home-going Service Details for Pastor Oscar Hayes |access-date=2015-11-13 |archive-date=2015-04-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150413054127/http://praise1027detroit.hellobeautiful.com/549878/home-going-service-details-for-pastor-oscar-hayes/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Arthit Kamlang-ek]], 89, Jèndral Thailand, [[List of Commanders of the Royal Thai Armed Forces Headquarters|Supreme Commander]] of the [[Royal Thai Armed Forces]] (1983–1986).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nationmultimedia.com/breakingnews/Former-Army-chief-Gen-Arthit-dies-at-89-30252171.html |title=Former Army chief Gen Arthit dies at 89 |access-date=2015-11-13 |archive-date=2015-01-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150121171548/http://www.nationmultimedia.com/breakingnews/Former-Army-chief-Gen-Arthit-dies-at-89-30252171.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Vladimir Kesarev]], 84, juru main bal-balan Ruslan ([[FC Dynamo Moscow|Dynamo Moscow]]).<ref>[http://www.rusteam.permian.ru/players/kesarev.html Владимир КЕСАРЕВ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200116114216/http://www.rusteam.permian.ru/players/kesarev.html |date=2020-01-16 }} {{ru icon}}</ref> *[[Anne Kirkbride]], 60, aktris Britania Raya (''[[Coronation Street]]''), kanker payudara.<ref>[http://www.itv.com/coronationstreet/news/anne-kirkbride Anne Kirkbride]</ref> *[[Rajni Kothari]], 85, ngèlmuwan pulitik India.<ref>[http://netindian.in/news/2015/01/19/00032268/eminent-political-scientist-rajni-kothari-passes-away Eminent political scientist Rajni Kothari passes away]</ref> *[[Robert Manzon]], 97, pambalap Formula One Prancis, pasintas pungkasan Kajawaran Kapisan Formula One.<ref>[http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-01-20/robert-manzon-last-racer-from-formula-ones-debut-season-dies/6026686 Formula One: French driver Robert Manzon, the last of the racers from F1's first season in 1950, dies at 97]</ref> *[[Mark Marquess (hoki ès)|Mark Marquess]], 89, juru main hoki ès Kanadha ([[Boston Bruins]]).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.telfordschapel.com/runtime.php?NavigatorId=162955&SiteId=33377&ItemId=2034563 |title=Mark Marquess' Obituary |access-date=2015-11-13 |archive-date=2015-02-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150206033921/http://www.telfordschapel.com/runtime.php?NavigatorId=162955&SiteId=33377&ItemId=2034563 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Reinaldo Oliver]], 82, ulah ragawan balang tumbak Puèrto Riko lan atlit olimpiade (1952, 1956).<ref>[http://www.primerahora.com/deportes/otros/nota/falleceelliderdeportivoreynaldopochioliver-1060069/ Fallece el líder deportivo Reynaldo “Pochi” Oliver] {{es icon}}</ref> *[[Karl H. Pribram]], 95, tokoh pawiyatan lan ahli néurologi AS kalairan Ostenrik, kanker.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.karlpribram.com/karl-pribram-1919-2015/ |title=Karl Pribram 1919-2015 |access-date=2015-11-13 |archive-date=2015-02-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201191224/http://www.karlpribram.com/karl-pribram-1919-2015/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Bob Sadino]], pangusaha Indonésia.<ref>[http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2015/01/20/eccentric-entrepreneur-bob-sadino-dies-75.html Eccentric entrepreneur Bob Sadino dies at 81]</ref> *[[Ward Swingle]], 87, musikus AS ([[The Swingle Singers]], [[Les Double Six]]).<ref>[http://slippedisc.com/2015/01/the-founding-swingle-singer-has-died/ Sad news: The founding Swingle Singer has died]</ref> *[[Bob Symes]], 90, panemu lan pambiwara Britania Raya.<ref>[http://grahammuz.com/2015/01/19/rip-bob-symes-1924-2015/ RIP Bob Symes 1924 – 2015]</ref> *[[Reies Tijerina]], 88, aktivis ''[[chicano]]'' AS.<ref>[http://www.latimes.com/local/obituaries/la-me-reies-lopez-tijerina-20150123-story.html Reies Lopez Tijerina dies at 88; Chicano rights movement leader]</ref> *[[Gene S. Walker, Sr.]], 88, pangusaha AS lan wong sing nduwé paternakan.<ref>[http://www.lmtonline.com/front-news/article_505aa17c-a0dd-11e4-a4b0-8bc85872181d.html Well-known rancher Gene S. Walker Sr. has died]</ref> *[[Peter Wallenberg, Sr.]], 88, bankir lan industrialis Swèdhen, batrik [[Kulawarga Wallenberg]].<ref>[http://www.latimes.com/local/obituaries/la-me-peter-wallenberg-20150120-story.html Peter Wallenberg dies at 88; head of dynasty compared to Rockefellers]</ref> === 20 === *[[Canserbero]], 26, musikus rap Vènèzuéla, nglalu déné mencolot.<ref>[http://www.latinpost.com/articles/32881/20150120/ak-canserbero-dead-rapper-tirone-gonz%C3%A1lez-cause-death-reportedly-suicide.htm AK Canserbero Dead: Rapper Tirone González Cause of Death Reportedly Suicide Following Alleged Murder of Zion TPL Bassist]</ref> *[[James L. Fowler]], 84, vètèran militèr AS, sing ngedegaké [[Marine Corps Marathon]].<ref>[http://www.marinecorpstimes.com/story/military/2015/01/22/james-fowler-marine-corps-marathon-founder-dies/22161061/ Colonel behind Marine Corps Marathon dies]</ref> *[[Edgar Froese]], 70, musikus Jerman ([[Tangerine Dream]]), embolisme paru-paru.<ref>[http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/6450793/tangerine-dream-edgar-froese-dies Tangerine Dream Founder Edgar Froese Dead at 70]</ref> *[[Melvin Gordon (pangusaha)|Melvin Gordon]], 95, èksèkutif bisnis AS, CEO [[Tootsie Roll Industries]] (wiwit 1962).<ref>[http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2015-01-21/tootsie-roll-s-95-year-old-ceo-dies-his-wife-takes-the-reins.html Tootsie Roll's 95-Year-Old CEO Dies; His Wife Takes Reins]</ref> *[[Lawrence Hogben]], 98, prawira angkatan sagara lan ahli météorologi Sélandia Anyar.<ref>[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/11449835/Lawrence-Hogben-D-Day-meteorologist-obituary.html Lawrence Hogben obituary]</ref> *[[Anatol Hrytskievich]], 85, sajarawan Bélarus.<ref>[http://www.svaboda.org/content/article/26804308.html Памёр Анатоль Грыцкевіч] {{be icon}}</ref> *[[Graeme Hugo]], 68, ahli démografi lan géografi Australia, kanker.<ref>[http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-01-20/graeme-hugo-demographer-and-academic-dies-aged-68/6028850 Graeme Hugo, distinguished demographer and academic, dies aged 68]</ref> *[[Herman E. Lauhoff]], 81, pulitikus AS, anggota DPRD [[Texas]] (1974&ndash;1981).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://obits.dignitymemorial.com/dignity-memorial/obituary.aspx?n=Herman-Lauhoff&lc=7469&pid=173936158&mid=6290656 |title=Herman Lauhoff Obituary |access-date=2015-11-13 |archive-date=2016-03-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303220918/http://obits.dignitymemorial.com/dignity-memorial/obituary.aspx?n=Herman-Lauhoff&lc=7469&pid=173936158&mid=6290656 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Rose Marie McCoy]], 92, panulis AS ("[[It Hurts Me to My Heart]]", "[[Don't Be Angry]]", "[[Tryin' to Get to You]]", "[[It's Gonna Work Out Fine]]").<ref>[http://www.news-gazette.com/obituaries/2015-01-29/rose-mccoy.html Rose McCoy]</ref> *[[Gloria D. Miklowitz]], 87, panulis AS.<ref>[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/latimes/obituary.aspx?pid=173959040 Gloria D. Miklowitz]</ref> *[[Wilfride Piollet]], 71, juru main balèt lan ahli koréografi Prancis, kanker.<ref>[http://www.lemonde.fr/disparitions/article/2015/01/27/mort-de-wilfride-piollet-etoile-de-l-opera-de-paris_4564630_3382.html Mort de Wilfride Piollet, étoile de l’Opéra de Paris] {{fr icon}}</ref> *[[Peter Pontiac]], 63, juru gambar kartun Walanda, pamenang [[Stripschapprijs]] (1997), lelara lèver.<ref>[http://nos.nl/artikel/2014501-striptekenaar-peter-pontiac-overleden.html Striptekenaar Peter Pontiac overleden] {{nl icon}}</ref> *[[Bette Rogge]], 92, pambiwara radio lan télévisi AS.<ref>[http://www.daytondailynews.com/news/news/local/radio-and-tv-pioneer-rogge-has-died/njsZ2/ Local radio and TV pioneer dies]</ref> *[[William Roffler]], 84, juru main bal-balan gagrag AS ([[Philadelphia Eagles]]), pnéumonia.<ref>[http://www.sfgate.com/sports/article/Former-WSU-star-William-Roffler-dies-at-84-6030702.php Former WSU star William Roffler dies at 84]</ref> *[[Hitoshi Saito]], 54, judoka Jepang, jawara Olimpiade (1984, 1988), kanker saluran empedhu.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://mainichi.jp/english/english/newsselect/news/20150120p2g00m0sp057000c.html |title=Two-time Olympic judo champion Saito dies at age 54 |access-date=2015-11-13 |archive-date=2015-01-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123000051/http://mainichi.jp/english/english/newsselect/news/20150120p2g00m0sp057000c.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Ricardo dos Santos]], 24, juru main selancar Brazilia, ditémbak.<ref>[http://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-30909626 Shock as Brazilian surfer Ricardo dos Santos shot dead]</ref> *[[Jerome Van Sistine]], 89, pulitikus AS, anggota Sénat [[Wisconsin]] (1977–1993).<ref>[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/greenbaypressgazette/obituary.aspx?n=jerome-vansistine&pid=173918300&fhid=14146 Jerome VanSistine]</ref> *[[James Walker (panulis)|James Walker]], 41, panulis télévisi Australia (''[[Neighbours]]''), diabétes.<ref>[http://tenplay.com.au/channel-eleven/neighbours/show-news/james-walker James Walker]</ref> === 21 === *[[George Atkins (juru main bal-balan Amérikah Sarékat)|George Atkins]], 82, juru main bal-balan gagrag AS ([[Detroit Lions]]).<ref>[http://obits.al.com/obituaries/birmingham/obituary.aspx?pid=173947403 George Arthur Atkins]</ref> *[[Marcus Borg]], 72, ahli Alkitab lan téologi AS (''[[Jesus Seminar]]''), fibrosis idiopatik paru-paru.<ref>[http://www.religionnews.com/2015/01/22/marcus-borg-leading-liberal-theologian-historical-jesus-expert-dies-72/ Marcus Borg, leading liberal theologian and historical Jesus expert, dies at 72]</ref> *[[Leon Brittan]], 75, pulitikus Britania, ''Mantri Dalam Negeri'' (1983–1985), Wakil Présidèn Komisi Éropa (1999), kanker.<ref>[http://www.itv.com/news/update/2015-01-22/lord-brittan-former-home-secretary-dies-aged-75/ Former Home Secretary Lord Brittan dies aged 75]</ref> *[[Vince Camuto]], 78, désainer alas sikil AS ([[Nine West]]), kanker prostat.<ref>[http://www.eonline.com/news/617178/legendary-footwear-designer-vince-camuto-dies-at-78 Legendary Footwear Designer Vince Camuto Dies at 78]</ref> *[[Emmanuel Carter]], 85, pulitikus Trinidad, Présidèn Sénat (1990–1995), Présidèn pamangku kalungguhan (1990) nalika [[Kudéta Jamaat al Muslimeen]].<ref>[http://www.newsday.co.tt/news/0,205904.html Former Acting President Carter dies at 85]</ref> *[[Frieda Dänzer]], 84, juru main ski Alpen Switserlan, pamenang medali pirak Olimpiade (1956).<ref>[http://www.bernerzeitung.ch/region/thun/Sie-war-ein-Skistar-der-fruehen-Jahre/story/18385906 Sie war ein Skistar der frühen Jahre] {{de icon}}</ref> *[[George W. Downs (ahli pulitik)|George W. Downs]], 68, ngèlmuwan pulitik AS, gagal jantung.<ref>[http://politics.as.nyu.edu/docs/CP/1286/Remembering_George_Downs_1946-2015.pdf Remembering George Downs, 1946-2015]</ref> *[[George Goodwin (wartawan)|George Goodwin]], 97, wartawan AS, pamenang [[Bebungah Pulitzer]] (1948).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://saportareport.com/blog/2015/01/george-goodwin-prize-winning-journalist-and-dean-of-atlantas-image-boosters-passes-away/comment-page-1/ |title=George Goodwin, Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist and dean of Atlanta’s PR industry, passes away |access-date=2015-11-13 |archive-date=2015-01-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150122110659/http://saportareport.com/blog/2015/01/george-goodwin-prize-winning-journalist-and-dean-of-atlantas-image-boosters-passes-away/comment-page-1/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Harry Gordon (wartawan)|Harry Gordon]], 89, sajarawan Olimpiade Australia, wartawan lan panyunting koran.<ref>[http://www.theage.com.au/victoria/journalist-harry-gordon-dies-aged-89-20150122-12vmda.html Journalist Harry Gordon dies, aged 89]</ref> *[[Martin Honeysett]], 71, panganggit kartun Britania.<ref>[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/11363017/Martin-Honeysett-cartoonist-obituary.html Martin Honeysett, cartoonist - obituary]</ref> *[[Frank Hooley]], 91, pulitik Britania Raya, anggota parlemèn kanggo [[Sheffield Heeley]] (1966–1970, 1974–1983).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bmdsonline.co.uk/birmingham-mail/obituary/hooley-frank/40577432 |title=HOOLEY Frank Obituary |access-date=2015-11-13 |archive-date=2015-09-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923192638/http://www.bmdsonline.co.uk/birmingham-mail/obituary/hooley-frank/40577432 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Waldemar Kmentt]], 85, ahli ténor Ostenrik.<ref>[http://slippedisc.com/2015/01/vienna-mourns-a-stalwart-tenor/ Vienna mourns a stalwart tenor]</ref> *[[Roy Noble Lee]], 99, kakim AS, Kakim Agung Mahkamah Agung [[Mississippi]] (1987–1993).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.wjtv.com/story/27908348/former-supreme-court-chief-justice-roy-noble-lee-passes |title=Former Supreme Court Chief Justice Roy Noble Lee Passes |access-date=2015-11-13 |archive-date=2015-01-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150122101835/http://www.wjtv.com/story/27908348/former-supreme-court-chief-justice-roy-noble-lee-passes |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Johnnie Lewis]], 68, pangacara lan pulitikus Libéria, Kakim Agung Libéria (2006–2012).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://monroviainquirer.com/2015/01/22/former-chief-justice-johnnie-lewis-is-dead/ |title=Former Chief Justice Johnnie Lewis Is Dead |access-date=2015-11-13 |archive-date=2015-01-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150122180900/http://monroviainquirer.com/2015/01/22/former-chief-justice-johnnie-lewis-is-dead/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Kemal Monteno]], 66, panyanyi Bosnia, pnéumonia lan sèpsis.<ref>[http://www.sarajevotimes.com/kemal-monteno-famous-singer-died/ Kemal Monteno, a Famous Singer, Died]</ref> *[[Keith Rayner (ahli psikologi)|Keith Rayner]], 71, ahli psikologi kognitif AS.<ref>[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/saltlaketribune/obituary.aspx?pid=173989313 Keith Rayner]</ref> *[[Marshall Schlom]], 86, pangawas skrip AS (''[[Psycho (1960 filem)|Psycho]]'', ''[[Perry Mason]]'', ''[[Rain Man]]''), komplikasi amarga tiba.<ref>[http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/marshall-schlom-dead-script-supervisor-767301 Marshall Schlom, Script Supervisor for Hitchcock, Kramer and Nichols, Dies at 86]</ref> *[[Chin Shunshin]], 90, panulis Jepang.<ref>[http://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/english/news/20150121_36.html Japanese novelist Chin Shunshin dies]</ref> *[[Pauline Yates]], 85, aktris Inggris (''[[The Fall and Rise of Reginald Perrin]]'').<ref>[http://www.chortle.co.uk/news/2015/01/22/21692/pauline_yates,_aka_mrs_reggie_perrin,_dies_at_85 Pauline Yates, aka Mrs Reggie Perrin, dies at 85]</ref> === 22=== *[[Don Bryant (bisbol)|Don Bryant]], 73, juru main bisbol AS ([[Houston Astros]]).<ref>[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/timesunion/obituary.aspx?n=donald-ray-bear-bryant&pid=173993022&fhid=5743 Donald Bryant obituary]</ref> *[[Peggy Charren]], 86, aktivis TV bocah AS.<ref>[https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2015/01/22/peggy-charren-cofounder-action-for-children-television-was-awarded-presidential-medal-freedom/fsk3iyiNmmLlcWgW30DW7M/story.html Peggy Charren, children’s TV pioneer, dies at 86]</ref> *[[Wendell H. Ford]], 90, pulitikus AS, Gubernur [[Kentucky]] (1971–1974), anggota [[U.S. Senate]] (1974–1999), kanker paru-paru.<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/23/us/politics/wendell-h-ford-kentucky-governor-and-senator-dies-at-90.html?_r=0 Wendell H. Ford, Kentucky Governor and Senator, Dies at 90]</ref> *[[Margaret Bloy Graham]], 94, ilustrator buku bocah Kanadha.<ref>[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/bostonglobe/obituary.aspx?pid=173945907 MARGARET BLOY GRAHAM]</ref> *[[Joan Hinde]], 81, juru main trompèt lan panglipur Inggris.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.midhurstandpetworth.co.uk/news/local/britain-s-first-lady-of-the-trumpet-passes-away-in-chichester-1-6540256 |title=Britain’s First Lady of the Trumpet passes away in Chichester |access-date=2015-11-13 |archive-date=2015-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150128133042/http://www.midhurstandpetworth.co.uk/news/local/britain-s-first-lady-of-the-trumpet-passes-away-in-chichester-1-6540256 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[René Jodoin]], 94, prodhuser lan sutradara animasi Kanadha.<ref>[http://www.animationmagazine.net/people/nfb-french-animation-founder-rene-jodoin-dies/ NFB French Animation Founder René Jodoin Dies]</ref> *[[Tommy Mason]], 75, juru main bal-balan gagrag AS ([[Minnesota Vikings]], [[Los Angeles Rams]]).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mynews3.com/content/news/story/Vikings-first-draft-pick-Mason-dies/wv7bX6hd20aNJu_TPza-kg.cspx |title=Vikings' first draft pick Mason dies |access-date=2015-11-13 |archive-date=2015-01-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123021057/http://www.mynews3.com/content/news/story/Vikings-first-draft-pick-Mason-dies/wv7bX6hd20aNJu_TPza-kg.cspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Fabrizio de Miranda]], 88, insinyur yasan Italia lan profèsor universitas.<ref>[http://www.ilsecoloxix.it/p/genova/2015/01/23/ARie2HHD-milano_miranda_sopraelevata.shtml Addio al papà della Sopraelevata, morto a Milano De Miranda] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117025638/http://www.ilsecoloxix.it/p/genova/2015/01/23/ARie2HHD-milano_miranda_sopraelevata.shtml |date=2015-11-17 }} {{it icon}}</ref> *[[Franco Nicolazzi]], 90, pulitikus Italia, anggota Parlemèn Italia (1963–1990), Sékretaris Parté Démokratis Sosialis Italia (1985–1988).<ref>[http://www.ansa.it/sito/notizie/politica/2015/01/22/morto-ex-ministro-franco-nicolazzi-fu-segretario-del-psdi-_c02a8a1b-b8cc-4835-8856-69967f59566d.html Morto ex ministro Franco Nicolazzi, fu segretario del Psdi] {{it icon}}</ref> *[[Kel O'Shea]], 81, juru main liga rugbi Australia ([[Western Suburbs Magpies|Western Suburbs]]).<ref>[http://www.couriermail.com.au/sport/nrl/kangaroos-great-kel-oshea-who-linked-with-norm-provan-is-mourned/story-fniabjcr-1227195046095 Kangaroos great Kel O'Shea mourned]</ref> *[[Wayne Quinton]], 94, insinyur biomédis AS.<ref>[http://seattletimes.com/html/obituaries/2025624240_quintonobitxml.html Wayne Quinton, UW’s ‘father of bioengineering,’ dies at 94]</ref> *[[Dacia Valent]], 51, pulitikus Italia kalairan Somalia, anggota Parlemèn Éropa (1989–1994), gagal jantung.<ref>[http://www.ansa.it/sito/notizie/cronaca/2015/01/26/dacia-valent_1dd38db9-1c0d-47e9-a68d-f10697bb713d.html Morta Dacia Valent, dalle battaglie antirazziste al carcere] {{it icon}}</ref> *[[Lawrence Paul Zatkoff]], 75, jaksa féderal AS, kanker.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.thealpenanews.com/page/content.detail/id/781447/Port-Huron-federal-Judge-Lawrence-Zatkoff-dies-at-age-75.html?isap=1&nav=5012 |title=Port Huron federal Judge Lawrence Zatkoff dies at age 75 |access-date=2015-11-13 |archive-date=2015-02-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150206211450/http://www.thealpenanews.com/page/content.detail/id/781447/Port-Huron-federal-Judge-Lawrence-Zatkoff-dies-at-age-75.html?isap=1&nav=5012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> === 23 === * [[Abdullah saka Saudi Arabia|Raja Abdullah]] saka [[Saudi Arabia]], 90, Raja wiwit taun 2005, komplikasi pnéumonia.<ref>[http://www.cnn.com/2015/01/22/middleeast/saudi-arabia-king-abdullah-dies/index.html Saudi Arabia's 'reformer' King Abdullah dies]</ref> *[[Ernie Banks]], 83, juru main bisbol AS ([[Chicago Cubs]]), serangan jantung.<ref>[http://www.mercurynews.com/sports/ci_27383742/mr-cub-ernie-banks-dies-at-83 'Mr. Cub' Ernie Banks dies at 83]</ref> *[[Jalynn Bennett]], 71, konsultan lan diréktur korporat Kanadha.<ref>[http://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/jalynn-bennett-pioneering-female-executive-dies-at-71/article22636608/ Jalynn Bennett, pioneering female executive, dies at 71]</ref> *[[Betty Jane Diener]], 74, pulitikus AS, Mantri Perdagangan Virginia (1982–1986), fibrosis paru-paru.<ref>[http://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/betty-jane-diener-blunt-virginia-secretary-of-commerce-in-1980s-dies/2015/02/17/6976cac4-b621-11e4-a200-c008a01a6692_story.html Betty Jane Diener, blunt Virginia secretary of commerce in 1980s, dies]</ref> *[[Marc Dufour]], 73, juru main hoki ès Kanadha ([[New York Rangers]], [[Los Angeles Kings]]).<ref>[http://www.richardphilibert.ca/blog-single.php?id=1685 Dufour, M. Marc] {{fr icon}}</ref> *[[Prosper Ego]], 87, aktivis Walanda, pangadeg [[Oud-Strijders Legioen]].<ref>[http://www.refoportaal.nl/nieuws/details/15305/OSL-oprichter_P.J.G.A._Ego_overleden/ OSL-oprichter P.J.G.A. Ego overleden] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304001350/http://www.refoportaal.nl/nieuws/details/15305/OSL-oprichter_P.J.G.A._Ego_overleden/ |date=2016-03-04 }} {{nl icon}}</ref> *[[Nol Heijerman]], 74, juru main bal-balan Walanda ([[Sparta Rotterdam|Sparta]]).<ref>[http://www.ad.nl/ad/nl/1434/Sparta-Rotterdam/article/detail/3836758/2015/01/24/Beatle-van-Sparta-Nol-Heijerman-overleden.dhtml 'Beatle van Sparta' Nol Heijerman overleden] {{nl icon}}</ref> *[[Simma Holt]], 92, wartawan lan pulitikus Kanadha, anggota DPRD [[Vancouver Kingsway]] (1974–1979).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.theepochtimes.com/n3/1219255-i-was-born-to-care-the-legendary-simma-holt-dies-at-92/ |title=‘I was born to care': The Legendary Simma Holt Dies at 92 |access-date=2015-11-13 |archive-date=2015-07-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150727161258/http://www.theepochtimes.com/n3/1219255-i-was-born-to-care-the-legendary-simma-holt-dies-at-92/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Barrie Ingham]], 82, aktris Inggris (''[[The Great Mouse Detective]]'', ''[[Doctor Who]]'', ''[[A Challenge for Robin Hood]]'').<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.palmbeachpost.com/news/events/performing-arts/barrie-ingham-actor-and-voice-of-great-mouse-detec/njwfS/ |title=Barrie Ingham, actor and voice of ‘Great Mouse Detective,’ dies at 83 |access-date=2015-11-13 |archive-date=2015-02-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150215112727/http://www.palmbeachpost.com/news/events/performing-arts/barrie-ingham-actor-and-voice-of-great-mouse-detec/njwfS/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Nick Koback]], 79, juru main bisbol AS ([[Pittsburgh Pirates]]).<ref>[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/hartfordcourant/obituary.aspx?n=Nicholas-N-Koback&pid=173964694 Nicholas N. Koback obituary]</ref> *[[Svein Døvle Larssen]], 86, panyunting koran Nurwègen.<ref>[http://www.tb.no/Redakt_rlegende_er_d_d-5-76-21492.html Redaktørlegende er død] {{no icon}}</ref> *[[Alexander Lastin]], 38, ''grandmaster'' catur Ruslan.<ref>[http://chess-news.ru/en/node/17945 Alexander Lastin Has Passed Away]</ref> *[[Pedro Lemebel]], 62, panulis Chile, kanker telak.<ref>[http://www.newyorker.com/books/page-turner/surreal-end-unforgettable-queen-pedro-lemebel-1952-2015 A Surreal End for an Unforgettable Queen: Pedro Lemebel, 1952-2015]</ref> *[[Les McMahon]], 84, pulitikus Australia, anggota DPR [[Australia]] kanggo [[Sydney]] (1975&ndash;1983).<ref>[http://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/search/display/display.w3p;adv=yes;orderBy=customrank;page=0;query=james%20mcmahon;rec=1;resCount=Default CONDOLENCES: McMahon, Mr James Leslie (Les)]</ref> *[[Bud Miller]], 91, pulitikus Kanadha, anggota DPRD [[Alberta]] (1971–1986).<ref>[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/edmontonjournal/obituary.aspx?pid=173979561 James "Bud" MILLER Notice]</ref> *[[M. S. Narayana]], 63, aktor Telugu filem India.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.25cineframes.com/official-death-news-m-s-narayana-garu-passes-away-he-is-no-more.html |title=Official Death News : M S Narayana Garu passes away he is no more |access-date=2015-11-13 |archive-date=2016-03-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303220049/http://www.25cineframes.com/official-death-news-m-s-narayana-garu-passes-away-he-is-no-more.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Jackie Selebi]], 64, prawira pulisi Afrika Kidul, Komisaris Pulisi (2000–2009), lelara ginjel.<ref>[http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/01/23/us-safrica-selebi-idUSKBN0KW10F20150123 Disgraced former South Africa police chief Selebi dies]</ref> *[[Frank Sims]], 93, pambiwara bisbol AS.<ref>[http://obits.ocregister.com/obituaries/orangecounty/obituary.aspx?n=frank-j-sims&pid=174013101&eid=sp_ommatch&eid=sp_ommatch FRANK J. SIMS]</ref> === 24 === *[[Stig Bergling]], 77, prawira dines intèlijèn Swèdhen sing didakwa olèhé cidra; lelara Parkinson lan paru-paru.<ref>[http://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/stig-bergling-spy-who-gave-the-soviets-thousands-of-documents-and-made-an-escape-which-caused-a-scandal-in-sweden-10014831.html Stig Bergling: Spy who gave the Soviets thousands of documents and made an escape which caused a scandal in Sweden]</ref> *[[Robert Bonnaventure]], 94, juru balap pit Prancis.<ref>[http://veloquercy.over-blog.com/article-deces-de-robert-bonnaventure-125431601.html Décès de Robert Bonnaventure] {{fr icon}}</ref> *[[Peter Bridges (pastur)|Peter Bridges]], 89, pastur Anglikan Britania, Dékan Agung Southend (1972–1977), Coventry (1977–1983) and Warwick (1983–1990). *[[Link Byfield]], 63, panulis kolom Kanadha aliran konservatif, pulitikus lan pambabar, kanker lèver lan gulu.<ref>[http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/edmonton/link-byfield-columnist-politician-and-publisher-dead-at-63-1.2931321 Link Byfield, columnist, politician and publisher, dead at 63]</ref> *[[Julio Canessa]], 89, pulitikus lan Jèndral Chile, anggota Pamaréntah Junta Chile (1983–1985), Sénator (1998–2006).<ref>[http://www.24horas.cl/nacional/fallece-julio-canessa-miembro-de-la-junta-militar-y-senador-designado-1565661 Fallece Julio Canessa, miembro de la Junta Militar y senador designado] {{es icon}}</ref> *[[Otto Carius]], 92, pamimpir tank Jerman nalika Perang Donya II.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ftr.wot-news.com/2015/01/24/otto-carius-passed-away/ |title=Otto Carius Passed Away |access-date=2015-11-14 |archive-date=2015-01-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150126224430/http://ftr.wot-news.com/2015/01/24/otto-carius-passed-away/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Maria Cerra]], 96, juru main anggar AS ([[Olimpiade Mangsa Panas 1948]]).<ref>[http://www.northjersey.com/news/maria-cerra-tishman-olympic-fencer-and-teacher-in-oakland-dies-at-96-1.1259376 Maria Cerra Tishman, Olympic fencer and teacher in Oakland, dies at 96]</ref> *[[Aisha Choudhary]], panulis lan pawicara motivasional India.<ref>[http://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/books/pendrive-remembering-aisha-chaudhary/ Pendrive Remembering Aisha Chaudhary]</ref> *[[Toller Cranston]], 65, juru main sekat Kanadha, pamenang medali prunggu Olimpiade (Olimpiade Mangsa Atis 1976), serangan jantung.<ref>[http://www.thestar.com/sports/2015/01/24/toller-cranston-figure-skating-legend-dies-in-mexico-at-age-65.html Toller Cranston, figure skating legend, dies in Mexico at age 65]</ref> *[[Maria Della Costa]], 89, aktris Brazilia (''[[Brasileiras e Brasileiros]]''), edema paru-paru.<ref>[http://g1.globo.com/jornal-nacional/noticia/2015/01/atriz-maria-della-costa-morre-aos-89-anos-no-rio.html Atriz Maria Della Costa morre aos 89 anos no Rio] {{pt icon}}</ref> *[[Floyd Dunn]], 90, insinyur listrik AS.<ref>[http://www.news-gazette.com/obituaries/2015-01-28/floyd-dunn.html Floyd Dunn]</ref> *[[Johan Ferner]], 87, palaut Nurwègen, pamenang medali pirak (1952).<ref>[http://news.yahoo.com/1952-olympic-silver-medalist-ferner-dies-114340824.html 1952 Olympic silver medalist Ferner dies]</ref> *[[Eric Fitzgibbon]], 78, pulitikus Australia, anggota Parlemèn Australia kanggo Hunter (1984–1996).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.theherald.com.au/story/2838598/tributes-for-former-hunter-mp-eric-fitzgibbon/ |title=Tributes for former Hunter MP Eric Fitzgibbon, dead at 78 |access-date=2015-11-14 |archive-date=2015-08-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150807083217/http://www.theherald.com.au/story/2838598/tributes-for-former-hunter-mp-eric-fitzgibbon/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Joe Franklin]], 88, pambiwara radio lan TV AS, kanker prostat.<ref>[http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/joe-franklin-dead-88-article-1.2090911 Joe Franklin 'King of Nostalgia' dead at 88]</ref> *[[Sir David Graaff, 3rd Baronet]], 74, pangusaha anggur (minuman) Afrika Kidul.<ref>[http://www.wine.co.za/news/news.aspx?NEWSID=26193 Sir David Graaff owner of De Grendel: RIP]</ref> *[[Muhammad Ibrahim Habsade]], 62, pulitikus lan prajurit ngraman Somalia, diabétes.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.garoweonline.com/page/show/post/1546/somalia-federal-mp-dies-in-mogadishu |title=Somalia: Federal MP dies in Mogadishu |access-date=2015-11-14 |archive-date=2015-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924044753/http://www.garoweonline.com/page/show/post/1546/somalia-federal-mp-dies-in-mogadishu |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Frances Lennon]], 102, artis Britania.<ref>[http://www.messengernewspapers.co.uk/news/11759286.Frances_Lennon___popular_and_prolific_Trafford_artist_dies/ Frances Lennon - popular and prolific Trafford artist dies]</ref> *[[V. S. Raghavan]], 90, aktor Tamil India.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.kollytalk.com/cinenews/veteran-actor-vs-raghavan-passes-away-90-214350.html |title=Veteran actor VS Raghavan passes away at 90 |access-date=2015-11-14 |archive-date=2016-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160226042254/http://www.kollytalk.com/cinenews/veteran-actor-vs-raghavan-passes-away-90-214350.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Alfred H. Savage]], 84, pagawé nagara Kananda, manajer [[Toronto Transit Commission]] (1981–1987).<ref>[http://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2015/01/29/obituary-former-ttc-chief-alfred-savage-launched-the-scarborough-rt.html Obituary Former TTC chief Alfred Savage launched the Scarborough RT]</ref> *[[Joan Serra]], 87, juru main polo banyu Olimpiade Spanyol (1948, 1952).<ref>[http://www.mundodeportivo.com/20150124/waterpolo/fallece-joan-serra-portero-espanol-en-los-jjoo-de-londres-48-y-helsinki-52_54424771817.html Fallece Joan Serra, portero español en los JJOO de Londres'48 y Helsinki'52] {{es icon}}</ref> *[[Fred Shank]], 74, ahli nutrisi AS.<ref>[http://obits.dignitymemorial.com/dignity-memorial/obituary.aspx?n=Fred-Shank&lc=7535&pid=173988339&mid=6297917 In Memory of Fred Ross Shank II]{{Pranala mati|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> *[[Daniel R. Simpson]], 87, pulitikus AS, anggota DPRD lan Sénat [[North Carolina]], pikun.<ref>[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/newsobserver/obituary.aspx?pid=173964185 Dan Simpson Obituary]</ref> *[[Peter Westervelt]], 95, fisikawan AS.<ref>[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/providence/obituary-preview.aspx?n=peter-westervelt&pid=174067145&referrer=519 Peter Westervelt Obituary]</ref> *[[Tengku Intan Zaharah]], 86, bangsawan Malaysia, [[Raja Permaisuri Agong]] (1965–1970).<ref>[http://www.bernama.com/bernama/v7/bm/ge/newsgeneral.php?id=1103551 Tengku Ampuan Tua Terengganu Tengku Intan Zaharah Mangkat] {{ms icon}}</ref> === 25 === *[[Zulkifli Abdhir]], 48-49, téroris lan wong nggawé bom saka Malaysia, ditémbak.<ref>[http://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/wanted-al-qaeda-linked-islamist-believed-dead-philippines-raid-fbi-n300116 Wanted Al Qaeda-Linked Islamist Believed Dead in Philippines Raid: FBI]</ref> *[[Robert Atkinson (businessman)|Sir Robert Atkinson]], 98, pangusaha Britania lan prawira angkatan sagara.<ref>[http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/opinion/obituaries/article4338737.ece Sir Robert Atkinson]</ref> *[[Rose Cabat]], 100, ahli keramik studio AS.<ref>[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/tucson/obituary.aspx?pid=173992736 Rose Cabat Obituary]</ref> *[[Mari Ellis]], 101, panulis Britania lan aktivis hak-hak wanita.<ref>[http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/mari-ellis-writer-who-worked-for-the-new-wales-union-and-championed-womens-rights-10109209.html Mari Ellis: Writer who worked for the New Wales Union and championed women’s rights]</ref> *[[Pauline Fisk]], 66, panulis Britania, kanker.<ref>[http://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/feb/26/pauline-fisk Pauline Fisk obituary]</ref> *[[Demetrio González]], 87, aktor Mèksiko kalairan Spanyol (''[[Dos Corazones y un Cielo]]'') lan panyanyi, komplikasi setruk.<ref>[http://www.aztecanoticias.com.mx/notas/entretenimiento/211518/muere-demetrio-gonzalez-el-charro-espanol Muere Demetrio González "El Charro Español"] {{es icon}}</ref> *[[Pierre Gosnat]], 66, pulitikus Prancis, kanker.<ref>[http://www.leparisien.fr/diaporama/en-images-ivry-l-adieu-a-pierre-gosnat-31-01-2015-4495363.php?pic=2#contTitre EN IMAGES. Ivry : l'adieu à Pierre Gosnat] {{fr icon}}</ref> *[[Godfrey Kalimugogo]], 71, panulis Uganda.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/OpEd/OpEdColumnists/MuniiniMulera/Kalimugogo-inspired-us-in-life--challenges-us-in-death/-/878676/2603016/-/cat7nez/-/index.html |title=Kalimugogo inspired us in life, challenges us in death |access-date=2015-11-14 |archive-date=2015-02-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150206211729/http://www.monitor.co.ug/OpEd/OpEdColumnists/MuniiniMulera/Kalimugogo-inspired-us-in-life--challenges-us-in-death/-/878676/2603016/-/cat7nez/-/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[John Leggett]], 97, panulis AS, direktur [[Iowa Writers' Workshop]], pneumonia.<ref>[http://www.latimes.com/local/obituaries/la-me-john-leggett-20150201-story.html John 'Jack' Leggett, mentor of emerging authors, dies at 97]</ref> *[[Giancarlo Ligabue]], 83, ahli paléontologi Italia (panemu [[Ligabueino]]), pangusaha lan pulitikus [[Forza Europa]].<ref>[http://www.rainews.it/dl/rainews/articoli/Addio-a-Giancarlo-Ligabue-Venezia-piange-il-celebre-imprenditore-e-paleontologo-488ca869-af8e-4b83-80d1-4a43d2beccbd.html Addio a giancarlo ligabue: venezia piange il celebre imprenditore e paleontologo] {{it icon}}</ref> *[[Sarojini Mahishi]], 88, pulitikus lan juru alihbasa India.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/Ex-Union-Minister-Sarojini-Mahishi-Passes-Away/2015/01/26/article2637280.ece |title=Ex-Union Minister Sarojini Mahishi Passes Away |access-date=2015-11-14 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304142026/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/Ex-Union-Minister-Sarojini-Mahishi-Passes-Away/2015/01/26/article2637280.ece |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Richard McBrien]], 78, pastur lan ahli téologi Katulik Roma saka AS.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ncronline.org/news/people/fr-richard-mcbrien-theologian-has-died |title=Fr. Richard McBrien, theologian, has died |access-date=2015-11-14 |archive-date=2015-01-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150127193830/http://ncronline.org/news/people/fr-richard-mcbrien-theologian-has-died |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Bill Monbouquette]], 78, juru main bisbol AS ([[Boston Red Sox]]).<ref>[http://www.bostonglobe.com/sports/2015/01/26/former-red-sox-pitcher-ben-monbouquette-dies/sXeMPgSs04iSUOdFEyz75O/story.html Former Red Sox pitcher Bill Monbouquette dies at 78]</ref> *[[Don O'Hearn]], 86, juru main ès hoki Kanadha.<ref>[http://www.stcatharinesstandard.ca/2015/01/27/sports-community-mourns-loss-of-nip-ohearn Sports community mourns loss of Nip O'Hearn]</ref> *[[Demis Roussos]], 68, panyanyi Yunani kalairan Mesir ("[[Forever and Ever (lagu Demis Roussos)|Forever and Ever]]").<ref>[http://greece.greekreporter.com/2015/01/26/famous-greek-singer-demis-roussos-dies-dead/ Famous Greek Singer Demis Roussos Dies at 68]</ref> *[[Ian Towers]], 74, juru main bal-balan Inggris ([[Burnley F.C.|Burnley]], [[Oldham Athletic]]).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.burnleyexpress.net/news/local/ex-claret-ian-towers-dies-1-7071177 |title=Ex Claret Ian Towers dies |access-date=2015-11-14 |archive-date=2015-02-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150206212549/http://www.burnleyexpress.net/news/local/ex-claret-ian-towers-dies-1-7071177 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Ernst Träger]], 88, kakim Jerman.<ref>[http://www.bundesverfassungsgericht.de/SharedDocs/Pressemitteilungen/DE/2015/bvg15-006.html Der ehemalige Richter des Bundesverfassungsgerichts Ernst Träger ist verstorben] {{de icon}}</ref> === 26 === *[[R. J. Adams]], 72, aktor AS (''[[Rocky IV]]'').<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://radioinsight.com/community/topic/bob-shannon-has-died/ |title=Bob Shannon has died |access-date=2015-11-14 |archive-date=2015-04-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150414000154/http://radioinsight.com/community/topic/bob-shannon-has-died/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Henk Bloemers]], 69, juru main bal-balan Walanda ([[FC Eindhoven]]).<ref>[http://www.ed.nl/sport/voetbal/fc-eindhoven/mister-evv-henk-bloemers-69-overleden-1.4733602 'Mister EVV' Henk Bloemers (69) overleden] {{nl icon}}</ref> *[[Miguel Ángel Cascallana]], 66, juru main bal tangan Olimpiade Spanyol (1972).<ref>[http://www.larazon.es/detalle_normal/noticias/8549768/deportes+balonmano/fallece-el-ex-internacional-de-balonmano-miguel-angel-cascallana#.Ttt18gXiXhCa9Si Fallece el ex internacional de balonmano Miguel Ángel Cascallana] {{es icon}}</ref> *[[Edwin A. Colvin]], 87, pulitikus AS, anggota DPRD [[Vermont]] (1975–1982).<ref>[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/rutlandherald/obituary.aspx?page=lifestory&pid=173990386 Edwin Colvin Obituary]</ref> *[[Cleven "Goodie" Goudeau]], 83, seniman kartu ucapan AS.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.contracostatimes.com/news/ci_27395442/vallejos-art-icon-goodie-goudeau-dies-at-84 |title=Vallejo's art icon Goodie Goudeau dies at 83 |access-date=2015-11-14 |archive-date=2015-02-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150206225828/http://www.contracostatimes.com/news/ci_27395442/vallejos-art-icon-goodie-goudeau-dies-at-84 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Howard C. Hawkins]], 82, produsèn piranti pit AS ([[Park Tool]]).<ref>[http://www.twincities.com/localnews/ci_27405034/twin-cities-bike-repair-pioneer-howard-hawkins-dies Twin Cities bike repair pioneer Howard Hawkins dies at 82]</ref> *[[Stephen R. Johnson]], 63, sutradara TV lan vidéo klip AS ("[[Sledgehammer (lagu Peter Gabriel)|Sledgehammer]]").<ref>[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/nytimes/obituary.aspx?pid=174043763 Stephen R. Johnson Obituary]</ref> *[[Begum Kulsum Saifullah Khan]], 91, pangusaha lan pulitikus Pakistan.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-2-298378-Begum-Kulsum-Saifullah-passes-away |title=Begum Kulsum Saifullah passes away |access-date=2015-11-14 |archive-date=2015-10-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151028071648/http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-2-298378-Begum-Kulsum-Saifullah-passes-away |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[R. K. Laxman]], 93, ahli gambar kartun India, ilustrator lan humoris, gagal sawetara organ awak.<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Eminent-cartoonist-RK-Laxman-dies-at-94/articleshow/46021781.cms Eminent cartoonist RK Laxman dies at 94]</ref> *[[Neil Levang]], 83, musikus AS (''[[The Lawrence Welk Show]]'').<ref>[http://www.vintageguitar.com/20094/noted-guitarist-neil-levang-passes/ Noted Guitarist Neil LeVang Passes]</ref> *[[Lucjan Lis]], 64, pambalap pit Polen, pamenang medali pirak Olimpiade (1972).<ref>[http://sport.wp.pl/kat,1848,title,Nie-zyje-legenda-polskiego-kolarstwa,wid,17213700,wiadomosc.html?ticaid=1143e6 Nie żyje legenda polskiego kolarstwa] {{pl icon}}</ref> *[[Lester McCumbers]], 93, juru main piyul AS.<ref>[http://www.newsandsentinel.com/page/content.detail/id/603642/Lester-Virgil-McCumbers.html?nav=5062 Lester Virgil McCumbers]</ref> *[[Sidewalk Sam]], 75, seniman AS.<ref>[http://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2015/01/27/sidewalk-sam-boston-street-artist-robert-guillemin-created-murals-and-magic-city-walkways/4rjhqwEvn8BbUtMW4VLT7K/story.html Sidewalk Sam, artist who turned streets into canvas, dies at 75]</ref> *[[Lee Spick]], 34, juru main ''snooker'' Inggris, lelara lèver.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.sportinglife.com/snooker/news/article/663/9681483/snookers-lee-spick-dies-aged-34 |title=Snooker's Spick dies, aged 34 |access-date=2015-11-14 |archive-date=2015-01-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150129050122/http://www.sportinglife.com/snooker/news/article/663/9681483/snookers-lee-spick-dies-aged-34 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Charles Thomas (athlete)|Charles Thomas]], 82, atlit lumayu AS lan palatih atlètik.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.texassports.com/news/2015/1/28/XC_TF_0128150814.aspx |title=Former Longhorn great Thomas passes away |access-date=2015-11-14 |archive-date=2015-09-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150929134820/http://texassports.com/news/2015/1/28/XC_TF_0128150814.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Tom Uren]], 93, pulitikus Australia, anggota Parlemèn Australia kanggo [[Reid]] (1958–1990).<ref>[http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-01-26/tom-uren-former-whitlam-minister-dead/6046340 Former Whitlam minister and deputy Labor leader Tom Uren dies aged 93]</ref> *[[Rositsa Yanakieva]], 60, pulitikus lan kimiawan Bulgaria, wakil pangrèh Parlemèn Bulgaria (wiwit 2014), weton getih sajeroning polo.<ref>[http://www.novinite.com/view_news.php?id=166161 Bulgaria Deputy Parliament Speaker Dies Aged 60]</ref> === 27 === *[[Wilfred Agbonavbare]], 48, juru main bal-balan Nigéria ([[Rayo Vallecano]], [[Tim nasional bal-balan Nigéria]]), kanker.<ref>[http://futbol.as.com/futbol/2015/01/27/primera/1422351508_840231.html Fallece Wilfred Agbonavbare, el exportero del Rayo Vallecano] {{es icon}}</ref> *[[Rafael Corrales Ayala]], 89, pulitikus Mèksiko, anggota parlemèn [[Guanajuato]] (1949–1952, 1979–1982), Gubernur Guanajuato (1985–1991).<ref>[http://www.am.com.mx/leon/local/fallece-rafael-corrales-ayala-176423.html Fallece Rafael Corrales Ayala] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150206222257/http://www.am.com.mx/leon/local/fallece-rafael-corrales-ayala-176423.html |date=2015-02-06 }} {{es icon}}</ref> *[[Rocky Bridges]], 87, juru main bisbol AS ([[Cincinnati Reds]], [[Minnesota Twins|Washington Senators]]).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://m.spokesman.com/stories/2015/jan/29/rocky-bridges-career-baseball-man-dies-coeur-dalen/ |title=Former Dodger, Rocky Bridges, dies in Coeur d’Alene |access-date=2015-11-14 |archive-date=2015-02-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150202041808/http://m.spokesman.com/stories/2015/jan/29/rocky-bridges-career-baseball-man-dies-coeur-dalen/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Harriet Elizabeth Byrd]], 88, pulitikus AS, anggota DPRD (1981–1988) lan Sénat [[Wyoming]] (1988–1992).<ref>[http://www.wyomingnews.com/articles/2015/01/29/news/01top_01-29-15.txt#.VMsWdZ3F-AU "Liz" Byrd, first black woman in Wyoming House, dies at 88"]{{Pranala mati|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> *[[Arturo Carmassi]], 89, ahli natah patung lan palukis Italia.<ref>[http://iltirreno.gelocal.it/empoli/cronaca/2015/01/27/news/scomparso-lo-scultore-di-eloisa-1.10747968 Scomparso lo scultore di Eloisa] {{it icon}}</ref> *[[Roger Cowley]], 75, fisikawan Inggris.<ref>[https://royalsociety.org/about-us/fellowship/notices-2015/ Professor Roger Arthur Cowley FRS]</ref> *[[Suzette Haden Elgin]], 78, linguis lan panulis fiksi ngèlmiah AS.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.sfsite.com/news/2015/01/28/obituary-suzette-haden-elgin/ |title=Obituary Suzette Haden Elgin |access-date=2015-11-14 |archive-date=2015-01-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150130152812/https://www.sfsite.com/news/2015/01/28/obituary-suzette-haden-elgin/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Henk Faanhof]], 92, pambalap pit Olimpiade Walanda (1948).<ref>[http://www.nu.nl/sport/3980946/oudste-nederlandse-tourrenner-faanhof-92-overleden.html Oudste Nederlandse Tourrenner Faanhof (92) overleden] {{nl icon}}</ref> *[[Roy Francis (prawira AL Britania)|Roy Francis]], 92, prawira angkatan sagara lan insiyur pasepuran Britania.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.edp24.co.uk/news/many_pay_respects_to_a_true_norfolk_hero_1_3956513 |title=Many pay respects to a true Norfolk hero |access-date=2015-11-14 |archive-date=2015-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924023840/http://www.edp24.co.uk/news/many_pay_respects_to_a_true_norfolk_hero_1_3956513 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Ebbe Grims-land]], 99, komponis lan juru main piyul Swèdhen.<ref>[http://www.minnessidor.fonus.se/memorial_page_personal_info.php?memorial_page_id=433374&cat=Profile&sign=d37aa490035e02b50fdedac62c515edd In Memoriam - Fonus] {{sv icon}}</ref> *[[Warren Hill (narapidana)|Warren Hill]], 54, durjana rajapati AS, dièksekusi mawa suntikan fatal.<ref>[http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jan/27/supreme-court-georgia-execution-warren-hill Georgia executes inmate Warren Hill after supreme court refuses stay]</ref> *[[Vladimir-Georg Karassev-Orgusaar]], 83, sutradara filem Èstonia.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://coldwarradios.blogspot.co.uk/2015/01/in-memory-of-man-they-just-couldnt-gag.html |title=In Memory of a Man they Just Couldn’t Gag: Vladimir-Georg Karassev-Orgusaar (1931-2015), RIP |access-date=2015-11-14 |archive-date=2015-09-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930191111/http://coldwarradios.blogspot.co.uk/2015/01/in-memory-of-man-they-just-couldnt-gag.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[David Landau (wartawan)|David Landau]], 67, wartawan Israèl kalairan Britania lan éditor (''[[Haaretz]]'').<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.thejc.com/news/israel-news/128967/former-haaretz-editor-chief-david-landau-dies-aged-67 |title=Former Haaretz editor-in-chief David Landau dies aged 67 |access-date=2015-11-14 |archive-date=2016-03-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160323074847/http://www.thejc.com/news/israel-news/128967/former-haaretz-editor-chief-david-landau-dies-aged-67 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[John T. Myers (anggota congress)|John T. Myers]], 87, pulitikus AS, anggota Parlemèn AS kanggo [[Indiana]] (1967–1997).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.startribune.com/politics/national/290007271.html |title=US Rep. John Myers, a Republican who represented western Indiana for 15 terms, dies at 87 |access-date=2015-11-14 |archive-date=2015-02-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150206213421/http://www.startribune.com/politics/national/290007271.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Ronnie O'Reilly]], 63, wasit kriket Irlandia.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.cricketeurope4.net/DATABASE/ARTICLES2015/articles/000026/002683.shtml |title=Death of Ronnie O'Reilly |access-date=2015-11-14 |archive-date=2015-02-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150211110137/http://www.cricketeurope4.net/DATABASE/ARTICLES2015/articles/000026/002683.shtml |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[José Pereira (ngèlmuwan India)|José Pereira]], 84, seniman, sajarawan, nimpuna [[basa Sangskreta]] India.<ref>[http://www.goanews.com/news_disp.php?newsid=5544 Sanskrit scholar & historian Dr Jose Pereira passes away in USA]</ref> *[[Joe Rígoli]], 78, aktor lan palawak Argèntina (''[[Un, dos, tres... responda otra vez]]''), gagal jantung.<ref>[http://www.elmundo.es/cultura/2015/01/27/54c7accbca47418f708b456f.html Muere Joe Rígoli, actor cómico argentino con carrera en la España de la Transición] {{es icon}}</ref> *[[Joseph Rotman]], 80, pangusaha lan tokoh filantropi Kanadha, kanselir [[Universitas Western Ontario]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://cnews.canoe.ca/CNEWS/Canada/2015/01/27/22203951.html |title=Toronto businessman, philanthropist Joseph L. Rotman dead at 80 |access-date=2015-11-14 |archive-date=2015-01-27 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150127232932/http://cnews.canoe.ca/CNEWS/Canada/2015/01/27/22203951.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Al Severinsen]], 70, juru main bisbol AS ([[Baltimore Orioles]], [[San Diego Padres]]).<ref>[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/theday/obituary.aspx?n=Al-Severinsen&pid=174019977 Al Severinsen Obituary]</ref> *[[Bob Shea]], 90, juru main baskèt AS ([[Providence Steamrollers]]).<ref>[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/thewesterlysun/obituary.aspx?pid=174016171 Robert Francis Shea Obituary]</ref> *[[Charles H. Townes]], 99, fisikawan AS, pamenang Bebungah Nobel ing Fisika (1964).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://newscenter.berkeley.edu/2015/01/27/nobel-laureate-and-laser-inventor-charles-townes-dies-at-99/ |title=Nobel laureate and laser inventor Charles Townes dies at 99 |access-date=2015-11-14 |archive-date=2015-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150128110636/http://newscenter.berkeley.edu/2015/01/27/nobel-laureate-and-laser-inventor-charles-townes-dies-at-99/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Gunnar Christie Wasberg]], 91, panulis non-fiksi Nurwègen.<ref>[http://www.aftenposten.no/dodsfall/Nekrolog-Gunnar-Christie-Wasberg-7885459.html Nekrolog: Gunnar Christie Wasberg] {{no icon}}</ref> *[[Charlie Williams (pitcher)|Charlie Williams]], 67, juru main bisbol AS ([[New York Mets]], [[San Francisco Giants]]), kompliksi bedhah jantung.<ref>[http://www.news-journalonline.com/article/20150128/SPORTS/150129440?Title=Charlie-Williams-the-man-who-was-traded-for-Willie-Mays-dies Charlie Williams, the man who was traded for Willie Mays, dies]</ref> *[[Larry Winters]], 58, palatih lan juru main gulat profèsional AS, serangan jantung.<ref>[http://www.prowrestling.net/article.php?D.C.-Drake-remembers-the-late-Larry-Winters-40696 D.C. Drake remembers the late Larry Winters]</ref> === 28 === *[[Suraj Abdurrahman]], 60, prawira Angkatan Dharat Nigéria.<ref>[http://allafrica.com/stories/201501291077.html Liberia: Former Liberian Army Chief, Abdurrahman, Dies in New York]</ref> *[[Egon Adler]], 77, pambalap pit Jerman.<ref>[http://www.lvz-trauer.de/traueranzeige/egon-adler/40661930 Egon Adler Traueranzeige] {{de icon}}</ref> *[[Arthur Lawrence Alarcon]], 89, kakim féderal AS.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ce9.uscourts.gov/absolutenm/articlefiles/788-Obit_Judge_Arthur_L_Alarcon.pdf |title=Court of Appeals Mourns Passing of Senior Circuit Judge Arthur L. Alarcón |access-date=2015-11-14 |archive-date=2015-09-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923201401/http://www.ce9.uscourts.gov/absolutenm/articlefiles/788-Obit_Judge_Arthur_L_Alarcon.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Mala Aravindan]], 76, aktor Malayalam India.<ref>[http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/actor-mala-aravindan-is-dead/ Malayalam actor Mala Aravindan dead]</ref> *[[Francis Bennion]], 92, pangacara Britania.<ref>"Deaths", ''The Times'', 17 February 2015, p. 57.</ref> *[[Alberto Cardaccio]], 65, juru main bal-balan Uruguay ([[Danubio F.C.|Danubio]], [[Tim nasional bal-balan Uruguay]]), tabrakan lalu-lintas.<ref>[http://www.racingclub.com.ar/club/nota/2015/01/3747_racing-lamenta-el-fallecimiento-de-alberto-cardaccio/ Racing lamenta el fallecimiento de Alberto Cardaccio] {{es icon}}</ref> *[[Yves Chauvin]], 84, pamenang Bebungah Nobel Kimia saka Prancis kalairan Bèlgia (2005).<ref>[http://www.rsc.org/chemistryworld/2015/01/chemistry-nobel-laureate-yves-chauvin-dies-olefin-metathesis Chemistry Nobel laureate Yves Chauvin dies aged 84]</ref> *[[Lionel Gilbert]], 90, sajarawan, panulis, kurator, guru lan panulis biografi Australia.<ref>[http://tributes.smh.com.au/obituaries/smh-au/obituary.aspx?n=lionel-gilbert&pid=174012808 Lionel GILBERT]</ref> *[[Don Jones]], 91, seniman lan ahli térapi AS.<ref>[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/dispatch/obituary.aspx?pid=174079152 Donald L. Jones Obituary]</ref> *[[Tommie Manderson]], 102, seniman paès rai Britania (''[[Willow (filem)|Willow]]'', ''[[Alien (filem)|Alien]]'', ''[[The Killing Fields (filem)|The Killing Fields]]'').<ref>[http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/opinion/obituaries/article4355150.ece The Times Obituaries - Tommie Manderson].</ref> *[[Beric Morley]], 71, sajarawan arsitèktur Britania.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://announce.jpress.co.uk/leightonbuzzardonlinecouk/obituary/beric-morley/40620448 |title=Beric Morley Obituary |access-date=2015-11-14 |archive-date=2015-11-16 |archive-url=https://archive.is/20151116064854/http://announce.jpress.co.uk/leightonbuzzardonlinecouk/obituary/beric-morley/40620448 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Neyko Nenov]], 53, Jèndral Bulgaria, Wakil Panglima Patahanan (wiwit 2014), tumor polo.<ref>[http://www.novinite.com/articles/166224/Bulgaria's+Deputy+Chief+of+Defense+Dies+Aged+53 Bulgaria's Deputy Chief of Defense Dies Aged 53]</ref> *[[Charles B. Peatross]], 74, ahli kukum AS.<ref>[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/shreveporttimes/obituary.aspx?n=charles-b-peatross&pid=174007158&fhid=6593 Judge Charles B. Peatross]</ref> *[[Jaswant Singh Rajput]], 88, juru main hoki lapangan India, jawara Olimpiade (1948).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://post.jagran.com/hockey-olympian-jaswant-singh-rajput-passes-away-1422444266 |title=Hockey Olympian Jaswant Singh Rajput passes away |access-date=2015-11-14 |archive-date=2015-10-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151010023127/http://post.jagran.com/hockey-olympian-jaswant-singh-rajput-passes-away-1422444266 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Edward Saylor]], 94, vètèran Perang Donya II AS, anggota [[Doolittle's Raiders]].<ref>[http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2015/01/29/one-of-last-doolittle-raiders-dies-at-94/22553233/ One of the last of the 'Doolittle Raiders' dies at 94]</ref> *[[Katharine Worth]], 92, tokoh akadémi Britania.<ref>[https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/dramaandtheatre/news/newsarticles/2014-15/katharineworth1922-2015.aspx Katharine Worth 1922-2015]</ref> === 29 === *[[Maurizio Arcieri]], 72, panyanyi Italia ([[The New Dada]], [[Krisma]]).<ref>[http://www.ansa.it/sito/notizie/cultura/musica/2015/01/30/addio-ad-arcieri-da-new-dada-a-krisma_91aee14a-51e3-425c-9618-fba53623c6a6.html Addio ad Arcieri, da New Dada a Krisma] {{it icon}}</ref> *[[Amparo Baró]], 77, aktris Spanyol (''[[Siete mesas de billar francés]]''), kanker.<ref>[http://www.vertele.com/noticias/muere-a-los-77-anos-la-gran-actriz-amparo-baro Muere a los 77 años la actriz española Amparo Baró] {{es icon}}</ref> *[[Subhash Ghisingh]], 78, pulitikus India ([[Gorkha National Liberation Front]]), kanker lèver lan cirrhosis.<ref>[http://zeenews.india.com/news/west-bengal/gnlf-founder-subhash-ghisingh-dies_1538438.html GNLF founder Subhash Ghisingh dies]</ref> *[[Walter Glechner]], 75, juru main bal-balan Ostenrik ([[SK Rapid Wien|Rapid Wien]], [[Ostenrik national football team|national team]]).<ref>[http://www.skrapid.at/9610+M55957d0e281.html Trauer um Walter Glechner] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201053110/http://www.skrapid.at/9610%20M55957d0e281.html |date=2015-02-01 }} {{de icon}}</ref> *[[Bernice Gordon]], 101, panulis teka-teki silang AS (''[[The New York Times crossword puzzle|The New York Times]]''), gagal jantung.<ref>[http://www.philly.com/philly/obituaries/20150130_Bernice_Gordon__legendary_crossword_puzzle_writer__dies_at_101.html Bernice Gordon, legendary crossword puzzle writer, dies at 101]</ref> *[[Terry Hollindrake]], 80, juru main rugbi Liga Inggris.<ref>[http://www.keighleynews.co.uk/sport/11769879.Legend_Terry_Hollindrake__made_Keighley_proud_/ Legend Terry Hollindrake 'made Keighley proud']</ref> *[[Taeko Kono]], 88, panulis lan kritikus Jepang, gagal ambegan.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://mainichi.jp/english/english/features/news/20150130p2g00m0et033000c.html |title=Award-winning writer Kono dies at 88 |access-date=2015-11-14 |archive-date=2015-01-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150130142723/http://mainichi.jp/english/english/features/news/20150130p2g00m0et033000c.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Cedric Kushner]], 66, promotor tinju AS kalairan Afrika Kidul, serangan jantung.<ref>[http://espn.go.com/boxing/story/_/id/12251155/cedric-kushner-former-heavyweight-promoter-dies-66 Cedric Kushner dies at 66]</ref> *[[Noel Lister]], 87, pangusaha Britania ([[MFI Group]]).<ref>[http://www.iwcp.co.uk/news/news/uksa-founder-noel-lister-dies-74608.aspx UKSA founder Noel Lister dies]</ref> *[[Riichiro Manabe]], 90, komponis Jepang.<ref>[http://www.mst3kinfo.com/?p=19380 RIP Riichiro Manabe]</ref> *[[José Martins da Silva]], 78, rohaniawan Katulik Roma Brazilia, Biskop Agung [[Porto Velho]] (1982–1997).<ref>[http://catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bmardsil.html Archbishop José Martins da Silva]</ref> *[[Will McBride (fotografer)|Will McBride]], 84, juru fotografi AS.<ref>[http://www.welt.de/kultur/article136927287/Der-Mann-der-das-wilde-Berlin-entdeckte-ist-tot.html Der Mann, der das wilde Berlin entdeckte, ist tot] {{de icon}}</ref> *[[Danny McCulloch]], 69, juru main bas Inggris ([[The Animals]]), gagal jantung.<ref>[http://www.nme.com/blogs/nme-blogs/rip-the-animals-danny-mcculloch-read-a-moving-family-tribute The Animals' Danny McCulloch: Read A Moving Family Tribute]</ref> *[[Colleen McCullough]], 77, panulis Australia (''[[The Thorn Birds]]''), gagal ginjel.<ref>[http://www.stuff.co.nz/entertainment/books/65570040/colleen-mccullough-author-of-the-thorn-birds-dies Colleen McCullough, author of The Thorn Birds, dies]</ref> *[[Rod McKuen]], 81, pujangga AS, panyanyi lan panulis lagu ("[[Jean (lagu)|Jean]]", "[[Seasons in the Sun]]"), mandheg ambegan.<ref>[http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/music/posts/la-et-ms-rod-mckuen-dies-at-81-20150129-story.html Rod McKuen, prolific songwriter and poet, dies at 81]</ref> *[[Kel Nagle]], 94, juru main golf Australia, jawara British Open (1960).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://wwos.ninemsn.com.au/article.aspx?id=8951999 |title=Aussie golf great Nagle dies |access-date=2015-11-14 |archive-date=2015-01-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150129103957/http://wwos.ninemsn.com.au/article.aspx?id=8951999 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Paul Panhuysen]], 80, komponis Walanda.<ref>[http://www.ed.nl/regio/eindhoven/aartsvader-geluidskunst-paul-panhuysen-80-overleden-1.4740067 Aartsvader geluidskunst Paul Panhuysen (80) overleden] {{nl icon}}</ref> *[[Derek S. Pugh]], 84, psikolog Britania lan ahli téyori bisnis.<ref>[https://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/news/people/obituaries/derek-pugh-1930-2015/2018680.article Derek Pugh, 1930-2015]</ref> *[[Dora Prince]], 84, aktris Argèntina.<ref>[http://www.telam.com.ar/notas/201502/93723-fallecio-la-actriz-dora-prince.html Falleció la actriz Dora Prince] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209014923/http://www.telam.com.ar/notas/201502/93723-fallecio-la-actriz-dora-prince.html |date=2019-02-09 }} {{es icon}}</ref> *[[Derek Robertson (juru main bal-balan)|Derek Robertson]], 65, juru main bal-balan Sekotlan ([[St. Johnstone FC|St. Johnstone]]), kanker.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.perthstjohnstonefc.co.uk/newsitemsdetail.php?param=3351 |title=Long-Serving Goalkeeper Derek Robertson Passes Away |access-date=2015-11-14 |archive-date=2015-01-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150130192349/http://www.perthstjohnstonefc.co.uk/newsitemsdetail.php?param=3351 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Doris Schoettler-Boll]], 70, seniman Jerman.<ref>[http://www.atelierhaus-essen.de/DSB_Vita.shtml Doris Schöttler-Boll. Vita] {{de icon}}</ref> *[[Tenkoko Sonoda]], 96, pulitikus Jepang, anggota [[Diet Nasional|Diet]] (1946–1952).<ref>[http://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20150129/k10015067091000.html 女性初代議士 園田天光光さん死去] {{ja icon}}</ref> *[[Ole Sørensen (juru main bal-balan)|Ole Sørensen]], 77, juru main bal-balan Dènmark.<ref>[http://www.jv.dk/artikel/1932542:Sport--DOedsfald--En-af-fortidens-fodboldhelte-er-gaaet-bort Dødsfald: En af fortidens fodboldhelte er gået bort] {{dk icon}}</ref> *[[Peter Towe]], 92, diplomat Kanadha, Duta Agung ing Amérikah Sarékat (1977–1981).<ref>[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/ottawacitizen/obituary.aspx?pid=174021664 Peter TOWE Obituary]</ref> *[[Alexander Vraciu]], 96, juru anggegana jawara Angkatan Sagara AS sajeroning Perang Donya II, nampa pangaji [[Navy Cross]].<ref>[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/contracostatimes/obituary.aspx?n=alexander-vraciu&pid=174009213& Alexander Vraciu]</ref> *[[Israèl Yinon]], 59, konduktor musik Israèl.<ref>[http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/190717 Renowned Israèli Conductor Dies Mid-Concert]</ref> === 30 === *[[Richard Clark Barkley]], 82, diplomat AS, Duta Agung kanggo [[Jerman Wétan]] (1988–1990).<ref>[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/washingtonpost/obituary.aspx?pid=174050262 RICHARD C. BARKLEY Notice]</ref> *[[Carl Boldt]], 82, juru main baskèt AS ([[San Francisco Dons baskèt lanang|San Francisco Dons]]).<ref>[http://www.latimes.com/local/obituaries/la-me-carl-boldt-20150203-story.html Carl Boldt, teammate of Bill Russell in NCAA title run, dies at 82]</ref> *[[Ricardo Bressani]], 88, ahli nutrisi Guatemala, serangan jantung.<ref>[http://www.prensalibre.com/noticias/Ricardo_Bressani_0_1294670741.html Fallece Ricardo Bressani, pionero de la lucha contra la desnutrición] {{es icon}}</ref> * [[Carl Djerassi]], 91, kimiawan Ostenrik-Amérika, panulis novèl lan sandhiwara, kanker lèver lan balung.<ref>[http://forward.com/articles/213863/carl-djerassi-who-helped-discover-birth-control-pi/? Carl Djerassi, Who Helped Discover Birth Control Pill, Dies at 91]</ref> *[[Rose Frisch]], 96, ahli biologi AS.<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/12/science/rose-e-frisch-scientist-who-linked-body-fat-to-fertility-dies-at-96.html?ref=obituaries&_r=1 Rose E. Frisch, Scientist Who Linked Body Fat to Fertility, Dies at 96]</ref> *[[Johnny Goodman (prodhuser TV)|Johnny Goodman]], 87, prodhuser TV Britania.<ref>[http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/johnny-goodman-dead-bafta-chairman-769061 Ex-BAFTA Chairman Johnny Goodman Dies at 87]</ref> *[[Kenji Goto]], 47, wartawan Jepang lan sanderawan [[ISIS]], ditigas.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.news.com.au/world/islamic-state-releases-video-claiming-to-behead-japanese-hostage-kenji-goto/story-fndir2ev-1227203841336 |title=Islamic State releases video claiming to behead Japanese hostage Kenji Goto |access-date=2015-11-14 |archive-date=2015-10-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151023163339/http://www.news.com.au/world/islamic-state-releases-video-claiming-to-behead-japanese-hostage-kenji-goto/story-fndir2ev-1227203841336 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Harold Hassall]], 85, juru main bal-balan Inggris ([[Bolton Wanderers F.C.|Bolton Wanderers]]).<ref>[http://www.theboltonnews.co.uk/sport/11763830.Ex_England_and_Wanderers_striker_Harold_Hassall_passes_away__aged_85/ Ex-England and Wanderers striker Harold Hassall passes away, aged 85]</ref> *[[John Hopkins (aktivis pulitik)|John Hopkins]], 78, fotografer Britania, aktivis, lan promotor ([[Notting Hill Carnival]], ''[[International Times]]'').<ref>[http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/news/john-hopkins-charismatic-photographer-activist-and-leading-figure-in-londons-counterculture-of-the-sixties-10021833.html John Hopkins: Charismatic photographer, activist and leading figure in London's counterculture of the Sixties]</ref> *[[Stuart Inder]], 88, wartawan Australia lan panerbit, spésialisasi ing urusan [[Kapuloan Pasifik]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://asopa.typepad.com/asopa_people/2015/02/doyen-of-pacific-journalism-stuart-inder-mbe-dies-at-88.html |title=Doyen of Pacific journalism, Stuart Inder MBE, dies at 88 |access-date=2015-11-14 |archive-date=2015-02-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150214163606/http://asopa.typepad.com/asopa_people/2015/02/doyen-of-pacific-journalism-stuart-inder-mbe-dies-at-88.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Ülo Kaevats]], 67, filsuf lan pulitikus Èstonia, Sèkretaris Nagara (1992–1995).<ref>[http://www.ttu.ee/news/news-2/faculties-institutions/ragnar-nurkse-school-of-innovation-and-governance-3/professor-emeritus-ulo-kaevats-has-died/ Professor Emeritus Ülo Kaevats has died]</ref> *[[Jack Kay]], 63, tokoh administrator akadémi AS.<ref>[http://www.heritage.com/articles/2015/02/01/ypsilanti_courier/news/doc54cd2f3ba28d3467098961.txt Former EMU provost and current professor Jack Kay dies at 63]</ref> * [[Geraldine McEwan]], 82, aktris Britania (''[[Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves]]'', ''[[Agatha Christie's Marple]]''), setruk.<ref>[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/11382848/Geraldine-McEwan-actress-obituary.html Geraldine McEwan, actress - obituary]</ref> *[[John McHugh (Ohio)|John McHugh]], 84, pulitikus AS, walikutha [[Toledo, Ohio]] (1990–1993), cancer.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.toledoblade.com/local/2015/01/30/Former-Toledo-mayor-John-McHugh-dies-at-84.html |title=Former Toledo mayor John McHugh dies at 84 |access-date=2015-11-14 |archive-date=2015-10-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151024100248/http://www.toledoblade.com/local/2015/01/30/Former-Toledo-mayor-John-McHugh-dies-at-84.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Howard Norris]], 80, juru main rugbi union Britania (Tim nasional rugbi Wales, [[British and Irish Lions|British Lions]]).<ref>[http://www.espnscrum.com/wales/rugby/story/254445.html Wales and Lions prop Howard Norris dies]</ref> *[[Richard Richards (Utah)|Richard Richards]], 82, pulitikus AS, pangrèh [[Republican National Committee]] (1981–1983).<ref>[http://www.sltrib.com/home/2121671-155/richard-richards-republican-party-icon-dies Richard Richards, Republican Party icon, dies at age 82]</ref> *[[Ben Schadler]], 90, juru main baskèt AS.<ref>[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/mercurynews/obituary.aspx?pid=174080237 Bernard (Ben) Schadler]</ref> *[[Jerry L. Smith]], 71, pulitikus AS lan anggota DPRD (1972-1980) lan Sénat (1980-2004) Oklahoma.<ref>[http://www.tulsaworld.com/news/local/longtime-oklahoma-lawmaker-jerry-smith-dies-at/article_38d2e154-ea4b-5a3e-95c2-eefed5fc9c79.html Longtime Oklahoma lawmaker Jerry Smith dies at 71]</ref> *[[Gerrit Voorting]], 92, pambalap profèsional pit Walanda, pamenang medali pirak Olimpiade (1948).<ref>[http://rvmn.nl/obituary-gerrit-voorting/ Obituary Gerrit Voorting]{{Pranala mati|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> *[[Than Wyenn]], 95, aktor AS (''[[Imitation of Life (filem taun 1959)|Imitation of Life]], [[Splash (filem)|Splash]], [[Being There]]'').<ref>[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/latimes/obituary.aspx?n=Than-Wyenn&pid=174028539 Than Wyenn Obituary]</ref> *[[Zhelyu Zhelev]], 79, pulitikus Bulgaria, Présidèn (1990–1997).<ref>[http://www.novinite.com/articles/166247/Bulgaria's+Former+President+Zhelyu+Zhelev+Dies Bulgaria's Former President Zhelyu Zhelev Dies]</ref> === 31 === *[[Harith bin Ghazi al-Nadhari]], militan Yémen, serangan drone.<ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-31147424 Yemen al-Qaeda militant al-Nadhari killed by US drone]</ref> *[[Vasco Bendini]], 93, palukis [[informalisme|informalis]] Italia.<ref>[http://www.artribune.com/2015/01/morto-a-93-anni-vasco-bendini-fra-i-maggiori-pittori-italiani-del-secondo-novecento-un-allievo-di-morandi-poi-protagonista-dellinformale-allitaliana/ Morto a 93 anni Vasco Bendini, fra i maggiori pittori italiani del secondo Novecento] {{it icon}}</ref> *[[Robert Blees]], 96, prodhuser lan panulis skénario filem lan TV AS (''[[Cattle Queen of Montana]]'').<ref>[http://deadline.com/2015/02/robert-blees-dies-film-tv-writer-producer-1201367122/ Robert Blees, Writer & Producer, Dies At 96]</ref> *[[José Manuel Lara Bosch]], 68, èksekutif média Spanyol, CEO [[Grupo Planeta]] (wiwit 2003) lan [[Atresmedia]] (wiwit 2012), kanker pankréas.<ref>[http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-01-31/jose-lara-bosch-spanish-médhia-magnate-dies-at-68 Jose Lara Bosch, Spanish Media Magnate, Dies at 68]</ref> *[[Tomás Bulat]], 50, ahli ékonomi lan wartawan Argèntina, tabrakan lalu lintas.<ref>[http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1764735-murio-el-periodista-tomas-bulat-en-un-accidente-de-transito Murió el economista Tomás Bulat en un accidente de tránsito] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150723131317/http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1764735-murio-el-periodista-tomas-bulat-en-un-accidente-de-transito |date=2015-07-23 }} {{es icon}}</ref> *[[Earl Christensen]], 95, pulitikus AS, anggota Sénat [[Wyoming]] (1959–1984).<ref>[http://rapidcityjournal.com/obits/christensen-earl/article_02655c06-0396-5161-ad52-b32795951e80.html Christensen, Earl]</ref> *[[Don Covay]], 76, panyanyi lan panulis lagu R&B AS ("[[Chain of Fools]]").<ref>[http://www.soulwalking.co.uk/Respect.html don covay]</ref> *[[Vic Howe]], 85, juru main hoki ès Kanadha ([[New York Rangers]]).<ref>[http://www.nhl.com/ice/news.htm?id=751524 Vic Howe, brother of hockey legend, dies at 85]</ref> *[[William Klinger]], 42, sajarawan Kroasia, ditémbak.<ref>[http://www.northjersey.com/news/nypd-after-stay-in-ridgewood-historian-slain-in-queens-1.1263241 NYPD: After stay in Ridgewood, historian slain in Queens]</ref> *[[Udo Lattek]], 80, palatih bal-balan Jerman ([[Bayern München]], [[Borussia Mönchengladbach]]).<ref>[http://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/udo-lattek-football-coach-who-won-the-european-cup-uefa-cup-and-cupwinners-cup-with-three-different-clubs-10220305.html Udo Lattek: Football coach who won the European Cup, Uefa Cup and Cup-Winners' Cup with three different clubs]</ref> *[[Adalberto Arturo Rosat]], 81, rohaniawan Bolivia kalairan Italia, Biskop [[Aiquile]] (1986–2009).<ref>[http://catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/brosat.html Bishop Adalberto Arturo Rosat]</ref> *[[Michael Saward]], 82, pastur Anglikan lan panulis lagu himne Britania.<ref>[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/11384795/Canon-Michael-Saward-clergyman-obituary.html Canon Michael Saward, clergyman - obituary]</ref> *[[Lizabeth Scott]], 92, aktris AS (''[[Dead Reckoning (filem)|Dead Reckoning]]'').<ref>[http://www.theguardian.com/film/2015/feb/06/lizabeth-scott Lizabeth Scott obituary]</ref> *[[Richard von Weizsäcker]], 94, pulitikus Jerman, Présidèn [[Jerman Kulon]] (1984–1990) lan [[Jerman]] (1990–1994).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/2015/01/31/uk-germany-weizsaecker-idUKKBN0L40F720150131 |title=Germany's von Weizsaecker, president at unification, dies at 94 |access-date=2015-11-14 |archive-date=2015-02-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201001203/http://uk.reuters.com/article/2015/01/31/uk-germany-weizsaecker-idUKKBN0L40F720150131 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Cathetan sikil == {{reflist|3}} [[Kategori:Pati 2015]] [[Kategori:2015]] 6evrw8h9ey9zprynzxexvysnry4tf8z 0 160112 1755920 1752851 2026-09-01T09:58:38Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1755920 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''The Heirs''''' ( {{Lang|ko|왕관을 쓰려는 자, 그 무게를 견뎌라 – 상속자들}} ), uga dikenal minangka ''The Inheritors'', ya iku sèrial televisi [[Koréa Kidul|Korea Kidul kang]] dibintangi [[Lee Min Ho|Lee Min-ho]], [[Park Shin-hye]] lan Kim Woo-bin . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20131008000723|title=Lee Min-ho, back to class|last=Oh|first=Jean|date=October 8, 2013|website=[[The Korea Herald]]|access-date=February 3, 2014}}</ref> Ditulis déning Kim Eun-sook, ''setting'' drama kasebut ing sawijining sekolah menengah sing dipanggonké déning wong sing duwé hak istimewa lan sugih. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=2978629|title=Famed scriptwriter revels in cliche|last=Won|first=Ho-yeon|date=October 10, 2013|website=[[Korea JoongAng Daily]]|access-date=February 3, 2014|archive-date=August 11, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180811033201/http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/article.aspx?aId=2978629|url-status=dead}}</ref> Drama iki disiarké ing SBS saka 9 Oktober nganti 12 Desember 2013. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tenasia.com/lee-min-ho-park-shin-hye-team-up-for-1st-script-reading-session-of-inherits/|title=Lee Min-ho, Park Shin-hye Team Up for 1st Script Reading Session of ''Inherits''|last=Kang|first=Jung-yeon|date=September 5, 2013|website=TenAsia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140328152611/http://www.tenasia.com/lee-min-ho-park-shin-hye-team-up-for-1st-script-reading-session-of-inherits/|archive-date=March 28, 2014|url-status=dead|access-date=February 3, 2014}}</ref> Drama iki minangka drama Korea pisanan kang digawé déning platform distribusi digital Amérika ''DramaFever'' lan perusahaan produksi Korea Hwa <nowiki>&</nowiki>amp; Dam Pictures . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hancinema.net/dramafever-set-to-premiere-first-original-co-production-the-heirs-61317.html|title=Dramafever Set To Premiere First Original Co-production ''The Heirs''|date=October 8, 2013|website=[[Hancinema]]|access-date=February 3, 2014}}</ref> Seri iki minangka ''hit'' utama ing Korea Kidul lan nampa popularitas ing Asia. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kdramastars.com/articles/13557/20131228/2013-kdramas-that-got-the-best-ratings.htm|title=2013 Kdramas That Got The Best Ratings : Drama Stories|date=|website=KDramaStars|access-date=December 29, 2016}}</ref> <ref name="hallyu">{{Cite web|url=http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/Article.aspx?aid=2986309|title=Hallyu booming again in China, bigger than ever|date=March 14, 2014|website=[[Korea JoongAng Daily]]|access-date=April 26, 2019|archive-date=May 28, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160528230918/http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/Article.aspx?aid=2986309|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=2984060|title=''Cinderella'' programs enchant TV audiences|last=Lee|first=Da-gyeong|last2=Ha|first2=Hyeon-kyung|date=January 25, 2014|website=[[Korea JoongAng Daily]]|access-date=February 3, 2014|archive-date=July 20, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180720135725/http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=2984060|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Sinopsis == Seri kasebut nyeritaké klompok siswa sugih, kaya sing bakal nguwasani kerajaan bisnis, ngatasi kesulitan lan ngembangaké saben langkah bisnisé. Kim Tan ( [[Lee Min Ho|Lee Min-ho]] ) minangka pewaris sugih ing konglomerat Korea sing diarani Jeguk Group. <ref> ''Jeguk'' tegese "kekaisaran" ing basa [[Korean language|Korea]] . </ref> Dhèwèké diasingaké menyang AS déning kakangné Kim Won ( Choi Jin-hyuk ), sing nyoba ngontrol bisnis keluarga. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tenasia.com/lee-min-ho-choi-jin-hyuk-to-have-fiery-showdown-in-the-inheritors/|title=Lee Min-ho, Choi Jin-hyuk to Have Fiery Showdown in ''The Inheritors''|last=Lee|first=Hye-ji|date=October 1, 2013|website=TenAsia|access-date=February 3, 2014|archive-date=March 28, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140328131716/http://www.tenasia.com/lee-min-ho-choi-jin-hyuk-to-have-fiery-showdown-in-the-inheritors/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Nalika ing Amerika Serikat, dhèwèké ketemu Cha Eun-sang ( [[Park Shin-hye]] ). <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tenasia.com/lee-min-ho-park-shin-hye-to-have-romantic-encounter-in-inherits/|title=Lee Min-ho, Park Shin-hye to Have Romantic Encounter in ''Inherits''|last=Kang|first=Jung-yeon|date=September 24, 2013|website=TenAsia|access-date=February 3, 2014|archive-date=March 28, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140328135127/http://www.tenasia.com/lee-min-ho-park-shin-hye-to-have-romantic-encounter-in-inherits/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Kim Tan langsung jatuh cinta karo Eun-sang. Nalika Kim Tan bali menyang Korea, mungsuhe Choi Young-do ( Kim Woo-bin ) wiwit milih Eun-sang kanggo nganggu Tan. Ketegangan nyebabaké nalika Young-do uga jatuh cinta karo Eun-sang, lan Kim Tan dipeksa milih antarane tanggung jawab dhèwèké kanggo nggayuh bisnis kulawarga utawa katresnan. == Paraga == === Utama === * [[Lee Min Ho|Lee Min-ho]] minangka Kim Tan <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://enewsworld.interest.me/enews/contents.asp?idx=32681|title=Lee Min Ho to Return to TV with ''Secret Garden'' Writer|last=Hong|first=Grace Danbi|date=March 29, 2013|website=enewsWorld|access-date=May 31, 2013}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=2978516|title=Lee Min-ho heads back to high school|last=Lee|first=Sun-min|date=October 8, 2013|website=[[Korea JoongAng Daily]]|access-date=February 3, 2014|archive-date=September 20, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180920161258/http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/article.aspx?aId=2978516|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tenasia.com/interview-lee-min-ho-now-the-fatally-attractive-inheritor-kim-tan/|title=INTERVIEW: Lee Min-ho, Now the Fatally Attractive Inheritor Kim Tan|last=Bae|first=Sun-young|date=October 11, 2013|website=TenAsia|access-date=February 3, 2014|archive-date=March 28, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140328133816/http://www.tenasia.com/interview-lee-min-ho-now-the-fatally-attractive-inheritor-kim-tan/|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mwave.interest.me/enewsworld/en/article/54726/interview-leeminho-talks-about-acting-in-the-heirs|title=Interview: Lee Min Ho Talks About Why He Chose ''The Heirs''|last=Lee|first=Na-rae|date=December 31, 2013|website=enewsWorld|access-date=February 3, 2014|archive-date=March 3, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303195029/http://mwave.interest.me/enewsworld/en/article/54726/interview-leeminho-talks-about-acting-in-the-heirs|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mwave.interest.me/enewsworld/en/article/54744/interview-leeminho-talks-about-his-fame-and-popularity|title=Interview: Lee Min Ho Talks About the Weight of His Crown as a Star|last=Kim|first=Ji-yeon|date=January 1, 2014|website=enewsWorld|access-date=February 3, 2014}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mwave.interest.me/enewsworld/en/article/54736/interview-leeminho-talks-about-kimwoobin-in-interview|title=Interview: ''The Heirs'' Lee Min Ho Says Kim Woo Bin is a Mature Friend|last=Lee|first=Na-rae|date=January 1, 2014|website=enewsWorld|access-date=February 3, 2014}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=2982879|title=Lee Min-ho done with high school|last=Won|first=Ho-yeon|date=January 2, 2014|website=[[Korea JoongAng Daily]]|access-date=February 3, 2014}}</ref> ** Jung Chan-woo minangka bocah enom Tan * [[Park Shin-hye]] minangka Cha Eun-sang <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://enewsworld.interest.me/enews/contents.asp?idx=33298|title=Park Shin Hye Cast for ''The Heirs''|last=An|first=So-hyun|date=April 5, 2013|website=enewsWorld|access-date=May 31, 2013|archive-date=June 8, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130608083227/http://enewsworld.interest.me/enews/contents.asp?idx=33298|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://koreajoongangdaily.joinsmsn.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=2969691|title=Park Shin-hye to star in SBS drama|last=Lee|first=Sun-min|date=April 6, 2013|website=[[Korea JoongAng Daily]]|access-date=June 15, 2013}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tenasia.com/park-shin-hye-says-hearty-goodbye-to-the-inheritors/|title=Park Shin-hye Says Hearty Goodbye to ''The Inheritors''|last=Lee|first=Cory|date=December 31, 2013|website=TenAsia|access-date=February 3, 2014|archive-date=March 28, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140328135805/http://www.tenasia.com/park-shin-hye-says-hearty-goodbye-to-the-inheritors/|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2014/01/04/2014010400376.html|title=Park Shin-hye Scales Acting Career High with New Series|date=January 4, 2014|website=[[The Chosun Ilbo]]|access-date=February 3, 2014}}</ref> * Kim Woo-bin minangka Choi Young-do <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mwave.interest.me/enewsworld/article/40836|title=Kim Woo Bin Confirmed in Role for ''The Heirs''|last=An|first=So-hyoun|date=July 16, 2013|website=enewsWorld|access-date=July 19, 2013}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=2981877|title=Kim Woo-bin's star shines ever bright|last=Lee|first=Sun-min|date=December 12, 2013|website=[[Korea JoongAng Daily]]|access-date=February 3, 2014|archive-date=November 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116021221/http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=2981877|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=2982487|title=Model inherits rebellious role|last=Kim|first=Yeon-ji|date=December 24, 2013|website=[[Korea JoongAng Daily]]|access-date=February 3, 2014|archive-date=November 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116024728/http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=2982487|url-status=dead}}</ref> ** Yang Hyun-mo minangka Choi Young-do enom === Aktor Pendhukung === * Kim Ji-won minangka Rachel Yoo <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mwave.interest.me/en/kpop-news/article/51224/kim-ji-won-poses-for-instyle|title=Kim Ji Won Enjoys Working with Flower Boys Everywhere|website=enewsWorld}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2014/01/08/2014010800707.html|title=Kim Ji-won on Playing the Woman Viewers Love to Hate|date=January 8, 2014|website=The Chosun Ilbo}}</ref> * Kang Min-hyuk minangka Yoon Chan-young <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tenasia.com/cnblue-kang-min-hyuk-shows-golden-smile-on-the-set-of-inherits/|title=CNBLUE Kang Min-hyuk Shows Golden Smile on the Set of ''Inherits''|last=Lee|first=Hye-ji|date=September 12, 2013|website=TenAsia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140328132143/http://www.tenasia.com/cnblue-kang-min-hyuk-shows-golden-smile-on-the-set-of-inherits/|archive-date=March 28, 2014|url-status=dead|access-date=February 3, 2014}}</ref> <ref name="cast">{{Cite web|url=http://en.tenasia.com/archives/65187|title=CNBLUE Kang Min-hyuk, ZE:A Hyungsik Join Lee Min-ho Drama|date=July 17, 2013|website=10Asia|access-date=April 26, 2019|archive-date=February 1, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180201075757/http://en.tenasia.com/archives/65187|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Kang Ha-neul minangka Lee Hyo-shin <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mwave.interest.me/enewsworld/en/article/51226/kang-ha-neul-poses-for-instyle|title=Kang Ha Neul Feels like He's Really Going to School While Filming ''The Heirs''|last=Hong|first=Grace Danbi|date=November 20, 2013|website=enewsWorld|access-date=February 3, 2014}}</ref> * [[Krystal Jung]] minangka Lee Bo-na <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tenasia.com/fx-krystal-to-turn-perfect-girl-in-inheritors/|title=f(x) Krystal to Turn Perfect Girl in ''Inheritors''|last=Lee|first=Hye-ji|date=September 16, 2013|website=TenAsia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140328132507/http://www.tenasia.com/fx-krystal-to-turn-perfect-girl-in-inheritors/|archive-date=March 28, 2014|url-status=dead|access-date=February 3, 2014}}</ref> * Park Hyung-sik minangka Jo Myung-soo <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://web.archive.org/en/web/20170729181215/http://mwave.interest.me/en/kpop-news/article/47614/hyung-siks-character-is-just-like-him|title=ZE:A’s Hyung Sik says His Character Was Written for Him|date=October 17, 2013|website=Mwave}}</ref> <ref name="cast"/> * Jeon Soo-jin minangka Kang Ye-sol * Choi Tae-hwan minangka Lee Sang-woo * Yang Seung-pil minangka Hyo-joon * Cho Yoon-woo minangka Moon Joon-young <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hancinema.net/jo-yoon-woo-on-site-61973.html|title=Jo Yoon-woo on site|date=October 25, 2013|website=Hancinema|publisher=Xports News}}</ref> ==''Remake''== Drama televisi Cina taun 2014 kanthi irah-irahan ''Billion Dollar Heir'' (口万 继承人) dibintangi Yu Xiao Tong, Kan Qing Zi lan penyanyi Korea- [[Choi Siwon]] wiwitané dilaporaké minangka ''remake'' ''The Heirs'', <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mwave.interest.me/enewsworld/en/article/54469/chinese-version-of-the-heirs-will-come-out-in-2014|title=China to Remake ''The Heirs'' and Start Filming in January|last=Jo|first=Yeon-kyung|date=December 26, 2013|website=enewsWorld|access-date=February 3, 2014}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tenasia.com/super-juniors-siwon-cast-in-chinese-drama/|title=Super Junior's Siwon Cast in Chinese Drama|last=Kim|first=Gwang-kuk|date=February 3, 2014|website=TenAsia|access-date=February 4, 2014|archive-date=March 28, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140328132843/http://www.tenasia.com/super-juniors-siwon-cast-in-chinese-drama/|url-status=dead}}</ref> nanging ditolak dening Choi lan sutradara Li Shao Hong, nyathet crita lan karakter sing beda-beda. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/Article.aspx?aid=2988646|title=Si-won to star in Chinese drama|last=Kim|first=Hee-eun|date=May 2, 2014|website=[[Korea JoongAng Daily]]|access-date=May 2, 2014}}</ref> Ing 2016, diumumaké yèn film Korea-Cina adhedhasar ''The Heirs'' ing karya. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.soompi.com/2016/02/23/chinese-film-based-on-heirs-to-be-co-produced-between-korea-and-china|title=Chinese Film Based on "Heirs" to Be Co-Produced Between Korea and China|date=February 23, 2016|website=[[Soompi]]|access-date=April 26, 2019|archive-date=January 8, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170108094028/https://www.soompi.com/2016/02/23/chinese-film-based-on-heirs-to-be-co-produced-between-korea-and-china/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Rujukan == <references group="" responsive="0"></references> == Pranala njaba == * Situs web resmi {{Ko icon}} * {{Hancinema film|The_Heirs|The Heirs}} * {{IMDb title|3243098|The Heirs}} [[Kategori:Koréa]] [[Kategori:Korean Broadcasting System]] [[Kategori:Drama Seri Koréa]] [[Kategori:Kaca mawa pertalan kang durung kapriksa]] [[Kategori:Filem]] irqlqi77h7la3d9ptchmnji776kl0zt 0 160622 1755912 1648734 2026-09-01T04:08:15Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1755912 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox film|name=Ready Player One|image=Ready player one ver2 xlg.jpg|image_size=250px|caption=Poster film ''Ready Player One''|director=[[Steven Spielberg]]|producer=Steven Spielberg<br>Donald De Line<br>Dan Farah<br>[[Kristie Macosko Krieger]]|screenplay=[[Zak Penn]]<br>Ernest Cline|based on={{based on|''Ready Player One''|Ernest Cline}}|starring=[[Tye Sheridan]]<br>[[Olivia Cooke]]<br>[[Ben Mendelsohn]]<br>[[T. J. Miller]]<br>[[Simon Pegg]]<br>[[Mark Rylance]]|music=[[Alan Silvestri]]<ref name="Silvestri">{{cite news |last1=Burlingame |first1=Jon |title=John Williams and Alan Silvestri to Score Steven Spielberg's Next Films (EXCLUSIVE) |url=https://variety.com/2017/film/news/john-williams-alan-silvestri-steven-spielberg-ready-player-one-the-papers-1202490105/ |accessdate=July 8, 2017 |work=[[Variety (majalah)|Variety]] |publisher=Variety Media, LLC |date=July 7, 2017}}</ref>|cinematography=[[Janusz Kamiński]]|editing=[[Michael Kahn]]<br>Sarah Broshar|studio=[[Warner Bros.|Warner Bros. Pictures]]<ref name="insight">{{cite web|url=http://www.varietyinsight.com/print_featurefilm_releases.php |title=Film Releases |work=[[Variety (majalah)|Variety Insight]] |accessdate=September 16, 2016}}</ref><br>Amblin Partners<ref name="insight" /><br>Amblin Entertainment<ref name="insight" /><br>Village Roadshow Pictures<ref name="insight" /><br>De Line Pictures<ref name="insight" /><br>Farah Films & Management<ref name="insight" />|distributor=Warner Bros. Pictures|released={{film date|2018|3|11|South by Southwest|2018|3|29|Amerika Serikat}}|runtime=140 menit<!--Theatrical runtime: 139:49--><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/ready-player-one-film |title=Ready Player One (12A) |work=[[British Board of Film Classification]] |date=March 19, 2018 |accessdate=March 23, 2018}}</ref>|country=Amerika Serikat|language=Bahasa Inggris|budget=$175 juta<ref>{{cite web|url=http://variety.com/2018/film/news/steven-spielberg-ready-player-one-sxsw-1202724219/ |title=Steven Spielberg on Why ‘Ready Player One’s’ SXSW Debut Gave Him an ‘Anxiety Attack’ |author1=Rebecca Rubin |author2=Ramin Setoodeh |publisher=[[Variety (majalaj)|Variety]] |date=March 12, 2018 |accessdate=March 13, 2018}}</ref>|gross=$582,218,455<ref name="BOM">{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=readyplayerone.htm |title=Ready Player One (2018) |work=Box Office Mojo |accessdate=April 28, 2018}}</ref>|border=no}} '''''Ready Player One''''' nggih punika [[filem]] fiksi ilmiah pangembaran saking [[Amérikah Sarékat]] ingkang dipundamel taun 2018. Filem punika dipunarahaken déning [[Steven Spielberg]] kadamel déning Steven Spielberg, Donald De Line, Dan Farah, lan [[Kristie Macosko Krieger]]. Skénario kagem filem punika kaanggit déning [[Zak Penn]] lan Ernest Cline adhedhasar saking [[novel]] sesirah ''Ready Player One'' anggitanipun Ernest Cline. Wondéné para juru paraga ingkang kapracaya maragani film punika antawisipun [[Tye Sheridan]], [[Olivia Cooke]], [[Ben Mendelsohn]], [[T.J. Miller]], [[Simon Pegg]], lan [[Mark Rylance]]. Filém ''Ready Player One'' dipungiyaraken kaping pisanipun wonten South déning Southwest surya 11 Maret 2018<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.sxsw.com/film/2018/2018-sxsw-film-festival-announces-world-premiere-steven-spielbergs-ready-player-one/|title=2018 SXSW Film Festival Announces World Premiere of Steven Spielberg’s Ready Player One|last1=Aziz|first1=Neha|date=March 10, 2018|work=SXSW Conference & Festivals|accessdate=March 11, 2018|publisher=SXSW, LLC|archive-date=March 10, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180310215034/https://www.sxsw.com/film/2018/2018-sxsw-film-festival-announces-world-premiere-steven-spielbergs-ready-player-one/|url-status=dead}}</ref> lan kabar kagem sagung pamirsa Amérikah Sarékat ing surya 29 Maret 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://deadline.com/2018/01/ready-player-one-open-day-earlier-easter-weekend-1202269325/|title='Ready Player One' Opening A Day Earlier Over Easter Weekend|last=D'Alessandro|first=Anthony|date=January 25, 2018|website=[[Deadline.com]]|accessdate=January 25, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://collider.com/ready-player-one-movie-release-date-star-wars-2018/|title=Steven Spielberg's 'Ready Player One' Flees 'Star Wars', Sets New 2018 Release Date|last=Chitwood|first=Adam|date=February 9, 2016|website=[[Collider (website)|Collider]]|publisher=[[Complex (majalah)|Complex Media, Inc.]]|accessdate=June 10, 2017}}</ref> Filem punika pikantuk pangalembana saking para juru kritik. == Juru paraga == * [[Tye Sheridan]] minangka Wade Watts / Parzival<ref name="SheridanCast">{{cite news|url=http://collider.com/ready-player-one-movie-tye-sheridan-steven-spielberg/|title=Tye Sheridan Lands Lead in Steven Spielberg's 'Ready Player One'|last=Chitwood|first=Adam|date=February 24, 2016|work=[[Collider (website)|Collider]]|publisher=[[Complex (majalah)|Complex Media, Inc.]]}}</ref> * [[Olivia Cooke]] minangka Samantha "Sam" Cook / Art3mis<ref name="CookeCast">{{cite news|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/steven-spielbergs-ready-player-one-821728|title=Steven Spielberg's 'Ready Player One' Finds Female Lead in Olivia Cooke (Exclusive)|last1=Kit|first1=Borys|date=September 11, 2015|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|accessdate=September 13, 2015|publisher=[[Prometheus Global Media|Prometheus Global Media Inc.]]}}</ref> * [[Ben Mendelsohn]] minangka Nolan Sorrento<ref name="Jan2016THR">{{cite news|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/ben-mendelsohn-eyed-villain-role-852265|title=Ben Mendelsohn Eyed for Villain Role in Steven Spielberg's 'Ready Player One' (Exclusive)|last1=Kit|first1=Borys|date=January 6, 2016|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|accessdate=January 7, 2016|publisher=[[Prometheus Global Media|Prometheus Global Media Inc.]]}}</ref> * [[T. J. Miller]] minangka i-R0k<ref>{{cite web|url=https://screenrant.com/ready-player-one-movie-poster/|title=New Poster For Ready Player One Promises A Better Reality|date=December 9, 2017|publisher=Screen Rant}}</ref> * [[Simon Pegg]] minangka Ogden "Og" Morrow / Curator<ref name="PeggCast">{{cite news|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/simon-pegg-talks-join-steven-876613|title=Simon Pegg in Talks to Join Steven Spielberg's 'Ready Player One' (Exclusive)|last1=Kit|first1=Borys|date=March 17, 2016|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|accessdate=March 19, 2016|publisher=[[Prometheus Global Media|Prometheus Global Media Inc.]]}}</ref> * [[Mark Rylance]] minangka James Halliday / Anorak<ref name="RylanceCast">{{cite news|url=https://variety.com/2016/film/news/steven-spielberg-ready-player-one-mark-rylance-1201752474/|title=Mark Rylance Joins Steven Spielberg's 'Ready Player One'|last=McNary|first=Dave|date=April 13, 2016|work=[[Variety (majalah)|Variety]]|accessdate=June 9, 2016|publisher=Variety Media, LLC}}</ref> * Lena Waithe minangka Helen Harris / Aech<ref>{{cite news|url=http://ew.com/movies/2017/07/14/ready-player-one-first-look-photo/|title=See an exclusive first look at Steven Spielberg's Ready Player One|work=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|publisher=[[Time Inc.]]|access-date=2019-05-10|archive-date=2017-07-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170717050656/http://ew.com/movies/2017/07/14/ready-player-one-first-look-photo/|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Win Morisaki minangka Toshiro / Daito<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/win-morisaki-joins-steven-spielbergs-ready-player-one-899810|title=Steven Spielberg's 'Ready Player One' Adds Japanese Actor-Singer Win Morisaki|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|accessdate=August 9, 2017|publisher=[[Prometheus Global Media|Prometheus Global Media Inc.]]|language=en}}</ref> * Philip Zhao minangka Zhou / Sho<ref name="ZhouCast">{{cite news|url=http://deadline.com/2016/07/philip-zhao-ready-player-one-abrams-artist-agency-1201794960/|title=Steven Spielberg's 'Ready Player One' Casts Young Newcomer Philip Zhao|last1=Busch|first1=Anita|date=July 29, 2016|work=[[Deadline.com|Deadline]]|accessdate=July 30, 2016|publisher=[[Penske Media Corporation|Penske Business Media, LLC]]}}</ref> * [[Hannah John-Kamen]] minangka F'Nale Zandor<ref name="KamenCast">{{cite news|url=http://deadline.com/2016/06/hannah-john-kamen-ready-player-one-steven-spielberg-cast-1201778572/|title=Hannah John-Kamen Lands Role In Steven Spielberg's 'Ready Player One'|last1=Busch|first1=Anita|date=June 24, 2016|work=[[Deadline.com|Deadline]]|accessdate=June 25, 2016|publisher=[[Penske Media Corporation|Penske Business Media, LLC]]}}</ref> * Susan Lynch minangka Alice * Ralph Ineson minangka Rick<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bloody-disgusting.com/news/3449009/freddy-krueger-appears-epic-ready-player-one-trailer-sdcc/|title=Freddy Krueger Appears in Epic 'Ready Player One' Trailer! #SDCC - Bloody Disgusting|website=[[Bloody Disgusting]]}}</ref> * Perdita Weeks minangka Karen "Kira" Underwood * Clare Higgins minangka Mrs. Gilmore * Letitia Wright minangka pemberontak yang terlihat di markas perlindungan<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ew.com/movies/2018/02/16/black-panther-letitia-wright-5-things-to-know/|title=5 things to know about Black Panther breakout star Letitia Wright|work=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|accessdate=February 22, 2018}}</ref> * [[Mckenna Grace]] minangka siswa sekolah dasar * Lulu Wilson minangka siswa sekolah dasar == Ngendikanipun juru kritik == Filem ''Ready Player One'' pikantuk pangalembana saking para juru kritik. Adhedhasar ''[[Rotten Tomatoes]]'', filem punika pikantuk angka 72%, adhedhasar sakin 373 pambiji, kanthi rata-rata 6.9 saking 10.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/ready_player_one|title=Ready Player One (2018)|website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]|accessdate=March 23, 2018}}</ref> ''[[Metacritic]]'' mratélakaken, filem pikantuk angka 64 saking100, adhedhasar saking 55 ngendikanipun para juru kritik, negesaken bilih "pikantuk biji saé".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.metacritic.com/movie/ready-player-one|title=Ready Player One reviews|publisher=[[Metacritic]]|accessdate=March 23, 2018}}</ref> ''CinemaScore'' mratélakaken, filem punika pikantuk biji "A-" saking para pamirsa, saking A+ dumugi F.<ref name="CinemaScore">{{cite web|url=https://www.cinemascore.com/|title=CinemaScore|work=cinemascore.com}}</ref> == Box office == Filem ''Ready Player One'' kasil ngempalaken arta dumugi $137,018,455 ing Amérika Ler lan $445,200,000 ing negari sanèsipun. Total jendral arta kang katampi nggih punika $582,218,455, nglangkungi ardhana ingkang sampun dipundalaken kagem pandamelan, nggih punika $175 yuta.<ref name="BOM" /> Ing pamirsan pungkasan peken, filem punika taksih ngempalaken arta $41,764,050, magggeni papan paling inggil wonten box office.<ref name="BOM" /> == Rujukan == {{reflist}} == Pranala njawi == * {{IMDb title|1677720|Ready Player One}} * {{Mojo title|readyplayerone|Ready Player One}} * {{Metacritic film|ready-player-one|Ready Player One}} * {{Rotten Tomatoes|ready_player_one|Ready Player One}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ready Player One}} [[Kategori:Filem abasa Inggris]] [[Kategori:Filem fantasi]] [[Kategori:Filem fiksi ilmiah]] [[Kategori:Filem petualangan]] [[Kategori:Filem Amérikah Sarékat taun 2018]] [[Kategori:Filem Amérikah Sarékat]] 4c1dqfyoqqlzvspkwe8zqu5wqyy46qh 0 164824 1755891 1751212 2026-08-31T14:19:49Z ~2026-38892-59 73578 /* Seni rupa */ 1755891 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group | group = <br/>Wong Melayu<br/>''Orang Melayu''<br/>أورڠ ملايو | image = [[Gambar:Siti Nurhaliza - KLIFF 08.jpg|57px|Siti Nurhaliza]] [[Gambar:Mahathir 2007.jpg|57px|Mahathir Mohammad]] [[Gambar:Muszaphar shukor.jpg|57px|Sheikh Muszaphar Shukor]]<br/>[[Gambar:Amir Hamzah portrait edit.jpg|51px|Amir Hamzah]] [[Gambar:Raja Ali Haji.jpg|57px|Raja Ali Haji]] [[Gambar:Hamzah Haz.jpg|57px|Hamzah Haz]]<br/>[[Gambar:Siti Nordiana interviewed by MeleTOP.jpg|70px|Siti Nordiana]] | caption = Sakarepe: [[Siti Nurhaliza]] • [[Mahathir Mohammad]] • [[Sheikh Muszaphar Shukor]]<br/> Kaloro: [[Amir Hamzah]] • [[Raja Ali Haji]] • [[Hamzah Haz]]<br/> Katelu: [[Siti Nordiana]] | poptime = {{circa}} '''40.000.000 jiwane''' <!-- sum of numbers from each region below --> | region1 = <span style="font-size:105%;">'''Pedunung mayoritas'''</span> | region6 = '''{{flagicon|Malaysia}} [[Malaysia]]''' | pop6 = 20.749.378 <small>(2010 prakiraan)</small> | ref6 = {{lower|<ref>{{harvnb|Economic Planning Unit (Malaysia)|2010}}</ref>}} | region7 = '''{{flagicon|Brunei}} [[Brunéi Darussalam]]''' | pop7 = 501.902 <small>(2010 prakiraan)</small> | ref7 = {{lower|<ref name="CIA (B)>"{{harvnb|CIA World Factbook|t=Brunei|2012}}</ref>}} | region8 = <span style="font-size:105%;">'''Pedunung minoritas'''</span> | pop8 = | ref8 = | region9 = '''{{flagicon|Indonesia}} [[Indonésia]]''' | pop9 = 8.789.585 <small>(2010 prakiraan)</small> | ref9 = {{lower|<ref>{{harvnb|Badan Pusat Statistika Indonesia|2010}}</ref><ref>Figure obtained based on the percentage of Malays in 2000 census and the total Indonesian population in 2010 census</ref>}} | region10 = '''{{flagicon|Thailand}} [[Thailand]]''' | pop10 = 5.354.475 <small>(2010 prakiraan)</small> | ref10 = {{lower|<ref>{{harvnb|CIA World Factbook|t=Thailand|2012}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples|2005}}</ref>}} | region11 = '''{{flagicon|Singapura}} [[Singapura]]''' | pop11 = 1.003.449 <small>(2010 prakiraan)</small> | ref11 = {{lower|<ref>{{harvnb|CIA World Factbook|t=Singapore|2012}}</ref>}} | region12 = '''{{flagicon|Philippines}} [[Pilipina]]''' | pop12 = 2.000.000 | ref12 = | region13 = '''{{flagicon|Liga Arab}} [[Nagara-nagara Arab]]''' | pop13 = ~50.000 | ref13 = <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.utusan.com.my/rencana/agama/jejak-melayu-di-bumi-anbiya-1.437075|title=Jejak Melayu di bumi anbiya|work=Utusan Online |access-date=2 Juli 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180915002357/http://www.utusan.com.my/rencana/agama/jejak-melayu-di-bumi-anbiya-1.437075|archive-date=15 Sèptèmber 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ww1.kosmo.com.my/kosmo/content.asp?y=2017&dt=0126&pub=Kosmo&sec=Rencana_Utama&pg=ru_02.htm|title=Jabal Ajyad perkampungan komuniti Melayu di Mekah|work=Kosmo Online |access-date=2 Juli 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180915001838/http://ww1.kosmo.com.my/kosmo/content.asp?y=2017&dt=0126&pub=Kosmo&sec=Rencana_Utama&pg=ru_02.htm|archive-date=15 Sèptèmber 2018}}</ref> | languages = [[Basa Malayu]], [[Basa Indhonésia]], [[Basa Thai]], [[Basa Arab]], [[Basa Inggris]], lan [[Basa Tamil]] | religions = [[Islam]] | related = [[Wong Acèh|Acèh]], [[Wong Banjar|Banjar]], [[Wong Minangkêbo|Minang]], [[Wong Kerinci|Kerinci]], [[Wong Tidung|Tidung]], [[Wong Laut|Laut]], [[Wong Betawi|Betawi]] }} [[Gambar:Malay couple.jpg|thumb|300px|Pasangan Melayu nganggo sandhangan tradhisional sawisé upacara ''akad nikah''. Penganten kakung nganggo ''baju melayu'' nganggo ''songkok'' lan ''[[songkèt]]'', dene penganten putri nganggo ''baju kurung'' nganggo ''tudong''.]] [[Gambar:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Kleurenlitho getiteld Jong gehuwde Maleische vrouw TMnr 5795-34.jpg|thumb|300px|Wadon Melayu ing Kutai diidentifikasi kanthi bentuk bun sing khas (litografi dening C. F. Kelley adhedhasar gambar dening Carl Book, [[1887]])]] '''Wong Melayu''' ({{lang-ms|'''Melayu'''}}; [[Aksara Jawi|Jawi]]: ملايو) minangka klompok suku bangsa [[Austronésia]] utamané ing Semenanjung Malaya, ing saindenging [[Sumatra]], kidul [[Thailand]], pesisir kidul [[Burma]], pulo [[Singapura]], [[Borneo]] pesisir kalebu [[Brunei]], [[Kalimantan Kulon]], [[Kalimantan Wétan]] lan [[Sarawak]] lan [[Sabah]] pesisir, [[Pilipina]] sisih kulon lan sisih kidul, lan pulo-pulo cilik sing ana ing antarané lokasi kasebut — sacara koléktif dikenal minangka "Dunia Melayu". Lokasi iki saiki dadi bagéan saka negara-negara modern [[Malaysia]], [[Indhonésia]], [[Singapura]], [[Brunei]], [[Burma]], [[Thailand]], lan [[Filipina]]. Malah, akéh komunitas [[Minangkabau]], [[Mandailing]], lan [[Dayak]] sing pindhah menyang pesisir wétan [[Sumatra]] lan pesisir kulon [[Kalimantan]], ngaku wong Melayu. Saliyané ing Nusantara, wong Melayu uga ang ing [[Sri Lanka]], [[Kapuloan Cocos (Keeling)]] ''(Cocos Malays)'', lan [[Afrika Kidul]] ''(Cape Malays)''. Ana maneka warna basa, budaya, seni, lan sosial sing cukup akeh ing antarane akeh subkelompok Melayu, utamane amarga atusan taun imigrasi lan asimilasi macem-macem etnis lan suku regional ing Asia Tenggara Maritim. Sacara historis, populasi Melayu utamane keturunan saka suku [[kulawarga basa Austronésia|Austronésia]] lan [[kulawarga basa Austroasiatika|Austroasia]] sing nganggo [[basa Malayu]] sadurunge sing ngedegake sawetara negara lan kerajaan dagang maritim kuna, utamane [[Brunéi Darussalam|Brunéi]], [[Kedah]], Langkasuka, Gangga Negara, Chi Tu, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Pahang, [[Kerajaan Melayu|Melayu]], lan [[Praja Sriwijaya|Sriwijaya]].{{sfn|Milner|2010|pp=24, 33}}{{sfn|Barnard|2004|pp=7 & 60}} Tekane Kesultanan Malaka ing abad kaping 15 micu revolusi gedhe ing sejarah Melayu, sing penting banget dumunung ing warisan politik lan budaya sing jembar. Tandha-tandha definitif umum saka kemelayuan — agama Islam, basa lan tradhisi Melayu — dianggep wis diproklamasikake ing jaman iki, sing ndadékaké etnogenesis wong Melayu minangka klompok etnoreligius utama ing wilayah kasebut. Ing sastra, arsitektur, tradhisi kuliner, sandhangan tradisional, seni pertunjukan, seni bela diri, lan tradhisi kraton, Malaka netepake standar sing ditiru dening kesultanan Melayu sabanjure. Jaman keemasan kesultanan Melayu ing Semenanjung Malaya, Sumatra Wétan, lan Pesisir Kalimantan nyumurupi akèh pedunungé, mliginé saka manéka warna komunitas suku kaya ta [[Wong Batak|Batak]], [[Dayak]], Wong Asli, lan [[Wong Laut]], sing tundhuk marang Islamisasi lan Invasi Melayu. Sajrone sejarah, istilah "Melayu" wis ditambahi menyang klompok etnis liyane ing "[[Donya Melayu]]"; panggunaan iki saiki umume diwatesi ing Malaysia lan Singapura, ing ngendi keturunan liyane saka klompok etnis iki diarani Anak Dagang ("pedagang") lan umume asale saka [[Indhonésia]] kayata [[wong Acèh]], [[Wong Banjar|Banjar]], [[Wong Bugis|Bugis]], [[Wong Mandailing|Mandailing]], [[Wong Minangkêbo|Minangkêbo]] lan [[Wong Jawa|Jawa]]. == Etimologi == [[Barkas:Candi Muaro Jambi dengan langit biru.jpg|thumb|[[Kompleks Candhi Muaro Jambi]] ing [[Jambi]], sacara historis ana hubungane karo [[Kerajaan Melayu]] pra-Islam. Wong Melayu-Sriwijaya dikenal mbangun sistem bangunan sing rumit ing ibukutha, kutha-kutha gedhe, lan pusat kutha sing penting.]] [[Barkas:Bukit Seguntang Tombs.jpg|thumb|Bukit Seguntang ing [[Kutha Palémbang|Palémbang]]. Miturut ''[[Sejarah Melayu]]'', bukit iki nyathet munculé Sang Sapurba, leluhur legendaris kanggo macem-macem kulawarga kerajaan Melayu ing [[Sumatra]], [[Jasirah Malaka|Semenanjung Malaya]], lan [[Kalimantan]].]] Literatur epik ''[[Sulalatus Salatin|Sajarah Melayu]]'' nggandhengake asal-usul etimologis "Melayu" karo kali cilik sing jenenge Sungai Melayu ('kali Melayu') ing [[Sumatra]], [[Indhonésia]]. Epik kasebut salah nyebutake yen kali kasebut mili menyang [[Kali Musi]] ing [[Kutha Palémbang|Palémbang]], dene sejatine mili menyang Kali Batang Hari ing [[Jambi]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Reid |first=Anthony |date=Oktober 2001 |title=Understanding Melayu (Malay) as a Source of Diverse Modern Identities |journal=Journal of Southeast Asian Studies |volume=32 |issue=3 |pages=295–313|doi=10.1017/S0022463401000157 |pmid=19192500 }}</ref>{{rp|298}} Istilah iki dianggep asale saka tembung Melayu ''melaju'', gabungan saka awalan verbal 'me' lan tembung oyot 'laju', sing tegese "nyepetake", digunakake kanggo njlentrehake arus kali sing deres lan cepet.{{sfn|Melebek|Moain|2006|pp=9–10}} === Minangka jeneng panggonan (toponim) === Sadurungé abad kaping 15, istilah "Melayu" lan varian sing mèmper katon ditrapaké minangka toponim lawas kanggo wilayah [[Selat Malaka]] sacara umum.{{sfn|Barnard|2004|p=3}} * '''''Malaya Dwipa''''', "Malaya Dvipa", diterangake ing bab 48, Vayu Purana minangka salah sawijining provinsi ing segara wétan sing kebak emas lan perak. Sawetara sarjana nyamakake istilah iki karo [[Sumatra]],{{sfn|Deka|2007|p=57}} nanging sawetara sarjana India percaya yen istilah kasebut kudune nuduhake Semenanjung Melayu sing pagunungan, dene Sumatra luwih tepat digandhengake karo Suvarnadvipa.{{sfn|Pande|2006|p=266}}{{sfn|Gopal|2000|p=139}}{{sfn|Ahir|1995|p=612}}{{sfn|Mukerjee|1984|p=212}}{{sfn|Sarkar|1970|p=8}} * '''''Maleu-kolon''''' – lokasi ing Semenanjung Emas, saka karya [[Claudius Ptolemaeus|Ptolemy]], Geographia.{{sfn|Gerini|1974|p=101}} * '''''Mo-lo-yu''''' – kasebut déning Yijing, sawijining biksu Buddha Tionghoa saka [[Wangsa Tang|Dinasti Tang]] sing ngunjungi Asia Tenggara ing taun 688–695. Miturut Yijing, karajan ''Mo-Lo-Yu'' dumunung ing jarak 15 dina lelayaran saka Bogha (Palembang), ibukutha Sribhoga ([[Praja Sriwijaya|Sriwijaya]]). Butuh layar 15 dina kanggo tekan Ka-Cha ([[Kedah]]) saka Mo-lo-yu; mula, bisa diarani yen Mo-Lo-Yu bakal dumunung ing tengah-tengah antarane rong panggonan kasebut.{{sfn|I Ching|2005|p=xl–xli}} Ana téori populer sing nggandhèngaké ''Mo-Lo-Yu'' karo [[Kompleks Candhi Muaro Jambi|Jambi]] ing Sumatra,{{sfn|Melayu Online|2005}} nanging lokasi geografis Jambi kontradiksi karo katrangané Yi Jing babagan "layar setengah dalan antara ''Ka-Cha'' (Kedah) lan ''Bogha'' (Palembang)". Ing jaman [[Wangsa Yuan|Dinasti Yuan]] (1271–1368) lan [[Wangsa Ming|Dinasti Ming]] (1368–1644), tembung ''Ma-La-Yu'' kerep disebut ing teks-teks sejarah Tiongkok – kanthi owah-owahan ejaan amarga rentang wektu antarane dinasti – kanggo nyebutake sawijining bangsa ing cedhak segara kidul. Antarane istilah-istilah sing digunakake yaiku "Bôk-lá-yù", "Mók-là-yū" (木剌由), Má-lì-yù-er (麻里予兒), Oō-laì-yu (巫来由) — dilacak saka sumber tinulis saka bhikkhu [[Xuanzang]]) lan Wú-laī-yû (無来由). * '''''Malaiyur''''' – kasebut ing prasasti Tanjore. Iki digambarake minangka kerajaan sing nduweni "gunung sing kuwat minangka benteng" sing tiba menyang penjajah Chola nalika kampanye Rajendra Chola I ing abad kaping 11. Bisa uga ana ing Sumatra, antarane Pannai lan Sriwijaya ([[Kutha Palémbang|Palémbang]]),<ref>{{Cite book |title=Nagapattinam to suvarnadwipa: Reflections on the chola naval expeditions to Southeast Asia |publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian Studies |year=2009 |editor-last1=Kulke |editor-first1=Hermann |location=Singapore |editor-last2=Kesavapany |editor-first2=K. |editor-last3=Sakhuja |editor-first3=Vijay}}</ref>{{rp|77–78, 170}} bisa uga ana ing situs arkeologi [[Kabupatèn Muaro Jambi|Muaro Jambi]].<ref name=":6">{{Cite book|last=Miksic|first=John M.|year=2013|title=Singapore and the Silk Road of the Sea, 1300–1800|publisher=NUS Press|isbn=978-9971-69-558-3|author1-link=John N. Miksic}}</ref>{{rp|405}} * '''''Malai''''' – sing kasebut déning ahli géografi Arab abad kaping 12 [[Al-Idrisi|Muhammad al-Idrisi]] ing Tabula Rogeriana, pulo iki njlèntrèhaké semenanjung Malaya minangka pulo sing dawa lan nyebut Malai, wewatesan karo Qmer (Khmer) lan dunungé 12 dina layar saka Sanf (Champa).<ref>[https://www.sg/sgbicentennial/the-bicentennial-experience/map/al-idrisis-a-guide-to-pleasant-journeys-into-faraway-lands/ al-Idrisi's A guide to Pleasant Journeys into Faraway Lands]. Singapore Bicentennial Office. November 2019.</ref><ref>Gerini, G. E., & Royal Geographical Society (Great Britain). (1909). [https://books.google.com.my/books?id=FKYcAAAAMAAJ&vq=malai&pg=PA535#v=onepage&q=malai&f=false Researches on Ptolemy's Geography of Eastern Asia (further India and Indo-Malay Archipelago) (Asiatic Society monographs)]. Royal Asiatic society, Royal geographical society. p. 535.</ref> * '''''Bhūmi Mālayu''''' – (secara harfiah "Tanah Malayu"), transkripsi saka [[Prasasti Padang Roco]] taun 1286 M dening Slamet Muljana.{{sfn|Muljana|1981|p=223}} Istilah iki ana gandheng cenenge karo kerajaan Dharmasraya. * '''''Ma-li-yu-er''''' – kasebut ing babad [[Wangsa Yuan]], nuduhake sawijining bangsa ing Semenanjung Melayu sing ngadhepi ekspansi Kerajaan Sukhothai menyang kidul, nalika jaman pamrentahan Ram Khamhaeng.<ref>{{cite web |title=Chronicle of Mongol Yuan |website=guoxue.com |language=zh |url=http://www.guoxue.com/shibu/24shi/yuanshi/yuas_210.htm |access-date=5 Fèbruari 2026 |archive-date=27 Agustus 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100827214255/http://www.guoxue.com/shibu/24shi/yuanshi/yuas_210.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> Kronik kasebut nyatakake: "''..Ana rasa sengit antarane Siam lan Ma-li-yu-er nganti loro-lorone padha mateni siji lan sijine ...''". Kanggo nanggepi tumindake Sukhothai, utusan Tiongkok menyang kraton Ram Khamhaeng ing taun 1295 nggawa dekrit kekaisaran: "Tetepna janjimu lan aja nindakake piala marang Ma-li-yu-er".{{sfn|Hall|1981|p=190}} * '''''Malauir''''' – kasebut ing cathetan [[Marco Polo]] minangka kerajaan sing dumunung ing Semenanjung Melayu,{{sfn|Cordier|2009|p=105}}{{sfn|Wright|2004|pp=364–365}} bisa uga padha karo sing kasebut ing kronik Yuan. * '''''Malayapura''''' – (sacara harfiah "kutha Malaya" utawa "bètèng Malaya"), sing ditulis ing [[prasasti Amoghapasa]] sing ditulis taun 1347 Masehi. Istilah iki digunakake dening [[Adityawarman]] kanggo nyebut Dharmasraya. Saran liyané kalebu tembung [[basa Jawa|Jawa]] ''mlayu'' (minangka kriya: mlayu, partisip: buronan), utawa istilah Melayu ''melaju'' (nyepetake kanthi ajeg), sing nuduhake mobilitas dhuwur lan sifat migrasi wong-wongé. De Barros (1552) nyebutake yen [[Paraméswara|Iskandar Shah]] menehi jeneng ''Malaios'' (wong Melayu) kaya ngono amarga bapakne diusir saka negarane. Albuquerque nerangake yen [[Paraméswara|Parameswara]] mlayu (''malayo'') saka kerajaan Palembang menyang Malaka.{{sfn|Crawfurd|1856|p=[https://archive.org/details/adescriptivedic00crawgoog/page/n254/mode/2up 244]}} === Minangka jeneng ètnis (etnonim) === {{multiple image | align = right | total_width = 420 | image1 = Malays from the Malacca Sultanate Codice Casanatense.jpg | alt1 = Wong Melayu ing Malaka | caption1 = Cat banyu Portugis wong Malaya ing Malaka, kira-kira taun 1540, ditampilake ing Códice Casanatense | image2 = A Malay couple RBSeite93.jpg | alt2 = Pasangan Melayu | caption2 = Ilustrasi pasangan Melayu, saka ''Reise nach Batavia'', antarane taun 1669 lan 1682 | image3 = JogetUNISEL.jpg | alt3 = Tari Joget | caption3 = Tari Joget saka Kesultanan Malaka; akeh aspek budaya Melayu sing asale saka kraton Malaka }} Tembung "Melayu" minangka etnonim, kanggo ngrujuk marang kluster etnologis sing béda banget, dianggep wis dadi populer sajrone integrasi Kesultanan Malaka minangka kakuwatan regional ing abad kaping 15. Iki digunakake kanggo nglaporake babagan keberpihakan sosial wong Malaka tinimbang wong manca ing wilayah sing padha, utamane [[wong Jawa]] lan [[Thai]].{{sfn|Barnard|2004|p=4}} Iki dibuktèkaké saka dhaptar tembung Melayu awal abad kaping 16 déning Antonio Pigafetta sing gabung karo pelayaran Magellan, sing ngrujuk babagan kepriyé frasa ''chiara Malaiu'' ('cara Melayu') digunakaké ing maritim [[Asia Kidul-wétan]], kanggo nyebut ''al parlare de Malaea'' ([[basa Italia]] kanggo "ngomong babagan Malaka").{{sfn|Milner|2010|pp=22}} Sastra Melayu klasik nggambarake wong Melayu kanthi makna sing luwih sempit tinimbang interpretasi modern. ''Hikayat Hang Tuah'' (kira-kira taun 1700, manuskrip kira-kira taun 1849) mung nyebutake wong Melayu minangka subjek Kesultanan Malaka; [[Brunéi Darussalam|Brunéi]], nalika semana, ora dianggep minangka wong Melayu. ''Hikayat Patani'' (manuskrip: 1876) contoné, ora nyebut Patani lan Brunéi minangka [[basa Malayu]], istilah kuwi mung digunakaké kanggo [[Johor]]. Kedah boten kalebet basa Melayu ing babad Kedah/Hikayat Merong Mahawangsa (kira-kira 1821). ''Hikayat Aceh'' (kira-kira taun 1625, manuskrip kira-kira taun 1675) nggandhengake etnis Melayu karo Johor, nanging mesthi ora karo Aceh utawa Deli.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Milner |first=Anthony |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sACaolB0FpkC&q=liberally |title=The Malays |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |year=2011 |isbn=978-1-4443-9166-4 |pages=91–92 |access-date=5 Fèbruari 2026|archive-date=31 Maret 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331160702/https://books.google.com/books?id=sACaolB0FpkC&q=liberally |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>For the dating of the manuscripts, see [https://mcp.anu.edu.au/Q/texts.html Malay Concordance Project]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809133732/https://mcp.anu.edu.au/Q/texts.html|date=9 Agustus 2022}}.</ref> == Asal-usul == [[Barkas:Baju Melayu.jpg|thumb|Sekelompok wong lanang saka [[Brunéi Darussalam]] nganggo sandhangan jinis ''Cekak Musang'', dienggo bareng karo [[songkèt]] (kiwa paling adoh) lan ''[[sarung|kain sarung]]''.]] === Modhél Proto-Melayu === Uga dikenal minangka ''Melayu asli'' (wong Melayu asli) utawa ''Melayu purba'' (wong Melayu kuna), wong Proto-Melayu asale saka Austronésia lan dipercaya wis migrasi menyang Kapuloan Melayu sajrone serangkaian migrasi dawa antarane 2500 lan 1500 SM.{{sfn|Ryan|1976|pp=4–5}} Proto-Melayu sing misuwur saiki yaiku Moken, Jakun, Orang Kuala, Temuan lan Orang Kanaq.<ref>{{cite web |title=Orang Asli Population Statistics |publisher=Center for Orang Asli Concerns |url= http://www.coac.org.my/codenavia/portals/coacv2/code/main/main_art.php?parentID=11374494101180&artID=11432750280711 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110722233738/http://www.coac.org.my/codenavia/portals/coacv2/code/main/main_art.php?parentID=11374494101180&artID=11432750280711 |archive-date=22 Juli 2011}}</ref> ''The Encyclopedia of Malaysia: Early History'' ({{lang|id|Ensiklopedia Malaysia: Sejarah Awal}}), wis nudingake total telung teori babagan asal-usul wong Melayu: * Teori Yunnan (diterbitake ing taun 1889) – Teori Proto-Melayu sing asale saka Yunnan kira-kira 4.000 nganti 6.000 taun kepungkur. Téori iki didhukung déning R.H Geldern lan timé sing nduwé téori yèn migrasi wong-wong mau kedadeyan saka Kali Mekong menyang [[Jasirah Malaka|Semenanjung Malaya]]. Bukti liyané sing ndhukung téori iki kalebu piranti watu sing ditemokaké ing Kepulauan Melayu sing analog karo piranti Asia Tengah, sing nuduhaké kamiripan adat istiadat Melayu lan Assam.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=Parthipan |first1=Shalini |last2=Mirianti Ishar |first2=Seri |date=2022 |title=Perspective on Ancestral Lineages and Genetic Markers of Malay Population in Peninsular Malaysia |url=http://journalarticle.ukm.my/19571/1/49021-177065-2-PB.pdf |journal=Journal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia |volume=20 |issue=1 |page=86 |via=Journalarticle.ukm.my |access-date=24 Maret 2026 |archive-date=16 Oktober 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221016080144/http://journalarticle.ukm.my/19571/1/49021-177065-2-PB.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> * Teori New Guinea/Pelaut (diterbitake ing taun 1965) – Migrasi pelaut kanthi katrampilan oseanografi sing kuwat sing lelungan saka pulo siji menyang pulo liyane antarane [[Niu Sélan]] lan [[Madhagaskar]]. Teori kasebut ngaku yen morfologi wong Melayu nalika semana padha karo Negroid.<ref name=":0" /> * Teori [[Républik Cina|Taiwan]] (diterbitake ing taun 1997) – Migrasi sekelompok wong saka Tiongkok Kidul kedadeyan 6.000 taun kepungkur, sawetara pindhah menyang [[Taiwan]] ([[wong pribumi Taiwan|pribumi Taiwan]] saiki minangka keturunane), banjur menyang [[Filipina]] lan mengko menyang [[Kalimantan]] (kurang luwih 4.500 taun kepungkur) ([[Dayak]] saiki lan kelompok liyane). Wong-wong kuna iki uga pisah, ana sing menyang [[Sulawesi]] lan ana sing menyang [[Jawa]], lan [[Sumatra]], sing saiki kabeh nganggo basa-basa sing kalebu kulawarga Basa Austronesia. Migrasi pungkasan kedadeyan ing Semenanjung Malaya kira-kira 3.000 taun kepungkur. Sawijining sub-kelompok saka Kalimantan pindhah menyang Champa ing jaman saiki sing diarani Vietnam Tengah lan Kidul kira-kira 4.500 taun kepungkur. Ana uga jejak migrasi Dong Son lan Hoabinhian saka [[Viètnam]] lan [[Kamboja]]. Kabeh klompok iki nduweni DNA lan asal-usul linguistik sing bisa ditelusuri saka pulo sing saiki diarani Taiwan, lan leluhure wong-wong kuna iki bisa ditelusuri saka Tiongkok kidul.{{sfn|Barnard|2004}} ==== Deutero-Melayu ==== [[Barkas:Women from Palembang in Ikat weave, Wanita di Indonesia p29 (Ministry of Information).jpg|thumb|Wanita saka [[Kutha Palémbang|Palémbang]] nganggo busana tradhisional, sing diarani Baju Kurung sing digawe saka [[Songkèt]]. Klambi iki umume digandhengake karo wanita keturunan Melayu.]] Wong Deutero-Melayu iku wong [[jaman wesi|Jaman Wesi]] sing sebagian turunan saka wong Austronésia sabanjure sing dilengkapi teknik pertanian sing luwih maju lan kawruh anyar babagan logam.{{sfn|Murdock|1969|p=278}}{{sfn|Ooi|2004|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=QKgraWbb7yoC&pg=PA495 495]}}{{sfn|Anderbeck|2002}} Para pemukim Deutero-Melayu ora nomaden kaya para leluhure: nanging dheweke manggon lan ngadegake kampung-kampung sing dadi unit utama ing masyarakat. Kampung-kampung iki biasane dumunung ing pinggir kali utawa pesisir lan umume bisa nyukupi pangan lan kabutuhan liyane. Ing pungkasan abad kaping 1 SM, kampung-kampung iki wiwit nindakake perdagangan karo jagad njaba.{{sfn|Jamil Abu Bakar|2002|p=39}} Wong Deutero-Melayu dianggep minangka leluhur langsung saka wong Melayu saiki.{{sfn|TED|1999}} ==== Ekspansi saka modhél Sundaland ==== Téori sing luwih anyar nyatakaké yèn tinimbang dipanggoni déning ekspansi saka daratan, populasi Jaman És ing Semenanjung Malaya, Kapuloan Indhonésia sing cedhak, lan landas kontinèntal sing nalika iku katon (Sundaland) malah berkembang sacara lokal saka pemukim manungsa pisanan lan ngembang menyang daratan. Para pendukung téori iki percaya yèn ekspansi iki mènèhi panjelasan sing luwih irit babagan bukti linguistik, arkeologi, lan antropologis tinimbang modhèl sadurungé, mliginé model Taiwan.{{sfn|Oppenheimer|2006}} Téori iki uga nduwèni dhukungan saka bukti genetik anyar saka Human Genome Organisation sing nuduhaké yèn pedunung utama Asia kedadeyan ing siji migrasi liwat [[Asia Kidul-wétan]]; rute iki dianggep minangka wilayah Melayu modern lan keragaman ing wilayah kasebut berkembang utamane ing panggonan kasebut tanpa mbutuhake migrasi utama saka daratan. Ekspansi kasebut dhewe bisa uga disebabake dening kenaikan permukaan laut ing pungkasan Jaman Es.{{sfn|Abdulla et al.|2009}}{{sfn|Soares, et al.|2008}} Stephen Oppenheimer, pendukung paham iki, luwih lanjut ngajokake teori yen ekspansi bangsa kedadeyan kanthi telung gelombang cepet amarga kenaikan permukaan laut ing pungkasan Jaman Es, lan diaspora iki nyebarake bangsa-bangsa kasebut lan budaya, mitos, lan teknologi sing ana gandhengane ora mung menyang daratan Asia Tenggara, nanging uga nganti India, Timur Tengah, lan Mediterania. Para pengulas nemokake usulan-usulane kanggo pemukiman lan panyebaran asli pantes ditliti luwih lanjut, nanging isih skeptis karo klaim difusionis dheweke.{{sfn|Razak|2012}}{{sfn|Terrell|1999}}{{sfn|Baer|1999}} === Bukti genetik === Wong Melayu iku sawijining klompok ètnis sing manggon ing Asia Kidul-wétan lan Semenanjung Malaya sing nganggo basa Austronésia. Miturut panliten ing taun 2015, wong Melayu saka Semenanjung Malaysia, [[Singapura]], [[Indhonésia]], lan [[Sri Lanka]] nduweni 4 komponen leluhur utama, kalebu Austronésia (17%–62%), Proto-Melayu (15%–31%), Asia Timur (4%–16%) lan Asia Selatan (3%–34%). Nanging komponen pribumi Austronésia lan Asia Tenggara luwih penting kanggo wong Melayu saka Semenanjung Malaysia, Singapura lan Indhonésia tinimbang Asia Wétan lan Asia Kidul. Kosok baline, wong Melayu saka Sri Lanka nduweni udakara 34% keturunan Asia Kidul ing susunan genetik, sing ndadekake dheweke relatif béda.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Deng |first1=Lian |last2=Hoh |first2=Boon-Peng |last3=Lu |first3=Dongsheng |last4=Saw |first4=Woei-Yuh |display-authors=3 |date=2015 |title=Dissecting the genetic structure and admixture of four geographical Malay populations |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=5 |doi=10.1038/srep14375 |pmid=26395220 |pmc=4585825 |bibcode=2015NatSR...514375D }}</ref> Panliten ing taun 2021 nyimpulake yen garis keturunan Basal-Asia Timur sing khas (kadhangkala diarani '''East- and Southeast Asian lineage''<nowiki/>' (ESEA)), sing minangka leluhure wong Asia Timur lan Tenggara modern, wong Polinesia, lan wong Siberia, asale saka Daratan Asia Tenggara ing ~50.000 SM, lan berkembang liwat pirang-pirang gelombang migrasi menyang kidul lan lor. Leluhur basal-Asia Wétan, uga leluhur sing ana gandhèngané karo [[kulawarga basa Austroasiatika|Austroasia]], nyebar menyang Asia Kidul-wétan Maritim sadurungé ekspansi Austronésia. Wong-wong sing nganggo basa Austronésia dhewe dikira wis tekan ing [[Taiwan]] lan [[Filipina]] sisih lor antarane 10.000 lan 7.000 SM saka pesisir kidul Tiongkok, lan nyebar saka kana menyang saindenging Asia Tenggara. Para penulis nyimpulake yen ekspansi Austronésia menyang Insular Asia Tenggara lan [[Polinésia]] metu saka Filipina tinimbang Taiwan, lan wong-wong sing nganggo basa Austronesia modern, kayata wong Melayu, umume duwe leluhur saka Basal-Asia Timur paling awal, migran Austroasia saka Asia Tenggara Daratan, lan pelaut sing nganggo basa Austronésia saka Filipina, tanpa akeh campuran saka klompok sadurunge.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Larena |first1=Maximilian |last2=Sanchez-Quinto |first2=Federico |last3=Sjödin |first3=Per |last4=McKenna |first4=James |last5=Ebeo |first5=Carlo |last6=Reyes |first6=Rebecca |last7=Casel |first7=Ophelia |last8=Huang |first8=Jin-Yuan |last9=Hagada |first9=Kim Pullupul |last10=Guilay |first10=Dennis |last11=Reyes |first11=Jennelyn |date=30 Maret 2021 |title=Multiple migrations to the Philippines during the last 50,000 years |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=118 |issue=13 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2026132118 |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=8020671 |pmid=33753512|bibcode=2021PNAS..11826132L |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Yang |first=Melinda A. |date=6 Januari 2022 |title=A genetic history of migration, diversification, and admixture in Asia |url=http://www.pivotscipub.com/hpgg/2/1/0001/html |journal=Human Population Genetics and Genomics |language=en |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=1–32 |doi=10.47248/hpgg2202010001 |issn=2770-5005 |doi-access=free |access-date=25 Maret 2026 |archive-date=16 Mèi 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220516110501/http://www.pivotscipub.com/hpgg/2/1/0001/html |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Budaya== === Agama === [[Barkas:Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin Mosque 02.jpg|thumb|Masjid Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien ing [[Brunéi Darussalam]] ing wayah wengi [[Ramadhan]]. Karajan sugih iki nganut Melayu Islam Beraja (''Monarki Islam Melayu'') minangka filosofi nasional wiwit kamardikane ing taun 1984.]] Komunitas Melayu wiwitan umumé [[animisme|animis]], percaya marang anané ''semangat'' (roh) ing saben bab.<ref name="zaki1">{{harvnb|Zaki Ragman|2003|pp=1–6}}</ref> Kira-kira nalika wiwitan jaman umum, agama [[Hindhu]] lan [[Buda]] dikenalake dening para pedagang Asia Kidul menyang Kepulauan Melayu, ing ngendi agama kasebut berkembang nganti abad kaping 13, sadurunge tekane Islam sing digawa dening para pedagang Muslim Arab, Asia Kidul, lan Tiongkok. Ing abad kaping 15, Islam saka sekte [[Sunni]] ortodoks ngrembaka ing jagad Melayu ing jaman Kesultanan Malaka. Beda karo agama [[Hindhu|Hindu]], sing mung ngowahi masyarakat Melayu awal kanthi dangkal, [[Islam]] bisa diarani wis terintegrasi kanthi lengkap menyang urip saben dinane penduduk.<ref name="Syed">{{harvnb|Syed Husin Ali|2008|p=57}}</ref> Wiwit jaman iki, wong Melayu dianggep minangka kelompok etnoreligius lan sacara tradhisional nduweni identifikasi sing cedhak karo Islam{{sfn|Johns|Lahoud|2005|p=157}} lan wiwit kuwi dheweke ora ngganti agama.<ref name="Syed" /> Identitas iki kuwat banget nganti diarani dadi Muslim yaiku ''masuk Melayu'' (mlebu keMelayuan).{{sfn|Andaya|Andaya|1984|p=55}} Sanajan mangkono, kapercayan-kapercayan sadurungé sing duwé oyot sing luwih jero, tetep nglawan kutukan Islam - lan pancen mistisisme [[Sufisme]] wis gegandhèngan ing antarane wong Melayu, karo roh-roh saka jagad animisme sadurungé lan sawetara unsur Hindhu.{{sfn|Winstedt|1925|p=125}} Sawisé taun 1970-an, kebangkitan Islam (uga diarani re-Islamisasi{{sfn|Burgat|2003|p=54}}) ing saindenging jagad Muslim, akèh tradhisi sing dianggep nglanggar ajaran Islam lan ngandhut unsur syirik ditinggalaké déning wong Melayu ing Malaysia, déné ing antarane wong Melayu ing Indhonésia, tradhisi kasebut ora dianggep takhayul lan ngandhut unsur syirik. Ing antarane tradhisi kasebut yaiku festival ''mandi'' safar (adus [[Safar]]), festival [[adus]] kanggo nggayuh kasucian spiritual, sing bisa dideleng fitur-fitur sing padha karo sawetara ing Durga Puja ing India.{{sfn|Bolton|Hutton|2000|p=184}} Akèh-akèhé saka ètnis Melayu modern sing penganut Islam [[Sunni]]<ref>{{cite web |title=The Malay of Malaysia |publisher=Bethany World Prayer Center |url=http://kcm.co.kr/bethany_eng/p_code3/1892.html |access-date=2 Juli 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121010191042/http://kcm.co.kr/bethany_eng/p_code3/1892.html |archive-date=10 Oktober 2012}}</ref> lan riyaya Melayu sing paling penting yaiku sing asalé saka Islam - ''[[Idul Fitri|Hari Raya Aidilfitri]]'', ''[[Idul Adha|Hari Raya Aidiladha]]'', ''[[Muharram|Awal Muharram]]'', lan ''[[Mulud (pahargyan)|Maulidur Rasul]]''. Wong Melayu sing metu saka Islam ing Malaysia lan Brunéi dianggep murtad. Nanging, ana sawetara etnis Melayu sing manggon ing njaba negara-negara kasebut uga wis nganut agama liya kanthi sah miturut hukum. === Arsitèktur === {{See also|Omah Melayu}} [[Gambar:Rumah kedah.gif|thumb|350px|Omah tradhisional Melayu ing [[Kedah]], dihias nganggo panel ukiran khas [[Jasirah Malaka|Semenanjung Melayu]] sisih lor.]] [[Omah Melayu]] nuduhake papan panggonan vernakular wong Melayu, sawijining klompok etno-linguistik sing manggon ing [[Sumatra]], pesisir [[Kalimantan]], lan [[Jasirah Malaka|Semenanjung Malaya]]. Wangun arsitèktur tradhisional, kaya ta atap sing cocog karo gaya tropis lan proporsi sing harmonis kanthi unsur dekoratif dianggep isih nduweni nilai budaya sing gedhe dening akeh wong ing wilayah kasebut. Nanging, bangunan-bangunan iki mbutuhake perawatan sing signifikan dibandhingake karo konstruksi modern; kayata tantangan kanggo njaga bahan utama, kayu, saka efek bosok cuaca tropis uga serangan [[rayap]]. Katrampilan konstruksi vernakular iki saya ilang amarga [[Malaysia]] nerusake proses industrialisasi, dene ing [[Indhonésia]] omah-omah tradhisional kaya ngono isih lestari ing wilayah pedesaan. Senajan transformasi urban ing [[Singapura]] wis ngilangi meh kabeh wilayah urban Melayu, sawetara omah sing nampilake arsitèktur vernakular iki isih lestari, utamane ana ing pulo lepas pantai Pulau Ubin.{{Citation needed|date=Dhésèmber 2022}} Upaya kanggo [[arsitèktur Indonésia|nglestarikake gaya arsitektur asli]] [[Pratélan pulo ing Indonésia|kepulauan Indonesia]] wis ditindakake liwat dokumentasi lan replika kreasi ing paviliun [[panagaraning Indhonésiyah|provinsi]] ing [[Taman Mini Indonésia Indah]], [[Jakarta]]. ===Basa=== [[Barkas:Prasasti Kedukan Bukit 3.jpg|thumb|[[Prasasti Kedukan Bukit]] ditulis nganggo [[aksara Pallawa]]. Wis ana wiwit taun 683, iki minangka salah sawijining artefak tulisan Melayu paling tuwa sing isih ana.]] {{Main|Basa Malayu}} {{See also|Aksara Gundhil}} [[Basa Malayu]] iku salah siji basa sing paling misuwur ing donya, mligine saka kulawarga basa Austronésia. Varian lan dialek [[basa Melayu]] digunakake minangka basa resmi ing [[Brunéi Darussalam]], [[Indhonésia]], [[Malaysia]], lan [[Singapura]]. Basa iki uga dicaturaké ing [[Thai]]land kidul, [[Kapuloan Cocos (Keeling)|Kapuloan Cocos]], [[Pulo Natal]], lan [[Sri Lanka]]. Basa iki dicaturaké déning kurang luwih 33 yuta wong ing sakubengé Kapuloan Melayu lan digunakaké minangka basa kapindho déning kurang luwih 220 yuta wong.{{sfn|Wright|2007|p=492}} Wangun basa Malayu paling tuwa asale saka basa Proto-Malayu-Polinésia sing dituturake dening para pemukim Austronésia paling awal ing [[Asia Kidul-wétan]]. Wangun iki banjur berkembang dadi basa Malayu Kuna nalika budaya lan agama India wiwit nembus wilayah kasebut. Basa Melayu Kuna ngandhut sawetara istilah sing isih ana nganti saiki, nanging tetep ora bisa dimangerteni dening penutur modern, dene basa modern wis umume bisa dikenali ing basa Melayu Klasik tulisan, sing bentuk paling tuwa wiwit taun 1303 Masehi.{{sfn|Teeuw|1959|p=149}} Basa Melayu berkembang dadi basa Malayu Klasik liwat mlebune akeh kosakata [[basa Arab|Arab]] lan [[basa Pèrsi|Pèrsi]] kanthi bertahap nalika Islam mlebu ing wilayah kasebut, lan sajrone proses kasebut ana owah-owahan sing signifikan. Wiwitane, basa Melayu Klasik minangka klompok dialek sing maneka warna, sing nggambarake asal-usul kerajaan-kerajaan Melayu ing Asia Kidul-wétan. Salah sawijining dialek iki, sing dikembangake ing tradhisi sastra Kesultanan Malaka ing abad kaping 15, pungkasane dadi dominan. Jaman Malaka ditandhani karo owah-owahan basa Melayu dadi basa Islam, kaya dene basa Arab, Persia, Urdu, lan Swahili. [[Aksara Arab]] sing diadaptasi sing diarani [[aksara Jawi|Jawi]] digunakake kanggo ngganti [[aksara Kawi]], terminologi agama lan budaya Islam diasimilasi kanthi akeh, mbuwang akeh tembung Hindu-Buddha, lan basa Malayu dadi basa pengantar lan panyebaran Islam ing saindenging wilayah [[Asia Kidul-wétan]]. Ing puncak kekuasaan Malaka ing abad kaping 15, basa Malayu Klasik nyebar ngluwihi jagad penutur basa Melayu tradhisional<ref name="Sneddon 2003 59">{{harvnb|Sneddon|2003|p=59}}</ref> lan ngasilake ''[[basantara|lingua franca]]'' sing diarani ''Bahasa Melayu pasar'' ("Bazaar Melayu") utawa ''Bahasa Melayu rendah'' ("Melayu Endhek"), beda karo ''Bahasa Melayu Tinggi'' ("Melayu Luhur") ing Malaka.{{sfn|Sneddon|2003|p=84}} Lumrahé, basa Melayu Bazaar iku basa pidgin lan perkembangan sing paling penting yaiku basa pidgin dikreolisasi, sing nggawé sawetara basa anyar kaya ta [[basa Malayu Ambon]], [[basa Malayu Manado|Malayu Manado]], lan [[basa Batawi]].{{sfn|Sneddon|2003|p=60}} Para panulis [[Éropa]] ing abad kaping 17 lan 18, kaya ta Tavernier, Thomassin lan Werndly nggambarake basa Malayu minangka "''basa para wong pinter ing kabeh Hindia, kaya [[basa Latin]] ing Eropa''".{{sfn|Sweeney|1987}} Iki uga sing paling akeh digunakake nalika jaman penjajahan Inggris lan Walanda ing Kepulauan Melayu.{{sfn|Van der Putten|Cody|2009|p=55}} Kosok baline katon ing Hindia Timur Spanyol, ing ngendi latinisasi massal ing kepulauan kasebut sajrone taun-taun kolonial nyebabake kudeta historis basa Malayu ing Filipina. Dialek Kesultanan Johor, penerus langsung Malaka, dadi basa standar ing antarane wong Melayu ing [[Singapura]] lan [[Malaysia]], lan iki dadi dhasar asli kanggo [[basa Indhonésia]] sing wis distandardisasi.<ref name="Sneddon 2003 59"/>{{sfn|Wong|1973|p=126}}{{sfn|Clyne|1992|p=413}}{{sfn|Brown|Ogilvie|2009|p=678}} Saliyané basa Malayu standar, sing dikembangaké ing lingkungan Malaka-Johor, ana uga manéka dialek Melayu lokal. Contone, wong [[basa Bangka|Bangka]], Brunéi, [[basa Melayu Jambi|Jambi]], [[basa Malayu Kelantan-Petani|Kelantan]], Kedah, Negeri Sembilan, [[basa Palémbang|Palémbang]], [[Basa Malayu Kelantan-Petani|Pattan]], Sarawak, [[Basa Malayu Trengganu|Terengganu]], lan liya-liyane. Basa Malayu sacara historis ditulis nganggo [[aksara Pallawa]], [[aksara Kawi|Kawi]], lan [[aksara Réncong|Réncong]]. Sawisé tekané Islam, [[aksara Jawi]] sing adhedhasar basa Arab diadopsi lan isih digunakaké nganti saiki minangka salah siji saka rong aksara resmi ing [[Brunéi Darussalam]] lan minangka aksara alternatif ing [[Malaysia]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Kedah MB defends use of Jawi on signboards |work=The Star |year=2008 |url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2008/8/26/nation/22168989&sec=nation |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121029105406/http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2008%2F8%2F26%2Fnation%2F22168989&sec=nation |archive-date=29 Oktober 2012 }}</ref> Wiwit abad kaping 17, minangka akibat saka penjajahan Inggris lan Walanda, aksara Jawi mboko sithik diganti karo aksara Rumi<ref>{{cite web |title=Malay (Bahasa Melayu / بهاس ملايو) |website=Omniglot |url=http://www.omniglot.com/writing/malay.htm |access-date=2 Juli 2026 |archive-date=26 Juni 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190626115200/http://www.omniglot.com/writing/malay.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> sing adhedhasar Latin sing pungkasane dadi aksara modern resmi kanggo [[basa Malayu]] ing [[Malaysia]], [[Singapura]], lan [[Indhonésia]], lan aksara resmi ing [[Brunéi Darussalam]]. === Musik === {{Main|Musik Melayu}} [[Musik Melayu]] iku sawijining [[genre musik]] [[lagu dhaèrah|tradhisional]] sing asale lan berkembang ing pesisir wétan [[Sumatra]], [[Kalimantan]], lan [[Jasirah Malaka|Semenanjung Malaya]].<ref>Sahputra, T. W. H., Martarosa, & Warhat, Z. (2019). ''[https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/408383-musik-jazz-melayu-dalam-kajian-kreativit-7b989836.pdf Musik jazz Melayu dalam kajian kreativitas]''. ''Melayu Arts and Performance Journal'', 2(2), 191–200. </ref> [[Musik]] iki biasane dinyanyekake dening wong-wong saka etnis Melayu lan asring diiringi tarian khas Melayu lokal, contone nawakake tarian ing acara utawa pesta tradhisional, nampani tamu kehormatan, lan ing kegiatan keagamaan.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Purba|first=Junaidi|last2=Putri|first2=Sabrina Maulidia|last3=Nelson|first3=Ricky|last4=Silaban|first4=Cahyani Yesika br|last5=Ridho|first5=Muhammad Habibur|last6=Andika|first6=Riki|last7=Sitorus|first7=Christina Harianti|last8=Sa|first8=Maulidha|last9=Dardanila|url=https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/TRANSFORMATION_OF_TRADITIONAL_ARTS_RESPO/mtaeEQAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=0|title=TRANSFORMATION OF TRADITIONAL ARTS: RESPONDING TO THE CHALLENGES OF THE TIMES|publisher=Mawadra Lestari Enterprise|isbn=978-629-95611-1-8|pages=62|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Asbullah|first=Habib|last2=Rizkia|first2=Ayu|last3=Batrisya|last4=Julianto|first4=Deldi|last5=Pangestu|first5=Dimas|last6=Rania|first6=Dinda Safira|last7=Miranti|first7=Dwi|last8=Afrillia|first8=Ega|last9=Irianto|first9=Ega Deni|url=https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Mengabadikan_Riau_Buku_I/WXsgEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=0|title=Mengabadikan Riau: Buku I: Antologi Esai Kebudayaan|publisher=Penerbit Pustaka Rumah C1nta|isbn=978-623-7961-67-3|pages=95|language=id|url-status=live}}</ref> Sing menarik saka [[genre musik]] iki yaiku komposisine sing kasusun saka lirik lagu sing ngemot puisi sing diadaptasi karo urip saben dina, katresnan (kaya Dondang Sayang) lan kebak piwulang (pesen moral), kebak swara utawa vokal cengkok khas [[Melayu]], lan aransemen musik sing disusun kanthi rapi. Bebarengan karo perkembangan jaman, musik Melayu uga ngalami owah-owahan gaya musik, contone, musik iki uga ngalami fusi karo [[musik pop]], [[musik rock|rock]], lan [[dangdut]]. Aliran iki bisa ditemokaké ing negara-negara sing ana gandhèngané karo Melayu, kaya ta [[Indhonésia]], [[Malaysia]], [[Singapura]], lan [[Brunéi Darussalam]]. Ing wiwitan perkembangane, instrumen musik sing digunakake didominasi dening aksi [[rebana]] sing diarani Kompang saka [[Kabupatèn Panaraga|Ponorogo]], petik gambus, gesekan [[piyul]], nabuh akordeon, swara [[gong]], lan tiupan [[serunai]]. Iki dipengaruhi dening [[budaya]] tanah Arab lan [[Éropa]] tradisional. Bebarengan karo perkembangan teknologi, kabeh iki wis diganti karo instrumen musik elektronik awujud keyboard. Nanging, ing kegiatan tartamtu, instrumen musik tradisional isih digunakake kanggo nglestarikake warisan budaya. Ing perkembangane, gerakan iki populer ing taun 80-an lan malah mlebu era "puncak kejayaan" ing taun 90-an. Iki ditandhani karo tambah akeh penyanyi lan [[marchingband|band]] Melayu, lan pendatang anyar sing muncul kanthi lagu-lagu andalan dhewe. === Seni pertunjukan === [[Barkas:Joget Gamelan 1937.jpg|thumb|Pagelaran Joget Gamelan, 1937]] Wong Melayu duwé maneka warna musik lan tari sing minangka gabungan saka macem-macem pengaruh budaya. Genre-genre sing khas wiwit saka tari rakyat Melayu tradhisional kaya ta Mak Yong nganti tari Zapin sing dipengaruhi Arab. Gerakan koreografi uga maneka warna, saka langkah lan melodi sing prasaja ing Dikir barat nganti gerakan sing rumit ing Joget Gamelan. Musik tradhisional Melayu umumé musik perkusi. Maneka warna [[gong]] nyedhiyakake irama kanggo akeh tarian. Ana uga [[drum]] kanthi maneka warna ukuran, wiwit saka ''rebana ubi'' gedhe sing digunakake kanggo nandhani acara penting nganti ''rebana cilik'' (kendhang pigura) sing digunakake minangka iringan kanggo pengajian vokal ing upacara keagamaan.{{sfn|Moore|1998|p=48}} [[Barkas:KITLV - 3676 - Lambert & Co., G.R. - Singapore - Mahjong dance and drama at Penang Island - circa 1903.tif|thumb|left|Sakumpulan penari Melayu Siam sing nampilake Mak Yong (kira-kira abad kaping 19). Ing taun 2005, iki diakoni minangka salah sawijining karya agung warisan lisan lan ora nyata manungsa dening [[UNESCO]].]] Musik nobat dadi bagéan saka Regalia Kraton Melayu wiwit tekané Islam ing abad kaping 12 lan mung ditampilaké ing upacara-upacara penting kraton. Orkestrane kalebu instrumen suci lan dihormati banget yaiku ''nehara'' ([[kendang]]), ''gendang'' (kendang sirah loro), ''nafiri'' (trompet), ''[[serunai]]'' (oboe), lan kadhangkala gong kenop lan sepasang simbal.{{sfn|Marshall Cavendish|2007|p=1220}} Pengaruh India kuwat banget ing drama bayangan tradisional sing dikenal minangka [[wayang kulit|Wayang Kulit]], ing ngendi crita-crita saka epik [[Hindhu]]; [[Ramayana]] & [[Mahabharata]] dadi repertoar utama. Ana papat jinis teater wayang sing khas sing bisa ditemokake ing Semenanjung Malaya; ''Wayang Gedek'', ''Wayang Purwa'', ''Wayang Melayu'' lan ''Wayang Siam''.{{sfn|Srinivasa|2003|p=296}}{{sfn|Ghulam Sarwar Yousof|1997|p=3}}{{sfn|Matusky|1993|pp=8–11}} Sanajan mangkono, seni lan crita ''Wayang Purwa'' lan ''Wayang Siam'' nuduhake pengaruh regional sing nyawiji karo wong Jawa lan Siam, dene ''Wayang Melayu'' lan ''Wayang Gedek'' nyritakake bentuk lan busana Melayu sing luwih asli. Seni pertunjukan Melayu liyane sing kondhang yaiku; Teater ''[[Bangsawan]]'', ''Dondang Sayang'' seneng balada lan tari ''Mak Inang'' saka Kasultanan Malaka, ''Jikey'' lan ''Mek Mulung'' saka [[Kedah]], tari ''Asyik'' lan drama tari ''Menora'' saka Patani lan [[Kelantan]], Tari ''Ulek mayang'' lan ''Rodat'' saka [[Trengganu]], Teater ''Boria'' saka [[pulo Pinang|Penang]], Tari ''Canggung'' saka Perlis, Lagu-lagu narasi ''Mukun'' saka [[Brunéi Darussalam]] lan [[Sarawak]],{{sfn|Marzuki bin Haji Mohd Seruddin|2009}}<ref name="Ahmad Salehuddin 2009">{{harvnb|Ahmad Salehuddin|2009}}</ref> lan [[Gending Sriwijaya]] saka [[Kutha Palémbang|Palémbang]], lan ''Serampang Dua Belas'' saka Serdang.<ref name="Ahmad Salehuddin 2009"/> Zapin Api firedance saka [[Riau]] lan Dikir barat Singapura saka [[Singapura]]. === Seni rupa === [[Barkas:Burung Petala Indera I.png|thumb|Burung Petala Indra, manuk mitos raksasa sing digawe kanggo parade [[tetak|sunat]] agung pangeran [[Kelantan]].]] Seni ukir kayu minangka bagéyan saka [[seni rupa|seni visual]] Melayu klasik. Wong Melayu sacara tradhisional nghias monumen, prau, senjata, makam, alat musik, lan piranti-piranti kuna kanthi motif flora, kaligrafi, geometri, lan fitur kosmik. Seni iki ditindakake kanthi mbusak sebagian kayu nganggo piranti sing landhep lan ngetutake pola, komposisi, lan urutan tartamtu. Bentuk seni iki, sing dikenal minangka ''ukir'', dianggep minangka tumindak pengabdian para pengrajin marang sing nitahake lan hadiah kanggo sesamane.{{sfn|Said|2005}} Bentuk seni iki utamane disebabake dening akehe kayu ing Kepulauan Melayu lan uga dening katrampilan para pengukir kayu sing ngidini wong Melayu praktik ngukir kayu minangka kerajinan. Latar tropis alami ing ngendi flora lan fauna akeh wis menehi inspirasi kanggo motif kanggo digambarake kanthi bentuk abstrak utawa bergaya ing papan kayu. Kanthi rawuhe Islam, bentuk geometris lan kaligrafi Islam dikenalake ing ukiran kayu. Kayu sing digunakake biasane saka spesies kayu atos tropis sing dikenal awet lan bisa tahan serangan jamur, kumbang sepatu bot listrik, lan rayap.{{sfn|Said|2002}} Omah-omah tradhisional Melayu utawa masjid biasane dihiasi nganggo luwih saka 20 ukiran. Ukiran ing tembok lan panel ngidini angin sirkulasi kanthi efektif mlebu lan metu saka bangunan lan bisa ngidini sinar srengenge madhangi njero struktur kasebut. Ing wektu sing padha, bayangan sing digawe dening panel uga bakal nggawe bayangan adhedhasar motif sing nambah kaendahan ing lantai. Dadi, komponen sing diukir nduweni fungsi fungsional lan estetika. === Klambi tradhisional === [[Barkas:Busana Melayu.jpg|thumb|Wong lanang Melayu ing busana ''Melayu'', gaya tradhisional busana Melayu]] Sandhangan lan tekstil tradhisional Melayu wis terus owah wiwit jaman kuna. Sacara historis, wong Melayu kuna dicathet nggabungake maneka warna bahan alami minangka sumber penting kanggo kain, sandhangan, lan sandhangan. Nanging ing jaman biyen, nalika para pedagang awal teka saka wetan lan kulon menyang pelabuhan Kepulauan Melayu, padha bebarengan tuku barang-barang mewah anyar, kalebu katun lan sutra sing apik. Sandhangan kasebut banjur dadi sumber mode Melayu sing dhuwur lan nduweni peran budaya minangka identitas sing ngiket ing Nusantara, utamane ing semenanjung, Sumatra lan wilayah pesisir Kalimantan.{{sfn|Hassan|2016}} Ing budaya Melayu, sandhangan lan tekstil dianggep minangka simbol kaendahan, kekuasaan, lan status. Akeh cathetan ing hikayat Melayu nandheske papan khusus sing dikuwasani tekstil.{{sfn|Maznah Mohammad|1996|p=2}} Industri tenun tangan Melayu bisa dilacak asal-usule wiwit abad kaping 13 nalika jalur perdagangan wétan berkembang ing jaman Dinasti Song. Sebutan babagan tekstil gawean lokal uga dominasi tenunan ing [[Jasirah Malaka]] digawe ing macem-macem cathetan Tiongkok lan Arab.{{sfn|Maznah Mohammad|1996|p=19}} Antarane tekstil Melayu sing kondhang yaiku [[Songkèt]], [[Bathik]], ''Telepok'', ''Limar'', ''Tenun'', ''Kelingkam'', ''Cindai'', ''Pelangi'' lan ''Tekad''. Klambi Melayu klasik maneka warna ing saben wilayah, nanging klambi tradisional sing paling jero ing jaman saiki yaiku Baju Kurung (kanggo wanita) lan Baju Melayu (kanggo pria), sing loro-lorone diakoni minangka klambi nasional kanggo [[Malaysia]] lan [[Brunéi Darussalam]], lan uga dienggo dening komunitas Melayu ing [[Indhonésia]], [[Singapura]], [[Filipina]], [[Myanmar]] lan [[Thai]]land. [[Barkas:HariRayaMalaykids.jpg|thumb|left|Bocah-bocah Melayu nganggo klambi adat nalika [[Idul Fitri]]]] Tembung ''Baju Kurung'', sing sacara sastra ditegesi minangka "mbunteli awak" sing nganggo, dirancang adhedhasar prinsip-prinsip Islam babagan kesopanan, wicaksana, lan andhap asor. Praktek iki padha karo doktrin agama Yahudi-Kristen, amarga memamerkan bagian awak sing intim dianggep dilarang ing Islam. Interpretasi kasebut banjur diserap menyang cara berpakaian lan perspektif budaya Melayu, iki bisa dideleng kanthi cetha nalika pamrentahan Mansur Shah saka Malaka ing abad kaping 15, sultan nglarang rakyat Muslim wanita ing ngarep umum supaya ora mung nganggo sarung saka dhadha mudhun. Sajrone jaman biyen, Baju Kurung Melayu ngalami sawetara reinkarnasi sadurunge njupuk wujud kaya saiki. Amarga jembare maneka warna karajan Melayu ing Nuswantara, pola desain Baju Kurung uga bisa dideleng ing wilayah kasebut, kalebu [[Bengkulu]], [[Kedah]], [[Jambi]], Johor-Riau, Pahang lan [[Kutha Palémbang|Palémbang]].{{sfn|Hassan|2016}} Mode Baju Kurung sing cocog kanggo wong lanang diarani "Baju Melayu". Bagean ndhuwur sandhangan digawe kanthi desain geometris sing meh padha karo Baju Kurung lan umume dipasangake karo kain tenun sing dikenal minangka sarung. Pola sarung bisa uga kalebu simbol status perkawinan wong kasebut utawa pangkate ing masyarakat Melayu tradhisional.{{sfn|Hassan|2016}} Sandhangan Melayu klasik umum liyané kanggo wong lanang kalebu ''baju'' (klambi) utawa ''tekua'' (jinis klambi lengen dawa), ''baju rompi'' (rompi), ''kancing'', ''celana'' pendek (celana sikil cilik), [[sarung]] sing dienggo ing pinggul, ''capal'' (sandal), lan ''tanjak'' utawa ''tengkolok'' (tutup sirah); kanggo para bangsawan, ''baju sikap'' utawa ''baju layang'' (jinis jas) lan ''pending'' (gesper sabuk hias) uga sinonim kanggo dienggo minangka sandhangan resmi. Uga lumrah yen ''Pendekar'' (prajurit Melayu) nduweni [[keris]] sing diselipake ing lipatan ngarep sarung. Beda karo Baju Melayu sing isih dienggo mung minangka klambi upacara, Baju Kurung dienggo saben dina sajrone setaun dening mayoritas wanita Melayu. Katon pegawai negeri sipil wanita, pekerja profesional, lan mahasiswa nganggo Baju Kurung iku lumrah ing [[Malaysia]] lan [[Brunéi Darussalam]]. ==Sub-ètnis== {{Uga deleng|Wong Melayu Malaysia|Wong Melayu Indhonésia}} ==Deleng uga== * [[Donya Melayu]] * [[Omah Melayu]] ==Cathetan suku== {{Reflist}} ==Pranala njaba== {{stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Melayu}} [[Kategori:Melayu|*]] [[Kategori:Suku bangsa ing Malaysia]] [[Kategori:Suku bangsa ing Indonesia]] [[Kategori:Golongan ètnik ing Indonésia]] [[Kategori:Golongan ètnik ing Malaysia]] {{Featured article}} {{Authority control}} n0fx5i3kvkd07tvuyfiufiqtf6r9zkt 1755892 1755891 2026-08-31T14:48:06Z ~2026-38892-59 73578 1755892 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group | group = <br/>Wong Melayu<br/>''Orang Melayu''<br/>أورڠ ملايو | image = [[Gambar:Siti Nurhaliza - KLIFF 08.jpg|57px|Siti Nurhaliza]] [[Gambar:Mahathir 2007.jpg|57px|Mahathir Mohammad]] [[Gambar:Muszaphar shukor.jpg|57px|Sheikh Muszaphar Shukor]]<br/>[[Gambar:Amir Hamzah portrait edit.jpg|51px|Amir Hamzah]] [[Gambar:Raja Ali Haji.jpg|57px|Raja Ali Haji]] [[Gambar:Hamzah Haz.jpg|57px|Hamzah Haz]]<br/>[[Gambar:Siti Nordiana interviewed by MeleTOP.jpg|70px|Siti Nordiana]] | caption = Sakarepe: [[Siti Nurhaliza]] • [[Mahathir Mohammad]] • [[Sheikh Muszaphar Shukor]]<br/> Kaloro: [[Amir Hamzah]] • [[Raja Ali Haji]] • [[Hamzah Haz]]<br/> Katelu: [[Siti Nordiana]] | poptime = {{circa}} '''40.000.000 jiwane''' <!-- sum of numbers from each region below --> | region1 = <span style="font-size:105%;">'''Pedunung mayoritas'''</span> | region6 = '''{{flagicon|Malaysia}} [[Malaysia]]''' | pop6 = 20.749.378 <small>(2010 prakiraan)</small> | ref6 = {{lower|<ref>{{harvnb|Economic Planning Unit (Malaysia)|2010}}</ref>}} | region7 = '''{{flagicon|Brunei}} [[Brunéi Darussalam]]''' | pop7 = 501.902 <small>(2010 prakiraan)</small> | ref7 = {{lower|<ref name="CIA (B)>"{{harvnb|CIA World Factbook|t=Brunei|2012}}</ref>}} | region8 = <span style="font-size:105%;">'''Pedunung minoritas'''</span> | pop8 = | ref8 = | region9 = '''{{flagicon|Indonesia}} [[Indonésia]]''' | pop9 = 8.789.585 <small>(2010 prakiraan)</small> | ref9 = {{lower|<ref>{{harvnb|Badan Pusat Statistika Indonesia|2010}}</ref><ref>Figure obtained based on the percentage of Malays in 2000 census and the total Indonesian population in 2010 census</ref>}} | region10 = '''{{flagicon|Thailand}} [[Thailand]]''' | pop10 = 5.354.475 <small>(2010 prakiraan)</small> | ref10 = {{lower|<ref>{{harvnb|CIA World Factbook|t=Thailand|2012}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples|2005}}</ref>}} | region11 = '''{{flagicon|Singapura}} [[Singapura]]''' | pop11 = 1.003.449 <small>(2010 prakiraan)</small> | ref11 = {{lower|<ref>{{harvnb|CIA World Factbook|t=Singapore|2012}}</ref>}} | region12 = '''{{flagicon|Philippines}} [[Pilipina]]''' | pop12 = 2.000.000 | ref12 = | region13 = '''{{flagicon|Liga Arab}} [[Nagara-nagara Arab]]''' | pop13 = ~50.000 | ref13 = <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.utusan.com.my/rencana/agama/jejak-melayu-di-bumi-anbiya-1.437075|title=Jejak Melayu di bumi anbiya|work=Utusan Online |access-date=2 Juli 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180915002357/http://www.utusan.com.my/rencana/agama/jejak-melayu-di-bumi-anbiya-1.437075|archive-date=15 Sèptèmber 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ww1.kosmo.com.my/kosmo/content.asp?y=2017&dt=0126&pub=Kosmo&sec=Rencana_Utama&pg=ru_02.htm|title=Jabal Ajyad perkampungan komuniti Melayu di Mekah|work=Kosmo Online |access-date=2 Juli 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180915001838/http://ww1.kosmo.com.my/kosmo/content.asp?y=2017&dt=0126&pub=Kosmo&sec=Rencana_Utama&pg=ru_02.htm|archive-date=15 Sèptèmber 2018}}</ref> | languages = [[Basa Malayu]], [[Basa Indhonésia]], [[Basa Thai]], [[Basa Arab]], [[Basa Inggris]], lan [[Basa Tamil]] | religions = [[Islam]] | related = [[Wong Acèh|Acèh]], [[Wong Banjar|Banjar]], [[Wong Minangkêbo|Minang]], [[Wong Kerinci|Kerinci]], [[Wong Tidung|Tidung]], [[Wong Laut|Laut]], [[Wong Betawi|Betawi]] }} [[Gambar:Malay couple.jpg|thumb|300px|Pasangan Melayu nganggo sandhangan tradhisional sawisé upacara ''akad nikah''. Penganten kakung nganggo ''baju melayu'' nganggo ''songkok'' lan ''[[songkèt]]'', dene penganten putri nganggo ''baju kurung'' nganggo ''tudong''.]] [[Gambar:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Kleurenlitho getiteld Jong gehuwde Maleische vrouw TMnr 5795-34.jpg|thumb|300px|Wadon Melayu ing Kutai diidentifikasi kanthi bentuk bun sing khas (litografi dening C. F. Kelley adhedhasar gambar dening Carl Book, [[1887]])]] '''Wong Melayu''' ({{lang-ms|'''Melayu'''}}; [[Aksara Jawi|Jawi]]: ملايو) minangka klompok suku bangsa [[Austronésia]] utamané ing Semenanjung Malaya, ing saindenging [[Sumatra]], kidul [[Thailand]], pesisir kidul [[Burma]], pulo [[Singapura]], [[Borneo]] pesisir kalebu [[Brunei]], [[Kalimantan Kulon]], [[Kalimantan Wétan]] lan [[Sarawak]] lan [[Sabah]] pesisir, [[Pilipina]] sisih kulon lan sisih kidul, lan pulo-pulo cilik sing ana ing antarané lokasi kasebut — sacara koléktif dikenal minangka "Dunia Melayu". Lokasi iki saiki dadi bagéan saka negara-negara modern [[Malaysia]], [[Indhonésia]], [[Singapura]], [[Brunei]], [[Burma]], [[Thailand]], lan [[Filipina]]. Malah, akéh komunitas [[Minangkabau]], [[Mandailing]], lan [[Dayak]] sing pindhah menyang pesisir wétan [[Sumatra]] lan pesisir kulon [[Kalimantan]], ngaku wong Melayu. Saliyané ing Nusantara, wong Melayu uga ang ing [[Sri Lanka]], [[Kapuloan Cocos (Keeling)]] ''(Cocos Malays)'', lan [[Afrika Kidul]] ''(Cape Malays)''. Ana maneka warna basa, budaya, seni, lan sosial sing cukup akeh ing antarane akeh subkelompok Melayu, utamane amarga atusan taun imigrasi lan asimilasi macem-macem etnis lan suku regional ing Asia Tenggara Maritim. Sacara historis, populasi Melayu utamane keturunan saka suku [[kulawarga basa Austronésia|Austronésia]] lan [[kulawarga basa Austroasiatika|Austroasia]] sing nganggo [[basa Malayu]] sadurunge sing ngedegake sawetara negara lan kerajaan dagang maritim kuna, utamane [[Brunéi Darussalam|Brunéi]], [[Kedah]], Langkasuka, Gangga Negara, Chi Tu, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Pahang, [[Kerajaan Melayu|Melayu]], lan [[Praja Sriwijaya|Sriwijaya]].{{sfn|Milner|2010|pp=24, 33}}{{sfn|Barnard|2004|pp=7 & 60}} Tekane Kesultanan Malaka ing abad kaping 15 micu revolusi gedhe ing sejarah Melayu, sing penting banget dumunung ing warisan politik lan budaya sing jembar. Tandha-tandha definitif umum saka kemelayuan — agama Islam, basa lan tradhisi Melayu — dianggep wis diproklamasikake ing jaman iki, sing ndadékaké etnogenesis wong Melayu minangka klompok etnoreligius utama ing wilayah kasebut. Ing sastra, arsitektur, tradhisi kuliner, sandhangan tradisional, seni pertunjukan, seni bela diri, lan tradhisi kraton, Malaka netepake standar sing ditiru dening kesultanan Melayu sabanjure. Jaman keemasan kesultanan Melayu ing Semenanjung Malaya, Sumatra Wétan, lan Pesisir Kalimantan nyumurupi akèh pedunungé, mliginé saka manéka warna komunitas suku kaya ta [[Wong Batak|Batak]], [[Dayak]], Wong Asli, lan [[Wong Laut]], sing tundhuk marang Islamisasi lan Invasi Melayu. Sajrone sejarah, istilah "Melayu" wis ditambahi menyang klompok etnis liyane ing "[[Donya Melayu]]"; panggunaan iki saiki umume diwatesi ing Malaysia lan Singapura, ing ngendi keturunan liyane saka klompok etnis iki diarani Anak Dagang ("pedagang") lan umume asale saka [[Indhonésia]] kayata [[wong Acèh]], [[Wong Banjar|Banjar]], [[Wong Bugis|Bugis]], [[Wong Mandailing|Mandailing]], [[Wong Minangkêbo|Minangkêbo]] lan [[Wong Jawa|Jawa]]. == Etimologi == [[Barkas:Candi Muaro Jambi dengan langit biru.jpg|thumb|[[Kompleks Candhi Muaro Jambi]] ing [[Jambi]], sacara historis ana hubungane karo [[Kerajaan Melayu]] pra-Islam. Wong Melayu-Sriwijaya dikenal mbangun sistem bangunan sing rumit ing ibukutha, kutha-kutha gedhe, lan pusat kutha sing penting.]] [[Barkas:Bukit Seguntang Tombs.jpg|thumb|Bukit Seguntang ing [[Kutha Palémbang|Palémbang]]. Miturut ''[[Sejarah Melayu]]'', bukit iki nyathet munculé Sang Sapurba, leluhur legendaris kanggo macem-macem kulawarga kerajaan Melayu ing [[Sumatra]], [[Jasirah Malaka|Semenanjung Malaya]], lan [[Kalimantan]].]] Literatur epik ''[[Sulalatus Salatin|Sajarah Melayu]]'' nggandhengake asal-usul etimologis "Melayu" karo kali cilik sing jenenge Sungai Melayu ('kali Melayu') ing [[Sumatra]], [[Indhonésia]]. Epik kasebut salah nyebutake yen kali kasebut mili menyang [[Kali Musi]] ing [[Kutha Palémbang|Palémbang]], dene sejatine mili menyang Kali Batang Hari ing [[Jambi]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Reid |first=Anthony |date=Oktober 2001 |title=Understanding Melayu (Malay) as a Source of Diverse Modern Identities |journal=Journal of Southeast Asian Studies |volume=32 |issue=3 |pages=295–313|doi=10.1017/S0022463401000157 |pmid=19192500 }}</ref>{{rp|298}} Istilah iki dianggep asale saka tembung Melayu ''melaju'', gabungan saka awalan verbal 'me' lan tembung oyot 'laju', sing tegese "nyepetake", digunakake kanggo njlentrehake arus kali sing deres lan cepet.{{sfn|Melebek|Moain|2006|pp=9–10}} === Minangka jeneng panggonan (toponim) === Sadurungé abad kaping 15, istilah "Melayu" lan varian sing mèmper katon ditrapaké minangka toponim lawas kanggo wilayah [[Selat Malaka]] sacara umum.{{sfn|Barnard|2004|p=3}} * '''''Malaya Dwipa''''', "Malaya Dvipa", diterangake ing bab 48, Vayu Purana minangka salah sawijining provinsi ing segara wétan sing kebak emas lan perak. Sawetara sarjana nyamakake istilah iki karo [[Sumatra]],{{sfn|Deka|2007|p=57}} nanging sawetara sarjana India percaya yen istilah kasebut kudune nuduhake Semenanjung Melayu sing pagunungan, dene Sumatra luwih tepat digandhengake karo Suvarnadvipa.{{sfn|Pande|2006|p=266}}{{sfn|Gopal|2000|p=139}}{{sfn|Ahir|1995|p=612}}{{sfn|Mukerjee|1984|p=212}}{{sfn|Sarkar|1970|p=8}} * '''''Maleu-kolon''''' – lokasi ing Semenanjung Emas, saka karya [[Claudius Ptolemaeus|Ptolemy]], Geographia.{{sfn|Gerini|1974|p=101}} * '''''Mo-lo-yu''''' – kasebut déning Yijing, sawijining biksu Buddha Tionghoa saka [[Wangsa Tang|Dinasti Tang]] sing ngunjungi Asia Tenggara ing taun 688–695. Miturut Yijing, karajan ''Mo-Lo-Yu'' dumunung ing jarak 15 dina lelayaran saka Bogha (Palembang), ibukutha Sribhoga ([[Praja Sriwijaya|Sriwijaya]]). Butuh layar 15 dina kanggo tekan Ka-Cha ([[Kedah]]) saka Mo-lo-yu; mula, bisa diarani yen Mo-Lo-Yu bakal dumunung ing tengah-tengah antarane rong panggonan kasebut.{{sfn|I Ching|2005|p=xl–xli}} Ana téori populer sing nggandhèngaké ''Mo-Lo-Yu'' karo [[Kompleks Candhi Muaro Jambi|Jambi]] ing Sumatra,{{sfn|Melayu Online|2005}} nanging lokasi geografis Jambi kontradiksi karo katrangané Yi Jing babagan "layar setengah dalan antara ''Ka-Cha'' (Kedah) lan ''Bogha'' (Palembang)". Ing jaman [[Wangsa Yuan|Dinasti Yuan]] (1271–1368) lan [[Wangsa Ming|Dinasti Ming]] (1368–1644), tembung ''Ma-La-Yu'' kerep disebut ing teks-teks sejarah Tiongkok – kanthi owah-owahan ejaan amarga rentang wektu antarane dinasti – kanggo nyebutake sawijining bangsa ing cedhak segara kidul. Antarane istilah-istilah sing digunakake yaiku "Bôk-lá-yù", "Mók-là-yū" (木剌由), Má-lì-yù-er (麻里予兒), Oō-laì-yu (巫来由) — dilacak saka sumber tinulis saka bhikkhu [[Xuanzang]]) lan Wú-laī-yû (無来由). * '''''Malaiyur''''' – kasebut ing prasasti Tanjore. Iki digambarake minangka kerajaan sing nduweni "gunung sing kuwat minangka benteng" sing tiba menyang penjajah Chola nalika kampanye Rajendra Chola I ing abad kaping 11. Bisa uga ana ing Sumatra, antarane Pannai lan Sriwijaya ([[Kutha Palémbang|Palémbang]]),<ref>{{Cite book |title=Nagapattinam to suvarnadwipa: Reflections on the chola naval expeditions to Southeast Asia |publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian Studies |year=2009 |editor-last1=Kulke |editor-first1=Hermann |location=Singapore |editor-last2=Kesavapany |editor-first2=K. |editor-last3=Sakhuja |editor-first3=Vijay}}</ref>{{rp|77–78, 170}} bisa uga ana ing situs arkeologi [[Kabupatèn Muaro Jambi|Muaro Jambi]].<ref name=":6">{{Cite book|last=Miksic|first=John M.|year=2013|title=Singapore and the Silk Road of the Sea, 1300–1800|publisher=NUS Press|isbn=978-9971-69-558-3|author1-link=John N. Miksic}}</ref>{{rp|405}} * '''''Malai''''' – sing kasebut déning ahli géografi Arab abad kaping 12 [[Al-Idrisi|Muhammad al-Idrisi]] ing Tabula Rogeriana, pulo iki njlèntrèhaké semenanjung Malaya minangka pulo sing dawa lan nyebut Malai, wewatesan karo Qmer (Khmer) lan dunungé 12 dina layar saka Sanf (Champa).<ref>[https://www.sg/sgbicentennial/the-bicentennial-experience/map/al-idrisis-a-guide-to-pleasant-journeys-into-faraway-lands/ al-Idrisi's A guide to Pleasant Journeys into Faraway Lands]. Singapore Bicentennial Office. November 2019.</ref><ref>Gerini, G. E., & Royal Geographical Society (Great Britain). (1909). [https://books.google.com.my/books?id=FKYcAAAAMAAJ&vq=malai&pg=PA535#v=onepage&q=malai&f=false Researches on Ptolemy's Geography of Eastern Asia (further India and Indo-Malay Archipelago) (Asiatic Society monographs)]. Royal Asiatic society, Royal geographical society. p. 535.</ref> * '''''Bhūmi Mālayu''''' – (secara harfiah "Tanah Malayu"), transkripsi saka [[Prasasti Padang Roco]] taun 1286 M dening Slamet Muljana.{{sfn|Muljana|1981|p=223}} Istilah iki ana gandheng cenenge karo kerajaan Dharmasraya. * '''''Ma-li-yu-er''''' – kasebut ing babad [[Wangsa Yuan]], nuduhake sawijining bangsa ing Semenanjung Melayu sing ngadhepi ekspansi Kerajaan Sukhothai menyang kidul, nalika jaman pamrentahan Ram Khamhaeng.<ref>{{cite web |title=Chronicle of Mongol Yuan |website=guoxue.com |language=zh |url=http://www.guoxue.com/shibu/24shi/yuanshi/yuas_210.htm |access-date=5 Fèbruari 2026 |archive-date=27 Agustus 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100827214255/http://www.guoxue.com/shibu/24shi/yuanshi/yuas_210.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> Kronik kasebut nyatakake: "''..Ana rasa sengit antarane Siam lan Ma-li-yu-er nganti loro-lorone padha mateni siji lan sijine ...''". Kanggo nanggepi tumindake Sukhothai, utusan Tiongkok menyang kraton Ram Khamhaeng ing taun 1295 nggawa dekrit kekaisaran: "Tetepna janjimu lan aja nindakake piala marang Ma-li-yu-er".{{sfn|Hall|1981|p=190}} * '''''Malauir''''' – kasebut ing cathetan [[Marco Polo]] minangka kerajaan sing dumunung ing Semenanjung Melayu,{{sfn|Cordier|2009|p=105}}{{sfn|Wright|2004|pp=364–365}} bisa uga padha karo sing kasebut ing kronik Yuan. * '''''Malayapura''''' – (sacara harfiah "kutha Malaya" utawa "bètèng Malaya"), sing ditulis ing [[prasasti Amoghapasa]] sing ditulis taun 1347 Masehi. Istilah iki digunakake dening [[Adityawarman]] kanggo nyebut Dharmasraya. Saran liyané kalebu tembung [[basa Jawa|Jawa]] ''mlayu'' (minangka kriya: mlayu, partisip: buronan), utawa istilah Melayu ''melaju'' (nyepetake kanthi ajeg), sing nuduhake mobilitas dhuwur lan sifat migrasi wong-wongé. De Barros (1552) nyebutake yen [[Paraméswara|Iskandar Shah]] menehi jeneng ''Malaios'' (wong Melayu) kaya ngono amarga bapakne diusir saka negarane. Albuquerque nerangake yen [[Paraméswara|Parameswara]] mlayu (''malayo'') saka kerajaan Palembang menyang Malaka.{{sfn|Crawfurd|1856|p=[https://archive.org/details/adescriptivedic00crawgoog/page/n254/mode/2up 244]}} === Minangka jeneng ètnis (etnonim) === {{multiple image | align = right | total_width = 420 | image1 = Malays from the Malacca Sultanate Codice Casanatense.jpg | alt1 = Wong Melayu ing Malaka | caption1 = Cat banyu Portugis wong Malaya ing Malaka, kira-kira taun 1540, ditampilake ing Códice Casanatense | image2 = A Malay couple RBSeite93.jpg | alt2 = Pasangan Melayu | caption2 = Ilustrasi pasangan Melayu, saka ''Reise nach Batavia'', antarane taun 1669 lan 1682 | image3 = JogetUNISEL.jpg | alt3 = Tari Joget | caption3 = Tari Joget saka Kesultanan Malaka; akeh aspek budaya Melayu sing asale saka kraton Malaka }} Tembung "Melayu" minangka etnonim, kanggo ngrujuk marang kluster etnologis sing béda banget, dianggep wis dadi populer sajrone integrasi Kesultanan Malaka minangka kakuwatan regional ing abad kaping 15. Iki digunakake kanggo nglaporake babagan keberpihakan sosial wong Malaka tinimbang wong manca ing wilayah sing padha, utamane [[wong Jawa]] lan [[Thai]].{{sfn|Barnard|2004|p=4}} Iki dibuktèkaké saka dhaptar tembung Melayu awal abad kaping 16 déning Antonio Pigafetta sing gabung karo pelayaran Magellan, sing ngrujuk babagan kepriyé frasa ''chiara Malaiu'' ('cara Melayu') digunakaké ing maritim [[Asia Kidul-wétan]], kanggo nyebut ''al parlare de Malaea'' ([[basa Italia]] kanggo "ngomong babagan Malaka").{{sfn|Milner|2010|pp=22}} Sastra Melayu klasik nggambarake wong Melayu kanthi makna sing luwih sempit tinimbang interpretasi modern. ''Hikayat Hang Tuah'' (kira-kira taun 1700, manuskrip kira-kira taun 1849) mung nyebutake wong Melayu minangka subjek Kesultanan Malaka; [[Brunéi Darussalam|Brunéi]], nalika semana, ora dianggep minangka wong Melayu. ''Hikayat Patani'' (manuskrip: 1876) contoné, ora nyebut Patani lan Brunéi minangka [[basa Malayu]], istilah kuwi mung digunakaké kanggo [[Johor]]. Kedah boten kalebet basa Melayu ing babad Kedah/Hikayat Merong Mahawangsa (kira-kira 1821). ''Hikayat Aceh'' (kira-kira taun 1625, manuskrip kira-kira taun 1675) nggandhengake etnis Melayu karo Johor, nanging mesthi ora karo Aceh utawa Deli.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Milner |first=Anthony |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sACaolB0FpkC&q=liberally |title=The Malays |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |year=2011 |isbn=978-1-4443-9166-4 |pages=91–92 |access-date=5 Fèbruari 2026|archive-date=31 Maret 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331160702/https://books.google.com/books?id=sACaolB0FpkC&q=liberally |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>For the dating of the manuscripts, see [https://mcp.anu.edu.au/Q/texts.html Malay Concordance Project]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809133732/https://mcp.anu.edu.au/Q/texts.html|date=9 Agustus 2022}}.</ref> == Asal-usul == [[Barkas:Baju Melayu.jpg|thumb|Sekelompok wong lanang saka [[Brunéi Darussalam]] nganggo sandhangan jinis ''Cekak Musang'', dienggo bareng karo [[songkèt]] (kiwa paling adoh) lan ''[[sarung|kain sarung]]''.]] === Modhél Proto-Melayu === Uga dikenal minangka ''Melayu asli'' (wong Melayu asli) utawa ''Melayu purba'' (wong Melayu kuna), wong Proto-Melayu asale saka Austronésia lan dipercaya wis migrasi menyang Kapuloan Melayu sajrone serangkaian migrasi dawa antarane 2500 lan 1500 SM.{{sfn|Ryan|1976|pp=4–5}} Proto-Melayu sing misuwur saiki yaiku Moken, Jakun, Orang Kuala, Temuan lan Orang Kanaq.<ref>{{cite web |title=Orang Asli Population Statistics |publisher=Center for Orang Asli Concerns |url= http://www.coac.org.my/codenavia/portals/coacv2/code/main/main_art.php?parentID=11374494101180&artID=11432750280711 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110722233738/http://www.coac.org.my/codenavia/portals/coacv2/code/main/main_art.php?parentID=11374494101180&artID=11432750280711 |archive-date=22 Juli 2011}}</ref> ''The Encyclopedia of Malaysia: Early History'' ({{lang|id|Ensiklopedia Malaysia: Sejarah Awal}}), wis nudingake total telung teori babagan asal-usul wong Melayu: * Teori Yunnan (diterbitake ing taun 1889) – Teori Proto-Melayu sing asale saka Yunnan kira-kira 4.000 nganti 6.000 taun kepungkur. Téori iki didhukung déning R.H Geldern lan timé sing nduwé téori yèn migrasi wong-wong mau kedadeyan saka Kali Mekong menyang [[Jasirah Malaka|Semenanjung Malaya]]. Bukti liyané sing ndhukung téori iki kalebu piranti watu sing ditemokaké ing Kepulauan Melayu sing analog karo piranti Asia Tengah, sing nuduhaké kamiripan adat istiadat Melayu lan Assam.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=Parthipan |first1=Shalini |last2=Mirianti Ishar |first2=Seri |date=2022 |title=Perspective on Ancestral Lineages and Genetic Markers of Malay Population in Peninsular Malaysia |url=http://journalarticle.ukm.my/19571/1/49021-177065-2-PB.pdf |journal=Journal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia |volume=20 |issue=1 |page=86 |via=Journalarticle.ukm.my |access-date=24 Maret 2026 |archive-date=16 Oktober 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221016080144/http://journalarticle.ukm.my/19571/1/49021-177065-2-PB.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> * Teori New Guinea/Pelaut (diterbitake ing taun 1965) – Migrasi pelaut kanthi katrampilan oseanografi sing kuwat sing lelungan saka pulo siji menyang pulo liyane antarane [[Niu Sélan]] lan [[Madhagaskar]]. Teori kasebut ngaku yen morfologi wong Melayu nalika semana padha karo Negroid.<ref name=":0" /> * Teori [[Républik Cina|Taiwan]] (diterbitake ing taun 1997) – Migrasi sekelompok wong saka Tiongkok Kidul kedadeyan 6.000 taun kepungkur, sawetara pindhah menyang [[Taiwan]] ([[wong pribumi Taiwan|pribumi Taiwan]] saiki minangka keturunane), banjur menyang [[Filipina]] lan mengko menyang [[Kalimantan]] (kurang luwih 4.500 taun kepungkur) ([[Dayak]] saiki lan kelompok liyane). Wong-wong kuna iki uga pisah, ana sing menyang [[Sulawesi]] lan ana sing menyang [[Jawa]], lan [[Sumatra]], sing saiki kabeh nganggo basa-basa sing kalebu kulawarga Basa Austronesia. Migrasi pungkasan kedadeyan ing Semenanjung Malaya kira-kira 3.000 taun kepungkur. Sawijining sub-kelompok saka Kalimantan pindhah menyang Champa ing jaman saiki sing diarani Vietnam Tengah lan Kidul kira-kira 4.500 taun kepungkur. Ana uga jejak migrasi Dong Son lan Hoabinhian saka [[Viètnam]] lan [[Kamboja]]. Kabeh klompok iki nduweni DNA lan asal-usul linguistik sing bisa ditelusuri saka pulo sing saiki diarani Taiwan, lan leluhure wong-wong kuna iki bisa ditelusuri saka Tiongkok kidul.{{sfn|Barnard|2004}} ==== Deutero-Melayu ==== [[Barkas:Women from Palembang in Ikat weave, Wanita di Indonesia p29 (Ministry of Information).jpg|thumb|Wanita saka [[Kutha Palémbang|Palémbang]] nganggo busana tradhisional, sing diarani Baju Kurung sing digawe saka [[Songkèt]]. Klambi iki umume digandhengake karo wanita keturunan Melayu.]] Wong Deutero-Melayu iku wong [[jaman wesi|Jaman Wesi]] sing sebagian turunan saka wong Austronésia sabanjure sing dilengkapi teknik pertanian sing luwih maju lan kawruh anyar babagan logam.{{sfn|Murdock|1969|p=278}}{{sfn|Ooi|2004|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=QKgraWbb7yoC&pg=PA495 495]}}{{sfn|Anderbeck|2002}} Para pemukim Deutero-Melayu ora nomaden kaya para leluhure: nanging dheweke manggon lan ngadegake kampung-kampung sing dadi unit utama ing masyarakat. Kampung-kampung iki biasane dumunung ing pinggir kali utawa pesisir lan umume bisa nyukupi pangan lan kabutuhan liyane. Ing pungkasan abad kaping 1 SM, kampung-kampung iki wiwit nindakake perdagangan karo jagad njaba.{{sfn|Jamil Abu Bakar|2002|p=39}} Wong Deutero-Melayu dianggep minangka leluhur langsung saka wong Melayu saiki.{{sfn|TED|1999}} ==== Ekspansi saka modhél Sundaland ==== Téori sing luwih anyar nyatakaké yèn tinimbang dipanggoni déning ekspansi saka daratan, populasi Jaman És ing Semenanjung Malaya, Kapuloan Indhonésia sing cedhak, lan landas kontinèntal sing nalika iku katon (Sundaland) malah berkembang sacara lokal saka pemukim manungsa pisanan lan ngembang menyang daratan. Para pendukung téori iki percaya yèn ekspansi iki mènèhi panjelasan sing luwih irit babagan bukti linguistik, arkeologi, lan antropologis tinimbang modhèl sadurungé, mliginé model Taiwan.{{sfn|Oppenheimer|2006}} Téori iki uga nduwèni dhukungan saka bukti genetik anyar saka Human Genome Organisation sing nuduhaké yèn pedunung utama Asia kedadeyan ing siji migrasi liwat [[Asia Kidul-wétan]]; rute iki dianggep minangka wilayah Melayu modern lan keragaman ing wilayah kasebut berkembang utamane ing panggonan kasebut tanpa mbutuhake migrasi utama saka daratan. Ekspansi kasebut dhewe bisa uga disebabake dening kenaikan permukaan laut ing pungkasan Jaman Es.{{sfn|Abdulla et al.|2009}}{{sfn|Soares, et al.|2008}} Stephen Oppenheimer, pendukung paham iki, luwih lanjut ngajokake teori yen ekspansi bangsa kedadeyan kanthi telung gelombang cepet amarga kenaikan permukaan laut ing pungkasan Jaman Es, lan diaspora iki nyebarake bangsa-bangsa kasebut lan budaya, mitos, lan teknologi sing ana gandhengane ora mung menyang daratan Asia Tenggara, nanging uga nganti India, Timur Tengah, lan Mediterania. Para pengulas nemokake usulan-usulane kanggo pemukiman lan panyebaran asli pantes ditliti luwih lanjut, nanging isih skeptis karo klaim difusionis dheweke.{{sfn|Razak|2012}}{{sfn|Terrell|1999}}{{sfn|Baer|1999}} === Bukti genetik === Wong Melayu iku sawijining klompok ètnis sing manggon ing Asia Kidul-wétan lan Semenanjung Malaya sing nganggo basa Austronésia. Miturut panliten ing taun 2015, wong Melayu saka Semenanjung Malaysia, [[Singapura]], [[Indhonésia]], lan [[Sri Lanka]] nduweni 4 komponen leluhur utama, kalebu Austronésia (17%–62%), Proto-Melayu (15%–31%), Asia Timur (4%–16%) lan Asia Selatan (3%–34%). Nanging komponen pribumi Austronésia lan Asia Tenggara luwih penting kanggo wong Melayu saka Semenanjung Malaysia, Singapura lan Indhonésia tinimbang Asia Wétan lan Asia Kidul. Kosok baline, wong Melayu saka Sri Lanka nduweni udakara 34% keturunan Asia Kidul ing susunan genetik, sing ndadekake dheweke relatif béda.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Deng |first1=Lian |last2=Hoh |first2=Boon-Peng |last3=Lu |first3=Dongsheng |last4=Saw |first4=Woei-Yuh |display-authors=3 |date=2015 |title=Dissecting the genetic structure and admixture of four geographical Malay populations |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=5 |doi=10.1038/srep14375 |pmid=26395220 |pmc=4585825 |bibcode=2015NatSR...514375D }}</ref> Panliten ing taun 2021 nyimpulake yen garis keturunan Basal-Asia Timur sing khas (kadhangkala diarani '''East- and Southeast Asian lineage''<nowiki/>' (ESEA)), sing minangka leluhure wong Asia Timur lan Tenggara modern, wong Polinesia, lan wong Siberia, asale saka Daratan Asia Tenggara ing ~50.000 SM, lan berkembang liwat pirang-pirang gelombang migrasi menyang kidul lan lor. Leluhur basal-Asia Wétan, uga leluhur sing ana gandhèngané karo [[kulawarga basa Austroasiatika|Austroasia]], nyebar menyang Asia Kidul-wétan Maritim sadurungé ekspansi Austronésia. Wong-wong sing nganggo basa Austronésia dhewe dikira wis tekan ing [[Taiwan]] lan [[Filipina]] sisih lor antarane 10.000 lan 7.000 SM saka pesisir kidul Tiongkok, lan nyebar saka kana menyang saindenging Asia Tenggara. Para penulis nyimpulake yen ekspansi Austronésia menyang Insular Asia Tenggara lan [[Polinésia]] metu saka Filipina tinimbang Taiwan, lan wong-wong sing nganggo basa Austronesia modern, kayata wong Melayu, umume duwe leluhur saka Basal-Asia Timur paling awal, migran Austroasia saka Asia Tenggara Daratan, lan pelaut sing nganggo basa Austronésia saka Filipina, tanpa akeh campuran saka klompok sadurunge.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Larena |first1=Maximilian |last2=Sanchez-Quinto |first2=Federico |last3=Sjödin |first3=Per |last4=McKenna |first4=James |last5=Ebeo |first5=Carlo |last6=Reyes |first6=Rebecca |last7=Casel |first7=Ophelia |last8=Huang |first8=Jin-Yuan |last9=Hagada |first9=Kim Pullupul |last10=Guilay |first10=Dennis |last11=Reyes |first11=Jennelyn |date=30 Maret 2021 |title=Multiple migrations to the Philippines during the last 50,000 years |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=118 |issue=13 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2026132118 |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=8020671 |pmid=33753512|bibcode=2021PNAS..11826132L |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Yang |first=Melinda A. |date=6 Januari 2022 |title=A genetic history of migration, diversification, and admixture in Asia |url=http://www.pivotscipub.com/hpgg/2/1/0001/html |journal=Human Population Genetics and Genomics |language=en |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=1–32 |doi=10.47248/hpgg2202010001 |issn=2770-5005 |doi-access=free |access-date=25 Maret 2026 |archive-date=16 Mèi 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220516110501/http://www.pivotscipub.com/hpgg/2/1/0001/html |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Budaya== === Agama === [[Barkas:Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin Mosque 02.jpg|thumb|Masjid Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien ing [[Brunéi Darussalam]] ing wayah wengi [[Ramadhan]]. Karajan sugih iki nganut Melayu Islam Beraja (''Monarki Islam Melayu'') minangka filosofi nasional wiwit kamardikane ing taun 1984.]] Komunitas Melayu wiwitan umumé [[animisme|animis]], percaya marang anané ''semangat'' (roh) ing saben bab.<ref name="zaki1">{{harvnb|Zaki Ragman|2003|pp=1–6}}</ref> Kira-kira nalika wiwitan jaman umum, agama [[Hindhu]] lan [[Buda]] dikenalake dening para pedagang Asia Kidul menyang Kepulauan Melayu, ing ngendi agama kasebut berkembang nganti abad kaping 13, sadurunge tekane Islam sing digawa dening para pedagang Muslim Arab, Asia Kidul, lan Tiongkok. Ing abad kaping 15, Islam saka sekte [[Sunni]] ortodoks ngrembaka ing jagad Melayu ing jaman Kesultanan Malaka. Beda karo agama [[Hindhu|Hindu]], sing mung ngowahi masyarakat Melayu awal kanthi dangkal, [[Islam]] bisa diarani wis terintegrasi kanthi lengkap menyang urip saben dinane penduduk.<ref name="Syed">{{harvnb|Syed Husin Ali|2008|p=57}}</ref> Wiwit jaman iki, wong Melayu dianggep minangka kelompok etnoreligius lan sacara tradhisional nduweni identifikasi sing cedhak karo Islam{{sfn|Johns|Lahoud|2005|p=157}} lan wiwit kuwi dheweke ora ngganti agama.<ref name="Syed" /> Identitas iki kuwat banget nganti diarani dadi Muslim yaiku ''masuk Melayu'' (mlebu keMelayuan).{{sfn|Andaya|Andaya|1984|p=55}} Sanajan mangkono, kapercayan-kapercayan sadurungé sing duwé oyot sing luwih jero, tetep nglawan kutukan Islam - lan pancen mistisisme [[Sufisme]] wis gegandhèngan ing antarane wong Melayu, karo roh-roh saka jagad animisme sadurungé lan sawetara unsur Hindhu.{{sfn|Winstedt|1925|p=125}} Sawisé taun 1970-an, kebangkitan Islam (uga diarani re-Islamisasi{{sfn|Burgat|2003|p=54}}) ing saindenging jagad Muslim, akèh tradhisi sing dianggep nglanggar ajaran Islam lan ngandhut unsur syirik ditinggalaké déning wong Melayu ing Malaysia, déné ing antarane wong Melayu ing Indhonésia, tradhisi kasebut ora dianggep takhayul lan ngandhut unsur syirik. Ing antarane tradhisi kasebut yaiku festival ''mandi'' safar (adus [[Safar]]), festival [[adus]] kanggo nggayuh kasucian spiritual, sing bisa dideleng fitur-fitur sing padha karo sawetara ing Durga Puja ing India.{{sfn|Bolton|Hutton|2000|p=184}} Akèh-akèhé saka ètnis Melayu modern sing penganut Islam [[Sunni]]<ref>{{cite web |title=The Malay of Malaysia |publisher=Bethany World Prayer Center |url=http://kcm.co.kr/bethany_eng/p_code3/1892.html |access-date=2 Juli 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121010191042/http://kcm.co.kr/bethany_eng/p_code3/1892.html |archive-date=10 Oktober 2012}}</ref> lan riyaya Melayu sing paling penting yaiku sing asalé saka Islam - ''[[Idul Fitri|Hari Raya Aidilfitri]]'', ''[[Idul Adha|Hari Raya Aidiladha]]'', ''[[Muharram|Awal Muharram]]'', lan ''[[Mulud (pahargyan)|Maulidur Rasul]]''. Wong Melayu sing metu saka Islam ing Malaysia lan Brunéi dianggep murtad. Nanging, ana sawetara etnis Melayu sing manggon ing njaba negara-negara kasebut uga wis nganut agama liya kanthi sah miturut hukum. === Arsitèktur === {{See also|Omah Melayu}} [[Gambar:Rumah kedah.gif|thumb|350px|Omah tradhisional Melayu ing [[Kedah]], dihias nganggo panel ukiran khas [[Jasirah Malaka|Semenanjung Melayu]] sisih lor.]] [[Omah Melayu]] nuduhake papan panggonan vernakular wong Melayu, sawijining klompok etno-linguistik sing manggon ing [[Sumatra]], pesisir [[Kalimantan]], lan [[Jasirah Malaka|Semenanjung Malaya]]. Wangun arsitèktur tradhisional, kaya ta atap sing cocog karo gaya tropis lan proporsi sing harmonis kanthi unsur dekoratif dianggep isih nduweni nilai budaya sing gedhe dening akeh wong ing wilayah kasebut. Nanging, bangunan-bangunan iki mbutuhake perawatan sing signifikan dibandhingake karo konstruksi modern; kayata tantangan kanggo njaga bahan utama, kayu, saka efek bosok cuaca tropis uga serangan [[rayap]]. Katrampilan konstruksi vernakular iki saya ilang amarga [[Malaysia]] nerusake proses industrialisasi, dene ing [[Indhonésia]] omah-omah tradhisional kaya ngono isih lestari ing wilayah pedesaan. Senajan transformasi urban ing [[Singapura]] wis ngilangi meh kabeh wilayah urban Melayu, sawetara omah sing nampilake arsitèktur vernakular iki isih lestari, utamane ana ing pulo lepas pantai Pulau Ubin.{{Citation needed|date=Dhésèmber 2022}} Upaya kanggo [[arsitèktur Indonésia|nglestarikake gaya arsitektur asli]] [[Pratélan pulo ing Indonésia|kepulauan Indonesia]] wis ditindakake liwat dokumentasi lan replika kreasi ing paviliun [[panagaraning Indhonésiyah|provinsi]] ing [[Taman Mini Indonésia Indah]], [[Jakarta]]. ===Basa=== [[Barkas:Prasasti Kedukan Bukit 3.jpg|thumb|[[Prasasti Kedukan Bukit]] ditulis nganggo [[aksara Pallawa]]. Wis ana wiwit taun 683, iki minangka salah sawijining artefak tulisan Melayu paling tuwa sing isih ana.]] {{Main|Basa Malayu}} {{See also|Aksara Gundhil}} [[Basa Malayu]] iku salah siji basa sing paling misuwur ing donya, mligine saka kulawarga basa Austronésia. Varian lan dialek [[basa Melayu]] digunakake minangka basa resmi ing [[Brunéi Darussalam]], [[Indhonésia]], [[Malaysia]], lan [[Singapura]]. Basa iki uga dicaturaké ing [[Thai]]land kidul, [[Kapuloan Cocos (Keeling)|Kapuloan Cocos]], [[Pulo Natal]], lan [[Sri Lanka]]. Basa iki dicaturaké déning kurang luwih 33 yuta wong ing sakubengé Kapuloan Melayu lan digunakaké minangka basa kapindho déning kurang luwih 220 yuta wong.{{sfn|Wright|2007|p=492}} Wangun basa Malayu paling tuwa asale saka basa Proto-Malayu-Polinésia sing dituturake dening para pemukim Austronésia paling awal ing [[Asia Kidul-wétan]]. Wangun iki banjur berkembang dadi basa Malayu Kuna nalika budaya lan agama India wiwit nembus wilayah kasebut. Basa Melayu Kuna ngandhut sawetara istilah sing isih ana nganti saiki, nanging tetep ora bisa dimangerteni dening penutur modern, dene basa modern wis umume bisa dikenali ing basa Melayu Klasik tulisan, sing bentuk paling tuwa wiwit taun 1303 Masehi.{{sfn|Teeuw|1959|p=149}} Basa Melayu berkembang dadi basa Malayu Klasik liwat mlebune akeh kosakata [[basa Arab|Arab]] lan [[basa Pèrsi|Pèrsi]] kanthi bertahap nalika Islam mlebu ing wilayah kasebut, lan sajrone proses kasebut ana owah-owahan sing signifikan. Wiwitane, basa Melayu Klasik minangka klompok dialek sing maneka warna, sing nggambarake asal-usul kerajaan-kerajaan Melayu ing Asia Kidul-wétan. Salah sawijining dialek iki, sing dikembangake ing tradhisi sastra Kesultanan Malaka ing abad kaping 15, pungkasane dadi dominan. Jaman Malaka ditandhani karo owah-owahan basa Melayu dadi basa Islam, kaya dene basa Arab, Persia, Urdu, lan Swahili. [[Aksara Arab]] sing diadaptasi sing diarani [[aksara Jawi|Jawi]] digunakake kanggo ngganti [[aksara Kawi]], terminologi agama lan budaya Islam diasimilasi kanthi akeh, mbuwang akeh tembung Hindu-Buddha, lan basa Malayu dadi basa pengantar lan panyebaran Islam ing saindenging wilayah [[Asia Kidul-wétan]]. Ing puncak kekuasaan Malaka ing abad kaping 15, basa Malayu Klasik nyebar ngluwihi jagad penutur basa Melayu tradhisional<ref name="Sneddon 2003 59">{{harvnb|Sneddon|2003|p=59}}</ref> lan ngasilake ''[[basantara|lingua franca]]'' sing diarani ''Bahasa Melayu pasar'' ("Bazaar Melayu") utawa ''Bahasa Melayu rendah'' ("Melayu Endhek"), beda karo ''Bahasa Melayu Tinggi'' ("Melayu Luhur") ing Malaka.{{sfn|Sneddon|2003|p=84}} Lumrahé, basa Melayu Bazaar iku basa pidgin lan perkembangan sing paling penting yaiku basa pidgin dikreolisasi, sing nggawé sawetara basa anyar kaya ta [[basa Malayu Ambon]], [[basa Malayu Manado|Malayu Manado]], lan [[basa Batawi]].{{sfn|Sneddon|2003|p=60}} Para panulis [[Éropa]] ing abad kaping 17 lan 18, kaya ta Tavernier, Thomassin lan Werndly nggambarake basa Malayu minangka "''basa para wong pinter ing kabeh Hindia, kaya [[basa Latin]] ing Eropa''".{{sfn|Sweeney|1987}} Iki uga sing paling akeh digunakake nalika jaman penjajahan Inggris lan Walanda ing Kepulauan Melayu.{{sfn|Van der Putten|Cody|2009|p=55}} Kosok baline katon ing Hindia Timur Spanyol, ing ngendi latinisasi massal ing kepulauan kasebut sajrone taun-taun kolonial nyebabake kudeta historis basa Malayu ing Filipina. Dialek Kesultanan Johor, penerus langsung Malaka, dadi basa standar ing antarane wong Melayu ing [[Singapura]] lan [[Malaysia]], lan iki dadi dhasar asli kanggo [[basa Indhonésia]] sing wis distandardisasi.<ref name="Sneddon 2003 59"/>{{sfn|Wong|1973|p=126}}{{sfn|Clyne|1992|p=413}}{{sfn|Brown|Ogilvie|2009|p=678}} Saliyané basa Malayu standar, sing dikembangaké ing lingkungan Malaka-Johor, ana uga manéka dialek Melayu lokal. Contone, wong [[basa Bangka|Bangka]], Brunéi, [[basa Melayu Jambi|Jambi]], [[basa Malayu Kelantan-Petani|Kelantan]], Kedah, Negeri Sembilan, [[basa Palémbang|Palémbang]], [[Basa Malayu Kelantan-Petani|Pattan]], Sarawak, [[Basa Malayu Trengganu|Terengganu]], lan liya-liyane. Basa Malayu sacara historis ditulis nganggo [[aksara Pallawa]], [[aksara Kawi|Kawi]], lan [[aksara Réncong|Réncong]]. Sawisé tekané Islam, [[aksara Jawi]] sing adhedhasar basa Arab diadopsi lan isih digunakaké nganti saiki minangka salah siji saka rong aksara resmi ing [[Brunéi Darussalam]] lan minangka aksara alternatif ing [[Malaysia]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Kedah MB defends use of Jawi on signboards |work=The Star |year=2008 |url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2008/8/26/nation/22168989&sec=nation |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121029105406/http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2008%2F8%2F26%2Fnation%2F22168989&sec=nation |archive-date=29 Oktober 2012 }}</ref> Wiwit abad kaping 17, minangka akibat saka penjajahan Inggris lan Walanda, aksara Jawi mboko sithik diganti karo aksara Rumi<ref>{{cite web |title=Malay (Bahasa Melayu / بهاس ملايو) |website=Omniglot |url=http://www.omniglot.com/writing/malay.htm |access-date=2 Juli 2026 |archive-date=26 Juni 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190626115200/http://www.omniglot.com/writing/malay.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> sing adhedhasar Latin sing pungkasane dadi aksara modern resmi kanggo [[basa Malayu]] ing [[Malaysia]], [[Singapura]], lan [[Indhonésia]], lan aksara resmi ing [[Brunéi Darussalam]]. === Musik === {{Main|Musik Melayu}} [[Musik Melayu]] iku sawijining [[genre musik]] [[lagu dhaèrah|tradhisional]] sing asale lan berkembang ing pesisir wétan [[Sumatra]], [[Kalimantan]], lan [[Jasirah Malaka|Semenanjung Malaya]].<ref>Sahputra, T. W. H., Martarosa, & Warhat, Z. (2019). ''[https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/408383-musik-jazz-melayu-dalam-kajian-kreativit-7b989836.pdf Musik jazz Melayu dalam kajian kreativitas]''. ''Melayu Arts and Performance Journal'', 2(2), 191–200. </ref> [[Musik]] iki biasane dinyanyekake dening wong-wong saka etnis Melayu lan asring diiringi tarian khas Melayu lokal, contone nawakake tarian ing acara utawa pesta tradhisional, nampani tamu kehormatan, lan ing kegiatan keagamaan.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Purba|first=Junaidi|last2=Putri|first2=Sabrina Maulidia|last3=Nelson|first3=Ricky|last4=Silaban|first4=Cahyani Yesika br|last5=Ridho|first5=Muhammad Habibur|last6=Andika|first6=Riki|last7=Sitorus|first7=Christina Harianti|last8=Sa|first8=Maulidha|last9=Dardanila|url=https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/TRANSFORMATION_OF_TRADITIONAL_ARTS_RESPO/mtaeEQAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=0|title=TRANSFORMATION OF TRADITIONAL ARTS: RESPONDING TO THE CHALLENGES OF THE TIMES|publisher=Mawadra Lestari Enterprise|isbn=978-629-95611-1-8|pages=62|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Asbullah|first=Habib|last2=Rizkia|first2=Ayu|last3=Batrisya|last4=Julianto|first4=Deldi|last5=Pangestu|first5=Dimas|last6=Rania|first6=Dinda Safira|last7=Miranti|first7=Dwi|last8=Afrillia|first8=Ega|last9=Irianto|first9=Ega Deni|url=https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Mengabadikan_Riau_Buku_I/WXsgEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=0|title=Mengabadikan Riau: Buku I: Antologi Esai Kebudayaan|publisher=Penerbit Pustaka Rumah C1nta|isbn=978-623-7961-67-3|pages=95|language=id|url-status=live}}</ref> Sing menarik saka [[genre musik]] iki yaiku komposisine sing kasusun saka lirik lagu sing ngemot puisi sing diadaptasi karo urip saben dina, katresnan (kaya Dondang Sayang) lan kebak piwulang (pesen moral), kebak swara utawa vokal cengkok khas [[Melayu]], lan aransemen musik sing disusun kanthi rapi. Bebarengan karo perkembangan jaman, musik Melayu uga ngalami owah-owahan gaya musik, contone, musik iki uga ngalami fusi karo [[musik pop]], [[musik rock|rock]], lan [[dangdut]]. Aliran iki bisa ditemokaké ing negara-negara sing ana gandhèngané karo Melayu, kaya ta [[Indhonésia]], [[Malaysia]], [[Singapura]], lan [[Brunéi Darussalam]]. Ing wiwitan perkembangane, instrumen musik sing digunakake didominasi dening aksi [[rebana]] sing diarani Kompang saka [[Kabupatèn Panaraga|Ponorogo]], petik gambus, gesekan [[piyul]], nabuh akordeon, swara [[gong]], lan tiupan [[serunai]]. Iki dipengaruhi dening [[budaya]] tanah Arab lan [[Éropa]] tradisional. Bebarengan karo perkembangan teknologi, kabeh iki wis diganti karo instrumen musik elektronik awujud keyboard. Nanging, ing kegiatan tartamtu, instrumen musik tradisional isih digunakake kanggo nglestarikake warisan budaya. Ing perkembangane, gerakan iki populer ing taun 80-an lan malah mlebu era "puncak kejayaan" ing taun 90-an. Iki ditandhani karo tambah akeh penyanyi lan [[marchingband|band]] Melayu, lan pendatang anyar sing muncul kanthi lagu-lagu andalan dhewe. === Seni pertunjukan === [[Barkas:Joget Gamelan 1937.jpg|thumb|Pagelaran Joget Gamelan, 1937]] Wong Melayu duwé maneka warna musik lan tari sing minangka gabungan saka macem-macem pengaruh budaya. Genre-genre sing khas wiwit saka tari rakyat Melayu tradhisional kaya ta Mak Yong nganti tari Zapin sing dipengaruhi Arab. Gerakan koreografi uga maneka warna, saka langkah lan melodi sing prasaja ing Dikir barat nganti gerakan sing rumit ing Joget Gamelan. Musik tradhisional Melayu umumé musik perkusi. Maneka warna [[gong]] nyedhiyakake irama kanggo akeh tarian. Ana uga [[drum]] kanthi maneka warna ukuran, wiwit saka ''rebana ubi'' gedhe sing digunakake kanggo nandhani acara penting nganti ''rebana cilik'' (kendhang pigura) sing digunakake minangka iringan kanggo pengajian vokal ing upacara keagamaan.{{sfn|Moore|1998|p=48}} [[Barkas:KITLV - 3676 - Lambert & Co., G.R. - Singapore - Mahjong dance and drama at Penang Island - circa 1903.tif|thumb|left|Sakumpulan penari Melayu Siam sing nampilake Mak Yong (kira-kira abad kaping 19). Ing taun 2005, iki diakoni minangka salah sawijining karya agung warisan lisan lan ora nyata manungsa dening [[UNESCO]].]] Musik nobat dadi bagéan saka Regalia Kraton Melayu wiwit tekané Islam ing abad kaping 12 lan mung ditampilaké ing upacara-upacara penting kraton. Orkestrane kalebu instrumen suci lan dihormati banget yaiku ''nehara'' ([[kendang]]), ''gendang'' (kendang sirah loro), ''nafiri'' (trompet), ''[[serunai]]'' (oboe), lan kadhangkala gong kenop lan sepasang simbal.{{sfn|Marshall Cavendish|2007|p=1220}} Pengaruh India kuwat banget ing drama bayangan tradisional sing dikenal minangka [[wayang kulit|Wayang Kulit]], ing ngendi crita-crita saka epik [[Hindhu]]; [[Ramayana]] & [[Mahabharata]] dadi repertoar utama. Ana papat jinis teater wayang sing khas sing bisa ditemokake ing Semenanjung Malaya; ''Wayang Gedek'', ''Wayang Purwa'', ''Wayang Melayu'' lan ''Wayang Siam''.{{sfn|Srinivasa|2003|p=296}}{{sfn|Ghulam Sarwar Yousof|1997|p=3}}{{sfn|Matusky|1993|pp=8–11}} Sanajan mangkono, seni lan crita ''Wayang Purwa'' lan ''Wayang Siam'' nuduhake pengaruh regional sing nyawiji karo wong Jawa lan Siam, dene ''Wayang Melayu'' lan ''Wayang Gedek'' nyritakake bentuk lan busana Melayu sing luwih asli. Seni pertunjukan Melayu liyane sing kondhang yaiku; Teater ''[[Bangsawan]]'', ''Dondang Sayang'' seneng balada lan tari ''Mak Inang'' saka Kasultanan Malaka, ''Jikey'' lan ''Mek Mulung'' saka [[Kedah]], tari ''Asyik'' lan drama tari ''Menora'' saka Patani lan [[Kelantan]], Tari ''Ulek mayang'' lan ''Rodat'' saka [[Trengganu]], Teater ''Boria'' saka [[pulo Pinang|Penang]], Tari ''Canggung'' saka Perlis, Lagu-lagu narasi ''Mukun'' saka [[Brunéi Darussalam]] lan [[Sarawak]],{{sfn|Marzuki bin Haji Mohd Seruddin|2009}}<ref name="Ahmad Salehuddin 2009">{{harvnb|Ahmad Salehuddin|2009}}</ref> lan [[Gending Sriwijaya]] saka [[Kutha Palémbang|Palémbang]], lan ''Serampang Dua Belas'' saka Serdang.<ref name="Ahmad Salehuddin 2009"/> Zapin Api firedance saka [[Riau]] lan Dikir barat Singapura saka [[Singapura]]. === Seni rupa === [[Barkas:Burung Petala Indera I.png|thumb|Burung Petala Indra, manuk mitos raksasa sing digawe kanggo parade [[tetak|sunat]] agung pangeran [[Kelantan]].]] Seni ukir kayu minangka bagéyan saka [[seni rupa|seni visual]] Melayu klasik. Wong Melayu sacara tradhisional nghias monumen, prau, senjata, makam, alat musik, lan piranti-piranti kuna kanthi motif flora, kaligrafi, geometri, lan fitur kosmik. Seni iki ditindakake kanthi mbusak sebagian kayu nganggo piranti sing landhep lan ngetutake pola, komposisi, lan urutan tartamtu. Bentuk seni iki, sing dikenal minangka ''ukir'', dianggep minangka tumindak pengabdian para pengrajin marang sing nitahake lan hadiah kanggo sesamane.{{sfn|Said|2005}} Bentuk seni iki utamane disebabake dening akehe kayu ing Kepulauan Melayu lan uga dening katrampilan para pengukir kayu sing ngidini wong Melayu praktik ngukir kayu minangka kerajinan. Latar tropis alami ing ngendi flora lan fauna akeh wis menehi inspirasi kanggo motif kanggo digambarake kanthi bentuk abstrak utawa bergaya ing papan kayu. Kanthi rawuhe Islam, bentuk geometris lan kaligrafi Islam dikenalake ing ukiran kayu. Kayu sing digunakake biasane saka spesies kayu atos tropis sing dikenal awet lan bisa tahan serangan jamur, kumbang sepatu bot listrik, lan rayap.{{sfn|Said|2002}} Omah-omah tradhisional Melayu utawa masjid biasane dihiasi nganggo luwih saka 20 ukiran. Ukiran ing tembok lan panel ngidini angin sirkulasi kanthi efektif mlebu lan metu saka bangunan lan bisa ngidini sinar srengenge madhangi njero struktur kasebut. Ing wektu sing padha, bayangan sing digawe dening panel uga bakal nggawe bayangan adhedhasar motif sing nambah kaendahan ing lantai. Dadi, komponen sing diukir nduweni fungsi fungsional lan estetika. === Klambi tradhisional === [[Barkas:Busana Melayu.jpg|thumb|Wong lanang Melayu ing ''busana Melayu'', gaya tradhisional busana Melayu]] Sandhangan lan tekstil tradhisional Melayu wis terus owah wiwit jaman kuna. Sacara historis, wong Melayu kuna dicathet nggabungake maneka warna bahan alami minangka sumber penting kanggo kain, sandhangan, lan sandhangan. Nanging ing jaman biyen, nalika para pedagang awal teka saka wetan lan kulon menyang pelabuhan Kepulauan Melayu, padha bebarengan tuku barang-barang mewah anyar, kalebu katun lan sutra sing apik. Sandhangan kasebut banjur dadi sumber mode Melayu sing dhuwur lan nduweni peran budaya minangka identitas sing ngiket ing Nusantara, utamane ing semenanjung, Sumatra lan wilayah pesisir Kalimantan.{{sfn|Hassan|2016}} Ing budaya Melayu, sandhangan lan tekstil dianggep minangka simbol kaendahan, kekuasaan, lan status. Akeh cathetan ing hikayat Melayu nandheske papan khusus sing dikuwasani tekstil.{{sfn|Maznah Mohammad|1996|p=2}} Industri tenun tangan Melayu bisa dilacak asal-usule wiwit abad kaping 13 nalika jalur perdagangan wétan berkembang ing jaman Dinasti Song. Sebutan babagan tekstil gawean lokal uga dominasi tenunan ing [[Jasirah Malaka]] digawe ing macem-macem cathetan Tiongkok lan Arab.{{sfn|Maznah Mohammad|1996|p=19}} Antarane tekstil Melayu sing kondhang yaiku [[Songkèt]], [[Bathik]], ''Telepok'', ''Limar'', ''Tenun'', ''Kelingkam'', ''Cindai'', ''Pelangi'' lan ''Tekad''. Klambi Melayu klasik maneka warna ing saben wilayah, nanging klambi tradisional sing paling jero ing jaman saiki yaiku Baju Kurung (kanggo wanita) lan Baju Melayu (kanggo pria), sing loro-lorone diakoni minangka klambi nasional kanggo [[Malaysia]] lan [[Brunéi Darussalam]], lan uga dienggo dening komunitas Melayu ing [[Indhonésia]], [[Singapura]], [[Filipina]], [[Myanmar]] lan [[Thai]]land. [[Barkas:HariRayaMalaykids.jpg|thumb|left|Bocah-bocah Melayu nganggo klambi adat nalika [[Idul Fitri]]]] Tembung ''Baju Kurung'', sing sacara sastra ditegesi minangka "mbunteli awak" sing nganggo, dirancang adhedhasar prinsip-prinsip Islam babagan kesopanan, wicaksana, lan andhap asor. Praktek iki padha karo doktrin agama Yahudi-Kristen, amarga memamerkan bagian awak sing intim dianggep dilarang ing Islam. Interpretasi kasebut banjur diserap menyang cara berpakaian lan perspektif budaya Melayu, iki bisa dideleng kanthi cetha nalika pamrentahan Mansur Shah saka Malaka ing abad kaping 15, sultan nglarang rakyat Muslim wanita ing ngarep umum supaya ora mung nganggo sarung saka dhadha mudhun. Sajrone jaman biyen, Baju Kurung Melayu ngalami sawetara reinkarnasi sadurunge njupuk wujud kaya saiki. Amarga jembare maneka warna karajan Melayu ing Nuswantara, pola desain Baju Kurung uga bisa dideleng ing wilayah kasebut, kalebu [[Bengkulu]], [[Kedah]], [[Jambi]], Johor-Riau, Pahang lan [[Kutha Palémbang|Palémbang]].{{sfn|Hassan|2016}} Mode Baju Kurung sing cocog kanggo wong lanang diarani "Baju Melayu". Bagean ndhuwur sandhangan digawe kanthi desain geometris sing meh padha karo Baju Kurung lan umume dipasangake karo kain tenun sing dikenal minangka sarung. Pola sarung bisa uga kalebu simbol status perkawinan wong kasebut utawa pangkate ing masyarakat Melayu tradhisional.{{sfn|Hassan|2016}} Sandhangan Melayu klasik umum liyané kanggo wong lanang kalebu ''baju'' (klambi) utawa ''tekua'' (jinis klambi lengen dawa), ''baju rompi'' (rompi), ''kancing'', ''celana'' pendek (celana sikil cilik), [[sarung]] sing dienggo ing pinggul, ''capal'' (sandal), lan ''tanjak'' utawa ''tengkolok'' (tutup sirah); kanggo para bangsawan, ''baju sikap'' utawa ''baju layang'' (jinis jas) lan ''pending'' (gesper sabuk hias) uga sinonim kanggo dienggo minangka sandhangan resmi. Uga lumrah yen ''Pendekar'' (prajurit Melayu) nduweni [[keris]] sing diselipake ing lipatan ngarep sarung. Beda karo Baju Melayu sing isih dienggo mung minangka klambi upacara, Baju Kurung dienggo saben dina sajrone setaun dening mayoritas wanita Melayu. Katon pegawai negeri sipil wanita, pekerja profesional, lan mahasiswa nganggo Baju Kurung iku lumrah ing [[Malaysia]] lan [[Brunéi Darussalam]]. ==Sub-ètnis== {{Uga deleng|Wong Melayu Malaysia|Wong Melayu Indhonésia}} ==Deleng uga== * [[Donya Melayu]] * [[Omah Melayu]] ==Cathetan suku== {{Reflist}} ==Pranala njaba== {{stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Melayu}} [[Kategori:Melayu|*]] [[Kategori:Suku bangsa ing Malaysia]] [[Kategori:Suku bangsa ing Indonesia]] [[Kategori:Golongan ètnik ing Indonésia]] [[Kategori:Golongan ètnik ing Malaysia]] {{Featured article}} {{Authority control}} nzvboamf4knudm6hk3ru1it2t2h87d8 1755900 1755892 2026-08-31T22:42:46Z ~2026-38892-59 73578 /* Sandhangan tradhisional */ 1755900 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group | group = <br/>Wong Melayu<br/>''Orang Melayu''<br/>أورڠ ملايو | image = [[Gambar:Siti Nurhaliza - KLIFF 08.jpg|57px|Siti Nurhaliza]] [[Gambar:Mahathir 2007.jpg|57px|Mahathir Mohammad]] [[Gambar:Muszaphar shukor.jpg|57px|Sheikh Muszaphar Shukor]]<br/>[[Gambar:Amir Hamzah portrait edit.jpg|51px|Amir Hamzah]] [[Gambar:Raja Ali Haji.jpg|57px|Raja Ali Haji]] [[Gambar:Hamzah Haz.jpg|57px|Hamzah Haz]]<br/>[[Gambar:Siti Nordiana interviewed by MeleTOP.jpg|70px|Siti Nordiana]] | caption = Sakarepe: [[Siti Nurhaliza]] • [[Mahathir Mohammad]] • [[Sheikh Muszaphar Shukor]]<br/> Kaloro: [[Amir Hamzah]] • [[Raja Ali Haji]] • [[Hamzah Haz]]<br/> Katelu: [[Siti Nordiana]] | poptime = {{circa}} '''40.000.000 jiwane''' <!-- sum of numbers from each region below --> | region1 = <span style="font-size:105%;">'''Pedunung mayoritas'''</span> | region6 = '''{{flagicon|Malaysia}} [[Malaysia]]''' | pop6 = 20.749.378 <small>(2010 prakiraan)</small> | ref6 = {{lower|<ref>{{harvnb|Economic Planning Unit (Malaysia)|2010}}</ref>}} | region7 = '''{{flagicon|Brunei}} [[Brunéi Darussalam]]''' | pop7 = 501.902 <small>(2010 prakiraan)</small> | ref7 = {{lower|<ref name="CIA (B)>"{{harvnb|CIA World Factbook|t=Brunei|2012}}</ref>}} | region8 = <span style="font-size:105%;">'''Pedunung minoritas'''</span> | pop8 = | ref8 = | region9 = '''{{flagicon|Indonesia}} [[Indonésia]]''' | pop9 = 8.789.585 <small>(2010 prakiraan)</small> | ref9 = {{lower|<ref>{{harvnb|Badan Pusat Statistika Indonesia|2010}}</ref><ref>Figure obtained based on the percentage of Malays in 2000 census and the total Indonesian population in 2010 census</ref>}} | region10 = '''{{flagicon|Thailand}} [[Thailand]]''' | pop10 = 5.354.475 <small>(2010 prakiraan)</small> | ref10 = {{lower|<ref>{{harvnb|CIA World Factbook|t=Thailand|2012}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples|2005}}</ref>}} | region11 = '''{{flagicon|Singapura}} [[Singapura]]''' | pop11 = 1.003.449 <small>(2010 prakiraan)</small> | ref11 = {{lower|<ref>{{harvnb|CIA World Factbook|t=Singapore|2012}}</ref>}} | region12 = '''{{flagicon|Philippines}} [[Pilipina]]''' | pop12 = 2.000.000 | ref12 = | region13 = '''{{flagicon|Liga Arab}} [[Nagara-nagara Arab]]''' | pop13 = ~50.000 | ref13 = <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.utusan.com.my/rencana/agama/jejak-melayu-di-bumi-anbiya-1.437075|title=Jejak Melayu di bumi anbiya|work=Utusan Online |access-date=2 Juli 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180915002357/http://www.utusan.com.my/rencana/agama/jejak-melayu-di-bumi-anbiya-1.437075|archive-date=15 Sèptèmber 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ww1.kosmo.com.my/kosmo/content.asp?y=2017&dt=0126&pub=Kosmo&sec=Rencana_Utama&pg=ru_02.htm|title=Jabal Ajyad perkampungan komuniti Melayu di Mekah|work=Kosmo Online |access-date=2 Juli 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180915001838/http://ww1.kosmo.com.my/kosmo/content.asp?y=2017&dt=0126&pub=Kosmo&sec=Rencana_Utama&pg=ru_02.htm|archive-date=15 Sèptèmber 2018}}</ref> | languages = [[Basa Malayu]], [[Basa Indhonésia]], [[Basa Thai]], [[Basa Arab]], [[Basa Inggris]], lan [[Basa Tamil]] | religions = [[Islam]] | related = [[Wong Acèh|Acèh]], [[Wong Banjar|Banjar]], [[Wong Minangkêbo|Minang]], [[Wong Kerinci|Kerinci]], [[Wong Tidung|Tidung]], [[Wong Laut|Laut]], [[Wong Betawi|Betawi]] }} [[Gambar:Malay couple.jpg|thumb|300px|Pasangan Melayu nganggo sandhangan tradhisional sawisé upacara ''akad nikah''. Penganten kakung nganggo ''baju melayu'' nganggo ''songkok'' lan ''[[songkèt]]'', dene penganten putri nganggo ''baju kurung'' nganggo ''tudong''.]] [[Gambar:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Kleurenlitho getiteld Jong gehuwde Maleische vrouw TMnr 5795-34.jpg|thumb|300px|Wadon Melayu ing Kutai diidentifikasi kanthi bentuk bun sing khas (litografi dening C. F. Kelley adhedhasar gambar dening Carl Book, [[1887]])]] '''Wong Melayu''' ({{lang-ms|'''Melayu'''}}; [[Aksara Jawi|Jawi]]: ملايو) minangka klompok suku bangsa [[Austronésia]] utamané ing Semenanjung Malaya, ing saindenging [[Sumatra]], kidul [[Thailand]], pesisir kidul [[Burma]], pulo [[Singapura]], [[Borneo]] pesisir kalebu [[Brunei]], [[Kalimantan Kulon]], [[Kalimantan Wétan]] lan [[Sarawak]] lan [[Sabah]] pesisir, [[Pilipina]] sisih kulon lan sisih kidul, lan pulo-pulo cilik sing ana ing antarané lokasi kasebut — sacara koléktif dikenal minangka "Dunia Melayu". Lokasi iki saiki dadi bagéan saka negara-negara modern [[Malaysia]], [[Indhonésia]], [[Singapura]], [[Brunei]], [[Burma]], [[Thailand]], lan [[Filipina]]. Malah, akéh komunitas [[Minangkabau]], [[Mandailing]], lan [[Dayak]] sing pindhah menyang pesisir wétan [[Sumatra]] lan pesisir kulon [[Kalimantan]], ngaku wong Melayu. Saliyané ing Nusantara, wong Melayu uga ang ing [[Sri Lanka]], [[Kapuloan Cocos (Keeling)]] ''(Cocos Malays)'', lan [[Afrika Kidul]] ''(Cape Malays)''. Ana maneka warna basa, budaya, seni, lan sosial sing cukup akeh ing antarane akeh subkelompok Melayu, utamane amarga atusan taun imigrasi lan asimilasi macem-macem etnis lan suku regional ing Asia Tenggara Maritim. Sacara historis, populasi Melayu utamane keturunan saka suku [[kulawarga basa Austronésia|Austronésia]] lan [[kulawarga basa Austroasiatika|Austroasia]] sing nganggo [[basa Malayu]] sadurunge sing ngedegake sawetara negara lan kerajaan dagang maritim kuna, utamane [[Brunéi Darussalam|Brunéi]], [[Kedah]], Langkasuka, Gangga Negara, Chi Tu, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Pahang, [[Kerajaan Melayu|Melayu]], lan [[Praja Sriwijaya|Sriwijaya]].{{sfn|Milner|2010|pp=24, 33}}{{sfn|Barnard|2004|pp=7 & 60}} Tekane Kesultanan Malaka ing abad kaping 15 micu revolusi gedhe ing sejarah Melayu, sing penting banget dumunung ing warisan politik lan budaya sing jembar. Tandha-tandha definitif umum saka kemelayuan — agama Islam, basa lan tradhisi Melayu — dianggep wis diproklamasikake ing jaman iki, sing ndadékaké etnogenesis wong Melayu minangka klompok etnoreligius utama ing wilayah kasebut. Ing sastra, arsitektur, tradhisi kuliner, sandhangan tradisional, seni pertunjukan, seni bela diri, lan tradhisi kraton, Malaka netepake standar sing ditiru dening kesultanan Melayu sabanjure. Jaman keemasan kesultanan Melayu ing Semenanjung Malaya, Sumatra Wétan, lan Pesisir Kalimantan nyumurupi akèh pedunungé, mliginé saka manéka warna komunitas suku kaya ta [[Wong Batak|Batak]], [[Dayak]], Wong Asli, lan [[Wong Laut]], sing tundhuk marang Islamisasi lan Invasi Melayu. Sajrone sejarah, istilah "Melayu" wis ditambahi menyang klompok etnis liyane ing "[[Donya Melayu]]"; panggunaan iki saiki umume diwatesi ing Malaysia lan Singapura, ing ngendi keturunan liyane saka klompok etnis iki diarani Anak Dagang ("pedagang") lan umume asale saka [[Indhonésia]] kayata [[wong Acèh]], [[Wong Banjar|Banjar]], [[Wong Bugis|Bugis]], [[Wong Mandailing|Mandailing]], [[Wong Minangkêbo|Minangkêbo]] lan [[Wong Jawa|Jawa]]. == Etimologi == [[Barkas:Candi Muaro Jambi dengan langit biru.jpg|thumb|[[Kompleks Candhi Muaro Jambi]] ing [[Jambi]], sacara historis ana hubungane karo [[Kerajaan Melayu]] pra-Islam. Wong Melayu-Sriwijaya dikenal mbangun sistem bangunan sing rumit ing ibukutha, kutha-kutha gedhe, lan pusat kutha sing penting.]] [[Barkas:Bukit Seguntang Tombs.jpg|thumb|Bukit Seguntang ing [[Kutha Palémbang|Palémbang]]. Miturut ''[[Sejarah Melayu]]'', bukit iki nyathet munculé Sang Sapurba, leluhur legendaris kanggo macem-macem kulawarga kerajaan Melayu ing [[Sumatra]], [[Jasirah Malaka|Semenanjung Malaya]], lan [[Kalimantan]].]] Literatur epik ''[[Sulalatus Salatin|Sajarah Melayu]]'' nggandhengake asal-usul etimologis "Melayu" karo kali cilik sing jenenge Sungai Melayu ('kali Melayu') ing [[Sumatra]], [[Indhonésia]]. Epik kasebut salah nyebutake yen kali kasebut mili menyang [[Kali Musi]] ing [[Kutha Palémbang|Palémbang]], dene sejatine mili menyang Kali Batang Hari ing [[Jambi]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Reid |first=Anthony |date=Oktober 2001 |title=Understanding Melayu (Malay) as a Source of Diverse Modern Identities |journal=Journal of Southeast Asian Studies |volume=32 |issue=3 |pages=295–313|doi=10.1017/S0022463401000157 |pmid=19192500 }}</ref>{{rp|298}} Istilah iki dianggep asale saka tembung Melayu ''melaju'', gabungan saka awalan verbal 'me' lan tembung oyot 'laju', sing tegese "nyepetake", digunakake kanggo njlentrehake arus kali sing deres lan cepet.{{sfn|Melebek|Moain|2006|pp=9–10}} === Minangka jeneng panggonan (toponim) === Sadurungé abad kaping 15, istilah "Melayu" lan varian sing mèmper katon ditrapaké minangka toponim lawas kanggo wilayah [[Selat Malaka]] sacara umum.{{sfn|Barnard|2004|p=3}} * '''''Malaya Dwipa''''', "Malaya Dvipa", diterangake ing bab 48, Vayu Purana minangka salah sawijining provinsi ing segara wétan sing kebak emas lan perak. Sawetara sarjana nyamakake istilah iki karo [[Sumatra]],{{sfn|Deka|2007|p=57}} nanging sawetara sarjana India percaya yen istilah kasebut kudune nuduhake Semenanjung Melayu sing pagunungan, dene Sumatra luwih tepat digandhengake karo Suvarnadvipa.{{sfn|Pande|2006|p=266}}{{sfn|Gopal|2000|p=139}}{{sfn|Ahir|1995|p=612}}{{sfn|Mukerjee|1984|p=212}}{{sfn|Sarkar|1970|p=8}} * '''''Maleu-kolon''''' – lokasi ing Semenanjung Emas, saka karya [[Claudius Ptolemaeus|Ptolemy]], Geographia.{{sfn|Gerini|1974|p=101}} * '''''Mo-lo-yu''''' – kasebut déning Yijing, sawijining biksu Buddha Tionghoa saka [[Wangsa Tang|Dinasti Tang]] sing ngunjungi Asia Tenggara ing taun 688–695. Miturut Yijing, karajan ''Mo-Lo-Yu'' dumunung ing jarak 15 dina lelayaran saka Bogha (Palembang), ibukutha Sribhoga ([[Praja Sriwijaya|Sriwijaya]]). Butuh layar 15 dina kanggo tekan Ka-Cha ([[Kedah]]) saka Mo-lo-yu; mula, bisa diarani yen Mo-Lo-Yu bakal dumunung ing tengah-tengah antarane rong panggonan kasebut.{{sfn|I Ching|2005|p=xl–xli}} Ana téori populer sing nggandhèngaké ''Mo-Lo-Yu'' karo [[Kompleks Candhi Muaro Jambi|Jambi]] ing Sumatra,{{sfn|Melayu Online|2005}} nanging lokasi geografis Jambi kontradiksi karo katrangané Yi Jing babagan "layar setengah dalan antara ''Ka-Cha'' (Kedah) lan ''Bogha'' (Palembang)". Ing jaman [[Wangsa Yuan|Dinasti Yuan]] (1271–1368) lan [[Wangsa Ming|Dinasti Ming]] (1368–1644), tembung ''Ma-La-Yu'' kerep disebut ing teks-teks sejarah Tiongkok – kanthi owah-owahan ejaan amarga rentang wektu antarane dinasti – kanggo nyebutake sawijining bangsa ing cedhak segara kidul. Antarane istilah-istilah sing digunakake yaiku "Bôk-lá-yù", "Mók-là-yū" (木剌由), Má-lì-yù-er (麻里予兒), Oō-laì-yu (巫来由) — dilacak saka sumber tinulis saka bhikkhu [[Xuanzang]]) lan Wú-laī-yû (無来由). * '''''Malaiyur''''' – kasebut ing prasasti Tanjore. Iki digambarake minangka kerajaan sing nduweni "gunung sing kuwat minangka benteng" sing tiba menyang penjajah Chola nalika kampanye Rajendra Chola I ing abad kaping 11. Bisa uga ana ing Sumatra, antarane Pannai lan Sriwijaya ([[Kutha Palémbang|Palémbang]]),<ref>{{Cite book |title=Nagapattinam to suvarnadwipa: Reflections on the chola naval expeditions to Southeast Asia |publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian Studies |year=2009 |editor-last1=Kulke |editor-first1=Hermann |location=Singapore |editor-last2=Kesavapany |editor-first2=K. |editor-last3=Sakhuja |editor-first3=Vijay}}</ref>{{rp|77–78, 170}} bisa uga ana ing situs arkeologi [[Kabupatèn Muaro Jambi|Muaro Jambi]].<ref name=":6">{{Cite book|last=Miksic|first=John M.|year=2013|title=Singapore and the Silk Road of the Sea, 1300–1800|publisher=NUS Press|isbn=978-9971-69-558-3|author1-link=John N. Miksic}}</ref>{{rp|405}} * '''''Malai''''' – sing kasebut déning ahli géografi Arab abad kaping 12 [[Al-Idrisi|Muhammad al-Idrisi]] ing Tabula Rogeriana, pulo iki njlèntrèhaké semenanjung Malaya minangka pulo sing dawa lan nyebut Malai, wewatesan karo Qmer (Khmer) lan dunungé 12 dina layar saka Sanf (Champa).<ref>[https://www.sg/sgbicentennial/the-bicentennial-experience/map/al-idrisis-a-guide-to-pleasant-journeys-into-faraway-lands/ al-Idrisi's A guide to Pleasant Journeys into Faraway Lands]. Singapore Bicentennial Office. November 2019.</ref><ref>Gerini, G. E., & Royal Geographical Society (Great Britain). (1909). [https://books.google.com.my/books?id=FKYcAAAAMAAJ&vq=malai&pg=PA535#v=onepage&q=malai&f=false Researches on Ptolemy's Geography of Eastern Asia (further India and Indo-Malay Archipelago) (Asiatic Society monographs)]. Royal Asiatic society, Royal geographical society. p. 535.</ref> * '''''Bhūmi Mālayu''''' – (secara harfiah "Tanah Malayu"), transkripsi saka [[Prasasti Padang Roco]] taun 1286 M dening Slamet Muljana.{{sfn|Muljana|1981|p=223}} Istilah iki ana gandheng cenenge karo kerajaan Dharmasraya. * '''''Ma-li-yu-er''''' – kasebut ing babad [[Wangsa Yuan]], nuduhake sawijining bangsa ing Semenanjung Melayu sing ngadhepi ekspansi Kerajaan Sukhothai menyang kidul, nalika jaman pamrentahan Ram Khamhaeng.<ref>{{cite web |title=Chronicle of Mongol Yuan |website=guoxue.com |language=zh |url=http://www.guoxue.com/shibu/24shi/yuanshi/yuas_210.htm |access-date=5 Fèbruari 2026 |archive-date=27 Agustus 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100827214255/http://www.guoxue.com/shibu/24shi/yuanshi/yuas_210.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> Kronik kasebut nyatakake: "''..Ana rasa sengit antarane Siam lan Ma-li-yu-er nganti loro-lorone padha mateni siji lan sijine ...''". Kanggo nanggepi tumindake Sukhothai, utusan Tiongkok menyang kraton Ram Khamhaeng ing taun 1295 nggawa dekrit kekaisaran: "Tetepna janjimu lan aja nindakake piala marang Ma-li-yu-er".{{sfn|Hall|1981|p=190}} * '''''Malauir''''' – kasebut ing cathetan [[Marco Polo]] minangka kerajaan sing dumunung ing Semenanjung Melayu,{{sfn|Cordier|2009|p=105}}{{sfn|Wright|2004|pp=364–365}} bisa uga padha karo sing kasebut ing kronik Yuan. * '''''Malayapura''''' – (sacara harfiah "kutha Malaya" utawa "bètèng Malaya"), sing ditulis ing [[prasasti Amoghapasa]] sing ditulis taun 1347 Masehi. Istilah iki digunakake dening [[Adityawarman]] kanggo nyebut Dharmasraya. Saran liyané kalebu tembung [[basa Jawa|Jawa]] ''mlayu'' (minangka kriya: mlayu, partisip: buronan), utawa istilah Melayu ''melaju'' (nyepetake kanthi ajeg), sing nuduhake mobilitas dhuwur lan sifat migrasi wong-wongé. De Barros (1552) nyebutake yen [[Paraméswara|Iskandar Shah]] menehi jeneng ''Malaios'' (wong Melayu) kaya ngono amarga bapakne diusir saka negarane. Albuquerque nerangake yen [[Paraméswara|Parameswara]] mlayu (''malayo'') saka kerajaan Palembang menyang Malaka.{{sfn|Crawfurd|1856|p=[https://archive.org/details/adescriptivedic00crawgoog/page/n254/mode/2up 244]}} === Minangka jeneng ètnis (etnonim) === {{multiple image | align = right | total_width = 420 | image1 = Malays from the Malacca Sultanate Codice Casanatense.jpg | alt1 = Wong Melayu ing Malaka | caption1 = Cat banyu Portugis wong Malaya ing Malaka, kira-kira taun 1540, ditampilake ing Códice Casanatense | image2 = A Malay couple RBSeite93.jpg | alt2 = Pasangan Melayu | caption2 = Ilustrasi pasangan Melayu, saka ''Reise nach Batavia'', antarane taun 1669 lan 1682 | image3 = JogetUNISEL.jpg | alt3 = Tari Joget | caption3 = Tari Joget saka Kesultanan Malaka; akeh aspek budaya Melayu sing asale saka kraton Malaka }} Tembung "Melayu" minangka etnonim, kanggo ngrujuk marang kluster etnologis sing béda banget, dianggep wis dadi populer sajrone integrasi Kesultanan Malaka minangka kakuwatan regional ing abad kaping 15. Iki digunakake kanggo nglaporake babagan keberpihakan sosial wong Malaka tinimbang wong manca ing wilayah sing padha, utamane [[wong Jawa]] lan [[Thai]].{{sfn|Barnard|2004|p=4}} Iki dibuktèkaké saka dhaptar tembung Melayu awal abad kaping 16 déning Antonio Pigafetta sing gabung karo pelayaran Magellan, sing ngrujuk babagan kepriyé frasa ''chiara Malaiu'' ('cara Melayu') digunakaké ing maritim [[Asia Kidul-wétan]], kanggo nyebut ''al parlare de Malaea'' ([[basa Italia]] kanggo "ngomong babagan Malaka").{{sfn|Milner|2010|pp=22}} Sastra Melayu klasik nggambarake wong Melayu kanthi makna sing luwih sempit tinimbang interpretasi modern. ''Hikayat Hang Tuah'' (kira-kira taun 1700, manuskrip kira-kira taun 1849) mung nyebutake wong Melayu minangka subjek Kesultanan Malaka; [[Brunéi Darussalam|Brunéi]], nalika semana, ora dianggep minangka wong Melayu. ''Hikayat Patani'' (manuskrip: 1876) contoné, ora nyebut Patani lan Brunéi minangka [[basa Malayu]], istilah kuwi mung digunakaké kanggo [[Johor]]. Kedah boten kalebet basa Melayu ing babad Kedah/Hikayat Merong Mahawangsa (kira-kira 1821). ''Hikayat Aceh'' (kira-kira taun 1625, manuskrip kira-kira taun 1675) nggandhengake etnis Melayu karo Johor, nanging mesthi ora karo Aceh utawa Deli.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Milner |first=Anthony |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sACaolB0FpkC&q=liberally |title=The Malays |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |year=2011 |isbn=978-1-4443-9166-4 |pages=91–92 |access-date=5 Fèbruari 2026|archive-date=31 Maret 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331160702/https://books.google.com/books?id=sACaolB0FpkC&q=liberally |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>For the dating of the manuscripts, see [https://mcp.anu.edu.au/Q/texts.html Malay Concordance Project]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809133732/https://mcp.anu.edu.au/Q/texts.html|date=9 Agustus 2022}}.</ref> == Asal-usul == [[Barkas:Baju Melayu.jpg|thumb|Sekelompok wong lanang saka [[Brunéi Darussalam]] nganggo sandhangan jinis ''Cekak Musang'', dienggo bareng karo [[songkèt]] (kiwa paling adoh) lan ''[[sarung|kain sarung]]''.]] === Modhél Proto-Melayu === Uga dikenal minangka ''Melayu asli'' (wong Melayu asli) utawa ''Melayu purba'' (wong Melayu kuna), wong Proto-Melayu asale saka Austronésia lan dipercaya wis migrasi menyang Kapuloan Melayu sajrone serangkaian migrasi dawa antarane 2500 lan 1500 SM.{{sfn|Ryan|1976|pp=4–5}} Proto-Melayu sing misuwur saiki yaiku Moken, Jakun, Orang Kuala, Temuan lan Orang Kanaq.<ref>{{cite web |title=Orang Asli Population Statistics |publisher=Center for Orang Asli Concerns |url= http://www.coac.org.my/codenavia/portals/coacv2/code/main/main_art.php?parentID=11374494101180&artID=11432750280711 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110722233738/http://www.coac.org.my/codenavia/portals/coacv2/code/main/main_art.php?parentID=11374494101180&artID=11432750280711 |archive-date=22 Juli 2011}}</ref> ''The Encyclopedia of Malaysia: Early History'' ({{lang|id|Ensiklopedia Malaysia: Sejarah Awal}}), wis nudingake total telung teori babagan asal-usul wong Melayu: * Teori Yunnan (diterbitake ing taun 1889) – Teori Proto-Melayu sing asale saka Yunnan kira-kira 4.000 nganti 6.000 taun kepungkur. Téori iki didhukung déning R.H Geldern lan timé sing nduwé téori yèn migrasi wong-wong mau kedadeyan saka Kali Mekong menyang [[Jasirah Malaka|Semenanjung Malaya]]. Bukti liyané sing ndhukung téori iki kalebu piranti watu sing ditemokaké ing Kepulauan Melayu sing analog karo piranti Asia Tengah, sing nuduhaké kamiripan adat istiadat Melayu lan Assam.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=Parthipan |first1=Shalini |last2=Mirianti Ishar |first2=Seri |date=2022 |title=Perspective on Ancestral Lineages and Genetic Markers of Malay Population in Peninsular Malaysia |url=http://journalarticle.ukm.my/19571/1/49021-177065-2-PB.pdf |journal=Journal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia |volume=20 |issue=1 |page=86 |via=Journalarticle.ukm.my |access-date=24 Maret 2026 |archive-date=16 Oktober 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221016080144/http://journalarticle.ukm.my/19571/1/49021-177065-2-PB.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> * Teori New Guinea/Pelaut (diterbitake ing taun 1965) – Migrasi pelaut kanthi katrampilan oseanografi sing kuwat sing lelungan saka pulo siji menyang pulo liyane antarane [[Niu Sélan]] lan [[Madhagaskar]]. Teori kasebut ngaku yen morfologi wong Melayu nalika semana padha karo Negroid.<ref name=":0" /> * Teori [[Républik Cina|Taiwan]] (diterbitake ing taun 1997) – Migrasi sekelompok wong saka Tiongkok Kidul kedadeyan 6.000 taun kepungkur, sawetara pindhah menyang [[Taiwan]] ([[wong pribumi Taiwan|pribumi Taiwan]] saiki minangka keturunane), banjur menyang [[Filipina]] lan mengko menyang [[Kalimantan]] (kurang luwih 4.500 taun kepungkur) ([[Dayak]] saiki lan kelompok liyane). Wong-wong kuna iki uga pisah, ana sing menyang [[Sulawesi]] lan ana sing menyang [[Jawa]], lan [[Sumatra]], sing saiki kabeh nganggo basa-basa sing kalebu kulawarga Basa Austronesia. Migrasi pungkasan kedadeyan ing Semenanjung Malaya kira-kira 3.000 taun kepungkur. Sawijining sub-kelompok saka Kalimantan pindhah menyang Champa ing jaman saiki sing diarani Vietnam Tengah lan Kidul kira-kira 4.500 taun kepungkur. Ana uga jejak migrasi Dong Son lan Hoabinhian saka [[Viètnam]] lan [[Kamboja]]. Kabeh klompok iki nduweni DNA lan asal-usul linguistik sing bisa ditelusuri saka pulo sing saiki diarani Taiwan, lan leluhure wong-wong kuna iki bisa ditelusuri saka Tiongkok kidul.{{sfn|Barnard|2004}} ==== Deutero-Melayu ==== [[Barkas:Women from Palembang in Ikat weave, Wanita di Indonesia p29 (Ministry of Information).jpg|thumb|Wanita saka [[Kutha Palémbang|Palémbang]] nganggo busana tradhisional, sing diarani Baju Kurung sing digawe saka [[Songkèt]]. Klambi iki umume digandhengake karo wanita keturunan Melayu.]] Wong Deutero-Melayu iku wong [[jaman wesi|Jaman Wesi]] sing sebagian turunan saka wong Austronésia sabanjure sing dilengkapi teknik pertanian sing luwih maju lan kawruh anyar babagan logam.{{sfn|Murdock|1969|p=278}}{{sfn|Ooi|2004|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=QKgraWbb7yoC&pg=PA495 495]}}{{sfn|Anderbeck|2002}} Para pemukim Deutero-Melayu ora nomaden kaya para leluhure: nanging dheweke manggon lan ngadegake kampung-kampung sing dadi unit utama ing masyarakat. Kampung-kampung iki biasane dumunung ing pinggir kali utawa pesisir lan umume bisa nyukupi pangan lan kabutuhan liyane. Ing pungkasan abad kaping 1 SM, kampung-kampung iki wiwit nindakake perdagangan karo jagad njaba.{{sfn|Jamil Abu Bakar|2002|p=39}} Wong Deutero-Melayu dianggep minangka leluhur langsung saka wong Melayu saiki.{{sfn|TED|1999}} ==== Ekspansi saka modhél Sundaland ==== Téori sing luwih anyar nyatakaké yèn tinimbang dipanggoni déning ekspansi saka daratan, populasi Jaman És ing Semenanjung Malaya, Kapuloan Indhonésia sing cedhak, lan landas kontinèntal sing nalika iku katon (Sundaland) malah berkembang sacara lokal saka pemukim manungsa pisanan lan ngembang menyang daratan. Para pendukung téori iki percaya yèn ekspansi iki mènèhi panjelasan sing luwih irit babagan bukti linguistik, arkeologi, lan antropologis tinimbang modhèl sadurungé, mliginé model Taiwan.{{sfn|Oppenheimer|2006}} Téori iki uga nduwèni dhukungan saka bukti genetik anyar saka Human Genome Organisation sing nuduhaké yèn pedunung utama Asia kedadeyan ing siji migrasi liwat [[Asia Kidul-wétan]]; rute iki dianggep minangka wilayah Melayu modern lan keragaman ing wilayah kasebut berkembang utamane ing panggonan kasebut tanpa mbutuhake migrasi utama saka daratan. Ekspansi kasebut dhewe bisa uga disebabake dening kenaikan permukaan laut ing pungkasan Jaman Es.{{sfn|Abdulla et al.|2009}}{{sfn|Soares, et al.|2008}} Stephen Oppenheimer, pendukung paham iki, luwih lanjut ngajokake teori yen ekspansi bangsa kedadeyan kanthi telung gelombang cepet amarga kenaikan permukaan laut ing pungkasan Jaman Es, lan diaspora iki nyebarake bangsa-bangsa kasebut lan budaya, mitos, lan teknologi sing ana gandhengane ora mung menyang daratan Asia Tenggara, nanging uga nganti India, Timur Tengah, lan Mediterania. Para pengulas nemokake usulan-usulane kanggo pemukiman lan panyebaran asli pantes ditliti luwih lanjut, nanging isih skeptis karo klaim difusionis dheweke.{{sfn|Razak|2012}}{{sfn|Terrell|1999}}{{sfn|Baer|1999}} === Bukti genetik === Wong Melayu iku sawijining klompok ètnis sing manggon ing Asia Kidul-wétan lan Semenanjung Malaya sing nganggo basa Austronésia. Miturut panliten ing taun 2015, wong Melayu saka Semenanjung Malaysia, [[Singapura]], [[Indhonésia]], lan [[Sri Lanka]] nduweni 4 komponen leluhur utama, kalebu Austronésia (17%–62%), Proto-Melayu (15%–31%), Asia Timur (4%–16%) lan Asia Selatan (3%–34%). Nanging komponen pribumi Austronésia lan Asia Tenggara luwih penting kanggo wong Melayu saka Semenanjung Malaysia, Singapura lan Indhonésia tinimbang Asia Wétan lan Asia Kidul. Kosok baline, wong Melayu saka Sri Lanka nduweni udakara 34% keturunan Asia Kidul ing susunan genetik, sing ndadekake dheweke relatif béda.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Deng |first1=Lian |last2=Hoh |first2=Boon-Peng |last3=Lu |first3=Dongsheng |last4=Saw |first4=Woei-Yuh |display-authors=3 |date=2015 |title=Dissecting the genetic structure and admixture of four geographical Malay populations |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=5 |doi=10.1038/srep14375 |pmid=26395220 |pmc=4585825 |bibcode=2015NatSR...514375D }}</ref> Panliten ing taun 2021 nyimpulake yen garis keturunan Basal-Asia Timur sing khas (kadhangkala diarani '''East- and Southeast Asian lineage''<nowiki/>' (ESEA)), sing minangka leluhure wong Asia Timur lan Tenggara modern, wong Polinesia, lan wong Siberia, asale saka Daratan Asia Tenggara ing ~50.000 SM, lan berkembang liwat pirang-pirang gelombang migrasi menyang kidul lan lor. Leluhur basal-Asia Wétan, uga leluhur sing ana gandhèngané karo [[kulawarga basa Austroasiatika|Austroasia]], nyebar menyang Asia Kidul-wétan Maritim sadurungé ekspansi Austronésia. Wong-wong sing nganggo basa Austronésia dhewe dikira wis tekan ing [[Taiwan]] lan [[Filipina]] sisih lor antarane 10.000 lan 7.000 SM saka pesisir kidul Tiongkok, lan nyebar saka kana menyang saindenging Asia Tenggara. Para penulis nyimpulake yen ekspansi Austronésia menyang Insular Asia Tenggara lan [[Polinésia]] metu saka Filipina tinimbang Taiwan, lan wong-wong sing nganggo basa Austronesia modern, kayata wong Melayu, umume duwe leluhur saka Basal-Asia Timur paling awal, migran Austroasia saka Asia Tenggara Daratan, lan pelaut sing nganggo basa Austronésia saka Filipina, tanpa akeh campuran saka klompok sadurunge.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Larena |first1=Maximilian |last2=Sanchez-Quinto |first2=Federico |last3=Sjödin |first3=Per |last4=McKenna |first4=James |last5=Ebeo |first5=Carlo |last6=Reyes |first6=Rebecca |last7=Casel |first7=Ophelia |last8=Huang |first8=Jin-Yuan |last9=Hagada |first9=Kim Pullupul |last10=Guilay |first10=Dennis |last11=Reyes |first11=Jennelyn |date=30 Maret 2021 |title=Multiple migrations to the Philippines during the last 50,000 years |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=118 |issue=13 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2026132118 |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=8020671 |pmid=33753512|bibcode=2021PNAS..11826132L |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Yang |first=Melinda A. |date=6 Januari 2022 |title=A genetic history of migration, diversification, and admixture in Asia |url=http://www.pivotscipub.com/hpgg/2/1/0001/html |journal=Human Population Genetics and Genomics |language=en |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=1–32 |doi=10.47248/hpgg2202010001 |issn=2770-5005 |doi-access=free |access-date=25 Maret 2026 |archive-date=16 Mèi 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220516110501/http://www.pivotscipub.com/hpgg/2/1/0001/html |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Budaya== === Agama === [[Barkas:Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin Mosque 02.jpg|thumb|Masjid Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien ing [[Brunéi Darussalam]] ing wayah wengi [[Ramadhan]]. Karajan sugih iki nganut Melayu Islam Beraja (''Monarki Islam Melayu'') minangka filosofi nasional wiwit kamardikane ing taun 1984.]] Komunitas Melayu wiwitan umumé [[animisme|animis]], percaya marang anané ''semangat'' (roh) ing saben bab.<ref name="zaki1">{{harvnb|Zaki Ragman|2003|pp=1–6}}</ref> Kira-kira nalika wiwitan jaman umum, agama [[Hindhu]] lan [[Buda]] dikenalake dening para pedagang Asia Kidul menyang Kepulauan Melayu, ing ngendi agama kasebut berkembang nganti abad kaping 13, sadurunge tekane Islam sing digawa dening para pedagang Muslim Arab, Asia Kidul, lan Tiongkok. Ing abad kaping 15, Islam saka sekte [[Sunni]] ortodoks ngrembaka ing jagad Melayu ing jaman Kesultanan Malaka. Beda karo agama [[Hindhu|Hindu]], sing mung ngowahi masyarakat Melayu awal kanthi dangkal, [[Islam]] bisa diarani wis terintegrasi kanthi lengkap menyang urip saben dinane penduduk.<ref name="Syed">{{harvnb|Syed Husin Ali|2008|p=57}}</ref> Wiwit jaman iki, wong Melayu dianggep minangka kelompok etnoreligius lan sacara tradhisional nduweni identifikasi sing cedhak karo Islam{{sfn|Johns|Lahoud|2005|p=157}} lan wiwit kuwi dheweke ora ngganti agama.<ref name="Syed" /> Identitas iki kuwat banget nganti diarani dadi Muslim yaiku ''masuk Melayu'' (mlebu keMelayuan).{{sfn|Andaya|Andaya|1984|p=55}} Sanajan mangkono, kapercayan-kapercayan sadurungé sing duwé oyot sing luwih jero, tetep nglawan kutukan Islam - lan pancen mistisisme [[Sufisme]] wis gegandhèngan ing antarane wong Melayu, karo roh-roh saka jagad animisme sadurungé lan sawetara unsur Hindhu.{{sfn|Winstedt|1925|p=125}} Sawisé taun 1970-an, kebangkitan Islam (uga diarani re-Islamisasi{{sfn|Burgat|2003|p=54}}) ing saindenging jagad Muslim, akèh tradhisi sing dianggep nglanggar ajaran Islam lan ngandhut unsur syirik ditinggalaké déning wong Melayu ing Malaysia, déné ing antarane wong Melayu ing Indhonésia, tradhisi kasebut ora dianggep takhayul lan ngandhut unsur syirik. Ing antarane tradhisi kasebut yaiku festival ''mandi'' safar (adus [[Safar]]), festival [[adus]] kanggo nggayuh kasucian spiritual, sing bisa dideleng fitur-fitur sing padha karo sawetara ing Durga Puja ing India.{{sfn|Bolton|Hutton|2000|p=184}} Akèh-akèhé saka ètnis Melayu modern sing penganut Islam [[Sunni]]<ref>{{cite web |title=The Malay of Malaysia |publisher=Bethany World Prayer Center |url=http://kcm.co.kr/bethany_eng/p_code3/1892.html |access-date=2 Juli 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121010191042/http://kcm.co.kr/bethany_eng/p_code3/1892.html |archive-date=10 Oktober 2012}}</ref> lan riyaya Melayu sing paling penting yaiku sing asalé saka Islam - ''[[Idul Fitri|Hari Raya Aidilfitri]]'', ''[[Idul Adha|Hari Raya Aidiladha]]'', ''[[Muharram|Awal Muharram]]'', lan ''[[Mulud (pahargyan)|Maulidur Rasul]]''. Wong Melayu sing metu saka Islam ing Malaysia lan Brunéi dianggep murtad. Nanging, ana sawetara etnis Melayu sing manggon ing njaba negara-negara kasebut uga wis nganut agama liya kanthi sah miturut hukum. === Arsitèktur === {{See also|Omah Melayu}} [[Gambar:Rumah kedah.gif|thumb|350px|Omah tradhisional Melayu ing [[Kedah]], dihias nganggo panel ukiran khas [[Jasirah Malaka|Semenanjung Melayu]] sisih lor.]] [[Omah Melayu]] nuduhake papan panggonan vernakular wong Melayu, sawijining klompok etno-linguistik sing manggon ing [[Sumatra]], pesisir [[Kalimantan]], lan [[Jasirah Malaka|Semenanjung Malaya]]. Wangun arsitèktur tradhisional, kaya ta atap sing cocog karo gaya tropis lan proporsi sing harmonis kanthi unsur dekoratif dianggep isih nduweni nilai budaya sing gedhe dening akeh wong ing wilayah kasebut. Nanging, bangunan-bangunan iki mbutuhake perawatan sing signifikan dibandhingake karo konstruksi modern; kayata tantangan kanggo njaga bahan utama, kayu, saka efek bosok cuaca tropis uga serangan [[rayap]]. Katrampilan konstruksi vernakular iki saya ilang amarga [[Malaysia]] nerusake proses industrialisasi, dene ing [[Indhonésia]] omah-omah tradhisional kaya ngono isih lestari ing wilayah pedesaan. Senajan transformasi urban ing [[Singapura]] wis ngilangi meh kabeh wilayah urban Melayu, sawetara omah sing nampilake arsitèktur vernakular iki isih lestari, utamane ana ing pulo lepas pantai Pulau Ubin.{{Citation needed|date=Dhésèmber 2022}} Upaya kanggo [[arsitèktur Indonésia|nglestarikake gaya arsitektur asli]] [[Pratélan pulo ing Indonésia|kepulauan Indonesia]] wis ditindakake liwat dokumentasi lan replika kreasi ing paviliun [[panagaraning Indhonésiyah|provinsi]] ing [[Taman Mini Indonésia Indah]], [[Jakarta]]. ===Basa=== [[Barkas:Prasasti Kedukan Bukit 3.jpg|thumb|[[Prasasti Kedukan Bukit]] ditulis nganggo [[aksara Pallawa]]. Wis ana wiwit taun 683, iki minangka salah sawijining artefak tulisan Melayu paling tuwa sing isih ana.]] {{Main|Basa Malayu}} {{See also|Aksara Gundhil}} [[Basa Malayu]] iku salah siji basa sing paling misuwur ing donya, mligine saka kulawarga basa Austronésia. Varian lan dialek [[basa Melayu]] digunakake minangka basa resmi ing [[Brunéi Darussalam]], [[Indhonésia]], [[Malaysia]], lan [[Singapura]]. Basa iki uga dicaturaké ing [[Thai]]land kidul, [[Kapuloan Cocos (Keeling)|Kapuloan Cocos]], [[Pulo Natal]], lan [[Sri Lanka]]. Basa iki dicaturaké déning kurang luwih 33 yuta wong ing sakubengé Kapuloan Melayu lan digunakaké minangka basa kapindho déning kurang luwih 220 yuta wong.{{sfn|Wright|2007|p=492}} Wangun basa Malayu paling tuwa asale saka basa Proto-Malayu-Polinésia sing dituturake dening para pemukim Austronésia paling awal ing [[Asia Kidul-wétan]]. Wangun iki banjur berkembang dadi basa Malayu Kuna nalika budaya lan agama India wiwit nembus wilayah kasebut. Basa Melayu Kuna ngandhut sawetara istilah sing isih ana nganti saiki, nanging tetep ora bisa dimangerteni dening penutur modern, dene basa modern wis umume bisa dikenali ing basa Melayu Klasik tulisan, sing bentuk paling tuwa wiwit taun 1303 Masehi.{{sfn|Teeuw|1959|p=149}} Basa Melayu berkembang dadi basa Malayu Klasik liwat mlebune akeh kosakata [[basa Arab|Arab]] lan [[basa Pèrsi|Pèrsi]] kanthi bertahap nalika Islam mlebu ing wilayah kasebut, lan sajrone proses kasebut ana owah-owahan sing signifikan. Wiwitane, basa Melayu Klasik minangka klompok dialek sing maneka warna, sing nggambarake asal-usul kerajaan-kerajaan Melayu ing Asia Kidul-wétan. Salah sawijining dialek iki, sing dikembangake ing tradhisi sastra Kesultanan Malaka ing abad kaping 15, pungkasane dadi dominan. Jaman Malaka ditandhani karo owah-owahan basa Melayu dadi basa Islam, kaya dene basa Arab, Persia, Urdu, lan Swahili. [[Aksara Arab]] sing diadaptasi sing diarani [[aksara Jawi|Jawi]] digunakake kanggo ngganti [[aksara Kawi]], terminologi agama lan budaya Islam diasimilasi kanthi akeh, mbuwang akeh tembung Hindu-Buddha, lan basa Malayu dadi basa pengantar lan panyebaran Islam ing saindenging wilayah [[Asia Kidul-wétan]]. Ing puncak kekuasaan Malaka ing abad kaping 15, basa Malayu Klasik nyebar ngluwihi jagad penutur basa Melayu tradhisional<ref name="Sneddon 2003 59">{{harvnb|Sneddon|2003|p=59}}</ref> lan ngasilake ''[[basantara|lingua franca]]'' sing diarani ''Bahasa Melayu pasar'' ("Bazaar Melayu") utawa ''Bahasa Melayu rendah'' ("Melayu Endhek"), beda karo ''Bahasa Melayu Tinggi'' ("Melayu Luhur") ing Malaka.{{sfn|Sneddon|2003|p=84}} Lumrahé, basa Melayu Bazaar iku basa pidgin lan perkembangan sing paling penting yaiku basa pidgin dikreolisasi, sing nggawé sawetara basa anyar kaya ta [[basa Malayu Ambon]], [[basa Malayu Manado|Malayu Manado]], lan [[basa Batawi]].{{sfn|Sneddon|2003|p=60}} Para panulis [[Éropa]] ing abad kaping 17 lan 18, kaya ta Tavernier, Thomassin lan Werndly nggambarake basa Malayu minangka "''basa para wong pinter ing kabeh Hindia, kaya [[basa Latin]] ing Eropa''".{{sfn|Sweeney|1987}} Iki uga sing paling akeh digunakake nalika jaman penjajahan Inggris lan Walanda ing Kepulauan Melayu.{{sfn|Van der Putten|Cody|2009|p=55}} Kosok baline katon ing Hindia Timur Spanyol, ing ngendi latinisasi massal ing kepulauan kasebut sajrone taun-taun kolonial nyebabake kudeta historis basa Malayu ing Filipina. Dialek Kesultanan Johor, penerus langsung Malaka, dadi basa standar ing antarane wong Melayu ing [[Singapura]] lan [[Malaysia]], lan iki dadi dhasar asli kanggo [[basa Indhonésia]] sing wis distandardisasi.<ref name="Sneddon 2003 59"/>{{sfn|Wong|1973|p=126}}{{sfn|Clyne|1992|p=413}}{{sfn|Brown|Ogilvie|2009|p=678}} Saliyané basa Malayu standar, sing dikembangaké ing lingkungan Malaka-Johor, ana uga manéka dialek Melayu lokal. Contone, wong [[basa Bangka|Bangka]], Brunéi, [[basa Melayu Jambi|Jambi]], [[basa Malayu Kelantan-Petani|Kelantan]], Kedah, Negeri Sembilan, [[basa Palémbang|Palémbang]], [[Basa Malayu Kelantan-Petani|Pattan]], Sarawak, [[Basa Malayu Trengganu|Terengganu]], lan liya-liyane. Basa Malayu sacara historis ditulis nganggo [[aksara Pallawa]], [[aksara Kawi|Kawi]], lan [[aksara Réncong|Réncong]]. Sawisé tekané Islam, [[aksara Jawi]] sing adhedhasar basa Arab diadopsi lan isih digunakaké nganti saiki minangka salah siji saka rong aksara resmi ing [[Brunéi Darussalam]] lan minangka aksara alternatif ing [[Malaysia]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Kedah MB defends use of Jawi on signboards |work=The Star |year=2008 |url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2008/8/26/nation/22168989&sec=nation |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121029105406/http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2008%2F8%2F26%2Fnation%2F22168989&sec=nation |archive-date=29 Oktober 2012 }}</ref> Wiwit abad kaping 17, minangka akibat saka penjajahan Inggris lan Walanda, aksara Jawi mboko sithik diganti karo aksara Rumi<ref>{{cite web |title=Malay (Bahasa Melayu / بهاس ملايو) |website=Omniglot |url=http://www.omniglot.com/writing/malay.htm |access-date=2 Juli 2026 |archive-date=26 Juni 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190626115200/http://www.omniglot.com/writing/malay.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> sing adhedhasar Latin sing pungkasane dadi aksara modern resmi kanggo [[basa Malayu]] ing [[Malaysia]], [[Singapura]], lan [[Indhonésia]], lan aksara resmi ing [[Brunéi Darussalam]]. === Musik === {{Main|Musik Melayu}} [[Musik Melayu]] iku sawijining [[genre musik]] [[lagu dhaèrah|tradhisional]] sing asale lan berkembang ing pesisir wétan [[Sumatra]], [[Kalimantan]], lan [[Jasirah Malaka|Semenanjung Malaya]].<ref>Sahputra, T. W. H., Martarosa, & Warhat, Z. (2019). ''[https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/408383-musik-jazz-melayu-dalam-kajian-kreativit-7b989836.pdf Musik jazz Melayu dalam kajian kreativitas]''. ''Melayu Arts and Performance Journal'', 2(2), 191–200. </ref> [[Musik]] iki biasane dinyanyekake dening wong-wong saka etnis Melayu lan asring diiringi tarian khas Melayu lokal, contone nawakake tarian ing acara utawa pesta tradhisional, nampani tamu kehormatan, lan ing kegiatan keagamaan.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Purba|first=Junaidi|last2=Putri|first2=Sabrina Maulidia|last3=Nelson|first3=Ricky|last4=Silaban|first4=Cahyani Yesika br|last5=Ridho|first5=Muhammad Habibur|last6=Andika|first6=Riki|last7=Sitorus|first7=Christina Harianti|last8=Sa|first8=Maulidha|last9=Dardanila|url=https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/TRANSFORMATION_OF_TRADITIONAL_ARTS_RESPO/mtaeEQAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=0|title=TRANSFORMATION OF TRADITIONAL ARTS: RESPONDING TO THE CHALLENGES OF THE TIMES|publisher=Mawadra Lestari Enterprise|isbn=978-629-95611-1-8|pages=62|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Asbullah|first=Habib|last2=Rizkia|first2=Ayu|last3=Batrisya|last4=Julianto|first4=Deldi|last5=Pangestu|first5=Dimas|last6=Rania|first6=Dinda Safira|last7=Miranti|first7=Dwi|last8=Afrillia|first8=Ega|last9=Irianto|first9=Ega Deni|url=https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Mengabadikan_Riau_Buku_I/WXsgEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=0|title=Mengabadikan Riau: Buku I: Antologi Esai Kebudayaan|publisher=Penerbit Pustaka Rumah C1nta|isbn=978-623-7961-67-3|pages=95|language=id|url-status=live}}</ref> Sing menarik saka [[genre musik]] iki yaiku komposisine sing kasusun saka lirik lagu sing ngemot puisi sing diadaptasi karo urip saben dina, katresnan (kaya Dondang Sayang) lan kebak piwulang (pesen moral), kebak swara utawa vokal cengkok khas [[Melayu]], lan aransemen musik sing disusun kanthi rapi. Bebarengan karo perkembangan jaman, musik Melayu uga ngalami owah-owahan gaya musik, contone, musik iki uga ngalami fusi karo [[musik pop]], [[musik rock|rock]], lan [[dangdut]]. Aliran iki bisa ditemokaké ing negara-negara sing ana gandhèngané karo Melayu, kaya ta [[Indhonésia]], [[Malaysia]], [[Singapura]], lan [[Brunéi Darussalam]]. Ing wiwitan perkembangane, instrumen musik sing digunakake didominasi dening aksi [[rebana]] sing diarani Kompang saka [[Kabupatèn Panaraga|Ponorogo]], petik gambus, gesekan [[piyul]], nabuh akordeon, swara [[gong]], lan tiupan [[serunai]]. Iki dipengaruhi dening [[budaya]] tanah Arab lan [[Éropa]] tradisional. Bebarengan karo perkembangan teknologi, kabeh iki wis diganti karo instrumen musik elektronik awujud keyboard. Nanging, ing kegiatan tartamtu, instrumen musik tradisional isih digunakake kanggo nglestarikake warisan budaya. Ing perkembangane, gerakan iki populer ing taun 80-an lan malah mlebu era "puncak kejayaan" ing taun 90-an. Iki ditandhani karo tambah akeh penyanyi lan [[marchingband|band]] Melayu, lan pendatang anyar sing muncul kanthi lagu-lagu andalan dhewe. === Seni pertunjukan === [[Barkas:Joget Gamelan 1937.jpg|thumb|Pagelaran Joget Gamelan, 1937]] Wong Melayu duwé maneka warna musik lan tari sing minangka gabungan saka macem-macem pengaruh budaya. Genre-genre sing khas wiwit saka tari rakyat Melayu tradhisional kaya ta Mak Yong nganti tari Zapin sing dipengaruhi Arab. Gerakan koreografi uga maneka warna, saka langkah lan melodi sing prasaja ing Dikir barat nganti gerakan sing rumit ing Joget Gamelan. Musik tradhisional Melayu umumé musik perkusi. Maneka warna [[gong]] nyedhiyakake irama kanggo akeh tarian. Ana uga [[drum]] kanthi maneka warna ukuran, wiwit saka ''rebana ubi'' gedhe sing digunakake kanggo nandhani acara penting nganti ''rebana cilik'' (kendhang pigura) sing digunakake minangka iringan kanggo pengajian vokal ing upacara keagamaan.{{sfn|Moore|1998|p=48}} [[Barkas:KITLV - 3676 - Lambert & Co., G.R. - Singapore - Mahjong dance and drama at Penang Island - circa 1903.tif|thumb|left|Sakumpulan penari Melayu Siam sing nampilake Mak Yong (kira-kira abad kaping 19). Ing taun 2005, iki diakoni minangka salah sawijining karya agung warisan lisan lan ora nyata manungsa dening [[UNESCO]].]] Musik nobat dadi bagéan saka Regalia Kraton Melayu wiwit tekané Islam ing abad kaping 12 lan mung ditampilaké ing upacara-upacara penting kraton. Orkestrane kalebu instrumen suci lan dihormati banget yaiku ''nehara'' ([[kendang]]), ''gendang'' (kendang sirah loro), ''nafiri'' (trompet), ''[[serunai]]'' (oboe), lan kadhangkala gong kenop lan sepasang simbal.{{sfn|Marshall Cavendish|2007|p=1220}} Pengaruh India kuwat banget ing drama bayangan tradisional sing dikenal minangka [[wayang kulit|Wayang Kulit]], ing ngendi crita-crita saka epik [[Hindhu]]; [[Ramayana]] & [[Mahabharata]] dadi repertoar utama. Ana papat jinis teater wayang sing khas sing bisa ditemokake ing Semenanjung Malaya; ''Wayang Gedek'', ''Wayang Purwa'', ''Wayang Melayu'' lan ''Wayang Siam''.{{sfn|Srinivasa|2003|p=296}}{{sfn|Ghulam Sarwar Yousof|1997|p=3}}{{sfn|Matusky|1993|pp=8–11}} Sanajan mangkono, seni lan crita ''Wayang Purwa'' lan ''Wayang Siam'' nuduhake pengaruh regional sing nyawiji karo wong Jawa lan Siam, dene ''Wayang Melayu'' lan ''Wayang Gedek'' nyritakake bentuk lan busana Melayu sing luwih asli. Seni pertunjukan Melayu liyane sing kondhang yaiku; Teater ''[[Bangsawan]]'', ''Dondang Sayang'' seneng balada lan tari ''Mak Inang'' saka Kasultanan Malaka, ''Jikey'' lan ''Mek Mulung'' saka [[Kedah]], tari ''Asyik'' lan drama tari ''Menora'' saka Patani lan [[Kelantan]], Tari ''Ulek mayang'' lan ''Rodat'' saka [[Trengganu]], Teater ''Boria'' saka [[pulo Pinang|Penang]], Tari ''Canggung'' saka Perlis, Lagu-lagu narasi ''Mukun'' saka [[Brunéi Darussalam]] lan [[Sarawak]],{{sfn|Marzuki bin Haji Mohd Seruddin|2009}}<ref name="Ahmad Salehuddin 2009">{{harvnb|Ahmad Salehuddin|2009}}</ref> lan [[Gending Sriwijaya]] saka [[Kutha Palémbang|Palémbang]], lan ''Serampang Dua Belas'' saka Serdang.<ref name="Ahmad Salehuddin 2009"/> Zapin Api firedance saka [[Riau]] lan Dikir barat Singapura saka [[Singapura]]. === Seni rupa === [[Barkas:Burung Petala Indera I.png|thumb|Burung Petala Indra, manuk mitos raksasa sing digawe kanggo parade [[tetak|sunat]] agung pangeran [[Kelantan]].]] Seni ukir kayu minangka bagéyan saka [[seni rupa|seni visual]] Melayu klasik. Wong Melayu sacara tradhisional nghias monumen, prau, senjata, makam, alat musik, lan piranti-piranti kuna kanthi motif flora, kaligrafi, geometri, lan fitur kosmik. Seni iki ditindakake kanthi mbusak sebagian kayu nganggo piranti sing landhep lan ngetutake pola, komposisi, lan urutan tartamtu. Bentuk seni iki, sing dikenal minangka ''ukir'', dianggep minangka tumindak pengabdian para pengrajin marang sing nitahake lan hadiah kanggo sesamane.{{sfn|Said|2005}} Bentuk seni iki utamane disebabake dening akehe kayu ing Kepulauan Melayu lan uga dening katrampilan para pengukir kayu sing ngidini wong Melayu praktik ngukir kayu minangka kerajinan. Latar tropis alami ing ngendi flora lan fauna akeh wis menehi inspirasi kanggo motif kanggo digambarake kanthi bentuk abstrak utawa bergaya ing papan kayu. Kanthi rawuhe Islam, bentuk geometris lan kaligrafi Islam dikenalake ing ukiran kayu. Kayu sing digunakake biasane saka spesies kayu atos tropis sing dikenal awet lan bisa tahan serangan jamur, kumbang sepatu bot listrik, lan rayap.{{sfn|Said|2002}} Omah-omah tradhisional Melayu utawa masjid biasane dihiasi nganggo luwih saka 20 ukiran. Ukiran ing tembok lan panel ngidini angin sirkulasi kanthi efektif mlebu lan metu saka bangunan lan bisa ngidini sinar srengenge madhangi njero struktur kasebut. Ing wektu sing padha, bayangan sing digawe dening panel uga bakal nggawe bayangan adhedhasar motif sing nambah kaendahan ing lantai. Dadi, komponen sing diukir nduweni fungsi fungsional lan estetika. === Sandhangan tradhisional === [[Barkas:Busana Melayu.jpg|thumb|Wong lanang Melayu ing ''busana Melayu'', gaya tradhisional busana Melayu]] Sandhangan lan tekstil tradhisional Melayu wis terus owah wiwit jaman kuna. Sacara historis, wong Melayu kuna dicathet nggabungake maneka warna bahan alami minangka sumber penting kanggo kain, sandhangan, lan sandhangan. Nanging ing jaman biyen, nalika para pedagang awal teka saka wetan lan kulon menyang pelabuhan Kepulauan Melayu, padha bebarengan tuku barang-barang mewah anyar, kalebu katun lan sutra sing apik. Sandhangan kasebut banjur dadi sumber mode Melayu sing dhuwur lan nduweni peran budaya minangka identitas sing ngiket ing Nusantara, utamane ing semenanjung, Sumatra lan wilayah pesisir Kalimantan.{{sfn|Hassan|2016}} Ing budaya Melayu, sandhangan lan tekstil dianggep minangka simbol kaendahan, kekuasaan, lan status. Akeh cathetan ing hikayat Melayu nandheske papan khusus sing dikuwasani tekstil.{{sfn|Maznah Mohammad|1996|p=2}} Industri tenun tangan Melayu bisa dilacak asal-usule wiwit abad kaping 13 nalika jalur perdagangan wétan berkembang ing jaman Dinasti Song. Sebutan babagan tekstil gawean lokal uga dominasi tenunan ing [[Jasirah Malaka]] digawe ing macem-macem cathetan Tiongkok lan Arab.{{sfn|Maznah Mohammad|1996|p=19}} Antarane tekstil Melayu sing kondhang yaiku [[Songkèt]], [[Bathik]], ''Telepok'', ''Limar'', ''Tenun'', ''Kelingkam'', ''Cindai'', ''Pelangi'' lan ''Tekad''. Sandhangan Melayu klasik maneka warna ing saben wilayah, nanging sandhangan tradisional sing paling jero ing jaman saiki yaiku Baju Kurung (kanggo wanita) lan Baju Melayu (kanggo pria), sing loro-lorone diakoni minangka sandhangan nasional kanggo [[Malaysia]] lan [[Brunéi Darussalam]], lan uga dienggo dening komunitas Melayu ing [[Indhonésia]], [[Singapura]], [[Filipina]], [[Myanmar]] lan [[Thai]]land. [[Barkas:HariRayaMalaykids.jpg|thumb|left|Bocah-bocah Melayu nganggo klambi adat nalika [[Idul Fitri]]]] Tembung ''Baju Kurung'', sing sacara sastra ditegesi minangka "mbunteli awak" sing nganggo, dirancang adhedhasar prinsip-prinsip Islam babagan kesopanan, wicaksana, lan andhap asor. Praktek iki padha karo doktrin agama Yahudi-Kristen, amarga memamerkan bagian awak sing intim dianggep dilarang ing Islam. Interpretasi kasebut banjur diserap menyang cara berpakaian lan perspektif budaya Melayu, iki bisa dideleng kanthi cetha nalika pamrentahan Mansur Shah saka Malaka ing abad kaping 15, sultan nglarang rakyat Muslim wanita ing ngarep umum supaya ora mung nganggo sarung saka dhadha mudhun. Sajrone jaman biyen, Baju Kurung Melayu ngalami sawetara reinkarnasi sadurunge njupuk wujud kaya saiki. Amarga jembare maneka warna karajan Melayu ing Nuswantara, pola desain Baju Kurung uga bisa dideleng ing wilayah kasebut, kalebu [[Bengkulu]], [[Kedah]], [[Jambi]], Johor-Riau, Pahang lan [[Kutha Palémbang|Palémbang]].{{sfn|Hassan|2016}} Mode Baju Kurung sing cocog kanggo wong lanang diarani "Baju Melayu". Bagean ndhuwur sandhangan digawe kanthi desain geometris sing meh padha karo Baju Kurung lan umume dipasangake karo kain tenun sing dikenal minangka sarung. Pola sarung bisa uga kalebu simbol status perkawinan wong kasebut utawa pangkate ing masyarakat Melayu tradhisional.{{sfn|Hassan|2016}} Sandhangan Melayu klasik umum liyané kanggo wong lanang kalebu ''baju'' (klambi) utawa ''tekua'' (jinis klambi lengen dawa), ''baju rompi'' (rompi), ''kancing'', ''celana'' pendek (celana sikil cilik), [[sarung]] sing dienggo ing pinggul, ''capal'' (sandal), lan ''tanjak'' utawa ''tengkolok'' (tutup sirah); kanggo para bangsawan, ''baju sikap'' utawa ''baju layang'' (jinis jas) lan ''pending'' (gesper sabuk hias) uga sinonim kanggo dienggo minangka sandhangan resmi. Uga lumrah yen ''Pendekar'' (prajurit Melayu) nduweni [[keris]] sing diselipake ing lipatan ngarep sarung. Beda karo Baju Melayu sing isih dienggo mung minangka klambi upacara, Baju Kurung dienggo saben dina sajrone setaun dening mayoritas wanita Melayu. Katon pegawai negeri sipil wanita, pekerja profesional, lan mahasiswa nganggo Baju Kurung iku lumrah ing [[Malaysia]] lan [[Brunéi Darussalam]]. ==Sub-ètnis== {{Uga deleng|Wong Melayu Malaysia|Wong Melayu Indhonésia}} ==Deleng uga== * [[Donya Melayu]] * [[Omah Melayu]] ==Cathetan suku== {{Reflist}} ==Pranala njaba== {{stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Melayu}} [[Kategori:Melayu|*]] [[Kategori:Suku bangsa ing Malaysia]] [[Kategori:Suku bangsa ing Indonesia]] [[Kategori:Golongan ètnik ing Indonésia]] [[Kategori:Golongan ètnik ing Malaysia]] {{Featured article}} {{Authority control}} 0nizs8bgqfe6g5vp73qxkj6xpbog6r2 1755906 1755900 2026-09-01T01:41:53Z ~2026-38892-59 73578 1755906 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group | group = <br/>Wong Melayu<br/>''Orang Melayu''<br/>أورڠ ملايو | image = [[Gambar:Siti Nurhaliza - KLIFF 08.jpg|57px|Siti Nurhaliza]] [[Gambar:Mahathir 2007.jpg|57px|Mahathir Mohammad]] [[Gambar:Muszaphar shukor.jpg|57px|Sheikh Muszaphar Shukor]]<br/>[[Gambar:Amir Hamzah portrait edit.jpg|51px|Amir Hamzah]] [[Gambar:Raja Ali Haji.jpg|57px|Raja Ali Haji]] [[Gambar:Hamzah Haz.jpg|57px|Hamzah Haz]]<br/>[[Gambar:Siti Nordiana interviewed by MeleTOP.jpg|70px|Siti Nordiana]] | caption = Sakarepe: [[Siti Nurhaliza]] • [[Mahathir Mohammad]] • [[Sheikh Muszaphar Shukor]]<br/> Kaloro: [[Amir Hamzah]] • [[Raja Ali Haji]] • [[Hamzah Haz]]<br/> Katelu: [[Siti Nordiana]] | poptime = {{circa}} '''40.000.000 jiwane''' <!-- sum of numbers from each region below --> | region1 = <span style="font-size:105%;">'''Pedunung mayoritas'''</span> | region6 = '''{{flagicon|Malaysia}} [[Malaysia]]''' | pop6 = 20.749.378 <small>(2010 prakiraan)</small> | ref6 = {{lower|<ref>{{harvnb|Economic Planning Unit (Malaysia)|2010}}</ref>}} | region7 = '''{{flagicon|Brunei}} [[Brunéi Darussalam]]''' | pop7 = 501.902 <small>(2010 prakiraan)</small> | ref7 = {{lower|<ref name="CIA (B)>"{{harvnb|CIA World Factbook|t=Brunei|2012}}</ref>}} | region8 = <span style="font-size:105%;">'''Pedunung minoritas'''</span> | pop8 = | ref8 = | region9 = '''{{flagicon|Indonesia}} [[Indonésia]]''' | pop9 = 8.789.585 <small>(2010 prakiraan)</small> | ref9 = {{lower|<ref>{{harvnb|Badan Pusat Statistika Indonesia|2010}}</ref><ref>Figure obtained based on the percentage of Malays in 2000 census and the total Indonesian population in 2010 census</ref>}} | region10 = '''{{flagicon|Thailand}} [[Thailand]]''' | pop10 = 5.354.475 <small>(2010 prakiraan)</small> | ref10 = {{lower|<ref>{{harvnb|CIA World Factbook|t=Thailand|2012}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples|2005}}</ref>}} | region11 = '''{{flagicon|Singapura}} [[Singapura]]''' | pop11 = 1.003.449 <small>(2010 prakiraan)</small> | ref11 = {{lower|<ref>{{harvnb|CIA World Factbook|t=Singapore|2012}}</ref>}} | region12 = '''{{flagicon|Philippines}} [[Pilipina]]''' | pop12 = 2.000.000 | ref12 = | region13 = '''{{flagicon|Liga Arab}} [[Nagara-nagara Arab]]''' | pop13 = ~50.000 | ref13 = <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.utusan.com.my/rencana/agama/jejak-melayu-di-bumi-anbiya-1.437075|title=Jejak Melayu di bumi anbiya|work=Utusan Online |access-date=2 Juli 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180915002357/http://www.utusan.com.my/rencana/agama/jejak-melayu-di-bumi-anbiya-1.437075|archive-date=15 Sèptèmber 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ww1.kosmo.com.my/kosmo/content.asp?y=2017&dt=0126&pub=Kosmo&sec=Rencana_Utama&pg=ru_02.htm|title=Jabal Ajyad perkampungan komuniti Melayu di Mekah|work=Kosmo Online |access-date=2 Juli 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180915001838/http://ww1.kosmo.com.my/kosmo/content.asp?y=2017&dt=0126&pub=Kosmo&sec=Rencana_Utama&pg=ru_02.htm|archive-date=15 Sèptèmber 2018}}</ref> | languages = [[Basa Malayu]], [[Basa Indhonésia]], [[Basa Thai]], [[Basa Arab]], [[Basa Inggris]], lan [[Basa Tamil]] | religions = [[Islam]] | related = [[Wong Acèh|Acèh]], [[Wong Banjar|Banjar]], [[Wong Minangkêbo|Minang]], [[Wong Kerinci|Kerinci]], [[Wong Tidung|Tidung]], [[Wong Laut|Laut]], [[Wong Betawi|Betawi]] }} [[Gambar:Malay couple.jpg|thumb|300px|Pasangan Melayu nganggo sandhangan tradhisional sawisé upacara ''akad nikah''. Penganten kakung nganggo ''baju melayu'' nganggo ''songkok'' lan ''[[songkèt]]'', dene penganten putri nganggo ''baju kurung'' nganggo ''tudong''.]] [[Gambar:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Kleurenlitho getiteld Jong gehuwde Maleische vrouw TMnr 5795-34.jpg|thumb|300px|Wadon Melayu ing Kutai diidentifikasi kanthi bentuk bun sing khas (litografi dening C. F. Kelley adhedhasar gambar dening Carl Book, [[1887]])]] '''Wong Melayu''' ({{lang-ms|'''Melayu'''}}; [[Aksara Jawi|Jawi]]: ملايو) minangka klompok suku bangsa [[Austronésia]] utamané ing Semenanjung Malaya, ing saindenging [[Sumatra]], kidul [[Thailand]], pesisir kidul [[Burma]], pulo [[Singapura]], [[Borneo]] pesisir kalebu [[Brunei]], [[Kalimantan Kulon]], [[Kalimantan Wétan]] lan [[Sarawak]] lan [[Sabah]] pesisir, [[Pilipina]] sisih kulon lan sisih kidul, lan pulo-pulo cilik sing ana ing antarané lokasi kasebut — sacara koléktif dikenal minangka "Dunia Melayu". Lokasi iki saiki dadi bagéan saka negara-negara modern [[Malaysia]], [[Indhonésia]], [[Singapura]], [[Brunei]], [[Burma]], [[Thailand]], lan [[Filipina]]. Malah, akéh komunitas [[Minangkabau]], [[Mandailing]], lan [[Dayak]] sing pindhah menyang pesisir wétan [[Sumatra]] lan pesisir kulon [[Kalimantan]], ngaku wong Melayu. Saliyané ing Nusantara, wong Melayu uga ang ing [[Sri Lanka]], [[Kapuloan Cocos (Keeling)]] ''(Cocos Malays)'', lan [[Afrika Kidul]] ''(Cape Malays)''. Ana maneka warna basa, budaya, seni, lan sosial sing cukup akeh ing antarane akeh subkelompok Melayu, utamane amarga atusan taun imigrasi lan asimilasi macem-macem etnis lan suku regional ing Asia Tenggara Maritim. Sacara historis, populasi Melayu utamane keturunan saka suku [[kulawarga basa Austronésia|Austronésia]] lan [[kulawarga basa Austroasiatika|Austroasia]] sing nganggo [[basa Malayu]] sadurunge sing ngedegake sawetara negara lan kerajaan dagang maritim kuna, utamane [[Brunéi Darussalam|Brunéi]], [[Kedah]], Langkasuka, Gangga Negara, Chi Tu, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Pahang, [[Kerajaan Melayu|Melayu]], lan [[Praja Sriwijaya|Sriwijaya]].{{sfn|Milner|2010|pp=24, 33}}{{sfn|Barnard|2004|pp=7 & 60}} Tekane Kesultanan Malaka ing abad kaping 15 micu revolusi gedhe ing sejarah Melayu, sing penting banget dumunung ing warisan politik lan budaya sing jembar. Tandha-tandha definitif umum saka kemelayuan — agama Islam, basa lan tradhisi Melayu — dianggep wis diproklamasikake ing jaman iki, sing ndadékaké etnogenesis wong Melayu minangka klompok etnoreligius utama ing wilayah kasebut. Ing sastra, arsitektur, tradhisi kuliner, sandhangan tradisional, seni pertunjukan, seni bela diri, lan tradhisi kraton, Malaka netepake standar sing ditiru dening kesultanan Melayu sabanjure. Jaman keemasan kesultanan Melayu ing Semenanjung Malaya, Sumatra Wétan, lan Pesisir Kalimantan nyumurupi akèh pedunungé, mliginé saka manéka warna komunitas suku kaya ta [[Wong Batak|Batak]], [[Dayak]], Wong Asli, lan [[Wong Laut]], sing tundhuk marang Islamisasi lan Invasi Melayu. Sajrone sejarah, istilah "Melayu" wis ditambahi menyang klompok etnis liyane ing "[[Donya Melayu]]"; panggunaan iki saiki umume diwatesi ing Malaysia lan Singapura, ing ngendi keturunan liyane saka klompok etnis iki diarani Anak Dagang ("pedagang") lan umume asale saka [[Indhonésia]] kayata [[wong Acèh]], [[Wong Banjar|Banjar]], [[Wong Bugis|Bugis]], [[Wong Mandailing|Mandailing]], [[Wong Minangkêbo|Minangkêbo]] lan [[Wong Jawa|Jawa]]. == Etimologi == [[Barkas:Candi Muaro Jambi dengan langit biru.jpg|thumb|[[Kompleks Candhi Muaro Jambi]] ing [[Jambi]], sacara historis ana hubungane karo [[Kerajaan Melayu]] pra-Islam. Wong Melayu-Sriwijaya dikenal mbangun sistem bangunan sing rumit ing ibukutha, kutha-kutha gedhe, lan pusat kutha sing penting.]] [[Barkas:Bukit Seguntang Tombs.jpg|thumb|Bukit Seguntang ing [[Kutha Palémbang|Palémbang]]. Miturut ''[[Sejarah Melayu]]'', bukit iki nyathet munculé Sang Sapurba, leluhur legendaris kanggo macem-macem kulawarga kerajaan Melayu ing [[Sumatra]], [[Jasirah Malaka|Semenanjung Malaya]], lan [[Kalimantan]].]] Literatur epik ''[[Sulalatus Salatin|Sajarah Melayu]]'' nggandhengake asal-usul etimologis "Melayu" karo kali cilik sing jenenge Sungai Melayu ('kali Melayu') ing [[Sumatra]], [[Indhonésia]]. Epik kasebut salah nyebutake yen kali kasebut mili menyang [[Kali Musi]] ing [[Kutha Palémbang|Palémbang]], dene sejatine mili menyang Kali Batang Hari ing [[Jambi]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Reid |first=Anthony |date=Oktober 2001 |title=Understanding Melayu (Malay) as a Source of Diverse Modern Identities |journal=Journal of Southeast Asian Studies |volume=32 |issue=3 |pages=295–313|doi=10.1017/S0022463401000157 |pmid=19192500 }}</ref>{{rp|298}} Istilah iki dianggep asale saka tembung Melayu ''melaju'', gabungan saka awalan verbal 'me' lan tembung oyot 'laju', sing tegese "nyepetake", digunakake kanggo njlentrehake arus kali sing deres lan cepet.{{sfn|Melebek|Moain|2006|pp=9–10}} === Minangka jeneng panggonan (toponim) === Sadurungé abad kaping 15, istilah "Melayu" lan varian sing mèmper katon ditrapaké minangka toponim lawas kanggo wilayah [[Selat Malaka]] sacara umum.{{sfn|Barnard|2004|p=3}} * '''''Malaya Dwipa''''', "Malaya Dvipa", diterangake ing bab 48, Vayu Purana minangka salah sawijining provinsi ing segara wétan sing kebak emas lan perak. Sawetara sarjana nyamakake istilah iki karo [[Sumatra]],{{sfn|Deka|2007|p=57}} nanging sawetara sarjana India percaya yen istilah kasebut kudune nuduhake Semenanjung Melayu sing pagunungan, dene Sumatra luwih tepat digandhengake karo Suvarnadvipa.{{sfn|Pande|2006|p=266}}{{sfn|Gopal|2000|p=139}}{{sfn|Ahir|1995|p=612}}{{sfn|Mukerjee|1984|p=212}}{{sfn|Sarkar|1970|p=8}} * '''''Maleu-kolon''''' – lokasi ing Semenanjung Emas, saka karya [[Claudius Ptolemaeus|Ptolemy]], Geographia.{{sfn|Gerini|1974|p=101}} * '''''Mo-lo-yu''''' – kasebut déning Yijing, sawijining biksu Buddha Tionghoa saka [[Wangsa Tang|Dinasti Tang]] sing ngunjungi Asia Tenggara ing taun 688–695. Miturut Yijing, karajan ''Mo-Lo-Yu'' dumunung ing jarak 15 dina lelayaran saka Bogha (Palembang), ibukutha Sribhoga ([[Praja Sriwijaya|Sriwijaya]]). Butuh layar 15 dina kanggo tekan Ka-Cha ([[Kedah]]) saka Mo-lo-yu; mula, bisa diarani yen Mo-Lo-Yu bakal dumunung ing tengah-tengah antarane rong panggonan kasebut.{{sfn|I Ching|2005|p=xl–xli}} Ana téori populer sing nggandhèngaké ''Mo-Lo-Yu'' karo [[Kompleks Candhi Muaro Jambi|Jambi]] ing Sumatra,{{sfn|Melayu Online|2005}} nanging lokasi geografis Jambi kontradiksi karo katrangané Yi Jing babagan "layar setengah dalan antara ''Ka-Cha'' (Kedah) lan ''Bogha'' (Palembang)". Ing jaman [[Wangsa Yuan|Dinasti Yuan]] (1271–1368) lan [[Wangsa Ming|Dinasti Ming]] (1368–1644), tembung ''Ma-La-Yu'' kerep disebut ing teks-teks sejarah Tiongkok – kanthi owah-owahan ejaan amarga rentang wektu antarane dinasti – kanggo nyebutake sawijining bangsa ing cedhak segara kidul. Antarane istilah-istilah sing digunakake yaiku "Bôk-lá-yù", "Mók-là-yū" (木剌由), Má-lì-yù-er (麻里予兒), Oō-laì-yu (巫来由) — dilacak saka sumber tinulis saka bhikkhu [[Xuanzang]]) lan Wú-laī-yû (無来由). * '''''Malaiyur''''' – kasebut ing prasasti Tanjore. Iki digambarake minangka kerajaan sing nduweni "gunung sing kuwat minangka benteng" sing tiba menyang penjajah Chola nalika kampanye Rajendra Chola I ing abad kaping 11. Bisa uga ana ing Sumatra, antarane Pannai lan Sriwijaya ([[Kutha Palémbang|Palémbang]]),<ref>{{Cite book |title=Nagapattinam to suvarnadwipa: Reflections on the chola naval expeditions to Southeast Asia |publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian Studies |year=2009 |editor-last1=Kulke |editor-first1=Hermann |location=Singapore |editor-last2=Kesavapany |editor-first2=K. |editor-last3=Sakhuja |editor-first3=Vijay}}</ref>{{rp|77–78, 170}} bisa uga ana ing situs arkeologi [[Kabupatèn Muaro Jambi|Muaro Jambi]].<ref name=":6">{{Cite book|last=Miksic|first=John M.|year=2013|title=Singapore and the Silk Road of the Sea, 1300–1800|publisher=NUS Press|isbn=978-9971-69-558-3|author1-link=John N. Miksic}}</ref>{{rp|405}} * '''''Malai''''' – sing kasebut déning ahli géografi Arab abad kaping 12 [[Al-Idrisi|Muhammad al-Idrisi]] ing Tabula Rogeriana, pulo iki njlèntrèhaké semenanjung Malaya minangka pulo sing dawa lan nyebut Malai, wewatesan karo Qmer (Khmer) lan dunungé 12 dina layar saka Sanf (Champa).<ref>[https://www.sg/sgbicentennial/the-bicentennial-experience/map/al-idrisis-a-guide-to-pleasant-journeys-into-faraway-lands/ al-Idrisi's A guide to Pleasant Journeys into Faraway Lands]. Singapore Bicentennial Office. November 2019.</ref><ref>Gerini, G. E., & Royal Geographical Society (Great Britain). (1909). [https://books.google.com.my/books?id=FKYcAAAAMAAJ&vq=malai&pg=PA535#v=onepage&q=malai&f=false Researches on Ptolemy's Geography of Eastern Asia (further India and Indo-Malay Archipelago) (Asiatic Society monographs)]. Royal Asiatic society, Royal geographical society. p. 535.</ref> * '''''Bhūmi Mālayu''''' – (secara harfiah "Tanah Malayu"), transkripsi saka [[Prasasti Padang Roco]] taun 1286 M dening Slamet Muljana.{{sfn|Muljana|1981|p=223}} Istilah iki ana gandheng cenenge karo kerajaan Dharmasraya. * '''''Ma-li-yu-er''''' – kasebut ing babad [[Wangsa Yuan]], nuduhake sawijining bangsa ing Semenanjung Melayu sing ngadhepi ekspansi Kerajaan Sukhothai menyang kidul, nalika jaman pamrentahan Ram Khamhaeng.<ref>{{cite web |title=Chronicle of Mongol Yuan |website=guoxue.com |language=zh |url=http://www.guoxue.com/shibu/24shi/yuanshi/yuas_210.htm |access-date=5 Fèbruari 2026 |archive-date=27 Agustus 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100827214255/http://www.guoxue.com/shibu/24shi/yuanshi/yuas_210.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> Kronik kasebut nyatakake: "''..Ana rasa sengit antarane Siam lan Ma-li-yu-er nganti loro-lorone padha mateni siji lan sijine ...''". Kanggo nanggepi tumindake Sukhothai, utusan Tiongkok menyang kraton Ram Khamhaeng ing taun 1295 nggawa dekrit kekaisaran: "Tetepna janjimu lan aja nindakake piala marang Ma-li-yu-er".{{sfn|Hall|1981|p=190}} * '''''Malauir''''' – kasebut ing cathetan [[Marco Polo]] minangka kerajaan sing dumunung ing Semenanjung Melayu,{{sfn|Cordier|2009|p=105}}{{sfn|Wright|2004|pp=364–365}} bisa uga padha karo sing kasebut ing kronik Yuan. * '''''Malayapura''''' – (sacara harfiah "kutha Malaya" utawa "bètèng Malaya"), sing ditulis ing [[prasasti Amoghapasa]] sing ditulis taun 1347 Masehi. Istilah iki digunakake dening [[Adityawarman]] kanggo nyebut Dharmasraya. Saran liyané kalebu tembung [[basa Jawa|Jawa]] ''mlayu'' (minangka kriya: mlayu, partisip: buronan), utawa istilah Melayu ''melaju'' (nyepetake kanthi ajeg), sing nuduhake mobilitas dhuwur lan sifat migrasi wong-wongé. De Barros (1552) nyebutake yen [[Paraméswara|Iskandar Shah]] menehi jeneng ''Malaios'' (wong Melayu) kaya ngono amarga bapakne diusir saka negarane. Albuquerque nerangake yen [[Paraméswara|Parameswara]] mlayu (''malayo'') saka kerajaan Palembang menyang Malaka.{{sfn|Crawfurd|1856|p=[https://archive.org/details/adescriptivedic00crawgoog/page/n254/mode/2up 244]}} === Minangka jeneng ètnis (etnonim) === {{multiple image | align = right | total_width = 420 | image1 = Malays from the Malacca Sultanate Codice Casanatense.jpg | alt1 = Wong Melayu ing Malaka | caption1 = Cat banyu Portugis wong Malaya ing Malaka, kira-kira taun 1540, ditampilake ing Códice Casanatense | image2 = A Malay couple RBSeite93.jpg | alt2 = Pasangan Melayu | caption2 = Ilustrasi pasangan Melayu, saka ''Reise nach Batavia'', antarane taun 1669 lan 1682 | image3 = JogetUNISEL.jpg | alt3 = Tari Joget | caption3 = Tari Joget saka Kesultanan Malaka; akeh aspek budaya Melayu sing asale saka kraton Malaka }} Tembung "Melayu" minangka etnonim, kanggo ngrujuk marang kluster etnologis sing béda banget, dianggep wis dadi populer sajrone integrasi Kesultanan Malaka minangka kakuwatan regional ing abad kaping 15. Iki digunakake kanggo nglaporake babagan keberpihakan sosial wong Malaka tinimbang wong manca ing wilayah sing padha, utamane [[wong Jawa]] lan [[Thai]].{{sfn|Barnard|2004|p=4}} Iki dibuktèkaké saka dhaptar tembung Melayu awal abad kaping 16 déning Antonio Pigafetta sing gabung karo pelayaran Magellan, sing ngrujuk babagan kepriyé frasa ''chiara Malaiu'' ('cara Melayu') digunakaké ing maritim [[Asia Kidul-wétan]], kanggo nyebut ''al parlare de Malaea'' ([[basa Italia]] kanggo "ngomong babagan Malaka").{{sfn|Milner|2010|pp=22}} Sastra Melayu klasik nggambarake wong Melayu kanthi makna sing luwih sempit tinimbang interpretasi modern. ''Hikayat Hang Tuah'' (kira-kira taun 1700, manuskrip kira-kira taun 1849) mung nyebutake wong Melayu minangka subjek Kesultanan Malaka; [[Brunéi Darussalam|Brunéi]], nalika semana, ora dianggep minangka wong Melayu. ''Hikayat Patani'' (manuskrip: 1876) contoné, ora nyebut Patani lan Brunéi minangka [[basa Malayu]], istilah kuwi mung digunakaké kanggo [[Johor]]. Kedah boten kalebet basa Melayu ing babad Kedah/Hikayat Merong Mahawangsa (kira-kira 1821). ''Hikayat Aceh'' (kira-kira taun 1625, manuskrip kira-kira taun 1675) nggandhengake etnis Melayu karo Johor, nanging mesthi ora karo Aceh utawa Deli.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Milner |first=Anthony |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sACaolB0FpkC&q=liberally |title=The Malays |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |year=2011 |isbn=978-1-4443-9166-4 |pages=91–92 |access-date=5 Fèbruari 2026|archive-date=31 Maret 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331160702/https://books.google.com/books?id=sACaolB0FpkC&q=liberally |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>For the dating of the manuscripts, see [https://mcp.anu.edu.au/Q/texts.html Malay Concordance Project]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809133732/https://mcp.anu.edu.au/Q/texts.html|date=9 Agustus 2022}}.</ref> == Asal-usul == [[Barkas:Baju Melayu.jpg|thumb|Sekelompok wong lanang saka [[Brunéi Darussalam]] nganggo sandhangan jinis ''Cekak Musang'', dienggo bareng karo [[songkèt]] (kiwa paling adoh) lan ''[[sarung|kain sarung]]''.]] === Modhél Proto-Melayu === Uga dikenal minangka ''Melayu asli'' (wong Melayu asli) utawa ''Melayu purba'' (wong Melayu kuna), wong Proto-Melayu asale saka Austronésia lan dipercaya wis migrasi menyang Kapuloan Melayu sajrone serangkaian migrasi dawa antarane 2500 lan 1500 SM.{{sfn|Ryan|1976|pp=4–5}} Proto-Melayu sing misuwur saiki yaiku Moken, Jakun, Orang Kuala, Temuan lan Orang Kanaq.<ref>{{cite web |title=Orang Asli Population Statistics |publisher=Center for Orang Asli Concerns |url= http://www.coac.org.my/codenavia/portals/coacv2/code/main/main_art.php?parentID=11374494101180&artID=11432750280711 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110722233738/http://www.coac.org.my/codenavia/portals/coacv2/code/main/main_art.php?parentID=11374494101180&artID=11432750280711 |archive-date=22 Juli 2011}}</ref> ''The Encyclopedia of Malaysia: Early History'' ({{lang|id|Ensiklopedia Malaysia: Sejarah Awal}}), wis nudingake total telung teori babagan asal-usul wong Melayu: * Teori Yunnan (diterbitake ing taun 1889) – Teori Proto-Melayu sing asale saka Yunnan kira-kira 4.000 nganti 6.000 taun kepungkur. Téori iki didhukung déning R.H Geldern lan timé sing nduwé téori yèn migrasi wong-wong mau kedadeyan saka Kali Mekong menyang [[Jasirah Malaka|Semenanjung Malaya]]. Bukti liyané sing ndhukung téori iki kalebu piranti watu sing ditemokaké ing Kepulauan Melayu sing analog karo piranti Asia Tengah, sing nuduhaké kamiripan adat istiadat Melayu lan Assam.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=Parthipan |first1=Shalini |last2=Mirianti Ishar |first2=Seri |date=2022 |title=Perspective on Ancestral Lineages and Genetic Markers of Malay Population in Peninsular Malaysia |url=http://journalarticle.ukm.my/19571/1/49021-177065-2-PB.pdf |journal=Journal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia |volume=20 |issue=1 |page=86 |via=Journalarticle.ukm.my |access-date=24 Maret 2026 |archive-date=16 Oktober 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221016080144/http://journalarticle.ukm.my/19571/1/49021-177065-2-PB.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> * Teori New Guinea/Pelaut (diterbitake ing taun 1965) – Migrasi pelaut kanthi katrampilan oseanografi sing kuwat sing lelungan saka pulo siji menyang pulo liyane antarane [[Niu Sélan]] lan [[Madhagaskar]]. Teori kasebut ngaku yen morfologi wong Melayu nalika semana padha karo Negroid.<ref name=":0" /> * Teori [[Républik Cina|Taiwan]] (diterbitake ing taun 1997) – Migrasi sekelompok wong saka Tiongkok Kidul kedadeyan 6.000 taun kepungkur, sawetara pindhah menyang [[Taiwan]] ([[wong pribumi Taiwan|pribumi Taiwan]] saiki minangka keturunane), banjur menyang [[Filipina]] lan mengko menyang [[Kalimantan]] (kurang luwih 4.500 taun kepungkur) ([[Dayak]] saiki lan kelompok liyane). Wong-wong kuna iki uga pisah, ana sing menyang [[Sulawesi]] lan ana sing menyang [[Jawa]], lan [[Sumatra]], sing saiki kabeh nganggo basa-basa sing kalebu kulawarga Basa Austronesia. Migrasi pungkasan kedadeyan ing Semenanjung Malaya kira-kira 3.000 taun kepungkur. Sawijining sub-kelompok saka Kalimantan pindhah menyang Champa ing jaman saiki sing diarani Vietnam Tengah lan Kidul kira-kira 4.500 taun kepungkur. Ana uga jejak migrasi Dong Son lan Hoabinhian saka [[Viètnam]] lan [[Kamboja]]. Kabeh klompok iki nduweni DNA lan asal-usul linguistik sing bisa ditelusuri saka pulo sing saiki diarani Taiwan, lan leluhure wong-wong kuna iki bisa ditelusuri saka Tiongkok kidul.{{sfn|Barnard|2004}} ==== Deutero-Melayu ==== [[Barkas:Women from Palembang in Ikat weave, Wanita di Indonesia p29 (Ministry of Information).jpg|thumb|Wanita saka [[Kutha Palémbang|Palémbang]] nganggo busana tradhisional, sing diarani Baju Kurung sing digawe saka [[Songkèt]]. Klambi iki umume digandhengake karo wanita keturunan Melayu.]] Wong Deutero-Melayu iku wong [[jaman wesi|Jaman Wesi]] sing sebagian turunan saka wong Austronésia sabanjure sing dilengkapi teknik pertanian sing luwih maju lan kawruh anyar babagan logam.{{sfn|Murdock|1969|p=278}}{{sfn|Ooi|2004|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=QKgraWbb7yoC&pg=PA495 495]}}{{sfn|Anderbeck|2002}} Para pemukim Deutero-Melayu ora nomaden kaya para leluhure: nanging dheweke manggon lan ngadegake kampung-kampung sing dadi unit utama ing masyarakat. Kampung-kampung iki biasane dumunung ing pinggir kali utawa pesisir lan umume bisa nyukupi pangan lan kabutuhan liyane. Ing pungkasan abad kaping 1 SM, kampung-kampung iki wiwit nindakake perdagangan karo jagad njaba.{{sfn|Jamil Abu Bakar|2002|p=39}} Wong Deutero-Melayu dianggep minangka leluhur langsung saka wong Melayu saiki.{{sfn|TED|1999}} ==== Ekspansi saka modhél Sundaland ==== Téori sing luwih anyar nyatakaké yèn tinimbang dipanggoni déning ekspansi saka daratan, populasi Jaman És ing Semenanjung Malaya, Kapuloan Indhonésia sing cedhak, lan landas kontinèntal sing nalika iku katon (Sundaland) malah berkembang sacara lokal saka pemukim manungsa pisanan lan ngembang menyang daratan. Para pendukung téori iki percaya yèn ekspansi iki mènèhi panjelasan sing luwih irit babagan bukti linguistik, arkeologi, lan antropologis tinimbang modhèl sadurungé, mliginé model Taiwan.{{sfn|Oppenheimer|2006}} Téori iki uga nduwèni dhukungan saka bukti genetik anyar saka Human Genome Organisation sing nuduhaké yèn pedunung utama Asia kedadeyan ing siji migrasi liwat [[Asia Kidul-wétan]]; rute iki dianggep minangka wilayah Melayu modern lan keragaman ing wilayah kasebut berkembang utamane ing panggonan kasebut tanpa mbutuhake migrasi utama saka daratan. Ekspansi kasebut dhewe bisa uga disebabake dening kenaikan permukaan laut ing pungkasan Jaman Es.{{sfn|Abdulla et al.|2009}}{{sfn|Soares, et al.|2008}} Stephen Oppenheimer, pendukung paham iki, luwih lanjut ngajokake teori yen ekspansi bangsa kedadeyan kanthi telung gelombang cepet amarga kenaikan permukaan laut ing pungkasan Jaman Es, lan diaspora iki nyebarake bangsa-bangsa kasebut lan budaya, mitos, lan teknologi sing ana gandhengane ora mung menyang daratan Asia Tenggara, nanging uga nganti India, Timur Tengah, lan Mediterania. Para pengulas nemokake usulan-usulane kanggo pemukiman lan panyebaran asli pantes ditliti luwih lanjut, nanging isih skeptis karo klaim difusionis dheweke.{{sfn|Razak|2012}}{{sfn|Terrell|1999}}{{sfn|Baer|1999}} === Bukti genetik === Wong Melayu iku sawijining klompok ètnis sing manggon ing Asia Kidul-wétan lan Semenanjung Malaya sing nganggo basa Austronésia. Miturut panliten ing taun 2015, wong Melayu saka Semenanjung Malaysia, [[Singapura]], [[Indhonésia]], lan [[Sri Lanka]] nduweni 4 komponen leluhur utama, kalebu Austronésia (17%–62%), Proto-Melayu (15%–31%), Asia Timur (4%–16%) lan Asia Selatan (3%–34%). Nanging komponen pribumi Austronésia lan Asia Tenggara luwih penting kanggo wong Melayu saka Semenanjung Malaysia, Singapura lan Indhonésia tinimbang Asia Wétan lan Asia Kidul. Kosok baline, wong Melayu saka Sri Lanka nduweni udakara 34% keturunan Asia Kidul ing susunan genetik, sing ndadekake dheweke relatif béda.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Deng |first1=Lian |last2=Hoh |first2=Boon-Peng |last3=Lu |first3=Dongsheng |last4=Saw |first4=Woei-Yuh |display-authors=3 |date=2015 |title=Dissecting the genetic structure and admixture of four geographical Malay populations |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=5 |doi=10.1038/srep14375 |pmid=26395220 |pmc=4585825 |bibcode=2015NatSR...514375D }}</ref> Panliten ing taun 2021 nyimpulake yen garis keturunan Basal-Asia Timur sing khas (kadhangkala diarani '''East- and Southeast Asian lineage''<nowiki/>' (ESEA)), sing minangka leluhure wong Asia Timur lan Tenggara modern, wong Polinesia, lan wong Siberia, asale saka Daratan Asia Tenggara ing ~50.000 SM, lan berkembang liwat pirang-pirang gelombang migrasi menyang kidul lan lor. Leluhur basal-Asia Wétan, uga leluhur sing ana gandhèngané karo [[kulawarga basa Austroasiatika|Austroasia]], nyebar menyang Asia Kidul-wétan Maritim sadurungé ekspansi Austronésia. Wong-wong sing nganggo basa Austronésia dhewe dikira wis tekan ing [[Taiwan]] lan [[Filipina]] sisih lor antarane 10.000 lan 7.000 SM saka pesisir kidul Tiongkok, lan nyebar saka kana menyang saindenging Asia Tenggara. Para penulis nyimpulake yen ekspansi Austronésia menyang Insular Asia Tenggara lan [[Polinésia]] metu saka Filipina tinimbang Taiwan, lan wong-wong sing nganggo basa Austronesia modern, kayata wong Melayu, umume duwe leluhur saka Basal-Asia Timur paling awal, migran Austroasia saka Asia Tenggara Daratan, lan pelaut sing nganggo basa Austronésia saka Filipina, tanpa akeh campuran saka klompok sadurunge.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Larena |first1=Maximilian |last2=Sanchez-Quinto |first2=Federico |last3=Sjödin |first3=Per |last4=McKenna |first4=James |last5=Ebeo |first5=Carlo |last6=Reyes |first6=Rebecca |last7=Casel |first7=Ophelia |last8=Huang |first8=Jin-Yuan |last9=Hagada |first9=Kim Pullupul |last10=Guilay |first10=Dennis |last11=Reyes |first11=Jennelyn |date=30 Maret 2021 |title=Multiple migrations to the Philippines during the last 50,000 years |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=118 |issue=13 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2026132118 |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=8020671 |pmid=33753512|bibcode=2021PNAS..11826132L |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Yang |first=Melinda A. |date=6 Januari 2022 |title=A genetic history of migration, diversification, and admixture in Asia |url=http://www.pivotscipub.com/hpgg/2/1/0001/html |journal=Human Population Genetics and Genomics |language=en |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=1–32 |doi=10.47248/hpgg2202010001 |issn=2770-5005 |doi-access=free |access-date=25 Maret 2026 |archive-date=16 Mèi 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220516110501/http://www.pivotscipub.com/hpgg/2/1/0001/html |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Budaya== === Agama === [[Barkas:Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin Mosque 02.jpg|thumb|Masjid Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien ing [[Brunéi Darussalam]] ing wayah wengi [[Ramadhan]]. Karajan sugih iki nganut Melayu Islam Beraja (''Monarki Islam Melayu'') minangka filosofi nasional wiwit kamardikane ing taun 1984.]] Komunitas Melayu wiwitan umumé [[animisme|animis]], percaya marang anané ''semangat'' (roh) ing saben bab.<ref name="zaki1">{{harvnb|Zaki Ragman|2003|pp=1–6}}</ref> Kira-kira nalika wiwitan jaman umum, agama [[Hindhu]] lan [[Buda]] dikenalake dening para pedagang Asia Kidul menyang Kepulauan Melayu, ing ngendi agama kasebut berkembang nganti abad kaping 13, sadurunge tekane Islam sing digawa dening para pedagang Muslim Arab, Asia Kidul, lan Tiongkok. Ing abad kaping 15, Islam saka sekte [[Sunni]] ortodoks ngrembaka ing jagad Melayu ing jaman Kesultanan Malaka. Beda karo agama [[Hindhu|Hindu]], sing mung ngowahi masyarakat Melayu awal kanthi dangkal, [[Islam]] bisa diarani wis terintegrasi kanthi lengkap menyang urip saben dinane penduduk.<ref name="Syed">{{harvnb|Syed Husin Ali|2008|p=57}}</ref> Wiwit jaman iki, wong Melayu dianggep minangka kelompok etnoreligius lan sacara tradhisional nduweni identifikasi sing cedhak karo Islam{{sfn|Johns|Lahoud|2005|p=157}} lan wiwit kuwi dheweke ora ngganti agama.<ref name="Syed" /> Identitas iki kuwat banget nganti diarani dadi Muslim yaiku ''masuk Melayu'' (mlebu keMelayuan).{{sfn|Andaya|Andaya|1984|p=55}} Sanajan mangkono, kapercayan-kapercayan sadurungé sing duwé oyot sing luwih jero, tetep nglawan kutukan Islam - lan pancen mistisisme [[Sufisme]] wis gegandhèngan ing antarane wong Melayu, karo roh-roh saka jagad animisme sadurungé lan sawetara unsur Hindhu.{{sfn|Winstedt|1925|p=125}} Sawisé taun 1970-an, kebangkitan Islam (uga diarani re-Islamisasi{{sfn|Burgat|2003|p=54}}) ing saindenging jagad Muslim, akèh tradhisi sing dianggep nglanggar ajaran Islam lan ngandhut unsur syirik ditinggalaké déning wong Melayu ing Malaysia, déné ing antarane wong Melayu ing Indhonésia, tradhisi kasebut ora dianggep takhayul lan ngandhut unsur syirik. Ing antarane tradhisi kasebut yaiku festival ''mandi'' safar (adus [[Safar]]), festival [[adus]] kanggo nggayuh kasucian spiritual, sing bisa dideleng fitur-fitur sing padha karo sawetara ing Durga Puja ing India.{{sfn|Bolton|Hutton|2000|p=184}} Akèh-akèhé saka ètnis Melayu modern sing penganut Islam [[Sunni]]<ref>{{cite web |title=The Malay of Malaysia |publisher=Bethany World Prayer Center |url=http://kcm.co.kr/bethany_eng/p_code3/1892.html |access-date=2 Juli 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121010191042/http://kcm.co.kr/bethany_eng/p_code3/1892.html |archive-date=10 Oktober 2012}}</ref> lan riyaya Melayu sing paling penting yaiku sing asalé saka Islam - ''[[Idul Fitri|Hari Raya Aidilfitri]]'', ''[[Idul Adha|Hari Raya Aidiladha]]'', ''[[Muharram|Awal Muharram]]'', lan ''[[Mulud (pahargyan)|Maulidur Rasul]]''. Wong Melayu sing metu saka Islam ing Malaysia lan Brunéi dianggep murtad. Nanging, ana sawetara etnis Melayu sing manggon ing njaba negara-negara kasebut uga wis nganut agama liya kanthi sah miturut hukum. === Arsitèktur === {{See also|Omah Melayu}} [[Gambar:Rumah kedah.gif|thumb|350px|Omah tradhisional Melayu ing [[Kedah]], dihias nganggo panel ukiran khas [[Jasirah Malaka|Semenanjung Melayu]] sisih lor.]] [[Omah Melayu]] nuduhake papan panggonan vernakular wong Melayu, sawijining klompok etno-linguistik sing manggon ing [[Sumatra]], pesisir [[Kalimantan]], lan [[Jasirah Malaka|Semenanjung Malaya]]. Wangun arsitèktur tradhisional, kaya ta atap sing cocog karo gaya tropis lan proporsi sing harmonis kanthi unsur dekoratif dianggep isih nduweni nilai budaya sing gedhe dening akeh wong ing wilayah kasebut. Nanging, bangunan-bangunan iki mbutuhake perawatan sing signifikan dibandhingake karo konstruksi modern; kayata tantangan kanggo njaga bahan utama, kayu, saka efek bosok cuaca tropis uga serangan [[rayap]]. Katrampilan konstruksi vernakular iki saya ilang amarga [[Malaysia]] nerusake proses industrialisasi, dene ing [[Indhonésia]] omah-omah tradhisional kaya ngono isih lestari ing wilayah pedesaan. Senajan transformasi urban ing [[Singapura]] wis ngilangi meh kabeh wilayah urban Melayu, sawetara omah sing nampilake arsitèktur vernakular iki isih lestari, utamane ana ing pulo lepas pantai Pulau Ubin.{{Citation needed|date=Dhésèmber 2022}} Upaya kanggo [[arsitèktur Indonésia|nglestarikake gaya arsitektur asli]] [[Pratélan pulo ing Indonésia|kepulauan Indonesia]] wis ditindakake liwat dokumentasi lan replika kreasi ing paviliun [[panagaraning Indhonésiyah|provinsi]] ing [[Taman Mini Indonésia Indah]], [[Jakarta]]. ===Basa=== [[Barkas:Prasasti Kedukan Bukit 3.jpg|thumb|[[Prasasti Kedukan Bukit]] ditulis nganggo [[aksara Pallawa]]. Wis ana wiwit taun 683, iki minangka salah sawijining artefak tulisan Melayu paling tuwa sing isih ana.]] {{Main|Basa Malayu}} {{See also|Aksara Gundhil}} [[Basa Malayu]] iku salah siji basa sing paling misuwur ing donya, mligine saka kulawarga basa Austronésia. Varian lan dialek [[basa Melayu]] digunakake minangka basa resmi ing [[Brunéi Darussalam]], [[Indhonésia]], [[Malaysia]], lan [[Singapura]]. Basa iki uga dicaturaké ing [[Thai]]land kidul, [[Kapuloan Cocos (Keeling)|Kapuloan Cocos]], [[Pulo Natal]], lan [[Sri Lanka]]. Basa iki dicaturaké déning kurang luwih 33 yuta wong ing sakubengé Kapuloan Melayu lan digunakaké minangka basa kapindho déning kurang luwih 220 yuta wong.{{sfn|Wright|2007|p=492}} Wangun basa Malayu paling tuwa asale saka basa Proto-Malayu-Polinésia sing dituturake dening para pemukim Austronésia paling awal ing [[Asia Kidul-wétan]]. Wangun iki banjur berkembang dadi basa Malayu Kuna nalika budaya lan agama India wiwit nembus wilayah kasebut. Basa Melayu Kuna ngandhut sawetara istilah sing isih ana nganti saiki, nanging tetep ora bisa dimangerteni dening penutur modern, dene basa modern wis umume bisa dikenali ing basa Melayu Klasik tulisan, sing bentuk paling tuwa wiwit taun 1303 Masehi.{{sfn|Teeuw|1959|p=149}} Basa Melayu berkembang dadi basa Malayu Klasik liwat mlebune akeh kosakata [[basa Arab|Arab]] lan [[basa Pèrsi|Pèrsi]] kanthi bertahap nalika Islam mlebu ing wilayah kasebut, lan sajrone proses kasebut ana owah-owahan sing signifikan. Wiwitane, basa Melayu Klasik minangka klompok dialek sing maneka warna, sing nggambarake asal-usul kerajaan-kerajaan Melayu ing Asia Kidul-wétan. Salah sawijining dialek iki, sing dikembangake ing tradhisi sastra Kesultanan Malaka ing abad kaping 15, pungkasane dadi dominan. Jaman Malaka ditandhani karo owah-owahan basa Melayu dadi basa Islam, kaya dene basa Arab, Persia, Urdu, lan Swahili. [[Aksara Arab]] sing diadaptasi sing diarani [[aksara Jawi|Jawi]] digunakake kanggo ngganti [[aksara Kawi]], terminologi agama lan budaya Islam diasimilasi kanthi akeh, mbuwang akeh tembung Hindu-Buddha, lan basa Malayu dadi basa pengantar lan panyebaran Islam ing saindenging wilayah [[Asia Kidul-wétan]]. Ing puncak kekuasaan Malaka ing abad kaping 15, basa Malayu Klasik nyebar ngluwihi jagad penutur basa Melayu tradhisional<ref name="Sneddon 2003 59">{{harvnb|Sneddon|2003|p=59}}</ref> lan ngasilake ''[[basantara|lingua franca]]'' sing diarani ''Bahasa Melayu pasar'' ("Bazaar Melayu") utawa ''Bahasa Melayu rendah'' ("Melayu Endhek"), beda karo ''Bahasa Melayu Tinggi'' ("Melayu Luhur") ing Malaka.{{sfn|Sneddon|2003|p=84}} Lumrahé, basa Melayu Bazaar iku basa pidgin lan perkembangan sing paling penting yaiku basa pidgin dikreolisasi, sing nggawé sawetara basa anyar kaya ta [[basa Malayu Ambon]], [[basa Malayu Manado|Malayu Manado]], lan [[basa Batawi]].{{sfn|Sneddon|2003|p=60}} Para panulis [[Éropa]] ing abad kaping 17 lan 18, kaya ta Tavernier, Thomassin lan Werndly nggambarake basa Malayu minangka "''basa para wong pinter ing kabeh Hindia, kaya [[basa Latin]] ing Eropa''".{{sfn|Sweeney|1987}} Iki uga sing paling akeh digunakake nalika jaman penjajahan Inggris lan Walanda ing Kepulauan Melayu.{{sfn|Van der Putten|Cody|2009|p=55}} Kosok baline katon ing Hindia Timur Spanyol, ing ngendi latinisasi massal ing kepulauan kasebut sajrone taun-taun kolonial nyebabake kudeta historis basa Malayu ing Filipina. Dialek Kesultanan Johor, penerus langsung Malaka, dadi basa standar ing antarane wong Melayu ing [[Singapura]] lan [[Malaysia]], lan iki dadi dhasar asli kanggo [[basa Indhonésia]] sing wis distandardisasi.<ref name="Sneddon 2003 59"/>{{sfn|Wong|1973|p=126}}{{sfn|Clyne|1992|p=413}}{{sfn|Brown|Ogilvie|2009|p=678}} Saliyané basa Malayu standar, sing dikembangaké ing lingkungan Malaka-Johor, ana uga manéka dialek Melayu lokal. Contone, wong [[basa Bangka|Bangka]], Brunéi, [[basa Melayu Jambi|Jambi]], [[basa Malayu Kelantan-Petani|Kelantan]], Kedah, Negeri Sembilan, [[basa Palémbang|Palémbang]], [[Basa Malayu Kelantan-Petani|Pattan]], Sarawak, [[Basa Malayu Trengganu|Terengganu]], lan liya-liyane. Basa Malayu sacara historis ditulis nganggo [[aksara Pallawa]], [[aksara Kawi|Kawi]], lan [[aksara Réncong|Réncong]]. Sawisé tekané Islam, [[aksara Jawi]] sing adhedhasar basa Arab diadopsi lan isih digunakaké nganti saiki minangka salah siji saka rong aksara resmi ing [[Brunéi Darussalam]] lan minangka aksara alternatif ing [[Malaysia]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Kedah MB defends use of Jawi on signboards |work=The Star |year=2008 |url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2008/8/26/nation/22168989&sec=nation |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121029105406/http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2008%2F8%2F26%2Fnation%2F22168989&sec=nation |archive-date=29 Oktober 2012 }}</ref> Wiwit abad kaping 17, minangka akibat saka penjajahan Inggris lan Walanda, aksara Jawi mboko sithik diganti karo aksara Rumi<ref>{{cite web |title=Malay (Bahasa Melayu / بهاس ملايو) |website=Omniglot |url=http://www.omniglot.com/writing/malay.htm |access-date=2 Juli 2026 |archive-date=26 Juni 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190626115200/http://www.omniglot.com/writing/malay.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> sing adhedhasar Latin sing pungkasane dadi aksara modern resmi kanggo [[basa Malayu]] ing [[Malaysia]], [[Singapura]], lan [[Indhonésia]], lan aksara resmi ing [[Brunéi Darussalam]]. === Musik === {{Main|Musik Melayu}} [[Musik Melayu]] iku sawijining [[genre musik]] [[lagu dhaèrah|tradhisional]] sing asale lan berkembang ing pesisir wétan [[Sumatra]], [[Kalimantan]], lan [[Jasirah Malaka|Semenanjung Malaya]].<ref>Sahputra, T. W. H., Martarosa, & Warhat, Z. (2019). ''[https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/408383-musik-jazz-melayu-dalam-kajian-kreativit-7b989836.pdf Musik jazz Melayu dalam kajian kreativitas]''. ''Melayu Arts and Performance Journal'', 2(2), 191–200. </ref> [[Musik]] iki biasane dinyanyekake dening wong-wong saka etnis Melayu lan asring diiringi tarian khas Melayu lokal, contone nawakake tarian ing acara utawa pesta tradhisional, nampani tamu kehormatan, lan ing kegiatan keagamaan.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Purba|first=Junaidi|last2=Putri|first2=Sabrina Maulidia|last3=Nelson|first3=Ricky|last4=Silaban|first4=Cahyani Yesika br|last5=Ridho|first5=Muhammad Habibur|last6=Andika|first6=Riki|last7=Sitorus|first7=Christina Harianti|last8=Sa|first8=Maulidha|last9=Dardanila|url=https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/TRANSFORMATION_OF_TRADITIONAL_ARTS_RESPO/mtaeEQAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=0|title=TRANSFORMATION OF TRADITIONAL ARTS: RESPONDING TO THE CHALLENGES OF THE TIMES|publisher=Mawadra Lestari Enterprise|isbn=978-629-95611-1-8|pages=62|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Asbullah|first=Habib|last2=Rizkia|first2=Ayu|last3=Batrisya|last4=Julianto|first4=Deldi|last5=Pangestu|first5=Dimas|last6=Rania|first6=Dinda Safira|last7=Miranti|first7=Dwi|last8=Afrillia|first8=Ega|last9=Irianto|first9=Ega Deni|url=https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Mengabadikan_Riau_Buku_I/WXsgEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=0|title=Mengabadikan Riau: Buku I: Antologi Esai Kebudayaan|publisher=Penerbit Pustaka Rumah C1nta|isbn=978-623-7961-67-3|pages=95|language=id|url-status=live}}</ref> Sing menarik saka [[genre musik]] iki yaiku komposisine sing kasusun saka lirik lagu sing ngemot puisi sing diadaptasi karo urip saben dina, katresnan (kaya Dondang Sayang) lan kebak piwulang (pesen moral), kebak swara utawa vokal cengkok khas [[Melayu]], lan aransemen musik sing disusun kanthi rapi. Bebarengan karo perkembangan jaman, musik Melayu uga ngalami owah-owahan gaya musik, contone, musik iki uga ngalami fusi karo [[musik pop]], [[musik rock|rock]], lan [[dangdut]]. Aliran iki bisa ditemokaké ing negara-negara sing ana gandhèngané karo Melayu, kaya ta [[Indhonésia]], [[Malaysia]], [[Singapura]], lan [[Brunéi Darussalam]]. Ing wiwitan perkembangane, instrumen musik sing digunakake didominasi dening aksi [[rebana]] sing diarani Kompang saka [[Kabupatèn Panaraga|Ponorogo]], petik gambus, gesekan [[piyul]], nabuh akordeon, swara [[gong]], lan tiupan [[serunai]]. Iki dipengaruhi dening [[budaya]] tanah Arab lan [[Éropa]] tradisional. Bebarengan karo perkembangan teknologi, kabeh iki wis diganti karo instrumen musik elektronik awujud keyboard. Nanging, ing kegiatan tartamtu, instrumen musik tradisional isih digunakake kanggo nglestarikake warisan budaya. Ing perkembangane, gerakan iki populer ing taun 80-an lan malah mlebu era "puncak kejayaan" ing taun 90-an. Iki ditandhani karo tambah akeh penyanyi lan [[marchingband|band]] Melayu, lan pendatang anyar sing muncul kanthi lagu-lagu andalan dhewe. === Seni pertunjukan === [[Barkas:Joget Gamelan 1937.jpg|thumb|Pagelaran Joget Gamelan, 1937]] Wong Melayu duwé maneka warna musik lan tari sing minangka gabungan saka macem-macem pengaruh budaya. Genre-genre sing khas wiwit saka tari rakyat Melayu tradhisional kaya ta Mak Yong nganti tari Zapin sing dipengaruhi Arab. Gerakan koreografi uga maneka warna, saka langkah lan melodi sing prasaja ing Dikir barat nganti gerakan sing rumit ing Joget Gamelan. Musik tradhisional Melayu umumé musik perkusi. Maneka warna [[gong]] nyedhiyakake irama kanggo akeh tarian. Ana uga [[drum]] kanthi maneka warna ukuran, wiwit saka ''rebana ubi'' gedhe sing digunakake kanggo nandhani acara penting nganti ''rebana cilik'' (kendhang pigura) sing digunakake minangka iringan kanggo pengajian vokal ing upacara keagamaan.{{sfn|Moore|1998|p=48}} [[Barkas:KITLV - 3676 - Lambert & Co., G.R. - Singapore - Mahjong dance and drama at Penang Island - circa 1903.tif|thumb|left|Sakumpulan penari Melayu Siam sing nampilake Mak Yong (kira-kira abad kaping 19). Ing taun 2005, iki diakoni minangka salah sawijining karya agung warisan lisan lan ora nyata manungsa dening [[UNESCO]].]] Musik nobat dadi bagéan saka Regalia Kraton Melayu wiwit tekané Islam ing abad kaping 12 lan mung ditampilaké ing upacara-upacara penting kraton. Orkestrane kalebu instrumen suci lan dihormati banget yaiku ''nehara'' ([[kendang]]), ''gendang'' (kendang sirah loro), ''nafiri'' (trompet), ''[[serunai]]'' (oboe), lan kadhangkala gong kenop lan sepasang simbal.{{sfn|Marshall Cavendish|2007|p=1220}} Pengaruh India kuwat banget ing drama bayangan tradisional sing dikenal minangka [[wayang kulit|Wayang Kulit]], ing ngendi crita-crita saka epik [[Hindhu]]; [[Ramayana]] & [[Mahabharata]] dadi repertoar utama. Ana papat jinis teater wayang sing khas sing bisa ditemokake ing Semenanjung Malaya; ''Wayang Gedek'', ''Wayang Purwa'', ''Wayang Melayu'' lan ''Wayang Siam''.{{sfn|Srinivasa|2003|p=296}}{{sfn|Ghulam Sarwar Yousof|1997|p=3}}{{sfn|Matusky|1993|pp=8–11}} Sanajan mangkono, seni lan crita ''Wayang Purwa'' lan ''Wayang Siam'' nuduhake pengaruh regional sing nyawiji karo wong Jawa lan Siam, dene ''Wayang Melayu'' lan ''Wayang Gedek'' nyritakake bentuk lan busana Melayu sing luwih asli. Seni pertunjukan Melayu liyane sing kondhang yaiku; Teater ''[[Bangsawan]]'', ''Dondang Sayang'' seneng balada lan tari ''Mak Inang'' saka Kasultanan Malaka, ''Jikey'' lan ''Mek Mulung'' saka [[Kedah]], tari ''Asyik'' lan drama tari ''Menora'' saka Patani lan [[Kelantan]], Tari ''Ulek mayang'' lan ''Rodat'' saka [[Trengganu]], Teater ''Boria'' saka [[pulo Pinang|Penang]], Tari ''Canggung'' saka Perlis, Lagu-lagu narasi ''Mukun'' saka [[Brunéi Darussalam]] lan [[Sarawak]],{{sfn|Marzuki bin Haji Mohd Seruddin|2009}}<ref name="Ahmad Salehuddin 2009">{{harvnb|Ahmad Salehuddin|2009}}</ref> lan [[Gending Sriwijaya]] saka [[Kutha Palémbang|Palémbang]], lan ''Serampang Dua Belas'' saka Serdang.<ref name="Ahmad Salehuddin 2009"/> Zapin Api firedance saka [[Riau]] lan Dikir barat Singapura saka [[Singapura]]. === Seni rupa === [[Barkas:Burung Petala Indera I.png|thumb|Burung Petala Indra, manuk mitos raksasa sing digawe kanggo parade [[tetak|sunat]] agung pangeran [[Kelantan]].]] Seni ukir kayu minangka bagéyan saka [[seni rupa|seni visual]] Melayu klasik. Wong Melayu sacara tradhisional nghias monumen, prau, senjata, makam, alat musik, lan piranti-piranti kuna kanthi motif flora, kaligrafi, geometri, lan fitur kosmik. Seni iki ditindakake kanthi mbusak sebagian kayu nganggo piranti sing landhep lan ngetutake pola, komposisi, lan urutan tartamtu. Bentuk seni iki, sing dikenal minangka ''ukir'', dianggep minangka tumindak pengabdian para pengrajin marang sing nitahake lan hadiah kanggo sesamane.{{sfn|Said|2005}} Bentuk seni iki utamane disebabake dening akehe kayu ing Kepulauan Melayu lan uga dening katrampilan para pengukir kayu sing ngidini wong Melayu praktik ngukir kayu minangka kerajinan. Latar tropis alami ing ngendi flora lan fauna akeh wis menehi inspirasi kanggo motif kanggo digambarake kanthi bentuk abstrak utawa bergaya ing papan kayu. Kanthi rawuhe Islam, bentuk geometris lan kaligrafi Islam dikenalake ing ukiran kayu. Kayu sing digunakake biasane saka spesies kayu atos tropis sing dikenal awet lan bisa tahan serangan jamur, kumbang sepatu bot listrik, lan rayap.{{sfn|Said|2002}} Omah-omah tradhisional Melayu utawa masjid biasane dihiasi nganggo luwih saka 20 ukiran. Ukiran ing tembok lan panel ngidini angin sirkulasi kanthi efektif mlebu lan metu saka bangunan lan bisa ngidini sinar srengenge madhangi njero struktur kasebut. Ing wektu sing padha, bayangan sing digawe dening panel uga bakal nggawe bayangan adhedhasar motif sing nambah kaendahan ing lantai. Dadi, komponen sing diukir nduweni fungsi fungsional lan estetika. === Sandhangan tradhisional === [[Barkas:Busana Melayu.jpg|thumb|Wong lanang Melayu ing ''busana Melayu'', gaya tradhisional busana Melayu]] Sandhangan lan tekstil tradhisional Melayu wis terus owah wiwit jaman kuna. Sacara historis, wong Melayu kuna dicathet nggabungake maneka warna bahan alami minangka sumber penting kanggo kain, sandhangan, lan sandhangan. Nanging ing jaman biyen, nalika para pedagang awal teka saka wetan lan kulon menyang pelabuhan Kepulauan Melayu, padha bebarengan tuku barang-barang mewah anyar, kalebu katun lan sutra sing apik. Sandhangan kasebut banjur dadi sumber mode Melayu sing dhuwur lan nduweni peran budaya minangka identitas sing ngiket ing Nusantara, utamane ing semenanjung, Sumatra lan wilayah pesisir Kalimantan.{{sfn|Hassan|2016}} Ing budaya Melayu, sandhangan lan tekstil dianggep minangka simbol kaendahan, kekuasaan, lan status. Akeh cathetan ing hikayat Melayu nandheske papan khusus sing dikuwasani tekstil.{{sfn|Maznah Mohammad|1996|p=2}} Industri tenun tangan Melayu bisa dilacak asal-usule wiwit abad kaping 13 nalika jalur perdagangan wétan berkembang ing jaman Dinasti Song. Sebutan babagan tekstil gawean lokal uga dominasi tenunan ing [[Jasirah Malaka]] digawe ing macem-macem cathetan Tiongkok lan Arab.{{sfn|Maznah Mohammad|1996|p=19}} Antarane tekstil Melayu sing kondhang yaiku [[Songkèt]], [[Bathik]], ''Telepok'', ''Limar'', ''Tenun'', ''Kelingkam'', ''Cindai'', ''Pelangi'' lan ''Tekad''. Sandhangan Melayu klasik maneka warna ing saben wilayah, nanging sandhangan tradisional sing paling jero ing jaman saiki yaiku Baju Kurung (kanggo wanita) lan Baju Melayu (kanggo pria), sing loro-lorone diakoni minangka sandhangan nasional kanggo [[Malaysia]] lan [[Brunéi Darussalam]], lan uga dienggo dening komunitas Melayu ing [[Indhonésia]], [[Singapura]], [[Filipina]], [[Myanmar]] lan [[Thai]]land. [[Barkas:HariRayaMalaykids.jpg|thumb|left|Bocah-bocah Melayu nganggo klambi adat nalika [[Idul Fitri]]]] Tembung ''Baju Kurung'', sing sacara sastra ditegesi minangka "mbunteli awak" sing nganggo, dirancang adhedhasar prinsip-prinsip Islam babagan kesopanan, wicaksana, lan andhap asor. Praktek iki padha karo doktrin agama Yahudi-Kristen, amarga memamerkan bagian awak sing intim dianggep dilarang ing Islam. Interpretasi kasebut banjur diserap menyang cara berpakaian lan perspektif budaya Melayu, iki bisa dideleng kanthi cetha nalika pamrentahan Mansur Shah saka Malaka ing abad kaping 15, sultan nglarang rakyat Muslim wanita ing ngarep umum supaya ora mung nganggo sarung saka dhadha mudhun. Sajrone jaman biyen, Baju Kurung Melayu ngalami sawetara reinkarnasi sadurunge njupuk wujud kaya saiki. Amarga jembare maneka warna karajan Melayu ing Nuswantara, pola desain Baju Kurung uga bisa dideleng ing wilayah kasebut, kalebu [[Bengkulu]], [[Kedah]], [[Jambi]], Johor-Riau, Pahang lan [[Kutha Palémbang|Palémbang]].{{sfn|Hassan|2016}} Mode Baju Kurung sing cocog kanggo wong lanang diarani "Baju Melayu". Bagean ndhuwur sandhangan digawe kanthi desain geometris sing meh padha karo Baju Kurung lan umume dipasangake karo kain tenun sing dikenal minangka sarung. Pola sarung bisa uga kalebu simbol status perkawinan wong kasebut utawa pangkate ing masyarakat Melayu tradhisional.{{sfn|Hassan|2016}} Sandhangan Melayu klasik umum liyané kanggo wong lanang kalebu ''baju'' (klambi) utawa ''tekua'' (jinis klambi lengen dawa), ''baju rompi'' (rompi), ''kancing'', ''celana'' pendek (celana sikil cilik), [[sarung]] sing dienggo ing pinggul, ''capal'' (sandal), lan ''tanjak'' utawa ''tengkolok'' (tutup sirah); kanggo para bangsawan, ''baju sikap'' utawa ''baju layang'' (jinis jas) lan ''pending'' (gesper sabuk hias) uga sinonim kanggo dienggo minangka sandhangan resmi. Uga lumrah yen ''Pendekar'' (prajurit Melayu) nduweni [[keris]] sing diselipake ing lipatan ngarep sarung. Beda karo Baju Melayu sing isih dienggo mung minangka sandhangan upacara, Baju Kurung dienggo saben dina sajrone setaun dening mayoritas wanita Melayu. Katon pegawai negeri sipil wanita, pekerja profesional, lan mahasiswa nganggo Baju Kurung iku lumrah ing [[Malaysia]] lan [[Brunéi Darussalam]]. ==Sub-ètnis== {{Uga deleng|Wong Melayu Malaysia|Wong Melayu Indhonésia}} ==Deleng uga== * [[Donya Melayu]] * [[Omah Melayu]] ==Cathetan suku== {{Reflist}} ==Pranala njaba== {{stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Melayu}} [[Kategori:Melayu|*]] [[Kategori:Suku bangsa ing Malaysia]] [[Kategori:Suku bangsa ing Indonesia]] [[Kategori:Golongan ètnik ing Indonésia]] [[Kategori:Golongan ètnik ing Malaysia]] {{Featured article}} {{Authority control}} njan04vi7oq92u2tkr6fm2kuwxd571k 4 165026 1755899 1755858 2026-08-31T20:52:31Z MediaWiki message delivery 19967 /* Berita Teknis: 2026-36 */ pérangan anyar 1755899 wikitext text/x-wiki {{/Pambuka}} <div style="display: none;"> {{Naraguna:LabdajiwaBot/konfig arsip |archive = Wikipédia:Angkringan Warta/Arsip %(year)d |algo = old(30d) |counter = 1 |minthreadsleft = 0 |minthreadstoarchive = 1 }} </div> == ''The Signpost'': 2 August 2026 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''</div> <div style="column-count:2;"> * In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-08-02/In the media|Union drive, most prolific editor make headlines]] * News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-08-02/News and notes|Foundation rejects voluntary recognition of union, proposed board eligibility rules sharply restrict candidates]] * WikiConference: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-08-02/WikiConference|"Kurier, Signpost, wikipress: You can be a Wikimedia journalist" - Wikimania presentation by User:Noé Recap]] * In focus: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-08-02/In focus|Is Larry Sanger the co-founder of Wikipedia?]] * Arbitration report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-08-02/Arbitration report|Think, and not just about content]] * News from Diff: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-08-02/News from Diff|Meet the Wikimedians of the Year 2026!]] * On the bright side: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-08-02/On the bright side|The beautiful game]] * Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-08-02/Traffic report|Odyssey and Oyarzabal]] * Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-08-02/Comix|Well-spotted]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 2 Agustus 2026 10.18 (UTC) <!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --></div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:JPxG@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&oldid=30775662 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-32</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W32"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/32|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Tim Pengalaman Pembaca]] telah mengembangkan sebuah ''[https://82db7c8d4b.catalyst.wmcloud.org/w/index.php?title=Regent%27s_Park&uselang=de patch demo]'' yang mengatur agar bilah perkakas halaman ditampilkan dalam dua baris ketika ruang horizontal tidak mencukupi untuk menampung seluruh tombol. Perubahan ini bertujuan mengurangi kesan sesak pada bilah perkakas Vector 2022, yang dapat terjadi di beberapa Wikipedia dalam berbagai bahasa pada lebar layar tertentu. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T429518] * Tim Pengalaman Pembaca berencana meluncurkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Daftar Bacaan]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Mobile and apps/Have Apps reading lists available on Destop/Mobile|salah satu usulan dalam Daftar Harapan Komunitas]], sebagai fitur penuh pada bulan September. Saat ini, fitur tersebut sudah dapat dicoba melalui versi beta. Menjelang peluncurannya, dibutuhkan bantuan para penerjemah sukarelawan untuk menerjemahkan [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=ext-readinglists&filter=&action=translate pesan-pesan antarmuka] ke berbagai bahasa. Fitur ini dirancang untuk mendukung kegiatan membaca sekaligus membantu pengguna mencapai tujuan pembelajaran mereka di Wikipedia. * Mulai pekan depan, daftar isi pada halaman berkas di Wikimedia Commons akan disempurnakan dengan menggabungkan daftar isi khusus halaman berkas ke dalam daftar isi utama halaman. Perubahan ini akan memudahkan pengguna memahami struktur halaman berkas, berpindah ke bagian tertentu dengan lebih mudah, dan membagikan pranala yang langsung mengarah ke bagian yang diinginkan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332644] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:24}} {{PLURAL:24|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah yang menyebabkan sebagian gambar berformat [[w:TIFF|TIFF]] gagal dimuat setelah keluku (''thumbnail'') diklik, sehingga yang tampil hanyalah gambar rusak, bukan gambar berukuran penuh, kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T429326] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Pemilih variabel dan fungsi pada AbuseFilter kini telah diperbarui dengan dukungan pencarian dan pelengkapan otomatis (''autocomplete''). Pembaruan ini memungkinkan para pengelola penyaring menemukan variabel atau fungsi yang diinginkan dengan lebih cepat. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T323698] * Format video MJPEG dan VP8 telah dihapus dari pemutar video. Sebagai penggantinya, kini ditambahkan dukungan untuk format MP4 (MPEG-4 Part 2) yang mampu menyajikan video dengan kualitas lebih baik pada perangkat iPhone generasi lama. Proses pembaruan terhadap seluruh video yang sudah ada akan dilakukan secara bertahap dan diperkirakan memerlukan waktu beberapa pekan hingga semuanya selesai diperbarui. Sementara itu, format bawaan yang digunakan untuk perangkat modern tetap tidak berubah, yaitu VP9/WebM. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358266] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.15|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/32|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W32"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 3 Agustus 2026 19.45 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30872536 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-33</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W33"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/33|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Daftar keinginan]] Kini [[c:Special:ChartWizard/Data:Example.Pie.chart|tersedia ChartWizard baru di Wikimedia Commons]] bagi pengguna yang ingin membuat bagan dari data mereka sendiri. Fitur ini membuat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|ekstensi Chart]] lebih ramah bagi pemula karena memungkinkan penyunting membuat berbagai jenis bagan, seperti bagan batang dan bagan pai, tanpa perlu menulis kode JSON. Bagi pengguna yang lebih memilih cara tersebut, tersedia pula opsi untuk beralih ke penyunting JSON kapan saja. Masukan dan tanggapan mengenai perkakas baru ini sangat diharapkan melalui [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist/W414|halaman pembicaraan usulan terkait]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:19}} {{PLURAL:19|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Salah satu contohnya adalah perbaikan pada gawit Gambar Pilihan Hari Ini di aplikasi Wikipedia untuk iOS. Sebelumnya, gawit tersebut menampilkan gambar yang sama setiap hari alih-alih memperbaruinya secara harian. Masalah tersebut kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T430692] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Gambar SVG untuk [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Math|rumus matematika]] tidak lama lagi akan dihasilkan secara langsung di sisi peramban, bukan lagi di sisi peladen. Sementara itu, MathML akan tetap dibuat di peladen dan ditampilkan di peramban tanpa memerlukan JavaScript. Perubahan ini akan mulai diterapkan di Wikibooks pada 12 Agustus, di Wikisource pada 19 Agustus, dan di Wikipedia secara bertahap antara 20–27 Agustus. Anda dapat mencobanya lebih awal dengan memilih opsi "Penerapan MathJax di sisi klien" ("''Client side MathJax rendering''") di preferensi. Perubahan ini merupakan bagian dari [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/RESTBase/deprecation|penghentian penggunaan RESTBase]] dan [[phab:T431372|Mathoid]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T271001] * <span class="mw-translate-fuzzy">Halaman kategori akan segera mendukung pengurutan entri berdasarkan waktu saat halaman tersebut ditambahkan ke dalam kategori. Fitur ini akan mempermudah penyunting menemukan halaman yang baru saja dikategorikan maupun yang telah lama berada dalam kategori tersebut. Selain itu, alur kerja untuk kategori pemeliharaan, seperti daftar tunggu penghapusan dan berbagai tugas peninjauan yang bergantung pada urutan waktu, juga akan menjadi lebih efisien. Untuk menggunakan fitur ini, tambahkan argumen URL <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>cldsort=timestamp</nowiki></code></bdi> pada tampilan kategori agar daftar diurutkan berdasarkan stempel waktu penambahannya.</span> [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433768] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets|Gawai]] dan skrip pengguna di wiki Wikimedia kini dapat memanfaatkan [[phab:T395347|fitur-fitur ES2018]] dan [[phab:T419142|ES2019]] dalam kode JavaScript. Sebelumnya, platform ini hanya mendukung hingga ES2017. MediaWiki akan tetap memvalidasi kode sumber untuk melindungi fungsionalitas dari kesalahan sintaksis dan memastikan bahwa skrip tetap berjalan dengan baik di seluruh [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Compatibility#Browser_support_matrix|peramban yang didukung]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419142] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.16|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/33|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W33"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 10 Agustus 2026 20.44 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30901051 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': July 2026 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2026|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XVI, Issue VII, July 2026</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2026/Contents/From the team|From the team]]: July and Wikimania Have Come and Gone * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2026/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Strategic Workshops, Academic Publications, and Bidding Farewell to NeuroMat * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2026/Contents/Colombia report|Colombia report]]: Colombia at Wikimania 2026: panel on how the far-right affects open knowledge institutions * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2026/Contents/Egypt report|Egypt report]]: From Al-Ahram to Zamalek: Exploring Archives and Art Galleries * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2026/Contents/France report|France report]]: GLAM Presentations at Wikimania 2026 + Wiki Fashion Show * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2026/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Launch of Wikifying a Conference handbook; Wikipedia Workshop at Te Toi Uku * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2026/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: GLAM-Wiki partnerships continue opening collections * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2026/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: At Wikimania and copyright process * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2026/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Faces and Masks - the interwoven relation, Wikimania Paris * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2026/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Wikimania report + New articles in Hindi * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2026/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: GLAM USA Report (Past & Upcoming) * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2026/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: Updates on work by BHLWiki Working Group members * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2026/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: Academic paper in preparation * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2026/Contents/Wiki Knowledge Park report|Wiki Knowledge Park report]]: Preserving Islamic Cultural Heritage: The GLAM and Metadata Impact of Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2026/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: August's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2026/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 12 Agustus 2026 00.03 (UTC)</div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Romaine@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=30901934 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-34</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W34"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/34|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Worklist|Fitur Daftar Kerja]] perkakas Pendaftaran Acara kini telah tersedia di seluruh wiki Wikimedia. Dengan fitur ini, penyelenggara acara dapat menambahkan artikel-artikel yang akan menjadi fokus acara mereka langsung ke halaman acara. Daftar Kerja juga menjadi dasar bagi fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Worklist#How Event Pathways uses the worklist|Jalur Acara]], yang akan memberi tahu kontributor lain mengenai acara yang akan berlangsung atau sedang berlangsung ketika mereka menyunting artikel yang tercantum dalam Daftar Kerja acara tersebut. Ini merupakan versi minimum yang layak digunakan (MVP), sehingga masukan dari pengguna sangat diharapkan. Para penyelenggara dianjurkan untuk mencoba fitur ini. Pelatihan praktik [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Worklist Setup Workshop: Get Your Event Ready|Lokakarya Penyiapan Daftar Kerja]] akan diselenggarakan pada 18 Agustus pukul 16.00 UTC dan 19 Agustus pukul 11.00 UTC. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[Special:ShortPages]] menampilkan halaman-halaman pendek berdasarkan ukurannya. Namun, dalam banyak kasus, halaman tersebut dipenuhi halaman disambiguasi dan pengalihan lunak sehingga artikel-artikel pendek yang sebenarnya menjadi lebih sulit ditemukan. Mulai akhir pekan ini, Anda dapat memilih untuk tidak memasukkan suatu artikel ke halaman khusus tersebut dengan menambahkan kata magis <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>__EXPECTSHORTPAGE__</nowiki></code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433203] * Telah dirilis sebuah wiki baru: {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/id}} dalam [[d:Q3436680|bahasa Bole]] ([[w:bol:|<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>w:bol:</nowiki></code></bdi>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T429921] * Mulai pekan 17 Agustus, bilah perkakas halaman akan ditampilkan dalam dua baris apabila ruang horizontal yang tersedia tidak mencukupi untuk menampilkan seluruh tombol. Perubahan ini merupakan tambalan yang telah [[phab:T429518|sepenuhnya digabungkan dari tim Pengalaman Pembaca]] dan bertujuan mengurangi kepadatan pada bilah perkakas Vector 2022, yang dapat terjadi pada beberapa Wikipedia dalam bahasa tertentu pada lebar layar tertentu. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:16}} {{PLURAL:16|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, pengunggahan berkas berukuran besar ke Wikimedia Commons kini menjadi lebih stabil dan lebih jarang mengalami kegagalan setelah sejumlah perbaikan dilakukan terhadap galat pengunggahan "''Could not acquire lock''". [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386640] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Dukungan Jangka Panjang (''Long Term Support'') Debian Bullseye akan berakhir pada 31 Agustus 2026. [[phab:T434103|Sejumlah proyek Cloud VPS]] masih memiliki instans yang menjalankan Debian Bullseye. Pengelola proyek-proyek tersebut dianjurkan untuk bermigrasi ke Debian Bookworm atau Debian Trixie. Tersedia [[wikitech:Help:Cloud VPS instance operating system migration|panduan migrasi]] untuk membantu proses tersebut. Pengguna juga dapat mempertimbangkan apakah beban kerja mereka lebih sesuai dijalankan di Toolforge. Jika Anda memerlukan bantuan atau tidak dapat menyelesaikan migrasi sebelum 31 Agustus, silakan hubungi pengurus Cloud VPS sesegera mungkin. [[listarchive:list/cloud-announce@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/RVIPQSYLKMSL5M46JP6NEJVGVE6I2RXQ/|Baca selengkapnya]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.16|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/34|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W34"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17 Agustus 2026 21.02 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30922806 --> == Growth/Newsletters/36 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Growth team logo - Icon only.svg|right|180px|frameless|class=skin-invert]] ''Updates from the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth|Growth]] team on our work to improve the new editor experience.'' === Recent releases === ====Account creation experiments==== Several [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|experiments to increase successful account creation]] have delivered significant results. * An updated message shown to logged-out mobile users who try to edit produced a 27% relative increase in account creation and is being scaled to all wikis. ([[phab:T424595|T424595]]) * A new account menu button in the mobile web header, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#Experiment Results: Mobile Web Account Menu|A/B tested across five Wikipedias with nearly 8 million participants]], made logged-out mobile users 25% more likely to create an account, with no significant difference in constructive editing behavior. ([[phab:T428220|T428220]]) *A simpler post-edit dialog for temporary account holders increased permanent account creation by 87% (relative), converting more temp editors into registered ones. ([[phab:T416418|T416418]])[[File:Create account - July 2026 updates.png|thumb|The redesigned account creation form increases registration by a relative 24.4%]] *We also redesigned the account creation form itself ([[phab:T409236|T409236]]): adding real-time username validation, a concise summary of the username policy, a "reveal password" option, and a simplified design aligned with [[wmdoc:codex/latest|Codex]] guidelines. In an A/B test on English Wikipedia mobile, users who saw the redesigned form created permanent accounts at a rate of 20.4%, compared to 16.4% for the control group (a 24.4% relative increase). ====Revise Tone structured task==== [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Revise Tone|Revise Tone]] helps newcomers identify passages that may contain non-encyclopedic language and guides them through revising the tone. In A/B testing on Arabic, English, French, and Portuguese Wikipedias, newcomer task completion rates were [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Revise Tone#Experiment Results|38.7% higher]] than the default Copyedit task, with no decrease in edit quality. The test ended July 9, and the feature is now available to everyone on these wikis, configurable via Community Configuration. [[phab:T426364|We plan]] to release Revise Tone to more wikis. ====Automated mentor list cleanup==== Communities can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship#Automated mentor list cleanup|automatically mark inactive mentors as ''away'' or remove them from mentorship entirely]] (which automatically reassigns their mentees). Inactivity is based on edits, and talk page responses count, so mentors answering mentee questions remain active. We recommend enabling both options together; administrators can enable them via [[Special:CommunityConfiguration]] and review the mentor list at [[Special:ManageMentors]]. ====Growth features for Wikidata==== Growth features are [[phab:T400937|now available at Wikidata]], including a simplified Newcomer Homepage, Mentorship, the Impact module, Community Updates and the Help Panel. === Work in progress === [[File:Home designs labeled.png|thumb|Early concepts for evolving the Newcomer Homepage into a personalized 'Home' that grows with contributors.]] ====Home==== The Growth and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools|Moderator Tools]] teams are developing [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Home|Home]] ([[phabricator:T419358|T419358]]): a unified, personalized landing page intended to replace the Newcomer Homepage. Rather than remaining a newcomer-only feature, Home will evolve with users as they gain experience, surfacing Suggested Edits, edits to review, and moderation workflows at the right moment. === Research === The [https://research.wikimedia.org/ Wikimedia Research team], in partnership with the Growth Team, published findings from two projects on how new editors learn and integrate into the community: * [[m:Research:Understanding_newcomer_mentorship_on_Wikipedia|Understanding newcomer mentorship on Wikipedia]] * [[m:Research:Successful_Newcomers_Survey_2025#Results|Successful Newcomers Survey]] ''<small>'''[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters|Growth team's newsletter]]''' prepared by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth|the Growth team]] and posted by [[m:User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[mw:Talk:Growth|Give feedback]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/Growth team updates|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].</small>'' </div> 18 Agustus 2026 13.17 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Growth_team_updates&oldid=30870183 --> == ''The Signpost'': 24 August 2026 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''</div> <div style="column-count:2;"> * News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-08-24/News and notes|Union process progresses, unanswered questions about Littler Mendelson remain]] * In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-08-24/In the media|Wikipedia editors save Sam Altman's life]] * Recent research: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-08-24/Recent research|Women in blue? Wikipedia's gender gap reverses in some areas]] * Discussion report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-08-24/Discussion report|Again and Again]] * Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-08-24/Traffic report|Look out, here comes the Spider-Man!]] * Humour: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-08-24/Humour|Her tastes, her Wikimania, her upcoming tour... Baby Globe reveals everything]] * On the bright side: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-08-24/On the bright side|The great outdoors]] * Opinion: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-08-24/Opinion|Are we embarrassed yet?]] * Special report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-08-24/Special report|Paris Syndrome: Labor Strife, AI Anxiety, and a Leadership Test at Wikimania 2026]] * Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-08-24/Comix|WP:FAOWN]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 24 Agustus 2026 01.25 (UTC) <!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --></div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Bri@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&oldid=30889666 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-35</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W35"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/35|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Halaman [[Special:CreateAccount|Istimewa:Buat akun]] telah disederhanakan sebagai bagian dari upaya berkelanjutan untuk memodernisasi pengalaman pembuatan akun. Panel yang menampilkan statistik proyek kini tidak lagi muncul di samping formulir, baik pada tampilan web desktop maupun seluler. Berbagai eksperimen pembuatan akun menunjukkan bahwa formulir yang lebih sederhana membantu pendatang baru menyelesaikan proses pendaftaran. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433783] * Untuk meningkatkan kinerja halaman, gambar kini dimuat ketika gambar tersebut ditampilkan atau dilihat oleh pembaca. Dengan demikian, gambar yang berada lebih jauh di bagian bawah suatu artikel tidak akan dimuat apabila pembaca tidak pernah menggulir hingga ke bagian tersebut. Perubahan ini dapat memengaruhi sejumlah metrik yang berkaitan dengan gambar. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T148047] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:42}} {{PLURAL:42|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Contohnya adalah masalah yang menyebabkan keluku pada Wikipedia Abstrak tidak dapat ditampilkan setelah berkas terkait dipindahkan di Wikimedia Commons. Masalah tersebut kini telah diperbaiki. Keluku akan diperbarui dengan benar ketika berkas dipindahkan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433448] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Kartu Informasi Pengguna adalah fitur yang membantu para pengawas melihat informasi mengenai akun pengguna. Selama ini, fitur tersebut hanya tersedia di tempat-tempat seperti riwayat halaman, log, dan perubahan terbaru. Kini, kartu tersebut juga dapat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CheckUser#User_Info_card_in_page_content|ditempatkan di dalam isi halaman]] dengan menggunakan fungsi pengurai <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{#uic:}}</nowiki></code></bdi>. Fitur ini dapat sangat berguna pada templat seperti [[:en:Template:Userlinks|<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{Userlinks}}</nowiki></code></bdi>]] atau varian khususnya, karena akan memudahkan pengguna melihat konteks mengenai suatu akun pada berbagai halaman papan pengumuman. Kartu tersebut hanya akan ditampilkan kepada pengguna yang telah mengaktifkannya melalui [[Special:Preferences#mw-input-wpcheckuser-userinfocard-enable|preferensi mereka]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424466] * Karena adanya risiko terhadap keamanan dan privasi pengguna, akses ke URL <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>Special:MyPage</nowiki></code></bdi> telah dinonaktifkan apabila URL tersebut secara khusus digunakan bersama <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=raw</nowiki></code></bdi>. Jika Anda terdampak oleh perubahan ini, pertimbangkan apakah Anda dapat menggunakan pendekatan lain. URL <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>Special:MyPage</nowiki></code></bdi> tetap dapat diakses dan digunakan tanpa <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=raw</nowiki></code></bdi>. URL halaman pengguna tertentu, misalnya <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>User:Myusername</nowiki></code></bdi>, juga tetap dapat digunakan bersama <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=raw</nowiki></code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T120386] * Sebagai bagian dari pembaruan, perangkat lunak untuk membuat keluku telah ditingkatkan. Pembaruan ini mencakup peningkatan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>librsvg</nowiki></code></bdi> ke versi 2.60 dan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>ImageMagick</nowiki></code></bdi> ke versi 7, serta penyelesaian sejumlah masalah lama dalam pembuatan keluku, seperti galat dalam proses perenderannya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419815#12222841] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.17|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/35|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W35"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 24 Agustus 2026 20.44 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30961208 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-36</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W36"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/36|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Format baru Daftar Harapan Komunitas kini telah dibuka untuk mendapatkan masukan. Anda dapat [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Community Wishlist 2027|membaca gagasan-gagasan yang diusulkan di Meta]]. Proses baru ini dirancang untuk meningkatkan cara harapan komunitas diseleksi dan dikelompokkan berdasarkan prioritas, dipungut suaranya, dan ditetapkan prioritas pengerjaannya, dengan cara yang transparan dan seimbang di berbagai kelompok proyek dan edisi bahasa. Konsultasi ini dibuka selama dua pekan. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Rilis terbaru aplikasi Wikipedia untuk Android mencakup pembaruan pada fitur Tersimpan, sehingga pengalaman menyimpan artikel di aplikasi kini lebih mendekati pengalaman di aplikasi iOS dan Web. Pembaruan ini mendesain ulang tab Tersimpan dengan tampilan "Semua artikel", menghapus daftar bacaan "Tersimpan" yang sebelumnya tersedia secara bawaan, mengganti nama daftar bacaan menjadi "Koleksi", dan memodernisasi pengalaman menyimpan artikel. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T420788] * Fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Daftar Bacaan]] telah diaktifkan untuk semua pengguna yang masuk log pada Wikipedia bahasa Bengali, Tionghoa, Ceko, dan Vietnam pada 25 Agustus, setelah tersedia sebagai fitur beta selama beberapa bulan. Fitur ini akan tersedia untuk semua pengguna yang masuk log di Wikipedia bahasa Arab, Prancis, dan Indonesia pada 1 September, kemudian di Wikipedia bahasa Inggris pada 14 September, dan di seluruh wiki Wikipedia lainnya pada 28 September. * Pada akhir bulan ini, sebagian pembaca yang belum masuk log di Wikipedia bahasa Bengali, Ceko, Persia, Inggris, dan Polandia, yang menggunakan kulit Minerva pada perangkat seluler, akan melihat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Minimal_Minerva|bilah navigasi yang diperbarui]] dalam sebuah [[w:A/B test|uji A/B]]. Pengujian ini akan membandingkan bilah navigasi saat ini dengan versi baru yang dirancang agar pembaca dapat menemukan informasi dengan lebih cepat dan mudah. Tujuannya adalah mengetahui apakah perubahan tersebut mendorong pembaca untuk lebih sering kembali. Eksperimen ini tidak akan mengubah pengalaman pengguna yang telah masuk log dan/atau para penyunting. * Para penyunting yang mengelola pengalihan, templat, dan kategori yang digunakan pada halaman pengalihan kini memiliki cara yang lebih baik untuk menemukan dan mengelola pengalihan. Sebelumnya, halaman pengalihan tidak dapat dicari. Dua kata kunci pencarian baru, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>onlyredirects:</nowiki></code></bdi> dan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>withredirects:</nowiki></code></bdi>, kini memungkinkan pengalihan dicari secara langsung dan dapat digabungkan dengan kata kunci yang sudah ada, seperti <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>incategory:</nowiki></code></bdi>, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>intitle:</nowiki></code></bdi>, dan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>insource:</nowiki></code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T204089] * Perangkat pencarian ISBN yang digunakan untuk membuat sitasi baru-baru ini tidak berfungsi karena terdapat masalah pada layanan eksternal. Para pengembang sedang mengupayakan solusinya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T435179] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:30}} {{PLURAL:30|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah yang menyebabkan pencarian halaman berdasarkan kategori menggunakan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>deepcat</nowiki></code></bdi> tidak memberikan hasil atau justru memberikan hasil yang tidak berkaitan kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414859] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Domain URL untuk keluku berubah dari upload.wikimedia.org menjadi thumb.wikimedia.org. URL lama masih dapat digunakan untuk beberapa waktu ke depan, tetapi MediaWiki akan menggunakan domain baru tersebut dalam URL yang ditampilkannya. URL untuk jenis media lainnya, seperti berkas, video, dan hasil transkode asli, tetap akan disajikan melalui upload.wikimedia.org. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427465] * Wikimedia [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?api=wmf-math%2Fv1&title=Special%3ARestSandbox Math API] kini telah berstatus usang. Titik akhir API tersebut akan dihentikan sepenuhnya pada akhir September 2026. Para pengembang yang menggunakan titik akhir ini harus beralih ke solusi perenderan matematika alternatif, seperti [https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/MathML MathML] atau [https://www.mathjax.org/ MathJax] bawaan. Instalasi MediaWiki pihak ketiga yang menggunakan ekstensi Math untuk merender rumus diwajibkan melakukan peningkatan ke versi 1.43 atau yang lebih baru agar layanan tetap dapat digunakan. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.18|MediaWiki]] '''Lebih lanjut''' * Baca lebih lanjut mengenai [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check/TextMatch|TextMatch]] dalam tulisan di Diff berjudul [[diffblog:2026/08/28/custom-edit-suggestions-for-every-wiki-how-communities-are-shaping-suggestion-mode-with-textmatch/|Saran penyuntingan khusus untuk setiap wiki: Bagaimana komunitas membentuk Mode Saran dengan TextMatch]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/36|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W36"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 31 Agustus 2026 20.52 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30990659 --> gxsf68jojztjsm3hrwkbznwe3uf0xgu 0 173991 1755898 1541341 2026-08-31T20:52:01Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1755898 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Barkas:Korean-style_carrot.jpg|jmpl| Wortel gaya Korea]] '''Wortel gaya Korea''' (basa {{Lang-ru|морковь по-корейски|morkov' po-koreyski}} ; {{Lang-ko|한국식 당근}} ) utawa '''salad wortel Korea''' ( {{Lang-uz|koreyscha sabzili salat}} ), yaiku salah sawijining olahan jinis [[Salad wortel|salad wortel sing]] diasinake pedhes. Iki minangka varian [[Kimchi|kimchi ing]] Koryo-saram . <ref name="Zenkimchi">{{Cite web|url=http://zenkimchi.com/FoodJournal/korean-food-101/korean-carrots-koreyscha-sabzili-salat/|title=Korean Carrots (Koreyscha Sabzili Salat)|last=Tammy|date=31 March 2012|website=Zenkimchi, the Korean Food Journal|access-date=28 July 2020|archive-date=3 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203114409/http://zenkimchi.com/FoodJournal/korean-food-101/korean-carrots-koreyscha-sabzili-salat/|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Katz-Weaver">{{Cite book|title=Encyclopedia of Food and Culture, Volume 3: Obesity to Zoroastrianism|last=Katz|first=Solomon H.|last2=Weaver|first2=William Woys|publisher=Scribner|year=2003|page=282}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/01/18/dining/18rego.html|title=The Silk Road Leads to Queens|last=Moskin|first=Julia|date=18 January 2006|work=The New York Times|access-date=8 January 2010|page=F1}}</ref> == Rujukan == dkrmr16fd9qag5evfywz4e35ailvnti 0 197482 1755907 1752876 2026-09-01T02:13:15Z Devfandra Ramadhana1 68653 /* */ 1755907 wikitext text/x-wiki Luwang ireng mahaagung, bolongan ireng gedhe pol ing inti galaksi elips [[Galaksi tipe cD|raksasa]] Messier 87 ing rasi [[Virgo]] . Massané kira-kira milyaran massané Srengéngé ( {{Val|7.22|0.34|0.40}}<nowiki></br></nowiki> {{Val|7.22|0.34|0.40}} M ) ing taun 2016. <ref> {{Cite journal|last=Oldham, L. J.|last2=Auger, M. W.|date=March 2016|title=Galaxy structure from multiple tracers - II. M87 from parsec to megaparsec scales|journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society|volume=457|issue=1|pages=421–439|arxiv=1601.01323|bibcode=2016MNRAS.457..421O|doi=10.1093/mnras/stv2982}} </ref> Gambar iki dirilis déning proyèk Event Horizon Telescope ing April 2019. '''Luwang ireng mahaagung''' (ing basa Inggris: '''''Supermassive black holes''''' ) iku jinis [[luwang ireng|bolongan ireng]] paling gedhé, kanthi massa saka atusan èwu nganti milyaran massané srengéngé. Umume utawa malah kabèh [[galaksi]] dianggep duwé bolongan Ireng gedhe pol ing tengahé. Ing tengah [[Punjering Galaksi|galaksi]] [[Bimasekti]] dipitayani ana luwang ireng mahaagung Sagittarius A* . == Sajarah panemon == Luwang ireng mahaagung awalé dihipotesisaké déning [[Donald Lynden-Bell]] lan Martin Rees ing taun 1971 sing ngira yen pusat galaksi Bimasakti nduwèni luwang ireng mahaagung. Luwang ireng mahaagung tengah Bima Sakti ditemokaké tanggal 13 lan 15 Februari 1974, dening astronom Bruce Balick lan interferometer garis dhasar Robert Brown saka Observatorium Astronomi Radio Nasional lan dijenengi Sagittarius A*. Dheweke nemokaké sumber radio sing ngetokaké radiasi sinkroton, sing ditemokaké kandhel lan ora obah amarga gravitasi. Mulane, iki minangka indikasi pisanan yèn ana luwang ireng mahaagung ing inti Bima Sakti. == Proses pambentukan == [[Barkas:Supermassiveblackhole_nasajpl.jpg|ka|jmpl| Gambaran luwang ireng mahaagung lan cakra akresi.]] == Luwang ireng ing tengah Bima Sakti == Para astronom pitaya yèn Galaksi [[Bimasekti|Bima Sakti]] duwé luwang ireng mahaagung ing tengahé, 26.000 [[taun cahya]] saka [[Tata Surya]], ing wilayah sing diarani Sagittarius A* <ref name="Henderson">{{Cite news|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/science/article5316001.ece|title=Astronomers confirm black hole at the heart of the Milky Way|last=Henderson|first=Mark|date=December 9, 2008|access-date=2009-05-17|publisher=Times Online|location=London|archive-date=2008-12-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081216235509/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/science/article5316001.ece|url-status=dead}}</ref> amarga: * Lintang [[S2 (bintang)|S2]] ngetutaké ideran lonjong kanthi periode orbit 15,2 taun. Jarak paling cedhak 17 [[Jam cahaya|jam cahya]] ( {{Val|1.8}} utawa 120 AU) saka obyèk tengah. <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Schödel|first=R.|last2=et al.|date=17 October 2002|title=A star in a 15.2-year orbit around the supermassive black hole at the centre of the Milky Way|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_2002-10-17_419_6908/page/694|journal=Nature|volume=419|issue=6908|pages=694–696|arxiv=astro-ph/0210426|bibcode=2002Natur.419..694S|doi=10.1038/nature01121|pmid=12384690}} </ref> * Saka pengamatan obahé lintang S2, massa obyèk kasebut bisa dikira-kira 4,1 yuta massané surya, <ref name="Ghez08">{{Cite journal|last=Ghez, A. M.|last2=et al.|year=December 2008|title=Measuring Distance and Properties of the Milky Way's Central Supermassive Black Hole with Stellar Orbits|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_astrophysical-journal_2008-12-20_689_2/page/1044|journal=Astrophysical Journal|volume=689|issue=2|pages=1044–1062|arxiv=0808.2870|bibcode=2008ApJ...689.1044G|doi=10.1086/592738}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.skyandtelescope.com/news/27621359.html|title=Milky Way's Central Monster Measured|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120910010925/www.skyandtelescope.com/news/27621359.html|archive-date=2012-09-10|dead-url=yes|access-date=2014-09-25}}</ref> utawa kira-kira {{Val|8.2}} . * Radius obyek tengah ora luwih saka 17 jam cahya, yen luwih gedhé, S2 bakal tabrakan karo. Nyatane, pengamatan anyar <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ghez|first=A. M.|author-link=Andrea Ghez|last2=Salim, S.|last3=Hornstein, S. D.|last4=Tanner, A.|last5=Lu, J. R.|last6=Morris, M.|last7=Becklin, E. E.|last8=Duchêne, G.|date=May 2005|title=Stellar Orbits around the Galactic Center Black Hole|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_astrophysical-journal_2005-02-20_620_2/page/744|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|volume=620|issue=2|pages=744–757|arxiv=astro-ph/0306130|bibcode=2005ApJ...620..744G|doi=10.1086/427175}}</ref> nuduhaké radius awak tengah ora luwih saka 6,25 jam cahya, kira-kira padha karo ideran planit [[Uranus]] . == Luwang ireng mahaagung ing njaba Bima Sakti == [[Barkas:Double_Nucleus_of_the_Andromeda_Galaxy_(M31).tif|ka|jmpl| Inti Galaksi Andromeda, panggonan kang para astronom pitaya ana luwang ireng mahaagung ing njeroné. Gambar dijupuk déning [[Teleskop Hubble|Teleskop Angkasa Hubble]] . ''[[NASA]] / ESA .'']] Galaksi Andromeda (M31), adohe 2,5 yuta taun cahya, ana luwang ireng mahaagung ing tengahé kanthi (1,1–2,3) × ¹⁰⁸ (110–230 yuta) massané surya, ingkang luwih gedhé tinimbang Bimasekti. <ref name="Bender"> {{Cite journal|last=Bender|first=Ralf|last2=et al.|date=2005-09-20|title=HST STIS Spectroscopy of the Triple Nucleus of M31: Two Nested Disks in Keplerian Rotation around a Supermassive Black Hole|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_astrophysical-journal_2005-09-20_631_1/page/280|journal=[[The Astrophysical Journal]]|volume=631|issue=1|pages=280–300|arxiv=astro-ph/0509839|bibcode=2005ApJ...631..280B|doi=10.1086/432434}}</ref> == Deleng uga == * Dhaftar uwangireng paling gedhé * Lintang neutron * [[Luwang ireng]] * [[Galaksi]] * [[Punjering Galaksi|Pusat galaksi]] * Kuasar * Semburan sinar gamma == Referensi == {{Reflist|colwidth=30em}} fbnymby1ki5sddcwxxg7e33lwhhapb7 0 198398 1755894 1736566 2026-08-31T17:39:23Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1755894 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lembaga Dakwah Islam Indonesia''' ('''LDII''') ([[pégon]]: لمباݢا دعوة ‫إ‬سلام ‫إ‬ندونيسيا ; [[Basa Jawa|cara Jawa]]: ꦪꦪꦱꦤ꧀ꦢꦏ꧀ꦮꦃ​ꦆꦱ꧀ꦭꦩꦆꦤ꧀ꦝꦺꦴꦤꦺꦱꦶꦪꦃ; [[Basa Arab|cara Arab]]: جمعية الدعوة الإسلامية الإندونيسية) iku sawijining organisasi masarakat Islam ing Indonésia mligi nindakaké siyaran dakwah lan pangajaran agama Islam adhedhasar Al-Qur'an lan Al-Hadis. Organisasi iki wus tuwuh ngrembaka ana ing panjuru laladan Indonésia. Warga kang mèlu dadi anggota lan non-anggota jinangka ngancik udakara 30 yuta wong.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dkpp.go.id/dkpp-terima-kunjungan-ldii/|title=DKPP Terima Kunjungan LDII|date=2023-06-16|website=DKPP RI - Dewan Kehormatan Penyelenggara Pemilu Republik Indonesia|language=en-US|access-date=2025-03-17}}</ref> == Sajarah == Mulabukané LDII madeg iku bisa dideleng wiwit tanggal 1 Juli 1927, kadhaptaraké mawa jeneng ''Yayasan Lembaga Karyawan Islam'' (YAKARI) ing [[Kutha Kadhiri]], [[Jawa Wétan]]. Madegé organisasi adhedhasar Akta Notaris Mudijomo katiti-mangsa 27 Juli 1972, minangka korèksi ngeneraké akta sadurungé kang katiti-mangsa 3 Januari 1972 kang isiné babagan panetepan tanggal madegé LEMKARI.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Faizin|first=Faizin|date=2014|title=PERSPEKTIF PEMIKIRAN POLITIK ISLAM; Suatu Analisis Pendahuluan Pemikiran Politik Lembaga Dakwah Islam Indonesia|url=https://ejournal.iainkerinci.ac.id/index.php/alqisthu/article/view/1207|journal=Al-Qisthu: Jurnal Kajian Ilmu-Ilmu Hukum|language=en|volume=12|pages=65–78|doi=10.32694/qst.v12i.1207|issn=2654-3559|access-date=2025-03-17|archive-date=2024-09-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240911142640/https://ejournal.iainkerinci.ac.id/index.php/alqisthu/article/view/1207|url-status=dead}}</ref> Yasan bebadan iki diprakarsani déning sawetara pawongan, ing antarané yaiku: # Drs. Nur Hasyim; # Drs. Edi Masyadi; # Drs. Bahroni Hertanto; # Soetojo Wirjo Atmodjo, B.A; # Wijono, B.A. Ing taun 1981, lumantar Musyawarah Besar (Mubes) YAKARI, jeneng organisasi kasulih dadi ''Lembaga Karyawan Islam'' (LEMKARI).<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://ldii.or.id/tentang-ldii/|title=Tentang LDII|date=2021-04-29|website=Lembaga Dakwah Islam Indonesia|language=en-US|access-date=2025-03-17}}</ref> Banjur ing Musyawarah Besar IV LEMKARI taun 1990, jeneng organisasi kaelih manèh dadi ''Lembaga Dakwah Islam Indonesia'' (LDII).<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://walibarokah.org/sejarah/|title=Sejarah – Pondok Pesantren Wali Barokah Kota Kediri|language=en-US|access-date=2025-03-17|archive-date=2023-09-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926041704/http://walibarokah.org/sejarah/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Owahan jeneng iki adhedhasar arahan saka [[Soedharmono|Sudharmono]] minangka Wakil Présidhèn RI nalika iku, lan Jéndral TNI (Purn.) H. Rudini. Awit jeneng "LEMKARI" iku saèmper karo jeneng cekakané ''Lembaga Karate-Do Indonesia''.<ref name=":1" /> Tundhoné jeneng LDII kang dianggo minangka jeneng resmi nganti sepréné. == Pawongan == Warga LDII kang wis kaloka ana satengahing masarakat umum ing antarané yaiku: * [[Benyamin S.|Benyamin Sueb]] * [[Ben Kasyafani]] * [[Ida Royani]] * [[Didi Petet]] * Keenan Nasution * [[Suryo Agung Wibowo]] == Kapustakan == <references /> [[Kategori:Islam ing Indhonésia]] o0291tutn779oepnvb2ykzgzkrc8la9 0 199828 1755897 1746769 2026-08-31T20:41:11Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1755897 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mokèl''' iku istilah ing [[basa Jawa]] kang nuduhaké tumindak mbatalaké utawa ora nerusaké pasa sadurungé tekan wektu mbuka sing wis ditemtokaké. Ing pangertèn umum ing [[masarakat Jawa]], mokèl tegesé mangan utawa ngombe kanthi sengaja ing wayah awan nalika wulan [[Ramelan|Ramadan]] sadurungé srengéngé surup, saéngga pasané dadi batal. Istilah iki kalebu istilah kultural lan ora ditemokaké minangka istilah resmi ing kitab-kitab fikih klasik basa Arab, nanging tuwuh lan ngrembaka saka tradhisi lisan masarakat Jawa minangka padanan saka konsep mbatalaké pasa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.detik.com/jatim/berita/d-8352722/mengenal-istilah-mokel-dan-hukumnya-dalam-islam|title=Mengenal Istilah Mokel dan Hukumnya dalam Islam|last=Fahriyyah|first=Salma Nisrina|website=detikjatim|language=id-ID|access-date=2026-02-18}}{{Pranala mati|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Etimologi lan Panganggoné Basa == Sacara etimologis, tembung “mokèl” asalé saka basa Jawa ragam ngoko kang ing panganggoné saben dina nduwèni teges “mbuka” utawa “mbatalaké” sadurungé tekan wektuné. Ing konteks pasa, mokèl mligi nuduhaké tumindak mbuka pasa kanthi ora sah utawa prematur. Ing ragam basa Jawa krama, istilah iki arang digunakaké; masarakat luwih kerep migunakaké ukara “mbatalake pasa”.<ref name=":0" /> Panganggoné tembung mokèl lumrahé sifaté informal lan kerep ngandhut nuansa guyon, sindiran, utawa teguran sosial. Ing pacelathon saben dina, wong sing ketahuan mangan kanthi ndhelik ing wayah awan Ramadan bisa diarani “lagi mokèl”. Mula saka iku, istilah iki ora mung sipaté deskriptif, nanging uga ngemot dimensi sosial lan moral.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.suara.com/lifestyle/2024/06/11/190500/mokel-arti-asal-muasal-dan-hukumnya-dalam-islam|title=Mokel: Arti, Asal Muasal, dan Hukumnya dalam Islam|website=suara.com|language=id|access-date=2026-02-18}}</ref> == Mokèl ing Perspektif Agama == Ing ajaran Islam, pasa Ramadan iku wajib tumrap saben Muslim sing wis nyukupi syarat, kaya kang kasebut ing [[Kuran|Al-Qur’an]] surat [[Surat Al Baqarah|Al-Baqarah]] ayat 183. Pasa ditegesi minangka nahan dhiri saka mangan, ngombe, lan prakara-prakara kang mbatalaké wiwit fajar nganti srengéngé surup kanthi niat amarga Allah. Mula, tumindak mokèl kalebu kategori mbatalaké pasa manawa ditindakaké kanthi sengaja lan tanpa alesan sing diijini syariat.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://katadata.co.id/lifestyle/varia/695cab271c107/arti-kata-mokel-istilah-gaul-yang-ramai-dibahas-di-bulan-puasa|title=Arti Kata Mokel, Istilah Gaul yang Ramai Dibahas di Bulan Puasa - Varia Katadata.co.id|last=Putri|first=Safrezi, Destiara Anggita|date=2026-01-06|website=katadata.co.id|language=id-ID|access-date=2026-02-18}}</ref> Ing fikih Islam, mbatalaké pasa kanthi sengaja tanpa [[uzur]] (alesan sing dianggep sah) njalari wajib [[qadha]] (ngganti pasa ing dina liya). Ing kahanan tartamtu, kayata nindakake hubungan [[bojo]] ing wayah awan Ramadan, ana uga kewajiban kafarat (denda agama). Nanging manawa mbatalaké amarga uzur kayata lara, safar (lelungan adoh), haid, utawa kahanan medis tartamtu, iku kalebu rukhsah utawa keringanan saka agama.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sinjai.pikiran-rakyat.com/khazanah/pr-2349167347/sering-dengar-istilah-mokel-ini-arti-dan-asal-usulnya|title=Sering Dengar Istilah Mokel? Ini Arti dan Asal-usulnya!|last=Wahyudi|website=Pikiran Rakyat Sinjai|language=id|access-date=2026-02-18}}</ref> == Dimensi Sosial lan Budaya == Ing tlatah Jawa, mliginé ing lingkungan pedesaan utawa komunitas sing isih kuwat njaga tradhisi, mokèl nduwèni dimensi sosial sing wigati. Tumindak iki kerep dianggep minangka pelanggaran norma bebarengan, ora mung norma agama. Pasa Ramadan ora mung dipandang minangka kewajiban pribadi, nanging uga minangka praktik sosial sing nguwataké rasa solidaritas lan keseragaman tindak tanduk ing masarakat. Ing konteks iki, wong sing mokèl kanthi terang-terangan bisa nampa sanksi sosial kaya teguran, celaan alus, utawa dikucilaké kanthi entheng. Nanging, ana uga praktik mokèl kanthi ndhelik, utamané ing kalangan bocah-bocah sing lagi sinau [[Pasa (Islam)|pasa]]. Wong tuwa kadhangkala maringi toleransi kanthi pendekatan pendidikan, saéngga mokèl ing kéné dadi pérangan saka proses sinau agama.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.liputan6.com/islami/read/6096966/memahami-apa-itu-mokel-begini-hukum-dan-konsekuensinya-dalam-islam|title=Memahami Apa Itu Mokel, Begini Hukum dan Konsekuensinya dalam Islam|last=Liputan6.com|date=2025-07-05|website=liputan6.com|language=id|access-date=2026-02-18}}</ref> == Mokèl lan Psikologi Individu == Saka sudut pandang psikologi, mokèl bisa dimangertèni minangka tanggapan marang dorongan biologis kaya rasa lapar lan ngelak sing ora kuwat ditahan, utawa amarga kurangé kontrol dhiri. Pasa iku latihan ngendhalèkaké dhiri (self-regulation), mula kegagalan njaga pasa bisa digandhengaké karo faktor [[Psikologi|psikologis]] kayata [[stres]], kabiasaan [[mangan]], utawa kurangé motivasi spiritual. Ing bocah lan remaja, mokèl kerep dumadi amarga proses adaptasi marang rutinitas anyar nalika Ramadan. Ing wong diwasa, mokèl tanpa sebab medis bisa njalari rasa salah amarga bertentangan karo komitmen agama lan norma sosial.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tirto.id/apa-itu-mokel-dan-hukum-sengaja-membatalkan-puasa-ramadhan-gEtY|title=Apa Itu Mokel dan Hukum Sengaja Membatalkan Puasa Ramadhan?|last=Maarif|first=Syamsul Dwi|website=tirto.id|language=id|access-date=2026-02-18}}</ref> == Mokèl ing Konteks Pendidikan Agama == Ing pendidikan agama Islam ing sekolah-sekolah Indonesia, konsep prakara-prakara sing mbatalaké pasa diwulangaké kanthi sistematis. Sanadyan istilah mokèl ora tansah ana ing buku teks resmi, praktik iki wis akrab ing kalangan siswa minangka istilah lokal. Guru biasané nerangaké béda antarané mbatalaké kanthi sengaja lan ora sengaja, uga nekanaké wigatiné niat lan kejujuran. Sawetara lembaga pendidikan nganakaké program “pesantren kilat” nalika Ramadan kanggo nguwataké pangerten spiritual lan nyegah tumindak mokèl. Pendekatan iki lumrahé digabung karo [[ceramah]], diskusi, lan kegiatan ibadah bebarengan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://narasi.tv/read/narasi-daily/mokel-istilah-gaul-yang-muncul-saat-ramadhan-apa-artinya|title=Mokel: Istilah Gaul yang Muncul Saat Ramadhan, Apa Artinya?|website=Narasi Tv|language=id-ID|access-date=2026-02-18}}</ref> == Perwakilan ing Budaya Populer == Ing budaya populer Jawa lan Indonesia, mokèl kerep dadi bahan crita guyon, utamané crita bocah sing lagi nyoba pasa nanging ora tahan lapar. Ing sinetron utawa crita cekak bertema Ramadan, adegan mokèl asring digambaraké kanthi entheng lan edukatif, nuduhaké perjuangan batin tokoh sadurungé pungkasané sinau mangertèni makna pasa. Gambaran iki nuduhaké yèn mokèl ora tansah diposisikaké minangka pelanggaran abot, nanging minangka pérangan saka dinamika pengalaman religius saben dina.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sleman.pikiran-rakyat.com/kajian-islami/pr-3049133439/apa-itu-mokel-memahami-makna-dan-dampaknya-terhadap-ibadah-puasa-ramadhan|title=Apa Itu Mokel? Memahami Makna dan Dampaknya Terhadap Ibadah Puasa Ramadhan|last=Prameswari|first=Anindya Putri|website=Kabar Sleman|language=id|access-date=2026-02-18}}</ref> == Aspek Hukum lan Ketertiban Umum == Ing sawetara dhaérah ing Indonesia, pamaréntah dhaérah netepaké aturan ketertiban umum nalika Ramadan, kayata matesi jam operasional warung mangan ing wayah awan. Kebijakan iki dimaksudaké kanggo njaga kekhusyukan ibadah masarakat Muslim sing lagi pasa. Nanging, aturan iki ora langsung ngatur individu sing mokèl, nanging luwih nyasar marang tatanan ruang publik. Mula, mokèl sejatiné luwih dadi urusan pribadi antarané individu lan keyakinané, sanadyan tetep nduwèni akibat sosial ing komunitas tartamtu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.harianbasis.co/mokel-jawa-timur-arti-viral-hukum-islam|title=Asal-usul Mokel di Jawa Timur: Arti, Viral, dan Hukumnya dalam Islam|last=HarianBasis.co|date=2026-02-12|website=HarianBasis.co|language=id|access-date=2026-02-18}}{{Pranala mati|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Variasi Regional lan Istilah Padhané == Sanadyan istilah mokèl paling misuwur ing Jawa, praktik mbatalaké pasa kanthi sengaja mesthi uga ana ing dhaérah liya ing Indonesia. Nanging, saben dhaérah nduwèni istilah lokal dhewe-dhewe utawa migunakaké frasa umum kaya “mbatalake pasa”. Prakara iki nuduhaké anané keragaman linguistik ing njlentrehaké praktik religius. Mokèl minangka istilah kultural ing masarakat Jawa kang nuduhaké tumindak mbatalaké pasa sadurungé wektuné. Sanadyan sipaté lokal lan informal, konsep iki raket gegandhèngané karo ajaran fikih Islam bab prakara-prakara sing mbatalaké pasa. Saliyane dimensi teologis, mokèl uga nduwèni aspek sosial, psikologis, lan edukatif ing urip masarakat. Minangka fenomena budaya, mokèl nggambaraké interaksi antarané norma agama lan praktik saben dina, sarta nuduhaké kepiyé istilah lokal bisa nambahi [[kasugihan]] ekspresi religius ing Indonesia.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tambahpinter.com/hubungan-moral-dan-agama/|title=Hubungan Moral dan Agama: Perspektif dalam Kehidupan Modern|last=M.E|first=Kirana Saraswatina|date=2025-07-24|website=Tambah Pinter|language=en-US|access-date=2026-02-18}}</ref> == Réferènsi == {{reflist}} [[Kategori:Basa Jawa]] rd7saogvhellaxsis7dww4j4zqgtpbb 0 200786 1755916 1755870 2026-09-01T06:32:07Z Meursault2004 3 /* Filmografi */ 1755916 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Kate Mulgrew by Gage Skidmore.jpg|thumb|Kate Mulgrew (2022)]] '''Kate Mulgrew''' (29 April 1955) iku sawijiné aktris Amérika Sarékat. == Filmografi == == Pranala njaba == [[Kategori:Lair 1955]] [[Kategori:Wong urip]] [[Kategori:Paraga Star Trek]] fjq4ikk7gaco65e19zogdaw5w9h1y4c 1755917 1755916 2026-09-01T06:32:56Z Meursault2004 3 /* Filmografi */ 1755917 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Kate Mulgrew by Gage Skidmore.jpg|thumb|Kate Mulgrew (2022)]] '''Kate Mulgrew''' (29 April 1955) iku sawijiné aktris Amérika Sarékat. == Filmografi == ===Film=== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Year ! Title ! Role ! class="unsortable" | Notes |- | 1981 | ''[[Lovespell]]'' | [[Iseult|Isolt]] | |- | 1982 | ''{{sortname|A|Stranger Is Watching|A Stranger Is Watching (film)}}'' | Sharon Martin | |- | 1985 | ''[[Remo Williams: The Adventure Begins]]'' | Major Rayner Fleming | |- | 1987 | ''[[Throw Momma from the Train]]'' | Margaret Donner | |- | 1992 | ''Round Numbers'' | Judith Schweitzer | |- | 1994 | ''[[Camp Nowhere]]'' | Rachel Prescott | |- | 1995 | ''Captain Nuke and the Bomber Boys'' | Mrs. Pescoe | |- | 2002 | ''[[Star Trek: Nemesis]]'' | rowspan="2" | Admiral [[Kathryn Janeway]] | Cameo |- | 2004 | ''Star Trek: The Experience – Borg Invasion 4D'' | |- | 2005 | ''Perception'' | Mary | |- | 2008 | ''{{sortname|The|Response|nolink=1}}'' | Colonel Simms | Short film |- | 2010 | ''{{sortname|The|Best and the Brightest|The Best and the Brightest (film)}}'' | The Player's Wife | |- | 2012 | ''Flatland 2: Sphereland'' | Over-Sphere | |- | rowspan="2"|2014 | ''[[The Principle]]'' | rowspan="2" | Narrator | rowspan="2" |Documentary |- | ''Divine Discontent: Charles Proteus Steinmetz'' |- | 2016 | ''[[Drawing Home]]'' | Edith Morse Robb | |- | 2025 | ''[[Elio (film)|Elio]]'' | [[Voyager 1]] Exhibit Narrator | Cameo<ref>{{cite web |last=Mathai |first=Jeremy |date=June 20, 2025 |title=Pixar's Elio Features A Clever Star Trek Easter Egg That Works On A Few Levels |url= https://www.slashfilm.com/1890837/disney-pixar-elio-star-trek-easter-egg/ |website=SlashFilm |access-date=September 10, 2025}}</ref> |} ===Télévisi=== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Year ! Title ! Role ! class="unsortable" | Notes |- | 1975 | ''[[ABC's Wide World of Entertainment|The Wide World of Mystery]]'' | Susan | Episode: "Alien Lover" |- | 1975–1978 | ''[[Ryan's Hope]]'' | Mary Ryan Fenelli | Main role |- | 1976 | ''{{sortname|The|American Woman: Portraits of Courage|nolink=1}}'' | Deborah Sampson | Television film |- | rowspan="2" | 1978 | ''[[The Word (novel)#TV miniseries|The Word]]'' | Tony Nicholson | Television film |- | ''[[Dallas (TV series)|Dallas]]'' | Garnet McGee | Episode: "Triangle" |- | 1979 | ''Jennifer: A Woman's Story'' | Joan Russell | Television film |- | 1979–1980 | ''[[Mrs. Columbo]]'' | Kate Callahan Columbo | 13 episodes |- | 1980 | ''{{sortname|A|Time for Miracles}}'' | Mother [[Elizabeth Bayley Seton]] | Television film |- | 1981 | ''{{sortname|The|Manions of America|nolink=1}}'' | Rachel Clement | 3 episodes |- | 1984 | ''Jessie'' | Maureen McLaughlin | Episode: "McLaughlin's Flame" |- | rowspan="4" | 1986 | ''[[St. Elsewhere]]'' | Helen O'Casey | 2 episodes |- | ''[[Cheers]]'' | Janet Eldridge | 3 episodes |- | ''Carly Mills'' | Carly Mills | Television film |- | ''My Town'' | Laura Adams | Television film |- | rowspan="2" | 1987 | ''Roses Are for the Rich'' | Kendall Murphy | Television film |- | ''[[Hotel (American TV series)|Hotel]]'' | Leslie Chase | Episode: "Reservations" |- | 1987–1994 | ''[[Murder, She Wrote]]'' | Sonny Grier/Joanna Rollins/Maude Gillis | 3 episodes |- | 1988 | ''[[Roots: The Gift]]'' | Hattie Carraway | Television film |- | 1988–1989 | ''[[HeartBeat (1988 TV series)|HeartBeat]]'' | Joanne Halloran<ref>''Born With Teeth: A Memoir'' by Kate Mulgrew (2015). p. 190</ref> | 18 episodes |- | rowspan="2" | 1991 | ''[[Daddy (1991 film)|Daddy]]'' | Sarah Watson | Television film |- | ''Fatal Friendship'' | Sue Bradley | Television film |- | 1991–1992 | ''[[Man of the People (TV series)|Man of the People]]'' | Mayor Lisbeth Chardin | 10 episodes |- | rowspan="2"|1992 | ''[[Murphy Brown]]'' | Hillary Wheaton | Episode: "On the Rocks" |- | ''{{sortname|The|Pirates of Dark Water}}'' | Cressa | Voice, 4 episodes |- | 1992–1995 | ''[[Batman: The Animated Series]]'' | Red Claw | Voice, 3 episodes<ref name="btva">{{cite web |title=Kate Mulgrew (visual voices guide) |url=http://www.behindthevoiceactors.com/Kate-Mulgrew/ |access-date=October 1, 2023 |publisher=Behind The Voice Actors}} A green check mark indicates that a role has been confirmed using a screenshot (or collage of screenshots) of a title's list of voice actors and their respective characters found in its credits or other reliable sources of information.</ref> |- | 1993 | ''For Love and Glory'' | Antonia Doyle | Television film |- | 1994 | ''[[Mighty Max (TV series)|Mighty Max]]'' | [[Isis]] | Voice, episode: "The Mommy's Hand" |- | 1994–1995 | ''[[Aladdin (animated TV series)|Aladdin]]'' | Queen Hippsodeth | Voice, 2 episodes |- | 1995–2001 | ''[[Star Trek: Voyager]]'' | [[Kathryn Janeway]] | 172 episodes |- | 1996 | ''[[Gargoyles (TV series)|Gargoyles]]'' | [[Titania (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Titania / Anastasia Renard]] | Voice, 4 episodes<ref name="btva" /> |- | 1998 | ''[[Riddler's Moon]]'' | Victoria Riddler | Television film |- | 2006 | ''[[Law & Order: Special Victims Unit]]'' | Donna Geysen | Episode: "Web" |- | 2007 | ''[[The Black Donnellys]]'' | Helen Donnelly | 9 episodes |- | 2009–2010 | ''[[Mercy (TV series)|Mercy]]'' | Mrs. Jeannie Flanagan | 10 episodes |- | rowspan="2"|2011–2013 | ''[[Warehouse 13]]'' | Jane Lattimer | 6 episodes |- | ''[[NTSF:SD:SUV::]]'' | Kove | 34 episodes |- | 2013–2019 | ''[[Orange Is the New Black]]'' | Galina "Red" Reznikov | 85 episodes |- | rowspan="3" | 2015 | ''[[American Dad!]]'' | June Rosewood | Voice, episode: "A Star Is Reborn" |- | ''[[I Live with Models]]'' | Joanna Vermouth | Episode: "Editor" |- | ''[[Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (2012 TV series)|Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles]]'' | General Zera | Voice, episode: "Half Shell Heroes: Blast to the Past"<ref name="btva" /> |- | 2017–2018 | ''[[Stretch Armstrong and the Flex Fighters]]'' | Dr. C. | Voice, 5 episodes<ref name="btva" /> |- | 2019 | ''[[Mr. Mercedes (TV series)|Mr. Mercedes]]'' | Alma Lane | 9 episodes |- | 2019–2021 | ''[[Infinity Train]]'' | The Cat / Samantha | Voice, 9 episodes<ref name="btva" /> |- | 2021–2024 | ''[[Star Trek: Prodigy]]'' | Kathryn Janeway | Voice, 40 episodes |- | rowspan="5" | 2022 | ''[[The First Lady (American TV series)|The First Lady]]'' | [[Susan Sher]] | 4 episodes |- | ''[[The Man Who Fell to Earth (TV series)|The Man Who Fell to Earth]]'' | Drew Finch | 7 episodes |- | ''[[Dogs in Space (TV series)|Dogs in Space]]'' | Mavis | Voice, episode: "Mistaken Id-ED-ity" |- | ''[[Bubble Guppies]]'' | Felina Meow | Voice, episode: "Puppy Girl and Super Pup!" |- | ''[[Garden of Shadows#Adaptation|Flowers in the Attic: The Origin]]'' | Mrs. Steiner | 3 episodes |- |2023 |''The Magnificent Meyersons'' |Dr Terri Meyerson | Television film |- | 2025 | ''[[Dope Thief]]'' | Theresa Bowers | 8 episodes |- | 2025-2026 | ''[[The Bad Guys: The Series]]'' | Serpentina | Voice; 4 episodes<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.animationmagazine.net/2025/10/dreamworks-announces-the-bad-guys-breaking-in-series-with-trailer-first-look-pics/|title=DreamWorks Announces ‘The Bad Guys: Breaking In’ Series with Trailer & First Look Pics|last=Milligan|first=Mercedes|website=[[Animation Magazine]]|date=October 8, 2025|access-date=November 7, 2025}}</ref> |- |2026 |''[[Invincible (TV series)|Invincible]]'' | Domina | Voice; episode: "Hurm"<ref>{{cite web|title=TV Review: INVINCIBLE Season 4 still packs a punch|url=https://www.comicsbeat.com/tv-review-invincible-season-4-still-packs-a-punch/|date=March 16, 2026|first=Taimur|last=Dar}}</ref> |- | {{TBA}} | {{Pending film|The Yank}} | Nora Savage | Lead role; filming in Ireland in 2026 <ref>{{cite web|title=‘Star Trek’ Star Kate Mulgrew Leading RTÉ Series ‘The Yank’ About NYPD Detective In Ireland|url=https://deadline.com/2026/04/the-yank-kate-mulgrew-colm-meaney-rte-new-york-cop-1236861280/|date=April 15, 2026|first=Max|last=Goldbart}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=RTÉ announces new crime drama The Yank starring Kate Mulgrew and Colm Meaney|url=https://about.rte.ie/2026/04/15/rte-announces-new-crime-drama-the-yank-starring-kate-mulgrew-and-colm-meaney/|date=April 15, 2026|first=Éadaoin|last=Nic Giolla Chomhaill}}</ref> |- |} ===Téater=== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Year ! Title ! Role ! class="unsortable" | Notes |- | 1975 | ''[[Our Town]]'' | Emily Webb | American Shakespeare Theater, Stratford, Connecticut |- | 1976 | ''[[Absurd Person Singular]]'' | Eva Jackson | |- | 1977 | ''[[Uncommon Women and Others]]'' | Kate Quin | Eugene O'Neill Theater Center |- | 1978 | ''[[Othello]]'' | [[Desdemona]] | Hartman Theater Company |- | 1980 | ''[[Chapter Two (play)|Chapter Two]]'' | Jennie Malone | Coachlight Dinner Theater |- | 1981–1982 | ''[[Another Part of the Forest]]'' | Regina Hubbard | [[Seattle Repertory Theater]] |- | rowspan="2" | 1982 | ''[[Major Barbara]]'' | Major Barbara Undershaft | Seattle Repertory Theater |- | ''[[Cat on a Hot Tin Roof]]'' | Margaret | Syracuse Stage, New York |- | 1983 | ''{{sortname|The|Ballad of Soapy Smith|nolink=1}}'' | Kitty Strong | Seattle Repertory Theater |- | rowspan="2" | 1984 | ''{{sortname|The|Philadelphia Story|The Philadelphia Story (play)}}'' | Tracy Lord | Alaska Repertory Theater |- | ''{{sortname|The|Misanthrope}}'' | Celimene | Seattle Repertory Theater |- | 1985 | ''[[Measure for Measure]]'' |Isabella | Center Theater Group, Los Angeles |- | rowspan="2" | 1986 | ''[[Hedda Gabler]]'' | Hedda Gabler | Center Theater Group, Los Angeles |- | ''{{sortname|The|Real Thing|The Real Thing (play)}}'' | Charlotte | Center Theater Group, Los Angeles |- | 1987 | ''{{sortname|The|Film Society|nolink=1}}'' | Nan Sinclair | The Los Angeles Theater Center |- | 1989 | ''[[Titus Andronicus]]'' | Tamora | New York Shakespeare Festival |- | 1990 | ''Aristocrats'' | Alice | Center Theater Group, Los Angeles |- | 1992 | ''[[What the Butler Saw (play)|What the Butler Saw]]'' | Mrs. Prentice | La Jolla Playhouse |- | 1993 | ''[[Black Comedy (play)|Black Comedy]]'' | Clea | Roundabout Theater Company, New York |- | 2002 | ''Dear Liar'' | [[Mrs Patrick Campbell]] | Youngstown State University |- | 2003 | ''[[Tea at Five]]'' | [[Katharine Hepburn]] | |- | rowspan="3" |2004 |''[[The Royal Family (play)|The Royal Family]]'' |Julie Cavendish |[[Ahmanson Theatre]], Los Angeles<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hernandez |first=Ernio |date=March 27, 2004 |title=Mulgrew and Seldes are Cavendish Women in L.A.'s The Royal Family, March 27 |work=[[Playbill]] |url=https://playbill.com/article/mulgrew-and-seldes-are-cavendish-women-in-las-the-royal-family-march-27-com-118746 |access-date=October 31, 2022}}</ref> |- | ''Tea at Five'' | Katharine Hepburn | |- | ''[[Mary Stuart (Schiller play)|Mary Stuart]]'' | [[Mary, Queen of Scots|Mary Stuart]] | [[Classic Stage Company]], New York |- | 2005 | ''Tea at Five'' | Katharine Hepburn | |- | 2006 | ''{{sortname|The|Exonerated}}'' | Sunny Jacobs | Riverside Studios, London, England |- | rowspan="2" | 2007 | ''Our Leading Lady'' | Laura Keene | Manhattan Theater Club at New York City Center |- | ''Iphigenia'' | [[Clytemnestra]] | Signature Theater Company |- | rowspan="2" | 2008 | ''[[Farfetched Fables]]'' and ''The Fascinating Foundling'' | Anastasia | Project Shaw Reading - The Players Club - New York |- | ''{{sortname|The|American Dream and The Sandbox|nolink=1}}'' | Mommy | Cherry Lane Theater, New York |- | 2008–2009 | ''[[Equus (play)|Equus]]'' | Hesther Saloman | Broadhurst Theater, New York |- | 2010 | ''[[Antony and Cleopatra]]'' | [[Cleopatra]] | [[Hartford Stage]]<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hetrick |first=Adam |date=October 8, 2010 |title=John Douglas Thompson and Kate Mulgrew Open Antony and Cleopatra in Hartford Oct. 8 |work=[[Playbill]] |url=https://playbill.com/article/john-douglas-thompson-and-kate-mulgrew-open-antony-and-cleopatra-in-hartford-oct-8-com-172516 |access-date=October 31, 2022}}</ref> |- | 2013 | ''Somewhere Fun'' | Rosemary Rappaport | [[Vineyard Theatre]], New York<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Frank |first1=David |last2=Piepenburg |first2=Erik |date=June 17, 2013 |title=Video: In Performance: 'Somewhere Fun' |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/video/theater/100000002242261/in-performance-somewhere-fun.html |url-access=subscription |access-date=October 31, 2022}}</ref> |- | 2019 | ''The Half-Life of Marie Curie'' | [[Hertha Ayrton]] | Minetta Lane Theater |- | 2024 | ''The Beacon'' | Beiv | [[Irish Repertory Theatre]] |} ===Video games=== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Year ! Title ! Role |- | 1997 | ''Star Trek: Captain's Chair'' | rowspan=2 | Captain Kathryn Janeway |- | 2000 | ''[[Star Trek: Voyager – Elite Force]]'' |- | 2002 | ''[[Run Like Hell (video game)|Run Like Hell]]'' | Dr. Mek |- | 2003 | ''[[Lords of EverQuest]]'' | Lady Kreya |- | 2006 | ''[[Star Trek: Legacy]]'' | Admiral Kathryn Janeway |- | 2009 | ''[[Dragon Age: Origins]]<ref name="btva" />'' | rowspan=3 | [[Flemeth]] |- | 2011 | ''[[Dragon Age II]]'' |- | 2014 | ''[[Dragon Age: Inquisition]]<ref name="btva" />'' |- | 2017 | ''Augmented Empire'' | Jules Avalon |- | rowspan="2" |2022 | ''[[Star Trek Online]]'' | Admiral Janeway / Marshal Janeway |- | ''Star Trek Prodigy: Supernova'' | Hologram Janeway |} == Pranala njaba == [[Kategori:Lair 1955]] [[Kategori:Wong urip]] [[Kategori:Paraga Star Trek]] sar8hcnxey58vsxh12xm7d36ecaneu0 0 200791 1755913 2026-09-01T04:26:52Z Asorev 57743 Kaca anyar: {{Infobox person | name = Boris Georgiyevich Perchatkin | native_name = Борис Георгиевич Перчаткин | image = | caption = | birth_date = [[1 Juli]] [[1946]] | birth_place = [[Mirgorod]], RSS Ukraina, Uni Soviet | death_date = | death_place = | nationality = Soviet, Amerika | occupation = Aktivis hak asasi manungsa, pemimipin agama | spouse = | childre... 1755913 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Boris Georgiyevich Perchatkin | native_name = Борис Георгиевич Перчаткин | image = | caption = | birth_date = [[1 Juli]] [[1946]] | birth_place = [[Mirgorod]], RSS Ukraina, Uni Soviet | death_date = | death_place = | nationality = Soviet, Amerika | occupation = Aktivis hak asasi manungsa, pemimipin agama | spouse = | children = 6 | website = {{URL|https://bperchatkin.wordpress.com/}} }} '''Boris Georgiyevich Perchatkin''' (Basa Rusia: ''Бори́с Гео́ргиевич Перча́ткин''; lair ing [[1 Juli]] [[1946]]<ref name="nashaamerica">{{Cite web|url=http://www.nashaamerica.com/blogi/chtivo/item-894/|title=Он спас 1 млн человек. Сегодня они не могут собрать ему на операцию. Как же так?|website=www.nashaamerica.com|access-date=2023-09-26|language=ru|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926133215/http://www.nashaamerica.com/blogi/chtivo/item-894/|archive-date=2023-09-26}}</ref>) yaiku pawongan sing paling dikenal sing melu gerakan emigrasi agama ing kutha [[Nakhodka]] ing pungkasan taun 1970-an lan awal taun 1980-an<ref name="ostrovskaya">{{Cite book|last=Островская|first=О.П.|chapter=Судьбы участников эмиграционного движения пятидесятников на дальнем востоке в 1970-1980-х гг.|title=Владивосток – точка возвращения: прошлое и настоящее русской эмиграции. Материалы Второй международной научной конференции|url=http://dot.kostacademy.kz/bible/files/769476832.pdf#page=65|publisher=Дальневосточный юридический институт Министерства внутренних дел Российской Федерации|location=[[Khabarovsk]]|date=23 June 2017|pages=65–71|language=ru|isbn=978-5-9753-0229-8|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926080912/http://dot.kostacademy.kz/bible/files/769476832.pdf#page=65|archive-date=2023-09-26}}</ref>, lan aktivis hak asasi manungsa sing ngupayakake ing Amerika Serikat supaya disepakati "Amandemen Lautenberg" ing taun 1989, sing ngasilake meh 1 yuta wong saka negara-negara tilas Uni Soviet bisa emigrasi menyang Amerika Serikat<ref name="romanovich">{{Cite web|url=https://spasenie.by/publ/pravozashhitnik_boris_perchatkin_smertelno_bolen/4-1-0-82|title=Правозащитник, Борис Перчаткин, смертельно болен|website=spasenie.by|author=Михаил Романович|access-date=2023-09-26}}</ref>. == Biografi == === Awal urip lan hubungan karo greja === Boris Perchatkin lair ing kulawarga pilot militer sing seda ing kacilakan dalan ora suwe sawise Boris lair. Ibune Boris, ora suwe sawise bojone sing kapisan seda, omah-omah maneh karo prajurit militer liyane, sing ing taun 1953 ditangkap amarga ora nuruti perintah ing kerusuhan lan diukum 25 taun pengasingan ing kamp-kamp [[Vorkuta]]. Ing umur 16 taun, Boris nemokake greja Pentakosta ing kutha Nakhodka lan gabung ing kono. Sakwise iku, dheweke ngumpulake informasi babagan penganiayaan marang wong-wong sing beriman lan aktif nuduhake marang wartawan manca<ref name="semenova">{{Cite web|url=https://usa.one/2020/01/boris-perchatkin-o-veruyushhix-v-sssr-immigracii-v-ssha-i-aktivizme/|title=Борис Перчаткин — о том, как помогал верующим из СССР попасть в США|website=usa.one|author=Виктория Семёнова|date=2020-01-03|access-date=2023-09-25}}</ref>. === Gabung karo gerakan emigrasi lan kontak karo pembangkang (1976–1980) === Ing taun 1976, Perchatkin, bareng karo kanca-kancane Vasili Patrushev, V. A. Burlachenko lan Vladimir Stepanov, nggawe kontak karo para [[Pembangkang Soviet|pembangkang]] ing [[Moskow]] lan nampa rekomendasi kanggo "mengarahkan gelombang emigrasi menyang saluran sing terorganisir". Ing taun sing padha, L. V. Voronina, wakil saka [[Kelompok Helsinki Moskow]], teka ing Nakhodka. Wiwit taun iku, Perchatkin aktif nyengkuyung metu massal wong-wong Pentakosta saka [[Uni Soviet]]<ref name="ostrovskaya"/>. Ing taun sing padha, Perchatkin ngirim panjalukan menyang [[PBB]], [[Dewan Greja-Greja Sedunia]] lan para pimpinan negara sing nanda tangani [[Persetujuan Helsinki]], ing ngendi dheweke nyritakake babagan penganiayaan terus-menerus marang wong-wong sing beriman ing Uni Soviet<ref name="nashaamerica"/>. Ing taun 1977, bareng karo Nikolai Gorety, dheweke maju kanggo mbela para pembangkang sing ditangkap kayata [[Ginzburg, Alexander Ilyich|Alexander Ginzburg]], [[Orlov, Yuri Fyodorovich|Yuri Orlov]] lan [[Sharansky, Natan|Anatoly Sharansky]], ngendika marang wong-wong Kristen ing donya ing jeneng wong Pentakosta<ref name="ostrovskaya"/>. Ing taun sing padha, bareng karo wong-wong Kristen liyane saka macem-macem denominasi, dheweke melu mogok mangan umum, sing tujuane supaya entuk izin metu saka Uni Soviet kanggo wong-wong Kristen sing dianiaya<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://archive.ukrweekly.com/print-media/1977/The_Ukrainian_Weekly_1977-38.pdf|title=Dissidents fast across USSR|newspaper=The Ukrainian Weekly|date=1977-10-09|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926074510/https://archive.ukrweekly.com/print-media/1977/The_Ukrainian_Weekly_1977-38.pdf|archive-date=2023-09-26}}</ref>. Ing tanggal 20 Desember 1978, Perchatkin nyoba ngirim telegram ucapan Taun Baru liwat kantor pos Nakhodka menyang [[Presiden Amerika Serikat]] [[Carter, Jimmy|Jimmy Carter]] kanthi panjalukan supaya menehi perhatian marang wong-wong sing ora duwe kabebasan beragama<ref name="ostrovskaya"/><ref name="nashaamerica"/><ref>{{Cite book|url=http://www.rusbaptist.stunda.org/aven-ezer-primorje.pdf|title=АВЕН-ЕЗЕР. Евангельское движение в Приморье 1898-1990 годы|author=Андрей Дементьев|publisher=Русский остров|year=2011|pages=213|isbn=978-5-93577-054-2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230925212100/http://www.rusbaptist.stunda.org/aven-ezer-primorje.pdf|archive-date=2023-09-25}}</ref>. Wiwit taun 1979, dheweke nindakake pakaryan organisasi kanggo nggawe Pusat kanggo wong-wong beriman sing berorientasi emigrasi ing Uni Soviet, lan ngarep-arep dadi pimpinane. Ing taun 1980, dheweke dipilih minangka sekretaris Dewan Greja-Greja Pentakosta Soviet sing berorientasi emigrasi sing bubar dibentuk<ref name="ostrovskaya"/>. Ing pungkasan taun 1979, Perchatkin nulis pratelan "Menyang Kongres lan Pemerintah AS, Pemerintah Kanada, Australia, Inggris, Jerman Kulon, Prancis lan Italia", ing ngendi dheweke nyritakake babagan kasunyatan Soviet, pranatan program Partai Komunis Uni Soviet babagan babagan agama ing Uni Soviet, lan njentrehake undang-undang Soviet babagan sekte agama<ref name="nashaamerica"/>. === Penindasan pemerintah lan pakunjaran === Dheweke minangka anggota paling aktif saka komite wong-wong beriman sing ngirim aplikasi kanggo emigrasi. Otoritas Soviet ngatur kampanye pencemaran jeneng marang Perchatkin lan kulawargane liwat publikasi artikel ing koran utama kutha kayata "Wong munafik grosir lan eceran", "Kapercayan liwat pitungan", "Sadurunge kasep" lan liyane<ref name="ostrovskaya"/>. Ing tanggal 21 Agustus 1980, Perchatkin ditangkap ing Nakhodka, lan ing pungkasan Maret 1981<ref name="dtic">{{Cite web|url=https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA145453.pdf|title=Chronology of Soviet Dissidence: January 1970 through December 1982|publisher=Defense Technical Information Center|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002220919/https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA145453.pdf|archive-date=2023-10-02}}</ref> didhawuhi ukuman adhedhasar Pasal 190.1 Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana RSFSR amarga "nyebarke gosip sing dingerteni salah sing mencemarkan sistem negara lan sosial Soviet" nganti 2 taun pakunjaran<ref name="dtic"/>. Manut laporan stasiun radio "Voice of America", nalika penyelidikan lan pengadilan, bahan kimia (neuroleptik) digunakake marang Perchatkin, sing nggawe dheweke kelangan eling<ref name="ostrovskaya"/>. Ing Agustus 1982, Perchatkin dibebasake lan terus berjuang kanggo hak emigrasi saka Uni Soviet. Ing Februari 1983, dheweke ditangkap maneh, lan mengko didhawuhi ukuman adhedhasar Pasal 218, bagean 2 Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana RSFSR nganti 1.5 taun amarga nggawa senjata tajam kanthi ilegal<ref name="ostrovskaya"/>. === Pakaryan diplomatik lan emigrasi menyang AS === Ing taun 1987, Perchatkin nyusun laporan kanggo Kongres AS "Babagan kahanan agama ing Uni Soviet". Laporan iki diwaca ing Kongres AS, lan Perchatkin diundhang menyang rapat karo Sekretaris Negara AS [[Shultz, George|George Shultz]]<ref name="romanovich"/> kanggo ngrembug babagan migrasi agama, uga karo Ketua [[Mahkamah Agung Amerika Serikat]] [[Rehnquist, William|William Rehnquist]]<ref name="romanovich"/> lan Wakil Sekretaris Negara AS kanggo Urusan Agama. Ing Mei 1988, nalika Presiden AS [[Reagan, Ronald|Ronald Reagan]] teka ing Uni Soviet kanggo kunjungan resmi kanggo nemoni [[Gorbachev, Mikhail|Gorbachev]], Perchatkin diundhang menyang rapat karo bojone Reagan — [[Reagan, Nancy|Nancy Reagan]] — minangka bagean saka delegasi 40 wong kanggo ngrembug babagan kabebasan beragama ing Uni Soviet. Ing tanggal 30 Mei 1988, Perchatkin makili wong Protestan Soviet ing rapat kasebut. Sajroning rong jam, dheweke nyritakake marang Nancy Reagan babagan kahanan kabebasan beragama ing Uni Soviet, sawise iku Nancy Reagan ngundhang Perchatkin supaya moco laporane babagan kahanan agama ing Uni Soviet ing Kongres AS<ref name="gura">{{Cite journal|last=Гура|first=В.О.|title=Історія та есхатологічні мотиви релігійної еміграції пізніх протестантів із СРСР 1987–2017 рр.|journal=Гілея: науковий вісник|location=[[Kyiv]]|year=2018|issue=135|pages=171–175|language=uk|issn=2076-1554|url=http://www.irbis-nbuv.gov.ua/cgi-bin/irbis_nbuv/cgiirbis_64.exe?C21COM=2&I21DBN=UJRN&P21DBN=UJRN&IMAGE_FILE_DOWNLOAD=1&Image_file_name=PDF/gileya_2018_135_47.pdf}}</ref>. Ing tanggal 26 Juli 1988, Perchatkin emigrasi menyang Amerika Serikat<ref name="gura"/> bareng karo kabeh kulawargane<ref name="ostrovskaya"/>. Ing tanggal 4 Agustus 1988, dheweke ngendika ing [[Kongres Amerika Serikat]] kanthi laporan babagan genosida wong-wong sing beriman ing Uni Soviet<ref name="ostrovskaya"/><ref name="gura"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://russiainphoto.ru/photos/195013/|title=Фото|language=ru|website=russiainphoto.ru|access-date=2023-09-26|archive-date=2023-09-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926063526/https://russiainphoto.ru/photos/195013/}}</ref>, sing mengko dirembug karo anggota kongres, senator lan diplomat<ref name="gura"/>. Hasil saka diskusi iki<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://issuu.com/afisha/docs/diaspora_08-11-13/9|title=25-летие начала исхода|newspaper=Диаспора. Славянская общественная газета|author=Виталий Футорный|date=2013-08-11|language=ru|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240508015913/https://issuu.com/afisha/docs/diaspora_08-11-13/9|archive-date=2024-05-08}}</ref> yaiku disepakati "Amandemen Lautenberg" ing taun 1989, sing dijupuk saka jeneng Senator Partai Demokrat saka negara bagian [[New Jersey]], [[Lautenberg, Frank|Frank Lautenberg]]. Ing dasawarsa kapisan amandemen iki berlaku, udakara 350.000 migran agama mlebu menyang AS<ref name="gura"/><ref name="semenova"/>, lan nganti taun 2010 — udakara 1 yuta wong<ref name="romanovich"/>. Keluar massal wong Pentakosta saka Nakhodka diwiwiti ing taun 1988, nalika 152 wong diwasa metu, ora kalebu bocah-bocah cilik. Ing taun 1989, 45 wong Pentakosta diwasa emigrasi saka Nakhodka<ref name="ostrovskaya"/>. === Aktivisme hak asasi manungsa ing AS === Nalika ana ing AS, Perchatkin nggawe situs web dhewe, ing ngendi dheweke njentrehake rincian penangkapan lan pakunjarane nalika berjuang kanggo emigrasi<ref name="ostrovskaya"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bperchatkin.wordpress.com/|title=Персональный сайт Бориса Перчаткина|access-date=2023-09-25|archive-date=2023-09-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926084710/https://bperchatkin.wordpress.com/}}</ref> lan ngatur organisasi hak asasi manungsa Kristen ARRC<ref name="romanovich"/> (American-Russian Relief Committee)<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_YhIiVBx_5kC&pg=PA21|title=Unregistered Religious Groups in Russia: Hearing Before the Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe|publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office|year=2007|language=en|isbn=978-0-16-077910-7}}</ref>. Dheweke uga nerbitake buku autobiografi "Dalan Geni" (''Огненные тропы''), sing wis diterbitake maneh kaping pirang-pirang<ref name="ostrovskaya"/>. Ing musim panas taun 2025, Boris Perchatkin, bareng karo wong-wong sing sengethenan ing [[Departemen Negara Amerika Serikat]] lan ing [[Komisi Kabebasan Beragama Internasional Amerika Serikat]], ngandhani babagan kasunyatan yen wong-wong Kristen pasifis ing Ukraina lan Rusia dianiaya, ditolak layanan sipil alternatif, dimobilisasi kanthi paksaan, ditangkap, ngalami kekerasan lan ancaman amarga nolak melu ing perang, lan uga ngalami diskriminasi lan penuntutan pidana. Amarga babagan iki, Boris Perchatkin ngupayakake nggawe kuota migrasi khusus kanggo wong-wong Kristen pasifis Ukraina sing teka ing AS liwat program [[Uniting for Ukraine|U4U]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.slavicsac.com/2025/07/14/ukraine-russian-christians/|title=В США обсуждают защиту христиан из Украины и России|website=Slavic Sacramento|date=2025-07-15|access-date=2025-11-27|archive-date=2025-08-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250815145842/https://www.slavicsac.com/2025/07/14/ukraine-russian-christians/}}</ref>. == Pèngetan == Fisikawan lan pemenang Hadiah Nobel [[Sakharov, Andrei|Andrei Sakharov]] nyebutake Boris Perchatkin ing antarane tahanan politik Soviet liyane ing artikelle ing taun 1981 "Tanggung Jawab Para Ilmuwan"<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sakharov.space/lib/otvetstvennost-uchenyh|title=Сахаров. Ответственность учёных|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002222415/https://www.sakharov.space/lib/otvetstvennost-uchenyh|archive-date=2023-10-02}}</ref>. == Rujukan == {{reflist}} == Pranala njaba == * [https://bperchatkin.wordpress.com/ Situs resmi Boris Perchatkin] * {{Cite journal|author=Michael Rowe|title=The Soviet pentecostal emigration movement|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/epdf/10.1080/09637498308431098|journal=Religion in Communist Lands|date=2 January 2008|volume=11|issue=3|pages=337–339|language=en|doi=10.1080/09637498308431098}} * {{Cite journal|author=Catherine Wanner|title=Religion and Refugee Resettlement: Evolving Connections to Ukraine since World War II|url=https://brill.com/view/journals/css/44/1-2/article-p44_4.xml|journal=Canadian-American Slavic Studies|publisher=Brill Schöningh|date=January 2010|volume=44|issue=1–2|pages=44–66|language=en|issn=2210-2396|doi=10.1163/221023910X512796}} * {{Cite news|author=Special To the New York Times|title=Soviet Pentecostals Meet Illegally and Form Council|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1979/09/05/archives/soviet-pentecostals-meet-illegally-and-form-council-20-delegates.html|newspaper=The New York Times|access-date=2025-12-18|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180310060316/https://www.nytimes.com/1979/09/05/archives/soviet-pentecostals-meet-illegally-and-form-council-20-delegates.html|archive-date=2018-03-10}} {{Authority control}} [[Kategori:Lair 1946]] mhad6tp7dzqy4hl2b5vp4en1qcc7sxj 1755918 1755913 2026-09-01T07:25:30Z Asorev 57743 1755918 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Boris Georgiyevich Perchatkin | native_name = Борис Георгиевич Перчаткин | image = | caption = | birth_date = [[1 Juli]] [[1946]] | birth_place = [[Mirgorod]], RSS Ukraina, Uni Soviet | death_date = | death_place = | nationality = Soviet, Amerika | occupation = Aktivis hak asasi manungsa, pemimipin agama | spouse = | children = 6 | website = {{URL|https://bperchatkin.wordpress.com/}} }} '''Boris Georgiyevich Perchatkin''' (Basa Rusia: ''Бори́с Гео́ргиевич Перча́ткин''; lair ing [[1 Juli]] [[1946]]<ref name="nashaamerica">{{Cite web|url=http://www.nashaamerica.com/blogi/chtivo/item-894/|title=Он спас 1 млн человек. Сегодня они не могут собрать ему на операцию. Как же так?|website=www.nashaamerica.com|access-date=2023-09-26|language=ru|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926133215/http://www.nashaamerica.com/blogi/chtivo/item-894/|archive-date=2023-09-26}}</ref>) yaiku pawongan sing paling dikenal sing melu gerakan emigrasi agama ing kutha [[Nakhodka]] ing pungkasan taun 1970-an lan awal taun 1980-an<ref name="ostrovskaya">{{Cite book|last=Островская|first=О.П.|chapter=Судьбы участников эмиграционного движения пятидесятников на дальнем востоке в 1970-1980-х гг.|title=Владивосток – точка возвращения: прошлое и настоящее русской эмиграции. Материалы Второй международной научной конференции|url=http://dot.kostacademy.kz/bible/files/769476832.pdf#page=65|publisher=Дальневосточный юридический институт Министерства внутренних дел Российской Федерации|location=[[Khabarovsk]]|date=23 June 2017|pages=65–71|language=ru|isbn=978-5-9753-0229-8|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926080912/http://dot.kostacademy.kz/bible/files/769476832.pdf#page=65|archive-date=2023-09-26}}</ref>, lan aktivis hak asasi manungsa sing ngupayakake ing Amerika Serikat supaya disepakati "Amandemen Lautenberg" ing taun 1989, sing ngasilake meh 1 yuta wong saka negara-negara tilas Uni Soviet bisa emigrasi menyang Amerika Serikat<ref name="romanovich">{{Cite web|url=https://spasenie.by/publ/pravozashhitnik_boris_perchatkin_smertelno_bolen/4-1-0-82|title=Правозащитник, Борис Перчаткин, смертельно болен|website=spasenie.by|author=Михаил Романович|access-date=2023-09-26}}</ref>. == Biografi == === Awal urip lan hubungan karo greja === Boris Perchatkin lair ing kulawarga pilot militer sing seda ing kacilakan dalan ora suwe sawise Boris lair. Ibune Boris, ora suwe sawise bojone sing kapisan seda, omah-omah maneh karo prajurit militer liyane, sing ing taun 1953 ditangkap amarga ora nuruti perintah ing kerusuhan lan diukum 25 taun pengasingan ing kamp-kamp [[Vorkuta]]. Ing umur 16 taun, Boris nemokake greja Pentakosta ing kutha Nakhodka lan gabung ing kono. Sakwise iku, dheweke ngumpulake informasi babagan penganiayaan marang wong-wong sing beriman lan aktif nuduhake marang wartawan manca<ref name="semenova">{{Cite web|url=https://usa.one/2020/01/boris-perchatkin-o-veruyushhix-v-sssr-immigracii-v-ssha-i-aktivizme/|title=Борис Перчаткин — о том, как помогал верующим из СССР попасть в США|website=usa.one|author=Виктория Семёнова|date=2020-01-03|access-date=2023-09-25}}</ref>. === Gabung karo gerakan emigrasi lan kontak karo pembangkang (1976–1980) === Ing taun 1976, Perchatkin, bareng karo kanca-kancane Vasili Patrushev, V. A. Burlachenko lan Vladimir Stepanov, nggawe kontak karo para [[Pembangkang Soviet|pembangkang]] ing [[Moskow]] lan nampa rekomendasi kanggo "mengarahkan gelombang emigrasi menyang saluran sing terorganisir". Ing taun sing padha, L. V. Voronina, wakil saka [[Kelompok Helsinki Moskow]], teka ing Nakhodka. Wiwit taun iku, Perchatkin aktif nyengkuyung metu massal wong-wong Pentakosta saka [[Uni Soviet]]<ref name="ostrovskaya"/>. Ing taun sing padha, Perchatkin ngirim panjalukan menyang [[PBB]], [[Dewan Greja-Greja Sedunia]] lan para pimpinan negara sing nanda tangani [[Persetujuan Helsinki]], ing ngendi dheweke nyritakake babagan penganiayaan terus-menerus marang wong-wong sing beriman ing Uni Soviet<ref name="nashaamerica"/>. Ing taun 1977, bareng karo Nikolai Gorety, dheweke maju kanggo mbela para pembangkang sing ditangkap kayata [[Alexander Ginzburg]], [[Yuri Orlov]] lan [[Anatoly Sharansky]], ngendika marang wong-wong Kristen ing donya ing jeneng wong Pentakosta<ref name="ostrovskaya"/>. Ing taun sing padha, bareng karo wong-wong Kristen liyane saka macem-macem denominasi, dheweke melu mogok mangan umum, sing tujuane supaya entuk izin metu saka Uni Soviet kanggo wong-wong Kristen sing dianiaya<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://archive.ukrweekly.com/print-media/1977/The_Ukrainian_Weekly_1977-38.pdf|title=Dissidents fast across USSR|newspaper=The Ukrainian Weekly|date=1977-10-09|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926074510/https://archive.ukrweekly.com/print-media/1977/The_Ukrainian_Weekly_1977-38.pdf|archive-date=2023-09-26}}</ref>. Ing tanggal 20 Desember 1978, Perchatkin nyoba ngirim telegram ucapan Taun Baru liwat kantor pos Nakhodka menyang [[Presiden Amerika Serikat]] [[Jimmy Carter]] kanthi panjalukan supaya menehi perhatian marang wong-wong sing ora duwe kabebasan beragama<ref name="ostrovskaya"/><ref name="nashaamerica"/><ref>{{Cite book|url=http://www.rusbaptist.stunda.org/aven-ezer-primorje.pdf|title=АВЕН-ЕЗЕР. Евангельское движение в Приморье 1898-1990 годы|author=Андрей Дементьев|publisher=Русский остров|year=2011|pages=213|isbn=978-5-93577-054-2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230925212100/http://www.rusbaptist.stunda.org/aven-ezer-primorje.pdf|archive-date=2023-09-25}}</ref>. Wiwit taun 1979, dheweke nindakake pakaryan organisasi kanggo nggawe Pusat kanggo wong-wong beriman sing berorientasi emigrasi ing Uni Soviet, lan ngarep-arep dadi pimpinane. Ing taun 1980, dheweke dipilih minangka sekretaris Dewan Greja-Greja Pentakosta Soviet sing berorientasi emigrasi sing bubar dibentuk<ref name="ostrovskaya"/>. Ing pungkasan taun 1979, Perchatkin nulis pratelan "Menyang Kongres lan Pemerintah AS, Pemerintah Kanada, Australia, Inggris, Jerman Kulon, Prancis lan Italia", ing ngendi dheweke nyritakake babagan kasunyatan Soviet, pranatan program Partai Komunis Uni Soviet babagan babagan agama ing Uni Soviet, lan njentrehake undang-undang Soviet babagan sekte agama<ref name="nashaamerica"/>. === Penindasan pemerintah lan pakunjaran === Dheweke minangka anggota paling aktif saka komite wong-wong beriman sing ngirim aplikasi kanggo emigrasi. Otoritas Soviet ngatur kampanye pencemaran jeneng marang Perchatkin lan kulawargane liwat publikasi artikel ing koran utama kutha kayata "Wong munafik grosir lan eceran", "Kapercayan liwat pitungan", "Sadurunge kasep" lan liyane<ref name="ostrovskaya"/>. Ing tanggal 21 Agustus 1980, Perchatkin ditangkap ing Nakhodka, lan ing pungkasan Maret 1981<ref name="dtic">{{Cite web|url=https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA145453.pdf|title=Chronology of Soviet Dissidence: January 1970 through December 1982|publisher=Defense Technical Information Center|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002220919/https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA145453.pdf|archive-date=2023-10-02}}</ref> didhawuhi ukuman adhedhasar Pasal 190.1 Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana RSFSR amarga "nyebarke gosip sing dingerteni salah sing mencemarkan sistem negara lan sosial Soviet" nganti 2 taun pakunjaran<ref name="dtic"/>. Manut laporan stasiun radio "Voice of America", nalika penyelidikan lan pengadilan, bahan kimia (neuroleptik) digunakake marang Perchatkin, sing nggawe dheweke kelangan eling<ref name="ostrovskaya"/>. Ing Agustus 1982, Perchatkin dibebasake lan terus berjuang kanggo hak emigrasi saka Uni Soviet. Ing Februari 1983, dheweke ditangkap maneh, lan mengko didhawuhi ukuman adhedhasar Pasal 218, bagean 2 Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana RSFSR nganti 1.5 taun amarga nggawa senjata tajam kanthi ilegal<ref name="ostrovskaya"/>. === Pakaryan diplomatik lan emigrasi menyang AS === Ing taun 1987, Perchatkin nyusun laporan kanggo Kongres AS "Babagan kahanan agama ing Uni Soviet". Laporan iki diwaca ing Kongres AS, lan Perchatkin diundhang menyang rapat karo Sekretaris Negara AS [[George Shultz]]<ref name="romanovich"/> kanggo ngrembug babagan migrasi agama, uga karo Ketua [[Mahkamah Agung Amerika Serikat]] [[William Rehnquist]]<ref name="romanovich"/> lan Wakil Sekretaris Negara AS kanggo Urusan Agama. Ing Mei 1988, nalika Presiden AS [[Ronald Reagan]] teka ing Uni Soviet kanggo kunjungan resmi kanggo nemoni [[Mikhail Gorbachev]], Perchatkin diundhang menyang rapat karo bojone Reagan — [[Nancy Reagan]] — minangka bagean saka delegasi 40 wong kanggo ngrembug babagan kabebasan beragama ing Uni Soviet. Ing tanggal 30 Mei 1988, Perchatkin makili wong Protestan Soviet ing rapat kasebut. Sajroning rong jam, dheweke nyritakake marang Nancy Reagan babagan kahanan kabebasan beragama ing Uni Soviet, sawise iku Nancy Reagan ngundhang Perchatkin supaya moco laporane babagan kahanan agama ing Uni Soviet ing Kongres AS<ref name="gura">{{Cite journal|last=Гура|first=В.О.|title=Історія та есхатологічні мотиви релігійної еміграції пізніх протестантів із СРСР 1987–2017 рр.|journal=Гілея: науковий вісник|location=[[Kyiv]]|year=2018|issue=135|pages=171–175|language=uk|issn=2076-1554|url=http://www.irbis-nbuv.gov.ua/cgi-bin/irbis_nbuv/cgiirbis_64.exe?C21COM=2&I21DBN=UJRN&P21DBN=UJRN&IMAGE_FILE_DOWNLOAD=1&Image_file_name=PDF/gileya_2018_135_47.pdf}}</ref>. Ing tanggal 26 Juli 1988, Perchatkin emigrasi menyang Amerika Serikat<ref name="gura"/> bareng karo kabeh kulawargane<ref name="ostrovskaya"/>. Ing tanggal 4 Agustus 1988, dheweke ngendika ing [[Kongres Amerika Serikat]] kanthi laporan babagan genosida wong-wong sing beriman ing Uni Soviet<ref name="ostrovskaya"/><ref name="gura"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://russiainphoto.ru/photos/195013/|title=Фото|language=ru|website=russiainphoto.ru|access-date=2023-09-26|archive-date=2023-09-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926063526/https://russiainphoto.ru/photos/195013/}}</ref>, sing mengko dirembug karo anggota kongres, senator lan diplomat<ref name="gura"/>. Hasil saka diskusi iki<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://issuu.com/afisha/docs/diaspora_08-11-13/9|title=25-летие начала исхода|newspaper=Диаспора. Славянская общественная газета|author=Виталий Футорный|date=2013-08-11|language=ru|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240508015913/https://issuu.com/afisha/docs/diaspora_08-11-13/9|archive-date=2024-05-08}}</ref> yaiku disepakati "Amandemen Lautenberg" ing taun 1989, sing dijupuk saka jeneng Senator Partai Demokrat saka negara bagian [[New Jersey]], [[Frank Lautenberg]]. Ing dasawarsa kapisan amandemen iki berlaku, udakara 350.000 migran agama mlebu menyang AS<ref name="gura"/><ref name="semenova"/>, lan nganti taun 2010 — udakara 1 yuta wong<ref name="romanovich"/>. Keluar massal wong Pentakosta saka Nakhodka diwiwiti ing taun 1988, nalika 152 wong diwasa metu, ora kalebu bocah-bocah cilik. Ing taun 1989, 45 wong Pentakosta diwasa emigrasi saka Nakhodka<ref name="ostrovskaya"/>. === Aktivisme hak asasi manungsa ing AS === Nalika ana ing AS, Perchatkin nggawe situs web dhewe, ing ngendi dheweke njentrehake rincian penangkapan lan pakunjarane nalika berjuang kanggo emigrasi<ref name="ostrovskaya"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bperchatkin.wordpress.com/|title=Персональный сайт Бориса Перчаткина|access-date=2023-09-25|archive-date=2023-09-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926084710/https://bperchatkin.wordpress.com/}}</ref> lan ngatur organisasi hak asasi manungsa Kristen ARRC<ref name="romanovich"/> (American-Russian Relief Committee)<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_YhIiVBx_5kC&pg=PA21|title=Unregistered Religious Groups in Russia: Hearing Before the Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe|publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office|year=2007|language=en|isbn=978-0-16-077910-7}}</ref>. Dheweke uga nerbitake buku autobiografi "Dalan Geni" (''Огненные тропы''), sing wis diterbitake maneh kaping pirang-pirang<ref name="ostrovskaya"/>. Ing musim panas taun 2025, Boris Perchatkin, bareng karo wong-wong sing sengethenan ing [[Departemen Negara Amerika Serikat]] lan ing [[Komisi Kabebasan Beragama Internasional Amerika Serikat]], ngandhani babagan kasunyatan yen wong-wong Kristen pasifis ing Ukraina lan Rusia dianiaya, ditolak layanan sipil alternatif, dimobilisasi kanthi paksaan, ditangkap, ngalami kekerasan lan ancaman amarga nolak melu ing perang, lan uga ngalami diskriminasi lan penuntutan pidana. Amarga babagan iki, Boris Perchatkin ngupayakake nggawe kuota migrasi khusus kanggo wong-wong Kristen pasifis Ukraina sing teka ing AS liwat program [[Uniting for Ukraine|U4U]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.slavicsac.com/2025/07/14/ukraine-russian-christians/|title=В США обсуждают защиту христиан из Украины и России|website=Slavic Sacramento|date=2025-07-15|access-date=2025-11-27|archive-date=2025-08-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250815145842/https://www.slavicsac.com/2025/07/14/ukraine-russian-christians/}}</ref>. == Pèngetan == Fisikawan lan pemenang Hadiah Nobel [[Andrei Sakharov]] nyebutake Boris Perchatkin ing antarane tahanan politik Soviet liyane ing artikelle ing taun 1981 "Tanggung Jawab Para Ilmuwan"<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sakharov.space/lib/otvetstvennost-uchenyh|title=Сахаров. Ответственность учёных|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002222415/https://www.sakharov.space/lib/otvetstvennost-uchenyh|archive-date=2023-10-02}}</ref>. == Rujukan == {{reflist}} == Pranala njaba == * [https://bperchatkin.wordpress.com/ Situs resmi Boris Perchatkin] * {{Cite journal|author=Michael Rowe|title=The Soviet pentecostal emigration movement|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/epdf/10.1080/09637498308431098|journal=Religion in Communist Lands|date=2 January 2008|volume=11|issue=3|pages=337–339|language=en|doi=10.1080/09637498308431098}} * {{Cite journal|author=Catherine Wanner|title=Religion and Refugee Resettlement: Evolving Connections to Ukraine since World War II|url=https://brill.com/view/journals/css/44/1-2/article-p44_4.xml|journal=Canadian-American Slavic Studies|publisher=Brill Schöningh|date=January 2010|volume=44|issue=1–2|pages=44–66|language=en|issn=2210-2396|doi=10.1163/221023910X512796}} * {{Cite news|author=Special To the New York Times|title=Soviet Pentecostals Meet Illegally and Form Council|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1979/09/05/archives/soviet-pentecostals-meet-illegally-and-form-council-20-delegates.html|newspaper=The New York Times|access-date=2025-12-18|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180310060316/https://www.nytimes.com/1979/09/05/archives/soviet-pentecostals-meet-illegally-and-form-council-20-delegates.html|archive-date=2018-03-10}} {{Authority control}} [[Kategori:Lair 1946]] 0ucpby1cz8ykn8c8cvyptwmqdb34m2b